1916-05-24 — Page 7

THE WORLD AT WAR. COALITION CONTRASTS OF

1600 AND 1918,

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRES, WEDNESDAY, MAY 24TH 1916.

WHAT IS A BLOCKADE FOR:

NEUTRAL'S REPLY TO GERMAN WHIMPERING.

The publication by the Historical Assuming that Great Britain is maire Manuscripts Commission of letters from taining a genuine blockade against trade the Dropmore papers for the three years with Germany says the New York 1807-0 is particular interest at present, Journal of Commerce, and Beeking t first in that they throw more light on that make it effective, the cries against it that other Coalition Government which was are raised in Germany from official and misnamed the Ministry of All the unofficial sources have a feminine and Talents, and secondly in the circum- childish tone that seems unbecoming to stances of the time, writes Mr. A. Pthe Teutonic spirit. England's Nicholson in the Daily News and Leader.tion war on German women and chiva The volume is ably edited by Mr W is said to be the phrase of the bour in Fitzpatrick, who contributes an historical Germany The Review of Military

at Berlin sponks of the bun introduction,

Events Lord Grenville's brief:

ief Administration ger

ger war as the meanest and most most came into being after the Battle of Ans- inhuman of their means of war and Herlitz, and the death of Pitt, early in the purpose of "cutting us off still more 1800. Then, as now, the world was at thoroughly than ever from all imports war on a colossal scale. But the points is called a "devilish plan which will of difference between the Coalition Gov-shatter against the iron will of the prament of that day and that which we German nation The Lokal Anzeiger have bad for the last nine months are of calls it England's Murder Ideal," and more interest than any resemblance, speaks of it as our justification of the (March, 1607) through the opposition of it, this organ of German opinion says, George III to their Bill to enable Roman Catholi

lies to serve in the Armya strange make use of the U-bont in order that our quarrel, it seems to us in these days when women and children may not fall victims so many of our Roman Catholics are to death by starvation with which we are battlefields of the world

GERMAN CRUELTY TO PRISONERS

THE CASE OF PRIVATE TULLEY

In the House of Commons last month Captain Douglas Hall (Isle of Wight,

U

SHIP'S ESCAPE: FROM A SUBMARINE-

CAPTAIN'S PLUCKY FIGHT

The story of a

of a British merchant vessel's scenic from a German submarine which attacked her by gunfire without warning is told in the following report from Captain Alban Chittenden, master of the steamship Duendes who,

› - by - his judg ment, pluck, and skill, succeeded in sav ing his ship, though she was times by the onco shells as hit sing On Saturday, March 26th, at 5 pm, we observed a Benndinavian barque Tying hove to, distant about five miles,

under to the mast. In consultation with the two lower topsails with the main topsail chief officer, John Blacklock, we thought it very strange, fearing that a submarine might be lying on the other side of her so we kept a good look-out, keeping away two points from the barque. Our course was north 83 east, true, speed 10.5 1

At 5.40 p.m. we heard a shot, which ships length astern then

Enota

which indeed is hard to find. They fell submarine war on England. Against tially correct, but there is no record of dropped about founted submarine "we can only quietly repeat that we death. It appears from his staterne were on the starboard quar

lighting for King and country on the Teo unblushingly threatened use and could get TEENYRE ABC res, and open the ship out to the

A RECORD OF JAILURE

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naked the Tome Secretary whether Private A. C. Tolley, No. 14,671, Royal Marines, with 10 years service, died at the Barrack Hospital, Millbank, recently, weighing only bst, whether this man, Welt out to Antwerp weighing about list, and was there taken prisoner by the German was confined at Doberitz and, according to statements received, and finally sent back to England about was starved, ill-used, and knocked about, the middle of February in a dying con- dition to the Millbank Hospital, where he died within a fortnight of his recep to

Mr Herbert Samuel said. I have made inquiry and am informed that the statements in the question are substan-

Private Tulley's weight at the time that he was confined in the camp at ter at a distance of about three miles. Döberitz, and that after working in the We immediately astered the helm so to wet he had no means of drying his clothes bring the submarine right aft and vent e-men to the engine room to put all hands on were covered with

fever utmost. At the same time. I instructed In July, 2018, he got through going on daily fatigue duly, the Marconi operator to send out the getting wet through, and having no 5.0.8. signal, and giving the position change He was sent to hospital, and of the ship, etc., which he did, and seme after five weeks was convalescent, and was immediately picked up by a shore was sent to another camp called Dyret station after which the uron Opera NETH, INDIA, MANILA, HONGKONG & SAN FRANCISCO, the necessary force, by cutting off, sabut seven kilometres from Döberitz for sent out all pusations as the

