1909-06-30 — Page 5

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THE

HE VOLUME which consists of 461 Pages, si includes a Sketch Plan of historical interest showing the disposition of the Forces at the battle of Kweilin, is dedicated to Sir-ROBEET HART. G.C.M.G. awl Dr.. A RENNIE.

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THIS WAY WAS STARTED BY THE LATE ROBERT TRONIES DESELENDEN AND HAS BERMEDADAS UPEZIALE (ISO

REFORM IN CHINA,

**

A TYPICAL MEASURE.

(FROM "THE TIMES" SHANGHAI, CORRESPONDENT.)

nature and objects are thus described in the regulations:

SHIPPING RINGS.

COMMISSION.

Regulation 16. Where a particular locality COMMENTS ON THE REPORT OF THE ROYAL has a special weight or measure establisited by long custom and which cannot be endilonly

The Tutes, commenting on the Report of the changed, a time limit of ten years will be granted Royal Commission on Shipping Rings, a from the date on which the Government's in lengthy summary of which appeared in yester

July one suchay'a Daily Press, says:—-- tructions have been isod. speci standard will be permitted to be preserved in each pluca" (N. Geographical limits antefiord).

Two of the members, Sir Alfred Bakerian and Sir John Macdonell, accompanied by Mr. Webster, the secretary of the Commission visiteil South Africa as a Sub-Commission, at the invitation of the South Africau Gorary- Tants, to take evidence, but the major part of the investigation was conducted in this coun try

At the same time it is to be anderstood that in any province where the old weights and measures do not differ greatly from the new standard and could easily be exchanged, the

Most business people probably hoya local authorities should act the change as soon as possible, without waiting the fullten years."

Regulation 31 The Provincial Bureaux of fair idea of the nature of the ixoubles to which the Commission owes its origin ; but, Weights and Measures (newly crested) will send for the benefit of those who are only slightly out several experienced delegates to travel informed on this subject. It may be as well to through the province and co-operate in selecting explain briefly what the disputes is Shipping the old weights and measures to be retulied toonferences" or "rings" as thoir enemies and paing in one year to the provincial onll them, inay be broadly defined as associ

the Board oftio of shipowners whom object is to rogalate, authorities, for report to

Of reforms in China there are two kinds. There in the slowly-moving impulse from below, the result of education and the growth of new ideas acting upon the innate good sense and instinetiva morality of the masses, an impulse too strong to be ignored by the ruling class, which in cortain of the wider nation questions (e.g., the abolition of the classical system of examination and the suppression of opium smok ing) has already achieved notable results. In this popular recognition of the red for change. The gradual evolution of a national and pro- gressive spirit lie China's hope for the future; and however ineffective at first the machinery of village conncils and district seemblies may be in organizing and expressing the uspirations of the people, and preparing for the Parliament to come, it is through these channels that unst How the stream of reform, in an ever-widening enrrent, if it is to flow at all. Though in these makeshifts for popular representation the Held" of subjects open to public discussion be at first restricted, and the franchise be confined to the middle and upper classes, the impulses which have called the new spirits from the vasty deep of Chinese conservatism will, in the fulness of time, bring about the real and permanent awakening of the country, but the time is not yet.

THE OLD SYSTEM.

Commerce.

At this point the regulations begiu to open vista of hopeless and interminable con in sufficient, to reassure anyone who dreads the dulness of uniformity.

VEDLIC OPINION.

It would be an insult to the intelligence of sny Chinese official to suggest that regulations of this kind are serious intended to attain the ostensibly desired ends, or indeed that they should serve идурирова

