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IN CAPSULES, IN WINE, AND IN SYBĘP
[69
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SHIRE LINE, LIMITED.
THE GERMAN ARMY.
THE HONGKUNG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, AUGUST 201, 19144)
IS IT A BUBBLE WAITING TO BE PRICKED 1
A STRIKING ARTICLE.
The German Army has certainly enjoyed the reputation of being superior to any other Army on the Continent, but the following article by En Avant" in the London Magazine, giving reasons for unbelief in the invincibility of the German Military Maching, will be read with special interest in the light of the war reports to date:-
Thore can be no doubt that in military and diplomatic Inattors judicious advertisement pays just as well as it does in all trades or professions,
The great essential of success is to establish a reputa tion, and subsequently to maintain it by careful advertisement. For half a century Turkey existed upon the reputation hor army had won at Plevna; for a similar period the German Army has been living on the reputation achieved in 1867 and 1870, against the Austrians and the French. Since the Franco-Germad-War no State has dared to call in question the invincibility of the Cernian Army. A plethora of statistics and a few well- selected complimentary criticisms have sufficed to make Europe believe, ever since, that the Cernan Army is the finest, greatest, and most splendid fighting machine in the world. Perhaps it is that familiarity is apt to breed contempt, but I for one am no believer in the invincibility of the German Army. I shall endeavour to make my reasons plain to the civilian reader.
I admit that on paper the German Army is not only the greatest but the most perfectly organised army in the world, but battles are not won by flourishing shayes of statistics in the enemy's face, nor is there any sound criterion by which the worth of an army for war ein be judged in time of peace. There are a hundred and one qualities which are supposed theoretically to inake for efficiency in an army, such as numbers, matériel, die cipline, leading, physique, training, organisation, and so forth, but the great deciding factor and those who have a much modern battlefield experience as myself will doubtless agree with mo-is the capacity of the individual soldier to ondure hardship, and his individual determination to win through.
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BALKAN WAR EXAMPLES.
I
[649
Now, it is
would hate the idea of suddenly being Let me cito a double example, from the sent back to school, and treated like a last Balkan War. The Bulgarian soldier boy again by a set of particularly an- is inodelled and trained on Prussian lines, sympathetic schoolmasters. and is far and away the best-disciplined, these men-these reservists-who will soldier in the Balkans. When he met the form the major portion of the German Turkish armies in October, 1912, the Turk army when it is mobilised for war. Is it was not ready, and had not completed his likely that they will prove enthusiastic mobilisation. The Bulgarian machine soldiers? If one may judge by the way worked splendidly, because the Turk never
these men hate being called up to take had a chance to put a spoke into the
part in army maneuvres, then one knows Bulgarian wheel, The Bulgar. had it all
how to answer the question. Once the his own way, just as the Prussians had it Socialism which is rampant in civil life all their own way in the Franco-German in Germany finds itself incorporated in War. After Bix weeks the Turkish 1 the army, I doubt if even the iron machine also got into working order at discipline of the mailed fist will rouse it Now, the German system of life and of Chataldia, and the Bulgars never scored to any enthusiasm to go and get killed military training is not designed to another success until the Servians helped at the bidding of a quasi-aristocratic encourage individual effort, but rather to them to capture Adrianople The Greek, clique of unsympathetic officers. Nearly stultify it, and to reduce the individual is infinitely the worst disciplined soldier three years ago now it will be remembered man or unit to the state of a disciplined in Europe (save, perhaps, the Spaniards that a crisis arose between this country nulomaton. In most professions and and the Portuguese), and by all the rules and Germany over the Agadir incident. trades such a training is excellent, for by of war the Bulgarian ought to have beaten Twice during the crisis the German Stock dint of much practice each individual and him off the field within a week, but as a Market and financial houses were on the unit becomes part perfect each learns matter of fact the Greeks drove the verge of a stupendous collapse. Those to fit into his appointed place, just as do Bulgarians out of Macedonia in thirty w have studied the question closely the component parts of nicely adjusted days, simply and solely because each believe that, in pieces of mechanism. The business of an individual Greck soldier was prepared to Germany has more to fear from financial army, however, differs from any other, for endure undreamt of hardships, and difficulties than from the enemy. Victory it cannot be practised in peace-time.because his wonderful national pride on the battlefield is possible, but bank What men do at manœuvres is no criterion made him ntirely ignore danger. reptey at home is said to be inevitable. whatever of what they will do in war. Patriotism and hardiness won through, The evil of the situation lies in the com- An army can never really practise, war where discipline failed completely; and plicated system of credit which German until it is in the presence of the enemy: there is no wreck so hopeless as that of an The army that has not been proven in war ariny which has been kept together only rivals from the various markets she has trade has adopted in order to oust her is like the piece of machinery that has by bonds of discipline, once those bonds coveted. never been set in motion. Now, the more have been loosed.
