1915-02-09 — Page 7

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THE HONGKONG DAILY PERSS, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 9′′, 1918.

AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL growing corn, from the selection of soil WORK IN THE PHILIPPINES,

EDUCATING A NATIVE RACE,

[BY A CORRESPONDENT OF THE TIMES."]

and reed to the harvesting. Meanwhile, in the intermediate schools the girls were baing taught how to prepare a variety of different dishes made from corn.

front

WAR NEWS.

THE DEATH GAMBLE:

tion threo

TRADING WITH THE ENEMY.

A Royal Proclamation published in a supplement to the London Gatetie on January 7th states that transactions entered into by persons, firms, or com- panics resident, carrying on business, or being in the United Kingdom E

CHAINED TO THEIR GUNS,

A French officer fighting in the neigh bourhood of Rheims writes:

the Germans had fled. To the amazement German treaches the infantry charged, but After our battery had smothered the

of my men two German soldiers remained fastened to a machine-gun half covered with earth.

scured as our shells that it is becoming It appears that the Germans are so

INDIAN AFRICAN LINE.

Cargo carried on through Bills of Lading from HONGKONG to BEIRA, DELAGOA BAY, DUBBAN (Fatal), EAST LONDON, PORT ELIZABETH ■nd CAPE TOWN with transhipment at COLOMBO to Stesmen of the INDJAN AFRICAN LINE

PROPOSED SAILINGS, Connecting with "GUJABAT!”

FROM COLOMBO 17th Mar

FROM HONGZONG:

26th Feb.

EXCELLENT ACCOMMODATION FOR 1ST AND 2ND CLASS PADONNERBS.

customary to chain them to the guns, the ORIENTAL AFRICAN LINE. key being kept by officers.

HOPE IN SUBMARINE WARFARE.

the

Berliner Tageblatt, calls special attention

Captain Persius, writing in. to the fact that the success of the German submarine which torpedoed the Formid- able was achieved during the night. Ho says that this fact is perhaps the most important, among all the events of the war at sea. He says that, as it is well constantly at work, the small number of known that countless submarines aro their successes shows how difficult their tasks are and how necessary it is not to exaggerate the capabilities of the sub- marine. At the same time, he thinks that there is increasing hope that Germany wil the strength of the British Navy sufficient be able, by this sort of warfare, to reduc ly to enable the German Battle Fleet to come into action.

Such was the genesis of the famous corn planted in most of us-how strongly

The love of gambling le strongly im- campaign of 1913. Not only was the never realised until the other day, when campaign a complete success, but The Bureau of Education in the Philip Bureau was directly responsible for whathatting with a wounded gunner from the pines was created by the United States will eventually improve the diet-and, man to be killed, be said. "We'd got We used to gamble on the next Philippine Commission in 1903." The consequently, the physique of the island- story of that Commission has boon dra. The old axiom that all native races wait! There was always a favourite little sweepstako, draw names and admirably told by Dean Worcester in his in the tropics are naturally and incurably I held that not altogether enviable posi: work on the Philippines, mach the best lasy finde no place in the American book that has been written about the Burena of Education. They have, indood, bach time But I disappointed my islands and containing a most accurate seized upon the essential point; before you One day I noticed that a fellom a few and partial account of the events lead can teach a native the dignity of labour yards away kept on turning round to ing up to and succeeding the American you must touch him how to feed himself. look at me. He did it so often that at occupation. The main work of the Bureau In the special courses of the intermediate last I realised with a bit of a abock that is the administration of all the. Public schools there is naturally some variation be had drawn me in the sweepstake. He Schools (except those of the Moro province in the curriculum. The course for teach was waiting to see me tumble down with a under a seperate organization) in the ing is largely literary, though evon here bullet through me! I would have been Philippines, but its influence by no means time is found for a period of industrial worth 158. to him! teases thore. In addition to the 13 annual work every day for the first two years. In reports of the Director of Education, the the third your, apart from lessons in Bureau has issued over 50 Bulletins" method and daily practice in teaching, (ie, special reports) on the widest range lessons are given in hygiene, sanitation, of subjects for those interested or engaged and civica." In the housekeeping course in Philippine education The Bureau has nearly half the time is devoted to booking, also published a course of six Civico housekeeping, home sanitation and educational lectures, a considerable num bygiene, needlework, and ethics. I was ber of text-bocks specially suited for local specially struck by the eminently practical needs, and some 20 miscellaneous pamph-nature of the work. lots For the last two years the Bureau visited, before they did any cooking, the In one school. I has also been responsible for a monthly girls learnt to make their own dresses, illustrated magazine entitled the Philip and the majority were wearing dresses pine Craftsman "specially devoted to they had actually made themselves. The the advancement of industrial instruction kitchen was, of course, scrupulously clean, in the Public Schools."

