1911-01-30 — Page 5

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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, JANUARY 30TMn, 1911.

THE QUESTION OF CHINA'S ARMY.

MANCHU DYNASTY DEPENDENT

ON ITS LOYALTY.

(DY FREDERICK MOORE IN THE

"DAILY GRAPITIC.")

entering by an intricate way through tho wall

hich is barred to the devil, bedanse, according |

in the Chinese, he moves only in straight leg PEMARTIN

Pro-Tiny Tou, it may be remembered, is the town which suffered a most humiliating dis- grace at the hands of the allied armies, in 1900. Das of the corners of a Chineso town--I do not recollect at this moment whether it is the south- east or the south-west--should never be demol- ished by an enemy, its destruction putting the town in perpetual disgrace. But this igno- miny was inflicted doliberately hero as one of the punishments which Pao-Ting Fou was required to suffer for the part she played in the Boxer rising.

PERING. For some years the modern army of China has been receiving the attention of army officers from many foroiga States. In view of the tre- mondous possibilities of an army of Chinese, foreign strategists have been prompted to con- sider the ability of these people as soldiers, their It is said that the poople of Pan-Ting Fou aptuoss, their knowledge and appreciation of expected to be massnored when the Allies modern methods of warfare, and the develop entered, as they themselves would have maszaør- mont of their patriotism, on which last muched had the order of things been reversed, with doponds.

them as victors. They wero mach amazed that the foreign soldiers, instead of razing the town, set to work and paved the main streets running through it. The inhabitants had never before realised the value, to say nothing of the comfort of good roadways, having been content for centuries with longhs of filth in rainy weather ad frightful dat in dry seasout.

Bat there is also an immediate interest in the Chinese urmy as it stands to-day. In its present position as opposed to its potential powers diplomatists and statesmen are taking muru interest than military men. And the reason is that upon the loyalty of the modern battalions finaugurated by the now diagraced Yuan Shi Kai) the continuance of the Manchn dynasty in power is generally thought to depend.

The armies of China are said to number all told between500,000 and 00,000 men, but of these sol diors are entirely ineffective except for suppress. ing risings of unarmed people. The provincial organisations (comprising the Manchu "Army of the Eight Fanzore," the Chinese Arty of

tha Green Standard," the Mangolian horsemen, the guard of the Mandarins, and others) ara not to be taken into account for any serious campaign. They are little more than armed as compared with unarmed mou, and the weapons are in most cases obsolete and illkept.

But there are over 160,000 effective mon, train- ed and armed with modera rifles and rapid firing artillery, These troops, unlike the others, are schooled in the modern methods of warfaro, mony of them are able to read and write a little, and they are officered by men who have been to military colleges abroad, or to those in China whore foreign instructors are employed.

According to the original programe the Lon. Kinn, as it is called, should increase to the number of 400,000 in the year 1913, and to 1.185,000 in 1920. But that it will be permit ted to devolop is a grave question in view of the present political situation which balances upon

this force.

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Passing out of the walls on the other side of the town we turned to the loft by the side of a nurrow, onal erowded with junks from shore to shore--80 crowded that not ono could changeits moorings till all were ready to leave. By the the country for several miles to the rast level. side of this waterway our road led through parade grennda and the barracks, tud-built and quality attained at the

mud-walled though white-washed,

Some of the most enlightened looking mea to be seen among the Chineso met us at the main gate. Several of them spoke Japanese and one know Earlish. The goueral, whom we met when we entered, had finished his education at one of the German universities.

Among them all there was only one who look- ed as though he suffered from the opiam cure, which many officiala addicted to the use of the drug are now testing wth pitiful results. The othors were well-built, healthy looking men, who would dwarf the Japanese in comparison.

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Wo wore shown into a bar, white-washed room, famished only with aplain table and chairs, and with sorgens over the doors. Contrary to the Chinese custom, the officials rumored their caps when enterier, and not only in this but in mady little ways they give aridence of having forsakon WINE & SPIRIT MERCHANTS thoir former conceited satisfaction in theirown -pecaliar - mauder of doing things.

Though the morning hour of drill terminsted at this camp at nine o'clock. some crack com-

I is the plan of the Chinese Government to construct in the next tou yours a network of railways, which, while developing the country,panies of infantey and artillery were kept on would also enable hor to move troops to any foot till we appeared to inspect them. Then for frontier. At present an army of a million men an hour and a half we watched some of the most. would be ineffective because of the lack of tran- precise drilling that either of as had soon. sport facilities.

