1916-04-12 — Page 7

MARKING TIME IN RUSSIA, JAWAITING RESULT OF VERDUN.

[FROM THE CORRESPONDENT, OF THE "OBSERVER."]

FEMINISM SET FREE.

WHAT WILL WOMEN DO AFTER

WARI:

THE UONGKONG DAILY PRESS. WEDNESDAY APRIL 19r 1916,

Elizabeth S. Haldane (Vice Chairman, Territorial Nursing Bervice, author of "Descartes: his Life and Times") writes in the Daily Empress

consequently, fortunately for us at this juncture, we shall not be left in the lurch; ven if we have to send many more thou- sands of mon into the field of war

PRACE OF THE WORLD.

RUSSIA AND BRITAIN.

INTERVIEW WITH M. SAZONOFF.

Sazonoft.

1BY HAROLD REGBIE.].

be

SUNK WITHOUT WARNING.

GERMANY'S NEW POLICY AND

HER PAST PRACTICE,

Germany gnuðunced that from March 18t onward she would torpeas and sink armed merchantmon without warning. The Secre tary of the Admiralty appropriately issued the following list of forty unarmed British vessels torpedoed and sunk by enery, stthe

JAVA-CHINA JAPAN LIJN

BEGULAR PORTNIGHTLY SERVICK BETWEEN

JAVA. CHINA AND

JAPAN

Steamer

marines without warning in the past year. in addition to fourteen neatral vessels PJILATJAP

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1015. January:

30.........

Tokemaru. February :-

15. Dulwich.

PETROGRAD, March 4th::

Will this way lead to disarmament, or The Russians are watching the struggle

Ons may suppose that with women odun to partial disarmament! I asked Mr. tor Verdun with strained interest-with

replied, That depends enti be interest not only of sympathising speecation has gone ahead of employment in the aters but also of participants. The quas- I middle and lower middle classes, and that upon the extent of our victory. If Prus.arly dealt with ion on every lip is After Verdun, what

sing-militarist is destroyed, if that evil It must be emphasised that the

thing which has darkenoxi all lives for sa I most many years is finally destroyed, Text?"

esults of the struggle so far have aroused

firmly believe it wil be destenyed, then I think that some sucasus of disarmamént ers & growing admiration for French kardihood and have led to increased con-

bo possible. It should be quite pos- idence in the resources of the Allies and to

friends, he continued emphatically, the rest of the world is safe Nobody need fear. Nobody The peace of the world. and the happiness of humanity are bound

roadiness of women to serve has been seen for with England and Russia

Que of the interesting examples of the

gene. in the numbers who have offered for " at more cheerful view of the general pro-ral duty as it is called, in military bus

pitals. This same process is going on in jects of the war.

Naturally this monstrous battle is being very many departments of work, and we.

keep asking ourselves, How far wil it go tosely scrutinised in view of possible now evelopments of German military technique Will these women ever go back to their which might afterwards he applied on the riginal occupations or leisure or have Iussion front.

So far, however, the Rus they experienced a new life that will make ana, after their recent experience on the them insist on continging to be producers frent, have not discerned and carners Instand of mere consumers and

Fresh varia spenders?

Buth wostern

mything startlingly novel. tons on the idea of mass, the biggest pas bis number of the biggest possible gus, ad the largest possible number of men ncontrated on a given point-this, a far can be noted from here, secins to be the edential sphere of Gernian inventivenes. And though degrees of intensity and effort my vary, the Russian front hos sien the dvelopment of these tactics in all their séges, brg.nning with the smashing attack Won Szdłowska In January last year, ad is prepared to meet them,

A SPRING CAMPAIGN.