He had to carry all his kit on the march, of the ship was changed. year It is directed against the hostile, and and broke down and was never well after ended in gloom. Notwithstanding some armed nation, as a military weapon of that. A litle later he was put into hos Colonial conquests of no very great im

the greatest potency. Its purpose has al-pital at Döberitz, where he had no treat portance, and Lord Cochrane's brilliant ways been recognized and to be effective, meat at all and had to depend upon an exploit at Basque Roads, its annals on it must be as complete as it can be made. English prisoner, one of the patients. the whole were a record of disastrous it is directed against the power of the They had no drugs. When ho arrived in failure and waste of resources abroad; of enemy nation, not against its army or this country he was in an advanced stage weakness, dissension, and scandalous cor its non combatant population especially, of consumption and extremely emaciated, ruption in the conduct of affairs at home: To talk about its being aimed at women, and he died in hospital a fortnight after of a tendency to decline in commerce and and children and being murder by star his arrival. The Medical Board, who re industry, which boded, ill for the imme-vation is little short of silly. The nation ported upon his condition, stated that it diate future; and of increasing discon at war is responsible for its own women war due to exposure and insufficient food tent in large sections of the population and children in such a ease. It has and clothing whilst a prisoner in Ger- throughout the three kingdoms. Never, either brought them into the perils that many (Cries of Shame!) perhaps before had the monarchy been come from such warfare or they have Tulley binselt stated that the conditions in greater need of a strong, wise, and been forced into them as one of the chances in the camp had much improved before comprehensive Governmen, which should of any war Siege and blockade are he left it, and other reports confirm this unite all its subjects in its defence,

not expected to be discriminating or This improvement seems to have resulted considerate. Any nation can save its from the efforts of the American Ambas women and children by succumbing to sador. There is no record of any other the pressure, or it can rely upon its iron prisoners of war released from Doberitz will to shatter the blockading force, Camp having died since their return to and let the women and children suffer, this country.

They were succeeded during the rest of the war by Tory Governments the frat under the Duke of Portland, and how mach success attended the Tory efforts, is indicated in Mr. Fitzpatrick's summary of the position at the close of

national point of

1809

LONG RECOGNIZED DEVICE Many more utterances in the same tone might be quoted. This raises the ques tion, what a blockade is supposed to be for. It has long been a recognised means of bringing pressure upon a nation at war, by any antagonist able to command

From view the plies as a means of bringing it to terma

The Coalition Ministry, at the opening of the Kest 1807, was, to outward seem ing, established. It had hitherto aur mounted the dangers and difficulties which begat it from the beginning, Kode- ration in pursuing its avowed policy of military and economical reform, and religious toleration; an evident desire to consult as far as possible his wishes and oven his prejudices and no doubt the presence of Lord Sidmouth in the Cabinet had to some extent at least, disarmed the fears and the dislikes of the King and baffled hostile influences immediately sur rounding him, which were used by a weak but unscrupulous Opposition to procure

its own return to office.

But there were elements of weakness. The mutual esteem and friendship be tween Fox and Grenville may be paral leled by the esteem which with closer knowledge and association appears to have developed between several of the Liberal and Unionist Ministers now sery ing together; and the patriotic detr mination among the great body of their followers to sacrifice individual partial ties and distrusts in order to unite the national forces against external peril, was a significant feature of the House of Commons during the first six months of the present Coalition, her this will be permanently altered by the so- called "ginger groups, aided by some newspaper cabals, remains to be seen,

It is not necessary to recall the his. tory of ather wars to remind us what blockade means and what it is intended to accomplish. It may perhaps be worth while to imagine what Germany would be likely to do with such a weapon if she were in a position to use it against her enemies. Her tenderness for their women and children may be readily in ferred from the experience a year ago of Belgium and a long strip of the terri tory of France. The outcry is also sug- gestive of what has been done and is still being dong by German submarines and their consideration for women and child rou. Th

That is loadly defended just now as a reprisal for the blockade and as a weapon of defence against it. But the blockade is used against an enemy nation and its people, and it affects nobody else directly No women and children are endangered by it except those for whose safety or whose peril that nation is responsible. It interferes with the trade of others and may cause then loss, Lor which reparation may be made it the trade was not intended to aid the block eded onemy; but it is not directed against the lives of citizens of nations which are

THE WITTENBERG CRIME.

LORD. CECIL ON DERMAN BRUTALITY

on

COUTBE

The submarine continued firing from the port and starboard quarters until 0.30 p.m., working us round to the north east and north in order to keep us in the remaining light in the sky. As the firing in the stokehold became greater and the speed of the ship increased fames came out of the funnel, which made a valuable target for the sub- murine consequently we were forced to put the dampers from 6.30 to 6.45 p.m.,

The when he commenced again, the shots fall ink ahead of the ship on both sides. He continued Bring, until 725 p.m., which ceased for 10 minutes owing to the wes ther becoming equally At 7.33 pm, the squall clearing, he opened fire on us with shrapnel, working us right round as before to the remaining light in the sky We kept altering the course to keep the ship out of the light and to bring th sen abear, which made it very difficul for him to an accurately.

