1916-10-11 — Page 6

GERMAN ARMY : METHODS. MASTERLY ORGANIZATION.

[BY PHILIP GIBBS,]

There is no doubt at all that as a fight inbows his business thoroughly, and man the German, writes Mr. Philip perforite to with grout skill, courage, and discipline. He has had the advantage of us in an enormous reserve of highly-train ed officers and non-commissioned officers, and although the advantage is rapidly. disappearing, because after two years of war we are getting large numbers of the same class of men and he is losing and has lost a great mass of them by death and wounds, to still has, I imagine, more hand to the end of the war (for he

enough for his needs. in careful to keep his best brains out of danger), he can call-upen a great store di professional and scientific knowledge to direct the murchinery of this business of destruction and defence, and to organise the lives of his machine made

men..

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 11mm 1916.

AN AMAZON IN EAST AFRICA THE RESOURCES OF INDIA.

GERMAN LEADER OF SAVAGES,

The Gorman East African campaign has already produced some of the most. sensational episodes of the war,

A sensation of which much more will he heard is the appearance in the Kilime Njoro region of a German virago, who is leading a force of native troops without the assistance of any other European.

In the region of the Mountains of the Moon this desperate woman waged a savage guerilla warfare against our forces, and thrilling stories are told of the strange, wild life which she and her black followers led

Among the fighting forces and residents in British East Africa this white Amadon is known as the Bibi Sacharini, a name which has been given her by the natives In the Swahili language, which the natives of the many tribes in this district understand. Bibi means wife, and Sacha rini is probably the Swahili spelling of the name of this remarkable woman's husband, s

HOW THEY HAVE BEEN EXPLOIT-

ED BY THE GERMANS.

Sir Roper Lothbridge writes to tho Times on the apathy with which in the past we have permitted Germany to ob tain the control even in our own Colonies and Dependencies, of the raw material

But tungsten is only one of the many forms of raw material of important in dustries of which India possesses, almost unlimited supplies BASAVIN

COURT OF NATIONS TOR ENEMY MALEFACTORS.

MR. BECK'S SUGGESTION,

NEUTRALS AND PEACE TERMS.

On the evo of his departure for America the Hon. James Montgomery Beek, former Assistant Attorney-General to the United States and the nuthor of The Evidence in the Case," stated in sotto of our most vitally important an interview which give to the Daily with TC the spirit of absolute bey-industries. As a case in point in Telegraph India, reference was made to the notori carry ous foot that the vast deposits of wol confidence in the ultimate and not distant framite which were discovered in Tavoy triumph of the Allies, of which I have officers of our Indian Geological Survey so many striking evidences. If I were asked to state the two most impressive —and which now Furnish the greater things I saw I would answer, The part of the tungsten that is used in the British Fleet and the defenders of alcel manufactures for munitions of Verdun. war were allowed to pass into German Before I came I believed, from many hands until the war opened the eyes of sources of information, that Germany's our British authorities to the folly of internal resources were suffering a slow sach-supine indifference.

but unmistakable disintegration, and that the war would end in that way; but I am not sure now that the extraordinary military power of Germany may not sud- The Askaris, the native soldiers fighting

denly collapse through impaired moralo with the British force, and also the

When the Geological Survey of India and deficiency in munitions. Such was natives who have been fighting for the

was under the direction of Mr. Holland, the evidently sincere belief of those on Germans and taken prisoners, well F.R.Snow Bir Thomas Hollands the the English and French, fronts whom I ing stories of the exploits of this white eminent geologist and mineralogist, who was able to see, and who had greater woman fighter,

The nativa story is that she is the wife has been happily chosen by the Secretary facilities for observation than any civilian

German commandant who was killed of State for the chairmanship of the could possibly have in the fight which took place at Longido committee recently appointed to inquire. Apart from the physical side of war, on September 25th, 1914, to into the possibilities of the expansion of the two most interesting and suggestive The official account of this fight des- Indian industries he pointed out the tendencies which I noted in discussing the war with the publicists in England and Europeans and 150 natives, with two Indian manufacture of ferro-tungsten. maxim guns, attacked a body of the East and ferro-manganese, both being practi- one hand, that no peace should be con- African Mounted Rifles (C Squadron), cally essential factors in the production cluded with the Hohenzollern dynasty only 30 in number, commanded by Capt. of the various forms of steel needed for and, on the other that no terms of peace would be accepted which did not carry Chapmi

munitions, And just as Burma esa pro with it the right to exact suitable repa After one hour's severe fighting in vide the tungsten supply of the whole ration from those individuals who have enemy were world, so the Contral Provinces and grosaly violated the rules of war and the But the German High Command is thick bush country the

Their Mysore can provide all the manganese proprieties of civilised life, careful of the lives of its-men-until-the-repulsed, and retired hastily. day comes when they have to be flung casualties were 33, including overal ore. In 1903-4 Sir Thomas Holland start-

Europeans. ruthlessly forward, in wave after wave,

Allies.

