1915-03-02 — Page 3

THE SITUATION IN CHINA. PAST AND PASSING FEATURES.

At a meeting of the Contral Asian Society, at 22, Albemarle St., London, W. on 20th January, a paper was read by Mr Duncan I. Mackintosh, entitled "Some Past and Passing Features of the Situa tion in China." The chair was occupied by Sir Frederic Fryer.

THE HONGKONG DAILY FEESS, TUESDAY, MARCH 2ND, 1913.

The

of which says, speaking of China;The loan for the construction of the line were co-operating most cordially with him Governments of Great Britain and Japan from Tientsin to Peking, which was then in his schemes. A great many had ..being specially interested in begur. The advances inade at the time thought that Sir Richard would make maintaining the independence and terri-were subrequently merged with the cost nothing out of the Salt Cabello. How torial integrity of the Empire of China of further extensions and paid off by the ever, he had had experience in India, and in securing equal opportunities in that loan doated in London known as the ta. Chinese system was very much tho country for the commerce and industry Imperial Railways of North China Loan sauce us the ludian sygter, although it of all nations hereby agree. The of 1800 for £3,209,000. The line which was not so policies. He had personally follow the art clen of the defensive and forms part of the security for this loan is inspected all the salt sources except those offensive aliique In this long struggle a very important one, because it leads to in Yunan and Szechuan, and as the Great Britam had the assistance of the Chinese capital, Posing. With a view present time he was in Szechuan. another very powerful though invisible to proving the integrity of China, it Government were most unwilling that he ally, whose forces were accumulating all was essential to see that under no pretext should imperil his life by going to Sze the firme. The name of that ally was should it be wrested from or hypothecated chuan, but Eir Louis certood that he Fair Dealing. When the bolt from the to any Power, and that its control should was there. In his letter he also mentioned hue descended in China, the indignation not pass out of Chinese hands. One must that after providing for the expenditure felt by the Chinese can be better imagined visit China to realize fully how much of the Salt Department for the next 18 than described. It would be superfluous railways were needed then, and how months, he had had the great pleasure of for me to enter into it, and I shall leave materially those constructed have added paying over three millions not to the it at that Throughout the foreign coin to the prosperity of the country, I hay Chinese Government. munities in China grave misgivings were travelled over the following railway felt as to the consequences of this fatatul systems:Tientsin-Puchów. (Puchow is on step. The Chinese Government thereafter the Yangtze, Peking-Hankov, Peking

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The speaker said, in the course of his paper:My residetico in the Far East extended over a period of 31 years in the servies of the longkong and Shanghai Bank. Of that period I had the honour of representing that bank at Tientsin from 1995 to almost the close of 1013, when I retired. This latter period (1803 to

Mr. E. R. P. Moon asked the lecturer 1013) was admittedly one of the most

what he considered was to view take important and one of the most eventful

by the Chinezo as regards Britain. that time I was thrown into business con- foreign Powers and the railway projects Dainy-Port Arthur, Mudken Harbin Peking Daily News, in which the native tact and social intercourse with very put forward by their nationals. The Shanghai-Nanking railwaya Whereva writer expreated very strong opposition many high Chinese officials, viceroys at apprehensions and fears expressed as to one goes one seca striking evidenes of what to England and things English Tionisin and others, two of whose names ulterior designs on the part of the Great railways are doing in the carriage of both Mr. Mackintosh said he had read the will at least be familiar to you, those of Power, I may here remark, seem to freight and passengers in that fortile, leter in question, and was surprised that Li Hung-chang and the present and account for the fact that the Chinese industrious, and thickly-populated coun- The Times bad published a statement so enlightened Precalent of China, Yuan Government gave the contract for the try Shih-kai. It was for these reasons, then, building of the Peking-Hankow Line to recent rebellion included, their mette interests in Kiao-chow. If our interests Throughout all their trouble, the obviously inspired by someone with that I ventured to think that any remarks Belgium, and that some three years ago seems to be "Business as usual. Their in China stood on such foundations as which I might make to you this afternoon they gave the contract for the projected ingenuity in overcoming difficulties is that, our position would, indeed, be a as coming from one recently on the spot, great trunk line running, roughly speaks simply marvellous and year by year their precarious one, but from years and years' might, perhaps, be invested with some ing, east and west from the western con trade.expands. Owing to the present wax of trading the Chinese bad got to know degree of interest. Great events in China fines of China to the sea, thus lying their trade has suffered to some extent, what kind of people the British were. during the period which I have named athwart the line running north and south, The total collections of Chinese revenues. Sir Walter Hillier pointed out that the have crowded upon each other's heels into the same Power, Belgium The has fallen according to a recent Reuter's translation which had appeared was in such rapid succession, and there are so estimated cost of the latter railwar is telegram from Tis. 43,900,000 at Decomber extremely bad one, according to the many complications left in their train, about £10,000,000.