Go anywhere in the Near ́or nicely adjusted the machine, the more
Far East, and you will find German com- But to return to our German legions.mercial houses offering six months' credit fatal will be the catastrophe when any Seven times in the past ten years I have to people any English money-lenders' tout thing unforeseen occurs-take the Titanic been present at their grand manoeuvres. would not trust for a day. as an example-and it is common know I have been much impressed with the vast ledge that it is always the unexpected that does occur in war-time. Wherefore, amassing of troops, and all the pomp and army should be as elastic as possible in circumstance of mimic warfare, but I ils organisation and training. This is never have seen elsewhere manoeuvres precisely what the German Army is not carried out with so little regard to the
The German Army is obedient to a rule possibilities of modern fighting.
To the German tactician, the maneuvres, the German soldier or officer science of warfare is cut and dried. is taught to do things which he could not Officers and men alike know what they possibly perform if the enemy were using Gught to do under a hundred different ball cartridge. Whole brigades of cavalry
of thumb.
At
the event of
„PROGNOSTICATIONS.
war,
If Germany suddenly finds herself at war with some Great Power, the first act of each citizen will be to withdraw all
available cash from the bank in order to
leave his family something to live upon while he is away fighting-the German soldier is only paid eld. per week. The banks will have to call in their loans from
VICTROLA
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PRICES FROM $35.
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[01-1
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Summer Excursions
ΤΟ
JAPAN
BY THE STEAMERS. OF
CANADIAN PACIFIC S.S. LINE. PACIFIC MAIL S.S. CO. TOYO KISEN KAISHA.
conditions; they learn it all by heart, and sweep down upon unbroken infantry in the traders, and these will be unable to GOING AND RETURNING WITHIN PERIOD 17 JUNE-315 OCT.
when those conditions arise they act
would
25th August. Carnarvonshire, from Vancouver, is due ditions of warfare.
in Hongkong 20th August.
25
MORE THAN DISCIPLINE. REQUIRED
LOST OPPORTUNITIEA.
of peace
RATES FROM HONGKONG:
NAGASAKI $120.00. KOBE $135.00. TOKOHAMA $150.00.
Tickets are interchangeable for return by any steamer of above-named Companies and include Rail between Japan Ports of call if desired.
Passengers may go and/or ratura rA MANILA without additional charge by steamers calling at that Port so indicated in schedule of sailings shown below.
The Steamers operated by the Companies zamed are the largest fastest and most luxurious on the Coast.
FROM JAPAN.
YOGOBAMA LEAVE
Ko
SAGABARI Hoxanose
LEAVI
LEANK
ABRION.
Avg. 18 Ang.
Sept. 4
Sept
4
អើយ។
Booxyg
TO JAPAN.
STEAMER
| Hexavors
Nadasakt
Кова
LBAVE
AXNER
ASRIV
YOKOHAMA ARKITE
Aux.
22 Aug
E OF BUBA
MONTEAGLE.........
*F
TA
sept.
MONGOLIA ....
16
Seri
9. Sepw
Sept. 25
Sept
Sept.
E. OF INDIA.
+ SEINTO MANU
KOREA
18 22
-1
Oct.
Oat, 18
Returning via Manila,
អគ្គីដ
Steamers proceeding ris Manils do not call at Shanghai.
