1915-03-04 — Page 7

THE CAUSE OF HIGH FREIGHTS,

SHIPOWNERS' VIEWS,

NO DEFICIENCY OF TONNAGE.

We reproduse below a statement on the present high freights submitted by repre sentatives of the shipping industry to the President of the Board of Trade. It is in accordance with a request made by the President at a conference with owners last week.

Reviewing the position the shipowners Bad that, although taken as a whole the relation of shipping tonnage to trade points to no deficiency, the recent advance in freight proves that the demands for oversea transport at the moment exceed the supply on particular routes. They attribute this condition primarily to the abnormal distribution of tonnage brought about by the dislocation of ororson trade which followed the outbreak of war, and say that there can be no question that congestion at the ports is now hindering the flow of trade.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, MAZOE dam, 1915.

Labour on the Ships. Owing to the de mands of the Admiralty there is the greatest difficulty in obtaining both officers and crews, Sailings are being constantly delayed from this reason

It is clear that even if further ships could be provided that there would be the greatest difficulty in manning them.

SUCCESTED REMEDIES.

To meet these conditions the following suggestion are made-

advance in the cost of shore labour, (c) the extraordinary delays in port, (d) the pro longation of many voyages under Ad miralty orders to avoid war risks, (e) the loss of passenger traffic, which leaves the aargo freight as the main source from which the cost of the voyage has to be pro vided (f) the serious falling off in export cargoes from this country, () the cost of war risk insurance. High freights are very attractive, but at the present time they are most speculative If reasonable dispatch can be obtained in the loading and discharging a big profit can be made, but a great part of that prout can be swept away by delays. Further, the uncertain-

3.-An effective control to be established ties as to the time the voyage will occupy over the pooled trucks. This control must makes it impossible to make business be arranged before the trucks are pooled. engagements ahead, and, therefore, the

4-The control over the railway appli- future is as much a gamble as the presentences used for military purposes to be At substantially lower freights the profits would be as good, and the business would made as effective as possible

reasonable detention of trucks used for be on a far sounder basis from the ship-5-Penal rates to be levied for all un- owner's point of view, if the delays could commercial purposes, be avoided.

CONGESTION OF THE PORTS.. 9-Whether the abnormal distribution - of shipping tonnage is the solo, or only the main, cause of the rise in freights, there can be no question as to what is hindering the flow of trade; it is the congestion of the ports.

As remedies for the existing congestion the shipowners urge the pooling of all railway tracks and certs, the need for more barges, the provision of temporary additional sheds, the removal of the sugar stores to inland centres, and an inquiry as to the minimum number of ships necessary

to maintain the transport services.

The report is signed by 18 representa tivo owners, the Hon. Nool M. Farrer, Secretary to the Chamber of Shipping, and Sir Norman Hill, secretary to the Liver pool Shipowners Association. It is as followe

1-A general review of the conditions of the oversoa trade of the world would point to there being at the present timo an excess rather than a deficiency of ship:

"ping tonnage.

10-As has been pointed out, the total oversea trade of this country in the last five months was 30 per cent, below that in the corresponding months of 1913. Yot overy port is blocked with traffic,

11. The congestion of traffic in the ports is perhaps the necessary consequence of attempting to meet the military require ments of the nation for men and appli- ances, and at the same time to carry on the nation's "ordinary oversea trade.

12-The following points are not re They ferred to by way of complaint. indicate merely matters which, in the opinion of the shipowners, will have to be dealt with, if anything approaching the normal flow of trade is to be re-estab

On the one hand, the shipping of Ger many, Austria, and Hungary (which together represent about 14 par cont. offished the merchant shipping of the world) has

of

1-More trucks to be made available. 2. The trucks of 1 the railway com- panies to be pooled.

6.The railway yards to be worked over- time until the block has been removed-if necessary by double shifts.

SHIPPING IN PORT.

STRANKING.

ALBIANA, British str., 2,468, Wm. Dunbar, 1st March-Chingwantao 22nd: Febru ary, Coal. Dodwell & Co. AKU British str., 1,358, G. Eody, 18th February-Shanghai 26th February, General-Butterfield & Swire CHELAN MARD, Japanese str., 1,782, M.

