1915-11-19 — Page 7

WINTER AMID THE ICE PEAKS.

HOW THE ITALIAN ALPINI ARE

EQUIPPED.

DANGER AND HUMOUR ON DIZZY HEIGHTS.

"PERE JOFFRE,”

THE HONGKONG DAILT PREIS, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 191¤, IYIB.

THE GENERAL AND THE CITIZEN:

BY OWEN JOHNSON.]

were

I had but a short five minutes to wait. I remember Lieutenant S saying to me: "Remember the look in his eyes-the eyes especially are extraordinary.

TERRORISM AS A POLICY-

I then put to him the question that had been uppermost in the minds of Ameri eans from the beginning:jej

NAVAL OPERATIONS.

BRITAIN'S ADAPTABILITY

Mr. Ashmead Bartlett in the Daily Tele- General Jiffre, was the destruction and graph describes the Navy's officient trans desolation wrought in Belgium and the forntation of the Dardanelles feet when north of France simply the work of indi-the risk of losing valuable warships was viduals or the result of a fixed policy ?" sver great.. It was obvious that unleas "A fixed policy," he said instantly, we carried the straty by a coup de main We arrived by well-guarded roads and

The policy of terrorism was as coldly and our fleet would be unable to remain in- past vigilant sentinels at X before a

calmly determined upon as the decision to definitely off the coast, because hostile sub- violate the neutrality and break the marines were certain to come. For three The other day I was taken to a place modest three-storey country house with n Somewhere in Italy" to see the winter

An air of simplicity per national word of honour in the invasion of weeks after the first landing the fleet was

Belgium. It is the German military theory left in

peace: Then trouble began. equipment of the troops, says the special meagre garden.

of invasion, decided upon by the German Rumours rippled down the Mediterranean correspondent of the Daily Nere at thevaded everything. No sentries Italian Front. Everything in it was in without, no bustle of officers thronging the military leaders, that the way to break from Gibraltar, Malta, Matapan. and We went into the inner hall be- down the resistance of the country you are Smyrna, and the mighty Queen Elisabeth" tended for the winter equipment of the

garden. Alpini troops. The Alpini is battling not

fore we niet an orderly a powerful, leon-invading is to devastate it, burn its vil-left for the North Sea.

lages, shout civilians on trumped-up pre-

** NEVER. 'BRATEN," only with snow and fog and terribly cold

troops to stop the fire of the enemy, as they w-uds, like those which sweepencross the no figure of a mountaineer, rather a con-

Then after the Triumph and Injextir did in numerous cuses with us, in the bo plains of Poland and Galicia, but has the cierge than a guard. additional hardship of having to live prac

lief that human beings can be terrorized were sunk the fleet retired to sheltered to the extent that they will prefer to sur-harbours, and were protected by booms and tically isolated for weeks at a Limne amongst

The Turks exulted, and issured the render rather than risk the horrible results nots. the scarcely accessible erngs of the frozen

Cinous manifesfo to the Allied troops de of resisting the invader." Alps. Shod with thick felt valenkis which reach to his hips, the Russian soldier de- The next moment I was signalled, and.

"The proof that it was a settled policy claring that the fleet had deserted "then, fies sideslips on the tracks of hardened entering a library in the back, found myof military tactics is that from the moment and offering them a welcome at Constan But they forgot the old maxita -snow kept open by the passage of his self in the presence of General Joffre,

I had at once the impression of meeting they realized that they might lose-that is, tinople. edge transport; the Alpini has to keep

prived, never besten. We are never ready. his own tracks open; it is only by constant the simplest and most approachable of, after the Battle of the Marne they of the Anglo-Saxon mice is "Always m

There was nothing of the war Jord stopped it."