other than to impress the stupid people with a sense of Mandarin The other type of reform is that which activity while creating new and not anprofit emanates from above, the lucas a non iuscado able opportunities for the official class. When type, as daily tonifested in the fu-suading it is suggested that each district in the land phrases of Imperial Edicts; the due flower of should select one of its weights and measures for Oriental scholarship and statecraft, counsels as during the transition period, discarding all of perfection, of which every treaty with forsign the others, and that such a procedure com Powers contains examples: paper reforms, in mends itself to the official wind on a step in the his is the tradi-direction of uniformity, or rather because of fact var et praeterea nihil tional and classical type of reform, familiarity their apprehension of the difficulty of introduc with which is bred in the people a scarcely ing the new models at once, the official tongue velle contempt, but which is still able to ie in the official cheek, obriously unl corum impress foreign Governments and other publico, and no one is deceived by these detached observers as of hopeful angury. Os Eries. But a reform of weights and tensibly in sympathy with every papular measures which solemnly begins by decreeing aspiration in the direction of beneficial change, ten years' period in which the standards of the frankly admitting the defects and abuses capital must of ascarity be different from those of the oxisting order of things, the offcial of the prefectural cities, and the latter different reformer, literatus or Manchu, bravely ad. again from those of the rural districts--this is sonorous memorials the measures opéra bouffe of the kind that might lead one to vocates in which commend themselves to his sense despair of any gonnine reform ever being of expediency ve his recognition of in accomplished, were it not for the evidence daily And the Throne, no whit accumulating that the innate good sense-and- pondling presNUTE. backward in the cause of progress, promptly patience of the people are steadily leading them, issues the necessary Edicts, and the son of dospite their rulers, towards the day of better Heaven thus accumulates vicarious merit for things virtuous enactments recorded to the credit of the dynasty. Nor does the matter end here, us some might support, fer close upon the issuing of the Edict (way within a year) follows the report of the Metropolitan Board or Pro- vincial Viceroy concerned, framing the regula tions necessary for carrying the roform into general effect as part of the laws of the land.

Government for the people in China will come from and by the people, but the Mundaria will oppose it as strenuously as the assis sutocrat, opposes the Dumu, though by different ways sad And, for the rest, the devices of statecraft. people as large are but little disturbed by the myriad regulations of the Government's "paper"

other hand, we are glad that, although hath reports are opposed to legislation forbidding an combinations, they are both, in diferent derroos, in favour of watching carefully the working nad further developments of the conferens system, are prepared for more stringent regulation. should future events donmad it. We may add that our impression, derived largely from the character of the umjerity report. is that the evidence, when it is publishes, will tend to give support to the view of the minority rather than to those of the majority.

NOTICES TO CONSIGNEES

AMERICAN AND ORIENTAL LINE.

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.

SS. WELSH PRINCE," FROM NEW YORK.

"ONSIGNEES of Carge by the above name or restrict, competition in a carrying trades are bereby informed that all foods on certain routes. The vessels used by the com

are being landed at their risk into the hazardous panies forming the associations are usually, but not always, liners, The cbjects of the aid or extra hazardous Gedowns of the Hong- kong and Kowloon. Wharf and Godown Co, associations are attained by agreements among Limite, Kowloon, wheres delivery uhiy all concerned in them as to freight rates and ports obtained. of shipment, and by various ingeniona erranga.

All brokan, chafed, and damaged Goods are to The most mente for defeating competition. effective of these strangenzente is the system of luft in the Godowns, where they will be ex-' No Clarins will admitted after the foods have "deferred rebates to shippers, by which the amined on the 30th inst, ut 2.30 1.3. shippers who support the conference" left the Colawas, and all goods remaining became entitied to certain rebaten on the froights nominally charged, but only receive the ash representing the rebates, are mouths

The after it has been. ference" shipowner always owes the abipper some money, which, by the terms of the agree ment, he need not pay if the shipper seus goods by any non-conference line of versels, except in a few special cases. This is where the" sinister" aspect of the conference system is to be found, for obviously the shipper can never escape from the conference shipowner without losing money he had expected to receive. The evidence taken before the Commission is not yet published, but the niajurity and minority reports contained in this important Blue-book. together with the brief reservations by. Lord Inverclyde aal Mr. Madison to the majority report, which they signed, and the much longer careat reporting the minority report prepared by Sir David Barbour, appar to supply ample means of forming an opinion as to the facts under-investigation.

to

esraad."

"col- the

made

The views of Sir David Barbour, who adv caten restrictive legislation on the lines of the Sherman Act, would, if adopted, as the evils, much litigation, and the signatories of minority report abserves, lend among other this report are therefore in favour of an attempt to "give effect to a system of conciliation and limited supervision by the Board of Traile." They would have shippers organised into "con- ferences" to meet the shipowners on equal terms. A very similar recommendation is made by the majority in theit report, and in precise terms, based to a large extent on the success of the Australasian Merchants' Association in obtaining concessions from the shipowners as explained The 50th general meeting of the Institution by Mr. Tredwen, the chairman of that associa of Malay Engineers was opened yesterday in tion, in his evidenes before the Consmission. the rooms of the Geological Society, Burlington The formation of such associations in House. Dr. R. T. Moore, who presided, devoted seriously objected to by the shipment, index, CASH, they would welcome them. The his presidential address to the subject of the coal in

He said that if they

reforms.