Oka, 27th February-Saigon

Shoson February Rice. - Osake Kaisha, Cussa, British str., 1,337, R. Robertson,

2nd March-Bangkok and Swatow Ist March, Rice-Butterfield & Swire. Cartman, Norwegian str., 1,102, Nila

Hjorth, 2nd March-Swatow 1st March, Rice. Thoresen & Co. Clelland, 2nd February-Colombo BLLINGA, British str., 2,095, Hugh Mc 11th February, Ballast British Admiralty. Farco, Chinese str., 979, A. B. Baios, 28th February-Shanghai 24th Febru ary, General Chinese HROULES, British str., 3,769, C. Wilhelm-

7th February-Hoihow 20th Febru

ary, General.-A. R. Marly 23rd February-Shanghai 20th Febru HSINGCHANG, Chinese str., 1,498, Munro,

sry, General-Chinese, pe JADE, French str., 286, J. Pannier, 20th February-Haiphong 18th February, General-W. Jack,

1-In Liverpool and in any other port in which it is necessary the carts and

on, 28th February-Chingwantao motor wagons to be pooled, and a clear ing-house established so that the first cart

S0th February, Coal. Dodwell & Co. available at any quay will take the first cargo available at that quay HONGKONG, French str., 742, Marquerite,

Tugs and Barges-(1) Only such tugs and barges as are necessary to be used for a store from which deliveries in detail are! military purposes. The use of a barge as made to be, as far as possible, avoided. In London 85 per cent of all the cargo imported is moved by water. (2) More barges for London to be obtained, if possible, from the Dutch ports. KAMOR, Norwegian str., 910, 8. Pulmer, 26th February Dairen 18th Febru Quays and Dock Shers(1) Temporary

ary, General-Chinese additional sheds to be provided, even if

February-Shanghai 18th February, they only can be provided outside of the KANCHOW, British str., 1,222, J. Gibbs, 21at Dock Estate (2) The quays and dock

General Butterfield & Swire, shode to be used only for the purposes of transport. (a) The prompt removal of KASHING, British str., 1,143. G. Byers, 27th February-Weihaiwe 21st February, cargoes to be enforced by penal rents (4)

General Butterfield & Swire... The sugar to be at once removed, it neces

which the ultimate distribution can be

sary to inland railway centres from made (5) The Dock Sheds to be only used in exceptional circumstances as stores for military purposes (6) Berths in the elased ports which are not required for military purposes to be used for general trade, but only under such condi by the military authorities.

16th February-Chiakiang 10th Febru ary, General Chinese Kos, American str., 5,651, A. W. Nelson, 1st March San Francisco 33th Jam- ary, General-Pacific Mail. Co. KusicRow, British str., 1,220, Foraylı,

KIANG PING, Chinese str., 1,228, Udden,

On the other hand, the oversea trade of the United Kingdom has been reduced by about 30 per cent.; the oversea trade of stores trains, enginos held in reserve tione and by such vessels as may be donnedary, General.--Butterfeld & Swire.

Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Belgium (which together reprocent about 22 per cent of the trade of "the world) has vanished, the trade of the Black Ses and of the Baltic (involving almost the whole of the oversea trade of Russia) has prae tically ceased to exist; and the general international financial conditions are hampering the trades of many neutral countries, and in particular the South

Railway Facilities.--Without attempt heon withdrawn, whilst the Admiralty is ing to attribute paramount importance to employing about one-fifth of the British any particular point, it is convenient in tonnage, which fifth represents about the first instance to emphasize the import per cent, of the merchant shipping of the ance of the means by which the greater world: Fetje.

part of the imports are distributed from, and the exports collected at, the ports The military demands for troop trains, against omorgencies, and for aiding accommodation, has been, and are, very