but in all other respects was modelled Industrial Instruction is in fact the key exantly on the lines of a Filipino cottage. note to understanding the distinctive In most western cooking schools I have feature of the educational work which is inspected girls may be taught to become being accomplished in these islands. admirable cooks in hotels or large houses, There is no other country in the world but they are inefficient or extravagant or where this is being done with the same discontented in a labourer's cottage. The systematic method, and the admirable reason is obvious: they have been-learning action hereafter entered into within the mud. The mud of Poland is proverbial, work of the Americans deserves the closest study on the part of all those engaged, in native education. Technical, Agricul tural, and Trade Schools of course exist in varioua forma in most parts of the British Empire, but they not only touch Only a fringe of our native subjects, but also a very small percentage of these matives who are receiving any education at al! The Americans would appear to be on the high road towards the solution of that difficult problem, how to educate a native without producing & Baboo, or vorstocking the market with inefficient, unszteable, and consequently discontented Blerks.

with a branch situated outside the United (a) in respect of banking business Kingdom of an enemy person, firm, or company; or

business with a branch situated outside the United Kingdom of an enemy bank,

(6) in respect of any description of

shall be considered as transactions with an enemy.

Provided that the acceptance pay meat or other dealing with any negotiable instrument which was drawn before the date of this Proclamation shall not, if otherwise lawful, be deemed to be a trans- meaning of this paragraph.”

SOLDIERS THREE.

THE MUD ROUND BETHUNE..

the enemy is fat and marshy, and is now The country whers the fighting has been

almost impassable in places. Everywhere, proceeding lately between our forces and

hood of Bethune, there is nothing-says as far as the eye can see in the neighbour "Eye-witnesshut trenches, rains,

but it is hard to believe that the difficulties! produced by it are greater than those at present being experienced by both sides language of their own was again proved lying areas which, besides being cut up That soldiers have an international especially to any advance over the low- in some parts of our front. This applies

Rue de la Paz, Faris. A well-known places pitted with shell craters full of a few days ago by an incident in the by ditches, are water-logged and in some Edinburgh man was walking down the street to his hotel, when he saw a couple water. In such conditions, also, the con- fense Turcos-both of them over 6ft te The clay lace tenacious that it struction of entrenchments is no easy Highlander, coming high-and between them a bautam "

Hullo, Kiltie!" he shouted.

toward

him.

Where

The civilian and

will not leave the shovel, which has con- have you come from??

tinually to be terapod, while in the wettest the soldier-ho was from Glosca slide down into chapeless masses as soon places the soil is so liquid that parapets shook hands, and the Highlander told his as they are thrown up, and the sides of story.

an excavation continually cave in. It is bad that in a recent action between the reported that in one place the mud is so French and the Germans neither side or fought with shovels and pickozės. could fire their rifle, and clubbed them,

two days. Come on, dackies! And the grinning Turoos, linking arms with the

kiltie, strode away.

"I WANT WAR.”

