1916-10-25 — Page 7

AUSTRIA'S PREDICAMENT. HELP SENT BY GERMANY

H. Warner Allen, special representative of the British Press with the French

men.

The question arises:

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26TH, 1915.

THE FIXING OF PEACE TERMS THE SOLDIER'S CHAPLAIN FIRST MAIL IN TEN YEARS.

"PRIMARY BUSINESS OF EVERY

MAN."

ACHIEVEMENTS AT THE FRONT

[By "THE TIMES SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT. }

BRITISH HEADQUARTERS.

as those of other officers.

Achievements such as that by which the Rev. Edward Noel Mellish won the the cloth, but on the whole Army. Every Victoria Cross shed Instre not only on

body is proud of it. But, apart from such brilliant incidents, the war, with

BRITISH SUBJECTS ON SOUTH

ATLANTIC ISLE

One hundred and three British sub-

their Tresaurs Ship, which will steam jects, if exiled on a lonely isle in the South Atlantic, are eagerly awaiting

Feekly Dispatch. from London in a few days, says tho

Viscount Eshor, who is in France, has Army, writing on September 1st, said: sent another letter to the Lord Provost Roumania's adhesion to the cause of of Glasgow, which is printed in the the Allied Powers reinforces thair Armies Daily Telegraph. by several divisions of fresh troops, and with complete confidence of the result, out hearing of the good work done by

His lordship writes

No one can be much at the front with general. mobilisation should give Ron and says:-- mania something over 000,000 trained

"I often wonder what our friends at boen is partially indicated by the fact the Army chaplains. How good it has The Austrian armies have just passed home expect at the end of this struggle that since the war began chaplains on through a period of three months' defeats, Do you and your neighbours see clearly this front have won a large number of de Cunha, and it is so far off the beaten They are the inhabitants of Tristan in which they have lost 800,000 men, and before you the objects which the states distinctions, but the list only partially track that they have not heard officially of these 350,000 are prisoners. Their men and politicians who serve you ought indicates the total value of the services from the Motherland for ten years, but strategic reserves have been completely to have in their minds? I have received which chaplains have rendered, for they now & ship has been chartered to visit exhausted. But despite the continual to-day, us I suppose have many others are services which cannot be measured the island and take mails. The Colonial pressure of Italians and Russians on a printed basis for a just peace-some by the same purely military standards Office and other friends of the islanders their frontiers, tho Austrians were able practical considerations,' signed by to scrupo together eight divisions, which serious and well-known men and women,

are sending them comforts and stores, they sent to Tramylvania in readiness who, judged by their reasoning, can

and at the offices of the Crown Agents for & rupture with Roumania. These have formed no true mental vision of

for the Colonics (who are packing and and it seems scarcely possible, despite the methods by which it is feing waged,

The gifts are chiefly of a practical value, divisions were badly needed elsewhere, the meaning of the war, and still less of

despatching the goods free) there have been busy scenes the past few days. the difficulty of the country, that they That such a mischievous document will be able to hold the long line of the can be circulated shows to my mind the

and include soap, which is greatly in Roumanian frontier.

Where is the importance of foreing at the earliest moits long sustained strain under practical-emand in Tristan da Cunha, rope, Dual Monarchy to und more troops? 7ment those who take a sane view of the ly stationary conditions and the immense gars, uedical supplies and sails.

dungaree for making clothes, boots, rice, cannot accuse Germany of having failed the German armies, to formulate their been subjected, has given the chaplains and a good supply of hairpins and other destruction and ernelties committed by discomforts to which the troops have i to accour the brilliant second." The.

The women exiles are not forgotten, Germans lost half a million of men at

ideas

to exact punishment and

an opportunity of making good their Verdun before the Bomme offensive began, penalties to be extracted from the Ger footing as perhaps no other war has necessities will bring joy to the belles of Since July 1st they have been losing man people by way of compensation.

done, and they have seized

Tristan. the heavily, both on the Somme and at Ver

opportunity,

The only flag the islanders are anid dun. How heavy the German ensunity "To postpone the consideration of

to have to prove their allegiance to the The Higher list has been can be deduced from the fact such questions until an armistice or thoroughly to recognize their value as Office is sending out a brand new Union Command has come Empire is a red ensign, and the Colonial that since July 1st the Allies have taken peace is upon us will be to commit an an integral part of the war establish Jack. There are sure to be hearty cheers 43,000 prisoners at these two points on the error as great as that which cost us so went in the maintenance of the moral in the lonely settlement when the new front. According to all precedents on dear in not adequately preparing for a and the good spirits of the men. The flag arriver and is unfurled this front, this figure must represent a war that was inevitable. Are we going officers have come to know the individual very large total of casualties on the Ger-to be caught a second time in the "padre" in the daily friction of life

