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SCIENTIFIC MISCELLANY,

UNTRAINED SPEECH,

The cure of stammering is chiefly the teaching of correct speech, in the view of Dr. G. Hadson Makuon, of Philadelphia. Of the more than 300,000 stammerers in the United States, he believes that one-fourth could overcome their defect of their own nocard, with a little aid from friends, but the remaining three-fourths of the cones are mere serions, and the many so-called euren have little effect because based on impor foot understanding. The malady is often a much in complicated one The trouble is not the tongao, se is usually armmed, as it is in the central mechanisms of speech, and it involves also some of the higher intelleotrial brain Though any obstacles to good speech inust first be removed, the primary treatment consists in teaching how to speak correctly, The exercises, purely educational and physiologie. al, must be adapted to individual requirements, and must be confinned long enough to form entirely new habits of speech, months and sven yours being often necessary. Nobody can guarantee to ouro stammering in six wks, or oven guarantee to cure at all-

and

emotional contres of tho

IN THE CLIMATE CHANGING? Belief that the nlimate bas materially changed within a few years is common in many localities In Egypt B. F. F. Kealing has found a that the climate has strong impression altered much in 10 or 20 years, and it

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, APRIL 23xD, 1910.

and satisfaction. It has four explosion ohan bars, in which the products of the explosiona ars dirvoted through four nozzles upon a single turbino whool This wheof, about six inches in diameter, makos 10,000 revolutions per minute, and has a peripheral velocity of about 260 feet per second, or three miles per minute. The consumption of gasoline was 4,95 pounds per borze-power hour. The machine has small size and weight, and seems to promise successful

* development,

HANGING WEIGHT.

The pall exerted on a langman's rope has been the novel and gruesome subject of tests by Dr. Angelo de Dominicis. The pall of a living dog when quiet was 20 pounds, and on hanging it was 42 pounde; and the tensions for a larger animal were 50 and 103 pounds. It is concluded that the struggles of the victim of hanging may increase the tension on the rope to more than twice the weight of the body.

JUSTIFYING JAPAN.

1

The Duchess married twice; the first time, at twenty, the Duke of Genes, amidst the ap planse of both families, her own and her has. band's, and the second time, only a year after the desth of the Dubs, she took the stop-of-con tracting a morganutie marrings with cas of her gentlemen-in-waiting, Marquis Rapallo.

infringing the principles of equality of oppor

A KING'S GRANDMOTHER. fanity and of the independence of Chien, Her attitude does not justily the charge. She does

A message from Rome rands -Just now the not oppose the construction of the railway. What name of the Dowager Dashess of Genes is in she claims is that if it is built cho has a right to overy mouth, all speaking most tenderly of this. share in providing the ospital and in the work old lady of eighty, so beloved by her daughter, of construction. A railway enterprise reserved, Queen Margherita, and so picturesque a figura, exclusively to two foreign Powers can hardly be with her great-grandchildren, who are quite old described as " "commen

to all countries. Japan, enough to love her. in asking to share in the enterprise, is only

The Duchess used to spend a largo, part of prossing for the application of the principle of her time in Rome, although her home was equality of opportunity, and her right to do at Stress, but in late yours her visits to the Bo, in view of her interests in Manchuria, capital have been fewer, owing to the infirmi seeme auquestionable. Bhs has good rassen ties of old age, nud her daughter has, instead, to fear that ancha a railway, in which she had gone to her. She is small, with fire manners, no shure of any kind, would be so worked as to

but with none of the beauty of Queen Mar injure the Bouthern Manchurian line. Howgherita, and belongs to the Saxon Royal Family grout this injury would be at the start is a matter of controversy, but it is certain that before long branches and extensions would be proposed which would mensee more seriously the development and progress of her line. It is, of course, true that for Japan to oppose in any way China'a railway schemes is to interfore wilh China's independence, But then Japan's whole position in Manokarin infringes this independence, and yet Japan's ownership of the Bonthern Manchurian railways pud hor other interests have been clearly recognised by Chins and other Powers, Japan's plotige to respect China's independence is obviously limited by the special rights secured to her by Treaty, and the fact that they are so secured plainly entitles her to defend them against attack or threat. She cannot in reason be expected to view with in- difference the endangering of the fruits of all her efforts and sacrifico, and of the large sums of capital she has invested in Manoharia. There is a disposition to measure Japan by the high a standard. Other Powers infringe China's independence without protest. Germany will not pornit in Shantung any new lines which may injure her railways. Grost Britain only a year refused to allow China to build a railway

is insisted that the rainfall has increased in China, must lead to friation betzeo or thich would compote with the line from

Investigating the records, he has shown that the mean temperature of the five-year periods since 1870 has remained practically the same The rainfall, often greatly influenced by single storms, is very variable for different years. At Abassis the driest year on record was 1892, with aquarter of an inch of rain, and the wettest was 1908, with less than 3 inokes, the mess for 1907 and 1908 being 18 inches.