Military Attachés in Poking will generally But there are several reasons why the consn- say that they doubt the canability of those mation of this project is likewise unas sured, modern troops in action. The defects of the Ono deterrent factor lies in the present hostil | race, of which lack of initinties isnt the least, ity of the peope of several, if not all the provin-will appear, they think, then the army is noder 008 to the system of foreign leans by which alone fire. Nevertheless, they all agros that tho model the Government soems able to financo the vast railway projects it has in contemplation. Though the people object to the Government borrowing money abroad, often threatening to prevent the construction of railways built with foreign money, the wealthy elassos, nevertheless, have not sufficient confidence to invest their money in enterprises controlled entirely by their own people.

The Lou-Kiun in its present standing has one great value to the existing Government as long as it remains loyal, Though it may not be sufficiently effective to defend the country against aggression, it is at least well alile to protect Poking against any revolutionary out break which the Chinese could possibly bring about....

Ono entire division of the Lou-Kiun is com- posed of Manchu troops, while Manchus are Boattered throughout the other division. Many of the higher officers, too, are Manchus. But perhaps the most capable in both rank and file ara to be found among the Chinese.

divisions go through the manual of arms with precision oqual te, if not generally better, than European armies. It is said by some that even the highly-trained German soldiers would be hard-pressed to clunge positions in closer uniformity. We got : develop an attack on an imaginary position, company to. assailing it in open order which is, after all, the chief drill for hich infantry a trained. This sttack they performed in s thoroughly approved style, and bat for the pigtails of the offers the whole company, clad in khaki, might have been mistaken at a short distanes for s body of European troope.

Nor is it only the infantry that drills so well. The mounted mea are likely masters of those tactics which can be learned from books. We saw a battery of artillery develop a turning movement at full gallop several consecutive times, keeping the muzzles of all four guns in perfect alignment-a thing not often seen in the Western world.

This is striking advancement since the daye of the war with Japan-the war which brought these vain people to their senses. The forcas they sent against their hereditary enemies, the littlo people of whom they were most contemptuous, numbered in thoir ranks mon with flintlocks, nan with bows and arrows, mon with spears, and men tinarmed

It is said by the Chiness that the Manchas have been ruined as wrace by the Government system of giving to every Mancha o pension of a number of tacis a month according to his class in life. The stipend is not sufficient, they explain, to keep a man without offort on his own part, though it is enough to make him more or fere indifferent to labour in a country where arrying on their backs only great flat loaves of livelihood is so difficult to get.

This unfair pansion meanro has done mach to keep alive hostility towards the race of the conquerors, and it would seem (if one may take the teatimony of the old residents) that the hostility has not been so rife in many years as it is to-day.

Reports come from the Yungtszo districts that the modern soldiers there are not thoroughly relied on by the governors, who put their co- fidence in what are known as the provincial troops; the Haan-fanztai. It is said, too, in Poking, that

of the Ton-Kinn are sap many porting the demands of the delegates from the various provinces and from Chinese communities over seas, who are new here to memorialise the Throne for an early opening of the proposed Parliament which has been promised for eight years hence.

Chinese hardtack, one slab of which is enough in their war with Japan that drove the Chines to last a man a month. It was their humiliation Government to adopt the military tactics of the West.

China, to plead one's own luferiority and to It is the way in the East, and especially in

is speaking. Of course, this is only etiquette. extol the virtuos of the person with whom one Even the officer who had been to London, West, would at times revert to the Oriental and knew that this was not the practice of the manner of speech. When the battery of artillery, for instance, swung roned

limbered up," and began fring with doz into action, terity at an imaginary enemy, this officer dealer- ed that though it was the best they could do hẹ knew it was bat a poor performance, and plondingly asked for criticism and advise. He said he know that the American army was the finest in the world, and he would not agree to the American officer's remark that the Germans held that position.

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The present situation in the, modern army is much the same as that with the returned students. It is the Manchu dynasty that adopted the new army system as well as the plan of sending students abroad to acquire modern honour-the point where he did not belittle his But we found this young man's point of [179 college education. Now that those men have own and pland how miserable it was compared tained the enlightenment which the Government with ours. The conversation turned to the ques considered necessary for the development of the tion of extraterritoriality, a question which dis- country they form a body of patriotis young turbs the peace of mind of many proud Chinose zen, discontented with the old systems and the of education. One of us mentioned the fact As SUPPLIED TO THE HOUSE OF feebleness of the very Manoha Government that Chinese polics and Chinese courts had no which educated them.

jurisdiction over foreigners within the borders of the country.

