1915-03-24 — Page 7

were

THE TRANSFont oF TRoors.

With regard to the Army, it should be remembered that we are supplying across the sen, in the teeth of the enemy's oppost tion, an ariny almost as large as the Grand Army of Napoleon, only vastly more complex in organikation and equipment. We are also preparing other armies still larger in number do not know on what day or at what hour the Secretary of State for War will ask the Admiralty to move 20,000 or it may be 10,000 men. It may be at very short notice, and he does not know until we tell him how we shall move them, frequently changed on purpose at the very last moment-it is imperative for the safety of our soldiers and the reinforcement of our armies and the conduct of the war. We have at the present moment a powerful and flexible machinery, which can move whole armies with celerity, wherever desired, in manner never before contemplated or dreamt

margin for safety in vital matters, fulle by what route, or to what ports. Plans are Fleet which does not live in iuclame, but is for, of the novel conditions to which I have

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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 24TH, 1915. 15in. gun with which the five Queen Eliza-or at the Admiralty, play for safely and THE NAVAL SITUATION.

boths and the five Royal Sovereigns are all avoid responsibility for positive nation. If THE FIRST LORD'S STATEMENT,

Armed coming into line, and this gun inny mood or tendency of public opinion In the House of Commons on February

quality equals the 13-6in. gun and le vastly arises, or is fostered by the newspapers or more powerful and destructive. (Cheers,) given countenance to in this House, which makes too much of losses, even if they are 15th, the First Lord of the Admiralty, Mr.

THE STEAMING OF OUR SHIPS.ruel losses, and oron if it may be said that Winston Churchill, reviewed the work of the

There is another remarkable feature of this they are in suno respects avoidablelosses, oven British Navy since the outbreak of War in

action to which I should like to draw T say you will have started on the path great detail. As supplementary to the very

the attention of the House, I mean the which pressed to its logical conclusion would full cabled report which we gave at the time.

steaming of our lips. All the vessels en leave our Navy cowering in its harbours we now give further extracts from his historic

gaged in this action exceeded all their pre-instead of ruling the seas. (Cheers.) When speech.

sious records without exception. I wonder if I think of the great scale of our operations, He id:On the declaration of war we

the House and the public apprecate what the enormous target we expose, the numbers ere able to count upon a Fleet of sufficient

that means? Here is a squadron of the of ships whose movements have to bominuged ORIENTAL good superiority for all our needs, with a

far away from its duck-yarts, and which referred, it is marvellous how few have been mobilized, placed in its war stations, supplied

during six months of war has been constant our losses, and the care and vigilauco and equipped with every requirement, down

1 at sea. All of a sudden the greatest trial oxercised by the admirals afloat and by the to the smallest detail that could be foreseen,

is demanded of their engines, and they all Admiralty staff appears to me, and will with reserves of ammunition and torpedoes

excel all previous peace-time records. Can certainly be regarded by those who study to and above the regular standard, with

you conceive a more remarkable proof of the this war in history, as praiseworthy in the зар ample supplies of fuel and oil, with adequate

excellence of British machinery, of the highest degree. reserves of storts of all kinds, with complete

glorious industry of the engine-room branch, of. systeras of transport and supply, with full

or of the admimble system of repairs and numbers of trained oficers and men of all

The retention of a large number of full refits by which the Grand Fleet is

is maintain- ratings, with a large surplus of reserved and colliers and ammunition ships in attendance ed from to month to month, and can, if need on the Fleet is a navel necessity The bo, be maintained from year to year in a truined men, with adequate establishments for training new men, with an immense pro-retention of a large number of trou state of ceaseless vigilance without exhaus gramme of new construction, rapidly matur- transports is a military necessity. In either

tion? Take the case of the Kent at the Ing, to reinforce the Fleet and replace casual-case ships may be required at an hour's Falklands. The Kent is an old vessel. She ties, and with a prearranged system for se

notion, and have frequently been required at celerating that new construction which has an hour's notice, for urgent service which was launched 13 years ago, and has been running ever since. The hent was design been found to yield satisfactory and even night he vital to the success of our operationsed to go 23h knots. The Kent had to Coal must be ready afloat for the fleet and catch a ship which went considerably, over surprising results. (Cheers.)