Labour (1) As the conditions in re- heavy. In addition, the cosling of the Fleet has created a new and extraordinary Bard to dock and quay labour vary 50 much at different ports, it would be desir traffic. Possibly military requirements have necessitated these appliances not able for each of the principal ports to he consulted separately. (2) On the Ad being used to their full capacity. The miralty patrol ships and on the transport shipowners have no detailed information as to the military user to which railway only such number of officers, engineers trucks are being put, but it is the fact that and seamen as are necessary to be retained. far-short of the normaal number of trucks (3) Men with con service who have joined are available for ordinary trade. It is the Army to be transferred to the Patrol also the fact that in the ports the labour and Transport Services (4) Inquiry to in the railway yards is not sufficient to be made as to the minimum number of handle the goods promptly In Liverpool ships necessary to maintain the transport under normal conditions the carts make ervices efficiently. An ample margin in the day four journeys between the quay must be maintained to cover all emergen cies, but every ship employed unnecessarily and the railway yards; now only two deprives the general trade not only of the journeys can be made, largely because of services of that ship but also of those of the delays in the railway yards, power of slearing the quays by means of her officers, engineers, and crew, the carts has therefore been reduced by one-half,

American countries

TOW

Taken together the general oversea trade of the world must have been reduced by at least as much as that of the United Kingdom-that is, by about 30 per cent. There is one further point that must be taken into consideration, and that is, the effect on shipping tonnage of the diver sion of trades. France is obtaining to an abnormal extent its food and materials from oversea. Italy and Greece must be drawing their wheat supplies from across the Atlantic instead of from Black Sea ports. Because of the diffi culties which were until recently placed in the way of the shipment of coal in this country the Mediterranean is obtaining Large supplies from the United States. Those diversions involve longer voyages, und to a certain extent the employment of different types of ship, and they have But, therefore created a new demand. reviewing the position as a whole, it is probable that on balance oversen trade has diminished more than shipping ton nage. The rates of freight current up to the end of October bear out this view.

THE ADVANCE IN FREIGHTY,

9. Although taken in the whole the relation of shipping tonnage to trade points to no deficiency, the recent advance in freights proves that the demands for oversea transport on perti- cular trade routes at the moment exceed the supply on those routes.

The

Appliances. The military requirements have been very heavy or tugs, motors, horses, and barges, a of which are essential to the maintenance of the flow of trade.

INCUCAPE. JH. WARRACE. A. A. BOOTH, VA KENNETH SANDERSON, PERCY E BATES. B. BURTON CHADWICK ERNEST COOK. EDWARD HAIN. HR. HOOPER.

F. W. Lewis. OWEN PHILLIPS. T. PATERSON PURDIE HAROLD A SANDERSON. FRED SCRUTTON. C. F. TORREY;

L

DOCKS AND QUAYS BLOCKED. Docks and Blieds. These are blocked partly because of the unusual and ric gular mannor n which the goods have come into the country; partly from the block in handling on the carts and on the railways, and partly because they are being used as warehouses for Governatont augar, for military stores, and for prize cargoes. Further, it must be borne in mind that, although the desire to earn the high freights current induces the ship- owner to me every endeavour and to incur all reasonable expense to get the cargo: discharged with the utmost dispatch, there is, speaking generally, no such induce- ment operating on the merchant to remove his cargo from the quays. For example, on the present rising market the longor

F. WATTS NOEL M. FARRER. NORMAN HILL January 22nd, 1915.

PROHIBITION" IN

CALIFORNIA.

the one hand, there is an evident deter minetion to put an end to the abuses of On the other hand, the saloon business.

20th February-Manila 18th Febru KONBAND, British str., 2,077, F. Wheeler, 1st March-Moji 25th February, Gon- eral-Jardine, Matheson & Co. KUTSANG, British str., 3,109, R. C. D. Bradley, 27th February Calcutta 10th

February, General-Jardine, Matheson & Co..

KWONGGANG, British str., 1,499, W. F.

Bichard, 2nd March Shanghai 26th February, General. Jardins, Mathe- son & Co.

LABETES, British str. 1,380, A. Jenkyns,

18th FebruarySaigon 13th February, Rice-Chinese. LINAN, British str., 1,350, E J. Fot

tinger, 1st March-Bhangbai -28th February, General. Butterfield &

wire Mexico MARU, Japanese str. 3,758, Koba- yashi, 20th February-Shanghai 17th Shoson February, General-Osaka Kaisha. NISSHO MARU, Japanese str., 917, Y. Nakano, 2nd February-Dairen 22nd February, General-Chiflese. PREMIUS, British str., 4,288, J. W. Small

wood, 2nd March-Singapore 25th February, General. Butterfield Bwire, PROMETHEUS. Norwegian str., 1,102, H

Jensen, 25th February Bangkok 10th February, General-Thoresen & Co. STANDARD, Norwegian str.. 894, Bull, 26th February Bangkok 17th February, Rice-Thoresen & Co

INDIAN AFRICAN LINE.

