1907-01-19 — Page 9

OBSERVATIONS IN THE FAR EAST.

[By Sir Charles Eliot, K.C.M.Ó.,

Bestminster fuzett

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, JANUARY 19cm, 1907.

has come to the not altogether unnatural conclusion that Christianity is a part of in European polities, not a detached system, like Buddhism. But it does believe the Powers of Euros when their every action says, As long for unarmed ratious, and it is patting the manage into practics.

works of

There is grout talk in China at present of as wo exist, there shall be no safely in the world their ancestors. But like the Tai had they been written siphabolically the lang. bott in schools aud variona branches of the public

reforme and Reposentative Government, Boards and commisioners are appointed to study foreign constitutions, armies, and systems

<ficial

bald the

qually ousting it altogether. It Doticeable.

able, too, Chian Passports are unknown, and people can

about three hundred. We do right to, writing, which anitzletes not only space hat I At present the Japanese olearly desire to emphasise the conserratiam of the Chinese, time, for sines oach Chinose hieroglyphic undertake the political and military education their veneration for the past and their represants a single ites which the reader of Chine, both by rodeiving Chinese students in couviction that modern foreign inventions cau pronounce according to the fashion Japan and by training the Army and Navy in not possibly be superior to the wis lom of of his dialect, it is possible to read the China. Their efforts have met with considerable

remembering this,

Confucius in moders Chinese though success and there are many Japanese instructors, we must not los sight of ping rehallion. For foortse years from 1850 uage would be na tifferent from modern Chinese Barrico, Japanco-journals-complacently The old Chinose, troops were incredibly bad,

Mill 1866, an adventurer of indifferent charasti no Anglo-Saxon is from modern English that the mission of Japan is to civilian not only in had the

the southern "and contral part of Chius of education. Everyone is reporting on A reunaber weeing a determinat is Control against the Government, Ansl, but for the Chiens who always hautes y boleh like the China, but Aain, and p

Among intensely literary like the China, but Asia, and point to the employment

Even if of

They obviously have Empire seem likely to turn into living Blue-effeto and weakly in physique, without dissipline, assistance rendered by orden, who trained

they do not possess it the axistence of a com

common many advantages which Europeans can never books. I was not sure that all this indicates a and carrying or inedieval weapons; some had and led the imparist troops, he would probably writing and a common literature religious us obtain. They understand the Chinese character real desire to do anything, for I have been on

anmsteldecks suna battleszes..

And

have guesseded in establishing Simsolf but bannars

a well 119 secular, is a matter of no little mement. betior, and the masticated food which they s I know tint the

ware' aceti more numerous that 87004 The rival of the Manchu dynasty, or, indeed, in Also there are no inws restricting movement in servo qut is more digestible to the Chinese tokiog for a report on a question is i

Taminations for the Army were equat this

stomack than orade European riauds. But, on ust rid of it

When I was a reader of the antig

antiquated, for the candidates were selector

ia adventurer me to have

ase besa

and do go who over they please ta pursuit of the 'her hand, the Chinese ban for British Exolan-Gemmtinople it theading to their skill in archers Been-ic-inspired by some distorted form of Christianity. thei

their business. Then, agsin, it. is - rale-of-centuries-maintained-towards-the-Japanese-AIT Customs

roter fraublesome matters whenvise it! this the standard was not very high. At least a fact which did not binder the people from Chinese administrations that an olleial can attitude of superiority, an attitado founded on was possible to his Majesty's Consal-Cineral at there is a story of a Gaaoral who, in an hour of following him. No doubt in the Boxer movement never be employed in his own provines, but un substantial claim a doubl, but stil, part of Bagdad. It tooked as if a thorough inquiry wam

wam perit,

invoked the aid of

of the

hostile wwd

to the dynasty, and took pains to con. satire. This mer of the business for two months at least row

ciliate it. Chius arcording to the univerṛl

and familiarises poop's somewhat similar motivee MISS M ends Biberal busy to attend, said. Fat he haul

which provide the necessary mechanism with the idea that.

