1907-10-01 — Page 5

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*THE SALT OF SALTSP

Abbey's Effer Salt

Vescent

Abbey's Salt,as a beverage, makes a delightfully cooling and tonic drink.

19

Abboy's Salt, as a medicine, aids digestion, keeps the Bowels regular, touches up the Liver and tones the Stomach. Abbey's Salt, by making a bad Stomach good, keeps the whole system in perfect order. Try Abbey's Salt, and you will probably regret you did'nt know about it sooner. Sold in two sizes by all Chemists die Stores, and by Watkins, Ltd., and A. S. Watson, tai Hong Ko

The Abbey Fruit Saline Co., Ltd., 144, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.

385.5

THORNE'S

OLD VAT

15. VAT WAS STARTED BY THE LATE ACÉLSZ TEDENZ OF GREENOCKAND HAS BEEN SOIDAS N'A SINCE IĐài

TILE EVOLUTION OF HONGKONG.

[Written for the Daily Press.]

As a Colony Hongkong had its ostal day on the 26th of January, 18, when the Uniou Jask was officially raisel' on the spur forming the western boundary of Taipingatan, as well as on the Pak. This was in accordance with a circular issued six days proviously by Cipt. Charles Elliott, Her Majesty's Plonipotentiary, informing all British subjects that arrangements had been made between him and the Imperial Chinese Commissioner Kishen that the Island and Harbour were veded to the British Crown, bai that all just charges and duties to the Empire upon the sumere carried on there would be paid as if the trasis were conducted at whampon.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1ST, 1907.

confirmed on the throne in 1640, a series of years simpsod before tranquillity was restored to the empire. Those avents, combined with the establishment of Courteen'e association," originally promated and conducted by Captain Weddell in 1635, - accompanied by hostile proceedings at Canton, in which they were followed by the Dutch, who likewise opposed the Portuguese trade at the moment when the power of that nation had been greatly reduced in the East, made it impossible to presente with any prospect of queens the trade either with Canton, or China generally."

Then, of course, followed the civil war at home, which redased to the lowest the finance of the Company, and rendered it powerless to undertake any new schemes. A letter from oue of the Company's agents, still at Bantam, is interesting from the light it throws on the con- ditions of the periol. "The experiment wLich The hoisting of the dag was, however, you desire we should mike with one of our smsil only the penultimate not of a long series of vessels for trade into Chim, we are certainly evants, which may be said to have.comm meid |informed by those who know the present as long ago as the year 1615, when the ship state and coidition of that country vary London despatched by the East India Companywell, cannot be undertaken without the arrived in the month of July at Mac 10. Prior to this the Company had traded with Japan, where on the island of Hirado near the Goto Islands it had established a. factorý, It had also made attempts to opise a trade at Amog hu had met with but little sucesss. Th, time was not propitions at home the entry was in

the thross of revolution, and in China the Ming

dynasty was falling, the present Manchurian rulers were rapidly consolidating their power,

and the entire const was in a state of turmoil.

Up to this time the Portuguese had been the ouly European nation who had any es ablished

trade with Chius. Is 1823 the Dutch had

attempted to wrest from them the monopoly of the trade and hid attacked the Portuguese

settlement at Masas, but had bem repulsed. The Dutch then attempted to fonad a station of their own in Taiwan in Formos, and for a little time were mccessful; but intrigues and divided counsels, and want of support from sad-quarters in Batavis, as well as the growing strength of the pirate Koxings, afterwards taken into the Karrice of the new Mangbu Dynasty, in the ond led their effect in erushing out the Datch. An agreement Jiad been meanwhile come to between the English Dutch to tradsin comamun,

Inevitable luss both of ships, we, and goods; for as tha Tortars overrub and waste all the loland country, without settling any govern ment in the places which they overcome, so some of their grant man in China, with a mighty feet at sea of upwards of 1000 sail of great ships (as is confidently reported), rob and spoil all the

a cosals, and whatsoever vessels they sa mot

with: and how one of our feeble vessels would is easy to be supposed. As for the Portugals be able to defend themselves against such forces

in Mamo, they are little better then mere rabels against their viceroy in a, having lately mae dered their cap'ais-gang' sant thither to them that they are dily spilling one another's blood. and Macao itself so distracted an oust themselves, But put the case, all these things were other wise, we must needs sy, we are in a very poor ditionis ek out now discoveries, while you will not albw us factors, shipping or silors, scares half sufficient to maintain the trade airely you have on foot, and therefore the Dutch but laugh at us, to see us meddle in new undertakings being hardly able to support the old.".

