1915-07-10 — Page 6

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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, JULY 10TH, 1915,

THE HAPPY WARRIORS,

wore thickly powdered with it. They nhout sang, coughingly, a weird coug being very dry-dry dry dry-how dry UNFAILING GOOD SPIRITS OF OUE. how dry! Tunics were unbuttoned and SOLDIERS AT THE FRONT. thrown back, perspiration streamed in

rivulets down their

44

-EXPLAINING THE WAR.

MACHINE GUNS.

The following is one of à sories of articles by exports which the Daily Mail is publish- ing for the purpose of explaining features of the war that often pazzle the ordinary readers:

In

Yet they san were tired-dog-tire oy chooks, and they [BY PERCIVAL PHILLIPS IN THE

beside me. The column halted DAILY GRAPHIC."]

Sergeant-Major came out of a cottage with a magpie sitting solemnly on his

Machine guns are weapons designed to Baitish HeaDQUARTERS... thumb Instantly a volley of queries:

IN THE FIELD.

Co's your friend, Bill Mind your fire the ammunition used by the military The more I ace of the British Army in pockets, bogs; there's a black thief rifle with great speed. They are, in fact, Does he talk French?" rifles with a mechanical feed which sup the field the moro I am impressed by its around!" cheery optimism and unquenchable good "That's a German magpie; watch him, plies them rapidly with cartridges. spirits. It works and plays with the same Crude jests mayk, but they served their all modern patterns they are automatic in The gas produced by the explo good-humoured zest; mothing on dis purpose. Two little boys ran out of the action. hearten it. Until the gas-poisomera began cottage carrying pails of water and cupssion or the sheek of the recoil opens the their work it was an say that regarded The paila were emptied by these thirsty breech, ejects the spent cartridge, loads the foe impersonally, Killing was the men in a few seconds, with many a joke the rifle, closes the breech, and fires the These, complicated operations business in hand, but killing without for the baful youngsters who did this charge.

are carried out with extraordinary spoed. malice: flower-cofered graves for dead service.

How long have you been

To give an example, the Maxim, one of the enomics and cigarettes for live prisoners.

best known machine-guns and the pattern Now the business of killing is full of bit march?" I asked one grey apparition.

A thousand sanguinary years," said that is employed in the British Army, can Yet terness and there are no flowers.

We do this for fun fire at least 450 rounds a minute, or over oven the menace of the new death has nota hoarse voice.

Mon Got a match? choked the spirit of cheerfulness,

The hattalion moved on and disappear-seven shota per second, and if in excep take their turn in the gas zone with a grim resolve to swell the enemy's casualty listed in a whirling cloud, while the magpis. tionally good order and cleverly operated with their own, but they oan jest even cocking his head wisely, listened to the can discharge 200 rounds a minute.

dying chant: "Still dry-still dry-still when they are gasping for breath.

Another pea soup fog," said a North | dry_ Somerset lad to a comrade in the trenches

the

THE MAXIM OUN.

when he saw the wall of gas vapour stal MR. BRYAN'S RESIGNATION.slides one inch as it recoils and thus actu-

PRESIDENTS ACCEPTANCE. Secretary Bryan's letter of resignation was as follows:

ing towards him "It isn't safe to bo out in the night air." It's a bad day for the Lord Mayor'a procession," said! a London rifleman when the fog swept over his trench He lay in a dug-out for an hour, his face buried in a respirator, and then staggered into the open air dizzy but practically unhurt. Reminded me of the Thames Embankment on a Novem.conclusion that I should return to you the of Secretary of State with which ber morning," he said to me when I saw him in hospital, except that it was much you honoured me at the beginning of your

administration,

safer. No trams."

LIVING TO WRITE ANOTHER DAY.

MY DEAR MR. FLSIEST It is with sincere regret that I have nached the commission

"Obedient to your sense of duty and actuated by the highest motives, you have The chaplain attached to this clearing prepared for tranemission to the German station was going among the new arrivals Government & note in which I cannot join as they lay on stretchers in the opon air without violating what I deem to be an after having their wounds dressed, and obligation to my country, and the issue giving each man a regulation postcard-involved is of such moment that to remain a one of the sort which is prepared for the member of the Cabinet would-be as unfair to post by scratching out some printed you as it would be to the cause which is sentences and leaving others. He same to nearest my heart, namely, the prevention of a victim of gas-a more boy-who stared war. at the card suspiciously.

Would you like to send your people a postcard, my boy 1" said the chaplain, and wont on to the next stretcher. Doca does this mean that I am going to die asked the lad as he tried to scrawl a name across the front of the card. "Noassise," retorted an orderly who was passing. "You'll be as right as rain in a work."

Then I'll wait before I write," said the soldier, there's no use wasting the oard. Besides, it says I am wounded." I'm not wounded-I'ra: full of this gas, and as soon as me chest is clear I'm going back to do for some of those Ger: mans. Give us a drink "

HOW TO BE HAPPY THOUGH WOUNDED.