meshes of sleep? Notwithstanding these losses and the

in the field and in time of danger, and For heaven's sake do not leave these they have found him a good fellow and ever-increasing pressure of French and high matters in the hands of others, a brave man. The men have learned his British on the Somme, the Germans have They are the primary business of every value as a comrade who has a power to sent some divisions to help the Austrians. man in Britain and Greater Britain who help them and minister to their com Nine of these have been withdrawn from has suffered. The war has taught us at fort as only one who has an officer's the Western front, and the most surpris-least this lesson-that in order to win rank can, but with whom, at the same ing point is that four of them bave been victories the conduct of war cannot be time, they can talk much more intim withdrawn since July 1st, when the left in the hands of a military caste, but ately than with any regular offoor. It Somme offensive began. It is obvious is an affair of the whole nation. that the German High Command would) not withdraw, if it could possibly help Great Britain and France that are deposes of war, the chaplain's chief value It is the people and the Press of in this that, for the practical pur it, a single man from the front which is feating the Germans in the field. When lies, heing subjected to the offensive described the end comes, if the same agencies have in the German Pres as a gigantic not made preparation the fruits of vie operation." The German Press declares tory will be lost." that the Germans are greatly outnumber- ed on the Somme, and yet so great is the crisis that the enemy has had actually to weaken his Western front during the

man side.

height of the offensive.

EVERY MAN'S DUSINESS.

Lord Esher, earlier in his letter,

Says:

war.

UNITY WITH DIVERSITY..

Like all other branches of the Army, the Chaplains Department has grown prodigiously since the beginning of the there can now be bat one ending to this with the original Expeditionary Force

Although the end may not be yet, war. There were 54 chaplains in all Germany has had to call on its 1917 trial, but the murderer and the busybody troops on this front a number which It has been, and still is, a fiery There are now over 1,000 with the contingent to fill up the gaps on the West-in other men's matters will now inevit-will be increased by the recent decision ern froat. The men fighting have been ably obtain his deserts. deprived of those regular periods of rest Germans who will be the lords over the England chaplains to English divisions. It is not the to allot a larger number of Charoli of that are so necessary to the soldier inheritage of the weaker nations. the conditions of modern warfare. Ans-

Of this total, 00 per cent, are members tria can scarcely expect further assistance

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Although Tristan da Cunha has had landers have not been without news of po official mail for ten years, tho is TJILIWONG..... the outside world all the time. Sailing ships which get off the beaten track occasionally make a point of regulating their natives put off in their boats to exchange goods and pick up the news. They have chronometers there, and the

had a visit of this sort in the past two years, ao they know that Europe is in learn of the battles of the Marne, the arms, but these 130 exiles have still to Falkland Isles, Verdun, Jutland and the death of Lord Kitchener

Wirelona Talography,

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MOTTELY SERVICE: BETWEEN

susceptible to emotional influence, is NETH, INDIA, MANILA, HONGKONG & SAN FRANCISCO.

From this side. As for the Bulgarians, armies, British and French, realise here, under the control of Bishop Gwynn said in English religious journals of the

I hope you all realise at tummy as the they will have more than enough to do that there must be no impatience and no in defending themselves against the Army exaggeration. Our people and our gal of Salonika.

In the Turkish depote laat Allies have at last got Germany by there are not more than 180,000 men, so the throat. But the erwhing of a great that Austria can look for no more help military Power takes time and eutails from this quarter.

large sacrifices,

ATTAINMENTS.

The

such moments that many chaplains feel fruitful. that their efforts have been most

in the war, as many more have been In all, six chaplains have been killed seriously wounded, and a very large number slightly wounded..

That men

in the presence of death. should be more impressionable, more of the Church of England, and are

natural. There has been not a little Presbyterians, Roman Catholics, Wesley great "spiritual revival, which is re- the Deputy Chaplain -General, The

us, and the denominations represented ported to have occurred in the Army. by the United Board have together 460 Those here in the best position to judge chaplains here; and of these the Chief would like to discourage all such talk. is the Principal Chaplains, Dr. J. A.

