1916-08-29 — Page 7

THE HONGKONG DAILY FRESS, TUESDAY, AUGUST, 29cm, 1916,

BRITISH TRADE INTERESTS. BRITISH AND GERMANS ATĮ GERMANY'S PEACE TERMS.

EXPERT EVIDENCE.

The evidence covers a wide field of in dustry, as may be judged from the list of trades on which evidence was taken This hibreves paper, stationery, jewel fers and silversmiths, cutlery, fancy lea ther goods, brushes, toys, other than mechanical, table and fighting glass, ching and earthenware, mechancial toys, appuratus, glass priming, electrical battles, and flint and laboratory ware This is sufficiently comprehensive, it will Le admitted, to be taken as representa tive of British manufacturing interests

GRIPS. A HUNGARIAN'S VISIT TO THE .

SOMME.

THREE PHASES AND THE FOURTH

her

1.

If a man

BRUSILOFF. RUSSIA'S GREAT GENERAL

[HY HAMILTON KITE.] The difference between peace panties:

Were King, Emperor, or Sovereign: 11*any additional evidence were re

A Hungarian war correspondent with and war parties in Germany always re- quired of the necessity for safeguarding the German Headquarters on the Somme minds me of the difference between the People, I would have no generals in my British trade interests after the war, says describes the events in that quarter in penitent and the impenitent thief, and service older than forty-five.

the Pesti Naplo in a

message dealing doubt whether the penitence of the penits not capable of commanding as army The Globe, it is to be found in abundance chiefly with the German effort to with ent is attributable to any more laudable at that age, he never will be. After that in the summaries of the evidence taken stand the onslaught of the Allies. It motive than a growing fear of consage he loses more and more every year was," he says, a most difficult task,quences, says Francis Gribble in the the energy, the enterprise, the desire 10 be up and doing, not waiting to see what by a ath-committer of the Advisory Comfor the vchemence of the artillery fire Evening Standard. Be that as it the other aile intends; all the qualities

un however, the numbers of the penitent are over since the offensive began was

Yet to this rule I would make an excep- mitles of the Board of Trade, and recent-

exampled in this war: I have seen and obviously increasing, and the talk about which are so necessary in war.

new i is published as a White Paper. The con- spoken to men who have withatood the peace is consequently assuming fusions renched by expert witness are first seven days of the English bombard tone. The changes which occur in that tion, and it would be in favour of Gea- overwhelmingly in favour of tariffs toment when every trench and every positone from day to day may be to slight feral Alexis Brusiloff. Never did anyone tion were blown flat, and when no hid to be noticeable, but a careful retroperillustrate more aptly the truth of the prevent dumping, and conviction is going place was secure enough, and these tive survey shows a developing attitude saying that a man is as old

How they which has passed through three distinge, feels. General Brusiloff is sixty three, only two years younger than Gon- uishable phases. Three different kinds of firm on this aspect of the question on could stand it still.

managed to do so is a mystery, for they that substantial import duties varying themselves say that no bird or animal peace have been proposed, each with its ral Ivanoff, whom it exceeded recently south-western front. In everything but frog 1 to 3 per cent, are suggested, in ven underground could have stood the appropriate epithet--a victorious peace, in the chief command upon Russin's strain." Continuing, the correspondent an honourable peace, a reasonable peser

The victorious prace is the only one of fact there is twenty years' difference be his views. some cases for a term of yoñes, but usual-says, that after these men had reached

the base again, after their seven days of which the terms have been precisely tween the two men, Ivanoff is big, slows I formulated by persons speaking with moving old fashioned in

Brusiloff is spare, alert, modern. As 15. without such Finitation. It is imi suffering many of them whom were

Those terms, originally en

sat and talked to him in the hare room purtant to notice, in this connection, young-looking and brown or fair a week authority,

from which he directs the operations of before had now grey hairs. They looked bodied in the confidential memorandum that in several instances prohibitive old and miserable, exhausted like miners presented to the Chancellor hy six great

one of the three groups into which the who were rescued after being buried alive industrial associations in May of Inst

year, have since been set forth in pamph Russian armies are divided, I felt at ange duties are proposed,

