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    {
        "id": 216548,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-001 - Sir Hug Cough-s China Military Correspondences - 1841-1843",
        "page_number": 32,
        "title": "CO129-001 - Sir Hug Cough-s China Military Correspondences - 1841-1843",
        "content_text": "\nEarn Freer \n\npeoples, I was glad to withdraw the hoops from \n\nthes Zughtful. \n\ndt \n\nfunction, \n\nwas a falacca \n\nthom \n\nIng position at the principat pretties the northern quarter of the City \n\noffices. following morning, \n\nG-var. \n\n・マーテ \n\ncntion and to \n\nworth of Spaces \n\nSilver \n\nand all the armis \n\ndelays d \n\n17. \n\nma de for \n\nosted abo \n\nThe \n\nOsur to \n\n1. 60000 Dollar \n\nfound in public offices, \n\nd arsenate discovered, were \n\nIt would \n\nappear that the Tack \n\nAm. \n\nsolder's did not calculate \n\nlx. \n\ngreat \n\nthe cupidity of our \n\nmovements and considered the city impregnable; \n\nnumber of thions who escaped committed suicides, after destroying the loss of life, has been therefore appalling. \n\nmay be said that the \n\ntheir families; \n\nHanschoo rack \n\nand it \n\nthis city \n\nis exterit. Its in all other places we have taken the respectable inhabitants have fled, as well as the local authorities. The subents \n\nthe \n\ncity, plunderers \n\nGre. \n\nlarger than \n\nabout is mite is in cis cumferences;- \n\nhen deeds from the Country bey populace, and such \n\nwhe ch \n\nflocking \n\nвъё \n\nthe \n\nizr. \n\nti \n\ne joined \n\nhave \n\nsystemati \n\nwhich \n\nrode of juoceeding, \n\nвклад \n\nis their \n\nthat in out \n\ninstance. ledge, they sex pic to both \n\nknow lede \n\nends of a sheet in the western suburt, where there Pawnbroker chop, umformly the frist \n\nLa J \n\nR \n\nlabe \n\nof pillage \n\nI in order to check all interruption; whites than \n\ncarmed off their booty by the side lanes. Jwas most \n\nanxies to put a stop to these prenes of devastation, but it would not have been practicable in to corde \n\nlabyrinth of streets and \n\nlanes, \n\nа \n\nwithout constant harassing exposure to \n\nthe troops, during \n\nthe hottest se \n\nLo M \n\nof the \n\nyear. \n\nCholer \n\nCholera has made its appro \n\nof the 19. Regument, die & this won \n\nof the same corps have been attacked \n\nseveral endan \n\nby the disease \n\nI propose to leave Major Germal Schoed de with bis Brigade here. Two Regements \n\nbluff height \n\nthe wor \n\nth \n\nthe \n\nand a detachment of Artillery will ou capry \n\nand smaller hill, which comm \n\ncommand angle \n\nle of the city walls, which have directed extensive, breaches to be made, and the whole live of parapet will be demolished; another the hill above the mouth \n\noccupy \n\nregemment coille of the canal an d opposite to the island of Minden, Sir Mr. Pucker leaving, a proportionated number \n\nof whips. With the remainder \n\nremanider of the force, Nankin. shall advance \n\n19. \n\non \n\nThe Man d'arvin, who has som \n\nhas \n\nagain brought as \n\nwe \n\nmaternal an cle \n\nfrequently visited us, joint despatch from Keying, \n\nto the Comperor, and Excepro, which to \n\ntogether with will no doubt be submitted bitter- \n\nhis \n\n2.09.2 \n\nMajesty's Plenipo tentary. It only \n\nme to express my torment approval of the conduct of the troops of all \n\nfor \n\nQ. \n\nwell Native \n\n& European, - all were animinated with \n\nfeeling of devotion, \n\nranks to incet \n\nwy \n\nیا مار رسمی \n\nCorrimen \n\nand the anxiety of all wishes has been most cheering. \n\nMajor Generals Lord Saltown and Schoed de \n\nAt Metanet Mon 19 \n\nthe \n\nried report. \n\n21.. \n\n必 \n\nunder them, \n\nfarmables of the assistance they served from \n\neveral Commanding officers, from their respective Brigand. \n\nHaft.",
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        "id": 216927,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-002 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "page_number": 135,
        "title": "CO129-002 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "content_text": "\nMen in that \n\nquarter \n\nshould be selected \n\nwith advertence to such a \n\nprecaution; \n\nand I had supposed that it would likewise be deemed expedient_ \n\nmuch stronger (than the Lymoon one) Fortification to the \n\nto have a \n\nWest \n\nof \n\nAe \n\nfity (beyond the Naval - Arsenal, Depôts, &c. ) to command \n\nthe Western or \n\nPrincipal entrance \n\nto the Bay of Hongkich. Der further had concluded, that in addition to the two Batteries that \n\nthe shore of \n\nat present exist on the Harbor and that \n\nDo \n\nKellett's \n\nIsland, other Batteries would be \n\nerected on such eminences, or \n\nspurs of the Wills running down to the beach from the main chain, as would \n\nto \n\nwould bring any refuel allemplars attempting into the anchorage- \n\nforce- \n\nher \n\nway \n\nunder several cross fires. \n\nHe Queen's Rood being intended. to run the whole length of the present; future, City, being fifty feet wide. and being always intended to be Kept in excellent repair, would, \"imagined, have afforded the_ ready means of both Troops and Gun's rapidly moving whole sea from one spot to another along the whole Sea face of the fity, to whatever points they might be wanted at; and in such an extreme case, the public_ \n\nas well as \n\nprivate buildings would, be, of course, appropriated for Barracks, or Hospitals, \n\ntemporary",
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    {
        "id": 221589,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-012 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 72,
        "title": "CO129-012 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "and at the same time to enlarge the flows of the rivulet which runs down the Valley. A road which had already been constructed along the western side of the valley, to serve as an approach to the Burial Ground, was advised to be continued to the building sites which will be created and opened out, at the same time that the locality is rendered healthy by the drainage.\n\nA plan for this purpose, \"The Drainage Plan\", drawn out by the Surveyor General, was submitted to Major Aldrich, and the enclosed reply was received. The suggestions of the Major were adopted, with the exception of the direction of the Road, which it was deemed preferable to carry to the south of the village, as more conducive to the object above mentioned, of opening out building sites.\n\nI have the honor to enclose the report and estimate for this service received from the Surveyor General, amounting to Dollars 2,970 for draining, and 1795 for the Road. As the approach of another hot season rendered any delay undesirable, the work has been proceeded with at once by contract, and will be completed in a short time, the command of labour being unlimited. This is one of the greatest public benefits that could be conferred on the island, and the last important improvement of the kind that will be required.\n\nIt will not only tend to render the valley healthy, but to surround it with suburban residences.\n\nAt the same time with the foregoing, I have the honor to forward a supplementary report and estimate for the completion of the road to Aberdeen (formerly Shek Pai Wan) for the approval of...",
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    {
        "id": 224583,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "page_number": 489,
        "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "content_text": "REPORT ON\n\nThe constant garden cropping—the deep green of the large rice plains, and the cultivation climbing the hills—give great beauty to the scenery. And at early morn, the singing of the birds in the groves; the murmuring rivulets through the valleys; and the fresh breeze from the mountains, enhance the charms of the landscape, and renovate the health of the debilitated resident of a tropical climate.\n\nWere Chusan a British colony, its hills and vales would be adorned by charming villas, rich orchards, and luxuriant pasturages. English town, with all the advantages of modern civilization, would become an example to the Chinese; and in the improvement of our own position, we should materially aid in the social advancement of the imitative nation contiguous to our shores.\n\nTinghae city, in length from north to south about 1200 feet, and in breadth about 1000, is surrounded by a stone wall of two miles and three-quarters in length, nearly fifteen feet in height, thirteen feet in thickness, surmounted by a strong brick parapet of four feet and a half high, and two feet thick, with small embrasures for matchlocks or arrows. The gateways, four in number, east, west, north, and south, are double, and placed zigzag as in India. The walls are strengthened by square bastions well placed. At intervals around the city, the wall ascends a steep mound, now called the Cameronian Hill (the 26th Regiment being encamped there after our first attack on the island); part of this hill is therefore included within the city bounds. A canal (see map), thirty-three feet wide by three deep, runs parallel to the city wall, about thirty yards distant, except on the western side where it ascends the Cameronian Hill, and enters near the south gate. The level space at each side of the city walls is covered with rice fields, almost continually under water, and of difficult passage to an invading force. The flat country around is a succession of rice fields, bordered with the lofty Barbadian millet, which rises ten feet in height.\n\nThe city of Tinghae is extensive, and, like all Chinese towns, the streets are narrow (about twelve to fourteen feet), irregular, and flagged with large slabs of different kinds of stone. Almost every street has a covered drain, which communicates with a canal. For a Chinese city, it is kept extremely clean; the houses are generally of one story, but the tenements of the richer classes are very extensive, and form three sides of a square, with a lofty wall in front. Sometimes there are two or three inner courts. The shops are numerous, and there is a minute division of employment. In many respects, there is a resemblance to the tradesmen of Europe; persons of the same trade frequently congregate in the same street or neighbourhood. The shops have a long and broad counter, effectually separating the purchasers from the shopmen, with a money-till at one end; there are neatly-labelled drawers, or commodious shelves, and back warehouses for the careful disposition of the goods; a reel of twine hangs from the ceiling, close to wrapping-paper cut of various sizes ready for use. Various articles of such goods as may attract the notice of customers, with the prices affixed on labels, are hanging partly on the outside, in some instances in such characters as are only known to the shopmen. Everything is sold by weight. Silversmiths in Tinghae now make spoons, forks, goblets, branch candlesticks, and various other articles of domestic use. The artisans are extremely expert. The tailors are excellent and cheap workmen, and to the English, are known by their respective cognomens of Stultz, Nugee, &c. The supply of every article of provision, including meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, fruit, groceries, &c., is most abundant, and not one-half the price of very inferior articles at Hong Kong, where, indeed, it is often impossible to get beef or mutton of any description. Let but a European want be known in Chusan, and it will be very extraordinary if it be not supplied by a Chinaman.\n\nA European or Indian soldier is stationed at each gate of the city, but no difficulty is interposed, and no tax levied on perfect freedom of ingress or egress to or from the city. Many of the European officers, including that distinguished soldier, Brigadier Campbell, the Commandant of Chusan, reside in various parts of the city, perfectly isolated from each other, and with as much confidence and security as if they were residing in an English town. The 2nd Madras Native Infantry are quartered in the city, and their place d'armes is a remarkable temple, filled with numerous human figures, of full size, admirably carved in wood, painted, and representing the human countenance and form in every expression and attitude of passion and affection—of grief and joy, of sensibility and intelligence. I have seen nothing equal to the artistic skill and true taste exhibited in this temple in any other part in China. The inhabitants do not seem to take umbrage at its occupation by our troops, who scrupulously preserve it from injury.\n\nHer Majesty's 18th Regiment are quartered outside the city, in some two-storied houses which face the sea close to an extensive bund or embankment, which was erected with marvellous rapidity during the period which intervened between our first and second occupation of the island in 1840-1. This bund extends for nearly three miles along the sea front of Tinghae and Chusan harbour, and forms a fortified earth wall, pierced at short and regular intervals for cannon; and during our second attack on the island, about 150 pieces of artillery of various calibre (many of them however unserviceable) were placed in the embrasures. The bund now forms an excellent promenade for the garrison. The parade of the 18th Regiment is large, dry, level, and in the midst of the barracks, officers' quarters, commissariat and naval stores. Contiguous to the parade, our Government have built an excellent two-storied hospital facing the sea, at an expense of about 10,000 dollars. The European artillery are quartered in comfortable barracks on Joss-House Hill (see map), where a few guns command the whole harbour, the city, and the surrounding plain.\n\nGeology—Chusan appears to have been upheaved by a submarine convulsion, or to have been left dry by the receding ocean. A porphyritic clay-stone, assuming in some places a columnar and in others a laminated structure, appears to constitute the main portion of the island. Occasionally, a compact porphyritic stone of coarse conglomerate, capable of being split into large slabs, or formed into pillars, is found and quarried for various purposes. The soil in the valleys is a rich, dark, alluvial mould. There is no limestone on the island. None of the rotten granite found at Hong Kong or Amoy, and which yields such a deleterious gas, is perceivable at Chusan. About the centre of the island, and at a height of 700 feet, our surveyors found the com-",
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    {
        "id": 224588,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "page_number": 494,
        "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "content_text": "487\n\n47\n\n46\n\n# REPORT ON\n\ndry fish, of salt, and of samshu,— an ardent spirit distilled from rice, millet, or other grains. There was also a considerable entrepôt trade between the northern and southern coasts of China. Now a foreign trade has commenced, which will probably increase to a very large extent if we retain the island. In two articles of British manufacture, the sales at Chusan during the past year amounted to 1,000,000 dollars, viz.:\n\nDollars.\n\nCotton goods to the amount of 750,000\n\nWoollen ditto 250,000\n\n—1,000,000\n\n[We omitted at the treaty of Nankin, to get a free trade between Chusan and other parts of China, at least during our occupation of the island.]\n\nIn July 1843, Captain Cleverly, of the \"William Hughes,\" sold in four days in Chusan harbour, woollen goods to the amount of 85,000 dollars. There was not so much merchandize sold at the Consular ports of Shanghai and Ningpo in nine months, as was sold at Chusan in the earlier months of 1843. The Chinese prefer purchasing goods at Chusan, as there is no monopoly, and as they have no China custom house mark on them; and they are thus more readily saleable at the different ports along the coast, as they can be transmitted into the interior of the country, without being subject to the transit duties which are levied on British manufactures, even after they have paid the custom-house duties at the Consular ports. The possession of Chusan, as a trading emporium, is the more necessary, by reason of the state of four of the Consular ports, which, excepting Shanghai, have not in any degree realized the expectations entertained. There is little British trade at Amoy.\n\n\"In Asia the observance of treaties does not arise from any conviction that they are an obligation binding on both parties, but it springs from sheer necessity; and the moment this powerful law is not in operation, all engagements are null and void. The best guarantee for the maintenance of our treaty, will be the British occupation of Chusan. Its possession by England will render the mandarins more conscientious and willing in executing the behests of their sovereign, and the great monarch more desirous of conciliation, than our fleets and armies stationed at the other extremity of the empire. Chusan will prove the bridle for restraining the wild and ungovernable passions of Mulichangah's party, and for keeping England free from all interference in the political affairs of China. In case of an European war, Chusan would prove a very valuable post for the protection of our shipping, and the expulsion of any enemy from those seas; and without such a station the northern trade, which ere long will be larger than the southern, would be exposed to imminent dangers.\n\n\"We would look upon Chusan as another Malta, not in point of natural strength, but of political importance, for the maintenance and undisturbed enjoyment of a commerce which, after the opening of Japan and Korea, and the access to Mantchouria, will certainly rival the whole of our Mediterranean trade.\n\n\"With a fourth of the money spent on the ungrateful soil of Hong Kong, Chusan would have exhibited a larger and more beautiful city than we shall ever behold on the straggling hills of this colony.\n\n\"If changes occur—if difficulties in the performance of the treaty arise—if China resumes its perfidious conduct—if other foreign powers strive to obtain the mastery in its councils—if the country is agitated, and trade must seek a safe asylum, then the permanent occupation of Chusan will become the most salutary measure that could be adopted for preserving British ascendancy and influence in Eastern Asia.\"—[Dr. Gutzlaff's report, written in November, 1844, two months after mine on Chusan.]\n\n44\n\n# CHUSAN\n\ntrade at Amoy. The \"Erin\" and the \"Mary Anne Webb\" were at Amoy during the present month (August, 1844), and could not sell a bale of cotton goods, or of anything, although there was no stock on hand. At Ningpo, there is no resident British merchant. Goods have been lying at Ningpo for the last six months unsaleable. The Ningpo authorities are ever throwing impediments in the way of trade: they forbid the introduction of foreign goods in native vessels from Chusan. I may mention the following fact: in July, 1844, the \"Cornwall,\" an English vessel of 300 tons, arrived at Ningpo from Singapore, with a cargo of \"Straits' produce,\" and some British manufactures. The \"Cornwall\" was chartered by a Chinaman, who is a merchant residing at Singapore; he was born at Malacca, and his ancestors for three generations have been British subjects. There was a Chinaman from Singapore placed on board as supercargo by the Malacca-Chinese merchant; but the captain of the ship and his crew were English. On the arrival of the \"Cornwall\" at Ningpo, the mandarins resolved on confiscating the ship and cargo, and it was only by the urgent representations of the Consul that she was saved. The \"Cornwall\" then left Ningpo for Shanghai, and was totally lost on one of the banks in the Yang-tze-kiang river, when proceeding thither.\n\nThe general policy of the Chinese Government is obviously directed to the greatest possible concentration of the foreign trade, thus rendering it subject to a more rigid system of supervision, and more available for exactions. The Tartar Government dread the extension of our trade in the northern ports, and would gladly drive it all back to Canton.*\n\n* The following information was collected for Lord Aberdeen by the Chinese Secretary to Government during the past year:-\n\n\"Keshen, a Mantchoo Tartar, who, for a considerable period swayed the Cabinet of Pekin, was considered a great reformer in everything, and was supposed to be the fittest person to curb the Western Barbarians. He augmented vast wealth from bribes, peculations, confiscations, exorbitant interest on capital lent, presents, rewards, speculations in salt trade, proceeds from pawnbroker's shops, &c.\n\nAs a diplomatist Keshen had great tact—had perfect command of his temper —great politeness—always talked the fairest words—protracted discussions—never gave offence—never made any close connection—was ready with small concessions but always avoided granting anything of importance. He realized most fully the sentiment attributed to Talleyrand, that language was bestowed on man for the concealment of his thoughts.\n\n\"When Captain Elliot and our ships appeared off the Peiho river there was not a single obstacle to oppose our capture of Pekin; Keshen was sent to negotiate with Captain Elliot and prepared a pretended letter from the British Minister to the Court of Pekin containing a sufficiency of truth to give a slight colouring to a great mass of falsehood intended to deceive the Emperor. To Captain Elliot he promised, that on due investigation at Canton some indemnification for the opium might perhaps be awarded. When our fleet left the Peiho river there were great rejoicings at Pekin, and an edict was issued by the Emperor declaring that the English barbarians were respectfully obedient and yielding (to this moment the great mass of the people at Canton believe, as they have been told, that the English paid a large sum of money to be permitted to quit the walls of Canton). On Keshen's arrival at Canton he pretended great friendship for Captain Elliot, at the very time when he was planning to surprise that brave, humane, but too confiding officer.\n\nKeshen wrote to the Emperor that the English only wanted an anchorage or careening place at Hong Kong. But as soon as it became apparent that Keshen had failed in his boasted annihilation of the Western Barbarians, there was no...",
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        "id": 224596,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "page_number": 502,
        "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "content_text": "60\n\nREPORT ON CHUSAN.\n\nBut the assertion, even if substantially correct, would be no justification for our resigning Chusan; our occupation of that island could not accelerate the dissolution of the Chinese empire; on the contrary, it might be made the means of retarding such an event; and even should it occur, our position near the Yang-tze-kiang would enable us to retain any commerce we had established, and to carry on the tea trade, should it be driven from Canton.\n\nIn conclusion, there are, I respectfully submit, many cogent arguments of the highest state policy for our continued and permanent occupation of Chusan, and but one reason assigned for its evacuation in December 1845, namely, that we have promised to do so on the fulfilment of the terms of the treaty of Nankin. But have these terms been fulfilled in the letter and spirit in which they were framed by the British? Has diplomacy lost all power, that it cannot be exercised in the intervening period assigned for the evacuation? ready, if required, to lay before Her Majesty's Ministers my reasons.\n\nI am\n\n...\n\nbands, commit suicide in such a manner that their spouses may be charged with murder. The police and Tartar troops hold the lower classes in complete subjection. The whole system has been aptly compared to a railroad carriage, which moves well so long as there is no impediment, but a pebble on the rail destroys all. Whatever be the result, the English and the other western nations have now become the pebble on the rail.\n\nThe humiliation of the Government of China has reduced to a low scale all the inferior grades of officials in their intercourse with foreigners; and we are cordially hated by the Tartars and all officials, who feel that the terror inspired, and the fame of the Mantchoos in particular, is entirely gone. The people at large, therefore, have reaped great benefit from the change; there is now a certain acknowledgment of their rights, arbitrary oppressions and seizures are of much rarer occurrence, and the exactions are considerably reduced.\n\nThe Chinese Secretary who makes these remarks, proceeds to observe, that \"It cannot be expected that the old system will stand long, because the shocks with which it has been assailed, and will be assailed, are rude and overwhelming, and the pressure from within and without fearful. Great and awful will be the crash—terrific the shaking. It is a mighty colossus, put together with much care, protected by antiquity, by narrow-mindedness, by old custom, by an extensive Government. But the foundation is undermined, and there is a cancer-worm eating its very supports.\n\nChina has no serfs, and slavery only in name. The inhabitants are ready in devices, and unwearied in the execution. From such a nation great things may be expected. What they most want is the introduction of Christianity, founded upon individual conviction.\n\n\"Whatever now may happen, one or other foreign power will advocate the interests of one party, because China has ceased to be a terra incognita, and exhibited a large field for diplomatical skill, so that the foreign influence of some nation will grow with its own helplessness. How much soever this state of things may be deprecated, how much soever the Chinese Government may be averse to such an intercourse, there appears to be no alternative. With Great Britain's commanding position at Chusan, however, even if Pekin becomes another Constantinople, she will always command respect and realize her wishes. An impulse has now been given to the whole empire, such as it never before received. No retrogression is practicable. It is for us to determine whether the future shall be in our favour or otherwise.\"\n\n+ The attacks on British subjects at Canton, Foochoofoo, &c.—the refusal to open the city of Canton—the subtle evasions of the spirit of the treaty—and the constant correspondence carried on for the last twelve months by Governor Davis and the Consuls of Her Britannic Majesty with the Chinese authorities, substantially prove the truth of this remark.—March, 1846.\n\nHONG KONG AND CHUSAN COMPARED.\n\n61\n\nfor entertaining a strong opinion that, without any violation of the treaty of Nankin, and without any fraud or force, Chusan may be retained and become, as it assuredly would, one of the most valuable and important colonies of the British Crown.\n\nFriday, August 30, 1844.\n\nR. M. MARTIN,\n\nRemarks on Sir Henry Pottinger's reasons for retaining Hong Kong and rejecting Chusan, stated at the Manchester Dinner, 20th December, 1844*.(Transmitted to Lord Stanley.)\n\nI. “I cannot say that Hong Kong was selected by me.” [SIR H. POTTINGER.]—In the Draft Treaty sent out to China from the Foreign Office, printed, there was a blank after the word \"islands.\" Sir Henry Pottinger had only to name the word Chusan, and England would have obtained that valuable possession; or he might have written after \"islands Hong Kong and Chusan. When Captain Elliot temporarily located at Hong Kong we had not occupied Chusan; Sir Henry Pottinger had resided on both islands then in our possession, and made Hong Kong as his choice. Several of Sir H. Pottinger's suite, officers, and friends had selected Hong Kong, and secured the most valuable sites for building previous to the Treaty of Nankin, viz., Lieut.-Colonel Malcolm, his Secretary, and Mr. Woosnam, his Doctor; Mr. Johnston, Deputy Superintendent and Lieut.-Governor; Major Caine, &c. The Malcolm, Morgan, and Ochterlony bazaars were then, and are still, the best positions and property in Hong Kong.\n\nII. \"If the two places, Hong Kong and Chusan, were at my disposal to-morrow, I should prefer Hong Kong.\"—I do not think there is one disinterested person, who has seen both islands, who would give the preference to a small, barren, unhealthy, traffickless rock—producing nothing commanding nothing, not even the mouth of the Canton river—devoid of European or native commerce—with a thieving, piratical population, and situated disadvantageously at the southern end of China,\n\n* See \"Times\" dated London, 23rd December, 1844.\n\n+ The treaty of Nankin verbatim, nearly as executed, was originally prepared at the Board of Trade department, by the late Lord Sydenham and Mr. Deacon Hume, to whom the points were given by certain merchants in the city of London.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "page_number": 516,
        "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "content_text": "88\n\nBRITISH POSITION\n\nPainful, however, as it is to contemplate the mistakes of the past policy, and the defects of our present position, there is much to cheer and encourage the efforts of the statesman, if efficient measures be vigorously and promptly adopted for their remedy.\n\nOur mistakes appear to have had their origin in a misplaced leniency, in the manifestation of a magnanimity which was misunderstood, and which conveyed no real and permanent benefit on the conquered. A proud and corrupt Government, like that of China, inflated with the highest ideas of self-importance, viewed honourable and humane concessions as indications of timidity or folly; and where it could not oppose force by force, it would naturally resort to the weapons of the weak,—dissimulation, cunning, and perfidy.\n\nWhen, therefore, we found ourselves the victors of China, it was our duty, while carefully abstaining from doing aught to diminish the control of the Chinese Government over its subjects, to have adopted such measures, and to have taken such precautions, as would have prevented the grievous necessity of another war, by retaining an island or position, as a guarantee, which would command peace; by the establishment of a permanent British embassy at Pekin; and by securing perfect freedom of intercourse for British subjects with every part of China, internal or maritime. This would have been sound policy, and at the same time merciful towards both the Chinese Government and people. The former would probably be saved the disastrous calamity of another war, which may end in the subversion of the ruling dynasty, and the latter, as an imitative and tractable people, would have received the great benefits of unrestricted commerce with a more civilized nation, capable of turning to full advantage the qualities of an industrious and peaceable race, in a country improved by art, and favoured by nature to a high degree.\n\nKeying, a high minister, imperial commissioner, and viceroy of the provinces of Kwang-tung and Kwangsi, respectfully presents this duly prepared memorial to the throne. I, your minister, find that the Christian religion is that which the nations of the western seas venerate and worship,—its tenets inculcating virtue and goodness, and reprobating wickedness and vice. It was introduced into, and has been propagated in China, since the times of the Ming dynasty, and for a period there was no prohibition against it. Afterwards, because natives of China, who professed to follow its maxims, frequently made use of it to commit mischief, the authorities made examination, and inflicted punishment, as is on record.\n\n\"In the reign of Kia-kin, a special clause was first enacted in the penal code, for the punishment of this offence, and hence the natives of China were in reality prevented from committing crime,—the prohibition not extending to the religion which the foreign nations of the west worship.\n\n\"It now appears that the present envoy, Lagréné, has requested that those Chinese who follow his religion, and are in other respects blameless in the eye of the law, be held free from punishment for so doing; and as this seems what may be carried into effect, I, your minister, accordingly request that hereafter all who profess the Christian religion be exempted from punishment, and looking up, beseech the imperial grace. If any should walk in the former ways or commit other offences, they will be adjudged according to the established laws.\n\n\"With reference to the subjects of France, as well as of all other foreign countries who follow this religion, they are to be permitted to erect churches for worship only at the five ports open for foreign trade; and they are not to presume to enter the interior, to propagate their doctrines. If any disobey this regulation, and rashly exceed the fixed boundaries (of the ports), the district authorities will at once apprehend them, and deliver them over to the nearest Consul of their respective countries, to be restrained and punished: they are not to be precipitately punished with severity, or killed. By this will tender compassion be manifested to those from a far, as well as to the black-haired race, the good and the bad will not be confounded together, and by your Majesty's gracious assent, will the laws and principles of reason be displayed with justice and sincerity:—and this is my petition, that the practice of the Christian religion may henceforth entail no punishment on those who are good subjects.\n\n\"Wherefore, I respectfully prepare this memorial, and looking up, I beg that your imperial grace do cause it to take effect. A respectful memorial.\n\n\"On the 9th day, 11th month, 24th year of Taoukwang, the imperial reply was received, assenting (to the petition),”\n\n\"RESPECT THIS.\"\n\nThe above mandate was received at Suchau, on the 25th day, 12th month, 24th year of Taoukwang,\n\nShanghai, 1845.\n\nJ. Mc D.\n\nAND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.\n\n89\n\nIn order, therefore, to accomplish the important objects which it appears desirable should be attained by England, for the sake of China as well as for our own interests, the following points are submitted for consideration:—\n\n1st. The final cession of Chusan to the British Crown. (a) Failing this cession, the island to be placed under the protection of Great Britain, like the Ionian islands. (b) This not being granted, Chusan to be made a free port, open to all nations, with perfect freedom of residence, &c.\n\n2nd. In consideration of the Chinese ceding Chusan to England, we might agree to withdraw our Consular stations from Amoy, Foochoo, and perhaps from Ningpo.\n\n3rd. If the Chinese Government refuse to cede Chusan, then we ought to demand the permanent establishment of a British minister at Pekin, with a guard of honour from a ship of war, to be constantly stationed in the Peiho, and that all official intercourse be carried on at Pekin.\n\n4th. We ought also to require that British subjects be permitted to reside in any part of China, with perfect security for life and property, for the free enjoyment of their religion, and for the prosecution of any lawful and proper business.\n\n5th. That other ports be opened to British commerce, viz., those in the Yang-tze-kiang river, and to the northward; and that it be permitted us to navigate any river in China.\n\n6th. That one of the other islands of the Chusan group, viz., the populous and cultivated island of Lowang, twenty-six miles in circumference; or the island of Tehinsauna, eight and a half miles long from east to west, with good anchorage in both monsoons on the north-east part of the Chusan group or archipelago, be ceded to us. By the adoption of such a system of definite policy, we should be establishing a physical and moral power in China of the utmost consequence to us as a nation, and pregnant with beneficial results of the highest magnitude.\n\nIt is the duty of statesmen to legislate and act for the future as well as for the present. The prescient mind can discern in the vista of coming events a period when the peninsula of Hindoostan will claim that right of self-government for which we are now educating the Anglo-Indian people. We ought to be preparing for such a change, and to be now engaged in the formation of a controlling and directing power in ...",
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        "id": 225572,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-021 - Sir John Davis - 1847 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 95,
        "title": "CO129-021 - Sir John Davis - 1847 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "91\n\nHouse to the Barracks, terminating at the Nellah Bridge. His Excellency added that, independent of the boon thereby to be conferred upon\n\nthe Colony generally, it was his decided opinion, as well as that of the Medical Officers under his command, that \"the health of the Troops will be materially preserved by this measure;\n\nwhich will also effectually secure them from the injurious influence of the glaring Western sun, to which, owing to the present exposed state of the Road (abovementioned), they are now constantly subject in their unavoidable passage from the Barracks into the Town.\n\nThe Acting Governor further stated that, independent of the constant recurrence of Coup de soleil and Fever, to which such exposure gives birth in the summer time - often of the most fatal nature - he had never passed a season here without the Troops being extensively affected with Ophthalmia, which the Medical Officers consider greatly aggravated, if not caused by the exposure already referred to. His Excellency observed at the same time, that during the last year, there were no less than 200 Cases of Ophthalmia alone, in Hospital, of such a painful and inflammatory character, as to have rendered the Garrison, for the time being, almost totally inefficient for the purposes of active service.\n\nWhereupon, it was unanimously resolved, that the Surveyor General be directed to execute this\n\nV.",
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    {
        "id": 236340,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-050 - Sir Bowring and Lieut Governor Caine - 1855 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 204,
        "title": "CO129-050 - Sir Bowring and Lieut Governor Caine - 1855 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "10\n\nsales.\n\n106\n\nIf very\n\nIt is a question now of considerable importance in which direction to extend the City, there is little really available ground for the creation of such houses in the rear of the City, as the ground is so steep, and thus the extension of the City westward is what I most strenuously advocate, as it gives us more extended sea frontage which is of such vast importance and in its rear is a large vacant area of 100 acres, and though rough and rocky is of a suitable inclination for streets and in no way inferior to the space upon which the present City is erected; unfortunately however the proposed erection of a Battery at the West end of the City interferes with this scheme, which in much respect as I feel convinced an equally suitable site for a Battery is obtainable, viz: at the old Battery at the Naval Stores; it was one of the points originally determined upon for the defence of the Western entrance to the harbour and if such a work is really required I confer I should prefer seeing it created there, as from its position it would command not only the entrance but have an extensive range of the Harbour to the Eastward;\n\n1\n\n17\n\n107\n\n199",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-050 - Sir Bowring and Lieut Governor Caine - 1855 [5-6].txt",
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    {
        "id": 237948,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-054 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 127,
        "title": "CO129-054 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "Dispatch N20 07/8538\n\nInclosure N/in\n\nGovernment\n\n\"Passengers Act 1855: publishing the \"Chinese Notification 25th January, 1857.\n\nMay\n\n13236,\n\n122\n\nNo. 13.\n\nJOHN BOWRING.\n\nPROCLAMATION.\n\nBy His Excellency SIR JOHN BOWRING, Knight, LL.D., Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Colony of Hongkong and its Dependencies, and Vice-Admiral of the same, Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary, and Chief Superintendent of the Trade of British Subjects in China.\n\nWhereas by an Act of the Imperial Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland passed in this the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Years of Her Majesty's Reign, entitled An Act for the Regulation of Chinese Passenger Ships, under the third clause thereof it is enacted, that \"it shall be lawful for the Governor of Hongkong to declare by Proclamation \"for the purposes of this Act, what shall be deemed to be the duration of the Voyage of any Chinese Passenger Ship\"-\n\nNow therefore I, SIR JOHN BOWRING, Governor as aforesaid, by this my Proclamation issued for that purpose, do declare that the following shall be the Rule of Computation by which the Length of the Voyage of any Ship carrying Chinese Passengers from Hongkong to the several Places hereinafter mentioned shall be computed, for the purposes of the Act above referred to; that is to say:\n\nPassage from Hongkong to the undermentioned Places for Ships propelled by Sails.\n\n  \n    \n    IN THE MONTHS\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    October to March.\n    April to September.\n  \n  \n    California or West Coast of America, North of the Equator,\n    100 days,\n    120\n  \n  \n    West Coast of America South of the Equator,\n    75 days.\n    120\n  \n  \n    Sandwich Islands,\n    \n    19\n  \n  \n    New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Feejee Islands, Tahiti, Society or Friendly Islands,\n    ガラ\n    75\n  \n  \n    Sydney, Melbourne, or South Australia,\n    56 #\n    100\n  \n  \n    Western Australia,\n    100\n    100\n  \n  \n    Van Diemen's Land,\n    31\n    39\n  \n  \n    New Zealand,\n    60\n    80 ??\n  \n  \n    Manila,\n    45\n    60 #\n  \n  \n    Singapore,\n    65\n    80 #\n  \n  \n    Batavia,\n    75\n    90\n  \n  \n    Ceylon,\n    M\n    20\n  \n  \n    Madras or Calcutta,\n    20\n    45 *\n  \n  \n    Bombay,\n    30\n    60\n  \n  \n    Mauritius or Bourbon,\n    \"\n    \"\n  \n  \n    Cape of Good Hope,\n    45\n    70\n  \n  \n    West Indies, or East Coast of America,\n    3)\n    11\n  \n  \n    Great Britain or Europe,\n    50\n    75\n  \n  \n    Siam,\n    F\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    60\n    80\n  \n  \n    \n    19\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    60\n    80\n  \n  \n    \n    \"\n    M\n  \n  \n    \n    65\n    85\n  \n  \n    \n    147\n    168\n  \n  \n    \n    #\n    H\n  \n  \n    \n    162\n    184\n  \n  \n    \n    93\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    50\n    \n  \n  \n    Read\n    20\n    45\n  \n  \n    \n    30\n    \n  \n\n[L.S.]\n\nGiven under my hand and Seal of the Colony, at the Government Offices, Victoria, Hongkong, this 26th Day of January in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Fifty-six, and in the Nineteenth Year of Her Majesty's Reign.\n\nBy His Excellency's Command,\n\nGOD SAVE THE QUEEN.\n\nW. T. MERCER,\n\nColonial Secretary.\n\n59",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-054 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [1-2].txt",
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    {
        "id": 238519,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-055 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [3-5]",
        "page_number": 341,
        "title": "CO129-055 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [3-5]",
        "content_text": "M. West Foreign Offia. In I\n\nB\n\n2. For July.\n\nNo. 13.\n\nJu603% 6.\n\nJOHN BOWRING,\n\nPROCLAMATION.\n\nBy His Excellency SIR JOHN BOWRING, Knight, LL.D., Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Colony of Hongkong and its Dependencies, and Vice-Admiral of the same, Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary, and Chief Superintendent of the Trade of British Subjects in China.\n\nWhereas by an Act of the Imperial Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland passed in this the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Years of Her Majesty's Reign, entitled An Act for the Regulation of Chinese Passenger Ships, under the third clause thereof it is enacted, that it shall be lawful for the Governor of Hongkong to declare by Proclamation \"for the purposes of this Act, what shall be deemed to be the duration of the Voyage of any Chinese Passenger Ship:\"- Now therefore I, SIR JOHN BOWRING, Governor as aforesaid, by this my Proclamation issued for that purpose, do declare that the following shall be the Rule of Computation by which the Length of the Voyage of any Ship carrying Chinese Passengers from Hongkong to the several Places hereinafter mentioned shall be computed, for the purposes of the Act above referred to; that is to say:-\n\n  \n    Passage from Hongkong to the undermentioned Places for Ships propelled\n    IN THE MONTHS\n  \n  \n    \n    October to March.\n    April to September.\n  \n  \n    \n    (both inclusive.)\n    \n  \n  \n    California or West Coast of America, North of the Equator,\n    75 days.\n    120\n  \n  \n    West Coast of America South of the Equator,\n    15\n    56\n  \n  \n    Sandwich Islands,\n    19\n    \n  \n  \n    New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Feejes Islands, Tahiti, Society or Friendly Islands,\n    [L.S.]\n    \n  \n  \n    Sydney, Melbourne, or South Australia,\n    100 days.\n    120\n  \n  \n    Western Australia,\n    10\n    75\n  \n  \n    Van Diemen's Land,\n    100\n    100\n  \n  \n    New Zealand,\n    +\n    60\n  \n  \n    Manila,\n    80\n    >\n  \n  \n    Singapore,\n    \"} \n    45\n  \n  \n    Batavia,\n    60 +\n    22\n  \n  \n    Ceylon,\n    65\n    80 \"\n  \n  \n    Madras or Calcutta,\n    35\n    75\n  \n  \n    Bombay,\n    75\n    90 >\n  \n  \n    Mauritius or Bourbon,\n    20\n    20\n  \n  \n    Cape of Good Hope,\n    Mi\n    45\n  \n  \n    West Indies, or East Coast of America,\n    20\n    \"\n  \n  \n    Great Britain or Europe,\n    30\n    60 »\n  \n  \n    Siam,\n    45\n    70 ++\n  \n  \n    \n    99\n    50\n  \n  \n    \n    75 \"\n    60\n  \n  \n    \n    80\n    35\n  \n  \n    \n    »\n    60\n  \n  \n    \n    80 n\n    65\n  \n  \n    \n    85 2\n    147\n  \n  \n    \n    168\n    19\n  \n  \n    \n    1\n    162\n  \n  \n    \n    184 #\n    16\n  \n  \n    \n    20\n    45\n  \n  \n    \n    \"\"\n    \n  \n\nGiven under my hand and Seal of the Colony, at the Government Offices, Victoria, Hongkong, this 26th Day of January in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Fifty-six,\n\nand in the Nineteenth Year of Her Majesty's Reign.\n\nBy His Excellency's Command,\n\nGOD SAVE THE QUEEN.\n\nW. T. MERCER,\n\nColonial Secretary.\n\n63\n\n333",
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    {
        "id": 238782,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-056 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [6]",
        "page_number": 191,
        "title": "CO129-056 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [6]",
        "content_text": "189\n\nI\n\n90\n\nNEW ADVERTISEMENTS.\n\nNOTICE\n\nThe Hongkong Register.\n\n...parvenus, assuming an official importance which is highly injurious. Some years ago, he was arrested by the French Government, at Boulogne, and is presumed to have been irritated at this circumstance, for he wrote an violent letter to the police in Paris, in which, after lengthy complaining of this infraction of the Law of Nations, he ended by saying, that the Bourbons had committed an act on his person which might hurl them from the throne.—Journal by T. HAYES, Esq., Vol. 1, p. 243.\n\nThe undersigned in our trade requests that claims against him be sent for liquidation immediately, and that those justified to him likewise discharge relatives due. He begs also to state that he has transferred his business to Mr. HENRY VAUCHER, formerly of Custom.\n\nCHARLES WEISS. Hongkong, 31st May, 1856.\n\nMR. HENRY VAUCHER, in retiring from the above, solicits the Patronage hitherto bestowed on his predecessor, and gives notice that the Business will be carried on in his Own Name and Responsibility from the date.\n\nHongkong, June, 1856.\n\nPUBLIC AUCTION.\n\n[No. 23.—JUNE 3, 1856.]\n\nThere is some difference of opinion in these two cases. There is in fact a considerable difference between asserting by the Neutrality ordinance No. 1 of 1865 that the ships of war of our Ally the Emperor of China shall be seized and confiscated by the SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE AND CHIEF MAGISTRATE!! if found in the harbour of Hongkong, and the second paragraph of the above opinion. \"We (the Law Officers of the Crown) do not concur in the conclusion of the Acting Attorney General\" \"that the Chinese are to be considered as beyond the pale of civilized nations,\"\n\nTHE CHILD OF FRANCE !\n\nOn the evening of Wednesday last, the 28th ult., an unfortunate accident which caused the death of 26 Chinese passengers happened to the steamer \"Knee\" as she was proceeding up the river,\n\nThe Emperor of France has obtained a son. This is a fact, in no way to be disputed. We can all remember instances when political sagacity and party prophecy\n\nThe \"Rose\" left, this about ten minutes past six o'clock, and had reached the western side of Tonkun bay, when having hugged the land too closely, her starboard bow struck on a sunken rock, opening so much of her side that she immediately filled forward and went down, drowning 26 Chinese in the forecastle, Fortunately for others on board, her stern part hung on the rock, and it was but until the next day that the whole of the body of the vessel went down. Before a coroner's jury held on view of ten of the bodies that had been brought here, the engineer stated that he chanced to be on deck at the time the vessel struck, that he heard the Captain saying \"stop her\" which was immediately done,—that in a minute or so, he heard the Captain again cry \"go on, all right,\" when the engines were put to work, but they had only made three revolutions when the water rushed into the engine room; that having again turned off the steam he was engaged in drawing the fires, but before he was enabled to do so, the water had reached his middle. Hay—\n\n144 Dak Kassa, 15 taels long by 9 in. thick and 11 in. deep TEAK BEAMS, before delivery, in Merchant's packages, weighed at $7,4-7.\n\nHongkong, 31st May, 1856.\n\nDE SILVER & Co., Auctioneers.\n\n\"EXSAMUEL RUSSELL\" AND \"QUICKSTEP\"\n\nThe undersigned are landing, and offer for Sale,—\n\n150 Punces Gallego CEDAR. 2,500 Gallons American BRANDY. 10,000lbs Winchester SOAP. 50 Pairbanks PLATFORM SCALES—weight from 240 to 1200lbs.\n\nDE SILVER & Co.\n\nAn Invoice of OYSTERS, Green PEAS, Fresh PEARS, APPLES, QUINCES, and CRANBERRIES.\n\nHongkong, 2nd June, 1856.\n\nJUST RECEIVED. SUPPLY of Sill's New York BUTTER. Also, Trade Dozen Bus's Triangle ALE.\n\nDE SILVER & Co.\n\nHongkong, 1st June, 1856.\n\nThe Hongkong Register.\n\nHONGKONG, TUESDAY, 3 JUNE, 1856.\n\nNOTICE The Hours of DIVINE SERVICE in the Cathedral Church of St. John are, on Sundays at 7 A.M. and 4 P.M.\n\nNOTICE The Hours of PERLIC WORSHIP in the UNION CHAPEL, Hollywood Road, are on the Sabbath at 11 A.M., and at 7 P.M. on the Evening of every Wednesday at half-past 8\n\nBIRTHS.\n\nAt Camberwell Green, London on the 1st April, the Wife of Captain The JAMARON of the P. & O. Steamer \"Brisbane,\" of a Daughter.\n\nAt Hongkong, on the 22nd May, the Wife of Mr. Asterio DUS SANTOS, of a Daughter.\n\nAt Hongkong, on the 28th May, the Wife of Mr. Duxa KIXI E CARNEO, of a Daughter.\n\nMARRIAGES.\n\nAt Macao, the 25th May, Mr. J. M. DE FONSECA, Harbour Master, to Miss MARQUISHA LOUREIRO, Daughter of the late Senhor Antonio Loureiro, Esq.\n\nA Victors. Hongkong, on the 1st June, M. HUSIND CHYTHESHEX to Miss FURSA B. DA SILVA SOUZA,\n\nDEATHS.\n\nAt the Missionary House, Springfei, on the 4th February, Mr. NICASIUS BAYJIES, of Boston, and late of Stungcar, aged 21.\n\nAt Lackbear, near Exeter on the 1st April, the Sister, of du John Bourring, Governor Hongkong\n\nTHE Government Gazette of 31st Ultimo contains\n\nin the natural course of life and death, and in barran—desa. Wow them not a man named Bradshaw, a great man Canterbury, brawler, years since turned to forth the most villanous epithets upon Queen Victoria ? Did he not talk of Josci, using the name in Highest compare Now, that Bradshaw was of the hopeful school who predicted barrenness to the Queen: they had such unquestionable authority for the inevitable fact. Truly, Her Majesty—as, in due season, we shall learn on the Civil List—very soon confounded these prophets; and, at the present hour, most satisfactorily up—plies the picture of Byron :-\n\n\"A lady with her daughters or her nieces, Shines like a sovereign and seven stilling pieces.\"\n\nThus, no delicacy can be more brilliant than the bestowed upon the fanaticism at the Tuileries on Sunday may be only promissary of the many olive-bunches to be vouchsafed to Napoleon and Engine: to the very prophetic party, as in due time rebuked the soothsayer's\n\nThe first flower in this legal parterre is a con—Ordinance No. 2 of 1856, Entitled an Ordinance to explain the law as to the removal of riots—then follows, No. 9 of 1856. Entitled\n\n20\n\nThere can be no doubt of the fact, that Henri Cinq is\n\nas his wife is not yet added a baby—not a sin—\n\nby centricuting to France a boy that, even at Barnum's Baby-show, would, it is said, carry off the first prize for weight and size.\n\nAn Ordinance to explain certain enactments relating to shipping :then comes No. 10 of 1856 Entitled an Ordinance for Lis Pendens and Purchasers; a measure that has duly passed the mock Legislative Council and are in full bloom and lily-bud—\n\nTHE following proclamation appears in the Government Gazette of last Saturday :--\n\nThe Queen, conveyed through The Right Honorable Henry Labouchere M.P., Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, have been received, approving of and confirming the following Ordinances, namely—\n\nOrdinance No 1 of 1855, entitled—An Ordinance to enforce Neutrality during the Contest now existing\n\nOrdinance No 1 of 1856, entitled—An Ordinance to enforce Neutrality during the Contest now existing\n\nNow, therefore, it is hereby declared, that the said Ordinances have been so approved and confirmed as aforesaid.\n\nOn the death of Sir William Molesworth: as most of our readers are aware, the difficulty of filling the situation of Colonial Secretary as to find the least ignorant person\n\nLord Palmerston was, not so much to\n\nTHE Band of the 59th Regiment will perform to—morrow on the Parade Ground, commencing at 6 o'clock, the following:--\n\n1—Grande: Collscom March—Gay'l\n\n2—Cavatina Op. The Enchantress—Balfe.\n\n3.—Negro Quadrille—Tullien.\n\n4—Bird of Paradise Waltzes—Kémewig.\n\n5—Carmen Fiko—Fritze.\n\n6—Caling, T.Kelly.\n\nQu'un puce y déposa, tribut de sa fleur, Verre les portes, et tuinteur tu enches\n\nJeune fille et Jeune fleur\n\nAh! nos los reals Jamais à no monde profane,\n\nà ce monde de deuil, d'angoisse femelle!\n\nLe te bete et flétrir, le soleil brile et fane\n\nJeune fille et jouoc Beur\n\nTudors, pauvre lisa, si l'ère di un éve: Tu ne trains plus\n\nplus à jour le froid et in allen; Elles ont achevé leurs traiches matins,\n\nJeune file et je flaut.\n\nMais ton père, Elisa, ur ta centre incline.\n\nAux ridden front a more la pleur:\n\nEt Vimix caène, le Temps Canche sur sa razine,\n\nJeune file at jeune flour,\n\nChateaubriand.\n\nmost talented man to fill the situation ci Celo—Colonies, not even in Great Britain, than the\n\nto be shoved into the piace. From the awe Eew long that respectability will be maintained, nil Secretary as to find the least ignorant person\n\nAttorneys of the Hongkong Court at present, precious specimen of a proclamation we are when the profession may be overcrowded with strongly led to believe that Lord Palmerston has 20 exactly hit upon the least ignorant of his dy men from the unusual sources of supply which the present Ordinance opens up, it is not easy to say.\n\nI Colony lies.\n\nancs? The cause of it is perfectly plain. The We asked, What was the cause of the Ordin—Attorney General comes from Botany Bay, that\n\nof the deft. The imperial prince is eager to hear the Pope's suck and, doubtless, will be father digna, we should rather say encored, by godfatherty gifta piece of the true cross set in a bit of gold brengt by Siba to Sulomen: or, in a diamond locket, a pinch of iron filings from the fetters of St. Peter and St. Paul. Yet, his loltasse no thought of Henriking, the lineal descen whilst the Pope is godfather to the son of parceny, baa dit of Joris, now somewhere in any? But such is the conversent memory of the Vatican.\n\nfiength of years be grated to Loria Napoleon, he a Kemperor. Pessibly, we say for history tells us not may possibly rear baby now in his crile inte stuff for to look for grecs mea in the sons of great inen. Crom—\n\na son of sufficient alty to ale a pause. It rany wall fefe has le rouse to rate a gdom; and he loft seem odd, and yet destiny pinys such prawks with la hopes an inations—yet even a Seroud of Tecember may bogo First of April.—Lloyd's W. N., March 23.\n\nWIDOWS, FAMILIES, AND RELATIVES OF OFFICERS.\n\nWe annex the rules and regulations appended to the warrant given in a recent number of the Gazette, for\n\neven teli the quarter of the world in which that even if now, a place to which respectablering a £ards of money in lieu of pensions, coti This may seen an extreme saer—Attorneys were likely to go and the govern passionate lowances, and gratuites, to the widows, tion, hnt we must either suppose this extreme ignorance existing in the Colonial Secretary, or in\n\nment very wisely got hold of the next best families, and relatives of officers killed in action or dying substitute in allowing their officials connected of wounds recived in the face of the enemy, within six\n\nmonths after being wounded.\n\nNo body here\n\nthe Secretary for Foreign Affairs and the Law with the law to become lawyers—but there is no Officers of the Crown, seeing that on the 15th March 1856 the folowing Notification appeared wante, and nobody has asked for the Ordinance. His in the Government Gazette:-\n\nExcellency the Governor and the Attorney Gen—\n\nan or dying of words received in face of the enemy, 1. The cmount of mousy to be paid to a widow, widow and children, ar other relatives of an officer inted in\n\nbranch of the service be sny bave belonged to, be the within six months after being wounded, shall. Whatever\n\ninfantry of the line, as set forth in the following scale, viz.\n\nTo the willow, widow aut chil—dren, ebilen, filies,mativer. state, or sisters of..............\n\nDiffe\n\nDizto\n\nJitk\n\nDitto\n\nDitto\n\nCawley\n\nTref\n\nLieut Colbel £175...£1500\n\nMajor 4575... 9300 Captain 3625, 1960 Lieutenant 1190 700 Coruat... $10..... Ensign... 450\n\nA question having risen as to the Law by which Con—eral, like true cosinopolites, resolved to legislate tracts ethered into with Her Majesty's Subjects on C irrespective of creed or color,\" and with the strong regulation price sized for commissions in cavalry and nese Territory hy Chinese Subjects for the Cession of Property in China, should be regulated; watter shape of getting for the present a cheap interpre—hert retered by the Barl of Clarender to the law ter, bold out this Ordinance as a bait. It is made Gfficers the Crown, whose opinion is as follows\n\n\"War of opinlot that Brdish Tribunala and Jedrini\n\nin a fine large spirited manner \"Alienage or Chin—Authorices in China are bound to ohmerve the rules and Tu fallowing is the charmeter given of Sir John incipies of Publie ur Enternat Tuw, so they are set to do is to take the usual caths, one of which ese status no disqualification \"ail stunt you have Boaring twenty years ago. There are few people we do and oneur in the conclusim of the noting, Ac Now, the persou for whom this Ordinance was and received by the auton consent of European natione nathes is the oath of allegiance to Her Majesty. who have bad anything to do with His Excellency torny-General, that the Chiness are to be considered as who will not agree that the likeness is a wonder—beyond the pale of civilized nations.\n\nIn a queationa that may evine botere any Kritina Tri—\n\nexpressiy mande is, as we have betise sid bunal in Chung relating to the ownership or occupation of\n\na Morrison school boy who has studied in\n\nBut it sun! in no case exceed the sum of money actually The French Gerament has made some slight con—tenses or lands ing within the dominios of the Fingers of America, where he has become an American officer for the purchase of his commission or commissions. paid, in conformity with the regulation. price, by the casina as to duties on a few articles imported from Cars, the law and cast of Chica, if they can be ascer—subject, and ns auch sworn allegiance to the Eugland, rather to meet the clamour of the pation ontained, nat govern de decisions, rilee by the terms of Gavernment of the United States, all which with sex mouths shall leave a widow only, the au thest points, than to prometo any new ceaunercial inter— the contract the law or at home other mantry be as is prepared to repudiate by bis wath on adinis. ned shall be paid to her for her sole and isulate Coura hatween the countries. They are in fact united into the and if in any such rase the Chinese Low can portant, but Dr. B., delighted, after three years infeest te ascertained, the decisis must be governed by the tua pressing and supplization here (u hava obtained even pelticiples of natural justice. There is os pretence for the Tendy to lake onths is exactly Lie person to have a peusion; and sie shall be required to establish het\n\nsion at An Attorney. Whether a person sur\n\nhenefit, provided she be not left in such pecuniary circumstances as would otherwise preclude all claim to introduction of the Engish Law of real property.\n\n\"It is a universal principle of Law in Europe, that in s] a point atretched that be may be admitted on the claim and to sign au acknowledgment of having consent sits prevalin; and we think it both right and useful mat questions sospecting movealbe property, the lex loci rei rull of Attorneys does not allow ef much doubted to receive sich zu in lieu of, and as a full compens\n\ntion for, al pension and gtuity to which sie\n\nful one\n\nthis light relaxation, is gone over to Festion with the proposal. Or ail moon high or low that I ever met in Apeinty, this Dr. B is the act pressing and the rust Aceited Te is fit Charlton, fir Whig employment; the same mile. should be acted in the administration pushing and overb waving in las manner, and, like the Justice in Chink\"\n\n2. When un officer su killed or sa dying of his wounds\n\nsy or\n\n* Acconyplished.\" not need as having any reference to might have proved herself entities, in consequence of \"perfection.\n\nthe luas her husband.\n\nNo. $3.—JUNE 3, 1856.]\n\nThe Hongkong Register.\n\n91\n\n3. In the event of an offer leaving a widow and Mr. Speerivales four paints which particularly re—children, who may or might have established a claim to quire legislative action at this time. He anys the persion, compassionate allowance, or gratuity, then The number allowed to immigrate to this country and in that case the mouey awarded in lieu thereof shall should not be too great. We may not be prepared to he held in trust by the Secretary of State for War, and afford them weful employment. They any code in ex the interest thereof, at the rate of £3 per cent. per ann cess, and not settle down, and assimilate to our institu all be receivable by the widow, ustil her death, when Haas and Waiks. the money shall be divided, share and share alike, among jadicions ineu, and xot unreasonable, to allow for the It is therefore the preference of many the children than alive of such deceased officer, provided present the law which fixes a capitation tax to re they shall have attrined the age of 21, otherwise the provided it is so administered as not to interfere with money shall still continue to be held in trust and the rutamerce,\n\nbusines event, however, of de witlow anrviving her said children future duty from observation of its nulla, or in com And judgunat only indicate the nosey all than become her sole and absolute pro—plinee with the future wants and desires of our own perty, as Inid down in Article 2; but should such chirou people. survive the widow, yet still die before attaining the age of 21, then and in that case the money, after discharging deserves consideration. The amouai freit by the pre—2. The amount of the license required from minera alt just liabinties, shall become the property of the Crow sent law is uppressive. Few are possessed of good 4. In the event of an officer leaving a child or children, claims. The tax beggars them. It drives them to the but no widow, the mouny shalt he laid in trust, and the\n\nmountsics and tickets like wild beasts. It is the interest thereof, at the rate of $3 per cent. per anner,\n\nwith hanger, sickness and despair. It turns theci, what stated in Article 3, shall be applied by the Secretary\n\ntheir honourable character with our trading population of State for War for the benefit of such child or children,\n\nin the country shows is not necessary, int cheats and antit he, she, or they shal! attain the age of 21, when\n\ndoes. It will in time fill our pisose. It makes them fathe and hase us as a people, and our name, our country, property of such surviving child or children. they understand we profess. If put to the fordicz, stand— and our government and the Christian religion, which share and share alike. Should, however, such child asard of four dollars per month, the sum affords a hand Chronicle, March 20,\n\nagain demandell his goods, tendering the whole wit In a genera! urder, Jated Feb. 25, the Commander-la- of freight us by the bill of lading. for all the goods was thereupun offered him, but subject by a correspondent at Kerteh, of \"inute details of lines A delivery order chier draws attrusion to the publication in a newspaper, to the charges for storage and cartage which had an and works, strength of garrison, and various tallitary crued upon them. The goods had, in accordance with a arrangements;\" and, referring General Vivian to the notice to that effect given by the shr's agent, heen particulars, he authorises him to arrest the individual ceased to slischarge; and it is satisfactorily proved that believe that such folly will nes be repeated. He then laced in a public warehouse each night when the ship and send him away at once, unless he has reason to\n\ntheir salty, but rendered unavoidable by the fact that this disposition the goods was not only necessary for proceeds as folows\n\nThe Commander of the forces has occasionally seen\n\ninterest applied for their benefit up to that age. In the in nered the passage to and ice of those engaged the goods are not suffered to retain on the whart at similar things from this cams. Strength of regimenta\n\nthe\n\nahones, us in the case of the widow, shall become the\n\nchildren die before attaining the age of 21 years, then unul in that case the money, after discharging all just labilities, shall become the property of the Crown,\n\nsobe State and County resece, and they appear willing pay it. Iat lower, as some have prepused, there is danger of new legislation, to two or three gene, to incrense it again.\n\nThis appears, after the brief experience of a fe months, to be suc opinion of the people generally the mining districts.\n\ncease.\n\nmight. The bellent, however, declined to pay his freight sickness, butteries, gins, quuntly of ammunition, the and receive his goods subject to these charges, and there state ui preparation, means of transport, the very situa agon fled bis like: for non-delivery. It is not suggested tion of concealed histories, the strength of pickets, the that the charges upon the goods were any other or\n\nbest mes of attacking them, all recklessly detailed as greater thus expenses necessarily incurred in trans. on purpose to usiruet an enemy. Couaou precace—ng the progress of the disenarge, and the question to porting them to and keeping them in a warehouse dur—tion for the sake of the aring requires that this should he determined is, whether under the clearances, He then appeals to the right sense of duty of alt officers ship owner. these chargee should be borne by the shipper, or the and non-comissioned officers, and concludes by requir—ing the generals of disisiou to bring the tenor of the order The decision was in favor of the defendant. The cou—signnee must pay freight in ace for all his merchant belonging to the arany,\" who are permitted to versin to the notice of the \"known correspondent of newspapers ship, or if the ship master storex the metsandise as it she to the rules of the army under whose protection they dives it by wishes to take it away as he comes from the in the canige, and who toast consider themselves ainen— is discharged until the whole roast is discharged, the c consignze must pay storage, curtage, California\n\nTHE CHINESE IN CALIFORNIA.\n\nWe resume consideration of the Itev. Mr. Speer's \"Pica\" for the Chinese in California.\n\nNUMBER OF CBINASE IN CALIFORNIA.\n\nThe Rev. Mr. Speer pablished, some eight or ten months ago, a statement of the cuber of Chinese the\n\nThe Times, as might be expected, is írate at this under, says that it ever too late, and that Generati Codrington has now loat whatever reputation he formerly\n\npossessed.\n\n\"I\" obsives our temporary, \"the abjectionable commivation appeared in our columes, it was written by a military officer, and, if General Codrington has any real ground of complaint, it is pro—hale that the writer, too trenical in his detaile, did not imitate the exudon which is always practised by por—fessional correspondents.\" In these observations, the\n\nis a melter which demands the attention of the Legisino Lere is not materially differeus, or the departures Times averlooks the fact, that the same general order\n\n3. The mode of collecting the Foreign micers' licenses supposed to be in this country. Probably the number\n\nture.\n\nIt is to be feared there, is some thing radically since last spring may have been about equal to the also draws attention to similar exposures of the prepara wrong in the present system. How often do you reat of Chinamen shot, or stabbed, or wipped, or stripped ted with the five well-known Companies.\" Probubig, pressly prohibits teus for the future—Home News, arrivals. the Chinese in California are chiefly contre—lions of the rug by newspaper correspondents, and ex— and searched, or maltreated and insulto in some other says Mr. Speer, there are not a thousand Chiuames in Marele 25, way, by the collerters. How frequently do we reus the State who are not members of our or other of these under the \"items\" head of our newspaper announce ments like this one Three Chinamen Shot—A For eigu miners' tax collector of Lousty, on Wednesday last, shot three Chiasmon who resisted him in the dis—River.\" charge of his duty. The difficuity took place on the→→→→→\n\n5. In the event of an offices leaving at his death neither widow, child, sur children, then the money shall be paid to his father; and if he leave no father, it may be pa to his mother, for his or her sole and absolute benefit. provided that he or she shall establish a claim thereto. And in the event of there being neither father nor mother, then the money shall be paid to the sister or sisters, as the case may be, share and share alike, provi ded they shall have attanned the age of 21 years, aud that cheie claint shall be established. But should any sister or sisters be under that age, in the money shall be held is as by the Secretary of State for War, and the interest be applied, as stated in Article 4, until such sister or sisters shall become 31 years of age, when it shall become the absolute property of the survivors or Survivor. Simuli wo survivors or survivor ritnin the age of 21, then the tanney, after discharging just liabilities, shall become the property of the Crown.\n\nNow it is admitted that these people are provokingly 6 No grast or money undar provisions of this warrant slow; are fearful and suspicious; are cunning in evading sal be made to Ray person who would not be eligible the enllector, and play maoy tricks to wary L. But far pension compassionate allowance, or gratuity under\n\nhave they no excuse? farther, if they have one, the provisions of the royal warrant of the 15th of June, are they so dangers and ferocious: anges that yield: 1958 ( fadier alone excepted whose claim nnst be esta blished as set forth in Article 5), but the ineligibility of of the forest? Does the humane administration of law to no remelin, tad must he dealt with like furious beasts widow to any grant under this warrant shall not affect aot extend west of the Aueries Desert? Are men to the interests of the legitimate child or children of a decensed ulicer, for whose benefit the money shall be\n\nhe murdered at will by an irrespacaible petty officer, for held in trust, and the interest seplied by the Secretary tionalde entstitutionality? Is such as officer licensed resisting se pecuolery obligation, and that of ques. of State for We, as stated in Article 4, except they be to slaughter a man that is not imble; or because he left in such pecuniary errcumstances as wou'd disquely don't cinderstura Buglish; or because he is a stranger, them for the co:upassionate kilowances wider the pro—\n\n*\n\nvisions of Article 3. Should, however, such chill and poos, and sick, and friendless? ebildren die before attaining the age of 21, then and that use the money, after dislarging t just abilities, shult become the property of the Crowd,\n\npazzuities.\n\nCompanies. The following is the computation hy then, buse erived in Csforma; that have returned hence to in a tabular form, of the total number of Chinese that their native land: that have died here; and faully, their estincale of the number in the spring of last year in the\n\nState:\n\nWe read in the Prassing correspondence of the Times: let: I have lately reserved from Hum. santative there, Calone: Hodges, was led to make various burg informs me that, some few weeks back, our repres representations to the senate of the quantities of am—munition that left, flat neutral port for Russia In the course of the examination that these reclamations gave vine to, I am informed it turned out that thees supplies hud in west instaurea been shipped thither frota England 9,200 or that purpose. For.instance, two houses in England 6,807 had suippes to Hamburg two cargoes of lead, three ofẾ 84'petre, und eleven of sulphur. The parties implicated 38.387\n\nin the air are described to me as standing very high in England, andarsong them a member of Parliament.\" Homes News, March 26.\n\nNames.\n\nArrivals. Deartares. Drecna'd Prasat Young-wo Copy...6,900 Couto Company....8,00 Sza-yap Company1,050 Yun-wo Company.......2,500 Ning- euy Company 2,809\n\n2,503\n\n1,300\n\n400 £tu\n\n14.000 6.500\n\n(ii)\n\n160\n\n$780 1.269\n\n300\n\n173\n\n1.780\n\nTotal 18,249 8,522 1,290 Adding to these, the ana,ber of Chinese not members of the Companies, and probably there may be found 40,000 of the race at present in this country.\n\nM. Mazzini lately sent £30 to some friend at Rome. The letter was intercepten or the past-ofice, the bills\n\nTHE US. STEAM FRIGATE NIAGARA.\n\nThe United States steain frigate Niegore was recently seized, cashed, and applied to the fand for ruising a launched from the socklyn Navy Yard. The last mail have absencterised this act as a slawefu: and grant statue to the Immaculate Virgin. The French papers\n\nThere are two things that can be done. First, the from the Rust brought account of the launch, and a robbery Home News, March 26. penalties of an payment of the miners' license may be description of the magnificent vessel. From the New 7. In the event of it being represented and satisfac—efred, and they may be guarded su us to prevent acts! Yor's Herald we take the following:- torily prove to the Secretary of State for War, that any of brutality to encuarage men of a desirable character The Niagara is one of the five steam frigates now in\n\nAllading to the unsightly smallness of the ladies' bon—wilow na wiose bekali money shall be held in trust for to perform the duties; and also so as to be a heu tu\n\nnets, an eminent musical gentleman in London, writing the henefit of herself and children, under the provisions\n\nprocess of construction for the United States Navy. Her to a friend in Bristol, suys:-\"I have to lames the grezi the region. Legal gentlemen can readily devise such main dimensions are: 2oanage, 5.204; extreme length iparcase, among the fetals part of my practice, of tic of this warrant, shall thereafter so conduct hersell' as t\n\nFor instance, ability to work upon the on deck, 24 feet; load le, 323 feet. She is to be county roads, at a certain rule per day, until the demand shipped egged; mainmast, I feet long and 3 feet 4 ining in the ear, injured, I firmly believe, from the present douloureux in the forehead, loss of sigit, and great juffer—of the license is satisfied.\n\nches in diameter; mein yard, 55 feet long, and mizea Secuud, it seems almost equally necessary to consti—spunker boot 67 fest. Fail complement of vinn .\n\nased fashion of neuting hosneta on the week instead of tute an office, or to appoint an officer, to whom those Some kiea of her immense capacity may be formed fo\n\nthe head. During the past month i have been in attend—ordmarily subject to the foreign mers' tax may appeal the following schedule of her masts and spara, which are\n\nance upon zwn young ladies with the the-doalonzēta in erhead, and several others with similar complaints. frora de collector in speriat rases, and who may decide now be.ug ball:- the circus ces that warrant a remission the tax.\n\nIt is high time that the frivolous bonet of the present There are some cases of exceeding hardship aris: from\n\nYards Length Diam. Length, Diam.\n\nday should be done away with.\"-- Home News, Mirch 28, the caprices and the cores of collectors. They\n\nFr. io. In. Ft. in. If.\n\nhave no rules. One told me that holes old tea, boys,\n\nWOMEN AND WArones-Mr. Beunct, the watah-maker 111:00 871 10:05 24 packure, and sick people, go free.\" There are no de\n\nof Cheapside, in a letter to the Times, recommends that 07:08 21 76:11 191 women should be employed as wetch-makers. We give nius, un real responsibilities in the whole mater. Muinroyal It is mere spullation,\n\nthe practical part of his conuication:-\n\nMainmast Maintop\n\nMaiuto gallant\n\nFereskysa?! \n\nMireutop\n\nbeenme unworthy of the Clown, or stall neglect or ill. treat her children, then and in that use the Secretary of Sture for War shall have full power to tasks such arrange ments for apportioning the interest of the money, and making better provision for the children, as in his judge ment may see must advisabic.\n\n8. The allowances to be granted under the authority of this warrant are not applicable to the cases of others kifled in sesion, or dying of weands before the declin\n\non of war with Russia, hur it is to lake n retrospective rfect up to that date; and therefore, say officer's willow to whom there may have been granted a pensior, com—passionate allowances for children, or gratuity for herself\n\nod children, or any other relative of an officer, who may 4 Betler protectios must be extended to Chinese re. Main skil have receive a peusion under the warrant of 15th June, sinents generally. Some means should be devised by Foremast 1855, who tony wish to rotate such pension, allow-whch the statements of Chinese should be received Burstop acers, or gratuities, for the sun fixed wider the provisions regard to crimes affecting their lives, persons au po Puteopgallant of this warrant, shall be permitted to do so; but in that porty. They do dot perhaps understand sufficiently the Porevoval case, whatever suns may have been received by or al care of on oala to be adicuted in our Courts to enjoy aumuns of the widow or exildren, or other relatives, wil at equal privilege with those acquainted with the sanc Mzent be deducted from any amount to be paid under the terrasons of Christianity. But no other maans prepubly of this warrust. But in every case of a sum of money than receiving their affirmation, allowing it the credence. Mzentopgallant being awarded Guder the provisions of this warrant. that, according to internal evidence and the accompany Mccoyal interest inerton at the rate of 63 per cent. per annu\n\ning Creumstances, it seems fairly to deserve, will prevent\n\nMizens kysall wil he allowed how the day of the officer's death.\n\ndegraded and autward centness from rubbing, bruising. U. Should the widow, or any other relative of a deceas. cheating or killing a Chinaman, wien to white witness ed officer wi. prior to 23rd October, 1855, has been granted pension, and other uliowaned, under the\n\nThe protection of the Chinese miners from marauders is vital to their quite, and to their usefulness to our provisions of the warrant of 15 June, 1835, wish to cocinute such pension and lowances by sum of respect for lass, where they are pistered by night av jihoon\n\nthemselves. They can have no heart for industry, and na money in eu therevf, in conformity with the terms of this wherau, it will be necessary that application to the\n\nby day, by fous wretchies, who battly rob a camp in Spanker hoora fect be made to the Secretary of State for War, within\n\nthe five of a hundred, if no lites are present, and who: Spanker ga year from the October, 1855. And shoul the\n\nhave no compunctions in murdmg even the unresisting. Spanker gaff duw, or my other reiative of a deceased offers, whe.\n\nThere are heen hundreds of sua case, An interior Forespunker gaf since 2311 October, 1855, may have already, or\n\nnewspaper says of these cobbers: -\n\nNot camerated hereafter be granted, a prasion and other allywuuees. wish to epimute such penting und allowsares for of money in hen thereof. mudes the provisions of this warrent, it will be acessary that application to tha fert be made to the Secretary of State for War, with a year from the date of the said pens and user allow lances being granted.\n\n1. A return of all sams paid under the provisions of this warrant and be faid nasly briore Parliament an ufter the 1st of Aynl. Gaven at our Court at Sail James's, Ritis ist day of March. 1856, in the 19th year of Our Reign-By Her Majesty's command,\n\nPATHONE.\n\ny\n\nth\n\nis near.\n\nSwinging boom. Maintop stuldingsafl boom Maintop gallantanil hacm\n\ndo. Mainrayal de Bowsprit, outboard Jihkoom\n\n35:04 12) \n\n51.03 134\n\n23:07 81 32:09\n\nE\n\n14:06\n\nbi\n\n21.00\n\nJUI:GO 35\n\n00:09 23\n\n50.00 YO\n\n07:09\n\n54\n\n31.09 7\n\n21:10 214 47:03 21:06 13:03 34 19:06 35; & 32 72:10 50:04 15 Ai:0x 11 27:09 S 34:10 8 13:00\n\n16\n\n4+\n\n55:00 }] \n\n4:00\n\n11:04 TTE 62:00 21 33:00 8 $1.00 } 23:00 51\n\n22.03 10.11\n\n2xtú\n\n17:00 4\n\n20:00 24\n\n38:00 ia\n\nX5:00 -\n\n.67:00\n\n15\n\nThe French Government has made some slight con—tenses or lands ing within the dominios of the Fingers of America, where he has become an American officer for the purchase of his commission or commissions. paid, in conformity with the regulation. price, by the casina as to duties on a few articles imported from Cars, the law and cast of Chica, if they can be ascer—subject, and ns auch sworn allegiance to the Eugland, rather to meet the clamour of the pation ontained, nat govern de decisions, rilee by the terms of Gavernment of the United States, all which with sex mouths shall leave a widow only, the au thest points, than to prometo any new ceaunercial inter— the contract the law or at home other mantry be as is prepared to repudiate by bis wath on adinis. ned shall be paid to her for her sole and isulate Coura hatween the countries. They are in fact united into the and if in any such rase the Chinese Low can portant, but Dr. B., delighted, after three years infeest te ascertained, the decisis must be governed by the tua pressing and supplization here (u hava obtained even pelticiples of natural justice. There is os pretence for the Tendy to lake onths is exactly Lie person to have a peusion; and sie shall be required to establish het\n\nsion at An Attorney. Whether a person sur\n\nhenefit, provided she be not left in such pecuniary circumstances as would otherwise preclude all claim to introduction of the Engish Law of real property.\n\n\"It is a universal principle of Law in Europe, that in s] a point atretched that be may be admitted on the claim and to sign au acknowledgment of having consent sits prevalin; and we think it both right and useful mat questions sospecting movealbe property, the lex loci rei rull of Attorneys does not allow ef much doubted to receive sich zu in lieu of, and as a full compens\n\ntion for, al pension and gtuity to which sie\n\nful one\n\nthis light relaxation, is gone over to Festion with the proposal. Or ail moon high or low that I ever met in Apeinty, this Dr. B is the act pressing and the rust Aceited Te is fit Charlton, fir Whig employment; the same mile. should be acted in the administration pushing and overb waving in las manner, and, like the Justice in Chink\"\n\n2. When un officer su killed or sa dying of his wounds\n\nsy or\n\n* Acconyplished.\" not need as having any reference to might have proved herself entities, in consequence of \"perfection.\n\nthe luas her husband.\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nTHE ENGLISH TOWERZ—The English language has its face is stamped the following words: \"Gonds to be million loiters She is to be full rigged and\n\na veritable power of expression, such as, perhaps, ever tual, dated the 21 of October, 1855, our will and ensure new is that our said Royal wariant of the 23rd find thereof, and when the discharge of lus gomis had On the arrival the ship the libellaut was duig moti—Oober 1855, shall trom henceforth be cancelled, aut romcucel he was fully eognizant of the fact On the\n\nTHE ENGLISH LANGUAGE\n\nThe English language har its face is stamped the following words: \"Gonds to be million loiters She is to be full rigged and Mr. Steers stood at the command of any other language of men.\n\na veritable power of expression, such as, perhaps, ever tual, dated the 21 of October, 1855, our will and ensure new is that our said Royal wariant of the 23rd find thereof, and when the discharge of lus gomis had On the arrival the ship the libellaut was duig moti—Oober 1855, shall trom henceforth be cancelled, aut romcucel he was fully eognizant of the fact On the\n\ndevelopment and condition, inve been the result of a It has been erroneously stated that this steamer will surprisingly indmate anion of the two noblest languages be the largest in the world. The Adriatic, now upon in modern Europe, the Teutonic aud Kopanic. It is the stocks at the Messrs. Steers' shipyard, will be larger well known in what relating these two stand to one portion of the contents of his bill of lading by several hundred tons. Her uit diensions are another in the English tongue; the former supplying, estimates that she will go 17 kuols an hour with a good\n\nbreeze, und 18 knots under steamI\n\nted by Di Secretary of State for War, shall be constitu—having been in dieu thereof, and shall be the sole and standing auto—upon the agents of the ship and demanded a delivery of feer: depth of hold, 33 feet 2 inches; tormagt. 5,898, latter, the spiritual conceptions. In truth, the English upon the asters hereis costined; but shall not al or in any way invelidate any act heretvicze per. bed by our Secretary of State for War under the\n\nthe goods so discharging, offering to pay the freight, dur carpenter'z measurement. Like the Niagara, this steamer tunguage, which, be no mere accident, has produced on them. This the consignees of the ship derlined to isions of the last mentioned warrant”—Home News, \n\nis divided into watertight tch 26.\n\nthis our Royal warraul, to be administered and inter—first day aded guan the wharf, he thereupon called Length over all, 352 feet; extreme breadth of hy, sin far larger propuctions, the blaterial groundwork; the\n\nR LEGISLATION WANTED FOR THE CHI—NESE IN CALIFORNIA, continue our notice at the Rev. Mr. Speer's hlet entilled a \"Plea for the Chinese in California,\"\n\nthe whole contents of the bill of lading. The libeliant and cylinders 100 inches. The lenses Steere are rapidly cel poetry (Shakspeare), ans, with ali right, be called a Works, 12 feel stroke, modern times, as distinguished from the audient classi ther, professed his willingness to do so, provided at the hastening the completion of the Adriatic, with all their world language; and, like the English people appears goods were ready for delivery; but he declined to take disposable force, and she will probably be ready fur destined hereafter to pressil with a sway more extensive\n\ndelivery order for the goods and receive them as they laeting by the middle or last of March. offers were repeated from day to day while the vessel about four months.—California Chronicle, bỉarch 26 came out in the usual course of the discharge. These It is thought that the Magura will be ready for ses in was being unladeu; and on the last day the libellam\n\nBorede to, but required him to pay all the freight due on (oscillating) are from the Novelty. Her engines and uphorne the greatest and most predominant poel of\n\nFor in wenith, good sense, and closeness of structure, even than its present over all portions of the globe. no other of the languages at this day spoken deserves to be compared with it.\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-056 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [6].txt",
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    {
        "id": 244348,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "page_number": 89,
        "title": "CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "content_text": "## NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. NOTICE, \n\n**Mr. GEORGE STRACHAN, ARCHITECT and SURVEYOR,** \n\n地出屋式 \n\nGage Street, Victoria, 1st May, 1858. \n\n月戊問士治額如地士未十午便荡街請貴八年可即到燉三行結光\n\n**JUST LANDED AND FOR SALE.** \n\n| Item | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 12 | Patent WATER CLOSETS |\n| - | Also, Patent Electro-Plated Nickel Silver FORKS, and SPOONS. |\n\nThe Hongkong Register. (No. 18-May 4, 1858)\n\ndon't hamper selves with many goods for we fear he wanting. A small county town acquitted by the committee appointed to investigate...\n\nThe Hongkong Register. (No. 18.-MAY 4, 1858)\n\nthey give is.\" Be prepared for an outbreak in the successful carrying out the scheme will seem to be on the point of being frustrated. Mr. Bott has been using thin verdict will be flat Mr. Butt Tips, in the of Sitara and Coora Ameer of Scinde, and a King of load contemporary was taken to task by one of large stockholders on Hon... and comfortably quartered, the present. Few people believe the rumors of home has its hospital and its charities of ever great conduct, and we hope Dr. Bridges will... with the privileges of the foe of us, were that if he were to do a Court of Appeal from Hwang's aerial cognizance. He is supposed to heart; each party vies with its neighbor to advance also be acquitted were a committee appointed to investigate his connection as standing...\n\nvery near, and it seems even against Chinese common sense, that a person specially deputed is an event of the greatest importance; there are fairs to raise the small fund required, in which every one, gentle and simple, for miles around are interested. Here, where many cur...\n\na few days, we are sorry to say there is not a hospital.\n\ncurrent for the Opium monopolist. There, unfortunately for Dr. Bridges, there is no committee appointed, and so the clamor goes on unrefuted and slander of this kind never dies. We fortunate...\n\nto settle the affairs of foreigners, the news of the fall of Canton being now by those who accredited him, should not on learning the absence of the plenipotentiaries at the math, which news of money for a good purpose could be raised immediately are not the guardians of Dr. Bridges's good name must have reached him from Shanghae-in such a case, he would stride into Canton in all pomp and openness who would feel the least interest in the subject black as his gown for anything we or the public may be, and as simple barrister his name may be, and say Here I am, ready to arrange matters, after he had paid his subscription. We trust...\n\nwhere are your plenipotentiaries? A diplomatic may not continue, but that some of our principle the British Government representing British catch like that would not be...\n\nmissed by a Chinese man will try and do something, by giving both justice to the Chinese, we could less to a more diplomatist. A ranguotic telegraph is being laid their time and money to help forward to perfection tender care of it. He stands in the position down from the Magazine Hill to the Allied Wharf, so good a work as the establishment of a general of Caser's wife, he should not only be-not guilty. If he should not even be suspected. We publish the following minutes of a meeting are happy to believe, but that he is suspected we that Dr. Bridges bite Mr. Butt is not guilty we held on Thursday 29th ultimo for the purpose of establishing a General Hospital.\" We are impressed on the Chinese mind, and we more urgent business. Having inspected the opium monopolist were invited to attend, but were prevented by understand openly stated by Chun-tai-kwong, the buildings which it is intended to appropriate to clever men, all powerful with the governor or the government; that he can take, unmake, or \"That Dr. Bridges is a very adapted for the purpose. Of the skill of the superintending Physicist, Dr. Kenny, we need not and propitiated. All this may be true. say nothing as it would be presumption in us no and the Acting Colonial Secretary may still be a medical men to comment on the abilities of worthy, honest, hard-working government servant, gentleman so well and known esteemed. If the establishment of a general civil hospital alluded to in a previous article does not come to pass, the press...\n\nHongkong, 1st May, 1858.\n\nTHOS. HUNT & Co.\n\nFOR SALE\n\nRHOD...\n\nULES FOR STANSBURY'S MEASURING\n\nPRICE-25 Cents each, on Pasteboard,\n\nApply to\n\nMr. M. Hoza,\n\nat the \"Hongkong Register\" Office.\n\nthe late mailings out intelligence of the appointment of Dr. Harland as Colonial Surgeon, and as the salary is stated to be £800 per annum,\n\nwe for Dr. Harlan! will be prohibited from undertaking private practice. If we are right in this supposition the government have got a good man cheaply, and the community lost a very able professional attendant.\n\nThe duties of the office have latterly become very heavy, and are likely to become still more so, and it is much to be doubted that one person can discharge them satisfactorily, even devoting his whole time to the work. We learn further, the instructions have been sent out that a new civil hospital is to be built and that nothing more is to be done in the affair of the Bowring Praya.\n\nHongkong, 4th May, 1858.\n\nSTOLEN.\n\nGOLD LEVER WATCH, with enamelled dial,\n\nand GOLD CHAIN-Maker's Name, Bund and Laut, 41 Cornhill. Number of Watch. The Watch, with a lanyard and set of Studs were, at is supposed, attracted from the case between this and Canton about January. A handsome Reward will be paid for the recovery of the same.\n\nHongkong, 3d May, 1858.\n\nApply at this Office,\n\nThe Hongkong Register,\n\nHONGKONG, TUESDAY, 4TH MAY, 1858.\n\nParties sending Advertisements to the \"Hongkong Register\" or \"Register's Advertise,\" phrase address to the \"Printer and Publisher of the respective Papers, which will secure early attention to their Communications.\n\nsent Galertising has our best wishes:—Fr. Angelo Fr. Reina, and Fr. Long Mesore Kup Present—Revds. Fr. Jerome Mangier, Fr. MacMahon Block, Kenes, Hassoon, Isam. Werden, F. Sustaining...\n\nthat some means will be adopted for the purpose If a new civil hospital is to be erected we hope of incorporating the seamen's hospital with it. The resident surgeon of the seamen's hospital at the following showing the details of the loss that a barrister should get what he asks; he is The meeting was opened by the Revd. Fr. Jerome certainly cannot look upon it as an improper thing might become the resident surgeon of the civil hospital, and this would relieve the Colonial Surgeon from a heavy duty, while it enabled him to...\n\nGENTLEMEN—I am extremely happy to see you all at this meeting for discussing the expediency, and the means between the seller and buyer, the attorney and client. I am convinced that cure, ponder of the hospitals, or two private hospitals have been called upon to remark on this subject, the effect will be derived from the amalgamation of all the civil...\n\nview and to which, I am couleur you will general and client. The only ground on which we feel that owing to the departure of the medical bent, and plentifully alone, have actuated you in business may who opened them, but it was well known they wish I was able to express any gratitude in language equivalent to my sincere interest for this our of your kind coming this night my welcome guest and I sincerely it has on the Chinese. We pointed out the dianess which will not be un great, I hope, by the weight fl Colonial Secretary, and were we have the evil and civil hospitals. We fear the want of efficiency, to give a no harsher name, still continues. It is so did of your valuable advice and suggestions I should not call for any primary assistance...\n\nrealized. Dr. Bridges is in the Chinese eyes a man 41 years, Master of the receiving ship Mahamoudie and for many years in the employ of Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Co.\n\nOne complaint is, and in the first place I beg leave to submit a few of my that when the monopolist engages his services as that the site is an unhealthy one that point own propositions to your consideration.\n\nF. DE SENSA Jr.\n\nDEATHS.\n\nAt Macao, on the 7th April, the Wife of Mr. Joaquin...\n\nAt Macau, on the 1st May, Mr. Isnacracto D. VIRKIRA KIBKRO.\n\nAt Victoria, Hongkong, on the 1st May, Mr. I. P. COLL...\n\nTO THE BRITISH COMMUNITY AT HONGKONG\n\nThe undersigned begs to inform the community that the Office of the British Consulate, this day has been transferred from WANPAO to HOKAN.\n\nCHAе. A. WINCHESTER, H.B.M.'s Acting Consul\n\nBritish Consulate for Canton,\n\nAnnexe of Houa, 29th April, 1858.\n\na ground floor in any situation is not well adapted for the purpose of a hospital--still less when high a land is...\n\nIt is intention to establish a General Hospital, in unsel that there is, there can be, no back-stairs of corruption to resort to how; perhaps he may expect this: Gardens and S. Francis Hospital and which show however, the monopolist finds himself compelled my father intention to have it well furnished with all it in surrounded by growing trees, and is alut in necessary materials for a proper Hospital, and to be on all sides by hills except where it faces the provided with experienced Doctors: will us in art, but is informed that...\n\ncounsel to attend for him before the Magistrate's harbor. Be this true or false, there is another change which is a tangible one, and the one on which we base our most complaints. The charge is. changed by a sufficient staff of Hospital servants to attend to the patients.\n\nThe gentlemen I intend to appoint are Dr. Vande... and Dr. Kenny the former Gentlemen lately arrived in this Colony, is a bachelor of questionable own count. creasing their diseases or acquiring new ones. fool the set of several languages which Mandarin Bridges; and with great dignity oỀ references oedh as to professional accomplishments, and enough to English people, but to the Chinese the All this is staple and straightforward We have personal experience of this being true at a fluently, and which will be exceedingly useful in least in our instance and a respectable merchant and ship owner made the same complaints to us sometime ago with a request that we would The latter Gentleman, whose abilities she too well three characters—first, as one of the law-makers, commission where he may meet with patients of all place great power is associated. chant and ship owner made the same complaints to Dolor expose it. Thinking it improbable that either known and ustalised, to any better certium, then, as one of the granters, and finally, as tue That is the so in the present case when we have one man in the trustees or the resident surgeon would sane- apply to them as the hurt and most effective...\n\nFellow of the naval College of Surgeons of England-41 tion such a thing we recommended the party to\" and is proposed to be consulting Doctor to the legal adviser and supporter of the monopolist in course to adopt to put a termination to a rival propositions, I think it well to apprise you of a few...\n\nhis monopoly we see however by report of a meeting held will fin exercises there without distinction of creed on view of their extent. te great sunl, certain- Mr. Isang Batt is, we understand, a very...\n\nA manual number of Inquests have been during the past few days held before the Coroner—one of them however of particular interest: A Chinese was killed by the falling in during the heavy rain of the 20 of an out-building in the course of erection on a Marine lot. 4 Swede was drowned in the harbor while bathing on Sunday the 25th alto. A man, discharged from...\n\nIt is evident that whether this proceeds from patients noting in a way so prejudicial to their carelessness or health, it should be stopped, whether...\n\nRunt of means to prevent the trustees of the seamen's hospital close to carry out or amalgamate it with the civil hospital.\n\nthe appropriate in relieving Papers, who will be received into the Hospital at once; and in the case of time to try point is, that he appears as the paid advocate, at truly desite will also be admitted. stion. In the Civil Hospital a Chinese died from he hoped a properly constructed hospital will be of the airs as the lipizi; to supply this defect, ara perhaps a little stronger in his case.\n\nThe list is no doubt their best course, for it is to that being missionary, I cannot by any means devote ages in the cause. This is the case as nearly as Lufe teal it incurent upon me to remark herehe the same time he holds the position of one of the effects of a gun shot wound received when escaperected on an eligible site in a central spot, of Grand Prus sery kindly tendered his duable aerof Coranous not doubting the honor of its ing from the Western Coal sheds, he having been which there are many that it will be well! vises and M. Braga, roster of the Medal members is yet so jealous of its privileges that it myself entirely the management and perintended. we can understand it of Dr. Bridges, if it be not there committing robbery. A verdier of wilful secured and watched, so that no such abuses can murder has been taught against some parties win!\n\nThe House made a particular attack on a conveying fel...\n\nHail,) deo will take an interest in it. to this market. Iu dar obituary there is the two hospitals would also enable the directors to means as way enable me to cry on these desigua...\n\nThe combination of the means of the to your very own hands to save and suggest such a imputation, and in this the curatituencies In couches, Gentlemen, I consign das proposals will not enfer a member to underlie the shade of...\n\nmamme of Cayman Cole of the Courser, lately wrecked on the Pratas.\n\nWe may have point out two of face—Ã mom- carry out one or two very necessary improvements. fortable set of sick rooms available for the young men of the colony, whether belonging to govern...\n\nwhich it has \n\nHuid Prẻ be the derrotary, \n\nTas news from Canton both public and private are of the most conflicting nature. One be treated for serious diseases with more care and attention than they can obtain in their wet houses set up at Fur Shan, and that it is assembling in the houses of their employers, where their press might be dangerous in cases of infectious another equally positive says No such a thing diseases to the atlier intrares-A portion of the near Fat Shan and The spital to be act mort for the treatment Foldiers place is perfectly quiet. There me the Sade Famous sad counter rumors on the subject of aner only of a temporary character. The fantalony he unlie? pan to atroci the patients.\n\nof the insane, whether the disease be permanent urine of laces of the amal strength (40,000 to 50,000). On this point we see mu besimation...\n\nthere are \n\n3. Kenny proposed Mr Grand the store, Hore we have the close corporation--the are at the details of the object for the formation of as to it or its members underlying grave charge. That a Committee be selected from this meeting to Legislative Council, showing to great impatience ment or the mercantile class, in which they might, that Mosses in Black, it is population. Eat beand this is a popular Reed. Macinon ha aproated a Comunitar, Pr...\n\nalz. Grand Pré proposed and it was unanimously carried that they are perhaps joined by the respectable almost probably they do not believe the large and fucome to be President and Fr. de la Croix added this Mition British and Foreign, and native above all, \n\nPison of the Hospit Mr. Gal P proposed, and it was carried that the Rev. Fr. Jerome, lesit e Founder new is a \n\nwas unanimously wine exactly to think, and as every thing un- secuted, that the Sisters of Charity in the the very worst.\n\nRev. Fr. McMahon proposed Mr. Grand Pré perhaps prepared to tanke up their and to think supposed to be worse than it really is, \n\nposition was also monin shy carried, \n\nW sak, in conclusion, er general readers Proposed by Fr. Jerome and Seeded by air. Sade peruse with care the accompanying article Privalaute or thanks he given to the Gentlemen from the Daily News on Mr. Butt's care. We nek win sa kindly accepted to set at.\n\nProposed by Mr. Kup and seled by Mfr. A. rent whether or not it would not more.\n\nvote is thanks be given to the Secretary its list it end save ten sold ar opes and fair market, dew, to his able conduet in the Ensin Sifeira, that are of tanks to given to Revd. the Gets of the case as to granting a mest udinis liberati in su recuti apcepting the ties id Secretary as to the withdrawal of the first groot, and difconsort with their honor, and open: c'eating, if all Proped by Mr. Block unt seeded by Mr. Issand oppressive monopoly un scaled tenders, when Nothing farther being left for discussion, thermitely as to the regranting it on the same ternis Esalse to theer on Thursday gezi, the 7th May, ka the...\n\nto the same pers, were mady known. And we \n\nin speaking confidently; there is no such army.\n\ns to need fustare polating cut.\n\nthe \n\nWe hear there is much acquisition in villages around, no doubt a great deal of big talk,\n\nalso be isolated buildings for a small pox There hospital and a lock hospital.\n\nIf in ndition a sanatoriure copii, na way long ago proposed in this paper, he erected on the top of Victa Penk, we might consider ourselves well way from Canton to Macau and Hongkong. As we predicted, the Cantooreze pre rising from their fortified to withstand any amount of tiny defent with mere insolence than ere; stones; discne. laze been thrown at offices and soldiers not to mener-getting-the heads of society are so e...\n\nWe fear, however, public spirit is lost an speak of the murderous assault on the policeman paged to making money as fast as they can that Stewart, and it is considered very unsafe to enter they may get back to their own country, that they the western part of the city. In the face of this have us time to care for the rany poor aferra the Europeans are living in Honais in the park nates tied to the island for a very long day, if not houses without even a corporal's guard to pro- for ever. sect them. Goods still go up, and although there is some nceusinese felt by the principal Chinese traders who have returned, yet the only advice...\n\n| \n\nto the meeting and Committee. \n\nThis \n\nhomes of Mr. Buck, to draw Rules and Regiations for the the Hospital.\n\nA. GRAND PRE\n\nNerred \n\nActing Colonist Secretary to give the public. which pays him, sogte expérnation of the very doubtiul position in which he at present stands :—— (beily Never.)\n\nsource of the success of such a scheint, would be. 1. for Youghal and W. T. Bridgee. Eaqrektious peaard by the Committee of the Charnam Mr. \n\nWe do not think outy, one great cases of leave Butt, Esq., Barrister and wanting, but something more than money is. C. L., Harrister and Member of the close car-r's me, it may be informed that the dir. mester has wanting-personal superintendence und an interes portion—the Legislative Council of flugkong, tren aited of the charge of breach of pra ilege, \n\nFrom: what has been allow vú to trucepire respecting the \n\nTo \n\nna weit is a portion of the Naval Brigade. The troops the officers of that regiment: -- \n\nwere left on board the transports Lancashire Witch und Tax Benged Hathara, of the 20th March, says with Mooresfort. at Whampoa and the French Contingent remained on board their own ships, except a ousall party in conjeful occupation \n\nreference to two aditional Native Regiments for th \n\nice in China- \n\nPoutres hundred sepoy belonging to the 65th and #2th Regiments N. 1. are now wigh at island, 30 they have not already arrived ut ur in the visity of Barrack port. As we all know they are destined for service in Cuma, provided they can be clarked on the rearts all which possage us ofen signed these, but not being ralunteers for the screire, they canne! in the whole e Looked upon as very willing soldiers vayer for forel ware,\" nnd we sind be able to state the exact numifer that my he proceeding to China, only on the authority \n\n3. the 181, (reclved a communication from Ule Bariul Bizin und Baron Gros, stating that the reply the Contaistioner had been received that is was most antislactory, and inviting the aavel and milhors and-chief to a saference board the Aulaccuse, to consider what further steps aliulit be taken, in consequence of Keb's determination to resist the very nurse decade of the two Governments, \n\n4. Tur conference was held un the 21st it, when it was determined that the pienipotentiaries should \n\nDe knocking at the dors tie Iluase of Coumene\n\nthese prvi of the \n\nthe inverse of Tabs, it would be overwhelmed with adelage India. basic enough co ungrosa tile whole the ovidence selitted to the committee crabile us, \n\ntime of tho bare. And the tuulia eniture, who A Morril, vus of the four Ameere of Upper Selnic, we setertido a boradigazy faith in the nipotence frihe med of turving acquired the interstance of the of Las in judicial proceedings would besiege these members with; dengnes by the presuction of a legal document. The pretura, which if u come the intimation of die James dim Government appelated a commision of the their argir, it would be perfectly air for them to lost heas 4 Prestige de large judicially. The secept. It was nice aged at a Nahub of Arcot bu Cammons in tris pay of an artisan cum te tor conclusion that the charge was eight members of the Host \n\nTim Court of Directors therungen proposed that 1 Sudan bill be any degree resembling that of Lourd Faimers blogne should be deprived of the laude which he held us, is allowed to be low every bilan in-and der the surged decourt. The Presideur of the Bont of their now is leglus--an every wealthy Balno will have attel, for the Cana being, was of opinion that this contence has paid ur uz merabers in the loss of \n\nto lenient, and at bis sggesden Ali Moore was de This is anger gainer which the people of Bogland rised of the ends thus fraudulently bined, and also of have to murd, now that it to props to vrat illa governs \n\nof the pilots reports from the Sashes. Meanwhile, dan letter to the Eugerial High Couimper, started his crban\" laude, beaving him in pranes munt of falla exclusively on the Minsters of the tr \n\nwe dure suy, preparations are being mude for the restoring his Excelteney that, in consequence of his mom.compliance with the debody submitted for fas on of all his remaining and very valuable eruditary! \n\nWe publish the following despatch from the ception of those men to be taken to fight the battles of \n\nconsideration, the lurther settlement of the question the Goverment in a country distant and different from To win a reversal of this judgment, the Amger Putna to \n\nbeen transferred to the anal and military suites, that where as hrave and faithful soldiers their services Sugated. We pas Uver the minor personages in the dis- Government Gazette of last Saturday from the \n\nof State for Foreign affairs, which we ece fur toere required at would be most valuable, that me should sly address better to his silency stating the above faci, and that it, at the end of a further uded the Coffeys, and the alle lady who travelled \n\ntern of forty-eight hours, the eny saguld be perefully from London to Paris, and from Paris to Vienna, for the \n\nquived preparations are compite, nid the sea sust atenie purpose of sizing the deposed prace by paying \n\ncoussy be subject to temporary dependion before surdered into our hands, life and property would be es with it. Gar Lusiness is with the servant of the \n\nthey are sent away. Whether they are all to vents respected; but that, if the teras were out roepted, the English public, the bon, member for Youghal. \n\ntheir rus ad munition or not, we are not aware; city would be attacked. \n\nAll our efforts to avert the evils of war from the hot after the last false alarm, we think it would be \n\nกษ \n\nterested nu eympathising agency by which he was - Secretat, s:t the attention of persons who have Some days may be expected to elapse before the re- \n\ncommend \n\nbeen married in Macau or who propose being married rkare:- \n\nNo. 20. \n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION. \n\nAch is established by Mr. Burt's corn statements. Hiviers were engagal for the Amar acu after that raine's rival in England Mr. Brat sits that he could \n\nWith reference to the Validity of Marriages sofem nie heered the passagement of the application furtius in the der's beauf le staves that he al-nize an Chana, otherwise that ja acendance with nys urged upon the Amer, Aut his lends art advisers, the provisions of the Act 12 and 13 Victores, Cap the bringing of his ca bure Parliament, as the m0268, His Excellency SR JOHN BOWRING, Kaight, relies are to pure. Ha actually used for propers, like \n\nproductive of which he theme obviated to promote the L., Her Majesty's Poipotentiary and Chief er's van. He coniterie the Pirator: the Superintendent of Frade in China &c., &c. has Kulit Company, and agon Mr. Turen faith, the Presisereived a Despatch front The Bight Hande bat the Bora of Control, la licit their nou wees on Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a Copy child of hie ciet. The result of these applicnída was a of which is hereby published for „euerai inforna- jetine on the Board of Directors in answer to the Amcera \n\nBy Order, \n\nG. W. CAINE. Superintendency of Trade, Victoria, Hongkong, 26th April, 1858. Xo. 7 \n\n| \n\njudicious to let it be generally own where and how Chmese having walled, tough the obstinate deteriou the large reinforcement of Pay at the presidency hastian winch as chuterised the proceeding of the een lucnted. Three times the same nombe: of sepoya, Imperial Commissioner from October 21, 1956, oching with all the respectude cam-uds of Barnkport, could remained for the Commanders of the Allied Furces but 15 address the Imperia. Commissiouer, wai to muery into but little, even if they did their worst, but talve \n\ni nens and anuseless panes are any tring fat dignied execution the painful alternative of attacking Centon, Jerorols, would be more effectsly avoided by wich was conquced at daylight this ring. The da:ture of the pucket will prevent my giving say funk revelation of actual wrangements than j \n\ninither reports. I am now on the point of joining the studied reticence which only lends to mystification and forces asembarking at Kuyer's Talked for the zasault on surpicion, -nnd very often reduces the very offre it is \n\nthe city walls, intended a prevent \n\nTur Fagfxman of 23rd Mauch on the same subject, remarks \n\nThe 47th Regt. N. I have nerived, and are vuramped on the glacis of Fort William; they are about 379 strong \n\nof all grace, native officers mari sepoys, and is the Government have ordered Colonel Port, Command FOREIGN OFPics, Alarch 9, 1950. \n\ning, to rerait the Regiment with Malen. Brigadier SIR, eve under my consideration, and have | Corfich with this topiment and the 65th N. I. new en referred to the proper Law Advisers of the Crow, the way down, will leave by the 16th proximo. your Despatches Nos. 452 and 7 of the 26th of \n\nFLOWERS FROM THE INDIAN PAPERS. December and 9d of January last, on the subject of \n\nThe Athene reples mure we to our elrage of the doubts when hel arisen as to the Validity of the \n\nAs we cannot consent to sally our Marriages of British Sabjre's at Chinese Ports; and literary larceny. \n\nges with language ru is seldom beard erido I have to acquaint yaa, in reply, that the Statute i2 \n\nappliers, which on being bitted. se i noceary, for tim. de approvation of the Board of Controt, was materially al. by B1. Fordon sit The reply, as orglundly homed by the Court of Directors, was in vlect, that the Amy's care and on Judicially decided, and that they ans rezson to reverse the decision. The reply, as indi Sed by Me. Vernon Site, was in effent, that if the Amer would zezer his native country, and exert himself in half of the English Government, his real right he Argarable mitezinimesi. These series, fr. But declares, firmad gratully, and simply from his covention of the juice of the Ameer's cline. But in ariston to these parcier Mr. Gutt rent to posed to Failid to argo the Anect's Shell her. For the filter service Mr. Hah desit het theas to receive in all 19,1001, and thut off this She has actually received southing more than 2000. Mr. Butt deolares ther be still holds himself sound to proceed to hulin if the Ameer insists upon it; her in the event of Mr. Bart's aching latelet te lo be will and 13 Victoria, Cap. 68, inponeering Consul topolhouse, our readers must be sausted with our report of fund the money recusat it he is dy preserred solomuze Mariages, does not affect the valulity of, the substance of it. Elis rejoinder is, that our charge of fum pracoding to tudi by the Ameer and his advisers or in any way interfere with, any Marriages which flebing terms the Sproutor is an unmitigated file- arriving at the conclusia thuc his services are not quired would have been valid independently of that Statute, ho,\" and he taunts with being no gentleman. it Here, he will retain the money received. This is, tho \n\nin which category are Mariages celebrated in Chiantik big too on the subject of horsewhips\" and best if our abilty, a tuir and eerut katement of the sub \n\nby Ministers of the Church of England, according horsepouts.\" Bur the strong point agniuss us, ju tja \n\nopis, is our want of gentility. Patial Lects prevad lutorg tår i omories of the House f \n\nto the forms of that Church. \n\nthur contemporary reminds one of the Bath fontman in Pickwick; he can endure anything low.\" When Now, to what do these facts a nuné? Mr. Batt is s Babe of the House of Commons, of a tribunal which and to the Validity of Marriages veiebrated by a \n\nthe public are at a loss for a referee on alkat concerus might intre lawn called aga to procence a verdict as to Clergymen of the Church of England, and not under a gentleman\" they will know wher, to had one. dre justice or injustice due treatment of All Marra by the At 12 and 13 Victoria, Cap. 66, at Macau \n\nLouisana \n\nadi nggala urged 16 Mourial to agipeal lo \n\nM. Mut, Leo, \n\nWith regard to the case fepecially referred to \n\nif \n\nThe deferee, we have already calist characteristic. \n\n6. I beg 10 es, close copies of two General Orders of the 26th instant, and of lemoranda issued by Major- General Van Straubensee, containing the monesancy arzangements for the struck, which I hage will put their lordships in full possession of our intended proceedings. 3. Í have pleasure in reporting that the most perfect umadinty exvts between the Commanders-in-thigï of The allied forces. \n\nI have, .. (Signed) \n\n31. SKY, Bea-Amira and Commanter-in-Chie?. \n\nTo the \n\nSecretary of the Admiralty, \n\nLoudon \n\nGENERAL ORDER. \n\nBefore Canton, December, 1857. The uvala nilitory commander-in-chief of the aisted forces before Cantun love agreed to the following ander of operativas against the city. First bombardme to conxuráce at daylight on Monday morning the 28th of December. \n\nThe sirps and vessels numed in the acte juoder, letter \n\nA) on the signed hereafter indient being made, wilt open fire on the south-west angica of the city wells, with a view to breach them, and impede the communication \n\nThe ships and vessels poused in the net (under letter \n\nThe Gina Cartumqui of India; a transsi which Nie. Baltsgain i Marsa is Chinese Territory, and not a Portuguest | The pickpochyt when arraignai before the Magistrate, of the Chinese troops along thei: parapets to the ent it would appear, actually took some initiatory reps, which precision, such Mauriages 11 be valid as being har generdly hur one answer to wake,-\"it's all a Fed wight have seen servince to the Ameer half as been galebrated in China, Pazar Country. If, however, your wushup.