1909-09-25 — Page 9

*. . the only `cricketer to`tahu deur 100 wichita, khá la somme over 1,000 prosa belaka LRABON. In addition to hit crichat, ing activities, My, Zif

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& Y Yust

Nerve Strain, Weariness, Exhaustion-

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25TH, 1909.

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70-1

THE FAR EAST REVISITED. THE JAPANESE PROTECTORATE

KOREA (V)

(FROM TER“TIMES" SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT LATELY IN THE FAZ BAST.)

the Japansee Prose aro believed to have been frequently inspired by those who resented his determination to put down abuses, and represented it to the Japanese publio as an patriotia partially for the Koreans. Fot one would have thought that Japan had suffered soverely enough in the past from the unruly element amongst her own people in Koran. The material advantages which have already On the last occasion on which I had been at accrued to Kors from the Japanvas Protectorate Seoul in 1897 the Japanese had lost the cannot be disputed even by the many hostilo whole of the ascendency-resulting from their erities of Japanese methods. The old Korean war with China owing to their deplorable Court was sa boda specimen of Oriental corrup-complicity in the murder of the wretched tion, incompetency, and gread ne sould be found

5

الم

in the whole length and breadth of Asia, and en. Though the Blunders of Busin diplomacy in turn helped to redrous the balance the *Court waa for practical purposes the in favour of the Japanese the memory of that Government of the country, the old hereditary criminal folly lives to the present day. aristocracy having been gradually transformed

sa hereditary bureagerecy, dopendont upon Court favour, whose sense of dignity manifested itself

THE JAPANESH TASK.

It would, however, be very unfair to attribute the whole blame for the estrangement of the

hata and a certain in the size of their Koreans to the mistakes made by the Japanese,

a

ង

that

penderons geit known as the mistakes which liberal-minded Japanese *'*'* Famban's ' waddle." sach hands the themselves wimit and are doing their best to machinery of government, such as it was, was repair. The task which they have nesumod in directed solely to the extraction of as large an taking over and reorganising a vast country smonat of money `na the people could be made with some tan million inhabitanta is one which to pay. The only department in which feial would severely tax the resources of a nation rapacity was kept in check was the Foreign already trained by long experience to colonial Customs-Department, an offshoot of the Chinese enterprise. For a people like the Japanese Maritime Customs, and the resourcefulness who are themselves still in a state of transi- and activity displayed

it was truly form,dable. McLeary

as head of the Korean Cus pride of a nation which, still dimly conscious of toms alone averted utter bankruptoy during great past, felt itself to be a mere helpless the ten years that preceded the Japanese Pro

pawn on the chess board of international politics tootorsto, The.. Korean

people-mostly tillers combined with ancient traditions of blind loyalty of the soil-possess many good-qualities, and towards the raling dynasty to arouse a spirit of almost every foreigner who had lived amongst revolt against the masterful people who, whilst them grows attached to then They are professing theoretical solicitude for the integrity good-natured and on the whole long-suffer and independence of Korea, alaimed to treat her ing, and if they are inclined to be indelent, in deceitful, and thriftless, the fault lies probably over, the very fact that the Japanese régime i praótico as a conquered dependeney. Moro- with their rulers, for what encouragement is stands for administrative reform sufficed to there to work when the humble toiler knows alienate all those classes that battened upon the. any visible manifestation of industry and thrift abuses of the old native régime, and with the will merely invite spoliation? Hence, perhaps dense ignorance that prevails among the masses the curious fact that whilst the Korean peasant and the turbulent elements always at largo and lites, in a wretched hotel amidst surroundings. swelled for the nonce by the somewhat hasty dis- of much more squalid poverty than the Japanese or ever the Chinese, he is as a role better fed banding of the old Korean army, it was an easy task to foment local disturbances and sporailio than either and devotes a larger. his scanty earnings to his food. He only risings, which were magnified into a patriotio

fis only safe rebellion. It is not without significance savings bank was once his stomach: Redress those manifestations of patriotisms have been against oppression there was none, and while chiefly confined to the districts in which the the majority wore fain to vent their discontent hereditary Yambans are the chief landowners, in garrulons denunciations of their rules, though these, worthies have seldom ventured to reckless minority asad to take to the road and take any risks themselves. It is not, perhaps, increase the sum total of public misery and dis order by plundering defenceless travellere and ters between the Gendarmerie and the rebels, in very edifying to read of such frequent excom- mulding inoffensive villagers.

which apparently very little quarter is given to sa apon them if it were realized that theso the latter. But lese sympathy would be bestow-

the same class of banditti who have infested the countryside for generations post. We curselves have had similar experiences not so many years ngo with the dakoits in Upper Burosh, who were only suppressed after protrasted and

ever much his authority had been curtailed, "Bo longe the old Emperor reigned, how- the palace which contained him and the notorious Lady Om continued to be a hot-bod of intrigue, and obstruction was rampant it very public office. It was not until his abdica tion and until Japanese advisers and Japanese officials took charge of every department that the work of reform began to tako substantial trought home to the most refractory Koreans effect. Prince Ito's commanding personality the futility of resistance, whilst at the same time it prevented the friction between the Japanese "civil and military authorities which the more liberal policy he was determined to adopt towards the Korean people might have produced had it been carried into execution by a statesman of less weight in his own country. began to bear fruit.

