1914-09-01 — Page 3

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS. TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1914

THE WAR: A RETROSPECT. | prisoners were takon and 65,000 surren

History (sometimes repeats itself, and the tiermans soom to be determined that, if possible, there aliull be a repetition of the tactics they followed so successfully in

$870 As in

the present case, that

CORRESPONDENCE.

PRINCE OF WALES' RELIEF FUND.

..

TO THE EDITOR OF THE “HONGKONG DAILY PREBS."]

THE KOMAGATA- MARU."

QUESTION OF ITS JOURNEY AT HONGKONG.

the memorablo Franc-Prussian war of to exist? The fall of Sedan and the your columns, be allowed to bring has become world-known, was due to

dered the next day, with over 500 pieces of artillery. About 14,000 French wounded were found lying in the neighbourhood, and about 3,000 escaped into Belgium and In short, the great laid down their arms. army of the north, from whom the French nation had expected so mach, had ceased wiping out of MacMahon's army caused a revolution in Paris, where, on Septem- struggle was ushered in with a speech by ber 4th, a republic was proclaimed. This the Kaiser to his people, who were told move seemed to inspire new confidence that the love of the common Father-in the sorely tried French nation, who, land, and the unanimous uprising of the though to all intents and purposes irrevocably defeated, calmly proclaimed German nation, have conciliated all to the Germans, We will not code either opinions and dissipated all disagree an inch of our territories or a stone of our fortresses," The Germans replied by ments The war will procure for marching on Paris and in sweeping all Germany a durable peace, and from this before them, and on Beptember 15th the Bloody seed will arises a harvest blessed siege of Paris was begun. The German terms of peace now were the cession of by God-the liberty and unity of

the departum of Upper and Lower Gorany." This oration was delivered Rhine and part of that of Moselle, with July 25th, 1870, and a couple of days Metz, Chateau Selms and Soissons, but

these terms

positively rejected. lay the Germans in large numbers had Disaster followed disaster and on invaded French territory, despite the January 28th, 1871, Paris capitulated. The French The terms of peace imposed by Bismarck French war cry, A Berlin. Army consisted of about 300,000 divided were the cession of parts of Leraine, into six corps. The first was under including Metz and Thionville, and Marshal MacMahon, the second General Alsace less Belfort; and the payment of

under Frossard, the third

Marshal £200,000.000. Baznine, the fourth under Goneral Ladmirauit, the 8fth under General De Failly and the sixth under General' Bourbaki. The commander-in-chief was the French Emperor (who lost his throne as it result of the wars, assisted by General Le Boeuf, who was succeeded by Marshal, Bazaine (who lost his commission and had To seek safety in tight owing to a belief amongst the French that they had beening vast sold by him to the German).

170,000 The, commander-in-chief was the Emperor William, his second in

udald bring the famous General Ven Moltke. By the beginning of August the north German army consisted of 550,000 line, with 1,200 guns and 53,000 rasulry: 187,000 reserves with 234 guns al 18,000 cavalry, and 205,000 landwehr

were

The French and Germans in this great War were considered by military experts to be equally brave and efficient, but the French generals are said to have acted greatly upon impulse. On the other hand, the Germans are said to have been invariably guided by a well-natured plan their tactics mainly consisting in bring to bear on the point where they wore anxious to prevail. From Saarbruck

Sedan to

Moltke appears to have left nothing to chance, and it is claimed that all his arrange-

masses

Against this comparatively sinall French army the Prussians put in action at the start a field force of about 640,000ments were ably carried out. The causes men divided into four corps, the northern of the early ruin of the French army, are under General Flackenstein, about

ascribed to the enormous superiority of 200,000 strong, defending the Elle, Hano-

the Germans in regard to numbers, the ever, and the proximity; the right under absolute unity of their command and Prince Frederic Charles about 180,000

