OUR RULE IN EGYPT.
ANNIVERSARY OF THE PROTECTORATE,
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, PEBREART
GERMANS AND PERSIA,
SWEDISH GENDARMEDIE BITE THE HAND THAT FEEDS THEM-
EUROPE'S DEBT TO GREAT
BRITAIN.
WARM TRIBUTE BY A FAMOUS A
RUSSIAN,
THE NAVY LEAGUE.
NEW YEAR'S MESSAGE.
In accordance with its long-established citetom, the Navy League desires to submit to members in all parts of the world a statement of its considered view upon the naval situation at the opening of the New Year.
Professor Maxim Kovalevsky, the famous Rassian historian and economist, who is a member of the Council of Empire and president of the Society for a Mutual now in proces and upon the course In the presence of the gigantic struggle
Understanding between Great Britain and of which the British Navy exercises-and Russia, has contributed to the Beurse will from day to day in greater degree Gazette the following article on the part continue to exercises dominant influence, that Britain has played in the develop no discussion of Naval Polley, as under- ment of democratic institutions in the stood in pre-war times, is possible or de- world
sirable.
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A year has now passed since Egypt was proclaimed a British Protectorate with Some weeks ago the Foreign Office Bultan Hussein as its Sovereign in the place issued a bare but impressive record of the of the Khedive Abbas Hilmi. During this period the country has been faced with outrages committed on British subjects in political, military, and economic oriscs, Porsin. This recounted the affrays out bat, true to its old tradition, it has over-side Bushire, with which we are familiar, on them all with case and is now in an eminently satisfactory, condition from but told in greater details than had pre- every point of view. This, it should be viously been made public the story of mentioned, has been attained under the
ne of martial law, which was intra-Derman defiance of the Persian Govern duced very shortly after war was declar bent and Gorman violation of Persian ed: Bat, although the supreme control | sovereignty. On 1st September, our has throughout boon vested in the General Consul General at Ispahan when out
When Great Britain threw in her lot During the seventeen months of the War Commanding the Troops in Egypt, Lieu riding with an escort was fired at. Mr. tenant-General Sir J. G. Maxwell, in Graham himself was wounded and his with the Entente Powers in the presents the achievements of the Fleet have far our- whogo name all proclamations and all im Indian orderly killed. The British vice war, she was abused much more than even passed the anticipations entertained at the Fortant announcements have been made, cone at Shiraz, Gholand Khan, was shot in the time of Napoleon. Not only was outbreak of the conflict by the most ardent the actual administration has continued to and wounded in two places on 7th Sop- this action of hers described by her enemies believer in British sea-power. In every be carried out by the civil authorities. tember and died from his injuries on the treachery against the German race, to variety of operation upon which the Navy which her forefathers, the Anglo-Saxons, has been engaged during the past year, The excellenco of this arrangement and following day: On 3rd October the mun- the wise policy that has been followed have sht and gholam of the Consulate at Shiraz belonged, but people were told that Eng there has been a brilliant demonstration of. been demonstrated not only by the hormony were shot at and wounded; the gholam and had never given the world anything those fighting qualities accompanied by. that has roigned between the military and subsequently died On 26th August the in the way of civilization, that she had kill, dering, and resourcefulness which the British and Egyptian authorities, bus British and Russian Consuls at Kerman always been led by selfish interests, and have for centurici been the proud tradition also by the fact that the country has at shah were returning from their posts at that her very existence had been built up of the British Flees. It is but the no moment given those responsible for its Hamadan and were at Kangavar. The on the exploitation of other nations as sober truth to declare that during
well as of her own working masses. administration any real cause for anxiety German Consul at Kermanshah, with a in spite of the almost frantic efforts of the force perhaps consisting of two hundred Continental Europe oves to England. Jesting of
In this article I shall try to show what this time of supreme crises in the nat on the British Navy Turen-German omissaries to foster die
men and two Maxims occupied the sur- burbances efforts that have proved on rounding hills and informed the Gover Everybody's attention was first draw to has discharged to a degree unexampled in tirely abortive. The change in latus, in-nor that he would give the British and England during the Hundred Years' the whole course of history its great trust piging the overthrow of the temporal power Russian Consuls three hours in which to
War. In the middle of the fifteen century as the guardian of the liberties of mankind. of the Khalif over Egypt, and the subse-leave, falling which he would attack the
the tutor of Henry VI, Joha Fortescue, The Commander-in-Chief of the Grand quent attack on the Cand might well have town. The Consuls were forced to with afterwards Chancellor of the kingdom, Fleet, and the Officers and Men in all our boan calculated to stir to its uttermost draw to Hanudan, whereupon the German published in the Latin language, which at fighting ships deserve the warmest congra depths the Egyptian nation, 90 per cent. Consul and his forces left. The object The Praise of English Laws, the first the world for their unswerving zeal, devo. that time was the language of scientists, tuintions of the British Race throughout of which was, after all, bound by very of this attack," continues the communz- close religious ties to the invaders; but gue," was obviously to keep the consalar work in which the advantages of the Eng-tion to duty, and spirit of self-sacrifice, which have boza manifest in every incident this has not been the case, and the news.