The German soldier, according to this lets. They inclule the annexation of that his mind worked quickly, that he is many thousand feet under the earth,

for never-reasing“ pasir and go," that he Is first, fast, aut all the time a man of correspondent, carries out his orders to Belgium, of. the industrial districts of

action. the last, and many a time during these the North and East of France, of the

His face tells this. Dark, steady. eight days of immense sufferings they Briey mining district, and of the for- showed fine discipline. Many of the mentress of Longwy, Verdun, and Belfort. who have fallen victims to the English It was also a part of the programme to searching eyes and a nose with a high, commanding curved bridge give him the look of an exgle. No pale cast of thought and French attacks died quite willingly, confiscate private property in the annex

here. No student or, professor, this

When In some cases the orders were given toed regions, and to expel the owners of

completely master in

Firm chin, vigorous jaw-line, this in begins a task he will carry it some men with the machine-guns, after that property, in order that Germany the others had to withdraw owing to the might be

through to the end, as he carried his Car- These artillery fire, to work their guns when the stolen honse. attacking party approached.

That is the programine which the Chau-pathians campaign. It was be who over- rame all the difficulties of that surprising. men were all volunteers for the work, and they realized the nature of their cellor expressly repudiated the other day sacrifice. They swore oaths that they in the Vorddeutscher Allgemeine Zeitung. adventure. Spite of winter, spite of deep till he had won the whole ridge of the would not abandon the machine-gun until It was, of course, only feasible on the snows, and terrible coid, he pushed on the last, sonic had themselves tied to the assumption that Germany was going to

mountains and was ready to push his win hands down," and would be in a As that

Troops down into Hungary. gun before their comrades left so as to

No fault of his that the efforts and the be sure they would resist the temptation position to dictate her terms.

He has his A whole assumption was gradually seen to be to escape or to surrender,'

and shadowy, the talk victories naught araued us.

place

in history.. He has made new Never It is instructive to observe some of the column is devoted to the heroic deeds of rather renite

and record in the annals of war. recommendations in detail. With regard the Gemian soldier and another to the about dictating a victorious peace was

before I believe, has an army taken dash and cheerfulness of the English, left to fanatics like Bassermann to paper manufacture, for example, we

who are described as "the most respected Reventlow, while men of sense suggested prisoriers to the number of twice its own that an honourable peace might be con- find his plain statement ;---

Eglsh manufacturers have no objec-enemies of the German soldier to-day."

As regards the advance itself, the Hun-cluded as the result of a square deal, if strength. General Brasiloff's army aver tion to meeting prices based on the cost garian correspondent does not lock upon only the enemies of Germany would take aged about 180,000,

100,000 He captured in all 360,000 of production, but they object to a price it with the eyes of his German colleagues, the first conciliatory step. That was the 200,000. At times it dropped as low as

stage at which the Chancellor invited his who describe it as a minor result com

Germans and Austinus, with 400 guns. I which is artificially less than the cost of

and sacrifices enemies to look at the war map'; and it-

And how many machine guns? production. To render the trade safe pared with the efforts against dumping, an import duty of 15 made. He characterizes the Allied offen- may be said to have lasted until his

replied. sive as a slow but persistent push," enemies had made it quite clear, to him asked him. "I forget, Thousands," he Per cent, would be desirable.

first, and talk about it afterwards. What There is no hesitation as to the means carried out with as little risk as possible that their idea was to niter the war unp to be employed to safeguard the industry.under the circumstances, and resembling he was then prepared to give up, and An import duty of a substantial ebaracter the Geman policy at Verdun of a sys

imposed. The evidence shows tematic, slow but sure advance, with the what he was still determined to insist much matter. His hints, in fact, have that the trade sees the remedy clearly, exhaustion of the enemy as the real upon, is uncertain, and does not much objective. "The question is," be con

varied from time to time, though he has and does not regard a tariff as "anti-

which of the two will be ex- Linues, quated machinery."