THE ENGLISH AS COMMON PIRATES."

which indulges in wilder excesses of There is still no Gorman newspaper Chauvinistic rage than the Frankfurter

Zeitung, which has usually been regarded as the most respectable and moderate organ in Germany. It now uses language liko this page

either to make dishes which no labourer can afford to eat or to use utensils which no labourer can afford to buy.net

In the trade course special attention is paid to drawing, and the boys spend from two to three hours every day in the shops. I spent an afternoon at the Philippine School of Arts and Trades and found boys engaged in making the most beautiful mahogany furniture, wheel-wrighting, repairing automobiles, wood-working, machinery, blacksmithing, and ceramics. There are six farming schools in the islands, distributed so that every boy haz reasonable chance of attending ono if his parent wish. Here the academic work This is high praise, though no more than is confined to reading, writing, corn is deserved, but it must not be imagined position, and arithmetic. The theory of there are no rocks ahead. The Bureau agriculture accupies from six to threa We were a' in the trenches thegither" realizes very fully that the desired results periods a week, and the rest of the time he said. We were wounded in the Can only be attained after much patient is devoted to farm work, alternating with same engagement, and we're jist come experiment and adjustment. At present carpentry or repair work on rainy days to the same hospital.

e Bureau is engaged in putting into or when needed. Each school has upwards back tas the front in a few days. But We're goin' operation a programme of industrial of 10 hectares of good land for experi- do you understand what they say?" asked instruction which is "logical in sequence mental purposes. These farm schools the naa from Edinburgh. Not me," from grade to grade and in close harmony deserve close attention. They might be was the replyan they canna tell a with the industrial needs of the cnm imitated with advantago even in England, word I say. But we're gettin' on like a munity. In fact the Americans aand in English colonies they ought fo

boose on fire. We hav'na soparated for reparing Filipino boys and girls in the form an integral portion of the edura nost practical way for the industrial, tional system. It may be observed the ommercial, and domestic activities in they are not agricultural colleges, nor, as which later on they are to have a part.

far as I could see, do they attempt the The population of the Philippines is unpossible task of combining a high school roughly eight millions, and of this over education with the so-called preparation

alf a million aro being educated in the for agricultural life. The remaining A CONFESSION BY THE GERMAN GROWN PRINCE. primary, intermediate,

course in the intermediate schools is that secondary chools under control of the Bureau. for business, The most prominent fea Boys and girls enter a primary school tres of the curriculum are arithmetic, bout the age of seven and remain for four spelling and dictation, correspondence, years. During these four years they pass penmanship, civics, and geography, and, uccessively from Grado 1 to Grade 4; of course, typewriting and book-keeping. he daily school work of Grade 1 is 4 A limited number of pupils pass from in Berlin, and in January this year “I have been in the diplomatic service our and of the other grades five hours, the intermediate schools to the high (1914) I was there when the Emperor's One quarter of the time is spent in indus schools There are 44 of these in the birthday was being celebrated. I had rial work, mainly sewing or weaving. Philippines, but only 16 afford the full more than one conversation with the ndustrial fibro plants-ferns, grasses, the going to become teachers (in which case amboos, palms, and rattans. Thoso have they pass on to the normal school) or are n extraordinary range of commercial use going to enter some other profession. A rom building a house to making a dress, Low Fass on to the university, which is nd one of the Bureau gives a description being gradually reformed to fit in with

these plants, their distribution, method the national system of education. f preparation, and uses. In the depart pupils spend one or two years at a geniel museum at headquarters I was secondary school, and pass from there to hardly know what to say, but I will say

"I said, Sir, you hit me hard. 1"Everything which has hitherto passed hown specimens of exquisito basket work a higher trade school, the Central Luzon this first of all: I think you better try to under foot by the English. They have lone by children of eight and nine years Agricultural School, or special schools make a success of the Colonies you have carried on the war not like a Kultur f age.

