1916-01-03 — Page 7

POETRY OF THE EMPIRE,

SIR HERBERT WARREN'S LECTURE AT OXFORD.

18E HONGKONG DAHY-PERSĄ MONDAY JANUARY 8an. 1916.

DEMOCRACY AND EMPIRE,

LORD MILNER ON "THE WELDING FIRE OF WAR."

MR REDMOND'S VISIT TO CORNWALL TO THE RED SEA.

THE FRONT.

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IN THE TRENCHES:

Mr. Redmond has recently spent wees at the front, visiting the Irish regiments

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Sir Herbert Warren, Professor of Lord Milner presided at a public loo Poetry, delivered at Oxford, on Novem-tune given at King's College, London, by ber 13th, the first of two lectures on the Mr. A. L. Smith, Dean of Balliol College, Poetry of the Empire. He began by say- Oxford, on "The People and the Duties ing that one aspect of the present war had of Empiro,"

The lecture, which, was the fourth hardly been sufliciently noticed. It was

.of.. accurse. of weekly addresses there. Within two hours of his rotura begraphy-so that they reach practically all a war of empire-of four empires and by different lecturers on various

of the problem

of The four kingdoms against three empires and aspects one kingdom--and it was for empire, und Empire, and the Future," was an exami

nation of the attitude of the masses in by oursdives regarded mainly as a means Great Britain towards Greater Britain to freedom and peace, and Germany and a plea for the education of democracy in the ideale and problems of true Im largely as an end in itself. How terrible perialism: Working men, said Mr. Smith, it was that such vast combinations, should sometimes used to ask what use the Em. bo mashed against each other! Yes there pire was to them. We have no stake was consclation is. It was a new even in England," they would say, phase in the history of the world and a Their apathy was partly due to unfavour- phase, he hoped, ending towards peaceable associations of the term "Empire" Wer had ceased in the past as men had connected with the shoddy Empire of ecabined in ever larger societies. First, Napoleon III., the reactionary Empire of private war had crucil, nest war between Russia, and the Empire boasted of hy Sitios and pity states, and then war be- British jingons. The real facts of Emp tween kingdoms. Fo at last it would be ware not realized by the mass of the with empires.

working men, But a changs was coming fast. There was a growing desire for a

The pacifis di o suficiently reflect what a magnifie thing it was that war wag imposible het won the different parts of the British Empire, or of the Ruelan Empire, or of the United States. Only when these combinations becauce a menace to the world ought Way to be broken up. They certainly made for peace.

PIRKT PONT OF EMPIER,

น

appeared on the platform at the Queen's Hall to appeal to Irishmen in London to enlist in the London Irish Rifles, Mr. Redmond said: have just concluded a visit to the French and English and Bel- ginn lines. I have just finished the most interosting, the most thrilling, and the proudest week of my life. (Cheers.)

It consists of a summary of the official communiqués and of reports received from agencies. There is an agreement, by which the Government Adde whatever news it may consider desirable to circulate.

The message is of about 700 words and is retransmitted from Teneriffe, Las Palmas, Daker (French Africa), and other places, so that it may reach the far corners of the world... in Under favourable conditions it can be picked up from Paldhu by ships in the Red Sea. The French Foreign Minister has been in communication with Marconi House with a view to deciding what French news shall be inclinded.

FIVE SHELLS TO ONE, First of all, the one great, impression that I have brought back from the front ia the absolute confidence of our troops There are no pessimists at the front (Cheers.) From the Commander-in-Chief down through all ranks of the Army there is one feeling, that of absolute con al study of the meaning of Empire.fidence in the result of this war. (Cheera) crder to bring this about, he suggested I can say from my experience there reglar exchange of visite by working that there is a universal feeling of class students between the Dominions and the mother country, a system of ex fecentment against those people changing touchers with the Dominions, the this country who are spreading the spirit stirring up of legal education authorities of pessimism, (Cheers) It has been said to the importance of education in the to mo over and over again: Why is not duties of Empire; and other plans for the all-is-lost-brigade" acut to the front? (Laughter.) The one remoty for any man crusade of Empire."

who in deprossed or despondent is to go to meet the troops at the front. The real truth of the matter is this: So far as the Western front is concerned Germany is beaten (Cheers.) Every day and every hour she is gotting weeker on that front and we are getting stranger. For every shell the Germans throw to-day we throw five (cheers); and anybody who would at tempt to preach pessimism in the English or the French or the Belgian lines to-day feeble squeak for years on this question would get a very uncomfortable reception, had been only toe painfully conscious all

The second grent broad impression the time that they were met with complete indifference, not to say hostility, from which I have brought back from my visit the great body of the working class. Its the amazing carerstand organiza was therefore a great encouragement to tion. No one can understand the organize them to find that after all the great body tion of that Army of 1,000,000 men and of the nation was waking up to the immore who has not seen something of it..