\" We are therefore no more surpriced at hunght be the tribusi of which he was ember. Macao is a possession of Portugal, then it has a the exam's coarse denial than at his blastering), wear the Dutch Folly, with a staritar osject, wit A me wither of the funer of Compune stonde in the core Christian Law of Marriage, as its lex moci,\" and threats, at that the pubic way judge on which ends breach the city walls opposite the Viceroy's residence; Inion to the pimenting even of any individui applying \n\nto met \n\n(Signed) MALMESBURY. \n\nSia Joy Bowring, \n\nBec., N., & \n\nTrue Cops. \n\n11. F. HANCE. \n\nthe mortare in the Dutch Fully, and the Niger and Avalauele, 1.kewise sbetting the city heights auf Gough three insicuess ont of many at our dispoed, in which the Aina has appropiated without actueledgment heights. \n\nThe ships and vessels named in the note (under letter whunt he found in journal. The racier of the ex wination of the Military Female phan Asylum C), beruse the Dutch Folly and the French Folly, will pubished by the Aham was made up entirely from apen fire on the Rooth-east ungles of the new and ell what had appeared the previous day in the Spector, elty walls, mud the walls ferning the east side of the city. These time several nacks will couuence simul without the slightest arkludgment the fuder's) Charge at the opsing the last Sessions repertet for taseously, wira a white csiga shall be hoisted at the fore the Ann, mail a yelaw dug us a corresponding this carnal, was similaris fched the reports of the trinis for funpiracy, the two of most interest, appeared sigral at the spule he listed at the fure of the in the Athena aise the day after they were publised Phugction. \n\nThe Horet end the Avalanche wild repeat these signals A still are at theit fore so long as the Angs shall remain Byug on \n\nthe before mentioned shipa \n\nsit j'fusion, that a judya iter in the run or Manages of British Sabjects anort, in order to be the guilt of \"falschod\" iles, with mension two or \n\nWet wein de said of judge widertunk valid, he adenized there esther in accordance with conse or saticier for a site who had brough, or such lex leci,\" or with the Provisions of the Act \n\nin bring, actions in de curt? The iniquity are mentioned.-1 am, &c., ach step in any incrad a little tem prave by the consider the lye har, or had not received re- mueratina f his seres ful bun pliced biawety in the wharf whition of being with by price that he be mil preciera remuneration for undertaking to as me $5. iend's sent before a tribuent of vehich he to \"use of the anashers. He has aceste promise of 10,0004, for his services, sart of thị sùm he estually trevived more anne ut The urging of the Amcer à aut span the ludia \n\nW take the following short notice of the Khang in the Spectator, almost verbatim, whion & single torrent is one este act, whether the erfarin \n\nflagrant case of Newspaper dishonesty, nceurred in on- ting, the insete the line of it, or has Spring Meeting from the North-Ching Herald whisper whence the apolis were stolen. the juce the tivard Camiral in Cannon-run. it of the 24th olim. The commis mun who so osion with the articultural Exhibition, when the serar di Tu say that make do improper for ft. But to aventry for urging a se before the Howe of ham sold people here at our anal meeting has been the revive the report of the Prizes from the cautioned day and night, net in exceed per each gun carrying off all the good things of Secretary, w the express coulition that he should, is employed 60 rounds during the Best 3 uurs, except f which it is in, but then it would be a right and fortanste \n\n\"We wander who rode our cormity with the usage of the Press on icse oc- the ships under letter C. which will fire 100 rounds. \n\nThey were proper for him to wipe the end beture the Ligure of Chanan, the Northern turt. \n\nCasics, end slips so the Speci \n\nfudiately the bunchardment open the landing of the attic forces will take place at the creek in' Küper an, of the man tinte, kifor a sane her trimmal, provided be ezig recessed reaeration, for the tertives let here the old friend raid. Yellow Jack and Tartar are with e, at the east of Leuils as well as of honesty. The \n\nThe dist heul mom is welcome to the use of vagulang words Pussage, when there the British and French dags will batur. His obvious that by such decision the door to abwe be found in the Hwek Stakes. art by rite oper. Nothing more would be tryniced never have been elsewhere --- \n\nwhich like utty her about he worbi did an enlty be planted in the following order, commencing a day- in eaing, if Palled upon to do so; we will conline onr \n\nlight- to end a remier if Parliament to pochert with perfect; \n\nThe mail, that apology for au many lanes, is urged by \n\nsives har fiets. It is of some consentence that safety a renumeration as Parliamentary agent, u \n\njon which he was onlied in devide as lielige by cerforming war sareporter as a plea for 101 furnishing 18, ki this the public should know that the journal which has won adition acres in his client cost of deces, et clurging issay, with the fall, time and parimer pronunt of the \n\nFor itself the reputation of being acivali in squerility Taxes that came off on Wednesday and Friday in this sproper timotely large for for them. We will not, in \n\ntatau kitowledge, afirm that the committee of \n\nThe stud was graced by the presence of many of car fair residents, and the intervals between the races were enlivened by the music of the of 11. M. S. Higher Adly tout for the occultat: \n\nFIRST DAY. \n\nThe Wung Plate-Spota, 1; Muischite, 2; Dred. 33 \n\nBlack Cockatoo, i. \n\nTHE CHINESE DESPATCHES. THE BOMBARDMENT OF CAYTON. \n\nWAR OFFICE. Fra Mazt, February 15 \n\nThe Secretary of State for War but this day received & despute, of which the following is a copy, addressed is lord chip by Major Geveral C. T, Vas Strubeuzes, C. B., commanding are Majesty's Land Forces in Chan \n\nCenton, December 29, 1857. \n\nMy Lord-I have great satisfactios in reporting that Canton city was ermaisded muud eaptured this day at nine o'clock, with a more trifling losa das enuld have been expected. liceat emulatios was displaye 1 by the whole Allied Force, ten-st whom the greatest cordiality and god feeling into \n\nWe have to deplore the low Royal Suvy, els of Liestemt fiske, of the 59 Regie In stenaut Bowen, ct the me regiment, has tree seriously wounded, \n\nAll \n\nand misrepresentata, is as dishonest in soull thing as The Flea of Comes applied to inquire in Mr. Bersoek; we can therefore only give the places of the brass \n\nSpretter case has come to such a monstrous decisiour; but if it hits and ponies as they came in, which we do on the best. With fius exposure we leave him-Medran \n\nThe intimation arributed to Sir. Jaries Gesinam shut authority, sed promise a graphic report in or next. \n\nThe weather and ground was favorable on the whole, ties of the resolutions was an acquittal of Isan Sasho charge of inproperly enjoying bis prillon bach days, thongh there was a greas outrast; then e is a member of Le 1s of Con alyst day be hot, with a southerly with, and the ther- escuptible of ach an interpretation-it ili ose electors memeter in the shule at 80°, and on Friday, a cold nor- tur be an incir qurd visst the sing why we for strictherly wind was hiewing, and the hormoneter at 63. \n\nPiwili place himself sack $19- It had rained a god deal the night before, hat the wind jście position \n\nAnd dried the course pretty well.\" this tunction The part which Ms. Butt han played cannot be appruched less his negetation with the x-reshient of the art of Corral are taken into account. Mr Vermilch admits that he had repeated emmunications with Mr. Butt-vethal aud epilary-on the subject of the class of Ali Mvered. Of in excep Timock was kept me the lacters are said to have bren private autoosidential. It is possible, Therefore, bu learn with certainty what was the lure of the comuneulea- tions. But this is certain, il subsequently to these inter- Venom Sto altered a dras lurzer 1935 [ektors, Mr. nd the Court of Directors refusing to entertain the Ameer's application, iuro a letter couraging him to return to Sciarie by long at the lope Sut i li mi nital Ala to the Buglial Governinect something arigat he does to him. The only reasna, sseigned for too parišal revered fa inficial teuer, on the strengt of private, sureverteil enamiestis, is that the siteure appenced inrse; but M. Vernon Sanita gave the contest la stand Und Je very reluctant to have sue Ameer's new debaresi à l'aclinent while the Bengal insurrection was it progress, Mr. But having gives it frommilostared theit die hunt informed the ex-Pretent of the Beart of Country of his having tuged the user and his friends to bring the wise 'fore Parlia ne. We r TL entitled to say that Mr. Batt obtained the centerscica in favour of 32 Moured by hinting to the Prescrican of the Buned of Contro, but he had it is power Parliment to fore in a cebam As slin Amour' case; tot in the cherastonces succions will intrude themelsea which at in mot easy to disynd \n\nThe righe Flute-Cock Tail, 1; Peg Tupe, 2; Tiny, 3: \n\nTelegram. 4 \n\nThe ingken Cuga-Sydney, 1; Cheertal, 2 Vaugueril, 8. The dis-Touiz 1 Spot, ; Cock Tail 3, \n\nChelato, 4 72 Pailon, 1; Deuil. 2. \n\nThe finch Marks Rocket, Bay Midleton, 2. \n\nThe Shanghae Pork Cup —Syota, 1; Maiciite, 2; Tapas, \n\n3. \n\nSECOND DAY. \n\nThe fisher Flame-Tiege, walked oven, \n\nThe Swing Cry-Cacetent, 1; Cheerful, 2; Vanguard, \n\n3. \n\nThe China-sup-Blank Coelaten, 1: Topaz. 2; Lakin i \n\nThe T'antica Cap---Coverfil. 1: Shali, 2; Drutd, 8, The Hunt Strikellow Zack, Rocket, 2: Tartar, 3. After the figh vene, in the second day, a match was Parween, Mr. Recens guy Are pobytynen, and Mr. Benadier's black Cafe piny Tube, which was won \n\nGarne. \n\nWe pronoun an epilar in the count of 7%. Batsby mini iko es dreient of the board of Contd. We are will \n\nthat fact of both lisa hart ht \n\nThis will the deutet \n\narists cl \n\navember of the Homme Camus in a \n\nThe following extracts in the Hurkura wnd Englishmas. Calcutta papers, will be read with \n\nun riser as preferring a sai to the lease if interest anal satisfaction by the Colonists of be is lined to \"eir veneration from the air for a Hongkong, if the Pandies are landed here, and po \n\ning the sun elsewhere, if the mean He that doubt with equal satisfaction by General Van \n\nare il gratuitously in the Hour by the name tur \n\nStrasbenzre if such galbut and ready soldiers are placed under his charge. We do not like \n\nengaged is allen wat align and are public civic of the Chatte, whenleigh them drada a dealer fee site's claims in the flow of Corsake y comments, for it by n chase the regiments reach bare without racing their barge conectanapur his eliumiven conrægur dance of com region may be enfly tired by mandors th heers (insult them Pardy met vertaily will House of Come and in the Eccrtine Government, Such a state of stairs is const unsatisfactory even b we shall have some gallant ofboer of ours dawn maky now, star), But supposing that the entire itone Adastraling of India were vested in a single mon ne with the assertion that never was there Minister of the Corn she is to the House of a more loyal or better behaved regiment in Culosis, with wild traptations would the integrity of Our representatives in the legislature le tona feet Atler Majesty's service. We had a sample of it it is, wo have had at one time a Narab Susa, Rajans the other day in the case of the 70th, when a \n\nCaptain Hates, of the \n\nThe hophardment is to be in very low time, aud \n\n1. Suppers and Miners, 59th Regiment, Royal Artillery, stores and mention, \n\nThe French Nawai Brigale, stoves, &c. \n\n3. The Naval Brigade, under the ader of Commodore the 1o. 4. 6. 1, B Esot. \n\n4. The Naval Brigade from Cantun. \n\n5. Lieulcunt.Cola.et lemon's battalica of Royal Marines, & \n\nd. Cutearl Holowry's Brigade of Royal Marines, &c, (Waru last heet of No. £ has passed, No. 2 will com meece, and on with: the remainder \n\nThe duration of the French forces will be eritraded by Capta Reinan:], fg captein; the British troops and Royal Marines by Major the Bon. H. Cidord \n\nThe British Naval Brigade, by Captain W. K. Hall.\n\n... acutalo.\n\nThe following will be the disposition of the united forces after landing:\n\nBritish Naval Brigade on the right.\n\nCentre bridge, composed of Lieutenant-Colonel Lemon's provano instalion, 19th Regiment, Royal Artillery, and Sapiers.\n\nPreucia bridge on the inft\n\nColonel Holloway's brigade in reserve, with Royal Marine Artillery,\n\nAfter getting into position the allied forces will remain still to cancuston, and the mail leaving; I must therefore defer instheer det üle to the next rpportunity. † in line of contianova elutus of brigade audil further...\n\nI bwe, &c.\n\nC. T. VAN STinerszre, M jur General,\n\nCommanding Traps in China,\n\nPort Gongh is now heng oerapied.\n\nThe Right Hon.\n\nthe Secretary of Stue for \n\nWar, C., * \n\nADMIRAL SEYMOUR'S DESPATIUU.\n\nAdmiralty, Fuurorg 15. Despoteker, of which the following me cans, bure en verived by the Lords Commissioners of the! Astrahy Trout Kee-Sentral Sir Michael Seyavour,\n\nOrumates at CANYON \n\nNo. 357.\n\nHer Majesty's ship Coromandri,\n\nnt fan. De ch SirMy letter (No.343) of the 13th ist. courzved \n\nPuins to the fures of the Allied Power, and that u \n\nthe indigence of the raceable regation of ionsh letter had seen vent in t. You, the Lagerial High Cour mission, by the ass-furs of the Allied Powers, stating the deamus of the two Gavernitects, d rating ten days for a consideration of the same, lailing earnered against the city of Citati.\n\nplane with which, conise mesures would be 2. The Brigade of Royal Mears et igal Maries Actriery mere inediately wasis dought up to the i \n\nunders for an advaner, watch will be made to a position \n\nfor vise night, y reparatury to active service us the follow-\n\nnig andag. \n\nM. Skrmore, Rent.Adesiral. \n\nComander-in-Chief of Her Britannic \n\nMajesty's Noynt Purees. \n\nRear-Adesira \n\nC. HowerDA GENOT13.1.T \n\nComewi'kiet af 1Fix Emperial \n\nAlajesty's Naval Forces. \n\nCT VAN STRAL BENZ, Major Lien, Commanding the Alinary Force, \n\nGENERAL MEMORANDUM. Carouane), Canton, Deectner 26, 1857.\n\nThe Nuva! Brigade of seanien will be in three divisions. The divisions will be tald off into companies, each stvising gomorracing No. 1. md the last timber cop. rames is 1st tumi 2e devisions will be composed of boats' \n\ncrewy. \n\n(A) Actre, blgethon, and guulmate, \n\n() Me. Puade, Crnizer, Tornet, and a gunhast. \n\nNumrud, Surprise, 1 agone, Mares, a gunboals. After se p, the three fut-anted ships will after sheir genka 18 will, after one qui, aiter their fire to the north- east with gate. fire to the ty and Gough's Lighrere Alarmcast and \n\nSea Supplemen \n\n} \n\n} \n\n## GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\nWith reference to the Validity of Marriages...\n\nHis Excellency SR JOHN BOWRING, Kaight, L., Her Majesty's Poipotentiary and Chief Superintendent of Trade in China &c., &c. has received a Despatch from The Right Honorable Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs...\n\nBy Order,\n\nG. W. CAINE. Superintendency of Trade, Victoria, Hongkong, 26th April, 1858. No. 7\n\n| \n| --- \n| --- \n\njudicious to let it be generally own where and how Chinese having walled, tough the obstinate deteriou the large reinforcement of Pay at the presidency hastian winch as chuterised the proceeding of the een lucnted. Three times the same nombe: of sepoya, Imperial Commissioner from October 21, 1956, oching with all the respectude cam-uds of Barnkport, could remained for the Commanders of the Allied Furces but 15 address the Imperia. Commissiouer, wai to muery into but little, even if they did their worst, but talve \n\ni nens and anuseless panes are any tring fat dignied execution the painful alternative of attacking Centon, Jerorols, would be more effectsly avoided by wich was conquced at daylight this ring. The da:ture of the pucket will prevent my giving say funk revelation of actual wrangements than j \n\ninither reports. I am now on the point of joining the studied reticence which only lends to mystification and forces asembarking at Kuyer's Talked for the zasault on surpicion, -nnd very often reduces the very offre it is \n\nthe city walls, intended a prevent \n\nTur Fagfxman of 23rd Mauch on the same subject, remarks \n\nThe 47th Regt. N. I have nerived, and are vuramped on the glacis of Fort William; they are about 379 strong \n\nof all grace, native officers mari sepoys, and is the Government have ordered Colonel Port, Command FOREIGN OFPics, Alarch 9, 1950. \n\ning, to rerait the Regiment with Malen. Brigadier SIR, eve under my consideration, and have | Corfich with this topiment and the 65th N. I. new en referred to the proper Law Advisers of the Crow, the way down, will leave by the 16th proximo. your Despatches Nos. 452 and 7 of the 26th of \n\nFLOWERS FROM THE INDIAN PAPERS. December and 9d of January last, on the subject of \n\nThe Athene reples mure we to our elrage of the doubts when hel arisen as to the Validity of the \n\nAs we cannot consent to sally our Marriages of British Sabjre's at Chinese Ports; and literary larceny. \n\nges with language ru is seldom beard erido I have to acquaint yaa, in reply, that the Statute i2 \n\nappliers, which on being bitted. se i noceary, for tim. de approvation of the Board of Controt, was materially al. by B1. Fordon sit The reply, as orglundly homed by the Court of Directors, was in vlect, that the Amy's care and on Judicially decided, and that they ans rezson to reverse the decision. The reply, as indi Sed by Me. Vernon Site, was in effent, that if the Amer would zezer his native country, and exert himself in half of the English Government, his real right he Argarable mitezinimesi. These series, fr. But declares, firmad gratully, and simply from his covention of the juice of the Ameer's cline. But in ariston to these parcier Mr. Gutt rent to posed to Failid to argo the Anect's Shell her. For the filter service Mr. Hah desit het theas to receive in all 19,1001, and thut off this She has actually received southing more than 2000. Mr. Butt deolares ther be still holds himself sound to proceed to hulin if the Ameer insists upon it; her in the event of Mr. Bart's aching latelet te lo be will and 13 Victoria, Cap. 68, inponeering Consul topolhouse, our readers must be sausted with our report of fund the money recusat it he is dy preserred solomuze Mariages, does not affect the valulity of, the substance of it. Elis rejoinder is, that our charge of fum pracoding to tudi by the Ameer and his advisers or in any way interfere with, any Marriages which flebing terms the Sproutor is an unmitigated file- arriving at the conclusia thuc his services are not quired would have been valid independently of that Statute, ho,\" and he taunts with being no gentleman. it Here, he will retain the money received. This is, tho \n\nin which category are Mariages celebrated in Chiantik big too on the subject of horsewhips\" and best if our abilty, a tuir and eerut katement of the sub \n\nby Ministers of the Church of England, according horsepouts.\" Bur the strong point agniuss us, ju tja \n\nopis, is our want of gentility. Patial Lects prevad lutorg tår i omories of the House f \n\nto the forms of that Church. \n\nthur contemporary reminds one of the Bath fontman in Pickwick; he can endure anything low.\" When Now, to what do these facts a nuné? Mr. Batt is s Babe of the House of Commons, of a tribunal which and to the Validity of Marriages veiebrated by a \n\nthe public are at a loss for a referee on alkat concerus might intre lawn called aga to procence a verdict as to Clergymen of the Church of England, and not under a gentleman\" they will know wher, to had one. dre justice or injustice due treatment of All Marra by the At 12 and 13 Victoria, Cap. 66, at Macau \n\nLouisana \n\nadi nggala urged 16 Mourial to agipeal lo \n\nM. Mut, Leo, \n\nWith regard to the case fepecially referred to \n\nif \n\nThe deferee, we have already calist characteristic. \n\n6. I beg 10 es, close copies of two General Orders of the 26th instant, and of lemoranda issued by Major- General Van Straubensee, containing the monesancy arzangements for the struck, which I hage will put their lordships in full possession of our intended proceedings. 3. Í have pleasure in reporting that the most perfect umadinty exvts between the Commanders-in-thigï of The allied forces. \n\nI have, .. (Signed) \n\n31. SKY, Bea-Amira and Commanter-in-Chie?. \n\nTo the \n\nSecretary of the Admiralty, \n\nLoudon \n\nGENERAL ORDER. \n\nBefore Canton, December, 1857. The uvala nilitory commander-in-chief of the aisted forces before Cantun love agreed to the following ander of operativas against the city. First bombardme to conxuráce at daylight on Monday morning the 28th of December. \n\nThe sirps and vessels numed in the acte juoder, letter \n\nA) on the signed hereafter indient being made, wilt open fire on the south-west angica of the city wells, with a view to breach them, and impede the communication \n\nThe ships and vessels poused in the net (under letter \n\nThe Gina Cartumqui of India; a transsi which Nie. Baltsgain i Marsa is Chinese Territory, and not a Portuguest | The pickpochyt when arraignai before the Magistrate, of the Chinese troops along thei: parapets to the ent it would appear, actually took some initiatory reps, which precision, such Mauriages 11 be valid as being har generdly hur one answer to wake,-\"it's all a Fed wight have seen servince to the Ameer half as been galebrated in China, Pazar Country. If, however, your wushup.\" We are therefore no more surpriced at hunght be the tribusi of which he was ember. Macao is a possession of Portugal, then it has a the exam's coarse denial than at his blastering), wear the Dutch Folly, with a staritar osject, wit A me wither of the funer of Compune stonde in the core Christian Law of Marriage, as its lex moci,\" and threats, at that the pubic way judge on which ends breach the city walls opposite the Viceroy's residence; Inion to the pimenting even of any individui applying \n\nto met \n\n(Signed) MALMESBURY. \n\nSia Joy Bowring, \n\nBec., N., & \n\nTrue Cops. \n\n11. F. HANCE. \n\nthe mortare in the Dutch Fully, and the Niger and Avalauele, 1.kewise sbetting the city heights auf Gough three insicuess ont of many at our dispoed, in which the Aina has appropiated without actueledgment heights. \n\nThe ships and vessels named in the note (under letter whunt he found in journal. The racier of the ex wination of the Military Female phan Asylum C), beruse the Dutch Folly and the French Folly, will pubished by the Aham was made up entirely from apen fire on the Rooth-east ungles of the new and ell what had appeared the previous day in the Spector, elty walls, mud the walls ferning the east side of the city. These time several nacks will couuence simul without the slightest arkludgment the fuder's) Charge at the opsing the last Sessions repertet for taseously, wira a white csiga shall be hoisted at the fore the Ann, mail a yelaw dug us a corresponding this carnal, was similaris fched the reports of the trinis for funpiracy, the two of most interest, appeared sigral at the spule he listed at the fure of the in the Athena aise the day after they were publised Phugction. \n\nThe Horet end the Avalanche wild repeat these signals A still are at theit fore so long as the Angs shall remain Byug on \n\nthe before mentioned shipa \n\nsit j'fusion, that a judya iter in the run or Manages of British Sabjects anort, in order to be the guilt of \"falschod\" iles, with mension two or \n\nWet wein de said of judge widertunk valid, he adenized there esther in accordance with conse or saticier for a site who had brough, or such lex leci,\" or with the Provisions of the Act \n\nin bring, actions in de curt? The iniquity are mentioned.-1 am, &c., ach step in any incrad a little tem prave by the consider the lye har, or had not received re- mueratina f his seres ful bun pliced biawety in the wharf whition of being with by price that he be mil preciera remuneration for undertaking to as me $5. iend's sent before a tribuent of vehich he to \"use of the anashers. He has aceste promise of 10,0004, for his services, sart of thị sùm he estually trevived more anne ut The urging of the Amcer à aut span the ludia \n\nW take the following short notice of the Khang in the Spectator, almost verbatim, whion & single torrent is one este act, whether the erfarin \n\nflagrant case of Newspaper dishonesty, nceurred in on- ting, the insete the line of it, or has Spring Meeting from the North-Ching Herald whisper whence the apolis were stolen. the juce the tivard Camiral in Cannon-run. it of the 24th olim. The commis mun who so osion with the articultural Exhibition, when the serar di Tu say that make do improper for ft. But to aventry for urging a se before the Howe of ham sold people here at our anal meeting has been the revive the report of the Prizes from the cautioned day and night, net in exceed per each gun carrying off all the good things of Secretary, w the express coulition that he should, is employed 60 rounds during the Best 3 uurs, except f which it is in, but then it would be a right and fortanste \n\n\"We wander who rode our cormity with the usage of the Press on icse oc- the ships under letter C. which will fire 100 rounds. \n\nThey were proper for him to wipe the end beture the Ligure of Chanan, the Northern turt. \n\nCasics, end slips so the Speci \n\nfudiately the bunchardment open the landing of the attic forces will take place at the creek in' Küper an, of the man tinte, kifor a sane her trimmal, provided be ezig recessed reaeration, for the tertives let here the old friend raid. Yellow Jack and Tartar are with e, at the east of Leuils as well as of honesty. The \n\nThe dist heul mom is welcome to the use of vagulang words Pussage, when there the British and French dags will batur. His obvious that by such decision the door to abwe be found in the Hwek Stakes. art by rite oper. Nothing more would be tryniced never have been elsewhere --- \n\nwhich like utty her about he worbi did an enlty be planted in the following order, commencing a day- in eaing, if Palled upon to do so; we will conline onr \n\nlight- to end a remier if Parliament to pochert with perfect; \n\nThe mail, that apology for au many lanes, is urged by \n\nsives har fiets. It is of some consentence that safety a renumeration as Parliamentary agent, u \n\njon which he was onlied in devide as lielige by cerforming war sareporter as a plea for 101 furnishing 18, ki this the public should know that the journal which has won adition acres in his client cost of deces, et clurging issay, with the fall, time and parimer pronunt of the \n\nFor itself the reputation of being acivali in squerility Taxes that came off on Wednesday and Friday in this sproper timotely large for for them. We will not, in \n\ntatau kitowledge, afirm that the committee of \n\nThe stud was graced by the presence of many of car fair residents, and the intervals between the races were enlivened by the music of the of 11. M. S. Higher Adly tout for the occultat: \n\nFIRST DAY. \n\nThe Wung Plate-Spota, 1; Muischite, 2; Dred. 33 \n\nBlack Cockatoo, i. \n\nTHE CHINESE DESPATCHES. THE BOMBARDMENT OF CAYTON. \n\nWAR OFFICE. Fra Mazt, February 15 \n\nThe Secretary of State for War but this day received & despute, of which the following is a copy, addressed is lord chip by Major Geveral C. T, Vas Strubeuzes, C. B., commanding are Majesty's Land Forces in Chan \n\nCenton, December 29, 1857. \n\nMy Lord-I have great satisfactios in reporting that Canton city was ermaisded muud eaptured this day at nine o'clock, with a more trifling losa das enuld have been expected. liceat emulatios was displaye 1 by the whole Allied Force, ten-st whom the greatest cordiality and god feeling into \n\nWe have to deplore the low Royal Suvy, els of Liestemt fiske, of the 59 Regie In stenaut Bowen, ct the me regiment, has tree seriously wounded, \n\nAll \n\nand misrepresentata, is as dishonest in soull thing as The Flea of Comes applied to inquire in Mr. Bersoek; we can therefore only give the places of the brass \n\nSpretter case has come to such a monstrous decisiour; but if it hits and ponies as they came in, which we do on the best. With fius exposure we leave him-Medran \n\nThe intimation arributed to Sir. Jaries Gesinam shut authority, sed promise a graphic report in or next. \n\nThe weather and ground was favorable on the whole, ties of the resolutions was an acquittal of Isan Sasho charge of inproperly enjoying bis prillon bach days, thongh there was a greas outrast; then e is a member of Le 1s of Con alyst day be hot, with a southerly with, and the ther- escuptible of ach an interpretation-it ili ose electors memeter in the shule at 80°, and on Friday, a cold nor- tur be an incir qurd visst the sing why we for strictherly wind was hiewing, and the hormoneter at 63. \n\nPiwili place himself sack $19- It had rained a god deal the night before, hat the wind jście position \n\nAnd dried the course pretty well.\" this tunction The part which Ms. Butt han played cannot be appruched less his negetation with the x-reshient of the art of Corral are taken into account. Mr Vermilch admits that he had repeated emmunications with Mr. Butt-vethal aud epilary-on the subject of the class of Ali Mvered. Of in excep Timock was kept me the lacters are said to have bren private autoosidential. It is possible, Therefore, bu learn with certainty what was the lure of the comuneulea- tions. But this is certain, il subsequently to these inter- Venom Sto altered a dras lurzer 1935 [ektors, Mr. nd the Court of Directors refusing to entertain the Ameer's application, iuro a letter couraging him to return to Sciarie by long at the lope Sut i li mi nital Ala to the Buglial Governinect something arigat he does to him. The only reasna, sseigned for too parišal revered fa inficial teuer, on the strengt of private, sureverteil enamiestis, is that the siteure appenced inrse; but M. Vernon Sanita gave the contest la stand Und Je very reluctant to have sue Ameer's new debaresi à l'aclinent while the Bengal insurrection was it progress, Mr. But having gives it frommilostared theit die hunt informed the ex-Pretent of the Beart of Country of his having tuged the user and his friends to bring the wise 'fore Parlia ne. We r TL entitled to say that Mr. Batt obtained the centerscica in favour of 32 Moured by hinting to the Prescrican of the Buned of Contro, but he had it is power Parliment to fore in a cebam As slin Amour' case; tot in the cherastonces succions will intrude themelsea which at in mot easy to disynd \n\nThe righe Flute-Cock Tail, 1; Peg Tupe, 2; Tiny, 3: \n\nTelegram. 4 \n\nThe ingken Cuga-Sydney, 1; Cheertal, 2 Vaugueril, 8. The dis-Touiz 1 Spot, ; Cock Tail 3, \n\nChelato, 4 72 Pailon, 1; Deuil. 2. \n\nThe finch Marks Rocket, Bay Midleton, 2. \n\nThe Shanghae Pork Cup —Syota, 1; Maiciite, 2; Tapas, \n\n3. \n\nSECOND DAY. \n\nThe fisher Flame-Tiege, walked oven, \n\nThe Swing Cry-Cacetent, 1; Cheerful, 2; Vanguard, \n\n3. \n\nThe China-sup-Blank Coelaten, 1: Topaz. 2; Lakin i \n\nThe T'antica Cap---Coverfil. 1: Shali, 2; Drutd, 8, The Hunt Strikellow Zack, Rocket, 2: Tartar, 3. After the figh vene, in the second day, a match was Parween, Mr. Recens guy Are pobytynen, and Mr. Benadier's black Cafe piny Tube, which was won \n\nGarne. \n\nWe pronoun an epilar in the count of 7%. Batsby mini iko es dreient of the board of Contd. We are will \n\nthat fact of both lisa hart ht \n\nThis will the deutet \n\narists cl \n\navember of the Homme Camus in a \n\nThe following extracts in the Hurkura wnd Englishmas. Calcutta papers, will be read with \n\nun riser as preferring a sai to the lease if interest anal satisfaction by the Colonists of be is lined to \"eir veneration from the air for a Hongkong, if the Pandies are landed here, and po \n\ning the sun elsewhere, if the mean He that doubt with equal satisfaction by General Van \n\nare il gratuitously in the Hour by the name tur \n\nStrasbenzre if such galbut and ready soldiers are placed under his charge. We do not like \n\nengaged is allen wat align and are public civic of the Chatte, whenleigh them drada a dealer fee site's claims in the flow of Corsake y comments, for it by n chase the regiments reach bare without racing their barge conectanapur his eliumiven conrægur dance of com region may be enfly tired by mandors th heers (insult them Pardy met vertaily will House of Come and in the Eccrtine Government, Such a state of stairs is const unsatisfactory even b we shall have some gallant ofboer of ours dawn maky now, star), But supposing that the entire itone Adastraling of India were vested in a single mon ne with the assertion that never was there Minister of the Corn she is to the House of a more loyal or better behaved regiment in Culosis, with wild traptations would the integrity of Our representatives in the legislature le tona feet Atler Majesty's service. We had a sample of it it is, wo have had at one time a Narab Susa, Rajans the other day in the case of the 70th, when a \n\nCaptain Hates, of the \n\nThe hophardment is to be in very low time, aud \n\n1. Suppers and Miners, 59th Regiment, Royal Artillery, stores and mention, \n\nThe French Nawai Brigale, stoves, &c. \n\n3. The Naval Brigade, under the ader of Commodore the 1o. 4. 6. 1, B Esot. \n\n4. The Naval Brigade from Cantun. \n\n5. Lieulcunt.Cola.et lemon's battalica of Royal Marines, & \n\nd. Cutearl Holowry's Brigade of Royal Marines, &c, (Waru last heet of No. £ has passed, No. 2 will com meece, and on with: the remainder \n\nThe duration of the French forces will be eritraded by Capta Reinan:], fg captein; the British troops and Royal Marines by Major the Bon. H. Clidord \n\nThe British Naval Brigade, by Captain W. K. Hall.\n\n... acutalo.\n\nThe following will be the disposition of the united forces after landing:\n\n| Unit | Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| British Naval Brigade | Right |\n| Centre bridge | Composed of Lieutenant-Colonel Lemon's battalion, 19th Regiment, Royal Artillery, and Sapiers |\n| Preucia bridge | Left |\n| Colonel Holloway's brigade | Reserve, with Royal Marine Artillery |\n\nAfter getting into position the allied forces will remain...\n\nC. T. VAN STRAUBENZEE, Major General,\n\nCommanding Traps in China,\n\nPort Gongh is now being occupied.\n\nThe Right Hon.\n\nthe Secretary of State for \n\nWar, C., * \n\nADMIRAL SEYMOUR'S DESPATIUU.\n\nAdmiralty, Fuurorg 15. Despoteker, of which the following me cans, bure en verived by the Lords Commissioners of the! Astrahy Trout Kee-Sentral Sir Michael Seyavour,\n\nOrumates at CANYON \n\nNo. 357.\n\nHer Majesty's ship Coromandri,\n\nnt fan. De ch SirMy letter (No.343) of the 13th ist. courzved \n\nPuins to the fures of the Allied Power, and that u \n\nthe indigence of the raceable regation of ionsh letter had seen vent in t. You, the Lagerial High Cour mission, by the ass-furs of the Allied Powers, stating the deamus of the two Gavernitects, d rating ten days for a consideration of the same, lailing earnered against the city of Citati.\n\nplane with which, conise mesures would be 2. The Brigade of Royal Mears et igal Maries Actriery mere inediately wasis dought up to the i \n\nunders for an advaner, watch will be made to a position \n\nfor vise night, y reparatury to active service us the follow-\n\nnig andag. \n\nM. Skrmore, Rent.Adesiral. \n\nComander-in-Chief of Her Britannic \n\nMajesty's Noynt Purees. \n\nRear-Adesira \n\nC. HowerDA GENOT13.1.T \n\nComewi'kiet af 1Fix Emperial \n\nAlajesty's Naval Forces. \n\nCT VAN STRAL BENZ, Major Lien, Commanding the Alinary Force, \n\nGENERAL MEMORANDUM. Carouane), Canton, Deectner 26, 1857.\n\nThe Nuva! Brigade of seanien will be in three divisions. The divisions will be tald off into companies, each stvising gomorracing No. 1. md the last timber cop. rames is 1st tumi 2e devisions will be composed of boats' \n\ncrewy. \n\n(A) Actre, blgethon, and guulmate, \n\n() Me. Puade, Crnizer, Tornet, and a gunhast. \n\nNumrud, Surprise, 1 agone, Mares, a gunboals. After se p, the three fut-anted ships will after sheir genka 18 will, after one qui, aiter their fire to the north- east with gate. fire to the ty and Gough's Lighrere Alarmcast and \n\nSea Supplemen \n\n} \n\n}",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12].txt",
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        "id": 245380,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-069 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "page_number": 459,
        "title": "CO129-069 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "content_text": "## Passage from Hongkong to the undermentioned Places for Ships propelled by sails with the aid of auxiliary screws worked by steam.\n\nNew Caledonia,  \nCalifornia, or West Coast of America, North of the Equator, West Coast of South America, South of the Equator, Sandwich Islands,  \nSydney, Melbourne, or South Australia,  \nVan Diemen's Land,  \nNew Zealand,  \nWestern Australia,  \nManila,  \nSingapore,  \nBatavia,  \nCeylon,  \nBombay,  \nMadras and Calcutta,  \nMauritius,  \nCape of Good Hope,  \nWest Indies, or East Coast of America,  \nGreat Britain and Europe,  \nSiam,\n\n|                  | IN THE MONTHS October to March. | IN THE MONTHS April to September, (both inclusive.) |\n| :--------------- | :------------------------------ | :------------------------------------------------- |\n| New Caledonia    | ...                             | ...                                                |\n| California, etc. | 76 days                         | 59 days                                            |\n| Sydney, etc.     | 97                              | 97                                                 |\n| Van Diemen's Land| 27                              | 13                                                 |\n| New Zealand      | 58                              | 44                                                 |\n| Western Australia| ...                              | ...                                                |\n| Manila           | 70                              | 70                                                 |\n| Singapore        | 35                              | ...                                                |\n| Batavia          | 51                              | 65                                                 |\n| Ceylon           | 37                              | \"                                                  |\n| Bombay           | 34                              | 46                                                 |\n| Madras and Calcutta | 29                          | 50                                                 |\n| Mauritius        | 62                              | 59                                                 |\n| Cape of Good Hope| 70                              | JJ                                                 |\n| West Indies, etc.| 20                              | 16                                                 |\n| Great Britain, etc.| 15                           | 30                                                 |\n| Siam             | 12                              | 20                                                 |\n|                  | 40                              | 25                                                 |\n|                  | 29                              | 35                                                 |\n|                  | 52                              | ...                                                |\n|                  | 17                              | 39                                                 |\n|                  | 53                              | J                                                  |\n|                  | 47                              | 61                                                 |\n|                  | JJ                              | JJ                                                 |\n|                  | 12                              | 48                                                 |\n|                  | 61                              | 57                                                 |\n|                  | 69                              | \"                                                  |\n|                  | 31                              | 121                                                |\n|                  | 136                             | 39                                                 |\n|                  | JJ                              | 130                                                |\n|                  | 143                             | 15                                                 |\n|                  | 30                              | \"                                                  |\n\nGiven under my Hand and Seal of the Colony, at the Government Offices, Victoria, Hongkong, this 17th Day of November, in the Year of Our Lord, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Fifty-eight, and in the Twenty-second Year of Her Majesty's Reign.\n\n[L.S.]  \nBy His Excellency's Command,  \n**GOD SAVE THE QUEEN.**  \nFRED. FORTH, Acting Colonial Secretary.\n\nGentlemen,\n\nI am directed by the Secretary to transmit to you, for any suggestions and observations which you may have to offer, the enclosed Despatch from the Governor of Hongkong relative to the length of passage from Hongkong for ships propelled by Steam. I am also to enclose a copy of Sir E. B. Lytton's Despatch relative to the Governor's power to make distinction between the length of voyages of Steam Ships.\n\nYour obedient humble Servant,  \nRassels  \nThe Emigration Commissioners.  \nF.F.B.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-069 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 249739,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-078 - Sir Robinson - 1860 [7-12]",
        "page_number": 381,
        "title": "CO129-078 - Sir Robinson - 1860 [7-12]",
        "content_text": "ART. II. It is further expressly declared, that the arrangement entered into at Shanghai, between Great Britain and Ireland, to retain a force, until the indemnity of eight millions of taels, guaranteed in Article IV of the Treaty of one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, between Her Britannic Majesty's Ambassador the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, and His Imperial Majesty's Commissioners Kweiliang and Hwashana, regarding the residence of Her Britannic Majesty's Representative in China, is hereby cancelled, and that, in accordance with Article III of the Treaty of one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, Her Britannic Majesty's Representative will henceforward reside, permanently, or occasionally, at Peking, as Her Britannic Majesty shall be pleased to decide.\n\nELGIN AND KINCARDINE.\n\nART. III. It is agreed that the separate Article of the Treaty of one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight is hereby annulled, and that in lieu of the amount of indemnity therein specified, His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China shall pay the sum of eight millions of taels, in the following proportions or instalments, namely:-At Tien-tsin, on or before the 30th day of November, the sum of five hundred thousand taels; at Canton, on or before the first day of December, one thousand eight hundred and sixty, three hundred and thirty-three thousand three hundred and thirty-three taels, less the sum which shall have been advanced by the Canton authorities, towards the completion of the British Factory site of Shameen; and the remainder at the ports open to foreign trade, in quarterly payments, which shall consist of one-fifth of the gross revenue from Customs there collected; the first of the said payments being due on the thirty-first day of December, one thousand eight hundred and sixty, for the quarter terminating on that day.\n\nIt is further agreed that these monies shall be paid into the hands of an officer whom Her Britannic Majesty's Representative shall specially appoint to receive them, and that the accuracy of the amounts shall, before payment, be duly ascertained by British and Chinese officers appointed to discharge this duty.\n\nIn order to prevent future discussion, it is moreover declared that of the eight millions of taels herein guaranteed, two millions will be appropriated to the indemnification of the British Mercantile Community at Canton, for losses sustained by them; and the remaining six millions to the liquidation of war expenses.\n\nSeal of Chinese Plenipotentiary.\n\nSignature of Chinese Plenipotentiary.\n\nTREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION, BETWEEN HER MAJESTY AND THE EMPEROR OF CHINA. SIGNED AT TIEN-TSIN, JUNE 26TH, 1858. RATIFICATIONS EXCHANGED AT PEKING, OCTOBER 24TH, 1860.\n\nHer Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous to put an end to the existing misunderstanding between the two countries, and to place their relations on a more satisfactory footing in future, have resolved to proceed to a revision and improvement of the Treaties existing between them; and for that purpose, have named their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:\n\nHer Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, a Peer of the United Kingdom, and Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle;\n\nAnd His Majesty the Emperor of China, the High Commissioners Kweiliang, a Senior Chief of State, styled of the East Cabinet, Captain-General of the Plain White Banner of the Manchu Banner Force, Superintendent-General of the administration of Criminal Law; and Hwashana, one of His Imperial Majesty's Expositors of the Classics, Manchu President of the Office for the regulation of the Civil Establishment, Captain-General of the Bordered Blue Banner of the Chinese Banner Force, and Visitor of the Office of Interpretation;\n\nWho, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, and found them to be good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles:\n\nART. I.-The Treaty of Peace and Amity between the two nations, signed at Nanking on the twenty-ninth day of August, in the year eighteen hundred and forty-two, is hereby renewed and confirmed.\n\nART. IV. It is agreed that on the day on which this Convention is signed, His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China shall open the port of Tien-tsin to trade, and that it shall be thereafter competent to British subjects to reside and trade there, under the same conditions as at any other port of China by Treaty open to trade.\n\nART. V.-As soon as the ratifications of the Treaty of one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight shall have been exchanged, His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China will, by Decree, command the high authorities of every province to proclaim throughout their jurisdictions, that Chinese choosing to take service in the British Colonies, or other parts beyond sea, are at perfect liberty to enter into engagements with British subjects for that purpose, and to ship themselves and their families on board any British vessel at any of the open ports of China; also that the high authorities aforesaid shall, concert with Her Britannic Majesty's Representative in China, frame such regulations for the protection of Chinese emigrating as above, as the circumstances of the different open ports may demand.\n\nART. VI. With a view to the maintenance of law and order in and about the harbour of Hongkong, His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to cede to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and to Her Heirs and Successors, to have and to hold as a dependency of Her Britannic Majesty's Colony of Hongkong, that portion of the township of Cowloon, in the province of Kwangtung, of which a lease was granted in perpetuity to Harry Smith Parkes, Esquire, Companion of the Bath, a Member of the Allied Commission at Canton, on behalf of Her Britannic Majesty's Government, by Lau Tsung-kwang, Governor-General of the two Kwang.\n\nIt is further declared, that the lease in question is hereby cancelled; that the claims of any Chinese to property on the said portion of Cowloon shall be duly investigated by a mixed Commission of British and Chinese officers, and that compensation shall be awarded by the British Government to any Chinese whose claim shall be by the said Commission established, should his removal be deemed necessary by the British Government.\n\nART. VII.-It is agreed that the provisions of the Treaty of one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, except in so far as these are modified by the present Convention, shall, without delay, come into operation, as soon as the ratifications of the Treaty aforesaid shall have been exchanged. It is further agreed, that no separate ratification of the present Convention shall be necessary, but that it shall take effect from the date of its signature, and be equally binding with the Treaty above mentioned on the High Contracting Parties.\n\nART. VIII.—It is agreed that, as soon as the ratifications of the Treaty of the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, shall have been exchanged, His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China shall, by Decree, command the high authorities in the capital, and in the provinces, to print and publish the aforesaid Treaty and the present Convention, for general information.\n\nART. IX. It is agreed that, as soon as this Convention shall have been signed, the ratifications of the Treaty of the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight shall have been exchanged, and an Imperial Decree respecting the publication of the said Convention and Treaty shall have been promulgated, as provided for by Article VIII of this Convention, Chusan shall be evacuated by Her Britannic Majesty's troops there stationed, and Her Britannic Majesty's force now before Peking shall commence its march towards the city of Tien-tsin, the forts of Taku, the North Coast of Shantung, and the city of Canton, at each or all of which places, it shall be at the option of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain to remain or not.\n\nThe Supplementary Treaty and General Regulations of Trade having been amended and improved, and the substance of their provisions having been incorporated in this Treaty, the said Supplementary Treaty and General Regulations of Trade are hereby abrogated.\n\nART. II. For the better preservation of harmony in future, Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and His Majesty the Emperor of China mutually agree that, in accordance with the universal practice of great and friendly nations, Her Majesty the Queen may, if She see fit, appoint Ambassadors, Ministers, or other Diplomatic Agents to the Court of Peking; and His Majesty the Emperor of China may in like manner, if He see fit, appoint Ambassadors, Ministers, or other Diplomatic Agents, to the Court of St. James.'\n\nArt. III.-His Majesty the Emperor of China hereby agrees, that the Ambassador, Minister, or other Diplomatic Agent, so appointed by Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, may reside, with his family and establishment, permanently at the capital, or may visit it occasionally, at the option of the British Government. He shall not be called upon to perform any ceremony derogatory to him as representing the Sovereign of an independent nation on a footing of equality with that of China. On the other hand, he shall use the same forms of ceremony and respect to His Majesty the Emperor as are employed by the Ambassadors, Ministers, or Diplomatic Agents of Her Majesty towards the Sovereigns of independent and equal European nations.\n\nIt is further agreed, that Her Majesty's Government may acquire at Peking a site for building, or will assist it in so doing. Her Majesty's Representative shall be at liberty to choose his own servants and attendants, who shall not be subjected to any kind of molestation whatever.\n\nAny person guilty of disrespect or violence to Her Majesty's Representative, or to any member of his family or establishment, in deed or word, shall be severely punished.\n\nART. IV. It is further agreed, that no obstacle or difficulty shall be made to the free movements of Her Majesty's Representative, and that he, and the persons of his suite, may come and go, and travel at their pleasure. He shall, moreover, have full liberty to send and receive his correspondence to and from any point on the sea-coast that he may select; and his letters and effects shall be held sacred and inviolable. He may employ, for their transmission, special couriers, who shall meet with the same protection and facilities for travelling as the persons employed in carrying despatches for the Imperial Government; and, generally, he shall enjoy the same privileges as are accorded to officers of the same rank by the usage and consent of Western nations.",
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    {
        "id": 250263,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860",
        "page_number": 413,
        "title": "CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860",
        "content_text": "Dr. DIE.\n\n411\n\nd of\n\nbe\n\nhad continued to play upon the enemy as long as it was possible to do without injury to our advancing Cavalry.\n\nAbout this time Stirling's half-battery, which being unable to follow the movements of Cavalry in such heavy ground, had been left with an escort of 30 of Fane's Horse, under Lieutenant Macgregor, was charged by a body of Tartar Cavalry of very superior numbers. Lieutenant Macgregor gallantly led his small party against the enemy and defeated them, many Tartars being killed, and Lieutenant Macgregor and many of his men being severely wounded.\n\nWhilst this was going on, my attention had been diverted from my right front to a large party of Tartars, who were steadily approaching the Buffs, on the left front, apparently regardless of the fire of two of Milward's guns under Lieutenant Harvey, of the Rifles, of the advanced guard, and of Rolton's rockets. They advanced to within 450 yards, and bore unflinchingly for a considerable time such a fire as would have tried any troops in the world. The 4th Brigade, under Brigadier Reeves, being similarly attacked at the same time, replied with a steady fire, which did considerable execution.\n\nAt length the courageous endurance of the enemy began to give way, and they fled from the field with precipitation.\n\nI then advanced my force towards the western end of the village of Sin-ho, and joined the Allied columns.\n\nAt no time throughout the day had we opportunity of coming into contact with the enemy's Infantry.\n\nTrusting that the objects intended by his Excellency have been carried out by the force under my command, I beg to bring to his notice the excellent conduct and discipline of the troops of all arms, during a very trying day.\n\nI am much indebted to the Brigadiers commanding the several brigades of Cavalry and of Infantry, and to the Officer commanding the Field Artillery, all of whom performed the duties intrusted to them to my entire satisfaction.\n\nI received the most valuable assistance from my divisional and personal staff, whose labours were unremitting.\n\nI beg to subjoin a list of officers whom I desire to earnestly recommend to his Excellency's favourable consideration.\n\nTo Captain Biddulph,\n\nSIR,\n\nMilitary Secretary.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) R. NAPIER, Major-General,\n\nCommanding 2d Division China Force.\n\nDESPATCH from Major-General MICHEL to Sir J. HOPE GRANT.\n\nHead Quarters, 1st Division, Camp, near Sun-ho, August 24, 1860.\n\nI HAVE the honour to report that, in obedience to the orders of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, the 1st Division, under my command, marched from Pehtang about half-past 10 A.M. on the 12th instant.\n\nOn reaching the enemy's second picket-house, which is about 900 yards from their entrenched position, skirmishers of the 1st Royals were sent to the left, and some of the 31st to the right, and shortly afterwards Colonel Barry's Battery of Armstrong's guns, and Captain Martin's Battery of 9-pounders (the whole under the command of Captain Desborough), opened fire on the enemy's entrenchment at a distance of about 800 yards; after a cannonade of twenty-five minutes, the enemy's Cavalry were seen moving to their left from the entrenchments.\n\nThe guns then advanced to within 500 yards, and played on the enemy's position, as also on the Cavalry who were moving to their right; the fire of two Armstrong guns quickly dispersed their Cavalry, and in a few minutes the advance was sounded, and the enemy's position found to be abandoned.\n\nThe enemy now retired to the entrenched village of Sin-ho, but Sir Robert Napier's Division having turned their left, the Cavalry of the enemy, in large numbers, escaped behind this village towards the Peiho Forts.\n\nThe Armstrong guns, at a range of from 2,000 to 2,500 yards, made good practice on the fugitives.\n\nThis engagement having been entirely that of Artillery, only one man of the Division was wounded,\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nJ. MICHEL, Maj.-Gen.,\n\nCommanding 1st Division.\n\n7\n\nCapture of the Ta-ku Forts.\n\nDESPATCH from Sir J. HOPE GRANT to Mr. Secretary HERBERT,\n\n(No. 38.)\n\nSIR,\n\nHead Quarters, Tang-ku,\n\nAugust 24, 1860. I HAVE the honour to report that after the capture of Tang-ku on the 14th instant, I commenced bringing up siege-guns and ammunition from Pehtang with a view to the reduction of the Uppermost Fort on the left bank of the Peiho, distant about two miles from Tang-ku.\n\nThe ground upon which it was necessary to advance was mostly of a very difficult nature, and intersected with broad and deep canals used in the manufacture of salt.\n\nI placed Major-General Sir R. Napier in charge of the advance, his Division being quartered in Tang-ku. Under his superintendence, bridges were thrown over these ditches and canals by Lieutenant-Colonel Mann, commanding Royal Engineers; and heavy guns, as per margin,* with a good supply of ammunition having been brought into Tang-ku, the 67th Regiment and an Armstrong Battery were pushed forward on the evening of the 19th, to within 2,000 yards, to cover the working parties making roads, bridges, &c. On the 20th the road was made practicable to within 800 yards of the Fort, batteries were traced, and the heavy guns were brought out ready to place in position by daybreak of the following day. The Chinese opened fire during the day, and were replied to by Captain Milward's Armstrong guns, at 2,000 yards range, with good effect, and the firing gradually ceased.\n\nDuring the night batteries were constructed for the heavy guns and mortars, and for one field battery, also for two 8-inch guns, which were brought up by great exertions from Pehtang during the night; and the whole were placed in position by daybreak of the 21st August.\n\nIt had been arranged with the Admirals that the gunboats should cross the bar that morning, and should engage the outer North Fort, and the flank of the outer South Fort, at the same time that the attack on the inner North Fort was commenced by the land forces.\n\nAt 5 A.M., however, the Chinese opened fire upon the troops from all their forts within range, and we were thus forced to reply an hour earlier than had been intended.\n\nThe Artillery was disposed as follows:-A French 24-pounder battery of 6 pieces, one English 8-inch gun, and two Armstrongs, played on the inner South Fort to keep down the fire they might otherwise have poured on our right flank. Two Armstrong guns and two 9-pounders fired from Tang-ku across the river at an entrenchment which flanked the French right; three 8-inch mortars were in the centre at 600 yards range, and to their left rear an Armstrong battery, two 32-pounder guns, and two 8-inch howitzers, all of which played on the Fort we were attacking. In addition to this, two 9-pounder guns, four 24-pounder howitzers, the remaining two Armstrong guns, and a rocket battery, were placed in the open ground about 800 yards in front of the Fort.\n\nThe storming party of Infantry consisted of a wing of the 44th, under Lieut.-Colonel MacMahon, and a wing of the 67th, under Lieut.-Colonel Thomas, supported by the other wings of those two regiments, and the Royal Marines under Lieut.-Colonel Gascoigne. A detachment of Royal Marines under Lieut.-Colonel Travers carried a pontoon bridge for crossing the wet ditches, and Major Graham, R.E., conducted the assault. The whole were commanded by Brigadier Reeves.\n\nThe fire of the Artillery was most effective, the guns of the Fort (of which many were of very large calibre), were speedily silenced, and at about 7 A.M. the magazine blew up with a terrific explosion. A few minutes later the magazine in the outer North Fort was also exploded by a shell from the gunboats.\n\nThe field guns were all advanced to within 500 yards of the fort, and redoubled their efforts.\n\nThe fire of the Forts having almost entirely ceased, a breach was commenced near the gate, and a portion of the storming party was advanced to within 30 yards to open a musketry fire, the French Infantry being on the right, the English on the left.\n\nThe fire of our Artillery being thus partially compelled to slacken, the enemy emerged from their cover, and opened a heavy fire of musketry on our troops.\n\nThe French, under General Collineau, immediately pushed on to the salient next the river, crossed the wet ditches in the most gallant manner, and established themselves on the berm, from whence they endeavoured to escalade the walls; this, however, they were unable to effect, from the vigorous resistance of the Chinese.\n\n* Two 32-pounder guns, two 8-inch howitzers, three 8-inch mortars, three 5-inch mortars.\n\nB 2",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 256223,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-091 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 551,
        "title": "CO129-091 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "529 \n\nFite aps the western half of the proposed improvements during \"N. E. Monsoon\" that the exhalations of the new turned soil should be driven directly seaward -- and not spread over the peninsula - and \"Nice versi for the Castern half. Reason and remedy simple.\n\nWith reference to the general Sanomazy the P. M. Os observations, I would only remark that I propose for adoption the same rules as I would propose for Militones Papucially the filling in from the sea \"low water\" in and reclaiming - when once up to the limits of \"low water mark\". As long as the filling in is totally submerged \"biz\" (\"under low water mark\") I do not anticipate evil Consequenaw. It is only when the sun is able to act on the wet soil (and form Malaria in consequence) that I consider these extra precautions absolutely necessary.\n\nWith reference to the P. M. Os somewhat progressive remarks relative to the non-adoption of \"Iron Barracks\" with a system of proper ventilation and interior Casing, I understand that such buildings have been already and successfully tried in W. Indies, India, Burmah, and Australia, and I consider they would answer here admirably. \n\nA short time after I arrived in this Command and witnessed the ravages of the white ants, I spoke to Major General...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-091 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [1-3].txt",
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    {
        "id": 256591,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-092 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 348,
        "title": "CO129-092 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "Page 6\n\nA description of batteries being erected at Houghing and Kontoeu, Hunghong.\n\nJune 26th 1863.\n\n  \n    Name of Battery\n    Proposed Armament\n    Remarks\n  \n  \n    Possession Point\n    13. 68. Pr\n    \n  \n  \n    North Point\n    4. 10 inch Guns\n    \n  \n  \n    West Battery\n    \n    This Battery is situated on a spur on the Western confines of the Town, about 170 feet above the harbour. Three guns are mounted here, two in one battery and one in position separately: both batteries are sunken. The Guns command the Harbour from the Western end of Stone Cutters' Island, to the extremity of Kowloon Peninsula with a range of about 2,500 yards.\n  \n  \n    East Battery\n    \n    North Point is a spur about 200 feet in height and distant between 2 and 3 miles from the town Eastward; The Battery on this point is sunken and commands with one gun the passage between North Point and the opposite projection of Kowloon on the road leading from the Eastward to Victoria, and gun bearing Eastward on the harbour. It commands hostile vessels approaching from the Eastward, and with a range of 1500 yards, to the Westward.\n  \n  \n    Kowloon\n    2. 10 inch\n5. 8 inch\n    This Battery is about 40 feet above the level of the sea and commands the harbour from the South end of Stone Cutters Island to Nellett's Island.\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    Situated on a spur about 40 feet above high water, and Commands the West and South part of the harbour.\n  \n\nBoth these Batteries are sunken.\n\n(signed)\nW.R. Clements,\nLt. R.E.\nCommanding R. Engineers in China.\n\n(True copy)\n(Signed) H. C. B. Moody,\nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\nPage 207",
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    {
        "id": 258488,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-097 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1864 [1-2] & Sir Robinson - 1864 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 24,
        "title": "CO129-097 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1864 [1-2] & Sir Robinson - 1864 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "Mr Mercer\n\nTonghong 8: Jang. 1804.\n\nto\n\nThe Duke\n\nof\n\nNewenstle.\n\nNo 2. Inclosure.\n\nRevived\n\nForwarding Circular Prospectus issued by the\n\nCity Hall Committee\n\n22\n\nCIRCULAR.\n\nThe Provisional Committee for promoting the erection of a City Hall in Hongkong desire to report the progress that has been made, up to the close of the present year, in furthering the object for which they are associated.\n\nThe principal difficulty connected with this undertaking has been to procure a site that should be at once suitable for the purpose, and in the gift of Government; it being obvious that the present high value of Land within the limits of the City made it impossible that any sum of money, which the Committee could expect to command, would prove quite sufficient if ground had to be purchased.\n\nAn application for a site at the Western Corner of the Parade Ground, immediately under Messrs. A. Heard & Co.'s Office, was promptly and liberally conceded, but, before any formal grant of the Land had been made, it was fortunately discovered that difficulties, previously thought insuperable, to the occupation of the piece of ground now partially occupied by the Harbour Master's Office, were susceptible of removal; and the Committee have the satisfaction of stating that a recommendation for a grant of that site (undoubtedly the most eligible for the purposes of a City Hall in the whole Colony) has, with the approval of the Military Authorities, been forwarded by the local Government to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and that the position of the Drinking Fountain (presented to the City by Mr. John Dent, and now in course of erection) has been determined with special reference to the dimensions and situation of the proposed Building.\n\nThe space which, it is confidently hoped, will be thus placed at the disposal of the Committee will enable them to embrace in their scheme the following accommodation:\n\nI. A Public Hall, to be called the St. Andrew's Hall, in acknowledgment of a sum of Five thousand Dollars, which has been voted to the undertaking from the surplus Funds of the late St. Andrew's School. This room will be available for Public Meetings, Public Dinners, Balls, Concerts and other public purposes.\n\nII. A Supper Room adjoining the Hall, and which, together with the Hall, can be used, when not specially required for other purposes, as an Exchange.\n\nIII. A room for the Chamber of Commerce, where files of Newspapers, Prices Current, Books of Commercial reference and Telegrams will be open to the use of Subscribers to that Institution.\n\nIV. A Public Library for the objects stated by the Trustees of the Morrison Education Society in their printed Circular of the 1st May last.\n\nV. A permanent Theatre, which will encourage visits to Hongkong by musical and histrionic artists from other parts of the East, and will obviate the necessarily heavy and unsatisfactory outlay which the frequent erection of temporary Theatres has hitherto entailed.\n\nThe remainder of the space will be absorbed by the Harbour Master's Office, which will be removed from its present position to one appropriated for it in the North Eastern angle of the intended building, in accordance with the proposal submitted by the Committee to Government for permission to use the site which that office at present partially occupies.\n\nFinished plans have not yet been prepared, and it is proposed that, at the proper time, they should be thrown open to competition, but the Committee have satisfied themselves that the space they have applied for will be ample for carrying out the various objects enumerated above on a scale which will render the intended edifice an ornament to the City, a convenience to the public, and in every way worthy of a Colony whose rapid growth and progress are the surest proofs of its wealth, enterprise and prosperity.\n\nThe urgency of the want that exists for a Public Building of this nature need scarcely be dilated on. Without diverting the Club House from its legitimate uses, at a great sacrifice of the convenience of its members, there is not in the length and breadth of the City a suitable room which can be commanded for any object of general or social interest. The difficulties that attended the Inauguration Dinner of the Volunteers, the abandonment last winter of a Masonic Ball for want of a room to hold it in, and the disadvantages to which the professional Artists at present here are exposed, are a few instances amongst very many of the inconvenience occasioned by the want of a City Hall, a want, the Committee believe, which is not shared by any other foreign Community of equal importance East of the Cape, a want which has been recently supplied at Singapore and which they trust will not be allowed much longer to serve as an indication of an absence of public spirit in Hongkong.\n\nThe preservation of the valuable collections of Books in the care of the Trustees of the Morrison Education Society, and which are threatened with decay for want of a proper place of deposit, is an object which especially commends itself as a matter of public import in a region so remote from the great centres of civilization, and where the want of standard works of reference and solid instruction makes itself continually felt.\n\nIn reference to the important question of Funds, the Committee are glad to be able to announce that they have actually in hand a sum of upwards of Fifteen Thousand Dollars, which is expected to be increased to upwards of Twenty Thousand Dollars by a Donation from the Chamber of Commerce. This amount, which has been collected from various sources without any appeal having yet been made to the Community generally, falls, however, obviously short of what will be required for the purposes contemplated, and the Committee trust that further contributions will be liberally and spontaneously tendered in support of the undertaking. Old residents, in retiring from the Colony may perhaps adopt the example of some who have preceded them and evince their interest in its progress and in the well-being of their successors by a contribution to the Fund. The payment of interest on the Canton claims also affords an opportunity for Donations of sums of no great importance individually, but which in the aggregate would materially assist the common object.\n\nThe Provisional Committee in concluding their present report, have thankfully to acknowledge the receipt of various amounts from Mr. John Dent, Mr. C. F. Still, Mr. Edward Webb, the late Mr. Angus Fletcher, the Choral Society of Hongkong, and the Trustees of the St. Andrew's School. Further Subscriptions will be received by either of the Trustees, Messrs. TURING, NOBLE and OWEN.\n\nA. TURING.\n\nH. NOBLE.\n\nR. C. R. OWEN.\n\nC. W. MURRAY,\n\nW. H. RENNIE.\n\nE. H. POLLARD.\n\nHongkong, 31st December, 1863.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-097 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1864 [1-2] & Sir Robinson - 1864 [1-3].txt",
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    {
        "id": 260817,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-103 - Others - 1864",
        "page_number": 44,
        "title": "CO129-103 - Others - 1864",
        "content_text": "4\n\nthe high testimonials of unqualified satisfaction bestowed upon me by Governors Sir Henry Pottinger, Sir John Davis, and Sir George Bonham, all of which are on record in the Colonial Office, as well as attached to this Memorial. It is right that I should exonerate his Grace the Duke of Newcastle for this supercession, it having taken place during the rule of his Grace's predecessor. In a letter from me to Lord Stanley, dated 19th July, 1858, I applied for the appointment of Governor of Singapore, on a vacancy occurring; the reply to this letter came from Sir Bulwer Lytton, then Secretary of State for the Colonies, couched in these words (No. 43 of 1st October, 1858):-\n\n\"You will inform Colonel Caine that I am aware of the value of the services rendered by him during the long and continuous period of his connection with Hong Kong, and that these will not fail to receive due weight in the event of any arrangement being adopted which would involve his removal from the office which he holds in that colony.\"\n\nOther despatches referring to and acknowledging my services from the Colonial Office are in existence: one was No. 22 of 26th March, 1859. I was instructed by the Colonial Office, in the aforesaid despatch, to send in a Memorial of my services for pension, and, not being a free agent, obedience was imperative, as is shown by my reply 91, of 20th May, 1859, herewith attached.\n\nIt was my duty to obey, and I did so; and I state this fact to show that the act itself was compulsory, but the pension, though full and adequate, has not removed the sting attached to the unjust supercession, or in the remotest manner nullified the stigma thereby adhering to my character to the end of my days. It appeared as if I were doomed to disgrace, notwithstanding that I have on three several occasions expressed to the Colonial Office my readiness to meet any charge prejudicial to my character that might be exhibited.\n\nOn 21st January, 1861, I applied to his Grace the Duke of Newcastle for re-employment in the Colonial Service, volunteering to go to any part of the world he might be pleased to order me (and since that application I have ventured to name \"Western Australia,\" \"Singapore,\" and even \"Labuan\"), a reply from the Colonial Office, dated 22nd January, 1861, is to this purport:-\"His Grace will bear in mind your wish for re-employment, but there are so many old colonial servants seeking employment at the present time, that his Grace is unable to hold out the expectation of being able speedily to avail himself of your services.\"\n\n5\n\nIt is proper that I should here lay before your Majesty communication of mine to the Duke of Newcastle, of which the following is an extract, dated 9th June, 1860:--\n\n\"Having perused in a recent Gazette of Civil Officers honoured with the dignity of knighthood, commencing with the late Chief Justice of New Zealand, I have to submit my name to your Grace's kind consideration for a similar honour.\" \"The honour I solicit would be a full recognition on the part of our most gracious Sovereign of a career embracing more than forty-six years of continued foreign service.\" The reply of the 13th July, 1860, crushing my hopes, states:-\"The Companionship of the Bath which you solicit is an honour intended to be a recognition of peculiar and distinguished services. His Grace does not consider that the civil services which you have had the opportunity of rendering to the Crown under this Department, however meritorious, would justify him in recommending you for that special mark of the Royal approbation; but it would rest with the Secretary of State for War to consider how far your military services may merit such a reward, if you should think it right to bring those services under his consideration.\"\n\nI beg to observe that I did not apply for the Companionship of the Bath. And I would here remark, for the purpose of showing a precedent, and that, too, without the slightest prejudice to the gallant and distinguished soldier in question, Major-General Sir Edward MacArthur, whilst in command of Her Majesty's Forces in Australia, acted temporarily as Governor during the absence of the latter, and received through the Colonial Office, the honour of a Knight Commander of the Civil Order of the Bath.\n\nOn again addressing the Colonial Office, begging his Grace to grant me an audience, I was informed by letter of 5th December, 1861, that \"The Duke of Newcastle is so very much occupied just now with urgent public business, that he is quite unable to see any one except upon public subjects of an important nature. Under these circumstances, he will not, I fear, be able to grant you an interview; but you need not, I think, be under any apprehension that your name will escape his recollection.” And finally, to the last appeal, the private Secretary intimates on the 2nd February, 1864, that His Grace regrets that he is unable to offer you further employment.\"\n\nIt will thus be evident to my Sovereign, that I am now bereft of all hope of honours or future employment through the Colonial Office, and consequently compelled to throw myself upon the benevolent consideration of your Majesty for that relief otherwise unattainable. Being born of humble\n\n42",
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    {
        "id": 265518,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-112 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1866 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 437,
        "title": "CO129-112 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1866 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "# CDs Hong Kong.\n\n## 26.\n\n28th April 1866.\n\n## 47\n\n1\n\n**Governor**\nSir Richard Graves MacDonnell.\n\n**To**\nThe Right Honorable\nEdward Cardwell, M.P.\n\n## Military Cantonments.\n\nSouth Boundary of | Desirable that it should be fixed- Suggestion as to - \n| ------------- | \n\"Plan forwarded. | \n\n## In 59061/160\n433\nComm. R. Engineer's Offices | Victoria Hong Kong\n| 15th September 1853\n\nThe Commanding Royal Engineer in China presents his Compliments to the respective officers of Ordnance and begs to lay before them for approval, the result of his Conferences with His Excellency Sir George Bonham this date with reference to the arrangement of the limits of the Cantonment at Hong Kong. The Boundaries as laid down in His Excellency's letter with which the Commanding Royal Engineer fully concurs will be best understood by the plan he has the honor to submit, which, with the subsequent description he trusts will be deemed sufficient both to secure the rights of the Ordnance Department and the probable requirements of the Service.\n\nCommencing at the extreme East of the Cantonment at a point marked \"A\" being the junction of a small stream with the Queen's Road; the Stream forms the eastern limit of the Cantonment to its source, from its source a line drawn due South until it meets the Contour of 500 feet above the high water Mark as defined in Captain Collinson's Map. Completes its Eastern limits. The Southern limit follows the Contour of 500 feet above high water mark until it cuts the Westernmost branch of the Streams which falls into the Mullah at the Murray Barracks\" from the intersection of this branch the stream becomes the western limit continuing to or point marked \"B\", which is the intersection of the Stream with a line drawn in continuation of the line of the Western Wall of the Barrack enclosure to the point \"C\", which is the intersection of the ramp of the road forming... \n\n## Enclosures\n2 Enclosed.\n\nSin T. Roses.\n\nAlthough...\n\nCommand & \nAlosures \nWhen \nAffair with \nthe \nWar \ninformed \nwhether \nLessl \nrefpeert...",
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    },
    {
        "id": 266314,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-114 - MacDonnell - 1866 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 207,
        "title": "CO129-114 - MacDonnell - 1866 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "302\n\nOrdinales incon-\n\nsistent herewith repealed.\n\nPenalties how recoverable.\n\nTitle.\n\nSection II of\n\nOrdinance No, 3 of\n\n1859 repealed.\n\nNo Transaction of Business by the\n\nbetween the 20th\n\nOctober.\n\nTHE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 28тH JULY, 1866.\n\nXX. All Ordinances or portions of Ordinances inconsistent with the Provisions of this Ordinance are hereby repealed.\n\nXXI. All Penalties imposed under this Ordinance shall be recovered and distributed in the manner provided by Ordinance No. 10 of 1844.\n\nmay\n\nbe\n\nAn Ordinance enacted by the Governor of Hongkong, with the Advice of the Legislative\n\nCouncil thereof, for altering the Time of the Vacation of the Supreme Court.\n\nBe it enacted and ordained by the Governor of Hongkong, with the Advice of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows:-\n\nI. Section II of Ordinance No. 3 of 1859 is hereby repealed.\n\nII. Except for the Purpose of issuing Writs, receiving Petitions or completing Supreme Court, &c., any Sessions, Hearing, Inquiry or Trial actually commenced on or before the Day next hereinafter mentioned, no Business shall be transacted by the Supreme Court, or the Offices connected therewith, from the Evening of the Twentieth Day of August in each Year until the Morning of the Twelfth Day of October then next following: Provided may direct re-opening nevertheless, that it shall be lawful for the Governor at any time to direct the business of the Supreme Court to be resumed during the period above named, and to make any other Order in the Premises which to the said Governor may seem expedient and necessary for the Public interests and convenience.\n\nProviso. Governor\n\nof Court,\n\nNo. 115.\n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\nAt the request of Commodore JONES, the following Hydrographic Notice respecting a Rock North Eastward of the Lammock Islands, and also respecting Mackinnon Rock, is published for the information of Mariners, and others whom it may concern.\n\nBy Order,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 24th July, 1866.\n\nW. H. RENNIE, Acting Colonial Secretary.\n\nMr. Tizard, Master R.N., and Chief Assistant Surveyor of H.M.S. Rifleman, having, under the orders of Commodore O. J. Jones, proceeded to Swatow for the purpose of searching for certain rocks in the neighbourhood of that port, the result is hereby made known for general information.\n\nJNO. WM. REED, Master Commanding H.M.S. “Rifleman,\"\n\nand in Charge of China Sea Survey.\n\nTHE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 28тa JULY, 1866.\n\n30204\n\nMACKINNON ROCK, in the Channel between Namoa and the Lamock Islands, on which the Ellen Rodger struck in 1862, is a dangerous coral pinnacle with only & feet on it at low water. From it, the North-west point of Plat Island bears S. 62 W., three quarters of a mile. East extremity of Oeste Rock S. 14° E., 14 mile. Apex of Bluff Rock S. 50° E., 2 miles, and Apex of Dome Island N. 65° E., 2 miles.\n\nMr. Boxer, Master in Command of H.M.S. Hesper, reported another Rock in this Channel a little to the Eastward of the Mackinnon Rock. This danger was searched for in the Drake without success, and the fishermen most positively asserted that no other Rock than the Mackinnon exists in the Channel. We are therefore of opinion, that Mr. Boxer must have seen the Mackinnon Rock, the difference in position may be ascribed to the fact of the Hesper being an iron vessel, and, in consequence, the bearings taken from the Compasses cannot be implicitly relied on.\n\nTo avoid this danger, vessels entering the Channel from the Westward, should not bring Plat Island to the Westward of S.W. by S., whilst Dome Island is Northward of an E. by N. bearing; when Oeste Rock bears S. by W., they are to the Eastward of the Mackinnon Rock, and can haul to the Southward.\n\nEntering the Channel from the Eastward, after passing Dome Island steer to the Northward until it bears E. by N., keeping it on that bearing until Plat Island bears S.W. by S.\n\nNo. 116.\n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\nT. H. TIZARD, Master H.N. and Chief Assistant Surveyor H.M.S, “Rifleman,\"\n\nAt the request of Commodore JONES, the following Extract respecting a Rock, North of Quemoy Island, is published for the information of Mariners, and others whom it may concern.\n\nBy Order,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 24th July, 1866.\n\nW. H. RENNIE, Acting Colonial Secretary.\n\nThe Gunboat Grasshopper drawing about eight feet of water when North of Quemoy Island, off Chimney Hill, on 23rd June, 1866, reports:~~\n\n\"Touched a Rock, which is not laid down in the Admiralty Chart, the depth of water at the time all round the ship \"with the exception of the spot where she touched, which was before the foremast, was 34 fathoms, it being low water at the \"time, the gun-boat did not remain there more than 3 minutes.\n\n\"The following are the bearings:-\n\n\"Chimney Hill..\n\n\"Centre Hill.. \"Ship's Head.\n\nTrue Extract,\n\nOLIVER J. JONES,\n\nCommodore.\n\n.S.E. by S.\n\nWest.\n\nN.W.N.\"\n\n(Signed)\n\nJ. C. PATTERSON,\n\nLieutenant Commander.\n\nHongkong, 20th July, 1866.\n\nHYDROGRAPHIC NOTICE. CHINA, EAST COAST.\n\nSHEET 3, AND NAMOA ISLAND.\n\nFariation 0 0'.\n\nLAMOCK ISLANDS.—The two small Islands North-eastward of the East Lamock Islands are, with reference to East Lamock Island, incorrectly laid down on the Chart; they should be farther to the South-eastward. Assuming East Lamock Island to be correctly laid down; from its South-east point the North Rock bears N. 38° E. instead of N. 22° E., and the Island between North Rock and East Lamock Island bears from the South-east point of East Lamock Island N. 29° E. instead of N, 15° E., as shewn on the Chart, (see Admiralty Chart, Namoa Island, No. 1957.)\n\nThe distances shewn on the Chart are correct. The South-east extremity of East Lamock Island is in line with the South-east extremity of North Kock on the bearing S. 42° W. iustead of S. 25o W.\n\nFrom the North-east point of North Rock the observed true bearing of Dome Island was found to be N. 67° 50′ W., agreeing with the Chart.\n\nTIMES ROCK situated to the North-eastward of the Lamock Islands, originally reported by Mr. Anderson of the schooner Times, (vide China Pilot, p. 104,) and on which several vessels have recently struck, is a dangerous coral pinnacle with only 9 feet over it at low water. From it the North Rock of Lamock Islands bears S. 37° W., distant a little over a mile; and Dome Island N. 73° 30′ W., distant 12 miles.\n\nWhen on the Rock the East bluff of East Lamock Island is just scen open Westward of the Western apex of North Rock, the extremes of the Islands subtending an angle of 13° 11'.\n\nThe High Lamock, opens North-westward of East Lamock clears the Rock to the North-westward; and opens South-eastward of it, clears the Rock to the South-eastward.\n\nTo avoid this danger, the angle subtended by the Lamock Islands should not be greater than 10°, when the High Lamook is shut in.\n\nThe Times, and other vessels placed this Rock farther from the Islands, but on nearly the same bearing as given above. The distance, which with them must have been mere guess work, was carefully measured from H. M. gun-boat Drake, whilst at anchor on the Rock. Its position as marked on the Admiralty Chart, from the authority of Mr. Anderson, was sounded over, but no danger could be discovered, and the fishermen, who were offered a reward to point out any other Rocks, assert that none other exist in that vicinity.\n\nNo. 117.\n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\nIt is hereby notified that His Excellency the GOVERNOR has appointed N. R. MASSON, Esquire, to be a Cathedral Trustee on behalf of the Government for the Year 1866-67, vice JOHN SIMPSON, Esquire, resigned.\n\nBy Order,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 28th July, 1866.\n\nPOST OFFICE NOTIFICATION.\n\nW. H. RENNIE, Acting Colonial Secretary.\n\nIt is hereby notified for general information that henceforward Correspondence addressed to Italy will be liable to the following rates of postage which must be paid in advance, viz.:\n\nUnder an ounce in weighs\n\n24 cents.\n\nFOR A LETTER Above ounce but not exceeding 1 ounce in weight, 48 cents.\n\nNEWSPAPERS\n\n2 cents each.\n\nFor every additional ounce.\n\n48 cents.\n\nIt is to be understood that these rates cover the postage on such Correspondence to Alexandria only, leaving the postage for its conveyance from Alexandria to Italy to be collected on delivery.\n\nGeneral Post Office, Hongkong, 25th July, 1866.\n\nF. W. MITCHELL, Postmaster General.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-114 - MacDonnell - 1866 [7-8].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 268182,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-118 - Public Offices - 1866",
        "page_number": 162,
        "title": "CO129-118 - Public Offices - 1866",
        "content_text": "Care of Messrs Henry Ellis & Sons\n\n4443 14 Gracechurch St.\n\n6.0\n\nNovember 29th 1866.\n\n159\n\nTo the Right Honourable\n\nThe President of the Board of Trade.\n\nHonourable Sir,\n\nSuspectfully beg to bring under your notice the treatment I received from the authorities at Hong Kong relative to the passage of a distressed seaman by the \"Western Chief\" under my command from that port to London.\n\nIn May last I received notice from the Harbor Master that passages would be required for two distressed men, you being on the point of getting under weigh. They were placed on board direct from the Hospital. I found to my great astonishment, that one of these, was in the most diseased state, being covered from head to foot with secondary syphilitic sores. That the only clothes they had were those upon them, & that no additional medicines or necessaries were supplied, although the man was an incurable from the Hospital under the treatment of the medical officers there.\n\nThe man was in such a filthy condition, & smelt to such an extent, that my crew at first declined to go in the ship, but as the Harbor Master threatened to put them in jail they consented, but they would not consent to sleep in the Forecastle; I was therefore compelled for the comfort of the crew to fit up a place apart specially for this man, very much to the loss of the ship, & inconvenience to those on board.\n\nI first remonstrated with the Harbor Master on such a course, with the view of the man's removal.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-118 - Public Offices - 1866.txt",
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    {
        "id": 273758,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-130 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 19,
        "title": "CO129-130 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "# GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION\n\nThe following Annual Report on the state of the Government Schools in Hongkong for the Year 1867 is published for general information.\n\nBy Command,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 14th February, 1868.\n\n**CECIL C. SMITH**,\nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\nHONGKONG, 22nd January, 1868.\n\nSIR,\n\nI have the honour to present to you the Annual Report on the Government Schools in this Colony for the year 1867, and in doing so I shall commence with the Village Schools.\n\n2. I regret that I am not in a position to report much progress in these. Although I am quite satisfied that the children who attend these schools derive certain advantages from the purely Chinese education that they receive in them, it cannot be concealed that education in the Villages remains in a very unsatisfactory state.\n\n3. Whatever improvements may have been made in attendance, regularity, discipline, and attention to duty on the part of the Masters, there is still a sad want of intelligence among the children. To the simplest questions—\"What do you call the part of your body with which you see?\" \"What is the organ of hearing?\"—in the majority of cases no answer can be obtained. When, failing to get the desired answer in this way, one points to the characters for eye and ear and asks the use of these organs, they seem to have no conception of what they mean. Beyond the fact that the character pointed to has a certain sound, they are in perfect ignorance of the idea which is attached to it.\n\n4. I have witnessed curious scenes on such occasions. Sometimes the Master will lose his temper at such displays of stupidity, and, taking up the question himself, try in vain to get an answer, even when he has communicated it in a whisper and trusting that it may not be audible to me. Yet, some of these boys will repeat, without a single mistake, the \"Four Books\" of Confucius. In one instance, in the Hakka School at West Point, a boy brought up, on the examination day, an array of books, consisting of the \"Shi-king,\" portions of the \"Kú-man,\" the \"Four-Books,\" the \"Odes for Youth,\" and one or two others, some ten goodly volumes in all. When asked what he did with so many books, he said he knew them all. He began with the \"Four-Books,\" and, to my astonishment, went on repeating, as rapidly as lip and tongue could move, for a quarter of an hour when I thought it time to stop him. I believe he could have repeated the whole had there been time to listen to him. But this boy, whose powers of memory were so great, and whose application must have been intense, could not explain one word of all this which he must have so laboriously committed to memory.\n\n5. It is almost impossible to get the Masters to understand that one-tenth of this, fully understood, would be infinitely more valuable to their scholars than such a body of Chinese ethics which is wholly unintelligible to them. This weary plodding, day after day and year after year, in the sterile region of sound without one glimpse at the knowledge which it contains, produces the inevitable result, as conspicuous sometimes in the Master as in the Scholar,—an incapacity to evolve a single thought or idea beyond what has been handed down, by tradition, for ages.\n\n6. The question is often asked—Why is this state of things allowed to continue, and why are not suitable books translated, and suitable Masters provided to teach them? In a Western country, no question could be more natural, and great blame would attach to those who had the power to make the necessary reform without at least attempting it. To those who are unacquainted with Chinese literature and education, it is almost impossible to explain why a reform cannot at once be made in Hongkong. I believe that every such attempt will fail until the Chinese, as a nation, come, by continued intercourse with the West, to have a higher idea of our civilization and institutions. To say nothing of the difficulty—in itself not an inconsiderable one—of getting the more appropriate lessons of English school books translated into Chinese, and of training Masters, for that would be indispensable, to teach the schools, one who knows anything of the people would see the difficulty of displacing Confucius by such works as these. Those who have seen the undisguised contempt with which an educated Chinese looks upon an English school book when he is made acquainted with the nature of its contents will understand what I mean. Ignorant as the villagers are of even their own literature, and unable as they are to give any opinion on education, they have one potent argument in store which would defy contradiction—they would not send one of their children to school.\n\n7. The comparative success of the Central School, where English school books are used, is no argument against what I have stated. I do not believe that one of the two hundred and odd boys in the school comes to be educated, in the proper sense of the word. Their only aim is to obtain such a knowledge of the English language as will enable them to get situations. I am afraid that, before long, this will receive too disagreeable a confirmation. Complaints are often made by the boys of the difficulty they now have in getting employment. The popularity of the school, therefore, would thus seem to depend very much, if not entirely, on the varying prosperity of the Colony, and not on the nature or amount of real instruction communicated in it.\n\n8. I have sometimes been asked why the best scholars in the Central School were not trained as Masters for the Village Schools. These, it is said, with suitable school books in their hands, would completely meet the want that is felt, and the present intractable race of Masters could then be dispensed with. It may appear strange to say that, in the meantime, this is impossible, but such, however, is the case. It would involve the necessity of a separate department in the school, with a separate Master for the work. This, it is evident, would entail a very considerable addition to the present Estimate for Education, with the probability, I might say, the certainty, that the special training thus to be given would, if it were through the medium of English, so familiarize the boys with the language that they would not accept such situations, and, if it were to be done through the medium of Chinese—in itself a difficulty—I need hardly say that scarcely one would be found willing to undergo it.\n\n9. I cannot doubt that the time will come, in the history of the Colony, when the Village Schools will, in some such way, be supplied with Masters, and when the villagers will appreciate the education which such Masters would impart; but, for two very obvious reasons, this cannot be accomplished at present. The first is that the boys can get higher salaries elsewhere than Government could afford to pay them. The second is that the Chinese, to say nothing of the estimation in which they hold them as regards character, to which reference will be made hereafter, look upon them, in the meantime, as totally uneducated and unfit to teach their children.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-130 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [4-5].txt",
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    {
        "id": 273819,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-130 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 80,
        "title": "CO129-130 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "# GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION\n\nHis Excellency **SIR RICHARD GRAVES MACDONNELL** is pleased to direct that, until further notice, the only Anchorage in the waters of Hongkong for Foreign Vessels of War, and Foreign Cruisers of every description and Nationality, shall be within the following Boundaries:\n\n### Western Boundary\nA line running from the Government Wharf to the \"Melville,\" Hospital Ship.\n\n### Northern Boundary\nA line running from the \"Melville\" Eastward till it meets the Eastern Boundary.\n\n### Eastern Boundary\nA line running from St. Francis' Hospital towards Kowloon Point till it meets the Northern Boundary.\n\nThe above Regulation does not refer to Vessels driven by stress of weather, or any exceptional circumstances to take up other temporary anchorages.\n\nBy Command,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 18th January, 1868.\n\n**CECIL C. SMITH**, Acting Colonial Secretary.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-130 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [4-5].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 282213,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-145 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [6-9]",
        "page_number": 340,
        "title": "CO129-145 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [6-9]",
        "content_text": "## XX-AMOUNT of FEES received under Ordinance No. 10 of 1860 in the Harbor Master's Department\n\n336\n\nduring the Year 1860.\n\n| MATTER OR DUTY IN RESPECT OF WHICH THE FEE IS TAKEN. | No. | AMOUNT OF FEE. DOLLARS. | REMARKS. |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Granting an Imperial Register, | 19 | 190 | 1 |\n| Provisional or Copy Register, | 2 | 5 | 10 |\n| Recording Sale of Ship, | 14 | 5 | 70 |\n| Certificate of Sale, Empowering to sell, | 8 |  | 40 |\n| Recording Mortgage of Ship, |  | 50 |  |\n| Discharge, |  |  | 40 |\n| Declaration of Ownership, | 12 |  |  |\n| Indorsement, Change of Master, |  |  |  |\n| Certifying Desertions, |  | 168 | 168 |\n| Alteration in Agreement, | 6 |  |  |\n| TOTAL, |  | 613 |  |\n\n## No. 30.\n\n**GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION**\n\nThe following Annual Report of the Honorable the Registrar General for the Year 1869, is published for general information.\n\nBy Command,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 17th March, 1870.\n\n## No. 25.\n\n6. for\n\n**H. G. THOMSETT, R.N., Harbor Master, &c.**\n\n## XXL-RETURN of MARINE CASES tried at the Marine Magistrate's Office during the Year 1869.\n\n| CASES | HOW DISPOSED OF. | No. of Cases. | No. of Defendants. | Punished. | Ordered to Return to duty. | Fined. | Dismissed, | Ordered to be Discharged from Ship. | Reprimanded. | Acquitted. | Amount of Fines. |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Desertion, |  | 230 | 522 | 200 | 76 | 75 | 47 | 7 | 15 | 6 | $382.00 |\n| Refusal of Duty, |  | 101 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Assault, |  | 21 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Drunkenness and Disorderly Conduct, |  | 30 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Insubordination, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Insolence and Abusive Language, |  | 14 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Embezzlement of Cargo and Ships' Stores, |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Mutinous Conduct, |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Absenting from Ship without Leave, |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Stealing, |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Wounding, |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Harboring Deserters, |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Breach of Harbor Regulations, |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | Harbor and Consts Ordinance, | 19 | 239 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | Ordinance No. 12 of 1868, | 77 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | Section 258, of the \"Merchant Shipping Act\", | ... |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | Total, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n\n**H. G. THOMSETT, R.N., Marine Magistrate, &c.**\n\n**J. GARDINER AUSTIN, Colonial Secretary**\n\n## REGISTRAR GENERAL'S OFFICE, HONGKONG, 8th March, 1870.\n\nSIR,\n\nI have the honour to transmit herewith the Blue Book Returns for last year which are connected with this Department.\n\nOwing to my having so lately resumed the duties of my post, I am unable to furnish a general Report of the doings of the past year, and will, therefore, only refer to one or two subjects, connected with the Chinese Community, which are matters of interest and worthy of note.\n\nPerhaps the most important point to which I should call attention is the manifest desire shown by the more substantial and intelligent members of the Native Community to take a part in public matters and to render some assistance to the Government in Chinese affairs.\n\nThis feeling took an active form, when in 1867, the inhabitants of the several Districts of this City, acting on the provisions of certain Sections in the Registration Ordinance, recommended a body of men as District Watchmen to be paid for by themselves, whose duties should be connected with the Chinese portion of the City.\n\nThese men have done good service during the past year and continue to render valuable assistance in preventing and detecting crime.\n\nAgain, regard for the wants of the destitute sick led the Chinese Compradores, Merchants and others to consider the feasibility of building and supporting a Hospital. This matter has been under consideration and discussion for about three years, out of which has been matured a scheme likely to meet adequately the charitable object in view.\n\nThe subscription lists show that the collections have already reached Forty-seven thousand Dollars. By Government, a site, near Possession Point, has been granted, and on this the Buildings, calculated to hold about 140 patients, will be erected. In addition, however, a donation of $15,000 from the Special Fund has been devoted towards the expenses of the undertaking.\n\nThat the institution will be well conducted, and be a great boon to those for whom it is intended, there is every prospect.\n\nThree Doctors of good repute will be engaged, on one of whom will specially devolve the task of vaccinating all those brought for that purpose to the Hospital. There is at present a Native Doctor who, on four stated days in each month, attends for this purpose at the neighbouring building, and he reports having been successful in 275 cases since the 14th December last. The system adopted is that which is in vogue in Western countries, while to ensure, as far as possible, that the patient be brought back to the vaccinator after the expiration of seven days, the fee of twenty cents is promised to be returned, and this inducement has in almost every case had the desired effect.\n\nThe Fire Brigade still meets with the hearty co-operation of the Chinese, who have now on foot the establishing of a Salvage Corps to work with the Brigade.\n\nTo refer to the trade of the Native population, of course, as usual, it is impossible to forward accurate returns, and the Department has to depend for information on the statements of different leading firms. But one and all concur in the fact that a great depression still continues, and in some instances, as Cotton, is very marked. It is stated that in respect of this article, only 110,000 bales have been exported in place of 200,000 in the previous year, while of Rice, there has passed through Hongkong only the small amount of 335,000 peculs. The abundant harvest, however, of 1868 will account in a great measure for the falling off in so important an article of trade.\n\nIn Sugar, it is estimated that the Native trade did not exceed 150,000 bags, thus showing a considerable decrease compared with previous years.\n\nThat sold from the Refinery at East Point is not, I learn, much consumed by the Chinese here, as it is dearer than the other Sugar, and does not possess, in their opinion, the same amount of sweetness.\n\nIt may be interesting to note that of live stock (the majority of which comes from Tam-Shui, in a neighbouring District) about 39,600 Pigs, 9,000 Bullocks, and 3,240 Sheep have been slaughtered in the Eastern and Western Slaughter Houses for the use of the Community and shipping.",
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        "id": 282726,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-146 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 364,
        "title": "CO129-146 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "## THE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 16TH APRIL, 1870.\n\n### GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\n**No. 36.**\n\nHis Excellency SIR RICHARD GRAVES MACDONNELL, C. B., has been pleased to appoint ALFRED LISTER, Esquire, to be Sheriff of Hongkong, from this date until further notice, vice M. S. TONNOCHY, Esquire.\n\nBy Command,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 2nd April, 1870.\n\n**No. 115.**\n\nJ. GARDINER AUSTIN, Colonial Secretary.\n\n### GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\nThe following Regulations for Street-Chairs and Chair-Coolies are published for general information.\n\nBy Command,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 2nd October, 1869.\n\nJ. GARDINER AUSTIN, Colonial Secretary.\n\nNo Street Chairs may ply for hire after midnight; they may, however, carry their fares as long as required.\n\nEach Chair is secured for a sum of $50. Should articles of a higher value than this be lost in any Chair, there will be very little hope of their recovery through the Security.\n\nWhen loss of property in any Street Chair is suspected, its number should be forwarded to the Registrar General at once without any loss of time.\n\nWhen ground of complaint arises against any Street Chair-Coolie, the Person aggrieved may either hand the offender over to the Police, or send a Memorandum of the complaint and the Chair's Number to the Registrar General. It must however be remembered, that the Registrar General can inflict only a reprimand, but neither fine nor imprisonment without the testimony of an eye witness on oath.\n\nThis however may be supplied by any Chinese who witnessed the Offence, if accredited by a confirmatory note from his employer.\n\nPersons who are inconvenienced by the congregating of Chairs near their premises should notify the Registrar General, who will, if practicable, establish a \"Chair Stand\" in the nearest convenient place, and as far as possible enforce the Ordinance in regard to it.\n\nAn attempt will be made to enforce the ordinary \"Rule of the Road,\" along Queen's Road, more especially in the evening. It is requested that all Persons riding in Chairs or driving Vehicles will co-operate with the Police by observing the Rule of keeping the left side.\n\nEach Street Chair carries on the back of its Number Board, a Tariff of Fares, condensed from the following:\n\n### LEGALISED TARIFF OF FARES FOR CHAIRS, CHAIR BEARERS, AND BOATS, IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG.\n\n| Service | Fare |\n| --- | --- |\n| Chairs, or Ordinary Pullaway Boats, Half hour | 12 cents |\n| Hour | .50 cents |\n| Three hours | .75 cents |\n| Six hours | One Dollar |\n| Day (from 6 to 6) |  |\n| Night Fares (after 8 P.M.) | .10 cents extra |\n| CHAIR HIRE TO OUT DISTRICTS.* |  |\n| To Stanley and back | .50 cents per Man |\n| Beyond Victoria and back | .60 cents per Man |\n| LICENSED BEARERS (EACH.) Half day | 20 cents |\n| Day | .36 cents |\n\n* Persons who make short excursions out of the town should understand that they are quite at liberty to pay by the hour if they prefer to do so.\n\nVictoria lies below the level of Robinson Road, and includes all the town between the Mint and the Western Slaughter House, with the Race-course.\n\nCopies of the above Tariff, in English and Chinese, or of these Regulations, can be obtained on application at the Registrar General's Office.\n\nRegistrar General's Office, 1st October, 1869.\n\n### GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\nOwners of Tenements assessed to the Police, Lighting, Water and Fire Brigade Rates, are informed that the Rates are payable in advance during and within the month of April, for the Second Quarter of the year 1870.\n\n### NOTICE.\n\nThe attention of Rate Payers is drawn to the Second Clause of Ordinance No. 9 of 1869, which Clause specifies that in Default in the Payment of Rates, such arrears may be sued for by the Colonial Treasurer in the Court of Summary Jurisdiction, and a Certificate under the hand of the Treasurer, setting forth the particulars of the sums due for Rates and then outstanding shall be \"Prima facie evidence of the Facts certified by the Treasurer.\n\nRate Payers are therefore informed that all Rates in arrear after the 30th April, 1870, will be sued for in accordance with the Provisions of the Clause and Ordinance specified above.\n\nFREDK. FORTH, Colonial Treasurer.\n\nColonial Treasury, Hongkong, 7th April, 1870.\n\n### NOTICE.\n\nAny persons who have in their possession old Registration Tickets belonging to Servants who have left or have been dismissed, are requested to send the same to this Office, with any remarks, on separate papers, they may wish to have recorded.\n\nIt would much tend to the more satisfactory working of the Registration of Domestic Servants, if Registration Tickets were in every case kept completely out of the possession of the Servants themselves. On the dismissal of a Servant his Ticket should be sent to this Office, unless it can be handed at once to his new Employer, and should on no account be confided to his own custody.\n\nALFRED LISTER, Acting Registrar General.\n\nRegistrar General's Office, Hongkong, 28th May, 1869.\n\n### NOTICE.\n\nConsignees and Masters of Ships are hereby informed that, after the 15th Proximo, the Boundary, North of which Vessels shall not anchor, is as follows:--- Kellet's Island bearing E. by S. 1/2 S.\n\nAll Ships to be properly moored with 35 fathoms Chain (East and West). The passage between the North Boundary of Men-of-War anchorage and the Kowloon Peninsula is to be kept clear.\n\nSteamers and Vessels not having definite employment will still remain on the North side.\n\nH. G. THOMSETT, R.N., Harbor Master, &c.\n\nHarbor Master's Office, Hongkong, 9th September, 1869.\n\n### No. 70.-List of DEAD LETTERS\n\nwhich have been returned from the General Post Office, London, and other places, for the various reasons assigned upon them, addressed to undermentioned, the writers of which can obtain them on application.\n\n| Name | Address |\n| --- | --- |\n| Adair, Hy. J. | Yokohama |\n| Beach, John | Langdale Street, London, E.C. |\n| Bell, Mr. | Engineer Works, Yokohama |\n| Bendick, J. E. | 37, Natoma Street, San Francisco |\n| Bishop, S. S. | Newcastle, N.S.W. |\n| Bonanjee, Limjeebhoy Patiwala | Hongkong |\n| Busch, J. | David Strasse, Hamburg |\n| Baxton, Mes. S. | Commercial Road, London |\n| Campbell, Joseph | U.S. Mint, San Francisco |\n| Canovan, Emma | Sacramento City, California |\n| Carvell, Jesse | Shanghai |\n| Cassumbhoy Nathabley Sons & Co. | Hongkong |\n| Chase, J. B. | San Francisco, California |\n| Ching Hong | Malee Wood, California |\n| Craig, John | San Francisco, California |\n| Davis, Peter | Dutchess & Co., New York |\n| De Vries, Thomas | San Francisco |\n| Easton, Edward | Shanghai |\n| Eastwood, W. P. | Manchester |\n| Ewing, Frank | 130, Dupont Street, San Francisco |\n| Fangoy, F. W. | of New York, Williersburg |\n| Findlay, Alexander | Portland, Oregon |\n| Flood, Edward | Opera Restaurant, San Francisco |\n| Girola, Madame | Turin |\n| Hagemann, Captain | barque Johann Smidt, Yokobama |\n| Halsey, Mrs. | Julia C., Greenc, New York |\n| Harding, Captain | barque Stirling, New York |\n| Hughes, Mr. Johé | Alleghany, Penn., U.S.A. |\n| Jackson, Mary Anne | 67, St. George's Street, London, E. |\n| Jansen, George | State Franklin, North America |\n| Jenkins, Clara | 41, Fifth Street, New York |\n| Johnson, R. B. | Post Office, San Francisco |\n| Kader Maydem | Flower Bazaar, Madras |\n| Kooppamalo | Cain's Street, Cuddalore, Madras |\n| Lamont, Captain | burque Ettrick, Yokohama |\n| Lehmann, E. C. & Co. | London |\n| Maggs, Alies | 15, Berkley Street, Bristol |\n| Merrick, Mrs. Ñ. A. | San Francisco |\n| Millican, G. | 73, Trafalgar Street, Walworth Road, Loudon |\n| Millican, Miss | 11 Ann's Row, Walworth Road, London |\n| Mitchell, Miss Alice | 8, Charlotte Street, King's Cross, London |\n| Mottu, Álfred | cure of 1. M. Jaquemot, Yokohama |\n| Monastier, Simon | or Simon Lyon, Yokohama |\n| Murphy, Joseph | 13, Third Street, San Francisco |\n| \"Nação\" Redacção da | Lisboa |\n| Nealon, Miss L. | Thomas Street, Whitechapel Road, London |\n| Nissene, Doctor | New York |\n| Nicol, Peter | San Francisco |\n| Noad, James | San Francisco |\n| Olles, George | 1,012, Battery Street, San Francisco |\n| Osborn, Jobu | St. Mary's Parish, Louisinaa, U.S.A. |\n| Palmer, C. P. | Box 379, New York |\n| Parsons, Ann | 18, Kensington View, Prescot Road, Liverpool |\n| Phalen, C. S. | Yokobama |\n| Pick up, Miss E. | Pembroke Place, London Road, Liverpool |\n| Ramonha, Barber | Jownpeor, near Javaneckapoorah, Bengal |\n| Rossignol, Mrs. H. Le | Grove Hotel, Granville, France |\n| Roth, C. Aug. | Frankfort S. M., Germany |\n| Short, Mr. | passenger per steamer Japan, Yokohama |\n| Stokes, George | Gyfethland, Glamorganshire, Wales |\n| Sutton, John | 4 Gates Strect, Poplar, London |\n| Taylor, Joba | 3 St. Ann's Square, Manchester |\n| Thevenin, C. L. | Hongkong, (refused) |\n| Th...ger, E. B. D. | Payinaster H.N., Admiralty, London |\n| Thompson, Miss, Milly | Yokoliama |\n| Thornton, Mrs. J. | 116, South Fifth Street, Jersey City, USA. |\n| Torriani, Maria Antonietta | Milauo |\n| Toller, Lieut. J. E. | Royal Engineers, Dover |\n| Wakefield, Miss Grace | Sacramento, California |\n| Webster, John | on board the British barque Albert, New York |\n| Williams, Mrs. Ann | West Broadway, New York |\n| Wills, Mrs. M. | Post Office, Plyn:outh, England |\n| Wyman, W. | San Francisco, California |\n\nF. W. MITCHELL, Postmaster General.\n\nGeneral Post Office, Hongkong, 16th April, 1870.\n\nPage 198\nPage 356\nPage 190",
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    {
        "id": 299042,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-175 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 389,
        "title": "CO129-175 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "384\n\n(6)\n\nBut\n\nOf the now exploded “co-operative policy\" Sir C. Dilke has a good deal to say, and, with the accuracy which distinguishes most of his utterances in the article under notice, assumes its continued existence. If the policy which was exhibited in every disagreement between Great Britain and China being made a pretext for fresh demands for territory on the part of Russia, was \"co-operative\" if the fact that so inexperienced (though honest and good-hearted) a diplomatist as the late Mr Burlingame followed the lead of so able a man as Sir Frederick Bruce, was an evidence of \"co-operation,\" that policy was certainly tried. No one who knows anything of the inner life of the Legations at Peking prior to Mr Burlingame's departure as Chinese Envoy will be disposed to attribute much value to the compact which was kept only so long as Great Britain (somewhat hampered by France) undertook all the trouble and expense of reducing China to terms. But beyond this Sir Charles Dilke may again be referred to the incontrovertible logic of accomplished facts. The Chefoo Convention is credibly asserted to be regarded with anything but favourable eyes by the Ministers of the other powers represented in Peking. Sir Thomas Wade was loud a few months since in his insistence upon the fact that no trade convention or treaty with the Chinese would be effective unless concluded by all the Western powers in unison.\n\nYet this very Convention, embodying what are announced to be important concessions to trade, has been concluded without the assistance, and in opposition to the views, of the majority of the foreign Ministers! Sir Charles Dilke's reliance on the arrangement he so much belauds appears to be as misplaced as his other remarks are inaccurate.\n\nSir C. Dilke's definition of what the \"co-operative policy\" was to accomplish is at least curious, \"It consists,\" he says, \"in strengthening the Central Government at Peking\"—and this definition is correct in so far as it formed an article of the original understanding. But the way in which he states this is to be accomplished would cause some surprise to the eminent diplomatists who inaugurated the policy in question. \"Our place,\" he says, \"is not to support it (the Central Government) against insurrection, but only against its delegated Provincial Governments, also Tartar, and also unpopular with the people. It is understood that we are not to prop up the Peking Government against any future widespread insurrection, and we are not to defend it in the possible event of a Mohammedan invasion under the Ameer of Kashgar. All that we are to do is to keep China together, no matter who is the Emperor who may sit on the throne at Peking.\" How the object in view (the strengthening of the Central Government) is to be accomplished by this programme, Sir C. Dilke does not condescend to inform us. But it may perhaps interest him and others to learn that Sir Frederick Bruce, who was the first to carry out the policy initiated by the Earl of Elgin, took a very different view of the responsibilities which that policy involved. One of its most striking fruits was the permission accorded to Major Holland and Colonel Gordon to assume command of the Imperialist troops. And he would have been as much amused as astonished to learn that he was to insure the autonomy of the Chinese Empire—a convertible term for \"strengthening the Chinese Central Government\"—by ignoring \"any wide-spread insurrection\" and allowing the Peking officials to be killed off whenever a faction strong enough to kill them could acquire sufficient influence. But so eccentric an explanation of a programme which once claimed some respect for its statesmanship, and has failed, simply because no two countries have identical objects or interests in China, need not be enlarged on. Nor is there need in this place to notice Sir Charles' fling at the \"fire-eating merchants at the ports.\" Epithets do not make facts; and the sneer from a man of such proved loyalty to the crown, and so delicate a perception of the rights of individual opinion as has been exhibited by Sir Charles, may for the present be passed over. With even less words and in more direct language can the two next assertions from his facile, if untruthful, pen be disposed of. The unhappy sisters murdered at Tientsin\n\n(7)\n\n\"Our",
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    {
        "id": 299397,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876",
        "page_number": 236,
        "title": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876",
