1911-03-01 — Page 6

Daily Press 孖剌西報 All

OSAKA SHOSEN KAISHA. Hongkong, 27th Folranry, 1911.

[375

ADVERTISEMENT

NOW READY.

THE

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18T, 1911.

NOTICES TO CONSIGNEES

OSAKA SHOSEN KAISHA.

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES,

The Co.'s 8.8. "PANAHA MARU,” FROM TACOMA, VICTORIA, JAPAN AND

SHANGHAI

THE above-mentioned Steamer koving

Tarrived, Consigners of Cargo are hereby

notified to send in their Bills of Lading for countersignature, and take immediate delivery of Cargo from alongside,

Cargo impeding the discharge of the vessel

DIRECTORY will be landed at once at Congnees' risk and

AND

CHRONICLE 1911.

expense.

Cargo remaining on board after WEDNESDAY, the 1st Marc1, at Noor, will be lauded and

stored at Cenaigneus' risk and orPORES.

All broken, chafed and damaged goods are to be left in the godowns, where they will be examined on THURSDAY, the 2nd March,

No Fire Insurance will be effected by us. In any case whatever.

15/ paid

fy.

2/ fy,

STRAITS SETTLEMENTS STOCKS AND SHARES.

Narborough Est North Hummock"

SINGAPORE, February 10,

Singapore Fraser

& Co.'s Prices,

Jan. 18

Dividends

RUBBER COMPANIES.

Singapore

or valus each · hire £1. Calls paid up are

Frager

Par valua cach)

Malayan Companies

& Co's

Dividends share £1. Calls

Malayan Companies.

Fries,

paid up are:---

Jan. 18

Alor-Pongsu....

paid

Anglo-Johore

21

Malacca Ordinary ... Merlimau

8.4.0

5/6

Anglo-Malay

1.0.6

50%

Morton Syndicate

17/0

Bakap...

Mount Austini

Bantong

Batu Caves..

17.10.0 105%

10j.

25%

699

Batu Kawan.

ཉ།

Balu Tiga

4.0.0

10%

10 2

Padang Jawa Pandan Johore Patating

2.14.0

200%

Beranang Selangor

Peldpah (Jobore)

Bernam Perak

200

Perak

7/3

12!%%

Do. Ordinary

Peneiro Est...

"Bidor

Pryo

10%

12/6

17/6

Natauut

2/f 2/

Blanda Selangor

12,6

Rembia

2.0.0

Bukit Clou

Rim

Bakit-Kajang

2,5.4

64%

fy.

R. Eat, of Krisn

R. of Jobore..

2/ fv.

Options

Bukit Mertajam

3/4

Sogga

10.10.0 50%

'10

Seafield

6.15.0

FOR

China, Japan,

Corea, Indo-

China Siam, Straits Settle-

ments, Malay States,

Netherlands India, Philippines, Borneo, etc.

FROM EUROPE.

THE H.A.L. Steamship

THE

"PREUSSEN,"

Captain Bahle, having arrived, Consignees of Carge are hereby informed that their goods are being landed and placed at their risk in the hazardous audjer extra-hazardows. Godowns of the Hongkong & Kowloon Wharf & Godown Co., Ltd., whenco delivery may be obtained against Bills-of-Lading countersigned by the Undersigned.

No Claims will be admitted after the Goods have loft the Godowns, and all Goods remaining undelivered after the Zuid March will bo-subject. to runt.

fy, paid

Bukit Rajah...

18.10.0

50%

10 2/1

Selangor

13% 2.10.0 225%

536

Bukit Selangorá

Selotor Rubber.

Castlofield

6.2.6

7%

10)

Sempah

Chankat Salak R. and Tin.

Sendayan

-

Seremban

1.10.0pm 4.19.6 15%

AKA

'10

Chersonese

3,8

Sangoon

Cheviot

Shelford

3.16.0

10%

Chota Rubber

21, 1/

Siginting (N.S)

Cicoly Ordinary

2.3.0

100%

30

fy.

Singapore Dura

2.10.6

12 %

Preferred

2.3.0

1024%

'10 2/ fy

Straits (Bertain)

7/3

17+%

བྷ ཝཱ ·ཝཊྚ

10

10

3"

2

Cousol, Malay

1.1.0

50

15/6

Sunchmore B

Damansara

7.12,6

50%

10

17/6

Sungul Bahru

Dennistown

ty.