1 Voing via Manda
[630
most gallant fashion, and the umpires realise their assets. The trader who has. correctly, because they know their work magnificent, but it is not war."
encourage the sport. It is, perhaps, got. £100 worth of goods out on sixth This is months' credit in China or Turkey would by heart. But supposing, as will invari only one example out of a hundred deeds be glad to get £10 down in cash. The ably happen, other conditions arise, of folly that I have seen done. The poor traders will thus inevitably go bankrupt, conditions the antidote to which has not fellows are accustomed to these Münchan and the banks, unable to get in their been studied, what will happen? Untaught to think or act for themselves, they will sen tactics, they are accustomed to be toid money, will be obliged to stop payment. ransuck their memories for the correct by the umpires that they have succeeded, Thus the depositors will be left penniless reply. Under modern conditions of war and naturally they are well pleased. But just at the moment when they are called fare, the best soldier is he who knows how what I ask with emphasis will be the upon to leave their homes to go out to to "muddle through," and how to carry mental attitude of the poor fellows when fight for their Fatherland. It would be on" when in a tight place, without wait they try these child's tricks in real battle in keeping with human nature if they pre-
The first result ferred to stay at home and fight for their JOINT SCHEDULE OF SAILINGS TO AND FROM JAPAN PORTS. ing for instructions. The whole training against a real enemy? The P. & O. str. Nubia left Bingapore of the German soldier is designed to will be a heavy death-roll, and then a dead money back!
If, however, we judge the German Army for this port on the 15th August, and is eradicate individualism, and to reduce atop of the machinery, whilst the officers
and reconsider the situation. But what will by the accepted standard battalions, regiments,
I know what I manœuvres, blinding ourselves for the dne here on the 21st August, about day-soldiers, light.
brigades to a state of iron-bound the men be thinking?
I time being to the considerations which I The str. Tanda, from Calcutta, left automatism. If the enemy's action could should think if I were one of them. Singapore, and may be expected here on be equally reduced, then such training should blame my officers for having taught have set out above, and enter for a moment or about the 21st August.
be perfect, but, things me to play the game all wrong. Now, into a technical criticism of the various arms of the Service, it will be found that are, I maintain that it is fatal, for it once a soldier starts thinking that, he is
even the goods in the shop-window of this entirely destroys the personal factor and not going to have much further use for
The bolts that hold the bubble emporium are discipline.
not hall-marked is therefore expected to arrive here on individual in any army which will carry the machine will rattle and refuse to work, which we have always been led to believe. it is only the personal factor of each military machine together will be loosened, with that brand of super-excellence in that army to victory under modern con-
The German cavalry always reminds me Time and time again I have seen of the leaden soldiers with which I ased on the to play in childhood. They look simply Discipline alone is only good an long splendid opportunities occur
German manoeuvres for a subordinate splendid, and they are to be seen at their as there is an ever-present authority to
best when delivering an impossible charge,
As regards artillery, it is very enforce it; on the modern battlefield it is officer to achieve a startling success
100 his
initiative, but the German is neither a borseman for difficult own
ξύ speak, for I am impossible for an officer adequately to by acting.
but that would be against regulations, a horsemaster; as a scout he is beneath vinced that, so far as superviso
to his men, and enforec
the opportunity invariably contempt. Whether the charges to which concerned, everything depends upon
is discipline. He can and should teach them sa
Again, I have seen he is accustomed will be possible on the the capacity of quickly picking up in peace-time how best to handle their allowed to pass. Previous On Date; On Date | trade, but once in presence of the enemy brigadier was waiting for orders from the modern rifle-fire remains to be seen, but is impossible to judge these two, vital Germany, one wears one's passport on
weapons, and all the other tricks of the a whole briga de captured, just because the great plains of Central Europe against target and hitting it. At maneuvres, it ports to courtesy and consideration; ke cannot enforce his teachings; all he can general to withdraw, The order did not there is one thing of, which we may be points, and unch shooting statistics as do one's back in the guise of a uniform; and I do is to lead his men and to encourage them, come in time; for the messenger had certain: thos, charges will never be seen from time to time leak out are meant for according to the number of stars upon He is in exactly the same position as the missed his road. The general admitted to on English soil, for, with the exception of foreign consumption, and are unreliable. one's shoulder-straps, or the gold braid father who has launched his son upon the me at the time that there was no object a fifty-mile-square area about Salisbury, The German engineer is too theoretical. upon one's cuff, so is one's value apprised; He must rely upon the to be served in thus risking capture, but and certain patches of the South Downs, Given the necessary material and unlimit- A shade of seniority in rank or service past training of his son, certainly, but that he could not retire, because he had there is no terrain in the country where ed time, he would construct the most entitles the holder to the servile obedience above all upon his individuality, courage, not received an order to do so from his cavalry could find galloping space unless model, works imaginable, but in warfare of all juniors, and woe bebice the gabua
the men were mounted on steeplechasers, what is wanted is a man who will contrive ten who does not treat his captain as a and devotion. The German officer relies superior!