Out here men undoubtedly see life in There may even be an occasional set. Simms, C.M.G.

large Among them are, for truer perspective and with back, but the daily progress that has been the first time with British forces, three vision. Small things have a tendency. GERMAN

achieved and the manner of its achieve Jews, who are held in high esteem by to assume their proper unimportance, ment prova that the initiative, as sol- their colleagues of other faiths. The and great and fundamental things come "BLUNDERING INEFFICIENCY.diers call it, has passed away from the Y.M.C.A. is not recognized by the home by their own. Inevitably the men of Central to the encircling Powers. As the authorities in its religious or donomi- the new armies are in the mass more As a fighting machine the German army grow weaker and the forces of the Allies ment for caring for the material com religious, awe than they were when they days roll on the reserves of the enemy national aspects, but only as an instru serious-minded and more disposed to has not lived up to its reputation, sa grow stronger upon every battle front. The New York Outlook. What would have happened if the Allies had been pre-sacrifice of so many gallant lives in s

"Those whose hearts quail before the fever, are overniY.M.C.A. chaplains,'

fort of the men. From Canada, how were at home amid the trivial familiar pared for war?. Outnumbered as they noble a cause as that for which we are

things. But few chaplain here would were, lacking ammunition, short of big fighting should burn their maps and re- good to know that the utmost gond inaccurate to go to the other extreme as well as one Balvation Army chaplain. care to represent that as evidence of a Buns, and with only green reserves to member that the great decisive battles

With all this mixture of creeds, it is great spiritual revival. It would be as

they make and are still making! take the field, what a wonderful showing the world have been won upon helds that fellowship and comradeship prevails and call it merely the cowardice which

of ruen of £ity years ago in this Nation from a neighbouring hill-top look no Among the chaplains of the different prompts the Devil to be a saint when he remember how long it took the North to bigger than a grass park.”

Churches. Every Church of England reis sick and fears to die. It is mersity raise a fighting army and discover win

presentative to whom one speaks testifies that in the presence of such conditions nature are stirred, and he inevitably heartily to the helpfulness of his col-as prevail here the deops of a man's showing of the Allies in defending them. selves from an enemy that was armed to

verta; and the tendency of the men to becomes spiritually and emotionally. the teeth! Germany expected to win the

DEFENCE OF FOREIGN POLICY.mingle at voluntary services (not as more responsive. Even so, it is all to war a year ago.. The idea was magni- ficent, but it failed. In spite of its pre-

parado services) is general and in- the good. The men, however far any President Wilson accepted renoming creasing.

individual may be from an abrupt paredness, the rauch boasted German tiun as Democratic candidato for the

"conversion," will all be the better, for army is really being held at bay by na-Presidency last month, and in a specch

it. And when the men come home better tions who at the beginning of the conflict vigorously defending bia foreign poli were not prepared for war.

A fine story is told of how, after a

than they came out, the padre must be If an cics, said:-- amateur boxer can obtain an even draw

certain bitter fight, the Church of Eug-given much of the credit.

Not a few clergymen who had joined no longer indulge in our land and Presbyterian chaplains went against a much-heralded champion, who traditional provincialism. at the ringside would call the encounter play a leading part in the world drama, not only hard, but dangerous, work, for how much good the chaplains did applied We are to out together to bury the dead. It was the Army, after they came out and saw a victory for efficiency?:

whether we wish it or not. What has Germany accomplished by lend, not borrow; act for ourselves, not an enemy machine-gun was playing unbe transferred to the combatant ranks. We shall as they dug they were sniped at, and to be made Army chaplains Conversely, her policy of "frightfulness" Undoubt-mitate or follow; organize and initiate, comfortably near.

several Army chaplains have applied to edly she has gained many miles of nut poep about to see where we may get renches by the use of poisonous gas, in.

The work done by the chaplains When the work was done and it came differs widely. With a hospital or field Without question liquid fire has accom- Justifying

to the Presbyterian's time to read the arabulanos it will obviously be different plished like results. Perhaps the bura European belligerents, the President de so, knowing well the stern quality of and a brigade in the trenches is another tho negotiations with service, dawn was none too far away, from that with a brigade in the field; of Louvain was a lesson the worldclared that property rights might be his Scottish companien, the Church of thing from a brigade in reserve. will never forget. Much destruction has varid they chiny for damages, but his coming ventured to say to tached to a suit in the trenches a

sional chance shot having

from the use of Zeppelins, an

destroyed a not 20. the fundamental rights of soldier's life, wrecked a railway, or hit humanity. Loss of life was irreparable. him, "Now, brother, 1. hope you will chaplain may have a

munition factory. But from a military Neither could direct violation of a

**parish" with not make it longer than is necessary.” three or four miles of front and a depth point of view the results cannot be said nation's sovereignty await vindication in The Scotsman turned to him in the of 10 miles. to justify the means. The Lusitania was suits for damages. Based on these prin- dark end said, Brother, we have been Apart from the individual work, * splendid prize, and the destruction of eiples his diplomatie record was clear long time digging this grave, and not already spoken of, in the trenches, the much ammunition (1) had a value. But and consistent throughout. will not the ory of horror which escaped distinct and definite for anyone to judge hurry with the service over it.”