Sungei Choh

4.20

Optional Cargo will be carried on unless notice to the contrary be given To DAY.

2

Eabh. Selangor

13/0

30%

'10. 2 fy.

Sungai Kapar

13/4

25%

10

Fed. Selangor

60%

10

10/

Sungei Kruit

All Claims must be presented within ten days of the steamer's arrival-here, after which date they cannot be recognized.

10

Gon Koo & Est

12/6

Sungai Liang

15

Garing (Malacca)

Sungei Salak

4.0.0

Golcondis

5.10,0

25%

'10

Sungei Way...

8.3.0

124%%

'10

5

fy.

Golden Hope

6.17.8 20%

'10

Tangkah

Etfy.

Gula-Kalumpong...

H. und Lowlands

4.14.0 30%

Third Mile

-Inch Kenneth.

-14.0.0

100%

All broken, chofed, nad damaged goods most be left in the. Godowns, where they will be stamined on the 1st March, at 3 P.M.

15/

Johore Para....

10

Val d'Or Est...

12/0.

No Fire Insurance will be effected by us in any ease whatever.

fy.

17/6

This Stemmer brings on Cargo:

2017

Ex as..“ Garmania “fron Gothenburg,

Tromelbye

Utd. San Betong

Vallambrosa...

Trust, and Finance

Companies.

Anglo-Straits R. T....

Easton Internat. Trast

171

10%

10

1.0.10 75%

10

The DIRECTORY oorere the whole of the PLAN OF THINGTAU (ĶIAQCHAU) ports and cities of the Far East, from Nether- PLAN OF FOREIGN COMMERSION, SHANGHAI fanda India to Siberia, in which European reside. PLAN OF HONGKEW (SHANDRAI) with Inset

Not only in the Directory a full and complete Showing the FXTENIŠKO SETTLEMENT in each cum as it can be made, but each Colony, LARGE I'LAN OF THE CITY OF VICTORIA Port, or Settlement is prefaced by a DESCRIP PLAN OF NEW TERRITORY (KOWLOON) TION, carefully revised each year, most of PLAN OF KOWLOON which will sorve as nearate GUIDES FOR THE PLAN OF MANILA Teguer, giving every detail in compering with PLAN OF SAIGON the places, their History, Topography, ec, de. PLAN OF SINGAPORE

The Information in these Descriptions CO-PLAN OF BATAVIA MONA visting of hundred interesting articles, packed

The CHRONICLE covers the notable events with faces concisely set out, and containing of the last half century in the Far East, together statistics of the TRADE of each Country, and with the Texts of all the most important Treatles Fort, would alone suffice to Bli a large volume concluded with the countries of Eastern Asia,

Royal Octavo Complete with Fifteen Map the various Cusions Tarifs, Trade and Plans, pp. 1,832, $10.00. Directory only Chambers of Commerce, Scalen er pp. 1,302, 48.60..

The Directories and Descriptions are of

Peking

Tientsin

Peitalho

Chinwanglao

Taku

Antung

Manchurian

CHINA

Soochow

Canton

Chinkiang Whampos

Nanking Kowloon Wahu Lappe

Samshni

Kewkiang Hankow Yochow

Trade Centres Bhasi

Newchwang

Tairen

Port Arthur

Chefoo

Weihaiwei

Kiaochan

Tsinazfu

Mukden

Shanghai

Tokyo

Yokohamas

Hyogo

Kobo

Kongmoon Nanning Wuchowfu

Lohang Kwongobauwan- Chungking Pakhoi

Bangchow Holbow

Ningpo

Langchow

Wenchow Mengtze

Santa

Foochow

Hobow Szeman

Amoy Bwatow'

JAPAN AND FORMOSA

Shindoncaeki

Osaka Moji

Leoung

Nagasaki

Tainanfa Tukow

Hakodato A.oping

Tamani

EASTEEN SIBERIA

Nicejowsk

Сновем

Vladivostock

Booul

Chemulpo

Fusan

Kansan

Wonsan. Mókpo

Chinpompo -Pingyang Songchin HONGKONG AND ITS DEPENDENCIES.