The excitement and suppressed indignation ander which the writer was evidently labouring

enormous distance, and the absence of any hitler means of communication than was diforded by sailing vasels; and qua of the conseques was that from that period there was an abspace of "touch" batween the Council at Surat and the Committon of Sapercargoes'in China.

In part this was endeavoured to be remedied by the employment in the trails of the Com pany's own ships instead of the country "ships engaged at high freights at Bantam, but the Council at Surat conceiving that the solo y riva 'tre of tinir intercourse with Chinx was trade, and ucable to comprehend the calm indifferencs, with which, up to at least the end of the 17ch cantury, the warlike Manolas regarded trá·35° and traders, lustruotes their superorg Jes to submit to any indignity and excțion rather than by protestations endanger the stoppaga of the trade. Following to its lagi. Umate conclusion this line of argumset it refused to consider, or even beten, to, the well founded remonstrances of those on the spot. which it affected to look upau as an in ligation of a warlike spirit. Of course, there was some arcase for the Company deuring abiva all things not to be involved in political missler, Which would sooner or la er nicità te the employment of forms. This had already resulted in their enforced assumption of political rule in Inlio, & state of alf sien if recognize) could not be with any prospect of sas coms be repeated in Chius, where the contral power was

strong.

The Committesat Canton, with the experience to all the whims of the individual oficials gained ou the spot, saw that a tante submission

with whom they had to come in contact could only result in exciting contempt, and represented this to the Court, which in its self-inspired Up to the commencement of the eighteenth witou rejected the statement as importinsat entary the Hoppo in person used to visit the ships on their arrivals and make arrangements for the'r discharge, but n'hout this time an attempt was made to ocate a monopoly in favour of our man who was to be called the Emperor's merchant it turned out that the Emperor's marohat was a min of straw, and wholly unible to provide the necessary foods, whereupon on a complaint to the Chi-fn the man was displaced, but not until he had exacted a squeeze of some six thousand taals per ship.

officials, and from that time the business was directed to march sats selected by the officials, who alone were permitted to des in foreign goods; and this practise finally grew into the. hatetai Hong System. Gradually all inter- course with the authorities direct was permitted to spss, and the Hing Morchants by came tho sale median of communication between th Company's fautors and, the Chinese Govern. ment

SCOTCH WHISKY Baptist and Devesh in italien Cathy but is a mathieut explanation the copies, ty

SOLE AGENTE IN Z

HONG KÒNG, CHINA & MANILLA. A. S. WATSON & CO,LTD.

1207

NIGHT STEAMER TO CANTON.

S.S. SAN CHEUNG. New Twin Euren Steamer, Capt. J. MOGINTY, Leaves Hongkong for Canton at 8 P‚m," on MONDAY, WEDNESDAY AND FRIDAY.

Leaves Canton for Hongkong at .30 ..on TUESDAY, THURSDAY & SATURDAY.

-$3 single passage

$1 each. ALSO

Fare 1st Class Meala

SPECIAL EXCURSIONS: TO MACAO on every SUNDAY Leaving Hongkong at 9 A.M: Returning from Macao at 6.30 PM. Fare 1st Class $1.50 single passage

2nd

1

$0. 40

3rd M Meals $1 each.

Servants' pasmges must be paid for.

CHEUNG ON STEAMBOAT CO., LD,

No. 222, Des Voci Road Central. Hongkong. 19th September..1907. 1527,

MARTIN'S

APIOLASTEEL

& Preneh Romany Bow all Iresentanssian

VIRBU

-Jens Hen Di kay Lorsɛstarity of the Kyai me a Musly kong mang ba meministared. Thom why not them Pontasmend them,bere

MITSUB

63

ITSUBISHI GOSHI-KYAISHA (MITSU BISHI CO.) COAL DEPARTMENT MARUNO-UCHI, TOKIO.

