1907-11-09 — Page 9

THE INDIAN COTTON INDUSTRY,

The extraordinary development of the India jute tests in the lost three years las tended to draw off attention from the still more imp rtant

GOVERNMENT AND MUNICIPAL PREMIUM BONDS. WE o the Largest Dealers in the World of these attractive Securities, WRITE to us at once for our Year Book gising full particulara,"

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 9ru, 1907. Neither wag alone nor hours alone can form a great vicissitudes, weaving has been fiqurishing whe comes?" "Oh, wo tour for it, you see.! basis for comparing British and Indian labour for the past ten years, and prices have left = application, pansuality, suorgy, and rega- promising. Many mills have sold their output strictly Rotulinised by a committee of three

Idiati intrer is lacking fa continuous good margin of profit. The immedimus iure

"Then you two won?" No, we lost."

And, lastly, in the Navy, mess bills are farity. Men have often to be employed in Andis for several mouths forward, and there is ample experienced oicers, for work that women will do lu Egaud, lke room for the Westing sheds that are boug left unpaid. It necessary, the captain cau

Accounts cannot b tor industry, he recent courm of the in adina workers are not specialized to factory steadily added to miin. There is practically no endor dustry has boon somewhat shequered, in striking work, and often exchange it temporarily fork in extending the production of shirtings, and debit the amount against an officer's

the paymaster

pay debte contrast to the experienes of the Lanossaire agricultural pamante. They have scule kill ur danties, tea-ulutus, domestic, and chaiars. Gry pay. In fact, all gun-room accounts are paid trade. Cotton toida foremost position in education, consequently they make mob wast, gonds at present comprise about-afths of the through the offies, and the midshipman receives Indian agriculturo, in Indias manufactures, and and, through want of cleanines and proper cutpat, but there has been progress roooutly in only the balance as his pocket-money for the in Indian imports and exports. Over 22 million handling, they not infrequently damage the white, fancy, and coloured goods, which would he mouth. The youngsters are limited to 10. a sores are cultivated with the fibre, nearly a machinery, Tueir sense of discipline le imper- prodused stiti more freely but for difficulties in quarter of a willion persons are employed in the feet; their attendance is irreguiar; and they lunching and printing. The total production of and whore their menting, which is only 30% a month wine-billand-los, month extras over are supported by hand take loug intervals for rest, smoking, ko. The the Indian wearing mill it year (1906-7) we mouth. Three senior officers of the gau-room mills, over inning, and walle imports of thet that the Indina does not cars to improve in 159 milion pounds, or about 682 million yard, cotton goods represent 38 per cent of all import skill or to work up to his full empachy is an beides a small cutpat in astive States. Tar by regulation responsible that the meas

of cotton

yara sad piens-gooda canstiinte important yet lasommeasurable factor in pro-quality however, is equivalent to only about 25 pay of the juniors, and the three andsting conducted on scato commensurate with the 7 per cent. of all India's exports. The portion duction, Complaints were recently made with per cent of the imported cotton goods, and, as officers have to satisfy themselves that there of the country directly interested in Jute is good reason on humanitarian grounds as to limited, and the mills are mainly in Caionits the excosaire hours of labour in some Indian exported. In Bombay there are four stories incurred any axiravagant expenses, signing a we have seen, a part of the production in are no internal debts, and that no loer has and its vicinity, but the cotton industry is mills, thenge apparently they did not reach the everywhere, and though the Bomkay Presidency inordinate length of time worked in

for healery, a branch of the trade that has fallen formal declaration to this effeer and handing and its capital city are in the forefront of the Japanese mills The Factory Labour Comfolarers.

some largely into the hands of Continental mant it to the captain, who himsell produces it to industry, there is an increasing number of mills mittee recommended that the actual period of

the admiral at Inspection, ̈up-country.

employment of male adults should not exceed twelve hours in any one day, and it is only fair add th this course han boon favoured by many willowners

weaving an exporta

SUPPLY OF BAY MATERIAL Next to the United States India is het greatest producer of raw cotton, and great attention is being devoted to the improvement of the fibre as well mà to the extension of the. aros under caltivation. An increase of no less than 1,272,600 adres took place last season, and the yield was 4,908,000 balen, about 17,628,500 awt. Out of the total production the require ments of the domestic industry and of the milla have to be met, and a large surplus is always available for export, the chief foreign customers being Japan and Western European constries, sash as Germany and Italy. The Indis mitis consume a rather smaller quantity than is exported. Endostours are being made to produce a longer staplod cotton in India, suitable tor spinning higher counts. Tang, experimenta with Egyptian cotton have taken place on irrigated and in Sind and with American

cotton elsewhere, while tree

cottons Are

SPINING MILZA,

THE OUTLOOK.