Cargo carried on through Bills of Lating from HONGKONG to BEIRA, DELAGOA BAY, DUBBAN (Na), EAST LONDON, PORT ELIZABETH MY DAPE TOWN with trazabipment at COLOMBO to Steamers of the INDIAN AFRICAN LINE,

FROM HONGKONG1.

20th March

PROPOSED FAILINGS, Connecting with “GUJABĀT”.

Fox COLOMBO 1

18th April.

EXCELLBET ACCOMMODATION FOR IFT AND SND CLASS PASSENGERS,"

ORIENTAL

AFRICAN LINE.

Rogalar Direct Berrice from JAPAN, CHINA md STRAITS to BEIRA, DELAGOA BAY, DURBAN, EAST LONDON, PORT ELIZABETH and CAPE TOWN, calling at MAURITIUS en rente, and affording the Quickest Freight Transport from the ORIENT to BOUTH AFRICA,

211

* PROPOSED SAILING. From Hongkong SALAMIS" 19th March.

FIRST CLASS ACCOMMODATION FOR PASSENGERE. SNAFirrin WIR WEEING TEZRONAFDY. For Bales of Freight and Finags, apply to

THE BANK LINE, LIMITED, MANAGING AGENTS,

ELLERMAN LINE.

JAPAN, CHINA AND STRAITS

MARSEILLES, LONDON AND LIVERPOOL.

Steamer

For MARSEILLES AND LONDON... CITY OF CORINTH

Subject to change without notice. For rates of freight and further information apply to

THE

Hongkong, 22nd February, 1015.

IN PREPARATION.

Batavia.

Salk.

On 20th March,

BANK LINE, LTD., GENERAL AGHET.

THE DIRECTORY Buitenzorg

AND CHRONICLE

1915.

FOR CHINA, JAPAN, COREA, INDO-

CHINA, SIAM, STRAITS SETTLE MENTS MALAY STATES, NETHERLANDS INDIA, PHILIP- PINES, BORNEO, ETC.

FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL ISSUE.

THE DIRECTORY covers the whole of the ports and eities of the Far East, from Netherlands India to Siberia, in which Europeans resident

British. French.

STAAKTE SETTLEMENTE, Netherlands INDIA.

[206

Samarang. Padang.

Sourabaya Moammar.

East Coast of Bamara. Naval SquadroNE.

Japanese United States. Siamese. Italian.

OFFICERS OF COAST AND RIVER STRAMHES, The Book is printed from New Type

specially reserved for the purpose, and

malformity in every arrangement greatly Familitatos refarones

Besides the usual Alphabetical List of Firms the Directory gives the CLASSIFIED LISTS of TRADES and PROFESSIONS at the larger Commercial Centres.

The

ALPHABETICAL LIST of RESIDENTS of the last half century in the Far East contains the names of over

....

20,000 FOREIGNERS, arranged, with the Initials as well as the Burnames, in strictly Alphabetical Order; Not only is the Directory as full and so that any mme can be found instantly.

THE MAPS AND PLANS || complete in each case as it can be made, but each Colony, Port or Settlement is prefaced by a DESCRIPTION, carefully revised each year, most of which will serve as accurate of the principal ports in the Far Enst have GUIDES FOR THE TOURIST, giving every detail beer engraved by one of the most eminent In pounection with the places, their History, Firms in Great Britain and are annusily

corrected and brought up to date. Topography, Ele, Ete

Royal Octavo Complete with Fifteen Maps, and Plans, pp: nearly 2,000, $10.00. Directory only, pp. 1,400, $6.00.

