1914-09-21 — Page 5

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The following article from the New naper Werld is important as it probably explains the Press Bureau mentioned in the Reuter telegrams and illustrates its origin:

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In November last, says the Newspaper World, we published a brief summary of an address delivered at the Royal United Servies Institution by Mr. H. A.. Gwynne, editor of the Morning Post, on the subject of "The Press in War." As the contributor Whitefriars" pointed out at the time, Mr. Gwynne speaks with authority on this subject, for not only has ho held the editorship of The Standard and been connected with the Reuter's Agency, but previously he obtained_con- siderable practical experience of the Press in time of war through his services as Router's Agency. His lecture expounded the patriotic line as distinct from that of the purely professional. The Press subordinate in national emergencies was his argument, and he proposed a sort of ball-way, house for the Press and. War Office authorities in order to satisfy the demands of the latter for secrecy and tho, natural desire of the people for news. Ile thought that the Press would agree to omit all reference to movements of troops on the outbreak of

great war, but he doubted very much whether, in the early and most critical stages of the war, the Press and the public behind the Press would be content with an arbitrarily enforced blank silence. Leaving quite the question of war correspondents, he suggested co-operation between Press and War Office.I would suggest," he said, "that a small committee of not more than ten be formed, composed of eminent journalists, and elected by the profession. or selected by the Government, as the case may be. This committee should enjoy to the very fullest extent the absolute con Adence of the newspapers of England. and not only that, they should be names which would carry respect with the general public. To this committee should be given a place in the Admiralty or War Office on the outbreak of war, and they should work in close co-operation with either one officer or a committee of officers appointed by the authorities. These Press repre sentatives should be men of such a stamp that they could be told a good deal more than could be confided to the Press generally, and it would be their business to prepare every day an account of what is going on, or to refrain from saying any- thing at all, in conjunction with the naval and military authorities, Acting with a full knowledge of the issues at stake they would be less likely to do anything which would be harmful to the country's interest."

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would not be controlled? He thought that blank silence, and he put the query as to "doctored" now was not better than the action of Delane, who would, of course, have been on the Council, when he received Russell's report on the British hospitals in the Crimea. Personally, he thought

the proposals reactionary, suggested that they were unnecessary, and pleaded for the discretion of the Press,

Captain Fisher evidently made a slip, wrote Whitefriars." when he said that no cases could be given where news had proved of advantage to the enemy, for both Major Stewart Murray and Mr. C. Lowe quoted instances one that occurred in 1866 and the other that practically decided the fate of the French Army at Sedan..

FIRE RISKS ON SHIPS.

REVISION OF PROTECTIVE.

REGULATIONS.

DEFECTS IN THE CONVENTION.

[BY A CORRESPONDENT OF THE TIMES."']:

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It is difficult, again, to understand how the Conference was satisfied with only two- equipments of smoke helmets" for large passenger ships. Smoke helmets should be worked in pairs, and the men require to be relieved every quarter of an hour work is to be done. without an intervening interval if good

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[50

In expounding this suggestion, Mr. Gwynne thought that two objects would Ee gained. First, the public would be content, even if no information were given, when assured that the representa tives of the Press approved of the silence; and second, information that did appear Whilst in many respects the Interna- would not be calculated to injure the tonal Convention on Safety at Sea has operations of the Army and Navy Going made minute provision for improvements un to speak of other advantages, he in the rules for shipping, it is regrettable pointed out that "in the first place the that. little has been done by it to reduce War Office sould no longer be harassed the fire hazard, or shipboard. This trained firement to deal with the THREE HUNDRED YEARS IN the fields, and Germang, mows them, down at a most critical period by Press question appears to call for some com importunities. Such matters being leftment at the moment, seeing that both our to the cominittes, they could rest assured own Board of Trade and the authorities that whether information or no informa concerned in Germany and the United tion was vouchsafed to the public the Press States are at present busily occupied in would be satisfied and therefore, to a great drafting the necessary national enact extent, the public also; and they could go ments and regulations, which have to be on with their plans without any pre-framed at once, and in which the require occupation regarding publicity. My own ments of the Convention are to be the conviction is that there would be no

minima."

and

trouble, whatever in establishing such a It can scarcely be said that the system, although, of course, in time of provisions as to fire detection peace the suggestion is bound to meet with extinction accord even with the moderato a good deal of criticism, but I feel more eguards provided by many shipowners and more assured that in case of a great of their own free will, and they are far national emergency such as a war with a beaind what we find to be the practice on great European Power, it would work board some liners of recent date. smoothly, and the Press would carry out the arrangement loyally."

TO REMOVE DISTRUST-

PREVENTING OUTBREAKS OF FINC.

- THE MEETING POT.

A WAR OF CIVILISATION.