No more walesproud delusion existed troopships must be ready for the men, and 24h knots. They put a pressure and a

The right hon. gentleman added:- abroad than that, although we might build amount of business management, however train on the engines much greater than is excellent it may be, will get over that fuct.

allowed in time of peace, and they drove the turned up this morning a saying of Kent 25 knots and caught the Nurnberg and Nelson which shows how completely, in ank her. It is ary duty in this House to epite of all the changes of the years, the Our great reliance speak for the Navy, and the truth is that it old policy survives:

bell all through. (Cheers.) T

is on the vigilance and activity of our is as sound as do not care where or how it may be tested; it cruisers at sea, any reduction in the num

MANNING THE FLEET.

ADMIRALTY REQUISITIONS.

At the beginning of this war shipowners were only too glad to get their ships taken by the Government owing to the uncertainty of the naval situation and the possibility coming. (Hear, hear.) But now a change The naval situation is has taken place. assured for the present and the requisition-

honest

CRITICISMS,

Mr. BONAR LAW laid emphasis on the changed feeling of the country in regard to the Navy. In the first months of the war, he thought, there was a feeling not so much of anxiety as of doubt and un- certainty as to the Navy, based on some isolated incidents which had not been favourable to us That feeling bad passed, however.

ships, we could never find the men to man thom. In some quarters of this country the ides had fostered that when. mobilization took place ships could not be sent fully manned to sea. "But when mobilization did take place we were able to man-as I told the House we should be able to do-every that ordinary cargoes would not be forth will be found good and fit and keren and ber of which, by applying them to guard ship in the Navy fit to send to sea. We were able to man a number of old ships which we did not intend to send to sea, but which, after being repaired and refitted, were founding powers exercised under the Royal Pro-action is that it shows us and the world that to have the possibility of usefulness in them We were able to man, in addition, the power ful new vessels building for foreign nations for which no provisions had been made. We were able to man an enormous number several acore of armed merchantmen which have been taken up and have played an im portant part in our arrangements for the control of traffic and trade.

We were able to provide all the men that were necessary for the Royal Naval Air which did not exist three years ago,

clamation have enabled the Admiralty insist on rutes of hire, which though they give a handsome profit to the shipowners are every much less than can now be gained in the open market. The Admiralty rates are now a half or a third below the market rates, and cannot, of course, be expected to be popular with shipowners. (Laughter.) Although the market rutes are enormously higher than they were at the time of the South African War, we are now paying 13s, to 178. per gross ton por mouth, compared the South African

sad which is already making a name for with 20% to ina so paid in the early part

itself and has a considerable and formidable body. (Cheers.) We were able to keep our training schools full to the very brim so as to prepare a continual supply of drafts for the new vessels which are coming on in such great numbers; and, over and above that, we were able, without injury to any of these important interests, to supply the nuclous of instructors and trained men to form the cadres of the battalions of the Royal Naval Division which has now reached a respectable total, and which have develop ed an efficiency which enables them to be counted on immediately as a factor in the defence of this country, and very soon as an element in the forces which we can use oversea. (Cheers.)

READY, AYE READY.

The German Army was not more ready for an offensive war on a gigantic scale than was the British Fleet for national defence. (Cheers.)

During the last three months--that is to say, since Parliament rose-on the average about 8,000 British vessels have been con- tinuously on the sea passing to and fro on

lawful occasions There have been arrivals and 3,800 sailings from the

ཨ ཏཏྠ

THE VICTORY OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS.

of

The strain in the early months of the war has been greatly diminished now by the abatement of distant convoy work and by the clearance of the enemy's flag from the seas and oceans. There were tunes when, for instance, the great Australian convoy of 60 ships was crossing the Indian Oceans, or the great Canadian convoy of 40 ships, with its protecting squadrons, was crossing the Atlantic, or when the regular low of large Indian convoys of 40 and 20 ships sailing in company was at it height both ways; when there were half-a-dozen, minor expeditions being carried by the Navy, guanled, landed at different points and supplied after land- ing: when there was a powerful German cruiser squadron still at large in the Pacific or the Atlantic, which had to be watched for or waited for in superior force in six or seven different parts of the world at once, and wh all the time, within a few hours steam of our shores, there was concentrated a hostile fleet which many have argued in former times was so inferior to our own when there was hardly are