MACAO. FRENCH INDO-ÜKINA :

Tourane Saigon Cambodge

Comma and Court Fees, Hongkong Stamp Duties, Posial Guide, Signal Codes, Chinese Festivals, Tables of Moher, Weight and Measures, and other Commercial Information lactating-

TERATIES WITH CHINA Great Britain-Nanking, 1842- Ticotsin,

1858 Tariff Agreement and Rules, 1859 Convention, 1880, Butes for Joint Investiga tion of Customs Seizures, 1869; Chefoo, 1876, with Additional Article; Opium Co vention, 1836; Chungking Conventio, 1891; Tibet Sikkim Convention, 1808; Burwal Convention, 1897; Kowloon Extension, 1898;

1898;

Ex 8.5 Bursao" from Bordeaux. Er sa. Elber from Christivnia,

Ex as Portimao" from Betobal..

Ex s.s." Konr Gudrod "" from Bergen. Ex 8.5 Brunia” from Bkien,

HAMBURG AMERIKA LINIE,

Hongkong Offco.

Hongkong, 24th February, 1911. [364*

NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD, BREMEN, -IMPERIAL’GERMAN MAIL LINE.

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES,

THE Steamship

TH

* "PRINZESS ALICE"

| having arrived, Consignees of Cargo are hereby. informed that their Goode, with the exception of Opium, Treasure and Valuables, are being | landed and stored at their risk into the. hazardous audfor, extes hazardous Godowns of the Hongkong and Kowloon Whart and Godnen. Company, Limited, Kowloon, and Weat Point Godowna, whence delivery may be obtained.

No Claims will be admitted after the Goods have loft the Godowns, and all goods remaining undelivered after the 2nd Marol will be subject to rent.

All broken, chafed, sad damaged Goods are to be left in the Godowns, where they will be examined on the 2nd March, st, 9.30 AM.

All Claims, must reach us before the 6th March, or they will not be recognized

No Fire Insurance will be affected,

Bills of lading will be countersigned by the

NOEDDEUTSCHEE LLOYD,

MELCHERS & Co.,

General Agents. 15

Undersigned. Convention, Commercial, 1902 Emigration Convention, 1904. France-Tientsin, 1858 Convention, 1880;

1885; Conventions, 1886, 1887, and Frontier Trade Regulations.

Do Peking, 1680; Immigration, 1894;

Stater: Tientsin, 1858; Additional

Commerci

1003.

Germany-Tientsin, 1801; Peking, 1880; Kirchan Convention, 1998; Railway and

1898.

NEWAL 895; inuling Con

vention, 1895; Commercial, 1896; New Fort 1898; Supplementary Commercial, 1909. Russian-St. Petersburg, 1861; Roman Jand

Tando, 1881-

Portugal, 1888; Commercial Treaty, 1904. FINAL PROTOCOL made between China, and

Eleven Powers, 1901.

TREATING WITH JAPAN Great Britain, 1894; Duties Convention, "1885; Russia, Agreements as to Coren ¡ ́- United Sustes, Extradition Treaty, 1888; Great Britain (Allmoo) 1905; Rusia (Pence Treaty) 1905.

Hanoi

Annam Haiphong

Hue Tonkin Provinces Quinhon PHILIPPINES Mazila

Iloilo BORNEO Labuan

BANGKOK STRATTS SETTLEMENTS Singapore, Penang, Malacos, Fror. Wellesley-1899

MALAY STATES

Sarawak

TREATIES WITH COREA Jan, 1876 Japan Supplementary, 1876;

Japan, 1904 and 1905. United States, 1882 Great Britain, 1895 Cebu

TREATIES WITH SIAM ES Great Britain, 1856, 1890 and 1909, France, British N. Berues 1898 and 1904; Japan, 1893; Komie, 1899.

Great Britain and France, Sturmese Frontier. Great Brivin and Rusia, Railway Convertido,

CUSTOMS TAXIPRS TRADE RENULATIONS

Sungei Ujong Selangor Jelebu

NETHERLANDS INDIA

Johore Pahang

Batavia Buitenzorg

Samarang

Soursbaia

Porak

Padang Macassar

Bast Coast of Sumatra NAVAL SQUADRONS · ·

Austrian United States Italian

British

German French

Japanese Siamese OFFICERS OF COAST AND RIVER STEAMER, The Book is printed from New Type specially reserved for the purpose, and uniformity in every arrangement greatly facilitates reference.