        "content_text": "10\n\nelapsed between Dupuis' return from his first expedition to Yunnan and his expulsion, finding salt was in great request there, and that a picul costing 1 dollar at Hanoi was sold for 7 dollars in Yünnan, he sent several cargoes up the Song Koi without hindrance from the Hanoi Government; and when Garnier captured the citadel, he had sixteen boats loaded with salt, which had to be abandoned at the evacuation.\n\nI will now proceed to the second phase of this remarkable history. Lieutenant François Garnier was a naval officer of great ability and merit; he had accompanied Captain de la Lagrée in his expedition up the Meikong River to explore a new route to the southern provinces of China and Thibet: and when that officer died he succeeded to the command of the party, and brought it safely through China to Hankow, and was preparing to prosecute his researches in Thibet when he was sent for by Admiral Dupré to take charge of an expedition to Tonquin.\n\n<<\n\nWhatever were Admiral Dupré's intentions in sending Garnier with an armed escort to Tonquin, certainly the Annamite Government considered it was for the purpose of removing Dupuis in accordance with their request. All, however, known about it was \"that it was sent to restore order\" but whether Dupuis was to be expelled or the Annamites supported, no one knew, but the title given him was Commandant-en-chef des forces de terre et de mer des côtes de Tongking, Envoi Extraordinaire de la Cochin-Chine.\" On the 10th of October the Annamite Envoys and Garnier and his party embarked in the \"D'Estrées,\" French man-of-war, towing a small gun-boat, the \"Arc.\" Calling at Tuson, two mandarins were sent from Huo to introduce Garnier to the Tonquinese authorities. The \"D'Estrées\" arrived at the Cua-cam River on the 24th of October, where Garnier obtained two junks, and left with his staff for Hanoi, which he reached on the 5th of November.\n\nA week before, another man-of-war, the 'Decrès, had been dispatched from Saigon, towing a gun-vessel, the \"Espingole.\" The \"Decrès \" arrived in the Cua-cam on the 7th of November, and the \"Espingole\" left at once for Hanoi with a crew of twenty-eight men, a medical attendant, Dr. Harmand, and a hydrographer, M. Bouillet, under command of an ensign, M. Baluy.\n\nM. Dupuis and his Chinese received Lieutenant Garnier, on landing at Hanoi, with military honours, and he at once penetrated into the citadel through one of the gates, and obliged the sentries to show him the house of Nguyen Tri-phuong, an old man with the title of Marshal or Commander-in-chief at Hanoi, and who had previously fought the French at Kihoa, and to whom he announced himself as the \"French Governor.\" Concealing his anger, Tri-phuong offered Garnier quarters in the native city, which he refused; but, frustrated in obtaining a house in the citadel, he accepted the building outside called the Examination Hall, and at present the French Consulate. As soon as he had left the city the gates were closed, and the officers who allowed him to enter were severely punished.\n\nGarnier at once began to negotiate. He said he had come at the request of Tuduc's Ministers; he had with him two mandarins sent by the Court of Hué, and had even been told he should meet at Hanoi a Minister Plenipotentiary, with whom he could treat. The Minister had arrived, but Nguyen Tri-phuong entirely ignored him, saying that Garnier had been sent not to make a Commercial Treaty, but to expel Dupuis.\n\nOn the day of his arrival Garnier issued a Proclamation. He said he was sent by France at the request of the Annamites, who had been asking at Saigon for help, and his mission was to destroy the pirates who attack vessels on the coast, and to facilitate commerce with Tonquin.\n\nIn the meantime, the \"Arc\" having been lost on the voyage to Tonquin, Admiral Dupré dispatched the gun-boat \"Scorpion\" to replace her.\n\nOn the 10th November M. Dupuis' steamer, the \"Manghao,\" brought a letter from Garnier to the captain of the \"D'Estrées,\" requesting reinforcements; and the following day the \"Scorpion,\" followed by the \"Manghao,\" proceeded up the river, the latter carrying a medical man, Dr. Dubut, and sixty men and three officers.\n\nThus the whole of the French forces at Hanoi on the 14th of November, 1873, not including Dupuis, were :\n\nThe \"Espingole,\" Messrs. Baluy, Harmand, and Bouillet, with 28 men. The \"Scorpion,\" Messrs. Garnier, Esmez, and Bouxin, with 50 men.\n\nThe detachment from the \"Decrès,\" Messrs. Bain, Hautefeuille, Perrin, and Dubut, with 60 men.\n\nThe 30 marines of M. de Trentenien.\n\nDr. Chedan and M. Lasserre, private secretary to Garnier. Altogether, 180 men.\n\n11\n\nOn the 19th of November, Garnier published a second Proclamation, making known the conditions of the intended Treaty of Commerce under French protection. Information had reached him that the Annamites were preparing to attack him, and he thought it would be better to strike the first blow himself; and, as the time he had given Nguyen Tri-phuong to communicate with the Court of Hué had expired, he resolved to attack the citadel the following day.\n\nAt daybreak on the 20th of November, the attack was made. A first column composed of 30 sailors with a gun, headed by M. Bain de la Coquerie, marched toward the south-western gate at 6 o'clock. A quarter of an hour later, Garnier himself left the Examination Hall for the south-eastern gate, with 3 guns, 40 sailors, and 30 marines.\n\nThe great\n\nThe Annamites, taken unawares, offered scarcely any resistance. difficulty in entering the citadel was to break open the gates made of hard wood, and it was necessary to bring the guns close to and fire at a distance of a few feet,\n\nWhile the southern gates were being stormed, the shells of the \"Espingole\" and the \"Scorpion were falling near the western gate, and, by frightening away the defenders of the place, contributed to the success of the day. M. Dupuis himself, though Garnier had declined his offer of service, was taking a share in the fight, and his soldiers, having managed to scale the Eastern Gate, entered the citadel first, and dispersed for pillage. Garnier, however, gave strict orders to stop all disorder, and by 7 o'clock, the citadel being entirely in his hands, he sent back all the troops to the Examination Hall, except the marines.\n\nSome 200 natives had been killed or wounded, while on the side of the French there was not a single casualty to report. A great number of officials were made prisoners, including the Envoy from the Court of Hué, who had been ignored by the Marshal, the Governor of Hanoi, the two sons of Phan Tanh-gian, who signed the Treaty of 1862 on behalf of Annam, and Nguyen Tri-phuong himself. The Marshal was found concealed in a house where he had taken refuge after receiving a wound in the thigh from a splinter of a shell, and from which he subsequently died.\n\nOn the same day Garnier reported to Saigon the capture of the citadel, and asked for reinforcements, and issued a Proclamation to calm the minds of the people.\n\nIt would occupy too much space to detail the subsequent proceedings of Garnier, and it will be sufficient to say he sent M. Balny with 15 marines to Towli, a town on the branch of the Song Koi above Hanoi to direct the authorities to submit; and, as he passed Hungyen, the Mandarins came out and offered their submission. After passing Fowli, Balny went to Haidzong, an important citadel in the Thai-dinh River, which he carried by a coup de main on the 4th of December.\n\nOn the 1st December Garnier sent a steam-launch under command of M. Haute-feuille, with instructions to M. Balny, and to require the submission of the Governor of Nam-dinh and Minh-binh, the latter of which he attacked with seven men, and captured it, taking the Tedoc or General prisoner. Garnier himself left Hanoi on the 4th December in the \"Scorpion,\" with M. Esnez and about 70 men, in addition to the crew for Nam-dinh, capturing a fort that opened fire upon him en route, and the town itself on the 10th of December, and he issued a fourth Proclamation to pacify the people. Thus, within a period of a month, Hanoi, the capital, Hungyen, Haidzong, Nam-dinh, and Han-dinh, all important cities commanding the delta of the Song Koi or Red River, had been captured.\n\nBut, after this, came the reverse. With a handful of men he had overrun the neighbouring country, but it required more than a handful to hold it. Constant attacks were made on the several positions thus occupied, and great difficulty was experienced in repulsing them. A rumour, too, which proved true, was about that Annamite troops were coming from the southern provinces. Tuduc, the King of Annam, was greatly incensed at the loss of Hanoi, and gave orders to the Viceroy of the Province of Nguyen to march against the French, and he himself sent every available soldier from Hué. These orders were partly executed when he changed his mind, and wrote to Saigon, giving his Envoys full powers to sign a Treaty of Commerce, and sent two Envoys to Garnier with full powers, and M. Sohier as Interpreter.\n\nGarnier, in occupying the forts situated on the delta of the Song Koi, had evidently in view the keeping open his communication with the sea, but he had not secured his rear by the capture of the military city of Soutay, some thirty miles west of Hanoi, where resided the Tong Thong, Hoang Ke-vien by name. This officer had increased his army by troops recalled from the north, where they were fighting the so-called rebels, but in truth the Black and Yellow Flag Chinese factions on the frontier, who were at war with each other.\n\n231",
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        "id": 299398,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876",
        "page_number": 237,
        "title": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876",
        "content_text": "12\n\nI mentioned previously that the borders of Tonquin have for a long time been in a very disturbed state, being in possession of two clans of Chinese, distinguished as the Black and Yellow Flags. Now, while Garnier was over-running Tonquin, the Hwang Ki, or Yellow Flags, defeated the Hei Ki, or Black Flags, and obliged part of them to escape to Laoki, and part to descend the Song Koi and take refuge in Tonquin, and these fugitive Black Flags were enlisted by Hoang Ki-vien to fight the French.\n\nOn the 19th of December, the day after the arrival of Garnier at Nam-dinh, 300 or 400 of these Black Flags had joined the Annamites, but there was a rumour in Hanoi they numbered no less than 900, with 2,000 scaling ladders.\n\nGarnier, having decided upon action, immediately arranged for an attack upon Hoang Ki-vien. Dupuis, with his steamer, the \"Manghao,\" was to go up the river to prevent the descent of any troops. The \"Espingole,\" commanded by Balny, was to go a little below Soutay to fire upon the Annamites if they retreated to that fortress, whilst Garnier himself was to attack the Black Flags in front, but Balny being ill the attack was deferred to Sunday, the 21st December, but the day before- the 20th-Tuduc's two Ambassadors arrived. They were received in the citadel with honours, had full powers, and were willing to grant all that was asked, and a Treaty would soon be signed, and war was over. But Garnier was only being lulled into security, for it was reported that the Ambassadors had remained several days in the neighbourhood of Hanoi, and had several interviews with Hoang Ki-vien.\n\nThe citadel of Hanoi is surrounded by a narrow path about 600 or 700 feet from the walls known as the city enceinte. Into this path, almost opposite the West Gate, runs a small road which leads to Phu Hoai, and crosses a thicket at a distance of about 1,800 yards from its beginning. About three miles further another road traverses the Phu Hoai road, also an offshoot of the enceinte, on this road there is a grove of bamboos enclosing some cottages, and this was the spot attacked by Garnier himself, and where he was killed.\n\nOn Sunday, the 21st December, 1873, after having divine service at 8 o'clock, the officers were talking of the cessation of the war and the early settlement of affairs, and Garnier had gone to see the Ambassadors, when at 10 o'clock the interpreters came in great haste to announce that Hoang Ki-vien's troops (Annamites and Black Flags) were attacking the citadel. When Garnier was informed of the attack, M. Perrin went with two men to the western bastions, whence he saw a large body of Annamites and Chinese who, under shelter of houses and bamboo groves, were firing at the gate from a distance of 600 feet; Garnier, who thinking the attack was from several sides, had ordered M. Bain to go with some men to the north, arrived some time after with a dozen men at the same spot and sent M. Perrin for a gun.\n\nTen minutes later the gun was placed on the south-western gate, and M. Perrin in charge of it received orders to fire upon the enemy, while Garnier himself went to prepare a sortie.\n\nThe Commander of the \"Espingole,\" M. Balny, who, at the time of the alarm, was with his brother officers in the citadel, had rushed to his vessel to obtain reinforcements, and soon after he was seen with his small party of twelve men following the southern wall and passing the ditch of the fort.\n\nBefore the well-directed fire from the south-western gate, the Annamites had gradually fallen back to the high path or enceinte, and these dividing themselves into two lines, some continued to fire in retreating on the Phu Hoai road; while others turning to the right took the city road.\n\nBalny began at once to pursue the enemy, while the shells of the fort passing over his troops were scattering the Annamites with great havoc. During the same time Garnier had organized his party and sallied out from the south-eastern gate with eighteen men and a gun. Balny pursued the enemy to a small grove on the Phu Hoai road, some 2,500 feet from the citadel, and was there lost sight of from a depression of the road. The fire of the south-western gun was then directed to the first wood, situated on the road which leads from the city path to the Phu Hoai road, describing a sort of semi-circle.\n\nTowards that spot Garnier was proceeding, he was marching at the head of his men in a careless and excited manner. Before reaching the city path he left behind him the gun with two men and the master-at-arms of the \"Decrès,\" a great mistake, since the gun was rendered useless while Garnier's men were in front of it. The gun of the south-western gate was firing all the time on the circular road, and had Garnier used his own gun the place would have been entirely cleared of the enemy, but his march onward again prevented the citadel gun from continuing to fire. The men also were permitted to stray among the bushes and behind the houses in search of the Annamites, and, as the event proved, this mistake was fatal to the Commander himself. Garnier could be seen leading the skirmish with his men armed with bayonets. When Garnier neared the wood, he divided his troop into two bands, one headed by himself and the other under the command of a Sergeant of Marines; each column was to follow one side of the wood and both were to meet again at the end of it.\n\n13\n\nThe Sergeant of Marines kept his men closely together; they were walking slowly and carefully, and when they arrived at the limit of the wood only one had been wounded, but Garnier was not there. The Sergeant then came back by the way his Chief was to have followed, and at a short distance he found two headless bodies, one of them being his Commander. It appears that Garnier's foot having caught in a hole, he fell to the ground, and, before his men could join him, was surrounded by Chinese from behind the trees and speared, and his head severed from his body and taken as a trophy of victory. Sergeant Dagome, shot near Garnier, was mutilated in the same manner, and had one hand cut off. M. Balny with his party were still ahead, running after the Annamites on the Phu Hoai road, as far as a temple built at the junction of that path and the circular road, about three miles from the citadel. Here he met some thirty or forty Chinese who, far from retreating, came boldly on. Balny fired the six shots of his revolver and drew his sword, but was seen to fall backwards, while a shot killed his quarter-master at his side, named Lorre. The rest of the party took refuge behind the temple, and the Chinese having retired, Dr. Chedan led his companions, two of them wounded, back to the citadel, picking up on the way the body of Bonifay, also headless.\n\nBy 2 o'clock every one had returned to the fort, with the loss of Garnier, Balny, Dagome, Lorre, and Bonifay. Six others had been wounded, including the head gunner of the south-western battery.\n\nIt would make this despatch too long to go into details of the circumstances following this event, so I will merely state that Garnier, Dagome, and Bonifay, were buried with military honours behind the Hall of Ceremonies, on the 23rd of December, but it was not until the 4th of January, 1874, that the bodies of Bonifay and Lorre were sent by the Annamites; on the 6th of that month the five heads, after being carried in triumph through all the cities of Tonquin, were restored.\n\nAfter the capture of Hanoi Garnier sent the \"Decrès\" to Saigon with the prisoners, and asked for reinforcements. Admiral Dupré, embarrassed at the news, despatched, on the 7th December, M. Philastre, Senior Inspecteur des Affaires Indigènes, with one of the two Annamite Ambassadors, then residing at Saigon, to Hué to apologize for the capture of the citadel, and to obtain a Treaty of Commerce. At the same time the \"Decrès\" was receiving the reinforcements asked for by Garnier, and the news of her arrival in the Cua-cam reached Hanoi on the evening of the day of Garnier's death, the men being brought on to the citadel by the \"Scorpion.\"\n\nIt would occupy too much space to follow the events which led up to the surrender of the citadel of Hanoi, and the towns held by the handful of French after being captured by Garnier. M. Philastre on his arrival reversed all that Garnier had done, surrendered to the Annamites all the occupied places, and concluded a Convention, a copy of which I annex. Finally, a Treaty was concluded at Saigon, on the 15th March, 1874, between the President of the French Republic and the King of Annam, supplemented afterwards by a Commercial Treaty, dated 31st August, 1874, and with these conclude an episode which may be termed a romance.\n\nI have borrowed largely from M. Henri Cordier's pamphlet called \"A Narrative of Recent Events in Tonquin,\" for when at Hanoi I found it confirmed in every particular, and I doubt if I could have given so graphic a sketch of M. Garnier and Mr. Dupuis proceedings as I found in that pamphlet. I had described to me on the spot the citadel and the points of attack, and I stood on the small plot of ground at the rear of the Hall of Ceremonies where Garnier and his four comrades were buried, and I lived, during my stay, in the Examination Hall, which he first occupied. That he was a man of great dash, courage and ability, is evident; whether, however, he was justified in the course he took or acted upon his own responsibility, it is impossible to say; the result, however, I venture to think, has not been either politically or commercially a success to the French.\n\nOf M. Dupuis little remains to be said. The Saigon Government seized his vessels and he was ruined. His people, 136 in number, were supported for a few months by the Saigon Government, at a cost of 600 dollars a-month, and then dispersed. His debts amounted to a large sum, some say 100,000 dollars, which he had proposed to liquidate by his trade up the Songkoi to Yunnan. I heard, however, when at Haiphong,\n\n[608]\n\nE\n\n232",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-177 - Sir Kennedy Acting Governor Austin Lieut Governor Hennessy - 1877 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 336,
        "title": "CO129-177 - Sir Kennedy Acting Governor Austin Lieut Governor Hennessy - 1877 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "334\n\na Mat Shed with him, within British Kowloon, watching for the prosecutor an offensive weapon\n\nI sentenced him to one year penal servitude and to be three times publicly flogged with twenty-five strokes.\n\nThe witnesses were not influenced by any discrepancy, and unquestioned by the prisoners. It was simply an ordinary case of robbery with violence close to this boundary, at the Western Slaughter House, in a boat, but accompanied with such audacity as called for exemplary punishment.\n\nThe defence of the first prisoner, unsupported by a title of proof, was that a Mandarin had been staying with him; that the affair was taken from him by the four fishermen under the command of a son of the mandarin; that half of it was given to the mandarin and that the other half was buried in the garden attached to the third prisoner's mat shed to be kept, in other words, to be stolen.\n\nOne of the witnesses stated that according to the prisoner, if wrongly accused, he was dealing with the affair taken from the prisoner in front of the Empress of China, if on the prisoner alleged, it has...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-177 - Sir Kennedy Acting Governor Austin Lieut Governor Hennessy - 1877 [1-5].txt",
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    {
        "id": 303454,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 46,
        "title": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "## THE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 22ND JANUARY, 1879.\n\nLes bouées rouges et la bouée blanche limitent le chenal dans l'Est, les bouées noires le limitent dans l'Ouest. La bouée la plus Sud est surmontée d'un voyant, elle est mouillée sur la barre extérieure, dans l'Est 7° Nord de la pointe Do-Son, à l'acon d'un petit banc sur lequel il ne reste que 2 mètres 80 d'eau à basse mer d'Equinoxe.\n\nLa bouée blanche est surmontée d'un petit voyant, elle indique le changement de route.\n\nLe 10 Janvier, 1879,\n\nNo. 17.\n\nPour copie certifiée conforme.\n\nHongkong, le 18 Janvier, 1879.\n\nJ. PLICHON,\nLe Consul de France\n\nLe Consul de France à Haiphong\n(Signé): L. TURC.\n\n## GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\nThe following Notices to Mariners are published for general information.\n\nBy Command,\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 21st January, 1879.\n\nC. MAY,\nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\n### Government of New Zealand.\n\n## NOTICE TO MARINERS.\n\n[No. 27 of 1878.]\n\nMarine Department, Wellington, 30th October, 1878. The following letter, received from Captain Mies of the brig `Rio Loge`, relative to the position of Rennels and Bellona Islands, is published for general information.\n\nG. GREY.\n\n### RENNELS AND BELLONA ISLANDS, Dunedin, 3rd October, 1878.\n\nSIR-I have the honour to report to you an error in the position of some islands I passed on my passage from Foochow to this port in the brig `Rio Loge`. These islands, named Rennels and Bellona, are marked as \"doubtful\" islands on the latest published charts, and are situated directly in the track between China and Australia. The position assigned to Rennels Island is N.W. point 11° 12' south latitude, and 160° 10' east longitude, whereas the correct position should be for the N.W. point 11° 30' south latitude, and 160° 8' east longitude, making an error of 18' in latitude and 2' in longitude. My observations were taken within two or three miles of the N.W. point, and the error of my chronometer found only the day before at Christoval, so that I can rely upon the position. The S.E. point I place in 11° 51' south and 160° 49' east, approximate. Rennels Island and Bellona bear from each other N.W. by W. and S.E. by E., not more than fifteen miles distant.\n\nI cannot find in any directory a description of Rennels Island, and I believe there is none published, I therefore enclose the following remarks from my own observation:-\n\nRennels Island is about 38 miles long and 8 wide at the N.W., and lies in a N.W. and S.E. direction, is about 600 to 800 feet high, of uniform height throughout, and thickly wooded down to the water's edge. Along the whole N.E. side is a fringing reef about two cables from the shore. The N.W. point is a gradually-sloping point, with a hummock two hundred or three hundred yards from the beach, and has a reef extending about four or five cables from the shore, with a strong tide rippling round the point; the coast trends about three miles to the S.W., and thence to south-eastward. Bellona Island appears to be about the same height as Rennels Island, and also thickly wooded.\n\nTrusting that you will give this publicity for the benefit of shipmasters generally.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\nEDWARD MILES,\nMaster `Rio Loge`.\n\n## THE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 22ND JANUARY, 1879.\n\n### Government of India.\n\n## DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, AGRICULTURE, AND COMMERCE.\n\n## NOTICE TO MARINERS.\n\n[No. 27.]\n\nBAY OF BENGAL-GODAVERY DISTRICT-COCANADA. Intended Exhibition of Revolving light at Vakalepudi.\n\nNotice is hereby given that owing to the extension of the mud deposits from the Godavery river and the consequent removal of the anchorage to the northward, the light at present shown on the north side of the entrance to the Cocanada river is of little use, and that on and after the 15th of January 1879 this light will be extinguished, and a new light exhibited at Vakalapudi, which lies 4.0 nautical miles N. by E. ¼ E. from the present light-house.\n\nThe light will be a revolving white light, showing a flash every 20 seconds, elevated 80 feet above high water, and in clear weather should be visible from a distance of 14 miles, in every direction seaward.\n\nThe illuminating apparatus is catadioptric, or by reflectors and lenses of the fourth order. Position: Latitude 17° 0' 40\" N., longitude 82° 16' 30\" E. Further notice will be given when the light is exhibited.\n\n[The bearings are Magnetic, Variation 2° 0' Easterly in 1878.]\n\nBy Direction of the Government of India,\n\nR. C. CARRINGTON, Chief Civil Assistant, for\nA. DUNDAS TAYLOR, Comdr. (late I. N.), Superintendent, Marine Survey of India.\n\nMARINE SURVEY DEPARTMENT, CALCUTTA, 18th December, 1878.\n\nThis Notice affects the following Indian Marine Survey Charts, Coringa or Cocanada bay, No. 113; Narsapur point to Pabayras point, No. 1172; Cape Comorin to Coconada, No. 164; and Admiralty charts of Coringa or Cocanada bay, No. 81; Coromandel Coast, No. 71a; Cape Comorin & Ceanada, No. 828; Cocanada to Bassein, No. 829; Bay of Bengal, western part, No. 70a; Indian Ocean, northern portion, No. 7485; and Indian Marine Survey and Admiralty Light lists for 1878; and Taylor's Sailing Directory, Vol. I, page 464.\n\nIf this Notice is received on board ship, the substance of it should be inserted on the Charts affected by it, and introduced into the Sailing Directions to which it relates.\n\n## POST OFFICE NOTICE.\n\nUnclaimed Correspondence, 17th January, 1879.\n\n| Letters | Papers |\n| --- | --- |\n| Abbey Cowper | Aleppo |\n| Adamson, Ann | Alexandria |\n| Ainsbury, A. | Alarmurs |\n| Ainslie, Mrs. M. | Alice |\n| Ainsworth, Wm. | Alcone |\n| Amicable Ins. Office | Asia |\n| Anderson, Tus. | Latiges, Popota |\n| Beguin, Monsr. J. A | Gracias, A. J. |\n| Botor, Miss A. | Corrientes |\n| Beeshore, Wm. | Les Papesa |\n| Benton, C. J. | Roberts, P. |\n| Broke, J. H. | Stillfried, Baron |\n| Cristoforis, G. de | Worthoy, Capt. |\n| Couper, Capt. | Satent |\n| ... | Southeak |\n| Gundry, H. D. | Spinaway |\n| Goldie, R., Major | For Merchant Ships |\n| Lilly, Mr. | Lets. Papers |\n| Lewis, Miss N. | Columbian, s.s. |\n| Hanner, G. | Cores |\n| Hemptinne, Monsr. | Fusilier |\n| High, Coutom | J. MacDonald |\n| Host, Frank | Fagyi |\n| Coulson, A. C. M. | Tatiura, Pupara |\n| Cunningham, G. | Leta Pres |\n| Cotton, G. | Moneta |\n| Crovat, Philip L. | Strathor |\n| Hi Loy | Southern Cross |\n| Kelly, Mr. | Saxalt Bell |\n| Persse, Capt. | Firth of Feth |\n| Pursan, R. | Jessie Jamieson |\n| Petterson, Carl | Challenge |\n| Palos, Capt. C. | F. Nightingale |\n| Palmer, Mrs. G. | Nyasa |\n| Stanley, Miss A. | S. Bunlie |\n| Stone, W. H. | Channel Queen |\n| Stillfried, Baron | Johore, s.s. |\n| Quong Tung Fri | Northern Star |\n| Valtz, Miss. | Charmer |\n| Vivan, Col. R. L | Caldew |\n| Rouchai | Great Admiral |\n| Thornton, Wm. | Glunte |\n| Triarte, Apolinario | Lady Pencoy |\n| H. B. | Palestine |\n| Flodge, Rev. W. B. | Stanfield |\n| Kwong Tai Cheong | Cosso |\n| Kin Cheng Kaye, Mrs. E. | Oitacilla |\n| Luz, Eilarina dal | Lots |\n| Lea, Robert R. | Carlton, s.s. |\n| Lea Tong | Gismorgan, s.s. |\n| Lumley, John | Partheed Tueseanal |\n| Lanzon, J. W. | Strathbokk |\n| Lums, Mrs. R. | Lori Macaulay |\n| Ledyard, Dr. H. | Albyn's Isle |\n| More, Miss E. J. | Commairwealth, s.s. |\n| Muller, A. | Golden Fleece |\n| Mellomeosta, A. | Prince Amadou |\n| Mudge, Wm. | Strathmore, s.s. |\n| Mobilna, Harry | Alfredo |\n| Musso, Jean B. | Craigarà Cilarnamn |\n| Motsman, W. C. | George Skolfield |\n| Macomber, W. H. L | Leucadia |\n| Moffitt, J. | Prince Louis |\n| Meany, Maj.-Genl. | Lodore |\n| Mercer, Thos. | Pilgrim |\n| Murphy, Bord. | Lanexcust |\n| Mctiwen, Ms. | Brisbane |\n| Morgan, Noah | Hawkesbury |\n| Neo Toing Siew | l'eteral, s.s. |\n| Noo-Chre-Tian | Takstea |\n| O'Soughlin, Mrs. E. | Lucia |\n| Rosendab, P. | Pelba |\n| Rayden, W. M. | Toli Austrian |\n| Ruily, Chas. | Bebar, s.s. |\n| Roberts, W. C. | Dbarwar |\n| Reeves, E. A. | Helen |\n| Reaves, E. A. | Penrith |\n| Rosenstein. T. | Berths Marion & |\n| Sogn, D. J. de | Hopeful |\n| Staith & Co., H. | Beluarry |\n| Smith, Geo. | Ermirás |\n| Volloza, Jelin | Hernet |\n| Wing On Choong | Magdula |\n| White, Wm. E. | P. Fitzpatrick |\n| War Chung | Tamar |\n| Wildash, F. J. C. | Taunton |\n| Whyte, Jno. | Tre Corde |\n| Williams, John | Bertie Below |\n| Walker, Thos. | Eleanor |\n| Wilson, James | Hornt |\n| Daclin, Monsr. | Barian |\n| Dure, Mrs. J. W. | Estroom |\n| Bolmida, G. | Bury, St. Ed. |\n| Bishop, J. | Espiegla |\n| Duggleby, T. W. | Humboldt |\n| Pearton, B. J. | MeNeac |\n| Esteban, G. | Benefactor |\n| Egies | Earl of Devon |\n| Bramitt, Revd. | Harkaway |\n| Fretas, José | Mary Blair |\n| Garcia, Juliana | Mary Smith |\n| Gilkison, W. P. | Mugdaler |\n| Benson, James | Three Brothers |\n| Banks, Geo. | Queen of the West |\n| Clarke, Hugh | The Tweed |\n| Creaton, Jas. | Tyburnia |\n| Colville, D. D. | Black Watch |\n|  | Helona |\n|  | Muss Glen |\n|  | Maritime Union |\n|  | Rosie Welt |\n|  | Fair Lamar |\n|  | Cashmere |\n|  | Ferntower, s.s. |\n|  | Irigo |\n|  | Marcia, s.s. |\n|  | Regent |\n|  | Win, Manson |\n|  | Mary Fraser |\n|  | Possbud |\n|  | Wate of Nil |\n|  | Pabins |\n|  | Countess of Erroll |\n|  | Frederick |\n|  | Jamies Shepherd |\n|  | Masonic |\n|  | Rifleman |\n|  | W. E. Gladstone |\n\n### Government of South Australia.\n\n## NOTICE TO MARINERS. INVESTIGATOR STRAIT ALTHORPE ISLAND.\n\nReferring to Notices issued from this Department on the 27th July, 1877, the 25th January, 1878, and the 6th June, 1878, Mariners are now hereby informed that on and after the 14th day of February, 1879, a Revolving Light of the first order, flashing every fifteen seconds, will be exhibited from a Light Tower, painted white, and 40 feet in height, erected on the large Althorpe Island. The color of the light will be white, except between the bearings, from the Lighthouse, of N. 25° W., and N. 61° W., where a red arc of light will be shown, leading half-a-mile to the eastward of Emmes Reef, and nearly half-a-mile southward of the S.W. Rock.\n\nThe focal plane of the light will be at an elevation of 350 feet above the sea-level. In ordinary weather, the bright portion of the light should be observed from a ship's deck about 25 miles distant, and the red arc of light about 17 miles.\n\nWhen much refraction exists both lights may be seen at a greater distance.\n\nMarine Board Offices, Port Adelaide, 7th November, 1878.\n\nR. H. FERGUSON,\nPresident Marine Board.\n\n## Books, &c., without Covers.\n\nArbetare-Bradet. \nAnsterdstemor. \nChristian. \nDagbladet. \nDaily Telegraph. \nEl Jumparcial. \nLangelands Zidende. \nReynolds's Newspaper. \nL'Union Saveisionar. \nSchreib und Hülfskalender, 1879. \nThe Illustrated Sporting & \nLeisure Hour. \nJounal de Geneve. \nJournal de St. Petersbourg. \nLoofungen und Lehrterte. \nSunderland & Dasham (2 books). \nCounty Herald. \nSaturday Falkirk Herald. \nand Dramatic News. \nUnited Methodist Free Churches Minutes 1878, \nTimes. \nThe Times of India. \nWeekly Scotsman.\n\n## Detained for Postage.\n\nMcLaren, Mrs., Revd. Pro. McLaren, D.D., Toronto, Canada, (4 cents)\n\nGeneral Post Office, Hongkong, 17th January, 1879.\n\n1 Buck",
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        "id": 303459,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 51,
        "title": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "# THE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 8TH JANUARY, 1879.\n\n## GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\nThe following Notice to Mariners is published for general information.\n\nBy Command,\nColonial Secretary's Office,\n**C. MAY,**\nActing Colonial Secretary.\nHongkong, 4th January, 1879.\n\n## Government of China.\n\n### NOTICE TO MARINERS. [No. 97.]\n\n#### CHINA SEA.\n#### YANGTZE RIVER-SHANGHAI DISTRICT.\n\n1. Acteon Buoy.\n\nThis Buoy has been shifted about 900 feet E. by S. of its former position. It is moored in 5 fathoms at low water, and marks the S.W. edge of the Acteon Shoal. Fork Tree bears S. 9° W. Centaur Buoy, Laungalian Pagoda bears N. 37° W.\n\n2. Vine Point Buoy.\n\nThis Buoy has been shifted about half a mile W.N.W. of its former position. It is moored in 4½ fathoms at low water, and marks the western edge of the Vine Point Shoal. Langshan Pagoda bears N. 67° E. Fushan Fort bears S. 29° W. North Tree Light bears N. 2° W.\n\nBy order of the Inspector General of Customs,\n**GERALD E. WELLESLEY,**\nActing Engineer-in-Chief.\nIMPERIAL MARITIME CUSTOMS,\nENGINEERS' OFFICE,\nSHANGHAI, 17th December, 1878.\n\n## MAGISTRACY, HONGKONG,\n3rd January, 1879.\n\nSummary of Cases deserving notice decided at the Magistracy, during the week ending 2nd January, 1879:\n\n| Case | Sentence |\n| --- | --- |\n| Larceny in a dwelling house of a box of clothing value $100. | Sentenced to six months' imprisonment with hard labour. |\n| Larceny of two baskets of soap. | Two defendants; one sentenced to three months' imprisonment with hard labour, and the other ordered to find security in ten dollars to be of good behaviour for three months. |\n| Unlawful possession of 1,000 cash. | Fined $10, or eight weeks imprisonment with hard labour. |\n\n## 江海關稅務司示\n\n為通行曉諭事照得本總營造司前據總稅務司赫憲劄行以沿海沿江建造燈塔浮樁等事或係創設或宜改移或有增添或須裁撤營造既有變更務卽隨時彰明出示通曉各處俾行江海稅務營造處署總營造司魏為通行曉諭事查江海關稅務司所轄界內長江塘港口沙船隻...\n\n計開\n一、長江太倉州姚港口東南沙邊向設之警船浮現經自原處向西北偏西移泊約七十五丈於朔望潮落水深五拓之處為指明該沙西南角自淨觀桉樹為南九度西視福山砲臺為南二十九度西視龔家墟燈杆為北一里半\n二、長江通州姚港口之警船浮現經移設合將其度勢開列於左...\n\n忘勿忽切切特示\n光緒四年十一月二十四日第九十七號示\n\n## 香港巡理府\n\n自戊寅年開平司徒方番禺黎東莞范珠者年...\n \n為干本月初七日在海旁生四階內有衣物等件計值百元偷去白頭人衣箱壹個幷邀失主赴堂指証月初六日在海旁西約號差見之拿獲到案莞人氏小販為生于本...\n\n## MINUTE.\n\nNo 31.\n\n...\n\n4. Remark as to the Estimates made on another Draft.\n\n... \nFir Mc. Hicks Beach.\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter reporting the Sale of the opium farm for 8 years for a Sum $200000 and I have to express my satisfaction at the Success which has attended Your efforts to obtain increase Revenue from this Source.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 424,
        "title": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "## \nplaced, they would be associated in the experienced Infantry troops. But I believe that this Chinese Regiment, judiciously raised and managed, would be as capable generally, any other native militia infantry corps. Doubtless they would be more efficient in conflicts with Chinese people than with Western races: The history of modern Chinese wars clearly shows this, and also shows that in such cases they make excellent troops if well led. By English-speaking Chinese non-commissioned officers, properly trained in the garrison. Or the non-commissioned officers were Europeans well acquainted with Cantonese, I do not think this \n\ncan be desirable, nor I do not count it essential since it is well known that foreign-drilled Chinese troops in China have usually been taught by English \n\ncommand, which may pick up men from home; and care should be taken to choose men with some sympathy with provincial native races.",
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    {
        "id": 308267,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-192 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 257,
        "title": "CO129-192 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "C. O.\n\n252\n\nin \"Hongkong\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nMy Lord, Your Lordship's Most Obedient\n\nHumble Servant,\n\nMyreffumency.\n\nThe Daily Press.\n\nHONGKONG, JANUARY 8TH, 1881.\n\nGUNNERY AND STEAM TRIAL OF H.M.S.WIVERN\"\n\nBY OUR SPECIAL COMMISSIONER.] The Wivern, 4, ironclad turret ship, in charge of Commander John G. Jones, was taken outside for a gunnery and steam trial on Thursday morning. Governor Sir John Pope Hennessy went out to witness the target practice, and His Excellency was accompanied by Admiral Coste, C.B., Commodore Smith, Captain Cleveland, Flag-Lieut. W. H. Maitland-Dougall, and Captain Barton, A.D.C. to the Major-General Commanding; and a number of gunnery officers from the fleet now in harbour. Mr. R. H. Sleeman, Inspector of Machinery; and Mr. George Fitzgerald, Chief Engineer of the Iron Duke, were also present, but the engines of the Wivern were in charge of Mr. L. M. Gresw, Chief Engineer of the ship.\n\nIf there is one thing more than another which your \"Commissioner\" regards with a fixed and inveterate antipathy, it is getting up in the middle of the night. Under the impression that there was some connexion between ships and tide, and remembering the copy-book text which averred that the latter \"waits for no man,” I gave orders to be called at six a.m., and was punctually roused out at that ghostly hour. There were few things stirring but the cooks and beasts; two dissipated-looking sparrows had apparently been making a night of it somewhere, and eventually found their way into my verandah, and an asthmatical coolie was dragging his weary limbs down the road as if nine men held him and one drove him; and notwithstanding that my faithful domestic had administered a skilfully compounded \"eye-opener,\" that operation had to be repeated before I could fully appreciate the situation. Somebody, somewhere, has written, \"Night is the time for rest,\" evidently knowing nothing about getting up in the middle of it to go on a steam trial. However, preliminary difficulties surmounted, I got to Peddar's Wharf, and soon after ran the gig alongside the gangway of the ironclad which was about to go on the cruise referred to above.\n\nI almost feel that the Wivern is an old acquaintance, as I used to pass her daily in going from Liverpool to the Cheshire shore at the time she and her sister ship—now the Scorpion, at Bermuda—were lying together in the Sloyne, in the custody, if I remember rightly, of Captain \"Jacky\" Paynter, of the Revenge. These two vessels, popularly known through a clever cartoon in Punch of that period (1863), as \"the Laird's rams,\" were no doubt built for the Confederates, although it was stated they were intended for some Eastern, not Western, navy; their names, too, tended to confirm a belief in their Eastern destination, as they had been christened El Tousson and El Monacir. Soon after their construction in Laird's yard, at Birkenhead, and just before they were ready for sea, strong representations were made by the Government of the United States, which resulted in the vessels' detention in the Mersey by the British authorities, and after lying there some considerable time they were eventually purchased by our Government.\n\nThe invention of the cupola or turret principle, as applied to war ships, is credited to the late Captain Cowper Coles, who made known the merits of this form of vessel in 1855; but it was not until 1861 that the Admiralty could be prevailed upon to regard the system in a favourable light. In the following year, however, the turret was adopted by Ericsson when he built the Monitor for the United States Government during the Civil War, and she gave a good account of herself in the memorable action with the Merrimac, just after the latter vessel had succeeded in effecting the destruction of the Cumberland and Congress.\n\nAlthough seventeen years old, the Wivern is in an excellent state of preservation, nothing about her presenting that perishing appearance noticed in some ships even though they may have seen but little service. This will probably be accounted for by reason that she was originally well built, both in respect to the work and materials put into her, and that she has been well kept; added to which £30,000 was spent upon her not long since in giving her new boilers and decks, having forecastle and poop built, cabins fitted, and bilge keels placed upon her. Although, of course, the Wivern is a long way behind the terrific engines of destruction of more recent times, she is a fine addition to the China command, and properly manned should be a real protection to this harbour and Colony. She presents the least possible target, answers her helm most readily, has no top-hamper, possesses many water-tight compartments, and not a man need be exposed in working her big guns in action, as she has steering gear below and a bullet-proof tower for the officer directing the movements of the vessel. With all those immense advantages, it must be apparent that in the duello there is no craft of any nationality in the Far East that would have any chance with her. In addition to her fighting power, she is formidable as a ram, as she has four or five feet of spur; and on a recent occasion when I saw her in dry dock, I was surprised to find that she was rather a pretty model below the water-line. The Wivern is 220 feet long, with a beam of 41 feet, and in commission has a complement of 150 men; and, with stores, provisions, and ammunition on board, to fighting trim she has a mean draught of 17 feet.\n\nSoon after His Excellency the Governor arrived on board, the ship's head was laid to westward and she proceeded under easy steam down the harbour and out through the Sulphur Channel; and on arriving off the south-east point of Lamma Island the steam trial commenced. The working of her machinery was highly satisfactory, and going down with the wind eleven knots were got out of her with 69 revolutions; after being brought head to wind and going back over the same course, a similar result was obtained; and later, with 70 revolutions, a slight improvement upon eleven knots was made.\n\nThe Wivern's armament consists of four 12-ton guns, Woolwich pattern, two in each turret; four Nordenfeldt guns, two on the forecastle and two on the poop; a Gatling gun, mounted on a carriage fit for shore fighting, but the gun can be readily detached and hoisted into a cutter for boat service; there is also a 9-pounder for the latter kind of work. In addition to this she carries the formidable Whitehead fish torpedoes, containing a charge of 33lbs. of gun-cotton, and spar torpedoes with 35lbs. of the same explosive. The projectiles for the 12-ton guns are of several kinds—empty common shell, weighing 237lbs.; Palliser chilled shot, of 250lbs., and Palliser chilled shell, of the same weight, but containing a bursting charge which explodes immediately it has contact with the object, besides these are case-shot and shrapnel. A full charge of powder is 30lbs. rifle large grain, and a battering charge 50lbs. pebble. The mechanical appliances adopted in loading and working these guns are such as to enable the gunners to fire with great rapidity, and the result is that a tremendous weight of metal can be poured into an enemy's ship in an incredibly short space of time. But of modern weapons, probably less is generally known about the Nordenfeldt gun than any other. The first ship in the British navy which received a Nordenfeldt gun was the Comus, now in Hongkong Harbour, followed by the Northampton, 12, double-screw armour-plated ship, and",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-198 - Governor Hennessy Acting Governor Tonnochy - 1882 [3]",
        "page_number": 61,
        "title": "CO129-198 - Governor Hennessy Acting Governor Tonnochy - 1882 [3]",
        "content_text": "## C. O. 6570 59 RECR\n\nby Major Palmer\n\nand vote him \"One thousand dollars for the work already performed by him. \"The committee, however, recommend that no further outlay be incurred on part of the Observatory until the scheme is definitely sanctioned from home.\"\n\nTrue Extract.\n\nArathoon Seth, Clerk of Councils.\n\n## GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION. 80, APR(92)\n\n### HONGKONG\n\n#### PROPOSED OBSERVATORY\n\nThe following is published for general information.\n\nBy His Excellency's Command,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 25th February, 1882.\n\n### MAJOR PALMER TO HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR\n\nM. S. TONNOCITY, Acting Colonial Secretary,\n\nHONGKONG, 24th February, 1882.\n\nMY DEAR GOVERNOR,-Having devoted my spare evenings during the last two months to a little scientific work which will be of use to the Colony-namely, a precise determination of the latitude of Mount Elgin-I have much pleasure in sending Your Excellency the accompanying short account of my work and its results, as you will doubtless be glad to place such information on record, for future reference, and as an appendix to my Report of last year.\n\nI am, Dear Sir,\n\nYours very faithfully,\n\nHis Excellency, Governor Sir JOHN POPE HENNESSY, K.C.M.G.\n\nH. SPENCER PALMER.\n\n### ON A DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE AT MOUNT ELGIN, IN THE KAU-LUNG PENINSULA\n\nBY MAJOR H. SPENCER PALMER, R.E., F.R.A.S.\n\nIn the scheme for the proposed Hongkong Physical Observatory which I drew up last year for the information of His Excellency the Governor, it was explained that astronomical observations in this island would pretty certainly be vitiated by deflection of the spirit-levels caused by the neighbouring hill masses; and this was adduced as one reason for favouring a site at Kau-lung, where the conditions--at least above ground-give no cause for apprehending sensible errors of that kind.\n\nFor various reasons, Lieutenant-Commander GREEN, of the United States' surveying-ship \"Palos,\" whose scientific mission I described in the same paper, was obliged, on his arrival here in September last, to establish his own observing station on this shore. But he was fully alive to the weight of the objection explained above; and subsequently, when we were speaking together on the matter, he was good enough to offer to lend me one of his instruments for a month or two, in order that I might myself make a separate determination of latitude on Mount Elgin. With this obliging offer I gladly closed, feeling as I do the importance of having the latitude of the proposed Observatory site established with the highest accuracy possible, and under conditions free from the uncertainty which must affect any determination on this side of the harbour; while the fact that, relying on Lieutenant-Commander GREEN's expected visit, I had omitted from the Observatory scheme provision for a latitude instrument left no room for doubt as to the wisdom of accepting his offer and devoting some time and trouble to a determination which should be precise and final.\n\nThe operations and results are described in the following notes and tables.\n\n#### Observing Station\n\nThe observing station is near the western edge of the eastern of the two eminences which are together called Mount Elgin-the same on which it is proposed to erect the main building of the future Observatory. It is marked by a small pier, erected for the support of the instrument.\n\n#### Instrument\n\nThe instrument used was a portable transit-instrument, adapted for use also as a zenith-telescope. It was made in America, by Messrs. ALVAN CLARK & SONS, for the United States' Transit of Venus Commission, 1874, and it is numbered `1505`. This instrument is of the Diagonal form, which I believe originated in Russia, and in which the rays of light, instead of passing straight from the object to the eye end of the telescope, are bent at right angles by a prism fixed at the junction of the tube and axis, and so pass out at one of the pivots. The great advantage of this form of construction is that the observer occupies the same position no matter what be the zenith-distance of the star under observation. Its disadvantages, which are few, apply more to its use as a transit-instrument than as a zenith-telescope. Other advantages of this instrument are its easily manageable reversing apparatus and its remarkable stability under reversal.\n\nThe telescope has an object-glass of 2.5 inches aperture, and a focal length of about 30 inches; stars down to the seventh and the eye-piece commonly used magnifies about 50 diameters.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-204 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 260,
        "title": "CO129-204 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "# MEMO.\n## 5. For example, in my report for 1876, I show that the increase over 1875, irrespective of one additional case of murder, is to be found in the two items of Highway Robbery and Larcenies; whilst in reading over my evidence before the Police Committee I observe that, with reference to the number of men employed on night duties, I have made no mention of the circumstances that have rendered it expedient to maintain a larger proportion of men on day duty, and consequently a lesser one on night duty than obtains in England.\n\n2. (a.) A great number of offences, such as pocket-picking, snatching of ear-rings, and some time since (1872) the knocking down of Europeans for the sake of robbery took place between sundown and 9 P.M.\n\n(b.) Any person walking through the streets of the Chinese town during the day time cannot fail to be struck with the number of men loitering about, without any ostensible means of livelihood.\n\n(c.) So many of the Chinese are utter strangers to the manners and customs of a city controlled somewhat on the model of western countries, that a larger force of Police is required during the day time to enforce municipal laws.\n\n(d) In England the Police in the day time have the material assistance of the passengers in the streets should any offence, especially of a serious nature, be committed. In Hongkong, from the instinctive dread of any act bringing the agent in contact with the law, inculcated by the harshness of Chinese Officials and Chinese Law in their native places, the Chinese passengers in our streets will, with the rarest exceptions, render no assistance even in such a brutal case as that of a woman having her ear-rings snatched from her ears.\n\n(e.) The heat of the summer months and great discomfort resulting therefrom when a man is walking, renders it most undesirable for the sake of the men's health that the duties should be prolonged for more than six hours at a spell.\n\n(f) In discussing the length of time that the Police should do duty during the twenty-four hours, the following points have to be borne in mind:-\n\n(1.) Several have extra duties owing to the Fire Brigade being under Government control.\n\n(2.) Their attendance at the Magistracy with their prisoners often involves their spending many hours there.\n\n(3.) The Police drills and school are additional.\n\n(4.) There is no reserve for extra duties, such as guards at the Supreme Court during sessions, &c.\n\n## 6. There has been a steady increase in cases of Simple Larceny, and it is owing to this principally, that the apparent increase of \"serious crime\" exists. But the census of 1876 shows an increase of about 15,000, or 12 per cent, in the population of the Colony since 1874; which in itself is sufficient to account for what appears unsatisfactory.\n\n## 7. The increase in minor offences is especially delusive, when the annual totals are alone considered, or in addition to the increase of population which materially affects this branch of the subject, as these offences contained some that are often committed through ignorance rather than malice, the following items have first appeared on the charge sheets since 1871:\n\n(a) Mendicants, 1876, 286 cases,\n\n(b) Street Cries, 1876, 280 cases,\n\nother offences created by new Ordinances.\n\n## 8. The following explains the increase over 1875:---\n\n\"(4) The increase in Miscellaneous Offences is caused by the number of persons arrested as \"Mendicants and as Unlicensed Hawkers.\"\n\n\"(9) Considering the returns for the year as a whole, they may fairly be deemed satisfactory, \"especially when the development of the City, and of certain Villages, is considered, as \"well as the increased facilities that have been afforded for the influx of strangers into \"the Colony.\"\n\n## 9. With reference to the general question of crime in Hongkong, I think that in my report for ... have pointed out where the weak point lies.\n\n“(7) A Commission is now considering the question of punishments, &c., in the Gaol, and \"it is to be hoped that their enquiries may result in the recommendation of some system \"that may render that establishment more disagreeable to ex-convicts, than it appears to \"have been from the experience of past years. The fact that the number of prisoners \"sentenced to imprisonment at the Magistracy shows a proportion of two old offenders \"to three persons arrested on the first known charge demonstrates the desirability of making imprisonment more deterrent.”\n\nIf, as recommended by the Commission, the separate system can be introduced, I trust that my future reports will show a marked decrease of crime, especially by old offenders.\n\n## 10. In conclusion, I would beg to refer to the Annual Police Report for 1869, which contains a comparative abstract of crime during six months in 1865 and 1869; as this shows the enormous amount of crime with which I had to deal, when first I had the honour to assume command of the Police, in October, 1866.\n\nHongkong, 23rd October, 1878.\n\nW. M. DEANE, Captain Superintendent of Police,\n\n18, SION HILL, BATH, 26th November, 1877.\n\n**To BRAMSTON, ESQ., Under Secretary of State for the Colonies**\n\nSIR.-In accordance with your instructions, I have the honor to submit certain explanations concerning the apparent increase of crime in Hongkong during the past ten years.\n\n## 2. An arbitrary arrangement has existed for several years of dividing criminal reports under two headings of serious crimes and minor offences.\n\n**CRIME.**\n\n| Year | ... | \n| --- | --- |\n| 1867 | ... | \n| 1868 | ... | \n| 1869 | ... | \n| 1870 | ... | \n| 1871 | ... | \n| 1872 | ... | \n| 1873 | ... | \n| 1874 | ... | \n| 1875 | ... | \n| 1876 | ... | \n| 1877 | ... | \n| 1878 | ... | \n\n**Return of Cases of Serious Crime from 1867 to 1878.**\n\n|  | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 | 1870 | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | Average under |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Robbery with Violence from the Person | 47 | 49 | 62 | 47 | 46 | 119 | 76 | 274 | 261 | 150 | ? | 4 |\n| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |\n| Totals | 1,458 | 1,249 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |\n\n## 3. It must be premised that the Police Returns are composed of all offences appearing on charge sheets, and also of all reports of offences in which no arrests have been made, whilst Magistrates' returns do not include this latter class, but they do include summonses for various offences and especially against the sanitary laws. Hence there is an apparent discrepancy in these returns.\n\n## 4. The consideration alone of the annual totals of \"Serious Crimes,\" naturally leads to the inference that such crimes have slightly increased; it is therefore only by comparing the nine various items comprised under this heading, that it will be seen that what really constitutes serious crime has diminished.\n\nW. M. DEANE, Captain Superintendent of Police, Hongkong.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-204 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 311,
        "title": "CO129-204 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "306\n\nAs for Bransta with regard to it, it will be exactly as possible. I have shown it in King Hang. Slaves russaint is to Command hu is 22 page Courtney 12 0 7 6 Le sc of Daper just given to Palaunt. Afmely (c-9185) 1882\n\nChinese Slavery in Hong Kong? with regard to BB regards 5 Berthel Parry in Singapore. An A chance has just been paper for the Protection of women's good statement of the case is poin 20 for 26277 Shiats. see also Hing Ring her Weech with 5474 regard & Debt Slavery in to Protected native States of the Malay. Pammals for Constating mis H.C. 5533 \n\n1869/75 H435/78 a first report upon the subject & to last that we have perused, Eur apas. \" the Western Pacific\" in reference to it, it will probably be in connection with the practice of making a present to the Chinese family of a recruit in the Canton traffic, which it must be owned gives colour & the impression that he is bought. W. Counting is aman from a paper al pap of Commodore Wilson Recent Report (printed copy)",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "page_number": 532,
        "title": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "content_text": "# 527 \n## Topographical Description of Singapore.\n\nThe island of Singapore presents very few marked elevations. Its surface consists for the most part of small rounded hills averaging about 100 feet in height, the valleys between which are only a few feet above the sea level. Bukit Timah, the highest point, has an elevation of about 530 feet.\n\n## Town.\nThe town of Singapore is situated on a flat alluvial plain, which stretches along the shore of an open bay on the south-eastern part of the island. This bay, which is about 3.4 miles in width, from Tanjong Karong on the east to Tanjong Paggar on the west, receives the waters of two small streams, the Singapore river and the Kallang river, the latter of which unites at its mouth with two smaller rivers, the Rochore and the Gaylang, whilst the former runs through the centre of the town and divides it into two distinct portions.--(`Plan II`). That portion on the southern side is the chief commercial quarter, and is provided with ample quays and wharves for the landing and shipment of merchandize. A quay, about 600 yards in length, stretches from the mouth along the right bank of the river, which, for a distance of over a quarter of a mile, here assumes the form of an elliptical basin about 150 yards in maximum width. This basin, which cannot be seen from the bay, on account of a projecting spit of land on the southern side of the entrance to the river, is generally covered by hundreds of native small craft engaged in transhipping goods between vessels in the roadstead and the warehouses which cover a large area in this quarter of the town.\n\n## \nOn the left bank of the Singapore river are situated the Public Buildings, whilst to the eastward, as far as the Kallang river, stretches a native town, called Campong Glam, which is the oldest portion of Singapore. From Tanjong Rhoo, a narrow spit on the south side of the entrance to the Kallang river, the coast to Tanjong Katong, (a distance of about 4,000 yards) and for some miles beyond, is flat, and the country behind presents no particular elevation.\n\nAlong the western shore of the bay, to the southward of the town, and from thence to Tanjong Paggar, are several hills; the principal of which, Mount Palmer, is about 110 feet above the sea. \n\nA sandy spit lies to the south of Tanjong Paggar, for a distance of about 600 yards, and from its southern extremity to Tanjong Katong runs the 3 fathom line.(`Plan II`). Immediately outside this line, and at a distance of about a mile from the shore, are the Singapore Roads, in which vessels of the heaviest burden can lie in perfect safety, in a depth of water varying from 7 to 12 fathoms. Parallel to the Roads, and at a distance of about 2 miles from the town, is a shoal, some 3,000 yards in length and 450 in breadth.\n\n## \nTo the westward of the town are several hills, for the most part occupied by houses of the European portion of the population. The most prominent of these on the northern side of the Singapore river is the site of Fort Canning, which is 150 feet above the sea, and about half a mile distant from the shore. Pearls Hill, on the southern side of the river, and about the same height as Fort Canning Hill, is occupied by the Military Store Establishment. The Sepoy Lines, formerly the quarters of a Native Regiment, and now partly appropriated as a General Hospital, are on the southern side of Pearls Hill. About three miles from the town to the westward are the Tanglin Barracks, containing accommodation for one European Regiment.\n\n## \nAt the southern extremity of Singapore Island is a range of hills called Mount Faber, ranging N.W. and S.E., and about a mile in length. The most easterly point of this range is about 2,500 yards from Mount Palmer, and the highest point of Mount Faber is 357 feet above the sea. Between this and Port Canning, the country is low and undulating, and is well commanded from these two points.\n\nOff the southern extremity of the island of Singapore lies Blakan Mati, a triangular shaped island, 2.4 miles in length and 1 mile in average breadth, and the south-eastern and south-western sides of which are in prolongation of the adjacent shores of the main island. The highest point on Blakan Mati is Mount Serapong, near the eastern end of the island, and about 300 feet above the sea level. Between Blakan Mati and Singapore island, runs a channel, of a minimum depth of 6 fathoms, known as the New Harbour, along the northern shore of which are a succession of wharves, docks, coaling dépôts, and fitting establishments. From Mount Serapong, a fine command is obtained over the Roadstead, the harbour and establishments therein, as well as upon the approaches thereto. The eastern entrance to the New Harbour between Blakan Mati and Tanjong Paggar is about a mile in width, the breadth of the channel being about 600 yards. Immediately inside the entrance are the Tanjong Paggar Works, consisting of a wharf, capable of berthing a dozen vessels at a time, out of the action of the tide, and having sufficient water alongside for the heaviest ships; a dock, 450 feet in length, and 65 in breadth at the entrance; a large machine shop, having the appliances necessary for effecting the heaviest repairs to steamers and iron vessels; extensive coal sheds, capable of containing 30,000 tons; and commodious warehouses.\n\nNear the eastern entrance also, between Mount Serapong and Mount Faber, lies Pulo Braui, an irregular shaped island, the highest point of which is about 170 feet in height. On the",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "content_text": "## Existing Harbour Facilities\n\nOn the northern side of this island are the Naval Coal Stores, and on the southern side is a small dock. Opposite Pulo Brani and at the foot of the Mount Faber range, are the wharves of the Borneo Company, Jardine's Company, and the Peninsula and Oriental Company. The total length of these wharves is about 600 yards. Still further to the westward, and near the western entrance to the New Harbour, which is only about 300 yards wide, are the wharves, docks, fitting shops, and coal sheds of the New Harbour Dock Company. Here are two docks, 415 feet and 459 feet long respectively, whilst the wharves will accommodate five or six vessels. These wharves, docks, and machine shops are now constantly under use by Dutch ships of war, which are sent here from Acheen to repair and refit, and may of course also be used by vessels of the Royal Navy. Their situation is most advantageous, for it will be seen that the New Harbour is covered on the sea side by the Blakan Mati and on the land side by Mount Faber with its adjacent hills; the entrance from the westward is narrow, whilst the Outer Shoal and Pulo Brani partially close the eastern entrance to vessels of heavy tonnage. The harbour thus assumes the form of a long arrow-shaped navigable basin which, with but little difficulty, could be closed against hostile vessels.\n\n## Existing Defences\n\nThe existing works of Singapore are weak and insignificant. Built many years ago, they were only intended to meet local requirements, and were constructed without reference to the importance of the place as an Imperial Naval Station. They are five in number, viz--Fort Canning, crowning the hill at the back of the town; Fort Fullerton, situated on the low projecting spit at the entrance of the Singapore river; Mount Palmer Battery, constructed on the steep sea-face of the hill of the same name; Mount Faber Battery, situated on the south-eastern extremity of that ridge, at a height of 132 feet; and a battery for two 13-inch Mortars near the site of the flag-staff (Point 1) at a distance of about 900 yards from the last-named work, and at a height of about 300 feet above the level of the sea. The position of these defences is shown on `Plan (D)`.\n\n### Fort Canning\n\nFort Canning is a long, narrow, straggling work, 450 yards in length by 80 yards in mean width, its trace approximately following the top contour of the hill on which it is built. It is unprovided with flank defence; the parapets are weak and badly proportioned; the ditch is shallow and insignificant; the scarp and counter-scarp are for the most part unrevetted; the glacis are only partially swept by musketry fire from the parapet; the magazines are not bomb-proof and are much exposed; and there is, moreover, little or no bombproof cover for the garrison.\n\nThe armament in its present condition is practically unserviceable. Most of the S.B. guns with which it is armed require re-venting, and the wooden carriages and platforms, upon which they are mounted, have all suffered from exposure to climate.\n\nAt the southern end of the Fort is an outwork called the South or Seaward Battery. The terreplein of this battery is at a somewhat lower level than that of the main work, and its gorge is closed by the main parapet. It is armed with seven 68-pdrs. S.B. guns of 95 cwt.--only one of which is at present serviceable. Five of these guns, however, are repairable. The main work is armed with eight 8-inch S.B. guns of 65 cwt. mounted at intervals at the salients, together with three 13-inch M.S. mortars of 36 cwt. on its south-eastern face. In the centre of the terreplein stand a Barrack and Offices, originally built to accommodate two garrison batteries of Royal Artillery. They are now occupied by the headquarters of one battery of Royal Artillery and by a company of Infantry.\n\nFort Canning is too retired to be of service for the defence of the roadstead, even if the work were remodelled to receive a heavy armament of long range. A fire from this work, moreover, would not only be ineffective in itself, but would draw an enemy's fire on the town. The fort, however, occupies a position from whence Singapore is well commanded on all sides, and, in case of an insurrection of the coloured population, it would be a valuable place of refuge for the Europeans of the settlement, whilst its fire would overawe the town and prevent the insurgents from maintaining possession thereof. If properly armed, its western faces would command the valley which extends towards Mount Faber, and with a work, to which I shall hereafter refer, on this point, the intervening country would be swept, and an enemy prevented from advancing on the land side to attack the establishments in the New Harbour.\n\nFort Canning should, therefore, be maintained, not as a work to aid in the defence of Singapore to seaward, but to combine with a work on Mount Faber, and an intermediate field redoubt, in sweeping the valley between itself and Mount Faber; also to command the chief quarters of the town. It should, therefore, undergo such alteration and receive such armament as would secure these objects. I would recommend that four rifled guns of small calibre--say 64-pdrs. Palliser converted M.L.R. guns--should be mounted on the western faces; that the 8-inch S.B. guns, which form part of the existing armament, should be re-vented and re-distributed in the most convenient manner to command the town; that the glacis should be cleared and levelled, and the profile of the work so altered that the musketry fire from the parapet should sweep the ground in front; that a palisade be constructed...",
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        "id": 319979,
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        "title": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "content_text": "## \n8\n\nalong the centre of the bottom of the ditch, and that flank defence be provided therein. I would also recommend that the southern part of this work should be cut off from the long straggling main work by a flanked ditch and wall. This interior retrenchment would not only serve as a redoubt for the whole work, from which an artillery fire could still be maintained on the town, but would provide for the probable contingency of its having to be defended by a small garrison only.\n\n## Fort Fullerton\n\nFort Fullerton, a weak battery à fleur d'eau, has been partially dismantled to make way for the Government Post Office, but it still has an armament of nine 68-pdrs, of 95 cwt., six of which are mounted. Eight of these guns, however, require re-venting and one is unserviceable. This work was formerly intended to assist in the defence of the roadstead, but its retired position and want of command render it very unsuitable for this object. Like Fort Canning, moreover, a fire from this work would draw the enemy's fire on the town. Fort Fullerton would, however, owing to its position, be a useful post in case of a rising of the native population, and I would recommend that it should be retained with reference to this contingency. With this view, the guns mounted on the sea-face should be removed, the embrasures filled up, and the parapet provided with a banquette. The gorge of the work should also be closed by a loopholed wall, in connection with the Post Office.\n\n## Painter Battery\n\nThis battery is constructed in the shape of an elongated horse-shoe, 100 feet in length by 10 feet in mean width, and is armed with five 56-pdrs., S. B. guns of 98 cwt., three of which only are now in position and these require re-venting; the remaining two are dismounted and unserviceable. There is no bombproof accommodation, and its magazine, which is situated in the gorge of the work close to the guns, is weak and much exposed. This battery occupies a commanding position, however, and was constructed with a view of bringing a cross fire to bear on the roadstead in connection with Forts Canning and Fullerton. Owing to its small extent, the guns are placed very close together, and but one 4-foot traverse is provided. This circumstance, taken in connection with its position on a narrow ledge on the face of the cliff, would always have rendered the service of the guns dangerous. The site is quite unsuited for the requirements of modern warfare, and I recommend that the armament should be removed, and the battery entirely dismantled. The summit of the hill, upon the slope of which it stands, presents, however, a very advantageous and commanding site for a work to aid in the defence of the roadstead and the New Harbour. I shall refer to this point hereafter.\n\n## Mount Faber Battery\n\nThis battery was constructed for two 56-pdrs., S. B. guns of 95 cwt., and designed to bear upon the eastern and western entrances of the New Harbour, which are distant 2,300 yards and 2,400 yards respectively, as well as to play upon any vessel that had succeeded in entering the harbour, in which the navigation is somewhat difficult. The armament of this work has, however, been removed and the work itself has not been kept in repair.\n\n## Mount Faber Mortar Battery\n\nThe two 13-inch mortars are still in position, but the work itself can scarcely be said to exist. The mortars were intended to play upon the deck of any vessel that may have entered the New Harbour, but it need scarcely be added that so small an amount of vertical fire would scarcely afford such protection.\n\n## \n9\n\nIt will be seen that the existing defences scarcely provide in any degree for the protection of New Harbour, and that there is nothing to prevent a hostile cruizer from entering, and destroying the shipping, wharves, docks, and establishments therein.\n\nI will now consider what defences are necessary to afford the required protection.\n\n## Proposed defences\n\nDistant as Singapore is from any great foreign naval centre of operations, from whence a possibly hostile maritime power could despatch an expedition in any great force, it is only necessary to defend it against the attack of a squadron which might consist of three or four vessels, one or two of which would probably be ironclad. If it were considered necessary to provide for defence against non-armourclad vessels only, of course a large saving would be effected in the cost of armaments. It is, however, to be observed that France and Holland each have, at the present time, at least one ironclad in the Eastern Seas. A few months ago, there were three ironclad vessels, two French and one Dutch, in Harbour here.\n\n## General plan of defence\n\nIn order to provide effectively for the protection of New Harbour, I would propose to place two works on the island of Blakan Mati--one on Mount Serpong, the other on Mount Siloso; also a new battery on Mount Palmer. I further propose to occupy Mount Faber for defence on the land side. The positions of these works are shown on `plan I` herewith.\n\n## Work on Mount Serpong\n\nThe work on Mount Serapong would bring a fire to bear seaward upon the wide zone which extends from the western entrance of the New Harbour to Tanjong Paggar spit; flank the front of Blakan Mati and of the proposed work on Mount Siloso; command the New Harbour from end to end, and, though at long range, the Singapore Straits to the southward. In conjunction with the work on Mount Palmer, it would also maintain a cross-fire on the channels leading into the New Harbour from the Eastward. Its commanding situation, on the cul-",
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    {
        "id": 319980,
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        "page_number": 535,
        "title": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "content_text": "## Defence of New Harbour and Roadstead\n\nThe defence of the New Harbour and roadstead is a critical aspect of the overall defence strategy. The terminating point of Blakan Mati, from which an all-round fire can be brought to bear, will render it the key of the defences, whilst the decks of vessels which may attempt to force an entrance into the New Harbour, or which might have succeeded in doing so, will be exposed to its plunging fire. I recommend that this fort should be the largest of the new works of defence, and that it should be constructed to receive ten H-inch M.L.R. guns, distributed in the most convenient manner round a knoll which crowns the summit of the hill, and which will perform the office of a large traverse to protect the guns in any face from the effects of reverse fire.\n\nThe western entrance of the Harbour will be closed by the work on Mount Siloso. From this point, a fire can be brought to bear upon any vessel attempting to enter the Harbour from the westward, or upon any vessel that might have succeeded in effecting an entrance into the Harbour. A flanking fire would also be brought to bear along the front of Blakan Mati, and along that of the south-western coast of the island of Singapore.\n\nIt has been suggested that as Mount Imbeal, the next hill to the eastward of Mount Siloso, has a command of some 30 feet over Mount Siloso, that this point should be occupied in preference. Mount Siloso, from its height, would, however, intercept the fire from a work on Mount Imbeal to a distance of about 3,000 yards from Mount Siloso. The occupation of Mount Imbeal, instead of Mount Siloso, would, therefore, entail the construction of a work on the island of Singapore, on the northern side of, and at a little distance from, the western entrance, in order to command the space which would otherwise be undefended. The construction of a work on Mount Imbeal would thus entail an increased expense for forts and armaments, the employment of additional troops, and further splitting up of the garrison. As to the question of command, the battery on Mount Siloso could be perfectly defiladed, if necessary, from Mount Imbeal, supposing an enemy were able to take possession of this point, an operation which, under the circumstances of the case, would be quite impracticable.\n\nI recommend that the work on Mount Siloso should be an open battery constructed for six 11-inch M.L.R. guns.\n\n### Work on Mount Palmer\n\nThe work on Mount Palmer should be placed on the summit of the hill, 110 feet above sea level. I recommend that it should be constructed for four 11-inch M.L.R. guns. Its gorge should be prepared to receive two or three pieces of small calibre to flank the northern slopes of the Mount Faber and to enfilade the valley stretching in front of that range.\n\nThis fort will co-operate with that on Mount Serapong in defending the eastern entrance into the New Harbour. It will also command that part of the harbour between its eastern entrance and the Borneo Company's wharves. Its fire will also sweep the roadstead and the adjacent shore of Singapore to Tanjong Katong.\n\n### Defence of Roadstead, &c.\n\nBy the construction of the three works on Mounts Serapong, Siloso, and Palmer, the coaling depots, wharves, and establishments in the New Harbour would be protected from attack from seaward. Protection should, however, also be afforded from attack by a body of men which might land at some point on the Island of Singapore, and march upon the harbour, with the object of burning the coals and stores and destroying the wharves, &c.\n\nWith this view, I would place two redoubts on Mount Faber range, designed so that their fire would command the country in their front, as well as the roads of approach to New Harbour. One of these redoubts should be placed on the north-western extremity of the range, at a height of 357 feet above the level of the sea; the other on the south-eastern spur above the site of the present Mount Faber Battery, at a height of about 270 feet. These two works, in conjunction with the guns on the south-western front of Fort Canning (which is about 4,000 yards distant), and with those in the gorge of the battery to be constructed on Mount Palmer (which is about 2,000 yards distant), would command the approaches by which access to New Harbour could be obtained by an enemy, who had landed for the purpose of attacking the ships and establishments therein.\n\nThe works which I have proposed would complete the project of the defence of the New Harbour, with its coal depôts, &c.\n\nThis project, however, would not provide for the protection of a large portion of the shipping which lies in the roadstead. The guns on Mount Serapong and the battery on Mount Palmer would command a considerable portion of the roadstead, but there would be nothing to prevent a hostile vessel from taking up a position in the north-eastern part of the anchorage, and, with her guns, setting fire to or sinking all the shipping in the roads. I, therefore, propose that a battery, armed with five 11-inch M.L.R. guns, should be constructed near Tanjong Katong to prevent the approach of such hostile vessel in this direction.\n\n### Clear Atmosphere\n\nIn considering the degree of defence that would be afforded by the artillery fire from the works, it should be observed that, in the clear atmosphere of this climate, the distances appear to be much shorter, and the chances of hitting a vessel at long range are much greater than in the hazy atmosphere of England.\n\nAs regards the defence of the roadstead, it should further be observed that the zone to be commanded by artillery fire only would be diminished by the presence of a shoal, about 2,500 yards in length, situated at a distance of some 2,000 yards in advance of the centre of the line...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882.txt",
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        "id": 320601,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "page_number": 565,
        "title": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "content_text": "worth while building an asylum at all; moreover the vacant chambers can always be utilized for the storage of linen and bedding.\n\nThe site chosen is a plot of vacant Crown land above the western European suburb of Victoria, and removed from the immediate neighborhood of houses, the nearest building being a stable which is 350 feet distant from the hollow of the proposed asylum-garden.\n\nThe selection of the site was referred to a Board composed of the Principal Medical Officers of Naval and Military authorities, and the spot so intreatingly was recommended by them on account of its privacy and healthy situation. The surrounding ground is at present devoid of picturesque vegetation, but it is intended to plant the whole of the neighbouring hill slope with fir trees and saplings taken from the Government nurseries, and to lay out a flower garden 75 feet by 120 feet in front of the proposed building, which will face the North and command a beautiful view of the harbour and the mountains on the mainland opposite.\n\n## Buildings\nThe proposed Establishment is designed on so small a scale, owing to the very limited number of patients, that its appearance will be simply that of a small private house. It will be a brick building with two stories, and will be provided with outbuildings at the back, looking out on a small yard, the surface of which will be asphalted. The upper and lower floors will be similar in all respects.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882.txt",
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    {
        "id": 323357,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-212 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [10-11]",
        "page_number": 165,
        "title": "CO129-212 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [10-11]",
        "content_text": "(3.)\n\nIt may be here mentioned that when General Grant, the ex-President of the United States, visited China in 1879 he said that, in his tour round the world, he had seen only four really great men, viz., Disraeli, Gambetta, Bismarck and Li-Hung Chang and that he was inclined to consider the latter, the Chinese Statesman and General, the greatest of the four, especially taking into account his inferior opportunities of education in his early days.\n\nThe stay at Tientsin lasted three or four days, and then His Excellency, in company with Sir Harry Parkes, the two Misses Parkes, and Mr Grosvenor, the Secretary of Legation, left for Tung-chow in house-boats towed by the Viceroy's steamers. The country was compared by His Excellency with the delta of Egypt, the mud-built dwellings, and the general aspect of the country, subject to periodical inundations, giving an Egyptian appearance to the scenery. From Tung-chow the party rode to Peking, a distance of fifteen miles.\n\nAt Peking Sir G. Bowen was received in state at the Tsung-li Yamen, or Foreign Office, by the Ministers, and high officials who govern China in the name of the Emperor, a boy of 14 who has never yet been seen by Europeans. Prince King, the President and uncle of the Emperor sent a message to Sir George stating that in consequence of the death of one of his wives, the night before, he regretted he was unable to return His Excellency's visit immediately. The Prince sent Sir George, however, a magnificent dinner, which is the highest mark of Chinese respect. Twelve huge coolies staggered into the hall of the Legation, each bearing a covered tray. When the lid was taken off each of the trays there was a separate course inside of soups, fish, game, pastry, fruits &c. With this dinner were also sent two large jars of wine from the Prince's cellars.\n\nHis Excellency visited the many places of interest in Peking, and got admission to the Temple of Heaven, the \"Holy of Holies\" of China. His Excellency was particularly impressed by his visit to this celebrated temple. It is situated in an enclosure which occupies one corner of the Chinese city, and is about the size of Hyde Park. This park is planted with fine trees. In this temple, His Excellency remarked that there are no idols; only the Supreme Being is worshipped there; for once a year the Emperor offers up burnt offerings in it to the same God of Heaven who was similarly worshipped by Abraham in the wilderness. The following description of this noteworthy temple and the ceremonies performed in it, is taken from the Guide for tourists to Peking and its environs, Issued from the China Mail office in 1876. This grand establishment originated in ancient times; although the present buildings owe their construction to the emperors of the Ming dynasty, yet it cannot be doubted that an altar of heaven existed on this place in much earlier times. A high brick wall surrounds a well-kept park, with old trees; within this enclosure, covering more than one square mile, is a second one, which again is divided by walls into several compartments. Close to the entrance of the inner enclosure is the Chai-kung, or palace of abstinence--where the Emperor has to pass the night preceding the sacrifices in watching and meditation, a fine modern building. South-east to it is the altar, a beautiful white marble structure, ascended by twenty-seven steps and ornamented by circular balustrades on each of its three terraces; it has a diameter of about 100 feet. On the south-east of it stands, at a short distance, the large furnace for the whole burnt-offering; it is faced with green glazed tiles and is nine feet high. It contains an iron grating on which a bullock is placed at the time of the sacrifice; the remaining charred bones are generally to be seen within it. Outside there is a pit for the blood and hair. On the south-west of the altar there are three high poles for hanging lanterns, which give illumination to the sacrifice, as it is performed before dawn. North\n\n(4.)\n\nof the altar is another of somewhat smaller dimensions, called the Ch'i-ku-t'an, or altar for prayers on behalf of the harvest, On it is raised a magnificent triple-roofed circular temple, ninety-feet in height, which constitutes the most conspicuous object in the whole enclosure. It is seen from many points of the city and its environs, and that which is generally called by foreigners the Temple of Heaven. Before the last century the three roofs were covered with blue, yellow and green tiles, but by Kienlung these colours were all changed to blue. In the interior large shrines of carved wood. The windows are shaded by Venetians made of thin blue glass beads strung together; they are produced at the glass factories in Shan-tung, also, as at the great south altar, are seen on the south-east the green furnace for the bullock, and besides eight iron urns, in which the other offerings, consisting of silk, cloth, grain, &c., are burnt. On the east is a winding passage or cloister of 72 compartments of 10 feet each = 720 feet in length, leading to the slaughter-house. At the latter there is a very deep well, famous for its good water, an object worth mentioning in Peking. Besides those buildings there are two halls at the back of each altar, also covered with blue glazed tiles.\n\nThe worship of the Tien, Heaven, or Shang-ti, Supreme Ruler, is the most important of all the state observances in China, and constitutes a most interesting remnant of the ancient monotheistic cultus which prevailed in China before the rationalism of the Confucianists and the polytheistic superstition of Buddhism predominated. There are no images of any kind in the temple, and the offering of whole burnt bullocks strikingly reminds us of the ancient custom of Western religious, as that of the Hebrews and the Greeks. The ceremonies of the sacrifices are kept with the utmost severity and are of a very complicated nature. The chief sacrifice is at the winter solstice. On the 20th day of December the offerings and an elephant carriage are sent with great array to the temple, and on the 21st the Emperor follows in a sedan chair, covered with yellow silk and carried by thirty-two men; he is preceded by a band of musicians and followed by an immense number of followers, including the princes, high officials, &c., all on horseback. Having arrived at the Temple, the Emperor offers incense to Heaven and to his ancestors and inspects the offerings; then he is conveyed on the elephant carriage to the Palace of Abstinence, where he is not allowed to take any animal food or wine, nor to sleep. Next morning, seven quarters before sunrise, he puts on his sacrificial robes and goes to the southern gate of the outer enclosure, dismounts from the carriage and walks to the great altar, where an Imperial yellow tent has been erected on the second terrace.\n\nAt the moment he arrives at the spot where he kneels, the fire of the sacrifice is kindled and music is heard. The Emperor then proceeds to the upper terrace of the altar, kneels and burns incense before Heaven and also presents incense to his ancestors. Then he makes three genuflections and one prostration and offers bundles of silk, jade cups and other gifts, music being heard all the time. Afterwards he kneels at another point of the altar, where an officer reads a prayer aloud. At last he receives, kneeling, the \"cup of happiness\" and the \"flesh of happiness.\" With the first dawn the whole party returns to the palace. Foreigners, who watched the party when passing the Chien-men from the city wall, speak highly of the splendid appearance of the whole procession; hundreds of officials in brilliant robes of state and numberless followers on horseback, among them a company of the Imperial Life Guards.\n\nA similar sacrifice takes place at spring solstice, with the same ceremonies, at the northern altar, but the motive is the special prayer for a prosperous harvest, Whilst the winter sacrifice is offered for a blessing upon the whole empire.\n\nOn his first arrival in Peking, Sir G. Bowen was entertained most hospitably by Sir\n\n(5.)\n\nRobert Hart, for four days, after which Sir George made his journey to the Great Wall. On returning from this trip His Excellency stayed with Sir Harry Parkes at the British Legation. His Excellency did the trip to the Great Wall in four days, but he would strongly recommend those not pressed for time to spend six over it. One can either ride on horse-back, or go in a mule litter, on this journey. His Excellency rode most of the way,\n\nOr\n\nLeaving Peking, His Excellency proceeded to Nan-kou, a distance of 30 miles where he slept. During the night a thief stole his shooting jacket, with one or two articles in the pockets. Fortunately the Governor was provided with a change of raiment, so that the theft caused little inconvenience. His note-book was, however, unfortunately in one of the pockets, and its loss was deplored because it contained the notes of his journey. Sir George may console himself with the reflection that this theft was one that might occur in many inns in England. Nan-kou is a fortified, busy little town situated at the entrance of a long, picturesque valley, stretching to the N.N.W., and is the farthest outpost of a series of fortifications which defend the very important Nan-kou pass leading to the Great Wall. From Nan-kou, Sir George proceeded on the following day to the Pa-ta-ling gate in the Great Wall, a distance from Nan-kou of about fifteen miles,\n\nThe Governor returned to Nan-kou the same day. Nothing could be worse than the present state of the roads, but they and their surroundings afforded ample proof that in ages past this part of China could boast of magnificent highways, bridges and other structures. Nothing can be more impressive than the sight of the Great Wall stretching along the crest of a high mountain-ridge for 2000 miles. The same general decay is visible in modern China as in modern Turkey.\n\nThe next day His Excellency visited the Tombs of the Emperors of the Ming dynasty, proceeding to the village of Sha-ho to sleep. This was a heavy day's riding for a man of the Governor's age, but he said he stood it almost as well as when he rode across European Turkey from Constantinople to Corfu, in 1849, when he was only 28 years old. Sir George was deeply interested in the spectacle of the Ming Tombs, with their solid white marble gateways, the famous gigantic stone tortoises, the long avenue of colossal elephants, camels, horses, sages, and warriors, cut in sandstone, the marble terraces and staircases, the noble hall, and the grand amphitheatre of mountains around.\n\nAfter sleeping at Sha-ho, His Excellency, on the following day, visited the ruins of the Summer Palace and other places of interest in the neighbourhood, especially the Bell Temple, containing the third largest bell in the world. He returned to Peking the same evening,\n\nOn his return to Peking His Excellency stayed at the British Legation, where he fully discussed with Sir Harry Parkes the questions affecting the Government of Hongkong in its relations with China. The so-called blockade of Hongkong was found to be rather a difficult subject to deal with, and any definite action in regard to it was postponed until Sir Harry Parkes' visit to Hongkong, which will take place in March next. Then it will be further discussed, and the matter in due course of time will be laid before the Legislative Council His Excellency remained with Sir Harry Parkes at the British Legation about a week,\n\nThe voyage down the Peiho was much more rapid than that up, thanks to the strong current. Only a brief stay was made at Tientsin and Shanghai on the return journey, and Hongkong was reached, after an absence from the Colony of about seven weeks, on the 24th inst. During the whole time, the weather was very fine, and the temperature delicious, like that of the autumn in Italy.\n\nEnclosure\n\n163\n\nTen Chinese Met hus 1o-day a well-written Wa Tsz-yue\n\narticle extolling Li Hung-chang for the reception he gave to Sir George Bowen with the French and British Ministers. It begins by quoting the words of Mencius: \"It requires a benevolent prince to be able with a great country to serve a small one. And it requires a wise prince to be able with a small country to serve a large one.\" Of Sir George it says: \"We have in His Excellency a Colonial Governor, lenient and loyal. Already within the first year of his administration in Hongkong, in the social circle, easy and self-possessed, he has spoken monumental words of wisdom; in the line of enterprise, undaunted by hardship, he has explored the Great Wall, and in his official capacity, zealous and painstaking, he has worthily borne his part in international counsels. Truly our Governor possesses qualities which command the imitation of all his people and the respect of all his neighbours.\"\n\n4",
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        "id": 323592,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "page_number": 23,
        "title": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "content_text": "22\n\na\n\nforward a translation of proclamation recently placarded, in Chinese fashion, at Canton, in the name of Pang Yuh Lien the Imperial Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Forces in the Kwangtung Provinces\n\nof China\n\nI, Pang, Imperial Commissioner, &c., do hereby publicly notify that, as the French are seeking to make war against China, it is necessary that our action should make due preparations: and it is also desirable to notify to every foreign country which has for years past been in treaty with the Chinese Empire that war is imminent.\n\nHis August Majesty the Emperor, by whom I have the honour to be commissioned, desires to treat all people, foreigners and Chinese, like one family, whereby every one may reap the benefits of His Majesty's benevolence.\n\nChina does not wish on account of a trifling matter to make war with foreign countries. Every nation is perfectly well aware that the French have been fostering ill-feeling towards us, by their interference with Annam, over which China has held sovereignty for myriads of years, Annam sending annual tribute to the Emperor in acknowledgment of our suzerainty. The French (aware of all this and presuming on their strength) have acted arbitrarily and in violation of their treaty with us and have made war in Annam. Now China has for a long period wished to send assistance to her vassal Annam, but fearing that the peace hitherto observed between the two countries might thereby be broken, has hitherto refrained from affording such assistance.\n\nThe French Minister, Monsieur Tricon, arrived at Tientsin last month in a French man-of-war, and it was reported that it was his intention to despatch other French war ships to attack Canton. This, however, was probably a mere ruse on the part of the French to frighten the Chinese; but it is difficult to fathom the truth or falsity of the rumour. The Emperor, being wrath at these reports, has despatched me to Canton to assume the military command here; and I have got together all the available forces both on land and at sea, with the object of defending Canton and of fighting the French if compelled to do so.\n\nThe responsibility of the disagreement rests upon the French, who took the first step, and it is therefore necessary that we should make efforts to resist them. Other nations know which is in the right and which in the wrong. In the event of war, however, the vessels of neutral nations may be mistaken, by the soldiers and people, for those of the French, and further complications may be occasioned thereby. The foreign merchants of the various Western nations have with great difficulty crossed the great ocean to come to China. The manner of conducting the various branches of trade by Chinese and foreign merchants is different, but the object of making profit is the same; hence it is my duty to notify every one, so that they may guard against future contingencies in the event of war.\n\nHis Majesty the Emperor has already issued a notice to the various foreign legations, but I must, notwithstanding, let it be known, so that foreign merchants may remove their goods and effects in time before the fighting actually commences. Neutral vessels must also observe the treaty stipulations, and the rules of international law. After this notification, any neutral vessels which may be captured by the French cannot blame China for not having given timely warning, and this caution also refers to any merchandise which may be destroyed during any fighting on land. Any claims for compensation must be made on the French, and not the Chinese. By reason of one nation breaking the treaty, it will be seen that all those in treaty with China must suffer. Other nations should calmly discuss the matter and see which party is the aggressor.\n\nIt is for the foregoing reasons I publish this special proclamation.\n\n4th day, eleventh moon, ninth year Kwang Su.\n\nGrave doubts are expressed as to the genuineness of this document, and the best judges seem to be of opinion that it was not actually issued by the Imperial Commissioner, but that it, not unfaithfully, represents the general feeling, at the present time, of the Chinese Official class.\n\nAt all events, it tends to confirm the opinion which has been frequently expressed.",
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    {
        "id": 326416,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-217 - Governor Sir Bowen Administrator Marsh - 1884 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 451,
        "title": "CO129-217 - Governor Sir Bowen Administrator Marsh - 1884 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "## 95rd the shop of Wing Keo, a ship compradore,\n\nonce more their efforts were crowned with success, for they frightened all cargo boats from the Praya, and but very few were at work during the day, almost all business afloat being still suspended. The strike does not appear to have ended here, for soon afterwards it was reported that the rice pounders were joining in the strike, and on Saturday the price of rice went up 12 per cent in consequence. The next lot who received a notification to knock off work were the coal coolies at Wanchai, who were to be seen idling about during the rest of the afternoon, with the coal boats all together, unused. How far this striking is going to extend it is impossible to say, but it seems all to emanate from one body which sends its commands forth, and those who receive the orders are afraid to disobey them for fear of being attacked by the rowdies and blackguards whom these guilds or bodies have at their command.\n\nIt is certain the cargo boat people were not striking from any desire of their own. A large proportion returned to their work on Friday morning, and while the police sent out specially to look after their protection were near by, they were unmolested, but when the extra police, deceived by the general quietness of things on the Praya, went away and reported all quiet, out came the sam sengs, or fighting men, and attacked them as reported. The cargo boat people, fearing they would have no protection, then cleared out. It is certain that a great proportion at least of them would have been at work on Friday, and doubtless the whole of them the next day, but for this interference.\n\nStreet coolies were difficult to obtain, probably from fear, and the intimidation extended to the employés at the Slaughter House, who were afraid to go on killing. Inspector Orlay heard of it, and went down immediately, and having assured the butchers of protection, they went on at once with their work under a guard of Indian police from No. 7 Station, who remained on the spot.\n\nThe chair and jinricksha coolies are not at all disposed to submit to the dictates of the roughs, and in all but the most disturbed parts in the Western district, they have been plying their useful calling pretty much as usual. The rowdies could not permit them to do this undisturbed, however, and during Saturday morning many jinrickshas, public and private, were interfered with, but the strength of the street guards was too great to allow of a great deal of this sort of thing. About the worst case we have heard of is that of a European who was being conveyed along Queen's-road Central in a jinricksha. About half a dozen roughs suddenly rushed out of one of the narrow streets just beyond the Central Market, and upset the vehicle. They kicked and beat the occupant and the coolie, both of whom ran off in terror of their lives. A Sikh constable saw the occurrence, but it was all done so quickly that before he could get up, the rascals had darted back into the slum they emerged from. He followed them in, however, and marked the house they ran into, and then, having taken the number of the vehicle, he went up to the Central Station and reported the matter, intimating that he could identify some of the roughs. P.S. Butlin and some lokangs at once accompanied him back to the house, where the Sikh pointed out two coolies, who were arrested. As the number of the jinricksha was taken, the coolie will probably be secured for a witness, but the occupant of the jinricksha is not known by the police, who hope he will turn up voluntarily to give evidence, and see if he can identify either of the men in custody. Other vehicles were interfered with, but this seems to have been the most serious case.\n\nDuring the morning also a lot of rabble gathered on the Praya, and seemed inclined to do some mischief to the place, doubtless in revenge for the hong having attempted to set the boats to work. Stones and other available missiles were thrown into and at the house, but before the disturbance had time to reach any serious proportions, a body of police appeared upon the scene and scattered the mob, who were scarcely so spirited as on the previous day; probably the punishment they received in the rioting was more than we are aware of.\n\nThe streets were well guarded during the day. Military and police patrolled a considerable area, and bodies of police were posted at the junction of Gap-street and Queen's-road, and other spots. In the morning the Buffs were relieved by a body of the Royal Artillery and Gun Lascars under Capt. Brackenbury; thus the whole garrison is arranged so that detachments go on street duty, and are relieved in turn by others. The same guard was maintained in the streets yesterday, the Tang Wah Hospital being still utilised for quartering the men in. The police are being very hardworked over this trouble; their numbers being limited, and the proportion on duty being so much larger than usual, they do not get much rest, and will doubtless be glad when the town quiets down again. Their conduct during the riot was in every way satisfactory, and amply demonstrated the efficiency of our civil defenders.\n\nAll Saturday morning the Recreation Ground and Gap-street were full of a low-looking mob, and Queen's-road West in that neighbourhood was plentifully supplied with gangs of idle rascals, but they remained quiet, being probably overawed by the display of force put out by the authorities. In the afternoon the crowd had noticeably thinned down, and the Recreation Ground was nearly empty. The bearing of the rabble was still hostile, but all these unusual appearances were still confined to Sai Ying Pun—chiefly within a stone's throw all round the Recreation Ground. Eastward there were no signs of any trouble whatever, nor in Central District.\n\nThe occupants of the French Convent are feeling the pinch of the times keenly, for they have the greatest difficulty in getting food, the Chinese being unwilling, or what is more probable, afraid to supply them.\n\nConcerning Friday's proceedings, we have gathered some further details with reference to the attack on Dr. Horder. This gentleman came out to join the Church of England Mission and take charge of the medical branch of the Mission at Pakhoi, and has been in the colony about twelve months. On Friday he gained an experience such as happily falls to but few in a lifetime. We are informed that at one time he was actually in the hands of the mob, by some of whom he was seized by the throat, and was so near being strangled that he gave himself up for lost. In the midst of the scuffle, however, some money fell out of his pockets; when the wretches suffered their greed to overcome their thirst for blood, and let go their hold of the unfortunate gentleman to grab the money, which all those around were scrambling for. Liberated for the moment, Dr. Horder saw another chance for life, and he dashed off at the top of his speed, with the mob howling at his heels, and pelting him with bricks, &c. How he managed to keep ahead of this pack of bloodhounds until he reached the body of police under Inspector Perry at the foot of Gap-street we have already narrated. He was then quite exhausted, and after being escorted to the Civil Hospital, he proceeded to the house of the Rev. J. Ost at West Point. It appears almost certain that Dr. Horder owes his life to the little accident of his money being scattered; had it not been for that most fortunate circumstance...\n\nPage 16P  \n2239  \n447",
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        "id": 327191,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-218 - Administrator Marsh Governor Sir Bowen & Others - 1884 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 656,
        "title": "CO129-218 - Administrator Marsh Governor Sir Bowen & Others - 1884 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "# THE PROGRESS OF HONGKONG\n\nAfter five months' stay in Tonquin, one is inclined to estimate somewhat too enthusiastically the merits of Hongkong. Nevertheless, there is perhaps no one of our colonies which exhibits to the same extent British aptitude for colonization and the national organizing talent. When, 41 years ago, Admiral Dowell, now in command of the China Squadron, landed as a midshipman to hoist the British flag on Hongkong Island, he found it a simple barren waste, scantily covered with scrubby grass struggling for existence among the outcrops of rock. There were a few fishermen's huts on the southern shores, just as there are similar shanties on the host of similar islands which lie all along the Kwang-tung coast all the way westward to the point of land which runs down to Hainan, but otherwise the place looked hopeless as a spot for a colony as could well be imagined.\n\nHis Excellency gave instructions that in cases of complaint by Hongkong junks of seizures, either in the waters of the colony or outside, inquiry should in the first instance be made whether the junk had properly reported under Ordinance 6 of 1860 - an ordinance which was passed for putting down piracy, rampant at that time, the harbour itself being quite a rendezvous for piratical craft, so much so that three foreign vessels were actually followed out of the harbour by these boats and attacked outside. If the junk had been guilty of any infringement for not reporting or a clear breach of the Ordinance, the master was to be charged and forfeiture of junk and cargo took place. This was all very well, and no doubt efficacious so long as piracy was in question, but it was a very violent measure to adopt for the sake of checking smuggling. Naturally, the Governor was soon able to report to the Colonial Office that complaints had ceased. The Chinese Revenue Customs would have been very hard to please if this had not satisfied them. The Secretary of State sanctioned the employment of this Ordinance for the suppression of smuggling, although the pains and penalties of forfeiture were intended only to attach to breaches of our regulations where piracy was in contemplation.\n\nThe Colonial Office could hardly have been sufficiently acquainted with the object of the legislation of 1860, or the employment of such law for such a purpose could hardly have been sanctioned. The consequence of this was that it actually paid the Hongkong trader to send his goods first by steamer to Macao and thence in junks, instead of shipping them direct from Hongkong. Further, the Chinese sent to Hongkong were made to pay duties together arbitrary and uncertain in amount. There is no means of saying whether they were actually in excess of justice or not, for no tariff was published, and the rules were carried out at the sweet will of each individual revenue officer. Traders who had left one province and paid all dues were again made to pay for entrance into Hongkong, precisely as if it were a part of China.\n\nSir George Bowen, however, immediately set himself to the arrangement of the question. He had the matter fully aired before the present British Minister in Pekin, and there are good hopes that an equitable settlement will be arrived at in due time.\n\nOne even more important matter is the subject of public health. Hongkong, with its narrow streets, and the terrible overcrowding of these narrow streets, has long stood in danger of the outbreak of some violent epidemic. Every year sees a great increase in the population, but there is not a corresponding increase in the house accommodation. Overcrowding in its worst form has been the result, and overcrowding of Chinese is infinitely more disagreeable and dangerous than the overcrowding of other people.\n\nThe difficulty, however, is not merely in the want of houses, but in the want of suitable reclamations from the steep hills. Some alteration is also to be made in the system under which Crown leaseholds are now held. Under the old leases, there is no clause forcing the public to build neat houses for the officials and offices. Consequently, there are not a few areas both in the neighbourhood of the city and within its limits which still remain vacant.\n\nFor the future, purchasers of Crown allotments will not be allowed to hold their lease until they have complied with the conditions of sale, and these conditions are to be specified in the construction of houses. Squatters, tenants at will, in the different villages on the island, are to be allowed to take small and inexpensive leaseholds for a period of 75 years. This is in supersession of the old rule, by terms of which they might be turned out at a month's notice.\n\nThere is good ground for hope that this will tend to relieve the present overcrowded quarters of the city. The furtherance of the same works in furtherance of the same idea, the old licensed quarter is to be done away with, while systematic dredging of the harbour and reclamation of unsavoury tidal lands is to be begun. The Taitam waterworks, though terribly expensive and likely to necessitate a loan, must in any event have been constructed sooner or later. Equally expensive will be the connexion of the eastern and western portions of the city by means of a marine embankment. The break in the sea-frontage is very inconvenient and must be done away with. Sir George Bowen also meditates the construction of a permanent lazarette on Stonecutter's Island, the quarantine station.\n\nIt will thus be seen that Sir George Bowen is active in measures for the good of the colony. But that which Hongkong most wants he is unable to undertake without the action of the Imperial Government. It is no exaggeration to say that the town is without fortifications of any kind. Those which exist are so useless that it would be better if they were not there at all, for they only serve as excuses for parsimonious Colonial Secretaries to refuse a grant for the defences of the place.\n\nThe most important of these from the mercantile point of view is the so-called Blockade of Hongkong. The question is naturally a most difficult one, but it has been altogether unduly aggravated by the late Governor's pro-Chinese measures. As it is, smuggling is an ordinary branch of trade, and it is an unlucky speculation that is all, but ill-luck on one or several occasions is no reason why the traffic should be given up.\n\nIn view of the peculiar position of Hongkong, it may be found advisable to pass an enactment forbidding attempts at carrying off contraband goods to China, but till then, no attempts should be made to protect the revenue of a neighbouring state by straining ordinances which were made for an altogether different purpose. This is what Sir John Pope Hennessy did when he first came to the colony and had to decide on a smuggling case which had occurred in the time of Sir Arthur Kennedy, his predecessor.\n\nWhile Hongkong is thus flourishing, Canton is in a very perturbed state. Canton is the place which has lost most by French doings in Tonquin. The great majority of the Chinamen and host of the merchants in Tonquin were from the South China capital. The trade on the West River has been seriously affected.\n\n## Page 363\n\nMeanwhile, we spend £70,000 a year on salutes in Hongkong harbour, and that is all the present fortifications are good for. If an arrangement was made to reduce the absurd number of salute guns, Hongkong would be a much pleasanter place to live in, and if the money saved were spent on fortifications, it would be much safer. At present, not only is Victoria open to attacks from the sea, but if the Chinese were to pull up a few ordinary old guns to the top of the heights on the mainland, they could pound the town to atoms at their leisure.\n\nWe are very proud of our commercial and organizing genius. It would be well if we took measures to protect what we have organized. Hongkong offers particularly good opportunities for smuggling operations. It is hardly necessary to say that smuggling from the port is not illegal, but it is well that we should protect ourselves against it. In a precisely similar way, any fisherman or coasting junk captain will turn amateur pirate if he sees an opening. He may have been most peaceful and mildest mannered for years, but he is not going to let a chance slip, and he cuts throats with ability and scuttles and destroys with the minimum of danger to himself.\n\nThe fortification of Hongkong is a matter of great urgency, especially now that France has established herself so extensively in the Indo-Chinese territories. It is more imperative than ever that we should render Hongkong safe, at any rate, from the attacks of an ironclad of France. The fortification of Singapore has long been a crying need, and under present circumstances, that of Hongkong is at the very least as urgent.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-218 - Administrator Marsh Governor Sir Bowen & Others - 1884 [11-12].txt",
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        "id": 328048,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-220 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 426,
        "title": "CO129-220 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# The French March to Langson\n## FULL DETAILS\n(From a Correspondent.)\n\nLANGSON, Feb. 13, 1885. The French column entered Langson to-day. The troops engaged in the campaign have been fewer than was previously supposed, and the resistance encountered, though strenuous, was less formidable than many had expected. A few days before joining the column I had been told by an officer in charge of an important garrison that there was a French army at Chu of 20,000 men, but the more prevalent opinion among military circles was that 10,000 was nearer the mark, and so it turned out. In October last there were said to be from 12,000 to 15,000 French troops in Tonquin. Since then a certain proportion of sick and time-expired men have been sent home, but reinforcements to the extent of 3,000 men have arrived to fill up the vacancies. Immediately before the campaign was opened it was well known that the garrisons in every quarter of Tonquin had been almost depleted to furnish troops for the expedition, and the following figures will show to what extent these were reduced. At Nauliub, where there is a native population of 60,000 or 70,000, only 15 French soldiers were left to guard the place; in Nimbinth and Haidnong, none; in Hunghoa, 150; in Thai Nguyuen, 15; at the Seven Pagodas, 50 artillerymen and 2 soldiers of the line, with a lieutenant in command; at Phulang Thuong, sure an or 60; and at Kep perhaps 150. Of course in all those garrisons there was a company or section of native troops on whose reliability too much trust cannot be placed; but I give the figures to show that when all but 200 or 300 of the French forces in Tonquin were requisitioned for the Langson expedition, it was natural to suppose that at least 10,000 men were to march to the front. As a matter of fact, however, the column, composed of two brigades, has not exceeded 6,000 in number.\n\nIt is certain that the number of men placed hors de combat in engagements is but a very small proportion of the number to be accounted for, and confirms most conclusively what has been said about the disastrous effects of the climate upon the army occupying Tonquin. That the expedition should be accomplished (in so far as it has been accomplished) by such a small body of men says much for the skill and energy of the commanders, and the devotion and endurance of the army. That to compose this small army important garrisons in the North and West should be temporarily denuded, while the Black Flags of the River Claire and a large Chinese army on the Red River were threatening, says much for the coolness of the Generals, and shows a daring which some persons may condemn as a dangerous rashness. But it says little for France, or for the Government of France, which has professed to attach so much importance to Tonquin as a colonial possession, that she has left so small an army to attempt so much, or made it necessary to encounter such serious risks.\n\nThere is little doubt that if there had been sufficient troops for the purpose the French army would have been divided into two columns, one to march from Chu, and the other advancing by the Mandarin road, ... the road by way of Phulang Thuong, Bac-le, along which the Annamite ambassadors were wont periodically to make their processions from Hanoi to Peking. There is little doubt also that the Chinese expected the attack on that route, and probably were prepared to oppose strong, perhaps their strongest, defence.\n\nOn the 30th January, with 800 men, General Negrier made a reconnaissance from Kep towards Bac-lo, floated his balloon, and ascertained the position and strength of the enemy. Leaving his balloon to float a day longer he descended to Phulang Thuong, early on the morning of the 31st, and was followed in a few hours by the troops who had accompanied him; and, at 10 a.m. he and his men had embarked and were being carried down the Thuong, and up to Chu on the river Locknam.\n\nTo prevent the possibility of any notice being given to the Chinese of the intentions of the General, the prefect of Phulang Thuong, his secretary, and the interpreter to the commandant were imprisoned.\n\nOn the 2nd February both Generals with their brigades began the march from Chu; and before reaching Langson it became manifest that the main body of the Chinese on the Bac-lo route had been outflanked, and General Negrier's ruse had succeeded. That did not imply, of course, that a stout resistance was not to be encountered on the route from Chu, but it did imply that a much more formidable resistance was not met with, a resistance which may have been almost impossible to overcome, or which could not have been overcome except at a cost which would have been nearly as disastrous as a defeat.\n\nThe forts at Dong-son, which in all numbered thirty-six, were all taken on the 6th, and a halt of four days was found to be necessary to enable a convoy of provisions, including slow-travelling cattle, to arrive. The time was variously occupied in taking a plan of the country from the peak on one side of a limited plain which commands a wide view on the Western side of the range of hills. The Chasseurs d'Afrique also rode across to Kep and returned by way of Chu on the following day. Part of the time was also occupied in exploding the ammunition taken from the enemy, of which there was a great store of all sorts, Remington, Snider, Martini Henry, Winchester, and other cartridges. Here, too, one realised more than previously that the cry of a scanty supply of water on the route, and that supply poisoned by minerals, was a scare originated by the Chinese. A little above Chu the Locknam river turns towards its source S. by E. In the direction of Anchau is a stream along which the road lies for 12 miles above Dongson almost to Langson, it is said to be a branch of the river. I drank of the Locknam (as at the other rivers touched on the voyage, only when bailed, simply because the waters were turbid), and the waters of the streams by which our course has lain I found refreshing to bathe in, and sweet to drink. Other discoveries were made at Dongson. In one of the large forts was found a skeleton, evidently that of one who had been...\n\nPage 424",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-222 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 327,