We wonder how £4,000,000 £5,000,000 day are spent. A visit to the front, is a great revelation. Although I do not know much about military matters, I still thought I had an intelligont know ledge, speaking generally, about those af fairs, but I found that I was in a state of profound ignorance.

War would not come to an end after this struggle, but he believed it would be Lord Milner expressed completo sym- more rare. The sage of empires would pathy with the spirit in which the loc be the next before the parliament of nan, turer approached the question. Nothing, the federation of the world. It became he said, was more impressed upon him the more important to trace the inner than the fact that anything like progress spirit of the movement of England to in constructive Imperial work was absol wards umpire resealed in its poetry.uely impossible in a democratie country When did the British poetry of Empire much more in a group of democratic begin? It pan with the Tudor kings, countries unless the mass of the people whose reign Fused Walt with England, took a real interest in the work. Those added Ireland and ended with the in-who, tike himself, had been raising a clusion of Scotland. A fired port was a prose port, Richard Hakluyt, author of The Famous Voyages," the prose epic of the modern English nation, as Froude called it. The Voyages inspired Elizabethau puetry. Their influence could be rend in Marlowe and Shakes

peare.

...

The interfusion of Elizabelian actionportance of the question, owing no doubt and letters had been well expressed by very largely to the war. The word Em young Aastralian and Oxford poet, Mr. pine" lind" been a stumbling-block for Archibald Strong, in his Sonnets of the ears. It was a tremendous obstacle to Empire. The Elizabethau poetry was the the true understanding of Imperalism. common heritage of ourselves, of Canada. But he was glad that it had not been The abandoned, for people generally had now Australia and the United States. Elizabethans had made the poetry of the ene to realize that when non spoke of Bible part of this heritage by the Au- the British Empire" they meant, not domination, force, or militarism, but the

thorised version,

TENNYSON, THE PROPHET PORT,

The organization is perfect in every pos the the trans port of cothing, and the transport of am- hot transport of comparing, the troops, munition is going on to-day like clock

free States to maintain the great human permanent organic union of a number of ideals which were common to them.

did

CAKE FOR ROULA AND BODIES.

The medical organization is amazing. A

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Let me say just one thing which touched me and filled my heart with hope. In ARAKAN... one part of the firing trenches I went to 1 found a battalion of the Ulster division from Belfast (cheers) side by side with the TJISONDARI Dublins (Loud cheers.) I spoke to them all, and I found that so far from any friction having arisen between them, they KARIMOEN ... were there like true comrades and brother (Cheers.) I pray God that Irishmen Irish hattalion goes into action, there may go on. I pray that wherever an may be a battalion, of the Ulster division need not alongside of them. (Cheers,)

is the way point the moral to you. That to end the unhappiness, the discords, and the confusion of Ireland. If Irish people come together in the trenches, risk their lives together, and spill their blood together, there is to power on earth which, when they come home, can induce them to turn as enemies one upon the other.

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The one complaint I have to make with reference to the Trisly regiments is that dispatches, (Chees) At the front their deeds are the theme on every tongue. they do not get sufficient recognition in THE from that of the Commander-in-Chief down; but if you are to judge from the official dispatches they have done nothing very remarkable. To-night I repeat an appeal which I made in the House of

THE DESOLATION OF BELGIUM. Yesterday I spent in Belgium. I have never in any life, felt so thrilled by a and indignation. Such a spene of desola tion and horror you cannot conceive. Churches battered to the ground and, what should fouch us even more nearly. go down the centre of the street you. have to climb over heaps of broken fur niture, broken statues of the Virgin and of our Lord, and the little utensils, and household goods of these people in one The bombardment great mass of ruin,

To-day

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More imperial still was the poetry of these matters. On the contrary, itation. War is a terrible thing and bring still go in the town of Nieupart, which 50-Ton Hydenulis TESTING MACHINE for Chains, Wire Ropes, Hivets, etc.

dreamed of universal peace, that the

00.