Writing in the Daily Chronicle when

Nothing is said in the Convention as to

the United States, however, in their draft ship's are appliances Both Germany and regulations, propose that a certain num- her of trained firemen of the petty officer grade shall be carried on ships of large tonnage, they are to have had actual fire war between England and Germany was brigade experience, and are also to be in inminent, Mr. Harold Begbie, made the charge of the fire patrol men. It may be following striking comments:- hoped that the Board of Trade will make similar requirements for our large liners,

"FIREPROOF" BULKHEADS.

Another million take their place, Death again. Another million.. And yet another million of these 16th century peasants. And when it is all over, those

ticularly England and Germany, where who are left will go back to their fields.

But Germany, France, England, par will they turn when the million dead aro ie involved whether she fights or looks on, and morinr of Industry way be still It is too late to stop it. And England shovelled under bloody sail? The bricks But in the name of reason, before we put standing; but where will Credit be found? paper caps on our heads and march and what will the millions of starving constructional divisions, it is a matter of breathing beer, and singing, Britons get upon our feet? Where is the clock. As to limiting the risk of fire by special through the streets waving peony flags, factory handa be doing? How shall wo congratulation that the includes a regulation on this point. Such what this War means, and reflect upon and set the pendulum swinging onco Convention never shall be slaves, let us consider maker who will mend the smashed wheels bulkheads are to be fitted at intervala not the to-morrow of Europe.

again? Happy the Russian peasant who greater than 130ft. What would really This War means the sudden stopping of will go back to his 16th century and his have been a more practical measure, a clock by which we moderns have regn-field, telling the time by the sun's shadow however, would have been to require fire-lated not only our meals, not only our Industry in Europe, with other things of resisting bulkheads at intervals of about journeys, but the habits of our minde. older date, will lie in ruins.

In three months from now the democra 60ft., made of materials that will resist The Big Stick of Brutal Force has been a severe fire for (say) two hours, and to suddenly thrust into the exquisite and cies of Europe will be crying out for a allow an exemption for (say) the main delicate mechanism of Civilisation. The return to normal conditions. The War saloon,

whals cease turning, the hands are ar Lords will be confronted by their out- The British Fire Prevention Committee, rested, and the peaceful, friendly, and raged and maddened victims. What will who have done such good work in respect most familiar tic-tac of our human exist they auswer? Men will want work, they ence dies into a silence not gut broken will want wages, they will want food. te the fire risks in great cities, are now by the clangour of guns, the groans of the Europe will ask for these things, and the subject of fire protection on board ship, Already, now at this moment Civilisation Which of them, while to restore three cent preparing a comprehensive report on the dying, and the noise of falling thrones. War Lords will be driven to answer. and those authorities who have the stops stops dead. We in England who strength, will be able to restore three cen- adaptation of the International Conven have done nothing and even now may do taries of human progress? Normal con tion to English purposes in hand, nothing in the War, are hurled suddenly ditions! These normal conditions are the

the including Mercantile Shipping back into barbarism. We arm; but it is fruit of 200 years of evolution, 300 years Committee, would do well to take it into against Murder, Religion, philosophy, labour not of yesterday nor of pygmics. Advisory Committee and the Bulkheads against Hunger. We mobilise but it is of moral and intellectual evolution consideration Foreign authorities at literature, painting, and, chief of all per Destroy normal conditions and you any rate are using the British Fire haps; science with its tereh at the head of destroy to-day yesterday, and all the Prevention Committee's confidential our human hosts, are suddenly flung back yesterdays of European civilisation. Ex- * statement "" as a basis for their require ward; they become of no moment, Who pect, then, a bewildering To-morrow. .nents.

Armaments have broken the back of the wants to know about Immanence? Who cares to hear what Bergson and Eucken labourer, and with the fall of the think? Who bothers about books and labourer all things fall, all things como pictures? Who Is ready to endow a labo- to worth. Because of the War Lords, and ratory or listen to the chemist and the only because of the War Lords, the mart hiologist We are back in the age of of scienen is paralysed, and civilisation sticks the struck eagle ·