DARK OPAQUE MARSES IN THE BXT.

Dark "lanes "in Prof. Barnard's photographs

•~~of.........nebulas hint at light-absorbing matter in space. The nebulous region of Gamma Scorpii seems partially to veil stars behind, and dark Innes in the nebula of Rho Ophichi strongly suggest an opaque-mass of inconceivable extent.

SPRAYING BY ACETYLENE.

Since the conclusion of the Russo-Japanese struggle, tlm Far East, so long the storm-contre of the world, has enjoyed a period of compara live tranquillity. But there are, from time to time, ominous rumblings which show that the situation is not free from elements of danger and disorder. The war made vast changes in the conditions of the Far East, and set in motion now and powerful forces, so that the process of adjustment must russarily be long and difficult. It was soon seen that the position acquired by Japan in Manchuria, and the rise of a now spirit of pateletina and ambition the two countries. A number of protracted disputes were settled with foulty last No new controversy has arisen, in which Great Britain is indirectly concerned, China desires to build a railway from the Gulf of Pachili to ran up through Mongolia to Aigun on the northern frontier of Manchuria, crossing the (Russian) Chinese Eastern line at Taiteilhar The capital is to be provided by the United States, and the work of construction to be given to a British engineering firm. Strong cirtiolem has been directed against the Government because it has refused to support the project, and some questions on the subject were asked in the House of Commons re. contly. The point of view represented by these oriticisms was ent forth in an article con- tributed to our columns a short time ago. The reason why the Foreign Office is unable to support the scheme is that, in its present form. it is opposed both by Russa and Japan, and the charge is made that British interests are being weakly sacrificed, and that Great Britain is allowing the two Powers to interfere with China's rights iams ner tomily at variance with Treaty obli- an not consider that these views aro justified by the facts. It would certainly be an advantage to British engineora to receive the contract for the con. struction of a big railway, but the Government can hardly be expected to push private enterprise where this ruas counter to the broad. objects of national policy, and confiets with the recoguised rights and interests of friendly Powere. To support a project regarded with hostility by Japan would, of course, involve the

The increase in the consumption of calcium carbide in Australia from 2,000 tons four years ago to more than 8,500 Tons last year is attribut. od to a very caricus use that bus been made of it. A novel gas-sprayer was introduced fregations. Frankly, wo years ago by W. Tres, of Sydney, and has proved so popular that more than 5.000. have been put to work for a great variety of purposes, such as spraying fruit trees, spreading turpentine and zine white on the inside of feed tanks of boilers, applying disinfectants, and painting and dis tempering. The apparatus consists of a larger cylinder for the spraying solution or emulsion, with a smaller one in which the gas is produced by the dripping of water into calcium carbido at any requirot rate. The two cylinders are fastened together, and are riveted to with stand's pressure of 200 pounds per square inch about twice the pressure yielded by the genera Hon of the neetylene. The one disadvantage of this convenient sprayor is the inflammability of the gas that is so easily produced.

OUR CHANGING FOOD, H

Studying carefully the sources of supply Pro A. Wonikof has concluded that sooner or later the human race must depend entirely upon vegetable food. Meat must become unavailable for ordinary use, and the substitution of any manufactured substanes for vegetable products is extremely improbable, as plant life is capable of storing solar energy much more economically than any machine can do. Experience has shown that no kind of food is indispensable. Scarcely. any one kind is everywhere regarded as a Decor- sary of life, and many kinds that esetain peoples now regard as necessaries were a few generations ago almost unknown to them. The productive. ness of the agricultural lands of the world is likely to be almost indefnitely inoresred by the application of scientific methods,

HOT IN THE SMITHSONIAN COLLECTION. What appears to be the smallest insoot known has been described in India by Dr. N. Annaadale. It is only 1/130 of an inch long, with a spread of wings of 1/30 of an inch, sud belongs to Hymenoptera, the order including ints, bees and wasps. It has received the name of Alaptas magnanimus. Only one specimen has been seen, end that appeared in the field of vision as the describer was observing under the microscope certain organisms in oil of cloves.