It was after this encounter that the of the systematic investigation of the In- against the gun of the Ave described the natives bogan bringing in stories, of the dian production of manganese, and in spaciousness and the depth and comfort doings of the Bibi Sacharini,

1906, as Sir George Watt informs us in They said that she was so grief stricken Commerical Products of India," "India took the first place among over the death of her husband that she . 762, had openly declared to be revenged, and the manganese producing countries of the had sworn that she would not only wage world. And for the purposes of the pre war on the British, bat would make it sent war it is important to note that, particularly hot for any British officer as Indie possesses nearly a monopoly of to fall into tungsten, so India and Russia between

of

NURSING THE "MORAL." In minute detail of organisation and in a driving industry behind it the Ger- man High Command is masterly, and there is not a soldier in the Kaiser's aries who is not well-equipped (down to the "housewife full of pins and. needles, cotton, buttons, and thread: which he carries in his pouch) and wellfed, unless our guns do not permit his supplies to come up.

Enormous attention is paid, as I will show lates, to the moral of the men, by cribed how a German force of about 35 great 'mportance of encouraging the Franco were the growing feeling, on the organising concerts, religions services, and beer-parties behind the lines, so that they shall be kept cheerful until they die, and the news of the world, as we all know, is specially edited for them with, that point of view in mind,

of the German dug-outs. That is part of the system of life-saving, and the divi sional Commanders set their men to work and keep them at work in a way which our men would call slave-driving.

I have described those at Montauban

after their capture and after the bomber hands,

CRIMINAL LIABILITY" "It is surprising

and Fricourt as I saw them immediately who was unfortunate eno them possess nearly a monopoly of manga-suggestion that, when the war is ended, bardment which caumpled up all the Tho natives, who spoke of her nese ore these the only valuable fo

As a mad woman, said that her

trenches about them, but loft them, for the most part, solid and untouched.

At Cvillers they are even more elabor ate, some of them having six or eight rooms communicating with each other, and two separate storeya-rooms as large as 15 feet by 30 feet, furnished with spring beds, carpets, washing arrange ments with water laid on, electric light, tapestries to keep out the draughts, and other luxuries. One of the dug-outs at Ovillers has nice entrances, with beds for 110 men, 30 feet below the surface, and with a cook house containing three big boilers.

open.

· TOLL OF OUR QUNS.

it.

anger was particularly concentrated against the King's African Rifles, in a skirmish with which force her husband had been slightly wounded, and the East African Mounted Rifles,

Whatever truth there may be in this, there is no doubt that on many occasions the Bibi Sacharini was in close touch with patrols of both of these forces, shots being frequently exchanged.

thoughtful and just that many whether this principle of personal guild should not be visited upon the oppressive acts of ruthless soldiers who noted for a nation. But the task of ascertaining the principles of such criminal liability and the facts in each ense in a stupendous war of this character secans to me to pre- sent appalling dificulties. I venture the

the Allied, autions should select five dis- Nor are these the only valuable raw tinguished jurists, and that four neutral Holland, Switzerland, materials, oven for one industry of nations say, munitions, that India can provide in Spain, and the United States should almost unlimited quantities. The vast each be asked to name a jurist, and that deposits of copper pyrites that exist in the body thus formed should consider India can provide any amount both of primarily what offences of the Central copper and of sulphuric acid; in the year Powers are of such a heinons character 1898 Germany produced 754,151 tons of as to justify post-bellum punitive setion sulphuric acid from iron pyrites, and against the individuals, and under what very hearly the whole of this immense circumstances and in what manner anch quantity was retained for the German punitive measures could be taken. These principles should be as generous as pos chemical industry.