        "title": "CO129-222 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "# Quarantine Regulations\n\n323\n\nEvery vessel shall immediately on entering the waters of the Colony hoist the Quarantine Flag, and shall keep the same flying, and shall be deemed to be in quarantine until released therefrom by express written order of the Health Officer; who shall, in every case, board and examine all the passengers and crew of such vessel. The Quarantine Flag shall be a flag of yellow colour (letter Q in International Code of Signals) hoisted at the highest mast-head forward.\n\nNo such vessel shall enter the waters of the Colony before 6 am, or after 7 P.M.\n\n## Quarantine Ground and Procedures\n\n4. Every vessel in quarantine shall proceed to the Quarantine Ground, and shall not remove therefrom, except from stress of weather, until released from quarantine by order of the Health Officer. No vessel having to leave the Quarantine Ground from stress of weather shall communicate with the shore, or with any ship, and such vessel shall return to the Quarantine Ground immediately such stress of weather has subsided. Provided that in case of stress of weather involving probable actual danger to the vessel, the vessel may remove for a time, but shall be deemed nevertheless for all purposes to be in quarantine, and subject to all other regulations applicable to such vessels.\n\n5. The Quarantine Ground shall be within the following boundaries, and the Master of every vessel shall remove his vessel to any part of the Quarantine Ground as and when required by the Harbour Master:\n| Boundary | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Western Boundary | A line drawn from the West side of Stone Cutters' Island to West side of Green Island (on Admiralty Chart marked as Harbour boundary). |\n| Southern Boundary | That part of a line having the Naval Coal Sheds at Kaulung bearing E. by S., commencing where it meets the Eastern Boundary, and terminating where it meets the Western boundary. |\n| Eastern Boundary | A South line drawn from a white mark on South side of Stone Cutters Island until it reaches the Southern boundary. |\n| Northern Boundary | Five fathom line of soundings. |\n\nThe place hereafter described is hereby set apart to be a Quarantine Station, namely: That part of the West end of Stone Cutters' Island which lies West of a line to be determined by the Health Officer, and to be indicated by a line of Yellow Flags to be fixed by the Health Officer from shore to shore.\n\n## Duties of Vessel Masters and Health Officer\n\n6. The master or other person having the control of any vessel in quarantine shall give the Health Officer or Boarding Officer such information about the vessel and the voyage and the health of the crew and passengers and otherwise as the Health Officer or Boarding Officer may require, and shall answer truly and fully all questions put to him by the Health Officer or Boarding Officer.\n\n7. The Health Officer may order the removal of such persons as he thinks fit from any vessel in quarantine to the Quarantine Station, and the master of any vessel from which such persons are ordered to be removed shall conduct their removal according to the orders of the Health Officer.\n\n8. No vessel in quarantine shall be released from quarantine except by the express written order of the Health Officer, nor until such precautions, by way of burning clothing or fumigating or otherwise, as may be ordered by the Health Officer, have been carried out. If the vessel arrives from a port or place where any infectious or contagious disease prevailed at the time of its departure, or if there has been any case of any such disease on board the vessel, or any death therefrom, the vessel shall not be released from quarantine until 5 clear days have elapsed since the date of the vessel's departure from such port or place, or since any person was suffering from or died from any such disease on board such vessel, as the case may be.\n\n9. Any vessel having had, during the course of her voyage, any case of any infectious or contagious disease on board, shall be placed in quarantine immediately on entering the waters of the Colony and she will not be released therefrom until fumigated and disinfected to the satisfaction of the Health Officer.\n\n10. If any vessel in the waters of this Colony is known to have any case of contagious disease on board, or is a vessel which in the opinion of the Health Officer ought according to these regulations to be in quarantine, the Health Officer may order such vessel into quarantine, and the master or person in charge of such vessel shall thereupon hoist the Quarantine Flag upon such vessel and remove the vessel to the Quarantine Ground, and all the regulations applicable in relation to vessels in quarantine shall apply to such vessel.\n\n## Handling Deaths and Restrictions\n\n11. In case of a death happening on board any vessel in quarantine, or ordered into quarantine, or in a Quarantine Station, the body shall be disposed of in such manner as may be ordered by the Health Officer; and the Master of the vessel shall carry out such orders as the Health Officer may give him in relation to the disposal of the body.\n\n12. When any quarantined vessel is in the waters of the Colony, no person shall leave the vessel or hold communication from the vessel with the shore, or with any other vessel or boat, or take or send any person or thing whatever out of the vessel, until the express written permission of the Health Office has been communicated to the master or other person having the control of the vessel, and such precautions as the Health Officer may require have been observed.\n\n13. When any vessel is in quarantine, no person other than the Health Officer or persons in his charge shall approach within 30 yards of such vessel, or hold any communication with any person on board of it, or receive or take any person or thing whatever directly or indirectly from the vessel or from any person on board of it, without having first received the express written permission of the Health Officer, and observing such precautions as the Health Officer may require.\n\n14. No person placed in the Quarantine Station shall leave the same, or hold communication with any vessel or boat, or take or send any person or thing whatever out of the Quarantine Station, without having first received the express written permission of the Health Officer, and observing such precautions as the Health Officer may require.\n\n15. No person other than the Health Officer, or persons expressly deputed by him, shall enter the Quarantine Station or approach within 30 yards of the boundaries thereof, or hold communication with the Quarantine Station, or with any person in it, or receive or take anything whatever directly or indirectly from the Station, or from any person in it without having first received the express written permission of the Health Officer, and observing such precautions as the Health Officer may require.\n\n## Enforcement\n\n16. The Captain Superintendent of Police, and any officers that he may appoint for the purpose of enforcing quarantine, may order any person leaving or coming from any vessel that is in quarantine or from a Quarantine Station, or taking or sending any person or thing whatever from any such vessel or Quarantine Station to remain in or return to, and to return such persons or things to such vessel or Quarantine Station, and may by such necessary force as the case requires compel any person neglecting or refusing to observe such order to obey the same.\n\n## Exceptions and Penalties\n\n17. The above regulations shall not in any way interfere with the internal management of any of Her Majesty's Ships, or of Foreign Ships of War, or with their freedom to proceed to sea whenever the Officer in command may deem such course requisite.\n\n18. Where any breach of any of the above regulations is committed, all the persons assisting in any way in the commission of such breach and the master or other person having the control of any vessel or boat on board of which such breach has been committed, or which has been in any way engaged in the commission of such breach shall be severally answerable for such breach, and shall be deemed guilty of the same.\n\nCouncil Chamber, Hongkong, 23rd June, 1885.\n\n**ARATHOON SETH**\nClerk of Councils",
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    {
        "id": 329611,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 420,
        "title": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "## \n~(2)- \n\nThere are the docks at Aberdeen, and the reservoir and its works at Pok-fo-lum, which are essential parts of the city, and must be considered in any plan of defence.\n\nHong Kong is accessible to an enemy from the eastward through the Lye-ee-mun Pass, from the westward by Sulphur Channel, and from the southward by the innumerable creeks and bays on that side of the island where an enemy's force could easily land at any time, and from which three lines of road lead to positions overlooking the city and harbour, the Wanchai Gap road from Aberdeen, the Victoria Gap from Aberdeen or Pok-fo-lum, and the Pok-fo-lum Road by Mount Davis. The writer leaves out of consideration, for the purposes of this little work, the possibilities of attack from the north.\n\nHong Kong, if attacked, will be approached by one or other of these three roads, most probably by two of them at once, possibly by all three.\n\nAny man in his senses looking at the map and then walking round the island, or, better still, going round it in a launch, would say without hesitation, \"Well, there is no difficulty about defending the Ly-ee-mun Pass. Even the Chinese could do that.\" It is a deep narrow passage about half a mile long and about 1,000 yards in width. The writer need not describe or attempt to describe it. Every one of his readers doubtless knows it well. A strong work there, armed with a few powerful guns and assisted by a small corps of torpedoeists, would render that channel impassable to any fleet until the work itself had been taken, and a casemated fort could surely be erected there at comparatively little expense, so manned, provisioned and armed, that no enemy could take it by a coup-de-main. With such a fort, no man of war could approach, on that side, within range of the city or shipping. The Hung Ham docks, the nearest exposed point, is distant some three miles from the Pass.\n\nAt the other end of the harbour the water approach is more open and less defensible, but is still capable of being made almost impregnable. The western extremity of the island is a lofty mountain rising almost precipitously from the water's edge. From there northward to the western point of Stonecutters' Island there is about 2 miles of water, but less than a mile from Mt. Davis and to the northward of it stands Green Island, and the deep water entrance to the harbour passes between Mount Davis and Green Island. North of Green Island and extending nearly all the way across to Stonecutters' Island is a shoal that bars the greater part of that water-way to big ships. There is another deep water channel close to Stonecutters'. Would any man, knowing this entrance, have any hesitation in saying where a fort should be placed to defend it? Even the artillery men, the uneducated gunners who are employed about the batteries now in course of erection on Stonecutters' Island and at Belcher's Point, ask amongst themselves why Green Island is not fortified! A strong casemated fort there would command the approaches to the island from the south, would rake every vessel approaching in that direction from the moment it came within range until it actually entered the channel and turned broadside on to the fort at less than 1,000 yards. No vessel of any size could enter the harbour from the southward without passing within easy range of the guns and remaining for some time under their fire. Flanking batteries on Stonecutters' Island and Belcher Point would, of course, add immensely to the value and defensive power of the fort on Green Island, but the real defensive position is there, and the flanking batteries are almost useless without the central work. A strong fort on Green Island, adequately armed, would alone render the task of forcing an entrance to the harbour at that side no easy one.\n\nIt must further be remembered that such a fort on Green Island would afford effective shelter for the torpedoeist and his gear at the very spot where he has to operate.\n\nOn the south side of the Island, what has the Colony to dread? Landing parties only, soldiers, sailors, and marines from an enemy's squadron, operating on shore with machine guns and the lightest description of field ordnance. What could they do? Blow up the docks at Aberdeen, blow in the dam of the reservoir and cut off our water supply--press across the range by the various paths and get into positions to command the batteries and the town with their fire. The entrance to Aberdeen harbour ought to be defended by a small fort with two powerful guns on Tree Island. This, too, would be an additional defence for the western entrance and would cross its fire with the Green Island fort. The entrance to Aberdeen being thus blocked against shipping, a landing party of any ordinary strength might safely be left to be encountered and dealt with by the infantry of the Garrison and the Volunteers with their field guns. The Royal Artillery would be in the forts at the Lye-ee-mun Pass and Green Island, and these forts being casemated and complete, each in itself, would need no infantry to cover them or aid in their defence. The artillery of the Garrison should muster about 160 men - the two batteries cannot be under that strength - which should be sufficient to man sixteen guns, two guns in the Aberdeen fort, seven guns for the Lye-ee-mun and seven for the Green Island fort. These guns so massed would be far more effective than double the number more widely distributed. To back these forts, so armed and manned, there would be afloat the Wivern and her torpedo boats, and the torpedo corps, with the Esk and her sister ship the Tweed; on shore the regiment in Garrison 800 strong, and probably 200 more able-bodied Europeans, Volunteers, to take the place of the artillerymen with the mountain guns, and in the magazines, &c.\n\nWho will say that this would not be an effective plan for the defence of the island? The narrow entrance at the Lye-ee-mun, two and a half miles from the nearest part of the town and harbour, guarded by a powerful casemated fort, armed with seven powerful guns, so constructed as to be safe from a coup de main, and manned and provisioned. A small torpedo establishment attached to it and protected by it. A similar fort on Green Island with its torpedo staff. The Wivern, \n\nPage 420\nPage 421",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 423,
        "title": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "# Lives 26 May 85\n\n## ENGLISH POLICY AND NATIONAL DEFENCE.\n\n**(FROM OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.)**\n\nHONGKONG, March 25. I recent letter I had occasion to sketch for you the conduct of our foreign affairs in the far East, and I then showed how deep is the apathy and indifference and ignorance of our statesmen regarding the Eastern world, how this found representation in the platform of detachment or dis-connexion, and how the doctrine was preached and the belief bred by this school of the millennium that we could thus surely avoid misunderstanding, collision, and war.\n\nThe belief has had several shocks of late, the rudest being the move made by Russia on Afghanistan. There may therefore be a chance of appealing once more to the people, with some hope of attracting the attention of the public to some purpose.\n\nA small proportion of our statesmen honestly believe, or delude themselves into believing, this most convenient and comfortable doctrine, but there are others, and these the large majority, who do not believe it at all. But they find it easy to smother their consciences and are silent when they should be straining every energy, using every talent which Nature has given them, to reveal the true facts of the case and instruct the nation. Both these classes of politicians, however, thoroughly agree in one common line of action - not to ask the voter for money for the purpose of defence. Demands for increased expenditure, no matter how needful, would damage the place-seeking party and Ministry.\n\nThe few isolated statesmen who, knowing the truth, dare to hold the safety of the country and its interests dearer than political place and power, and dare to do their duty - how few they are! - have, as has elsewhere been ably pointed out, three classes of the public arrayed against them - (1) the indifferent and fearless, who care and fear nothing because ignorant; (2) the peace-at-any-price class, who belong heart and soul to the \"detachment platform\", who will have no preparations, no defence, because it is settled by them that we are never to be at war; (3) the ultra-economists, the school of penny-wise pound-foolish men, who abhor anything in the shape of expenditure, especially for defence.\n\nThe nation is profoundly ignorant of the supreme importance to Great Britain of that portion outside the mother country forming Greater Britain, and especially that part of it forming our Eastern Empire. Yet it cannot be gainsaid that upon the political supremacy of England in the East, upon the possession and defence of India and our Eastern possessions, depends the continuance of her commercial prosperity and, as a sequitur, the ability to support the dense population of England. It is not necessary here again to recapitulate what has been so often advanced on the subject, as demonstrating beyond doubt the commercial value of India and the Eastern possessions in contributing to the enormous volume of home and intercolonial traffic now possessed by England and her colonies. To willingly lose these English possessions, or part of them, there is happily now no longer any desire, and there is less indifference than there was a short time ago. To lose them would not only involve the loss of an invaluable position for commerce and the loss of an enormous volume of trade, but would also hand them over to rivals, who are not at all averse to undertake the responsibilities, and thus reap the advantages to be gained therefrom. In one word, it would mean the loss of the commercial supremacy of England and the rapid disintegration of the Empire.\n\nIf national defence is, then, so important, why is it that our defences all round have become relatively so terribly weak? The fault lies with the nation, as well as with the Houses and Government which serve it.\n\nThe criminal apathy and indifference of our statesmen as to this question of defence, one of national insurance, is the reflex of the temper of the House, as the House is supposed to represent that of the country. But surely a House of Commons professing to safely guard the real interests of Britain, and the statesmen forming the Government, should make it their business to break down this terrible barrier of apathy and clear the way to an appreciation of the real condition of affairs. Surely, instead of pandering to the popular taste of drastic domestic legislation and busying themselves with party contests to the exclusion of foreign and colonial affairs and Imperial defence - surely they have other and higher duties imposed upon them. Is it not their duty to instruct and educate the people, and tell the truth at any cost, even at the cost of party votes? How many such statesmen are there? They can be counted on the fingers of one hand.\n\nIn recently reviewing the foreign policy both in India and the further East I had occasion to point out how in energy and intelligence, in study and appreciation of Eastern problems and neighbouring countries, we have fallen far behind our old level, and behind that of our Western rivals. The policy of the Imperial Government has been persistently to show no real appreciation of the value of India and other Eastern dependencies or develop them, and much that is done - for instance, railway extension in India - is accomplished only under the pressure of public opinion excited by the agitation of some vigorous community. The country then, being ignorant and indifferent, will remain so until ruin comes, unless a revolution is brought about by education of the country - education surely needed in matters not only political but industrial and commercial. Unless reform comes in this quarter, and more radical than any that has been or can be applied to the franchise or land, England must lose her possessions and colonies, as through want of education and earnestness of purpose she is fast losing in the industrial race, especially in competition with the Germans. Our system of education is largely to blame for this. We have no means of education in our country such as the German of to-day understands the word - education which fits him so well for the struggle of life. The individual members of the State are so wrapped up in their own concerns, so engrossed in the sordid search for wealth, so enervated by affluence and luxury, that they have no time to pay attention to such questions as the defence of the country and its commerce. The Government should do that they say. But the Government, knowing the indifference of the people, do not trouble themselves about it. Thus we live on from day to day in a fool's paradise from which we are certain to be rudely awakened, and that very shortly, while we find ourselves in Europe surrounded by nations all armed to the teeth, and the tension so great that it cannot possibly last long; alienated in Europe; committed by common interest in Turkey, \"the sick man;\" in India menaced by Russia, now ready to make one more move towards India, which she would command from Afghanistan that country once occupied; in Egypt involved by unforeseen circumstances accentuated by the policy of indecision, whose motto is \"too late,\" and by the absence of military preparation; in the far East estranged from our Eastern neighbours by the abject and impossible policy of no responsibility; worst of all, the loyalty of the colonies is put needlessly to the test.\n\nYet, in spite of such a state of affairs, our statesmen, with only two exceptions, Mr. Goschen and Mr. Forster, so far as one can judge out here from an examination of the English Press, find nothing better to talk about than domestic and parochial questions. That there will not be wanting self-sufficient statesmen who will be found ready to pooh-pooh any indictment which can now be made, as they have done in the past with such perfect success, I am well aware. We know all the arguments to be used. War is improbable or (if it can possibly be maintained at the time) impossible. They explain to their own satisfaction - and it tickles the ear of the public - that no Power would be mad enough to face the resources of England. To attack England will ruin any single Power or combination of Powers they say. But if in the process they break the power of England, what satisfaction is it to us to know that the process was costly to them? Defences can be arranged when the time comes, for we shall make a prolonged resistance; we have never been prepared, &c. No theory could be more mischievous. Defences cannot be arranged \"at the time.\" Listen to what has been said by Lord Overstone, one of the greatest of civil, financial, and commercial authorities: \"Our riches, the composition and nature of our social and monetary system, the limited extent of our country, the necessity for internal order, and confidence for the maintenance of our manufactur... \n\nPage 422",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3]",
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        "title": "CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure 2 \n\n295 \n\nentitled to seeing express an opinion - that the seamen and Troops stationed at this port far exceed in numbers the small proportion of European residents.\n\n15th February, 1886.  \n(Signed) W. H. Marsh.\n\n**GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.--No. 77.**  \n\nThe subjoined amended Quarantine Regulations are published for general information.\n\nBy Command,  \n**FREDERICK STEWART**,  \nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 3rd March, 1886.\n\n## **ORDINANCE No. 9 of 1883**  \n\nAn Ordinance enacted by the Governor of Hongkong, with the advice of the Legislative Council thereof, entitled **The Merchant Shipping Consolidation Ordinance, 1879, Amendment Ordinance, 1883**.\n\n[20th July, 1883.]\n\nBE it enacted by the Governor of Hongkong, with the advice of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows:-\n\n1. Ordinance 8 of 1879 is hereby amended by striking out the words of Section 25 and substituting in place thereof the words :—  \nThe Governor in Council may from time to time make, and when made, revoke, add to, or alter such regulations as the Governor in Council may deem necessary for maintaining and enforcing an effectual quarantine in the ports and waters of the Colony, and for the setting apart of suitable places in available situations for Quarantine Stations, and providing for the detention and seclusion in such places of persons arriving on board vessels subjected to quarantine.\n\nAny person offending against any such regulations shall be liable on summary conviction before a Police Magistrate to a penalty not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment with or without hard labour for any term not exceeding 12 months, or at the discretion of the Police Magistrate to both penalty and imprisonment, and the Captain Superintendent of Police and any officers that he may appoint for the purpose of enforcing quarantine, shall have the same powers to prevent the commission of breaches of such regulations, and to arrest, recapture, or detain offenders against them as may be used by any person for the prevention of any felony, or the arrest, recapture, or detention of a felon.\n\n2. Ordinance 16 of 1882 is hereby repealed, provided that such repeal shall not affect the past operation of the said Ordinance, or anything done or suffered thereunder, or any liability or punishment in respect thereof.\n\n| Section | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sec. 25 of Ordinance 8 of 1879 amended | Governor in Council may make Quarantine Regulations |\n|  | Penalty for breach of Quarantine Regulations; and powers of Police to arrest |\n\n## Regulations made by the Governor in Council under the Provisions of Section 1 of Ordinance 9 of 1883\n\n1. All previous regulations made under the Provisions of Section 1 of Ordinance 9 of 1883 are hereby revoked.\n\n2. In these Regulations the term **Health Officer** means the Health Officer of the Port or any other Medical Officer duly authorized to act for, or assist him; the term **Vessels** includes Steamers, Sailing Vessels, Junks, and Lorchas, and British and Foreign Ships of War, as well as Merchant Vessels of all kinds; the term **port or place at which any infectious or contagious disease prevailed** means a port or place proclaimed to be such by order of the Governor in Council published in the Gazette from the date of such proclamation.\n\n3. Every vessel arriving in the waters of this Colony  \n(a.) After a voyage of less than 3 days from any port or place at which any infectious or contagious disease prevailed at the time of such vessel's departure therefrom; or  \n(b.) Having at the time of arrival, or having had, during the voyage, any case of any infectious or contagious disease on board; or  \n(c.) Having on board any passengers who are less than 3 days from any port or place where any infectious or contagious disease prevailed when such passengers departed therefrom,  \nshall immediately on entering the waters of the Colony fly the Quarantine Flag, and shall keep the same flying, and shall be deemed to be in quarantine until released therefrom by express written order of the Health Officer, who shall, in every case, board and examine all the passengers and crew of such vessel.\n\nThe Quarantine Flag shall be a flag of yellow colour (letter Q in International Code of Signals) hoisted at the highest mast-head forward.\n\nNo such vessel shall enter the waters of the Colony before 6 A.M. or after 7 P.M.\n\n4. Every vessel in quarantine shall proceed to the Quarantine Ground, and shall not remove therefrom, except from stress of weather, until released from quarantine by order of the Health Officer.\n\nNo vessel having to leave the Quarantine Ground from stress of weather shall communicate with the shore, or with any ship, and such vessel shall return to the Quarantine Ground immediately such stress of weather has subsided. Provided that in case of stress of weather involving probable actual danger to the vessel, the vessel may remove for a time, but shall be deemed nevertheless for all purposes to be in quarantine, and subject to all other regulations applicable to such vessels.\n\n5. The Quarantine Ground shall be within the following boundaries, and the Master of every vessel shall remove his vessel to any part of the Quarantine Ground as and when required by the Harbour Master:--  \nWestern Boundary.-A line drawn from the West side of Stone Cutters' Island to West side of Green Island (on Admiralty Chart marked as Harbour boundary).",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3]",
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        "title": "CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# 憲示第七十七號 \n**署輔政使司史 憲札轉奉**\n\n爲曉事照得現奉 **議政二局經歴 定例督憲會** 一千八百八十三年七月二十日 督部堂憲驗將扣留船隻增纂之章程群示於下爲此恃示 \n\n定例局將一千八百七十九年商船則例釐正名爲一千八百八十三年釐政則例 將 **督憲會同 定例局議定** 各歎開列於下之款代之一千八百七十九年第八條則例之第二十五欸現在删去用下開此面方留覊船船隻所並在此等地方覊留由遵守此例之船到諸人等權宜與各人所應遏止人犯法及拿解匪犯或拿後脫迷仍續獲此等章程及將違犯之人拿解倘被拿復臉後仍續將其人覊留此緝捕實及其所委派辦理此等扣留船隻例之員弁許其遏止人違犯十二个月有無苦工不等巡理府准可任意銀外另行定斮監禁總凡犯此等章程之人經巡理府審訊後缺不逾二千圓或監禁不過便在本港海面將和留船隻之事辦理有成及分設合宜地方爲相留 **督憲會同 定例局准可** 隨時設立章程或將已立之章程删改增添以之權一律止拿此巡人解許另其行圓脫其遏定逃人止罰仍覊人留違禁獲此犯總過得例經行各事一千八百八十二年第十六條則例現己删惟此等删改不得有初三日示一千八百八十六年\n\n## **督憲會同 將 定例局案照** 一千八百八十三年第九條則例之第一款所議定之章程示於下 \n定例局案照一千八百八十三年第九條第一則例所定之章程開毕或地方刋示憲報内者督憲卽會撻定例局將該處如此情形聲明並由聲明之日起將該洲國兵船與各類商船之總稱及稱其雄或地方有能傳染病症盛行查船醫官并内稱船隻者卽火船帆船渡船頭猛船英國及二此等章程内稱查船醫官者卽該埠之香船醫官或別委員弁或帮助有之雙惠路能旗該地傳文看作則係船有於之後不得入本港海口懸於船之最前最高桅頂之處此等船隻於早六點鐘之前夜七點鐘須用黄色並按照各國通行旗號條例書之Q字部造成此旗卽將其醫官特照始准釋放該醫官可隨時登船查看該船水手搭客報病旗須高懸報病旗一面此旗不准放下該船郎作爲羈禁候至奉有香船方而來自離該地方之日起計未足三日者則該船一到本港海口卽船上已有患能傳染之症或該船上有搭客係由有能傳染病症之地船到港之路程又未足三日或於到港時而有或於所行路程三日內三凡有船隻由各地方來港而該地方於船開行時已有能傳染症流行國該容不例准息乃離風該可此勢處相界旣凡仍定因凡卽必作爲被留之船并須遵守扣留船隻條例乃可船隻界內雖於遭風時防有危險其船暫准離此界仍凡遇有事故亦之船不得與岸上船來往及互通消息風勢既定卽須駛回扣留遭風外未奉有查船醫官之命不得擅離該處凡因遭風而離禁地四凡船隻有可疑其有能傳染人之症者須駛赴扣留船隻界内停泊除風或查地除\n\n## 扣留船隻界限 \n| 界限 | 描述 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Southern Boundary | That part of a line having the Naval Coal Sheds at Kaulung bearing E. by S., commencing where it meets the Eastern Boundary, and terminating where it meets the Western boundary. |\n| Eastern Boundary.-- | A South line drawn from a white mark on South side of Stone Cutters' Island until it reaches the Southern boundary. |\n| Northern Boundary.-- | Five fathom line of soundings. |\n\nThe place hereafter described, as follows, is hereby set apart to be a Quarantine Station, namely:--- \nThat part of the West end of Stone Cutters' Island which is bounded and contained between two lines of yellow stone posts extending from shore to shore.\n\n## 檢疫章程 \n6. The master or other person having the control of any vessel in quarantine shall give the Health Officer or Boarding Officer such information about the vessel and the voyage and the health of the crew and passengers and otherwise as the Health Officer or Boarding Officer may require, and shall answer truly and fully all questions put to him by the Health Officer or Boarding Officer.\n\n7. The Health Officer may order the removal of such persons as he thinks fit from any vessel in quarantine to the Quarantine Station, and the master of any vessel from which such persons are ordered to be removed shall conduct their removal according to the orders of the Health Officer.\n\n8. No vessel in quarantine shall be released from quarantine except by the express written order of the Health Officer, nor until such precautions, by way of burning clothing, or fumigating, or otherwise, as may be ordered by the Health Officer, have been carried out. \nIf the vessel arrives from a port or place where Cholera or Choleraic Diarrhoea prevailed at the time of its departure, or if there has been any case of any such disease on board the vessel, or any death therefrom, the vessel shall not be released from quarantine until 3 clear days have elapsed since the date of the vessel's departure from such port or place, or since any person was suffering from or died from any such disease on board such vessel, as the case may be.\n\n9. If any vessel in the waters of this Colony is known to have any case of any infectious or contagious disease on board, or is a vessel which in the opinion of the Health Officer ought according to these regulations to be in quarantine, the Health Officer may order such vessel into quarantine, and the master or person in charge of such vessel shall thereupon hoist the Quarantine Flag upon such vessel and remove the vessel to the Quarantine Ground, and all the regulations applicable in relation to vessels in quarantine shall apply to such vessel.\n\n10. In case of a death happening on board any vessel in quarantine, or ordered into quarantine, or in Quarantine Station, the body shall be disposed of in such manner as may be ordered by the Health Officer; and the Master of the vessel shall carry out such orders as the Health Officer may give him in relation to the disposal of the body.\n\n11. When any quarantined vessel is in the waters of the Colony, no person shall leave the vessel, or hold communication from the vessel with the shore, or with any other vessel or boat, or take or send any person or thing whatever out of the vessel, until the express written permission of the Health Officer has been communicated to the master or other person having the control of the vessel, and such precautions as the Health Officer may require have been observed.\n\n19. When any vessel is in quarantine, no person other than the Health Officer or persons in his boat shall approach within 30 yards of such vessel, or hold any communication with such vessel, or with any person on board of it, or receive or take any person or thing whatever directly or indirectly from the vessel or from any person on board of it, without having first received the express written permission of the Health Officer, and observing such precautions as the Health Officer may require.\n\n13. No person placed in the Quarantine Station shall leave the same, or hold communication with any vessel or boat, or take or send any person or thing whatever out of the Quarantine Station without having first received the express written permission of the Health Officer, and observing such precautions as the Health Officer may require.\n\n14. No person other than the Health Officer, or persons expressly deputed by him, shall enter the Quarantine Station or approach within 30 yards of the boundaries thereof, or hold communication with the Quarantine Station or with any person in it, or receive or take anything whatever directly or indirectly from the Station, or from any person in it without having first received the express written permission of the Health Officer, and observing such precautions as the Health Officer may require.\n\n15. The Captain Superintendent of Police, and any officers that he may appoint for the purpose of enforcing quarantine, may order any person leaving or coming from any vessel that is in quarantine or from a Quarantine Station, or taking or sending any person or thing whatever from any such vessel or Quarantine Station to remain in or return to, and to return such persons or things to such vessel or Quarantine Station, and may by such necessary force as the case requires compel any person neglecting or refusing to observe such order to obey the same.\n\n16. The above regulations shall not in any way interfere with the internal management of any of Her Majesty's Ships, or of Foreign Ships of War, or with their freedom to proceed to sea whenever the Officer in command may deem such course requisite.\n\n17. Where any breach of any of the above regulations is committed, all the persons assisting in any way in the commission of such breach and the master or other person having the control of any vessel or boat on board of which such breach has been committed, or which has been in any way engaged in the commission of such breach shall be severally answerable for such breach, and shall be deemed guilty of the same.\n\n**Council Chamber, Hongkong, 3rd March, 1886.** \n**ARATHOON SETHI, Clerk of Councils.**\n\nPage 300\nPage 301",
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        "page_number": 302,
        "title": "CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# Quarantine Regulations\n\n298\n\nshall immediately on entering the waters of the Colony fly the Quarantine Flag, and shall keep the same flying, and shall be deemed to be in quarantine until released therefrom by express written order of the Health Officer; who shall, in every case, board and examine all the passengers and crew of such vessel.\n\nThe Quarantine Flag shall be a flag of yellow colour (letter Q in International Code of Signals) hoisted at the highest mast-head forward.\n\nNo such vessel shall enter the waters of the Colony before 6 A.M. or after 7 P.M.\n\n## Regulation 4\nEvery vessel in quarantine shall proceed to the Quarantine Ground, and shall not remove therefrom, except from stress of weather, until released from quarantine by order of the Health Officer. No vessel having to leave the Quarantine Ground from stress of weather shall communicate with the shore, or with any ship, and such vessel shall return to the Quarantine Ground immediately such stress of weather has subsided. Provided that in case of stress of weather involving probable actual danger to the vessel, the vessel may remove for a time, but shall be deemed nevertheless for all purposes to be in quarantine, and subject to all other regulations applicable to such vessels.\n\n## Regulation 5\nThe Quarantine Ground shall be within the following boundaries, and the Master of every vessel shall remove his vessel to any part of the Quarantine Ground as and when required by the Harbour Master:\n\n| Boundary | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Western Boundary | A line drawn from the West side of Stone Cutters Island to West side of Green Island (on Admiralty Chart marked as Harbour boundary). |\n| Southern Boundary | That part of a line having the Naval Coal Sheds at Kaulung bearing E. by S., commencing where it meets the Eastern Boundary, and terminating where it meets the Western boundary. |\n| Eastern Boundary | A South line drawn from a white mark on South side of Stone Cutters Island until it reaches the Southern boundary. |\n| Northern Boundary | Five fathom line of soundings. |\n\nThe place hereafter described, as follows, is hereby set apart to be a Quarantine Station, namely:\nThat part of the West end of Stone Cutters Island which lies West of a line to be determined by the Health Officer, and to be indicated by a line of Yellow Flags to be fixed by the Health Officer from shore to shore.\n\n## Regulation 6\nThe master or other person having the control of any vessel in quarantine shall give the Health Officer or Boarding Officer such information about the vessel and the voyage and the health of the crew and passengers and otherwise as the Health Officer or Boarding Officer may require, and shall answer truly and fully all questions put to him by the Health Officer or Boarding Officer.\n\n## Regulation 7\nThe Health Officer may order the removal of such persons as he thinks fit from any vessel in quarantine to the Quarantine Station, and the master of any vessel from which such persons are ordered to be removed shall conduct their removal according to the orders of the Health Officer.\n\n## Regulation 8\nNo vessel in quarantine shall be released from quarantine except by the express written order of the Health Officer, for until such precautions, by way of burning clothing or fumigating or otherwise, as may be ordered by the Health Officer, have been carried out.\n\nIf the vessel arrives from a port or place where any infectious or contagious disease prevailed at the time of its departure, or if there has been any case of any such disease on board the vessel, or any death therefrom, the vessel shall not be released from quarantine until 5 clear days have elapsed since the date of the vessel's departure from such port or place, or since any person was suffering from or died from any such disease on board such vessel, as the case may be.\n\n## Regulation 9\nAny vessel having had, during the course of her voyage, any case of any infectious or contagious disease on board, shall be placed in quarantine immediately on entering the waters of the Colony, and she will not be released therefrom until fumigated and disinfected to the satisfaction of the Health Officer.\n\n## Regulation 10\nIf any vessel in the waters of this Colony is known to have any case of any infectious or contagious disease on board, or is a vessel which in the opinion of the Health Officer ought according to these regulations to be in quarantine, the Health Officer may order such vessel into quarantine, and the master or person in charge of such vessel shall thereupon hoist the Quarantine Flag upon such vessel and remove the vessel to the Quarantine Ground, and all the regulations applicable in relation to vessels in quarantine shall apply to such vessel.\n\n## Regulation 11\nIn case of a death happening on board any vessel in quarantine, or ordered into quarantine, or in a Quarantine Station, the body shall be disposed of in such manner as may be ordered by the Health Officer; and the Master of the vessel shall carry out such orders as the Health Officer may give him in relation to the disposal of the body.\n\n## Regulation 12\nWhen any quarantined vessel is in the waters of the Colony, no person shall leave the vessel or hold communication from the vessel with the shore, or with any other vessel or boat, or take or send any person or thing whatever out of the vessel, until the express written permission of the Health Officer has been communicated to the master or other person having the control of the vessel, and such precautions as the Health Officer may require have been observed.\n\n## Regulation 13\nWhen any vessel is in quarantine, no person other than the Health Officer or persons in his boat shall approach within 30 yards of such vessel, or hold any communication with such vessel, or with any person on board of it, or receive or take any person or thing whatever directly or indirectly from the vessel or from any person on board of it, without having first received the express written permission of the Health Officer, and observing such precautions as the Health Officer may require.\n\n## Regulation 14\nNo person placed in the Quarantine Station shall leave the same, or hold communication with any vessel or boat, or take or send any person or thing whatever out of the Quarantine Station, without having first received the express written permission of the Health Officer, and observing such precautions as the Health Officer may require.\n\n## Regulation 15\nNo person other than the Health Officer, or persons expressly deputed by him, shall enter the Quarantine Station or approach within 30 yards of the boundaries thereof, or hold communication with the Quarantine Station, or with any person in it, or receive or take anything whatever directly or indirectly from the Station, or from any person in it without having first received the express written permission of the Health Officer, and observing such precautions as the Health Officer may require.\n\n## Regulation 16\nThe Captain Superintendent of Police, and any officers that he may appoint for the purpose of enforcing quarantine, may order any person leaving or coming from any vessel that is in quarantine or from a Quarantine Station, or taking or sending any person or thing whatever from any such vessel or Quarantine Station to remain in or return to, and to return such persons or things to such vessel or Quarantine Station, and may by such necessary force as the case requires compel any person neglecting or refusing to observe such order to obey the same.\n\n## Regulation 17\nThe above regulations shall not in any way interfere with the internal management of any of Her Majesty's Ships, or of Foreign Ships of War, or with their freedom to proceed to sea whenever the Officer in command may deem such course requisite.\n\n## Regulation 18\nWhere any breach of any of the above regulations is committed, all the persons assisting in any way in the commission of such breach and the master or other person having the control of any vessel or boat on board of which such breach has been committed, or which has been in any way engaged in the commission of such breach shall be severally answerable for such breach, and shall be deemed guilty of the same.\n\nCouncil Chamber, Hongkong, 23rd June, 1885.\n\n**ARATHOON SETH**, Clerk of Councils.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-227 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [6]",
        "page_number": 179,
        "title": "CO129-227 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [6]",
        "content_text": "Certificates, which will be found in the annexed extract from local paper, will be read by Your Lordship with much interest, as the study of European Medicine and surgery by Chinese is a new departure, and important results in promoting good feeling between us and the Chinese may have.\n\nI have the honour to be, My Lords,\n\nYour Lordship's Most Obedient humble Servant,\n\nMark\n\n28th May, 18...\n\nEnclosure 1. 3rd June, 1886.\n\n# THE ALICE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL.\n\n## ITS HISTORY.\n\nThe foundation stone of the Alice Memorial Hospital was laid this afternoon by H. E. The Acting Governor, the Hon. W. H. Marsh. The event marks the first definite step in the way of alleviating the sufferings of the poorer natives by placing within their reach gratuitous medical treatment on Western and truly scientific principles, and it is to be hoped that it also marks the beginning of a medical school in this Colony in which promising native lads may be taught the true science of medicine.\n\nThe need for such an institution and above all for having trained native Doctors has been long felt, but other schemes have so engrossed public attention that the idea was left in abeyance or put aside till a more convenient season. No one who knows the mischief done by the empirical and haphazard treatment of the native practitioners and the dangers to which the community might be exposed by the spread of an epidemic, but will admit that one of the greatest benefits that could be bestowed on the natives would be the formation of an efficient staff of native medical doctors thoroughly trained in Western practice. At present Chinese doctors are as a rule mere quacks, who do not even require to pass examinations in the crude ideas of the science entertained by the Chinese.\n\nIt is some four years ago since the scheme of a free public hospital began to be actively canvassed. About that time Dr Ho Kai returned from England and earnestly interested himself in the movement. He found Dr W. Young generously giving his services gratuitously at the Chapel of the London Mission Society and at the meeting place at Taiping-shan. To him Dr Ho Kai expressed his conviction that the founding of a public hospital was the only way of meeting in anything like a satisfactory manner the clamant necessity of the large population. In this belief Dr Young thoroughly concurred, and these gentlemen worked for some time together maturing their plans till the return of Dr Chalmers from England, whom they associated in the work. In the course of a year, although surrounded with many difficulties, the project began to take shape, and a Committee, consisting of these three gentlemen and Sir George Phillippo, Dr Stewart, Mr J. S. Cox (of Messrs Lane, Crawford & Co.), Mr. MacConachie, Mr Jackson, Mr A. P. MacEwen, Mr E. R. Belilios and Dr Manson, was formed.\n\nFor a time it appeared that their labours were to bear some immediate result and arrangements were being made for taking over the property of Mrs D. R. Caldwell situated in Hollywood Road. Other schemes, however, interposed in the way, and finally the committee broke up. The scheme of an hospital then lay in abeyance for several months till Dr Ho Kai introduced the very generous resolve of providing for a memorial hospital as a lasting remembrance of his wife. His efforts were seconded by the London Missionary Society, and Dr Chalmers also put his whole soul into the movement. Eventually the site in Hollywood Road was secured and the work of clearing the ground for the hospital begun. It is this hospital—the Alice Memorial Hospital of which the foundation stone has been laid to-day, and which has now been handed over to the London Mission Society on condition that it be permanently used as a free public hospital open to every nationality and every religion, and that it be managed and supported by the Society.\n\nThe hospital, it is expected, will be completed by the end of this year. For the first year of its existence the work carried on will be of a tentative character and will perhaps entirely consist of practice work. Should the labours in the building prove successful and are rightly appreciated by the community, it is hoped that at the beginning of 1888 the managers may be able to open a clinical school, where students will be trained for three years in the various branches of medical science. Already arrangements have been made with the trustees of the Belilios medical scholarship to have two boys in the Central School put aside, if possible next week, for this career. And if the committee of gentlemen who are to manage the Institution succeed in getting these boys, they may be able to make some start in the teaching work next year. This work—the spreading of medical knowledge is the very essence of the scheme, and it is only on account of the limited resources at the command of the committee that they are not able to proceed at once in a comprehensive spirit with the chief object they have in view.\n\nThe Hospital will accommodate, at the lowest estimate, 80 beds, and may be made to hold in case of need 100 beds without inconvenience. Four medical men have voluntarily offered their services for the Institution — Dr Manson, Dr Young, Dr Hartigan, and Dr Jordan; and Dr Poate has placed his services at the disposal of the Committee as a consulting dentist. Besides those treated in the hospital as in-door patients, advice and medicine will be given to out-door patients in the department on the basement floor set apart for this work. On this floor there is a suite of rooms for male and for female patients, and it is calculated that as many as from 100 to 150 patients may be treated here every day. Each doctor will take his day of this work and give his services during certain specified hours.\n\nThe duties of carrying out this noble and laudable enterprise will devolve on two Committees, the medical committee and the finance committee. The medical committee consists of the four medical gentlemen above mentioned, associated with whom are Dr Chalmers and Dr Ho Kai. To this committee will be entrusted the whole internal management of the hospital and the treatment of patients. The duties of the Finance Committee will be more of a consultative character. They will call at the Hospital two or three times a year and to them all financial matters will be referred, the supreme voice in the management, however, being vested in the London Missionary Society through Dr Chalmers. A Chinese surgeon will be in charge of the place, and the Committee are already in treaty with an assistant to Dr Manson, who has been in his service for 10 years. This official will be in some measure responsible for the order and discipline maintained in the place and will be always at hand to give assistance.\n\nTo the London Society who have contributed some $14,000 for the site, to Dr Ho Kai ...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 43,
        "title": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "funds.\n\nThere is no doubt that if the whole waterfront were scoured off the Crown Government the scheme would pay more than it's cost.\n\nYong dow 11 betsbu 1886\n\n(3) Mr. A. Marsh\n\nA 41\n\nFirst Portion of Correspondence respecting the proposed junction of the Eastern and Western Praya*. Presented to the Legislative Council by command of His Excellency the Governor.\n\nC.O. 22594 RECR SGO 14 DEC 76 (1.)\n\nGovernor Sir George Bowen, G.C.M.G., to the Earl of Derby.\n\nGOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 25th August, 1883.\n\nSecretary of State No. 123 of June 27th. 1883.\n\nMY LORD,\n\nIn continuation of my previous despatches respecting the sanitary works recommended by Mr. CHADWICK, I would observe that the records of the Colonial Office will show that there has at different periods been much official correspondence respecting the junction of the Eastern and Western Praya* (or quays) of this city, by a marine embankment or roadway. In fact, the two main portions of the city are now separated from each other in a most inconvenient manner by the interposition of the Naval and Military buildings; and it has long been considered of great importance to re-unite them by an embankment in front of those buildings.\n\n2. It appears by a letter from the Colonial Office to the War Office of June 29th, 1877, that, at that period, the War and Colonial Departments had concurred as to the importance of this work, and that it was desired that 'some agreement might be arrived at by which the work should be carried out conjointly by the three Departments,\" (that is, by the War Office, the Colonial Office, and the Admiralty).\n\n3. Nothing practical however, has hitherto been done. This question has now been revived by Mr. CHADWICK (the Engineer sent out from England to report on the sanitary condition of Hongkong), who strongly recommends the execution of this work on sanitary grounds. He reports (page 57) as follows:- \"The foreshore in front of the War Department's property is flat and a considerable area is uncovered at low water. Owing to the numerous indentations of the shore line, and the set of tidal currents, a good deal of filth accumulates here from all parts of the harbour and not merely from the adjacent property...\n\nThe mouths of the Murray Barracks and Victoria Barrack Nullahs† are somewhat obstructed by sand, and there is a tendency to the formation of stagnant pools at their mouths. The only effective remedy for this state of things, would be to reclaim the foreshore\n\n* Praya is a Portuguese word, signifying the Beach, and was adopted by the first settlers at Hongkong because the Marine Parade at Macao is so called.\n\n† Gullies or Ravines.\n\nS Bury.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "the project. They contended that it was absolutely necessary they should be provided with an inland dock or basin inside the proposed new embankment for the purpose of enabling them to meet the exigencies of the naval service in respect of the refitting and revictualling of Her Majesty's ships. Moreover the Admiralty stipulated, as one of the conditions of their acquiescence in the project, that the proposed new marine roadway should be carried up on an ascending gradient from the Murray Pier, so that by the time it reached the Naval Yard frontage it should have attained a sufficient height to admit of a bridge over the entrance to their dock or basin which would enable them to preserve their communication with the sea while the roadway was carried overhead. In addition to that the Military Authorities in conjunction with the Admiralty insisted on the embankment being pushed further out into the harbour, into deeper water, thus involving the cost of laying deep foundations. It may readily be understood that such very heavy additions as these to the original simple scheme could not but increase the estimate of cost very largely and these additions will give hon. members a clue to the larger figure of £71,000 set forth in the Address.\n\nWhile on the subject of the proposed Praya extension I may, perhaps, be permitted incidentally to remark that for the first time in the history of this question we have a General in command of the China Station who, holding liberal views on the matter, is animated by an earnest desire to gratify the aspiration of the colony as to uniting the eastern and western portions of the town by means of this embankment. And even if the Government should be unable at the moment, owing to financial considerations, to give effect to the scheme, it will have been a highly desirable thing to avail ourselves of the present favourable attitude of the Military Department, and to procure its acceptance of the scheme in such a manner as to render it unlikely that it can be afterwards altered or extended, or the cost still further increased.\n\nThe hon. member opposite has expressed the opinion that if the Colonial Government had been seriously desirous of having this scheme carried out they would unquestionably have been able to carry it out. I am not aware that any want of such desire can be attributed to the Colonial Authorities. The delays that have arisen are mainly owing to the objection of the Naval Department to being cut off from the sea frontage by an intervening public roadway. It is also entirely owing to the favourable view which General Cameron takes of the project that the Government now for the first time sees some prospect of carrying out the improvement within a measurable distance of time.\n\nAs to the remarks which fell from the hon. member opposite with reference to Sanitary Works, the hon. member may be aware, or he may not be aware, that the Government of the colony has been for the last three and a half years assiduously engaged in constructing the main sewerage of this town upon modern sanitary principles. From the returns which I hold in my hand I find that during the last three and a half years in the Western District of Victoria 2,450 yards of main sewers have been constructed, in the Central District 1,900 yards, and in the eastern district 3,100 yards, making in all 7,450 yards of new main sewers, or roughly speaking, about four and a half miles. Besides this many other works of improvement in connection with main sewerage have also been carried out, and these improvements have been pushed forward for the last three and a half years and are still being unremittingly pushed forward from day to day as part and parcel of the comprehensive scheme for the main drainage of the city adopted four years ago.\n\nThe main drainage works of Victoria, however, are something like Rome, they are not to be built in a day. At all events the statistics I have quoted to the Council will show that considerable progress has been made in the main drainage works. Having said this much on the subject of the main drainage of the town, I come to the cognate subject of house drainage, and here I am able to agree with any hon. member at this table who may lift his voice against the actual condition of things. House drains are to the main sewers what the veins are to the arteries in a man's body. The Government have been engaged in restoring the arteries to proper working order, and it devolves upon the owners of house property to do the same for the veins, that is for their house drains.\n\nThose private house drains which are the cause of all our present evils are built at the expense of private owners of property, and it should devolve upon house proprietors to imitate in respect of their private house drains the action of the Government in respect of the reconstruction of main sewers. But as this is not being done things are in the state referred to by the Hon. member opposite. What is the remedy for this state of things? Legislation, unquestionably. Legislation that will make it compulsory upon the householder to re-construct his house drains as the Government has reconstructed the main sewers of the town.\n\nAnd with reference to the subject of this legislation, I noticed a passage in his Excellency's Address which says that an Ordinance in this connection was prepared by myself a year ago. With due deference to his Excellency's statement, I have to point out that that passage in the Address would have been more correct if it had stated two years ago, it being, I think, in 1884 that the draft of the Ordinance was first submitted for consideration. The Bill as then drafted bristled with difficulties and perplexities, and it had the misfortune to meet with some opposition from Hon. Members of the Council, as well as from other high authorities whose opinions are entitled to the highest respect.\n\nIt brought most forcibly home to one's mind the fact that the course of sanitary legislation was something like that of true love, and that it did not always run smooth. The Public Health Ordinance was therefore withdrawn, and, I think, judiciously withdrawn, with the object of recasting it into two separate measures to be introduced this session. At the first meeting of the re-constituted and enlarged Sanitary Board the draft Bill was brought forward and placed before new members, and from that time to the present has continued to receive from them that earnest attention and consideration which it so preeminently demands.\n\nAs the Bill will be laid upon this table before long it would, perhaps, be premature for me to enter into the question at greater length now; but I cannot help expressing a conviction, which I am sure the hon. member opposite will share, that that Bill will be found an effectual remedy for all the evils and complaints which he depicts, and therefore I trust it will not be long before it takes its place in the Statute Book.\n\nI ought perhaps to add that the Sanitary Board has been animated throughout its deliberations as to this important legislation by the sole desire, as far as the exigencies of the public health will admit, to consult on the one hand the welfare and interests of the masses who are compelled to inhabit the houses of Hongkong, and on the other the interests of the landlords. All landlords, I am sorry to say, who build such houses for personal profit without due regard to drainage, to proper lighting, or adequate ventilation. I repeat I think the evils which the hon. member has depicted in such glowing language will all be found to come within the grasp of the new Ordinance.\n\nOur aim therefore should be to expedite that Ordinance, and place it upon the Statute Book with all possible speed, for in that Act lies the only remedy for the evils which my hon. friend has referred to. The hon. member has made some remarks in what I may term very warmly expressed language about the Central Market. I may state that the management of the Central Market is not in my hands.\n\nHon. A. P. MACEWEN—I never said it was.\n\nThe SURVEYOR-GENERAL—That is so. But as the Government fully intended last year to rebuild the Market, it may be understood why Sanitary reforms may not have been instituted there. The only impediment to the erection of a new market has been the financial impediment. Rather than waste time in discussing matters of the past, and that now no longer exist, I think we should be wiser to go to work in earnest, make an assault upon the old pile, and knock it down during the next year, as soon as this may be feasible consistently with the finding of suitable temporary accommodation for the Market people.\n\nThe ACTING ATTORNEY-GENERAL—Sir, I wish to add a few remarks to what has been said on the motion for the adoption of the reply to the Address. With respect to finance, I think my hon. friend opposite (Mr. MacEwen) said he was disappointed. I don't think we can join in that feeling, as from a statement before me I find the revenue has ever since 1876 steadily and regularly and year by year risen from $870,000, which it was in that year, to the $1,300,000 which we expect to receive this year.\n\nWith respect to a large development of public works and a large expenditure by means of a loan my hon. friend has expressed his disappointment no such programme figures in the Address. I don't think we could expect his Excellency the Administrator to trammel the hands of the future Governor by launching out into these great works. Everything cannot be done at once.\n\n85\n\n- Government\n\nwury",
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        "id": 333398,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 220,
        "title": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "nclosure D\n\nHONGKONG.\n\nNo.\n\n1217\n\n877.\n\nand rising only to low water level.\n\nFrom what was said to me\n\nby the Surveyor General on the subject,\n\nprepared to take his proposals with favourable consideration provided a battery\n\nGreen Island.\n\nis Established on\n\nIn the meantime I shall\n\n: feel obliged if your Excellency will favour me with such comments on the practicability and cost of the Commanding Royal Engineer's and Major Whitmore's several\n\n· proposals for blocking the channel as you\n\nmay\n\nmake\n\nconsider\n\non all\n\nSubject\n\nmy\n\nWh\n\nto Enable me to\n\nnecessary report when\n\nJuly informed\n\n- particulars in connection with the\n\nin all its be\n\nbearings.\n\nI have the honour to be\n\nSir\n\nYour Excellency's obedient Servant (84) W. G. Cameron\n\nMajor General Commanding in China & St.\n\nNo. 20.\n\nAPPROXIMATE ESTIMATE OF COST OF CONTEMPLATED PUBLIC WORKS.\n\nPresented to the Legislative Council, by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, on the 4th February, 1887.\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT,\n\nHONGKONG, 18th January, 1887.\n\nSIR,\n\nI have the honour to transmit you the enclosed approximate Estimates of the larger works and buildings which the Government has in contemplation or which have been under consideration.\n\nThe Honourable F. STEWART, LL.D.,\n\nActing Colonial Secretary,\n\n&c.,\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour obedient Servant,\n\nJ. M. PRICE,\n\nSurveyor General,\n\nAPPROXIMATE ESTIMATE OF COST OF NEW PUBLIC WORKS,\n\nNew Prison,$400,000.00\nSlaughter House,50,000.00\nSupreme Court and Offices,75,000.00\nPraya Junction,438,000.00\nDrainage of Happy Valley,25,000.00\nNew Central Market, New Western Market,150,000.00\nPolice Buildings Extensions,200,000.00\nGap Rock Light House,100,000.00\nKelletts Bank Breakwater,90,000.00\nHONGKONG.\nFilter Beds, Service Reservoir and Water-mains, Sanitary Works,150,000.00\n170,000.00\n600,000.00\nTotal$2,448,000.00\nEqual to £408,000.0.0\n\nJ. M. PRICE.\n\nSurveyor General,\n\n*This amount may be increased to $50,000 or $60,000 by works of ornamentation and landscape gardening according to the scale on which it is contemplated to carry out this project.\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364",
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        "page_number": 240,
        "title": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "Enclosure\n\nthe Brigade last year during the\n\n\"absence on leave of Mr. Wodehouse.\n\nMr Brewer has given\n\ngreat\n\nsatisfaction both to the Government\n\nHONGKONG.\n\n237\n\n9\n\nNor $7.\n\nRECR\n\nREPORT OF THE ACTING SUPERINTENDENT OF FIRE BRIGADE FOR 1886.\n\n6 587\n\nGE 4 APR\n\nPresented to the Legislative Council, by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government,\n\nNo. 2.\n\nthe able and\n\nSIR,\n\non the 28th January, 1887.\n\nFIRE BRIGADE DEPARTMENT, 7th January, 1887.\n\nand the Public\n\nenergetic\n\nhas\n\nmanner\n\nin which he\n\nmanaged the Brigade during the time that he has\n\nbeen in charge.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSin\n\nYour Most Obedient Humble Servant,\n\nMMarch\n\nI have the honour to submit the following report of the Government Fire Brigade for the year ending 31st December, 1886.\n\nDuring the year the Fire Brigade has performed important work which, as regards efficiency, is creditable, though not by any means perfect.\n\nThe rapid growth of the Colony demanding additional facilities for extinguishing fires, I recommended the Government early last year to purchase two additional Steam Engines which I proposed to station in the eastern and western districts to be on the spot in case of fire occurring in either locality. The Government sanctioned the purchase of one engine which is on its way from England, and a Steam Fire Pump has been fitted to the Steam-launch Stanley, which, if placed at the disposal of the Brigade, will bring up the strength of the available Fire Engines to the following:-\n\nNo. 1 Merryweather,\n\nFloating Steamer.\n\nNo. 2\n\nDo.\n\n....Land\n\ndo.\n\nNo. 3 Shand Mason & Co.\n\ndo.\n\ndo.\n\nNo. 4\n\nNo. 5\n\nDo.\n\nDo.\n\ndo.\n\ndo.\n\ndo.\n\ndo.\n\nexpected from England.\n\nNo. 6 Deane's (floating)\n\n....fitted in steam-launch Stanley.\n\nManuals-9 in number stationed in different parts of the Colony.\n\nNo. 2 Engine has been 16 years in service, and is now fitted with new steam cylinders and valve casing which will render the engine serviceable for some years.\n\nThe Government offices and other important centres have been supplied with hose and stand pipes.\n\nWith regard to fire alarms, a new bell has been supplied to the clock tower, and the bell of No. 5 Station has been raised so that its sound can be heard at a greater distance. These, however, are anything but perfect as fire alarms, as considerable time must of necessity elapse between the outbreak of a fire and communication to the station. This has been proved several times by the advanced state which the conflagration had reached on the arrival of the first engine.\n\nThe whole of the hose for the steam engines has been fitted with couplings on the Metropolitan Fire Brigade pattern which greatly facilitates connecting the lengths of hose.\n\nThe engines have been periodically overhauled, and carefully examined and tested, and are all in first-rate order, though I should recommend a new Fire-box for No. 3 Engine during the current year. Weekly drills have been held for instruction of Drivers and Firemen in their respective duties, when steam has been raised on each engine in turn. The system of fines sanctioned by His Excellency has proved successful in the increased attendance at weekly parades, and a greater attention to cleanliness and dress. The whole of the Chinese firemen have been supplied with belts and hose-wrenches, and have been instructed in elementary fire drill.\n\nConsiderable difficulty frequently arises at low water spring tides in obtaining water at various parts of the Praya, when the floating engine proves invaluable. The dredging operations, when completed on the fore-shore, will remove what has at times been a great difficulty.\n\nPage 240\n\nPage 241",
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        "id": 334074,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 358,
        "title": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "Enclosure\n\nHONGKONG.\n\nNo.\n\n351\n\n87.\n\n12775\n\nREC?\n\nREGE 29 JUN 87/\n\nREPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT FOR 1886.\n\nPresented to the Legislative Council, by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, on the 29th April, 1887.\n\nBOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT, HONGKONG, 12th February, 1887.\n\nSIR-I have the honour to submit the Annual Report on the Botanical and Afforestation Department for the year 1886.\n\n2. The Superintendent was absent on leave during seven months of 1885, and from the 1st of January to the 2nd of June of the year under report. Mr. WESTLAND deserves credit for the efforts which he made to maintain the efficiency of the Department while Acting Superintendent.\n\n3. ESTABLISHMENT.-I have much pleasure in recording the good conduct of the Head and Second Foresters during a period of trouble and trial when their characters were put to a test. The Head Forester, Mr. Lo AQWAI, was the first apprentice taken when I instituted the system of Garden Apprentices about twelve years ago. He is now the most valuable Chinese in the department.\n\n4. A Temporary Clerk was employed for six months to assist the Acting Superintendent and the Permanent Clerk.\n\n5. In consequence of the dismissal of the Permanent Clerk, an examination was held by the Government for the vacant post. Mr. S. MOOTIAN, being the successful candidate, received the appointment. He has applied himself assiduously to his duties, and has given satisfaction in every way.\n\n6. As usual, there have been a great many changes in the Staff of gardeners and labourers. These frequent and unavoidable changes are very detrimental to the state of efficiency which I am anxious to see attained. It is impossible to get trained gardeners to fill vacancies as they occur; men who are engaged are, as a rule, ordinary coolies chosen on account of moderate intelligence, good character, and activity. The ordinary and special duties required of them have to be learnt after the men come to us. All the operations of the gardens have to be daily and constantly supervised, which absorbs nearly the whole time of the Head Gardener. Such fairly good Chinese gardeners as there are can obtain $7 or $8 a month, and the men, of course, are unwilling to come to us for $6 a month, or even for $7 (which are the highest wages paid by this department for gardeners), as they know that here the men have to work harder than in private service, where they have very much more of their own time. There is, however, a prospect of some improvement, as provision has been made for an increase of a dollar a month each for a few posts in the department, and this cannot but have a good effect.\n\n7. Provision has also been made for the appointment of a Carpenter, who will be fully employed. By this arrangement, the profits hitherto made by the contractor will be saved, besides securing much greater convenience in always having a carpenter at hand to attend promptly to repairs and other work.\n\n8. An additional Forest Guard will be employed in 1887. This increase was much needed, as the patrol of the whole island, with the great increase in number and size of trees since forest guards were appointed six years ago, needs correspondingly increased vigilance from the protective staff.\n\nBOTANIC GARDENS.\n\n9. FOUNTAIN TERRACE.-The improvements long projected, and referred to in my Report for 1884, were commenced in the beginning of 1885, by removing from the western end of the terrace trees which were neither very ornamental nor useful, or which were represented adequately by specimens of the same species in other parts of the Gardens. They were not in keeping with their position.",
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        "id": 335399,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "page_number": 15,
        "title": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "content_text": "Erratum.\n\nAberdeen.\n\nHas a mate. J. 3.\n\nquite ready.\n\nCa le prom.\n\nme off.\n\nmedia Co.\n\nExtracts.\n\nMorant.\n\nfrom letter of.\n\nR.E.C.O.\n\nC. O.\n\ndated \"Victor Emanuel.\n\nKong.\n\n...\n\nA.\n\nR.E.C.O. 30 APR 87/\n\n22 February 1887.\n\nMeans of Defence.\n\nat.\n\nHong.\n\n13.\n\nThe Western channel could be much easier defended if a breakwater, lately proposed, was run out from Green Island towards the West extreme of Stonecutter's Island; it would take about a month to lay down the mines on the present plan between Belcher's Point and Stonecutter's Island.\n\nIt is quite possible to bring light artillery up to the top of any of the hills which command the passes and town; lately, it has been proved that there is little difficulty in infantry advancing over the rough ground; this has been effected in landing.\n\nExisting Works.\n\nThe present works have been altered, but are weak and having only M.L. Guns; an enemy's ships could, with little risk to themselves, ...\n\nPage 13.\n\n \n(Three lines at the bottom are kept as is, assuming they are part of the page numbering or other metadata, but since the exact lines are not provided, they are not included here.)",
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    {
        "id": 335404,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "page_number": 20,
        "title": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "content_text": "Sir,\n\nConfidants\n\ntu 20/10.\n\n1844 Welland\n\nassed the\n\nraft (in nutes)\n\n2\n\nChann\n\ndirective by\n\nfaire now.\n\nthe Sof Ipn un\n\nJS\n\n87\n\nI drawur\n\nColonies to request that the attention of the Lords of the Admiralty may be drawn to the following sumartes\n\nou\n\ncuttin mather\n\nin relation to the defences of Hong Kong\n\n...\n\n18\n\nrepred to in a letter from Morant of this 22th Feby Land abide pr\n\napy quticle was sucloned in your letter of the 20th,\n\nFurther crime moines defines apulli\n\n2.\n\nZ\n\n07\n\nKo\n\nUgad\n\nto the\n\nWestern Channel, which it is stated\n\nwould require\n\n\"marettes\"\n\nto lay down,\n\nHolland is informed that the force of\n\nfor H.\n\n10763) n\n\nats\n\nminkes at the station has recently been\n\nfortnight would be a\n\nthe time memory 7\n\na\n\nThe Estimate\n\ndoubled and that\n\nliberal day\n\nto complete this portion of the defences. Further, it appears that in 3 days\n\nJasn\n\na\n\nfamilhaber\n\nprotection could be provided such that no small force could quarrel. 3. Sir H. Holland fully\n\nCur curr\n\nin the suggestion\n\nthat it\n\nwelay\n\nbe practicable to arm the local steam launches\n\nto account I similar veits\n\ndun to paint and,\n\nfor disuntin fempores. however, the advisability of\n\nwas\n\nsuch\n\ncranky pointed out in the comments\n\nfour added to\n\nIn this\n\nto form\n\nL KAR LLBAK\n\nin common with the Inversions of other Crowe foton\n\nthe Government\n\nMemor and\n\nL\n\nI thing Rang\n\nway wishucted Hi Gorman local cermitte to prepare a\n\nscheme of defence, of which the utilization of\n\nlocal vessels.\n\nfornece\n\n4.\n\nL\n\nparat.\n\nh\n\nmorant draw attention to the ease with which legunt puuringent lasten \"to the top of any of\n\nthe hills, which\n\nNovember.\n\nCommand the panes & town: Which, bir H. Holes\n\nprobably band\n\nis infaned, sound is purtably\n\nthat a company with\n\nafeen the fact\n\n2-7 for games\n\nLight\n\nCandid\n\nat Shuthing\n\nthead and ascunded mount Davis in 1 1/2 hours. It was thurially admitted\n\nkmorowe,",
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    {
        "id": 335714,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "page_number": 330,
        "title": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "content_text": "## All these missionaries are Frenchmen, and more French than missionary, having, to a man, the views of Bishop Penginier, of Tonquin. There are somewhere about 150,000 Chinese converts.\n\nNow that the Chinese are awake to the danger that threatened them from the intrigues of the French priests, there is no reason, I believe, to apprehend any harm to British interests from their efforts, especially while there is such a bad understanding between the French officials and the priests. The converts are a scattered body, who would be promptly massacred, as they were the other day in Annam, if they tried to assist the French. On the contrary, by breaking up the population and introducing, to some extent, foreign knowledge and ideas, they prepare the ground for the pioneers of British commerce.\n\nWith regard to the military aspect of the Tonquin question, the reverses suffered by the French have done grave damage to French influence in South-west China, and, in a lesser degree, to the prestige of the other Occidental Powers. The recent disturbances at Ch'ung-king and in Kuei-chou were, without doubt, due in part to this cause; the leaders in these riots were military students, up from the country for examination, stuffed with a hundred lying tales of Chinese successes against the French—tales which would not, however, have gone down had there not been real successes to base them on. From what I saw and heard on the Tonquin border, I believe that the talk about a Chinese military revival is a darkening of counsel—words without knowledge. Chinese are no more able to stand up before European troops, properly led, than they were in 1842 or 1860. The only difference is, that they are now sometimes well armed. I heard an account of the Lung-chou engagement from two braves, engaged there, who journeyed two days with me on the way to their homes in Kuei-chou. The French marched into the midst of a body of 50,000 men, armed with repeating rifles and abundant ammunition (in spite of Chang Chih-tung's statement to the contrary in his Memorial). They said: \"We were ordered to fire all day and all night; the French said it was not fair, as they had no time to sleep or eat.\" The lesson to be learnt from the Tonquin war is to strike quickly if it is necessary to strike at all. The Chinese can make good plans, and carry them out with much determination, but they are never ready, and require a comparatively long time to consult and prepare. No time should be given then.\n\n## Burmah\n\nThe Yünnan officials treated me with marked politeness, and the mediation of Sir R. Hart was frequently mentioned in flattering terms; nevertheless, there was much uneasiness about Burmah: all inquired what we were going to do there, and preparations were made for defence on the Burmese frontier, General Ting, with 5,000 men, being sent from Kai-hua Fu to Têng-yueh in January 1886, and T'ang Taotai being sent from Yunnan Fu in February to superintend the defence of the border. This meant, no doubt, intriguing against the semi-independent tribes south of Têng-yueh to secure their hostility to England. At Ssu-mao, where I stayed eleven days and became intimate with the officials, steps were being taken to put the frontier into a state of defence; besides the right wing of the P'u-êrh Brigade, which should number about 500 men, and which has its permanent quarters at Ssu-mao, an auxiliary force was being enlisted for the defence of this part of the frontier, the officer in command of which, with 200 men, arrived from the Tonquin border a few days before I did. The Magistrate, who was a protégé and a fellow-provincial of the Governor-General Ts'ên, told me that he had recently received instructions to repair the wall of the town and to have a Map of the neighbourhood constructed; he said that the reason for strengthening the garrison was the confusion that reigned in the Ch'ê-li territory.\n\nThe Chinese Government wields little real power south of Ssu-mao, and contents itself with keeping up the prestige of its authority by an occasional act of treacherous violence. Thus in 1884 Ma Chung, the General at Pu-erh, engaged a Mahommedan, also named Ma, to assassinate the Ch'ê-li Prince (called Chiu-lung Wang by the Burmese). The man sent was a friend of the Wang—more, they had exchanged tieh-tzu, i.e., were sworn brothers—or he would not have obtained admittance, the Wang being extremely wary. He was to receive 1,000 taels and a place for his pains, but he caught malarial fever on the Mekong, and only returned to die, as he deserved. In the same year the Shan Chieftain of Liu-k'un was invited to dinner at Ssŭ-mao by the same officer to discuss local affairs, and taken straight out to the market-place and beheaded. I was told in Ssu-mao by several merchants that these acts had greatly disgusted the Shans, and had consequently damaged trade at Ssu-mao.\n\nInquiries along the route showed that the Shan family is a very widely divided one. From Ssu-mao, along the Tonquin border, Shans, under various names, occupy everywhere the lower lands. The whole population of Northern Kwang-si is Shan, and they stretch in large communities, e.g., Shui-chia, Chung-chia, &c., as far north as Kuei-yang Fu, the capital of Kuei-chou. The country between Ava and Ssŭ-mao is probably the home of this race, migration having been apparently from the south; the Shans in Kuei-chou migrated there from Kwang-si in the beginning of the 18th century only. They are indefatigable nature-worshippers in China, and generous supporters of Buddhism and Burmese priests in the Shan States, so that there should be a likely field for English missionaries among them on both sides of the border.\n\nThe Chinese frontier will be found figured in the last edition (1836) of the \"Topography of the Yunnan Province\", and perhaps a frontier running through the passes there named would be all that Her Majesty's Government would claim. But the Topography mentions a number of small clans or places south of this line to which garrisons are said once to have been sent by China, &c. The Topography would have therefore to be carefully studied before it could be suggested as a basis of arrangement.\n\nWith regard to the opening up of commercial relations between Burmah and Yünnan, I have shown in my Report that even at present Burmese cotton comes as far east as Yunnan Fu, and that in spite of bad roads, Western Yunnan will certainly be supplied with foreign goods from Burmah when the route is open.\n\nWestern Yunnan is much richer than the eastern part of the province bordering on Tonquin, and is being filled up more quickly, and by a more vigorous race (Ssu-chuanese), and a very profitable trade will no doubt spring up; but the idea of a route through Yunnan competing with the lower Yang-tzŭ ports is chimerical, to use a mild term. How far the area supplied from Burmah may encroach on the areas that now are, or ought to be, supplied from Canton, Tonquin, and Sui Fu (above Chungking on the Yang-tzŭ), depends on the success of our diplomacy, and on the skill with which our interests may be pushed with the Yünnan Government.\n\nWith regard to the regulation of the frontier trade, there should be the least possible restriction as to what persons or what goods cross the frontier, and in what manner they do so. Perhaps it will be found advisable to promise with regard to smuggling, for it is a wholesome check on greedy Customs officials, and is favoured by the ground and the traditions of the people.\n\nI would beg to suggest that the future of agriculture and manufactures in Burmah should not be forgotten. The nature of the ground—Yunnan being an elevated plateau 4,000 to 8,000 feet above the sea, and Burmah a broken plain with an altitude for the most part of a few hundred feet only—involves a great difference of climate and production. Yünnan will not grow cotton, tobacco, or tea, for instance, necessities to Chinese, in the production of which there may be a great future for planters in Burmah. Tobacco comes at present from Ssu-chuan and the Kwang provinces, and tea from the Shan States outside Ssu-mao, but the supply of the latter is insufficient even at present, and the people in South Yünnan drink all sorts of decoctions in its stead. Salt is produced in many parts of Yunnan, but the supply is insufficient, and there should be an increasing import from Bhamo as the western parts of the province fill up.\n\nThe Report of a six months' journey in Yünnan and Kuei-chou would be incomplete without some mention of the Governor-General, Ts'ên Yü-ying, who has long been, and no doubt will remain, the right arm of the Chinese Government in these parts. He is a Shan of the Pu-man family, born at Hsi-liu Hsien in Northern Kwang-si, where the borders of Yünnan, Kuei-chou, and Kwang-si meet. He has been engaged in fighting all his life, having had to fly from home when a youth because of a clan quarrel about which he was wanted, and having fought through the twenty years of Mahommedan and Miao-tzŭ rebellion. He is superstitious and cruel, bloodthirsty many say, but a strong ruler, and, for an Oriental, thorough in all that he does. There is no man in China who is so feared by officials and people under him, and his presence is the best security for the peace of that province. He is supposed to hate foreigners, and is generally accredited with the murder of Margary and the ...\n\nPage 330  \nPage 331",
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        "id": 344425,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "page_number": 423,
        "title": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "content_text": "affairs. The danger is probably less real than apparent; and an early end to this period at which China can effectively act against Western powers is conceivable.\n\nWhen she can, we shall hold Hong Kong.\n\nConceivable additions to its fortifications and its garrison will make the place worth more as a naval base if sincerely supported by the military officer in command.\n\nTotal Estimated Population of Hong Kong:\n\nabout 216,000\n\n  \n    3300\n    English including Army, Navy and Mercantile\n  \n  \n    5000\n    Portuguese\n  \n  \n    200\n    Germans and other Non-British subjects\n  \n  \n    \n    including Armenians etc.\n  \n  \n    about 200,000\n    Coloured\n  \n  \n    3000-4000\n    Malays, Indian Lascars, Javanese, Siamese etc.\n  \n  \n    205,000\n    Chinese\n  \n\nThere is no record of how many of the Coloured Population are British Subjects, except the few that have been naturalized by special ordinances.\n\n420",
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    {
        "id": 345280,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-249 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 389,
        "title": "CO129-249 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "and Drainage Department during the year 1890.\n\nIt is most satisfactory to note the large amount of important work which the Department has been able to accomplish.\n\nI have the honour to be, My Lord, Your Lordship's Most Obedient Humble Servant,\n\nEnclosure.\n\n385 4 No. 91. The Honourable HONGKONG.\n\nREPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF WORKS CONNECTED WITH WATER AND DRAINAGE DEPARTMENT.\n\nPresented to the Legislative Council, by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 19th March, 1891.\n\nTHE WATER AND DRAINAGE Department, RESIDENT ENGINEER'S OFFICE, HONGKONG, 7th February, 1891.\n\nI have the honour to forward you the following report on the condition of the works in charge of this Department, and the progress of the new works that have been in course of construction during the past year.\n\nEXISTING WORKS.\n\nTylam and Pokfulam Reservoirs. The Tytam and Pokfulam Reservoirs have been maintained in a satisfactory state of repair without any extraordinary expenditure.\n\nThe only work calling for special mention being the diversion of the stream at the north end of the Pokfulam Reservoir by means of a 12-inch pipe laid along the western side of the reservoir.\n\nBy means of this bye-pass water very much freer of deposit can be delivered to the City during the greater part of the summer than hitherto, the result being a better quality of water if supplied to the districts at present unsupplied with filtered water, and a greater economy is effected in the maintenance of the filter-beds connected with the Pokfulam Works, the cost of maintenance to a large extent depending on the quantity of matters held in suspension which have to be removed by the process of filtration.\n\nTytam Filter-Beds.-The Tytam Filter-Beds have been in constant use throughout the year. During the early part of the year a portion of the coarse sand forming the filtering material was removed to a depth of one foot six inches, and replaced by sand of much finer quality, and gauge wells constructed in each of the beds to admit of accurately determining the quantity of water filtered by each bed.\n\nSince the first of November I have had a daily record kept of the quantity of water passing through the filters, and find that during the month of November the quantity filtered was 61,298,000 gallons, giving an average rate of filtration-allowing for one bed always being out of use-of 745 gallons per 24 hours per square yard of filter area. The filters required cleaning once in 16 days.\n\nDuring the month of December the total quantity filtered was 64,284,000 gallons, giving an average rate of filtration of 754 gallons per 24 hours per square yard of filter area. The filters required cleaning once in 21 days.\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-249 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [1-5].txt",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-251 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [9-11]",
        "page_number": 540,
        "title": "CO129-251 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [9-11]",
        "content_text": "## REPORT OF THE ACTING SUPERINTENDENT OF FIRE BRIGADE FOR 1890\n\nLaid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, on the 9th November, 1891.\n\n### No. 16.\n\nFIRE BRIGADE Office, HONGKONG, 27th October, 1891.\n\nSir, I have the honour to submit the following report on the Government Fire Brigade for the year 1890, called for in your C.S.O. No. 2469 of the 24th instant.\n\n1. The Superintendent of the Brigade, (**Honourable H. E. WODEHOUSE, C.M.G.**) was in command during the whole of the year, with the exception of a few days (25th March to 3rd April) when he was granted sick leave.\n\n2. During the year there were 124 fires and alarms of fire as compared with 98 during the previous year.\n\n3. The following table shows the number of fires at which the Brigade has been engaged each year, during the last ten years.\n\n| Year | Number of Fires |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1890 | 124 |\n| 1889 | 98 |\n| 1888 | 116 |\n| 1887 | 45 |\n| 1886 | 35 |\n| 1885 | 21 |\n| 1884 | 11 |\n| 1883 | 18 |\n| 1882 | 31 |\n| 1881 | 8 |\n\n4. The great decrease in the number of fires, during the last two years, may, I think, be attributed entirely to the greater caution on the part of the Fire Insurance Companies in the issue of Fire Policies, and to the effect of the Fire Enquiry Ordinance (No. 23 of `1888`).\n\n5. During the year there were eleven Fire Enquiries held under the provisions of this Ordinance, with a result that in two cases, prosecutions were instituted. Both cases were committed for trial at the Criminal Sessions of the Supreme Court. In one case the defendant was tried and acquitted, and in the other a nolle prosequi was entered.\n\n6. Unfortunately, in two cases during the year, the fire has been attended with loss of life.\n\n(a) In the first case, a very old woman, who was blind, was burned to death in a cabin of a trading junk, in the Harbour.\n\n(b) In the other, two men who had escaped from the burning building, entered it again in search of some property, when their escape was cut off through the staircase having caught fire.\n\n7. There has been a great improvement in the arrangements for the supply of fresh water for fire extinguishing purposes, but much still remains to be done, more particularly in the Western District. The Fire Despatch boxes introduced last year by Mr. WODEHOUSE have been found to be very handy, and no doubt will prove very useful.\n\n8. No change was made in the numerical strength of the Brigade, during the year.\n\n9. No accident occurred to any member of the Brigade while engaged at a fire.\n\n10. Early in the year the Brigade lost the valuable services of Mr. WAGNER, the Engineer, who, I regret to say, died after only a few days' illness. He had been attached to the Brigade four years and had proved a very efficient officer. The vacancy was filled by the appointment of Mr. KINGHORN to the post.\n\n11. I enclose Mr. KINGHORN's report on the state of the Engines. They have been kept in excellent order by Mr. CAMPBELL, the Assistant Engineer, under Mr. KINGHORN's supervision. I cannot recommend the purchase of a land steamer to replace the No. 2, but I am strongly of opinion that the question of providing a second floating fire engine should receive the early attention of the Government.\n\n12. I also enclose a return of fires and alarms of fire during the year.\n\n13. The Chinese Volunteer Brigades are entitled to our thanks for their assistance at the different fires, and it gives me pleasure to testify to the creditable manner in which the members of the Government Brigade have performed their duties.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour most obedient Servant,\n**GEO. HORSPOOL**, Acting Supt., Fire Brigade.\n\nThe Honourable W. MEIN GOODMAN,\nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\nPage 540\nPage 541",
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        "id": 352626,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 218,
        "title": "CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "Enclosure 1.\n\n216A\n\nK\n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION--No. 379.\n\nThe following preliminary report received from the Director of Public Works is published.\n\nBy Command,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 19th October, 1893.\n\nNo. 1,077.\n\nG. T. M. O'BRIEN, Colonial Secretary.\n\nPUBLIC WORKS OFFICE, HONGKONG, 16th October, 1893.\n\nS.--I have the honour, after visiting the Gap Rock in company with Captain RUMSEY, R.N., the Harbour Master, on the 11th instant, to report that from the information obtained from the light-keepers and from personal inspection it appears that during the gale that passed over the Rock on the 1st and 2nd instant the works in connection with the Lighthouse were damaged in the following particulars, viz.\n\nFour panels of lantern glazing (an inch thick) on the east side were broken, mean height above sea level 140 feet.\n\nThree centre lenses of dioptric apparatus broken and one damaged,\n\nOne upper panel of prisms broken and others slightly damaged.\n\nThree bottom panels of prisms slightly damaged and Burner bent.\n\nSix brackets carrying gallery round lantern and 3 gallery plates and portion of hand rail broken. Lower portion of lightning conductor carried away.\n\nOne panel in door of service room situated in tower below light room was broken to allow the water which entered the Tower through the damaged lantern to escape.\n\nThe eastern window of oil room in tower 106 feet above mean sea level was knocked in, this window was secured to masonry by four screw bolts screwed into cast iron sockets built into masonry. Two small windows on staircase gangway from lower building to Tower and Lightkeeper's Quarters broken, level above mean sea level 100 feet.\n\nOn the upper floor of the lower building 95 feet above mean sea level windows in bathroom and Chinese quarters facing north and east respectively broken.\n\nOn ground floor of lower building level 84 feet above mean sea level window of Telegraph Office facing east and entrance door facing north broken, the typhoon bar of the latter, dimensions 3′.0\" × 3 × 24\", being broken in two at centre.\n\nBoiler house door 75 feet above mean sea level broken.\n\nThe railing along the eastern side of the embankment leading from Tower to landing was bent level with the ground. The railing along the path down the western side of the Rock and the derrick used for landing situated a few feet above mean sea level were carried away.\n\nThe old water tank situated near the north end of the embankment which had been converted into a hen house was carried away.\n\nThe door of the pump house and some thirty feet of piping situated on the west side of the Rock a few feet above mean sea level were carried away.\n\nWith the exception of the old water tank which had been converted into a hen house and five of the coping stones and masonry chimney of the lower building, the masonry work has not apparently suffered.\n\nThe internal fittings, and crockery in the Lightkeepers' Quarters suffered to some extent owing to the water which found its way into the buildings through the broken lantern, windows and door.\n\nThe short length of land wire in connection with the telegraph was displaced.\n\nThe salt water carried on to the roofs found its way by means of the down pipes into the fresh water tank.\n\nTEMPORARY ARRANGEMENTS,\n\n2. The Harbour Master informs me that the Lightkeepers fitted storm glasses in the lantern and The windows exhibited two lighted oil lamps in the Tower on the night of the 3rd, which are still in use.\n\nin the Chinese Quarters and telegraph room have been boarded up and the telegraph land line repaired.\n\n3. I regret that I have no evidence to enable me to state definitely the immediate cause of the lantern glazing giving way which led to the damage of the dioptric apparatus.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nThe Honourable\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY.\n\nSir,\n\nYour most obedient Servant,\n\nFRANCIS A. COOPER,\n\nDirector of Public Works.",
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        "id": 352887,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 479,
        "title": "CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "I participated in the enjoyment of this, the greatest day of my life. But, sir, it is to you that I am indebted for the honour, because it is you who has recommended it, and I believe that by performing this ceremony you have not only conferred an honour on us but conferred an everlasting favour on the colony, because by this function which you have performed you will stimulate others—men of means—to come forward and do good to the colony. We require several buildings of this kind to be erected in this place in order to decorate and embellish this one island home. I again repeat, sir, that by conferring this honour on me you have conferred an everlasting blessing on the colony and its inhabitants. (Cheers.) Your Excellency, I think that great credit is due to Dr. Eitel, the Inspector of Schools, for initiating the work of female education in this Colony and for inducing the Government to establish the school for girls which will now be domiciled in this building. I am persuaded that we shall confer on the next generation of colonists through this school greater and more permeating benefits than can possibly accrue to them through any college for boys existing in the city.\n\nOne of our sages, the wise King Solomon, has told us in Scripture, in Proverbs, 10th chap., 1st verse, that \"a wise son maketh a glad father; but a foolish son is the heaviness of his mother.\" As you are all aware, the characters and dispositions of children are formed and modelled in the home circle, of which the mother is or should be the presiding genius. It is her gentle precepts and refining influence that give the tone in all his after life to the son before he goes forth into the world. If the mother has not enjoyed the advantages of education this softening, this refining influence is absent; the son instead of gladdening his father's heart! runs wild, is neglected, grows up rude and idle and unrestrained, unfitted to take his part in society and ready to acquire all the faults and vices an ill-regulated and coarse mind adopts with natural facility. The result is misery in the home: the disappointed mother reproaches herself for having brought into the world a foolish and an unworthy son; the father laments over the destruction of his hope because his son will no longer carry on his labours or perpetuate his name with honour.\n\nUnless therefore we have educated mothers we cannot expect to see wise, virtuous, and learned sons grow up to extend and develop the progress of civilization and the growth of science and truth. Consequently it is of paramount importance to the state and to society that the future mothers of our races should be educated so that their sons may be fitted to carry on the trust committed to them. The scholars of this school, girls to-day, will be women shortly and in turn mothers of families; through them and through all those who are educated in this school in years to come we hope to disseminate knowledge and imbue with refined ideas hosts of men and women in this island. Let us make Hongkong the Oxford and Cambridge of China, the seat of learning for the vast empire on whose fringe we stand. Let us send forth highly-educated men and women to overrun this empire. Instead of maintaining in this part of the world a great navy and a strong military force let us curtail and reduce them, and the funds thus saved let us devote to the upkeep of schools to educate the Chinese.\n\nInstead of opening up the country by force of arms to our commerce, our industries, and our manufactures, let us endeavour to create an amicable link between China and the West by sending forth educated Chinese into the empire from this tiny dot on her coast. Men and women taught to think and act as we do scattered over China would leaven the mass, and the people, taught by gratitude, would learn to think well of the British nation, be eager to welcome commerce with us, and ready to exchange ideas as well as goods. And all this by pacific means! In furtherance of such a cause I would grudge no extra expense this school may entail on the colony; on the contrary, I shall be prepared to join in a vote for any additional expenditure that may be proposed by Government for the purpose of educating the Chinese.\n\nConsidering the progress the school has made during the past year, I believe that ere long we shall find it as popular among the Chinese as Victoria College has proved, and that, as in the case of that establishment, the applications for admittance will exceed the accommodation at our disposal. There is another and a very important point in connection with the education of girls in this colony I should like to touch upon. It must never be lost sight of that the position of woman in China is at present a degraded one. She is regarded as an inferior being in most ranks of life, and in the lowest is too often a mere beast of burden, treated little better than are the Red Indian squaws. Education will do very much to rectify this injustice, by raising the status of women and placing the mother on a level with the stronger sex.\n\nIt will also, I hope, in the course of time lead to the extinction of women slavery and all its horrors in China. As one means towards so humane and beneficent an end, I trust this movement for the better education of Chinese girls in Hongkong will command the universal support of all classes of the community. Your Excellency, I am glad to note that the learning of Chinese is optional in this school. I hope the same system will soon be adopted in all the public schools of the colony.\n\nSome twelve years ago the then Governor appointed a Commission to inquire as to whether or not it would be advisable to abolish the teaching of Chinese in our schools. I had the honour to be a member of that Commission, but unfortunately for the question under discussion the Chairman presiding was biased from the commencement in favour of instruction in Chinese, and he succeeded in converting almost all my colleagues to his views. It was uphill work therefore for me, but with a good deal of persuasion I got the Commission to modify their decision, with the result that we recommended that the four hours then devoted to Chinese should be reduced to two and a half per day.\n\nNow I go further than that. Seeing that it requires pretty nearly a lifetime to acquire a thorough knowledge of Chinese, and that the majority of the parents wish their children to learn English only, bearing in mind that two hours and a half is insufficient time for the purpose, and is therefore wasted in attempting its acquisition, and remembering how much can be done in learning English in the time, it will, I maintain, be advisable to abolish the teaching of Chinese in our schools. Chinese youths attending our schools can readily acquire a sufficient knowledge of their own language in their homes after they have completed their English education. One is never too old for the pursuit of learning, and in China do we not hear authenticated cases of nonogenarians going up to the literary examination to compete for the much coveted degree?\n\nI believe, sir, that if another Commission were appointed to consider the question I have referred to, after the experience we have had of the failure of the system in vogue, its verdict would be adverse to the one recorded by the last Education Commission, and that there would be little opposition to the abandonment of the study of Chinese in our schools. By imparting a sound knowledge of English to an ever-increasing number of Chinese on this island who will subsequently leave for different parts of the neighbouring empire, we shall be taking the very best means to promote by their instrumentality a truer knowledge of our civilization, our aims and hopes, to the end that erroneous notions often attended with mischievous results concerning Western nations will be dissipated, and the foundation laid of a good mutual understanding.\n\nIn this way really friendly relations between England and China will be established and all causes of dispute avoided, paving the way for the peaceful advance of China in a yet higher civilization than that which it has for ages enjoyed. (Cheers). With these remarks I have much pleasure in handing your Excellency the keys of the building, and I beg to request you kindly to walk up and open the edifice, and to allow the several classes of students standing here to go in and occupy their respective school-rooms. (Cheers.)\n\nCheers were given for H.E. Sir William and Lady Robinson and for Hon E. R. Belilios.\n\nThe company then, led by His Excellency, entered the classrooms and the pupils took their seats at their desks, on each of which was an orange and apple and some bonbons. A little scholar handed Lady Robinson a choice bouquet amid applause.\n\nLady Robinson, in reply, said—Ladies and gentlemen, you may think it presumptuous on my part to speak after the Governor and Mr. Belilios and Dr. Eitel, but I think you will consider my presumption less than it appears at first sight when you hear that my words are supposed to be addressed only to the girls, many of whom are my old friends. You have heard from the Governor and Dr. Eitel how much the Colony owes to Mr. Belilios, and how much more the debt has been increased by the bestowal, this afternoon, of this building.",
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    {
        "id": 353862,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-262 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1894 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 252,
        "title": "CO129-262 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1894 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.--No. 25.\n\nThe following is published.\n\nBy Command,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 17th January, 1894.\n\nNo. 961\n\nRECO C:0. 248 3409\n\nRaf 24 FEE 94\n\nG. T. M. O'BRIEN, Colonial Secretary,\n\n\"IMPÉRIEUSE AT HONGKONG,\n\n6th January, 1894.\n\nSt.-I have the honour to forward herewith, for your Excellency's information, reports from Captain BURR, of Her Majesty's Ship Porpoise on his visit to the Pescadores,\n\n2. The negative of the photograph of the monument and graves on Sand Island to which allusion is made by Captain BURR in his letter is in the hands of Mr. TERA of Hongkong, who is I understand prepared to sell copies to any who may be desirous of purchasing them.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nHis Excellency Sir,\n\nYour Excellency's obedient Servant,\n\nE. R. FREMANTLE, Vice-Admiral.\n\nSIR WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,\n\nGovernor,\n\nHONGKONG.\n\nVisit to Sand Island, Pescadores, by H.M.S. \"Porpoise.\"\n\nHer Majesty's Ship Porpoise arrived off the Western side of Sand Island on 31st December, 1893, at 7 A.M., a fresh breeze blowing at the time which made communication difficult.\n\n2. A working party in charge of an Officer was at once sent on shore with appliances for bringing off the \"skid\" which was left by H.M.S. Mercury, but nothing of the kind was to be found, although the whole island underwent the most careful search by the party who landed; it is presumed that Chinese fishermen must have broken it up and carried it away for firewood. Two Chinese fishermen however were found living in a small hut on the island and though the skid was described to them they denied any knowledge of having seen it.\n\n3. I inspected the graves and found them all in good order and quite untouched by any marauding Chinese or fisherman and nothing required doing to them excepting perhaps substantial crosses fixed over the grave mounds to make the respective places more prominent. The two fishermen already alluded to explained, through an interpreter, that there was no fear of anyone molesting the graves or obelisk.\n\n4. I walked around every part of the island and saw nothing further of interest. The obelisk appears firmly planted on the top of the Northern hill and can be seen a long distance, in fact in clear weather it can be made out from the lighthouse, a distance of 10 miles, the keeper informing me he had often made it out.\n\nThe words on the obelisk are as follows:-\n\nErected by the residents of Hongkong in memory of those who perished in the wreck of\n\n\"the S.S. Bokhara on the 10th October, 1892.\"\n\nI was somewhat surprised to find that the names of the Europeans who were lost on this sad occasion were omitted.\n\n5. Mr. B. WATKINS, Engineer of this ship, accompanied me on shore and various photographic views of the obelisk and scene of the disaster were taken, which will be duly forwarded when they are completed.\n\n6. I think we were fortunate in successfully landing. The Sampson was employed on the wreck of the Bokhara from October, 1892, to May, 1893, during which time she had only 16 working days, which shows how rare occasions are on which a landing on Sand, and neighbouring islands, can be effected during the N.E. monsoon, which wind prevails at the Pescadores 9 months out of the year.\n\n7. There is nothing left to be seen of the Bokhara above water, but I am informed in calm weather the boilers and engines can be distinctly made out at the bottom in about eight fathoms. I went to look at the place where she was wrecked, but in consequence of the heavy surf could not get close enough to see for myself.\n\n8. H.M.S. Porpoise, having performed the duties on which she was sent, left Sand Island on 31st December, 1893, at 9.30 A.M. and arrived at Hongkong on the 1st January, 1894.\n\n(Signed), J. LESLIE BURR,\n\nCommander.\n\nH.M.S. Porpoise, 1st January, 1894.",
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    {
        "id": 357893,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11]",
        "page_number": 58,
        "title": "CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11]",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure !.\n\nNo. 2 \n\n26 95 56\n\nwill undoubtedly involve a large outlay, but if \"Hongkong is to continue to prosper, I am of opinion that neither effort nor expenditure should be spared to render it as little liable as possible to visitation of disease such as it experienced last year.\n\nI have the honour to be,  \nSir,  \nYour most Obedient Humble Servant,  \nWilliam Robinzoy\n\n1  \n**HONGKONG.**  \n**SANITARY SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1894**  \nLaid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.  \nC.C 13777  \n**RESP**  \n(REG 8 AUG 95)  \nSANITARY BOARD ROOM, HONGKONG, 31st March, 1895.\n\nGENTLEMEN, --I have the honour to submit this the sixth Annual Report concerning the work done by the Sanitary Department during the year 1894.\n\n### DRAINAGE WORKS\n\nIn addition to the work carried out by property owners of their own initiative, a considerable number of houses, which were found on inspection to be in an insanitary condition, have been re-drained at the request of the Board.\n\nI append a tabular statement (A) showing—\n1. The locality in which the houses so found to be insanitary are situated.\n2. The number of houses so found in each such locality.\n3. The houses so found for which plans for their re-drainage have been submitted.\n4. The houses so found at which the work of re-drainage has been completed.\n\nIt is satisfactory to note that steady progress is being made in the re-drainage of Victoria. When the general inspection of all the house drains in the city, which began in December, is completed; and if the owners of such houses as are defectively drained are compelled to execute the work of re-draining their insanitary properties within a reasonable time, a much needed improvement in the sanitary condition of the town will be the result.\n\nA considerable number of complaints regarding the choking of the new pipe drains continue to come in. In almost every instance the choking of the drain is caused by its misuse through gross carelessness on the part of servants. Very frequently the gratings over the inlets to the waste-pipes and drains are either removed or so destroyed as to be of very little use in keeping solids of any size out of the drains. I am quite satisfied that in a number of cases the choking of the drains is done maliciously either out of spite to the landlord or to the Board. To some Chinese minds such malicious action seems to give infinite pleasure, while from their point of view it goes a long way to prove their silly contention that a water-tight house drain is not suited to their manner of living. With the old form of blue brick drain, such blockage simply converted the drain into an elongated porous cess-pool from which the sewage soaked into the surrounding ground on which the dwelling stood. The evil results to the public health, which are almost certain to arise from such sewage-polluted foundations, are well known and require no comment.\n\nA few householders actually carefully seal the fresh air inlet to the house drains by fitting a piece of white iron under the gratings. However, when the Inspectors point out the folly of such action and explain the object of the inlet, in most cases the tin-plate is removed and is not again put on.\n\n### MARKETS AND SLAUGHTER-HOUSES\n\nThe fine new Slaughter-house at Kennedytown was ready for occupation at the end of the year, but it was deemed expedient to allow the contractor for 1894 to finish his contract in the old Slaughter-house and get the contractor for 1895 to begin in the new Slaughter-house; and this was done.\n\nThe new market for sheep and swine was practically completed by the end of the year, but it is not yet occupied. The completion of this market will enable the Board to abolish the very insanitary places in which sheep and swine have so long been housed for sale in the western district of Victoria. This will not only be a decided sanitary improvement but it will tend greatly to alleviate the cruel treatment to which both sheep and swine have been so long subjected while being kept for sale in those so-called sheep and swine pens.\n\nThe splendid new Central Market is approaching completion, and will soon be ready for occupation. 21 sheds capable of housing 699 head of cattle, 3 sheds capable of housing 137 head of goats, and 510 pens capable of housing 3,542 head of swine were duly licensed during the year. So far as the housing of cattle and goats is concerned, things are in the main in a satisfactory state, but there is still a good deal of work to be done before the same can be said of the housing of swine, although steady progress is being made.\n\nIn February, an outbreak of pleuro-pneumonia occurred among the herd of cattle at the Dairy Farm Company's premises, Pok-fu-lam. It is a matter for congratulation that practical commonsense and scientific practice went hand in hand in dealing with this outbreak of disease, the result being a saving of a very considerable sum of money to the Colony.\n\nIn April, an outbreak of rinderpest occurred among cattle housed at Wantsai. Twenty-six animals were destroyed. The disease did not spread, the result, no doubt, of the prompt manner in which it was dealt with.",
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        "id": 359038,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]",
        "page_number": 444,
        "title": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]",