DISEASE RESISTANCE OF COLD BLOOD, " The entrance of bacteria into the oironlation of warm-blooded animals is strongly resisted by specifio antidetes or satitoxins and special solvents or lysins, in the production of which the leacocytes or white corpuscles of the blood are concerned. The susceptibility of fresh water crabs has suggested that the blood of cold-blooded -animals has në moh germ killing qualities. To test the matter, an investigation has been made by Angoror at the Biological Erperiment Station at Munich, and be has found that the blood of crabs really has little effect upon bacteria, the same being tris also of the blood of snails and massole. Theslimymuenseraded by hibernating snails, on the other hand, has strong bactericidal Kotion. The blood of carp kas powerful effect, and the white blood corpuscles devour and digest great quantities of typhoid bacilli and other bacteria. The blood of May bootles also apposes bacteris vigoriously. Thiok armour proves to have no influence in keeping out bacteria, and fishes and some other cold-blooded animals have the same protection a8 WEIT biboiled drentarenMAL

EXPLOSION TURBINES.

The explosion gas turbine has been in the experimental stage in Francs for several years. The machine lately built in Paris by M.Krayo- dine devalope about two horse-power, sad for some months has been operated with regularity

ad

BROGGIAful

risk of creating friction between her and our solves, and would thus endan.er the system of mutual friendship and co operation which is now the basis of British policy in the Far East,

which has proved so remarkably, during the last eight years. The alliance with Japan has more than proved its value in the past; it is rendering good service to-day, and in Far East, view of the uncertain situation in the it may well prove very helpful in the future,

Of course, if Japan were disposed to adopt an overbearing and unreasonable course of action, Great Britain could not be expected to follow meekly in her train. But, in spite of the hard words used about her in certain quarters, we think that Japan's attitude in the present controversy is inlly justiled.

$106. She is accused

of violating hor Treaty obligation not to obstruct "say guneral measures common to all countries which China may take for the development of the

commerce and industry of Manchuris,”: aud of

Canton to Kowloon, and in this and other cases has compelled China to adhere to all concessions and borrow foreign capital against her will. We suspect, however, that Japan's objection to the original scheme is not wholly commercial. It has always been China's policy to play off one country against another, and she has viewed with intense dislike the various resties and agreements which now bind together the leading Towers in the Far East. She has been trying todrives wedge between Japan and Great Britain for some time, and there can be little doubt that this was the main motive of the now railway scheme, Even if it did not load to friction at the start, it would breed trouble between the Powers interested on the one side and Russia and Japan on the other, when the question of making branches and extensions arose, and China would take care that it would oriee. It is perfectly legitimate for Chins to follow such a policy, but we do not think it wise that Great Britain should allow herself to be a pawn in the game. Her duty is not to take sidos, as between China and Japan, but to do her utmost to bring the two countries to an agreement and to smouth any friction that may arise between them. The last contest betwoon China and Japan was followed by ten years of turmoil and trouble. It should be the object of British policy to pro vent, if possible, the danger of a recurrence of that evil and disastrous period --The Times

FAMOUS BEAUTY,

Miss Louise Montague, advertised through- out the world thirty years ago as the most beutiful woman in America, and winner of £2,000 prize beauty contest, has died in a small. apartment house in New York, along and shuest

panniless,

There was much ill-antared gossip, which cansed her to live a somewhat retired life at Stress with her two little children, the Princes Margherita and Prince Tommaso, the little Duke of Genoa. Her second marri age was perfectly happy, and was the end of an innocent romance, interrupted for Ave years by her "political" marriage with the Duke of Genoa. Her second husband died in 1882.

She is exceedingly fond of her great-grand- children, particularly as she had to wait some time for them, as it really seemed as thongh her grandecu, the present King, was really go. ing so carry out his threat never to marry, and even when he made up his mind to that, Bve yours passed before his first child was born, and three years more before the heir to the throne came on the soone.

WEIGHT AND GREIG'S PREMIER"

SCOTCH WHISKY-just the same na jou

get at home in Scotland.-Aārt.

MARTIN'S M

A French Barnetky Toy milferenciarillas. Thousands of indies always keep a los of

01 Any-Tremes arity at the simudy done waz de administered: Thow wha una lisem rasuramand, them, henes theirønar german als All Odia mlade said ötorna se li the na Birourtinał Bie. Wpzid ur you irra đến, MARTIN, Chomini, Southamptno, Eng.