So with aluminium, the metal that is able to the vanquished and should be con- now so infinitely precious for the manu-sistent with the highest intercats of aivili- facture of aircraft of all kinds. The sation, which imperatively require that Indian geological officers have pointed the spirit of generosity to the vanquished, out that the immense deposits of rusky as individuals, should be observed lest coloured Interite which cover wide areas civilisation should retrograde to the in India and Burma are practically barbarity of those former ages when the identical with the bauxite of Les vanished were pitilessly punished Lin Baus, now the chief source of aluminium. coln's immortal phrase, With malice to And yet nearly up to the time of the wards none and with charity for all,' may outbreak of the war, India was buying well be remembered in this connection. No from Germany the aluminium she re-instance in the war more strikingly quired for certain crafts, though Mr. raises the question thus indicated than Chatterton, C.I.E., now the Director of the sinking of the Lusitania, which was a the Commerce and Industries Depart deliberate and wanton sacrifice of non- ment of Mysore, about the year 1901, combatants, and especially of women and established in Madrasa floarishing children. To condone this would be a aluminium factory that ought to have lasting mischief to the best interests of been the pioneer of a great Indian in human society, and the responsibility of dustry if only the Government of India what we call in America the man higher had not been terrified by the bogey of upis in this case perfectly clear. "Protection."

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In the early days of the East African campaign, before and even after the arrival of the Indian troops, in Nov ember, 1914, there was a great deal of But it is not only in the trenches and guerilla Gghting, and on both sides there in places like Ovillers that the Germans were retirements before superior forces.

The Bibi Sachsrini was seen on several dig so industriously. Far behind their lines, sherover our long-range guns can occasions, her force varying from 100 to marios from 100 to reach them, they have these elaborato 200 natives. subteranean shelters, deeper and stronger Through glasses many officers of the than most of ours, and with much greater British forces have seen this white woman accommodation. It means incessant work commander in her kraal, surrounded by in addition to all the work which keeps, blacks. Never since the Longido fight has our own saldiers busy night and day. she been seen in the company of a

European.A But it is work that saves lives, and the She is described as a big woman with She rides astride and is Germans do not begrudge it and have no finxen kir. special pride in taking risks. That is armed to the teeth. She seems to have a over her natives good generalship, and good saldiering. wonderful control But it does not save them. Some of our followers, and is a strategic fighter of the officers are apt to imagine-I confess it De Wet type, never showing fight in face was in my own imagination for a time of superior forces, but generally putting

There are suggestions, and by no NETH. that the German was so sung in these bur-up a retreating fight. Pursuit in such rows of his that our bombardments in thick bush country as she selected in So, too, with saltpetre, nitre, or potas-means conclusions, for the whole question Rormal times without infantry attacks the early days of the war was almost outsium nitrate, as a raw material of high seems to me to be one of the most pre-i to follow, did not cause him many of the question, sexplosives. During the period of the plexing that was ever offered to publicists

The Askaris tell wonderful stores of American Civil War, 1850-64, India had and jurists of the world. All that I casualties

The truth is that continuous artillery the Bibi Bacharini's prowess with the almost the monopoly of the supply of tended to note was the growing feeling, fire like ours has been, is frightfully gun. She has the reputation of never what was at that time regarded as an which I have observed both in England and France, that this great question shall destructive of human life and that no missing anything on which she can pull a essential constituent of explosives.

Raw cotton is the raw material, not the decided in favour of punitive action trigger. amount of digging will safeguard Transport must move along the roads. As she has sworn never to be taken only of the greatest textile industry the tendency je unmistakable, and if Men must go up communication trenches, alive the problem as to what will happen the world, but also of certain high ex-seems to me most important that the Working partics must come out into the to this white Amazon may never have to plosives; and Professor Todd, of the publicists and jurists of the world should be solved when General-Smuts completes Lahore University, in the interesting and give prompt and careful consideration to During all the time that our artillery his rounding up of this rich German thoughtful article contributed by him to the great moral problems involved." has been increasing its weight of metal colony; but residents in British East the July number of the Times Trude and the number of rounds fired the Ger- Africa are anxiously discussing what will Supplement, has taught as to look to India for that enormous supply of raw mans, therefore, have been suffering great happen to her should she be captured.

cotton which will be required by the insses, and the strain upon the nerves

world's demand in the near future Pro- and moral of the man has been severe.

Amrica's apathy is the face of sub- fessor Todd-shows that at present the Indian production of raw cotton is only marine slaughter of her citizens, and the a poor second to that of the United deliberate Germano-Austrian organisa States, being 5,000,000 bales to the tion of the hyphenates against the American 15,000,000. But the arca al-

Government in any attempt to induce under cotton in India is immense the Central Powers to observe inter

national to The Petrograd correspondent of the doubtedly capable of absolutely inde G. Fitzgerald in The Nineteenth Cen Morning Post, who has becar at the front, faite extension under irrigation. His turn, to the fact that there is really no reports that the Germans are using Highness the Jam of Nawanager-per- American nation. There is a vast and seroplanes very largely in the Finsk haps better known in Europe as

Ranji,

virgin continent, sparsely peopled by a of Poziers.