The question is whether Verdun may not bean episode, an experment, a desperate bat be drain the growing strength of tho Wetern Allies in munitions and men and pevent it breaking out in an offensive in th spring, and so paralysing a possible Grman offensive on the Russian front. Wether the Germans are actually planning Bnoffensive on the Russian front in the sping is not clear, They are certainly moh diely and swiftly continuing their prparations for a spring campaign and taking every measure of precaution against posible Russian surprises.

jako the northern front, for instance, where there is a curious tremur, as if in autoipation of a com'ng struggle German aipei are constantly appearing over Rig, Dvinsk and other points in the rear of he fighting 1 Bonetimes they drop bobs, but bombing is only an ingident in ther anxious and systematic aerial ́reçon- maisance. The number of German acTO- plates has been increased during the winer, and each division, at any rate on the Dvina, now has its own squadron, Tho type of maghine has been improved. In the bower part of the body the aeroplano amour-plated as a protection against shrajuel, more powerful motors are used, and each aeroplone is provided with a ranchine-guu and a larger supply of bombs, Zeppelins are used for scouting as well as

Then there nie reports of various movements of the enemy in Courland behind the fight ing line, of the opening of a branch of Krupp's in Shavli, and of big hospital and ambulance preparations. The sudden out bursts of artillery fire along the Dving are more evidence of general watchfulness and of local enterprise than of any serious at topt of an immediate offensive on either side.

Most people who know the conditions say that once certain avenues of work and remuneration are opened up to women, the possibility of pursuing them will not be laid down voluntarily, and all feel a cer- tain anxiety as to the consequence of this newly acquired power.

LARGER OUTPUT.

We may, however, be fairly certain that the woman will only remain permanently established where she can do the work na well as or better than the win, where it trae that in certain occupations the woman's output is larger then the an that man's, owing partly to a certain feminine dexterity, and partly to the fact tha ja not brand down by conventional restric tions of output.

Possibly novelty has something to do with this result. but it is quite possible that monotong tells less on the woman than to man; that, at least, is an almost uni- veran conclusion on the part of employers. Another possibility, however, is that wo- men are more amenable to sugget on from outside. In work such as this where the woman excels, they ought to be able to keep the remuneration at a proper stan- dard. She has had hor chance and found herself cipable of taking it and the men displaced must find their work elsewhere,

This surely should be an advantage rather than a drawback, for, after al, the main productive work in the world mast. bo done by men, and we may look forward to an enormous increase of productive work as the workers are los diverted into cater ing for the so-called luxury trades owing to a simpler mode of living.

with the friendship of England and will be eternal." Russin, And! I believe that this friendship

March

For more than 40 years, years which. bave kept the whole of Europe in a con dition of feverish unrest, the Prussiana ・They have been preparing for this war. have sat at our frontier with a stone in their bosom, as we say in one of our Russian proverbs. They have been wailing April to throw that stone. Their one object aff those long years has been to strike Busta down. And they have not got honesty They must pretend enough to say so! that they were attacked. Bah-they are

nation? like such a

Their arrogance! not even good criminals. How can anyone

insufferable arogance of the Ger that man has the world ever geon anything tike it? Is is an offence to all manking dare to disdain Russia on the grounds" And they peak of their culture! They culture-Russia, who has given to the world two of the very greatest manters of literature. Pushkin and Dostoevsky.

of

Also

With all our faults here in Russia, he added," and they are many and great, very many and very great, we are desti- tate of arrogance. I inay be allowed to say that. Arrogance to us is a most hideous thing. You will never encounter a true Russian who is arrogant. We be lieve in simplicity, wo believe in kindness, we believe in modesty, we believe in love.. And that is why Russian people admire the English more than other nations. You have grand simplicity, and you are warm hearted and genuinely kind. you have great moral qualities. I remen hor listening to speeches by Mr,, Gladstone in the House of Cominons, and thinking how splendid, how magnificent it was that the House of Commong should feel the spal of an eloquence which away rested its argument on the great principles of It is men who will necessarily have to morality. Mr. Gladstone might have been do the building up that requires not only mincere I do not know-but that dues physical strength but that creative and not matter. What struck we was the moral inventive power that seems to pertain pro-response of the House of Commong to an eminently to them. They will have the argument which was always elevated and noble, never base and never self-interested. enterprise to set on foot much that women may help to carry into being. Thus each It was very fine. It deepened my admira

tion for the English people," should And scope for his or her special capacity, because there is an open field.

CIVIC DUTIES.

BRITAIN'S FART IN THE WAR,

I asked Mr. Saconoff whether there was

England of Russia's disintisfaction with British efforts in the war.ment

.Cambank.

...Brankade Chine,

..Oakby.

Western Const.

Rio Parata.

Harpalion.

Bengrove

9.........Blackwood,

........Prinoces Victoris. 11. Florazan,

13. Invergyle,

.18..