In 1 05-6 there was booming prosperity in the Tudian cotton industry, but in 1966-7 came ro-motion, obiefly owing to the troubles in the China market. The sination was alleviated by the enhanced home demand for yarns and cloth, Now, as in the past, spusing is the most arising partly from the cheapness and improved important branes of the Indian cotton and quality of these goods, partly from the i.Buenos industry, and the cutlarn is partly sold for of the Stoideshi movement, which Rods favour power or hand looma in India, where there with large numbers who do not conalexande a sompetition with band spon yarn and with position agitation or sudition. l'he policy pus importes English yarn, partly exported to sued by Las beat me in the profitable your foreign countries, Uhine being by far the 1905.6 of applying large sums to depreciation, largest onatomer. It is said that yarns of 10's of building up reserves, and of extending plant count are most remunerative, and after these sud machinery proves that the financial side of come 20's, which are chiefly spuzz for China con- the fadastry is not disregarded. With the home sumption. In recent years there has been a ten-aulavation of better varieties of cotton, with the deboy to produce biguer counts, and Bombay expansion of demand for yarns in Chius as rail ills, where such counts are chiefly spus, waya are extended, with the exploitation of new bare practically ousted foreign yarns up to 24's. markets for yarns and cloth, and with closer the following table shows the increase in the attention to the requirements of the Indian production of yarns of both lower and higher market, there is every probability of steady counts (in millions of lb.)

development in both the spinuing and the weav Nos. Nos,

ing branches of Ludlia's greatest manufacturing industry.-Times,

Iu

boing cultivated in Biber. Somon HUGVOES has been achieved with Egyptian cotton,

1 to abore Total, bat last year the plants suffered from boll-

25. 25. and both quality and yield fell short of Average 1898-7 to 1900-1. 42$ 21 4440 anticipativas. Owing to the liability of exotis

1801-2 to 1905-6., 7.399 577% varieties to deterioration and to attacks from | Yose 1906-7

6814 492 6306 insect peste, some prefer to rely on the improve- In addition, about 20 million in were produced ment of indigenous cottons by hybridisation in Native states and foreign territory. and by carotul selection of good. Center Indian 1906-7 the impormed foreign yarns of Nos. 1 to cottons can at prosent be spun only up to 20's 20 amounted to only 25 milion-lb. Bad those and fluer kinds up to 42's, but the cultivator is above 25' to 81 milion 16. In recent years, not easily persuaded to abandon these inferior and especially in 1905-6, the business in import descriptious, insemuch as they provide a hardyed yaras bra somewhat inoressed, bathers can and paying crop which is readily. seld either in s ittle doubt that India will soon be able Indis or abroad. The Indian manufacturers at apply her own needs in yarns up to 40%. present require but little longstapled-cotton, though a small quantity is imported from Amerion for special purposes. A great demand has sprung up in recent years for Ludísu cotton- seed, which is increasingly popular as a cattle food and as a substitute for linseed. In the five years to 1899-1905 the exports of this seed averaged only 36,000cwt. In 1906-7 the exports had risen to 4,391,000owt.

THE DOMESTIC INDUSTRY.

The exact out-turn of the hatu-loeme cannot be ascertained, but some authorities hayo estimated that it amounts to twice or thrice the output of the mile. The handicrafts, however, are undoubtedly decaying, though very slowly. The efforts that are being exerted to extend the we of the fly-shuttle may, if emocenatal, alleviate the difficulues that are able to ensue from too rapid a decline in the production.

INDIAN MILLS,

The mill industry has made steady, but not remarkabla, progress in the tesì 20 yeara, as thé following figuren show :-

Mills.

No, of Capital, Spindles. Looms. 1883-6 89. {Re. 8,15,48,76012 1896-6 148 Rs. 12,41,40,210)

2,198,545 16,548

T £568183,852,011 37,278 | | Ba. 15,59,66,701 | 1905-6 2015

-5,283,834 52,281 $1,067,246 The potual capital is really larger, the precise amount not being ascer.Binable. One noticeable fact is the large proportion of rapes ospital invested, the bulk of the mills being in t hande of. Bhatties, Parsis, and other nativue di

the chief

THE CHINA MARKET.

to

HOW THE NAVAL OFFICER LIVES ON HIS PAY.