The poliny initiated by Prince Ito las already The present Sovereign

· MATERIAL PROGRESS,

-Prince Ito's lust annual "Report on Reforma and Progress in Korea, has already been samatisetio kands consist for the most part of marized in The Times, and I need not therefore dwell on the administrative revolution effected by the Japanese, who now diroot and control every public department. It will be enough for me to enumerate a few of the more con

pignons evidences of change which came undervigorona operations. my notice se I travelled through the country. A well-equipped railroad with a total mileage of 638 miles now traverses the Korean Peninsula from Fasan on the Straits of Tenshima to Wij on the Yalu, facing the Manchurian town of Antung, and a branch line, originally built by an American company, connects Seoul with the part of Chemalpe.

Roads have been built both us foeders to the railway and for the portant harbour works and large reclamations of development of other parts of the country. Im fand are being carried out at Fasau and at Chemaipo, both excellent natural roadsteads protected by oatlying groups of islands. Great attention is devoted to the fisheries, which con stitute one of the chief resources of Korea, and at Fuzan a special basin is to be reserved for fishing craft with facilities for cold storage Afforestation has been taken. In hand. Model forestry stations have been established and some of the bills around Fusan are already dotted with young trees imported from Japan and from Shantung, where the Germans Love bean doing good work of the same sort in the neighbourhood of Kisualso. Agriculture han bean and will remain for a long time to come the mainstay of Kores, and it is to the encoure agement of agriculture, to the introduction of more scientific methods than the primitive Koreans have hitherto employed; and to the noclimatization of how staples that the Japanese have directed their chief efforts. Agricultural banks have been founded on very liberal lines, and an agricultural módel farm has been estab lished at Suwon, about 25 miles from Seoni, where, side dy side with an educational course, experiments are being conducted in the cultiva tion of rice, barley, best-sugar, cotton, and tobacco, by well as in sericulture and the raising of live-stook. The results, there and elsewhere, in regard both to the improvement of the old staples and the introduction of now staples lage been most encouraging, and show that the climate and soil of certain parts of Kores aro equally well adapted to beet and to cotton Nor have the arts and crafts been neglected Centuries ago Koron excelled in many of them, and it was Korea that taught Jepar in bygone ages. The industrial training school which the Japanese bave established at Seoul should help to revive the decayed industdes of the past and to introduce new ones, if one may judge by the eagerness with which the Koreans at once responded to the opportunity thes offered to them. At the first entrance ex aminations there were over 1,000 applicante, though only 74 were able to pass.

Fusan and Chemulpo are now Japanese rather than Korean towns, and there is a large Japanese settlement at Seoul. The filth and squalor of the Korean capital, where marrow. streets and scanty hovels contrasted miserably with the barbario splendour of the Royal palaces and

parks, are gradually yielding to the more wholesome influences of sanitation and public. doesney. Broad thoroughfares have been laid out, and not a few handsome buildings, banks, school-houses, and an admirable hospital-with a medical school for the training of Koreans testify to the impulse which has been given to the neer forces of progress,

KOREAN HOSTILITY.

Admirable

as is the activity displayed in so many directions by the Japanese it cannot be said that they have succeeded so far in winning the good will of the Koreans. On the contrary, there uple evidence that the majority of the Koreans profoundly dislike Japanese rule. For this vafartanate stats of things, the behaviour of the Japanese themselves, especially during. the first few years of military occupation, is not doubt, as in Manchuris, to some extent respon- sible. The military régime was often harsh and grasping, and the policing. of the country

by the troops, scattered in small detachments- without proper control, led to serious mischief. As in Mancharis, the Japanese immig

migrant who had followed the army into Korea was also apt to be a rough customer. If the Brita decupation of Egypt had been accompanied by an influx of some 200,000 Englishmen, drawn to a great extent from the least desirable classes of our large sities, many insidents would probably have occurred in the Nile valley of which we should have had little reason to be proud. Not unul Prince to arrived in Korea does any resolute effort appear to have been made to put down these disorderly elements, and even he seems to have received less support than he might have expected from the Japaneso communities at large. The attacks directed against his administration by several organs

of Korea is quite content to discharge the ornamental functions assigned to him, and this winter by the Japanese, Resident-General the Royal tour on which he was accompanied effectively conveyed to his people that the tectorate of Japan. It would have been easy reigning dynasty had finally accepted the Pro- enough for the Japanese to have created at any world had they been prepared to wink at time B Japanese party in the Korean official return to the old corrupt methods. It is to their credit that they resisted the temptation but now that some of the better educated Koreans are willing to recognize that their best chance of helping their fallow countrymen lies in co-operation with the Japanese, the latter, it may be hoped, will not hesitate to give the public services to Koreans of all classes who largest possible share of employment in the are ready to accept the new conditions. To the gradual influence of popular education reconcile

the maisen the Japanese trust to

the steady improvement in the material conditions of life. Public works on more railways and more reads opening up new considerable scale, invlading the construction of parts of the country and giving employment to tho people, form an important feature in the programme which Prince Ito has bequeathed to his successor. Viscount Sané has no easy task ir front of him, but if he walks in Prines Ito's. footsteps, though the road may be long and arduous, he can hardly fail to make good pro grass towards the appointed goal. The Japa nese will in say case encounter for some time to come the difficultice with which alion rulers in-

and to

aritably find themselves confronted, but they

hare, nevertheless, so much in common with the Koreans, to whom they stand very much nearer, both in language and in race, than to the Chi nees, that the gulf cannot prove in the long run impassable, unless the Japaness themselves make

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