21

Glenartacy.

FROM

EXPECTED

OF.OR ABOUT

WILL ÜMAYƏ

OF OR APODA

MAKASSAR

· 18th Ap.?!

TJIKINI

EHANGFAT

24th Apill

24th April

XUDE

BATAVIA

• TJBODAS

KOBE

26th April

28th April

BATAVIA

• Wiroloes Talography,

The Stammen are all sifted throughout with Electric Light and have accommodation to

a limited number of Baloon Passengers, All steamers carry a duly qualified surgeon. Carga taken at through ratam to all ports in Netherlande India and Australia.”

For Particulars of freight and Pamigo, apply to the

JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN.

Telephone No. 1574.

LIJN.

JAVA-PACIFIC

BEGULAR MONTHLY SELVIOL BETWEEN

JAVA, MAKASSAR, MANILA, HONGKONG & SAN FRANCISCO.

Sailings Subject to Change Without Notice.

Espected

Cairotorr

York Buildings, Lat Floor.

1.2. Concord..

Hongkong, 5th April, 1916.

Seven Seas.

City of Bremen.

10.

Harpalyce,

15..

Ptarmigan,

18.

Trawler Vanilli.

Mey

Edale.

Minterne.

Centurion

Lusitan.e

Drumchrea

10.

Ducsfries.

1.........Saidjeh. 4.........Inkum;

June

16... 28

July:--

Strathcarron, ...Leuctra. ....Strathnaira.

Dumfriesshire.

28......... Mangara.

August

1. Fulgons.

10... Rosalie.

16... ..Serbino.

19.........Arabic.

September:-

November:---

one

19.................... Hallamshire,

...Douro

...Folke

Norwegian.

...Swedish,

L'ortuguese

...Weulsa.

...Katwijk. ...Dutch..

...Ellispontos...Greek.

...Gulfight ...American.

List of neutral vessels torpedoed by

February 19 ...Beridge

submarines without warning: Marca 13 ...Hausa april 3 April 14 April 15 April 17 May 2 May 7 May 25

June May 26

July 14

Ellen

...Swedish.

...Nebraska...American

...Betty

...Daniah..

Svein Jarl...Norwegian. ....Hym 18.Magda

...Norwegian

Norwegian.

addition to the above, the Admiralty

added, there were several cases in which there was no reasonable doubt that the vessel was sunk by torpedo fired without warning from a submarine, but in the absence of actual proof, due to the lack of survivors or from other causes, these cases were omitted from this list.

On the other hand, we should expect the truth in the rumours which had reached puss 37 Uranus Swedish, woman whose businces is the management of the home not only to apply herself to that, bus to take a much more prominent part in civic duties. It has been pointed out with much force that, unlag these are dealt with in a very different spirit b both men and women, our nation will not have learned the lesson of national life that the war should have taught us..

Bo much for the work that appears to be genuinely women's work" but what of and women must a work in which men couple, and in which women can afford to work as lower wages because their sponsibilities are fower?

re-

This scoms formidable problem to us all, and ons dithcult to solve. The best solution would appear to be that of the Women's Co-operative Guild, which ad vocates inexperienced women coming into new occupations at lower or women's rates, but when fully trained claiming equal ratos with men. Naturally women would have to be organized in order to carry this work into effect, but; in the interests of themselves and of man, something of this kind will have to be established:

"None whatever," he replied, "German propagandists may have tried to make a few ignorant people here dissatisfied, but they did not succeed. Wo trust you ab solutely. We know that you bold the sea. And we know that whio England holds the sea Germany, who is the enemy of the humán race, cannot win this war. I have said again and again in committees of the Duma, in the Imperial Council, and to

and their Altics can secure the peace of my Sovereign, that England and Russia the whole world. And I am sure of it. It is my supreme political conviction. Eng land's hold of the sea is the greatest fact of the war. We know that fact in Russia. And we are perfectly satisfied."