BY AN "No,"

followed. The generous amount of fo & mouth In the word-room mens the same routine is

it inquite certain that even the plea of hospitality is fixed by custom as the limit of a wine-bill, and will not excase an officer who exceeds it. But it is also as certain that anyone who attempts to soak" within that limit will find himself sub- jest to

reprimand. An ordinary battleship mers bill will run somewhat as follows, where a luxuries out of season. man neither stints himself nor indulges in soy

etc.), £2; messing, £3; extras and wine and Mess funds (band, library, furniture, games, moderate entertaining £3; servant and washing, 22. s balance is £5, which may be increased by whatever can be saved out of the £3 allowed placed. All ordinary mess entertainments are for luxuriosin which antegory entertaining is provided for by a special subscription included in mess funds.

honest," was able without any wearisome economy The writer, being a poor man and "indifferent

bile serving in a smart battleship whis: played to op is extrar, otɑ, down to a) a montu her proper part in the social life of Malta, and allotted &: a month through the paymaster to his outfitter. A £70 outfitter's bill was thus ele red off in a three years' commiselón without the loss being felt.

There may be two dozen man in the service It has been pointed out that under the present whose private incom a exceed £1,000 a year, and guiations an Army officer has no more pre-out of a mess of twenty, perhaps two bave nu spot of living on his pay than he had in the allowance of more than £100 from their people, of bis duties. It is satisfactory to turn to the sional £10 note on birthdays or st Christmas, past, notwithstanding the notable augmentation But the great majority rad along with an 40cm.

senior service and find that, with resonable evvuomy and yet in decent comfort, man can CHARLES DAY & CO., live without drawing on his "people" and without inaning into debt.

state that the wearing of plain clothem in privilege extended to uffour shore for exercise

And recreation

The dependence of India on the China market as its chief outlet for yarn bas beat a source of

As in the Army, so in the Navy the conditions much trouble and frequent loss, but also,"st

of life hare, become more strenuous in tes times, of large profits. At present considerably a decade. Of course, the "N.Q.”—to over 90 per cent. of India's yara experia are sent give him the title which he himself used-ia to Chine, where in addition to onrrorey and ways on day unless ho has asked and obtained other dilleutics they have to face the outboard he is in uniform, and the regulations still leave to be otherw.so engaged. While he is on tion of China's own yarns so far a matter of smail moment-and tue more serious competition of Japanese yaze, so that India has no longer practical monopoy in that ocuntry. Although | Jap.n has to obtain about one-third of hos

Taking the fleutenant as a representative supplies of raw sottos from Indis sue le making rank, he works in four watches" as a rule, great head nagar powers of production are and night are shared between the four watch his means that the twenty-four hours of day yet not greatly developedge has but 1,500,00) spindes no against indin 5,500,000-eping lieutenants, giving each of them mix but her business men are active and enterprising, bo uety, during which he must wear als belt and the cotton trade receives support from the and carry is telescope, keeping his eyes skinned Government and the largest banks. The net for the instant notice of any occurrence, be it so in parts of English, Indian, Japanse, sad great an the shoving off of an admiral's barge other action garas into China in 1905 were follows (in picule of 1304lb.);-

05: 21,837 1,646,846

English

indian

Japanese

Other

681,412

9,625

1905, 30,701 1,840,235 65,371 15,915

hanging up of his wasting in an unauthorised ing the flag or so small the surreptitious

place by the ship's cook's mate.

At sen his place is on the bridge, in supreme command as the captain's representative, and responsible for the mafety of the ship, And unless and until one has shared the middle Watch-my, approaching the Channel in a

It will be cbserved that the Indian businessNovember nigut with fine Wost-country

is nearly thrice as large as the Japanese. The drizzle drifting up from windward and a long former is indeed so large that no serious aswell aben, with a fishing fleet ahead spreading croachments seem likely in the immediate future, nets half a mile long, and a stumpy old sailing and it has to be remembered that with the ship trying to ont across the bows until then extension of railways a constantly wider demand one does not realise that watch-keping is zo for yarn is probable.

sineqnze and no pronio,

Our Heutenant has kept his watch, let us say. 4 the firal," from 8 trial breakfast by a quarter to nine, or he will P.. to midnight. He must

er at udant midshipman, master their special division of the ships company on deck. The rit is called, and causes of absence are in on, and each man is inspected, lest perchance vestigated on the spot. The ranks are opened Le be dirty or untidy or unkempt. The hentenant is a papable head-naree,