"And the question of peace," I asked but the marvellous talent, and improvisa- use of the mountain paths that a narrow

"if it is not indiscreet Then, as aw tion of the braing at home, worked out a strip of foothold, is soured; and it is over about him of the dramatic wielder of de this that he will have to carry food for him-stinies that sweeps ahead the easily tricked him hesitate, I added quickly, "I ask that scheme to recover command of the Medi-

I should say that self and his comrades and munitions for popular inngination.

guns of battleships without their vulner unfortunately misinformed persons his rifle along the face of precipices where he was above all a man of deep reflection because there are many well meaning but terranean. They designed craft carrying

and slinken glecision; a man so possessed

America who believe that the cause of ability tá submarine attack. More rumours Mediterrancan of males cannot be employéd.

with the one result sought as to be able to

moment by seeking an immediate peace strange craft sighted towards the Levant surround himself with a cabinet of brilianity is best served at the present rippled down the

The first arrived in July, almost flush wra liant, audacious spirits as well as those

the water, carrying a 9.2 gun, in the bow who build slowly and without risk-to hear and weigh each conflicting opinion, to ap-

and a 6-inch astern prezinte each and to tak, his decision un- emotionally. He struck me as the supreme Conversing with court of common sense. him, you received the feeling that he would never risk all on the cast of a die or pat his faith in sudden inspiration. He is out to win, to risk nothing; absolutely relent- less, seeing war tatis not as a conflict of genius hut as an irresistible avecleration of the momentum of great bodies.

We have been struck with the proclivity of the mile to walk on the outward edge of a path with n sheer drop of a couple of thousand feet awaiting it (and it rider) should it miss its footboi. Pull it into wards the rocks as you wil the animal still drass away to the outside edge and leaves you with one leg hanging over space. The inule is more intelligent than the novice It knows that Kaile perched on its bark if it let its normal lead gallide with the mountain side it would be thrown off its balance, and then might easily be hurled down the precipice on the brink of which it is quite safe as long as it is allowed to

Ka. Alpini con trav pick its own way. ers paths which are impassable for a mule with its harden; but to use their hat has to l properly equipped. Strong stadded hoots are an essential, and with these the Alpine regiments will be well provided for winter work in the mountains.

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"PEACE TO-DAY WOULD BE A CRIME," He answered with more salemity and

Another smaller followed, carrying wo earnestness, with a flash of the strong, brand new 6-inchers, the same as the Li underlying mental stabbornness for the

sie's. As the crew said, the Turks were: Peace to-day would be a crime toward probably amused after comparing the right which is characteristic:— posterity. It would only be an armistice Quren Elizabeth, but they sang a differ The in which every nation would continuent fun when they fund this by throw

The 200th of high explosives 12 miles.

next arrival caused a sensation among too intelligent to.

An amazing- feverishly to prepare for war, deceive itself or to be deceived. We are both the enemy and Allies, French nation is not fighting & nation with the same deas looking ohjeet wobbled into Kepimlo har as our own, but a nation drunk with the bour, apparently round-shaped, ánda idea of Iniperiai domination, a nation huge tripod arose from the centre of the JISONDARI The first subject which we discussed was which believes that in the progress of deck. With great difficulty, steering vilely, the world there is no place for little the vessel entered the crowded harbour. the ever-present one in my mind, demo-

nations Tho decision as to whether Thousands of eyes were riveted on her. KARIMOEN craty-fortunately for me, for it was un

Europe will continue as free and The like had not been seen before. Then opening which found an instant response.

General Joffre." I said, in my coon-dividual will be made in this war alone.the ere began to bathe in fact, they try we stand to-day divided into two dis-Either we win the right now to come seemed to possess the power to walk on the TJIKEMBANG tinet groups, despite all the ominous wara-democratic and peaceful, ur we surrender water. Tens of thousands of pairs are piler in

First, there is an Europe to the imposition of an Imperial ings of this confict.

You will and, wherever you or,

We set off in boats to investigate, and one of these stores which is somewhere awakened group which has peace as its ides. in Italy and really good serviceable

out 10 feet; then curved under, forming a Army boats they are, fitted with all the ultimate ideal of the progress of civiliza-that the French people know this, Jou

tion, but which, face to face with the will find them absolutely of one opinion, found below the surface the sides bulge They are prepared for anything, and

In the bulge there is devices that can be invoted to make them

they know what the issue is. We do not platform awash. need to lie to our soldiers. No matter provision to defeat a submarine. If a non-slipping whether on ice or rocks. The realities of modern history, is seeking ( soles are dreadnoughts, the uppers as soft use the country to the necessity of mili

vinced idealists who believe that the how long the war lasts, it will be fought tarpede strikes, it will explode amid a These out until we have conquered the right variety of substances, which we mus{_not us anything you wantd choose for townary preparation; second, a group of con

20 ur establishment of an army in fact, the very to leave a heritage of pract

children.'