THE WORLD'S OUTPUT OF COAL

undelivered after the 30th iust., will be subject to rent

All Claims against the Stewner must be pre- sented to the Undersigned on or before the 5th July, or they will not be recognised,

No Fire Insurance has been affected.

ARNHOLD, KARBERA, & Co.,

Agents.

397 Hongkong, 24th June, 1909.

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.

FROM BOMBAY, COLOMBO AND STRAITS

TME P. & 0.8. N. Co.'s Steamer

"ASSAYE.

Consignres of Cargo by the above-mumesi vessel are hereby informed that their goods are being landet and placed AT THEIR RISK in this and Kowloon Wharf and iodowa Hongkong Company's Gotowne at Kowloon where each Consignment will be sorted out Mark by Mark and delivery can be obtained as soon as the Goods are innded.

This vessel brings on Cargo

From Toulon, &c., p.8. "Moldavin.” From Calcutta, ez x.s." Pexlamar." From Persian Gulf, ex B. I. S. N. and

B. & P. S. N. Co.'s Stamers. Option) Goods will be landed here, nales instructions are given to the contrary within 6 hours.

Goads not cleared by the 30th fnst. at 4 PM.. will be subject to rent.

No Fire Insurance will be effected by an in any case whatever.

It has been said by an acute observer that in framing regulations the modern Chinese official rivals the Japanese, but that in breaking them he has no rival. The statement is, in the main, trav. but it fails to make allowance for the face-saving fact that Chinese regulations of the classical type are invariably drawn up in such a manner as to provide in themselves room and justification for their continual and regulated are alike aware that the whole started in the early years of the Nineteenth majority report sets forth af some length the within ten days of the steamer's arrival her evasion; or, to speak plainly, that regulators

farce, intended in no way to deceive the people, bat merely to provide the officials themselves with a reason and at the same time an object

for existence,

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

output of the world

В

they

Damaged packages must be left in the Godowns for examination by the Consigne's and the Company's representative at an appointed hour. All Claims must be presented

friendly ning of the age of coal produs in. The world's lies would probably be mest useful, and it No. Claims will be admitted after the roads

of co then was probably under 15 also suggests the method by which the proposed have left the Godowns.

Baoniations Blould be constituted in the ontpint millieu tons. In 1907 it was 1,080 million ton conatrics where they do not at present exist, 70-fold increase. By 1850 the production of and the nature of the support they should receive coal had risen to 50-million tone, and at that from the Board of Trade. The minority are time the production of Great Britain was twice

of opinion that the proposals of the majority as much as of the rest of the world combined: respecting associations do not go far enough. The output of the United States first surpassed 11 seems to us, however, that they go

distance, for very considerable that of Great Britain in 1899, and Americs now produced 47 per cent of the world & outpat.

of Trade should have power "to appoint a The history of coal in Germany was similar to recommend that, in the last resort, the Board that of the United States, the figure rising

and report to them," and that the Bourd steadily until in 1807 her output reached 2012 Person or persons to inquire into the matter

great million toas. There had also been a

to Parliament. This is a fairly drastic proposal. Colonies In 1871 only one Colony, Australia. No doubt its strength is somewhat weakened by increase in the coal production of the British should, if it thlaks fit, submit the whole case produced as much as one million tons but in other passages in the majority report, and that, 1907 Canada produced 91, million tons, Australia

report. The most important grounds of dif. 9. New Zealand 14, South Africa 43 India 11. probably, is one reason why there is a minority

E. A. HEWETT, Superintendent. Hongkong, 22wl June, 1909,

**MOGUL" LINE OF STEAMERS.

NOTI JE TO CONSIGNEES.

S.8. SIKH," FROM GLASGOW, LIVERPOOL AND

STRAITS. CONSIGNEES of hereby informed IGNES of Carganded at their Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company, at. risk into the Godowns of the Hongkong and

to mnt

No Claims will be admitted after the Goods have left the Godowas, and all Goods remaining

All Claims against the Steamer must be pre andelivered after the 2nd July, will his subject

senter to the Undersigned on or before the 25th July, or they will not be recognized.

All broken, chafed, and datitaged Goeris'are to be left in the Godowns, where they will bis examined on the 2nd July, ut 3 P.M.