When I came to ask Mr. Sazonoff whe ther, perhaps, we had not played into the hands of the War Caste in Germany by our insistence that we must crush Ger- many as if we intended to invade and violato her territory so that even the German Socialista were vigorously on the side of war, fearing for their homes and instantly the safety of their womenfolk, he replied

J

"Ab, they have a guilty conscience | over here they have burned cities, towns, end villages. They have destroyed houses

He replied instantly and with great energy, "We cannot take that risk. Prussianista is so vile a thing that we dare

hypotheus aut icavo its destruction to Kogiand, b'rance, Russia ato responsible now for the future of Europe, which mentis the future of civilization, the fate of the We call and we shall destroy warld Prussianiga. It may take a long time. Wo are prepared for that. But no incon- clusive Feace No Peace with a risk at- tached to it. Prussianism, which is deadly poison; must be flung clean out of the human body. We dare not leave it there to work once more for the destrattion of nations."

** And you don't think it would hasten the end of the wor if the Allies announced definitely that their objective is not the de- struction of Germany, but the destruction of the Prussian War Machine ?" enough."

We havo said that surely, often

*but not often enough, o; ng any rate not clearly enough to convince the German people that their worst enemy is the Frassian War Machine."

The whole situation of the Gecasas on the Dvina is very curious. They settled on the swampy left banks of the river appar- ently hoping that winter would freeze the Swamps and enable them to get everything ready for an advance nores the Dving to Drink and Riga before the spring thaw But the winter has proved enpricious. The thay set in too early, and the German trenches and dugnuts on the left bank were flooded, The troops hastily retired, and hole companies were submerged, Engi cers hurried from Germany to drain the swamps and save the units isolated in posi tious surrounded by water. A flotilla of flat-bottomed boats was built to bring out

Most people agree with the fluding of the stranded artillery transports and men to drier ground. The winter has literally recent Royal Commission, which, as regarde rown cold water on the German initia the Civil Servico at least, recommends that tive on the northern front. With a fur" in so far as the character and condition ther development of the thaw bosh armies of the work preferred by women appra. will temporarily have to withdraw their ximate to identify with the character and condition of the work performed by men, positions from the banks of the Dvina,

General Kuropatkin has been appointed Commander of the northern from in place of Goneral Plehre, who took command tem- pomrily when General Ruzsky fell ill. General Kuropatkin has always shown re markable ability in the management of Still, these conclusions have been a good supplies, and during his short command of deal shaken of late, and by certain stand army corps during the present war he has ards women might sometimes by entitled to gained an excellent reputation as a fight higher pay than men. Possibly men's em- ing General. The Taar is now well support ployments were wrongly appraised, and ed in the chief commands, with deveral sone which were skilled have, on account of modern inventions, become mechanical, Alexeieff at his side and with General Kuropatkin in the north, with such a rachand yes are paid on the basis of being and able General as Evert in the western skilled. In this case, where no great strain is imposed, there is something to be said Front and that sturdy old warrior. Ivanoff for the lower pay, or what is called the in the south General Ruzsky has almost woman's standard for unskilled work.

How can you destroy nation of Tatovered.

But it must be conceded that skilled or eighty million people? Our purpose is to trained work by men or women should be destroy once and for all-ence and for all proportionately remunerated, whether it by the greatest danger which has ever manual, d'erical, or educational, If the menaced the human race. We shall fight the living resge for the worker, and his hand we shall never og fighting, und standard here not standard-- on, cease untiji bghting & winning fight, and a fight dependents then most serious results will rest with a victory which would permit that menace to lift its head again. Our

to live without continual fear of

HIBERNATING IN TRENCHES.

In the centre skirmishing and occasional artillery fire prode the only relief from the full moustony of hibernation in the Arenches. The German trenches are defend

THE STANDARD.

and a waste the land. They live driven vast numbers of people into exile, the par should also proximate to identity Ab, how morciless they have been, how eruel, how brutual, how ferocious! And But most people also agree that on the whole women's services are less efficient they do not want the same thing to than men's except in higher brauchen we shall not enter their territory, that is happen to them! But as for the iden that

for our generals to decide. After a great victory it may be possible, and it may be right, for us to invade Germany. If so we shall certainly do it. Do you suppose that after a great victory on their side they would hesitate to enter Moscow, or Petro- Have they announced that they grad are only fighting to destroy the Russian armies? But if they think that we and our Allie, are fighting to destroy the Ger- man nation then I do not mind saying that they are wrong

THE BRA-“ JAVEL-RING OF THE LAWS.”

