1914-09-07 — Page 5

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176

HONGKONG METEOROLOGICAL

REGISTER.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 7TH, 1914

JAPAN'S TEXTILE INDUSTRY.

THE CRITICISM OF CONDITIONS.

Lately there has been a good deal of criticism going about of Japan's factories by both native and foreign critics. Among the former Mr. Abe Isod is the most vigorous, He is also one of a very smuff band, for though those who do criticise are trenchant enough, it is so rarely that the most abominable bondi, tions can excite, any indignant interest that one is fain at times to doubt the Japanese capacity for democratic feeling. According to Mr. Isoo, each mill loses eighty per cent. of its operatives every year. He also gives appalling percen tages of those who return to their village homes consumptive and of those who do not return at all. Nearly every girl with. uny spirit and good looks, he says, goes: AK Fu tea-house waitress-a profession octween which and prostitution no definita lino can be drawn.

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HIGH-CLASS OUTFITTERS AND FURNISHERS,

Of foreign critics Miss Violet Markhaip appears to be the most competent. She is not so statistical as Mr. Isoo, but her descriptions bear a better impress of reality. Her facts, however, are mostly the well-known ones. The mills work practically all the time by means of two shifts. The great majority of the opera- tives are young girls, who are recruited in the villages and sign on for three years. It may be noted here that the magistrates Ideal pretty severely with breach of con

tract by female employees. These are housed or rather herded together in dormitories, where the double-shift Among the finer woollen goods it was the in which any success W&5 system enables a Box-and-Cox arrange only one ment to be carried out, each sleeping achieved even with this encouragement.

Presently the joyful news was pro quilt or futon, serving for two girls. Needless to say, the windows are shut all claimed that imports of mousseline had the time, and the place gets little chance en entirely checked then a tri- of being dusted and aired; so it is not umphal pean heralded the first shipment ́abroad Since then something seems to surprising that phthisis sometimes runs have gone wrong. The trial shipment was through such places like an epidemic.not followed by extensive orders, for pro- The conditions of labour, too, are not far tection is of no avail on the foreign removed from slavery; but so long as the market, and Japan suddenly found itself Japanese law permits girls to contract with more mousselines then it could wear. themselves for a term of years to brothel. There was a negotiation for a combine, keepers it can hardly be expected to but the better companies told the worse restrict them in their contracts with rather plainly that the latter were only millowners.

parasites on the trade, humpering the efficient factoris. Hard times have, how ever, driven then into fellowship--though not into amalzimation-and, after a con- farence which lasted the whole night, they have agreed to reduce their output by 50 per cent. from June 1st, and each will watch the others as a cat watches a mouse. At the present price of 29 sen a yard the weavers are said to be losing 4 sen, and wool is going up in price.

(649

His structures must stand nature.

gainst flood, typhoon, earthquake, fre, and decay. In addition to these unknown quantities he must also provide against the uncertainties of imperfect workman- skip, variable character of niaterials used and the vagaries of fou dations, as well as the 186 and abuse to which his structies may be subjected during their ille.

"In the beginning, engineers untaught by experience and unskilled in technical knowledge provided against all unknown factors by building structures five, ton. twenty, or even a hundred times as strong as they really needed to be. In those days expense was a secondary matter. In the present day, from a business point of view, the best engineer is the one who can secure the largest useful return per dollar invested.

It is clear that Mr. Jaoo's statistics do not quite agree with Miss Markham's description, for if most of the girls are on three year indentures, it is obvious