As illustrating the modus operandi and the results of a "paper" reform, I cat not do better than cite one of the most recent examples, vi, the reform of weights and measures,. On October 9, 1907, an Imperial Edict, in response to memorials, ordered the Board of Commerce and Finance forthwith to introduce a uniform system of weights and measures throughout the Empire," the standards to be fixed militia ein, was a case of really meritorious fixed within six months. Here, as it seemed to initiative and energy: a case in which the Chinese Government, without advice from the foreigner and in the full exercise of her sovereign rights, was about to demonstrate her The combined output of the British Colonies ference between the two reports are well stated Kowloon, whence and/or from the wharves

was greater than that of any European country in the summary of the minority report, which delivery may be obtained. rendiness and ability to put her house in order Unlike those far-distant mesmes which, under excopt Germany and Austria, and the British gives a number of reasons for regarding the

Colonies were now fifth on the list of coal-prodne pressure of foreign treaties, are destined here- ufler to reform the currency, inland. taxation, ing countries in the world. The coal of the conference system, with the deferred rebate, of which are in many cases illusory, the econe and which generally tend mining regulations, &e, hers was a staple yet Colonies, was a valuable set to one or the as having created a monopoly the ilmitations decline It far-reaching work of reorganization that China Empire. Notwithstanding sli

mes introduced in coal consumption in might effect quietly and in her own way.

may be said broadly that the majority report. which, is signed by eleven numbers, of whom Accordingly, in May of last year the Ministry varions industries the total consumption con-

three are shipowners, and one, Sir W. T. Lexis of Commerce, premably after consultation tinued to increase, and the problem was with the provincial authorities, decided upon how long the coal would last. In 1893 the

is connected with the shipping interest, gives a the units of length, capacity, and weight, Prussian Government prepared the following rather more favourable view of the results of hy the use of which uniformity of system is to figures of the amount of coal then existing be secured. These are the "Carpenter's Foot, The United States, 684, 00 million tons, Great of the conference system than the report of the the "Grain Bushel," and the "Treasury Scale' Britain, 198,000 willion: Germany, 1120 minority, but it contains some strong remarks on the abuses of the system. It is noteworthy weights. The terms of the Edict would million: France. 18,000 million striatist most of the examples of high-handed treat- therefore appear to have less promptly and million. There was also a very large quantity Southafrica, and we cannot help thinking that Hungary, 17,000 million; Belgium, 15,000 ment of shippers by the conferences come from simply failed. It is at this stage that the neosity for regulations makes itself felt, it of coil in China, but there was no accurate

the powerful personality of the late Sir Donald If the output of coal Carrie, who was very much of an autocrat in. being evident to the official mind that, without estimate of the amout such regulations and explanations of a reassur continued to increases at the present average the conduct of the affairs of the great company ing nature, it were useless to hope for the aboli-rate the world's supply would be exhausted tion of the countless and complicated weights within the next fire hundred years, but that it with which he was identified, may, in this Among the distinctly had results of the con and measures whereby every trader is enabled to would continue to increase so rapidly one could instance, have had an injurious effect.

squeeze the uninitated in general and the hardly believe, outsider in particulaz. So the inistry of Mr. Robert Nelson road a paper on " Elestri Commerce issues its regulations. There are city in Coal Mines, dealing with the practical only forty of them, but the Ministry is careful application of electricity to coal mining purely to explain that this is only a preliminary draft, from the safety point of view. and that others will be added hereafter, when suggested the provincial authorities have amendment; for every province is expected to -report on the subject" before any decision is reached. Nevertheless, there is much food for

CONFUSED REGUL›TIONS.

14

SCOTCH WHISKY thought in the forty

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804

·Hongkong, 25th June, 1909.

FITSU BISHI GOSHI KWAISHA

(MITSU BISHI CO.)

SOLE PROPRIETORS of TAKASIMA, OCHI, MUTABE, HOJO, NAMAZUTA, BAYO, SHINNEW and KAMIYAMADA, Collleries.

SOLE AGENTS FOR KISHIDAKE, MIYAO and KIGYO KOMATSU Coals.

HEAD OFFICE:-MARUNOUCHI, TOKYO.