was a fourishing, fashionable seaside re- sort before the war, there is not a single man or woman or child. The day before we went there the shelling had been re- from it I do not know. There was just ewed-what military object to be derived

superb Cathedral standing, and the day one small portion of une tower of that before I went there the Germans battered

dow

KING ALBERT.

down, bat Cromwell and Bake revived The Stuarts let the Imperial spirit die it, and it was heard again resounding in

The lecturer had spoken of the necessity Milton Marvell. Then came the long wars, which found their song, their echo, for giving immediate practical attention work. their record in Dryden and Addison, to the solution of the problems of Empire after the war. Tiine was when he thought firay and Collins, Burns and Cowper that anything like an organic union of Scott, Wordsworth, Southoy and Camp- bull. Yet this was still the poetry of the British Empire was a thing which few yards behind the firing trench is a Commons recently that when any regi- a priest or elergyman. does something particularly gallant there the United Kingdom rather than of the would come about very slowly and gradn-first aid hospital. There is the doctor,ment, English, Irish, Scottish, or Welsh,

ally. He thought now that in the heat there also is Empire proper the real Empire.

of the strength of feeling which the war (Chears) From there the wounded man is should be official recognition of the fact. The Colonial self-governing Empire had excited it was pessible to fued metals brought a little further back to the ambu-(Choers.)⠀ was very modern, existing in solution in a short time which, in ordinary cirlancos, and he goes by ambulance straight earlier, but crystallised by Mr. Chamber cumstances, might take years to weld. He away to the clearing hospital. In cases Jain and the South African wor. It believed that there would be a great op- which are aut too bad for the treatment, brought in a whole range of new poetry.portunity-perhaps the only opportunity it is true to say that, within about seven or with new souuery and setting adding to of doing something really decisive soon eight hours a wounded coldier many be back the poetry of Snowdon, Loch Lomond after the war was over, and for that rea here in London (cheers), while the really and Killarney, the Tay and the Thames, on he attached iminense importante serious cases will be in the great hospitals, the Sovern and the Shannon, the poetry the great amount of educative work and anything more perfect it is impossible every house battered to the ground. To of the St. Lawrence, the Zamiesi, the which was now being done in regard to to conceive. (Cheers,) I am perfectly Murray and the Indus, of the Himalayas Imperial questions. The depth and ex- and the Matoppos, the Rocities and tent of the interest which was taken in there that no army in the field in the whole Mount Cook.

subject in these days were something quite history of the world ever had as perfect

a medical organization. (Cheers.) novel. The absorbing interest of the war

Boise may I say of the religious organi. against the consideration Hot militato

out many brutal acts, but war also very which embodied the aims and ideals of furthered their consideration. the Empire itself. Of this the first, and White the flower of our manhood were often brings out all that is good in a man still in some ways the greatest, poct was fighting for the preservation of the Em (Cheers.) No one can go as I went and Tennyson, a true prophet poet. In the pire, the elder men and the women could see the Cathalie chaplain, the Protestant seventies he announced in a letter to a nos be better employed than in getting chaplain, and the Presbyterian chaplain friend at Sydney his creed and vision

sume clear ideas as to what ought to be working hand in hand (chrer) is the true that England and her colonies should be done for it and with it the moment the sense of Christian brotherhood; no one as much one empire as the counties of

war was over; He believed that very witness as I did the wave of religious emo. England are the kingdom. In yonth he shortly after the end of the war they tion and enthusiasm which sways the way drum throks no longer, and the battle would and themselves, notonter, volentes, troops of all religions without admitting fing is furked." Then he saw it could to face the main problem of Im that with all its horrors war does bring out

perial organization, not as an academic something that is noble in human nature. only be reached gradually. He always question, but as an inediate practices]

I saw the men in the front firing line

Then I was presented to the King of desired to see England strong and well question. It would be forced upon them and in the support lines, and all along armed as the bulwark of freedom. Soon from the Dominions, even if it were not through France and Belgian I found them the Belgians. (Cheers.) There is no more he saw that England alone was not strong universally raised here; and if the war enough for this mission, that the colonies really proved to be a fire in which to cheery, confident, well-clothed, healthy, heroic figure and no more tragie figure wero & source of strength, not of weak- nites, and wrote the famong lines about work the stubborn and refractory material and fit in appearance and I came to the in the world to-day, or perhaps indeed which the Empire was composed into a conclusion that no army in the history of it would not be to much to say in the with a kingdom 25 miles long and 10 Canada in the epilogue to the Idvlie, real new organic body politic, the advan- the world was ever better looked after and pages of history. There he stands alone milea deep, with the remnant of nis following them up with his many patrio

people in the trenches. He spends his tis and Imperial nieces, especially the tage to humanity would be at least a cared for than our Army in the field.