The general public should understand that 80 per cent of the employees cannot leave their employment annually. How

that it requires no engineering skill to build structures of such enormous propor ever, there is a good deal of free labour,

tions that there is no possibility of and Miss Markham says that where the

failure. It does require engineering girls live out there is more appearance

skill, however, to so design and plan of health, energy, and self-respect. Prob

There is a coarse serge used by rick-structures as to get reasonably safe and ably Mr. Isco'e figures are correct enough in respect of the free labour, which is shaw-men for their tight trousers and satisfactory results with the least amount exceedingly unstable. Even when condi-such like unornamental purposes, which of expenditure

seems to be compratively free from the tions are good, the Japanese worker soon' gets bored and goes off for a change. But prevailing depression; but even in this

line makers have taken to sending cus I rather doubt whether Mr. Isso carried tomers larger quantities than they order out his investigations in person. Missed on the chance that they will accept; so Markham did, and had some difficulty in it locks as though the home market mono- gaining an entrance to the mills. She poly was on the point of being over was perhaps a little harsh in her comment supplied in this line also. However, there about the two days off a month, which is a large out-let for superfluous serge the operatives are allowed more for the making energy in the manufacture of sake of the machinery than for their own qualities suitable for European style she says.

But these two days are usual clothes. Up to the present manufacturers among all Japanese workers-the 1st and have failed to seize the opportunity here the 15th-but they are always willing to presented, and no duty seems to be high abandon them in favour of keeping enough to keep gut English cloths. I sus- pect it is only because officials nowadays Sunday!

are expected to dress in European style that the duty is kept down to about 40 per cent. ad valorem. -Indian Tertde Journal.

Most significant is it that in some prelectures the local authorities have forbidden recruiting of female labour for the cotton mills, and even in this land of dutiful but superfluous daughters the recruiting agents are beginning to find a good deal of difficulty in fulfilling their contracts. The natural consequence of such a factory system as this follows; the mumber of hands employed per 1,000 spindles is nearer the Indian than the Lancashire standard, and coarse counts are all they can spin.

SHORT-TIME MOVEMENT.

A DEFENCE OF THE ENGINEER

Apropos of the partial failure of thres concrete bridges. in the Philippine Islands, the Chie Engineer, P.W.D., sent the following letter to the Quarterly Bulletin of his Department:-

It is obviously impossible to hold the

him

an

It takes no small degree of courage for an engineer to assume the risks necessary for true economical design and construe- tion, knowing as he knows that the, probable failures incident to such policy are likely to bring upon unintelligent and unjust criticism which, in the case of a young engineer, may over ruin his reputation. It is the province and policy of the Bureau of Public Works as an organization to protect its engineers from such unjust criticisms. This does not mean that incompetency, gross errors, or ignorance of correct principles will be condoned. It does mean that legitimate business risks intelligently assumed will not be held against any engineer in the service"

SHANGHAI TRADE.

Messrs. Hert & Co.'s latest piror goods. market report says -

There have been no auctions' this week,

but owing to a dispute involving a not because of total absence of buyers, certain amount of "face" that has arisen with the Auction Dealers' Guild, and appears to be amicably arranged so the

The slump did not come so early as was expected. All last year there was quite a individual enginer financially respon-auctions can be resumed next week, boom in mill building, while China, insible for mistakes or failures A single spite of revolutions, did its duty (and errar of judgment on his part may cost

Nevertheless continues to do it) nobly.

Clearance of goods from stock continues upon a fair scale considering the small- ness of any export movement, and the native the inevitable has happened: production more than bis entire salary of a lifetime consequent difficulties of the has gone ahead of demand, and prices Nor is it customary any part of the money market.

Any action by Japan and the Allies, have come down, Coarse Kanegafuehieivilized world to hold a professional man that may be taking place against yarns are quoted at 100 yen-the lowest

A captain loses Tsingtao, may have a disturbing effect price by several yen on record-and the financially responsible,

[but so long as operations are restricted

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Sir Ernest Shackleton's Route

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Wentrusted with the par

TRITING to the agent

chasing of the stores for the forthcoming Imperial Traps - Antarctic Expedition, Sir Ernest Shackleton uses these words:-

"The question of the concentrated beef supply is most important-

it must be Bovril"

Men who trust their lives `ta their food take no risks, and Sir Ernest Shackleton, planning this expedition with as intimate

SHIPPING IN PORT

- STEAMERS..