18 very the famous cricketer has instituted in hundred millions, of whom one in ten is They contained ether and opium in marshlands, whore progress

bis State in Kathiawar, Bombay, some person of colour, and the rest a weller difficult. sufficient quantity to intoxicate the

Twice, daily, morning and evening interesting experiments in the cultivation of all Europe, with a leaven of Asia, strongest man, In the German ominio fotiline working together like fleets at of cotton with the view to an increase in from Syria to China and Japan. There it is good stuff before a counter-attack.

German organisation is remarkably sea, swoop down upon this difficult the length of the staple, so as to adapt it is an abnormal admixture of Jewe in good. It does not neglect the spiritual region, and, enjoying comparative im to the requirements of the Lancashire New York City alone 800 000 These have or the physical side of their soldiers. It munity from artillery fire, and therefore mills. Indis and Egypt in the near astonishing power in the Press, as well provides them with song books and flying lower than is customary nowadays future ought to be able to provide the

as in commerce and finance. A million prayer-books, as well as with food and at the front, they do considerable raw cotton needed by the British Empire and a half of immigrants a year flowed execution. This execution, to, no small India is also one of the largest pro It has never revealed a shortage of extent, is due to a new form of ducers in the world of raw hides and into the States before the war. The mea shells Its gunners are full of scorn and acroplane bomb, which is exceptionally skins necessary for the leather equipment of the States are immersed in business- wonderfully quick to get on to their tar efficient. It is an Austrian production of modern armies, and of the Indian not solely because they worship the gets when the infantry calls for help by and it is, I believe, the first contribution production of these commoditica at the dollar for its own sake, but they lova sending up signals of distress.

of Austrian inventiveness to the time of the outbreak of the war Germany the game," the ceascles collision of In all the mechanics of war and in the machinery of this war and Austrin Hungary between nevet: "business" is almost as fertile of Austria-Hungary them had wits, with craft and counter-craft. And fine art of keeping up the pride of men Its main feature is a heavy rubber the German war lords and high officers base, in which e detonator is embedded has publicly pointed out that very nearly" casualties" as the Great War The all the great firms of Calcutta exporters New York American says" each year show real genius. But they cannot bring But, principally, its effectiveness is due of raw hides and skins were then Ger over 525,000 persons are killed or injured dead men to life nor hide the agonies of all their wounded, nor blink the fact that to the fact that the explosion radiutes man or Austrian merchants,

So, too, with oil-seeds, copra, and other our industries. With its vast heter- ogeneous population. America is too British troops have broken their line and from the centre laterally and not up- hammered them with terrific blows and wards. Anywhere above a man's average raw materials for the production of oil, much concerned with its own problems reached out far with long-range guns to stature there is comparative safety, even margarine, and other fully substances, to concern itself greatly with what it in close proximity to a bomb, In the and feeding cake, the immense yield of considers the problems of Europe, sad destroy them behind their lines.

spass below that height, for a distance India has been largely monopolised by the policy of Keep Out" is congenial, not only to the "hyphenates," but to: of twenty or thirty yards around, death the German Fowers,

other sections which count in elections.

To give their men courage, in hours when these German soldiers, who are brave men, might well give way to terror, the German chemists have manufactured tabloids which drug them with a kind of frenzy. There is no doubt of this, which sometimes I have doubted, because many. of these drugs were found by a friend of uine the medical officer of the Kentish men who helped to take the trenches north

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That is a confession of deep apprehen-

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They live in many ruins as bad as Ypres-French rains, alas--and I know or multilation is almost certain. The I have no space here to deal with the that, on the eve of our great attack, all effect of a rain of these new bonus raw materials of other industries than instructions were prepared for a general from an aeroplane fotille upon an ares that of munitions, such as jute and lac- retreat, with every detail ready in case where dug-outs are impossible defies the in both of which India possesses a mono-

poly practically complete. Now our immensely important commodities of our troops should break through on a imagination.

Government has consented to them which I have here written with exemp wide front.

position of a substantial export duty onion for exports to other parts of the the export of palm-kernels (almost iden British Empire, and suitable rebates for cal with the India copra) from our exports our Allies there would be Possessions in West Africa. If a similar some chance of our preventing the Ger- export duty were imposed by the Indian mans from returning after the war to Government on the export of some of the their old predominance in Indian com-

(Continued at foot of next Column.) merce-Rangoon Gazette.

sion It shows that they are envisaging his troops a courage which we must not defeat and preparing for it-wisely belittle, for it is great men are thinking enough-in of need. enough in comines, in spite of gloomily and wondering when all the the haters gratitude for the courage of agony of this great war which holds no victory for Germany, will have an ending, (Continued at foot of next Column.) after all their blood and all their tears.

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