the essential out of the most unpromising demi-god. The officers do not live in mess, There is, however, a more insidious foe only upon discipline, and he runs that work inside the Gerinan army than even
The German infantryman has two great material, and in the shortest possible and there is none of that camaraderie and risk of being badly let down at the crucial red tape worm-it, is the ever-increas faults: he is too fat, and tries to carry pace of time. I have seen their enginners good fellowship of intimacy which turn a moment. Courage, determination, 'amour propre," and individual enterprise are ing propaganda of Socialism. Search too much weight on his back, with the bridging the Ehine with pontoons; they British regiment into
did it beautifully and by numbers
a happy family. all stronger than the fear of death, but among the lower and middle classes, and result that he can neither-march far northas pontoon might have been used for Germany officers and men alike are always on their parade behaviour. I it has yet to be proven that the modern you will not find many men who have fast, There is also the additional dis demonstration purposes. Unfortunately, have likened the German Army to a ma- educated man will risk death, rather than served their time in the army who are not advantage that, like our own men, be however, a pleasure steamer barged into Socialists. The galling discipline to requires a plentiful supply of food to keep contravene discipline. Wherefore, I
to get it together again. I have seen the friction against each other.
are in an everlasting state of un-biled maintain that in our present state of which he has had to submit during his him going at all. When in close forma it, and then it took them eighteen hours chine, but it is one in which all the parts two years in the ranks has embittered the tions the work of the infantry is distinctly Greek engineers throw a crazy bridge civilisation the German organisation and training is fundament soldier's mind against authority; the good, and their drill is splendid, but once across the Struma under heavy artillery In spite of all the alarmists say, there song 1 do not believe that force knowledge that he can be called up at the men get into anything approaching fire in thirty minutes; there was not a is much hope in the idea, that German MONTSERRAT all wrong hot believe that for any moment to rejoin the colour, and open order all initiative cesses. The correct lashing in the whole structure, military power is a highly inflated induce men to face the dangers and hard-again submit to the churlish discipline German infantryman lacks the dash of and you could not go across it without bubble, of brilliant hues, but susceptible that is the ruling spirit, is an ever-present the French, the doggedness of the Russian, getting wet, but-it, served its purpose, of being pricked and burst. The only ships which have to be faced to carry on obsession. He hates the idea even more the fatalism of the Turk, or the practical and wet feet do not matter much in war question is--who is to burst it, and
than the average middle-aged Englishman adaptability of hia British rival.
time!
when ?
HONGKONG METEOROLOGICAL
REGISTER.
J
Hongkong Observatory, August 18th.
st
·Day
st
at 2 p.m. 6 s.m.
2 p.m
Barometer
29.76
29.71
99,70
Temperature Humidity Wind Direction
81
7
80
84
29
95
Enst
ENE
NE
Force
3
3
op
0.07
Prather
BAD...
0
Highest open air Temperature on 18th-84 Lowest open air Temperature on 18th-77
Ob I say! "MONTSERRAT" Lime Juice is the only drink that matters during the hot weather. Order a bottle To-day from your Storekeeper-say
Firmly.
[381-1
battle of life.
a successful war.
system
of
THE GERMAN SOLDIER.
this arm
We often hear much talk of militarism, con- but people in this country have no con- is ception of what the term means one must
1
go to Germany to understand. In Eng-
land wealth and position are the puss
in
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