1912-09-04 — Page 5

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Cosby Farmer &&

NAPIER JOHNSTONES'

*SQUARE BOTTLE'

WHISKY.

UNVARIED FOR OVER

150 YEARS,

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 4r6, 1912.

PRODUCTS OF THE EMPIRE

RUBBER.

BY KOWARD SALMON IN UNITED EMPIRE."'} When in June last it was announced on high authority, that synthetic rubber had, after many failures, been brought within the radius of commercial pos- sibilities, it is not too much to say that the proclamation quickened the pulse of planters throughout the tropical zone of the Empire. Tropical agriculture has been and is full of romance, sometimes of triumph, sometimes of tragedy, for the Briton: synthetic rubber which should successfully challenge the supre- macy of the natural product would be disaster in the very hour of proud achievement a disaster for which it would perhaps be impossible to find a parallel. Rubber growing in the last

THE SAME TO-DAY AS IN tropical British industry of vast poten-

1745.

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IMITATIONS.

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dozen or afteen years has become a tiality; in it are invested many millions of British capital; to it thousands of men have turned for the business of their lives; its collapse would spell trouble to thousande more whose interest is less im mediate but none the less real. By the time these lines appear in print the planter, the investor, the machinery manufacturer, all whom it may concern, will have been well assured that for n good many years to come synthetic rub-

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ber is no menace, and long before the LINENS. chemist is ready with his economic sub- stitute, rubber production from tho plantations will be able to meet all com-. petition, synthetic or other.

to sow.

As

PLAIN COLOURS

INEXPENSIVE

WITH

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From

01-

hand

venues.

1636

In

Of the multifarious ways in which rub ber enters into the economy of the British Empire, I think, apart from the extreme ly interesting story of what has been done in Malaya and Ceylon, none attracts me more than the record of personally

in

Nigeria. British administration Southern Nigeria has achieved wondere, and its method could not botter be illu strated than by a roference to the com- muaai rubber plantations initiated by thee Forestry Department. Not only have steps heen taken to conserve the riches of the forests from the ruthless band of the

Comparatively few people realise what a British industry rubber growing bas become. The truth is that plantation rubber, but for which rubber" might be worth 158. or more per pound to-day, is primarily British. It owed its incep. tion to British foresight and enterprise, and though the Americans in Sumatra, the Dutch in Java, the French in Cochin- China, the Germans in East Africa, the Brazilians in their own Amazon Valley. it understood that a Dyak was sont to from the reports of Mr. R. Fyffe, the the Belgians in the Congo all have become rubber growers, as distinct from the top of one of the oldest Pars tree to assistant director of the Botanic Gardens rabber gatherers and rubber merchants, scertain were rubber,

I that there was none, 100 of the the coastot places like Kibwezi, Kifulu, they are merely electing to reap in a feld in which the Briton was the Brst finest trees in the peninsula were cut Witu, and alsowhere Ceara promises What to most of us appears to down, Happily, men like Mr. Ridley and best. Mr. Fyfle's experiments in tapping Mr. R. Derry were on the spot who took Coura certainly afford encouragement; he have come along, according sa we may longer views and had larger knowledge says that the yields compare favourably have profited by it or lost, like a good Samples of Malay rubber were sent to with those obtained from Herea in Caylon fairy or thief in night, is á quite remarkable instause of official London in 1891, and declared to be of and Malaya. Of coures the baganda boys anticipation. The Government of good quality. In 1899, according to Mr.have not had the experience in tapping India seems to have had its eyes very Ridley's interesting brochure on the sub that has come to the Tamils, the Chinese, wide open as long ago as the early icct, the first sheet of cultivated Para and the natives of Malaya in the last

rubber

wns sold in the markets of dozen years. "Among the rich plantation 'seventies to the future importance of rubber. Yet there were no motor care Europe. To-day it is estimated that the products for the growth of which our rubbor plantation enterprise, which land is adapted, rubber is likely to take in those days to quicken intelligence. Somewhere about 1872 the Government sprang from the introduction of Para en important position," says the Director of India bad its attention drawn to the seeds to the Mid East, covors & million of Agriculture in British East Africa. acres. In Ceylon alone the acres under To much the same purport spoke Bir E. Firus elastica of Assam. An officer was appointed to report as to the numbers rubber, or rubber and tos or some other M. Hodgson in 1007 of British Guiana and the condition of the trees and the crops, cannot fall far short of a quarter here, as in Africa, the present and the possibility of preserving them from the of a million, and the output of cultivated future have suffered some prejudice from Fathless hand of the

rubber from Malaya and Ceylon this year prospectus promises which have not been prospector.