time entirely in the trenche, or riding powerful poem on the Feet, the truth great compensation for all the sufferings

That great work of organization, amse about the lines or looking across the sea ing as it is when you come to think of it, into the immeasurable future for some hope with one quaver in his heart of his mind, for his country or his people, but put work of organization is the work of the There he stands and there he will stand, administrative staff, I think that nothing whatever the result may be for the in- more mischievous or cowardly has ever dependence of his country and for the been done in public life in this country rights of his people, (Chooks) than the speech the other day in the House He asked me to bring back to the Irish of Lords of Lord St. David's, who pictured people the expression of his good will the General Staff which is working all this and gratitude, and I ended the interview General Smuts, Minister of Defence, in great system as having a good time, as beby assuring him that, some weal or woe, and the poets who sang of the present a rousing speech to an overflowing massing made of shirkers, young fellows of so-long as it rested with us in Ireland struggle, Oxford posts like Mr. Laurenes Binyon and Cambridge poets like Mr. meeting in the City Hall, Cape Town, high social position who have taken no we would have no peace which had not as Rupert Brocke, There vere a few, be recently, predicted that he would obtain share in the fighting, and who are living its fire condition the repatriation of the wondered there were no more, English in a few days the necessary men for the idle and vicious lives.

East African Contingent.

In conclusion, let me say that I have He emphasized the urgent necessity of I say without circumlocation that that FROM THE IRISH TAQUES TO IRELAND. poets, too, who sang of the achievements of the Empire and not only of England; this campaign in order to complete the is a lie. (Cheers.) I have been a witness

of like Miss Jessie Pone in her "Sons, work of driving out the German Bag from of the work of this administrative staff. brought back from the Irish troops from the Maple Leaf. This spirited pioce Southern Africa, and pointed out that These men are at work before 5 o'clock in the front message to Infand. I told would form a natural introduction of the South Africa was not protected by the the morning, and they go on with their them that I brought them a message from next lecture, in which he would invite them to look at the Empire through the Monroe doctrine like America, by dis-work after dinner until 10 or 11 w'elock Ireland of sympathy and of pride and en power like Asia, and, therefore, it was they are the hardest-worked men I have back the message to Ireland that they felt, a special call do, and the clear-duty ofprer come across So far from being shir every man of them, that in this war they the Union to see territory in Southern feru, almost all the young men who ars were fighting, not merely for the abso Africa inviolate against the designs found employed-upon the Stuff are men who have lute principle of liberty and right, not at the merely to avenge Belgium, but already served in this war, who have been were fighting for the freedom and pros- perity of their own beloved Ireland. sacrifices of the Fr tribute to the wounded and severely wounded.

of which this last year had brought out with such clearness. When he died he handed on the sacred torch to the fore.

of the war.

LORD ST. DAVID'S CHARGES AGAINST THE STATY

most Imperial poet of to-day. If Tenny- GENERAL SMUTS' PRIDE IN deals with over 1,000,000 men. That great

son was the Muses of the British Empire, Rudyard Kipling was its Joshua.

There were other partial pacts of En pire, poets cf action-Sir Francis Doyle, Bir Alfred Lyall, Andrew Lang, with the present Laureate, Sir Henry Newbolt, Sir Owen Serman, Mr. Arthur Benson, author of Land of Hope and

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French nation was the some of these shirkers leading idle and (Cheers). All they ask is that Ireland WHICH ARE REPLETE WITH ALL THE LATEST AND MOST UP-TO-DATE signal for a storm of cheers, and he was vicicas lives, and I inquired who they will stand by them. Insland has sent them also warmly cheered when he said that the noble example set by Great Britain, were I found they were man who had to the front, Ireland's duly is to stand by where, without compulsion, millions of been shot through both lungs nine months them; and what I would way to the righ had come forward, made him prond ago, who had recovered from their wounds, people is that Ireland would for ever be able to state with authority that there is the Empire to which he belonged. His and who had gone now, instead of being disgraced in the history of the world if,

The Admiral Commanding-in-Chief Chins Station has announced that he is

no intention to close the Suez Canal. This.

is with reference to a statement in theeling was that if we started this out right back to the frost, to help at having sent these men to the front, they struggle with a certain amount of lake Headquarters for the purpose of doing did not raise the necessary reserves to

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