211

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ment, tend to our destruction.'" The great merit of Admiral Sir D. Beatty's The decision of the Admiralty dis pensing with courts-martial in the case there is at present no reason to assume that of some of the ships already lost was ship for ship, gun for gun, and man for man criticised by Mr. Bonar Law."Rumours we cannot give a very good account of ourselves. It shows that at five to four in have reached mo-to which I give no representative ships--because the quality credence that some of these disasters are of the ships on either side is a very fair due to direct instractions from the Admir representation of the relative qualities of the alty itself," he said, and it has even lines of battle-the Germans do not think been said, though I do not believe it, that it prudent to engage, that they accepted that is one reason why courts-martial are If the Admiralty without doubt or hesitation their inferiority, not being held. that they thought only of flight as our man reverted to the old custom they would get thought only of pursuit, and that they were rid of that sort of thing."

wise in the view they book (laughter), and

the German Emperor to risk his Navy in a sea fight. The sooner the better,” Mr. Bonar Law commented. "Though in this war there is neither a Nelson nor a Napoleon, thank God, if the opportunity comes, there will be another Trafalgar. (Loud cheers.)

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[369

Pressure, he submitted, would compe THE TAIKOO DOCKYARD

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German submarines with to be infected by Estimates given for quick construction and repair of ships, Engines,

that if they had taken any other view they would unquestionably have been destroyed That is the cruel fact, and no falschoodand many have been issued (laughter)- no endea your to sink by official communiquée vessels they could not stay to sink in war will have obscured that cruel fact. When, if ever, the

Admiral Lord Charles Beresford press- great Flest sat out for the general battle, we shall hope to bring into the line a preponder ance grouter than that. Therefore we may ed for an inquiry into the losses of vessels consider this extra margin as an additional which had been torpedoed by submarines inearance against unexpected losses by mine in the war. He argued that submarine and submarine, such is may at may menient attacks could be avoided, and it ought occur in the preliminaries of a great sea battle. to be known whether the Admiralty had We have lost, mainly by submarine, the lives given proper instructions to the Navy. of 50 officers and men, and we have killed The Formidable, with her squadron, put mainly by gun an equal number, which 6, of coures, a much larger proportion of the German forces engaged. We have also taken in fighting 82 officers and 995 men prisoners of var. No British naval prisoners of war: have been taken in fighting at sea by the Germans. (Cheers) When they had the inclination they had not the opportunity, and

Mr. Fallo, fellow-representative of when they had the opportunity they had not the inclination (Laughter.) For the loss Portsmouth with Lord Charles Beresford, of these British lives we have lived through was also very critical. He said they had six months of this war safely and even had the first Lord's views on digging out We have established for rats and on baby-killing, and they would the time being a command of the ses likt to know what he had to say about such as we had never expected, such as orphan-making. In Portsmouth there we have never known, and such as our was a strong feeling on the subject of ancestors had never known at any other sending men to sen. It antiquated vessels period of our history. There are those why, shutting their eyes to all that has been v. small fighting value. Mr. Churchill gained, look only at that which has heen was continually running ever to France. numerous class-unduly upon it.

"hearten up" Sir J. French, and it could lost, and seek to dwell they are not a very What was his object! It could not be to not have anything to do with the work of the Navy. If ho wanted to go for the

of the United Kingdoin. Only 19 gular soldier luft at home, and before sperously.

the Territorial Force and the new armies had attained their present high efficiency and power-there were times when our naval resources, considerable as they are, were drawn upon to their utmost limit, and when we had to use old battleships to give strength to cruiser squadrons, oven at the cost of their speed, and when we had to face and to accept risks with which we did not trouble the public and which no one would willingly seek an opportunity to share.

COURTS-MARTIAL

We are urged to hold a Court-inartial in

semen, of torpedo bosts and steaming at without the recessary only 10 knots. Her loss was due ther to criminal negligence, crass stupidity, or the dictation of amateur atrategists, and a full inquiry ought to be held.