31st, 1913, to Tls. 39,907,000 at December Chinese Minister, and did not at all re that it is small wonder that the grent "Early in March of the year: 1998 canie 31st, 1914. This expressed in sterling present the meaning of the original majority of people at home have been the news that Russia was negotiating with amounts to a fall of some £600,000. The Chinese article. quite unable to follow their clearly. In China for 25 years' lease of Port Arthur southern ports were the principal sufferers. At the conclusion of the discussion the connection with the present war in and the adjoining harbour of Taken That busy centre, Shanghai, actually Chairman, after complimenting the lec Europe, the question which seems at the was, which she subsequently obtained. registered an present time to be uppermost in the public She gave assurances, that nothing would revenue.

increase in the customs turer, said that he considered the high- mind is what cffect is likely to be pro be done to, infringe the favoured nation remember that the Eden and her con- Kiao-chow was likely to breed considerable When, to go no further, we handed notion of Germany in seizing duced on China through the passing of clause of the Treaty of Tientsin or other sorts were at large for some months of the suspicion in the minds of the Chinese 3 the territory at Kino-chow from the hands existing Treaties, nor would she deman war threatening merchandise, exports and regards the probable action of other of Germany into the hands of our ally, sovereign rights in the leased territories. imports on the water, this falling-off was European nations. Japan. In order to form any kind of The occupation took place on March 26th, inevitable. For the purposes of trade it had a great reputation for honesty and Chinese merchants judgment we must first see and under 1898. Thereupon Great Britain negotintis preferable to have your goods on land capability, and it was always a matter of stand what effects were produced in Chinated for and obtained lease of Wei-hai-wei, than at the bottom of the set,

surprise to him that China had not been and there were many when Germany which she cecupied on May 24th, 1899. seized Kino-chew for the murder of two China was accorded facilities for using revenue, which forms the security for the they had heard regarding the Salt Gabelle: It is satisfactory to note that, the salt able to secure a better Government. What missionaries. We must also consider at the harbour for her warships so as to Quintuple or Five-Power Reorganisation showed what could be done, and he hoped the same time what effects were produced inconvenience her as little as possible. Loan of 1913 for £25,000,000, actually the Chinese Government would go still on those foreign Powers having relativus The object, of course, was to restore, as exceeded the Maritime Customs revenue, further and employ other Europeans in with China, whose interests at once far as possible, the lost balance of power after deduction of all expenses. This other departments. He would say that became involved when Germany suddenly, as a means towards presenting the threat result is due to Sir Richard Dano's the first thing for the present Government with no previous communication with the ened dismemberment of China. Chinese Government, committed this act 11th of the same year, 1893, the Emperor outset enormous difficulties with vested ciplined, well organised army, and every- On June successful administration. He had at the China to do was to get a well di3, of aggression on the mainland of China issued the first of a remarkable series of interests to contend with.

in obedience, as Adiniral von Diedó Deuress calling for reform, from which and

His ability thing else would follow rich's proclamation of November 14th, I take the following pregnant remark: Incidentally he has raised: Chinese credit obstacles. 1897, ran, to the commands of the In the present condition of Imperial in a most remarkable way. With regard Emperor of Germany. As in Belgium, affairs, with au untrained army, with to Chinese loans it is satisfactory to note so it was in China, this manifestation of ignorant literati, and with artisans that China has punctually met all her the Mailed Fist was at variance with untaught because they have no fit teachers, engagements to December 31st, as my late THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN. the provisions of a Treaty. The Treaty is there any difficulty in deciding, when colleague in the Hongkong and Shanghai in question was the document known as China is compared with foreign nations, Bank, Sir Charles Addis, courteously the Treaty of Tientsin, negotiated by that who is the strong, and who is the weak informs me. There is one most important

PROJECTED VISIT TO FORMOSA. great statesman, Lord Elgia, for Great It is easy to distinguish between the rich reform with which China has to ceal, that Britain, with Prince Kung and others for and the poor. How can a man armed is the reform of her currency. It seems the Imperiad Household, a

According to a prominent official of China in 1858. Up to this very day it with a wooden stick smite his foe encased paradoxical, but nevertheless true, that Japan's colonial possessions may

tour of remains the working chart for the mutual in a coat of mail?"-an obvious hit at such a practical people as the Chinese undertaken by His Majesty the Emperor Simple'ty Compactness, Durability, Portability. Weight 16 lbs., in leather travelling case $1 lbs guidance of relations between the two the Mailed Fist." The reforms adve have neglected this question. In which will take place at Kyoto in the fall countries. Under its wise provisions, cated aroused the whole fores of the old Treaties of comparatively recent times.