Henco Chips out is not provincial presents the minded official to Europe to make a carefulnud account of the peculiar extrem de had for the

on "pectuole of prolonged atly

of our

Gomerul. The General asked how to had been rindspiracy such as the celebratód¡ ¿ponicus mass of humanity held for thre our institutiona

ociety and tho Kolun Soriety, which very loose political ties, but cemented by commen There is, however, no

ever, no doubt that a conviction so fortunato as to secure this good spico, for dearish, although membership is a' capital rustems and traditions to which the people spreading, or has spread, all over China that he knew he was not thang wuch of in military

are deeply attached. This feeling is intenso the

Expire in its present stu

Istute cannot cop with Pircles. In the daye when you pruetimod

Author pronliarity of China is the loose and bred in the boat. So far therefore. Eneages, and that cuticul

skrages are kipora. archers," replied the Target al,yen never

cohesion between the different parts of the it

auperior dive for the saticual rofely.

transitory ef hart me. satt 3 have plony's heel grateful Empire and the want of organic nity. The fervescence of à chaugs are

cational sentiment.

But now being made in more than que

1 quo sphere,

provinces are not limbs ucved in ordination reves wanting in passion. It has not the glow are likely to bear more solid fruit than the alk

depoiss when analysed prove to be a dema by now heat. It is a * commonplans that Asiatic of Japauess patriotism or of Mohammeden about Parliameals. One important aspret of

fanaticism. Heues, although we fid. Chinese the national life which is being revolutionised is

racy beneath an autocracy, but in China This national soutiment performing prodigies of education. The outward sign of this is the

eins to be admitted to some extent in theory prejalice, wade bat find it performing number of rebrothash in khaki

tanci

"The popletions may overcome Bational serup

God

of

toia instituted, and one was certain ta h or up; respons to his prazers Punze Him I the Government saw a force which might hooma must alwers sorto in one of which he is not a the national character. It is not, therefore,. use that the Dowager Empress has the Target God: the Son of War wag toestimony of experts, is full of secret societies piration nature roadors Heue Bale likely that anything like patronage on the parf

when

European capa with peaks in Froat, and

and their

CASNICE Amblic wes recruited and th

which the whole

to you.

appeared who

introduced him.

e

come on

offence.

for

any

www practice. Thus Hongus, second outs of calour. fors than this, prouiary dig to Confucius in

in authority, raid:

well

an

by

it.

But the ld stalo of things le rapidly passing AWAY. In mest large towns soldiers may be seen in busineralika khaki naiforme, pied from the Japanse with modern are and trans ments, but with more private judge of in the mutter of hats than military mentre went to

it any allow. The weak point of the new Army would are of the highest importance the gods come rate it the issue is not very direct. In 1900 zeem to be Aut

ant of uniformity and oentralisa- sroad; the sovereign is of lesser weight." Chinese coolies from Shantung were perfectly tin. The troops oro preetically raised and And this is not a mere phrase. The Govern- ready to work for the Allies, and it in armed by the Vicerage, and the remalt

It depends mer

that the. sume thing happpened in 1984. ck Viceroy's on reck

ment rarely try to fare distasteful messure and considers all Thix-the securrence of such rosa tester and willinguess to

+ CEST FIE, ANI CONSTAntly done in Rassiu

and Henes most paper statistics are spend money.

cuis as the Taiping sud one not infrequently hente of us

movements

bellies, the loo Father,

fr s statement of mere um dos publio spinión muerting itself in such ways system of

ent, sud the readiness to help not show how many al

who are fighting w Wanny Eruined EU+2. It was zutioned ux insisting on a cası a wonderful sign

decision.

q.

Jesmonis hora altered with their costume. This GR ven more in China than it wonki 180- schure Where. The old system of examinations w the embodiment of

of Chine

He respect for the It won the rows by

arenne to rank and position. It has now Leon abolished, and apparently come to an end without protest or diflculty. It

is trae that the change was mere abolition, which as tanier than the inductions of unw.levue mosellier, but still it shows that the Chines are capable of

their up. moet reuerabis ideals of giving Aud

prejudices. Though A new curriculum of teaching is in fores, no definito decision seems to have yet brow taken as to what shall replice the old examinations. It is mat tə be expected or wished that the principle of weiforms, and the

#

Bhiksi, the

oppreted

costume being, notions, almost

iceroy of Tinotsia, had

dis.