–BRANCH OFFICES-NAGASAKI, MOJI, KARATSU, WAKAMATSU, KOBE, OSAKA, SHANGHAI, HONGKONG, HANKOW. Cable addresses for above," IWASAKI “

AT, ABC 5th Ed, Western Union.

ference system as regards Bouth Africa is the MI advantage enjoyed in cartain trades by American shippers. The friends of the system have always made a great point of the fact that the Continent had no advantage over the United COAL DEPARTMENT Kingdom in the matter of freights to South Africa This was cold comfort for British THE OVEREAS LEAGUE.'

saippers, who suffered from the competition, ut lower rates, of American manufacturers and The Committee of the Overseas Lengne at a merchants. The majority report says: W meeting held recently, under the chairmanship consider that this is a grave defect in the of Mr. Byron Brenas, adopted a resolution system, which has, in the past. led to diversion At the outset one observes, running through deploring the introduction into Parliament of of arders from this country to the United As we have them all, a feature common to all regulations the Importation of Plumage (Prohibition) Bill,tates of America, and thereby discounted the which provide for possibilities of reforma-1909, and approving the action of the London benefits obtained from the sytem. namely, that, come what may, the change diall Chamber of Commerce in opposing it on the seen, the majority have great confidence, we fear not lessen-the-lucrative-opportunities of the ground that while sach measure can do nothing too much confidence, in the fetare innence of official class. On the contrary, the frahison to save the lives of birds used for millinery it the associations of shippers, the formation of ditre of such a change would appear to be to threatens seriously to affect a British industry which they recommend. We are afraid that provide new sinecures, to establish new mono-" in the interest of foreign competition, and unless the more decided measure recommended in

to adds

the troubles

thet

beset the the minority report are adopted; the advantage polies, and to organise new bureaux tpresium-

market. Further resolutions were possessed by the United States will not be ably for the consideration of further regulations labour

good of a diminished. The associations will need & whereby employment may be found for hungry adopted urging the establishment

expectants. Swal! wonder then that the first seminary for Oriental languages; regrotting deal more support from the Board of Trade Coles, motto of reform in China is festiua lestr, and that so many of our Consuls are not British against the powerful force of the conference that the sovereign right most jealously safe subjects and calling for en improvement in shipowners than is contemplated by the majority in report. The minerity report relies largely on aqneere." In the print instance the this country of Empire Day; and introduction of the uniform systeza is proposed the proposal of Dr. E. Arthur (President of publicity as to the working of the conferences. to be completed within ton yours from the the Immigration League of Australasia) to Good judges are of opinion that already s wholesome result has followed from the mere tato on which the regulations are finally promote the emigration of town kads to the self-

The Committee also appointment of the Commission and the One carried out. approved say, two years after the granting governing Colonies. of the Constitution-and in the meanwhile request the Lord Mayor to permit a public meet investigations it har

Kays the minority report, the new standards will come into gradual ing to be bold at the Mansion House under the valuable check,"

rthur to would be the certainty that the results of soial auspices of the League to enable Dr. u: Birst at Peking und in the provincial

The recom capitals and treaty ports, then (three years place his proposals before the merchants of the offcial inquiries would be promptly brought

to the notice of Parliament." later in the prefectarul cities, and even- City of London, The League baring heard, & tually throughout the country. But, in order stalement by Mr. E. T. SCAMMELL respecting menilations that the change may not be too violent, and to the commutation of arst and military pensions not strong enough on this point. It also conciliate those local susceptibilities which play with view to enabling saitable pensioners to appears to us that the minority members are so important a part in Chinese affairs, the first take advantage of openings existing for them in right in insisting that the Board of Trade year of the refarming process is to be devoted the Orerens Dominioza, expressed the opinion should have fail freedom to recognize any as to preliminary work of a kind that should interest that the views advocated were worthy of adop-sociation which is, in its judgment, of a

Its tion by the Government-

adequately representative character." and employ a large number of offivials,

guarded is the officials' time-honoured right to this direction; advocating official TROVED the effect which would be produced by more

AGENCIES:-

YOKOHAMA: M. ASADA, Esq. CHINKLANG: Messrs. GEARING & Co. MANILA: Messrs. HACONDRAY & Co.

For Particulars apply to

H. OISHI, Manager, Ne..2, Pedder, Street, Hongkong Hongkong, 9th January, 1909.

DIRECTORY of the majority report are.

On the

THE IRECTORY AND

FOR 1909

6C5

CHRONICLE

Copies may be obtained at the "HONGKONG DAILY PRESS" Offles or from Booksellers throughout the Far East.