this year some time after the Coronation peace has been raaintained between the conservative and re-actionary. two countries, whilst commerce, its main within and without the Palace, and the rency. But she has had her hands full being made. it is likely that Korea. party China has undertaken to reform her cur. In the event of the Imperial journey objective, has steadily swelled year after Grand Council, and a bitter struggle lately, and we must not be impatient. all be honoured with a visit from His Formosa and Karafuto (Saghalien) will year to its prosent large dimensions, ensued, in which the Emperor was finally The national wealth of a country lies in Majesty Under the most favoured nation clause in overthrown and conlined, that Treaty all other nations, Germany of his councillors summarily beheaded. axiom. China is one of the most be of especial importance, in that up to six the industry of her people, that is an This prospective tour is considered to included, independently secured equal The Empress Dowager once more took the industrious nations in the world. Those the present no Emperor of Japan has opportunities for their commerce and reins of the coach, with the reactionaries who live there have the daily evidence of visited any one of the three territories industry. It represented a fair field and on board, which finally landed in the ditch that truth before their eyes.

All German merchants in of the Boxer outbreak and siege of Tien sources, with a population of some ever, His Majesty a number of years ago Her re- mentioned above. As Crown Prince, how- China enjoyed equal rights with all their tein and Peking. After these events samo 400,000,000, are accordingly great, which took an extended fourney throughout competitora. They had lived in peace the Russo-Japanese War, which was I venture to think, will become mere and Japan proper, and even visited Korea, and that friendly intercourse with British fought on Chinese soil. and other foreigners which is one of the

more apparent as railway development which at that time was only a protec- The above professes to be no more than proceeds. With regard to British interest torate of Japan. Several times petitions most pleasant feature of life in China.. rough outline of some, not all, of the in Chinm we have a faithful custodian in

received from the Government- They had neither part nor lot in this aftermath of disastrous events which that devoted servant of the Crown, Sir General of Formosa, expressing a loyal act, in which is easily recognised the followed in the wake of the German John Jordan, in whom the whole British and earnest desire that the Crown Prince hands of the German Mailed Fist" seizure of Kiao-chow!

might favour this island possession with party, Always standing behind that always been a thorn in the side of China, implicit confidents. (Applause.)

Kiao-chow has communities in China have the most at least a brief tour of inspection, and party and exercising a powerful influence all the more acutely felt because of the

it is believed that plans for such a have always needed one, but who would not get the Standard Models because their requirements over it, its councils as a voice behind the enormous fortifications erected there cost of the salt revenue had yet been brought they unfortunately had to be laid aside

Mr. Jamieson asked whether the whole journey were under consideration, when are different. In one word, it is built for people who will operate their own Maching throne was the great firm of Kruppsing some millions of pounds. German within the new administration. The owing to the great national loss which the

For further particulara, catalogues, eto,fapply a There are very strong reasons for believ culture as applied in this way to Chinese ing this to be true in the case of China, soil had, in Chinese eyes, an ugly and speaker replied that he was afraid he did

REMINGTON TYPEWRITER CO. and that the influence of that firm in menacing look Kiao-chow was & potat not know the exact position.

(INCORPORATED), NEW YORK China made itself felt when that country d'appui, as a German Chancellor called. Sir Louis Dare then remarked that As unprecedented an event such as this,

HONGKONG AGENCY, QUEEN'S BUILDINGS. was hesitating before taking the plunge it, or fulcrum, from which Germany could perhaps he could throw a little light on will, of course require much considera of going to war willi. Japan in 1804 over bring to bear a tremendous amount of the subject, and as so much had been said in and time in its preparation, and it the state of affairs in Korea. What took influence on China. With regard to the Richard Dane, he might say something is given out by the Household Depart about the services of his brother, Sir may be some time yet before any very place was this: in addition to seizing question of the change of tenancy, all that from what he had heard from him about ment officials

definite information regarding the event Kiao-chow, Germany made certain de- I have now got to observe is that our ally his proceedings in China. The way he decided when these travels will be under- mands on Chira for the murder of the Japan stands with Great Britain for cams to go to Chine was this: He was taken, an imposing list of high ecur

As soon as it is fully two missionaries. One was for a, zane of maintaining the independence and 50 kilometres around Kino-chow, in which integrity of China. She has given an Punjab, in April, 1913, and one day he Imperial Army and Navy will be staying with the present speaker in the dignitaries and prominent officers of the Germany demanded sovereign rights for undertaking to restore Kiao chow in due (Sir Louis) received a telegram from the appointed to form a suitable retinue to 20 years. In another the Chinese Govern course to its owners, the Chinese Chinese Minister in London, asking if he accompany the Emperor on this moment ment were required to defray the cost of know that Japan respects and keeps her knew where his brother was, and it be ous tour.-Japan Maul