One of the shrapnel put the wireless apparatus out of order for a time, some of the shot entering the Marconi cabin and bridge-deck house. !

The firing cased In reply to a question by Mr. Malcolm, at 8 p.m. The deck was strewn with who asked him whether any and, if so, shrapnel, and the ship has been hit in what, efforts were made by his Majesty's several places with small pieces; but, Government to secure an independent as far as we are at present aware, un se*** madical inspection of the prisoner camp ous damage has been done, with the ox at Wittenberg during the many months ception that two of the plates on th that this camp remained unvisited, owing starboard side have been knocked o to the prevalence of typhus, by the Amerather badly with some of the first shots.

our of all on The behaviour rican

nd t Ambassador in Berlin or by any mirable of his staff.

mirable, and I wish t

to draw Pa Lord R. Cecil states: The Germans attention to the conduct of the chief off- permitted no kind of communication cer. John Blacklock, and Cadet Fred either by letter or orally as to the con Binaton for the very able manner in dition of Wittenberg during the months which they assisted me on the bridge by in question, and the Government had, giving the positions of the submarine an I need not say, de suspicion of the horrors that I could con the ship and also to that were going on there, or of the gross Quartermasters E. Dobbins and T and criminal cowardice of the German Taylor. medical staff in abandoning their duties ALEAN CHITTENDEN, Master, to those under t their charge. Neither. our Allies, whose prisoners in the camp were far more numerous than ours, nor we demanded independent medical ex- amination of the camp and on behalf of the Government I can only express

not involved in the war profound regret that we so under-estimat

NO PARALLEL IN SUBMARINES

18

The Duender is strel screw steamer of 4.002 tons grass, built at Sunderland in 1900 and owned by the Pace Sleant Navigation Company,

ACCUSATION OF ATTENDING GERMAN WARSHIPS.

*** A GENERAL ELECTION.

here is no logic or reason in making ed the brutality of our enemies. I SUSPECTED DUTCH STEAMER In the case of Lord Grenville's Ad- uinistration, the popular favour which the indiscriminate use of the submarine only right to say that we have no resson welcomed their formation was strikingly torpedo-boat upon merchant vessels on the to suppose that other typhus infected confirmed in the autumn of 1806 by a open sea & reprisal for blockade. They camps in Germany were treated in the General Election which greatly enlarged stand upon very different ground and same way their majority in the House of Commons, their conduct is judged upon different and strengthened their authority in the principles. The submarine may properly House of Lords. If a General El be used to fight England as a weapon tion became inevitable before the end of against ber naval power. It may be used The present war, here, too, is matter for not only to cope with her naval vessels grim but to prevent her from getting supplies thought,

But between Mr. Asquith and Lord or assistance of any kind from her Grenville there is a very notable contrast, or from neutral sources, if it can be done without perpetrating wrongs which are The latter was conscious of his deficiencies

to all rules of war and of the management of men-one of the

RUSSIAN INVASION OF

EAST PRUSSIA,

GERMAN CONTRADICTION OF ALLEGED ATROCITIES.

At the time that evidence of the atro

An important case was heard in the Prize Court on April 10 when the Crown. asked Sir Samuel Evans to condemn as prize of war a Dutch steamer named the Alvina on the ground that she was seized on returning from taking a direct part in hostilities and supplying, or attempt ing to supply, Welsh steam coal from Newport to warships or the naval forces of the enemies of the Crown in

in violation

businbases of government in which Mehr It may do all it can to starve-nities committed by the Germans in Be of her neutrality

Asquith has shown himself pre-eminent Writing early in 1807 to Lord Bucking ham during one of those almost morbid fits of demondene into which the antic ties and responsibilities of high office frequently plunged him, Lord Grenville

the women and children of the enemy

of the nation to which it belongs by gium began to convince a world at first keeping supplies from them, and thereby incredulous of such horrors in the twen forcing that themy to yield to superior tieth century, an endeavour was made by power, provided it can be accomplished German apologists to show that the Bus without violation of established rights aians behaved with at least equal lar others. It cannot attack merchant barity in their invasion of East Prussia. made the following frank confession :---

want one great and essential quality vessels carrying cargoes and passengers At the same time, in view of the small for my station, and every hour increases saving

without warning of sink them without extent of German territory invaded,

allowing women

women and everybody from the German Emperor for a few years, as long as my eyesight veel on the son is not a