enacted

the itali

A succefully resisting an illegal tax or other terent, and the against Chinn the timen that Yuan.conscience is not retried, if the popular it is plain that there is something more th

safished with a magistrate's carerrutism in the Chinese character

On the other bad it is clear that if in some The such a uniform,

gerorumont of the provinces is supervised ways contact with foreigners acts as a to old-fashionad

by Viocroya who genovali hato tro integrating force, it

it has sometimes fle

opposite for a high official.

previcces nader thera. Provided they send effect and elle ist

iato operation the national Sama young offers are an asking if they regular and sufficient supplies of money to power of combination into guilts or sovietles shall not cut off their pigtails, which certainly operadout, and their prorogatire includes of this is the recent boycott

Peking they are allowed to be practically for a particular chjoat. A remarkable instance cott of American Remewhat oddly with their contrest

eir European

such powure as rebing troops and coining goods, which extended from Cauton certai

certainly ay pointing officers according to the merit shown for it shows a rend is not unimportant,

to abandona untinbal money, Fights which the central authority as for north as Suebow, muid perhaps further. in examinations should be abandoned, for it is castem which mighl Ect have bark expected. reserves to itself in most parts of the world. The United States Government had ingrained in the Chinese character guj/ Lo Though I think that Leary moral

Helow the Viceroys are guvernors of provinces, sovare regulation

restricting meses au evil, But at

tat present the exa

resprasibility rests with Europe fox

Tas-tals (or chief of elrommscriptions), and of Chinese in Califerais, and these halis are empty, and the templus of Co

for district magistrates. These last arathe officials were barably euforced, which is not strictly are descried, for their worebippers need to be dinit that there a poople, yet I,

gladly at least one good feature in

who are directly in coatset with the people. It reasonable, since the right of American citiz sempred mainly of those camo to pray for

the military movement- uumely, that it is would appear that there are less than 150 of

of to enter China is maintained. years ago of erly trained doetara

properly

them in the varions provinces, and if the such teens in the schools or foffer thanks for creating app to relieve the, Chinees of population of those provinces 18, as generaliv proceedings would have passed unnotic attaining & degree. We haved right to laugh and thus beginning

it is not the way

way of th Chinese Government at the old Chinese curriculum. It was

reckoned, about 380,000,000, it would seem that to that farrago of superstitions twaddle with bas

to protect

at the interests of its subjecte abroad. and not unlike the train

emel magistrate has to look after something But on this occasion the populare took op he training in Imtia verzo

The means of

of medical jurisprudencs have, however, as a rule, attached to our fathers' education, but it had at least the al prasnt in usa by coroners and othura WAN

to them a

a buy American goods until an amelioration of merit of

of being in Chiuse and not in a-dead- enmpoud in the thirteenth century, and teaches

number of candidates for employment, men The obscxions zak was ingslage The modern conise of studies such as as how to determine too relationship who have passed the prescriber examinations,

FRODISI One cannot help foaring that the systato of includes mathematics, geography, anatomy, of two people by mixing drops of this blood and still more the basis of runners and lietors who chief at the present crisis. The custom it

but. are waiting for T ́A VECANY, Theen, and

and bribery universal in China, may de much mis- Bed, in eo aer, English, In all the watching how the fluid bobavez schools which I visited wall maps and large

hang about a provincial Tamus, have a bad universal and not denied, though, of course, is tlingens of the humun boty were conspicuous.

reputation for

for squeezing the people and

and doing t is a right instinet which has led to this selection for the great fault of the Chinese mind is its proclivity to gross superstitions, which

NI

militariam on 8

is at

clusively literat formed so large a part of medici mong ibem as the science of like a quarter of a million people. Magistrates waiter, donbilees on suggestion, and refused to..

Those who are best acquainted with the East

ever happen there; that though disaators ar+ exually prophesied, the creaking machine still goes on, and neither collapset nor is improved, Still, I think that

ja on

the are

en a nation

of

ди

Tulina of

hd who are allowed to take foos, more than custom authorises would soon fud |

an

fficial

are generally of opinion that no great change little, hat aven if they offered effective sagiRuld not be manners to mention it. A Viceroy actually receitas about £1,300 a gear whoress snes, government by so few banda would his out-of-pookeet expenses probably amount to obviously be impossible witheat effective co. Betwood £.00 and £15, 0. The objection give thematison the airs of science, though

operation offered by

people

themselves. This

thu Byst-20 dors not

mainly ignoring all the facts of the subject with which change though bow great or Problem is solved by the instil

beade in is injustice.