Mr. Fallo referred to the loss of the

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porsels have been sunk by the enemy and only four of these vessels have been sunk by above-water craft. The great sailors of the wen of the Revolutionary and the Napoleonic wars, would have heon astounded. During those two great wars, which began in 1793 and ended after a brief interval in 1814, 10,871 British merchant ships were captured or sunk by the enemy. Even after the decisive battle of Trafalgar, when we hand the undisputed command of the sea, so far as it can be tactically and strategically But the victory at the Falkland Islands attained, the loss of British ships went on at

swept all these difficulties out of existence every case where a ship is lost in action, and purpose of fighting, nobody in this coun- Dockyard Managers, can be soon between the hours of 11 a rate of over 600 ships & year. In 1806, 619 (cheers): it bot free a large, force of cruisers to hear the talk in some quarters one would try would say him nay.

and battleships for all purposes; it opened suppose that the loss of a ship by mines or the way to other operations of great interest. submarines necessarily involved a criminal Cressy, Aboukir, and Hague, and com It enabled a much stricter control and more offence for which somebody should be brought plained that they were sent out without

careful consideration to this question. No The Sunken Hawke was likewise not TELEPHONE NO. 22 to book. The Admimity have lately given being accompanied by smaller vessels. doubt the precedents both in peace and war accompanied by smaller ships. What were favour, though they do not enjoin, the hold these vessele doing in these waters and ing of a Court-martial when ships are lost or was it necessary for them to be there! captured. But the conditions of modern With regard to the battle in Chilian naval warfare differ entirely from all previous waters, he asked why Admiral Sturdes was not sent out earlier so that the loss of experience. In old wars the capture and destruction of ships was nearly always our vessels could have been avoided. He accompanied by au uct of surrender, which thought the First Lord would be called was a proper and very necessary subject for to account for these matters when the war investigation by a Court-martial. But mines

was over. We could not bring him to and submarines, especially submarinos, create conditions entirely novel, presenting to the account now, but a day of reckoning naval officers problems of incomparable would come.

The House agreed finally to go into hazard and difficulty.

Committee.

ships were sack or captured that is the year after Trafalgar in 1807, 559 ships; in 1808, 160; in 1800, 371; and in 1610, 819. Our total losses on the high seas in the first six months of the present war, including a}} ships other than trawlers engaged in mine sweeping, including all losses by mines and vessels scuttled by submarines our losses in the whole of that period are only 63.

THE TASK OF THE NAVY.

with constant changes of plan, across oceana

constant outlook to be maintained in home waters, and it almost entirely freed the outer seas of danger. That was a memorable event, the relief and advantage of which will only be fully appreciated by those who have full knowledge of all that has taken place, and will only be fully appreciated by those who not only knew, but felt, what was going forward. (Cheers.)

THE DOGGER BANK ACTION. Now I come to the battle-cruiser action on

Losses

In these circumstances a Court-martial judgment, and often even harmful. would frequently be inappropriate, in our by mine and submarine taust frequently be placed on the same footing as heavy casual- ties on land. They cannot be treated as presumably involving a dereliction of duty

or

The truth is that steam and telegraphs have enormously increased, as compared with sailing days, the thoroughness and efficiency of superior soa power. Coaling, communica tions, and supplies are vital and constant needs, and, mee the upper hand has been the Dogger Bank. That action was not Jost, they become operations of almost in- forced, because the enemy, after abandoning superable difficulty to the weaker Navy.

We have now moved by sen at home their wounded consort, the Bitcher, made and abroad, including wounded brought good their escape into waters infested by backs from the front, including Belging their subinarines and mines. Bat this com wounded, including Belgian and French bat between the finest ships in both Naries troops, moved here and there as cicunstances is of immense significance and value in the light which it throws upon rival systems of required, often at the shortest possible notice, design and armament and upon relative threatened by the enemy's cruisers and gunuery efficiency. It is the first test we across channels haunted by submarines, to have ever had, and without depending too

much upon it I think it is at once important the speed and skill of modern operations, and a lack of professional ability. Thirdly, and fro from India and Egypt, from Austra

and encouraging. First of all it vindicates, the continuous demands on the attention of lia, New Zealand, and Canada, China, South so far as it goes, the theories of design, and the Admiralty, and on the services of naval Africa, from every fortress and possession particularly of big-gun armament, always under the Crown, approximately 1,000,000 identified with Lord Fisher. (Hear, hear.) officers, especially officers of high rank, make men without up to the present any accident The range of the British guns was found to the tuul holding of Courts martial very difficult and inconvenient. Energy ought not or loss of life. (Cheers.)