I sat in the grounds of a casually clearing station ains afternoon watch ing the endless procession of Cross motor carS discharging doleful burdens under

Red their

trees

"I, therefore, respectfully tender my re- signation, to take effect when the note is sent, unless you profer an earlier hour. Alike desirous of reading peaceful solution of the problems arising out of the use of submarines against merchantmen, we find ourselves differing irreconcilably as to the methods which should be employed.

"It falls to your lot to speak officially for the Nation. I consider it to be none the less my duty to endeavour, as a privato citizen, to promote the end which you have in view by means which you do not feel at liberty to

use.

In the Maxim gun the cartridges are fed into the weapon by a belt, The-barcel

ates the mechanism. As it lies back it rotates a crank and passes the cartridge belt through the feed block. There are usually 250 rounds on a single bolt. The gua of the pattern used in the British Army is 303in,, or nearly a third of an

It is inch, in bore, and weights 351b. sighted to a range of 2,500 yards.

The barrel of rifle fired rapidly heats To prevent this and becomes red-hot. from happening the Maxim has a water- jacket about its barrel which contains 75 pints of water. If 600 rounds are fired a top speed the water boils, and 14 pints are evaporated for each 1,000 cartridges, that after firing 5,800 rounds the jacke

This need of water and the risk would be empty and would require refilt ing. of the steam escaping and disclosing the position of the gun are the Civo chief draw backs of an otherwise excellent weapon.

Other systems are adopted in some for eign machine-guns to cool the barrel. The Hotchkiss machine gun, used by France, employs a radiator in the form of rings of

otal near the breeca.

The Colt machine-

Forces, has a very thick and solid barrel gu, employed in some of the Dominion which is not so liable to heat.

In the British Army at the beginning of the war the number of machine guns was two to each battalion or cavalry regiment. These were supplied with tripod stands, weighing 44lb., which could be taken In the German "In severing the intimate and pleasant where men could move. relations which have existed between us dur- Army there was an extraordinary develop. ing the past two years permit me to acknow mert of the machine-gua sections shortly ledge the profound satisfaction which it has before the war. Indeed, the enemy is given me to be associated with you in the stated to have taken the field with 60,000 portant work, which has come before the of these weapons, so that each German State Department, and to thank you for the battalion must have had 10, if not more. courtesies shown.

"With the heartiest wishes for your welfare and for the success of your Administration, I am, my dear Mr. President, very truly

"W. J. BRYAN."

yours

The President's letter to Mr. Bryan was as follows:

I heard very few orics of pain. These men had been brought direct from the battlefield with only a halt at the dresing station where first-aid is render- ed. Many were, of course, wholly disabled, hat those who could use their

Mild" MY DEAR MR BRYAN-I accept your legs pluckily tried to walk. casos sat on school forms under the trees resignation only because you insist upon its Shrapnel wounds in the hands and feet; acceptance, and I accept it with much more heads wrapped in untidy, red-stained thari deep regret-with a feeling of personal sorrow. Our two years of close association bandages; arms in alings; one boy with a shattered wrist; an austere Cameronian have been very delightful to me. Our judg nursing an aching leg-these were "mild"ments have accorded in practically every cass that walked or hobbled into the matter of official duty and of public policy dressing-room one after the other. They until now. Your support of the work and reminded me of schoolboys waiting for the purposes of the Administration has been headmaster as they ent in rows, silent, generous and loyal beyond. praise. Your rather dazed, with their thoughts still fixed on the battlefield they had just left You could so that they were in doubt about themselves. The boy with the shat tered wrist watched the busy chaplain furtively and shrank away when he approached. I am sure they connected the figure with the black ghoulder straps

It is for these reasons any feelings about and clerical collar with the little cemetery

Not your retirement from the office of Secretary they had passed on the road, them felt in the least inclined to die, but of State go much deeper than regret. I de what would the surgeons say. The plore it. Our objects are the same, and we sun shone and it was a very pleasant ought to pursue them together. I yield to your desire only because I must, aut wish to bid you God-speed on the parting. We shall continue to work for the same causes, even when we do not work in the same way.

"With affectionate regards-Sincerely

*WOODROW WILSON."

afternoon.

This preponderance gave the enemy an enormous advantago over the Allies at the outset.

THE SUPERIORIFY OF MACHINE GUNS, Actual tests of machine-guns have shown them to be superior to picked marks meo. Thus at a British test in. 1904, 42 first-class shots were pitted against ne Maxim, cach side firing for one minute at a target representing infantry in line at a distance which was unknown, but which was actually 1,000 yards. These were the results:

42 mon 408 rounds 62 hits Machine-gun 700 rounds..350 The machine gun is markedly superior

1.

because, as General Althans has pointed devotion to the duties of your great uthee out, its control and direction are central and your eagerness to take advantage of the hands of one skilled man, whose nin every great opportunity for service it offered is not liable to be disconcerted by the pro- has been an example to the rest of us. You cess of opening and closing the breech have earned our affectionato nemiration and after cach discharge and reloading the friendship. Even now we are not separated magazine when it becomes exhausted.