bausted first. The English are in a posi-been consistent in always wanting the tion now to throw in their main forces, consisting of an intact army of millions, of which they cannot employ more at a tinio than 20 to 25 Divisions, and which they can reinforce by their existing and newly-trained units for another two

deletion by the Censor, and then the grow time passes. Here follows & article continues: "Whatever be the art case, the German Army stands to-day before the most gigantic task it has had to face during this war, and will have to show the world once again that it is as hard and tough to-day as it was at the time of its entry into France."

as a whole,

SOME OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS.

Again we find recurring in the evidence the argument that something ust be done for the security of capital already invoted or to be invested when assured of an adequate vafoguard With repent to the jewellery trade, for instance, we

REPUDIATED BY THE CHANCELLOR.

It never exceeded

His success he attributes to the courage

of his troops and to the policy which he followed of never giving the enemy any cessful tactics lie in attack," he told me. rest. The best strategy and the most suc

Don't let the enemy choose where he ting him. Give him no rext." The gen will hit you - Hit him first; keep on hit- cral's close-cropped, stubbly hair seemed to bristle as he spoke. His longish but thin and little noticed grey moustache quivered. Yes, that is the way. Even if he is stronger, Always attack. attack Bim. Keep him guessing. Puzzle

read: "Boma protection should be afford years if their section of the line swot in the course of the next few days, falling him. Make him wonder what you are up

el a these who have invested capital in Capturing trade formerly in German The question of security crops bonde. up at noe.

large manufacturer, finding that his river trade had been almost stopped owing to the war, is making cheap orna ments, such as have hitherto been made in Austria-Hungary, of copper and soft etil. He has established certain na chinery, and would put down more, but as afraid that after the war the market will be flooded with foreign goods and that his machinery will be useless.

THE LAST OGREAT TASK.

As a matter of fact, they are far from being as hard and tough as they once A Hungarian gentleman who were. spent some weeks lately in Germany, and reached here a few days ago, tells quite different story. A few weeks ago, he into the toy trade we find that an-

says, the whole of Germany swarmed other element enters in addition to the with arw and ready troops, everywhere duping menace. This is the question one could see nothing but soldiers, the of cheap labour. "German manufactheatres and enfes were full of them, turers employ family or home labour whilst now they have disappeared, and Suratg to the very highest degree. only the wounded remain. Have they produce more cheaply then available en have been sent to the This is a danger to be pro-different fronts from the interior; men vid for in any legislation intended to can now no longer be shifted from one teal with the commercial situation after the wars What is the remedy proposed Here we have the Trade's view.

Apart from the technical skill re- qu're the only way of meeting German competition is to institute a tariff on all Logs imported, with a higher tarif on toys: produced wholly or in part by family or home labour.

pushing back of the Russian frontier, and certain undefined guarantees with regard to the future of Belgio.

Presumably his mind long has been. and still is, in a state of fux on the matter; we shall probably find him,

is now sitting, under the presidency of 10." into line with that committee, which 13 Prince Wedel, to hammer out the condi- tions of a reasonable pesce such as Ger many night agree to, under pressure, without too great humiliation or too bitter disappointment. What will those terms be?

PEACE AT ANY PRICE -

No one can say for certain, for the for tune for war may modify German ideas from day to day, but there have been mang indications telling us approximate ly-what to expect. The claim to annex territory will he dropped, and so will the claim to an indemnity. It is possible I think it is even probable--that Ger- many will offer a partial compensation to. Belgium, and a small territorial cession to France. The territory offered, however, will not be in Lorraine, where All the the mines are, but in the less valuable In return for them parts of Alsace; and those offers will not be unconditional, Germany will ask for certain priliveges with regard to ports, railways, carials, with egons houses, which will enable her to resume her policy of peaceful com- mercial penetration, and prepare for a

ten or twenty favourable auspices in years time.