The

value of every lay

hny profese to de: Such false sciences are

who are held responsible for the maintenance office, inclusive of these pertiuisites, is accurately Chinese medicine, and, above all, Feng Shui prose I do not presume to foreshadow. The Chinees are not like the Biobaromeda races

and good order within their boroughs known, and an official who should try to extort or geomatoy, the science of lucky and no lucky

of the

• mostly utrz bearer sites, It is not too much to say that the

Bagt who are

Also there himself in trouble. A more insidious evil is withi ordinary Chinaman takes magic for science, civilisati. On the

they receive no salaries. ingrained ha rad of European are numerous guilds or scieties formed for that 6

they and science for magic. The selection of n

of merebauts, with a key

eye to Casiness, and benevolent or religious purposes which undertake that every transaction in which

engages is regards suspicious sito for a grave, in nocordance with

garded by him a Viceroys | a great deal of the work that in other countries means of making money. Hoa o in many ways of great pliancy and adaptability would be dealt with by the sanitary or poor law, look to the punting of coins certain laws as to slopes, lavela, watercoD PREM,

and and wind, seems to him an operation as serious

Their aversikin to foreign methods is due to Schoo's are usually established by voluntary of troups as methods for fling their

*qa P080f and mathematically certain as the calculation

associations. of an selipso. But if Europeans predict from

The variety in customs which is inevitab and thers is a gent danger-na almost a sa 4xamination of the soil that miners will

[anything at the public expone il be freed in a certain district te believes that they have magic spectacles which enable them to see underground. Catil this mental vice in altered mooh progress in any direction is clearly

of Chinese life, except business. In moury matters there is ne superstition or disregard of facts.

the arrival of European they were always is their Irag isolation and to the fact that natil

contact with inferior racer.

Whatever Ware { ju an Empire of euch large extent is naturallyurtainty that when they have to

to take their commisio

impossible. It seems to affect every depurtisen Matcha instution altered the spoken though not the written languages iuforior articles which are not worth the

Au interesting fontare in this educational movement is that about 13,000 Chinese sindants

clined to dis of money and w

ura in.

important matters as Education and the that disruplite and contrifugal tandenoio, have by an explanation which is transparently unitus,

mau

invadors, whether they conquered or were only do usages diff-in rarions parts of Chins, not only by over-charging, but by buying the fortunes of war with this varions Tartar increased by this system of government. Not will endeavour

Chinesa vivilisation

tion nesiroffale

dod Bosquerad

and was not

prie are differout. There are at least sight ao-elled nom.

Conusoted with this la nominally paid. China, as the dialects, which are really languages as soparate the Chinese

of face," ar the risers which alt ввуз, і в нез

All the

saring and Italian, though the peculiar that flor into it. But

public as well us in now that

they realise French

MyBlem

stem of writing oblitersies the distintior face," which means that in ora weakness, as they aridently do in two between them. Lärir

aster or disgrace can be remore! private lift u di It my, fudead, bo wondered Army, there is no reason why their intelligents not been mare prevalent in the Empire, bat on Rantimaut and is as ptor by everybly

have but which makes appost to some traditional are ting trained in Japan gument. The thorough rings, be

is decal telion Thus, after the Boxer troubles, expense of the Chinese Government.

The example of

and be expected be cited with caution, is often

gator than might be expe

thong), il the professors of the Tokyo University say

Jupe should that

for the

to attribute disageroas

Chinamen

en from but they are intelligent and anxious to learn

are, and alanys have beat, very as they mostly belong to well-to-do families.

y different. Still, Canton, Szeiden, and Pking are

undoubt continged a ancosful contest, he preferred to it does justify one in thinking that the nations edly at Chisamen, very different fran other teaab! of moving from one palae in another. conclude peace and dapuro his elderly want the they have

The Chinese on the

of the Far Fast are capable of

of passing through

nations, and in comparison with those diferences After the Japanese war many parts of China other hand, complain that they learn more thau

chrysalia pariots of suspended activity and then

very like one auoller. The diversity of romained in ignorance of the dafont, and wars was bargained for, and come back

expanding into a new and different life. not merely advanced Radicals but members of secret that I see solar road open for progress and