The features in the 1911 Edition are the LISTS of TRADES and CLASSIFIED PROFESSIONE at the larger Commercial Gentres.

,

The

of

ALPHABETICAL LIST contains the names of over

20,000 FOREIGNERS,

Chiun, Japan, Siam, Cora,

Lagar DocENTS

Orders in Council for Government of HBM,

Bubjects in China and Comes, and in Slam Rales of H.B.M Supreme and other Courts in China, &c.; Tables of Court and Commlar Fees; Charter

harter of the Colony of Hong Kong Malay States Federation Agreement Table of Hongkong Courg

Hongkong, 23rd February, 1911.

• MOGUL”” LINE OF STEAMERS,

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.

1

8.8. "GHAZEE"

-FROM GLASGOW, LIVERPOOL AND STRAITS.

MONBIGNEES of Cargo are hereby informed that all Goods are being landed at their risk into the Godowns of the Holl's Wharf at Kowloon, whence and/or from the wharves delivery masy bo obtained,

No Claims will be admitted after the Goods have left the Godowns, and all Goods remaining undelivered after the 2nd March will be subject

to ront

All Claims against the Steamer must be pre- sented to the Undersigned on or before the 22nd Murch, or they will not be recognized..

All broken, chafed, and damaged Goods are to be left in the Godowns, where they will be pramined on the 2nd March, at 230 P.M. No Fire Insurance has been affected, Büh of Lading will be countersigned by

DODWELL & Co., LTD.,

Agents. Hongkong, 23rd February, 1911.

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.

THE P. & O. 8, N. Co.'s Steamer

*** PALAWAN,”

1358

From ANTWERP, LONDON MATA PORT, SAID, SUEZ AND STRAITS

Johore R. Tands Jong-Landor Jugra (Ordinay Jaru Estates::/ K'pong Kuantan Kamuning A

Do "B" Kapar Para Kellaspi Kepong Killinghall- Kinta Kollas. Klänning Klian-Kollas... Kota Tinggi...

10."

40%

4/5. puf 15%

10

5/ paid

920

20%

10

201

Options

20%

'10

74%

10

5/ paid

Mid-East Invest

...

Options

Rubber Plants. Inves. Trust

7+%

10

33}%

10

10 paid

R. Share Trust

15/

Strait. M. & Trust.....

od

Khota Tampan

India, Caylon, Borneo,

Krubong

Kuala Klang

paid

Kuala Lumpur

7.5.0

76%

Kuala Pahi

Kuala Selangor

Labu

12/0

30%

Lanndron

414.0 12%

10

Ledbury.

3.6.0

10%

'101

1.18.6pm

Lendu

2!

Linggi

2.1.0

21

London Asiatic

12/0

10%

Lumut Est.

18/3 pm

'09) 2/ fy,

Marlinglay Est.

Malacca 74% Cum. Partici

pating Fref

NOTICES TO CONSIGNEES

THE BANK LINE, LIMITED.

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.

8.8." AYMERIC,"

Has arrived in the Harbour and is now

delivering Cargo from FORTLAND (OF), TACOMA, SEATTLE, VANCOUVER, TOKOHAMA AND

NAGASAKI,

HONSIGNEES of Cargo by this Steamer are requested to lodze their Bills of Lading for countersignature by the undersigned and to take immediate delivery of their Cargo from alongside.

Cargo Impeding the Steamer's discharge will be landed and stored at Consignées risk and exos Ensarance

No Fire Insurance has been or will be affected

THE BANK LINE, LTD., King's Building.

[173 Hongkong, 27th February, 1912

AMERICAN ASIATIC 8.8, CO,

NOTICE TO CONEIGNEES, “

FROM NEW YORK. THE Steamship

1

"ALBENGA,"

Capt. C. Lorenzen, having arrived from the above Port, Consignees of Cargo. are hereby. informed that their Goods are being landed at their risk into the Godowns of the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Co., Ltd, Kow loen, and stored at Consignees' risk and expense. All broken, chafed and damaged Goods are to bo left in the Godowns, where they will be az- amined on MONDAY, 6th March, at 10.30 A.M.