Concert of operation. their superior string the centre under Generals Bitten- Bedd and Steinmetz, about 50,000; and the mechanism in equipment and supplies, left under the Crown Prince of Prussia, discipline of the soldiers, the superior the superior siadiness, intelligence and

education of the officers, and the dash and intelligence of the cavalry. The net result of this war hastily proclaimed by France because they could not extract a guarantee from Germany that the latter would not nominate Prince Leopold, or anybody else, as a candidate for the throne of Spain. was a loss to France of (militia) with 10,000 cavalry, making a valued territory. £305,400,000 in money, total of 944,000 men, 1,080 mobilised gas,000 m od 500 gas. The German and 109,000 horses; but with the

biss in killed and wounded was 127.867 Baverinas and others this total WAN brought up to well over a million 97 under armIS. Four weeks previously, ou apenes footing, the Cherman army totalled but 300,000. The French were quite unaware of their great inferiority in numbers and were sanguino of victory. They opened hostilities at Saarbruck with great bravery and valour and defeated the Prussians in the presence of the German Emperor and his son. Four days inter the tables were turned and the Tesperately tought battle-at-Werth resulted on August 5th in the defeat of inflicted" on "France; then she will

Will',

men.

The greal question to-day is whether Germany can repent this performance of crushing Frauce in a little over a month and then leisurely march on to Paris! As in 1870. her army is still greater than that of the French, but this time she is attacked on land by Russia and at sea by England. Her policy seems to be to leave it to the Austrians and her intensely strong frater fortifications to hold the Bassians in cheek till a crushing blow has

Hør very

tiara her attention to the forces of the by French under MacMahon, who was

Tsar. As to whether this plan will work compelled to retreat to Saverne to cover Naney. Then commenced a surprising ut satisfactorily or not we shall have to adopt-M-Asquith's-formula and wait series of German victories, which followed and see. To attain her end, Germany

rapid succession. On August 10th Lichtenburg capitulated to the Germans, will presumably stop at nothing and will communication with Strassburg was cut have no hesitation in trampling existing off and the Germans occupied Nancy.treaties under foot so far as Holland, Belgion Switzerland, Luxumberg or Then followed the decisive battles of the anybody else is concerned. It is a life

namely, Courcelles, gained by and death struggle to her. General Steinmetz and the 1st army on August 6th: Yoinville, gained by Prince existence as a first-class continental Power is at stake and she is not likely to be Friderick Charles. and Gravelotte, gained by the combined armies under the wayed by such trifles as inconvenient German Emperor. In these struggles the treaties. Her main thought is whether carnage was truly frightful. At Vion he will enserge from this ordeal a greater gation than she is to-day, or sink once. ville, by the anexpected namasking of a mitrailleuse battery, Henry Prince of again to the level she occupied in the political world in the days of the first Rents and many German nobles were

Napoleon. killed in a few moments, Another incident of this battle, one of the most sanguinary in the war, was a Balaclava

114,000

But there is iner point in connection with the war of 1870 that is worth remembering. In that conflict Germany

Today

The Kamagata Mare, which is convey ing the 352 deported East Indians who, headed by Mr. Gurdit Singh, endeavoured, ansuccessfully, to enter British Columbia, DEAR SIR-May I, through the mediums a result of which the ship and her freight before the notice of the Hongkong arrive in Kobe on the 20th inst. At Kobe also, the question, whether the steamer Volunteers and Hongkong Volunteer will bring her passengers to Hongkong, Reserves a schome for the donation of as previously decided, was to have been owner of the vessel, who is at Kobe, and a handsome sum from the Corps to the the subject of discussion between the above Fundi

Mr. Gurdit Singh.

I believe some 550 members are 10 receive pay at the rate of 19 per day, and it is felt by many that every man should give the amount sa due to bim towards the relief of the families of those of our men who will have, forfeited their lives and limbs in the Empire's cans.

Most of those now under arins in Hong kong are in receipt of salaries as in normal times and 1 am sure have no wish to look upon the 1/9 a day as an extra source of income, but would gladly hand it over, doubtless with such personal donation as may be within their means, in the hope of alleviating the suffering consequent upon the horrors of war.