But that means heavy losses!" "No, no, not if your attack succeeds.. Attacks which fail, like the German at- tacks at Verdan, are terribly expensive. only we had had munitions this time last But successful attacks cost very little. It

yen:

He shook his head regreti-. fully. He half-closed his eyes. He could see again the dim vista of the plains of Hungary, upon which he looked down

· He was from the Carpathian crests. thinking of what might have been.... futile But men of action du not give way to

regret, Now it is different," he said briskly. We have abundance of everything, as

We are you have seen for yourself. ready, and we shall be very glad when w

General Ivanoff was immensely popu- et orders to prove it." Jar in this south-west command, but charter, has already, I think, inspired General Brusiloff, by his record and his

In almost every way Guire confidence,

theatre to another. They had collected reserves within the country for an enter geney, and that emergency has arisen. trained ever since December last year, are now with the Colours, and the wound ed, whn were collected from hospitals, as well as those who were at hoine on leave as agricultural workers, have been called back to their units before they could begin their harvesting. In the patient, we shall see this third phasestepping-stone, and both reached them by

The buys of eighteen, who were being bid for the hegemony under more to the General Staff. In Russia, as in

That, I think, is what Germany will very soon beg us to regard as a reason- able prace: but there is no reason what- over why we should do so. If only we are

This is the argument of differentiationench prisoners have been given to the yield to a four:k-a. phase in which the hard, useful work

of the incidence of a tariff which we, says the Globe, have repeatedly urged imposing of an import duty must he with due regard to the circumstances, It is noticeable, moreover, that a prefer ence in favour of our Allies is mention ad, another proposition that we have supported time and again.

Finally, the Globe directs attention to the "uggestions of three industries-- lapen, fancy leather goods, and electri- apparatus that there should be stablished a Ministry of Commerce. This also we have advocated many times, it says.

The paper trade evidence con- tends that such a department, should commercial and not political lave brains" that the business interests of the country demand a distinct depart ment of the Government to deal with estions as they arise. It is altogether preposterous that important, even vital, matters affecting the commerce and in dustry of the country should depend on the whims and probably the ignorance of a mere party politician who may chance to have been pitchforked into the Board of Trade as a reward for party services. Instead of the Board of Tride being treated as a training school for Minis terial preferment t should at once be raised to the highest Cabinet rank. The

old ways are gone. We have henceforth

to follow new paths. Commerce and in- dustry are coming into their own as the sources of national prosperity.

It

"We are entering on a new age. is imperative that we should be armed at all points worthily to sustain our part as a great manufacturing and industrial community."

The views thus strongly expressed are Y shared by a large number of people. They are open to criticism, but reflect an increasingly strong opinion.

another 100,000 Russian and

farmers. The whole of German's man hunger and clamour of the populace will hood is employed today in the gigantic constrain the leaders of the people to task of keeping their gains in France admit that prace at any price will be and Russia, the last and greatest stroke better for Germany than the further pro- to be delivered by them, breaking thelongation of the war, enemies' strength for the last time."

A REASON FOR THE VERDUN

ATTACK.

THE IRON AND STEEL OF BRIEY.

the two men are curiously unlike. They have gly one thing in connnon: that they both belong to the Regular Army and not Continental armies, staff offt- other

from usually cers are separated. the very start of their career. As a rule they are given the high commands. Both Ivanoff and Brusiloff reached their posi tions without the aid of this valuable In every other Ivanoff, the son of a peasant-proprie. respect they are at opposite poles