The Directories and Descriptions are of :-

CHINA.

the

Consular and Court Fees, Hongkong Stamp Duties, Postal Guide, Signal Codes, Chinese Festivals, Tables of Money, Weights and Measures and other Commercial Information.. The CHRONICLE and DIRECTORY, though condensed in every possible manner, contains every year more pages,

It, was years ago universally pronounced t be the cheapest work of the kind anywhere published, and although very much oularged and improved in every way, the price in silver in now below the equivalent of £1 58., at which it was originally published.

to date. The Information in these Descriptions, The CHRONICLE covers the notable events TAIYO MABU, Japanese str., 1,952, Inmoto, consisting of a bundred interesting articles, to other with the Texts of all the most. 7th February Weihaiwei 22nd packed with facts concisely set out, and important Treaties concluded with February, General-Mitsui Bassan containing statistics of the Team of each countries of Eastern Asia, the various Country and Part, would alone suffice to fill Customs Tariffs, Trade Regulations, Cham Kaisha,

bera of Commerce, Scales of Commissions. TJIKEMBANG, Dutch str., 8,703, N. V. Wych a large volume,

Jurrianse, 12th February-Kobe 4th February General Java-China- Japan Lija. TJILATJAP, Dutch str., 2,470, F. E. C Van Schermbeck, 28th February-Batavia 24th January, General,-Java-China- Japan Lijn.

Boochow Canton, TOTO MARU, Japanese str., 2,283, O. Haya Poking

Chinking. Whampoa kawa, 26th February--Dairen 19th Tientsin,

Nanking, Kowloon. February, Coal. Mitsui Bussan Peitaiho.

Chizwangtao. Wnha. Lapps, Kaishe

Kowkiang Someaui. Hankow Kongmeon TONGSHING, British str., 1,173, L. F. Taku.

Hussey, 27th February-Iloilo 23rd Antung.

Nanning Yochow. February, Sugar-Jardine, Mathe Manchurian

Wużbowfu Trade C'tres. Shansi. there is equally evident determination

son & Co. individual liberty within one's own thát household shall not be impaired. Any TUNGUS, Norwegian str., 1,039, Corneling Newchwang Ichang Kwangchauwan,

February-Batow 27th Dairen. Chungking. Pakboi. February, Rice, China-Biam S.N. Port Arthur. Hangchow, Hoihow. license or interference with family habits

Cheloo

Lungchow. Ningpo. Proposition involving either very liberal men, 28th

Co

Wênchow. Mêngtze. will be voted down whenever it may be

Tsinanfu. Santu.. Hokow. proposed. But between these extremes UNKAI MARU, Japanese str., 1,988, Y. Weihaiwei,

Foochow." Szemao. there is a good deal of debatable ground as Tasaka, 27th February-Wakamatsu

20th February, Coal-Mitoui Bussan Mukden,

Shanghai.

Amoy. to which for the comfort and welfare of

Kaisha, we wer the public it is desirable that some com-

WADA MARU, Japanese str., 2,091, T. Asai, Swatow. promise to reached. votes on prohibition, with the flopping of 1st March Miike 23rd February

Coal-Mitani Bussan Kaisha. localities from wet to dry and from dry. 20 wet, are not for the public welfare. The YUENSANG, British str. 1.128, Rolfe, 2nd March-Manila 27th February, Gen- grape growers now feel assured that the

eral-Jardine, Matheson & Co. State will never vote to destroy their in- dustry, and they are properly taking the initiative in proposing a com

which

believe they promise

ought involves be satisfactory. It State as opposed to local regulation, high license, limitation of number of salcons

3-The primary cause of this is the

The result of the recent vote on the ques- abnormal distribution of shipping ton mage brought about by the dislocation of the merchant can defer the sale of food-tion of the production and sale of alco- oversea trade which followed on the out- stuffs the botter is the price he can obtain, holic drinks, remarks the San Francisco break of war, a dislocation which was and if he can leave the cargo on the quay Chronicle, plainly showed two things. On caused by the suspension of international until it is sold he will save the cost of credit. It has been accentuated by the double handling and of warehousing away stoppage of voyages on particular trade from the quays. routes owing to the activity of the enemy's The result has been an cruisers. accumulation of tourage in porte where it was not wanted, and an absence of ton nage where employment offered. Such condition is the most common cause for an advanco in freights,