officers of the Entonto Powers out of Kerish laws are clearly defined. that a fresh attack is contemplated by the mashah, the main means of entrance for
of British naval activity since the begin- Turks does not appear to have had any German agent, into Persia."
Bubse effect on the attitude of the gura mas quently, as has been briefly reported, our
The Navy is silent, It is unseen by the of the people
Consul and the macager of the Imperial
masses of the people of the Empire, but it To those who have studied the Egyptians Bank at Shiraz were made prisoners and this indifference to outside events 005 removed to tribal territory. Now, accord.
more apparent now than ever before that as no surprise. The masses, taken up as ing to reports from Karman Aga Karukh
Freedom's birthright of the people of the KARIMOEN the Navy is, nevertheless the trustee of they are with agricultural pursuits, care ghab, & cousin of His Highness the Aga
British Empire and, indeed, of the people Lettle for politics, especially those out Khan, who was on his way to perform the side their particular sphere of activity, pilgrimage to Meshed, was shot whilst
of the whole human race, Their outlook on life is wholly depondent
riding in the town, the assassin being oiked to the outrage by Gorman agents That is the tale of outrages committed or inspired by German agents on Persian oil to date; others will, we have no doubt, be reported, as long as these raspate are allowed to roam over. Persian soil. ..
It will be noticed that certain features are common to all these outrages, All
John Locke, the contemporary and parti From time to time we hear of the dis- were committed in Southern Persia, effection that is said to be raging under where the most stable, force is the gendar-cipant of the second English revolution, the surface in Egypt, and the recent amerie, officered by Swedish officers and hailed the victory of Parliament over the tempts on the life of the Sultan and of hitherto paid by British money. The en King, which had strengthened the prin one of his Ministers are instanced as the tertainment of Swedish officers for this ciples of English freedom and once more outward and visible sign of this inward duty was undertakes with the full acqui- had accentuated the necessity of the sub- turmoil of spirit. Such disaffection as escence of Great Britain and Russia; the ordination of the executive power to that there may be is, however, confied to a pay of the officers and the men was found of the legislative power.
From the Arst quarter of the nineteenth restricted element, which is by no means only by joint British and Russian loans, representative of the Egyptian nation, the British portion being specially ear-century onwards the democratization of certain markod for the support of the gendar-Parliament begins to make great progress. and it can, in consequence, be to extent ignored. I refer, of course, to the merie. The Swedish officers have bitten After the elections of 1839 the House of Nationalist faction, with which certain the hands that fed them; the men they Commons, as the natural interpreter sections of Young Egypt have unfor-enrolled and trained have turned against the wishes of large masses of the people, tunately identified themselves. As is well their own Government and the Govern- begins to impose its will on the House of while they ments which found their pay; and the Lords. The importance of the Second known, Just had for their only outrages committed on Persian soil Chamber grows with every reform in the were predominant în
have occurred in those areas where the electorial law. Modern political writers chief following the declassé element of Young Egypt. Now that the auworthy gendarmerie were predominant. None of like Bagshot, Anson Sidney Low, and successors of Mustapha Kamel Pasha are any importance have been reported in others no longer defend the theory of the eilder in the enemy camp or in custody the northern districts where the Russians balance of power in the British Con- at Malta, Egyptian Nationalism is at a have assisted the Persian Government to stitution, but openly proclaim that the
maintain order. Another common discount and the movement is moribund.