        "content_text": "that the deficit is largely due to the action of his countrymen in ousting the islanders from their fisheries. The chief products of Quelpart are, as he observes, ponies, oxen, hides, edible seaweed, awabé, and medicines, particularly a drug called the \"Nu Pak.\" There is no export except to the Corean mainland, the greater part of the hides going to the shoemakers of Seoul. The natives in winter wear, he notes, not only skin coats and hats, but boots and even stockings of skins. Quelpart also produces oranges, and these and its diminutive ponies form its \"local tribute\" to the King. It is said that the arrival of the first consignment of the golden fruit at Seoul, five centuries ago, created such a stir, that the magnates decided to celebrate the occasion in an eminently characteristic way, and hold a quagga (\"Koa-kê\"), or examination. Ever since that day a quagga has taken place at Seoul on the day of the 11th moon, upon which the tribute oranges reach the city.\n\nWhere export trade is so slack, imports are necessarily few. A native broker consulted by the pressmen stated that of the consignment of kerosene he had imported from Fusan he had in three years sold but a hundred tins or so, despite the fact that there are two or three merchants of standing at the city. The population of Chei-ju is set down at 2,000 families; that of the whole island at some 7,000 or 8,000, but these are only approximations.\n\nWe left Chei-ju at noon, and steered due north for the Ping-yang inlet and Chennampo. We arrived off the Sir James Hall group at nightfall of the 23rd, and lay to for a short time, making the mouth of the Ta-dong about 7:30 A.M. on the 24th. At Oripo, which we passed at some distance, were lying one Japanese steamer and the Japanese commissariat steam-launch I had noticed on my previous visit.\n\nWe dropped anchor at Chennampo at 10 o'clock, where we found a transport, the \"Hinode,\" engaged in taking on board the rails which had formed the tramway between that port and Ping-yang. I learnt that the rails, which are of the ordinary portable pattern, were to be shipped to Formosa, and I observed, when I came to land, that they had been taken up as far south as the barracks in the village. The rest of the line from the wooden jetty to the barracks and the creek-head was still in position, and I hope will, with the embankment on which it rests, be permitted to remain for the common benefit of the coming community.\n\nI happened to mention in the hearing of the ship's local agent that I proposed to go ashore. On this he observed that he feared I should be stopped. I naturally asked, by whom? He replied, by the Japanese sentry at the jetty. I might, however, ask for a permit from the Commandant, Major Kaizu. I could not well do that, I answered, as I did not recognize Major Kaizu's right to interfere with my movements on Corean territory. It would be as well, indeed, if the agent were to see that I was not stopped.\n\nIn the afternoon I went on shore, but was in no way interfered with; though, as some justification of the agent's anxiety, there stood at the jetty-head a sentry box and sentry, with a notice, dated the 20th July last, \"Henceforward, landing is prohibited without the permission of the Garrison Commandant.\" I called on Major Kaizu, of whose courtesy and geniality I had heard much from Mr. Osborne, but to my regret found him too ill to receive me.\n\nAll the commissariat stores I had on my earlier visit observed on the reclaimed ground by the jetty had disappeared, and I learnt that the \"Ilyenik\" was to take away some 12,000 bags of rice and over 1,000 boxes of shrimps, which had been disposed of by auction to private Japanese. The store stacks in the village were also greatly diminished, and the very shops (walls, roofs, and all) of most of the local Japanese traders had disappeared. I was told that all their fellows of Ping-yang had come away, fearing trouble after the withdrawal of the garrison, and that those at Oripo and Chennam would shortly follow.\n\nI took the opportunity to make a more extended observation of the surrounding country than had been possible at my earlier visit. The creek, I noticed, was largely availed of despite its narrowness, and the fact that it runs dry at low water. A sloping stone roadway had been constructed at its head, to which the rails of the tramway still lead. On the hill to the north-east the wooden penthouse between the two old trees and the careful terracing were, the natives told me, the work of the Japanese, who had dubbed the place \"Kyoku Oka\" (Sunrise Mount), and had so ticketed it by means of a great wooden slab. To the north of this hill, running up towards the west, is a valley filled with paddy-fields. Along the dyke that divides these from the mudflats runs the yard-wide high road to Ping-yang, occupied until now by the tramway. Beside the road stand eight well-carved stone pillars commemorating the virtues of departed Prefects and Governors, with the usual four-syllabled couplet, into which the Corean condenses his opinion of his officials, good or bad. Behind and beyond the valley lie a succession of hills and dales, the former covered with what is so seldom seen here, veritable copse and spinney.\n\nThe harvest this year promises to be a fine one, whether of rice or of dry-field cereals. The country, at any rate, in August, is undeniably lovely, and the abundance of trees gives it a more home-like appearance. I returned towards the ship by way of the hill at whose foot stands the jetty. This hill, as I have ventured to suggest in my earlier Report, should be included in the future general foreign Settlement, and it would be advisable, I would submit, to come to some understanding as to the protection, as far as possible, of the trees that form its chief beauty. The extreme southern portion of the ridge, as marked off by a path leading to a Japanese sanatorium on its western slope, might be in the first instance quarried for filling in material, and, finally, made over to the Customs. The first portion of the foreshore to be filled in will no doubt be that lying between the tramway embankment, the main creek, and a minor creek running at right angles into the latter some 300 yards above the jetty. Ultimately, the whole foreshore west of the main creek will be reclaimed.\n\nCargo stowing continued throughout the 24th and 25th, and I had a good opportunity of observing the tides. We lay about 150 yards abreast of the jetty, with two anchors down, and banging to our sides were at one time as many as seven lighters. The ebb was very strong, some 5 knots or more at its worst, and one of our anchors \"came home.\" Both, however, held, and we shipped our cargo. Flood tide was quite another matter. For the whole six hours it seemed slack water, the flood rising from the bottom. During flood, indeed, the anchorage abreast of the jetty is an excellent one; for the ebb an equally good anchorage could be found on the other, the southern, side of the river.\n\nWe left Chennampo at 6 A.M. on the 26th, stopping off Oripo to receive and deliver mails. We were boarded there by a Japanese pratique boat, with a medical military officer in command. He did not, however, that I heard of, claim or exercise any authority in respect to us, though there is no doubt that the Japanese commanderies on the Ta-tong, as at Wênsan and to some extent Fusan, have undertaken the enforcement of Quarantine Regulations. There was no time in any case for me to have visited Oripo, which, as seen from the ship, presented much the same appearance as in June, except that the little harbour was now almost empty. We know, from advertisements in the local papers, that the stores here are being sold off, and it is probable that the extensive wooden sheds will shortly also disappear.\n\nThe \"Hyenik\" arrived at Chemulpo on the morning of the 27th.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nW. H. WILKINSON.\n\n## Page 440",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12].txt",
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        "id": 366260,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 116,
        "title": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "## Quarantine Regulations\n\n4. The Quarantine Anchorage shall be within the following boundaries, and the Master of every vessel shall remove his vessel to any part of the Quarantine Anchorage as and when required by the Harbour Master:\n\n- Western Boundary.-A line drawn from the West side of Stone Cutters' Island to the West side of Green Island (on Admiralty Chart marked as Harbour boundary).\n- Southern Boundary.-That part of a line having the Naval Coal Sheds at Kauling bearing E. by S., commencing where it meets the Eastern Boundary, and terminating where it meets the Western boundary.\n- Eastern Boundary.-A South line drawn from a white mark on South side of Stone Cutters' Island until it reaches the Southern boundary.\n- Northern Boundary.-Five fathom line of soundings.\n\n5. The master or other person having the control of any vessel in quarantine shall give the Health Officer or Boarding Officer such information about the vessel and the voyage and the health of the crew and passengers and otherwise as the Health Officer or Boarding Officer may require, and shall answer truly and fully all questions put to him by the Health Officer or Boarding Officer.\n\n6. When any vessel is in quarantine--\n(a) If, in the opinion of the Health Officer, any persons on board are suffering from any infectious or contagious disease they shall be removed to the Hospital ship Hygeia or be otherwise disposed of under his directions.\n(b) Where, in the opinion of the Health Officer, there are any cases he suspects to be cases of infectious or contagious disease on board, the persons suspected shall be detained on board, or otherwise disposed of, under observation, for a period not exceeding 48 hours from the time that the Health Officer completes his examination of the passengers and crew.\n(c) When the examination of the passengers and crew by the Health Officer has been completed, all who appear to him to be free from any infectious or contagious disease may be allowed to land at once.\n\n7. After the passengers and crew have been dealt with as in section 6 the vessel may be released from quarantine by the express written order of the Health Officer, after such precautions by way of burning clothing and fumigating or otherwise, as he may direct, have been carried out.\n\n8. If any vessel in the waters of this Colony is known to have any case of an infectious or contagious disease on board, or is a vessel which in the opinion of the Health Officer ought according to these regulations to be in quarantine, the Health Officer may order such vessel into quarantine, and the master or person in charge of such vessel shall thereupon hoist the Quarantine Flag upon such vessel and remove the vessel to the Quarantine Anchorage, and all the regulations applicable in relation to vessels in quarantine shall apply to such vessel.\n\n9. In case of a death happening on board any vessel in quarantine, or ordered into quarantine, or on board the Hygeia, the body shall be disposed of in such manner as may be ordered by the Health Officer; and the Master of the vessel shall carry out such orders as the Health Officer may give him in relation to the disposal of the body.\n\n10. When any quarantined vessel is in the waters of the Colony, no person shall leave the vessel, or hold communication from the vessel with the shore, or with any other vessel or boat, or take or send any person or thing whatever out of the vessel, until the express written permission of the Health Officer has been communicated to the master or other person having the control of the vessel, and such precautions as the Health Officer may require have been observed.\n\n11. When any vessel is in quarantine, no person other than the Health Officer or persons in his boat shall approach within 30 yards of such vessel, or hold any communication with such vessel or with any person on board of it, or receive, or take any person or thing whatever directly or indirectly from the vessel or from any person on board of it, without having first received the express written permission of the Health Officer, and observing such precautions as the Health Officer may require.\n\n12. ... person placed on board the Hygeia shall leave the same without first receiving the express written permission of the Health Officer, or Medical Officer in charge and observing such precautions as the Health Officer may require. No person other than the Health Officer, or Medical Officer in charge, or persons deputed by them, shall go on board or approach within 30 yards thereof, or hold on with the Hygeia or with any person in it, or receive or take anything directly or indirectly from the Hygeia or from any person in it without having first received the express written permission of the Health Officer, or Medical Officer in charge and observing such precautions as such Officer may require.\n\n14. The Captain Superintendent of Police, and any officers that he may appoint for the purpose of enforcing quarantine, may order any person leaving or coming from any vessel that is in quarantine or from the Hygeia, or taking or sending any person or thing whatever from any such vessel, to remain in or return to and to return such persons or things to their vessel or the Hygeia and may by such necessary force as the case requires compel any person neglecting or refusing to observe such order to obey the same.\n\n15. The above regulations shall not in any way interfere with the internal management of any of Her Majesty's Ships, or of Foreign Ships-of-War, or with their freedom to proceed to sea, whenever the Officer in command may deem such course requisite.\n\n16. Where any breach of any of the above regulations is committed, all the persons existing in any way in the commission of such breach and the master or other person having the control of any vessel or boat on board of which such breach has been committed, or which has been in any way engaged in the commission of such breach shall be severally and jointly answerable for such breach, and shall be deemed guilty of the same. Any costs charged or incurred by the Government for the medical attendance and maintenance of any person, whether on the ship's articles or not, who is removed to the Hygeia or any other hospital or place under sub-sections (a) or (b) of this Regulation shall be paid to the Government by the agent of the vessel from which such person is removed whether such vessel continues in quarantine or not.\n\nCOUNCIL CHAMBER,  \nHONGKONG.",
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        "id": 366414,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 270,
        "title": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "The French fleet now some 48 hours in the Bar d'Along might suddenly appear on the south shore of the island and disembark 5,000 or 6,000 men to rush Hongkong by a _coup de main_ - asserted that the Jamison Thez The Fort was too small to man at the Eastern & Western Entrances to the harbour and at the same time to defend the southern shores of the island They also spoke of the insufficiency of the food supply and being undefended by fortifications\n\nI confined myself in reply to stating - \n(1) It would be very inexpedient for me to discuss with them the scheme for the defence of Hongkong. \n(2) I brought forward that no such hostile fleet with transports carrying troops could be organised or could sail from neighbouring ports without some information of its preparation being telegraphed to us. \n(3) that as long as our navy had the command of these waters in being and our fleet was not temporarily absent, no hostile navy could undertake such a considerable expedition and landing in force in these waters. For at any moment, our fleet might return \n(4) In short, I pointed out that Captain Mahan, on whose book the spokesman had lectured, demonstrated that until our fleet was worsted, no nation could wrest from us our coaling station - Hongkong. In my opinion, all that could happen while our China Fleet was in being was that a raid undertaken by a few fast cruisers was possible, to harass and destroy.\n\nPage 269\nPage 270\nPage 271",
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    {
        "id": 367916,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]",
        "page_number": 325,
        "title": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]",
        "content_text": "# GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.-No. 519\n\nThe following Regulations, made by the Governor in Council regarding Petroleum, are published for general information.\n\nBy Command,\n\n**G. T. M. O'BRIEN**, Colonial Secretary,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 15th December, 1892.\n\n## RULES AND REGULATIONS\n\nIn relation to Petroleum in Bulk, made by the Governor in Council on the 7th day of December, 1892, under the Provisions of the \"Dangerous Goods Ordinance, 1879,\" as amended by Ordinance No. 8 of 1892.\n\n### Definition\n\n1. In these rules the words \"Petroleum in Bulk\" shall mean petroleum and any product of petroleum, other than lubricating oils, in any vessel, tank, compartment, or receptacle having a capacity of 300 gallons and upwards, and the word \"Tank Ship\" shall mean any ship conveying or intended to convey Petroleum in Bulk.\n\n### Flags to be displayed by tank ships\n\n2. Every tank ship arriving at this port having on board Petroleum in Bulk and every ship being about to take on board such petroleum from the licensed premises hereinafter mentioned shall hoist a red flag at her fore-top-gallant-mast-head and at her main-top-gallant-mast-head shall hoist the flags N. Q. D. of the International Code (signifying \"Petroleum Oil\") and shall keep such flags flying during the hours of daylight, whilst any Petroleum is on board and thereafter so long as she shall remain in the waters of the Colony and during the same period every such ship shall by night display 2 red lights vertically in a position where they can be best seen and at a height of not less than 20 feet above the deck. Provided that if the Harbour Master is satisfied that a ship after discharging the Petroleum on board has been thoroughly emptied, cleaned and ventilated he may dispense with the requirements of this rule.\n\n### Lights at night\n\n...\n\n### Position to be taken up by tank ships\n\n3. Every tank ship arriving at this port having on board Petroleum in Bulk shall enter approaching the harbour by the Western entrance and shall take up a position on the South side of Stone Cutters' Island to the West of a line from which the White Rock bears North and to the North of a line having the shears at the Naval Yard at Kowloon bearing East, and she shall not remove from such position without the permission of the Harbour Master.\n\n### No fires, etc. on board tank ships\n\n4. During the time that any tank ship having on board Petroleum in Bulk is within the waters of the Colony no fires or lights except the electric light shall be used on board or in the immediate vicinity of the ship while the tanks or petroleum compartments are open or are discharging or receiving petroleum, or when the hatches are off, and no person on board shall smoke or carry matches. But this regulation shall not be deemed to prohibit engine room fires properly banked up, or galley fires, nor, when the said tanks or compartments are not open or discharging or receiving petroleum, engine room fires, necessary to get up steam to move from the said anchorage to the wharf hereinafter mentioned and back again, or from the wharf to go to sea, or in case of stress of weather; nor when the Master has produced any such certificate and made the declaration mentioned in rule 6, nor when the Government Analyst has given his certificate as hereinafter mentioned, the use of steam to discharge the petroleum on board.\n\n### Tank ships on entering to declare Cargo\n\n5. The Master of every tank ship arriving at this Port and having on board Petroleum in Bulk shall, on entering his vessel inwards and before proceeding to the wharf hereinafter mentioned to discharge any cargo, declare in writing to the Harbour Master :- \n| Declaration | Details |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) | What quantity of petroleum the ship is carrying. |\n| (b) | The number of compartments or tanks in which oil is stored. |\n| (c) | The nature and quality of the oil and whether it is covered by any and what certificate from the port of shipment or any intermediate port of call as to the temperature at which the oil gives off an inflammable vapour. |\n\n### On production of certain certificate discharge may be allowed\n\n6. If the Master of any tank ship produces to the Harbour Master a certificate or certificates under the hand of the Government Analyst or other similar officer of the Government of any British Colony or Possession that the petroleum on board his ship does not give off inflammable vapour at a temperature of less than 73° Fahr. when tested in the manner set forth in Schedule One to \"The Petroleum Act, 1879,\" (42 & 43 Vic. c. 47), and makes a statutory declaration that all the petroleum on board is covered by such certificate or certificates and was part of the petroleum, samples whereof were tested at the port or place named in the certificate, the Harbour Master may give permission for the ship to at once proceed to the wharf hereinafter mentioned and discharge petroleum as hereinafter provided.",
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    {
        "id": 368353,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 174,
        "title": "CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nYesterday a meeting of the Hongkong Legislative Council was held in the Council Chamber at the Government Offices, there being present:\n\nHis EXCELLENCY the **ACTING GOVERNOR**, Major-General BLACK, C. B. (Officer Commanding the Troops).\n\nHon. T. SERCOMBE SMITH (Acting Colonial Secretary).\n\nHon. R. MURRAY RUMSEY (Harbour Master).\n\nHon. F. H. MAY, C.M.G. (Captain Superintendent of Police).\n\nHon. A. M. THOMSON (Acting Colonial Treasurer).\n\nHon. R. D. ORMSBY (Director of Public Works).\n\nHon. C. P. CHATER, C.M.G.\n\nHon. Dr. Ho Kai.\n\nHon. E. R. BELILIOS.\n\nHon. J. J. BELL-IRVING.\n\nHon. WE A. YUK.\n\nMr. J. G. T. BUCKLE (Clerk of Councils).\n\nThis being the Acting Governor's last appearance at the Council meeting, a number of ladies and gentlemen belonging to the outside public attended.\n\n## THE ACTING-GOVERNOR'S FAREWELL\n\nHis Excellency MAJOR GENERAL BLACK, before the commencement of the ordinary business, said: -- All business firms, whether large or small, take stock once a year, and call a momentary halt to see how they stand before girding up their loins for the work of the coming year. Governments, which are but large business firms working for the public weal, in the same way review each year their position, and not only put forward their balance sheet but indicate with modest satisfaction schemes which have run smoothly and well, and gloss over those which, however well laid, though they may have gone agley. I take, then, no unusual course in asking you to listen while I briefly touch upon some of the events which have made the ten months I have had the honour to hold the reins more eventful than many like periods of your past history.\n\nAlthough less severe than in 1894, the Plague has this year claimed 1,163 victims out of 1,320 stricken. Wisely abandoning the too stringent application of Western methods, the Government erected suitable hospital buildings at Kennedytown, placed them in charge of the Tungwa Hospital, and induced the Chinese to carry their sick to that benevolent institution. While deeply deploring the loss by this dread visitation, I am glad to congratulate the medical profession, and the other Government officials whose duty connected them with the suppression of the plague, for the strenuous and unselfish efforts with which they carried out their humane duties. Three of the sisters caught the infection at the post of duty, of whom two died, giving up their lives as nobly as men who die on the field amid the din and excitement of battle. (Applause.)\n\nThe outbreak of war between Spain and America --- two countries in friendly relations with England --- threw on this Government the onerous task of maintaining the laws of neutrality. A little island stored with good coal, and all the munitions of war in great abundance lying off a coast indented with harbours, is naturally a convenient spot where belligerents might replenish their stores of coal and food, and it is a source of satisfaction to this Government that, thanks to the energy and tact with which the officials carried out their duties, the laws of neutrality were strictly enforced, and yet the end of the war found us on as friendly terms with either belligerent as at the beginning. The changes that this war may bring may deeply affect this colony, but they still lie in the future and are not yet within our ken.\n\nA social incident not without its bearing on a great national movement was the arrival in Hongkong of a German Prince charged for the first time with high command in Eastern waters. The Prince of Prussia would have found a welcome for his own sake. Courteous, kind, and capable, yet every inch a Prince, he was welcomed by the whole community of Hongkong, and the English inhabitants did not forget in their welcome that he and his wife are grandchildren of our beloved Queen. (Applause.)\n\nHongkong has long felt the anomaly of its position, with the northern side of its magnificent harbour actually belonging to another power, its forts at the eastern entrance commanded at short rifle range by the Devil's Peak, and the end of its mine fields almost touching the Chinese soil, the Bay of Kowloon within the precincts of its harbour but outside its jurisdiction. In June last, a Convention was signed by which our boundary line is pushed some 13 miles to the north, thus sweeping away these anomalies, giving Hongkong room to expand, and more than all presenting the passing into other hands of the roads of Lantau, and the spacious harbour of Mirs Bay. (Applause.)\n\nMuch interest is naturally felt in Hongkong as to the position of the stations of the Maritime Customs. It seems to me only just and necessary that these should recede with the new boundary --- (Applause) --- for it would be an abdication of sovereignty if a foreign power were allowed to exercise control within British waters. At the same time, I recognise that it is right that we should aid the friendly Government of China in her task of protecting her revenue, made so difficult by the indented nature of the coast line, and to this end, I have suggested that opium should be stored in Government Godowns, and only issued on Government permit.\n\nIn legislation, much useful but unobtrusive work has been done. I may instance --- The Trade Marks Ordinance. The Liquor Licences Ordinance. The Bank Note Ordinance. The increased issue of Bank notes has, from causes well known to you all, been long demanded, and the enlarged circulation is proving a great boon.\n\nThe Queen's Recreation Ground Ordinance is the last in which I have taken a great interest, and I have some right to look upon it as a bantling of my own. The recurrence of the plague has forced on every thinking man the need of letting light and air into the blocks of Chinese houses, which, full of human beings in many cases, literally stand back to back in the City of Victoria, containing rooms into which the sun never enters, and where the fetid air has no motion. Doctors and physic, good though they be by themselves, are powerless to cure, while sun and air are a sure preventive; and great as the task may be of bringing these natural agents into this reeking mass of humanity, their admission must be secured by law. A bill is now before you which I admit does not go far enough, but it will at least be the beginning of a great reform.\n\nMany complaints have been made as to the shortcomings of the Post Office; a great deal of the confusion comes from retrenchment having been carried too far, and from the business having outgrown the building. I have submitted recommendations to the Secretary of State which will, I trust, produce great improvement in the department, in whose well-being every individual is concerned.\n\nNearly allied to the Queen's Recreation Ground is the reservation of the rocky bluff on which stands the boulders called Sung Wang Toi or the \"Watch Towers of the Sung\", which, as far as I can gather, is the only historical monument which links modern history with the old-world time. To make its reservation more certain, I applied to the Secretary of State for leave to bring in a bill to this end, and his permission is now on the sea. I regret that I will not have the pleasure of giving assent to it.\n\nA survey has been made of the Jubilee Road round the Island; it has been traced with gradients easy and offers, in the section between Aberdeen and Deep Water Bay, an important sanitary reform, for part of the scheme is to fill up and turf over the festering inlet to which the leading medical men of the colony point as the source of the malaria which has so long marred the health of Aberdeen and the neighbourhood of Magazine Gap.\n\nI have nothing but the good of the community at heart, and I emphatically state that if you believe medical testimony, it...",
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    {
        "id": 370131,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-289 - Individuals - 1898",
        "page_number": 214,
        "title": "CO129-289 - Individuals - 1898",
        "content_text": "# In\n\n## 209\n\nIn the boundary, running along the crest of the hills, is easy of defence, and would help to check smuggling. It renders unnecessary the separation of villages hitherto united, removes all danger of disputes about water rights, and obviates any interference with the present system of local self-government, on the support of which the success of British administration in the new territory must to a great extent depend.\n\nIt should also be noted that, according to the map attached to the Convention, this places the south-west part of the island of Lafftao outside the area to be leased as the 113° 52′ E. longitude is the western boundary of the new territory. To obviate such an untenable position, 113° 50' E. longitude should be taken as the limit of the western boundary.\n\n## PREVENTION OF SMUGGLING\n\nThe question of smuggling from Hong Kong is one which has given more trouble than almost any other ever since the foundation of the colony. Steps have been taken again and again to prevent smuggling, and to aid China in the collection of its revenue, and all the return the Government of Hong Kong has received from the Chinese for these attempts to assist them has been the establishment of Customs barriers at the creeks to the harbour of Hong Kong (see `Map XI.`), and a watchful patrol of the waters adjacent to the colony by cruisers and launches of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs, ever ready to overhaul the native shipping going to and from Hong Kong. Those who treat the question of smuggling from the Chinese point of view seem to forget what has been done in the past by Hong Kong on behalf of China. They are fond of describing the colony as a centre of smuggling, and drawing very exaggerated pictures of the smuggling operations carried on from there. The accounts of such persons should be largely discounted.\n\nThe whole difficulty lies in the geographical position of the Colony of Hong Kong, which is so situated that smuggling into China may be checked, but can never be altogether prevented. It is obvious that the extension of the colony will not decrease the facilities for smuggling, especially if a mere stream instead of a well-defined range of hills is selected as a boundary.\n\nOpium has always been the chief article smuggled. To prevent the smuggling of it, special legislation has been introduced by the Government of Hong Kong, which has resulted in a considerable decrease of its revenue, whilst China still maintains around Hong Kong a fleet of cruisers and launches.\n\nIf it is considered desirable, in view of the pledge given by Great Britain to China to prevent, so far as possible, smuggling, to still further control the export of opium from Hong Kong, I am of opinion that this can be best effected by a bonding system.\n\nAll opium, on its arrival at Hong Kong from India, should be bonded, and no opium should be allowed to be removed from bond except under proper guarantees as to its destination, or shipped without the harbour master being furnished with a copy of the bill of lading.\n\nThe Customs of China should be supplied with regular returns of all shipments. The Opium Farmer of Hong Kong should be made to account clearly for every chest of raw opium supplied to him, and should not be allowed to handle more raw opium than is necessary to meet the opium-smoking requirements of Hong Kong and of the new territory, and the demands of the prepared opium export trade to Australia, America, and elsewhere.\n\nThese precautionary measures are sure to decrease the revenue of Hong Kong. If they are adopted, the Government of China should not hesitate either to lease the whole of the `San On` district or to adopt that boundary line which is the best in the interests of all parties concerned.\n\n## KOWLOON CITY\n\nThe city of Kowloon is called in Chinese `Kaufung Shing`. The term `Shing` is the ordinary one used for a city by the Chinese. It originally seems to have signified a rampart surrounding a space; but it is now always applied to a city surrounded by a wall or rampart, as all Chinese cities are. The Convention refers to the retention of jurisdiction within the city of Kowloon, thus clearly showing that the walled city is meant.\n\nKowloon is situated about a quarter of a mile from the sea shore. It is enclosed by a stone wall built in 1847, forming as nearly as possible a parallelogram, measuring 700 feet by 400 feet, and enclosing an area of 6 acres. The wall is built of granite ashlar facing, is 15 feet in width at the top, and averages in height 13 feet. The wall has six watch towers, at present occupied as family dwellings, and two gateways, with doors made of wood and lined with iron sheeting. The parapet wall is built of granite, and has 119 embrasures. It is approached by four flights of stone steps. (See Sketch Plans of Kowloon City and Neighbourhood, `Maps VIII.` and `IX.`, and photographs.)\n\nAccording to a return (see `Appendix`) furnished by the Deputy Magistrate, the total population of Kowloon city is 744; the garrison amounts to 544; the civil population to 200. The officials stationed within the city are, with the exception of one civil officer, a Deputy Magistrate, military officers, the head of whom is the Colonel Commanding. This officer is the chief military officer in the district of `Say O`; is immediately subordinate to the `Ti Tu`, or General in Command of all the land forces in the province of `Kwong-tung`. The Colonel's jurisdiction is purely a military one, extending over the whole district of `Say O` and the islands adjacent thereto. His original headquarters were at `Tang` (see `Map VII.`, showing residences of officials), and his official designation is still `Tai Pang Hip`, or Colonel stationed at `Tang`, at which place he has a yamên, or official quarters. The reason for his having taken up a residence within the city of Kowloon was to place him in closer relations with the Colony of Hong Kong.\n\nAs the garrison now under the command of the Colonel is maintained for the defence of the district of `Saf O` and the adjoining islands, and as the larger portion of that district and most of the islands are to be leased by the British Government, most of the soldiers now supposed to exist under the Colonel's command will be disbanded or transferred elsewhere, whilst the services of those retained will be required not within, but outside the territory referred to in the Convention. The residence, therefore, of the Colonel Commanding and of his troops within the city of Kowloon is entirely unnecessary. But even if it were necessary, the military requirements for the defence of Hong Kong must surely render it impossible to allow the retention in the very heart of the territory of a garrison of soldiers belonging to a foreign power, however friendly that power may be.\n\nThe only civil officer resident within the city is a Deputy Magistrate. He is appointed not to control the 200 civilians resident within the city, who are really subject to the military, but to exercise a somewhat extensive jurisdiction outside the city, throughout a large portion of the new area. When that area has been taken over, there appears to be no reason why this office of Deputy Magistrate should continue to exist, as the jurisdiction now exercised by him will be merged in the administration of the territory under British rule.\n\nThe civil population within the city of Kowloon, amounting to 200, lives there simply because it is dependent on the military. It does not engage in trade, there being no shops of any kind within the city. If the military remove from the city, the civil population is sure to follow, so that there will be no one remaining over whom a Chinese officer could exercise jurisdiction.\n\nIn any case, it appears to be entirely inconsistent with the military requirements for the defence of Hong Kong to allow a garrison town like Kowloon to be occupied permanently by Chinese military officers and troops. If that view be accepted, there seems to be nothing to justify the retention of Chinese jurisdiction in any shape or form within the city, for without the garrison the population will, it is certain, be reduced to nothing.\n\nShould any civilians remain after the removal of the military, they might be allowed to establish a native tribunal presided over by the elders and gentry, but subject, of course, in the same way as the other native tribunals throughout the territory, to the control of the travelling magistrate, and possessing the right of appeal to the Council of the `Tung`, and finally to the Resident Commissioner.\n\nIn conclusion, it may, I trust, be gathered from the account of the new territory that it will form a valuable extension of Hong Kong. It is favourably situated, has good harbours, with safe anchorages, possesses a rich soil, and is inhabited by an industrious, hardy, and frugal race. Under Chinese rule, enterprise has been at a discount, and progress has been at a standstill for centuries. The `Sap O` district of to-day must be much the same as it was four or five hundred years ago. But when British rule is established, and the people realise that justice prevails, that they are allowed to pursue their avocations in peace and freedom from illicit extortions, and that there is no unnecessary interference with their manners and customs, the spirit of enterprise will soon manifest itself, capitalists will be attracted to a region where their capital is not liable to official \"squeezes,\" the resources of the country will be developed, and its prosperity will continue to increase.\n\n## 638\n\nJ. H. STEWART LOCKHART.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-289 - Individuals - 1898.txt",
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        "id": 373169,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-293 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 526,
        "title": "CO129-293 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "[This Document is the Property of Her Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n523\n\nSECRET.\n\nNo. 208 M,\n\nLomas is prepared to command in part 9 his despatch, assuming the trustees are the subscribers consider that they bound by resolution 3 A do not see Hica's lady way to adopt Mr Ormsby's suggestion which on other grounds have seemed preferable, to regin at the Shank won and CRE 24 a & mee\n\nPrinted for the use of the Colonial Office. January 10, 1900.\n\n# HONG KONG.\n\n## Proposed Coast Road.\n\n### Memorandum by the Colonial Defence Committee.\n\nC.O. No.29823\n\nTHE Colonial Office have referred to the Colonial Defence Committee a despatch from the Governor of Hong Kong, dated the 27th September, 1899, forwarding correspondence on the subject of a road round the island on which it has been proposed to expend part of the funds subscribed for a Memorial of Her Majesty's Jubilee in 1897.\n\nThe Governor's despatch and three of the inclosures, viz.: a letter from Major-General Black, dated the 2nd December, 1898, and Minutes by Major-General Gascoigne, dated the 17th January and 22nd September, 1899, are printed as an Appendix to this Memorandum.\n\n2. The question referred to the Committee is whether that part of an 18-foot road round the island, which the Jubilee Committee desire to make and for which they claim that subscriptions were given, is objectionable from a military point of view. The part of the road in question follows the coast line from Kennedy Town near Belcher's round Mount Davis and round the head of Sandy, Taihowan, and Waterfall Bays to the Head of Kellet Bay.\n\n3. Major-General Black considered that whereas at present, owing to the steep and rugged nature of the slopes of Mount Davis between Sandy Bay and Kennedy Town, no formed body of men could move along the coast between these places at night, the construction of the proposed road would make such movement possible and give an enemy an easier method of access to the town of Victoria. Major-General Gascoigne supported this view, but said in his second Minute on the subject that if the road would satisfy a great and pressing need for the Colony generally, he would not consider the military objections to be so imperative as to necessitate his urgent protest against it.\n\nOther arguments have been advanced in favour of the road round the island being commenced by the construction of its eastern section, but these need not be considered as they are not based on military considerations, and as the Governor reports that, apart from military considerations, he sees no reason why the road should not be first made in accordance with the Resolution of the Jubilee Committee, especially as the Government is bound to continue the road (though not within any specified time) until its completion round the island.\n\n4. The proposed western part of the new road lies mainly in No. II Section of the Defence. For the mobile defence of this section the Defence Scheme provides 120 infantry and 40 artillery, manning 2--7-pr. R.M.L, and 3--3-pc. Q.F. guns, whose duties are to oppose in the first instance an attempted landing of troops in\n\n[1048]",
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        "id": 373182,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-293 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 539,
        "title": "CO129-293 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "2.\n\n536\n\n1.\n\n>\n\n*\n\nwhich had been made were under discussion the representatives of the Press being present and full reports appearing in the newspapers.\n\n8.\n\nThe Resolutions specifying the form of the Memorials decided upon were passed by the Committee on the 20th April, 1897 and, as the wording of the one relating to the road is somewhat important, I will quote it in full :-\n\nRESOLUTION 3.\n\n\"That the money so collected together with an equal amount promised by the Colonial Government be deposited at interest in the Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation in the name of the Jubilee Committee, and be disbursed by them after paying for the local celebrations- one half towards the erection of the Hospital for Women and Children and the training of nurses and the other half towards the construction of the first section of the carriage road from Kennedy Town to Aberdeen which the Government undertakes to commence forthwith and to carry on the remaining portion of the road until completed.\n\n9. These Resolutions were submitted to His Excellency the Governor, by whom in turn they were referred to you, and the Committee were informed that they had received the approval of the Government and of yourself as Secretary of State for the Colonies. They were also published in the newspapers.\n\n10. During this time Major General Black was in command of the Forces in the Colony and, as a member of the public, made a suggestion as to the form the Memorial should take, which however did not commend itself to the Committee and was consequently rejected.\n\n11. On the basis of the Resolutions which were passed, subscriptions were collected from the entire community, the Chinese subscribing largely on account of the Road portion of the scheme, which it was anticipated would form an outlet for the inhabitants of the crowded western section of the City on the lower levels. When the subject was under discussion at the meeting of the 15th August, Mr. Fung Wa Chun, one of the most active members of the Committee, stated that \"he had collected funds from the Chinese on the promise that the road from Kennedy Town to Aberdeen would be undertaken\".\n\n12. The desirability of avoiding any action with regard to the disposal of the fund which could possibly give rise to a charge of breach of faith with the Chinese section of the Community is self obvious.",
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    {
        "id": 376552,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-299 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 230,
        "title": "CO129-299 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "## GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.--No. 250.\n\nThe following Report on the Tung Wah Hospital for the first quarter of 1900 is published.\n\nBy Command,\n\n**F. H. MAY**. Acting Colonial Secretary.\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 15th May, 1900,\n\n## TUNG WAH Hospital, HONGKONG, 30th April, 1900.\n\nSir,--I have the honour to submit, for the information of the Government, the usual quarterly report regarding the working of the Tung Wah Hospital during the past three months.\n\nThe following table shows the statistics of the quarter :-\n\n|          | Male | Female | Total |\n|----------|------|--------|-------|\n| Remaining on 1st January | 127  | 27     | 154   |\n| Admitted during three months | 507  | 94     | 601   |\n| Total    | 634  | 121    | 755   |\n| Discharged | 275  | 40     | 315   |\n| Died     | 227  | 59     | 286   |\n| Total    | 502  | 99     | 601   |\n| Under treatment on 1st April | 132  | 22     | 154   |\n\nDuring the corresponding period of 1899, 577 were admitted to the Hospital.\n\nI append a table showing in detail the Admissions and Mortality during the quarter, with the proportion of cases treated by Western and Chinese methods, respectively.\n\nOf the 601 admissions, 434 were under native method of treatment, 151 were treated according to Western science, 4 were transferred to the Lunatic Asylum, 6 to the Government Civil Hospital, 4 to the Kennedy Town Hospital, and 2 to the Italian Convent.\n\nOf the 286 deaths, 70 were admitted moribund into the Receiving Ward, 4 of which were Plague. Eighty-nine (89) male and 14 female corpses were received into the Hospital Mortuary to await burial. Of these, 7 males and 1 female were sent to the Public Mortuary for post-mortem examination as suspected plague or poisoning.\n\nTwelve (12) post-mortem examinations were made in the Public Mortuary on bodies died in the Hospital.\n\nDuring the quarter free burials were provided for 512 persons.\n\nEighteen thousand one hundred and seven (18,107) males and 8,359 females--total 26,466-were seen in the Out-patient Department.\n\nOne hundred and eighty-nine (189) destitutes were temporarily housed and fed:\n\n| Sent from | Number |\n|-----------|--------|\n| Registrar General's Office, Saigon | 11    |\n| Po Leung Kuk | 59     |\n| Hoihow    | 1      |\n| Police Department, Hongs, &c. | 39    |\n| Shipwrecked | 39     |\n| ...       | 31     |\n| Total     | 189    |",
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    {
        "id": 377090,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-300 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 186,
        "title": "CO129-300 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "## GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.—No. 375.\n\nThe following Report of the Tung Wah Hospital for the Second Quarter of 1900 is published.\n\nBy Command,\n**F. H. MAY**,\nActing Colonial Secretary,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 20th July, 1900.\n\n## TUNG WAH HOSPITAL REPORT\n\nTung Wah Hospital, Hongkong, 13th July, 1900.\n\nI have the honour to submit for the information of His Excellency the Governor the quarterly report on the work of the Tung Wah Hospital during the three months, 1st April to 30th June, 1900.\n\nI returned to the Colony and resumed the duties of Inspecting Medical Officer of the Hospital on 11th May.\n\nDuring the quarter the Incinerator for the destruction of infected materials and refuse has been rebuilt, and is now in efficient working order.\n\nA good microscope has been obtained from London at a cost of over £80 sterling, and is in daily use for purposes of diagnosis.\n\nThe following table shows the general statistics of the quarter:\n\n| Category | Male | Female | Total |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Remaining on 1st April | 749 | 132 | 905 |\n| Admitted during April, May, June | 154 | 99 | 1,059 |\n| Total | 587 | 337 | 921 |\n| Discharged | 484 | 283 | ... |\n| Died | 103 | 54 | ... |\n| Total | ... | ... | 921 |\n| Remaining on 1st July | 114 | 21 | 135 |\n\nComparison of the total admissions with those of the corresponding quarter of previous years since I assumed the general supervision of the institution shows a steady increase:\n\n| Year | Admissions during Second Quarter |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1897 | 655 |\n| 1898 | 700 |\n| 1899 | 812 |\n| 1900 | 905 |\n\nI append a table showing in detail the Admissions and Mortality during the quarter, with the proportion of cases treated by European and Chinese methods respectively.\n\nOf the 905 admissions, 329 were under European treatment, 351 under Chinese native treatment, 2 were transferred to the Lunatic Asylum, 5 to the Government Civil Hospital, 57 to Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital, 159 to the Plague Branch of the Tung Wah Hospital at Kennedy Town, and 2 cases of Plague were removed to the country under permit from the Medical Officer of Health.\n\nOf the fatal cases, 129 were already in a dying condition at the time of admission, and when these moribund cases and the 225 cases transferred elsewhere as described above are deducted from the total admissions, there remains a net total of 560 cases that were actually treated in the Hospital. Of these, 251, or 45 per cent., were treated by Dr. Chong, and 309, or 55 per cent., by the six native doctors. Thus, while Dr. Chong has during the quarter had 45 per cent. of the cases under his treatment according to Western methods, in addition to all responsibility connected with the transferred cases while they were in the Hospital, each of the native doctors has been responsible for on an average only 9 per cent. of the actual inmates of the wards. When it is borne in mind that until three-and-a-half years ago no cases were treated by European methods, the progress that has been made in the growth of Western treatment in the Tung Wah Hospital is noteworthy.\n\nTwo obstetric cases, both from the Po Leung Kuk, were attended by Dr. Chong, who also frequently renders similar service in the homes of the poor in the neighbourhood of the Hospital.\n\nOne hundred and fifty-five dead bodies, 114 male and 41 female, were received into the Hospital Mortuary from outside to await burial. In 82 of them, as also in 42 bodies of persons who died within the Hospital itself, internal examination was considered necessary, and they were removed to the Government Mortuary for post-mortem section.\n\nFree burial was provided by the Hospital for 501 persons.",
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        "id": 385353,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 593,
        "title": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "33303\n\nEnclosure No. 8 to Despatch No. 303 of the 10th July, 1908.\n\n13 ANT\n\n591\n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.--No. 267.\n\nThe following Order made by His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government in Council on the 11th March, 1902, is published.\n\nBy Command,\n\nA. M. THOMSON,\n\nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 26th April, 1902.\n\nORDER\n\nMade by the Officer Administering the Government in Council, under section 3 of the Pawnbrokers' Ordinance, 1860, this 11th day of March, 1902.\n\nThe Scale of Fees for Pawnbrokers' Licences under section 3 of Ordinance No. 3 of 1860 shall, from the 1st April, 1902, be as follows:—\n\n  \n    In the Central District of Victoria,\n    $1,500\n  \n  \n    In the Eastern and Western District of Victoria,\n    1,000\n  \n  \n    Elsewhere in the Island of Hongkong,\n    750\n  \n  \n    Kowloon (Old Territory and Sham Shui Po),\n    1,000\n  \n  \n    New Kowloon, (except Sham Shui Po),\n    750\n  \n  \n    Elsewhere in the New Territory,\n    400\n  \n\n2. Such fees shall be payable yearly in advance.\n\nCOUNCIL CHAMBER,\n\nHONGKONG.\n\nR. F. JOHNSTON,\n\nActing Clerk of Council.",
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    {
        "id": 386144,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-313 - Governor Sir Blake - 1902 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 224,
        "title": "CO129-313 - Governor Sir Blake - 1902 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "# \n355\n\n\n: \n\n( 14 ) \n\n\nbe saved by having the materials for filling up the area to be reclaimed close at hand, instead of having as before to bring them by a tedious process from Kowloon. It is therefore to be hoped that no unforeseen difficulty will arise in the case of Leighton Hill and Mount Caroline, whose removal, moreover, will add still more to the land available for building purposes. Morrison Hill and Mount Shadwell are more conveniently situated for the use to which Mr Chater proposed to put them, but since the objections of the Naval authorities appear to have been insuperable, the two substitutes proposed are the best available, and, provided that the natural corollary of the present scheme, a tramway running to the centre of the city, follows, they will be brought sufficiently near to serve the purpose of providing homes for the working classes.\n\nExtract from the 'DAILY PRESS,' March 5.\n\nThe new Praya Reclamation scheme, as modified in the letter of the Colonial Secretary of the 12th ult., provides, as we have seen, for an addition to the available land of this Colony of a strip of ground 520 feet wide, and stretching from the Naval Yard to the Sugar Refinery at East Point, up to which limit it may be looked on, we think, as the final reclamation scheme. In front of the existing sea-face, from the Arsenal down to Messrs Jardine's premises, there will be firstly an addition to the present Praya, making it up to 75 feet broad; secondly, a space, 120 feet deep, for the construction of Chinese houses; thirdly, a new road, 75 feet wide; fourthly, a strip of land, 225 feet deep, for godowns; and lastly, a new Eastern Praya, 75 feet deep. In addition to this, there may be a space cleared and levelled inland, on the site of the present Leighton Hill and Mount Caroline, on which may be constructed additional dwellings. The whole of the works, including the removal and re-erection of piers, and the extension, formation, sewering, and channelling of the proposed new streets and new Praya wall and roadway, except on such portions of the foreshore as are situated in front of the Government properties, will be carried out by the Public Works Department at the cost of the Marine Lot owners; and the Government will not be called on to incur any expense at all, other than such as is involved, on account of the wall and reclamation in front of Government properties. Mr Chater's services as intermediary between the Government and the Marine Lot holders are accepted, and what he has to do is to persuade the latter to agree to the Government's demands. These are briefly that the holders shall constitute a general fund for defraying the cost of the works and shall bind themselves individually to take up whatever part is allotted to them of the general reclamation, each depositing as a guarantee 25 per cent. of the total value of the General Fund, which 25 per cent. will be forfeited to the Crown in event of a failure to take up the allotment. On the completion of the works, each holder will be asked to take out a Crown Lease for his allotment, paying an Annual Crown Rent of $200 per quarter acre.\n\nThe leases will be for 99 years, with an option of renewal at a Crown Rent fixed by the Governor for the time being for a further term of 99 years. All costs of resumptions of land and compensations to landowners involved in the scheme will be paid by the Marine Lot owners. It is held that a premium of at least twenty-five cents a square foot should be paid to Government by holders for every foot of building land reclaimed and handed over to them. Finally, the reclamation principle of sectional adoption followed in the case of the Western Praya reclamation will be followed, and the Lot holders will bear the expenses of a preliminary survey and estimate.\n\nFrom the above, it will be seen that the Government strikes a good bargain, for the gain in rateable area and future land sales will be very large indeed, and the expenditure will be nil. But the Marine Lot holders, too, having past history to guide them, and the ever-increasing prosperity of the Colony to encourage them for the future, have little reason to hesitate. In the report, published this year, and now to hand, of Hongkong in 1899, H.E. the Governor's concluding sentence will meet with general agreement. Henry Blake says: \"The general condition of the Colony is most flourishing, and, with the command of cheap labour, it gives promise of development into a great manufacturing centre.\" There is a certainty that whatever land can be added to the island in close proximity to the centre of the Colony's activity must have a constantly mounting value as time goes on. With the restoration of peace in the Chinese Empire and the establishment of commercial facilities hitherto denied to foreigners, the volume of trade flowing toward Hongkong cannot but increase enormously. As matters stand now, we are not prepared to meet this increase by expansion on the island itself. Mr Chater sets forth the way in which we can prepare ourselves to do so, and we feel confident that the Marine Lot holders will recognise that in supporting the scheme they will consult at the same time the Colony's interests and their own.\n\nExtract from the 'DAILY PRESS,' April 19.\n\nLast month, when writing of the new Praya Reclamation scheme put forward by the Hon. C. P. Chater, and after certain modifications approved by the local Government, we expressed our confidence that the holders of Marine Lots would recognise that in supporting the scheme they are consulting at the same time the Colony's interests and their own. On Wednesday, a representative meeting of lot-holders gave their full support to the scheme, authorised the Government to proceed forthwith with the preliminary surveys and plans, and undertook to contribute in proportion to their marine frontages to the expenses thus incurred by the Government. Such a response must be gratifying to Mr Chater, and it is satisfactory to see that there is no opposition to the present plan, whereas the scheme of 1887 met with most bitter protests and uncompromising hostility in many quarters. The ultimate success of the earlier reclamation has disarmed opposition. It is generally recognised that the increase of space available for building on this island is one of the vital necessities of Hongkong. The lot-holders, being men of commonsense, see too that they stand to gain largely by consenting to this public improvement. The resolutions carried at Wednesday's meeting will now be forwarded to the local Government without loss of time, and then comes the last step before the actual work can be commenced. Mr Chater anticipates the lapse of about three months before an answer can be obtained from the Secretary of State in London. This answer, it cannot be doubted, will be favourable; and a great addition to the Colony will be on its way toward realisation.\n\nAs Mr Chater stated in his speech to the lot-holders, a small alteration has been made in the design since it was set out in his letter of the 15th November last, and this is in the nature of an act of justice to Messrs Jardine, Matheson & Co. The first proposal was that the new reclamation should terminate, to the eastward, at the East Point property of this firm—a proceeding which would involve the destruction of their harbour frontage on the west. It is now proposed to carry the reclamation along the front of their premises and in front of the Sugar Works and to give them an interest in the scheme to the extent of 160 feet in depth of building land along their northern boundary. One effect of this, it will be noticed, will be to bring Kellott Island 160 feet nearer land. On the scheme as a whole, we have already expressed our opinion at some length; and that we correctly anticipated what reception it would meet from the various owners of property on the Wanchai frontage is shown by the report of the discussion at Wednesday's meeting. No comments of an adverse character were offered by any present, and the meeting unanimously supported the resolutions proposed, signifying their complete satisfaction with the idea and its details. Seldom, we imagine, has so important a public work met with so little opposition. We look forward now to the final reclamation, which should now be only a matter of time, namely the reclamation of Causeway Bay with the shifting of the typhoon anchorage to the other end of the Harbour. When such a reclamation has been accomplished, combined with adequate tramway facilities, the makers of Hongkong as a settlement will be able to look back with justifiable satisfaction on their labours. We have now, as it were, reached the beginning of the second act, fourteen years after the beginning of the first. We may reasonably expect that the progress of the remainder will be more rapid.\n\n220",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-313 - Governor Sir Blake - 1902 [10-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 391140,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "page_number": 101,
        "title": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "content_text": "97\n\n2\n\n\"Tu'an-lien,\" or local volunteers, rose against them, and, in one particular case, surrounded a band which took refuge in a \"chai-tzu\"—one of the walled refuges so common on the hilltops in Western China. Troops then appeared upon the scene, and, although the volunteers were anxious to attack and exterminate the band, the military officials counselled delay, with the result that next morning the troops, to the consternation of the volunteers, occupied the refuge—the band, through the connivance of the military officials, having escaped overnight. The volunteers were naturally very much incensed, and the result was that two of the military officers concerned were brought here and publicly executed, by command of the Viceroy. The theory of Boxer invulnerability was also rudely shaken by the death of one of the leaders, who was shot by the volunteers.\n\nAt an interview which I had with the Viceroy on the 7th instant, his Excellency assured me that there was no longer any disorder in the province, and that he had taken measures to prevent a recrudescence of the trouble. He had divided up each place into wards of ten families, with a superintending Headman, who is held responsible for the good behaviour of the other nine houses; and that it was his intention to remove all ineffective officials and replace them by men of energy and ability. He said that one of the great sources of disorder was the constant changing of officials, who, owing to their short tenure of office, were necessarily ignorant of what was taking place within their jurisdictions; and that it was his intention, as long as he remained in Szechuan, to keep his subordinates at their posts until they failed in their duty. His Excellency impressed me as being a man who is anxious to do his best for his province, and frankly told me that he is liked by the people but hated by the officials. He made the same remark in the presence of fifteen officials when I dined with him on the 14th instant.\n\nDuring the interview, I took the opportunity of referring to the statements in the foreign press regarding impending trouble in Kansu and Shensi, but his Excellency ridiculed the idea, saying that they were idle rumours, that he knew Tung Fu-hsiang well, and that he had no fear of any trouble in that quarter. He seemed sincere, and advised me, when I heard any rumours of the sort, to come to him, and he would soon tell me whether they were true or false.\n\nIt may be an exaggeration to say that his Excellency is hated by all his subordinates, but he has undoubtedly very bitter foes in the French, who find in him a man whom they are unable to coerce. I understand that the French Mission have lodged a demand for an indemnity of 2,200,000 taels, of which 2,000,000 taels are for the destruction of Mission property and 200,000 taels are for the lives of 2,000 converts alleged to have been massacred last year. The French Bishop demands payment by the Viceroy, whereas the latter insists that it is a matter for the local authorities to investigate and settle. The French, as I understand the situation, declare that no investigation is necessary, as they have already done so themselves. This is a striking contrast to the American claim of 6,525 taels, which was promptly paid locally.\n\nWith part of the proceeds of their last indemnity of 3,000,000 taels, the French missionaries are building hospitals at their chief centres in Szechuan, and the French Colonial Office is supplying these hospitals with military doctors. French Sisters (five for each hospital) are to act as nurses. A French school for imparting Western learning to Chinese was opened at Chungking on the 13th instant. Some have already arrived.\n\nWhen at Hsü-chou Fu, on my way up from Chungking, I made inquiries as to the alleged wholesale buying of land by the French missionaries at that place. It was stated some time ago in the press that this land which they had acquired was intended for the terminus of a railway from Yunnan into Szechuan; but the whole purchase amounts to only five plots of land (the most valuable costing merely 500 taels), situated at long intervals, for a distance of 22 li, to the west of the Nan-kuang River—a southern tributary of the Yang-tsze. The south bank of the Yang-tsze opposite Hsü-chou Fu (or \"Sui Fu,\" as it is called locally) is the only available land suitable for building purposes in the neighbourhood of the city, and the plots were bought in anticipation of Hsu-chou Fu being made an open port by the Commercial Treaty of last year, and as a purely commercial speculation.\n\nFour officers belonging to the French gun-boat \"Olry,\" now at Chungking, are at present engaged on a survey of the Yang-tsze from Ichang to Hsü-chou Fu. They commenced at Wan Hsien towards the end of December, and two are working down and two up-river.\n\nThe Japanese are exceedingly active in Western China, and even in Thibet. Chungking, Hat-chou Fu, and Chengtu.\n\nLast year, a Mr. N. Narita succeeded in reaching Lhassa from the Indian side. He went disguised as a Chinese merchant and had only one Chinese companion. His presence was known to the Chinese Imperial Resident, or Amban, who, I am informed, received the traveller as a guest and was good enough to show him all over the city during his twenty days' stay in the capital. He was so unfortunate as to lose his camera, but was able to make drawings of all he required. He returned by way of India, and is now in Japan planning a second journey into Thibet.\n\nCaptain Idogawa, a Japanese Military Intelligence Officer, resident at Chungking, started with three other Japanese on the 2nd instant, with the intention of making a journey through Yunnan to Bhamo. He travels up the Yang-tsze and proposes to do the land part of the journey on foot, passing south through northern Yünnan to Yunnan Fu, and thence west by way of Tali Fu. He will return by a different route through Yunnan, and cross Kueichou on his way back to Chungking.\n\nThe Chinese Military Academy here, which is capable of accommodating 200 students, is completed, and Captain Matsura and two Japanese instructors are ready to commence work. The register is now open in the Academy for the enrolment of students for examination, and the 28th February has been fixed as the date of opening. The Viceroy will himself examine the candidates, and the qualifications called for are respectability, a fair education, a robust constitution, and suitable age. It is distinctly laid down that no opium smoker need present himself.\n\nMr. Tokimaru, the Japanese Consul at Chungking, recently paid a visit of about a month's duration to Chengtu, leaving in the last days of January. The main object of his visit was to try and induce the Viceroy to place the Arsenal here under Japanese management; but his Excellency refused, stating that, although he would have no objection to a Japanese foreman at a wage of about 100 dollars to 120 dollars a-month, the management must remain in Chinese hands.\n\nA German Commercial Mission, although it repudiates that title, is at present here. It is composed of Dr. Betz, Acting German Consul at Ichang, who is also Acting Consul at Chungking; Dr. Delius, German Commercial Attaché, attached to the Shanghae Consulate; and Mr. Landgrav of the firm of Messrs. Carlowitz and Co. These gentlemen, with a train of seventy bearers and porters, and several Chinese assistants, left Ichang in the beginning of December last, and, travelling by the south bank of the Yang-tsze, arrived at Chungking on the last day of the year. They remained a week in Chungking, and left on the 7th January for Chengtu, travelling by way of Ho Chou and the prefectural cities of Shun-ching, Pao-ning, and Tung-ch'uan. They reached the provincial capital on the 30th ultimo, and are leaving for Kuan Hsien and Ya-chou Fu in a couple of days. From Ya-chou, they will descend the Ya and Tung Rivers and return to Ichang by the Min River and the Yang-tsze. They are making a careful study of the commerce and commercial conditions and possibilities of the country through which they pass, and are specially interested in the pushing of German aniline dyes, notably indigo, and in investigating the subject of Chinese medicines. They were present, like myself, at the dinner given by the Viceroy on the 14th instant, the only foreign guest being Dr. Legendre, who is attached to the French Mission Hospital. Dr. Betz has hinted to me that Germany will, in all probability, send a gun-boat to the Upper Yang-tsze during the present year.\n\nIt is reported here that things are not going smoothly with the Chinese in Thibet. There is said to be trouble on the frontier in the neighbourhood of Batang and Litang, and that the Chinese Assistant Resident is returning to China on account of the treatment he has been receiving at the hands of the Thibetans.\n\nAt the same time, missionaries report that, of late, there has been a tendency, hitherto unknown, on the part of Thibetans to become better acquainted with foreigners and their ways, and they hint that Russian intrigue may account for it; but, as yet, I have been unable to discover whether the rumoured Treaty with Russia in regard to Thibet has any foundation in fact.\n\nUp to January of the present year, the French had three mining Concessions in Szechuan:—\n\n1. For coal and iron in the districts and department of Kuan Hsien, Wei-yüan Hsien, Chien-wei Hsien, Chi-chiang Hsien, Pa Hsien, and Ho Chou.\n\n2. For the five metals in the department and independent sub-Prefecture of Tien-ch'üan Chou and Mou-kung Ting.\n\n3. The exclusive right to prospect for petroleum in the districts of Wan Hsien and Pa Hsien, or any other two districts throughout the whole of the Province of Szechuan, exclusive of Fu-shun Hsien, in which the great brine and petroleum wells of the province are situated.\n\n3",
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    {
        "id": 394717,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904",
        "page_number": 54,
        "title": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904",
        "content_text": "12\n\n13\n\nInclosure 13 in No. 1.\n\nGovernment of Burmah to Government of India.\n\nRangoon, January 30, 1901. IN compliance with the orders contained in paragraph 3 of your letter, dated the 19th September, 1900, I am directed to submit a copy of a Report by Mr. Hertz, C.I.E., District Superintendent of Police, Myitkyina, with map in original, regarding the description of the Burmah-Chinese boundary north of the most northern boundary cairn, Mr. Hertz' Report on the boundary, to which he refers in this Report, was submitted with Mr. Gates' letter, dated the 3rd May, 1900.*\n\n2. I am to say that the Lieutenant-Governor agrees with Mr. Hertz that it would prevent future misunderstanding if the boundary north of the northernmost cairn were declared to be the watershed of all streams that drain into the N'Maikha from the east.\n\nInclosure 14 in No. 1.\n\nDistrict Superintendent of Police, Myitkyina, to Deputy Commissioner.\n\nMyitkyina, December 21, 1900. IN compliance with the instructions contained in the Confidential forwarded papers I have the honour to submit the following Report\n\nDescription of the Burmah-China Boundary north of the most northerly Boundary Cairn.\n\nThe northernmost boundary cairn was built under the joint supervision of British and Chinese officers in the 1897-98 season, and is situated at latitude 25° 33′ on a range of hills called Manaung-Bum, which forms the southern portion of the eastern watershed of the N'Maikha. North of the cairn the boundary continues along the eastern watershed of the N'Maikha, or, in other words, the watershed of the streams which drain into the N'Maikha from the east. Its general direction is north-east up to latitude 26° longitude 98° 45', near which point the eastern watershed of the N'Maikha connects with the Salween watershed. Between the northernmost boundary cairn and this point the hill range which forms the eastern N'Maikha watershed is drained on the west by streams flowing into the Shingaw Kha, Tammu Kha, Chipwi Kha, and Ngaw-chaung Kha (tributaries of the N'Maikha), and on the east by streams flowing into the Lawnma Tanza Khas (tributaries of the Taping, the Chinese Tahaw), and streams further north flowing into the Shweli (the Chinese Lung Chiang) through its tributaries in the Tintang (or Tinhtang), Mienkawng (or Minkwang), Tatang (or Tahtang), and Sanjang (or Sanchiang) valleys.\n\nFurther north the eastern watershed of the N'Maikha connects with the western watershed of the Salween.\n\nWith the materials at my command I do not think I can give any fuller description than is contained in the above Report and \"Report on the Boundary\" submitted previously. A skeleton map, similar to the one submitted before, is forwarded with this Report. The boundary line north of the most northerly cairn is marked by a red line, and some additions in red ink have been made by me on the map to illustrate the Report more fully.\n\nIn conclusion, I would respectfully suggest that, as the Chinese are a people who seemingly do not recognize latitudes and longitudes, and frequently will not identify hills and lesser streams by the names known to us, it would be convenient, and leave no excuse for misunderstanding on their part, if the boundary north of the most northerly cairn be described as the watershed of all streams that drain into the N'Maikha from the east.\n\nInclosure 15 in No. 1.\n\nSir E. Satow to Government of India.\n\nPeking, November 28, 1900.\n\nI HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Lordship's despatch of the 14th June last, received the 24th instant, inclosing copy of a Secret despatch to Her Majesty's Secretary of State for India, regarding the exploration conducted during the past season up the valley of the N'Maikha and the boundary between Burmah and China in that region.\n\nIn paragraph 4 of the Secret despatch a recommendation is made that the Tsung-li Yamên should be pressed to execute at an early date a formal Agreement recognizing as the frontier between Burmah and China on the east of the Irrawaddy, from the demarcated frontier northwards, the watershed of the streams which drain off into the N'Maikha from the east.\n\nNo instructions on this point have as yet reached this Legation, your Lordship's Secret despatch having arrived in London after communication with Peking was cut off. The only recent mention of the boundary question was in Lord Salisbury's telegram No. 120 of the 9th October, approving the proposal contained in Sir Claude MacDonald's telegram No. 89 of the 31st May, which was repeated to your Lordship.\n\nThe occupation of Peking by the allied forces and the flight of the Government have given rise to a situation in which it seems difficult to pursue the negotiation about the boundary for the moment. The only Representatives here of the Emperor of China are the two Plenipotentiaries, Prince Ching and the Viceroy Li Hung Chang, who have been appointed to negotiate with the Representatives of the Plenipotentiaries for a resumption of amicable relations.\n\nAs soon as this much-to-be-desired event takes place, and the Chinese Government is established here, I shall, in the absence of instructions to the contrary, proceed to act upon the suggestion contained in your Lordship's Secret despatch.\n\n0\n\nSee Inclosure 10 in Secret despatch to the Secretary of State for India, dated June 14, 1900,\n\n52",
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    {
        "id": 406860,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "page_number": 156,
        "title": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "content_text": "104\n\nMr. Kinder states that for the lines in operation, including the 40 miles outside Wall, \"the annual receipts will average 2,000,000 taels, and the working expenses 1,200,000 taels.\"\n\nThis, at the present rate of exchange, means, in round figures:\n\n  \n    \n    Taels\n    £\n  \n  \n    Annual receipts\n    2,000,000\n    266,666\n  \n  \n    Working expenses\n    1,200,000\n    160,000\n  \n  \n    Balance-Net receipts\n    800,000\n    106,666\n  \n\nThis balance would yield a clear 5 per cent. on a loan of 2,000,000l., and it may be remarked that this result is obtained notwithstanding the fact that the line stops short 40 miles outside the Great Wall at a merely insignificant place en route for objective points of Ying Kau and the centres of grain trade in the North—so that at present working at least 100 miles of the line cannot be said to be earning anything like what it should command if its objective points had been reached.\n\nA knowledge of the volume of passenger and goods traffic carried over the lines is quite sufficient to convince anyone accustomed to the working of railways that on proper management the foregoing is a moderate estimate of the earning power of the line.\n\nThe port of Tang Ku with the very important distributing centres of Tien-tsin and Peking, the coal mines of Tangshan, the military forts and encampments at Shan-hai-kwan and Lutai; the rising watering place and sanitorium for foreign settlers at Pei-tai-ho so extensively patronised, together with the facts of the people being everywhere anxious to avail themselves of the facilities of transit afforded them, the vast population to be served, and the general resources of the country to be dealt with, offer on the whole the best possible guarantee for the remunerativeness of judicious expenditure on railway accommodation.\n\nIt may be of interest to remark that the climate of Manchuria is thoroughly healthy—our nearest home parallel being Canada: a rainless winter, cold delightfully dry, bright and brisk; very little snow—the spring and fall of the year being exceptionally temperate, and only a short period of summer forming the rainy season in which the heat is at all oppressive.\n\nWith regard to the prospects of traffic on the extensions (in which you have a collateral interest), it may be said that they are at least quite as good as those on the lines in operation.\n\nThe country north-east of the city of Kin-chou, forming the lower watershed of the Ta-ling Ho and Liao Ho, is an immense fertile plain all under cultivation, and producing largely in excess of its local requirements.\n\nThe trend of trade in this extensive agricultural district bounded on the north by the waters of the Liao Ho is all towards Ying Kau and inside Wall.\n\nIn addition to the ordinary sources of railway traffic in the country, there is the prospect of the development of a very large coal traffic from the Nan Piao Coal Mines situate some 30 miles north-west of our extension line from Kiao-chau. It is intended to connect these with our line by a branch, later on, and to work them as a separate undertaking; but as you are at present only interested in these to the extent of their value as a source of railway traffic, it will suffice to quote Mr. Kinder on these and extension traffic generally where he says:\n\n\"I am confident that the opening up of the (Nan Piao) mines and others near will have a splendid future, as the demand for this fuel is rapidly increasing all along the China coast, while a large native consumption is assured when a cheaper means of transport will be provided by the railway. Sin-min-ting is the centre of an important grain trade, most of which will go west by rail or to Ying Kau for shipment to Japan and the China coast. I have, therefore, no doubt at all that these (extension) lines when once in full working order, say, two years after opening for traffic, will pay 4 per cent. interest on the outlay incurred.\"\n\nI may remark that the earning power of these extensions is estimated by Mr. Kinder with a large margin of reserve or high factor of safety, so very commendable in dealing with a railway in its infancy in a new country and constituting a new enterprise, in spite of all the evidence that exists to warrant the presumption of a more liberal return.\n\nThe produce and requirements of this country to the south and west of the Liao Ho form an important factor in the trade of Ying Kau, and when the coal of Nan Piao (which there is nothing in North China to equal in quality and in facility of access) is secured, a very large trade may be anticipated.\n\nIn view of the extensive requirements of traffic to the sea-port, a very fine site of 1,000 acres with deep water frontage for wharves, &c., has been obtained on the western bank of the Liao Ho at Ying Kau.\n\nI may add, in conclusion, a résumé of the points affecting the security for the loan:\n\nThe security to be offered for the loan now under negotiation is—\n\n1. A mortgage of 257½ miles of railway (plus the earnings of a further 40 miles) all in operation, and including rolling-stock and all appurtenances belonging to a railway system in a sound and thriving condition, and with an estimated earning power more than sufficient to pay interest on the loan. The capital sterling cost of this part of the security alone is considerably in excess of the amount of the loan required.\n\n2. The loan now sought is to be applied to the building of 258 miles of new extensions, and to the improvement of portions of the existing line, additional workshops and wharfage, accommodation, &c., and the profits arising from all this expenditure—the distribution of which is secured under British control and management—are estimated to amount to at least another 4 per cent., forming on the whole an aggregate security of over 9 per cent. on the amount of your loan, accruing from a property upon which over 4,000,000l. will have been expended.\n\n3. To the foregoing is to be added an Imperial guarantee for the payment of interest and repayment of principal.\n\nShould you want information upon any other phase of the subject, I shall be most happy to supply it before my return to China.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\n(Signed) JAMES GINNELL, District Engineer, Imperial Chinese Railways.\n\nTo the Chairman and Directors, British and Chinese Corporation, Limited, 3, Lombard Street, London, E.C.\n\n105",
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        "id": 408154,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-338 - Public Offices & Others - 1906",
        "page_number": 618,
        "title": "CO129-338 - Public Offices & Others - 1906",
        "content_text": "REGULATIONS\n\nFOR THE\n\nEXAMINATION IN SANITARY SCIENCE\n\nCONDUCTED BY THE STATE MEDICINE SYNDICATE OF THE\n\nUNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.\n\n612\n\nC 0. 38815\n\nRECO IP: 22 OCT 06\n\nTwo Examinations will be held during the year 1906; one in April, and one in October. At the April Examination Part I will begin Wednesday, April 4, and Part II on Monday, April 9.\n\nAt the October Examination Part I will begin on Wednesday, October 3, and Part II on Monday, October 8.\n\nAny person whose name is on the Medical Register is admissible as a Candidate to this examination provided that\n\n(I) a period of not less than twelve months has elapsed between the attainment of a registrable Qualification in Medicine, Surgery, and Midwifery, and the admission of the Candidate to either part of the examination;\n\n(II) he produce evidence that, after obtaining a registrable qualification, he has attended during three months the practice of a hospital for infectious diseases at which opportunities are afforded for the study of Methods of Administration, including therein the methods of dealing with patients at their admission and discharge as well as in the wards, and the medical superintendence of the hospital generally;\n\n(III) he produce evidence that, after obtaining a registrable qualification, he has attended during a period of six months one or more courses*, approved by the Syndicate, of Practical Laboratory Instruction in Chemistry, Bacteriology, and the Pathology of those Diseases of Animals that are transmissible to Man:\n\n(IV) he produce evidence that, after obtaining a registrable qualification, he has during six months† (of which at least three months shall be distinct and separate from the period of Laboratory Instruction required under paragraph III) been diligently engaged in acquiring a practical knowledge of the duties, routine and special, of Public Health Administration, under the supervision of\n\n(a) in England and Wales, either the Medical Officer of Health of a County or of a single Sanitary District having a population of not less than 50,000, or a Medical Officer of Health devoting his whole time to Public Health work; or\n\n(A) in Scotland, the Medical Officer of Health of a County or Counties, or of one or more Sanitary Districts having a population of not less than 30,000; or\n\n(7) in Ireland, the Medical Superintendent Officer of Health of a District or Districts having a population of not less than 30,000; or\n\n(8) in the British Dominions outside the United Kingdom, a Medical Officer of Health of a Sanitary District having a population of not less than 30,000, who himself holds a registrable Diploma in Public Health; or\n\n(e) a Medical Officer of Health who is also a Teacher in the Department of Public Health of a recognised Medical School; or\n\n(f) a Sanitary Staff Officer of the Royal Army Medical Corps having charge of an Army Corps, District, or Command, recognised for this purpose by the General Medical Council.\n\n* A list of Colleges and Schools of Medicine at which the courses of Laboratory Instruction have, for the purposes of this Examination, been already approved by the Syndicate, will be found printed on page 3.\n\n† This period of six months may be reduced to a period of three months (which must be distinct and separate from the period of Laboratory Instruction required under paragraph III) in the case of any Candidate who produces evidence that, after obtaining a registrable qualification, he has during three months attended a course or courses of instruction in sanitary law, sanitary engineering, vital statistics, and other subjects bearing on Public Health Administration, given by a Teacher or Teachers in the Department of Public Health of a recognised Medical School.\n\nDistricts recognised by the General Medical Council:-Aldershot; Salisbury Plain; Southern and South-Eastern; Western; Dublin and Belfast; Cork; Chatham and Woolwich; Home; Eastern; North-Eastern and North-Western; Scottish; Gibraltar Command; Western Command (late Bombay); Northern Command (late Punjab); Eastern Command (late Bengal); Secunderabad and Burma Divisions (late Madras Command).\n\n1.7.0.",
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    {
        "id": 408433,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 135,
        "title": "CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "THE OCEAN STEAM SHIP COMPANY LIMITED\n\nAND\n\nTHE CHINA MUTUAL STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY LIMITED.\n\n67.\n\nS.S. \"Bellerophon\".\n\ntrading to,\n\nPort 132\n\nDate Dated at Sea May 5 1906.\n\nLe A. P. Guterres Reg.\n\nDeputy Superintendent Western.\n\nDear Sir,\n\nDuring the fifteen years that I have been running to this port in Command of the different steamships owned by the Ocean Steamship Co.\n\nI have never known of irregularity in the loading off & signing on of Coolies—whether Chinese or non-Chinese. As to the matter\n\nAs to the book-keeping and cuts from men's wages I fail to see how you could do that even if you were inclined, because we bring the money from Agents or Compradore, it is not got from you. Besides we give the men their \"Wages Accounts\", and Chinese that have sailed under me are not the kind to submit tamely to the deduction of one cent illegally; and we should, I think, without doubt resist any such dirty dishonesty.\n\nI am, dear Sir\n\nYours faithfully,\n\n[Name]\n\nMaster.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 410219,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-341 - Acting Governor May Governor Lugard - 1907 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 565,
        "title": "CO129-341 - Acting Governor May Governor Lugard - 1907 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "560\n\nVolunteers The paid commandant ceases, the volunteer man being given $900 \"Command Allowance\" to defray incidental expenses of Appointment\", and the paid staff officer appears.\n\npage 83. Public Works Recurrent $437,500 the same as for 1907.\n\npage 84-85 Public Works Extraordinary $822,900 see despatch para.9 and debate.\n\nThe building of the new Law Courts and Post office continues slowly, much too slowly according to Mr. Hewett. The Kowloon water works and the first section of the Tytam Tuk water works will not be finished as expected in 1907, $44,000 and $15,000 respectively being provided to complete them.\n\nThe second section of the Tytam Tuk scheme (estimated cost $3,312,000) for which $200,000 was provided on the 1907 Estimates has not been begun and it is not proposed to proceed with it at present.\n\nThe Typhoon refuge estimate is showing an unhappy tendency to grow out of all recognition. After the typhoon of 18th September 1906, the Government promised to contribute to the Relief Fund an amount equal to that raised by public subscription. The subscriptions came to more than was required for relief of sufferers from the typhoon, and so the Government (17744/1907) agreed that the amount which they would otherwise have contributed to the Fund (about $280,000) should be used for \"commencing at the earliest possible date a detached breakwater to serve as a typhoon refuge for small craft at the western end of the harbour.\"\n\nThis was estimated at $600,000 last April, and we approved it. Now we find that the work has not been started, that the estimate had risen to $1,400,000 when the Governor Council was considering the estimates. It was then said that the plans were being revised to see if a scheme could be produced which would not involve such heavy expenditure but would still afford substantial protection and be capable of subsequent development. Now the Governor reports that the revised estimate shows not a decrease but an increase to $1,540,000, and \"it seems probable that this large expenditure cannot be reduced\". $25,000 has been put on the estimates, and the Governor proposes to address us fully on the subject soon - he apparently intends that the cost should be met out of balances and increased light dues. We can only await the proposals, but the position is not satisfactory.\n\nA despatch is promised about funds for railway construction; meanwhile £220,000 repaid by the Viceroy of Wuchang has been advanced to the Railway, and £3.13.0% interest on this is provided together with the interest on a further sum of about £125,000. For the exceptional arrangement under which the railway construction is being financed, see 30971/06.\n\nThe estimates have been altered in form, divided into sections - the debt charges and pensions put last instead of first. The result is not, in my opinion, any great improvement; they had much better keep to a uniform.\n\nPage 561",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-341 - Acting Governor May Governor Lugard - 1907 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 581,
        "title": "CO129-341 - Acting Governor May Governor Lugard - 1907 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "PRESENT:- \n\nHIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR, SIR FREDERICK JOHN DEALTRY LUGARD, K.C.M.G., C.B., D.S.O.\n\nHis Excellency Major-General R. G. BROADWOOD, C.B., A‚O.D., General Officer Commanding the Troops.\n\nHon. Mr. F. H. MAY, (Colonial Secretary), Hon. Mr. W. REES DAVIES, (Attorney-General)\n\nHon. Mr. A. M. THOMSON, (Colonial Treasurer).\n\nHon. Mr. W. CHATHAM, C.M.G. (Director of Public Works).\n\nHon. Mr. A.W.BREWIN (Registrar-General), Hon. Commander BASIL R. H. TAYLOR, R.N., (Harbour Master).\n\nHon. Dr. Ho Kai, M.B., C.M., C.M.G. Hon. Mr. B. A. HEWETT.\n\nHon. Mr. H. KESWICK,\n\nHon. Mr. WEI YUK.\n\nHon. Mr. E. OSBORNE.\n\nMr. A. G. M. FLETCHER (Clerk of Councils),\n\nMINUTES.\n\nThe minutes of the previous meeting were read, and confirmed.\n\nSTANDING COMMITTEES.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY-Before proceeding with the business, under the standing orders it is necessary to appoint the standing committees for the year.\n\nFinance Committee-All the members except myself, with the Colonial Secretary as chairman.\n\nLaw Committee-The Attorney-General as chairman and the former members, Hon. Dr. Ho Kai, Hon. Mr. Wei Yuk, Hon. Mr. H. E. Pollock and the Hon. the Harbour Master.\n\nThe Public Works Committee remains without change-The Hon. Director of Public Works, Chairman, the Hon. Colonial Treasurer, Hon. Mr. Osborne and Hon. Mr. Keswick.\n\nFINANCIAL MINUTES.\n\nThe COLONIAL SECRETARY, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table Financial Minutes 48 and 49 and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee.\n\nThe COLONIAL TREASURER seconded, and the motion was agreed to.\n\nFINANCIAL.\n\nThe COLONIAL SECRETARY, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table the report of the Finance Committee No. 9 and moved its adoption.\n\nThe COLONIAL TREASURER seconded, and the motion was agreed to.\n\nTHE COMPANIES ORDINANCE.\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL-Sir, I move the second reading of the Bill to Amend the Law Relating to Companies. Now Sir, the object of the Bill is set forth in the preamble. Companies registered under the Ordinance of 1865 are required to keep a register of members. Under this Bill the Governor-in-Council is empowered to grant a license relieving a company from keeping its register at the registered office in Hongkong. In such case, the register kept hitherto presumably at the head office of the company is to be regarded as the register kept under the Companies Ordinance 1865. I may say, Sir, that the Bill has received the full consideration of the Chamber of Commerce at Hongkong and also of the authorities representing the various companies in Shanghai which will be primarily interested in the proposal. Representations have been forwarded to the Government from the representatives of the various Shanghai companies, and they approved in general all the proposals contained in the Bill. There were, Sir, two or three amendments proposed by the representatives of the Shanghai companies, and they were submitted for the consideration of the Government, which has approved of all these amendments. Two out of three were incorporated in the Bill and in reference to the third amendment, the Government approved of it in a modified form. The amendments proposed by the representatives of the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce were considered in regard to clause 4 of the Bill, where it is proposed that a fee of four cents for every $100 of the nominal capital of the company should be paid in respect of the license issued under the Ordinance. It was suggested that instead of \"nominal capital\" it should be \"paid up capital.\" We are of the opinion that that was a practical proposal and the Government amended it accordingly. In clause 4, sub-section 3 (b) the question of domicile was raised and in regard to stamp duties, it was suggested in the Bill as originally drafted in clause 4, sub-section 3 (b) the words \"domicile elsewhere than in the Colony,\" should be eliminated. The reasons for this, which I think are unnecessary to recapitulate, appear to be sufficient. The Government eliminated these words. The only other amendment was in clause 6, sub-section 1, which requires that in the event of a company not having obtained a license, it shall be struck off the register if it fails to comply with the Ordinance after the expiration of one month. The proposal from Shanghai was that the time of expiration of notice should be three months instead of one. The Government has met them half way and suggested that a notice of two months would be sufficient. The Bill is non-controversial and I trust the Council will approve. I move that the Bill be read a second time.\n\nThe COLONIAL SECRETARY seconded.\n\nHon. Mr. HEWETT-Sir, after the explanation made by the Hon. Attorney-General, it is unnecessary for me to say anything.\n\nHe explained to the Council that the question had been referred to Shanghai, and the Bill as it now stands in its altered form with one slight alteration, has been accepted by the Chambers of Commerce at Shanghai and Hongkong. With regard to section 6, sub-section 1, I wish to make a slight suggestion which, I trust, we will be enabled to deal with in the committee stage of the Bill.\n\nThe Bill was then read a second time. Council went into committee to consider the Bill clause by clause, and the Attorney-General intimated he would consider the point raised by the Hon. Mr. Hewett and, if necessary, recommit the Bill.\n\nEXPOSURE IN THE STOCKS.\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL-Sir, I rise to move the second reading of the Bill entitled an Ordinance to limit the imposition by public exposure in the stocks. I need not expatiate on this Bill at any length. It has been thought that punishment inflicted in the stocks has in some cases taken rather an exaggerated form. Having regard to representations in the matter, it is desirable that in future punishment should be limited to cases where an offence is punishable by imprisonment. The Bill is introduced with that object.\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY seconded.\n\nHon. Mr. KESWICK-I wish, Sir, to oppose this Bill because I feel it is being rushed on us. You will pardon me, Your Excellency, if I call your attention to the fact that you have only recently arrived here, and have not had the opportunity of studying the conditions under which we live and the conditions of crime and the status of the people who commit crimes and incommode us here. The Hon. Attorney-General has also but recently arrived. I cannot but feel that we are being rushed on this Bill by a small section of the Chinese community who evidently have control of one of the morning papers and who, having acquired a certain amount of Western knowledge and learning, consider the exposure of their fellow countrymen in the stocks is a reflection upon themselves. They, however, entirely forget that we are absolutely next door to China, and that a man only requires twenty minutes to get over the border. The people who are punished by stocks are not the enlightened gentlemen of the Chinese nation who are a credit to any nation.\n\nPage 576",
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        "title": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## Rule VI.-Classes of Goods\n\nThe divisions and subdivisions are not framed in such a way as to commend the method to the Sub-Committee, in whose opinion a revision is most desirable, somewhat on the lines of the English classification, unless a better plan can be devised. This applies to the classification as a whole (Article 16).\n\nArticle 17. \"A single trade-mark may be employed for a variety of goods, but such goods must all be of a similar class, and the registration of the trade-marks be applied for by the same person.\"\n\nThis is altogether unreasonable. It debars the owner of a trade-mark which he uses on piece-goods from using the same design for, say, decorated trays, or flour, or soap, &c. Further, in the event of his not requiring the mark for any but piece-goods, its registration under another class by another applicant also becomes impossible.\n\nThe ground would be sufficiently covered by stating that \"Applications for the registration of the same mark in different classes shall be treated as separate and distinct applications\" (vide Sebastian, fol. 403, \"Trade-marks Rules, 1890,\" Rule 13).\n\n## Rule VII.-Trade-marks Fees\n\nArticles 20-23. Although the fees are less than demanded in the former draft Regulations, 1904, the Sub-Committee is strongly of opinion that they are not in accordance with the Treaty, which stipulated for registration at reasonable fees. A comparison of the Chinese and English scales and their application will show that the Chinese is not less than three times greater than that of the English.\n\n## Special Trade-marks Rules\n\n### Regulation II.--Trade-marks previously Registered in a Foreign Country\n\nArticle 7 calls for the certificate of previous registration to be forwarded to the Trade-marks Bureau for inspection. As in practice it would not be possible to get original certificates here, it is important that a copy of certificate be sufficient, or a copy of notifications of registration.\n\nArticle 8. In the opinion of the Sub-Committee, the evidence of title afforded by a copy of certificate renders the expense and delay in getting a Chinese Consular certificate unnecessary, and this Article is therefore superfluous.\n\nArticle 12. The period of six months named in this Article seems to conflict with the period of one year named in `Regulation I, Article 5`.\n\n## Regulation respecting the Special Staff and Distribution of the Offices of the Trade-marks Bureau\n\nHaving in view the fact that the trade-marks rights of British subjects may be jeopardized unless the staff and high officials in charge of the Trade-marks Bureau are fully qualified by experience for their posts, the Sub-Committee urge the importance of pressing for the appointment of a duly qualified Comptroller selected by the Patents Office, England, and located in Shanghae; further, that this post shall continue to be held by a British subject so long as British trade in China predominates. Failing this, appeal from the President of the Bureau to the Diplomatic Body in Peking should be accorded.\n\n## General Remarks\n\nThe Sub-Committee, in the foregoing paragraphs, have criticized merely the Regulations as printed, but they also beg to draw attention to some of the points of importance which do not appear to be dealt with at all:-\n\n- Series of marks (section 66, Patents Act): The registration of marks in series at reduced fees is not provided for.\n- Registration of trade-marks in colours (section 67, Patent Act): Provision for this is also omitted.\n- Removal of registered mark from the register: Provision for this is also omitted.\n- Certificate of refusal to register: Provision for this is also omitted.\n\nIn comparing the Regulations in question with the English Patents, &c., Act and Trade-marks Rules, so many omissions and ambiguities are brought to light that the Sub-Committee feel that it is necessary, in order to have a satisfactory Chinese Code, to omit no privilege or safeguard which is embodied in the English Acts and Regulations. Nor do the Sub-Committee consider such an attitude unreasonable, as in compiling their Regulations the Chinese Government have at their command the results of the combined experience of Western nations.\n\nThe Sub-Committee are of the opinion that it is a matter of importance that the Regulations provide that open marks, recognized as such in China prior to the Mackay Treaty or to the coming into force of the Trade-marks Regulations, shall remain open marks, and that registration of the same shall be refused.\n\nIt is also desired to point out that the former recommendations of the China Association regarding the recording of old marks (registered or not registered in a foreign country) at an initial fee of 10 taels plus 5 taels per mark has not been given effect to.\n\nAs regards the registration of foreign \"hong names, also referred to on a previous occasion at a meeting of the China Association, the Sub-Committee is strongly of opinion that this should be granted in a definite clause.\n\nIn this connection it may be asked whether `Regulation 1, Article 2`, is intended to cover this point. If so, it is not sufficiently clear.\n\nIn conclusion, the Sub-Committee venture to suggest that it might be well to wait until Japan has concluded Treaties with England and China on the subject of trade-marks before finally approving any Regulations put forward by China for introduction in her own dominions.\n\n(Signed)\n\n**LESLIE J. CUBITT.**  \n**E. C. PEARCE.**  \n**JAMES MCKIE.**  \n\n31  \n133",
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        "content_text": "## 4.\n\nThey have imbibed ideas of liberty wholly unknown to them heretofore. They have fallen easy victims to the revolutionary propaganda carried on amongst them with vigour by both Chinese and Japanese revolutionaries. These students have exaggerated and impossible ideas of what constitutes individual liberty, which leads them into ridiculous positions. The attitude assumed by these people would be comic, were it not that there is a decidedly dangerous aspect to the situation. The students energetically preach the doctrines of individual liberty, and at the same time are most keen to assert the \"sovereign rights\" of China. They have not the faintest notion what is involved by either of these terms, and put their own interpretation upon them. The most absurd pretensions are set up. There is no idea of perspective or proportion.\n\nThe students are almost without exception Chinese, and, fired by the example of Cromwell, Washington, and other heroes of Western history, about whom they are now learning for the first time, are anxious to reproduce in their own lives and nation the examples set by these worthies. They engage in fierce declamations and violent writings, and enthusiastically enter into the revolutionary movement, with a view to freeing the Chinese Empire from the domination of their Manchu masters.\n\nEvery attempt on the part of foreigners to open mines, negotiate loans, tender for railways, or any other public enterprise, is at once met by a chorus of disapproval by Chinese students in Japan and elsewhere. A few months ago, in the dispute between the Peking Syndicate and the Chinese Government, a Shansi student in Japan put off from the shore in a boat and drowned himself, having first written a letter addressed to his countrymen stating that he could not live and see his country disgraced and her \"sovereign rights\" dragged into the dust by foreigners. This act, which seems melodramatic in our eyes, inflamed the students of his own province; 2,000 of them met in the capital of Shansi - Tai Yuen - and passed all kinds of fierce resolutions. Many advised a wholesale suicide, so as to force the Government to revoke in a most arbitrary manner a contract legally entered into with the Syndicate, and which has been in operation for several years. Within the last few days, vigorous telegrams have been addressed by the students in Japan to the Government against the French Railway in South China, and also in connection with the Kowloon-Canton Railway. This kind of thing takes place in every commercial enterprise in which foreigners are concerned.\n\nThe mass of people have hitherto been strictly forbidden to discuss official acts. I well remember in 1894 Proclamations being issued warning people against discussing in the tea houses and other places the events of the Japanese war then in full progress. From that state of affairs to a free discussion of the Government's policy is a long way indeed; from that position to connection with the revolutionary propaganda is only a step.\n\nOther causes are at work which increase the feeling of discontent.\n\nIn a number of extensive areas during the last year, crops have failed more or less completely. As a consequence, there are immense numbers of peasant people who are either actually starving or on the verge of starvation. These are naturally ready to join any movement which holds out a hope of improving their condition. Many of these people say they have to die in any case and they may as well die fighting.\n\nThe ill-considered Opium Edicts will also throw large numbers of people out of employment, and add them to the lawless and disaffected multitude. The earlier Edict allowed a gradual curtailing of the trade, looking to its total extinction in ten years. This prudent move has given way to a hot, enthusiastic impulse, which has led the Government to a policy which has for its object the immediate and total eradication of the vice.\n\nIf this method is carried through, it will certainly work disaster. In the first place, there will be a shrinking in the revenue to an amount probably exceeding 20,000,000 taels (3,000,000l), which cannot be easily replaced; in the next place, great numbers of opium shops and dens will be closed, rendering their furniture and equipment valueless. The loss will fall, without recompense, on the owners, who will certainly not welcome the innovation. Further, immense multitudes of opium smokers will be deprived of their drug, and will entertain no friendly feelings towards those who thus arbitrarily interfere with the gratification of their appetites. There are also large numbers of officials and other wealthy people who have more or less vested interests at stake, who will lose most of their money. Lastly, the immense areas of land given over to the cultivation of the poppy, yielding to the owners much better returns than can be obtained from other crops, will no longer be put to such profitable employment. All these people will be out of sympathy with the reform. I am not at all sure that this root-and-branch policy can be carried out. The plan is certainly ill-considered, and the Government will meet with difficulty in the carrying out of the policy. I have my doubts as to whether force of circumstances will not compel them to very considerably modify it. These and other causes have very greatly strengthened the number of secret societies which exist throughout China, and are in every case anti-dynastic.\n\nIn spite of the wide-spread disaffection, I do not believe a revolution has any chance of being successful. In order to succeed, the movement requires to obtain a definite and strong start, and to do this, money, arms, and above all things, a good leader, are necessary. Considerable sums of money have been subscribed, certain quantities of arms have been smuggled in and distributed, but certainly no leader, such as will command universal confidence, has yet appeared. Of course, it is possible that the occasion may produce the man, but long before any successful start is made which would give the movement a distinct footing, the Government's forces from all quarters would crush it out of existence. The only chance, in my opinion, for a successful anti-dynastic revolution is for a high official, like Yuan Shi Kai, a Chinaman, with troops, money, and power to head the agitation, supposing that he ever contemplated such a course of action. As far as appearances go, therefore, a revolution does not seem to present many chances of success. There will certainly be a number of local outbreaks in various districts in China, such as has recently occurred in Ping Siang, but unless something entirely unforeseen develops, a successful revolution seems to be out of the question.\n\n### 3. A Foreign War\n\nThere remains the other danger of a foreign war. You are, perhaps, in a better position than I am to estimate the probability of any Western Power going to war with China. China is a huge \"passive resister.\" The Government does not actually, by flagrant overt acts, destroy the Treaties. It does not wage open war against foreigners and foreign interests but seeks in every possible way to restrict the rights of foreigners, and absolutely refuses to allow them to exercise the rights which are accorded in the Treaty, not by distinctly meeting the request with a positive negative, but by drawing up regulations which put the enterprises entirely beyond the range of commercial exploitation. As far as China is concerned, she thus attains her ends. Though no definite action on the part of China presents a casus belli, the series of acts as effectually stop foreign enterprise as a distinct opposition Edict.\n\nThe Ministers of the Western Powers are patiently negotiating with the Representatives of the Government in Peking, but almost always unsuccessfully. If the patience of Western Powers becomes worn away to such a degree that one or more of them should say to China that they insist upon the reversal of the present policy with a threat of recourse to more violent measures unless the same is changed, China would, I think, immediately give way. Colquhoun, Michie, and other writers, refer to history to prove that China has always yielded to a threat of force. Lord Elgin's policy was never to make a just demand and recede from it. The Powers might well demand that China shall actively put into force and make effective her Treaties with the threat that, failing to comply, they will take substantial securities to compel such action and the effective carrying out of the Treaty obligations. I think such an announcement, backed with a show of force, would cause China to at once fall into line. At the same time, there would always be the danger that China, inflated with pride because of her military reforms, might refuse, and, driven forward by the militant student class confident of their ability to defend the Chinese \"sovereign rights,\" bring about a state of actual war. A war would probably be of very short duration. The Chinese armies would not have a shadow of chance against a well-equipped foreign expedition. While such is the immediate state of affairs, one can see no sign immediately apparent of any Western Power proceeding to these lengths and forcing a war with China. The lapse of time will probably accentuate the position, and may cause some Power to take a vigorous line of action from which they all now seem to shrink.\n\nIt is certain the present policy cannot be continued indefinitely, even though none of the theories enumerated above prove to be correct. Continual intrigue goes on in the Palace at Peking, and at any moment the party in the ascendant may be hurled from power.\n\nThe Empress Dowager, too, is becoming a very old woman, and, in the ordinary course of events, Nature will have her away, and she will certainly in the more or less near future be called to be \"a guest on high.\" It is quite useless to speculate as to what will happen when that event occurs. In the meantime, as stated at the commencement of this article, there may at any moment be a shuffling of the cards in Peking which would change the aspect of affairs. Foreigners will continue to be the sport of contending parties till an enlightened view is taken by a strong Government.\n\n[2450 gg-1]\n\n244",
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        "page_number": 355,
        "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## Inclosure 2 in No. 1, July 11-21, 1907\n\n### LIST of Chinese Troops on or near the Peking-Shanhaikuan Railway Line\n\n| Date of Arrival | Place | Number of Men | Detail |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | Pei-tai-ho | 5 | Of the 2nd cavalry regiment of the 2nd Division of the Lu Chun, detached from Fu-ning Hsien. Armed with Mauser carbines |\n| November 1906 | Tang-ho | 100 | Of the 2nd cavalry ying of the Hua Chun, under Captain Ting, at Hai-yang, 2 miles north of Tang-ho. Armed with Mauser carbines |\n| November 1906 | Shanhaikuan | 20 | Of the 3rd ying of the Huni Chun, under Colonel Wang. Armed with Mausers |\n| 30 June 1907 | Lu-t'ai | 30 | Of the 5th infantry ying of the Huai Chun, under Second Lieutenant Tuan. Armed with Mausers |\n|  | Total | 100 |  |\n|  |  | 1,035 |  |\n\nThe above Huai Chun troops are all of the Le-tzu brigade of the Huai Chun, except those at Ta-ku, who are of the I-tzu brigade. The Le-tzu brigade is commanded by Brigadier-General Lei, who lives at Chang-li, the I-tzu brigade by Brigadier-General Fan, who lives at Hsin-ch'eng, 12 miles east of Tien-tsin.\n\nThe Huai Chun are badly trained and badly disciplined, but they are soldiers, not policemen. A police force, quite separate from the Huai Chun, also armed with rifles, which they carry at night, exists at all the railway stations and at all the principal towns along the line.\n\nIt will be noticed that, of the total of 1,035 men on or near the line, 350 were new arrivals in June 1907. These 350 men have been taken from the 5th infantry ying at Han-liu-shu, near Tien-tsin, and from the 6th infantry ying at Kou-pang-tzu, in Manchuria.\n\nThe only troops of the Lu-chun are the five men at Pei-tai-ho.\n\n(Signed) H. K. DAVIES, Major, General Staff, North China Command\n\n### Inclosure 3 in No. 1\n\n| Date of Arrival | Place | Number of Men | Detail |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| June 1907 | Yang-ts'un | 100 | Of the 6th infantry ying of the Huai Chun, under Captain Wu. Armed with Mannlichers |\n| 1904 | Ta-ku | 200 | Of the 3rd infantry ying of the I-tzu Huai Chun, under Captain Tsao, in Hai Ta-ku (Western Ta-ku) |\n| 1904 | Ta-ku | 200 | Of the 4th infantry ying of the I-tzu Huai Chun, under Captain Hsia, in Tung Ta-ku (Eastern Ta-ku) |\n| June 1907 | Tang-fang | 45 | Of the 5th infantry ying of the Huai Chun, under Lieutenant Chang. Armed with Mannlichers |\n| June 1907 | Wang-lien-chuang | 77 | Of the 6th infantry ying of the Huai Chun, under Lieutenant Fan. Armed with Mannlichers |\n|  | Tang-fang | 30 | Of the 6th infantry ying of the Huai Chun, ander Lieutenant Fan, at Wang-lien-chuang, 2 miles south-east of Tang-fang. Armed with Mannlichers |\n|  | T'ang-shan | 25 |  |\n|  | K'ai-ping | 10 | Of the 3rd infantry ying of the Huai Chun. Armed with Mausers |\n|  | Ku-yeh | 40 | Of the 5th infantry ying of the Huai Chun, under Lieutenant Yang. Armed with Mannlichers |\n|  | Lan-chou | 40 | Of the 5th infantry ying of the Huai Chun, under Lieutenant Wang. Armed with Mannlichers |\n|  | Chang-li | 80 | Of the 1st infantry ying of the Huai Chun, under Brigadier-General Lei, who lives here, and commands the whole of the Le-tzu Huai Chun. Armed with Mausers |\n| 1906 | Chang-li | 40 | Of the 2nd infantry ying of the Huai Chun. Armed with Mausers |\n|  | Liu-shou-ying | 10 | Of the 5th infantry ying of the Huai Chun, under Lieutenant Tang, in Chang-chuang, 1 mile north-west of Liu-shou-ying. Armed with Mausers |\n|  | An-shan.. | 30 |  |\n\n### Clause 6 of Report by the Commanders of the Allied Forces, dated April 12, 1902\n\n**LES GARNISONS CHINOISES** qui sont actuellement à moins de 30 kilomètres de la voie ferrée de Pékin-Tong-kou-Chan-hai-kouan ne devront être augmentées en aucune circonstance. Le Gouvernement Chinois en fera connaître les emplacements et les effectifs à la date du 1o Avril.\n\nCertified true copy:  \nH. K. DAVIES, Major, General Staff, North China Command\n\n## Sir J. Jordan to General Waters\n\nPeking, August 17, 1907.\n\nI HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of the 13th instant, in which you quote a clause from the terms laid down in 1902 by the Allied Commanders in connection with the handing over of the native city of Tien-tsin, to the effect that the Chinese garrisons within less than 18 miles of the Peking-Shanhaikuan Railway were under no circumstances to be increased, and state that it has recently come to your knowledge that small bodies of Chinese troops have been stationed since 1904 at thirteen different points close to the railway, the total number now being 1,035, 350 of whom had arrived since June last.\n\nYou add that there is no record in your office to show that the terms formulated by the Commanders were communicated to or accepted by the Chinese Government.\n\nIn reply, I have the honour to inform you that, so far as I can ascertain, the",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 402,