All Claims must be presented within fifteen days of the Steamer's arrival here, after which date they cannot be recognized

bare left the Godowns, and all Goods remaining No Claims will be admitted after the Goods

4 84.0 10

ཝ་མའདྲུལ་བསྨཱ

Juva and Sumatra.

Anglo-Java... Aashan (Sumatra Bangawan R. Beaufort

Contrail Sumatra

154

Indian Peninsula

**

21

Java Amalgam

Kimanis

Langkon Manchester

Niemala (Java) Pontianak -Sumatra Para

Sumas Props. United Servlang

Utd. Sunmura

NOTICES TO CONSIGNEES

"GLEN" LINE OF STEAMERS.

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES,

FROM ANTWERP, HULL, LONDON AND SINGAPORE.

THE Steamship

"GLENFARG,"

11/3

23%

5.15.0 7/0

5% 20%

HONGKONG TIDE TABLE

From March 1st to 7th, 1911.

HIGH WATER.

Days of

Mouth

Week.

Days et

H'kong

Mean

Time.

Height

LOW WATER,

H'kong

Blew

'Time.

h.

a.

ft. in.

Wed

1 m 10 9

4 8 m 3 53

Captain W. E. Hartzell, having arrived from Thurs. the above Ports, Consignees of Cargo are hereby informed that their Goods are being Fri. landed at their risk into the Godowns of the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Company, Limited, Kowloon, and stored at Consignees

ba

9 30 a 7 4 3 15&

Height

ft. in,

2 a 10 32 5 1m 4 230 7 10 12 7 2 3 53 n 2 4 311 0 5 4 m 4541.

Flute

San,

10 56 a 4m 11.33 11 48

5 m 0 10

All broken, chafed, and damaged Goods are to be left in the Godowns, where they will be Mon. examined on MONDAY, 6th March, at 9.30 K

Tues

All Claims must be presented within fifteen- days of the Steamer's arrival here, after which date they cannot be recognized.

No Claims will be admitted after the Goods have left the Godowns, and all Gócale remaining undelivered after the 6th March will be subject to rent.

No Fire Insurance has been affected. Bills of Lading will be countersigned by

SHEWAN, TOMES & Co., Agents Hongkong, 27th February, 1911. [379

8.8. ERNEST SIMONS.""

COMPAGNIE DES MESSAGERIES MARITIMES.

NOTICE.

ally, Role: Fordon Cadicio donsignees of Corgo, by the above-memes milclivered, after the 6th 15 arch will be suho Co

Ad Regu

lations for the Consular Corps of United States; United States Consular and Court Fees; Rules of Cobri of Consuls of Shanghai Chiness Passenger Aut Hongkong Licences, Trade Marics, and Letters Patent Fees Port Regulations for Chlan; Harbour Regulations for Japan. The CHRONICLE, and IRECTORY, al- though condensed in every possible mamar, con RESIDENTS tains every year more pages.

It was years de universally pronounced to be the cheapest.

although very much published, and work of the kind anywhere enlarged and improved in every way, the price in silver fia now below the equivalent of £168, at which

it was originally published.

arfully arranged, with the Initials as well as the Surnames in strictly Alphabetical Order, go that any name can be found instantly.

THE MAPS AND PLANS

have been engraved by one of the most eminent Firms in Great Britain, and are corrected and brought up to date. They consist this year of the following

COLOURED PLATE OF FLAGS OF FOREIGN HONGS MAP OF THE FAR EAST PLAN OF YOKOITA MÄ PLAY OF KORE AND HYOGG PLAN OF FOREIGN SETTLEMENTS, TIENESTIN

It is published at the Office of the Hollylong Daily Press, and can be had from, and Adver timents sent through, the principel Book-

ellam in Asia nod through :---

LONDON... Hongkong Daily Press" Office.

181, Fleet Street, E.C.- LONDON ......Mr. F. · Algar, 11, Clement'a Lapo. LONDON Mer G. Street & Co. Id.

30. Cornhill, EC.

ere hereby informed that their goods are being landed and placed AT TWEE RISK in the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company's Godowns at Kowloon, where each Consignment will be sorted out Mark by Mark and delivery can be obtained as soon as the Goods are landed.