But I would not wish to lears the impression language is counterbalanced by the identity of under the impression that span had been beaten. political sociatios. It is thought that the

reform in Chius. On the contrary, I foresou experiment will be discontinued so far as Japan fo is concerned, unt that the most hatch of all sorts of difficulties arising out of the politics! conditions of this singular country on students will be clistributed in various European which I will touch so my Chinese their Ietter, but apart It le remarkable, too, how many temples in from that, the

tmper of the China are being turned into schcels and lectures reassuring. They admit-at-last-that-they overwhelming conceit and self-compl cency. 18 ball. The popular conscience is not at all ass

must train from Farope, bat zonndalized by this wo of sacred buildings, which

thes wil by common custom are used as guest houses. probably soon think themselves, perfect at their lesson, and not be willing to fallow the Lectures seem to appeal to the Chiňere in mach

patient and thorough method tha theatres, and the entertainmont the same way

Jupiuose. is connoted in somewhat the same style, tore than the thoroughness of the training consists of a number of short discourses Insting re from in te twenty mientes, often illustrated

and business cy should not affuck w/ the whole the unity of nors and oustons Euperor was praised for his filial proty polititious of the two conatries | castom to Chian generally, stily particular becase when he mighat (as was asenned) have

countries.

Nothing in the history of Japan strikes me and preparation which they imposed on them selves, and the way they liest tried their haud the in'ervals. at war with Chino, and then. when they know their strength by practics, engaged in the ecutest with Russis.

by lautern slides or cinematography,

bande round in

is

Bectate which I attended was densely crowded. We began with something light to start us

well tarved

I posevelt and prominent ci izens, which were represent dynaty

cheerfully on our way-namely, a brief discourse To my last lector I spoke about the growing on Bring-wachiums, in which the orator festing in China that changes are neversary, but that the wings of his el quence, like thosealse indicated that though the tem, er of the of the engines de

to described. nere not strong people is on the whole favourable to reform, the nough for n a long fight, which was considered th of the reformer is by no mean smooth and a very

Then came a IOTA rved phrase.

is Bay. It

specially hard to forecast the future, serious oration on the constitutin of the United for the conditions which ialunce it, may States, illustrated by pictures of President the

themselves be sitered. For instance, will the Chinese idora of curved with roars of laughter and load personal loyalty aro peculiar, and have absolutely nothing

The third item was a lecture on criticistas.

in common with the Japanese aud Tarkish

particular European systems of insurance-a dry subject, notion of obedience dus to a but listened to with apparent interest.

On the contrary, there have boou about twenty The other most noticeable change is the draection since the Christian ere, and there is no pretence of continuity about the mosession. growth of a railitary epitit and the improvement no

the training and equipment of the troops. It a sovereigu can seize the Emporial Throne

by he will be

iu

។

use.

The Chiness, as opposed to their Manchu and Buccessful war or any other mead rule fires

obeyed by the people as long as his

Mong 1 conquerers, are not a military nation entisfaction, but it is a maxim that a raler has and it is rather excious that rekin should have como to be used in Freuch for a civilian or duties which he must perform, as much as

or rights which he can vivilian attire. There is to military aristor, the cosaics that Emperors o lose the

which he can enforce. It is

is written in wo ghamenr about the profession of arms, and no confidemen of the people lose the Empire, and Bghting spirit, Though the Manabas were act warlike race, in this, at father mattere, Chinone all the youth of China learn this saying. Now ideas have gained the

A live happer band, and the 16 anot be denfod that thors is at present

ept the position considerable dissatisfaction with the Manch to accept popular sentiment assigned to them. dynasty. It is trus that the difference i dwest But in the last few years the Clings have ozme Manchu and Chiness has ed to be seate

understand that they must be

to u

nation

The

is

to

military and that the Court very wisely do what they osa to minimise it in such ways as op nction. if they are to be an independent

Confuging Lought that

Chinese it

posts formerly reserved for Manches Qommon-sease of unworthy of a civilised people to keep away. Still, there is a general feeling that the landing army and argend enormen sums on a present rulers are not Chiners, and, further, maobins which is only rarely used; but now all that they have not managed the basiners of Europe cries in many languages. If you don'traling-sory well. There have been several learn how to sight I'd eat yon up. That is the prophecies of the downfall of the dynasty, which red Gospel of the West, The Far East does has already lusted 262 years, the life of the not take Christian missions very seriously. It longest dynasties since the Christian era being

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