It is, perhaps, impossible to say at the moment how long the Volunteer Corps will be under arms, but I should think it not unlikely that three or four months would not be overestimating the duration of the present mobilization, and should this prove correct, about £5,000 could be contributed from this source alone.

May I ask your readers to give the idea their consideration and support?-Yours faithfully,

When a man finds a wriman for whom he thinks there's nothing good enough be asks her to take him.

An old bachelor says that too, mgdy of the roses that blom en minine cheks are called from corner drug stores.

10PO

THE "NELEUS" OPIUM CASE.

Mr. G. W. King, Police Magistrate at Shanghai, has given a written judgment on the charge of unlawfully importing opium, which was the subject of proceed ings brought by the Chinese Maritime Customs against E. J. Barry and Hayes.

His Worship said:- The accused E. J. Barry, chief steward, and R. Hayes, lammptrimmer, both of the str. Velens, were tried summarily before me under the provisions of the Order in The charges import into Shanghai uncertified Persian were of importing or attempting to Council 1904, Article 49.

and/or boiléd ojium contrary to Articles. 70 (1) (3) of the Order in Council 1904. and further with conspiracy to bring into. China opium clandestinely and illegally with intent to import a prohibited article or to defraud the revenue of China cũn trary to common law,

When the vessel was having Vancouver poder escort two of the Japanese crew jumped overboard and commenced to swim for the shore in an endeavour to avoid another long confinement on the vessel.. The tide proved so strong that the sailor when picked up by the cutter of H.M.C.S. Burghon, were ninch exhausted.being

The vessel arrived at Yokohama on the 13th inst., and reports go to show that the run from Vancouver had been a

very

peaceful one, the men being quite resigned

to the inevitable.

SI NON E VERO."

AN TESTER STORY.

A contributor to the British Weekly narrates a real conversation from Ulster. As Ulster volunteer in full panoply last th met a friend in the street. The So you are going to fight?" friend observed:

"Yes.'

*

Who are you going to fight? Are you going to fight the Nationalists?"

No, we are not going to fight the Nationalists,"

Are you going to fight the police!" No, I do not think we are going to fight the police."

Are you going to fight the English soldiers?'

No, I do not think we shall fight the English soldiers.'^

Then, pray, who are you going to fight!"

The Lord will provide."

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AN UNLIMITED SUPPLY OF FINIS!

The charges and the evidence offered identical, the accused were tried together. The cases were argued by the connuel engaged both as to the law applic able to the charges and also on the facts- proved in evidence.

PUBLIC TRUSTEE'S BURDEN.

COMMITTEE TO 4881T HIM IN HIS

·INVESTMENTS.

The Lord Chancellor has constituted an

advisory committee to assist the Public Trustee in his choice of investments.

| The ̈ Committee will not relieve the Trustee of his responsibility in his choice, but will from time to time examine and The criticise the investments chosen members of the Committee are The Right Hon. Frederick Huth Jackson, P.C., a partner in Messrs. Frederick & Co. and a director of the Bank of England, ote Mr. R. Martin Holland, a director of Martin's Bank and the London and South Western Railway, etc.. Mr. R. M. Kindersley, a director of the. Bank of England and a partnerin

Messrs. Lazard Bros. & Ch. Mr. J. A. Mullens, jun., of Messrs. Mullens, Marshall & Co., and one of the trustees and managers of thi London Stock Exchange,

The constitution of the Committee follows upon the following passage in the Inst annual report of the Public Truster : The wide measure of acceptance which the Public Trustee Act has met with must manifestly import upon the Public Trusten a continually increasing respon sibility in respect of the funds which are where placed under his care.'

I will first deal with the argument on the law.

The Article 70 (1) (3) under which the first charge is brought reads as follows:--

Ef British subject imports or attempts to import into China any goods, the importation. of intu China is prohinited by law. The material point to be observed here is that the importation or attempt question then is, what law is referred to must be prohibited by law and the LONDONS £22.000 ON ALEXANDRA Prime Jacie Au any enactment, by the British authorities "law" would mean British law, and i can see no reason for reading it in any other seLBO Article in question..