        "title": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "7. Twenty thousand pounds, part of the capital sum of 200,000£ secured by this bond, will be redeemed by the Company on the 31st day of December, \n\nand \n\na similar amount on each succeeding \n\nuntil the whole of the said capital sum of 200,000£ shall have been redeemed or paid off. And the Company will at the same time as every such payment of 20,000£ of capital is made pay, in addition thereto, to the bearer of this bond the following premiums on the said sum of 20,000£, namely, a premium of 20l per cent, thereon on the first date, 18l. per cent. thereon on the second date, 16l. per cent. thereon on the third date, 14l. per cent. thereon on the fourth date, 12l per cent. thereon on the fifth date, 10l. per cent, thereon on the sixth date, 8l. per cent, thereon on the seventh date, 6l. per cent, thereon on the eighth date, 4l. per cent. thereon on the ninth date, and 2l. per cent, thereon on the tenth date. \n\n8. The capital sum of 200,000£ interest and premiums secured by this bond is also represented by special bonds for different capital amounts and at different rates of interest, and falling due at different dates, the particulars of which special bonds will be indorsed upon the back hereof and upon payment of the principal moneys, premiums, and interest secured by the said special bonds the Company shall be relieved of obligation to pay the corresponding amounts of the capital sum of 200,000£. premium or interest represented by this bond, \n\n9. The proceeds of this loan are to be applied by the Company under the joint supervision and control of Messrs. Bewick, Moreing, and Co., of London, and Gustav Detring, of Tien-tsin, or their respective deputies, in the construction of a pier at the new Treaty port of Ching-wang Tao in the Province of Chihli, and in the acquisition and opening up of a new colliery near the railway station of Kuyeh on the Tien-tsin-Shanhaikwan railway-line, in the Province of Chihli, or such other colliery as may be approved by the said Bewick, Moreing, and Co., and Gustav Detring, and such pier and collieries are to be under the management of the said Bewick, Moreing, and Co., and Gustav Detring during the continuance of this security. \n\n10. All payments of principal, premiums and interest will be at the office of the Railway Share, Trust, and Agency Company (Limited) in London. \n\nWitnesses to the \n\n(Signed) \n\nsignature of Mr. Chang Yen Mao: \n\nHERBERT C. HOOVER, \n\nG. DETRING (?). \n\nBefore me, this 20th day of September, 1890. \n\n(Signed) \n\nH. KING, \n\nHis Britannic Majesty's Pro-Consul, Tien-tsin. \n\n[Chinese writing here.] \n\nA \n\n7 \n\n2. Mr. Hoover having declared the Yen-tung Shan silver mines exhausted, and recommended their being shut down, I wish to have it understood that I may also dispose of them as I think best for the interest of the Company. \n\n3. With regard to the proposed new colliery at Wushui Chwang, I wish to have it clearly understood that although, until the repayment in full of the loan, you shall have the right to appoint the engineer who is to have charge of the technical directions of the colliery and to control generally the expenditure to be incurred in connection with the opening and working of the mine, the high supervision will be exercised by me and the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company, and that on my demand the engineer must be changed should at any time he act in a manner contrary to the interests of the Company or make himself objectionable. It shall, at the same time, be understood that the accounts of the colliery are to be kept in Chinese and English and in conformity with Western practice and statistical notions in accordance with the engineer's instructions, \n\n4. The harbour works at Ching-wang Tao I wish to be conducted by Mr. Hughes, and that his functions be shaped and limited in the same manner as those of the engineer for the Wu-shui Chwang Mines as set forth above. \n\n5. As to the loan of 200,000£, I desire that the sum of 150,000£. be as soon as possible remitted to the credit of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company with the Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China, at Tien-tsin, and that the balance of 50,000£. be placed to the Company's credit with the same bank in London, and that interest shall be reckoned and become due from the day the money has thus been remitted and deposited which should take place on the same day in order to facilitate the calculation of interest. \n\n6. I desire that after the tenth year it shall be optional with the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company to repay the whole or any portions of the loan, on the understanding that on such repayments as will be made before the term when they become due the proportionate rate of premium according to the scale fixed upon by the mortgage bond shall be issued, and that this optional faculty left to the Company shall not interfere with the terms fixed upon in the bond for the repayment of the loan. \n\n7. With regard to purchases of material and plant to be procured in England for the Wu-shui Chwang Colliery and the Ching-wang Tao Harbour Works, I propose that yourself and Messrs. Barry and Co., should act in consultation with Captain Calder. \n\nHoping that you will see your way to give your assent to the suggestions and wishes set forth in this letter, I remain, &c. \n\n(Signed) CHANG YI [Chinese characters], \n\nDirector-General of all the Mines in Chihli Province and Jeno. \n\nDear Mr. Moreing, \n\nAnnexure No. 7. \n\nChang Yen Mao to Mr. C. A. Moreing, \n\nChinese Engineering and Mining Company, \n\nDirectors Office, Tien-tsin, October 17, 1899. \n\nI BEG to inform you that by this outgoing mail, I despatch to the address of Captain Calder the letter and mortgage bond that are to enable you to raise on behalf of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company a loan of 200,000£. required for, and to be applied to the construction of a harbour pier at Ching-wang Tao, and for the opening of a new colliery at Washui Chwang. \n\nThe delay which has occurred in the transmission of these documents will be explained to you by Mr. Detring. \n\nIn order to obviate further loss of time, I have signed the documents without any alterations of the text placed before me by you, but at the same time, I have directed Captain Calder to negotiate and obtain before handing over the papers, your written assent to the following alterations, additions, and interpretations of the mortgage bond :- \n\n1. Although the whole of the property of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company shall form the substantial security for the loan of 200,000£., I do not wish to be deprived under the bond signed of the faculty to dispose of the shares which the Company has in the Tangshan-Tien-tsin-Railway and various Mining Companies enumerated in the mortgage bond. \n\nAnnexure No. 8. \n\nImperial Decree communicated to Chang, Under-Secretary of the Grand Council, by the Imperial Cabinet, in obedience to their Majesties' Commands. \n\nCHANG YI has submitted two Memorials, the first recommending the formation \n\nof a Mining Association for the Province of Chihli and Tehol. The second containing a detailed report on Chin-wang Tao, where it is proposed to make a harbour, the funds required to be procured by a loan to be raised by the Kaiping Mining Company. \n\nChihli is the foremost province of the Empire, and it is right that it should take the lead in opening mines. \n\nChin-wang Tao is a place of strategical importance for coast defence. Having carefully considered the matters submitted, we now command the Under-Secretary to proceed to carry out his proposals. The work must be carried out gradually, and on a carefully matured plan, so as to insure success, and thus justify his appoint- ment. \n\nLet this Decree be communicated to him for his information. \n\n400",
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        "id": 415760,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 455,
        "title": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "10\n\nfields ready to be carted to the farm-houses; beans were also harvested, the small millet (Setaria italica) was being cut, while hemp (Cannabis sativa), tobacco, and turnips were still in the ground.\n\nWe\n\nBetween Feng-huang Ting and Ts'ao-ho-kow, which are distant 38.5 and 92.4 miles from Antung respectively by rail, two mountain ranges, the Chi-kuan-shan (Cockscomb) and Ta-fang-shen, have to be crossed and the track zig-zags up and down the steep slopes in a somewhat alarming manner. The curves are marvellously sharp, and it was no surprise to be told that the cars frequently leave the rails. We were fortunate, however, and reached Ts'ao-ho-kow on time (7:15 P.M.), where we had to spend the night in the usual Japanese hotel. There had been cases of cholera at Antung, and there was a medical examination of all passengers on arrival at Tsao-ho-kow. Both pulses were felt by a Japanese doctor, and I was very much afraid that my servant, who had been unable to raise his head all day, would be rejected; but he passed the test without a word, although he was so ill overnight that I had serious intentions of leaving him behind. Next morning he pulled himself together, and, though still very ill, refused to be left behind in Japanese hands.\n\nPunctually at 7:40 A.M. the train, much diminished in size, steamed out of Ts'ao-ho-kow, and, after ascending a valley in which a stream meanders from side to side and has to be repeatedly crossed over trestle bridges, arrived at Ch'iao-t'ou, 38.4 miles from Ts'ao-ho-kow, at 8 minutes past noon. The train was here divided into two portions, and the fore part, consisting of an open baggage wagon, a passenger car, and a small mail van, was dispatched. Crossing the stream it began the ascent of the Mo-tien-ling at the station of Fu-chin, 21 miles from Ch'iao-t'ou, and reached the highest point of the crossing at Ta-tung, 23 miles from Fu-chin. The descent on the north side was very steep (1 in 35 being quite common), and at one point the train had to be backed down. All passed off well: at the station of Meng-chia we had to wait for the other half of the train; and at 3:22 P.M. a fresh start was made for Mukden. About 5 miles from Meng-chia we crossed a long trestle bridge over the T'ai-tzu, which passes the city of Liao-yang, and enters the Hun River, a tributary of the Liao, to the town of Pen-hsi-hu, well known for its coal mines, ironworks, and the manufacture of large brown earthenware jars. The railway traverses the town from end to end along one of its main streets. The city of Feng-huang Ting was too far off to be able to judge of its size, but Pen-hsi-hu is undoubtedly a town of considerable size and importance, and is the largest place touched by the Antung-Mukden line. It is an easy run of 45.8 miles from Pen-hsi-hu to the railway station about 2 miles to the west of Mukden, and this was accomplished, mostly in the dark, in 6 hours 11 minutes, the stoppages at the three intervening stations aggregating 16 minutes, but the well-wooded valleys were replaced by the dull uninteresting plain on which Mukden stands.\n\nBy Article 6 of the Additional Agreement between China and Japan of 1905, \"The Imperial Chinese Government agree that Japan has the right to maintain and work the military line constructed between Antung and Mukden, and to improve the said line so as to make it fit for the conveyance of commercial and industrial goods of all nations. The term for which such right is conceded is 15 years from the date of completion of the improvements above provided for. The work of such improvements is to be completed within two years, exclusive of a period of twelve months during which it will have to be delayed owing to the necessity of using the existing line for the withdrawal of troops. The term of the Concession above mentioned is therefore to expire in the 48th year of Kuang Hsü. At the expiration of that term, the said railway shall be sold to China at a price to be determined by appraisement of all its properties by a foreign expert, who will be selected by both parties. The conveyance by railway of the troops and munitions of war of the Chinese Government prior to such sale shall be dealt with in accordance with the Regulations of the Eastern Chinese Railway. Regarding the manner in which the improvements of the railway are to be effected, it is agreed that the person undertaking the work on behalf of Japan shall consult with the Commissioner dispatched for the purpose by China. The Chinese Government will also appoint a Commissioner to look after the business relating to the railway as is provided in the Agreement relating to the Eastern Chinese Railway. It is further agreed that detailed regulations shall be concluded regarding the tariffs for the carriage by the railway of the public and private goods of China.\"\n\nSo far as I could see or ascertain, there is no through traffic except passengers on the line. There was a little charcoal carried between stations evidently for the use of the railway employés, and poles and planks for building purposes along\n\n11\n\n452\n\nthe line. Railway guards were in evidence at every station, and at Antung they numbered 200 men. No commencement has yet been made in improving the line, and I was informed that, in view of the enormous expenditure that would have to be incurred for the tunnelling and bridging necessary to convert the present light railway into a line suitable for commercial purposes, it has been decided that an easier alignment must be found.\n\nMukden.\n\nThe actual brick-walled city of Mukden covers an area of 1 square mile, and may be described as a miniature Peking, but the suburbs which surround it on all sides have a circumference of 13 miles, and the whole is enclosed by an earth or mud wall. Changes have taken place since I visited it in 1896, and they have assumed the same shape as in Peking—new roads and a police force—both badly needed. A fine, wide metalled road, some 2 miles in length, leads from the railway station to the main West Gate of the inner city, wherein four similar roads connecting the eight gates have recently been built by a Japanese contractor at a cost to the provincial Government of about £15,000 a mile. It seems a large sum (£60,000 for 4 miles of metalled roads), but the Japanese by their command of the railway were the only people in a position to bring the necessary stone and carry out the work. A tramway is to connect the station with the city, and about 20 yards had just been laid at the station end. Uniformed police, armed with batons during the day and rifles with bayonets at night, are stationed 200 yards apart on every street, and are said to maintain excellent order, an example which might well be followed by other cities of Manchuria to be referred to later. In addition to the police, there is a body of 10,000 foreign-drilled troops in and around the city. While the old Palace is being repaired and new offices in foreign style built for the Viceroy and Government, the towers over the gates of the city are being demolished as unsafe. They will doubtless have to be rebuilt, and although the late Viceroy is said to have handed over a balance of 7,000,000 taels to his successor, it has already dwindled to 500,000 taels, and funds are urgently needed to complete the work already in hand and carry out other reforms. The Viceroy was absent in Peking, but I had two interviews with the Governor (His Excellency Tang Shao-yi), and he strongly urged that the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation should open a branch in Mukden. Mr. Gardner, an agent of that Bank, was in Mukden during my visit inquiring into prospects of business, and discussing the whole question with the Governor, but I gathered from him that, as the principal business of the Bank is exchange transactions, the absence of foreign merchants and direct trade with foreign countries offered little inducement to establish a branch anywhere in Manchuria. There are already two foreign banks in the city, the Russo-Chinese and the Yokohama Specie Banks, and the Chinese Government Hu Pu Bank, but their raison d'être would appear to be to lend money to Chinese merchants on profitable terms. A large provincial loan is the object in view, and large sums and securities have been talked over, but nothing definite has been arranged, and Mr. Gardner, who came back to Peking to report, has returned to Mukden to consult with the Viceroy and Governor.\n\nIn addition to the British Consul-General, there are now Consular representatives of Germany, Japan, Russia, and the United States at Mukden. With the exception of the Russian Consul, who shares with the Japanese a Russian church inside the inner city, they live in the western suburb. Only four or five lots in the area set apart for a foreign Settlement between the railway and the city have been taken up, and the Governor informed me that he did not believe in Settlements, leaving me to infer that, so far as he was concerned, foreigners could live where they pleased. The British-American Tobacco Company is the only British firm with a British representative; Messrs. Butterfield and Swire employ a Chinese as agent for their Hong Kong sugars. There is one American merchant doing business on a small scale, and the representatives of German and other firms at Newchwang visit Mukden from time to time. Excluding the Yokohama Specie Bank, there are three large Japanese firms. According to the Japanese Consul-General, there are over 3,000 Japanese residents scattered through the city and suburbs, and their number is increasing every month. Japanese houses line a great part of the road leading from the station to the West Gate. Of course, there is the usual proportion of women, the singing girls, and waiting maids, while gambling-houses claim a considerable number. In one small room, I watched three men running a table something on the principle of roulette. The room was open to the street, and Chinese were betting on the colours on which three red balls about the size of cricket balls would rest after",
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        "id": 416337,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 502,
        "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "6\n\n(\n\n7\n\n# EDUCATIONAL AFFAIRS\n\nThe Union Christian University cost 20,000 taels.\n\nThe temporary Committee of Management have completed the purchase of the University site, a piece of land measuring some 250 mou, outside the south gate of Chengtu. The purchase deeds have been made out in the name of a Ssŭ Hui, representing the four Missions concerned, i.e., the Canadian Methodist, Methodist Episcopal, American Baptist Union, and the Friends Foreign Missionary Association. As the second and third named are American Missions, a difficulty has arisen regarding the registration of the property. The Committee wished to register the whole property at this Consulate-General under the above name, afterwards dividing it into four portions and registering the shares in the name of each Mission. In view of the dual nationality of the owners, I did not think this would be advisable, as I did not see how it could be arranged that each Mission received a legal title to its share. At my suggestion, the native owners are being asked to make out four purchase deeds, the land being roughly divided into four portions. Each Mission will take one, which will be registered either here or at the American Consulate in Chungking.\n\nAs I have been in some doubt as to the attitude the Chinese authorities would adopt towards this University, the more so as the original idea of a central college, or \"Chung Hsüeh Tang,\" for the scholars from the Mission primary schools throughout the province has gradually developed until the scheme comprises a university open to Christians and non-Christians, with a staff of professors specially engaged, and schools of electricity and engineering (the funds for the latter to be provided by the University of Chicago), I made it clear to the Committee of Management that I could not assist them with the registration of this property unless they would authorize me to inform the Viceroy of the purpose for which the land had been acquired. To this they agreed, somewhat reluctantly, and I therefore propose, when sending in the deeds to be stamped by the city Magistrate, to explain how the Missions have come to acquire this property. If there is to be opposition on the part of the Chinese authorities, it is better that their objections should be dealt with now than later on when the money is paid, and the Missions stand irretrievably committed to the scheme. As long as the secular side of the enterprise is not brought into too much prominence, and I have strongly advised the Committee to say as little as possible for the present regarding Chicago's share in the University—I do not apprehend that the Chinese will make any serious objections. I have already informed the Viceroy that the Protestant Missions are unifying their educational work in Szechuan, and that they propose to establish a central college in Chengtu, and the retiring Chengtu Magistrate has intimated to me that he is ready to stamp the deeds at once: the transfer fees will amount to over 1,000 taels. Unfortunately, the Committee cannot avail themselves of this opportunity, as half the members are away attending Council meetings in various parts of the province. As they are all to meet in Chengtu in a month's time, this furnishes one more instance of the unbusinesslike manner in which the Protestant Missions conduct their affairs.\n\nWhen discussing this university scheme in a former Report, I said that the small number of students in the Mission schools prepared for a university course did not seem to warrant the establishment of such an institution, at any rate for the present. The Registrar's Report on the Union Schools of Szechuan, just published, would appear to confirm this view. Of junior primary schools, there are 26, with 388 boys; of senior primary, 11, with 187 boys; of secondary (middle) schools, only 5, with 120 students. In the latter class, the numbers are not increasing; the three Chengtu schools actually show a falling off as compared with the last three years' average. In the Report above referred to, I estimated the number of students now ready for an advanced course at fifty or sixty. I now learn, after careful inquiry, that there are actually not more than twenty students sufficiently advanced to take the course as given in the Government College at Chengtu. There is, I cannot help thinking, a growing tendency on the part of some of the Protestant Missions in Szechuan, notably those hailing from the American continent, to neglect the preaching, even the medical part of their work, for the more attractive and much less burdensome task of providing the Chinese with education on Western lines. The Roman Catholic missions in Szechuan, whose methods one is bound to admire if one cannot always approve, pay little attention to education, but devote themselves entirely to a purely religious propaganda, making the conversion of the young their special care. The China Inland Mission, whose methods approximate most nearly to those pursued by the Roman Catholics, and who are undoubtedly the most successful Protestant organization in Western China, adopt a similar attitude towards secular education; they are holding entirely aloof from the University scheme.\n\n## Official Recognition of Mission Schools\n\nAt the recent annual meeting of the West China Christian Educational Union, Dr. Squibbs, of the Church Missionary Society, Mien Chu Hsien, related his unsuccessful attempt to obtain the registration of the Mission's primary school. The school being entirely under the management of native Christians and practically self-supporting, the curriculum and accommodation, moreover, complying in every respect with Government requirements, Dr. Squibbs had reason to hope that the educational authorities would not refuse to place the school on the official register. The local Magistrate and Director of Education were apparently prepared to do so, but the Bureau of Education in Chengtu, to whom the application was submitted, refused, quoting in support of their refusal a Circular from the Board of Education, dated the 1st November, 1906, in which the following sentence occurs: \"No Regulations have received the Imperial Assent permitting foreigners to establish schools in the interior. In addition to those schools already established, no objection will be made for the present to the opening of others, but there is no necessity to register them, and their scholars are not eligible for official rewards.\" Viceroy Hsi Liang, to whom the matter was referred, was even more explicit. He wrote: \"The Board of Education have laid down that missionaries may please themselves as to the opening of schools, but the question as to whether their pupils may or may not qualify to enter the Government schools has never been raised, and cannot, therefore, be taken into consideration. The Magistrate, in carelessly submitting such an application, acted in a most blundering manner.\"\n\n## Government Primary School Sports\n\nOn the 5th November, the primary schools of Chengtu held their annual athletic sports on the grounds of the Provincial College. The mission schools did not join owing to the sports having been fixed to take place on a Sunday. They were, as a matter of fact, postponed on account of the weather to the following Tuesday. The sports, beginning at 7 o'clock in the morning, lasted until 5 in the evening, and were attended by most of the high officials and a vast crowd of spectators. A special stand had been erected for ladies, and a sign of the times was a notice prominently displayed at the entrance gate, \"No women with bound feet will be admitted.\" The events included racing, jumping, gymnastics, drill, and a singing competition. The winners received medals, books, various articles of stationery, and towels! Most of the schools were in uniform, and the grand march past at the end of the day, in which some forty schools, numbering nearly 4,000 boys, took part, was an impressive and significant spectacle. Each school carried its banners, many had their own bugles and drums, and those who had not were played past the saluting point by the Viceroy's band. The discipline and the hearty good-will with which even the smallest boys entered into the affair was most remarkable. Among the schools taking part were two Mahommedan, one Manchu, various Prefectural and district schools, and the boys of Chou Taotai's orphanage. These, to the number of 200, boys picked out of the gutters or rescued from the beggar encampments, carried off the palm for smartness and drill. Scrupulously clean, clad in yellow khaki suits, black forage caps, and armed with miniature rifles, they marched past in perfect order and step, and the manner in which the command \"Eyes left,\" given by the diminutive commander as he lowered his toy sword on passing the Viceroy's stand, was carried out by his men would have done credit to a German \"Garde regiment.\"\n\n## The \"Imperial School of Military Medicine\"\n\nM. Huet, the French naval officer whose unexpected arrival in Chengtu to join the staff of the Medical School I reported in my despatch No.25 of the 24 April last, left here in July on a flying visit to Europe. He returned, with a wife, in November. M. Huet will devote himself to an exhaustive study of the medicinal herbs and products of Szechuan.\n\nDr. Legendre, whose relations with the Chinese were latterly somewhat strained, will not return to Chengtu.\n\n\"Mission\n\nDr. Mouillae, the Third French Medical Officer attached to the\n\n495",
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        "id": 416966,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 292,
        "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "On the following day, 22nd May, I received a written protest from the Taotai saying that the German and Japanese gun-boats had returned when requested to do so by the Commander of the forts, and repeating the argument previously used that the lake was not open to navigation of foreign ships of war.\n\nOn the evening of the 22nd May I received a note from Commander Roy, dated the 22nd May, saying that he had left Hu K'ou for Wuch'êng that morning at 6:30, the Commander of the Chinese cruiser having interviewed him for an hour before he started. The Chinese Commander had now altered his order not to enter the lake into a request not to do so, as this action would get him into trouble; but Commander Roy had replied that he must obey the orders of the British Admiral. When writing he expected to reach Nan Chang on the 25th May, and after calling on the Governor, return to Kiukiang by the 29th.\n\nThe visit of the \"Nightingale\" to the Poyang Lake thus shows that, though the Chinese authorities have recently stationed a cruiser at the entrance, they have no present intention of interfering with the navigation of the lake by foreign ships of war otherwise than by the verbal and written protests which they have been in the habit of addressing, since the question first arose, to the officers in command of these vessels and to the foreign Consuls concerned.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed) E. C. WERNER.\n\nThis Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government,\n\n[B]\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\nRec\n\n29532\n\nU 13 AUG 08 [July 27.]\n\n[25998]\n\nNo. 1.\n\nSECTION 3.\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.—(Received July 27.)\n\n(No. 267. Confidential.) Sir,\n\nPeking, June 11, 1908. IN my despatch No. 230 of the 26th May, I had the honour to report the substance of a conversation which I had with Liang Ta-jên, one of the Ministers of the Wai-wu Pu, regarding the possibility of our lending assistance in promoting an adjustment of the dispute which has arisen between Portugal and China at Macao.\n\nThe conversation was resumed at the Wai-wu Pu on the 2nd instant with Mr. Liang, who had in the meantime seen Prince Ch'ing and Yuan Shih Kai and had considerably modified his views. During the summer months, I should explain, the Court resides some distance from the city and all questions of importance have to be referred to the Prince and Ministers, who remain there in attendance upon the Emperor and the Empress Dowager.\n\nMr. Liang no longer regarded the question as ripe for mediation, and thought that Portugal should discuss it directly with the Wai-wu Pu before making an appeal for the good offices of Great Britain. In the event of a disagreement, China would gladly welcome our friendly intervention, but the situation at present was that the Wai-wu Pu had addressed several communications to the Portuguese Minister, to which they had received no reply. Mr. Liang charged Portugal with having made a series of encroachments since the Treaty of 1887 was concluded, and said that the conduct of the Portuguese at Macao was no credit to Western civilization. China was doing nothing which was not justified by Treaty, and she was prepared to meet any attempt which Portugal might make to challenge her position there.\n\nI said that it was precisely with the view of averting such a contingency that I ventured to suggest the possibility of our being able to do something to promote a settlement. I was not prepared, and had not the necessary knowledge, to pronounce any opinion upon the doings of the Portuguese at Macao, but our traditional associations with Portugal and our friendly relations with China made us anxious to do anything in our power to compose the differences between the two Powers.\n\nMr. Liang reverted to the \"Tatsu Maru\" case, and gave me to understand that the Chinese Government, having dictated an unpalatable settlement of that affair, were very reluctant to hamper the Viceroy in dealing with the situation at Macao.\n\nThis, I remarked, appeared to me to involve a serious risk. The Viceroy was acting upon the information of interested people on the spot, and, if the Portuguese proceeded to do likewise, the collision so usual in such cases might easily follow.\n\nMr. Liang affected to minimize the importance of the dispute, and contended that the Viceroy's action had for its object merely the prevention of the contraband trade in arms.\n\nIn this he is supported by the opinion of His Majesty's Consul-General at Canton, as recorded in the despatch copy of which I have the honour to transmit herewith.\n\nThe somewhat embittered tone of Mr. Liang's language, which no doubt only reflects the views of the Prince and other Ministers, left upon me the uncomfortable impression that China is not disposed to humour the susceptibilities of Portugal, and that unless advantage is taken of the Viceroy's offer embodied in the last paragraph of the Wai-wu Pu's note of the 22nd May, there is little prospect of an improvement in the situation.\n\nI have advised the Portuguese Minister in this sense, and in the inclosed telegram which he has sent to Lisbon Baron Sendal has submitted the suggestion to his Government.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed) J. N. JORDAN.\n\n[1865 dd-3]\n\n289",
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        "id": 417230,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 556,
        "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "2\n\nhensible how a civilized race like the Japanese can be indifferent to such a national degradation. On more than one occasion I have seen Chinese coolies treating them with a contemptuous familiarity they would not display to their own women.\n\nNorth of Mukden the Japanese are of course much in evidence at all the railway stations. At Tieh-ling they have an exceptionally large and apparently flourishing Settlement, covering the ground between the station and the city, but away from the railway they are not much in evidence, except at Kirin.\n\nGoing west-north-west from Ssu-p'ing-chieh station I did not see any till I reached Chêng-chia-t'un, where, not counting a party of Japanese surveyors, there is a Japanese shop, in which I bought a tin of biscuits, with the well-known pattern and the side notice of \"Hundley and Palmier's Superior Reading Biscuits.\" At K'u-lun-chieh two Japanese merchants from Hsin-min Fu have recently been investigating the conditions of trade. At Fa-k'u-men there are two Japanese doctors who—with a race addicted to medicine like the Chinese—are able to carry on a thriving trade, besides several low-class shop-keepers. I did not see any more Japanese till I reached Hsin-min Fu, where the Japanese have a Consulate and gambling dens.\n\nWherever I went in Manchuria, I was told trade was in a bad way. In Fa-k'u-men many firms, affected by the big failure of a Chinese bank at Newchwang last year, had come to grief, whilst in Kirin Province the native banks, who are under no Government supervision, had issued too many notes. The country people, owing to lack of funds, were making no purchases, and business was generally at a standstill. The Japanese were therefore suffering by the general depression of trade.\n\n3. Robbers in China. The Hung-hu-tzu are generally armed with modern rifles. At K'uan-ch'eng-tzu the Mitsui Bussan Kaisha sells rifles to the Chinese farmers, much against the wishes of the Chinese officials, and many of these rifles find their way into the hands of the robbers. The Hung-hu-tzu, who are indiscriminately Chinese, Manchu, or Mongolian (in the west), are often old soldiers, and generally belong to the farmer class. Often a family elects to send one member to join a neighbouring band, so as to enjoy the benefits of its protection. Wherever I travelled in Feng-tien Province the country was reported to be tranquil, but I was informed that small parties of robbers were still giving trouble some 12 or 15 miles north of Feng-hua Hsien, and that Mongol mounted bandits had been raiding the country to the west of K'u-lun-chieh earlier in the year. In Kirin Province, which is more thinly populated, I heard they were still giving some trouble in the hills, 80 or 100 miles to the south of Kirin.\n\nGenerally when Chinese soldiers are sent out against robbers, they complain very little, and the Chinese often secure repose by promoting the robber chiefs to official rank and taking their bands into their service. Thus the Hung-hu-tzu chief, named Chang-tso-lin, was given the Hsin-min Fu military district last year. To show his zeal he invited a brother chieftain, called Tu-li-san, to a feast, and then treacherously put him to death. He has now been promoted to a red button, and given the command of the Chêng-chia-t'un district. Feng-ling-kê, well known before the war as the great robber chief of Liao-yang, was captured by the Russians and sent to Saghalien, whence he escaped, and worked for the Japanese during the war. He is now commanding the district of Chang-wu Hsien, to the west of Fa-k'u-men. Unfortunately, he was absent from the city when I passed through. Many of the soldiers of the provincial armies of Manchuria (viz., Feng-chün, Chi-chün, and Ch'i-chün) have been Hung-hu-tzu, who have now changed sides with their chiefs, and settled down to the reposeful life of a Chinese soldier. As the soldiers of the Lu Chün are Manchus of the cities, or Chinese from other provinces, there are probably no ex-Hung-hu-tzu amongst them. A soldier told me that the reason why they were recruiting only Manchu soldiers for the local Lu-chün at Kirin and Mukden was because if a Chinese deserted he could probably escape, but the Manchu could not desert so easily. This is probably partly the case,\n\nAnother difficulty in Manchuria is that the Chinese police themselves often rob and squeeze the inhabitants.\n\nDuring the Manchurian campaign, the Hung-hu-tzu were of considerable use to the Japanese. The Russians used to have large supplies of cattle, &c., sent across Mongolia to them, and the Hung-hu-tzu were employed to waylay these convoys and divert them to the Japanese.\n\nI do not think that Japanese officers would do well in command of Chinese soldiers, as they would be too harsh and unsympathetic, whilst the Chinese have the old prejudice against the Japanese, whom they always looked upon as inferior to themselves till they were partially disillusioned fourteen years ago. On the other hand, I believe that the mounted bandits of Western Manchuria, if trained and led by European officers, who knew their language, could be made very useful in guerilla warfare.\n\n1\n\n3\n\n4. The Chinese in Manchuria.—The population is mostly composed of Chinese, who have emigrated from Shantung and Chih-li Provinces during the last 200 or 300 years. Some have been settled so long that they call themselves natives of Manchuria, so they can always tell how long it is since their families emigrated. The Manchus are principally found in the big cities like Mukden and Kirin.\n\nAs the population of Shantung and Chih-li increases, the necessity for emigration grows greater, and this overflow finds an outlet in Manchuria or Mongolia. In the past, the population of China has often been kept in check by wholesale massacres, such as the appalling destruction of the Tai-ping rebellion, the Mahommedan rebellions in Yunnan and Kan-su, and the more recent disturbances in Kuang-si, also by great famines and the inundations of the Yellow River; but as civilization increases, railways are built, and European methods of engineering adopted, these evils should be reduced, and the population will increase more rapidly than at present. The colonization of Manchuria is still in its infancy. Taking a line roughly from Tieh-ling to Fa-k'u-men in the south, I was struck by the smallness of the villages and the scantiness of the population as I proceeded north. In Kirin Province, this was still more apparent. On the main road between Kirin and K'uan-ch'eng-tzu, the two principal towns of the province, a distance of 77 miles, there are only 3 villages with over 40 or 50 houses, viz., one with 250, another with 100, and another with 60 houses. Sungari, between the railway and Kirin, the country is even more thinly populated.\n\nMeanwhile, the Chinese are gradually pushing forward the boundaries of Chih-li to the north, and of Manchuria to the north and west, buying land from the Mongol Princes, and pressing the Mongols back. Within the last twenty years, a great tract of land on the western side of Manchuria, called the Shu-lu-huang, or Imperial grazing ground, has been thrown open to colonists, and the land is now mostly given up to cultivation. Towns, as they become of sufficient importance, are granted official status, and Chinese Magistrates are sent to govern these budding colonies.\n\nOn the\n\nWhilst natives come and go in Manchuria with much noise, drawing the attention of the whole world upon themselves, the Chinese peasants quietly push on unnoticed, armed only with the primitive agricultural implements used in the time of Abraham; but they have arrived with the full determination to stay, until necessity compels their descendants to push on still further ahead and carry on the silent and real invasion of Manchuria. The Mongols are a very different race from the Chinese, and are stupid and indolent, readily offering themselves as victims to Chinese cunning and craft.\n\n5. The disputed Territory of Ch'ien-tao.—I was unable to visit this region. The Japanese Consul at Kirin told me the Chinese had already sent four battalions of infantry of the Lu Chün (about 2,000 men) to the neighbourhood of Yen-chi Ting, and that they proposed sending the rest of the Kirin Lu Chün brigade (another 2,000 men) there this autumn.\n\nIn addition to the Lu Chün, the Chinese have one part of their Kirin provincial troops (Chi-chün Chien-lu), nominally 1,566 officers and men, stationed in the district. The latter are really untrained constabulary, employed for service against the Hung-hu-tzu, and unorganized for war, whilst of the Lu Chün 3,000 out of the 4,000 belong to the Kirin Brigade, which only started training last spring. The remaining 1,000 men belong, apparently, to the 3rd Lu Chün Division, which is scattered around K'uan-ch'eng-tzu, Kirin, and Ch'ang-t'u Fu, and is commanded by a very inefficient Major-General, Ts'ao-k'un. The division, when it was at Pao-ting Fu two years ago, shared with the 1st Manchu Division the honour of being the best division in the Chinese army, but it has deteriorated very much since it was sent to Manchuria.\n\nG. PEREIRA, Lieutenant-Colonel,\n\nGrenadier Guards, Military Attaché.\n\n(Signed)\n\nPeking, July 4, 1908.\n\n553",
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    {
        "id": 417338,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-353 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 50,
        "title": "CO129-353 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "48\n\n2\n\nInclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nStatement by Li Yau-heng.\n\nKWONG SAI, Phang-sheung Chau, hereditary Government officer. Joined Kak-meng-thong (revolutionary sect) 6th moon last year. I was being superseded by the Chinese Government. I was the Commander at the attack on the fort, commanded the western attack. Wong Meng Tong was my second in command. Ho Ng commanded the Cheng Nam Kwan division. We attacked from three directions. I had four files of eight men with twelve rifles. Wong Meng Tong had six files with twenty-two rifles and Ho Ng had three files with twelve rifles.\n\nWe only had thirty rifles. We captured three forts. I took the middle one. Meng Tong the north one and Ho Ng the southern one. Each fort had a garrison of nine men. They all surrendered and joined us in all twenty-nine men with twenty-nine rifles (ten shot-repeaters). We took the forts at daybreak 27th of 10th moon. On the same day 1,200 men attacked us, and up to the 1st of 11th moon 2,000 more joined the enemy and surrounded us. We were fighting seven days and nights. With the forts we captured three 80-pr. breech-loader guns, four muzzle-loaders, three big brass guns, one machine gun, and plenty of ammunition. In these seven days I had two men killed and two wounded. We killed over 200 Manchus. Finally, when we ran short of rifle ammunition, we had to leave the fort. We left at night on the 4th at 3 P.M. We were fired on and fired back. We broke through and reached the border, 3 kilom. away.\n\nWe came into Manyun and the French put us in the train for Hanoi. The French did not see the rifles. The men with them gave them to others who went to another place. The French had a European \"four stripes\" and some native soldiers, perhaps 100. Before we started we were told that if we were defeated we must not recross the French border with rifles. That is why we hid them. Dr. Sun told us so. On the night of the 29th Dr. Sun and the \"four stripes\" came to us in the fort. We were fighting and the French officer fired three rounds for us.\n\nHe aimed for us at the General's staff quarters. The second shot fell in the back of it. On the 1st he and Dr. Sun left together. The Manchu troops had not then surrounded us. They had six Annamite soldiers with them. Dr. Sun had several Chinese students with him. At Hanoi we were met by French officials and Yun Kat Theng, our manager, and Yeong Shau Phang, his assistant, were sent for and told to find a home for us. The manager did so and paid us 3 dollars a-month and our food. Then there was a good deal of negotiating between China and France about us.\n\nThe French refused to give us up. Shortly after Wong Meng Tong went up to Yaunan and captured Ho-kau. A Taotai Wong was killed. Then China pressed the French again about us, and after more correspondence the French promised to send us away. Yun Yat Theng told us that we were to be sent to Singapore, a British Colony where Dr. Sun was, where he and the staff of the Singapore newspaper \"Chong Shing Tao\" would look after us. Consequently we came here. I ask that we may be allowed to stay here and be released.\n\nWe were told that the newspaper would be security for us. If we cannot be allowed to remain here we should like to return to Hanoi. We only want to land here and then gradually work back to Hanoi and China. We were promised protection by the French authorities, or we would not have dared to use French territory for attacking China.\n\nWe met for the attack on the border. The French knew what we were going to do. They had telegraphed to the Taotai that an attack was intended, but he did nothing, or we could not have taken the forts. It was he who has been promoted for recapturing the forts. If the French had tried to stop us we should not have dared to do anything. They said that it was no business of theirs. Our whole force was 104 men. If I had had more rifles I should have gone on and taken Lung-chau. We did have some talk with one or two of the sergeants in the forts before we attacked them. They wanted 500 dollars for surrendering them. Ever since the Sung Dynasty, over 800 years, my family have been the hereditary officers in the district, and I would never have turned against the Government if a Manchu official (a Chinese) had not been sent who took away my land and everything belonging to me and tried to harm my wife and family. There are nineteen of us hereditary officers and eleven have been abolished. My family is now safe in French territory.\n\nMay 20, 1908.\n\n(\n\n$\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nFrench Minister to Prince Ch'ing.\n\nMonseigneur,\n\n[Undated.] A MESURE que parviennent à notre connaissance les résultats de l'enquête contradictoire menée par les Délégués de nos deux Gouvernements sur l'attentat de Phalong, la gravité de celui-ci apparaît de plus en plus grande, et la responsabilité des autorités Chinoises de plus en plus engagée.\n\nAyant violé la frontière Française pour poursuivre les révolutionnaires du Yunnan, et s'étant avancés très loin sur le territoire Français, les réguliers Chinois ont ouvert le feu sur un détachement Français qui désarmait ces révolutionnaires, et ils ont continué la fusillade malgré l'avis répété qu'ils avaient en face d'eux des soldats Français du poste de Phalong; puis, comme les Français, ne voulant pas riposter, se retiraient à l'intérieur des maisons du village Français de Laoka pour échapper au feu meurtrier des réguliers Chinois, ceux-ci envahirent ces maisons et là à bout portant - Ce lâche assassinat est tué le Lieutenant Weigand et trois de ses hommes.\n\nencore rendu plus odieux par le fait que les réguliers Chinois emportèrent de Laoka comme trophées les têtes de trois soldats Français qu'ils avaient tués dans les champs avoisinant le village.\n\nJ'ai en l'honneur de remettre au Wai-wou Pou il y a quelques jours un Mémorandum relatant ces douloureuses nouvelles, et je ne doute point qu'à leur lecture votre Altesse n'ait reconnu la nécessité de ne pas faire attendre plus longtemps à la France les légitimes réparations que j'ai, en son nom, réclamées du Gouvernement Chinois dès le 13 du mois dernier.\n\nCes réparations sont——\n\n1. La punition des officiers et des soldats Chinois coupables des attentats commis sur le territoire Français.\n\n2. Le déplacement du Vice-Roi du Yunnan, Si-Léang, qui, paresseusement terré à Tonghai - c'est-à-dire, à plus de cinq jours de distance de tout endroit où se soient montrés les révolutionnaires - a laissé par son incurie et son incapacité les événements prendre un si triste cours.\n\n3. Une indemnité de 250,000 fr. pour les victimes des attentats commis par les réguliers Chinois, ou pour les familles de celles-ci.\n\n4. Le respect et la garantie des droits concédés à des Français dans la Province du Yunnan, notamment à la Société du Lin Can, au Syndicat Minier du Yünnan, et à la Compagnie du Chemin de Fer; les derniers troubles ont causé aux entreprises et travaux de ces diverses Associations des pertes matérielles graves, dont la responsabilité retombe encore sur son Excellence Si-Léang ou ses subordonnés, et dont le Gouvernement Français se réserve de demander le dédommagement.\n\nTrop de semaines se sont déjà écoulées depuis que le sang Français a été versé, sans qu'aucune réparation effective ait été donnée à la France par le Gouvernement Chinois; un plus long délai, surtout après les tristes détails qui viennent d'être mis au jour par l'enquête, pourrait donner lieu à des interprétations que votre Altesse, j'en suis sûr, a autant à cœur que moi d'éviter. Aussi, je ne doute pas qu'elle ne hâte de tout son pouvoir l'octroi à la France des demandes présentées par mon entremise au Wai-won Pou il y a déjà plus de six semaines, et que je suis chargé de renouveler aujourd'hui.\n\nInclosure 3 in No 1.\n\nExtract of Letter from Singapore Official.\n\nWe\n\nSUN YAT SEN is living here very quietly and trying, without much success, to collect money.\n\nHis following among the local Chinese is of the very smallest. We have warned him that, in case of trouble, we shall imitate Hong Kong and deport him. We had six more \"révolutionnaires\" the other day from Hanoi, and have declined to take any more.\n\nThese had been concerned in an attack upon Fengsheng, in the Canton Province, on the 3rd September, 1907, and had been arrested on the 20th October, 1907, in Tonquin for non-payment of poll-tax, and interned until now. From the statements made to me by all these men, there is not the slightest doubt that the French knew what Yat Sen and his party were doing, and that they deliberately allowed them to do it. The conclusion seems obvious that they hoped to get political gains, Railway Concessions, and such-like, by subsequently undertaking to alter their course of action.",
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    {
        "id": 421222,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 11,
        "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "# Decrees dated November 18, 1908.\n\n**Decree of the Empress Dowager** (widow of the late Emperor Kuang Hsü) commands the Prince Regent to wear mourning for 100 days.\n\n**Decree of the Emperor**, commands the Princes and Ministers appointed to superintend the Imperial funeral arrangements to wear mourning, in accordance with rule, for 100 days.\n\nThe same command is extended to Prince Ch'ing, Prince Chuang, the Khorch'in Prince (Mongol), the Prince of K'e-ch'in, the Naiman Prince (Mongol), the Princes Tsai Jun, Tsai Hsun, Tsai Tao, Yu Lang, K'alach'in (Mongol), Khorch'in (Mongol, third Order), P'u Lun, Yu Su, the Tumed Prince (Mongol), the Duke P'u Chieh, the Duke of Kh'orchin (Mongol), Prince Tsai Chen (son of Prince Ching), Duke P'u-T'ung, the Generals of the Imperial Body Guard, Fen Ch'e and Se-leng-o, the Lieutenant-Generals Shan-Yu and Liang Tai, a number of husbands of Imperial Princesses, the Grand Councillor and Grand Secretary, Chang Chih Tung, the Grand Secretary Sun Chia Nai, the President of the Army Board (Tieh Liang), the President of the Board of Communications (Ch'ien Pi), the President of the Board of Dependencies (Shou Ch'i), and four officials of the Imperial College of Inscriptions.\n\nAll other Princes and Ministers are to wear mourning for twenty-seven days, and to burn it on expiry of that period.\n\n**Decree received by the Grand Secretariat, November 19, 1908.**\n\nEulogizes the late August Empress Dowager, the devoted Consort of the Emperor Hsien-Feng, who, at the death of that Emperor, when the Empire was distracted with war and rebellion, and at a time when Treaties had first been signed with foreign Powers and general unrest prevailed, was called upon by the officials of the Empire to join with the first Empress Consort to act as Regent for the Emperor Tung-chih. For this purpose she had received from the Emperor Hsien Feng, while at Jehol, a special seal engraved with the five characters \"Yu Shang Tung Tao Tang\" (\"Colleagues by Imperial Grant\"), which was to be affixed to Decrees of the Court.\n\nOn returning to Peking, she was able to re-establish tranquillity by sweeping aside the great rebels, and to recover the supreme power. In so doing she was supported by high dignitaries of the Imperial House, and used all her endeavours to govern in the interests of the people, under the advice of her Ministers.\n\nShe compiled the work on Government entitled \"Chih-Ping-chih-Pao-chien” (“The Mirror of Peaceful Governance\"). She called into her service great scholars, brought to a speedy end the Tai Ping rebellion, the rising of the Nien Fei, the Mohammedan rebellion, and the insurrection of aboriginal tribes. With the land beyond the four seas she transformed the beacon lights of war into lamps of peace, and brought the people from peril to felicity.\n\nWhen His Majesty the late Emperor came to the throne she was again graciously pleased to nurture him tenderly, and again to superintend the Government through troublous times, without count of the labour which was thereby involved, and, as time went on, and relations with all the world became more close each day, brought forward new questions. Both in foreign and internal affairs no subject was neglected by her. Without thought of self, no leisure remained unto her in the pursuit of progress along paths of reform.\n\nShe founded the Tang Wen Kuan [College of Languages, under the Imperial Maritime Customs] for the training of interpreters. She established the navy and arsenals. She appointed Ministers to reside in various countries to strengthen friendly relations. She sent students abroad, caused railways to be constructed and mines to be opened. She issued a Commercial Code, introduced a uniform currency, and encouraged the development of shipping, posts and telegraphs, the unification of weights and measures, the digging of wells (in Peking) as a means of dealing with fires.\n\nShe abolished the malpractices of ages, changed the system of public examinations, opened schools and colleges, abolished torture, prohibited the use of punishments during trials, revised the laws, and bestowed honours on the memory of Confucius.\n\nShe further instituted the training of the army on modern lines in order to set the Empire on strong foundations and to quell disorder; and, as in ancient times it was right and proper to utilize the ability of others, she introduced into the art of government principles culled from Western and Eastern lands. As the Sovereign has ever sought to blend the hearts of the people into one, she broke down the barriers between Manchus and Chinese.\n\nShe pressed forward the revision of the Kuang-Hsü-Hui-Tien (Collected Institutes of the Dynasty), caused maps to be made for military use, extended protection to Chinese settlers in other lands, made charitable donations to friendly countries on occasions of national calamity, preventing members of her own family from grasping power, refused honours for herself, and in every manner surpassed even the Empresses Ming-Te of the Han Dynasty and Hsuan Jen of the Sung Dynasty.\n\nMoreover, she was endowed by Heaven with exceptional accomplishments, in needlework, writing, and painting, in all of which she excelled. In her Palace grounds also she made the Yu-Yi-Chuang, a model farm, where she watched the processes of agriculture; and the Ch'i-Hua-Kuan, where she studied the rearing of silkworms.\n\nWhen she heard of floods or famine, she longed for the clemency of the elements. Frugal in her daily life, she raised her prayers to Heaven in the watches of the night for the benefit of her people.\n\nRecently she promulgated the term of years within which a Constitution is to be established, to the great joy of the whole Empire, and thereby carried on the tradition established by Yao and Shun of acting in sympathy with the people, and swept away the form of government by force which first grew up in the Ch'in and Han Dynasties.\n\n**Decree ends** with a command to the Grand Secretariat and the various Boards to consult together as to the posthumous title to be bestowed on Her late Majesty.\n\n## Decrees issued on November 19 and 20, 1908.\n\n### November 19, 1908.\n\nThe Mongolian Princes and Nobles of all ranks whose turn for duty in the capital occurs this year will all be permitted to pay their respects to the remains of Their late Majesties. Payment of tribute will be remitted for the present year. Princes and Nobles not on the roster for duty in the capital this year are not required to come to Peking.\n\n### November 20, 1908.\n\nIn view of the fact that Her late Majesty the August Empress Dowager guided the destinies of the Empire during the long period of more than forty years, it is fitting that the mourning rites in her honour should be on a scale of exceptional magnificence. The Board of Rites are instructed to revise the programme already submitted and present a further Memorial.\n\n### November 20, 1908.\n\nP'u-t'o Ku, which was definitely selected as the site of the tomb of Her late Majesty the August Empress Dowager, shall hereafter be known as \"The P'u-t'o Ku Eastern Ting Mausoleum,\" and all public Departments are directed to use this name in future.\n\n### November 20, 1908.\n\nOn the 15th November a Decree was issued by Her late Majesty the August Empress Dowager ordering that the administration of all affairs of State should rest with the Prince Regent, that is to say, that the Prince Regent, acting on our behalf, should direct all the affairs and exercise full control over the public service of the Empire. The commands of Her late Majesty are binding on all, from the highest to the lowest, but should be treated with special reverence by the Princes and other members of our Imperial House, whose duty it is to set an example to the rest of the nation.\n\nShould any Princes, Nobles, or officers show any reluctance in rendering obedience, fail in their duty, or otherwise endanger the tranquillity of the Empire, they will be punished without fail in accordance with the law of the land, lest, by a display of ... \n\nPage 2049\nPage 10",
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        "id": 422558,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 587,
        "title": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "## 2\n\nNo official of any standing accompanied the remains of his dead Sovereign beyond the city walls, and the unhappy Kuang-Hsu went to his last resting-place carried by bearers who smoked, chatted, and laughed - an object of as great indifference to his subjects in death as he had been in life.\n\nWhile the last rites were being performed to his memory at the Western Tombs, a series of entertainments commenced in Peking in honour of the special missions.\n\nThe next day, the 2nd May, a lunch was given by the Wai-wu Pu at the Botanical Gardens, and on the 3rd May the Prince Regent entertained Prince Fushimi and the other special Envoys at a banquet in the palace. This was far the most interesting of all the functions that took place, and was historically important as being the first occasion on which the ruler of China ever sat down at table with foreigners. The protocol of September 1901 had provided for such a contingency, but had never been enforced in practice.\n\nI was seated nearly opposite to the Prince Regent, and had an opportunity of holding some conversation with His Highness, and of observing his demeanour, which was very gracious and amiable towards his guests. The general impression which one formed of him was that, with all his amiable qualities and evident desire to please, he scarcely possessed the strength of character and firmness of purpose so necessary in the ruler of a country like China. His uncle, the first Prince Kung, who concluded our early treaties and practically ruled the country for a quarter of a century later, was a man whose dignity of bearing and attitude of command made a much more favourable impression upon those who knew him than his nephew, the present Regent, does, but it would be manifestly prudent to reserve any expression of opinion regarding the latter until he has had time to reveal his character by his acts.\n\nAt the close of the lunch, the Prince Regent gave each of his guests his photograph, and asked for one of theirs in return.\n\nOn the 4th May, a lunch was given at the new Wai-wu Pu to Prince Fushimi, the special Envoys and their staffs, some 120 persons in all, and on the following day a garden party was given at the Japanese legation.\n\nOn the 6th May, Prince Fushimi did my wife and myself the honour of attending a garden party at this legation, to which the other special Envoys, the foreign community, and the leading Chinese officials were invited. This was the only invitation, apart from his palace engagements, which His Highness accepted in Peking, and he was good enough to express the pleasure it had given him to visit the legation of an allied Power and to hear again the Highland music, which was played on this occasion by the band of the 2nd Battalion Cameron Highlanders.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n## 585\n\n**J. N. JORDAN**",
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    {
        "id": 423511,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909",
        "page_number": 115,
        "title": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909",
        "content_text": "## C.0 38162\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nI immediately addressed a written protest to the Chinese Government, and requested that the Viceroy might be telegraphically instructed to put a stop to the vexatious proceedings lately instituted by the Opium Prohibition Bureau of Canton, which I said were quite at variance with the written statement of the Wai-wu Pu that the Chinese Government had no intention of interfering with the wholesale trade in foreign opium. I pointed out that the arrangement concluded between the British and Chinese Governments provided for a gradual extinction of the foreign opium trade, so that as far as foreign opium was concerned there was no necessity for measures which inflicted grave injury on British merchants conducting a still legitimate trade under treaty provisions.\n\nHaving heard from the acting British consul-general at Canton that the Viceroy Yuan Shu-hsun refused to give an assurance that the enforcement of the prohibition regulations would not be allowed to interfere with the wholesale trade in foreign opium and that the imports of foreign opium into Canton had entirely ceased, I addressed a second note to the Wai-wu Pu and followed this up by verbal representations to his Excellency Liang Tun-yen at an interview on the 4th instant. I had received your letter of the 22nd September two days previously, and was therefore able to include the regulations issued by the Viceroy of Nanking in my representations. I disclaimed any intention of interfering with any regulations which the Chinese Government or provincial authorities might think fit to issue to control or suppress the trade in native opium, but I pointed out that the eventual suppression of the trade in foreign opium was already provided for by the arrangement concluded between our two Governments. The action taken at Canton last year in consequence of my representations proved that it was possible to enforce regulations in regard to the sale of native opium without affecting the wholesale trade in foreign opium, and I therefore requested his Excellency to issue instructions to all high provincial authorities, in accordance with the repeated assurances of the Chinese Government, that foreign opium should be excluded from the operation of any regulations applying to the wholesale trade, so that the legitimate interests of the British importers should not be unnecessarily interfered with. His Excellency promised to send instructions in the sense desired by me.\n\nI am, &c.\n**J. N. JORDAN**\n\n## CHINA TRADE\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n[40571]\n\nNo. 1.\n\nRro 23 NOV 09\n\n114\n\n[November 4.]\n\n## SECTION 1\n\n**Memorandum by Consul-General Sir A. Hosie on the Investigation of Opium Cultivation and Production in China.**~(Received November 4, 1909.)\n\n1. IT is admitted that there has been considerable reduction in the cultivation and production of opium in China during the last three years; but the figures for production, given in the Chinese memorandum presented to the International Opium Commission at Shanghae in February 1909, were, according to the Chinese commissioners themselves, merely guesswork, and the alleged reduction in 1908 as compared with 1906, which was based on these figures, was therefore guesswork and unreliable.\n\n2. At the end of 1910 China has to prove to the British-Indian Government that she is reducing the production and consumption of native opium pari passu with the reduced export of opium from India.\n\n3. As China has not the machinery available for ascertaining the amount of land under poppy, it is extremely doubtful whether at the end of 1910 she will be able to state with any degree of accuracy the amount of reduction in cultivation, production, or consumption.\n\n4. Under the above circumstances it seems desirable, as a check, that steps should be taken by the British Government, prior to the close of 1910, to ascertain as far as possible the extent of poppy cultivation and opium production in China.\n\n5. In Manchuria and the northern and north-western provinces of China the poppy is a summer crop (April to September), while in the south-western provinces it is a winter crop (November to April), so that to determine generally the extent of poppy cultivation in China prior to the close of 1910, personal investigation should be carried out in Manchuria and in the northern and north-western provinces from the end of April to September 1910, and from November onwards in the south-western provinces.\n\n6. Such investigation could best be carried out by a consular officer in China of sufficiently high rank to entitle him to gain easy access to the high Chinese provincial authorities when necessary, and to command the respect of his fellow consular officers, with whom he would always require to be in close touch during his investigations.\n\n7. Were such personal investigation made in 1910, an excellent basis for comparison with subsequent years would be secured.\n\n**ALEX. HOSIE**\n\n10, Louisville Avenue, Aberdeen,\nOctober 18, 1909.\n\n`[2494-1]`",
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        "id": 423598,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909",
        "page_number": 202,
        "title": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909",
        "content_text": "## \nthe obvious advantages, both from the British and Chinese points of view, of combining railway construction contracts with loans, as is the case in the present instance.\n\nWhat is now most essential to bring the matter to fruition is for definite instructions to be cabled to His Majesty's Minister at Peking to lend his support, in consultation with the American and Japanese Ministers, to the obtaining, without delay, of the final Imperial edict authorising both loan and contract.\n\nHis Majesty's Government is well aware for how long a time, and with how much effort, expense, labour, and disappointment, Messrs. Pauling and Co. have endeavoured to obtain railway construction work in China, and it is needless for them, therefore, to repeat with what anxiety they must regard their present position in this contract, until they have been informed definitely by His Majesty's Government that the support of the Government will be given to them in this matter.\n\nWe are, &c. Pauling and Co. (Limited),\n\nTHO. SCOTT, Secretary.\n\n## Inclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\n### Preliminary Agreement providing for the Financing, Construction, and Operation of the Railway from Chenchow to Aigun.\n\nTHIS preliminary agreement to provide for the financing, construction, and operation of the railway from Chenchow to Aigun is made between their Excellencies the Viceroy of Manchuria and the Governor of Fengtien, hereinafter called the administration, of the one part; and the American group and its associates (such associates to be admitted to participation with the full consent of, and to the extent---not more than 40 per cent. of the whole---to be determined by the Chinese Government), hereinafter called the bank, and Pauling and Co., hereinafter called the contractors, of the other part.\n\nNow it is hereby mutually agreed by and between the parties hereto as follows:-\n\n1. The administration engages to borrow from the bank the sum necessary to construct the railway from Chenchow to Aigun. The rate of interest for this loan shall not exceed 5 per cent. per annum, and the terms of issue, which shall be the most favourable obtainable, and the other details of procedure shall be arranged in a mutually satisfactory manner.\n\nThe payment of interest and amortisation of this loan shall be guaranteed by the Imperial Chinese Government, and the security therefor shall be the railway line.\n\n| Payment Details | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Interest payments and amortisation | shall be met by the receipts of the railway or the proceeds of the loan |\n| If insufficient | by such Manchurian revenues as may hereafter be selected by the administration and the bank in a manner to be mutually satisfactory |\n\nThe first bond issue shall be for the amount necessary for the construction and equipment of the railway between Chenchow and Tsitsihar. The second shall be for the construction and equipment of the railway between Tsitsihar and Aigun.\n\nAn equitable arrangement shall be made for the redemption of the bond issues by the Board of Communications prior to the expiration of their terms.\n\n2. The administration agrees to contract with the contractors for the construction and equipment of this road. The contractors engage to build and equip the line, using the best possible materials on the cheapest possible terms.\n\nThe detailed terms and conditions, &c., shall be arranged hereafter in a manner that shall be mutually satisfactory.\n\n3. On equal terms Chinese materials shall be given the preference. If, however, Chinese materials are not available, resource shall be had to other markets.\n\nThe administration shall be liable to the contractors only for the contract price of the railway, and it is clearly understood that no commission shall be paid on the purchase of materials.\n\n4. During the construction of this railway, the appointment of the chief engineer shall be vested in Pauling and Co., but this appointment must be approved by the president of the railway company, to be designated by the Imperial Chinese Government. The chief engineer shall be under the control of the Board of Communications and the railway company.\n\n5. As the work of construction is completed section by section, the railway shall be operated, during the currency of the loan, by a company which shall be under the control of the Board of Communications. If after the payment of interest and amortisation charges, and operating expenses, there be a surplus the railway company shall receive 10 per cent. thereof.\n\n6. The company shall be composed of Chinese, Americans, and British, as may be hereinafter arranged, the Chinese to have a majority interest in the control, but under no circumstances shall persons of other nationality than those herein mentioned have any voice in the management or control of the company without the full permission of the Imperial Chinese Government.\n\nThe company shall have as its president a high official appointed by the Imperial Chinese Government. The other details of organisation shall be subsequently arranged in a mutually satisfactory manner.\n\n7. This railway company is to be organised by Chinese, American, and British interests. It is recognised, however, that this line is constructed in Chinese territory for commercial purposes, and in case of war may be used only for the transportation of Chinese troops and munitions of war.\n\n8. This preliminary agreement is signed by their Excellencies the Viceroy of Manchuria and the Governor of Fengtien with the bank and the contractors, subject to approval by Imperial edict, without which it shall be null and void.\n\n9. In case certain portions of this agreement are characterised as unacceptable by the Imperial edict, or in case the administration finds on further consideration that there are certain unsatisfactory provisions therein, these clauses, to which exception has been taken, shall be revised in the detailed agreements in a manner which shall be satisfactory to all parties.\n\n10. This agreement is executed in triplicate in English and Chinese, one set to be retained by their Excellencies the Viceroy of Manchuria and the Governor of Fengtien, one set by the American group, and one set by Pauling and Co. In case there be any misunderstanding arising from a difference between the English and Chinese texts the matter shall be settled by a mutually satisfactory arrangement.\n\nSigned at Mukden by the contracting parties this 19th day of the 8th moon of the 1st year of the Emperor Hsuan Tung, being the 2nd day of October of the year 1909 of the Western Calendar.\n\nFISI LIANG,\n\nCHENG TE CHUAN,\n\nThe Viceroy of Manchuria and the Governor of Fengtien.\n\nFor J. P. Morgan and Co.,\n\nThe First National Bank,\n\nKuhn, Loeb, and Co.,\n\nThe National City Bank of New York, constituting the American group,\n\nW. STRAIGHT, Agent.\n\nFor Pauling and Co.,\n\nFFRENCH, Agent.\n\n## Inclosure in No. 1.\n\n### Imperial Edict communicated by the Viceroy of Manchuria, October 3, 1909.\n\nTHE following edict has been received (by the Grand Council) :-\n\nHsi Liang and Cheng Te Chuan memorialise us by telegraph \"respecting the raising of a foreign loan and the construction of a railroad.\" We command the Wai-wu Pu, the Board of Revenue, and the Board of Communications to consult duly with the governor-general and governor concerned, taking into consideration the whole circumstances of the general situation, and to memorialise us jointly thereon.\n\nSuch is the Imperial will.\n\nPage 201",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
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        "title": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "nature. The latest accounts indicate that the town is once more quiet, although no information has been received to say that foreigners have returned from the vessels to their houses.\n\nFrom the information supplied by the Chinese officials themselves, to which reference is made below, it is evident that an anti-foreign movement was in preparation throughout Hunan. It has partly miscarried, owing to the premature outbreak of riots in Changsha over a grievance between the people and the officials. But directly trouble had arisen the hostility of the populace is turned, as by command, against foreigners.\n\nIt will be found that the following letter from our Changsha correspondent embodies the most authoritative account that has yet been received of the riots in Changsha :-\n\nA Graphic Account.\n\nChangsha, April 19, 1910. Wednesday, the 13th April, to Friday, the 15th April, were days that will long be remembered in Changsha. The riots will be marked from the fact that a governor's yamên has been sacked and burnt, and a very extensive series of looting and burning of foreign property has been carried out as almost a by-play of the main aim of the riot.\n\nThat aim was to cheapen rice. It is the old, old story that our history books show us as occurring in the lands of the Mediterranean, and that Carlyle has so picturesquely taught us to connect with the French Revolution—a hungry mob is dangerous. Rice has been, of course, dearer and dearer on account of the Yang-tsze floods. For the same reason the caters of rice have been more numerous, for the refugees from Hupeh have been numbered by the thousand. The forbidding of export from Changsha had not the desired effect of dropping prices—if that effect was really desired by those who forbade the export. Promises of opening Government granaries were not fulfilled, and as the prices crept up disappointment and anger grew. On Wednesday night a rise from 82 cash a-pint to 84 cash provoked the gathering of an angry mob. Some four or five officials were sent to speak good words. But one of the speakers resorted to that last refuge of a weak man—bluster and bluff: \"Rice is not so dear here as at Hankow or Canton, or in foreign countries.\" A howl of derision greeted the untimely speech. \"Seize!\" shouted the official, and the order was left-handedly obeyed by the seizing of him on the part of the mob, instead of the seizing of the shouters by his runners.\n\nThe official, who was of no less rank than a taotai, was dragged by the mob right through the city to the governor's yamên with a crowd that grew rapidly. Soon after 8 P.M. all the immense space in front of the yamên was packed with people, and the first two series of doors and wooden divisions had been burst in. Messages were handed to and fro, until at last the military were called into action. There was certainly some stabbing with bayonets—that deaths resulted is both asserted and denied. At any rate, messengers and fragments of the crowd broke off and scattered in all directions. Then followed beating of gongs and shouting of orders. Every house door was set open and every lamp lighted. The city gates were all shut.\n\nThe Work of Destruction.\n\nThe crowds that went south divided into two main streams. The western one reached the Wesleyan Methodist Mission, perhaps a little earlier than the eastern one would reach the Norwegian. The Methodist Mission door had not been opened at the first gong beating, so it was hammered at by the crowd. As soon as it was opened attention was concentrated on the buildings rented by the Imperial Post Office and the Imperial Bank a little further on in the same street. The post office door was too substantial for such weapons as the crowd possessed. Not so the bank doors and windows. Showers of shattered glass were followed by showers of broken tiles, as the mob leaders got on to the roof. One huge stroke, followed by a loud yell, announced that the doors were burst in. Then there was comparative stillness on the night air. It was only comparative, and it only lasted while the maddened crowd could retrace the 50 or 100 yards back to the mission. The mission windows and lamps followed after the manner of the bank, and the largest chapel in the city within two minutes was a wreck. The missionaries, who had all got dressed, were able to leave quietly by the back door, while the crowd streamed across the lawn and looted, and made a bonfire of the loot on the lawn. The missionaries—five ladies and four men—walked quite unmolested through the 200 yards of back streets between the compound and the city gate. Then there was a delay of twenty minutes or so while the keys were being fetched. The refugees were taken into the shop that is used by the guard. While they were there a police-box was smashed up; but no attempt was made to molest them. The gates were opened, and the missionaries went at once on to the C. N. steam-ship \"Siangtan.\" News was taken to the British consul (whose temporary consulate has been outside the gates, with telephonic communication to the city).\n\nWith the missionary in the house, telling the tale of the looting and burning, the Customs taotai telephoned out that the premises were adequately guarded!\n\nThe eastern crowd had first reached the Norwegian Mission. There the same story of looting of houses and escape of missionaries was repeated. The Norwegians were in a much less convenient position for reaching safety. They spent some hours on the city wall, and were well cared for by the official in charge at the North Gate. He himself helped in the cooking of some refreshments.\n\nThe nearest foreign neighbours were the doctor of the Yale Mission and his family and one of the professors at the Government College with his family. Their house was rented, and was overlooked by the crowd. The two families were received first into the house of a Chinese gentleman, and after dawn made their way through the Eastern Gate to a camp under the command of a friendly colonel.\n\nNot much farther on was the China Inland Mission compound. There the crowd made rapid destruction, but once more the missionaries escaped.\n\nAs the day wore on refugees came from one place and another, until every European and American had left the city.\n\nAbout 11 A.M. the mob fired the governor's yamên, and for the rest of the day volumes of smoke rose up as building after building caught fire. Rumour was busy; the governor had been murdered, had committed suicide, was in hiding. Assuredly there was but little space for him to hide in his own extensive compound by nightfall. At 2 o'clock a column of smoke rose over the Norwegian Mission, and a little later another marked the site of the China Inland Mission. There was no mistaking that mob rule was the only rule in Changsha.\n\nThat night the river side was attacked; the custom-house not held by the mob to be Chinese property; the wharves and godowns of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire and Jardine and Matheson were all burned down. So was the Catholic Mission outside the North Gate, the Japanese consulate inside the city, and the Normal College outside the South Gate.\n\nOn the Steamers.\n\nDuring the night the C.N. steam-ships \"Kian\" and \"Siangkiang\" arrived, and early on Friday morning a number of the ladies and others left for Hankow by the I.-C. steam-ship \"Changwo.\" The three British steamers had been chartered by the consul on behalf of the Government. Still, that does not alter the indebtedness of all on board to the great courtesy of the captains, officers, and not least the heavily overworked staff of Chinese servants.\n\nThe boats were first anchored about a mile or two below the city and were able to see and were seen by the looting crowds. Some of the best of the military officials—men who had some claim to be listened to, if only on account of their great help in guiding parties of refugees to safety—hazarded the opinion that the military would more quickly regain control if the boats would drop 10 miles or so further down out of sight. That there was a turn in the tide was shown by the fact that two looters caught in setting fire to a Chinese-owned hotel (which was patronised by foreigners) had been promptly bayonetted and hanged. So the consul gave orders for our boats to get out of sight.\n\nThe Japanese community (with the exception of one or two who could not be reached) had gathered in the compound of the \"Nisshin Kisen Kaisha,\" and with the help of 200 soldiers—who had been drilled by Japanese instructors—held the compound safe and sound. They were now all on board the \"Siangkiang.\"\n\nOn Saturday morning, the \"Siangtan\" and \"Siangkiang,\" both crowded with foreign passengers, left for Hankow, and the \"Kian\" stayed on alone. During the day reassuring reports came from some of the interior cities connected by telegraph with Changsha. But at 10 P.M. the whole missionary community at Siangtan, with the exception of two gentlemen, arrived on board the governor's tender which had\n\n[2751 2-4]\n\nD\n\n218",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910.txt",
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    {
        "id": 429164,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 505,
        "title": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "capacity for alcohol, and their potations lack the dignity and decorum which marked their earlier indulgence,\n\nThe opium dens in Tongyueh, Talifu and indeed in all the large cities are closed, though it is not difficult to obtain the drug or even to smoke at one of the clubs for those who are known, but opium pipes, lamps, and other accessories can no longer be seen on the streets. Smokers are registered in Ssumao in accordance with Imperial command, but no attempt has been made to introduce this practice in the northern cities, possibly on account of the inability of any ordinary staff to cope with the numerous applicants who might be expected to attend. There are but few Chinese officials in the district who are known to be smokers, and even these are being gradually replaced by new men; some of the Shan sawbwas however will still openly invite a guest to recline and partake of the drug as the first and most evident call of hospitality.\n\nMeasures of Prevention.\n\nThe province has been well placarded with proclamations, and officials who have proved backward in enforcing the Viceroy's orders of prohibition have been punished, in several cases by the loss of their posts. Numerous deputies from Yunnan-fu have toured the country, reporting direct to the capital on all failures to abolish the crops, and generally acting as a stimulant to local activity. Officials have been held responsible for their people, citizens for their neighbours, and individuals for themselves, and there has been a plentiful return of substantial offenders who have paid their way out of trouble and thus helped to compensate the district officials for their other losses in connection with the opium traffic. Military officials and troops have been stationed along the tribal belt to inaugurate the new era and their activity has been marked with varying success. In the course of a recent tour I passed one of these temporary camps in a secluded nook, and I was struck by the fact that it was pitched in the midst of acres of waving poppy flowers, tended, not by tribesmen, but by enterprising Chinese.\n\nConclusion.\n\nIn conclusion, I have the honour to report that my estimate of the production of opium in the western circuit of Yunnan during the season of 1909-10 was 5,000 piculs, a decrease of 31,000 piculs since the inauguration of the anti-opium campaign, and that the land under cultivation amounted to 27,000 acres. I am of opinion that the acreage under poppy in the purely Chinese zone was so small as to produce but an inappreciable proportion of the drug, and that the bulk could be traced to the mountainous districts of the Shan and tribal country. It is possible that the Chinese will be able to effect a slight decrease in the above figures if the present vigilance continues, but they will probably recognise that it is neither expedient nor safe to effect an entire cessation of production among the restless frontier tribes, to whom the drug is necessary as a safeguard against the virulent malaria of their country, and as the only crop which will provide them with the simple necessaries of a life which has already reached the margin of discomfort and poverty. In the purely Chinese zone the consumption of the drug has fallen in the last two years from its pinnacle of high commerce and open hospitality to the standard of illicit contracts, of smugglers' paths, and back-door conspiracy. Large numbers still use the opium-pipe, and all abandon it with regret: but if the present relations between the price of the drug and the wages of labour are accentuated or even maintained, it is unlikely that the Yunnanese will be generally addicted to the opium habit after a period of five years.\n\nThe measures of prohibition have been enforced in this district under conditions which have presented every possible difficulty, both geographical, agricultural, and political, and it is evidence of the activity and earnestness of the officials that they have had the courage and the power to enforce the orders from the Throne. It is still early, however, to estimate the ultimate results which may be expected from the sudden abolition of this wide-spread and lucrative crop. The province presents an unhappy combination of poverty and ambition; it would be first in the anti-opium movement and at the same time a leader in the new spirit which is spreading through the Empire; at every city of importance a sturdy and well-equipped fighting force is springing into existence, and the men are taught to expect their pay at a high standard and at regular intervals, which will tax the provincial finances to the utmost, for under present conditions Yunnan is unable even to pay for its own administration. At such a moment, when they might well have striven to husband their resources and to readjust their economic position on sounder lines, the authorities at the capital have\n\nsuddenly committed the province to a whirlwind policy of opium extermination and of consequent agricultural depression, the results of which are not yet realised by the majority of the officials, and are but dimly imagined by the masses of the people. In the meanwhile the district officials and the tribal chiefs, robbed of a fruitful and steady source of revenue, are casting about for some new spring of wealth, and their only remedy lies in some fresh appeal to the already over-burdened farmers. To many of them the seriousness of the situation is apparent, and it can only be hoped that the next few years will bring plentiful harvests, and that the pay of the troops will not be allowed to fall into arrears. The soldiers and farmers have already shown an inclination to join forces in several of the local opium riots, and in this country of difficult communications such a combination offers a serious problem to the responsible officials. The prohibition measures have been successful beyond anticipation but unpopular beyond measure, and the first sign of relaxation in the Viceroy's attitude towards the opium question would assuredly be the signal for the poppy to spring up throughout the miles of territory now lying fallow for want of capital and knowledge and suitable crops. With a steady conviction that such a day must come, and that the measures of prohibition must die a natural death, the traders and capitalists are hoarding up their stocks in the full confidence that their foresight will reap a rich\n\nARCHIBALD ROSE.\n\nreward.\n\nTengyueh, June 9, 1910.\n\n501",
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    {
        "id": 431977,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-378 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [6-7]",
        "page_number": 185,
        "title": "CO129-378 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [6-7]",
        "content_text": "## HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nThe vote for the redemption of subsidiary coinage which appears annually in the estimates is a rather misleading title. It refers to two separate matters. The first is the unavoidable and inevitable loss we have to sustain in consequence of the depreciation of our coinage, that is to say, the amount which has to be written off in the Treasury and which in 1910 is estimated at $70,440 as against a vote of $40,000. For 1911 we have provided a larger sum, $75,000, which ought to cover this loss. The second matter included in the vote is loss on demonetisation, which is purely optional. During 1910 we have melted down in all $898,100 face value of subsidiary coinage, that is to say, $759,300 silver and $138,800 copper, and the cost of doing this over and above what we should have to have written off will amount to $83,357, for which no provision was made in the estimates.\n\nThe Colony for many years in the past made a very considerable profit by importing subsidiary coin which found its way into China. This was not to be avoided. The Colony was bound to import coin for its own needs, and if it disappeared out of the Colony and was taken away into China the Colony was compelled to go on importing in order to maintain its own supply. I do think, however, that a considerable part of the profit which was in earlier years made on that coinage ought to have been set apart to a reserve fund, but it was not.\n\nIt was spent. We have now in consequence to refund a part at least of this profit. We are therefore as a matter of fact only now liquidating liabilities which were created in that series of years when we took the profit and used it as a portion of our annual revenue. I have endeavoured to ascertain the amount of profit which we made in that way. There are no separate records prior to the year 1872, but between the years 1872 and 1905 the profit which was credited to revenue amounted to $2,226,234. We began to lose the year that I came to the Colony, 1907, and the loss during the four years which have elapsed since then amounts to $793,293, so that we have only paid back a little more than one-third of the profit we have made. During these four years we have withdrawn silver subsidiary coins to the face value of $5,272,012.25 and copper to the face value of $255,086.23, or in actual coins we have withdrawn about 52 million silver and about 25 million copper coins. The actual figures are 52,579,488 in silver and 25,508,623 of copper.\n\nI need hardly remind you that this question of the redundancy of our own coinage and the loss we have had to incur in the endeavour to rehabilitate it, is quite a separate aspect of the \"Subsidiary Coinage Question\" from the currency of Chinese coins in this Colony. I am glad to see that of late one important company is discriminating between Hongkong and Chinese coinage and is now refusing to receive Chinese coins. I think that we may anticipate there is a prospect of a termination of these difficulties. China is taking certain steps towards the reorganisation of her currency. However that may be, the Treasurer reports, so far as our own coinage is concerned, that during the recent financial panic among the Chinese the discount on Hongkong silver coins fell to only three per cent, and that copper now stands at from two to five per cent, discount only. He anticipates that when trade revives, and there is a greater demand for silver, the discount will largely decrease and very probably reach par. Once our subsidiary coinage has reached par it will be an easier matter for us to deal with the question of alien coinage in this Colony, if it be necessary to take any particular steps in that direction. You will, I am sure, agree with me that the demonetisation of upwards of 77 million coins at a cost of over 7 lakhs constitutes a very substantive step towards the rehabilitation of our currency, and is very creditable to the Colony in view of the financial difficulties of these four years.\n\nThe next financial minute, regarding which I have a few words to say, is No. 104, that is, the vote for $309,479 for the resumption of land. You will find in the estimates for the current year a sum of $374,805 for the resumption of land for a railway station. The sum now before you relates to the same matter, and the only reason it was brought before the Council to-day is because the land was inaccurately described in the estimates as being for a railway station. In all probability, it will not now be used for a railway station. You will see from the vote that we have made a saving of about $65,000 on the anticipated price. The financial minute, therefore, which you are asked to approve does not involve any new or unauthorised expenditure from what was sanctioned by the Legislative Council when the estimates were passed.\n\nThe third and only other vote on which I wish to remark is No. 101, a sum of $55,500 in aid of the vote, public works extraordinary. This refers to the site of four houses which separate the old western market from Morrison Street. Three of them have collapsed and the other, together with one which was already Government property, are reported by the Building Authority to be unfit for habitation.\n\nAt the present moment we are in process of rebuilding the western market, which is very dilapidated and we are adding a second storey to it. Even with this increased accommodation the demand for shops and stalls will in all probability not be met. The market is in a very populous district and there is a great demand for stalls. The present moment, therefore, is an exceedingly favourable one for resumption, because we only have to pay the price of the land instead of having to pay also for the price of buildings erected upon it. If we do not take this opportunity new houses will be erected and we should have to pay for them as well as for the land itself. The market is a very remunerative work, and a revenue of some $30,000 per annum is expected from the new building. The cost of the present improvement is $100,000, and I am informed the value it is proposed to pay for this land, $55,000, is very reasonable and proper.\n\nThe motion was agreed to.\n\n## Financial\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the report of the Finance Committee (No. 17) and moved its adoption.\n\nTHE COLONIAL TREASURER seconded, and the motion was agreed to.\n\n## Public Works Committee\n\nTHE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the report of the Public Works Committee (No. 8)\n\n## Liquors Rebate\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY--Sir, I beg to move the following resolution:-Resolved that the sum of $112 as an Import Allowance for the year 1910 be paid out of the Public Revenue of the Colony as a rebate in part to the Naval Authorities in respect of the duties paid on intoxicating liquors (not being Naval Stores the property of His Majesty) consumed at the Officers' Mess at the Royal Naval Hospital and at the Engineers' Mess in His Majesty's Dockyard. This vote is rendered necessary by the inclusion of the institutions mentioned in the rebate system.\n\nTHE COLONIAL TREASURER seconded, and the motion was agreed to.\n\n## Questions Answered\n\nTHE HON. MR. H. E. POLLOCK had given notice of the following questions:\n\n1. What would be (approximately) the cost of turfing and laying out and enclosing the plot of ground to the west of the Hongkong Club in such a manner as to make it uniform with the adjacent plot of ground to the west of it?\n\n2. What work, if any, has been done in connection with the promised erection of a light on Kap Sing Island, at the Southern entrance to the Capsuimu Pass? Has any contract been entered into with reference to this work? If not, why not? If so, what is the contract date for the completion of the work?\n\n3. What is the contract date for the completion of the new Harbour of Refuge at Mong-Kok Tsui?\n\n4. What is the estimated saving of expenditure to be gained by the omission to erect a clock tower on the new Post Office, as was originally designed?\n\n5. Will the Government lay before the Council the information, which is in its possession, with reference to the prospects of a wireless telegraphy station, for the signalling of typhoons, being established on some island of the Pratas Group?\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY replied to the questions as under:\n\n1. \"Not less than $4,000.\"\n\n2. A tender by Messrs. Chance Bros. & Co. for the necessary apparatus for a fifth order light and for a fog bell together with the structure to support them has been accepted in England. The apparatus and structure will be sent out to the Colony as soon as they are completed.\n\n3. The contract date for the completion of the new Harbour of Refuge at Mongkoktsui is the 26th October, 1915. The amount of the contract is $2,018,002.54",
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        "id": 432338,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-379 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 88,
        "title": "CO129-379 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "# SECRET\n\n## C 86 31797\n\nFrom:  \n**The General Officer Commanding**  \nSouth China Command.  \n**Received** 30 SEP 11  \n\nTo:  \nThe Secretary,  \n**Army Council**,  \nWhitehall,  \nLondon. S.W.1.\n\n**Headquarters**,  \nHongkong.  \n19th August, 1911.\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to report the following case:-\n\nOn the 5th November, 1910, two newly arrived Sappers of the 25th Company, Royal Engineers, were sent out to join a detachment then working on the preparation of gun mountings on Mount Davis. They made certain statements to their Divisional officer, a copy of whose report with the recorded statements of the two Sappers is attached.\n\nFrom this it will be seen that on the 5th November, 1910, a certain German, Mr Heerman, son of the manager (possibly partner) of the firm of Gaupp and Co., a well-known firm of opticians and chart sellers of long standing in Hongkong, was in possession of a large-scale plan of the Mount Davis Defences at the Western entrance of the Harbour, and possibly also of a plan of Devil's Peak Defences at the Eastern entrance. It is curious that he should have openly shown the former plan to the two soldiers.\n\nI would here remark that owing to the configuration...",
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    {
        "id": 434339,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 340,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# May 2\n\n2 \n\nbelieves that in the present unsettled condition of western Yünnan, the Chinese will be unable to send troops from Tengyueh across the frontier, and this view finds some support from the recent report (in my telegram dated the 10th October, 1910) that it had been found necessary to send troops from Tengyueh and Talifu to oppose Szechuan army deserters, who were invading Yünnan from the north. Although the Lieutenant-Governor is disposed to think it probable that Mr. Rose's anticipation of a peaceful issue to Mr. Hertz's expedition will be realised, his honour cannot disregard the possibility of the other alternative. Mr. Rose has recently reported the preparation by the Chinese at Tengyueh of a large-scale map including the unadministered territory in question. The object of this map may be merely in connection with the ordinary administration of the tract by Chinese officials, which is known to be imminent, and which Mr. Hertz's expedition is intended to forestall. But on the other hand, the preparation of a map is consistent with an intention to move troops, and it is not more difficult for troops to enter the unadministered territory from Tengyueh than from Myitkyina. It must be noted that Mr. Rose's memorandum indicated several possible routes from Tengyueh into that territory, any one of which might bring a Chinese force directly on to the flank of Mr. Hertz's march. Having regard to this possibility, the Lieutenant-Governor thinks that it is no longer wise to adhere to the original arrangement by which Mr. Hertz's escort, exclusive of the rationing base, was to be split up into two small parties; and his honour is not satisfied that the total strength originally proposed would be sufficient to ensure a peaceful or even a successful issue. Small isolated parties might invite opposition or attack, whereas by a substantial show of force we should be more likely to avoid all risk of hostilities. The sanctioned arrangements, moreover, include no provision for the dispatch of a relieving force, in case Mr. Hertz's escort found itself in a difficult position. No effective relief could be afforded by the military police even if sufficient men could be furnished, because magazine rifles and ammunition have not been provided except for the escort itself. If Mr. Hertz were forced to retire or if a portion of his escort were cut off, there would be the most serious loss of prestige; and on the other hand, if the expedition does not proceed this year, the almost certain loss of the entire territory and the establishment of the Chinese on the upper reaches of the Irrawaddy must be accepted. In these circumstances, the Lieutenant-Governor is strongly of opinion that the expedition ought to proceed; but his honour recommends that the original arrangements should be modified so as to make a greater show of force, (1) by rendering Mr. Hertz's escort stronger and more compact, and (2) by stationing a force of regular troops in readiness in the neighbourhood of Myitkyina, in case it should become necessary to extricate or support Mr. Hertz's party.\n\n4. As already reported by telegram, the Lieutenant-Governor now recommends that the proposed expedition of a civil officer to the Shan State of Hkamti should be postponed for one year, his escort of 125 rifles being added to the escort originally proposed for Mr. Hertz. Mr. Hertz's escort will then consist of eleven British officers (including a medical officer) and 607 native ranks (including thirty-two signallers). A rationing base of 100 rifles will be established at Makawng, leaving a force of 475 rifles to accompany Mr. Hertz as his escort. A compact force of this strength is less likely to be attacked or to meet with resistance, but as an additional precaution the Lieutenant-Governor recommends that one native infantry battalion shall be stationed temporarily in the Myitkyina district, one-half of the battalion being kept at Myitkyina as a garrison, and the other half provided with transport and moved out to Seniku in readiness to follow Mr. Hertz into the unadministered territory and relieve him if required. The Lieutenant-Governor has already requested the Major-General commanding the Burmah division to be so good as to obtain sanction to the dispatch of a wing of a native regiment to garrison Myitkyina during the absence of the military police; his honour's present proposal is that a whole battalion should be sent, one-half being mobilized and pushed forward to Seniku. This movement of regular troops into the Myitkyina district will doubtless impress the Chinese and render them less disposed to interfere. The Lieutenant-Governor has discussed the matter with the Inspector-General of Police and the Major-General commanding the division. His honour's present proposals have been framed not only with a view to ensure the safety of Mr. Hertz's party, but also to avoid hostilities by removing from the Chinese all temptation to attack. As the proposals are more likely to lead to a peaceful solution, his honour hopes that they may be approved. They will entail some alteration of the instructions which formed Enclosure 2 of my letter of the 10th May, 1910, and I am accordingly to submit a revised set of instructions for the approval of the Government of India. There is one other suggestion which has not yet been mentioned, and which was made to the Lieutenant-Governor by the Major-General commanding the division, namely that the military authorities should furnish a Maxim gun section of ten men, under a junior British officer, to accompany Mr. Hertz's escort. This arrangement seems to the Lieutenant-Governor to be highly desirable as an additional measure of precaution, and I am to recommend that the Government of India may be pleased to issue the necessary orders for its adoption.\n\n5. I am now to describe the arrangements proposed for the establishment of a military police post in the unadministered tract, so as to ensure the permanency of our occupation. The country is at present almost unknown, and the location of the post cannot therefore be definitely settled until after actual inspection. But it is probable that the post will be established at or near Atawgaw, and it will also be necessary to establish a small connecting post at Makawng. The Lieutenant-Governor proposes that Mr. Hertz should leave a civil officer, two British officers of military police, and 175 rifles to garrison the post at Atawgaw, and 50 rifles under a native officer to occupy the post at Makawng. If the Chinese do not interfere with Mr. Hertz's operations, these posts can be withdrawn at the commencement of the rains and sent out again in the following open season. Otherwise, it will probably be necessary to leave them out throughout the rains. In order to ensure a sufficient supply of ammunition, the Lieutenant-Governor has already asked for 500 rounds for each of the magazine rifles lent to the military police, in addition to the 400 rounds of ball ammunition already supplied, and his honour hopes that this request will be granted. The estimated cost of establishing posts at Htawgaw and Makawng, and the total estimated cost of Mr. Hertz's expedition are now being calculated, and will form the subject of a separate report.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n## Enclosure 2 in No. 1\n\n**W. F. RICE, Chief Secretary**\n\n### Instructions concerning the Tour to be made for the purpose of bringing under Administration the Unadministered Country East of the 'Nmaikha\n\nMR. HERTZ, Deputy Commissioner, Myitkyina, with Mr. Scott, Assistant Superintendent, as his assistant, will proceed with an escort of military police to visit the unadministered country east of the 'Nmaikha, including Pienma and villages within easy march of that village. Mr. Hertz will be in exclusive civil and political charge, and will decide all administrative questions on his own responsibility, subject to such references to the Commissioner as he may consider necessary.\n\n2. The object of the tour is to bring under direct administration the country between the 'Nmaikha and the watershed between that river and the Shweli and Salween as far as latitude 26° 15' or thereabouts, including the villages on both sides of and in the valley of the Ngaw Kha and its junction with the 'Nmaikha, to nullify the recent attempts by the chief of Teng Keng to establish his authority over villages in British territory, and to effect the removal from the tract in question of all traces of occupation on behalf of China.\n\nTo effect this, Mr. Hertz will visit as many villages as possible, issue appointment orders to headmen, settle any disputes which may be brought before him between villages in the aforementioned tract, levy a nominal tribute, the amount of which will be left to his discretion, but should not exceed 1 rupee per household, destroy any boundary pillars which may have been erected by the Chinese within that area, and generally collect all available information, and explain to the villagers that they will henceforth be under British rule, and that they are entitled to British protection and will pay tribute.\n\n3. The force will be furnished by the military police and will consist of—\n\n| Category | Strength |\n| --- | --- |\n| Escort | 475 rifles and 20 signallers |\n| Ration base | 100 rifles and 12 signallers |\n\nIt will start from Myitkyina as early as possible in November or December 1910.\n\n4. Major ffrench-Mullen will be in command of the escort; Captain Moule will be second in command; Captain Gilchrist will be in command of the rationing base, with Lieutenant Pickthall attached to it as assistant commandant. They also will be ...\n\nPage 338",
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    {
        "id": 436355,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911",
        "page_number": 187,
        "title": "CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911",
        "content_text": "妻\n\nTOM: -\n\nThe General Officer Commanding,\n\nC O 31929\n\nSouth China Command.\n\nTo:-\n\nThe Secretary,\n\nIREC Rro 2 OCT\n\n185\n\n38173\n\nGeneres Steffa\n\nArmy Council,\n\nNo K/321/3\n\nWhitehall,\n\nAug. 1911.\n\nSECRET.\n\nLondon, S.W.\n\nSir,\n\nHeadquarters,\n\nHong Kong,\n\n19th August, 1911.\n\nI have the honour to report the following case:-\n\nOn the 5th November, 1910, two newly arrived Sappers of the 25th Company, Royal Engineers were sent out to join a detachment then working on the preparation of gun mountings on Mount Davis. They made a certain statement to their Divisional Officer, a copy of whose report with the recorded statements of the two Sappers is attached.\n\nFrom this it will be seen that on the 5th November, 1910, a certain German, Mr. Heermann, son of the manager (possibly partner) of the firm of Gaupp & Co., a well-known firm of opticians and chart sellers of long standing in Hong Kong, was in possession of a large-scale plan of the Mount Davis Defences at the Western entrance of the harbour, and possibly also of a plan of Devil's Peak Defences at the Eastern entrance. It is curious that he should have openly shown the former plan to the two soldiers.\n\nI would here remark that owing to the configuration of the land of Hong Kong Island and on the Mainland, it is easy for anyone to see all our guns and gun emplacements from the tops of numerous hills, whence also they might be located by triangulation.\n\nThe case was referred to His Excellency the Governor, who, after consultation with the Hon. The Attorney General, came to the",
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    {
        "id": 437908,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-390 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 114,
        "title": "CO129-390 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "OP Y.\n\nSecret.\n\nEnclosure 1.\n\nHead Quarters,\n\nSouth China Command,\n\nHongkong, 15th April, 1912.\n\n103\n\nYour Excellency,\n\nIn reply to your Secret letter without number of the 11th April, 1912, giving cover to a copy of a telegram from the Secretary of State for the Colonies regarding a certain lease, I have the honour to inform you that the Military objections to the said lease were most fully detailed in my K/376 of 25th August, 1911, to His Excellency the Governor of Hongkong and in my K/378/4 of 1st September, 1911, to the Secretary of the Army Council.\n\n2.\n\nI am still of opinion that from the point of view of the Fortress Commander here these objections to the proposed lease are very strong ones and are equally applicable to a similar lease of any site in the Colony.\n\n3.\n\nAs however a copy of the above letter was sent under cover of my K/378/4 of 1st September, 1911, to the Secretary of the Army Council these objections, to which I can add nothing further, have already doubtless received due consideration from superior authorities at Home and have, for reasons of general political or economical expediency, been held insufficient to make it advisable to refuse the grant of the lease.\n\n4.\n\nAs Fortress Commander here in view of the small strength of the Garrison I much regret this decision.\n\n5.\n\nAs regards reservations about the Cable Hut and its appurtenances. The only safeguards which appear to me feasible are:-\n\n(a). That the Cable Hut should be enclosed on the South, East and West sides by a wall loopholed for Musketry and extended by a high unclimable fence well out into the sea on the Western and Eastern faces.\n\n(b).",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-390 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [5-6].txt",
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    {
        "id": 445547,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-406 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "page_number": 18,
        "title": "CO129-406 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "content_text": "# seems little doubt that milder measures would have failed to accomplish the desired end. The sudden and sweeping character of the repressive campaign must be accepted as proof of the determination of the Hunan authorities to justify their claim to a place on the free list.\n\nFrom Changsha to Paoching, which is roughly in the centre of the province, the whole party travelled together. With the permanent escort provided by the Provincial Government, the local escorts from the various prefectures, and the porters necessary for so large a party, we often numbered as many as 200 men. It was evident that it would be impossible to accommodate and feed so large a party on the small roads, and, when we separated at Paoching, I felt bound to insist on a substantial reduction in the retinue. The murder of two opium deputies at Hsu-pu last year, and the constant skirmishes between the soldiers and the farmers had made the authorities genuinely anxious for our safety. We had no trouble from the people, however, throughout the journey, and our only anxiety was the feeding, even of a small party, in many of the remoter districts.\n\nThe Miaos gave no sign of the unfriendliness against which we had been so gravely warned by the officials. They are an unusually fine race of men and women, of good physique and with pleasant open faces. They retain their own language and customs, and their tribal ornaments, but their dress differs little from that of the Chinese. They are the most prosperous and the most civilised of the tribesmen whom I have met in China, and although they give constant trouble to the Chinese, and resent their interference and their attempts at administration, it was evident that they were well disposed towards us as foreigners. Their villages are built in commanding positions on the very crests of the hills, and they are picturesque, well built, and defiant, in striking contrast to the hidden villages of the tribesmen further west. A line of forts and blockhouses has been built by the Chinese to command the roads and to keep open communications, and they are now endeavouring to secure moral hold over the tribesmen by founding a regiment of them, in which the men have insisted on the appointment of Miao officers.\n\nThere is a tendency for the Chinese to intermarry with Miao women, and, as is generally the case in union between the Chinese and a cognate race, the children are particularly fine specimens both physically and mentally. I imagine that Hunan owes much of its prosperity and individuality to the Miao blood, which is evidently the aboriginal stock of the country.\n\nThe greater part of Southern and Western Hunan consists of a plateau of about 1,500 feet, broken by mountain peaks of great grandeur and beauty. Forests of pine and fir cover the mountain sides, the passes are from 3,000 to 5,000 feet in height, and at this season of the year the country is intersected by countless torrents, bordered by a wealth of flowers, with rhododendrons, azaleas, and many flowering shrubs. For only two days were we free of rain, which fell almost incessantly, making the steep tracks difficult and dangerous. In spite of constant fever, arising no doubt from the continual damp and the exhausting marches, the porters and soldiers were willing and good tempered, and the Hunanese are a fine sturdy race with whom it is a pleasure to travel. The mountain roads link up a line of scattered villages surrounded by fields of rice, wheat, rape, buckwheat, and hemp. The villages have an architectural beauty which never ceases to astonish one in these remote and thinly-peopled regions. The timbered farm-houses, the graceful bridges, and fine ancestral halls in their setting of golden rape flowers against dark rocks and pines, show a skill in construction and an artistic perception amongst these farmers of Hunan which marks them with an individuality all their own. Farmers by tradition and inheritance, they have given to China a line of scholars, engineers, administrators, and Empire builders of whom they are justly proud. Their fierce resistance to any foreign encroachment on their province and their rights has created an impression of an anti-foreign sentiment among the people. In the course of our tour, however, we were welcomed every evening by the representative men of the villages, and they seemed to me friendly, interested, and intelligent, with a directness of mind and expression which is unusual among the Chinese.\n\nThe evidence of independent travellers tends to show that opium has not been produced near the towns or along the main roads of Hunan for several years past, but official proclamations and the provincial press have admitted the failure of the authorities to clear these outlying mountain villages, where transport is difficult, and a light easily-carried commodity such as opium is produced. The Hunanese farmer, moreover, is an independent and vigorous personality, and it was evident to us that he would make a definite struggle against official interference unless it was backed by overwhelming force. The campaign against the poppy has been well organised and effective; a line of garrisons has been stretched along the whole of the southern and western borders; groups of five families have been bound together for preventive purposes with a bond of mutual responsibility under heavy penalties; the teachers in the Government schools now existing in every rural community have been charged with opium-intelligence work as part of their official duties; and numbers of deputies have scoured the country offering rewards for every poppy plant produced by informers. In the Paoching district 5 dollars a root was offered last season, and the fact that the reward was never claimed appeared to prove the prefecture free of poppy. In Kwei-yang Hsien the reward had to be reduced to 1 cash a plant owing to the numbers brought in, but even here a careful examination by Mr. King failed to reveal any crops at harvest time this year.\n\nThroughout the southern and western districts also the military operations have been successful in clearing the country, though the campaign has been accompanied by cruelty and corruption. The evidence all pointed to the fact that the poppy had been sown in small patches over an extensive area, but that the total amount under cultivation was inconsiderable. The fact that few fields were lying fallow appeared to me to prove that the uprooted opium crops could not have covered very much ground, and that the harvest would have had very little effect on the general market even in the province itself. Even the steep hillsides were planted with wood-oil trees of from two to four years' growth, showing that the main campaign against the poppy had taken place several seasons ago. In some places, where the campaign of destruction had been so hurried that there had not been time to uproot all the crops, the water had been let into the fields, and the poppy plants were serving as a somewhat extravagant fertiliser for the ensuing rice crops.\n\nAs to the use of opium, it was difficult to obtain precise information, for we were accompanied by large escorts, which were inclined to hamper our free intercourse with the people. Many of the local soldiers, however, had taken part in the preventive campaigns, and their personal experiences proved an interesting commentary on the accounts of the officials. A number of smokers, both men and women, have undoubtedly been executed in different parts of the province, but I could obtain no exact information as to the numbers of victims in the western area, and I think that the campaign in that part of the province has been conducted on broad lines rather than against individuals, and that it has been mainly concerned with the destruction of the crops.\n\nThe Republican officials are generally young men who have been educated in Japan, and few, if any, of them indulge in opium smoking. The soldiers also appear to be quite free from the habit, and in their case the beneficial results of freedom from the drug are beyond all question. In some of the larger centres, notably in Hung-chiang and Shen-chou-fu, large numbers of the people have the opium complexion, but we were unable to obtain any direct evidence of smoking or of the use of opium pills, and the penetrating smell of the drug, once so common in the inns and on the boats, was entirely absent. Opium pills could not be bought by our party in any of the towns or villages through which we passed, nor could they obtain opium. There is little doubt that considerable numbers of the population still use the drug in one form or another, but the sale is always attended with difficulty and danger, and it is only supplied to those who are well known. The price is so high too, ranging from three dollars an ounce in Hung-chiang and Shen-chou to nine dollars in Changsha, that it is far beyond the means of the masses.\n\nI learned from men who were coming in from the neighbouring provinces that opium can still be freely grown and used immediately across the Kueichow border, and that numbers of Hunan coolies prefer to remain in that province, where the scale of wage is lower than in Hunan, rather than abandon the use of the drug, which is of very real service to those engaged in hard manual labour under trying climatic conditions. The abolition of opium would doubtless benefit China in many ways, but an experience of travelling in many provinces in the interior convinces me that it will be a very real loss to the over-burdened carrying coolie and the worker in the wet paddy fields. This last journey was certainly one of unusual hardship for our caravan, owing to the bad weather and the difficult roads, but I have never seen so much suffering among the porters, who arrived day after day at the end of their long marches wet and cold and too exhausted to sleep or eat without some simple stimulant. They used the country liquor as an alternative to opium, but there can be little question that it is more expensive, more deleterious, and less effective as a remedy than the pipe of opium to which they have been accustomed, and which has not prevented the coolie of the interior from pursuing an active life to a ripe and healthy old age.",