NEW MARKETS FOR TARN Apart from Cuins here has been hitherto no India. On March 31, 1967, the number of mills large market ubicad for Ludinu yarn, though had risen to 210, of which 172 were joint-stook/Paris, Aden, and Arabia have absorbed fairly not get AFY, Aincs at uine everything must be coneros. By that date there were 5,514,0yar or so there has been a marked increase in zoned off Divisions "oar friend and his doggie, considerable quantities. But during the last cleared up for divisions. When the baglori spindles and 9,467 looms in position. Nearly shipments to the United Kingdom, Turkey in three-fourths of the spindles ad fur-fifths of the looms pra in Bombay Presidency, where, and Egypt. At one time angiand bought nuch-1BT ection from Indis, but these pur Bombay City and Abinadabad centres of production. For ten years or more Boarcity of yarn is Earope and the inconvenience obases have dwindled; lately, however, owing to the Indian mills have been savjest to great and toss resulting therefrom, Inuiau spinners vicissitudes, owing to scaicity of tria hare been selling low counts of yarn to Lauds and famine in India in the earlier years of that stirs at prices higher than they could realize in period, and owing to war, interual trophies, India or China. The development has relieved

Divisious ever, the ship's company double aft factastions of excusege, famines, nod Japanese the critical situation in the Indian industry that abort, practical, and intelligible. After prayers to quartor-dook for,rayers, which are sensibly competition in the important thina market.

had arisen from the disorganisation and coq: things begin to more. If you are in a smart gestion of Far Eastern markets, sibly the ship of a smart fleet, you have to fight daily for sheapues of yarna, due to stagnation in these your reputation, for every "evolution" is timed. marketa, has had something to do with the now on bond the Angship, and the order of merit in decisud from Engaud At the same time signaled to the foot with appropriate and experts hold that oarse Indian yarns (Nos. 4 to energetic comment by the "old man." 16; wenld havé a large sale here were remedied. In the Levant Indian yarns

INDIA AND LANCASHIRE MILLS.

osrtain defpots

dearer, and skilled labunr is scarce. Moreover, have saterod into sctive composition with dagship's yard-arm and are broken into orders,` i

'INDIAN WEATING,

The Ledian mills have an advantage over those of Lancashire in that the raw material is prodnood at home, so that irighis, commis sions, and other charges are met diminished, Bat they have to pay more for machinery and stores, interest on capital is higher, the in

So, as the little bundles oreep up to the the directers often lack technical and com Italian and other European yarns, whion The bugles biare out "General quartere," er tlery in a tones milence precoding pandemonium, mercial experience, with the result that business are in demand by hand loop wearers and is sometimes ill-organizsa, But, is spite of knittare. Indian high grade yarns are now

"Ost note," or "Exercise action" there is s wild stampede of all bands to their stations, s drawbacks such as these, the industry pron great request for forward delivery stampede that hides is preconcerted and ordered gressing, and more attention is being given to throughout Turkey, praticularly from Syria. souvity; and two minutes later there is silence weaving. Mille are largely equipped with new In Iu6-7 the sports to Turkey were. installations have been put into many of them. This year about 27,000 bales of Indian jarn headlong into the fore barbette, where his twin and up-to-date machinery azt electric light 5,659,45016., as against 3,267,28015, in 1905-6, gain, denoting that every man is at his post.

Mesutice par lieutenant his probably dived Complaints are sometimes muscle of the excise have been shipped to the Levant and Europe, 12-inch guns live. He has counted his gan's daty on cotton goods, but this duty yielded while forward sales of 30,000 bales have been rew, found the second captain to be on the only £181,000 as compared with £580,000 booked. The receipt of repeat orders proves sick lint, and appointed a substitute. He and produced from imported cotton goods in 1975-6, that the yarn has been a success. It would the engineer-lieutenant have teated valves and and the progress of the Indien weaving in

achieve a still greater success if it were more ironits and contacte, got the hydraulic pressure dustry in spite of the duty. shows that the

evon and regular and always up to the sample. on, seen that the ammunition party are burden is light,