Mr. Bateson, K.C., explained that the Albina was at Tenerifle on November 6th 1914, and the Falkland Lalands battle took place on December 8th. Directly and left Teneriffe When overhauled by after the fight the Alting sold her cargo Admiral de Robeck, vice-admiral cort manding certain forces at sen, and naked why two of his crew had deserted at

The inculty. I can still and could still children to be rescued merchant-downwardz laboured to falsify the his Teneriffe, the captain of the Dutch steamer

Jan spared to me, labour at my desk, bub nation against which war in being waged story of the Russian invasion of Est replied that it was only at Teneriffe

and

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Prussia. Recently, however, an Evan that he and the crew arrived at the con- I am not competent to the management It may not belong to that nation at all gelical periodical, the Christiche Welt, clusion the probable object of the voy of men. I never was so naturally; and toil Its buman contents, as well as the pro- nccently told some of the truth. This age was to coal German warships. The Then who deserted had gone off to the publication of the offending isusenly tion. They said that the super cargo on called attention to its original contenis board the vessel had complete control Both from Switzerland and from Norway of the coal, and that he had been con copies of Church newspapers have been slantly going to German gleaners an received in London which reproduce the chored in the bay and returning with

itety more and more unfit me for perty it carries, may belong to a neutral Censor intervened too late, and the To Consulate and given him that informa- SHIPBUILDERS, SALVORS AND BEPAJBERS. BOILERMAKEIS

Lyse

RUTHLESS PIRACY

cedent, as far as he knew, o

of a caso telat

ing to colliers going to an enemy ficel and it might be that his lordship would have to lay down some new rule about it. The President The question is whe ther this Dutch steamer had not made herself part of the German naval forces.

Mr. Bateson: You have to pull off the mask in these cESES. -------

The hearing was adjourned.

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and peaceful nation and may have the LORD GRENVILLE AND ME. AQUITH tight of immunity from such peril. The As Speaker of the House of Commons, nation to which they belong is bound to an office which, like that of the Prime protect them and to asist that dan

Minister, supposes competence to the nanagement of men," he had been a co-ger of lawless attack. spicuona Failure; and the stimulating There is an resemblance in principle original statements deleted by the Gersopla to inspect her eargo Estimates given for quick construction and repair of Ships, Engines breath of a popular assembly, instead of or practice between establishing a blockman Censor Referring to the first Rus Counsel declared there was no pre- inspiring and bracing, seemed to para ade to keep supplies away from an enemy ajan invasion, the German writers said:

his faculties Lord Grenville lacked nation as a means of weakening it, even The country seemed to the Russians all those arts in the management of a though its non-combatant population sul to have fallen an say prey and seemed difficult team, or of a political situa- for privation to the point of starvation, to them a secure possession, like an an tion disruptive to the national forces and conducting lawless attacks upon sen nexed province Partly owing to this those arts of statecraft which Mr. As going merchant vessels and destroying feeling, but certainly owing also to the quth has so often displayed, and for the lives of those who are not only non-sarions desire at the beginning to conduct which he has often been abused by the combatants but do not belong at all to the war with humanity and discipline. ignorant, who conceive that the business the enemy nation Neutral nations are there was no devastation or plundering, of government is as simple as selling concerned with the blocado only as it and there were no stromtins with a few goods over a counter, or theme of interferes with their t trade, and any isolated exceptions, which, of course, orders by a drill sergeant Moreover wrong done may be compensated. They could not be avoided when such masses for commending ability, cool judgment, are concerned with the use of submarines and genial qualities Grenville relied on For, who, indeed, seems to have combined as aimed at them as well as at enemies were thrown together, but the number and

and

destroying lives for which no circumstances of which were qualities of

Enormopaly oxaggerated, reparation can be made and for bich

being silescribed as though no enemy of the assailant in respons

general The British blockade, admitting, real and effective, is serving its legit purpose. The German submarine

gaged in ruthless pursu

some of the diverse personal Mr Awaith and Mr. Lloyd George.

Grenville's sanse of personal inefficiency threw him back on the death of Fox, šuto his old habit of relying for counsel Support on the more ambitious spirit

ger will of Lord. Buckingham

whose

out made

sted aims, jealousies and But such parallels may easily be pushed fresks of temper na Mr. Fitzpatrick too far, though it is interesting to note very unsafe that the Cabinet of 1808-7, though they we are to seek for personal had little success in the conduct of the analogics, we might even had something war possessed one virtus which our of Mr. Churchill in Lord Buckingham. quidnunca deem essential to such snoves,

(Continued on next Column.)

that they were comparatively small in number.

added that by amount of trouble was caused

and behaviour of the Ge

most proved

people themselven:

tever was done

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