I stood all the Germans on earth will make me chaplain's best feld is in the billets, the lips of the civilized world forever off-who wished to know about it.

where it is possible to get to know men advantage gained by such a every

And he did not hurry, but did his when, if the chaplain deserves it, they on a friendly and informal footing, frightful policy? Of course, if might is said that he had neither sought the usual. Fortunately no bullet found them, dence. For all chaplains are not equally Of German sympathizers the President full duty even more deliberately than right, then the more terrible the might, favour nor feared the displeasure of and both afterwards received the Mili-adapted to Army work. Some find the are very ready to give him their confi the more glorious the right. But on the that small alien element which put tary Cross. grounds of efficiency alone such a policy loyalty to a foreign Power before loyalty is calculated to kill the goose that lays to the United States. / the golden egg. The world has progress- ed too far for such a policy to succeed.

A large part of the address was in ship and has sadly failed at the very door along the well-known lines which he has Germany has sought for world leader-defence of the President's Mexican policy af success. Had her leadership been for previously adopted. He was more in goodwill and international co-operation, terested, he said, in the fortune of the she could have played her part, and oppressed men and pitiful women and played it well- But she naked for the children in Mexico than in any pro throne of Hannibal and Caesar; and inperty rights whatever. her blundering inefficiency she did not realize that those thrones are reserved for the dead. She has borne and trained

ning generale Think, then, of the superb MR. WILSON RENOMINATED, leagues of other denominations, and vice

set

Czn

PERSECUTED ARMENIANS,

her children, not for life. bat for death on the fields of battle. For generations

er people will be loaded with huge war Arabia, in a despatch, describes the awful debts, and because of her militarism all sufferings of the Armenians at Meskene. A Presbyterian missionary in Northern

the world will have to carry a share of He states: the staggering lood.

BURYING THE DEAD UNDER FIRE.

At

To

atmosphere difficult and sterile. The burying of the dead, often under others it is congenial, and they rejoice fire, and the marking and recording the to feel that they are doing more than the front have to perform. In the official haps, the quality most needed is that position of graves are only a part of they ever did in their lives. It is a the dangerous duties which chaplains at matter of the individual, in whoms, per account of the deed by which Mr. Mellish form of tect which enables him to be a of carrying the wounded back and derogating from the dignity of his call- won the V.C. it is said that his work good fellow among the men without dressing their wounds under fire was ing. It has been abundantly proved "quite voluntary on his part and out that, while the British soldier wants his side the scope of his ordinary duties. pataon, and the chaplain who forgets his It is far from being the only caso where parson to be a men and a comrade, he in chaplains have done similar acts, if insists above all on his being still a portunity for showing courage on so friendly with the men finds only that splendid a scale. at under conditions which gave op cloth in the endeavour to become more

he has killed his usefulness.

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saw women and children- In the trenches the chaplains are, of A certain amount of elimination has throw themselves in trenches, and beg the course, constantly exposed to the same been necessary among the chaplains, and grave diggers to bury them. The danger as the men. The opportunities will go on, but, on the whole, the testi- Armenians hero have ne bread. In tents for holding service before action are loss mony of all grades from commanding M. Julliot, the builder of the Leat Hama I saw 7,000 deported. Armenians, now than they were in the days of officers down is that the chaplains now Baudy dirigibles, is sceptical as to the 3,000 of whom are naked, and they are pitched battles.

living on locusts and dogs,

Actions, too, often here are in the mass excellent and are value of the super-Zeppelins, Ho says dig graves while awaiting death. I often vious warning, and, even where the In return the best of the chaplains The men begin, on the enemy's part, without pre- wielding an enormous influence for good. that only when the fuel is largely used saw whole rows of ghastly forms rise out attack is initiated by us, it is not always freely confess that they in their turn un, and the projectiles discharged, can of the graves and beg for bread and possible to hold formal service. It re- learn much from the men, and it is in hey reach a height out of reach of water. The number starving at Hama,

tillery M. Julliot estimates that out Rekka, and Aleskene exceed 30,000, an mains for the chaplain to do all that of 130 Zeppelins 30, have been destroyed cases are reported of men fighting over and 25 lost in neutral countries, in the the bodies of the dying in order to obtain Baltic, and in Germany.

their flesh for food.

the official report of a chaplain who has the trenches, and it is in auch work at the declaration that much su upright he can individually, man to man, in a large knowledge of men that I find body of men as our present Armies never (Continued at foot of next Column.): tock the Beld in the world's history."

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