exceed that of the German. Although the to be consumed in investigations and discus- German shell is a most formidableinstrument We are at war with the second, aval of destruction, the bursting smashing power be concentrated on new tasks and new of incidents beyond recall, but should Power in the world. When complaints are made that we have taken too many trans- of the heavier British projectile is decidedlyficulties. Nothing could be worse for the

greater, and this is great Hupply ships, I must mention that fact. shooting is at least as good as theirs. The attention or naval attention to be riveted on The statement that the Admiralty have Navy, while always working very hard-no half-a-dozen naval causes célebres which on charter approximately one-fifth of one except themselves knows how hard they would give opportunities for the most neri the British mercaritile marine tonnage the Germans with a sort of super-efficiency which you may be perfectly certain two have worked in these years-havo credited monious and controversial discussions about is correct. With that we discharge two in gunnery, and we have always been duties, both of importance at the present time. First, the supply, fuelling and 18 control and accuracy of fire. But there is a

pared for some surprises in their system of opinions would always remain at the close. plenishing with an munition of the Fleets second, the transport of reinforcements, and feeling after the combat of January 24 that

THE ADMIRALTY AND MERCHANT BHIPS,

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MADDENING HEADACHES.

Dull, grinding aches in the forehead, over the eyes or at the base of the brain. sharp, shooting pains through the temples

the supply of the Army in the field, includ-perans our naval officers were to dentin duty can be presumed a Court-martial and sides of the face; throbbing, madden- ing the return of wounded. It must be in regard to their own professional skill in may be necessary when technical or special ing pains in the head pains that set matters are raised which it is desirable to every nerve quivering in agony, All remembered, in regard to the Flest, that wo Bunnery.

Then the guns, While the Germans were elucidato with a view to precautions being kinds of headaches and neuralginall have no dockyard or naval port at our backs, and that the bases are are using during the building 1lin guns we built 12in. and 18in. taken to prevent a similar accident in the sorts of external aches and pains are war have no facilities for coaling from the guns. Before they advanced to the thin, fature, courts of inquiry have been and will instantly relieved and quickly cured by shore. Everything, therefore, required to gan we had large numbers of ships armed be assembled, but in these matters I must LITTLE'S ORIENTAL BALM, just rub keep the Fleet in being-supplies, stores, with the 13.5. It was said by the opposite respectfully claim, on behalf of the Board of it in. Apply it where the pain is, let it

is gone. above all, fuel has not only to be school of naval force that a smaller gun fires Admiralty, an absolute discretionary power penetrate, and the pain carried but to be kept affout in

faster and has a higher velocity and therefore with regard to holding Courts martial or Keep & bottle in the house, for it is the The position at every hom

home hase is the greater destructive power. Krupp is the courts of inquiry or the removal without surest and most speedy relief for sprains, telegraphed to the Admiralty nightly, and master gunmaker in the world, and it was trial of officers who have forfeited the braises, swelling, strained neck, aching. that of every ship, and a tabulated statement very right and proper to take such a possibi confidence of the Board, or the publication back aching feet common as well as is issued the same night as the basis for lity into consideration. Everything that we of particular information on particular

life a burden. comprehensive daily criticism with a view to have learnt, however, so far shows that we incidents. Task the House on behalf of the uncommon aches and pains that make

Agents for Hongkong securing the highest possible econoany com- need not at all doubt the wisdom of our Board for their confidence and support during

Messrs. A. 8. WATSON & Co., Lîn. patible with and sebject to the vital exigen-policy or the excellence of our material, the war in this respect. (Cheers.) I would

[414-1 cies of war. Bo-much for the Fleet and its The 13-5in, gun is unequalled by any weapon especially deprecate anything being done. supply and ita coaling.

yet brought on the scene. Now we have the which tends to make officers, whether afget

ips.

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