Cable Address, "IWASAKI," which applies to all Branch Offices. A1 ABC 5th Ed., Western Union Codets used

All Letters Addressed :

MANAGER MITSU BISHI Co.

with name of place ander. BRANCH DEFICES:

out their share, ant this-i-ad-tood the Boglish to aut altogether on their own account. At first an offort was made to work with the Portuguese, and fix the headquar'ors of the trade at Micho, Partly from jealousy of the new comers whom they esteemed little better than interlopers, and partly because the authoritis at Macao feared to incur the displeasure of their Chine hage, the Captain and Supercargo found their visit made unpleasant, and Captain Waddell determined to take his ship up to Canton. When he arrived at the Boyne bis further progress was forbidden, and fire opened onthe London, Frobably well informed as to the reason, which seems to have ban the unauthorised action of the lower officials, Captain Wed tell boldly bombarded and siloned the Torts and went up to the anchorage at Whampos where the ship anchored. The conequsnes of his action was that he received an avitation to an audience with the Vioaroy, who received him with honour, and in a friendly spirit; and agreed to the English ships being permitted to trade on the same terms as the Portuguese. There has alwa s existed an in- clisation to look upan Captain Weditell's action ttle better than that of a free-booter, and the Viceroy's attitude as dictated by fear. There is, however, no real reason to suspect the Viceroy as other than sincere.

AR

Krammer but this nuvarnished racord girs never the less vivid idea of the conditions under which our trade with China had its beginning, and doubtlags in the long ran the memory of the helpless condition of the Eaglish Company its influence in increasing the haughty bearing of the Canton authorities. Helter times, however, were coming, and we flad the Protector Cromwell in 1654 entering into a treaty with John IV of Fortugal, giving on the part of each gation to the other free scam to all its ports in the East, but owing to the high- banded action of the Home Government in making the Company disgorge sa a foread losu 50,000 received as an indemnity from the Dutch, and a delay in renewing its charter, the Company was unable for the time to take advantage of the opening.

Still saxlans to carry out the project-of having a settlement of its own from which to arry on trade with China, the Company about this period assayed to open interesarse with Tongking, but met with even wors indignities than at Canton. In 1689 Amy, with which some trade still survived under the old regime, sabinitted to the now dynasty, and the Mad chus distrasting their Chines subjects, and themselves despising trade, made exclusion their fundamental policy towards foreign In the first place the Manchu authority had nations, while at home they did their best to not yet been established at Canton, and in the isolate each of the provinces from its neigh next thee in little reason to doubt that the bours. The old industri.s of the nation were resistance at the Bogue bad rally been brought discouraged, except so far as they administered about by Portugues) intrigue ac'ing on the to the luxuries of the conquerors, the rate military commander. The Viceroy was ap- permitted to fall into disrepair, and the mine, parently only too passed to utilise the English closed. For conye.ience sake foreign trade una as a counterpoiss to Portuguese pretensions, indeed, to be permitted at Canton, that being Exclusion of the Foreigner had never been the extreme southerly port of the Empire, but raised to a principle of politica under the Minge: it was to be distinctly impress d on the Ja 1622 we fi ad the Company consulting the foreigner that it existed only on sufferance, and in no way for his benefit Above all things the head of its Presidency, theu temporarily sta- tioned at Bantam, regarding the proposed Emperor at Peking was not to be disturbed by apening of its trade: Three things, is they references, and to effectually carry this out, reply, "are more especially made known Rato the world. One is, the shundant trades it affor, detb. The second is, that they admit no stranger into their country, The third is, that trade is as lift unto the valga-, which in remote paris they will set and accommodate with bazırd of all they have..

"In these three considerations it is easily con- caired how and where intercourse with that nation is to be expected for it requireth no mome care than to plant in some convenient place

be handed over the superintendence of the whole to a special commissioner quite inde. pendent of the provincial authorities, who was allowed his own separate staff, and was responsible to the Emperor direct.