Rubber the result the Commissioner for Assam may be 20,000 tone. In four or five years and could not be borne out. was ordered to start an experimental time the Mid East will probably be re- planting is indend regarded now as some- station, and the Forest Department took sponsible for some 80,000 or 70.000 tons per what of a speculation in British Guiana, special steps to protect the Ficus in its annum, and it is only necessary to say and at least one big company is holding

that Brazil, the home of Pars rubber, has its

(and its capital) till it nativé stato. That these measures were no mere episode, but part of a well-de- never produced annually more than 40 000 knows more what rubber will do. fined policy, is clear from the fact that tons to understand what the Mid East Trinidad and Tobago and throughout the West Indies, some thousands of acres in 1876 Sir Clements Markham, then at output means.

If Malaya and Ceylon stood alone in have been taken up for rubber, but whilst the India Office, took the momentous stop which was to revolutionise British tropi- this development, the story would be it will be a good many years before their As matter of fact, output can materially affect supplies, cal agriculture. Sir Joseph Hooker as striking enough. Kew was known to be anxious to secure they are merely the big brothers of the profits from rubber growing will soon seeds of the Para tree, Hevea Brasiliensis, tropical family under the British flag make a material difference to local re- from the Amazon forest. Sir Clements which has gone in for rubber. Markham secured the services of Mr. H. Papus and North Queensland to British A. Wickham, who was commissioned to Guiana and Tobago, the world is undertake the hazardous duty of collect circled by a rubber band of British make. ug and bringing away coeds from the When in the last years of the old and native habitat of the best cubber-yielding the first years of the present contury the tree in the world. Brazil knew the trea- motor-car began to make demands on! sure Nature had planted in her midst, rubber, and the profitable character of and Mr. Wickham performed his delicats the industry was coming to be generally task only by a combination of courage recognised, every Director of Agriculture And good fortune. The story of how Mr. and of Botanic Gardens in the Empire Wickham, who happily is still a familiar asked himself whether there was not a figure at the Royal Colonial Institute, now source of wealth for his particular carried out the commission of the Indian colony to be found in the rubber tree Government was told concisely last year, Wild rubber from the Ficus clastica in when he was presented with a handsome Asia, from the Funtumia in Africa, from! native rubbor gatherers, but testimonial by grateful planters at the the Sapium in Guians, from innumerable plantations have been established for the Rubber Exhibition. Mr. Norman Grieve, vines-particularly the Landolphins in Denent of the natives. Apparently the in- on behalf of the Rubber Growers Asso-Africa--had for long supplemented the digenous Funtumis ciastica is mainly ciation, mentioned how Wickham seized supplies from South America but wild being cultivated, and from the tree a the opportunity of chartering the rubber involves costs and difficulties of considerable quantity of rubber is being

a trading stoamer Amazonas,

whose labour and transport which it was seen obtained. Mr. E. D. Morel, in his recent supercargoes had, fortunately for the would be reduced to a minimum under hook on Nigeria, explained that the rubber industry, bolted with the loot and plantation conditions. Moreover, Forestry Department of the south, though only ten years old, has planted or induced left an angry captain and empty ship; Brazil were not eventually to enjoy some- how, he collected Heren Beers in the thing like a monopoly, preparations must the natives to plant trees valued at dense Brazilian forest and had them con- be made for active competition. So the £287,626, and no fewer than 700 villages veyed by natives to the steamer; how he whole Empire for a period was engaged bave started communal plantations. So succeeded in running the gauntlet at the in a monster experiment with various greatly, were the efforts of the department port of departure for England; how the kinds of rubber trees in various soils. appreciated that Benin, recently the city Kew authorities received those priceless The excellent rubbers obtained from the of blood and lawlessness, co-operated but perishable seeds during the night, Funtumia of Africa, from the Manihots loyally to spare the lives of the forest And had them planted out, and how the of Ceara, induced planters to give the trees, and