DAY.

The Distribution Committee of the

Alexandra Day collections met at the in the Mansion House, the Lord Mayor presid

Counsel for the plaintiff argued, that ing Miss C Moy Bean, the secretary, law here tears law sanctioned by the reported that after the pay of all | Floper authorities, and if Chinese law expruses, including the waking of the that it must not be at varinne with roses--the principal item there would be treaties made by China with other about C22,000 to distribute, more.

To last year. FOL that sum Queen Powers. This argument. I cannot agree to, for if admitted it would derogate from Alexandra had indicated hospitals, dis the exterritorial rights which British sub pensaries and institutions among which jects enjoy in China by treaty. No law she desired £0.045 divide:l.

proceeded made by the Chinese authorities can bind mittee Pritish subjects unless such law has been remainder, nasinted to łky the British Goyoromeal Į and read- hinding on its subjects by treaty or otherwise. Where then is such

} law with regard to opium to be found!

ら

It must be looked for in Orders in Conn- cit, King's Regulations or Treaties There are to Orders in Council aur king' Regulations on the subject and therefore it is necessary to turn to the Treaties. There have been many treaties, etc., daf ing from an oily period, but I will only mention the Chefoo Convention, 1976, section 3 paragraph 3, and the adi tional article to that. Convention of July 18, ISS (Hertslet. China Treaties, Vul. I,'

pp. 75-54), a reference to which will show in regulations were made as to the method of dealing with opium, but not .prohibiting its importation into China It may be surmised that the above treaties unst leer Creaties between Great Britain und "China, vrber to Indian opium only. The former country would have had, bi interest in legislating for any other chai Indian opium, It is very material to lear this in mind. The raw opima rofry- red to in the charges was shown by The evidence to be Persian, and no evidence as to the country of origin of the preparol ipium was given to the Court

"The counsel for the plaintiffs, however, further reling on the agreement between Great Britain and China relating to apium, of May 8, 1911, in the annex to which appear these words:

ར

all treaty ports shall be closer

10 uncertifienie opium provided the Chinese Government have obtained the con sent of the other Treaty Powers." (Hertslar Commercial Trentios, Vol. 20, p. 15.)

To find a meaning to any of the words of an onnetmeut, the objects of such en actment inter fin) must be looked for. If this is done it will be seen at once that the agreement was made with respect to Indian opium only; farther, so far as I am aware, there has been no legislation" with respect to the retification of any but Indian opium. The Notification of August 9, 1911, issued by the Chines? Customs in Shanghai, prohibits the im purtation of non-Indian opium, but in no way refers to its certification. Finally it has not been shown to the Court that "the consent of the other Treaty Powers been obtained.

custody of the Chinese authorities. and rapidly

ki

has

It

INTIMATIONS

The com

DANDRUFF ON HEAD

HAIR FELL OUT

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น:Lig

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[06-19

CALDBECK,

(ESTABLISHED 1864.

decision on the SPARKLING

DEVONSHIRE

charge of a Gertian regiment of cavalry practically no navy to help her. In JAPAN'S FINANCIAL RESOURCES such that the necessary funds could be apa French battery, by which it was

found. According to a recent suutement decimated, but to which the German consequenes her ports were blockaded by

issued by the Bauk of Japan, the Covera- This battle the French fleet. But neither her luck viery was greatly die.

ment holds a gold reserve abroad of. 50 continued for twelve hours and thinned of naval strength nor the best efforts of the German ranks to the extent of 17,000 the French fleet had any practical effect Writing before it was definitely known million yea, in addition to the 300

what Japan's line of policy was going which is about 90 millions in excess of the plaintiffs have failed to make out a millions, hold by the Bank of Japan. the course of the war.