We with our accumulated expirience can ses that such an arrangement could not be permanent, but this was by no means equally evident at the time; and in any ewe the condnet of the English and Dutch Companies, let alone that of the Portuguese adventurers who swarmed

The umial course of praesking' at this time on the arrival of the Company's ships in China waters was for the Supercargoes to proceed, to Macao to ascertain how saics stood at Croton, if they found they ware satisfactory, the ships proceeded to the Bogus, where some of the Hoppo's officers came on board; whereupon the Supercargoes annonaced their intention of call- ing upon that officer, whosa rule admitted them willingly to a personal interview, After the usual compliments a series of bargainings want on, and regular articles were proposed anil agreed to on both sides. The trade was so be free with whosoever thor chose. They were To bo at liberty tommploy what servants they liked. Each side was to panish its own people in accordance will well established custom. There were to be no embargoes put on the purclass of stores, Goods not sold were not to ho obarg, d with duty." Their boate with an officer on board and flying the flag were not to be molested, and no personal search were to hạ made, The Hoppo would protect them against any attacks from the people and from illegal exactions on the part of the other Mandarins, who were not to be permitted to meddle with the ebips or traders. The stipula- tions were formally agreed to ench season, and the ships were then armitted to go on with their trading.

It will thus be seen that as the Manoliu rola.

continued in its primitive state of efficisney, oxcept that the agreement kad to be made anew each season, there was little to complain of, The treable commenced with the occassion of the dark and suspicious, yet withal weak prioce Yangsheng, the author of the celebrated “Amplification" of the Sacred Edict, with the reapționary precapte. Advantage bad bean taken of the accidental shooting of a boy by a petty officer of one of the ships to lory a pre- posterous squeeze, and this having been weakly paid, the next encroachment was to send a petty oficial on board to take atcok of the guns, small arms, and powder. The affair was stoply

16

NAGASAKI MOJI, KOBE KARATSU hither they may come, and then to give them in the China Bas, was not such as to induce the try on"; the officer came, looked at a few

SHANGHAI, HONGKONG, &

HANKOW..

AGENCIES:→→→

YOKOHAMA M. ARADA, Esq. CHINKIANG: Messrs. GLARING & Co. MANILA MOSER MACONDRAT & Co. SOLE PROPRIETORS of Takashima.. Ochi, Shineet, Namasets and Kami Yonunda Collieries, and also. Hojo Colliery, which will shortly be ready to produce on a large sesle the best Buzen Coal.

knowledge that you are planted."

From the beginning the idea of a settlement, where trading could be carried on without molo station with the mainland of Chins had been familiar to the Company, but the trouble was where to find it. The Dutch had for many yours sought permission to trade directly along the coast, but disappointed with their want of

place not inconvenient in aspect of nearness, hut a barren haven, on open road, and iungon. venient for shipping. Yet, it goes on to say, "should wə shew'ousalves to trade there with the Dutch, it should be guarded with those diffi- culties and infinito charges, as if it were a silver mine."

oficials who represented the Chinese Emperor to place any higher estimate on the Powers that lay behind than on the balf civilized races whe lay around, and whom ther had conquered almost without a struggle. We have perbags been more diffuse in our description of the early condition of our intercourse with China than the occasion would seau to warrant. On the other

guns laid out on deck, and the leat ground was

never to be recovered.

The Head and Branch Offices and the sacoess had settled down ou Formosa; "a hand the causes that Frought about modern and with dificulty meds their way to the Yamon

Agencies of the Company will receive say order or sale produced from the above Collieries.

T. MATSUKI, Manager, Hongkong, 8141

No. 2, Pedder Street.

CANTON,

ISITORS TO

Should purchase FROM HONGKONG TO CANTON, BY THE PEARL RIVER."

CAPTAIN C. V. LLOYD (8.9. "FAT HAN With Illustrations, Maps and Plus.