and stones, but perishing science stops. Humanity has been fooled. Too

late it discovers it. -tras

The most useful fire preventive provi sion to be found in the Convention is The editor of the Morning Post antici-certainly one which probibits passenger pated that his suggestion would receive vessels from carrying cargo, etc., likely to severe criticism from some of his endanger the lives of the passengers, but colleagues, He particularly instanced the this should have been supplemented by argument that the proposal would have further specific regulations as to the the effect of destroying, for the time being, declaration of cargo and its marking for newspaper enterprise, and of reducing all easy recognition. Curiously enough, journals to dead level of dull official there are no other specific fire preventive information. To these crities he pointed requirements in the Convention, although out that the alternative systems which several in the matter of the ships have been suggested are mostly of a strong illumination, heating, flues, etc., were repressive character, which, of course, generally expected. failing any other workable scheme, would he absolutely essential. And I would put detection is the institution of the fire The most valuable provision as to fire it to those in authority that such alterna patrol, but unfortunately the Convention tive schemes of iron suppression of all as in all its fire protective clauses-is news relating to the war, have the somewhat vague on the subject. The Con- disadvantage of antagonizing at the vention requires that a continuous patrol beginning, and therefore at the most system shall be organized, but nothing is critical time of the operations, both the said as to how frequently every part of a Press and the public. I submit that my ship shall be patrolled or by whom, it suggested Committee of Journaliste would shall be patrolled, and there is no not only tend to remove distrust and mention of certificated patrol men, as resentment on the part of the journalist there is of certifcated lifeboat men, or the public, but it would have the added What is needed is a patrol of certificated advantage that all regulations would be men of good standing, not necessarily carried out not only in the letter but in taken from among the able seamen, but, the spirit, and the Press would be on its for instance, from the steward staff honoar, as it were, to play the game."

Here again the Board of Trade should frame its regulations as clearly as possible. In any case, the patrol systember. should be supplemented by a checking system, and fire-call points should be fitted up in all passenger ships.

ADVERSE CRITICISMS.

FIRE EQUIPATENT. -.

In the discussion that followed, one officer disagreed from Mr. Gwynne's con cli s for muzzling the Press, and, on the er hand, a journalist in Mr. U.; Lowe is ready with a case proving the danger of allowing unrestricted publica With regard to the fire appliances, the tion in the Press during a time of war. Convention omits all reference to the The two speeches suggested that at least invaluable fire bucket, which is a most one officer disagreed with the sacrifices economical first aid appliance and is proposed on behalf of newspapers, and eminently effective in most cases; on the the only journalist who spoke in the dis other hand, directions are given for a cussion also agreed with Mr. Gwyane. It sufficient number of fluid extinguishers to was Captain Fisher who took the opposite be carried. Such extincteurs," when line, and he pleasantly chaffed the lecturer really well made and properly maintain- that they were nearer the millennium than ed, are most bendy appliances. But the he himself had anticipated. What Board of Trade will be well advised to would ́ Labby' (Mr. Labouchere) care for issue a detailed specification as to con- that Council?" he asked. How would struction, capacity, air space, and the Council control the journalist who frequent inspection

VESSELS EXPECTED.

THE AMERICAN. MAIL-

The P.M. str. Korea, carrying the mails

Regember this, too. Among the young from the United States, leit Yokohama larmed us with other weapons; the for Hongkong via Manila on the 18th slaughter will be more hideous, the ruin onscript soldiers of Europe who will die September, at 10 a.m., and is scheduled will be more calamitous, and for nobody in thousands, and perhaps millions, are to arrive at this port on the 25th Septem-will there be a crown of glory.

the very fower of civilisation; we shall All that has made this strange eu fur us in ten or twenty years ease- a. destroy brains which might have discover- perience of conscious human life interest-

MERCHANT STELHEDS.

£2.

Our

The Mogul Line str. Athail Isft Singa-ins, ennobling, and hopeful, has rested rents for the worst of human pains and pore on the 16th September, a.n, and is what it has been because of two things, We shall blot those souls out of our com

upon Commeres; and Commerce has been solutions for the worst of social dangers. therefore expected to arrive here on the Credit and Good Manders. Where is non existence. We shall destroy utterly 22nd September, daylight,

Credit now? Want banker in London, those splendid burning spirits reaching The 0.8.K. str. Chicago Maru arrived what British merchant, ever dreamed out to enlighten our darkness. at Manila on the 17th September, and week ago to hear of such a thing as a fathers destroyed those strange and valu will leave for Hongkong on the 21st moratorium? And where are Good Man able creatures whom they call September, and is expected to be at this ners gone Look for them in” Asia, but ! witches," destroying the brightest not in Europe. At every Christian frou At least, then, let us not get drunk. port on the 24th September, daylight.

our angels. The str. City of Bristol left New York tier you can pick up a brokea treaty and least, then, let us not sing boastful songs. on the 10th August, and is due, here on a dishonoured bond testy

Honour may call us to fight, self-preserva- Mr. Norman Angel told me this morning on way force us into the slaughter house; or about 25th September.

The T.K.K. str. Scio Maru will artive that out of this war everybody fight but let us wear on our sleeves the crepe here from Moji on the 28th September,

ing, and robody wanting to fight "two- The Barber Line str. Chalister left New changes of transcendent importance will of mourning for a civilisation that hack.

the promise of joy, and strike our enemy. York for Hongkong via Panama on the emerge. We shall have a Cossack Europe without a biecough or a curse.

Never

AŁ

Lit September, and is dus here on or about and New York will henceforth be the shall we know again what is now perish

the 20th October.

•

centre of Credit. Eussia must win. She calls a million 16th century peasants from ing. And we shall went all our strengil

for To-morrow.