1910-03-25 — Page 5

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SCIENTIFIC MISCELLANY.

BAT ELECTROCUTION, The novel method of electrocuting rate pow in use at the electrio station of Charlotten. Furg, near Berlin, has been patented by Ton Brederbein, and is a trap enticing ita victims by bait. As the animal enters, circuit is closed, farning on the electric current, A set of wires is so arranged as to come into contact with the crestaro's body, and death is instantaneous, with no sppreciable combustion.

been tested. With the apparatus described the propellers ware studied in action, and it was shown--ocotrary to old theory-that a screw at high speed does not lose efficiency through " oavi ation," or the forming of a ramum behind the blades, and also that the push is not increased by enclosing the pro poller in a tubo to prevent coupe vi water at the sides. Propeller eficiency seems to be based on a sucking action. The retarding attributed to cavitation" in really due to air snoked down, and remedies are placing the propeller deeper and giving the vessel's steru a photographs, Prof. Flam kas designed a very efficient screw with increasing pitch and narrow blades, porror being wasted by wide blades.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, MARCH 25TH, 1910.

THE INTELIOR OF BORNEO,

A VISIT

TO THE COUNTRY OF THE MADANGS,

A NATIVE, FUNERALS

Just serces the river from where we were sit- ting was the graveyard, and there I witnessed a funeral prosession as the ring was drawing to si cloes. The coffin, which wasn wooden bor made from a tree tank, was decorated with red sud black patterns in ofroles, with two small wooden Agures of men placed at either end; it was lashed with raftans to a long pole, and by this (numbering thirteen in all), who, then carried at means was lifted to the shoulders of the bearers to the burying ground. After the mourners quickly cut a couple of small sticks, bach about had all passed over to the graveyard, a man five feet long and about an inch in diameter, One of these he split almost the whole way ground, when the upper part opened like a V through. He next split the top of the other leaving ancient room for each person to pass stick, and, placing another short stick in the cleft, made a cross, which he also forced into the ground.

A number of the traps can be mounted together long protesivo overhang. From his testa and ploration," appeared to be the distance we had down, and forced the unsplit end Into the

In a box, and they can be adapted for destroying mice and other animala. A special contact to ring an alarm hell or light lamp is desirable, as this gives warning that the trap should be set again. The station's three-phrase current, working at 210 volis, seems to be aufficient to kill, rats, but

The funeral procession climbed the mound on which the cemetery was situated, passing

diroot current at 220 volts can be used if Swedish railways, it promises better results as days in the boats, making various excuses to through the V of the cleft stick in single file.

desired.

Just ten years ago last November, Dr. Charles Hous, accompanied by Dr. McDougall and Myers, members of the Cambridge Anthro- pological Expedition, set out for the Madang between the head waters of the Batang Kayan, conutry, a hitherto unexplored district, lying Bejang, and Baram rivers, and inhabited by the tent raids had become the terror of all the Madange, a warlike tribe of Kenyaha, who by surrounding country. The chief things to be considered, says Dr. Hose in Travel and Br to travel and the difficulty of afely navigating had more on several occasions, I had little the dangerone rapide. As the Madang chiefs doubt that they would receive ns in a friendly mander, but the Kayans who accompanied our PEAT FUEL USED AT THE BOG.

party were of a different opinion. Many of Though peat fael has been abandoned on them returned home after fifteen or sixteen hard power stations. The new central electric station, disguise their fear of a hostile reception.

After a journey through the most picturesque A soon as the soffla had been placed on the in the Prussian district of Fast Friesland sees cruntry we arrived, continuen the narrativo, stage erected for the purpose, the people com- peat from the neighbouring meot, and it is ox at the principal Madang village."

This menood their return, following one anothers" ber parted that this fact supply will yield steam for village, which contained about 2,000 people, con- heels as quickly as possible, ench spitting out

sisted of nine long houses forming a circle the the words "Fit bali krat bali jat tesip driving the generators, a century, The plant, centre, of which had been cleared of abrabs and tatip Koop back, close out all things evil, whioll cost $750,000, can farnish several thous trees. For a considerable radius outside this and sickness") as they passed through the V and horse-power of energy. More than 150 ring-the jungle had been felled and the land shaped stick. The whole party having left the miles of wire distribute the current, which is was farmed on that side which was more or less graveyard the gate was closed by the simple bounded by the river, The settlement, it was process of tying the cleft ends of the stick to already used for harbour works and other parent, had been fill out on a plas, best cal-gether, and a few words were then said to the enlated to resist attack The Madonge como cross stick, which they call ngring," or the down in great numbers to have a look at us, and wall that separates the living from the dead. the chief, Tama Usun Tasi, invited me to take All whe had taken part in the ceremony then A quarts tube enclosing a spiral of nickel er up my residences in his house. My Kenyah went and bathed before returning to their friends had not arrived yet, but I thought it best homes, rubbing their skins with round pebbles, other wire in the unit of the new Bastian electristo go with him at aures, and afterwards on heater. The incandescence of suitable group gratulated myself, when I found that, according to custom, Tamn Bulan and his followers (being of tubes gives heat for cooking or other use, and the wizos are easily renewed when necessary:

unable to enter the house until all cases of blood money between his people and the Madangs had been settled) were obliged to camp near the river for one night. The Madangs assisted in making hats for my followers gave them several pigs, and sent down their women laden with baskets full of rice, so no want of hospitality would be said to mar our reception. In the evening I took a walk round the village, followed by a crowd of women and children, who sppeared greatly pleased to find that the white man was able to converse with them,

FLYING MACHINE EFFICIENCY, Considering the various aeroplanes, an on Fineering authority finds that for each, horse power the Wright-biplane weighs 41.6 pounds and spreads 21,6 square feet of surface; the Farman biplane, 24.2 pounds, and 8.2 square feet, and the Curtiss biplane, 18.3 pounds and 9 square feet. Of the mono planes, the Antoinette weighs 208 pounds and, and is likely soon to operate two railway spreads 7.3 square feet per horse-power; the Bleriot, 19.2 pounds and 6 square feet. Smallest of all, having a weight and surface less than one-fifth se great as the Wright machine, is the Demoiselle of Santos Dumont, a little monoplano that for each horse-power weighs only 8 pounds and spreade 38 square feet of surface,

ANTI-BEEF EDUCATION.