agents, But the few adherents left at large and is that the influence of Common feature will of the House of Commons must reign some of them are to be found in circles enjoying the hospitality of the Persian that to the general public would appear Government and ordinarily protected by to be above reproach still try to further the privileges of diplomatic and consular the cause and find fruitful soil for the officers, has in all cases been the influence
auru of success which attends thair labour is the fields and on the prices tiny are able to obtain for their crops Bo long as, agriculturally, things go well and their material well-being isundis turbed, so long will they remain docile, and deaf to the whisperings of reaction arid and revolutionarica.
THE NATIONALISTS,
outrage and
TJSONDARI
England the law is above the King, and
It was especially emphasized that inuing of the struggle, that representatives of all classe take part in the making of the laws of the consider that the monarchical Constitue Like Thomas Aquinas, Fortescue ton of Great Britain contains characteris ties of a Republic. In the sixteenth cen- tury Thomas Smith developes the same. views in the De Republic Angorum, the Navy in its relation to the process of emphasizing the fact that the King, the the war will, it is hoped, provide season- pobility, and the common people are alikeable food for thought: interested in preserving the Constitution, and distributes taxes more equally than which gives the people individual freedom
is done in France. This book gained such fame that it was almost immediately tran- slated into Dutch,.
A brief summary of the achievements of TJIKEMBANG
supreme,
of
FREEDOM UNDER THE UNION JACK, The merits of England before the world docs not merely consist in introducing and maintaining the
true le mo Like children, tego produets of der. We have seen in the bistory of the crazy in her own country, but in the ex- tension of these principles to her Colonies. mistaken educational policy orave for United States of America the lengths to
To be a British subject in the countries what they have not got, and believe that which these emissaries of the cultured if only they could have what they want, and enlightened" German Government where the English element is in a majority means to enjoy the rights of citizenship in their condition would be infinitely better will proced when they think they dare, than it is at present, History and the In Persia, where the central government the broadest sense of the word. The British experience of those who remember what has had no sufficient armed forcs to keep subject in Australia, New Zealand and a freeman, shapes the the situation was before the British occu- them in check, and the armed force officer. South Africa is
account to them, anded by Swedes has turned traitor, they have destinies of his new country according to pation are of no evon when they get what they have been proceeded as we might have expected his own ideals, and pays only those taxes oraving for, they are still discontented, to greater lengths, and have come out be or duties which are imposed by his re- as the experience of the post-Cromerian the undisguised protagonists of a policy presentatives whom ho elects in the most England had régime proved..
of outrage and assassination. It is rebroad electoral system.
No taxa- ported of the Tsar Ferdinand, when he ages ago established the rule,
and this ascended his troublons throne, that he tion without representation," said if there were going to be assassina rule is applied in the Colonies as well as tions he would be on the side of the the Mother country. Therefore it is not assassins. The Germans have improved surprising that during the crisis through on the ambitions of their latest ally; they which we are passing the Colonies volun- have set themselves up as the advocates of tarily supply the Mother-country with in the attempts have been the unfortunate assassination on the territories of a neon and battleships. tools of men who would novor have contral Power. There is no reason to believe sented themselves to curry out the designs that these ontragos have had the sanction populations exclaim they encouraged. If one looks back over of the Persian Government. As that Gov. recent Egyptian history, one sees how true ernment is at present constituted they are viewed with horror and dismay. But the writ of the Persian Government has long run haltingly in Western Persin. The agents of that Government, the gen- darmerie, have turned traitor. Fed from Baghdad the German agents have made Kermanshah a hotbed of intrigue; they have defied the Persian Government and have treated Persia as if it were no longer an independent State.