Price........... $1.9

-On Sale at

BY

Hongkong: "DAILY PRESS" Offer,

Messer. KELLY & WALSH, Mesura, H. BREWEL & Co. -Canton: Messrs: A. S. WATSON & Co-

Hongkong, 4th October, 1905.

enditions are bon long continued, and deep seated; and to rightly understand the conduct of hoth parties, native and foreign, during the threscnturies of what may be called incubation some notice must be taken of anterior events.

With the renewal under the Great Seal by thị - Protector Cromwell of the charter of the mast It was to cat the gordian knot that Captain, India Company, a little more lifes ems to have Weldell made his bold attempt to enter into been infused into the languishing trado. At relation with the ligh officials direct; commer this period the Company's headquarters for its cially the visit was not a sucess owing largely Far Eastern trade was fixed at Bantam in Java it would seem to the obstacles placed in the way close to the Straits of Sunds, where both

by the Portuguese, who refuel to permit the English and Dutch Companies had-factories. supercargoes to live on abors, and the Company In August, 1682, the Dutch captured-Bantam, ever fimid about entering on new enterprises did not for some line repeat the experiment, and the Company had perforca to transfer its Bat meanwhile the entire aspect of affairs was headquarters to Surat in India. This was by ne changed. “Although the Tartar dynasty was means so favourable a site on account of the

From that time the inferoonse was of the most unsatisfactory nature; in 1729 the chargeri having been arbitrarily raised to tou per mint. the Supercargoes remonstrated, and deterin nod as under the old regime they had been authoris ed, to see the Tsingta, whom by 4 strange alliteration the record calls the Jaontock. They wore ordered out of their chairs at the city gates, herd they were told they could not be admitted as they did not have their linguist. They par- severed, and after waiting a considerable time saw the great man, who directed them to hand their petition to bi secretary, and then without it, told them they should deal with the pararehans and pay their dues. This some to bave been the last interview, for the tary appeared who roundly rated them, and tobl next time they made the attempt only the cre them that in fare they must address them- selves to the clings, On their fidly re- monstrating, and suggesting that the abness to which they were asked to submit might oblige Company fo abandon their irade with Canton, he told Chem plainly they might golf they pleased; other ships would come," and called their complaint troubling him with a trifling affair.

[To be continued]

JAPANESE

YEBISU

WEER.

SAPPORO

ASAHI "

AND A NEW BRAND OF SPECIAL LIGHT BEER PEACE

IDEAL AND WHOLESOME.

Each Brand has obtained the highest AWARD at International Exhibitions

"The largest dmund-in the whole of Japan. Quality-speaks for itself. PRICE. EXCEEDINGLY MODERATE.

Hoogkong, 12th August, 1907.

THE MITSUI BUSSAN KAISHA, SOLE AGENTS.

Have You Considered

how very many seriets illnesses develop from small ailments? The digestive and secretive organs become slightly deranged, and unless the cause is removed, the trouble becomes aggravated, and lasting sickness is almost certain to follow, The secret of good health is to right the wrong in its early stages, and no better corrective is known than

BEECHAM'S PILLS.

By their specific action on the stomach, liver and kidneys, they assist those organs to perform their proper functions, and so restore normal condition.

Don't wait until you are really ill, but when you feel out of sorts, take REMEMBER BEECHAM'S PILLS, the handy remedy of the home. that in taking BEECHAM'S PILLS you are not trying an experiment. They arz, and have been for many years, the only Family Medicine in immumerable healthy homes. With a box of BEECHAM'S PILLS bandy you have a ready relict without risk.

Bold at all Drúg Storas and by all Medicine Vendors in China;

......in bukas, price B¿d.....1, 17.dvd_2/9,

Exshaw's Brandies.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

PRODUCE OF FRANCE

JOHN EXSHAW

NOI BRANDY

All my labels are signed

Johulashauz

Messrs. John Exshaw & Co. have

announce that in order to protect

the public against Imitations of their

well-known No. 1 Brandy they have

adopted the label herewith shown.

From October 1st, 1907, all Shipments of

JOHN EXSHAW No. 1. BRANDY

will bear this label-

PRODUCE OF FRANCE

JOHN EXSHAW

REGISTERť int

N°I BRANDY

All

my labels are signed Johulishanz

1009