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    {
        "id": 456940,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-426 - Public Offices - 1915",
        "page_number": 256,
        "title": "CO129-426 - Public Offices - 1915",
        "content_text": "2\n\n44\n\nCK\n\nattack on the Japanese consul produced some effect, and recently there have been marked indications that Chinese opinion at Canton is veering round to the other side.\" Mr. Jamieson, moreover, expresses the opinion that the German campaign did nothing to injure British or to maintain German trade, and that the latter is suffering severely. At Foochow the German campaign has been more successful, thanks to the activity of the German consul and the pro-German tendencies of his intimate friend, the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, and His Majesty's consul reports that Germany is obviously regarded as the nation which is to rescue China from the wolves which are tearing her to pieces.\" At Amoy on the other hand, where, as at Foochow, fears of Japanese aggression might have been expected to assist a German propaganda, the general feeling among the educated classes is a fear as to the effect of the war on trade, and the possibility of China being embroiled, while the masses feel an amused satisfaction that the Powers, who, they are told, are always united at China's throat, should now be grappling with each other.\" An attempt to stir up a pro-German feeling by the dissemination of highly-coloured pamphlets has met with no success. At Tsinan-fu the Japanese proved themselves the more skilful organisers of a press campaign, and they received effective support from His Majesty's consul, who showed great initiative and energy in obtaining the dissemination of Reuter's telegrams. Mr. Pratt's account of the general situation in Shantung during the past quarter is of special interest, and is therefore enclosed in extenso. In Yunnan, where mutiny and rebellion have been so common for years past as scarcely to excite comment, stories of mutiny in India are readily believed, though His Majesty's consul-general at Chengtu has been at pains to deny them.\n\nVarious circumstances have contributed to the success of the German press campaign in Western China; the withdrawal of the French missionaries recalled to the colours has naturally given rise to a crop of rumours, and the German scientific expedition, which is now travelling in Western Szechuan, has industriously spread every kind of story, while the two German professors at Chengtu have spared no effort to disseminate glowing accounts of German victories in Europe. In the attack on Tsingtao an analogy has been found to the violation of Belgian neutrality, and it is freely argued that China should declare war on Japan for the same reason that Belgium is fighting Germany. There is no doubt that it would require no official encouragement to make an anti-Japanese policy on the part of the Government extremely popular.\" On the other hand, the command of the Dalai Lama that prayers should be offered throughout Tibet for the success of the British arms has had considerable influence on the frontier tribesmen. It is satisfactory that His Majesty's consul-general should be able to report that the local authorities at Chengtu have shown every desire to adopt a reasonable and impartial attitude. At Pakhoi the German campaign is in the hands of the Keeler Mission, which issues a broadsheet every week. Mr. Toller reports that \"normally it is a religious tract pure and simple, but since the outbreak of the war it has become a local edition of the \"Ostasiatischer Lloyd.\" Its editing would seem to leave room for improvement: Saturday's issue can often be bought on Thursday, and occasionally it appears with such items of news as :- \"The Germans have defeated the ... Or the German ship has sunk the ... ship named ...,\" the task of filling up the blanks in the stereotyped formula having escaped the missionary's notice.\" At Chunking the unfortunate Chinese are asked to believe that \"the British fleet has been swept off the seas by the German warships.\" At Hankow the interest taken by the native population in the war is stated to be about as great as that which would be taken in a Tibetan border affray, and the same must be true of many other parts of China, as the subject of Chinese opinion or sympathies is not even mentioned in many of the quarterly reports.\n\nRecently, however, the Germans appear to have decided that China is a suitable field for an active campaign. The two or three Chinese papers published at Peking, which are known to be partly or wholly German owned, have published many virulent attacks on Great Britain, a favourite theme naturally being the contrast between the attitude she adopted towards the violation of Belgian and Chinese neutrality. However, even these papers publish the official British telegrams and Reuter's telegrams, but in less prominent type than the German and with impertinent comments.\n\nIt is difficult to see what results it is hoped to achieve by this campaign. Chinese sympathy could only show itself in a practical form by an attempt to massacre Germany's foes, and in such a massacre the Germans could not hope to escape. As is pointed out in some of the consular reports, from the commercial point of view, the Chinese are confronted with the concrete fact that German trade has almost ceased to exist. They are therefore compelled to trade with those who can trade with them, whether or no they believe that Germany's foes will at some future date be swept off the face of the earth.\n\nAt the same time there is a possibility, which cannot be entirely disregarded, that the many factions in opposition to the President (who is known to lean on British support) may think the moment a favourable one to rebel, and hope to gain adherents from the fact that the educated classes have been led to believe that the President's main prop among the European nations is a broken reed.\n\nThe actual news issued by the \"Ostasiatischer Lloyd\" is a curious study. Occasionally this agency obtains information—notably in the case of the engagement off the coast of Chile two or three days before it is received from other sources; in other cases the news has every appearance of being Reuter's telegrams suitably \"decked out\" and expanded or minimised. Many of the \"telegrams\" which appear under a heading \"New York, November 1; Peking, November 3,\" almost must have been drafted here, but they do little credit to their author's intellectual capacity, and in some cases even reveal a deplorable ignorance of geography. Another remarkable point is that the \"Ostasiatischer Lloyd\" news bears little resemblance to that issued by wireless from Germany as reported in \"The Times.\" It is only occasionally that news is issued by the German Legation, and it has been observed that in cases where the statement is unusually inaccurate, the copy posted at the Peking Club sometimes bears the signature of the German Chargé d'Affaires. Reference has been made in the London press to the removal from the \"Peking Gazette\" of the English editor, Mr. Woodhead, for taking a too partial view of the war, and it may probably be traced to German influence, though it is impossible to speak with certainty. When the paper was founded rather over a year ago, a Mr. Eggerling, a British subject born of German parents in Scotland, informed Mr. Woodhead that he was the sole proprietor, and that the paper was in no sense under German influence. Subsequently shares were acquired by Chinese, of whom the most prominent is one Eugen Chen, an able man, who is on the roll of English solicitors, but cannot on that account be regarded as a friend; he has, indeed, on one occasion made a violent personal attack on His Majesty's Minister in another Peking paper. Prior to the outbreak of the war the editor had on several occasions criticised the policy of the French, Russian, and Japanese Legations with more vigour than discretion, and the general view held in Peking was that the paper was directly or indirectly under German influence. As the war progressed, Mr. Woodhead adopted a steadily more anti-German line, with the result that he found himself in conflict with Mr. Eggerling, who had not relinquished his position in the German Bank, and probably found himself subjected to considerable pressure. Mr. Woodhead, however, refused to change his tone, whereupon Mr. Eggerling transferred his interest in the paper to Eugen Chen, who promptly dismissed Mr. Woodhead on the ground that a strongly partisan attitude towards the European conflict cannot be held to be in conformity with the avowed policy of upholding the present régime in China and of maintaining an independent attitude towards the Governments of other Powers. This incident has been regarded by the German community as a marked success, but hitherto Eugen Chen, who has undertaken the editorship himself, has given no indication that he intends to run the paper in the interests of Germany, and indeed his comments on Mr. Asquith's Guildhall speech would not have excited adverse criticism had they appeared in any London paper.\n\nHe has, however, only been in control for three weeks, so that it is too early to judge whether he will really act on his public announcement that the paper will henceforth be conducted with the sole view of supporting Chinese interests and will discuss and report European questions in a perfectly impartial spirit. As regards the attitude of the official classes it is impossible to generalise more than to say that the President and his entourage have more sympathy with us than with our enemies, whereas the military classes who have come to some extent directly under German influence incline to the other side. Otherwise local conditions are the determining factor. With the fall of Tsingtao there is little danger of further serious violation of China's neutrality. During the past months many incidents have conclusively proved her inability to defend it, but whenever this Legation has called the Government's attention to any particular case, some serious effort has been made to meet our views, and we have every reason to be satisfied with the manner in which the Chinese Government has interpreted the duties of neutrality.\n\nThe general situation in the provinces, as portrayed in recent consular reports, has to some extent improved. Brigandage on a large scale has received a check in the disappearance of \"White Wolf,\" though small bands continue to flourish in most districts; mutinies of the troops have been less frequent in spite of the fact that the provincial authorities frequently enrol brigands in the army, even when they have been caught with arms in their hands. The only serious outbreak occurred at Kalgan and ...\n\n251\n\n1",
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        "id": 462022,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 655,
        "title": "CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "derstood until personally experienced. I had such an experience, and I know now the psychology of the man who has been spurned away from the gates of Canada or South Africa, as a political heretic. It was about two years ago, when I left Japan with my wife for the United States. The Japanese steamer bound for Seattle, an American port, touched en route the Canadian port of Victoria, B.C.\n\nAfter the long and rough voyage across the Pacific, came the gladdening chance of going on land. My wife had been very sick on sea. As soon as the steamer came into port, all passengers went ashore, but we were detained. I was an East Indian, they could not permit me \"to set foot on Canadian soil.\" The captain of the steamer wrote out for us a special permit. It was not sufficient. The next in command to the captain went to plead for us personally. He said we were first-class passengers; the captain and his staff would hold themselves personally responsible for behaviour when on land, etc. The Immigration Officer curtly said 'No Hindu (East Indian) can step out on the soil of British Columbia.'\n\nMy cabin boy (the attending servant) had also gone to spend a few hours on land after that sickening voyage of fourteen days and nights.\n\nWe were left alone to brood over our dismay. No, we were not alone. They had appointed a negro over us. My wife took it very badly. Believe me, they kept a close watch. Some of my countrymen had come to see us; they were refused permission to come aboard our ship. Our fit of blues was nearly dispelled by an event which happened in the evening. Next to our cabin was a Filipino. He had, of course, permission to go about as he pleased. My negro guard mistook him in the dubious glow of the twilight for me. The victim protested that he was a pure-blooded Filipino, a citizen of the United States. But my guard would not let go his hold on him. He was quite sure it was a ruse I had put up. Finally, I had called out from inside the cabin that the Filipino was a Filipino and not a Hindustanee. He was the one person who thanked us that night.\n\nThe moral of the story is this: All welcome to Canada - Japanese, Chinese, Negroes, Filipinos - all, but not the people of India.\n\n*A British subject domiciled in Canada for three years is recognized as a Canadian citizen. (See `Immigration Act`.)\n\n## CANADA INDIA COMMITTEE\n\nThe objects are:\n| Object | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) | To promote a wider appreciation of Canada's relation to India. |\n| (b) | To secure its equitable adjustment. |\n\nThe first is of a general educational character, designed to remove certain prejudices on the part of the citizens of both India and Canada. The second will remove certain injustices imposed on the people of India resident in Canada.\n\n### Principles\n\nThe Committee's motives are based on the fundamental Rights of Man and the principles of Christianity professed by all the Western peoples, without regard to political, sectarian or personal aims.\n\nThe Committee:\n1. Accepts, as involving a high moral obligation, the great pledge given the people of India by Queen Victoria, which is: \"We hold ourselves bound to the natives of our Indian territories by the same obligatives of duty which bind us to all our other subjects.\"\n2. Declares, in consequence, the need of laws, which will prevent discrimination against East Indians, whilst maintaining the established economic policy of Canada.\n3. Invites the aid of all persons actuated by the above motives.\n\nBy becoming an associate of the Canada India Committee, you can assist in its efforts to give publicity to this important question. Apply to the Secretary for further information as to membership, etc. Address Dr. L. A. Davis, 68 Tranby Avenue, Toronto, Canada.\n\nHe sees indeed who sees in all alike the Living, Supreme Lord; the Soul Supreme, Imperishable amid the Perishing. - Bhagavad-Gîtâ.\n\n10\n11",
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    {
        "id": 462431,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-434 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 220,
        "title": "CO129-434 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n## PRESENT: 13TH JULY, 1916\n\n**HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR** Sir FRANCIS HENRY MAY, K.C.M.G.  \n**HIS EXCELLENCY MAJOR-GENERAL F. VENTRI** (General Officer Commanding Troops in China).  \n**HON. MR. AUD SEVERN** (Colonial Secretary).  \n**HON. MR. J. H. KEMP** (Attorney-General).  \n**HON. MR. E. D. WOLFE** (Colonial Treasurer).  \n**HON. MR. E. R. HANIFAX** (Secretary for Chinese Affairs).  \n**HON. MR. W. CHATAM** (Director of Public Works).  \n**HON. MR. C. McI. MESSER** (Captain Superintendent of Police).  \n**HON. MR. WEI YUK, C.M.G.**  \n**HON. MR. H. E. POLLOCK, K.C.**  \n**HON. MR. E. SHELLIM.**  \n**HON. MR. D. LANDALE.**  \n**HON. MR. LAU CHU PAK.**  \n**HON. MR. P. H. HOLYOAK.**  \n**MR. A. G. M. FLETCHER** (Clerk of Councils).\n\n## Minutes\n\nThe minutes of the last meeting were confirmed.\n\n## Papers\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY**, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table the annual report of the Superintendent of Imports and Exports, for the year 1915.\n\n## Financial Minutes\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY**, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table financial minutes Nos. 16 and 17, and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee.  \n**THE COLONIAL TREASURER** seconded, and this was agreed to.\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY**, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table report of proceedings of Finance Committee, No. 4, and moved that it be adopted.  \n**THE COLONIAL TREASURER** seconded, and this was agreed to.\n\n## Questions\n\n**HON. MR. POLLOCK** asked the following questions:--\n\n(1.) With reference to the statement made in answer to my questions concerning the Government Nursing Staff, at the last meeting of the Legislative Council, to the following effect: \"In a further telegram, dated the 8th January, Mr. Bonar Law stated that the Colonial Nursing Association were unable to say when they would be in a position to recommend candidates,\" is it not the fact that (1.) The Colonial Nursing Association have recently sent out a Matron and a Sister to the Staff of the Peak Hospital in this Colony (a privately-owned Institution), and is it not the fact that (2.) The owners of that Hospital have recently heard from the said Association that another Sister would be willing to come out to Hongkong to join that Hospital, if required? (3.) Is it not also the fact that between May, 1915, and April, 1916, nurses have been sent out by the Colonial Nursing Association, as follows: -  \n| Location                  | Number of Nurses |\n|--------------------------|------------------|\n| British East Africa      | 3                |\n| British Guiana           | 1                |\n| Ceylon                   | 4                |\n| The Federated Malay States | 1               |\n| Gambia                   | 1                |\n| Gibraltar                | 9                |\n| The Gold Coast           | 1                |\n| Nigeria                  | 7                |\n| Nyassaland               | 1                |\n| Sierra Leone             | 2                |\n| The Straits Settlements  | 2                |\n| To Nursing Associations in Canada | 1          |\n| Ceylon                   | 1                |\n| The Federated Malay States | ...             |\n| Mauritius                | 1                |\n| South Africa             | 1                |\n| The Straits Settlements  | 2                |\n| Western Australia        | ...              |",
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    {
        "id": 463489,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]",
        "page_number": 581,
        "title": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n## 13TH JULY, 1916\n\n### PRESENT:--\n**HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR SIR FRANCIS HENRY MAY, K.C.M.G.**\n**HIS EXCELLENCY MAJOR-GENERAL F. VENTRIS** (General Officer Commanding Troops in China).\n\n* Hon. MR. CLAUD SEVERN (Colonial Secretary).\n* Hon. MR. J. H. KEMP (Attorney-General).\n* Hon. MR. E. D. C. WOLFE (Colonial Treasurer).\n* Hon. MR. E. R. HALLIFAX (Secretary for Chinese Affairs).\n* Hon. MR. W. CHATHAM, C. M. G. (Director of Public Works).\n* Hon. MR. C. McI. MESSER (Captain Superintendent of Police).\n* Hon. MR. WEI YUK, C.M.G.\n* Hon. MR. H. E. POLLOCK, K.C.\n* Hon. MR. E. SHELLIM.\n* Hon. MR. D. LANDALE.\n* Hon. MR. LAU CHU PAK.\n* Hon. MR. P. H. HOLYOAK.\n* MR. A. G. M. FLETCHER (Clerk of Councils).\n\nThe minutes of the last meeting were confirmed.\n\n### Papers\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table the annual report of the Superintendent of Imports and Exports, for the year 1915.\n\n### Financial Minutes\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table financial minutes Nos. 16 and 17, and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee. THE COLONIAL TREASURER seconded, and this was agreed to.\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table report of proceedings of Finance Committee, No. 4, and moved that it be adopted. THE COLONIAL TREASURER seconded, and this was agreed to.\n\n### Questions\nHON. MR. POLLOCK asked the following questions: \n1. With reference to the statement made in answer to my questions concerning the Government Nursing Staff, at the last meeting of the Legislative Council, to the following effect: \"In a further telegram, dated the 8th January, Mr. Bonar Law stated that the Colonial Nursing Association were unable to say when they would be in a position to recommend candidates,\" is it not the fact that \n   1. The Colonial Nursing Association have recently sent out a Matron and a Sister to the Staff of the Peak Hospital in this Colony (a privately-owned Institution), and is it not the fact that \n   2. The owners of that Hospital have recently heard from the said Association that another Sister would be willing to come out to Hongkong to join that Hospital, if required? \n   3. Is it not also the fact that between May, 1915, and April, 1916, nurses have been sent out by the Colonial Nursing Association, as follows:-\n      | Destination                          | Number of Nurses |\n      | ------------------------------------ | ---------------- |\n      | Government Hospitals in             |                  |\n      | British East Africa                 | 3                |\n      | British Guiana                      | 1                |\n      | Ceylon                              | 4                |\n      | The Federated Malay States          | 1                |\n      | Gambia                              | 1                |\n      | Gibraltar                           | 2                |\n      | The Gold Coast                      | 1                |\n      | Nigeria                             | 7                |\n      | Nyassaland                          | 1                |\n      | Sierra Leone                        | 2                |\n      | The Straits Settlements             | 2                |\n      | Nursing Associations in             |                  |\n      | Canada                              | 1                |\n      | Ceylon                              | 1                |\n      | The Federated Malay States          | 2                |\n      | Mauritius                           | 1                |\n      | South Africa                        | 1                |\n      | The Straits Settlements             | 2                |\n      | Western Australia                  | ...              |",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-438 - Public Offices - 1916",
        "page_number": 79,
        "title": "CO129-438 - Public Offices - 1916",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE \n## 13TH JULY, 1976 (Page 25)\n\n### PREBENT:\n**HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR SIR FRANCIS HENRY MAY, K.C.MG.**\n\nThe minutes of the last meeting were confirmed.\n\n### Papers\n\nThe Colonial Secretary, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table the report of proceedings of Finance Committee, No. 4, and moved that it be adopted. The Colonial Treasurer seconded, and this was agreed to.\n\nThe Colonial Secretary, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table the annual report of the Superintendent of Imports and Exports, for the year 1915.\n\n### Financial Minutes\n\nThe Colonial Secretary, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table financial minutes Nos. 16 and 17, and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee.\n\n### Questions\n\nHon. Mr. Pollock asked the following questions:\n\n1. With reference to the statement made in answer to my questions concerning the Government Nursing Staff, at the last meeting of the Legislative Council, to the following effect: \"In a further telegram, dated the 8th January, Mr. Bonar Law stated that the Colonial Nursing Association were unable to say when they would be in a position to recommend candidates,\" is it not the fact that \n   (1) The Colonial Nursing Association have recently sent out a Matron and a Sister to the Staff of the Peak Hospital in this Colony (a privately-owned Institution), \n   (2) The owners of that Hospital have recently heard from the said Association that another Sister would be willing to come out to Hongkong to join that Hospital, if required \n   (3) Is it not also the fact that between May, 1915, and April, 1916, nurses have been sent out by the Colonial Nursing Association, as follows:\n   | Destination | Number of Nurses |\n   | --- | --- |\n   | Government Hospitals in British East Africa | 3 |\n   | British Guiana | 1 |\n   | Ceylon | 4 |\n   | The Federated Malay States | 1 |\n   | Gambia | 1 |\n   | Gibraltar | 2 |\n   | The Gold Coast | 1 |\n   | Nigeria | 7 |\n   | Nyassaland | 1 |\n   | Sierra Leone | ... |\n   | The Straits Settlements | ... |\n   | Nursing Associations in Canada | 1 |\n   | Ceylon | 1 |\n   | The Federated Malay States | 9 |\n   | Mauritius | 1 |\n   | South Africa | 1 |\n   | The Straits Settlements | 2 |\n   | Western Australia | ... |\n\nMembers present:\n- His Excellency Major-General F. Ventris (General Officer Commanding Troops in China)\n- Hon. Mr. Claud Severn (Colonial Secretary)\n- Hon. Mr. E. D. C. Wolfe (Colonial Treasurer)\n- Hon. Mr. E. R. Hallifax (Secretary for Chinese Affairs)\n- Hon. Mr. W. Chatham, M.I.C.E. (Director of Public Works)\n- Hon. Mr. Pollock\n- Hon. Mr. C. McI. Messer (Captain Superintendent of Police)\n- Hon. Mr. Wei Yuk, C.M.G.\n- Hon. Mr. E. Shellim\n- Hon. Mr. D. Landale\n- Hon. Mr. Lau Chu Pak\n- Hon. Mr. P. H. Holyoak\n- Mr. A. G. M. Fletcher (Clerk of Councils)",
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        "id": 469711,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917",
        "page_number": 585,
        "title": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917",
        "content_text": "114\n\nNo. 10 of 1899.\n\nTable M.\n\nLanding outside bar.\n\nbour limits.\n\nLimits of Quarantine Anchorage.\n\nLimits of Dangerous Goods Anchorage.\n\nNorthern Anchorage.\n\nSouthern Anchorage.\n\nEastern Auchorage.\n\nMERCHANT SHIPPING.\n\n158. No foreign soldiers or sailors shall be landed in the Colony outside the harbour limits from any vessel without the permission of the Governor, for which application must be made by the senior officer in command of the foreign ships or troops concerned.\n\n16.\n\nIII. QUARANTINE ANCHORAGE.\n\nWestern Boundary.-A line drawn from the western extreme of Stonecutters Island to the western extreme of Green Island.\n\n\"Southern Boundary.\" The naval shears at Kowloon bearing east by south commencing where it meets the Western Boundary and terminating where it meets the Eastern Boundary.\n\n\"Eastern Boundary.\"-A north and south line drawn from the southernmost point of Stonecutters Island until it reaches the Southern Boundary.\n\nIV. DANGEROUS GOODS ANCHORAGES.\n\n17. The Dangerous Goods Anchorages shall mean the portions of the harbour within the following limits:-\n\nThe Northern Anchorage.\n\nNorthern Boundary. \"-A line drawn from the southern side of Torpedo Depôt platform touching and extending to the eastward of Lai Chi Kok Point.\n\n\"Southern Boundary.\"-A west line drawn from Hankow Rock Buoy.\n\n\"Eastern Boundary.\"-A north line drawn from the outlying rock on the north eastern side of Stonecutters Island intersecting with the Northern and Southern Boundaries.\n\nWestern Boundary.\"-A north line drawn from the northernmost point of Stonecutters Island intersecting with the Northern and Southern Boundaries.\n\nThe Southern Anchorage.\n\nSouth of a line joining the points of Belcher's Bay.\n\nThe Eastern Anchorage.\n\n\"Northern Boundary \"-A continuation of the Northern Boundary of the Victoria Man of War Anchorage.\n\n\"Eastern Boundary \".-Western edge of the Telegraph Cable Ground.\n\n\"Western Boundary \"-Eastward of a north and south line drawn through Kellet's Island.\n\nMERCHANT SHIPPING.\n\nNo. 10 of 1899.\n\nTable M.\n\n115\n\nThe Western Anchorage. Northern Boundary \"The Southern limit of the Quarantine Western Anchorage, viz. :-The naval shears at Kowloon bearing E. by S. Anchorage.\n\nSouthern Boundary \".-The naval shears at Kowloon bearing east.\n\n\"Eastern Boundary \"The southernmost point of Stonecutters Island bearing north.\n\n\"Western Boundary \".-A line drawn from the west extreme of Stonecutters Island to the west extreme of Green Island.\n\nV. TELEGRAPH CABLE GROUNDS.\n\nThe Western limit by two white posts on the Hongkong shore in line between with one white post and the chimney with white face of the pumping station at No. 1 Dock on the Kowloon shore.\n\n18. The cable ground between the north point of Hongkong and the south-east point of Kowloon Peninsula is marked as follows:-\n\nThe Eastern limit by a white post and white obelisk on the Hongkong shore in line with a white post and white obelisk on the Kowloon shore.\n\nBy day the five white posts may be distinguished by their carrying a red diamond shape. By night two of them on each shore display a red light.\n\nThe lights are so screened that the easternmost lights do not show to the eastward nor the westernmost lights to the westward.\n\n19. The line of telegraph cable between Taikoktsui and the eastern shore of Stonecutters Island is marked as follows:-\n\nby a white post carrying a red diamond shape at each end on the shore of Stonecutters Island.\n\n20. No ship, junk or vessel of any description shall anchor either within the limits of the said cable ground or within 50 yards on either side of the said line of telegraph cable.\n\n20. Fishing is prohibited within the Telegraph Cable Reserve.\n\nVI. STEAM-WHISTLES.\n\n21. No steamship shall use her steam-whistle except for the purposes of navigation as laid down in Articles 15, 28 and 31 of the International Collision Regulations, and except for the purpose of giving necessary notice of her approach towards any other vessel, when one prolonged blast of from 4 to 6 seconds duration shall be sounded.\n\n22. Any infringement of regulation 21 will subject the master or owner of the offending ship to a penalty not exceeding 100 dollars.\n\nPage 115\n\n \n(The rest of the text is not proofread as it is not provided)\n\n \n\nPage 116\n\n \n(The rest of the text is not proofread as it is not provided)\n\n \n\n...",
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    {
        "id": 477426,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-450 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 111,
        "title": "CO129-450 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nThe recommendations made by Lieutenant Olitsky have, of course, been carefully considered. Steps have been taken to prepare the serum for the treatment of epidemic meningitis and in the quantity suggested. As regards the treatment of the patient, it will require careful and continuous persuasion to get the serum used; and in the event of an epidemic, every effort will be made to provide the patient with methods of Western treatment, including the use of serum. The prevention of pharyngeal infections and influenza can only be effectively achieved by keeping the individual in the best possible state of health, by segregating the sick from the healthy and (what is more difficult, in fact, at present practically impossible) by avoiding overcrowding. The employment of masks could only be resorted to in special circumstances, as in hospitals, for example. Prophylactic vaccination as a method of prevention is still in the stage of enquiry.\n\nDuring the epidemic this year, a leaflet was drawn up and translated into Chinese dealing with certain efficacious measures capable of being easily carried into effect, but it was not distributed. Should there unhappily be a return of the disease in epidemic form, this method of propaganda, in conjunction with oral advice, would probably be the most effective way of educating the population. There I will leave the report for the present, and I feel sure that honourable members will wish to record their sense of the obligation this Colony is under to the Rockefeller Institute for the valuable assistance rendered by it in this matter.\n\n## Finance\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY**, by command of H.E. the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table Finance Minutes Nos. 79 to '82 and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee.\n\n**THE COLONIAL TREASURER** seconded, and this was agreed to.\n\n## Government's Discussions with Unofficial Members\n\nH.E. THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT—It will be convenient, I think, to make a short statement at this meeting of the Legislative Council regarding certain matters that have been the subject of discussion between the Government and honourable unofficial members during this year.\n\nIn January last, information was requested regarding the organisation and pay of the Police Force, the Fire Brigade, and the Preventive Staff of the Department of Imports and Exports, and at a later date, honourable unofficial members submitted to the Government a list of recommendations which was discussed at a meeting held on the 23rd of May.\n\nThe question of the rates of pay in the Police Force has been settled temporarily by the grant of a ten per cent. allowance, while the question of the rate at which pensions should be granted is still under consideration, and, I hope, will shortly be decided.\n\nThe next matter was the organisation of the Fire Brigade, both as regards personnel and equipment. The efficiency of the volunteer portion of the brigade has been increased by relieving the men of certain other duties, which they had been performing. Additions have been made to the equipment, including two powerful motor pumping engines that have been ordered from America. It has for a long time been recognised that the present site of the Fire Station in Victoria is too cramped and that a station is required at Kowloon. A suitable site in Victoria is already in the possession of the Government, and it is probable that a good site can be found on Crown Land in Kowloon.\n\nAfter the murder of Sergeant Glendinning at Tai O, honourable unofficial members endorsed the recommendations made by the jury at the Coroner's enquiry, and asked certain questions as to the patrolling of the waters of the Colony and the visits of inspection made to out-stations. The Government replied as follows:\n\n| Question | Response |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) The practice of having two European Officers at Tai O | The practice was interrupted owing to the war. It was proposed to resume it at once. It was not considered that the Cheung Chau Station or any of the Police Stations on the mainland were so isolated as to require the presence of two European police constantly stationed there. Circumstances had arisen, and might again arise, rendering the presence of two or more European police at a station necessary. |\n| (b) Enquiry into telephonic material | Enquiry was being made as to the possibility of obtaining the necessary telephonic material. It has since been ascertained that the material can be got from Japan, and the work of linking up the island stations with the mainland is now in hand. |\n| (c) Provision of steam or motor pinnace | It was not considered necessary to provide at any of the four island stations a steam or motor pinnace, as the expense would be out of all proportion to the usefulness of the craft. Four police launches were employed in the patrol of the waters of the Colony beyond the limits of the harbour. The island stations were visited by patrol launches some fifteen or sixteen times a month. Details of visits of inspection by Police Officers were supplied. |\n\nHonourable unofficial members, in reply, recorded their unanimous opinion that Cheung Chau was of sufficient importance to render it advisable that a second European Police Officer should be stationed there. The Government has not found itself in a position to give effect to their wishes.\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY**, by command of H.E. the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table report of proceedings of the Finance Committee, No. 7, and moved that it be adopted.\n\n**THE COLONIAL TREASURER** seconded, and this was agreed to.\n\n## Opium Ordinance, 1918\n\n**THE ATTORNEY GENERAL** moved the second reading of the Bill intituled, \"An Ordinance to amend the Opium Ordinance, 1914, and the Opium Ordinance, 1917.\"\n\nIn doing so, he said—The Bill proposes to make certain amendments in the two existing Ordinances, some of which are formal while others are of a more substantial character. In Sections 46 and 49 of the Opium Ordinance, 1914, in dealing with tonnage of steam ships, rather ambiguous expressions are used. In one section, the term used is \"tons burden.\" In the other section, the word used is simply \"tons.\" Clauses 2 and 3 of the present Bill propose to make it quite clear that in these two sections, the tonnage referred to is what is known as \"the register tonnage.\" Clause 4 of the Bill corrects a slight drafting error in the Opium Ordinance, 1914. Clause 5 of the Bill deals with the Opium Ordinance, 1917. That Ordinance made it an offence to be in possession of labels, wrappers, or marks resembling the labels, wrappers, or marks used on the opium sold by the Government. The clause was drawn too widely because it included cases of possession of marks resembling Government marks but not resembling Government marks with any fraudulent intention. Clause 5 of the Bill, therefore, proposes to amend that provision so that the resemblance aimed at will be resemblance amounting to colourable imitation. Clause 6 of the Bill stops another gap in the defences against fraud in connection with the Opium Ordinance. It provides that every person in possession of labels and wrappers which were at one time attached to Government prepared, or dross opium and which have been detached from Government receptacles be guilty of an offence. The object of detaching such labels and wrappers is, of course, to use them again in a fraudulent way by attaching them to receptacles containing non-Government opium. Clause 7 provides that in the case of any person found possessing any box or package containing opium, the onus shall be thrown on him of proving that he did not know that such box or package contained opium.\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY** seconded, and the Bill was read a second time.\n\n**THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL** then moved that Council go into Committee to consider the Bill clause by clause.\n\nThe Bill passed through Committee without amendment, and, upon Council resuming, the Attorney-General moved the third reading of the Bill.\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY** seconded, and the Bill was then read a third time, and passed.\n\nIn July, Mr. Lau Chu-pak requested that provision might be made for the application of the Grant Code system to the vernacular schools subsidised and managed by the Confucian Society, as the schools were supplying a distinct want. Arrangements have accordingly been made for the giving of a grant to the 18 Confucian Schools and to the 11 Tung Wah Schools. I should like to take this opportunity of thanking those Chinese gentlemen who have so generously contributed to the support of these schools.\n\nA number of other questions have also been under discussion in the course of the year between the Government and the unofficial members, as for instance, the housing scheme for Civil Servants and the choice of a site for the European Young Men's Christian Association Building.",
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    {
        "id": 477679,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-450 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 364,
        "title": "CO129-450 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "## NA-CONFIDENTIAL.\n\nSir,\n\nREG 4 FCB 19\n\n**GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG.** 16th December, 1918.\n\nREC?\n\nWith reference to my Despatch No.323 of the 20th November, I have the honour to inform you that the portions of Lieutenant Olitsky's report relating to the over-crowding in the City of Victoria and its effect on the public health make it imperative in my opinion that the matter should be taken in hand as soon as possible with a view to discovering an efficient remedy. The subject is, however, of such importance that I would not ordinarily have dealt with it in the absence of the Governor. Sir Henry May's return to the Colony has now been delayed for reasons with which you are acquainted, and I have, therefore, decided that the best course will be to place my views before you so that when Sir Henry May returns he may be able to deal with the matter by telegraph if necessary.\n\n2.\n\nSince the last Census in 1911 a considerable amount of building has taken place in the City especially on the levels below the three hundred feet contour, but no matter how many houses and flats are built they are immediately occupied by Chinese families and command high rents. During the past seven years 590 houses, containing about 1,750 flats have been erected in the Western portion of the City alone, excluding Kennedy Town, and every possible site is eagerly sought for. The consequence has been that \n\nThe Right Honourable  \nWALTER LONG, M.P.,  \n&c.,  \n&c.  \n\n... (text cut off)",
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    {
        "id": 478485,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-451 - Public Offices - 1918",
        "page_number": 722,
        "title": "CO129-451 - Public Offices - 1918",
        "content_text": "# K/694\n\nSir,\n\nIn continuation 2nd August, 1917, I have the honour to forward the Diary of Events in the South-western Provinces for the period from the 15th July to 31st December, 1917.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n(Signed)\nYour obedient servant,\nF. Ventris\nMajor-General, Commanding the China Command.\n\nThe Director of Military Intelligence,\nWar Office, London, S.W.\n\nCopy to C.G.S., India.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-451 - Public Offices - 1918.txt",
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    {
        "id": 481750,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "page_number": 482,
        "title": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "content_text": "2\n\nSzechuan or move against the Thibetans according to the development of events. This officer is therefore not only guilty of deliberately attempting to stir up trouble between Great Britain and China over Thibet to forward his private political ends (see my previous despatches), but is likewise guilty of deliberately infringing the Anglo-Chinese Opium Treaty of 1911 for his own enrichment,\n\nI have had considerable experience of opium suppression in the distant interior of China, and I well know that the responsibility for any recrudescence of cultivation in formerly clean regions lies at the door of the local officials (who can maintain the suppression with the greatest ease if they desire to do so) acting under the orders of the Governor of their province, or the military chief controlling their area; exception being made in the case of semi-independent tribal country and of regions controlled by brigands or rebels. Luting, however, is a peaceful and purely Chinese district, as easily governed as the Chengtu Plain or the country round Peking, and is actually under the control, not of the southern \"rebel,\" but of a Peking-appointed official.\n\nConsular officers may perambulate provinces and certify them as clean; but such certification provides no guarantee whatsoever that cultivation will not be vigorously resumed in the following season if the local authorities desire to raise money from this unique revenue-producing source (as is the case in the present instance). It is always the officials and not the people who should be punished; but, unfortunately, the reverse is usually the case.\n\nI am fully aware of the wonderful progress that has been made in China as a whole, especially in the eastern provinces, in regard to opium suppression (in spite of the widespread recrudescence reported in disturbed and brigand-infested regions), and of the relatively small importance, to the whole question, of remote parts in Western Szechuan being under poppy cultivation; unmistakable evidence of the real progress made in suppression being everywhere provided by the high price of the native drug compared to ten years ago (though this high price is, of course, partly due to the heavy taxation imposed). But I am impelled to report this instance of open recrudescence under official auspices and encouragement, in order that you, sir, and perhaps the Chinese Government, may be informed of the nature of the official to whom Thibetan affairs continue to be entrusted.\n\nPerhaps the Chinese Government are under the impression that they cannot remove General Ch'en Hsia-ling from his post owing to Szechuan being independent. Such, however, is not the case. It is only the moral support afforded by his having the mandate of Peking to act as Frontier Commissioner that enables him to maintain his present position. Were that support withdrawn by an open mandate cashiering him, he would disappear from the scene almost at once.\n\nI have not mentioned the matter of this poppy cultivation to General Ch'en Hsia-ling, since I did not like to do so without your instructions, and also because I did not consider it desirable to do anything to impair the outwardly friendly relations which I have maintained with him in the interests of the peace of the frontier at the time of my departure.\n\nThe Chien-chang valley (the narrow strip of Chinese-inhabited territory running south towards Yunnan between Lolo and tribal country) is said to be also full of opium, definite information in regard to which has probably been supplied by Mr. Eastes. That region, which was until last summer also controlled by General Ch'en Hsia-ling, appears now to be a sort of no-man's-land, the possession of which is in dispute between the latter, the Szechuanese, and the Yünnanese.\n\nSzechuan was, I believe, passed as clean without an official inspection at the time the 1911 agreement was made. There was a limited amount of recrudescence after the revolution and during the subsequent troubles, and the poppy has always continued to flourish in the remote and semi-independent tribal country behind Kuan Hsien. But I have never heard of anything like the open and legalized cultivation now being carried on in Luting district and neighbourhood.\n\nCopy of this despatch has not been forwarded to the Foreign Department of the Government of India, as it is not directly concerned with Thibetan affairs.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nERIC TEICHMAN.\n\n8\n\nEnclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nMemorandum.\n\nNOT carrying with me any paraphernalia for official correspondence on my journey hither from the Burmah frontier, I incorporated in a letter despatched en route to His Majesty's Minister at Peking my observations on the vast quantities of opium being grown, not only in the Chien-ch'ang valley, but also throughout the whole region traversed by me during twelve and a-half days' travel in south-western Szechuan.\n\nDuring the whole length of my journey across the western circuit of Yunnan, from the extreme south-west to the extreme north-east, I saw only five fields of opium poppy, and these were passed on the last half-day's journey in Yunnan, within 10 miles of the Szechuan boundary.\n\nOnce, however, I had crossed the River Yang-tsze and entered Szechuan, matters were entirely different, and poppy fields abounded on all sides, without the smallest attempt at concealment,\n\nFor the first two and a-half days to Hui-li the country was in the hands of Yunnan troops, and the percentage of opium crops was not very great; from Hui-li onwards for the next ten stages poppy fields were passed everywhere, in enormous quantities, and the percentage of these pernicious crops rose certainly to 50 per cent.\n\nThe valley of the Anuing River, which is the Chien-ch'ang (formerly Ning-yuan Fu) valley proper, is reached shortly before the end of the second stage northwards from Hui-li; three stages more, through absolutely countless poppy crops, brought me to the very large walled city of Chien-ch'ang (formerly Ning-yuan Fu), the headquarters of the Chien-ch'ang Taoyin, which lies just out of the Anning River valley, on its east side, in a broad plain which when I traversed it on the 17th March was a brilliant mass of poppy crops. During these three stages I travelled in company with a recently retired district magistrate of Hui-li, and in the course of conversation with him I commented freely on this flagrant breach of the Opium Agreement with Great Britain. His defence for his own scandalous inactivity in the matter, that he had no troops to carry out the work of suppression, was wholly specious, for throughout our journey in company we constantly passed large numbers of ill-disciplined local militiamen, whose sole occupation seemed to be loafing and gambling outside the gates of the many walled towns in which they were quartered; while day after day my efforts to find a temple to spend the night were frustrated because the temples—which abound all over Szechuan—were already occupied by these ruffians. Throughout the whole course of my journey in Szechuan I saw not a single proclamation against the cultivation of opium poppy bearing a date later than 1917.\n\nI agree entirely with Mr. Teichman's comment that it is always the officials and not the people who should be punished; my ex-magistrate travelling companion should undoubtedly have received a very severe sentence for his criminal, and doubtless highly lucrative, apathy. I was told by friendly natives encountered on my travels that each field of the illicit crop was worth 6 dollars to the authorities conniving at its existence.\n\nTwo stages above Chien-ch'ang the road quits the Anning River valley and becomes more mountainous as far as I could judge; the fact that opium cultivation for the next few stages is distinctly less universal is due solely to the less congenial character of the soil. But not until my sixteenth day's journey in Szechuan, four days north of the large district town of Yih-hsi, did I cease to see poppy crops altogether, and I attribute that cessation solely to the fact that the idle militia gave place, in the neighbourhood of the large towns of Ta-shu-p'u and Fu-lin, and thence onwards to Chengtu, to regular troops, under the command presumably of officers owning more than a nominal allegiance to the present military governor, Hsiung K'o-wu.\n\nMr. Teichman refers to the continued flourishing of poppy cultivation in the remote and semi-independent tribal country behind Kuan-hsien (about 40 miles north-west of Chengtu); this state of affairs is corroborated by local missionaries, who tell me, moreover, that opium growing on a small scale has begun again in several other hilly or mountainous areas on the fringe of the great Chengtu Plain,\n\nOn the 25th April a small paragraph in the local native press announced that General Tan Mou-hsin, the commander of the 1st division of Szechuan regulars, one of...\n\n472",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919.txt",
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    {
        "id": 485008,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-463 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 386,
        "title": "CO129-463 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "373\n\nwhere elementary vernacular education is given either free or at a nominal charge to some 1900 children. Of these it must be admitted that two only, with 125 pupils in all, are schools for girls: but schooling for girls was hardly thought of before the Revolution of 1911, and the over-swing of the pendulum, shown in the growth of private schools (of which there are many) is watched with some suspicion by responsible Chinese. In nine years they have lost a great part of their centuries-old control of their own women kind, and fear to assist too much in the movement for the emancipation and independence of the new generation, to which they attribute at least some of the evils which now surround the problem. They have begun quietly, with an education not too strong for the mental digestion of the pupils: and will, I am confident, continue the movement with a view to restoring the lost equilibrium. I shall lose no opportunity of satisfying myself that the responsible community does not lose sight of this matter.\n\nFurther, in addition to the regular hospitals it maintains 8 out-patient dispensaries under Chinese doctors trained in Western methods, which are primarily intended for the treatment of children: it maintains maternity wards in three separate parts of the City, and is now about to erect a new modern maternity hospital of 50 beds in the most congested district of West Point, which it is hoped to develop ultimately into a training school for midwives. These efforts promise well as a good foundation for gradual reform in the treatment of children: while the Po Leung Kuk and the Tung Wa Hospital do all that at present can be expected in watching the interests of girls and women as well. All these institutions are alive and command active support from all the community: they are spontaneous growths, and for the present I have no suggestion to make for their improvement. Enough Government supervision is...",
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    },
    {
        "id": 489256,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 404,
        "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "# Ningpo\n\n201\n\nThe most noteworthy event of the quarter was the unexpected resignation of the Civil Governor of the province, Ch'i Yao-shen, in the middle of June, following impeachment in the Provincial Assembly. A difference of opinion between Ch'i and the Military Governor, Lu Yung-hsiang, as to the appointment of the provincial treasurer seems to have been the direct cause of the former's resignation, which has resulted in a number of officials following suit. Meanwhile, a party has come forward to urge Peking to appoint Lu Yung-hsiang concurrently Civil Governor; in view of Lu's already powerful position, however, it is hardly likely that the Central Government will give him the two posts.\n\nThanks to the activities of the Students' Association, the Japanese boycott is still enforced, and occasional raids are made on shops suspected of selling Japanese goods.\n\nIt is hoped to continue the construction of the Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railway. Two engineering difficulties have to be overcome, namely, the bridging of the Chien Tang and the Tsao Ngo rivers. As regards the former, a ferry service will be instituted to connect the two lines, while the bridging of the Tsao Ngo is held up for lack of material, of which the large quantities stored for the purpose at Tsingtao were used during the war.\n\n## Chunkiang\n\nOn four occasions during the quarter, public warnings were issued against the activities of \"extremists,\" who, to quote a police circular, had been secretly hatching plots to subvert the Government. That pamphlets of extremist origin were circulated amongst the students of the district there can be no doubt; but as the cause of the unrest seems to be rather a sense of the instability of the Central Government than the hostility of labour to the ruling classes, it is difficult to believe that the movement is more than an effort, failing an appeal to the electorate, to turn the Government out of office.\n\nThe anniversary of Japan's twenty-one demands (9th May) was commemorated by the boys and girls of the various schools, who paraded the city, carrying flags with patriotic and in some cases aggressive inscriptions, as for instance, \"dwarf devils!\" and \"Servile traitors are below the level of horses and dogs.\" Pamphlets describing the unprepared condition of the country in the face of Japanese aggression were distributed in the streets.\n\nAs a result of the appointment of Hsiung Kai-hsien as head of police, the force has been reorganised and considerably reduced. The old uniforms were withdrawn and new ones issued, and 120 men were dismissed from the service as physically unfit. Furthermore, the pay of all ranks has been increased as from the 1st May last, the expenses being met by a loan of 4,000 dollars from the Bank of Communications.\n\nSemi-military organisations such as boy scouts are developing in the Chinese schools, where physical drill and gymnastics receive official encouragement. One school possesses a corps of eighty boys from 8 to 17 years of age, whose drill and general appearance are creditable.\n\n## Tengyueh\n\nIn the preceding summary, a brief account was given of the unrest on the Burma frontier, which culminated at the beginning of March in the attack on a detachment of British military police in the northern Shan States. Since that outbreak, there has been no further attack reported, and all is now quiet on the frontier. Only one of the ringleaders, however, was taken, namely, Tsai Hsueh-Ch'ang, whose capture, it is noted, took place on the Burma side of the frontier.\n\nOn the Chinese side, there is no system of military police, and there will be none until the frontier posts are manned by adequate garrisons in accordance with the Manai Agreement. This is a reform which the Yunnan Government might be expected to undertake.\n\nOn the 10th June, a proclamation was posted outside the south gate of Tengyueh announcing the abolition of the Tuchunship and the assumption by the self-deposed Tuchun, Tang Chi-yao, of the supreme command over all troops in his province. The proclamation summarises in brief the story of misgovernment since the revolution of 1911. Tang is most careful to emphasise the unselfish part that he has played throughout the war of North and South, and particularly in the Peace Conference at Shanghai, which might have been brought to a successful issue, declares the Tuchun, had his aspirations been carried into effect.\n\nEverywhere there is unrest, which may at any time break out into civil war; the country must be saved at once if she is to be saved at all. In the abolition of the Tuchunship, which, in Tang Chi-yao's opinion, is the primary source of all the trouble, lies China's salvation. Yunnan sets the example and calls upon the other provinces to follow suit. Beyond a certain amount of speculation among the merchants, the posting of the proclamation produced little effect in Tengyueh.\n\nIn spite of the urgent representations made by His Majesty's Consul to the Taoyin, nothing has been done to put a stop to the cultivation of opium in this district, with the result that a record harvest has been reaped, and raw opium is now selling at 30 cents per ounce as against 1 dollar 50 cents last year and 3 dollars the year before.\n\nThe attitude of the Taoyin in this matter, as in that of the frontier trouble, appears to be most reprehensible. He is quite content to issue orders and proclamations, which are treated by local officials as so much waste paper. Though aware of the opium-dealing activities of several merchants, he is neither able nor disposed to take proceedings against them. There is little hope of the evil being checked so long as this man with his shiftings, his promises, and his assurances remains in office; meanwhile, the opium trade grows steadily on the main road between Tengyueh and the frontier.\n\n## Yunnan-fu\n\nThe South-Western Confederacy has been considerably weakened, if it has not come to an end, during the quarter. This is an immediate consequence of the activity of the Cheng Hsueh Hui, of which all the chief men of the Kwangsi Party were members. Attempts have been made to embroil Yunnan and Kwangsi, but always without success. Marshal Tang Chi-yao, Tuchun of Yunnan and leader of the South-West Confederacy, broke finally with Li Ken-yuan, one of the Yunnanese commanders, over these intrigues of the Cheng Hsueh Hui, and this split marks the beginning of a more definite policy on Tang's part.\n\nOn the 1st June, the latter promulgated his decision to abolish the Tuchunship. His proclamation (summarised in the report on Tengyueh) gives no true indication of the feelings which actuated him in this step, which was in effect the second move in a project to seize Szechuan, or, at any rate, the financial resources of that province. Marshal Tang's first move had been to secure in April his election as Commander-in-chief of the united armies of Yunnan, Szechuan, and Kweichow, with Liu Hsien-Shih as Vice-Commander-in-chief. The war with Szechuan, which broke out in May, has strengthened Tang's position still further. Although at the end of June, Tuchun Hsiung Ko-wu was fighting hard, his ultimate defeat seems certain unless he can obtain assistance, for the Yunnanese are more than a match for their luxury-loving neighbours.\n\nWhen Hsiung Tuchun has been overthrown, the Tuchunship in Szechuan will be abolished, and according to the Yunnan plan, the provincials are to be allowed to select their own Governor. Liu Hsien-shih of Kweichow abolished the Tuchunship on the 21st June. The day is perhaps not far distant when Marshal Tang Chi-yao will have brought the three provinces under his sway.\n\nSince the break-up of the Canton Military Government, General Li Lieh-Chun, Chief of Staff, has arrived in Yunnan, bringing with him twenty-seven senators and representatives.\n\nYang Tien-Fu, the brigand chief, is still at large, although in May he might have been taken had a determined effort been made, for his fortunes at that time were at a low ebb. He is now as strong as ever and commands a following of 2,000 men, all well-equipped.\n\nEarly in July, a couple of villages in the Yunnan-fu plain, some 8 miles north of the town, were attacked by robber bands. This is the first time that they have ventured so close to the capital.\n\nThere seems to have been a considerable amount of internal discord amongst the forces of the South-West Confederacy in the Shih-nan region; telegrams have appeared in the local press referring to the murders of officers. Marshal San Tien-wei was appointed in April to the post of General Officer Commanding the 1st Hupeh Army in the place of General Po Wen-wei, whose period in office is considered to have been a failure.\n\n## Chungking\n\nThroughout the quarter, interest has centred in the political and military struggle between the Szechuanese and Yunnanese factions. Yu Chi-t'ang, military commissioner... \n\nPage 402 \nPage 5",
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    {
        "id": 489329,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 477,
        "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "# \n\nAt a time when the Powers interested in China are thus joining their hands to promote the welfare of the Chinese people, by avoiding needless competition among themselves and by further strengthening their friendship and concert, it is a matter to be deeply deplored, especially by Japan who, as her neighbour, is peculiarly interested, that a complete and peaceful unification of China is not yet in sight. Last summer when the political situation of China began to give signs of farther complication, and later when things came to such a pass that the northern part of China became involved in armed conflicts, the Japanese Government, as you are well aware, besides early warning their officials and nationals in China to refrain from any and all acts or activities that might be regarded as taking part in the political strife, published a declaration on their policy of scrupulous impartiality and their attitude of strict fairness. The situation in China is now at a turning point and the awakening of the people is indeed worthy of note. That the path of China is beset with difficulties should command the deep sympathy of the people and Government of Japan, while a development worthy of her great past is a thing very eagerly hoped for by Japan which stands in such a close relationship with her. Not only for China's sake alone but for the general welfare and peace of the world, it is devoutly to be desired that China should speedily recover peace and unity.\n\n## \n\nIn reviewing the conditions of the Far East, and especially of China, I deeply regret to have to refer to the calamitous event which occurred at Hunshun last October. On the details of the event and the circumstances which constrained the Japanese Government to despatch troops both for self-defence and for the protection of the Japanese residents, a public statement was made at the time. These Japanese troops have proved equal to the task expected of them. The Chinese Government, on the other hand, actuated by a spirit of co-operation, have been transferring suitable contingents to Chientão for the purpose of clearing the locality of the outlaws and guarding against future disturbances. The Japanese Government, therefore, in pursuance of their declaration, have decided to withdraw their troops. At the same time, steps are now being taken with a view to proper settlement of this unfortunate affair. It is only their intention to provide fully in co-operation with the Chinese Government for the tranquillity of the districts affected and for the protection of the Japanese subjects.\n\n## \n\nThe Czecho-Slovak troops in Siberia, with the aid of the Japanese military authorities as well as that of the Railway Commission of the Allied and Associated Powers and its various branches, were transferred from Western Siberia to Vladivostok and by the beginning of last September were embarked to the last man from that port. When the Czechs had withdrawn from Trans-Baikalia, the Japanese Government, consistently with their repeated declarations, withdrew their troops from the region. In the districts around Vladivostok, whence a menace to the peace of Korea was still felt and where the safety of the many resident Japanese had to be provided for, and in Habarovsk which is a point of strategic importance on the way to the province of Saghalien, we had to keep sufficient forces until such time as tranquillity was restored in these regions. As soon as the situation round Habarovsk began to show a degree of stability, we withdrew our troops from that district in last September.\n\nThe political situation of Eastern Siberia underwent various vicissitudes during the course of the last half-year. There were in existence since last spring four local Governments at Vladivostok and other centres. The time gradually became ripe during last fall for the amalgamation of these local political bodies until in November last the so-called Amalgamation Assembly was held at Chita. This Assembly declared the independence of the Russian provinces east of the Selenga river, to which the name of Far Eastern Republic was given. Chita was chosen for the seat of the central Government, and the various political bodies were relegated to a position of local autonomy. It was also decided that a constitutional assembly should be held on the 25th January. As a result of this amalgamation, the Provisional Government at Vladivostok turned its authority over to the Central Government about the middle of last December.\n\nThe Government of the Far Eastern Republic claims to stand for anti-communistic democracy, and has declared itself in favour of friendly relationship with foreign countries, especially with its near neighbours. What the new Government may do in practice is for the future to reveal. The political stability of Russia in general is earnestly hoped for by Japan as her good neighbour, while as for Siberia in particular, it is the keenest desire of the Japanese Government that this troubled area should be unified on a sound basis and be restored to complete order.\n\n## \n\nThe historic good relationship between Japan and the United States needs no reiteration at this time of day. The relations between the two nations, however, have to-day greatly increased both in closeness and importance from political, economic, social, and various other points of view. It is true that this friendly relationship is not without occasional mingling of unpleasantness; that is almost inevitable in the complexity of international relations, but I am firmly of opinion that fundamentally the relationship between Japan and America is as cordial as ever, and that there are no insurmountable obstacles such as might disturb the basic factors which govern that relationship. Moreover, I am happy to notice that in recent years popular understanding between the two peoples has been greatly helped by the close and frequent contact of influential men of both countries. I desire to express my appreciation of the valuable efforts of these people which I hope will not be allowed to slacken in the future.\n\nI have to dwell here on an unfortunate event which has occurred in our relations with the United States. Last November, at the general election of the United States, the State of California passed through initiative an alien land law. The contents of the law are now generally known and may need no explanation here. In a word, the new land law is a cognate law of 1913 made more drastic and severe. That it is aimed at the Japanese and is unjust and discriminatory cannot be denied. The regret which the Japanese Government expressed at the legislation of 1913 is therefore still more keenly entertained by them at this new legislation. This question of land law, however, is not one of to-day or yesterday. It has a long history and complex and delicate bearings. It is impossible to solve the problem from the standpoint of one side alone. Principally for these reasons the difficulty arising between Japan and America from the legislation of 1913 has remained unsettled to this day. In dealing with this matter, therefore, the Japanese Government have from the outset exercised closest care. Not only, antecedent to the passage of the law, did they take proper and well-advised steps, but, recognising from a higher standpoint of Japanese-American friendship and with ample regard to the close and important relations of interest between the two nations, the urgency of a final solution of difficulties caused by such unfortunate and unpleasant events, they caused their representative to open discussion with the American authorities. Frank and free exchange of views has since been going on on various points calling for examination and debate. Although it is to be regretted that we are not yet in a position to publish the results of these discussions, it is the sincere desire of the Japanese Government that a solution, compatible with the honour and interests of both countries, may finally be arrived at.\n\nThe above is a general survey of our foreign relations up to the present moment. On matters of detail I shall have the pleasure to give explanation on later occasions.\n\n\"I thank you for your courteous attention.\"\n\nPage 474",
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    {
        "id": 489910,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 401,
        "title": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "400 \n\n10 \n\n11 \n\nNow, owing to the existence of the railway, much more convenient, so that a very large part of the traffic passes through the place. The Tumen Railway is ultimately to be connected with Tienpaoshan, in the western part of Chientao, where are some copper mines worked by a Sino-Japanese company, but the Chinese authorities have not yet given their consent to the laying of the Chinese section of the line, and the matter is still under negotiation.\n\ninto contact. I was furnished with armed guards for my journey and at Paitsackou, where there is no accommodation but Chinese inns, was furnished with a room in the magistrate's yamen. Mr. Tao, the Taoyin at Yenchi, who controls the four districts referred to, as well as four other neighbouring districts, was most courteous, and both he and Kao, the chu-chan, or settlement magistrate at Lungchingtsun, readily answered all the questions I put to them. Both of these officials speak Japanese well, and Mr. Kao especially seemed to be on excellent terms with Mr. Joly, who tells me that both he and the Taoyin have adopted quite a strong attitude during the past few months in the many points of dispute which have arisen with the Japanese authorities. Mr. Tao has only recently been sent back to Yenchi, where he was previously stationed for some years, and is evidently considered a good man for the post by the Chinese authorities. The magistrate at Hunchun, on the other hand, has only been recently appointed, and is not very well acquainted with conditions in the district. He speaks no Japanese.\n\nI have, &c. \n\nW. B. CUNNINGHAM. \n\n## Enclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\n**Consul-General Wilkinson to Sir B. Alston.**\n\n(No. 37.) Sir.\n\nMukden, June 11, 1921. IN continuation of my despatch No. 36 of the 8th instant, transmitting to you Mr. Cunningham's report on the situation in Chientao. I have now the honour to enclose a supplementary report which he has prepared giving an account of his experiences on his journey to Chientao and back.\n\nSir,\n\n## Enclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\nI have, &c. \n\nF. E. WILKINSON.\n\n**Mr. Cunningham to Consul-General Wilkinson.**\n\nMukden, June 7, 1921. WITH reference to my despatch of to-day's date reporting on conditions in the Chientao district. I have the honour to append hereto a brief description of my journey from the date of my departure from Mukden on the 12th May last.\n\nI was not in any way inconvenienced in my journey through Korea, and I did not require to make use of the letter of introduction to Japanese officials, which it was agreed I should endeavour to obtain from the authorities in Seoul. The letter was very willingly given to me upon my personal application to Mr. Matsunaga, chief of the Foreign Affairs Section of the Government-General of Korea.\n\nFrom Kami Sampo the railway line runs for about a mile further to the spot where the ferry crosses the Tumen, and this section of the line was, I understand, put in by the Japanese military authorities during their operations last year, as was also a bridge with a line of rails across the river, though its construction was not authorised by the Chinese authorities.\n\nI arrived at Kami Sampo on the evening of the 18th and left the following day for Lungchingtsun, a distance of about 21 miles by cart. On my arrival I called first upon Mr. P. B. Joly, the assistant in charge of the Chinese maritime customs here, who very kindly offered me hospitality during my stay.\n\nI spent two days at Lungchingtsun, calling on the magistrate of the town, Mr. Kao, and upon the Japanese consul-general, both of whom returned my call. Mr. Kao entertained me to dinner on the evening of the 21st, several other Chinese officials and the Japanese consul-general and one of his vice-consuls also being present. Mr. Sakai also gave a luncheon party in my honour during my stay, Mr. Joly and Dr. Martin and the Rev. A. H. Barker, of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission, also being invited. An account of my conversations with Mr. Sakai is given in my other report.\n\nOn the 22nd May I left Lungchingtsun for Yenchi, the principal town of the district, a distance of about 12 miles, spending a day and a-half there. I duly called on the Taoyin of the district, who is in charge of the whole area, and was most cordially received by him. I was, however, unable to see the general in command of the troops in the district, as he was away in Kirin.\n\nWhile at Yenchi I received a visit from Colonel Harada and Lieutenant Motoike, two of the liaison officers stationed in the Chientao area. The former explained that he had received instructions from Seoul to call on me, but though he seemed anxious to find out what my business in Chientao was, our conversation was throughout of the most informal kind, and I did not discuss the situation with him in any way. Later I returned the two officers' call at the small Chinese house they occupy in the town.\n\nUp to this time I had intended to proceed from Yenchi direct to Hunchun and return from there via Ninguta, in accordance with your suggestion. I was strongly advised, however, by M. Nadarof, the ex-Russian consul at Yenchi, who seems to be well acquainted with the district and has himself made the journey, not to attempt it at this time of year, as, though it was reported to be safe, the roads were very liable to be bad. I therefore decided to visit Paitsaokou (the most northerly of the open marts in the Chientao district) on my way to Hunchun and to be guided by circumstances as to my return route upon arrival at the latter place.\n\nI left Seoul on the morning of the 14th May (having spent the previous day in completing preparations for my journey), and arrived at Gensan the same evening in time to catch a small coasting steamer for Seishin, from which port there is rail connection with Kwainei (Kor., Hoiryong; Chin., Huining). Seishin is about 200 miles, and by direct boat the journey can be accomplished in a day, but the smaller vessels, by one of which I had to travel as there was no direct boat for two or three days, call at numerous small places on the coast and occupy about three days. I landed on the morning of the 17th at the small port of Tokchin, the last place of call before Seishin, being advised to do so as, owing to foggy weather, it was very uncertain whether the vessel would reach Seishin that day. From Tokchin there is a line of light rails to Kyojo, the present terminus of the line from Kwainei, which will ultimately connect with the east coast line from Seoul now in operation as far as Kanko (Hambeung). The line from Kyojo passes through Ranan and joins the Seishin to Kwainei line at Yujo. Ranan is the headquarters of the Japanese army in the north-eastern part of Korea and the seat of a division.\n\nThe line from Seishin to Kwainei is 58 miles in length, and was constructed some three or four years ago at considerable expense (10,000,000 yen, I am told): a high range of hills has to be crossed and there are a number of tunnels. The value of the line is, of course, mainly strategic, though considerable quantities of grain and lumber are transported over it to Seishin, whence they are exported to Japan.\n\nFrom Kwainei there is a light railway (24 feet gauge) to a small and entirely new place on the Korean side of the Tumen, known as Kami Sampo (Chin. Shangshanfeng), a distance of about 25 miles, which occupies rather more than three hours by train. It is possible to enter the Chientao district by direct road from Kwainei to Lungchingtsun, and this was the route principally used previously.\n\nI left Yenchi on the 24th May for Paitsaokou, which is a long day's journey of nearly 40 miles. The Taoyin at Yenchi had kindly furnished me with a letter of introduction to the magistrate of the Wanghsing district, who resides at Paitsaokou, and I was most cordially received and provided with a room in the yamen. I was also furnished with an armed guard of two men to accompany me on my journey.\n\nI stayed only one night at Paitsaokou, as I had been able to see the magistrate on my arrival, and there seemed little object in remaining there for a day. I accordingly left on the 25th for Hunchun, the journey of about 70 miles occupying three days owing to the difficult nature of the country traversed, several high hills having to be crossed. I was again provided with an escort and arrived at Hunchun on the evening of the 27th, being hospitably entertained while there by Mr. U. Marconi, acting commissioner of customs, to whom you had furnished me with a letter of introduction.\n\nAt Hunchun both the magistrate of the district and the officer in command of the troops came to call on me before I had been half an hour in the place, while the \n\n[6614 ee-6]",
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        "id": 490044,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 535,
        "title": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "88\n\nMr. Teichman furnishes conclusive evidence that this opium cultivation is carried on openly at the direct instigation of the Chinese officials whose duty it is to suppress it.\n\nI have the honour to enclose copy of a letter, which I have addressed to the Wai-chiao Pu, bringing the facts to their notice; but I fear that the Chinese Government has not the strength, even if it has the will, to adopt the only effective remedy, namely, the removal and punishment of the Military Governors responsible for the present state of affairs.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nSir.\n\n## Enclosure 1 in No. 37\n\n### Mr. Teichman to Sir J. Jordan\n\nTachienlu, April 27, 1919.\n\nI HAVE the honour to report that on my journey back from Chengtu we found the entire length of the Tung river valley (along which the road runs for two days' march - district of Luting) blazing with countless fields of red and white poppies in full bloom wherever the bays in the gorge permitted of cultivation. In most places fully a quarter of the land under cultivation was producing opium. This poppy cultivation (which I had failed to notice on my way down a month and a half earlier owing to my being very unwell, and to the plant not being in flower) is openly carried on without the least attempt at concealment right along this main route, which is one of the most important and most travelled of the big trunk roads of China; and the poppies were even flourishing in the immediate vicinity and in full view of the magistrate's seat and the big Catholic Mission establishment at Luting Ch'iao itself. The local people told my servants that the neighbourhood was growing poppy for the first time for many years, and that the cultivation was encouraged by the officials, who levied a tax of 28 rupees per Chinese acre of opium-producing land.\n\nMy statements about this opium cultivation, and the amazingly open way it is carried on, can be corroborated by Mr. Clements, of the China Inland Mission at Tachienlu, the Catholic missionaries, and by my own Pekinese servants. I shall try and secure some photographs of it on my way down.\n\nNo poppy cultivation whatever was to be seen for the first nine days' march out of Chengtu (i.e., while traversing regions controlled by the southern leader, Governor Hsiung Ko-wu); and we only came upon the opium after traversing the Fei Yü Ling (pass) and entering the district of Luting, which forms part of the Szechuan frontier territory.\n\nI have had considerable experience of opium suppression in the distant interior of China, and I well know that the responsibility for any recrudescence of cultivation in formerly clean regions lies at the door of the local officials (who can maintain the suppression with the greatest ease if they desire to do so) acting under the orders of the Governor of their province, or the military chief controlling their area; exception being made in the case of semi-independent tribal country and of regions controlled by brigands or rebels. Luting, however, is a peaceful and purely Chinese district, as easily governed as the Chengtu plain or the country round Peking, and is actually under the control, not of the southern \"rebel,\" but of a Peking-appointed official.\n\nConsular officers may perambulate provinces and certify them as clean; but such certification provides no guarantee whatsoever that cultivation will not be vigorously resumed in the following season if the local authorities desire to raise money from this unique revenue-producing source (as is the case in the present instance). It is always the officials and not the people who should be punished; but, unfortunately, the reverse is usually the case.\n\nSzechuan was, I believe, passed as clean without an official inspection at the time the 1911 Agreement was made. There was a limited amount of recrudescence after the revolution and during the subsequent troubles, and the poppy has always continued to flourish in the remote and semi-independent tribal country behind Kuan Hsien. But I have never heard of anything like the open and legalised cultivation now being carried on in Luting district and neighbourhood.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n**ERIC TEICHMAN**\n\n89\n\n## Enclosure 2 in No. 37\n\n### Memorandum\n\nNOT carrying with me any paraphernalia for official correspondence on my journey hither from the Burma frontier, I incorporated in a letter despatched en route to His Majesty's Minister at Peking my observations on the vast quantities of opium being grown, not only in the Chien-ch'ang valley, but also throughout the whole region traversed by me during twelve and a half days' travel in South-Western Szechuan.\n\nDuring the whole length of my journey across the western circuit of Yunnan, from the extreme south-west to the extreme north-east, I saw only five fields of opium poppy, and these were passed on the last half-day's journey in Yunnan, within 10 miles of the Szechuan boundary.\n\nOnce, however, I crossed the river Yang-tsze and entered Szechuan, matters were entirely different, and poppy fields abounded on all sides, without the smallest attempt at concealment.\n\nFor the first two and a half days to Hui-li the country was in the hands of Yunnan troops, and the percentage of opium crops was not very great; from Hui-li onwards for the next ten stages poppy fields were passed everywhere, in enormous quantities, and the percentage of these pernicious crops rose certainly to 50 per cent. The valley of the Anning river, which is the Chien-ch'ang (formerly Ning-yüan Fu) valley proper, is reached shortly before the end of the second stage northwards from Hui-li; three stages more, through absolutely countless poppy crops, brought me to the very large walled city of Chien-ch'ang (formerly Ning-yüan Fu), the headquarters of the Chien-ch'ang Taoyin, which lies just out of the Anning river valley, on its east side, in a broad plain which when I traversed it on the 17th March was a brilliant mass of poppy crops. During these three stages I travelled in company with a recently retired district magistrate of Hui-li, and in the course of conversation with him I commented freely on this flagrant breach of the Opium Agreement with Great Britain. His defence for his own scandalous inactivity in the matter, that he had no troops to carry out the work of suppression, was wholly specious, for throughout our journey in company we constantly passed large numbers of ill-disciplined local militiamen, whose sole occupation seemed to be loafing and gambling outside the gates of the many walled towns in which they were quartered; while day after day my efforts to find a temple to spend the night were frustrated because the temples - which abound all over Szechuan - were already occupied by these ruffians. Throughout the whole course of my journey in Szechuan I saw not a single proclamation against the cultivation of opium poppy bearing a date later than 1917.\n\nI agree entirely with Mr. Teichman's comment that it is always the officials and not the people who should be punished; my ex-magistrate travelling companion should undoubtedly have received a very severe sentence for his criminal, and doubtless highly lucrative, apathy. I was told by friendly natives encountered on my travels that each field of the illicit crop was worth 6 dollars to the authorities conniving at its existence.\n\nTwo stages above Chien-ch'ang the road quits the Anning river valley and becomes more mountainous: as far as I could judge, the fact that opium cultivation for the next few stages is distinctly less universal is due solely to the less congenial character of the soil. But not until my sixteenth day's journey in Szechuan, four days north of the large district town of Yueh-hsi, did I cease to see poppy crops altogether, and I attribute that cessation solely to the fact that the idle militia gave place, in the neighbourhood of the large towns of Ta-shu-p'u and Fu-lin, and thence onwards to Chengtu, to regular troops, under the command presumably of officers owning more than a nominal allegiance to the present Military Governor, Hsiung K'o-wu.\n\nMr. Teichman refers to the continued flourishing of poppy cultivation in the remote and semi-independent tribal country behind Kuan-hsien (about 40 miles north-west of Chengtu); this state of affairs is corroborated by local missionaries, who tell me, moreover, that opium growing on a small scale has begun again in several other hilly or mountainous areas on the fringe of the great Chengtu plain.\n\n**A. E. EASTES**\n\nChengtu, May 5, 1919.\n\n534",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-472 - Others - 1921",
        "page_number": 318,
        "title": "CO129-472 - Others - 1921",
        "content_text": "## APPENDIX \n### 315 \n#### A. \n##### 10. SUNYAT SIN'S MOVEMENT IN CHINA\n\nAfter a lapse of some months, the following notes bring the subject up to date. In Appendix 1 of this Command Intelligence Diary, some notes on Bolshevism in China were given.\n\nThe following notes bring the subject up to date, some months during which the subject has been watched closely.\n\nBolshevists in China have made little progress from the condition it was then in. Propaganda has continued and new adherents must necessarily have been found, but on the whole the results must have been disappointing to Moscow.\n\nIn a short article on **SUN YAT SIN** given in the Appendix to this revised edition, much has occurred since his return to CANTON to warrant his present attitude towards Bolshevism either is, or is extremely, far more favourable than the article implies.\n\nDuring his return, the publication of innumerable pamphlets, chiefly \"KUNG CHAN\" or \"Property of the Commonwealth\", has been freely permitted. These are chiefly published in the KWANG HAN District (west of the CANTON Delta). There is undoubtedly some connection with **NU CHIA TUNG** and **CHIK P'HI KAO**, whose names and addresses in the above District were given in the October Shanghai Intelligence Bureau report.\n\nDuring the month of August, the names of three anarchists were received from General Staff, Singapore, touring CHINA in the guise of actors advocating Anarchism. No trace of them was found, owing to the vigilance of Governments.\n\nDuring August and September 1920, reports pointed to **HUI CHOU** having been made the Headquarters of Anarchist Propaganda in CHINA. At this time, **SUN YAT SIN** and his entourage were there. A report was received, also, stating that Bolshevists were very active in SHANGHAI on October 1920 (China Revolution Day).\n\nOne of **SUN YAT SIN'S** earliest movements on his arrival in CANTON was to attend a meeting of advanced socialists, when he showed no acquiescence to somewhat rabid speeches regarding the Capitalist System. The meeting was chiefly composed of \"Labour elements\".\n\nSince that time, he has undoubtedly been concerned in furthering the doctrine of Bolshevism, but, it is worthy of record, against great opposition, particularly from the merchant and landed gentry of CANTON. There is nothing to show that he carries weight with any class other than labour; the students seem rather in the background.\n\nDuring January, it was commonly talked in connection with the proposed election of a South Western President and the Customs controversy, that while in SHANGHAI, **SUN YAT SIN** had made a private arrangement with **LINN** that as soon as he was elected President, he would acknowledge the Soviet Government of Russia.\n\nIt is now understood on usually reliable authority that **SUN YAT SIN** sent two special private envoys to the Russian Soviet Government, ostensibly negotiating a private arrangement.\n\nRecently, an agent of the Soviet Government arrived in CANTON and is now at `516` (1). His name is not known, but he is known by sight. He is masquerading as a Roman Catholic Priest and is believed to be Russian. Arms via YUNNAN and HU NAN are being furnished, in the latter province with a bodyguard by **LI LI CHÜN**.\n\nWith regard to the effect of the above, if **SUN YAT SIN** were really, as he claims to be, in power in the South, the situation might be variable. Fortunately, however, he has discredited himself considerably in many ways since his previous claim to be the leader of any particular province. Even the Civil Governor of KWANGTUNG, **CHEN CHUNG MING**, opposed him in both the **Fukien** affair and the Presidency election, as described elsewhere in this Diary and will oppose him in his...",
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    {
        "id": 493271,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-477 - Public Offices - 1922",
        "page_number": 179,
        "title": "CO129-477 - Public Offices - 1922",
        "content_text": "2\n\nrefuse to recognise the decisions of the Pacific Conference!\" &c.; some are even stated to have shouted \"Kill the foreigners!\" Three days later thousands of country roughs came into the city and threatened to burn the mission station next day. At the last moment energetic action was taken, which, at any rate for the time being, prevented trouble; but it may be noted that this action was not taken by Shensi's Christian Tuchun. The agitation has spread throughout the province, and according to the same informant students together with a number of local rowdies broke into and looted a Swedish up-country mission of which the occupants were fortunately absent, while at another town students and soldiers attempted to set fire to the English Baptist Mission, and were only prevented in the nick of time by the prompt action of the general in command. From the same informant I learn that on the 17th and 18th January messengers went from house to house in Sian-fu and in district cities as distant as 60 miles east and west of that place and called upon the people to rise and exterminate foreigners and their followers. Representations addressed to the military governor appear on this occasion to have resulted in effective action by him. Direct connection between this movement and the student agitation of the 21st December is not alleged, but under conditions existing in the less accessible parts of China the transition from a student movement calling for the expulsion of foreigners to a massacre of foreigners by roughs is an obvious one.\n\nWhile the tone of student agitation elsewhere called into being in connection with the Washington Conference has not equalled in violence that in Szechuan and Shensi, minor demonstrations have occurred, and it would only require a word from those who play upon the feelings of the students and make capital out of their agitation to cause a movement which might have serious consequences from end to end of the country.\n\nI have the honour to enclose copies of two reports by Brigadier-General Pereira, retired, who was formerly military attaché to this Legation and is now travelling for purposes of sport in Western China. These reports enlarge upon the danger to China arising out of the interference of the student classes in politics, a danger which in his opinion is even greater than that caused by the brigand-soldiers with whom the country is overrun. Both dangers spring from the loosening of the bonds which have in the past held together the Chinese body politic. But while the soldier evil is one without a spark of good intention to redeem it, it should not be forgotten that the student movement contains within itself the seeds of hope. Even if it be admitted that its immediate outcome may be only evil, the fact that it is the first outcome of a widespread interest among the Chinese people in their administration is a sign of good to come. There are grounds for the hope that, after a period of disturbance caused or strongly assisted by the student movement perhaps lasting for years and incidentally causing great injury to foreign interests, the effect of the movement may ultimately be to render impossible the government of the country by illiterate ex-brigands or an oligarchy of corrupt and incompetent mandarins.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nB. ALSTON.\n\nEnclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nReport by Brigadier-General G. Pereira of November 29, 1921.\n\nThe Present State of China.\n\nPROBABLY the two provinces that are in the greatest state of chaos at the present time are Shensi and Szechuan. Both provinces are torn by contending factions, especially Szechuan, which is hopelessly broken up into countless parties. Brigands are rife in both, though the European traveller generally should have no difficulty if he takes the trouble to warn officials of his proposed routes and uses an intelligent discrimination in accepting their statements as to what routes are safe. The fever of gambling is probably more fully developed in Szechuan. The chief difference between the two provinces is that whilst the students were kept in subjection under the late Tuchun of Shensi (Ch'en Shu-fan) the soldiers were more aggressive in that province. Whilst I have had no trouble from the soldiers in Szechuan, I have found from all accounts that the students in it are far more troublesome.\n\n3\n\nFormerly I considered the want of discipline and unnecessary number of soldiers was China's chief trouble; I have now come to the conclusion that the students are an even greater evil, certainly from the point of view of the foreigner.\n\nThe student, usually a wretched half-baked creature, who argues like a small child without fear of correction, has no solid base of education to help him. He picks up a smattering of foreign learning which enables him to pose without difficulty as a superior being among his own people, who therefore fear him, whilst before the foreigner he realises his inferiority, causing him a loss of face and turning him to anti-foreign feelings at heart.\n\nIf the students were under a strong foreigner, not afraid of him, the foreign-trained student in China would, no doubt, benefit, but when he is under weak foreigners, afraid to stand up to him in a fight to a finish, the student gets the upper hand and the prestige of the foreigner sinks. He judges that all foreigners are weak in the same way, and the more this feeling takes root the more anti-foreign and dangerous he becomes.\n\nUnfortunately from my own experience by far the greater number of foreign teachers I have met, in native or foreign-run schools and universities, have proved to be weak. They are handicapped by being generally poor and dependent on their salaries from Chinese officials or foreign societies. If they put up a fight to a finish in a Chinese-run institution they will probably be forced to give up their jobs, whilst in the foreign-run institution there is the danger of the students going out in a body, with the onus on the teachers of being made responsible for the collapse of the school.\n\nThe Chinese are past masters in the art of asserting themselves by combination, and, as a result of successful strikes and threats in the past, they have gradually got to realise their own strength and the weakness of Chinese officials and foreign teachers in the face of organised opposition, the only thought of the latter being to check the evil by temporising and concessions.\n\nAs regards the all-important question of the state of the students in the model province of Shansi, I formed a poor opinion of the model governor as a man because he truckled to the students and allowed them to invade his yamên and forced him to comply with their demands under fear of threats of a general strike. On the other hand, I realised his sterling merits as a kind, grandmotherly being, for his kindly wishes for the welfare of the people, for the excellence of the platonic vapourings which he caused to be posted on many of the houses throughout the province, for his good intentions and for some minor useful reforms. On the other hand, in the otherwise lawless and divided province of Shensi, Ch'en Shu-fan (the late Tuchun) took a strong hand in keeping the students in subjection, notwithstanding all the difficulties of his position. Though probably his past life has not merited for him the hope of beatification after death, nevertheless he struck me, from the accounts of qualified foreigners who had met him, as being essentially a strong man with a will and mind of his own. So far he has never had a fair chance, as when in power only a limited part of the province acknowledged his rule, but if he succeeds in reasserting himself, as seems at present possible, I hope he will be given the chance of proving that he is an efficient ruler and capable of re-establishing order in this distracted province.\n\nSzechuan is so broken up by the number of contending factions that a return for it to a state of peace and prosperity seems at the moment remote. Possibly Hsiung K'o-wu may decide to return to political life. He appears to be the most popular figure in the province, is still young (under 40), has a reputation for capacity and might develop into a strong man.\n\nTo sum up, poor China, torn by contending parties, in which everybody is fighting for his own hand, overwhelmed by an unexampled series of catastrophes in the shape of famine, earthquakes and floods, has never been in such hopeless straits before. The honest, law-abiding Chinese, as represented by the bulk of its population and also by the merchant, longs for peace and security, whilst the soldiers (a term at present synonymous with brigands), whose numbers are far in excess of all legitimate requirements, see they have the upper hand, and make use of their power to tyrannise over the wretched people. At the same time the students, seeing the weakness generally of their officials, and particularly of the foreigners with whom they come most in contact, are daily becoming more anti-foreign. History may be repeated, as in the case of the Boxer movement of 1900, and they may succeed one day in diverting the overwrought feelings of the wretched people against the foreigner, as the cause of all their woes.\n\nTo make matters worse, some ill-advised foreigners go home and give a roseate and absolutely false impression of an imaginary wonderful improvement in China.\n\n179",
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        "page_number": 180,
        "title": "CO129-477 - Public Offices - 1922",
        "content_text": "4\n\nunder the beneficent rule of a republic, and even—which seems incredible to any foreigner who has any extensive experience of the interior of China—advocate the abolition of extra-territoriality. As far as I know, these foreigners are all foreigners who have spent their lives in security in China in the midst of foreign communities, such as Peking, Tien-tsin and the coast, and who have no first-hand experience of the interior. One can only regret that these advocates of putting the foreigner under the jurisdiction of so-called Chinese justice cannot be forced to live for six months in some remote village or city in the interior, far away even from the restraining influence of a consulate, and made liable to be publicly and ignominiously dragged to a yamên, forced to kneel on chains to extort a confession, liable to the ignominious and cruel punishment of the bamboo, or, even putting aside the risk of torture, which still goes on in some places, liable to die from cold in the winter in the wretched dens which do duty as prison quarters—only last winter I heard of such a case. Such degradation of the foreigner would mean his loss of prestige, and when this comes to pass the interior of China will only become attractive to those wearied of the vanities of this life and aspirants for the martyr's crown—a noble band whom I admire, but among whom I have no wish to be enrolled as a member.\n\nThe state of chaos in China will not be improved until—\n\n1. The strong men get control, and, combining together, gradually put each province in order.\n\n2. The students are kept in check.\n\n3. The soldiers are reduced to legitimate requirements and kept under a proper state of discipline, whilst brigands are relentlessly hunted down.\n\nIt is impossible to forecast what combinations of strong men will eventually bring back peace and prosperity to the country. I should like to see a combination of such men as Wu Pei-fu in the centre of China, Ch'en Shu-fan in Shensi, Ch'en Chiung-ming at Canton, and possibly Hsiung K'o-wu in Szechuan. Other provinces, of which I have no recent experience, might be able to add to the number. These combined should be able to put an end to the effete puppets of the Peking Government, that visionary impossibility, Sun Yat-sen, and the wind-bag, Wu Ting-fang of the Canton Government. As regards Chang Tso-lin, who rules supreme in Manchuria, I do not know whether he has improved and is a reformed character from what he was twelve or thirteen years ago when I visited him. He had then recently retired from the leadership of the Hunghutzu of the district and had a reputation for cruelty. He disgusted me by bragging about a recent triumph over an enemy, another robber chief, the fact being that he had invited him to a feast of reconciliation, and after the feast had seized the opportunity to have him crushed to death between two of the big stones used for crushing grain.\n\nChengtu, Szechuan.\n\nEnclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nG. PEREIRA.\n\nReport by Brigadier-General G. Pereira of December 14, 1921.\n\nIN 1900 the Chinese people were in a state of unrest, partly caused by a failure of the crops, and partly by the recent introduction of European education and a feeling of the necessity of reform. The movement was primarily anti-dynastic, but the Court, realising its danger, managed to divert the Boxer movement to an anti-foreign outbreak. At that time the country was united under one rule, and enjoyed the benefits of individual security and prosperity under a mild form of autocracy, the only form of government suitable for Asiatic nations in their present undeveloped state. Therefore, whilst the anti-foreign movement was more dangerous owing to the better organisation under a united Government, still it was greatly lessened and localised thanks to the provinces being swayed by an exceptional number of eminent and capable viceroys and governors, such as Liu K'un-yi at Nanking, Chang Chih-tung at Wu-ch'ang, Li Hung-Chang at Canton, Yuan Shih-k'ai in Shantung and Tuan Fang in Shensi.\n\nIn 1900 those who prophesied trouble before the Boxer outbreak were stigmatised as alarmists, whilst those who pooh-poohed the chances of trouble were afterwards abused for their want of foresight. The same will happen again at the present time, the fact being the prophets fail to realise that there are such thousands of unforeseen circumstances that none can foresee, which will divert popular feeling and action into unexpected courses. This makes it wrong to make definite prophecies, as their fulfilment is a pure gamble, and it is only the irresponsible man, with a limited local knowledge, who ventures to do so. If he turns out to be right he can say, “I told you so,” whilst if he is wrong his prophecies are too unimportant to be remembered. At the present time it is universally admitted by all who know China that the country has never been in such a rotten state, and that the experiment of a republic has proved a most dismal failure. The people, especially in the upper classes, are not educated up to the requirements of a liberal form of government, and it will be many years before they attain to it.\n\nNot only do all the evils under the imperial régime still exist, but they are multiplied, owing to there being many heads instead of one. In the old days the millions poured into the Court at Peking, and a good deal of the money was spent in the service of the State, whilst smaller sums, more or less regulated by precedents, and in a measure recognised as legitimate perquisites of underpaid officials, were received by officials. At the present time the millions go into the pockets of the bigger officials, such as Chang Tso-lin in Manchuria, Wang Chan-yuan, late Governor of Hupei, and Hsiung K'o-wu, the late ruling spirit in Szechuan, and a little or nothing of this comes back to the State. In the same way the minor officials, with no restraining influence from Peking or fear of public opinion, are out to make what they can, and as quickly as possible, whilst their day of power lasts. In the old days public opinion had much influence over the officials, and if one tried to overstep the limits of squeeze the people rose and there was trouble. Now the soldiers have increased so enormously in numbers and power that they keep the people in a state of subjection and terrorism. The merchants and people long for a state of peace and security in vain.\n\nThe break-up of the central power has been the chance for adventurers, and now the provinces are divided against each other, and often a province is split up into factions.\n\nIn the old days the army was despised as an inferior profession and a restraining influence kept on it, but the rise of innumerable factions has given the soldiers their chance. Each petty leader is dependent on them, and the men themselves now thoroughly understand their power. Very few military officers trouble about discipline or take any pains about securing a regular payment for their men. As a result the soldier is generally owed a large amount of back pay, which is sometimes made up for by encouraging looting. If this is not sufficiently profitable the soldiers desert and join a brigand band.\n\nThe students are, to my mind, an even greater source of danger, but as I have dealt with them in a recent report, I will not dwell on them now. It must be remembered that, whatever his failings and lack of education, the student of to-day represents the future ruling class of China, and that the ideas he now imbibes will later be developed.\n\nThe spirit of unrest is increased by secret societies, which have always existed in China, and have now increased in numbers and power. Though primarily they may be organised against the Chinese Government of the day, still there is often the watchword of \"China for the Chinese!\" which tends for an anti-foreign feeling. This, at times, may only require a few foolish actions by one or two irresponsible foreigners to fan the spark, and produce a local and totally unforeseen combustion, which once started may easily spread.\n\nIn Szechuan, probably the most factious and split-up province in China, with apparently no commanding figure to restore order out of chaos, there is of course a certain amount of safety for the foreigner, whilst the factious are fighting amongst themselves, and the leaders may feel that one day their only chance of escaping may be through the assistance of the foreigners. On the other hand, owing to the lack of any stable form of government or dependence on any central authority, a sudden anti-foreign rising by a mob or engineered by secret societies would be more dangerous than in any other province owing to its inaccessibility.\n\nThrough the collapse of Russia, and in a lesser degree of Germany, the power of the foreigner to command respect in China is much less than it used to be, the more so as the remaining Powers are more engrossed in restoring order in their own countries. Luckily they can still demonstrate against Peking, Canton, Wuchang and Nanking, the most important centres of influence in China, whilst with its long coast line other important points can be threatened. Yunnan, too, with the railway to Hanoi and its neighbourhood to Burma, can feel the power of the foreigner, but the western provinces are generally isolated and beyond the reach of a foreign expedition. In the case of Kansu this does not much matter as long as the Mahomedans and the Chinese...\n\nPage 180\n\nPage 181",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-477 - Public Offices - 1922.txt",
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        "id": 498260,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 433,
        "title": "CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "## Application Form for Medical Service\n\n1. Name \n\n2. (Removed as not present in the given text)\n\n...\n\n7. **Professional qualifications and the date at which each was obtained**\n\nM.B.ChB (Edin) 1901\n\n8. **Any military experience you have had**\n\nChinke Base Hospital, Noyelles Jul-Dec., 1917  \nDec. 1917 M.O. Fist Western Sen. Hosp. Liverpool  \nM.O., Chinese, Janks Corps, HQ., -July 1918. Oct 1918-Jan 1919.\n\n9. **Mention any prizes, scholarships, or other distinctions gained during your general or professional education or subsequently; also any contributions to medical literature. State here any knowledge you possess of any language other than English.**\n\nPassed exam Cantonese, 1903\n\n10. **Mention any clinical appointments held**\n\n| Appointment Type | Date and Duration |\n| --- | --- |\n| Non-resident |  |\n| Resident |  |\n\n11. **State how you have been engaged since you obtained a qualification... Mention each position held by you, the dates between which you held it, and the cause of leaving**\n\nSurgeon, Church Mission, Pakhoi Leper's General Hospital) Jan. 1902-July 1903 (left on health grounds)  \nPrivate Practice, Cumberland 1904-1906 (Left to return to China)  \nMedical Mission, Kweilin, Mar. 1906-Nov., Medical Mission Nanning Reg. 1406 Dec. 1916 (Left on account of wife's health)  \nHong Kong Colonial Medical Service Feb. 1919-Feb 1924\n\n12. **If you apply for a particular appointment state it. If you do not apply for a particular appointment, state to what Colonies you would go, giving the order of preference.**\n\n(Before filling in these particulars you should read carefully the papers headed Miscellaneous No. 99 and African (West) No. 678.)\n\n13. **Give particulars of any physical impairment from which you may have suffered (including shell-shock, nerve strain, etc.).**\n\n14. **About how soon would you be available to proceed overseas if selected.**\n\n15. **Personal References. Give the names and addresses of two referees.**\n\n| Name | Address | Occupation | Period Known |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Rt. Rev. Bishop Banister | Kuling, China | Missionary bishop retired | 1902-1906 |\n| Lt. Col. T. B. Fikserald | 463 Peak, Hong Kong | S. M. O., China Command | 1923–24 |\n\n16. **Testimonials.**\n\nYou should submit not more than six testimonials, to cover as far as possible your education and each subsequent stage of your career. The original testimonials and one copy of each should be sent. The former will be returned after inspection. Copies may be in MS., in print, or typewritten; and it is desirable that they should be on foolscap paper not larger than this form.\n\nYou should give the name, address, and occupation of the writer of each of your testimonials; the period of your career for which he can speak and the capacity in which he speaks, e.g., (Col. A.B., my C.O., January, 1915--March, 1918).\n\nShould the writer of a testimonial prefer to send it direct to the Assistant Private Secretary (Appointments), there is no objection, but in such a case you should state hereon that he is doing so.\n\nThe names, etc., of other persons to whom reference can be made may be added if desired. If, for any reason, you experience difficulty in obtaining a testimonial to cover a particular period of your career, you should state the reason in writing. In this case, the name and last known address of someone who would be in a position to report on your character and conduct during the period in question should be given.\n\nIt is desirable, but not essential, that one of your testimonials should be from the Dean of the Medical School at which you were educated.\n\n{TURN OVER}",
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        "id": 498986,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-487 - Others & Individuals - 1924",
        "page_number": 94,
        "title": "CO129-487 - Others & Individuals - 1924",
        "content_text": "## MAN-OF-WAR ANCHORAGES\n\n### North side of the City of Victoria\n\nWestern Boundary.—A line drawn N. 30 E. 2,680 feet from the Bench Mark on the coping of the Praya Wall in line with the N. W. corner of the City Hall building.\n\nNorthern Boundary.—From the Northern extremity of the above line, a line drawn N. 85 E. 4,100 feet.\n\nEastern Boundary.—From the Eastern extremity of the line forming the Northern Boundary, a line drawn S. 15 W. 1,120 feet, thence a line drawn S. 85 W. 1,230 feet and thence a line drawn S. 15 W. until it meets the Praya Wall.\n\n### West side of the Kowloon Peninsula\n\nSouthern Boundary.—From the point where the Northern side of the North Pier, Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company's premises joins the Praya Wall, a line drawn West 1,505 feet.\n\nWestern Boundary.—A line drawn N. 8 W. 2,570 feet from the Western extremity of the Southern Boundary.\n\nNorthern Boundary.—From the Northern extremity of the Western Boundary a line drawn East until it meets the Praya Wall.\n\nNothing is to prevent ships proceeding to and from any wharves on the west side of Kowloon Peninsula, provided such ships, if anchoring, give swinging room to vessels at the Admiralty buoys.\n\n## Long Harbour and Jones Cove\n\n10. No ship, other than His Majesty's ships, shall anchor in the Bays known as and shewn on the Admiralty Charts as Long Harbour and Jones Cove in Mirs Bay.\n\n11. Junks and other native craft frequenting this portion of the waters of the Colony for fishing and other purposes, will be allowed to use the same, subject to the orders and control of the Harbour Master or his Deputy.\n\n**Note**,—The Captain of any British Man-of-War using the rifle range on San Man Shak Peninsula shall, for the purpose of the control of the traffic in the Danger Zone, be a Harbour Master's Deputy under Section 2 of the Merchant Shipping Ordinance.\n\n## Foreign Man-of-War Anchorage\n\n12. The Foreign Man-of-War Anchorage is in Kowloon Bay to the Eastward of the Hunghom Peninsula and within the following limits :-\n\n| Boundary | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| On the West | The Eastern limit of the Telegraph Cable Ground. |\n| On the South | A line drawn N. 81 E. from Blackhead's Hill Signal Mast. |\n| On the North and East | The 5-fathom line of soundings. |\n\n13. All vessels are to be moored.\n\n14. Foreign Ships-of-War shall not make any examination or survey of the shores or waters of the Colony, either from such ships or by means of boats or otherwise.\n\n## Landing of Foreign Soldiers and Sailors\n\n15. Foreign Soldiers or Sailors, if unarmed may be landed in the Colony within the harbour limits, without the prior consent of the Governor, provided that when it is desired to land a number of men exceeding 100 notice must be given to the Colonial Secretary, in order that all facilities of which local conditions admit may be given. Applications for permission to land armed parties in connection with funerals or to take part in public ceremonies of an exceptional nature must be addressed to the Governor through the Colonial Secretary. No application is necessary in the case of Officers.\n\n15a. No Foreign Soldiers or Sailors shall be landed in the Colony outside the harbour limits from any vessel without the permission of the Governor for which application must be made by the Senior Officer in command of the Foreign Ships or Troops concerned.\n\n## III. QUARANTINE ANCHORAGE\n\n16. | Boundary | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Western Boundary | A line drawn from the western extreme of Stonecutters Island to the west extreme of Green Island. |\n| Southern Boundary | The Naval shears at Kowloon bearing East by South commencing where it meets the Western Boundary and terminating where it meets the Eastern Boundary. |\n| Eastern Boundary | A north and South line drawn from the southernmost point of Stonecutters Island until it reaches the Southern Boundary. |\n\n## IV. DANGEROUS GOODS ANCHORAGES\n\n17. The Dangerous Goods Anchorages shall mean the portions of the harbour within the following limits :-",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-487 - Others & Individuals - 1924",