The wachine-gun has another advantage in the object we seek, but only in the method

it occupies little space on a front, and so by which we seek its

long as the two men needed to work it re main untouched its efficiency is unaffected The extraordinary by the excise res

yours,

They disappeared in turn through the open door of the clearing station. could see the nurses and surgeons bonding over one broken soldier after another. Presently they came hobbling back into the sunshine the lad with a bandaged wrist looking very white and ill but

and reasured,

almost smiling; the Cameronian leaning on the shoulder of su orderly ("Mon, but I'm a heavyweight), an ex-London newsboy winking with his SIR unbandaged eye-happy, all of them, for they would soon he fit. Man, but I wud make a gran photograph," said the Scots- man to me as he lowered himself on a bench. Wull ye tak me with my leg like this?" and he pointed to his swath ings. His face was caked with dirt and perspiration. "There's bean verra ane sport in youder ironches, to my thinkin'," he continued, "I'd like to be getting back to it. Is it tea in yender pot" He took a great mag in his hairy hands, winked solemnly at me, and drained is at a gulp.

STIEL DRY-STILL CHEEKY.

My motor-ear halted at a crossroads to lets famous battalion of infantry pass Big men they were some of the pick of England's manhood. They had bean tramping for hours through a blinding doud of dust, and faces, uniforms, caps

A NEW BARONET. FRANK BOWDEN AND IIIS WORK IN THE CYCLE WORLD. The following extract from the London Daily News confirms and amplifies what' we grote of the new Baronet. when the Birthday Honours were announced:-

volums of are given by a number of machine guns when concentrated will pre- as the guns and the personnel remain in- vent any attack from succeeding so long tact. Any blunder is far more terribly punished when these guns are in the field; as in a few minutes a whole battalion may be wiped out.

The disadvantage of the machine-gun lies in the immense quantity of ammuni tion which it needs. Because its fire is s highly concentrated in comparison with that of a number of riflemer, the waste due to errors of aiming or élévation 18 great and it may altogether miss a target which would be struck by the rifle men even if these made the samic error.

The German machine-gun is the maxim of .311in. calibre; the French the Hotch- kiss and Puteaux of 215in.; the Belgian the Hotchkiss of 301; the Russian the Maxim of 300 calibre; and the Austrian the Schwartzloss of .315 libre.

Cyclists throughout the Empire will wel- come the name of Sir Frank Bowden, Bart, amongst the Birthday Honours, for probably no man has done more to pla the British bicycle in the vanguard of the « CONSCIENCES OF STEEL.”

world.

M. CLEMENCEAU'S REPLY TO GERMAN CHALLENGE.

The story of how Sir Frank came to he connected with the cycle is a romance of industry. At the age of 22 he obtained a in Hongkong. lucrative appointment

M. Clemenceau has replied to Herr There the debilitating climate seriously

the affected him, and in 1886 he returned tBethmann Hollweg's speech in England with a fortune ant an apparent Reichstag. He accepts the challenge ly ruined constitution, Seeking remedies thrown-out-by-the-Imperial Chancellor, he was advised to try_cycling. He did and proceeds (we quote from the Tele- 50, His health iromediately improved; graph's Paris correspondent):- he became interested in the cycle and its trade, with the result that to-day he is the head of the Raleigh Cyclo Co., Ltd.. the largest cycle manufacturing firm in the world, employing 1,700 people, and turn- ing out, before the war, over 60,000 high- grade machines a year.

Sir Frank has taken his bicycle to some of the wildest parts of the eirth, among them the Sahara Desert, and the most re- mote parts of Syria, and has toured exten- sively in the States, Canada, and on the Continent..· ́

On the outbreak of war he and his son placed the resources of their great works at Nottingham at the command of the Government for the supply of munitions of war, on the production of which they bave since been largely engaged.

To what nobler cause will France ever. have the chance to devote herself? And! if the young and the old be eut down, our country will still give more and more, to the last gasp, to the last man on our soil, for we now, all of us, stand one man, who will not, and cannot, be bealben. That is what M. de Beth- TO man-Hollweg will never know. knows only the subjects of the Kaisor, bound by ignominious slavery to a discipline of atrocities.

He does not know what may be expect! ed from consciences made of steel. That is what the French will teach him, and the English, and the Russians, the Belgians, the Serbs, and now Italy. Hark to them, lay figures of the Reichstag, and make room for conquer- >ing civilisation.

utler Jalmer &

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