He lives in the simplest all his life. tor has remained in essentials a peasant fashion. Prefers soldier's food to any other. Sleeps on a soldier's truckle-bed. When he was in command at Kieff and had a palace to live in he furnished very I need wrote:-"This slight enlargement would plainly three small rooms and lived in be enough, in fact, to turn upside down these, leaving the rest empty. from top to bottom the whole balance hardly add, after this, that lie is unmar of the old world. It would reduce all ried. He might have advanced himself continental Europe to vassalage under by marrying for and play his own hand. a rich wife. He preferred a protectorate of Germany, and would to be a put England and her empire in the Modesty he carries to an almost morbid greatest danger that she has run in all length. One of the censors on his staff her history.

told me he was quite angry because a newspaper telegram was passed praising his conduct of certain operations! A man accustomed all his life to working continually, he liked doing for himself many things which a commander-in-chief A self-made ought to make others do.. man, in short, with very fine qualities and character, but with the defects of his qualities appearing more plainly as age crept upon him.

Perhaps some explanation for the per- sistence with which the German forces have sought to take Verdun may be had when it is considered that the mainten- anca of the present Teuton line is vital "Now, if we understand that the ter- to the insurance of the great iron field ritory of Briey in French Lorraine con- in the baisin of Briey (says the Cable-tains, perhaps, the most colossal and the new American). It may be recalled that richest layers of iron in all Europe; that one German authority is quoted as saying Luxemburg, also, is very rich in iron; that in the French ferritory now occu- that if the production of pig iron and steel had not been doubled since August pied by the Germans near Belgium there 1914, the continuance of the war would are the richest mines of coal in France, of them being among the richest in have been impossible, and at present statistics show that the mineral of Briey the world, the conclusion is clear. is furnishing over 60 per cent, of the iron Germany could succeed in getting posses and steel used by Germany. The baisin sion of Belgium and Luxemburg and in of Briey, the guzateer informs us, lies swelling her boundary to the disadvant- between Verdun and Metz, and as long age of France the would be gaining pos

sone

If

as the foremost of the German trenches session of almost all the mines of fossil He is of good family, went to the Rus-

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General Brusiloff's career has been as

is almost the only one of the prominent different as possible from that of General Ivanoff; therefore his mind and tempera-social figures in the Army who has made He began in 1914 as the commander of ment have developed along different lines, good.

Soon he had an army can be pushed up against the defence of coal and iron in Europe. Exception sian Elon (the "Pages Corps "), and an army torpe Verdun, this great iron field is a distinct being made of Russia, she would have then began life in a fashionable cavalry under him, and his army did the most asset for the Teuton forces. Determina- almost a monopoly on the continent of regiment, Ability and influence combin brilliant work that has been done by any of the combatants. Now he has deserved- tion to hold this advantage may be a metallurgical industries."

ed to make his advancement rapid. He answer to the question why the Kaiser It has been suggested that the Germans held many good positions, was reckoned ly been promoted to a still higher com- and his advisers chose assault thie were eager to take Verdut because of its a favourite at Court, distinguished him-mand, and all who have worked with him as a daring rider. encouraged are sure that he will win further fame. French line in its strongest fortified historical significance; in 1843 a treaty self

He is so straightforward," one of his He and so direct, was signed there which marked the begin cavalry officers to go in for polo and The Philadelphia North American ning of Germany as a distinct nation cross-country streplechases, was popular offers told me,

ality. But whatever the weight given to in Petrograd society. Then came the war knows what he wants, and what he must bave." In bis mode of life he follows His in- quotes the Italian historian, Ferrera, za pointing out this consideration more than this consideration of sentiment, the to try out the capacity and characters of

fashionable sol- the habits of Western Europe. Most of the men. a year ago, when he suggested that in economic reasons pointed out probably

terests are those of cultivated people. He case of victory Germany would demand figure still more largely in the determina-diers went under very quickly. It was rectification of the frontier by including tion to decide the issue of the fighting the studious, strictly professional type of talks French like a Frenchman and says,

Heraged without cessation for so many officer which came to the front. Brusiloff he will learn English after the war. the Briey region in the empire.

(Continued on next Column.)

Daily Mail. weeks. (Continued on next Column.)

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