11.27

huge raonitors carry two 14-inch and anti- xlow, but confidence of defence is based on the prin ciple that the discipline of military organ- "Of course, another winter's aircraft guns. Their speed

frightful as the last one.".

The monitors soon settled down to work. No," he said, "It will be very fer- test you could see teas of thousands of mermy,”

Later, the sets of thick, worm uniform.clothing, wool

Elymion and Thewas arrived, fearing underclothing, socks, and what struck do not think there is any danger to the ent. That is one thing we have been The Turks and Hus realised we were re-

are prepared now, for

no submarines, being protected by waist- me as particularly thoughtful and useful spirit of democracy in military prepara-working on for months. It will be very gaining command of the sea.

line sweater which felt as though it tion was Joftre's reply. (When he speaks, different, We

he speaks slowly, rather seeking his words many things. One thing silver belts hung from their sides by stanchions

and wire ropes. would retain any degree of human heat.

and ice for days and weeks,' Impressed as I am with the steps taken then carried away by the sound of his own will try to avoid the standing in water to ensure the comfort of the Italian troops words.) It is not simply the need of pre- during the winter, I cannot write less en-aration for war, but the need of self-dis

cipline. thusiastically-upon what I have seen of the spirit in which the ren themselves envisage the prospect of a campaign in heights where human beings in any num

They bers have never wintered before. are now holding peaks and crags which the expert climber is proud to reach with the aid of a guide in open weather, and they are proposing to stay there until next spring, in company with the mountain uns or mitrailleuse they have carried up in parts and pieced fogether.

wena'.

mention, and the hill Escapes, The hunts are, of course, very heavy, but each man in his winter equip. ment will find a pair of light boots to lieve feet when off duty.

vies chef thousands of pairs of zation undermines the spirit of depaign," I suggested, will never, ite as

"Where a nation is truly republican, I

ARMY NOT THE MASTER BUT THE SERVANT OF THE NATION,

I changed to another subject.

General Joffre, with us we consider that the sinking of the Tusitania was abore all things a moral and spiritual tragedy for the German race, a fright ful unuiasting of the extent to which a We military despotism had crashed the in- stincts of the individual conscience. cannot conceive that an officer could be found to obey such an order

The answer he gave me was sub- stantially the answer I had received from every public men in France:-

In a republic. where the spirit of individual liberty is always strong, mili- tary servien gives the citizen a quality of self-discipline which he, perhaps, needs to respect the rights of others as well as to be able to act in organized bodies, If you have the dread of military service in America it may be because you are looking at the German ideal rather than at the French. The art of war is practically the sarac everywhere; the same general prin- The dis- ciples are taught everywhere. Unelion holween the French army and the German is a difference in the conception HUMOUR MOVE THE CLOUDE,

of the rule of the soldier. The theory of They have already made themselves com-

the Germans is to make of the soldier a They have given street names

They do not wish him to think fortable. to the gullies in the rocks leading to the machine.

for himself, By their discipline of fear trenches.. You can read Via Trento ". and. "Avenue Victor Emman 111" they rob him of initiative, and make his crudely painted on the stones at the en-movements absolutely mechanical entirely subject to the will of his officer. That is trance of communication trenches. humour our Italian Allies, who fight well why they must attack in close formation. above the heights at which aeroplanes fly, To carry out this theory, the officer class are not une whit behind our British boys has been made into a Brahmin caste. To perpetuate this kind of feudal supremacy, in the trenches of France and Flanders.