when,

anys Mr. More), "a youthful ancestors of a mighty forest different varieties a chance in alien lands little while ago they started tapping were sent in Wardian cases to Ceylon." whare conditions seemed favourable. operations in their rubber plantatione It is

is indeed, as Mr. Grieve said, "a Mistakes were made, disappointments under the supervision of the Forest Off- romance which, without embellishment or had to be faced. Trees which grew well cer, the chiefs and villagers insisted that embroidery. would furnish fitting and yielded fine caoutchouc could not be a third share should go to the Govern material for the pen of a Kipling or a tapped without injury; others yielded ment, and, despite the Governor's objects Jules Verne," All told, Mr. Wickham resin rather than caoutchouc, and some secured some 70,000 seeds, and from these yielded nothing at all. Botanical relations, they would consent to no other ar nearly three thousand plants were raised tions betrayed the too trusting financier angement." It is the law of the land that communal rubber profits to-day go and planter. It were too long a narrative one-third to the paramount chief, "one- Captain Frerichs, having arrived, Cousignees The Botanic Gardens at Peradeniya to go in detail into the records of disap-third to the village community, and one- of Cargo are hereby informed that their were selected as the most suitable spot pointment and sometimes disaster which third to the Administration.

This co Goods are being landed and placed at their risk

from which the Para tree might be pro

have overtaken planters and their backers partnership arrangement, entered into by in the hazarions and/or extra-hazardans Gopagated for the general boneft of the in West Africa and East Africa, in Bri- the special wish of the natives, is a novel downs of the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf

tropical Colonies. A small consignment tish Guiana, and even in Ceylon. Prac tribute to the manner in which the white And Godown Company, Limited,

whence intended for Malaya was destroyed, but tically it has come to this: that there are man bears his burden. Rubber, associat delivery be obtained against Bille-of

may

in 1877 some twenty-two baby trees reach two species of rubber tree the Manihot ed elsewhere in Africa and in South. Lading countersigned by the Bndersigned.

ed Mr. Murton, the curator of the Glarious and the Hevea Brasiliensis America with horrors, has in the British Optional Cargo will be carried on unise

Botanic Gardens recently started at to which the tropical or subtropical Empire been among the instruments of notice to the contrary he given TO-DAY.

Singapore. The tree flourished in Cey-State of the Empire may look for ar civilisation and humanity: all the profits For the most part, have not gone into the pockets of the Bri- lon and wherever it was planted in the fitable cultivation. Malay Peninsula. When four or five Hevea has proved the tree for Caylor, tish planter or the financial groups who years later it fruited and seed was dis Malava, Borneo; it is hoped that it will have exploited the industry. tributed broad-cast, the industry might do well in West Africa, and so save what be said to have been fairly launched. To remains of the good name of West Africa grow the Para tree in the Mid East was after the revelations which followed the Dr. 1009-10 boom; in British Guiana and the one thing, to tap it was another. Trimen, in Ceylon in 1884, experimented; West Indies, where again certain unfor- Mr Henry N. Ridley in Singapore made tunate flotations have left an unpleasant it almost his first business as director of impression, it is believed that Heven will the Botanic Gardens to try his hand at thrive as in Brazil or the Mid East; in the production of rubber. If the collec- Burma high hopes are entertained of its tion and distribution of the original adaptability; in certain parts of Bouth- Beeds reflected credit on Government offi-ern Indio, as in parts of Ceylon, the core, it is to be feared that, in Malaya Ceara seems more likely to give good re- at least, the industry was in some danger sults; in British East Africa-following from official disbelief în its future. Mr. in this instance the German lead-Geara Ridley himself has told us how he was is surely proving itself the tree. Heven reprimanded for wasting time on the is being tried, notably in the Mabira eultivation of the tree, and so little was Forest, and in Uganda generally, but

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All Claims must be presented within ten days of the steamer's arrival bere, after which date they cannot be recognised

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This Steamer brings on Cargo:

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HAMBURG-AMERIKA LINIE, Hongkong Office. Hongkong, 28th August, 1912

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