NOTICES TO CONSIGNEES

NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD, BREM EN IMFERIAL GERMAN MAIL LINE.

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.. THE Steamship

TH

"PRINZ EITEL FRIEDRICH," having strived, Consignees of Cargo are hera by informed that their Goods, with the exception landed and stored at their risk into the hazard af Opium, Treasure and Valuables, are being ous and/or extra hazardous Godowns of the Hongkong sad Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company, Ltd., Kowloon, and West Point Godowns, whence delivery may be obtained.

No Claims will be admitted after the Goods undelivered after the 1st Feb, will be subject have left the Godowns, and all goods remaining

All broken, chafed, and damaged packages to rent...

American officers on duty in the Philippines often spend a summer vacation in China, and others returning to America by way of Siberia sometimes pass through Peking. They take occasion generally to visit one of the two divi- sions of the Lou-Kiun that constitute the

strength of the forces serving as guard to the capital,

Neither have foreign countries," said the young man, any authority over our people. Have we not our own 3inisters and Consuls abroad?"...

ceptions, have little conception of social or any The Chinese, with comparatively few or

It was in the company of one of those officers but they are rapidly developing what we know other conditions prevailing in other countries; that I visited the camp of the Sixth Division at as patriotism over and above their primitive Pan-Ting-Fou the other day. We obtained feeling of distrust and dislike of foreigners. Chuan-Fa, ser object in applying to headquarto make, and how soon those changes may come permission from the War Department, the Em-

What changes this patriotism may inspire them ere being chiefly to secure the proper identifica about, no one here will venture to predict...

tion.

Manchurian ponios with high Chinese saddles and gaudy caparisons were brought us by three troopers, one of whom wore his quene down his fashion into the right-hand coat pocket. Wa back with the tasseled end stuck in the approved know, of course, that the privates wear their are to be left in the Godowns, whers they be left in the Godowns, where they will be or caps, and that offers only are permitted to let All broken, chafed, and damaged goods are to hair twisted into a knot under their military will be examined on SATURDAY, 23th inat, atamised on the 1st Feb., at 9.30 A.BL..

their quenos hang in the manner of respec- All Claims must reach us before the 6th tability; but we had failed to ascertain which rule applied to non-commissioned offleere. My No Fire Insurance will be effected..

friend from Manila was, therefore, at a Tous to Bills of Lading will be countersigned by the know what measure of deference he should Undersigned.

10 Aar Claims against the Steamer must be

presented within 10 days of strivul otherwise

they will not be recognised,

No Fire Insurance will be effected by us in

any case whatever.

Bills of Laling will be countersigned by

... JARDINE, MATHESON & Co., LTD.

QAgents

Hongkong, 24th January, 1911

Feb., or, they will not be recognized.

JNORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD,

(233

MELCHERS & Co.,

General Agents Hongkong, 25th January, 1911.

[6

show the man of the queue, though I, being mere civilian, was af liberty to treat rank and file with the time civility.

From the railway station we rode through

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Bramble, gunboat 710 tons, 930 h.p. Lieut. Comdr. B. G. Washington Shangbai, Britomart, gunboat, 710 tons, 900 hp, Lient."

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il.p. Capt. F. C. Learmonth, Hongkong. Minotaur, armoured cruiser (flagship Vice- Admiral Sir A. L. Winsloo, K.C.B., C.V.O, C.M.G.,) 14,600, tons, ih.p. 27,000, Capt. G. C. Cayley, en toute to Hongkong Monmouth, armoured cruiser, 9,800 tons, i.h.p. 22,000, Captain L. E. Povor, M.V.O., Hongkong,

Moorhen, rivar gunboat 180 tons, 2 guns, 1.b.p. 800, Lient-Co, G. P. Leith, West River,

Newcastle, 2nd slnas oruiser, 4, 00.tons, turbine, Captain George P. E, Hat, 180, Hongkong

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Nightingale, river boat, 85 tons, 249 h.p.. Lt.-Comdr. Claude Hillersden-Woodward, R.N., YangiszA.

Otter, torpedo-boat destroyer, 385 tons, 6 guns, 6,5001.h.p., Comdr. Lamba, Hongkong, Robin, river gunboat, 85 tons, 2 guns, 240 h,p., It-Comar. Como A, O. Douglas, Hong- kong.

Sandpiper, ziver gauboat, 85 tezs, 2 guns, 240 Lient-Comdr. B. J. J. Southby, est River.

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