In addition to seeking new outlets abroad standing by in the magazine, and foally made

the report Indian millowuars have come to see that wach

Fore barbette all ready, siri"! more of the yarn they produced can be pro- may not be an hour's "stand easy" before hanch Kau so the Toranoon goes. There may or tably woren late cloth for home or foreign at noon, bat there will almost certainly by some corenmption, and it ie for this purpose chiefy bage to inspect, to ensure that Tom Berline, that gher counts are being spus. At pres at A.B, has really at last got expert who has recently written on tale the home market is dominated by Lancashire clothing complete. Or be may have to attend his supply of under- rubject demonstrates that five or six times a cotten goude, the Indian piece goods being too defaulters," that daily petty sessions where may hands are needed in ladian spinning milte, coarse for the majority of purchasers. O long-soffering commander investigates "per- and three times sa many in wearing sheds, to quently such gooda find a market to large following table, modified from a table in the and other countries washed by the Indian good order, and morals. Then, nominally at produce the size result as in England. The extent in Arabis, Aden, East Africa, Ceylon, Bully and publicly, and in the presence of the noonger and accused” all branches of discipline, recent report on factory labour in Irais, brings Ocean. For a time it seemed that British sot noon, but really at 12.30, so as to give him a out very clearly and forcibly the relative productos, especially grey goods, were losing ground lood-time, he goes on watch again r tive capacity of English and Indian workers in India, little progress being anllest

four. England. India.

the 15 yeara saded 1903, but since that date the first dog" and "second dog,

The routine of watches is varied by means of Operatives per 1,000 spindles |--42

an ordinary grey, white, and coloured goods have all forged wich is four hours, and usually four officer ahead and broken past records, Opointives per 160 tooms

Apart from British goods the mills suffer to a slight extent recur daily were not the 4 to 9 pm watch share the watches, so that a man's duties would Annual cultarn of yarn per

operativo

from the competition of European and American hatred. The balves are the dog watches, and *** 7,786, 4,000lb. Weekly outturn of cloth per.

pottens of particular varieties, such as American this arrangement shifts a man's watch forward oporativa

167yds. 240yds. drills and dyed goods from Italy, Buzurland, by one step each day. Thus our lieutenant gets

COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF LABQUK, Some years ago the competition of “* brown," } labour was one of the bagbears of trade unioniem in this country, owing to the institution of orude comparisons between the w. ges eyble-sid the hours worked in Ausna'aat K-Jagliano vyspersyjny,

An

Iza

2.2

Indina waght to English per hone, per spindte.....

I

Average spproximate counts

Ps,

一

W

Working pours per week ** 554

bt

Working hours per year

2,775

4,120

Rs.70 R13

B.72 Be.15

Monthly wages për operative..

(spinzing)

**

Monthly, wages por operative

(Hosting)...

and Germany. Still more affective in remoter one night a unaisturbed sleep out of four, and ap-country distriote is the competition of haad is on duty one afternoon out of four. Roven gode, the coarseness of whisk in aloud Ten shilings a day-184-10s. per ausum, for by their superior durability. Although lese Income-tax-that bss bean the lieutenant Indian mills cannutespect for a very long period pay any time this hundred years. And he lives to produce goods equal to those of Manauesser, on it. their looms are madenbtedly now producing. cloth that conid not have been woren five years telling, of the hostess welcoming two small There is an old yarn which may bear ra sgo, and the upward tendency is marked by midshipmen who appeared as sole represents. Moreover, while spinning has been-subject to { tives of a gun-Inom mers, "How do you decide

4

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Well packed, Free to your home, 23/5.

We are

Letter Orders receive thoughtful attention. Trouble is taken to most customs" wieben. You have seen our advertisement for years; write us and say what we can do to you. here in contact with the markets and SUPPLY AT LOWEST RATES TO PEOPLE IN CHINA. Why not for you? We have been in business 50 years and only tean mit Rəlis ble Gooda; have an enormous stook, Sell for Cash, direct from the looms at makers' prices.. We can help you. WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUES, FREE! FRSE!! {EL, 1857 SAML. PEACH & SONS, Mauufacturers, B 091 NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND, PRICE LIST may be obtained at the Ofice of this Paper, Fres on Application. · 1490

NEW

WATSON'S

TRADE MARK

LABEL

FOR

E" WHISKY

E

QUALITY

TRADE MARK

WATSON'S Scotch Whisky

VERY OLD LIQUEUR

Aswatson G

MITED.

HONGKONG CHINA & MANILA,

ESTABLISHED

A.D: 1841.

NOTE: THE BORDER AND TRADE MARKS ON THE LABEL ABE IN GOLD; THE LETTER "E" LITHOGRAPHED IN BLACK, IS ALSO SHADED IN GOLD; WHILE. THE THREE CENTRAL LINES WATSON'S VERY OLD LIQUEUR BOOTCH WHISKY LITHOGRAPHED IN RED; THE OTHER PORTIONS OF THE LADEL ARE IN BLACK. THE CAPSULE ALSO BEARS FACSIMILE SIGNATURE.

ARE

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