Pisa in the hours, so that R&

MARTIN'S

SAPIOL &STEEL BELOOPILLS

INSURANCE

[348

WORTH BRITISH AND MERCAN

TILE INSURANCE COMPANY. WITH WHICH is IncurrorATED THE. OCEAN MARINE INSURANCE: CO TOTAL FUNDS a1 31st DECERE, 190

£19,121,330.

he was discovered by Adam Forspaugh Barnum's greatest cirous rider. He started

• £2,000 beauty contest, and after awarding the prize to Miss Montague; made her the principal || I. feature of his show. She reclined on a golden sharlot in the street processions, and exhibited herself in the circus. All America want raad over her, as th ast perfect model of women- hood the United tastes had produced.

Leter Miss Montagun went on the stage, atilising her excellent soprans voice and her dramatic ability in musical comedy. She was the rage for a number of years, and then drifted back into private life, to die forgotten.

Authorison Capital... £6,000,000 Subscribed Capital 3,275,000 Paid-up Capital 3.204,7537. 10 1,812,500 0:0 II. Fire Tands

The Undersigned, AGENTS for the above- Company, are prepared to ACCEPT RISKS against FIRE and MARINE at Current Rates.

SHEWAN, TOMER & CO.,

Agents. Hongkong, 15th January, 1909. (908

The Eddystone Lighthouse Keeper

Nervous Depression, Sleeplessness,

Neuralgia, Rheumatic Cramps-

Because he has benefitted se tremendously by taking Phosferine, Mr. Francis Warder, head keeper of the Eddystone Lighthouse, now realises that until be took "the Greatest of all Tonics," the best time of life was slipping away in ill-health. Disorders came so gradually that he was resigned to consider natural to be getting a bit stiff, not sleeping soundly, or eating so heartily, and somehow not able to enjoy things

The overpowering depression which Phosferine dispelled, had bees slowly accumulating during the 33 years of Mr. Warder's vigilant custody of lighthouses, when the long, lonely spells of duty, the unvarying monolony, the nervous strain of his responsibility, dulled and tired his very senses.

The last vigour is now regained, and Mr. Warder déclares he is as active, hardy, and lively since taking Phosfering, as he was ten years back,

Completely and Easily Cured.

Mr. Francis William Warder, principal keeper, Eddystone Lighthouse, writes have read what John Haylett, the Caister lifeboat coxswain, thinks of Phosferine, and I feel you would be glad to know what a lot of real good your famous tonic has done in my case. My occupation is monotonous and lonely, and, in rough weather, having to be always on the watch, 1 suffered a great deal rom loss of sleep, and, even when fired out,. could get no real rest owing to stiffness and heumatic cramps. After try- ing to slave this off for some time and only getting worse, I got some Phosferine and felt relief from the first dose. I can tell you it is just a marvel how well and fine I feel now, all the rheumatism and neuralgia bas -gone, and I have a grand hearty appetite, steady nerves, and sleep well.. Why to tell the truth, I feel as active, hardy, and lively since taking Phosferine as I was ten years or so back, and it's wonderful, it is indeed, bow Phosferine holds a man together."-June 7, 1909,

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e and all disorders consequent upon a reduced state of the nervous system.

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ANNIE OAKLEY

THE WORLD'S

NODGATEST LADY RIFLE SHOT

USES AND RECOMMENDS

NEWBRO'S

HERPICIDE

THE ORIGINAL REMEDY THAT KILLS THE DANDRUFF GERM.

"Travelling as I do continuously, I have been troubled a great das? with dandruff and falling hair, and until I triad Herpicide I never found a remedy that was satisfactory.

nud

Herpicide is a delightful preparation that fulfills the claims made for it, no lady's toilet is complete without it. I highly recommend it to my friend"

(Signed) ANNIE OAKLEY.

It is certainly algnificant that Miss OAKLEY, the selebrated rifle shot and theatrical star, who has travelled so extensively abroad, should choose Newbre's Herpicide as the MOST EFFICACIOUS toilet remedy for the scalp. No one will doubt her opportunity to choose the best, and those who have seen the natty and winasmo Miss OAKLEY will not doubt her power of discrimination, in matters of this sort.

Newbro's Herpicide is a scientiás germicide and prophylactic for the hair and scalp; it destroys the germ or microbe that cause dandruff, itching scalp and falling hair, after which the hair will grow as nature intended, except in cases of incurable baldness. Extrmor-

results sometimes followed the continued use of Newbro's Herplaide. ding your hair is dull, brittle of instroless, don't wait natil it begins to fall, but save and beautify it with Newbre's Herpicide Ix addition to its wonderful medicinal qualities, Nowbro's Herpicide is the daintiest and most delightfully refreshing hair dressing available. The first application proves its goodness, TRY IT.

Herpicide contains no grease, it will not stain or dye STOPS ITCHING OF THE SCALP INSTANTLY.

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ENNIE OAKLEY

E