ccupation of Kiao chow. The last obligations. I venture to think that by demand was that Germany be accorded the removal of the series of complications would be prepared to go to China to preferential rights for the building of to which the position of Germany in China the time his brother, who was a keen reorganize the Salt Administration. At failways and working of mines in the gave rise we shall see a happier and shikari, after the expenditure of much Province of Shangtung. China's protests brighter state of things in China, trouble, had arranged for a shooting tour were in vain, and she had to accede to Internally, with the adoption of a new from the Cape to Cairo in a year's time, the "Mailed Fist," if I may again borrow form of government she, will have to work and he was not in the least disposed to All the sons tight in numberof the then newly-coined phrase of the out her own salvation in her own way. A give up this trip for the administration A. Bennett, an eighty-year-old boatman Kaiser's about Kiao-chow, The most that we know is that in Yusn. Shih-kai favoured nation clause was thus infringed, she has a very enlightened President and of the salt revenue in China. He had

of Mylor Creek, Cornwall, ate, on active as our Minister in Peking pointed out a very strong man, who commands the very severe argument with him, and service-seven in the Navy and one is the at the time, and the balance of power in respect of all who are brought in contact pointed out that he knew something Army. Chine, rudely upset. Our Ambassadors in with him. With regard to loans to the he did not go some one of the other picturesque old cottage by the sea. They about salt, which few did, and if Mr. Beanett and his wife live in a Pitersburg Paria, and Tokyo sent Chinese Government, we have heard

tches reporting the grave views held criticisms as to matters such as Fire Contending nationals in China would take are now all alone, for their only daughter of Japan, Offcially Recommended by the 1 each of these capitals of the incidents, Power Loans. If those who made such over the administration of the Salt is married. The King has sent a Of these the most prophetic, as after criticisms could only realise

Medical Colleges of The Imperial Universities So very reluctantly he con events proved, was that of Japan. Sir part our statesmen and is the difficult sented to go. The reason why he was Ernest Batow our Ambassador, there had to play with regard to China, suggested for this work was that for 11 Sir-I have the honour to inform you of Tokyo and Kyoto. reported The general opinion in they would have paused and considered years in India he had been intimately that the King has heard with much interest Japanese official circles seems to be that to the advisability of making then, concerned with the administration of the that you have at the present moment zigst prolonged or possibly permanent occupa- venture to think. k

salt revenue, and during that time the serving in the Army and Navy, tion of Kino-chow would imperil the peaco

Chinese Government had once sent over King's congratulations and to assure you I am commanded to express to you the of the Far East," And the noise of the

two officials to sit at his feet and learn how that his Majesty mrch appreciates the spirit rather intimately connected with Lord in one family of loyalty and devotion to their salt should be administered. Also, he was of partriotism which prompted this example to Tientsin there were then caly open 175 Brassey's Opium Commission. It might Sovereign and Empire.I have the honour miles of railway. That was the line have been supposed that the Chines to be, sir, your obedient servant, As to Great Britain, it must be borns between aud Shanhaikwan. There are now Government would not have particularly in mind that our vast and preponderating roughly some 6,000 miles open.

FM. PONBONDY, On my loved a gentleman connected with the interests in China are purely of a com- arrival at Tientsin I had to ride up Opium Commission, but apparently the mercial nature All that Great Britain immediately to Peking, which is 80 miles Government thought this a great point in wants or has ever wanted to see is a from Tientsin-a journey which can now his favour. The speaker had always bad! prosperous and independent China. The be made in under three hours. A new a great difficulty in getting any informa

The discovery that it is not only war te history of British diplomacy is one of a spirit was abroad even then in 1895, and tion as to how he was getting on, but the the knife but to the fork as well is making strenuous and prolonged struggle for pre it was rather a matter of surprise to me other day he had writeon a letter on a deep impression on Germany. A resting serving the open door, and the indeper; that very winter to find myself almost return from short waves the was held in Berlin og Sunday to protesi MACGREGOR&C.

against the intention of the English to

no favour

g

critics in Germans were the voices of these erying in the wilderness.

THE EFFORTS OF GREAT BRITAIN.

RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT.

and

development in China, when I Brst went With regard to another subject, railway

Gabelle.

were

country suffered in the death of the late Emperor. Meiji

SEVEN NAVAL SONS.

KING'S LETTER TO 80-YEAR-OLD BOATMAN.

Buckingham Palace, Jandary 13th

Keeper of the Privy Parse.

dence and the integrity of China. The daily engaged in negotiations with the this he remarked on the great trouble he starre Germany out and to overthrow her ultimate expresion of these efforts is to Chire State Railway Director, Hu Yun had had, but that he believed he had economically, be found in the Treaty of Jenuary 30th, Mi, a dear old Chinese gentleman; after convinced the Chinese that they had a Tein say, we suppose, that it is hitting The protestors would 1002, with our ally Japan, the preamble wards appointed Governor of Peking, for great asset in the salt revenue. Now they below the belt

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