As a contribution towards the solution of the food problem the British National Sea Fisheries Protection Association is seeking a larger use of fish by handbooks explaining ita dietetic import- ause and the best and most attractive methods of preparation. With a small amount of skill and very simple appliances it can be given a Little appreciated variety of appetising forms, and with due allowance for waste and the some. what less nutritive value per pound, it is a much more economical food than ment. With its greater economy and special value for children and young people, it is bollered to deserve s greater place in the distory of the people

PICTOLEN HY WIRELESS.

For telegraphing sketches or photographs without wires, G. J. de Guilles-Garcia, a Spanish engineer, proposes to use two ordinary wireless stations of any system. For the usual transmitter and receivor he substitutes two equal cylinders, rotated uniformly by clockwork or otherwise, and each carrying a tracing stylus describing o helical path on the surface of its sylinder. The sketch placed on the metal cylinder at the transmitting end is drawn in insulting ink. The turrent passing between the styles and the cylinder is broken se the stylus crosses the ink, and this causes a relay to close the circuit sending out Hertzian waves. At the receiving end the cylinder is covered with paper moistened with potassium ferrocyanido or other solution. As the Hertzian waves arrive, a current passes through the stylus, giving a black line on the paper, as the two cylinders me tarning in the same time this line corresponds to the path of the Bending stylus across the ink, Whon each cylinder has been completely traversed by its stylus, the lines received will have the form of the original drawing. Forsending photographs, the positive or negative is produced in relief in bichromated gelatine, and the transmitting apparatus is somewhat modified. As the stylus traverses the relief, which ・・・ vorinu 20 height for light and shade, a lever

· different contnuta la causes four be made. One contact leads the current to the relay through a smooth-edged dise, and the other contacts lead through toothed dises having different spacings, so that the waves sent out are in a continuous series or braken into different intervals. The long lines and graded dotted Itnes received reproduce the picture in its varied shading.

INSTANTANEOUS RADIOGEANS.

sensitivo

In making X ray photographs of living subjects a serious disadvantage has been the necessity of a time exposure, To overcome -the-difficulty a German physicist bag devised

#

special induction soil that

yield,

one sudden and very intense sparks and thus prodema a radiogram with an ex posure of 1/30 to 1/120 of a second. A small silver or copper fuse in the primary renit in place of the interruptor gives the desired result The sudden breaking of the elrenit as the wire molts gives theintense discharge, and exposures can be made rapidly, the fass being quickly. replaced.

ONLY CANNON CAN SIEK BALLOONS. In German tests 80,000 ballet holes at close range were necessary to bring down a balloon, the small holes, not cleanly cat, permitting Little ges to escape, The now field guns for destroying balloons can be tilted to: 70 or 75 degrees

IMPROVING SEL POWER. Important as the screw propeller now is, ils Betion seems to be very imperfectly understood." In his late investigation, at the Tachnical High School of Charlottenburg, Prof. Oswald Flamin used a simple testing apparatas, consisting of & glas tank about 33 feet long by 24 fact wide nad deep, over which runs on a railing a small car, which is attached to an electric ally-driven propeller immersed in the water. A card passing from the car over pulley suspends a cap for weights, giving a means of measuring the push of a propeller. Two power fal electric aes at one side of the tank send their rays through the water to a camera on the opposite side, and make it possible to ob tain perfect photographs in one thousandth of

were somewhat

a second. The propellers tried were

less than 4 inches in diameter, 14 different patteras including all standard typos having

linde p

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THE PEOPLE.

The Madangs are a very light-skinnect people, with bright, dark eyes and perfectly straight, long buk hair. They are fairly tall for Borneo natives and very muscalor, clean, and free. from skin diseases, so common among Dayaks, Kayans, and Murats, They are energetic and quick in their movements, splendid boatmen, and able to travellong distances in the jungle

foot without apparently becoming much fatigued. Their only garments consist of conte and waistcloths made from the bark of a tres known as kamut, which is beaten out to a thin cloth with a wooden mallet. The women also use this bark cloth for their petticoats and for the shawls in which they wrap their babies. They live in much the same manner as other Kouyah tribes-in long henses holding thirty to fifty families in each house Their ocennations include the cultivation of extensive padí farms, of which they plant sufficient for their wants.

The Madlangs are a very musical race and possess many musical instrumenta. Among these aro a sort of reed organ, a banjo, gonge and drums, a baraboo harp, and a nose ante, The nose fute is an instrument made of bamboo, on which the person plays not in the usual way with the His but with his nose. I remember seeing on one occasion amon playing on this peculiar fastraient surrounded by an andiones of about 40 persons. Finding, kowever, that much of his wind escaped through the other nostril, he fore off a piece of rng from his waist- cloth and blocked the offending outlet with a small plug. He assured me that his nose, which was undoubtedly a musical one, was slightly. out of order, as he had only just recovered from an attack of influenza, but that sometimes ho was able to move bis audience to tests!

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