The attempts on the Sultan and on Fathi Pasha were undeabtedly instigated from abroad. Had they not been "gged on" by the disaffected element referred to above,
perpetrators of the crimes would in all probability never have com mitted them. Those publicly implicated
the
ECONOMIC PROSPERITY.
:
this is to type.
Economically, by comparison with other countries, Egypt hus so far come through the war with little harm; indeed, ita situa tion is daily booming healthier. It is no misrepresentation of the ease to say that, in spite of some fears as to the cotton crop which were evinced at the outset, the country, viewed from the standpoint of the State as well as from that of the in- dividual, is in a far better position than
(1)-Apart from a few futile raids no Er tish territory in any part of the world has been violated by the enemy.
(2) During seventeen months of War the overseas trade of the United Kingdom reached in round figures one thousand seven hundred millions sterling, or one hundred million pounds per month.
(3.) Food and drink to the value of about four hundred million pounds have been imported into the United Kingdom during the year 1915 for the maintenance of the daily life of the people.
(4.) The rea-borne commerce of Germany, Austria, and Turkey amounting to nearly one thousand one hundred million sterling has been driven from
the seas, (53-Seven million tons of German, Aus
trian, and Turkish shipping have been destroyed or driven to sock re- fuge in the harbours of noutra countries (6.)-Vast armies with casualties at sea which only amount to one man por thousand have been transported from the ends of the earth to the various theatres of war, (7.)-The brilliant operations of the Bri-
tish submarines in the Baltic Sea have trippled German strategy as directed against Russis, and have virtually completed the blockade of Germany upon its Baltic seaboard. (8.) The whole coast-line of our great
Ally France has been preserved from enemy aggression. (9.) The German submarine menace which aimed at the complete de. struction of British shipping has been strangled in British hom waters, and is being reduced within the narrowest limits in the Medi derranean,
(10.) The Wer operations of the Allies in every sphere of conflict are being maintained by the combined support of the Allied Fleets. The Navy League desires to acknowledge Over the greater part of the globe the with the warmest gratification the unquali- ied success which has attended every enthusiastically:
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Rule, Britannia which means that branch of Admiralty administration since LIPHONS NO-32 those people are sure that all of them will the beginning of the war. Mr. Balfour's enjoy their righte of complete citizenship direct on of the functions at the Board of under the authority of Government re- Admiralty has secured the universal appre sponsible to Parliament enjoying the riation of the people of the Empire, and his public confidence and controlled by judges, eminently correct interpretation of his who cannot be forced to resign and thus duties as First Lord has given unbounded are independent of any political con- satisfaction to the officers and men of the Fleet. It is due to Mr. Balfour to assert troversies
From this necessarily short survey of that the direct result of his presence at the English democracy it is evident that Admiralty has been to create between the Russians as well as other nations on the personnel of the Fleet and the great De There will be universal satisfaction at continent of Europe can learn much from portment over which he presides an on- the news that the Russians have fallen on England. If we wish her to be victorious qualified bond of mutual sympathy and those budmeshes and smitten them kip in this war it is because we realize fully confidence. and thigh. We heard some weeks ago most precious rights of free citizenship to that her victory means the extension of that a loro, presumably composed of Russians and the Russian-offiorred gend the whole of Europe. For what more democracy than that of the English people rerie which has been a powerful factor splendid example could there be of a true
the northern pro How impudent these had grown is ap
at the same time complete freedom for parent from the strength of the force their individual development which had been gathered. It is described as consisting of five hundred of the insur
the most optimistic ever expected. will the time the war is copdluded Egypt will be ready to take advantage of the new conditions which it is hoped and expected the era of peace will herald, but it will then be absolutely necessary that the great irrigation and drainage works should be vinees, had left to deal with the raiders, shaping their own destinies and preserving Government, that there ought not to be,
resumed without delay, for on their co pletion depends the economic development ment of the country.
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The Navy League must again emphasise the view to which it has to frequently gives strongest representation to His Majesty's expression and upon which has made the
and that there must not be, any interference with the full play of the sea-power exer- cised by the Fleet by any other Depart ment of the Government except the Ad services rendered no servant of the Crown miralty and it strongly appeals for the is so wretchedly treated as the officers an support of the public opinion of the Em- His Majesty's ships of war. The treatment merts and no International Tribunais of during the course of the war is nothing lesa thero during the course of the war, or in the nation. ̈
DAVE!