On the law I must hold, therefore, that in killed and wounded. The French loss N

Germy's ports are armed to the teeth the in regard to taking action to equally great. The battle, of trave

ease, and this being No, it is not necessary e also endured for twelve hours and with long range guns, and are defended | maintain the peace of the Far East, the the scurity necessary against the notes' resulted in a los of 25:030 Germans and by mines, salamarines, torpedo binds, and Kokoan expressed a very optimistic issued by the Bank. The war in Europe for me to give any judgment as to the French. ·After wmexampled so forth. Her battle feet would not view of the financial situation in Japan and the financial readjustment recently facts; but in view of the appeal allowed the war bad effected by the Government aliko tend to under Article 8 of the Order in Coun earnage the French were outflanked and perhaps be able to stand up long before While admitting that

the cabined British, French and Russing seriously disturbed trade in Europe and reduce the exodns of gold, and this willeil, 13, it is better that I should fell back on Metz, fighting to the last. Parn cate the investment of Metz in its navies; but if it eleets not to court disasther parts of the world, and that Japan relieve Japan from any anxiety about the dose. I cannot but think that owing was able to be called upon to defend outflow of gold for the next year or two, to various circumstances certain very ter in this way but to remain within the

material evidence, was not placed before subsequent surrender with three marshals.

shelter of the Hitl Forts. making British interests in the Far East, the Economic circles in Japan have, of course, suffered as a result of the war, but

the Court.. I refer to the evidence which MACGREGOR&C generals, 0,000 offers, 173,000 men.

Wo di nu think that there is any when pener in the Orient is assured by 5,000 pieces of artillery and 42 eagles becasional Paide as opportunity offers it | Aokumin said: -

man of this steamer and by the so-called According to Marshal Baznine. Metz, the is likely to prove a sonice of great trouble. great hope of the French, was conquered for, thanks chiefly to the sufvent of the us for concern regarding the Guancia: Japan, and the ability of Japan to main might have been given by the No. 1 fire passenger, who, I understand. is in the and economic condition of Japan in the tain that peace is demonstrated, trade by famine", but according to military submarine, the days are gone when, after vent of her being required to perform with Asia and especially with China. experts, the reason was the great ariny the fashion of Lord Nelson, attacking her obligations under the Anglo-Japanese that vast field for Japanese exporte-can

may be surmised that this evidenen it 11. contained. It might have been success. ships could entér a harbour and engage Alliance. If Japan is sooner or later to be safely carried oo

tendered might have placed the accused in Bazaine, the enemy. Dewey did it at Manila inte called upon to discharge such duties, extended. fully defended by 20,000 meu.

As for the export of raw silk, the a very serious position. This, however, who had distinguished himself in the the Spanish-Anwrican war, but only the present is the most opportune time. Crimes and Algiers, was tried and because the forts were obsolete and Financially the Government is in a posi-outlook in the United States is promising, is a there speculation and I am only I will not go contemned to death for surrendering submarines were only things one read tion which enables it to act with perfect and the present temporary check owing entitled to come to a Meiz. This sentence was commuted to about in Jules Verne's fascinating novels, confidence without the slightest fear of to the war will be followed by a period evidence tendered to me,

he The case is very different with naval

insecurity. The Government has an uf renewed activity, so that from what into details of the explanations given by twenty years' imprisoned, but. esespert from Isle St. Marguerite to harbours today, and the part to be played enormous amount of troney at its disposal over point of view the situation is the accused as to the reason for receiving Madrid, where he wrote a book defending by warships in this, the greatest war of As a result of the various political crises regarded, the Japanese people can feel the opium from the No. 1 fireman who In during the past year or two, the Govern- confident of the result, and therefore can left the ship at Hongkong. The impres his conduct, but his site of the story was any time, should prove instructive. denied circulation in France. He died the Russo-Japanese war the torpedo-boatment is in an enviable position, for since encourage the government to discharge its sion I got was that the conduct of the usefulness, but the fall of the second Saionji Cabinet no obligations under the Anglo-Japanese accused was not normal and this is shown in 1. But the fall of Metz an October had its first real test

to be accurate by each of them stating this IS ONE OF THE NEW DRINKS THAT new Budget has been passed. While Alliance, and so demonstrate Japan's 21 the uatural sequence its performans fell far short of expecta-

was the first time he had soobliged" the the great disaster resulting in the tions. Before the declaration of war two revenue has been increasing yearly national power and extend her prestige.