ALBIANA, British str., 8,468, Wm. Dunbar, 95th August Chingwantao Jath August, Coal-Dodwell & Co.' CHENAN, British str., 1,305, W. L. Jones, 4th September Shanghai 20th General, Butterfeld & August,

Swire.

a knowledge of stores as of ice and snow, has recognised the scientifically proved value of Bovril.

TAIWAN MARU, Japanese str., 1,146, M. Bawada, 2nd September-Kwang Yen 26th August, Stone.-Shewan, Tomes TALTHYBIUS, British str., 6,522, F. Wil

& Co. liams, 1st September--Manila 30th August, General. Butterfield & Swire,

TELACHUS, British str., 1,350, Fraser, 26th August-Saigon 24th August, Rico.-Chines.

Algher counts have been quick to follow his ship, but he does not reimburse the upon the Shantung market for a time, CHOYSANG, British str., 1,424, 8. Finder TUNOSHING, British str., 1,120, L. Kussey,

suit. However, the leading mills have owner for the loss, nor does he lose his to the Tsingtao territory, and the natives contracts well forward, and though a standing as a captain unless investigation hegin to realise that this is so, their fears short-time movement is being organised, shows him to have been negligent in his may quickly become dissipated. it may not improbably fall through. So duties. The average lawyer must of As to the rest, the situation is upon far only one considerable yarn merchant necessity lose at least 50 per cent of his

has failed as a direct effect of the slump, cases; but he does not.. reimburse hit the knees of the gods."

though several small men have gone. The clients for their financial loss even though banks have mostly become stricter in the heir cases may have been lost through The conditions on which they advance money, his ignorance or incompetence.

[H

SHIPPING REPORTS.

The British ser. Katsang · reports;

The British str. Hayang reports: Moderate winds and sea with fine clear

PASSENGERS.

ARRIVED.

Per Ounfo, from Yokohama, Mr. H. MacCullum,

and speculative traders, as usual, think doctor loses many cases; but he makes these precautions aro both insulting to

his financial reimbursement for themselves and unpatriotic. In the short mistakes, though be

may lose both time movement much is supposed to de-prestige and practice if his mistakes Maderate S.W. monsoon, rather rough pend on the attitude of the Kishiwadare too frequent or too well-known sea. mill, which is booked well forward on Architects and engineers are required to Hongkong orders, the market there not design fireproot structures; but no one being so depressed as that of Shanghai would think of holding them financially weather.

It was early in April that the demand responsible for damages caused by fire.

There is a curious popular misconcep began to fall off, and the NY.K. found its two additional steamers on the Shang- tion that engineering is an exact science hai run no longer necessary, while since ut.d therefore an engineer should make then it has become impossible to fill the no mistake. Nothing could be further regular boats. But during April the cot from the truth. As well say that because ton mills beat a record with an output of the rules for computing interest are

Per Chinhua, from Manila, Mr. and 152,069 balea. This is an excess of more exact, the business man should make than 25,000 bales over the amount spun no mistakes or failures. In fact, the very Mrs. Williams and Miss G. Williams.

Per Haiyang, from Amoy, etc.. Miss C. in April, 1913. At that time fears were engineering formulas used for computing entertained that not more than 40,000 the size of a beam, the flow of a river, Arthur, Miss K. Ferries, M. Perry, Mr. bales could be put on the China market or the bearing value of a pile are based. Thomas and Mr. Huburg, Dale | month. China's consumption has, how-on assumptions that are only approxi Per Kulsony, from Calenta, etc., Mr. ever, expanded to 50,000 bales, and the mately true and in some cases may be as Logan, Major and Mrs. Shipman, Mr. tp m

Last monthly return at the beginning of a much as 50 per cent. in error. The results and Mrs. Pulker, Capt. Blair, Capt. decline showed 47,543 bales. Just now btained by their use depend entirely on Spicer and Mr. Jonson, 29.55 there is a general depression in trade, the skill, experience, and judgment of with congested stocks of nearly every the engineer who applies them. He must

Per Inaba Marn, for Australia etc., thing, and among texile industries it was select the constants to be used just as only to be expected that the mousaline business man must from his general Mr. and Mrs. Levasseur, Mr. T. Ide, Mr. weavers should find themselves in dif knowledge decide whether certain Montague, Mrs. C. Williams, Mr. C. G. culties. Their difficulties are Judeed enterprise will pay 2 or 20 per cent on Y, Enriquez, Mr. Walton, Praf. and Mrs. Moore, Miss Moore, Dr. F. L. Sarinas, ebronic. The industry was planted here the investment. by means of a prohibitive import duty

Mr. J. J. Ossario, Mr. J. B. Godkin, Miss and a bounty on imports of raw wool.