[73
HONGKONG TIDE TABLE,
From 7th to 13th Felroary, 1516, HIGH WATER
LOW WATTE
Thong
B'kong
Mean
Менд
Time
Timo
ft.in.
tt. in
95 0m 5:51
15 5:23 2:
Month
gent gendarmerie, infantry and cavalry for the strongest, force in western Persin, and twelve hundred German and Turkish They have now bunted against a stronger mind that gratitude pua gratitude is not mercenaries, the latter assembled by the land we shall be very much surprise pire in demanding that no secret agree of midshipmen who have been sent to sex. a characteristic that we can expect to promiss of loot, with two guas. This con- the non-gendarmerie section of t
·find evinced towards us on the banks of siderable force was entrenched or the does not fargely melt away. crowd any kind whatsoever shall be permitted than a scandal to the people of this great the Nile. While the experience of the Sultan Bulak Pasa, and had beer for will be no peace in Western Persia, and future to limit or restrict the activities The League asks once more for the supe past year has served to confirm the classic tifying the position for a fortnight. But no chanoo far the central Government to. reputation of Egypt for staying and ro- it fled in complete disorder from the Rus- insure respect for its authority until the of the Fleet in exocuting the primary ob port of the public in securing from the Government without further delay their cuporative power and has afirmed the sian attack, leaving a great number of
German agents are turned out of Kerjects of its existence,
The League strongly maintains that it consent to the distribution of the Prize 1 pacific character of the masses, it has at killed and wounded; the Russiang accord-
manshah. That is the head centre of their the same time shown that it would being to the latest advices are vigorously intrigues. We doubt if the Russians will would be in conformity with the digafty money which has been withheld from off. nawise to rely too much on a recognition pursuing the defeated raidera. The be strong enough to push the German of this country, in view of the dominant cers and men up to the present, and which of past benefits alone to carry us through physical effect of this victory must be agents out of that city; we must there place which the Navy cccupies in the prose has been so well earned under indescribable With the Flect upon guard in all its eritical periods. The keynote of our policy very great indeed. The road to Hama- fore be prepared for a recrudescenes of cution of the War, that an Admiral should conditions of risk and sacrifice, in Egypt must be the keeping in hand of lan is now open, and if we know anything the pernicious activity which disturbed be appointed to the War Council of the the declassé element, and solicitude for of the Russians they will give the defented Persia all last year. For it is unfor Cabinet and should have his proper place in strength and efficiency, the Navy League Wed. the well-being of the agricultural element, enemy no rest. The maral effect will be tastely only too true that with the best the consideration of all questions affecting has no doubt of the future of our great cause, and urges upon all its members to which, embracing as it does practically still great. In Persia, as in all unset of wills towards the Entente, and a the joint War Policy of the Allies. the whole of the lower classes, is the back-led Oriental countries, nothing succeeds
desire to observe the pledge of The Navy League has frequently sub enter upon the New Year with quiet con- bone of the country politically as well as liko success. The German: emissarie sue mutrality that has been given, the Fermitted to the Government the gross lojus. Sidence and unclouded hope.
P. J. HANNON, ROBENT YERBURGH, economically and could easily became the cecded in gathering the considerable num-sisa Government itself has not the power tice under which officers in His Majesty's
President prey of bad influences were we to neglect ber of scallywaga who assembed under to put the disturbers of the peace in irons. Fleet suffer in their pay and allowances. General Secretary, it in any way. The Times.
1st January, 1916, their motley banner because they stood -Temes of India.
The League holds that in return for the
3
Height
8 m 017 6 1 6 21
0 4126 2 ·6-279 91 105 3m 61
188
53 102.
5 m 7. 20 94 5
Thar 113 44 39
7:82
12m 5.56 3.7m 8 4 14.5.8
Fri
Batur 13 No infer high- m 0.25 12
5:16 6 1! nor low-
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