Optional Goods will be lunded here unless instructions are given to the contrary within 6 hours

Goods not aloured by the 6th March, at 4 P.M. will be subject to rent.

No Fire Insurance will be effected by me in any case whatever,

Damaged Packages must be left in the Go downs for examination by the Consignee's and the Company's Surveyors, Messrs. GODDARD & DOUGLAS, at 9A.M, on MONDAY! and THURS DAYS. All Claims must be presented within ter days of the steamer's arrival bere, after which date they cannot be recognised. No Claims will be admitted after the Goods have left the Godowns.

E. A HEWETT,

Superintendent Hongkong, 27th February, 1911.

to rent

No Fire Insurance has been effected, Bills of Lading will be countersigned by

SHEWAN, TOMES & Co., General Agents.

[378 Hongkong, 27th February, 1911.

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.

STEAMSHIP "BEACHY.".

FROM TACOMA AND HONOLULU.

99 0.9

4 35 a

5 25

2. 2.0 20 & 2 2

5 4

2 6 0.56-5~9

42 R 2 2 7m 2 20 4 6 Im 7:5 3 1 135 a 6 1 9 31 2 2

HONGKONG METEOROLOGICAL

REGISTER.

Hongkong Observatory, February 28th.

Barometer

T'em persture

Humidity......

Previous On Date On Date

Day

at

at

at 4 p. 10 nm. 4 p.m.

30.04

30.12

30.01

61

63

69

59

59

52

Wind Direction ...

E

East

NW

1

1

1

Weather re

Hain

Fores........

Highest open air Temperature on 27th...65

Lowest open air Temperature on 27th ~53

CATHAY

A SOCIAL AND POLITICAL NOVEL OF ABSORBING INTEREST,

ONSIGNEES of Cargo from London ex

B.3. "Normand,"

Charente," CHILDREN OF FAR and from Bordeaux ex ka: "V, de Dunkerqas" in connection with above Steamer, are hereby informed that their Goods with the exception of Opium, Treasure and Valuables are being landed and stored at their risk into the hazardous and or extra hazardous Godowns Kowloon Whart of the Hongkong and

and Godown Co., Ltd., a Kowloon, whence de livery may be obtained immediately after landing. Optional Cargo will be forwarded on unless intimation is received from the Consignees bafore Noor TO-DAY, requesting it to be lauded.

THE above Steamer having arrived, Con-here. Tsignor of Cargo me hereby requested to send in their Bills of Lading for countersiga ture and to take immediate delivery of their

Age Goods from alongside,

شده

Cargo Impeding the discharge of the Vessel will be landed and stored at Consignees risk and expense,

No Fire Insurance will be effected by us in any case whatever.

DODWELL & Co., LTD.,

Agents,

374 Hongkong, 25th February, 1911.

Bills of Lading will be countersigned by the Undersigned. Goods remaining unclaimed after the 6th March, at Noon, will be sabject to rent and landing charges.

All clainis must be sent in to me on or before the 7th March, or they will not be recognized.

All damaged packages will be examined on the 6th March, at 3P..

No Fire Insurance has been effected.

P. THOMAS,

Agent. Hongkong, 26th February, 1911.

(2

By CHAS, J. HALCOMBE (Formerly of the Imperial Chinese Customs Service, Author of "The Mystio Flowery Land,” sta).. THE VOLUME which consists of 146 Pages, and includes a Sketok Plan of historical interest showing the disposition of the Forces at the battle of Kweilin, is dedicated to Sir ROBERT HART, G.C.M.G., and Dr. A RENNIE

Its description of Chinese Social Customs and Superstitions, combined with the insight it gives into political conditions in China, makes **CHILDREN OF FAR CATHAY" an excellent

volume for presentation to friends at Home.

Well bound in Yellow Cloth with Chiness Emblem in Gold.

PRICE

83.50 To be obtained from Messrs. KELLY & WALSH LTD., Messrs. BREWBE & CO., or from the Printers and Publishers, the “Horarona Daily Pres". Office,

Comments

Approved members can add comments, bookmarks, and private notes.

No comments yet.

Private Research Note

Private notes are available after approval.