Apart from these considerations, it is the fact that the Admiralty requirements have interfered most seriously with the working of the decks. To meet the urgency of these requirements merchant ships have had to be shifted from their discharging berths before the discharge 4-Under ordinary circumstances the has been completed, and much time has equilibrium is re-established by the flow been lost and much disorganization has of trade, but until it is re-established the bean caused by these interruptions. Fur cost of transport is always increased, as thor berths have had to be reserved so as voyages in ballast have to be made and to be ready for emergencies. In the ports the one freight has to cover both the out which have been closed for military par

puses, such as Bouthampton, the whole of ward and homeward passage.

the quay space has been taken, although it has not been always used.

to

These continuous

S.-At the present time the flow of trade is being provented, because the time occupied in discharging and loading the ships has been greatly increased, in many ITARY REQUIREMENTS, instances it has been doubled, and in some Labour on the Quays-Here again the instances has been trebled. It must military requirements have been very be borne in mind that so long as the heavy; not only have many men been sailings from a port are at a rate below taken, but it is the best of them who have proportion to population, separation that of the arrivals congestion is bound

to follow, have been filled, but by loss efficient men,

6-If present conditions are continued, the equilibrium will not be re-established and high freights must continue been used to only small wages, and it lose of license.

But it must be borne in mind that so far the advance in freights has follow ed, and not preceded, the advance in market prices. For example, the wheat from the Plate which is now being landed has been carried at rates ranging from

of the traffic in distilled liquors from that gone. Speaking generally, their places in malt and vinoue liquors, and the crea- tion of a compensation fund for saloons and in consequence the output of work has forced out of existenco. There is nothing been reduced. Many of the new men have new in the principle of compensation for The British Government seems impossible to get them to increase has of late years greatly reduced the num their earnings by working regular hours ber of drinking places, but always with In London the labour position is improv compensation for loss of license. The in somewhat. In Liverpool, notwith grape growers propose that this compensa- standing the pressure, the average time ion shall be made not from the public worked per man is substantially less than treasury, but by assessment of the succes nine hours a day for six days a week, and ful applicants for liesaces. The result of this is alter taking into account all the the law proposed by the grape growers overtime worked by the willing workers would be to put out of business from 8-It must be further borne in mind Ships and quays are constantly being three-fifths to two-thirds of the saloons in that, apart altogether from the effect of worked short-handed because the men will this city. That the enactment of this law the excess of the local demand over the not work, and it is hopeles to expect that would remove the most serious evils of the artoon business is evident. It is not supply, there have been valid reasons for the existing block will be cleared with the likely to be acceptable to the extremists on a very substantial advance in freights, as Ighour now available. In Liverpool the either side. Whether it will command the for example:(a) The great advance in horses aken by the Army have been in support of an effective majority of the the working expences of the voyage, great measure replaced, but enrters cannot Legislature and the people remains to be including wages and coal, (b) the great be found,

16s, to 225. per ton,

INCREASED WORKING COSTS.

seon

FORTHCOMING EVENTS.

TO NIGHT:

Tokyo.

Tengyueb.

JAPAN AND FORMOSA.:

Osaka, Keelung. Yokohama, Moji.

Tainanfu

Takow. Nagasaki. Byga. Kabe..

Hakodate Anping Shimonoseki, Tamsui

EASTERN SIBERIA

Nicolejersk

CEGSEN. Wonsan. Mokpo.

Vladivostock.

Seoul. Chemulpo.

9.15 p.m.-Henry Dallas at the Theatre Royal. Kunsan.

The Quaints,"

TO-DAY

Fusan

Chinnampo Pingyang. Songchin.

HONGKONG AND IT DEFENDENCIES, MACAO, FRENCH INDO-CHINA.

11.30m-Hongkong & Kowloon Wharf & Haroi.

Godown Co. Ltd.. Meeting of Shareholders Haiphong.

Annam. Tourunt. Autr

Saigon. Cambodge.

at the Offices of Messrs, Jardine, Matheson Tonkin Provinces. Quinhon. &Co., Ltd.

Annos! Flower spil Vegetabla Show of the

Hongkong Horticultural Society in the Manila, Botanic Gardens

TOMORROW

Annual Flower and Vegetable Show of the Hongkong Horticultural Society in the Botanis Gardons, cara

Thursday, 18th March -----

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