Underneath the great working head of, "They are busy laying out gardens, and the officer does not converse directly with commander" he stopped and added you can see one high up in cloudland with the privates, but transmits his orders significantly nor many other orders." ist a few drooping fir branches, planted through the agency of an intermediary the multiplied military activity tho as a guarantee of good faith. with a notice clase-sorgrants and agency of an interme-citizen of the Republie had shone orth

diary class-sergeants and corporals. You the idealist for whom honour, humanity. have been to the front, in the trenches and and moral pride were not simply fig- in the camps.

You must have seen howments of peace, but the inspiring, en- nabling incitements to heriosm in war, TO ADMIRE different it is with us"

THE WOMEN OF FRANCE, THE FRENCH SOLDIER AND HIS OFFICERS.

board

I IS

DANGEROUS UNSAFE TO STOP HERE

THE FLOWERS!

In

FOR FRAGMENTS OF 12IN. SHELLS APPLY TO THE BERGEANT FAURIER

Nu French Government would impose such an order, knowing that it could no

We cannot give inhumani be obeyed. commands to human beings. With us the army is not the master but the servant a publie conscience which is the sum of of the nation, and the nation reposes on the consciences of its soldiers; and our No such responsibility to that conscience is higher order could ever be given by French than any military necessity.

1111

ap our

"Nothing has impressed me more," I

I repeated to him the answer a little answered, than your spirit of fraternity, working woman had given me in one of Paris-a and a In fact, if I had not seen its practical the crowded workrooms of

woman who had lost one son Down over the ridge on the other side

The working out, I might believe, as many you hear the merry click of howls. Alpini have levelled up a rocky ledge as hastly observers must, that it could be sub-brother already who, answering

question as to whether her courage was versive of discipline.

as ever, had replied The game, owing to the a bowling green,

No, no," he took up warningly, that still as strong difliculties of the terrain, as the official

is not so. Our discipline is not the dis proudly:-

We woment. must kep We do everything that communiqué would say, consists largely in Jobbing the opponent's ball or the jack out cipline of fear.

Our soldiers are who must give courage to our men."

a moment. pro of place because you cannot gauge the we can to impress the necessity of this courage, Monsieur, for we are the ones

He looked away niceties of spin and side with spikes of spirit of fraternity. mountain sticking up here and there. But treated as intelligent human beings, cap-

Every day men come from the great feeling omen! They are sublime our Alpine allies are anticipating a beauti. able of thinking for themselves in great foundly touched, and then said, with ful level green in a few weeks' time when crises,

ranks into leadership. The private sol the shows.comE.

dier is an inexhaustible store from which No one ever knew how heroic they could at necessity we can replenish our staff of be-not even themselves. There will be They, in turn, are taught that no flinching there. Even the mothers They their soldiers are their children: nothing who have lost their sons, their only sons. that their private soldiers need or desire will not permit us to stop now. xust be indifferent to them; they watch have made their sacrifice without com- over their comforts and neersities, share plaint only it must not be

sacrifice.Callier, Werly. their food with thero and endure the same They live together as a great hardships. family. When we make a charge, the officer lends his men always no one has to tell him that and he does not need to look around to see if he is followed."

art..

officers.

MR. CHURCHILL AS PAINTER."- Mr. Winston Churchill (Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster) has appeared in a new role he has stepped from politics into Walking in a street in London one day recently he suddenly developed a tast for painting Ho bought some materials and an artist's manual and returned to the country, where he applied himself to study. Next day he painted a good picture He painted a dozen landscapes and some por traits, which revealed distinct artistic gifts It is expected that he will show at the International Society's Autumn Exhi-sudden seriousTLESS. bition next month.

"In the final ecrisis," I suggested "1 should think this loyalty might be a deter- mining factor."

The affectionate smile disappeared in s "T1 will. Whatever happers, the French Army will never crack. It did not The Palt Heil Gazette shates:-" To Mr Churchill it has seemed an ordinary thing in the first unequal weeks; it never will to accomplish in an incredibly short space When the day comes that the German Army must retreat in the face of defent, of time what others were unequal to accom- plish in years. Artista express the opinit is quite possible that when their theory ion that if he gives up politics there as of discipline-the discipline of fear is not the slightest question that he will reach placed to that final test, the result may

be a rout." great eminence in art "

"Oh, our

useless

FORTHCOMING EVENTS

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