such as the Philippine School of Com got and I know most of them before nation, but like a robber State, and their From the primary schools a large num

morce. The whole system is being wisely you take other people's. You must remem enf the children pass on, approximately built up from below, and the Bureau of ber that such a proceeding as you suggest of course, does not prevent them from meanest instincts have broken out. That, it the age of 11, to one of the intermediate Education will provide further special would mean war, and nobody wants a posing as the appointed protectors of right chools llore specialization begins at secondary schools as the demand grows. nce. Such early specialization is defend. In all these schools the teaching is entirely Gripping my arm the Crown Prince and of Kultur, but they will no longer d, and would appear to be justified, by in English, and the pupils learn no other said, beg your pardon. I want war. impose upon impartial critics by their be conditions of the country language until they enter a high school, want to smack those French swine. hypocrisy pecialization were delayed until children ntered the secondary schools, a large pro- ortion of them would leave school without

amazing story, at a public meeting in Mr. Ian Malcolm told the following Kent, recently, of what the German Crown Prince said to him —

The English have won successes not in any open battle with an enemy capable of greatly superior. Therefore they have resistance, but only where they were compensated themselves by a shameful system of robbing and plundering. They but like common pirates. As all the world conduct the war not like a civilized people, has already seer, ideal motives never hal any deciding importance for them from the beginning, but they fought solely for personal and economic interests and in competitor. They no longer have any respect for the law. They acquit them- solves of all their obligations, rob private property, and declare all the subjects of enemy States to be prisoners.

The Philippines are particularly rich in four-year course, and the pupils are either Crown Prince. Pro and I the effort to destroy their chief economic

"On one occasion he said,

ought to be friends and divide Europe between us. I said Really! He said, Yes, and we can do it if you will just shut your eyes and let us take the French Some colonies.'

and even then the number learning a second Janguage is almost negligible. Civics in one fore or another isn definite part of the curriculum in all schonts, but a special word of praise is due to an admirable little volume called

Right manners and good conductin use in all elementary schools. In its way this book is the best I have ever seen.

Nearly 10,000 teachers are engaged in carrying on this work, and no less than 4 per cont. of them are Filipinos. The total amount of money spent is rather over $7,000,000 (roughly, £1,400,000 sterling). In India, with a ropulation 38 times as large, we spend a little over five millions sterling annually.

ny special preparation to fit them for iseful careers in the more or less humble tations in life to which the activities of he majority are necessarily confined. There are six special courses provided; the eneral course, course for teaching, course o farming, trado course, course in house- eering and household-arts, and course in usiness, Obviously every intermediate chool cannot offer every course, but the 78 intermediate schools are so distributed hroughout the islands that any pupil has acilities for practically a complete free tom of choice. In the general course bout one quarter of the time is spent in ndustrial work. During the first yoar he boys do baskotry and handweaving, in he second year they do gardening, and the third they devote themselves to roodwork. In all three years the girls are ngaged in housekeeping. Here, ngain, Thore is little to call for comment this ho Eureau comes to the assistanco of both week, but what there is is all to the good. eachers and pupil, "Bulletins on The tone of the market is stondy and has chool and home gardening, household recovered slightly from the lowest levels, ts, and woodwork have been issued, and clearances have shown tendency to in- they for not only excellent referenes crease, and even Sodiuen merchants are books for the teacher, but are really valu-o beginning to realise that they will ble contributions to the industrial are hane to be satisfied with slightly less then

gress of the country.

SHANGHAI TRADE, Messrs. Ilbert & Co.'s Intest Picco Good, Market Report says:-

spot

It is no good telling mo after that the Germans did not want war," added Mr. Malcolm.

ANGLOPHOBE HAMBURG.

The special fury of Hamburg against England found fall expression at the Hamburg merchants. After a long speech annual meeting on Now Year's eve of on the economic situation by the President of the Chamber of Commerce a resolution was passed which concludes as follows:- "The merchants of Hamburg have no regard to losses in money and property at a time when cur sons and brothers enthusiastically offer their lives in a fight which is fought for the maintenance of the Fatherland. After such heavy sacri- fices the fight must not be ended until all the disturbers of the world's peace, and especially England, who in hor conduct of war outrages not only international law, but all morality and chivalry, are compelled to guarantee to a victorious Germany full freedom for the further peaceful desciopment of her national and economic forces.

as international law has been trodden

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211

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