Well, I cannot say. I do not know. But for myself, while I want to see the Prussian War Machine broken, and broken into dust, I have no wish to damage the German people, They will suffer, and it is perhaps good for them to safler. Financial rain will teach them & After terrible lesson. I hope it may. that I shall be glad to see them once more busy and industrious. But one thing is certain, England holds the sea, and sits the war her recovery will be quick and sound. The longer the war lasts on the other hand, the more complete will be the. financial ruin of Germany

"To England it does not greatly matter whether it ends now or later.. She holds the precious ges. And Russia feels in her soul that with England for har Alty ghe which, cost what it will, is for the eternal benefit of humanity Russia is resolved. She cannot stop, she cannot withdraw. Prussianism, that thing which is

dalmost entirely with machine guns, whl followd anticipate that victory must be absolute. We must be free Uutil that detestable thing which we call

21.

In any case, one

all

Steamers

From

Will leave

For

TJIKEMBAVO

JAVA.

ABAKAN...

JAVA

8th May,

11th April. SAN FRANCISCO

19th May.

The Steamers are all tied through out with electrio libt sie love scccmmodation for limited number of Ealoon Pie $3 Stoves carry duly qualified surpeon. Cargo taken at through rates to all Common Overland Foints in the United States of America and Canada:

For Fartionlars of Freight and Pasage, apply to

York Building,

Hongkong, 15th March, 1918.

JAYA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN,

FOC

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[29

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the bulk of the men cower in the dismal but warm shelter of the dug-outs women work

On the southern front the Russians er's way day never did before. The old bogor Tags with be the sound by this was that usus to all men of honour and refinements boring away at trench warfare on their new of their being necessarily kent in separate the nations feel themselves safe And that thing, too, which is an overwhelming positions with considerable success, parti-compartments is, we may trust, quite brushitij German militarism is destroyed to peril to every other nation under the sky, cularly in the way of mino exploding ined away. Nowadays men and women meet its roots no nation can feel itself safe. la destroyed, until that thing is finally and The Bukowina. The recent offensive reveal- nt work as at home, and none dreams of Let the German people know I have not utterly, destroyed. Russia will fight. That ed very hopefu! possibilities, which, with segregation." Each will have to find his the lens objection to this that if they necessary improvements in technique and or her own place in the complicated or themselves like to destroy their núibi ism communications, will be realised.

ganinm of industry. On the men's side absolutely, then, the war will come to an The whole Russian front is holding very there will, alas! be many blanks, and these end. But as for u wa shall never stop firm and preparing not only for the summer, the women must fill. But the employment, for one moment until we are satisfied that but for next winter as well.

whatever it may be, must be religiously the curse of Prussianum is lifted from The possibility of a swing back of the preserved from undue depreciation in the the human race. Germans here efter Verdun is seriously doing our brave defenders an ill-service for market; were it otherwise we should be

** DOWN WITH FLUSSIANISH" (NOT counted on There is a curious massing of their so. f-sacrifice and devotion, EducatedS

PRUSSIA). German end Austrian troops in Galicia and women who are fitted to do skilled work. My point is," I answered, "thes a ourzelver nearer to that noble ideal of my near the Roumania frutier. The fact that and who have trained thepsele, to do this the Roumanian barometer happens for the work, should claim the remuneration that simoment to be showing fair weather for our is their due; and we know that this train fside is both a tribute to the increasing mili-ed work is needed, and will be needed 50 result in the destruction of Prusian is this way the peace of the world will be WESTMINSTER TOBACCO CO., LD. Atsry effectiveness of the Entente and a the future. Therefore the training is of militarise by the Gerosa proste them. assured. I bave ne firmer faith than that...”

cause of apprehension to the Germans.

paramount importance.

PEACE OF THE WORLD "Russia desires with her whole heart and soul the peace of the world. It was the Emperor of Russia who prope.ed disarmament, in the hope of saving man kind from this very catastrophe. And it wag Germany who deliberately frustrated that noble intention. Well, let us bope that, after this war is over we may find

peace which some people might call incon Sovereign. The Russions do not want dive would at once reveal to the German way. They are fighting now to end war, people the true state of their fitianoes, andAnd with England and Russia victorious

selves."

Day Chrside.

Hongkong, Ath April, 1916.

CIGARETT

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