A. Beers and Mrs. Raymond. T

Hongkong Observatory, September 6th

Previous On Date On

Day a1.

Barometer

ai

at 2 pm. 6 am.

29.59

29:63

Temperature

85

80

B9

Humidity...

56

81

62

Wind Direction

East

West

West

Force

4

3

Weather

0

b

D

Bain.......

Highest open air Temperature on 5th-86 Lowest open air Temperature on 5th

79

An engineer pite his training, experi ence, and skill against the unknown in

DEPARTED.

son, 1st September-Swatow 27th August, General.-Jardine, Matheson & Co. DRUFAR, Norwegian str., 1,103, Jensen, 1st September-Bangkok 25th August, Rice. Chinese. FUKUI MAZU, Japanese str., 3,087, Miyaoko, 2nd September-Moji 25th Auugst, Coal-Mitsui Bussan Kaisha. HANGONGW, British str., 999, Wake, 30th August-Eaigon 25th August, Rice Butterfield & Swire. HRJUN MARU, Japanese str.,

1,957, 1at September-Baigan 28th August, Ballast-Mitsui Bussan Kaisha. KELD, Norwegian str., 910, Hellesoe, 27th August Bangkok 18th August, Rice. -Chinese.

KWANGSE, British str., 1,228, G. G.. Spinke, 31st August-Saigon 26th August, Rice-Butterfield & Swire. LIDDLESDALE, British str.,.2,105, Farfor. 1st September-Durban 31st July, General Dodwell & Com

3rd September-Saigon 30th August, Rice. Jardine, Matheson & Co. WASHING, British str., 1,170, 8. Wilde, 4th September-Hongay 31st August, Coal.--Jardine, Matheson & Co.. WIMBLEDON, British str., 2,438, Cantell, 26th August-Woosung 22nd August, Coal Dodwoll & Co. YUNNAN, British str., 1,236. W. French, 3rd September-Tientsin 26th August, General.-Butterfield & Swire.

HONGKONG TIDE TABLE,

From 7th to 13th September, 1914.

HIGH WATER

Woek

Days

Height

LOW WATER

H'kong-

IT'kong.

Aleau

Mewa

Time

Time

h. M

ft. D

it. in

7 10 0

4

4 23.

Height

HAICHING, British str., 1,667, W. C. Pass- more; 4th September-Swatow 3rd September, General-Douglas Lape raik & Coach, na ngase That win Mon,

150 & 8

55 s Tues.

811 19.5 9 5 4 MOYO, British str., 8212, Gosewood, 2nd September-Liverpool 25th July,

1174 6 0 5 18 2 General Butterfield & Swire. · ·

Wadi 9m 11 8 5 36-47- PHRA NANO, British str., 1,022, H. Flash

|11 268; 6-I 5 38B 3. man, 20th August Boinow 28th

Tharu 10.0 24 47 m 6 37 August; General Order, Sou

11 63 62

5 50 3 6. BERRIES, British str., 2,696, J. W.

1:21 a 4 (2 um 7.41, 3.0 Angers, 28th August-Woosung 22nd

5.48 & 3 R August, ¿Coal and General --Dodwell star. 12 m & Co.

water" GWASLEY, British str., 2.308. Steele, 27th | Sun. 13 1 25 6.3 11 6 2.8

August-Wdosung 22nd August, Cost

No Fafer, Ligh- nor low- water Admiralty.

Fri.

11

0 31

6 3 jm 9 50

No inte

high-nor low

31