In view of the protestations of various expenditure has been decreasing, until capitulation of the French Emperor and unsuspected Russian warships lying out-

were damaged by the Government is now in the happy menbers of the Cabinet that the financial his army at Sedan on September 2nd. Onside Port Arthur

previous day the Germans had hop torpedoes, but after that nothing of great position of having about 140 million yen situation would not allow of certain Then hand.

No schemes for public works much-nended tax reforms being carried asly defeated the French defenders and use was done by torpedo craft. the contracted their circle else round Russians had reason to be pleased that have heen get planned, so the Government out, the hokumin appears to be rather

warrant Japan Chronicle. Sedan, so that their formidable artillery only two of their vessels outside their is in a position to use this money without more optimistic than the circumstances

the slightest anxiety.

If Jauan has to take extreme inea- hold all the heights from which they could stronghold were hit; and the Japanese at pleasure wholly destroy the town and were surprised that any Russian vessels stres as a party to the Anglo Japanese The Allianer in order to maintain the peace army only 2,000 of which were it for escaped their torpedo altack. service. Further resistance being useless, torpedo, when it strikes a ship's vitals. of the Orient, it is unlikely that the steps

The telegrams quoted below were the French Emperor wrote the following is always effective; the trouble is to direct taken will involve any great expenditure. letter to the King of Prussia: Mit unerringly to its intended target. In The sum of 140 millions which theceived from the Manila Observatory:--

August 30th, 10.10 alro.-Cyclone Treve-N'ayant pu mourir a la tele de the present war, the submarine is on its Government has now at its disposal will

typhoon, near or over the Southern part mes troupes. Je depose mon épée au pied'} trial, and great things are expected of be quite suficient to prevent the Govern- de votre majeste-Napoleon."

it. In the fact that it is invisible it has ment being worried by any financial of Formosa Channel, moving N.

Of course, should a third August 30th. 6.04 p.m.-Cycloue The awful struggle at

Sedan was advantages over the torpedo-boat, which anxieties carried on-mainly by artillery in which must necessarily seck safety in flight when Power misunderstand Japan's intentions yphoon, E. of Luzon, more than u

and intervene, and so make the situation miles distant, direction unknown. the Germans had the advantage in weight, once discovered, and it can well be

August 31st, 4.45 pm-Typhoon near more grave, some additional expenditure mage and precision. The carnage was imagined that a submarine amongst a

Channel moving W.N.W. or N. W. dreadful, and the field the next day was fleet of warships is capable of causing would be weary, bet such a turn of or over the Southern part of Formosa

events is almost impossible Mais MIRIS JEET TONA, 100 a mass of shattered bones, torn desh and great havoc.

Yet, even should, such an emergency" Typhoon off Northern Luzon, more than coloured rags! Some 25,000 French Rangoon Gazelle.

arise, the financial positives of Japan is 200 miles distant, direction unknow

was

TYPHOON WARNINGS.

or

CIDER

is their conduct on arrival at Shanghai No. 1.fireman, In their favour, however, ONE CAN BE CERTAIN OF FINDING, in voluntarily informing the Customs authorities of the opium being in their possession.

REFRESHING AND WHOLE-

It was argued on behalf of the plaintiffs | SOME DURING THE HOT WEATHER that they acted so because feeling the PROVIDED THE QUALITY IS

they considered the punishment would be mitigated by their GOOD. conduct. This, however, I do not consider conclusive of their guilt.

"as

BENTALL & LLOYD'S CIDER IS FAMOUS AS ONE

OF THE BEST BOTTLED CIDERS.

To sum up, it seems to me that though: MESSES. the conduct of the accused may bave been suspicious it was not of such a character that I can say their guilt is proved. which the law requires. The charge under Suspicion is a long way off the certainty, i Article 70 (1) (3) 1 find not proved. The falls by the same evidenec and therefore other charge, i... of conspiracy, stands of is also not proved.

Charges dismissed.

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「沖