        "page_number": 138,
        "title": "CO129-487 - Others & Individuals - 1924",
        "content_text": "128\n\nPersian Gulf ports in countries bordering on. Reunion. Sandwich Islands. Seychelles. West Indies.\n\nGiven under my hand and the Public Seal of the Colony at Victoria Hongkong this 1st day of December, 1916.\n\nBy Command,\n**A. G. M. FLETCHER**,\nColonial Secretary.\n\n**GOD SAVE THE KING**\n\n129\n\n**INTERPRETATION ORDINANCE, 1911.** (No. 31 OF 1911.)\n\n11\n\n\"Harbour\" means, unless any other harbour is expressly indicated, the harbour of Victoria, and includes the waters of the Colony within the following boundaries:\n\nOn the East. A line drawn from a pillar marked \"Harbour Limits\" at North Point on the Island of Hongkong to the most easterly point of Kowloon City Pier;\n\nOn the West.-A line drawn from the westernmost point of the Island of Hongkong to the western side of Green Island, continued to the western point of Stonecutters Island, thence to the North Point of Stonecutters Island, and thence to the Harbour Department Station at Shamshuipo.\n\nNo. 327.\n\nRegulation made by the Officer Administering the Government in Council under the provisions of sections 25(4) and 42(1) of the **Merchant Shipping Ordinance, 1899**, Ordinance No. 10 of 1899, this 20th day of July, 1922.\n\nTable M of the **Merchant Shipping Ordinance, 1899**, published on pages 723 to 729 of the Regulations of Hongkong 1914, as amended by Regulation made by the Governor in Council under sections 25(4) and 42 of the above Ordinance and published as Government Notification No. 36 in the Gazette of 27th January, 1922, is hereby further amended by substituting the words \"white-flashlights\" for the words \"red lights\" in regulation 4 thereof.\n\n+9\n\n**COUNCIL CHAMBER**,\n20th July, 1922.\n\n**A. DYER BALL**,\nClerk of Councils.\n\n134",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-487 - Others & Individuals - 1924.txt",
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    {
        "id": 500972,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-489N - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 7,
        "title": "CO129-489N - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "32\n\nFOR THE\n\nSWIMMING\n\nSEASON\n\nWe are displaying an excellent range of\n\nBATHING COSTUMES\n\nRUBBER BATHING CAPS & SHOES\n\nSWIMMING FLOATS\n\nDo Not Fail to Inspect our Display of JANTZEN'S & JAEGERS'\n\nLADIES' AND GENTS'\n\nBATHING COSTUMES\n\nIn all Colours and Attractive Designs.\n\nThose Pure Wool Costumes are unexcelled for their wearing qualities, comfort and style, and they always retain their shape.\n\nTHE SINCERE CO., LTD.\n\nHOTCHKISS\n\nDON\n\nFALST BROS.\n\nKIRKCALDY\n\nHONGKONG EMPORIUM\n\nAN OLD FAVOURITE BACK AGAIN!\n\nConnoisseurs will remember \"DON\"- the favourite Scotch Whisky of Pre-War Days.\n\nNOW for the first time since the war, we can again supply DON.\n\nSole Agents:\n\nN. S. Moses & Co., Ltd.\n\nWhy Your Printing Should be the Best.\n\nMost people characterise the standing of a firm by its printing. Shoddy, or even mediocre printing gives the impression of mediocrity.\n\nAs you judge a man's character by his habits so do you judge a firm by its methods: its printing, its correspondence, the promptness, and its general tidiness in business.\n\nMake sure your printing is good, clean, and has that touch of distinction which a first-class printer makes his speciality.\n\nUp-to-date and good printing is executed by\n\nSouth China Morning Post,\n\nTel. 440.\n\nLimited\n\n3 Wyndham Street\n\nHongkong.\n\nSOUTH\n\nCHINA MORNING POST.\n\nTHE\n\nECONOMY IN HOME BUILDING.\n\nTHE OWNER AND THE\n\nARCHITECT.\n\nBy Oswald C. Bering. Published by Robert M. McBride Company, New York $5.\n\nWEDNESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1925.\n\nBUILDER.\n\nFOUNDATIONS.\n\nBUILDING PROBLEMS IN HONGKONG.\n\nMuch more general appearance\n\nThe timber pile, both squared and round in a \"tree shape\", have been the most greatly used in the past. These are driven in by a falling weight, or steam hammer, until a specified resistance at each fall is obtained.\n\nTo-day the timber pile has largely been replaced by piles of concrete, steel and combinations of concrete and steel.\n\nConcrete piles can be divided into two classes, viz precast and cast in position.\n\nMr. Hertug has added another to the list that may be met with by architects in the East.\n\nThe \"ground\" in Europe is one of the most important factors of shares and limits average matter, and in addition the conditions of space.\n\nThe precast pile is cast very much in a similar way to that of the thinner pile, and is generally made with a pointed end, and land reclaimed are so found by the soil, or a metal shell is driven into the ground upon completion of all the piling and forethought for back that they can ease to be carried through to an also be said, with safety, ground, and\n\nHe is never pre-in Great Britain, that old or bedding upon \"bad ground\" make a compromise when it comes to inferior quality is not usually a paying proposition, land being generally purchased at rates which are less than the cost of reclamation, or at less than the extra cost\n\nWith the metal shell as a mould, the metal shell covers a collapsible general pile cure, the shed and the raundiena sufit upon waslabic soil.\n\nArchitects seem to feel pretty strongly a lack of the paper of river-side warehouses and dock sititude toward their profession, and where low-lying sites, by their due both to ignorance of the lay Homes, base & valce in giving man, as well as over ambitious re-\n\naccuse on waterways and storage presentatives within the preïez-\n\natungarde. slur. Much space is devoted in this bank to emphasizing the importance of selecting a good architect, and what is more, excending\n\na bilding site may range from portance of rebitecturo as the Dig ind waa an art. I must be honoured with\n\nin\n\nold allowed to haraan, and dzisi\n\nThe precast pi'e la cast ven in a similar way to that ef the thinner pile, and is generally\n\ngood agricultural pie cast in position may\n\nJo\n\nend, and lande reclaimed are so fond by the soil, or a metal shell\n\nInto the\n\nupon completion of\n\nall the pianting and forethought for hack that they can ease to be\n\nWhere the earth forms be mould, at any heantau! thing that is spoken of as cocinimes worth being carried through to an also be said, with safety, ground, and\n\nland metal lobe la driver\n\ncompletion.\n\nHe is never pre-in Great Britale, that ocliving driving the tube, concrete is passed pared fo\n\nmake a compromise lard or bedding upon \"bad ground\"\n\ndown the tube, the tube being with-- when it comes to inferior quality is not n staally a paying propal-drawn as the couerote is placed. of materials or -guted dion, lana being reuerally pureba\n\nWith the metal sheli as a mould, the metal shell covers a collapsible: cunstances, he always indicates as than the cost of reclamation, meral ple cure, the shed and the a smaller scute, or simplified as ur et less than the extra cost\n\nraundiena sufit upon waslabic soil. Architects seem to feel pretty Tan exceptious are to the rase strongly a lack of the paper of river-side warehouses and dock sititude toward their profession, and where low-lying sites, by their due both to ignoranes of the Jay Homes, base & valce in giving man, Ax well sa over ubitious re-\n\naccuse on waterways and storage presentatives within the preïez-\n\natungarde. slur. Much space in devoted in this bank to emphasizing the mould mad, to hard rock, or six à bilding site may range from portance of selecting a good arritures varying between these two tect, and what is more, excending Mad, soft ground, or Ta pat fath in bi The aveti-\n\ning.\n\nTHA\n\nIvos sand,\n\nle care being driven into the quil, 5s pic care heirg collapsed when i rewnioz the necteurs depth, and removed, feaving the shell in the ground to form a road to take the concrete.\n\nThe slams for the metal shell are f that before placing the camareis.\n\nhe concrete can do seen, and that the near space to be recupied ly\n\nas the hole is Hired by the motul shell there is no risk of earth o\n\ntect ia a Dinette,\" says Mr. Hat ve of indefinite depth, or ground water becoming mixed with\n\nthickness of there untable soils, the concrete. safely carry the structur covering soi! sufficiently solid tej claimed Jun.\n\nand\n\nHe e insistent on necessity of the architect knowing\n\nOne syle, where the fabe is: his clients understanding their\n\nHe-driven and withdrawn as la con-i needs, and the actual human fac have hoen ased for the disposti of the monid, attaches great value areas which ereta is placed the soil forming tors of thefe problem. The lay-earth, and rebash, come under the to ramming the earth at the foot Tan does not usually balanced picture or the problending or soft ground, which the gile to an enlarged base, over-lie good firm soll before commencing the concreting,\n\n14%\n\na\n\nQuality\n\nTOP NOTCH\"\n\n\"KING GEORGE IV\" Scotch Whisky\n\nSole Agents:\n\nGANDE, PRICE & Co., Ltd.,\n\nHONG KONG\n\nFresh Air on Top\n\nWHEN it is \"set fair\" with\n\nthe thermometer in this eighties\n\nyou CRO awoly command a refre sehga\n\nbreeze from your\n\nand is likely is mopese plans that The sides of water courses are and the camming of the concrete Electric Fan\n\nare inconsistent.\n\nTactful and Firm,\n\nIt is\n\natten of sor 2. var-lying is invera to ratosal, as placed.) The architect must be tactful may a exist, that is, a pool for the plic, and irregular sides which good firm button. The opposite which results in a bulbuions font tel bat in his criticiser. asstatis?, therefore, saleet himmering mud, or louse soft before pay atop a taken in the plays, ar buiting, Indeed, to help\n\nWhere had greend iz met with. the actual selection of the site the normal footings obtained he\n\nis claimed give greater skin letion.\n\nConcrete, it good, as a materiai | tor piles can be spoken of as per\n\nis unually a mistaka to scrno-widening walls un piers. under manent, whether in waler or in the zize in the matter of the custheir base, by bedek esate and ground ur \"hetween wind end of bis services. A selection of pain concrete, may not he efficient water,\" the\n\nIt will keep you fit until holiday-time, and suszała you at concert-pitch afterwards.\n\nOne unit of electricity will drive a small jan for 40 hours.\n\npositiva destrac-THE CHINA LIGHT & POWER Co., (1918) Ltd.\n\nat.\n\nthe rebt man will mean considersstrecoure over aning arca bu retive to other materials. able economy in purcheses snoduce the load to the amount per 01 subject to rot, at construction laier, and a personal quare foot, Part the soli wil carber. And doe's 201 corrode as does\n\nrunk from wond barers, as is m and artistic interest lu results. Recourse has then to be\n\nmade\n\nchanges, us\n\n50\n\noften it has\n\nArchitect expertaily young to other methods, such as spread and steel, s has the nd ones, make the mistake very often footings, piling, rafts, caissons,ntage, that, however pamarent ef giving a rapid estimate of cost, cylinders, sheel pillow, are a com wood piling sy he, i constantly teiling what the exact date o hinatione of these, according to the\n\nsaturated, there is rot the fear of commation will be. An experi-pe of strucuri and the nature decay if the line of sturation anced maz is too well acquainted of the soil. with finetusiona te the markei, The spread footing is the ineen found to do. There is and unfavourable labour candi-iment of the aormal convete rage, 46180 the increasing difficulty, tions, and uncertain whether to to give additional bearing aves.\n\ntowing the depletion spook Sognaticely on any of these The normal courete foundation foreste, to obtain timber of targe M. dering abould be expabic of wider then the frickenk it up rete may be found to be chaper. matera. God architecte, sage to a watt or pier, being bat ute seartling and when large scantlinga are required, the first cost of con- estimating within 10 per cent of ports, is subjected to but little or the cost. t is recommend that ho tention. he let out contracting directly, in stead of placing this function in the alone of another.\n\nThere are many ways of series\n\ning ccenomy, \"Ruild economical\n\n, but never cheaply,\" says M\n\nHeria, Econcutez depend agon\n\nBy eulanging. It is subjected to\n\ntalle stress in the underside,\n\n(1)\n\nRafii\n\no\n\nRaft foundations have become care into use since the introdie-\n\nand to take up this stress,, rotted of reinforced concrete. Pre-\n\nsteel jufte are inserted or the con- areta is relaforced with zods,\n\nFiling.\n\nWith cerisin scils and where the\n\nbe driven to\n\nVICK= to die introduction of reinforced aonercle, refta were co- steneten in plafa concrete, and sol being reinforced, were af thirdness.\n\n37622\n\nWith s raft the preseard on the\n\nthe nature of the plan, bup of atrasture resis apon the grandi,\n\ncortare, exbica o materials, resuficient piles may duction of regelremonts, market sonsolidate the earth sufferently to jail is diatributed over the waxi-\n\ncluziion. favourableness\n\ncarry the tend. Before driving them se possible, reducing the weather, etc. Cut out non-essen pilas the earth seemed a certain pure per square foot to a min tials first, he recomiende, bistoad space. After the piles are driver, roam, and if pemperly of making a\n\ndezigned, compromise\n\nthec in earth. plz piles, the earth in soft places. quality of materiale. He ecumer\n\nWith few ates and explains more extensive bulk of the driven pile,\n\nasing heen consolidated by the exceptions the site under buildings | ly and technically many others.\n\n1234 ke he movered sith au Supervious Bungalows.\n\nPiles for the purpose of conjayer. In most cases concrete is the solidating soda can be of tallar peatario! used, and this\n\nrerete\" made sufficiently thick\n\nface\n\nand restored, may form the raft.\n\nShowroom 62 Nathan Road, Kawi\n\n60 years ago!\n\nKAYIP\n\nThe Firm of MACKAY introduced LIQUEUR WHISKY Its success has led to the oxistence ni mszy fetior Brande offered under ritar title.\n\nMACKAY'S THE ORIGINAL- 1495EUR WHISKY\n\nBabe in face age and chore Bone pretation of Highland Whisky.\n\nTu Tubos na jou tuing Bred five leading divide throughout the int\n\nGaste no more than dory\n\nObtainable from all the leading\n\nstores in the Colony. WHOLESALE AGENTS-BRADLEY & Co., Ltd.\n\nCOLUMBIA\n\nNEW-PROCESS\n\nRECORDS\n\nMUSICAL COMEDIES\n\nSelection\n\n19\n\n465 THE GEISHA\n\n821 IRENE\n\n723 LILAC DOMINO\n\nWith badldings having basements, the basement level mag he balex\n\n666 MAID OF THE MOUNTAINS 932 BRIGHTER LONDAR\n\n12\n\n27\n\n645 CHU-CHIN-CHOW\n\n659 CHU-CHIN-CHOW\n\nTe duretes & chapter cach tepes to the used for beading country house. suburban town piles, but in several ecare pales of Aud semi-domestic. In the counhard materialy having no cobesion try and sobarben heuse it is a have been used, such as sacó, eliz importens to develop the exterior (kers, stores, pl.\n\nwater level, requiring reinforce! Surroundings as the interior de\n\nFrich pile of curò, stone or other ment against the opward ad in. tails. The arcaiteet must be con- Part materials, boles are formed ward presauce of water, the ruft earned with lawns, shrubbery, driving and removing pilas of useiber with the barzeniest walls, kennels.\n\nfilling thereoning a watertight box\n\nmaterials, aged in water bearing toil\n\nThe Puthor is heeed, or metal, and etc. arused at the surr of gull hole with the bead\n\nmen whe extat at having to with bearing les, that is plas A raft foundation may be mora \"pay an architect to design\n\nwhich support a structure, such as jerononteal, even when in itself it chicken coop\" Bungalows are a pier over open water and build costs more, then foundations taken\n\n¡Ay chase\n\nnot ganerally inexpensive, as ings on soft sort or liquid mud, the down to a low level, glling, when supposed. They must always bo freeistance against ponetration of the taking down of the founda! pleaned to ennform to the scythe pie may be obtained by its roations, the ailing roundings. The ideal way\n\nreaching sold ground, ot by dodge to dosing property.\n\n(Minders. Cylinders of iron and steel, and\n\nplanning a town house is to et tion of the soil against te sides,\n\nla group of people to share in les partiz by both it being driven\n\nlot having a common central gerte a suficient depth to stala treiufgrend coutrete, sinh tuto sott\n\nen and Como architectu friction, or support at its foot. style that can be planned har\n\nrol, water, wad and, and les moniously.\n\n279 FLORODORA\n\nVocal tems\n\n309 LES CLOCHES DE CORNEVILLE\n\nAT\n\nANDERSON'S\n\nThe põe supported at its fot, with concrete, have been used. pose of being between groups of for that porting id a pie surround- Je some Chat:x eylinders have pites and giving rigidity.\n\nnd by water or liquid and giving surrounded groups or piles, the\n\nFor work of ar engineering\n\nHe discusses frateruity houses had the comparative lack of le rtle or na aters! support and piles being Srst drivan, the e7lindratare, enfssons of metal or rein. terest in their style. One of the friction, becomes a column and is ers, dropped over greaps of pites. forced concrete have heat, fosted Cardinal fundar.ontal guad subjected to siplar stresses to the ender resting on the bottom, to prition, suk architecture is dit \"the fecade those which columns are subjected and after the exlindars\n\n0:1 prepaved and plac shall express the par- to, and can be calculated as such. position, ing them\n\nare in beds, and filled with stones or son- prae of the building.\" The funda A feree, the concrete filling the spaces imental in move or leva nuylerted personally\" in the architecture of between the piles sed the naise sood supporting soils, in spite of in our semi-derarstic buildings. their homes. Throughout the vo- of the eslinder. By this mean, folical platements to the can-\n\nwith\n\n200-\n\nxk.\n\nCertain ally, ench as sund, are\n\nthe trury, providing they are not do a\n\nMr. Horing shows farther jamo one is coracleas of the au- support is obtained from amusement at the ladies who de there gesuire belief in the files. ne elinder and concrete position in which they can sore,\n\nand pure pemodse styles: atzo, portance and eigalheance of the inside binding thure who insist upon \"expressing Fart.-Christian Science Monitor piles together, serving\n\nthe pa\n\nof and to prevent spreading the elte\n\nthe par- can be enclosed by abeak piling, of\n\ntimber, iron, steel, er reinforced concrete. Sheet pillay, at comple tion, could be described as a box ariere, without top on bottom, enclosing the ground on which. the batting elands.\n\nScrew Piles\n\nThese are main! cylinders with \"screw\" anda, the pile being ra rolved and anteng the soil in a similar way to that of wood screw entering wood.\n\nTheir most frequent use is for light piers where the sea bottom le sand.\n\nHOTELS.\n\nTHE\n\nSOUTH CHINA MORNING POST,\n\nWEDNESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1925.\n\nHOTELS.\n\nHONGKONG\n\nHONGKONG HOTEL; REPULSE BAY HOTEL:\n\nPEAK HOTEL.\n\nTulographie Address: KREMLIN, HONGKONG.”\n\nAND\n\nSHANGHAI\n\nASTOR HOUSE HOTEL: PALACH HOTEL;\n\nKALEE HOTEL; MAJESTIC HOTEL. Telegraphic Address: \"CENTRAL, SHANGHAL.\"\n\nHOTELS,\n\nLIMITED.\n\n43 association with the Grand Hotel des Wagons Lits. Peking,\n\nKOWLOON HOTEL.\n\nTHE PREMIER HOTEL IN KOWLOON, First Class Billiard Room and Satoon Bar.\n\nSHIPPING\n\nSTRIKE SITUATION.\n\nDEARTH OF CHINESE KIVER CARGOES.\n\nArrical and Departures.\n\nJUNG VOYAGERS.\n\nCHRISTIAN COLLEGIANS ARRIVE AT CANTON.\n\nUdging the Searchlights.\n\nNEWS\n\nFRENCH FLAGSHIP.\n\n13\n\nP. & O. BRITISH INDIA, APCAR AND RASTERN & AUSTRALIAN LINES.\n\n(COMPANIZA IRMOTROzed in ENGLAND) STATEO, JAVA ↳ OTTAMA, CREION, INDIA, PENSJAN GAFLF, WHAT IEDARA,\n\nKARTICA, ART & HOVE AFRICA, ANSA RAL-ANIA. INCLEDINU AR\n\nZNALAND & 4URENSLAND POSTA. RED HEA. WIEFT, ZUBOPY, KTO\n\nPENINNITLAR & ORIENTAL FORTNIGHTLY DAVET ROYAL MAIL UTKANADA\n\nSPER CONTRACT WI\n\nH. GYERSNXXT}\n\nIONS PROM TONGKONG ABOUT\n\n20th August.\n\nPENDING CHANGE IN NAVAL NARKUNDA...\n\nKIDDERPORE\n\nJEYPORA\n\nCOMMAND.\n\nKHYBER...........\n\nThe French battleship Jules\n\nNAGPORE\n\nof V140 Farry, ying the faz\n\nTILAWA TALAMBA\n\nTANDA...\n\nThe sixaution in the matter of\n\nAs was exclusively uncunced Admiral Prochos, Commander-in- ocean Donte shipping remains un- in the relature of the S. C. f. Post Ja Phart uime ago, a parts of Sqaadran, arrived yesterday over- sries and clearances varies but Americana left Hongkong toring and anchored in Kowloon ARAFURA\n\ntie. Cargoes are small in quan Canion by two fucks which were Bay as there are at present yo tity and few ju number. For the chartered For the purpose of berthe available in the man of yast fon; weeks shipments of more convering coroat and building war anchorage.\n\nthen\n\nThe usual ma\n\n0.334\n\n105\n\nDESTINATION\n\n42wers & wartorg-\n\n16,237 8th Sept., soon.rition & Fanuch.\n\n5,218\n\n17th Sept.\n\n0.114 19th September.\n\n5,83\n\njeet Soudna, Miles, London,\n\nLaterpell\n\n3465 September. patebay.\n\nBRITISH INDIA-LOCAH BAJURGS INDUTA\n\n10,000 24th September. 3'pore, Pung & Calcutta\n\n18,018 9 October.\n\nEASTENNÉ SUSTRALIAN RATING (SOUTH)\n\n16,9505\n\n8,000!\n\n2nd Sept.\n\nMaa, Sandokat Chnes. Is\n\n7th October Tarifle, B'ban, 'eer, &\n\nMethaurns.\n\nSADAMA win aga quli ni Turbo The 1. 9.3. Cu td. seatures will zien dil; of Shangkhu, B\n\nShaazhki, Dzsin. Debit, Kalam. The Timber Darwin, as her wine wich tho towing\n\nFrogweat conrad An the New Zaki, Tante\n\nas rand_nta\n\nSatan and soudit via Panama Canal.\n\nThe Ure 5.9. Company ateaders to the United Kingoeta 1,000 tons have beys rare, material to the Canton Christina {tional salutics were fired, and sise and now, even the local Chinese College under the leadership of the fing saiule in Vice Admiral whe may usually be depended upon 31r. Crumpton, No information Sinclair. which were duly re- to furnish small freights for river joald be obtained at the time turned. Electric Lift and Telephone to each Floor, Tels. K.608 & K.609. Cable address: KOWLOTEL, Hongkongingle package of cargo was ten who was acting as super Vion Admiral\n\nGnder the Persound Baparvicken and Matogoriană di\n\nFRANK L. COOKE.\n\nProprietor.\n\nKING EDWARD HOTEL. Electric lifts and Lighting. Telephone on each Floor, Hotel Launch Meets All Steamers.\n\nTol. Central No. 370.\n\nTelegraphle Address: \"VICTORIA.\" J. WITCHELL, Manager.\n\nST. GEORGE'S HOUSE. KENNEDY ROAD,\n\nPrivate Hotel, affording Every Comfurt.\n\nLARGE AND OF HARBOUR\n\nAIRY ROOMS. SPLENDID EXCELLENT CUISINE UNDER SUPERVISION OF THE PROPRIETKISS.\n\nLOSSIUS, Proprietress.\n\nFor te suply to\n\nThe only hotel in CANTON\n\ndirectly under European\n\nManagement.\n\nNAGPORE... 5,248\n\nSANJIS TO BHANGHAIR LAYER.\n\n26th August.\n\nHI\n\n......$10,000\n\nShanghai, Moji & Kobe.\n\n4th September. Sbbai, Moji kote. 6th September. Kebe.\n\nì deben re afrasimme wid subtrat in alteration without quiler. Wielan\n\nSTRAWERS. Parede og not mon than 21, x 16. × 7 th, will be prerived as ike Lumping's (not up lo egia on the day previous to unitis\n\nFanburding.\n\nB\n\ncestt, even though the pun la voly ether arough the Acerts The arrival of the dulos Perry KARMALA ......\n\nMac, are showing no Comandate of the Harbour Of is a proliminary to the charge OVET TILAWA design m despatch goods. Pas through which latter place in of the Commander-in-Chiership senzar hookings by the river sail- lucka cleared with no mention of at the squadron. Rear Admiral ings yesterday were good, but not 'pautengere other than Mr. Crnan- Basir is to be the successor of Fruchot, and will sen. ap.\n\nMules Michelet at as early data. 24 hours ending #sam yesterday Information has now been re After the command has been showed o vessels in harthour, of seived which confirms the state turned over, the Jules Ferry will which wery British, with 12 meu then made and this is to the leave for France, the new arrival arrivals and 11 doyartures. Bri- affect that the voyagers have becoming the Bugship in Lish shipping contributed six and reached Carton.\n\ntwo respectively, to these guzes. Warpon was reached at 2 a.. Arrival were the British ships on Sunday morning and taking Empress of Casada from Vancon- advantage of the darkness, the ver and Shanghai with 186 tour of junka alipped in ander the nearch- fouz, amigenium salphate aut Hights which awept the Back mails, Yut Shing from Bangkes Rear, without being detected. with 2,260 tons of rice and general There is no shipping activity\n\nThe\n\nstead,\n\nPARENTS PERTAINI\n\nNOTICE TO MARINERS.\n\nSHANGHAI DECLARED\n\nCHOLERA-INFECTED\n\nPORT.\n\nker\n\nand two bags of mails, Nam Sang in Canton, but sumbers of snail The following notice to muzinera: from Yokohama nt Shanghai boats are fraighting vegetables has been posted at the Harbour with 1,205 tena of general, tonius and produce from outlying die Once, seved by the authorities Revolutionary placards at Canton under date. August 13:\n\nHarbour Notification No. 1 of 1923. Notice is hereby given that the Superintendent of Custome and Representatives of Poreign Con- sale Bodiaz bave declared the port of Shanghai to be infected. AR vessels arriving therefrom either at Pantee or Whangea on and after this date are to be guvern\n\njing dangerous goods (firecrackerstricts. Tel. Central 116.\n\n(and matches) and 359 bags. of fare posted about the city treiting all, Jaining from Poochow and the people to take action agata\n\nforeig oppressore. Amoy with 50 tona ganerai and the mails, Hallie from Sulyon with gates to Alamen ure picketed 3.921 tons of ride and gear and the Chinese side to prevent any three bags of mail, Clearailah conuuunication with the defen Srum Sieganore and Hoi Nam with dore. Contradictory rumours are cur general, one bag of mulls and 200 deck paterpgera. the American reut with regard to the shipping\n\nTHE VICTORIA HOTEL,\n\nSHAMEEN,\n\nGuides\n\nand trips arranged for\n\nand special care\n\ntaken of TOURISTS. Cable Address 1 \"VICTORIA.\"\n\nEMPRESS LODGE.\n\nTel Kowloon. 296. fel. Add: \"presloge.\"\n\n8, Mudy Hoad, Kowloon Up-to-date Residential and Tourist Hotel. Two minutes walk from the Ferry Newly furnished, with latest sanitary bath- Under Barpervision of the Pro- Excellant ralaine.\n\nMom?\n\nprintress.\n\nPor termos apply to Mrs. M. O. MURPHY, Propristress\n\nPALACE HOTEL.\n\nTel. Address \"PALACE.” Tel. Kowiuon No. B.\n\nThres mátutes irom Kowlen Wharf, Ferry Wharf and RawaJ Station, Entirely Bater English Management. Eletele Light and Faus throughout. Every Rovin with Private Bath, Lounge, Bar and Hilliard Rooms. turivalled Cuisine onder the personal supervision of the proprietor. Terma moderate, Special terms to families on appli\n\nJ. T. OXBEREY, Proprietor. tion to:\n\nSTATION HOTEL,\n\nTel. Add: \"Termotel” KOWLOON. Code used a.B.C. 5th. First class aud most up-to-date Residential and Tourist Hotel. Two minutes' walk from Ferry. Moderate Larid and recst axel- lent cuisine auder entirely European tuanagement Monthly and Family rates can be arranged at mest reasonable terms.\n\nAPPLY THE MANAUERESS, Kowloon.\n\nTHE CARLTON HOTEL.\n\nUNDER ENTIRELY NEW MANAGEMENT. Splendidly Situated in the Heart of the European Secilon Convenient to the Ferry and to the Baalucss Centres.\n\nA First Class Besidential and Tourist Hotel with all the Convenienes of Homo. Large Airy Rooms. Hot and Cold Water.\n\nCuisine ander the Immediate Direction of the Proprietress Monthly and Family rates at moderate ternis.\n\nFor tartas upply to Mra M. BLAKE.\n\nTelephone No. C. 812,\n\nNu. 30, Lee House Street,\n\nASTOR HOUSE HOTEL.\n\nTelegraphic address \"ASTOR”\n\nTelephone Contra! 10,\n\n13. Queen's Road Central: A first clase Hotel centrally located, large and airy rODINE, completely renovated and refinished. New Ulzing Room\n\nuidine. Meals a la Carte. Excellent\n\nMouthly Tickets for Fists and Duners. Under entirely new Management,\n\nH. A. VAZ, Nanager.\n\nROGATE.\n\nTel Address \"Rogate\" Kowloon,\n\nTel. 851.\n\n158-160 Austin Read, Kuwloun. Newly furnished. Up-to-date Priests Hotel. Excellent Oni sine. Moderate Term.. tinder personal supervision of the Proprietres\n\n\"ALBANY.\"\n\nResidential Hotel, Nos. 3 & 4 The Albany. Overlooking the Botanical Gardens. Under personal supervision of the Proprietress. Telephone Central 615.\n\nMADAM ASA UTANI.\n\nJAVANESE MASSEUSE. FACE MASSAGE. MASSAGE\n\n25, Wellington Street:\n\nMASSAGE HALL.\n\nMRS. 3. UZUNOVE\n\nHapert Massgeule,\n\n37, Queen's Road Central,\n\nA similar notice has been issued\n\ntaamer West Faralun from Los 10 the port, that gaining most Angeles and Manila with 196 tas iredence being to the edest that by the Excilay Regulations feri of general and President McKinicy to impose a tax of 23,000 or be the authoriting stentsin in\n\nthe Cunninginner of Commerce is the port of Canton. from Manila with 12 tone of\n\nvessels discharging, while 41. general and 10 bags of all, the monopoly has her granted to theviation to that port and Chin- German vereis Piala on Hardessane for a large sum, the x-\n\n(wengizo under date August 12.\n\nJourg and Marilu with 365 tona of\n\nyoueral and six bags of mai, the out of which is not naked. Japanese reasol Osake Mary from\n\nNAVY LAUNCH BLAZE. TWO MEN SENT TO HOSPITAL.\n\nMuch of this stegnation is due Two American seemen, the en-!\n\nCalcutta and Singapore with 320 by the Autenor for Sagapore and tons of general, nails chectical President Kinley and Bevenue products, and 13 bags of mail, the for Shanghai. Chineze ucastor Chung Hing from Kwangeheuwan with 180 tone of the increasing difficulty ofgineer and the electrician of abippers in obtaining export per- U. S. 8. Beaver's speed launch, firewood, vegetables and poultry.\n\nmita for lee, the stonks of which whlen was destroyed by fire at! Departures\n\nin the Colony, are now belevet in the Army and Navy Club landing Departure were the Brish be below is reserve margin. at Maul are now in the Set- vessels Isaching for Amoy, Pru- Another contributing factor berg General Hosptial. The men tecilaus for Shanghai, Japanese appears to be the belfer sung the jare badly burved, according to a Towels Koren Mora for Keelung, Chinese generally that something navy officer interviewed at the Tsuruga Alara For Shanghai, drastic is about to happen either place of the fire.\n\nlein Maru for Tallar Bay and on one side or the other. The\n\nflames completely demolished Jajo Man for Swate, the Datel more credulone point to the con- the high power engine and burned auction dredger G.G. Ideoburg Jucant exercising of seaplanes the inside of the launch, causing (Netherlands Harbour Works) fox and the large number of warships Jamage estimated at $5.00). The Macao, Tisondari for Bhunghai, jad present in harbour, as evidence forigin of the fire le vakowa. the Gormer vernal Pfalz for that the British Government is it was extinguished half an hour, Shanghai, the Chinese coaster about to take action. No amount of Jafter it started.\n\nThe been aboard and the crew Kazura fur drony and the tallat explanation will disillusion them, moter vessel Eaquino for Shang- and thts toeling is permeating the of the launch Genecock I put hal. Clearances were taken out lantize native commercial fabric.\n\nTHE\n\ncut the blaze.\n\nHONGKONG & KHAMPOA DOGK CO., LTD.\n\nTELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS MANIFESTO\", HONGKONG; UndesUsed: A1, A.B.C. Film Edition: Engineering: Fire and Second Edition: Western Union and Watking, Banson's Marcom.\n\nDock Owners, Ship Builders, Marine and Land Engineers, Boiler Makers, Iron and Brass Founders, Forge Masters, Electricians.\n\nOIL TANK STEAMER \"PALUDINA.\"\n\n412, 0′ x 58′ 1′′ x 31′ 0′′ x 3,400 tons Lw. x 3,300 H..\n\nBuilt by THE HONGKONG & WHAMPOA DOCK CO, LTD., at KOWLOON DOCK\n\nso the ordero THE ANGLO SAXON PETROLEUM CO., IND.. being one of fusimilar\n\nVessels built in those WORKS to the same order.\n\nPlease address enquiries to the Chief Manager :-\n\nR. M. DYEE. B SC.. M.IN.A.. Kowloog Dock. Hongkong.\n\nFor Tenage Rates, Unzufbooka, Farizate, may apply że\n\nMACKINNON, MACKENZIE & Co., Alamur\n\nTHE BANK LINE, LTD,\n\nAgents for the following Services.\n\nAMERICAN & ORIENTAL LINE BOSTON, NEW YORK & NEW ORLEANS\n\n1st September.\n\nM.V. \"ELMBANK”-\n\nrta Suez Canai\n\nNEW YORK, BOSTON & BALTIMORE AMERICAN & MANCHURIAN LINE TELLERMAN & HUCKNALL BS. Co., Ltd.) 8,8. \"HALVERNIAN\" via Suez Canal 19th September. 3.S. \"WALTON HALL\"'\n\n7th Oe.ober\n\nUNITED KINGDOM & CONTINENT \"ELLERMAN\" LINE (EILERMAN & BUCKNALL S.S. CO. LTD.)\n\nSth September S.S. KNOWSLEY HALL\" For Marseilles, London, Dunkirk and Hamburg. MODERATE PASSAGE BATES TO MARSEILLES & LONDON\n\nMAURITIUS & SOUTH AFRICA ORIENTAL-AFRICAN LINE\n\nMiddle August.\n\nS.S. SURAT\" Leading for Maurities, Delagea Bay, Durham, East London, Alges Bay. Port Elizabeth, Mossel Bay & Capetown.\n\nThrough Bills of Lading lawned to Betra, Quilimaine, Lio, Port Amelia. Sezambique. Chlude, Iabambane, Zanzibar, Houmassa, Kindlat, Vezi Nellat. Luderitz Bay, Walvis Bay & Madagascar.\n\nAUSTRAL-EAST INDIES LINE. (Ellerman and Bucknall S.S. Co., Ltd.) Sallings from Singapore og 6th of every month by \"City of Palerma or \"Maistine\" to Java, Fremantle, Adelaide, Melbourne nad Sydney, and vice versa. Through Freight and Passenger doakings from flong- tong in conjunction with \"Elterman\" Lice or other services.\n\nFor freight or passage on any of the above lines apply to:-\n\nTel. C. 4791 THE BANK LINE, LTD.\n\nBOSTON, NEW YORK & BALTIMORE.\n\nJOINT SERVICE OF THE\n\n\"BLUE FUNNEL\" LINE. KOCHAN BS, CO, LTD & CHINA MUTUA), S.8. Co., LTD.\n\nAND\n\nAMERICAN & MANCHURIAN LINK.\n\nELLERMAN & BUCKNALL 8.S. CO. LT).\n\nBAILINGS FROM BONOKONG\n\nrie Suez Canal\n\n8.. \"Laomedon\"\n\n6.5. \"Peteus\n\n5.8. \"Haivurnjan\"\n\nB.S. Teneer'\n\n1\n\n26th Augast.\n\n7 September.\n\n19th September.\n\n28th September.\n\nSteamers proceed vis Huer Chant or Panama Cagni st owners' option\n\nSubject to Change without notice.\n\nFor freight and particulses apply to:- BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE, or THE BANK LINE. 19. Bangkang,\n\nHongkong & Canton Jardine Matheson & Co. Ltd.\n\nCat1 du\n\nCOMPANIA TRANSATLANTICA DE BARCELONA Spanish Royal Mail Line For MANILA, SINGAPORE COLOMBO, SUÈL. PORT Sam, BARCELONA & other SPANISH PORTS.\n\n3.8.0. LOPEZ I LOPEZ\"\n\n3.5. ISLA DE PANATU\n\n8.8, LESAZгI\"\n\nBAJ\n\n... for Yokosms, Koba, Koji & Shanghai.\n\nS.8. 187. DE PANAY”\n\n33. \"LEGAZPI\n\n... 3rd September. 2046 Votober.\n\n18th December,\n\n.. 8th Octobe\n\n2. Ja, 1986.\n\n30th Nov.\n\nThe manors of this Company are all eisused 200 41 at Lloyd'e and ar modern cottrenience for the enzufort and safety of sha\n\nEtte with wards and Doctor carrisé.\n\nO. D. BA'RRETTO, LA..\n\nFor freight andjur pannage apply to-\n\nCentral Avenue, B. C. CANTON.\n\nBOTELHO KROS.\n\nAvezzanīra Bailding.\n\nHangkang",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-489N - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12].txt",
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        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 501127,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925",
        "page_number": 154,
        "title": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925",
        "content_text": "152 soldiers took up positions in the houses and behind the pillars supporting the verandahs and continued to fire rapidly. It was inevitable under the circumstances that some unfortunate civilians should suffer - especially from ricochet bullets, but the only date that I have been able to ascertain of a man not in uniform being fired at by the British forces was that of an individual who drew a Mauser pistol from under his clothes.\n\nIn connection with the order given by me to cease fire when I reached our Law's Gun post by the British Bridge, I would draw attention to the service performed by my officer Robert H. Chalmers, Officer #181, Number 3.15613, who ran down our front line under heavy fire and blew the signal for \"cease firing\" continuously until just as he was passing the Victoria Hotel he was hit in both hands and fell into the hotel verandah.\n\nTwo platoons of Indian troops arrived in \"Kharki\" on 25th June and took over that part of the line stretching from the British Bridge to the Western end of the island. They were at first quartered in tents but yesterday they were moved into a convenient house/building of which has just been completed.\n\nThe officer in command assures me that his men are comfortable and happy. Their keenness is very evident.\n\nThe German special police have shown great keenness and energy in carrying out many varied duties besides taking their share in guard duties. Their spirit could be no better.\n\nDemanding officers, officers and Ship's Companies have one and all shown great cheerfulness and devotion to duty. Their health remains good.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 501640,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925",
        "page_number": 667,
        "title": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925",
        "content_text": "658\n\nsome thirty casualties, moon, these being the continuing officer who was severely wounded.\n\nIn the morning of the 17th, so soon as it was obvious that an attack was in progress, I gave orders for the scheme of defence for the concession, which had previously been arranged with the Council and the Naval authorities, to be put into operation. The gates on the back of the Concession and the Bund were closed, a way of communication being kept open by means of the gate at the top of the steps just below the Consulate, an armed party from H.M.S. \"Cockchafer\" was landed, and a warning sent to all foreigners living outside the concession. A number of these came into the Concession and were billeted in various houses and in this Consulate.\n\nIn the morning of the 18th the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, who had taken refuge in the concession, came to see me at my request. I suggested to him the advisability of getting in touch with the incoming troops as it was most important we should know who was in command. He promised he would do this, but later in the day he left for Nanking, on instructions from Wang Ching-wei.\n\nDuring the day small detachments of Russian troops with machine-guns appeared at the western end of the Bund. Finding the gates closed they made their way onto the foreshore and thence back onto the Bund, passing round the gates at the eastern end in the same way, as no attempt was made to force the gates or to do otherwise than pass straight through. I considered that it would be inadvisable to take any drastic steps with a view to preventing the passage of these troops who obviously had very little idea as to where they were. In order, however, to make things clearer...",
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        "document_key": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 398,
        "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "General Tang Shang-chi had been defeated by Marshal Wu's generals and were being driven into the corner of Hunan province, south-east of Heng-chou-fu. The outlook for the Canton Soviet was, therefore, far from bright, the more so as Cheung Kai-shek, who had made himself generalissimo of the Kuang-tung armies, was regarded with jealousy by his subordinate generals and could not rely upon their loyalty.\n\n3.\n\n395\n\nThe position today seems to be very different. The Kuo-min-chun in the north is holding its own with Russian assistance and is still threatening Peking. Those who have all along maintained that oil and vinegar are more likely to mix than are Marshals Tu and Chang to combine in stable alliance seem justified in their scepticism. Marshal Sun Ch'uan-fang continues to maintain neutrality and it is improbable that he will make any move, except in defence of the five provinces which he controls, until he knows whether Bolshevists or anti-Bolshevists will prevail in the present struggle. At the moment he is exhorting both sides to refrain from fighting any longer and appears, himself, to be content with the rich satrapy which he rules. General T'ang Shang-chi has now defeated Marshal Wu's troops and seems to have driven them out of Hunan province. He has occupied Chang-sha and apparently reached Yo-chou on the Yangtze in the extreme north-east of the province. There is even talk now of an advance upon Hankow; and on the 27th July, General Cheung Kai-shek, accompanied by the Russian General Canton Galen, left for the front with the avowed object of taking command of the \"northern punitive expedition\", which aims at the annihilation of Marshals Wu and Chang.\n\n4.\n\nHunan province has on its western border the provinces",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 399,
        "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "396\n\nIsrlural yd boðæsteb need bar ido-gnant gre'T Istenet Tearoo edð aðal nevlıb gnied erew bats alamaneg a'ul edt __01-wodo-gosil to Jams=iltuos «sontvong namuil to Mori mi „erožaradi zaam Jalvoč modasd sdt tot dogítvo obam bar oder Aada-LaX grumɗld as os atom add vårgård mam, se iurze yud-gasul edt to omiasklarenteg Meaniṁ bats alstoneg eðalbrodua aid yď yarolasį, ditu beirurgen .y‡layoi thadi moqu ylar ton blwos .dmere11ib pisy aď od momen yaboð notðisoq adr\n\ndibw nwo sði getbiod at déron sát në muudo-nkm¬oux adT -prise¶ gainetesuit [lita at beta somadaknas nainaufi usjenty bas Ito Jadt beakstolen gools Ils avad ode szoft of gasde bas off alacartell oss nadt min od pleiki ezom sIA -1908 Tiedt ni beiiiðaut mon conallia eldaja ni enidmoo .mioli nistałam od asumiórico grat=m3u'do muß Lasiatră\n\nync sắm IIb on Jadt eldadorquè el di bas y‡llendoen of dolche avontyozq evli odł to soqelah al Sqeoxa istom -idna zo aðalvaria[of meriterte sword on Ikdms „alostnoo JA Jolyurija Juwaong sild ni Ilave'sq Ifkw aðalvedis(08 mori niariar of sable dłoď gektrotlus si si Fresnom geð drednoo eď of Heamisi,azmoqqa bas ragnol yas gaktifzli gra*T [aronet,salmi se dalda qqanina doku odt ili kw aziwa ban aqoond a'ul Iadazali betɛeteb won «ef ido-gradë siquooo sad sH .sontvorg mamuli to two midi movkzh ovať að\n\nezatgnet edd no vodo-of bedoaət ylénezaqqa bus ade-grarl cove at eredi .conivory and to deas-ɗtion snertze edð al «ylul diTS ødt no has ;woánni moqu soneyba na to won List Iztened natanud odd yď bekrampocos dedo-Lax spped) Lazemeð\n\nto Joutdo bewova sdd ddbw dnort add rol\\J\\»I«‡m[[μÐ dolib,\"noitibeqzə əviðinuq arteritzen\" edt 10 brianwoo geilað „grad) beta til aladurali to noitsiliimma ed♪ da mula art tebroď misdaow aði no wi sontvorq meruil\n\nBeontvom\n\nprovinces of Kuei-chou and Saŭ-ch'uan and I attach translation\n\nFielo No. 1of an extract from the Tsun Wan Yat Po of the 24th July,\n\nwhich states that the Sau-ch'uan and Kuei-chou Frontier Defence Army has marched into western Human to join the northern expedition for the punishment of Marshal Wu\". The same article appears also to show that the troops of Kuang-hsi province under General Wong Shiu-hung are actively assisting in this campaign. I have no recent news as to what General T'ang Chi-yao of Yunnan is doing, but he would appear to have contented himself for the present with his proclamation against Bolshevism and not to be taking military action.\n\nOn the other hand there are two items of news, one from Kiang-si province and the other from Fukien province which seem likely to affect Marshal Sun Ch'uan-fang.\n\n5.\n\n(a) In the Teun Wan Yat Po of the 24th July, it is stated that the army under General T'ang Shang-chi occupied Ping-hsiang (*) in Kiang-si on the 18th July. This town is the terminus of the railway branching off from the Canton-Hankow line at Chu-chou in Hunan. I attach a translation of the article in question as well as of a further article\n\nelo No.3. from the Tai Kwong Po of the 30th July.\n\nclo.\n\n(b) I enclose translation of an article in the Tai Kwong Po of the 23rd July which appears to indicate that there has been fighting at the point where the provinces of Kuang-tung, Kiang-si and Fukien meet. Here General Ho Ying-yam (k) is in command of the Cantonese troops and is subordinate to General Cheung Kai-shek, while Chau-Yam-yan (A) and T'ang Yu-teuk (k), the military governors of Fukien and Kiang-si respectively, are subordinate to Marshal Sun Ch'uan-fang. It seems as if these two military governors were concerting measures to hold General Ho Ying-yam in check",
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        "title": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "28\n\nSome appeared to be shoving the Chinese onlookers away, the remainder turned round, faced Shameen and were seen loading their rifles. Then the front rank opened fire straight across the creek at Shameen, the others joined in and instantaneously the firing became intense all the way down as far as I could see. They then scattered in all directions and took up positions behind any available cover in the houses and continued the attack,\n\n\"In a very short space of time I found bullets splashing round the consul-general and myself, so we retreated hurriedly.\n\n\"The Lewis gun detachment stationed overhead (No. 1) observed the firing at us, and bullets were also coming over their sandbag protection. They opened fire on the soldiers; the other Lewis gun detachments on their right were also being peppered and also opened fire.\n\n\"Directly I got up into No. 1 gun's position I ordered 'cease firing' with the intention of avoiding all unnecessary fighting. In the nature of things it was a short time before the further guns and the specials could be stopped. Very little firing really took place on our part.\n\n11\n\nThe soldiers continued firing, sniping from various points of vantage. When they became too accurate and persistent a few rounds of Lewis gun or rifle were dealt out to them, but soon afterwards I ordered all firing to cease unless the enemy became dangerous.\n\n\"After about an hour all firing ceased. Meanwhile, during a comparative lull about a quarter hour after the start, I managed to get to my headquarters at the consulate.\n\n\"On the left of the British bridge only a few rounds were fired by us, it being necessary to deal with some snipers in the buildings opposite.\n\n\"Similar action was taken by the French in their part of the island.\n\n\"One naval rating, Petty Officer Robert M. Chalmers, official No. J.15613, was wounded in the hand, and three civilians, one fairly seriously, the others slightly.\n\n\"In the French concession one civilian was killed and one wounded.\n\nThree Japanese civilians were wounded, one of whom was close to one of our Lewis gun positions before we opened fire.\n\n\"I have no doubt myself, and all evidence confirms the opinion, that this was a deliberate 'incident' engineered by a section of the local Government.\n\n\"I understand the Chinese casualties were roughly thirty killed and seventy wounded.\n\nC\n\nOne bullet pierced the water-tank and reduced the water supply until the damage can be repaired.\n\n\"The defence forces remained on duty till 6 o'clock this morning, when the specials were withdrawn; the naval parties remain at their posts.\n\n\"The enormous handicap Shameen suffers under from defence and communication points of view were very evident. To communicate or pass from one block to another means crossing a bullet-swept street. Bullets were also coming down Central Avenue from the French bridge end. Some telephone communication was fixed up, but is not very satisfactory, there being no exchange on the island.\n\n\"The Chinese authorities have written accusing us and the French of deliberately creating this incident. In these circumstances the danger of further attacks is very prominent. I have therefore to-day asked for troops to be sent up.\n\n\"The number of men available from the gunboats is not sufficient to keep our lines manned for more than a day or two without relief.\n\n\"We are also running the water-works and freezing installation, and the danger of attack from the water side must be guarded against.\n\n\"Further report will be made when details are available.\n\n\"Sir,\n\nI have, &c.\n\n\"M. MAXWELL SCOTT, Commander.\n\n\"S.N.O., West River.\"\n\n\"Commander Scott to Commodore, Hong Kong.\n\n\"H.M.S. Tarantula,' at Canton, June 30, 1925.\n\n\"I have the honour, in continuation of my letter of the 24th June, 1925, to report that there is no doubt that the soldiers who started the firing belonged to that section of the Cantonese army trained by Russians at the military academy\n\n29\n\nof Whampoa. Full of confidence engendered by their easy victories over Chen Cheng Ming's troops and the Yunnanese army, they may have readily thought that they could take Shameen. In any case, there is no doubt that they had expressed that intention on the previous day.\n\n\"His Britannic Majesty's consul-general is, however, willing to believe that the local Government were not directly cognizant of their intentions.\n\n\"Whether or no their attack was meant seriously or merely to create an 'incident' it is impossible to say, but, if the former, it is providential that it took place before the whole Shakee Creek was lined with troops. The creek had so many sampans alongside the Chinese side and the tide was at such a height that a determined rush would have probably succeeded in getting many men into Shameen and through our defence line.\n\n\"The number of casualties on the Chinese side is stated to be thirty-seven killed, including one woman and one teacher and four students of the Canton Christian College, and eighty wounded.\n\n\"After firing the first few volleys the soldiers took up positions of vantage in the houses and behind the pillars supporting the verandahs and continued to fire rapidly. It is inevitable under the circumstances that some unfortunate civilians should suffer, especially from ricochet bullets, but the only case that I have been able to ascertain of a man not in uniform being fired at by the British forces was that of an individual who drew a Mauser pistol from under his clothes.\n\n\"In connection with the order given by me to cease firing when I reached our Lewis-gun post by the British bridge, I would draw attention to the service performed by Petty Officer Robert M. Chalmers, official No. J.15613, who ran down our front line under heavy fire and blew the signal for 'cease fire' continuously until, just as he was passing the Victoria Hotel, he was hit in both hands and fell into the hotel verandah.\n\n\"Two platoons of Indian troops arrived in Shameen on the 25th June and took over that part of the line stretching from the British bridge to the western end of the island. They were at first quartered in tents, but yesterday they were moved into a convenient house, the building of which has just been completed.\n\n\"The officer in command assures me that his men are comfortable and happy. Their keenness is very evident.\n\n\"The Shameen special police have shown great keenness and energy in carrying out many\n\nvaried duties besides taking their share in guard duties; their spirit\n\ncould be no better.\n\n\"Commanding officers, officers and ship's companies have one and all shown great cheeriness and devotion to duty. Their health remains good.\n\n\"The leak in the water-tank has been temporarily plugged, and I have taken the precaution of filling the swimming bath, which now holds 90,000 gallons of drinking water.\n\n\"Informal conversations are being carried on through the good offices of the American and German consuls-general and other neutrals, and the atmosphere is less tense.\n\n\"No soldiers have lately been observed in the vicinity of Shameen.\n\n\"The custom-house was partially reopened on the 29th June; this should tend to ease the situation.\n\n\"His Britannic Majesty's consul-general has assured the neutral mediators that there is no intention of bringing up more troops; for this reason I have stopped the R.E. detachment from landing.\n\n\"I have, &c.\n\nANNEX VI.\n\n\"M. MAXWELL SCOTT, Commander,\n\n\"S.N.O., West River.\"\n\n[F3473/194/10]\n\nConsul-General Jamieson to Mr. Austen Chamberlain (Received July 28.) (No. 5.)\n\nSir,\n\nCanton, June 25, 1925. WITH reference to the local political situation, I have the honour to enclose herewith, for your information, copies of my despatches Nos. 46 and 47 of to-day's date to His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires, Peking.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nJ. W. JAMIESON.\n\n509",
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        "content_text": "54\n\nfaith:ful workers to carry out their plans. It has outside support. This is the strong force against Christianity in Canton.\n\nOne can see from all this that the degree of opposition towards Christianity varies a great deal among the forces at work in Canton. For example, in the last anti-Christian campaign all these forces participated, but from different motives and with different methods.\n\nSome employed silent resistance and some used aggressive measures.\n\nForces working against each other.\n\nFurthermore, on many questions these groups are working against each other. In regard to class war, for example, the Communist party stands almost alone against the rest. The Young China Society attacks Communism more bitterly than it does Christianity. The Communist party is meeting opposition everywhere in China, especially among the intellectuals. The Communist party is by no means having an easy time in Canton, although Canton gives the Communist party great freedom of action. It finds opposition everywhere. Recently one of the important Kuomintang leaders, Dr. Tai Kwa To, in his pamphlet \"People's Revolution and the Kuomintang\" denounced the Communists in many respects, and he has had the support of many Kuomintang members. The New Student Society is now a Communist organisation. It used to control the Student Union in Canton, but was defeated in the election last year. The People's Right Society has been a force working against Communism. The Communist party has found strong opposition among the merchants, and even within the labour organisations. When Dr. Ward and the writer met some of the strong labour leaders last April, they were told by them very frankly that China had no place for Communism. One of the largest labour unions forbade its members to participate in the last May-day demonstration with the Communists. In a demonstration last June, the students refused to walk side by side with the Communists. However, the Communists have worked hard day by day to win the people. They have disorganised, reorganised, and organised, and they are advancing every day.\n\nWe Christian workers should know now who are against us and who are not. Of all the forces working against us, we should recognise the different principles and methods. On certain questions, we should know further that we are not standing alone. Many are sympathetic and working with us.\n\nPatriotic Movement.\n\nAfter knowing the forces at work and how they differ from each other, we shall understand the background of the patriotic movement in Canton. The unsettled condition of the country, together with the unjust attitude of the foreign Powers, have aroused the patriotic alarm of the Chinese people, especially the students throughout the country and the workmen in Canton particularly. Since the student movement of the 4th May, 1919, and the renaissance movement, we have witnessed many patriotic nation-wide movements. Even the movement for Chinese control of mission education and the anti-Christian movement itself may be looked upon as a further expression of this patriotic spirit. One movement followed another until the Shanghai, Hankow, and Canton sad incidents, when the patriotic spirit blazed over the whole country, reaching every class of people. As one missionary puts it, to-day in China \"It is war-war for national honour; war for national rights; war for the preservation of the race and of the nation; war against brutality and injustice.\" Many Chinese Christians showed a proper spirit of patriotism-even the Communists gave them credit for it.\n\nBefore 1900, the Chinese people resented the aggressive and oppressive foreigners; after that, Chinese were afraid of foreigners. It was not until the beginning of the student movement on the 4th May, 1919, called forth by the disappointment at the results of the Peace Conference at Paris, that the patriotic spirit rose up again. It is felt everywhere in China to-day. The political parties have done a good deal in rousing this spirit, but foreign oppression, together with the success of Russia and Turkey in their dealing with foreign Powers, have also inspired the Chinese patriots very much.\n\nThis spirit of patriotism is deeply rooted in the hearts of the Chinese. If one does not make a clear distinction between this patriotic movement and the progress of Communism, it is a great mistake. If one classifies all the recent patriotic movements as \"Red campaigns,\" or if one were to declare that the \"Reds\" have engineered all the patriotic movements, this would be attributing too much to them. It might even drive non-Communists to become Communists; it would at least make the Communists laugh at our ignorance.\n\n55\n\nWhat should Chinese Christians do under this Spirit of Patriotism?\n\nIt seems to the writer that nothing can stand against this great patriotic movement in China to-day. If Christian work is to continue, it should not try to oppose it. Under these conditions, what should the position of Chinese Christians be? It has been observed that throughout China, practically all the Chinese Christian leaders stood by the patriotic movement. Some may not have approved of all its methods or procedures, but we were all in sympathy with its spirit. Christians from now on should go one step further.\n\nWe should be enquiring of ourselves whether or not we are doing our part for the country, for the Chinese people. We should rely no more on the protection of the unequal treaties through our foreign missionaries. We must do our best to help to get rid of the unequal treaties, for they are against Christian principles.\n\nOther forces are labouring for the good of the working-class and the youth of the country, as Christian organisations have done in the past. We should emphasise these forms of works, or we shall lose our hold upon these classes.\n\nThere is a feeling among many Chinese workers in foreign-controlled Christian institutions that they are merely employees of foreigners. This conception should be changed. The first responsibility to work for the Chinese should be laid upon us Chinese. Foreign missionaries should be helpers only. Unless this idea is well established in our minds, advocating Chinese control of mission education is useless.\n\nLast of all, we should stand firm against materialism and class-war; we must put forth our belief in co-operation and brotherhood in industry. We should stand firm against the narrow idea of strict nationalism, although it is very popular these days, and do our best to lead our country to be strong in the family of nations. Nationalism has led the Western countries into war after war. We must stand for world brotherhood, equal treatment, and world peace.\n\nNow, what should the foreign missionaries do? This is a difficult question for them to solve. It is not for the writer to make any suggestions on this head.\n\nThe foregoing paper deals chiefly with conditions in Canton. Canton is very different from the rest of China. People are aggressive here, and Christian workers must also be aggressive if they are to succeed in the future of Christian work in Canton.\n\nCanton, November 9, 1925.\n\nANNEX XVI.\n\nTwo Despatches from the Governor of Hong Kong describing the Events leading up to and connected with the Visit of the Colonial Secretary, Hong Kong, to Canton in December 1925.\n\n(1)\n\nSir C. Clementi to Mr. Amery.\n\nGovernment House,\n\n(Secret.) Sir,\n\nHong Kong, December 23, 1925.\n\nWHEN I arrived here on the 1st November, I made it my chief duty to inform myself at once as to the political situation in China generally, and at Canton in particular. On the 6th November, I exchanged visits of ceremony with Admiral Li Ching-hsi, who is in command of the Chinese cruiser squadron in these waters, and whose flagship is the Hai Yung. Since then, I have met him informally on several occasions. He stated that he was under the orders of Admiral Yang, whom I have not yet seen, and whose headquarters appear to be at Shanghai. I asked Admiral Li to tell me from whom Admiral Yang gets his orders, and he replied vaguely: \"From the Minister of Marine, at Peking\"; but he subsequently informed me that the Minister of Marine \"had run away,\" and I infer that the Chinese navy is now a law unto itself. However, Admiral Li, upon whose instructions I do not know, regards the present de facto Government at Canton as a rebel Government, and he considers himself to be at war with it. He accordingly maintained until recently a cruiser patrol at the mouth of the West River, with the object of preventing arms and ammunition from reaching the Canton Government, and he also made it his business to prevent the Cantonese Red army from crossing the Hainan Strait and occupying Hoihau, which is one of the sources of this colony's meat supply.\n\nHe has, however, now left for Shanghai, and has withdrawn all\n\n522",
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        "content_text": "access to the sea, Marshal Feng had to rely for his supplies of arms and ammunition on his Soviet neighbours. These supplies, which consisted chiefly of rifles, machine guns and small arms ammunition made in Austria (Czechoslovakia) during the war, reached the Kalgan Suiyuan Railway after being transported across Mongolia by camel-back and motor car from the Siberian Railway, via Verkhne-Udinsk, Kiakhta and Urga.\n\n7. For their part, the commanders of the Second and Third Kuomin Armies did not long remain idle. In March General Hu Ching-yi (Military Governor of Honan Province and General Officer Commanding the Second Kuomin Army) obtained control over the whole of Honan by driving out of the western part of the province certain Shensi troops, who, under the command of General Han Yu-k'un (a subordinate of the Tupan of Shensi) had occupied Loyang and Kunghsien (where Wu Pei-fu's old arsenal was situated). This movement was expected to precipitate a conflict between Marshals Chang Tso-lin and Feng Yü-hsiang by leading to the intervention of the former in Honan, but the death of General Hu Ching-yi on the 11th April relieved the situation temporarily, although Marshal Chang, as stated above, extended his influence along the Peking-Hankow Railway to Paoting-fu. It was generally thought that General Sun Yüeh, who had been forced to retire from Paoting-fu into Honan, would be appointed by the Central Government to succeed General Hu Ching-yi as Military Governor of Honan, but after some delay the post was given to General Yüeh Wei-chün, commanding the Second Division of General Hu's army. General Sun Yüeh was appointed Civil Governor of the province and Bandit Suppressor of the Provinces of Honan, Shensi and Kansu. This post did not satisfy him, and he retired for some time, nominally on the ground of ill-health, but really to make preparations for the invasion of Shensi.\n\n8. The tension between Marshals Chang Tso-lin and Feng Yü-hsiang had, by the middle of May, reached a point where a rupture seemed inevitable, and the former actually delivered an ultimatum to his rival, calling upon him to withdraw his troops from the capital. A resort to arms was avoided by a compromise, and at one time it even seemed possible that the two military leaders would sink their differences and make common cause against Great Britain in the campaign of furious denunciation that arose out of the Shanghai riots of the 30th May. Fortunately for British subjects in North China, Marshal Chang, who had arrived at Tien-tsin on the 29th May, viewed with deep aversion the activities of the agents of the Soviet, who eagerly offered to Marshal Feng their aid in men and money in effecting his declared intention of driving the British out of China. During the next two months, as the uproar grew louder and louder after the shooting incidents at Hankow (the 11th June) and Canton (the 23rd June), Marshal Chang made insistent overtures to His Majesty's Legation in the hope of obtaining a promise of support from His Majesty's Government in the event of his attacking Feng Yü-hsiang. Unable to obtain any such promise, he returned to Mukden on the 23rd July, fretting at the growing power of his rival.\n\n9. He had reason to be apprehensive, for a well-marked consolidation of the power of Marshal Feng and his allies was taking place. General Sun Yüeh, commanding the Third Kuomin Army, threw off the mask of retirement and boldly invaded the Province of Shensi, occupied the capital of the province, drove out the Military Governor, and, by the middle of August, was in control of the whole province. The Central Government, whose authority had been thus openly flouted, made the best of a bad business by officially appointing General Sun Yüeh on the 29th August Military Governor of the province. On the same day Marshal Feng was appointed Military Governor of Kansu and confirmed in the appointment of Tupan of North-West Frontier Defence. Thus, by the end of August, the Kuomin army commanders occupied the Peking-Kalgan-Suiyuan-Paotou Railway, and part of the Peking-Hankow Railway, and were in nominal control of the Province of Kansu and of the vast regions of the north-west, as well as being in actual control of the Provinces of Shensi and Honan; while the Mukden army occupied the railway from Mukden to Shanghai, in addition to the Three East Provinces of Manchuria, and controlled most of the Provinces of Chihli, Shantung, Anhui and Kiangsu. In the last named province, General Lu Yung-hsiang, who, though a mere cypher, had retained the title of Military Governor, was definitely succeeded in the post at the end of August by Marshal Chang Tso-lin's chief of staff, General Yang Yu-t'ing.\n\n10. By this time disturbing rumours had been reaching Peking of the formation at Wuchang (Hankow) at the end of July of a secret defensive alliance of several provinces of Central and South-West China under the leadership of Marshal Wu Pei-fu, followed by a conference of military leaders at Chikungshan, in the south of Honan Province. These rumours, following as they did representations made to the Central Government by the leaders of the Chihli party, Generals Sun Chuan-fang (Tupan of Chekiang), Chou Yin-jen (Tupan of Fukien), and Hsiao Yao-nan (Tupan of Hupei), urging the release of ex-President Ts'ao K'un from custody, caused the Government no little anxiety. Marshal Wu Pei-fu, since his defeat in the autumn of 1924 by Chang Tso-lin aided by the treachery of Feng Yü-hsiang, had been living in retirement at Yochow (in the north-east of Hunan) on the Yang-tsze River, where he had been visited by a constant stream of politicians; and it was known that he contemplated returning to the political arena as soon as a suitable opportunity should present itself. Such an opportunity came sooner than was expected. General Sun Ch'uan-fang (Chihli party), Military Governor of Chekiang Province, whose troops occupied some important points in Kiangsu, south of Shanghai, had long been chafing under the advance of Fengtien troops into that neighbourhood. To meet the menace created by the continued arrival of reinforcements from Manchuria, who were distributed in the province south of the Yang-tsze, he made counter-preparations by moving up troops from Chekiang Province. The situation was hardly improved when, by a presidential mandate, dated the 29th August, General Yang Yu-t'ing was appointed Military Governor of Kiangsu, and another Fengtien general was appointed Military Governor of Anhui. For a short time General Sun made some pretence of welcoming the appointment of General Yang, who had been one of his schoolmates, but it was obvious that their relations were strained, and the Chief Executive sent emissaries not only to Sun and Yang, but to the Military Governors of Honan and Hupei in the hope that an open breach between Chihli and Fengtien might be avoided. Whatever chance there was of avoiding such a breach disappeared when the Government, on the 7th October, issued an order for the arrest of four prominent politicians of the Chihli party on a charge of unlawful conspiracy to overthrow the Government. General Sun's troops were at once mobilised, and, on the 16th October, occupied Shanghai, from which the troops of General Yang Yü-t'ing, who appears to have been prepared for this move, withdrew in haste. (See \"Civil War section of this report.)\n\nSouth China.\n\n11. South and South-West China suffered throughout the year from armed strife, from which the governing party at Canton emerged victorious. On the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen at Peking, on the 12th March, the control of the Kuomintang régime at Canton was vested in a committee of five, of whom the Acting Generalissimo, General Hu Han-min, was made president. Their policy was declared to be that already formulated by their late leader and embodied in a document referred to as his political will or testament to co-operate with those nations that treat China as an equal, to secure for the Chinese people freedom, and equality with other nations, and to hasten the summoning of a genuine People's Conference in order to effect among other things, the abrogation of all unfair treaties. The employment in Government posts of Soviet agents, of whom the most notorious was Borodin, and of a number of Germans and Russians in various advisory positions in the Canton municipality and in other offices, was part of this policy. The only serious opponent of the Government at Canton, General Ch'en Chiung-ming, was driven out of the province after two campaigns.\n\n12. His first attempt during the year to advance on Canton was made at the end of January. His troops, who had remained inactive for some months along the Canton-Kowloon Railway, opened the offensive at the end of January. They were met on the 4th February by a counter-offensive, losing Sheklung on the same day, and the whole of the Canton-Kowloon Railway, as far as the Hong Kong border, by the 11th February. Advancing eastwards, the troops from Canton took Tamshui on the 14th February, invested Waichow, and, on the 27th, secured command of the sea-coast by the occupation of Swabue. In the middle of March Swatow itself was occupied. General Ch'en fled to Amoy, and his troops were dispersed to the Kuang-tung Fukien border. A diversion, presumably intended to be in Ch'en's favour, was attempted in Kuangsi at the end of January, but also ended in failure.\n\n13. Meanwhile, General Tang Chi-yao, Military Governor of Yunnan Province, who, in October 1924, had been offered by Sun Yat-sen the post of Vice-generalissimo of the Kuomintang forces, was attempting to assert his claim to the",
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        "id": 505945,
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        "document_key": "CO129-498-12 Recommendations to strengthen defences against overseas attack 17-2-1926 - 17-2-1926",
        "page_number": 8,
        "title": "CO129-498-12 Recommendations to strengthen defences against overseas attack 17-2-1926 - 17-2-1926",
        "content_text": "## \n3. \n\n4. \n\n5. \n\nplace as a Naval Base if the enemy were in possession of the mainland, would serve to prevent the enemy using the Harbour himself.\n\n(c) Under normal conditions there would be, at present, no air forces acting in the defence.\n\nIn these circumstances, it appears to us that unless and until additional Naval, Military and Air Forces can be allotted to the Defence, the plan for this should be based on the retention of the Island at all costs, operations on the mainland being limited to such delaying action as could be profitably carried out without seriously weakening the forces available for attaining this object.\n\nTo enable the harbour to be protected so that we could use it ourselves the following forces would be necessary-\n\n(a) Naval forces sufficient to make the enemy attempt no serious landing nearer than the Western shores of Bias Bay.\n\n(b) Military forces amounting in all to about 4 Battalions Infantry, 1200 Artillery, and other troops double in proportion, i.e. nearly the present garrison.\n\n(c) Air Forces as explained in Appendix 'B' to this memorandum.\n\nIt should, however, be clearly understood that unless the Naval forces mentioned in (a) can be provided, no reasonable Military or Air Force can be of any use.\n\nAppendices 'A' and 'B', with which we agree, examine the situation from the Military and Air Force points of view, in some detail.\n\n## \n6 \n\nPage 6.\n\n4.18 \n\nIf the views expressed in this memorandum are accepted, there appear to be only two alternatives, viz. either to increase the defence forces, or to acknowledge the fact that in the event of an overseas attack, the place would not for long be usable as a Base for the British fleet.\n\nPage 9 \n\n## **SECRET**. Appendix 'A' \n\n### DEFENCE OF HONGKONG AGAINST AN ATTACK BY AN OVERSEAS ENEMY.\n\n**APPRECIATION** of the situation as it actually exists in 1926 from a Military point of view.\n\n### 1. The Object of the Defence.\n\nThe first object of the defence of Hongkong is to hold it intact for use as a British Naval Base, when required.\n\nThe second object of the defence, to be aimed at if the first cannot be attained, is to prevent the enemy using the place as a Naval Base himself.\n\nThe third object of the defence is to ensure that those resources of Hongkong, which would make it valuable to the enemy as a Naval Base, shall, as far as possible, be destroyed before it is captured.\n\n### 2. Factors affecting the attainment of these Objects.\n\n(a) Strength of the Defence Forces.\n\n(i) The Naval Forces allotted to the Defence of the place are as follows:- \n1 Flotilla Submarines.\n4 Sloops.\n5 River Gun Boats.\n\n(ii) The military forces amount in peace to 3,000 regular troops, (vide app. 'A'); and 600 Volunteers. It is estimated that in emergency, they could be expanded as shown in Appendix 'A.1'.\n\n(iii) There are no Air Forces.\n\n(iv) There are no mines, and it has been ruled that the Washington Treaty does not allow mines to be kept at Hongkong. While it might be possible for some to be kept at Singapore, for use at Hongkong when emergency arose, there are none there at present. If there were, then it might not be possible for them to arrive, and be laid in time to be of any use. Moreover, even if they were laid they would require protection which could only be provided by Naval forces which are not available.\n\n(b) Strength of the attacking forces.\n\nThe Naval Forces available for the attack would probably be enough to gain and, until the arrival of the British Fleet, to hold almost complete local command.\n\nPage 10",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-498-12 Recommendations to strengthen defences against overseas attack 17-2-1926 - 17-2-1926",
        "page_number": 13,
        "title": "CO129-498-12 Recommendations to strengthen defences against overseas attack 17-2-1926 - 17-2-1926",
        "content_text": "## (i) Fixed Armament\n\nThe guns is, however, much less than that of modern ships' guns, and there is a large extent of water, within their range, which they cannot cover with observed fire, under existing conditions. (See map) They could not, therefore, prevent the enemy bombarding the harbour, if he wished to do so.\n\n## (ii) Movable\n\nThis consists of pack, field, and medium artillery.\n\nIn the event of an attack both by land and sea, the fixed and movable artillery could be manned with the existing artillery personnel in the following manner:-\n\n### Fixed Armament\n\n| Fire Command | 9.2 | 6 | 4.7 | 2 | 3 | Total |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Eastern Fire Command |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|   Manned |  |  |  | 2 | 3 |  |\n|   In reserve (not manned) | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Western Fire Command |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|   Manned |  | 4 | 2 |  |  |  |\n|   In reserve (not manned) | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |\n| **Total guns manned** |  |  |  | 4 |  | 12 |\n| **Total guns in reserve** | 4 |  |  |  |  | 4 |\n\n### Movable Armament\n\n| Type | 4.5\" | 3.7\" | How | pr | Hor | Total |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|   Manned | 18 |  |  | 4 |  |  |\n|   In reserve (not manned) | 42 | 4 | 8 | 42 |  |  |\n| **Totals** | 60 | 4 | 8 | 46 |  |  |\n\n## (a) (b) Courses of action open to the enemy\n\nThe enemy might try, by long range naval bombardment, to induce the place to surrender. To this there could be no reply by the Garrison, and it might do much damage.\n\nIn view, however, of the expenditure of ammunition which would be necessary, the wear and tear of the ships' guns, and of the fact that long range bombardment should not, by itself, bring about the surrender of the place, it does not seem likely that the enemy would rely on this course of action to attain his object.\n\nHe might land at several places, on the Island and Mainland, at the same time, and advance by several routes to his objective. There appear to be no means by which this could be prevented. The Naval Defence Forces are too small to interfere seriously with landing operations. The land defence forces can only guard a few of the numerous and widely separated landing places; and are too weak to offer much resistance to the advance of a force, once it had landed. Moreover...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "page_number": 165,
        "title": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "content_text": "# \n2 \n\nOf the enclosed area four-fifths at the western end has been appropriated to the British Government, and one-fifth at the eastern end to that of France. \n\nBesides the Consular offices, there is a church, library, reading rooms, &c. The estimated foreign population of Canton is 700, most of whom reside in Shameen. There are about 150 British subjects resident in Shameen and about 83 living outside, distributed in the city of Canton and suburbs on both sides of the river. The two stone bridges referred to above are still standing. The canal is very muddy, usually contains three or four feet of water, and is not considered to be easily fordable. Usually, however, it is full of sampans and other craft. We are informed by the late Commodore, Hong Kong, that the canal can be easily cleared, and that replacement of the craft can be prevented by stationing gunboats so as to enfilade the waterway and the buildings bordering on it.\n\n## Present Defences \n\n5. The whole of the canal front at Shameen, including the two bridges, is at present protected by barbed wire along its whole length, and the French have two field guns in their concession.\n\nThere are five British gunboats now stationed at Shameen. Three of these are the Insect class (each carrying two 6-inch guns and one 3-inch gun). The remaining two are the Moorhen and Robin, ships of a smaller class, drawing only two feet of water. The speed of the latter is between seven and eight knots.\n\n## Routes of Evacuation \n\n6. The main communication between Hong Kong and Canton is by the Canton River. This is heavily fortified, and divided for defence into three sections. The Lower Section comprises Sha-Kek, Tai-Kok-Tao and Pou-chao. The Centre Section comprises A-neung-hoi, Sheng-wang-t'ong and Ha-wang-tong. \n\nThe Upper Section comprises Danes Island, Yu-chu and Sha-lou. The number of guns is: \n| Section | 24 cm | 21 cm | 15 cm | 13.8 cm | 10 cm |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Lower Section |  | 13 |  | 10 | 23 |\n| Centre Section |  |  | 5 | 6 | 6 |\n| Upper Section |  |  |  |  |  |\n\nThe armament is known to be very antiquated, and we have no information as to the amount of ammunition that may be available or as to the proficiency of the gun crews. We know, however, that in August last the forts on Danes Island carried out some target practice, and we have reason to believe that last year the Canton Government were trying to obtain ammunition and contact mines, in addition to aircraft, from abroad. Even if the crews are comparatively untrained and the ammunition is limited, the forts must constitute a certain menace to passing ships in view of the narrowness of the river.\n\nAs already stated in our previous report (`Paper No. C.O.S. 60`), communication is possible at any time of the year with Shameen by routes (such as Moneypenny Creek) which avoid the defended channel.\n\n33 \n\nWe are informed that the three gunboats of the **Insect class** draw too much water to be able to negotiate these alternative routes at the present time of the year. Special arrangements would, therefore, be necessary for their early withdrawal by the main channel. The smaller gunboats and sampans, which would have to be used in finally evacuating the concession, would have no navigational difficulty in negotiating these creeks. These routes, however, are narrow in some parts and pass through a densely populated district, though in the past the inhabitants have been well disposed towards us. All risk of interference with the final evacuation of the concession cannot, therefore, be precluded. We feel bound to warn the Committee of Imperial Defence of this risk.\n\n## Possibility of Defending the Concession \n\n7. Rear-Admiral Stirling confirmed the views of the local authorities at Hong Kong, which we accepted in our last report, that it should be possible to defend Shameen against the mob with the naval and military resources available at Hong Kong, but he suggested the advisability not only of withdrawing Europeans now residing outside the concession to the Island of Shameen, but also of evacuating all non-combatants at an early stage. He informed us that such persons could be evacuated down the main stream to a point clear of danger from the shore within five hours. We concur in this view, and consider that the man on the spot should be left to decide when indications of impending mob violence render evacuation of non-combatants advisable.\n\nThe evidence of Rear-Admiral Stirling also confirmed our previously expressed view that we cannot expect, with or without the co-operation of the French, to hold out indefinitely against serious attack by the Cantonese troops with the forces likely to be available for the defence of Shameen. It has, however, inclined us to the opinion that offensive action by aircraft, or even the threat of it, which we deal with in more detail below, might well have the result of preventing organised attack on the concessions.\n\n## Bombing and Blockade of Canton \n\n8. In our previous Report we stated that, in our opinion, the threat which the Acting Consul-General, Canton, proposed to make to the local Chinese General, if translated into action, would be calculated to precipitate hostilities and might hasten the crisis at Shanghai. The latest decision of His Majesty's Government, quoted in paragraph 1 of this Report, alters the position.\n\n9. We were particularly impressed by the evidence of Rear-Admiral Stirling on the susceptibility of the Chinese to threats, particularly if these are backed up by evidence of strength. To illustrate this he informed us that in August last certain strike pickets holding British wharves at Canton were told that, if they did not evacuate them at once, we would sink their strike picket boats. The next morning it was found that the pickets had gone, the picket boats had been removed to a point some 10 miles down the river, an enclosure had been roped in round the wharves and police were stationed to keep the strike pickets out. Since then neither the pickets nor the boats have returned.\n\n10. Rear-Admiral Stirling held the view that the threat to bomb or shell vital points in Canton, and finally to blockade the city, particularly if followed at once by some demonstration of force (e.g., the appearance of aircraft), would have a considerable deterrent effect on the Cantonese, and that the effect of actual bombing or shelling would in all probability be enormous. He also suggested action by aircraft to cover an evacuation if and when this should prove necessary.\n\n11. In view of this decided expression of opinion by an officer possessing considerable local knowledge, we are now disposed to agree to a threat being conveyed by the Consul-General to the Chinese General in Command of the forces at Canton. We suggest, however, that the threat should be couched in vague though decided terms, no actual mention being made of bombing by aircraft or shelling. In order that the greatest possible effect should be derived from the conveyance of this threat to the Chinese, we recommend that discretion should be given to the Acting Consul-General in concert with the Commodore at Hong Kong to arrange for a demonstration over Canton of as many British aircraft as possible at the moment that the communication is being made.\n\n12. In the opinion of Rear-Admiral Stirling a blockade of Canton would have a considerable effect on the Cantonese Government. We therefore recommend that a blockade should be included in the measures to be approved if an attack on Shameen takes place. In this connection we note from a recent telegram that the French are also prepared to undertake such a measure.\n\n## Use of Aircraft \n\n13. The naval aircraft at present available at Hong Kong can reach Canton, but the range and carrying capacity will be considerably curtailed if the use of a land aerodrome is not permitted.\n\nHitherto, aircraft has not been permitted to operate from the Kowloon Aerodrome, which is ready for use, in view of possible objections that might be taken by other signatories to the Washington Agreement. We would suggest, however, that as the use of aircraft is now contemplated only against the Chinese and not in connection with the coast defences, this restriction should be removed. The amount of air pressure that could be brought to bear on Canton would be greatly increased if some of the aircraft at present provided with floats were refitted with land under-carriages.\n\n181",
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    {
        "id": 513053,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-507-6 China- position of Hong Kong New Territories 8-9-1928 - 17-11-1928",
        "page_number": 15,
        "title": "CO129-507-6 China- position of Hong Kong New Territories 8-9-1928 - 17-11-1928",
        "content_text": "8. Much intrigue is evidently going on, but the local aspects of it are merely reflections of the manoeuvres in progress at Nanking, and the future of the province is bound up with the success or failure of the Nationalist leaders in securing some sort of unity under a Central Government.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nDear Brenan,\n\nEnclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nJ. F. BRENAN.\n\nMajor-General Luard to Acting Consul-General Brenan.\n\nHeadquarters, South China Command,\n\nHong Kong, August 24, 1928.\n\nI AM enclosing a copy of a letter I have to-day sent to his Excellency, the Officer Administering the Government, Hong Kong.\n\nAs regards arms in Shameen, I understand that the Canton authorities are contemplating obtaining permission from the foreign consuls to make a search.\n\nI should be interested to have any comments you may care to make on the situation generally, and whether you can contradict or corroborate the news contained in the attached letter.\n\nI propose coming to Canton with Hanna to have a look at things and to have a talk with you on Monday next—leave here Sunday-night boat. I shall be busy with detachment early, but will come and see you about midday, if that will suit.\n\nYours sincerely,\n\nC. C. LUARD.\n\nEnclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\nActing Consul-General Brenan to Major-General Luard.\n\nDear General,\n\nCanton, August 28, 1928.\n\nI HAD the pleasure of discussing with you personally the matters mentioned in your letter of the 24th August, but I am sending this brief reply for purposes of record.\n\nI have heard various rumours about intrigues against the present Canton administration, in which Chen Ming-shu and Chan Chak are mentioned as opponents of Li Chai-sum, and I have no doubt that Li Fuk-lam would like to get back to his old position in Honam. Such intrigues and rumours are inevitable, but I cannot say how serious they are in the present case. The local authorities, with whom I have discussed the situation, seem to feel fairly secure and to believe that Li Chai-sum is firmly established. On the other hand, we have had requests for permits to enter Shameen after dark from Canton police officers, who fear trouble and want a line of retreat in case of another Communist uprising.\n\nI do not think that any quantity of arms can be stored on Shameen without our knowledge. It would be difficult to bring them in and still more difficult to take them out once the trouble had started. I mentioned the rumour to my French colleague. He was sceptical, but said he would investigate. At all events, the Cantonese authorities have said nothing about any such suspicions, and they would be quick enough to do so, if they had them.\n\nIf I were you, I think I should be cautious with Mr. Koo. I know nothing about him, but from what you tell me I suspect that he is trying to secure some job or concession for himself from the Chinese powers that be, and he would like to give them the impression that he is intimate with the British military authorities, and is in a position to obtain supplies of arms or other favours.\n\nWang Shao-hung sent an emissary to see me a few days ago to countersign an import permit for saltpetre, which the general wished to purchase in Hong Kong for a fire-cracker factory in which he was interested. The messenger told me that General Wang had gone to Liuchow.\n\nYours sincerely,\n\nEnclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nMajor-General Luard to the Governor of Hong Kong.\n\n(Secret.) Your Excellency,\n\nHeadquarters, South China Command,\n\nHong Kong, August 24, 1928.\n\nI HAVE the honour to inform you of the gist of a conversation held yesterday between a member of my staff and Mr. Koo. The latter, you will remember, was recently largely instrumental in arranging a visit to Canton by one of my staff, who saw various military establishments and whose report you have seen.\n\n2. Mr. Koo gave the impression of being very concerned about the stability of the existing régime in Canton. He stated that Li Chai-sum had been far too easy-going in the past, and that, in reality, the only troops upon which he could depend were those of the IVth Army under General Chan Chia-tong,\n\n3. In the meantime, a definite anti-Kwangsi party were forming in Canton, whom he considered as pro-Chiang Kai-shek. The leaders of this party are General Chen Ming-shu, at present in Hainan, Admiral Chan Chak and Li Fuk-lam, the latter having recently returned to Hong Kong.\n\n4. In some three weeks' time Mr. Koo expects the plot to ripen, in which case a rising will take place, and the rebellious leaders are not expected to hesitate from using and arming \"Red\" peasants. For this purpose, Mr. Koo stated that the Cantonese authorities were aware that Li Fuk-lam had been storing arms in the Shameen, and these are suspected to be in the French concession.\n\n5. Mr. Koo was very anxious that an officer from Hong Kong should accompany him to Kwangsi to interview Wang Shao-hung, the military chief of that province, in order to advise him to come to the aid of Li Chai-sum. He pointed out that early this year a diplomatic rapprochement was effected between Hong Kong and Canton, and that it was a pity that the most should not be made of this, particularly as the Chiang Kai-shek party, represented in the South by Chen Ming-shu and Chan Chak, were not likely to be fastidious in making use of Russian help.\n\n6. Mr. Koo intimated that it was possible that Wang Shao-hung might be visiting Canton in a few days' time.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nC. C. LUARD, Commanding, South China Command.\n\nJ. F. BRENAN.\n\nEnclosure 5 in No. 1.\n\nExtract from the\n\n\"Kung Ping Po\" of August 13, 1928.\n\nTHE PROPOSAL OF DEMARCATION OF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN PO ON DISTRICT AND THE NEW TERRITORY SUBMITTED FOR RESOLUTION.\n\n(Translation.)\n\nTHE Po On magistrate, named Chang Kai Tsung, is of opinion that as Po On District is closely connected, geographically speaking, with Hong Kong, it is not unusual to find serious disputes and unavoidable misunderstandings between the Chinese and British Governments, if and when the boundaries are not clearly demarcated. At the Rehabilitation Conference of the Western Region, a written proposal has been submitted by the said magistrate, seconded by other five magistrates, to the effect that an application should be sent in by the Rehabilitation Commissioner for the Western Region to the Kwangtung Provincial Government requesting them to appoint a special deputy to Po On District inviting the Hong Kong Government for negotiating the demarcation in question.\n\nReasons supporting the Proposal.\n\nIn accordance with the Assembly Meeting Procedures, if a proposal is moved by one of the members present and seconded by five other members, the proposal may be submitted as a provisional motion, we beg to state that the original name of the present Po On District was called the San On District.\n\nIt was after the opium war, when the Island of Hong Kong was occupied vi et armis with no strong reasons by the British Government, as a concession for a period of ninety-nine years. This was the greatest disgrace, which could never be forgotten",
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        "page_number": 167,
        "title": "CO129-508-4 Cases of attacks by pirates 6-11-1927 - 23-11-1928",
        "content_text": "giving him all my information, and informed him that I would land a party to recover the prisoners and boats if possible. He told me that he would land a party as soon as possible. Both ships (\"Somme\" and \"Yeung Shing\") proceeded close in-shore off the rocky beach a mile south of BOLD BLUFF, where the lifeboats were seen to be stranded, with some of the Chinese crews standing by them. It appeared probable that the pirates had retreated westward, so both ships rounded BOLD BLUFF and closed the sandy beach 1⁄2 mile westward of it.\n\nI landed an armed party under the command of Lieutenant M.H. HARDCASTLE R.N. on the western side of the beach, the Customs Cruiser landing two parties on the eastern side of it: the latter were the first to land. It was my intention that the primary object of the landing party was to recover the captured Officers and crew. One party of Customs men proceeded eastward over the high land south of BOLD BLUFF, and the other party (under the Commander) proceeded up the valley running southwestward from the beach. This latter party came in touch with retreating pirates and fired on them at long range. No casualties were observed and the pirates did not return the fire. H.M.S. Somme's party at this time were proceeding up the valley some few hundred yards behind the Customs men.\n\nThe pirates, on being fired on, abandoned the three passengers they had with them. On recovering these, the Customs men returned towards the sandy beach, the pirates scattering over the hills. Both Officers and the Chinese crews of the life-boats had been abandoned near their boats, and three more passengers on the high ground eastward of the valley mentioned.\n\nH.M.S. Somme was standing close inshore at this time, and I was prepared to open fire if I found a definite target. One or two men (who might have been pirates or merely peaceful natives) were seen on the hillsides",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-508-4 Cases of attacks by pirates 6-11-1927 - 23-11-1928.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 516513,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-512-2 Political situation in China- and Canton 31-5-1929 - 13-11-1929",
        "page_number": 71,
        "title": "CO129-512-2 Political situation in China- and Canton 31-5-1929 - 13-11-1929",
        "content_text": "- 2 -\n\n65\n\nwho are to all intents and purposes Communists. Briefly, it may be explained that the \"Western Hill\" party is that clique which clings to the resolutions adopted by the first general assembly of the Kuo-min-tang. Their principal representative in South China is General Hui Sung-chi. The left wing is generally identified with Mr. Wong Tsing-wai, whose adherents favoured the resolutions adopted by the second general assembly of the Kuo-min-tang, from which the \"Western Hill\" clique was excluded.\n\n2.\n\nThe recent civil war between the provinces of Kwangtung and Kwangsi has so far passed through three phases. The first phase was an attack by the Kwangsi leaders upon Kwangtung, with the hope of capturing Canton by a sudden coup de main. For this purpose, it was planned that the Kwangsi army, under its principal leaders, Pai Chung-hsi, Li Tsung-jen, and Wong Shiu-hung, should advance into Kwangtung down the valley of the West River to Samshui, and that at the same time their Cantonese adherents, namely, the eastern command in Kwangtung under the Cantonese general, Tsui King-t'ong, based upon Swatow, should advance through Waichow down the East River. There was thus to be a concerted attack upon Canton by fairly considerable bodies of troops from the west and from the east. In order to meet these attacks, the Cantonese armies would have to be concentrated at points many miles distant from Canton, both to the west. There",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-512-2 Political situation in China- and Canton 31-5-1929 - 13-11-1929.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 523658,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-522-9 Chinese labour in Western Samoa 22-10-1929 - 19-1-1931",
        "page_number": 14,
        "title": "CO129-522-9 Chinese labour in Western Samoa 22-10-1929 - 19-1-1931",
        "content_text": "NOTE.\n\n14\n\nIn 1919 the New Zealand Government, as Mandatory for Western Samoa, requested the assistance of His Majesty's Government and the Hong Kong Government in obtaining indentured Chinese labourers for the territory. After some correspondence, the Governor of Hong Kong was informed in 1920 that he might permit recruitment of such labour in Hong Kong, subject to the observance of the local law as to Chinese passengers, which presumably meant that labourers must be technically free, that is, not have signed any contract when they left Hong Kong.\n\nThe correspondence is printed in Command 919. Although Chinese labour was wanted in Samoa, Chinese settlers were not, and in 1921 a request from the Chinese Government that labourers whose contracts had expired might be allowed to remain was refused. They could enter into a second indenture for three years, making six years in all, but beyond that the New Zealand authorities would not allow them to stay. (See 18155/21 and 39318/21)\n\nIn 1923, new terms and conditions for Agreements for Chinese labour were brought into force (See 44670/23 and 11713/24). The previous system had apparently been an ordinary indentured system. Under the new one, it was stated that all indentured labourers would become free labourers, but I am not sure that this is strictly true.\n\nThe general effect of the system, which, so far as we know, still remains in force, is that",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-522-9 Chinese labour in Western Samoa 22-10-1929 - 19-1-1931.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 527618,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932",
        "page_number": 42,
        "title": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932",
        "content_text": "# MESSAGE TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE OF LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n**W. PEEL**, \nGovernor. \n\nNo. 11. \n\nHis Excellency the Governor has the honour to present for the consideration of the Finance Committee of the Legislative Council the items (Nos. 80 to 91 of 1931) of supplementary expenditure set out below. \n\nBy His Excellency's Command, \nDated the 12th day of October, 1931. \n\n**W. T. SOUTHORN**, \nColonial Secretary. \n\nBrought forward........ \n\n81.-31, Public Works Extraordinary :-32, Various Resumptions etc. To meet cost of road widening works. \n\n| Provision made in Estimates (page 94 sub-head 32) | $10,000 |\n| --- | --- |\n\nThis sum is required in connection with the widening of Bonham Road at a narrow and sharp corner between Centre and Western Streets. \n\nFinance Committee approved the expenditure of $11,000 for this work in 1924, but the work was never carried out. The owner of I.L. 609A, which abuts on the south side of the section of road to be widened, is now anxious to re-develop his lot. This he cannot do until the road widening, which includes the re-erection of a retaining wall, has been completed. Government therefore feels itself committed to carrying out the approved scheme. \n\nThe main reason for the increase in the estimated cost of the work is that whereas in 1924 a dump for the surplus earth was available nearby, it will now have to be transported to North Point. \n\n(`C.S.O. 390/15`). \n\n82.-30, Public Works Recurrent :--11, Item 2. Electric Lighting Kowloon \n\n| Provision made in Estimates (page 91 sub-head 11 item 2) | $16,500.00 |\n| --- | --- |\n|  | $4,000.00 |\n\nTo meet street lighting charges due to development. The extension of certain roads upon which new buildings have been completed has necessitated additional street lighting. \n(`C.S.O. 5948/10`). \n\n* 83.-5, Colonial Secretary's Office and Legislature:-3, Hansard Reports \n\n| Provision made in Estimates (page 16 sub-head 3) | $1,800.00 |\n| --- | --- |\n|  | $57.00 |\n\nThe 1930 Hansard which is published and paid for in 1931 contained 282 pages as against an average of 206 for the previous three years. \n\nThe sum of $57 now asked for is to meet the additional cost of printing the larger volume. \n\nThe above is to be met from savings under Office Equipment (1931 Estimates page 16 sub-head 5). \n(`C.S.O. 3 in 173/31`). \n\n* 84.-25, Medical Department:-Installation of standard power plugs for X-Ray work \n\n|  | $1,100.00 |\n| --- | --- |\n\nConsiderable difficulty has been experienced by the Radiologist in using the new portable X-ray and electrical apparatus without standard power plugs. It is essential that the installation should be carried out as soon as possible. As no provision was made in the current estimates for this expenditure a supplementary vote for one thousand one hundred dollars is now required. \n\n## MEMORANDA EXPLAINING THE ITEMS. Estimates, 1931.\n\n80.-29, Public Works Department:-Other Charges. Drawing Materials and Mounting Plans \n\n| Provision made in Estimates (page 77 sub-head 3) | $7,000 |\n| --- | --- |\n\nThe vote has become exhausted on account of the continued heavy demand for leases, the demands for plans etc. from other Departments, and the increased cost of materials in local currency. \n\nApproximately 20% of the amount expended is recoverable from the sale of plans etc. \n\nThe expenditure for the year 1930 was $11,686. \n\nThe additional sum now requested is urgently required to enable this service to be continued without delay. \n(`C.S.O. 21 in 173/31`). \n\nCarried forward..................... \n$22,657.00 \n\nPage 52",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 527655,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932",
        "page_number": 79,
        "title": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932",
        "content_text": "# MESSAGE TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE OF LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n**W. PEEL**, \nGovernor. \n\nNo. 11. \n\nHis Excellency the Governor has the honour to present for the consideration of the Finance Committee of the Legislative Council the items (Nos. 80 to 91 of 1931) of supplementary expenditure set out below. \n\nBy His Excellency's Command, \nDated the 12th day of October, 1931. \n\n**W. T. SOUTHORN**, \nColonial Secretary. \n\nBrought forward.. \n\n## 81.-31, Public Works Extraordinary :-32, Various Resumptions etc.\nTo meet cost of road widening works.. \nProvision made in Estimates (page 94 sub-head 32)... $10,000 \n\nThis sum is required in connection with the widening of Bonham Road at a narrow and sharp corner between Centre and Western Streets. Finance Committee approved the expenditure of $11,000 for this work in 1924, but the work was never carried out. The owner of I.L. 609A, which abuts on the south side of the section of road to be widened, is now anxious to re-develop his lot. This he cannot do until the road widening, which includes the re-erection of a retaining wall, has been completed. Government therefore feels itself committed to carrying out the approved scheme. \n\nThe main reason for the increase in the estimated cost of the work is that whereas in 1924 a dump for the surplus earth was available nearby, it will now have to be transported to North Point. \n\n(`C.S.O. 390/15`). \n\n## 82.-30, Public Works Recurrent -11, Item 2. Electric Lighting Kowloon\n| Description | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Provision made in Estimates (page 91 sub-head 11 item 2) | $30,000 |\n|  | $4,000.00 |\n|  | $16,500.00 |\n|  | $1,000.00 |\n\nTo meet street lighting charges due to development. The extension of certain roads upon which new buildings have been completed has necessitated additional street lighting. \n`C.S.O. 5948/10`. \n\n## * 83.-5, Colonial Secretary's Office and Legislature:-3, Hansard Reports\n| Description | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Provision made in Estimates (page 16 sub-head 3) | $1,800.00 |\n| Additional cost | $57.00 |\n\nThe 1930 Hansard which is published and paid for in 1931 contained 282 pages as against an average of 206 for the previous three years. The sum of $57 now asked for is to meet the additional cost of printing the larger volume. The above is to be met from savings under Office Equipment (1931 Estimates page 16 sub-head 5). \n(`C.S.O. 3 in 173/31`). \n\n## * 84.-25, Medical Department:-Installation of standard power plugs for X-Ray work\n| Description | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Supplementary vote | $1,100.00 |\n\nConsiderable difficulty has been experienced by the Radiologist in using the new portable X-ray and electrical apparatus without standard power plugs. It is essential that the installation should be carried out as soon as possible. As no provision was made in the current estimates for this expenditure a supplementary vote for one thousand one hundred dollars is now required. \n\n## 80.-29, Public Works Department:-Other Charges. Drawing Materials and Mounting Plans\n| Description | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Provision made in Estimates (page 77 sub-head 3) | $7,000 |\n| Additional sum requested | $4,000.00 |\n\nThe vote has become exhausted on account of the continued heavy demand for leases, the demands for plans etc. from other Departments, and the increased cost of materials in local currency. Approximately 20% of the amount expended is recoverable from the sale of plans etc. The expenditure for the year 1930 was $11,686. The additional sum now requested is urgently required to enable this service to be continued without delay. \n(`C.S.O. 21 in 173/31`). \n\nCarried forward........ .$22,657.00 \n\nPage 106",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 532649,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-537-5 City Hall Resumption Ordinance- 1932 24-6-1932 - 7-7-1932",
        "page_number": 11,
        "title": "CO129-537-5 City Hall Resumption Ordinance- 1932 24-6-1932 - 7-7-1932",
        "content_text": "Smith, one of the trustees of the will. The Letters of Administration were not registered against the title in the Land Office and since that date none of the representatives of the lessees seem to have concerned themselves with the property in any way.\n\n7. The buildings appear to have been erected by public subscription, commencing in 1865, each individual, firm or corporation subscribing $100 received a so-called \"ordinary share\", and 216 of such \"shares\" of a total nominal value of $21,600 were issued to 61 \"shareholders\". As the building proceeded it was found that the sum subscribed was insufficient and Sir Robert Jardine, whose firm held fifteen \"ordinary shares\" appears then to have subscribed $50,000 and to have received 105 so-called \"preference shares\" of various denominations but totaling $50,000.\n\n8. If these \"shareholders\" are to be regarded as an association for the purpose of carrying on any business having for its object the acquisition of gain by its individual members it will be illegal under the Companies Ordinances of 1865 and 1911. No interest or return has ever been paid, however, to the holders of any of these shares, the whole income, supplemented by occasional government grants, having been devoted to the upkeep and improvement of the building, with the exception of a small reserve fund which now amounts to about $4,000.\n\n9. The buildings have been managed hitherto by a committee which appears to have been elected by the original subscribers with power to add to its number. None of those originally elected remain, the present members having been co-opted as occasion arose. The senior member in Hong Kong of the firm of Jardine, Matheson & Co. is chairman of the committee.\n\n10. The buildings consist of a theatre on the western portion of the lot and of certain halls and rooms on two floors on the eastern portion. Those on the upper floor have been used for halls, receptions and meetings and those on the lower floor for a free library and museum, and latterly also as a Y.M.C.A. Club for the Naval, Military and Air Forces.\n\n11. The buildings are old and the committee are now faced with the problem of having to spend a sum of money far in excess of any that they are in a position to command to modernise them and to put them into a proper state of repair and of safety against fire or into the state required by law for buildings to which the public have access. They have therefore closed the premises and it becomes necessary for the Government to intervene.\n\n12. In all the circumstances of the case it is considered better for the Government to resume possession of the property by means of an ad hoc Ordinance rather than to proceed under the powers reserved by the Crown Lease.\n\n13. It is not the intention of the Government to re-erect a City Hall on this site, part of which will be sold and part developed to accord with a general scheme of town planning; but as a part of that scheme it is the intention of the Government to make provision for public amenities of the kind hitherto provided by the Committee of the City Hall.\n\nC. G. ALABASTER,\n\nAttorney General.\n\nENB\n\nMay, 1932.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-537-5 City Hall Resumption Ordinance- 1932 24-6-1932 - 7-7-1932.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 533226,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933",
        "page_number": 200,
        "title": "CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933",
        "content_text": "297\n\nFor this institution the average expenditure of each student in 1930 was two hundred and sixty dollars. Another feature of this college is the importance which is attached to the examinations, intermediate and final. In most institutions the student merely collects a certain number of credits, passes an internal examination and then qualifies. This does not satisfy Dr. Wei who aims at high intellectual standards for his college and is determined to secure them.\n\nIn contrast with this modest institution, modest that is in so far as numbers and range of curriculum are concerned though not in quality of work, there is the new Wuhan University. It would be difficult to imagine a more picturesque site for a university than that occupied by the buildings of this institution. There is a lake about ten miles long and probably one and a half to two miles across and surrounding this are several low hills which command splendid views of the open country. The university buildings are constructed on the summit of these hills and form a striking landmark symbolising as they do in their architectural design, the union of the occident and the orient. Already there are 700 students occupying the hostels, though the accommodation has not been available for more than one year. This zest for great numbers is partly due to the need for students' fees, for it is one of the failings of those who promote modern universities to assume that, when buildings are erected, the university is established. Seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars have already been spent on these very substantial buildings and another building, the women's hostel by the edge of the lake, was in course of erection, but the staff had been receiving only forty per cent of their salary for the past four months, and yet a distinguished Chinese scholar, Mr. Han Lih-wu speaks of this university in the following terms. \"The fact is that the air of learning surrounding Wu Han is appreciably purer and more noticeable than it is anywhere else in China. There are fewer professors who have part-time work outside. There are fewer students who pay more attention to politics, play and society than they do to their studies. There are almost no student strikes, professors walk out and other painful innovations of the educational world in China.\" As Sir Reginald Johnston says in his comment, \"One must regret the 'almost'\"\n\nIn Chungking we found the nucleus of a provincial university which was accommodated in what had been an old temple. There is a strong movement in China which aims at converting all temples - Buddhist, Confucianist and Taoist - into schools, colleges and lecture halls. Many already have been adapted in this way. General Liu Hsiang of Chungking has given fifty thousand dollars towards the cost of a more modern and appropriate building for the University work and it was nearing completion when we passed through. Now that war has broken out between him and his relative Liu Wen-hui there is not much likelihood of further funds being available. This will mean another university building without adequate endowment, equipment, or staff. There was nothing of outstanding interest in this institution which was really just trying to establish itself as a university but one interesting fact emerged when the head of the department of education was discussing Chinese studies. He said that they had gone back to the old-fashioned method of learning the classics for the new methods had been tried and had failed. The person responsible for this order was the head of the university, a returned American student, but as far as we could gather it was unique in this respect though everywhere the study of the Chinese Classics constituted a problem of the first order.\n\nIn Chengtu we were in close touch with the staff of the West China Union University, which is situated in spacious and very lovely grounds on the outskirts of the city. This institution, which owes its existence to the combined efforts of several missionary societies, exerts the greatest possible influence, from the point of view of Western culture in Szechuan.\n\nPage 200\nPage 201",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 544939,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935",
        "page_number": 245,
        "title": "CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935",
        "content_text": "# CHINESE PUBLIC DISPENSARIES\n(See Annexe B and Tables XXIII to XXVI)\n\n## TSAN YUK MATERNITY HOSPITAL\n(Table XXVII)\n\n30. This Hospital, opened in 1922 as part of the Chinese Public Dispensary organization, has proved so popular and successful that, as mentioned in my report for 1932, it was felt that it was growing rather beyond the scope and resources of the Committee. Attention had been directed to the question whether it would not be to the general advantage if the Committee were to offer the Hospital as a gift to the Government, which would thereafter be entirely responsible for its maintenance and further development. During the year under review, the situation was fully explored and the offer was made and accepted. As from January 1st, 1934, the Hospital will be run by the Government, but on much the same lines as when it was under the control of the Chinese Public Dispensaries Committee. Reconditioning and possible expansion will be carried out as funds permit.\n\n31. An interesting function took place at the Hospital on December 11th when a portrait of the Hon. Dr. S. W. Tso, O.B.E., Chairman of the Western Chinese Dispensary Committee and of the Hospital Committee, was unveiled by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. The function was intended as a farewell party to Dr. Tso before the Hospital was handed over to the Government, and high tributes were paid to Dr. Tso's keen personal interest in the work and welfare of the Hospital and its staff by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, the Director of Medical and Sanitary Services, and the Hon. Sir Shouson Chow. It is noteworthy, as a mark of the affection and respect with which Dr. Tso is regarded there, that the portrait was subscribed for and presented entirely by the matron, sisters, and nursing staff, past and present, of the Hospital.\n\n## WANCHAI MATERNITY HOSPITAL\n(See Annexe B)\n\n## CHINESE PERMANENT CEMETERY\n(Table XXVIII)\n\n## CHINESE RECREATION GROUND\n(Table XXIX)\n\n32. This is controlled by a Committee consisting of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs as Chairman and the Chinese Members of the Executive and Legislative Councils.\n\n33. The last obstacle to the scheme of general renovation and reconstruction, decided upon by the Committee in 1931, was removed at the beginning of the year under review when the old latrine adjoining Hollywood Road was demolished and replaced at Government expense by a larger and more modern one in a more retired corner of the Ground. Plans were prepared and approved, and the tenants of the stalls were given notice to quit at the end of December so that the work of demolition and reconstruction could be put in hand at the beginning of 1934.\n\n## YAUMATI PUBLIC SQUARE\n(Table XXX)\n\n34. During the course of the year, after the Government had decided upon the site of the new Kowloon Magistracy, it became possible to take in hand the long overdue reconstruction of the ramshackle and insanitary stalls on this popular Square. The old stalls have been replaced by substantial structures of brick and concrete, the alleys between the rows of stalls have been surfaced with concrete, and efficient drainage has been provided. Although the number of stalls is now smaller than it was before the reconstruction, the new stalls command considerably higher rents than did the old ones, and it is hoped that a large increase in the income from this source will be available for Chinese charities.\n\n## PASSAGE MONEY FUND\n(Table XXXI)\n\n## TRANSLATION\n\n35. The total number of translations made in the department during 1933 was 926, as compared with 1,208 in 1932. Of these, 378 were from Chinese into English and 548 from English into Chinese. In addition, a large number of translations made in other Government departments were sent to this office for revision.\n\n## General\n## LABOUR\n\n36. Labour conditions in the Colony during 1933 were quiet. The level of wages has been mainly unchanged, but unemployment has been more marked. The problem of unemployment has not, however, become acute, as in Western countries, because the unemployed in this Colony have the simple remedy of returning to their native districts in China, where living is cheaper. The boom in the building trade showed definite signs of slackening off towards the end of the year, but hundreds of coolies have found employment at Shing Mun in the construction of the Dam and will continue to find employment there for several years to come.\n\nPage 317",
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    },
    {
        "id": 548264,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935",
        "page_number": 82,
        "title": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935",
        "content_text": "CONFIDENTIAL.\n\nSir,\n\n82\n\nH.M.S. \"Defender\" at Hong Kong.\n\n4th February, 1935.\n\nI have the honour to submit the following report of proceedings of H.M. Ship under my command from the 30th January to the 3rd February, 1935.\n\n2.\n\nWednesday 30th January • at 0900 H.M.S. \"Defender\" assumed duties of Duty Destroyer and sailed in company with H.M.S. \"Hermes\" for flying practices. These took place in the south-western part of the patrol area, which was entered at 1045. On completion of flying practices at 1245, H.M.S. \"Defender\" proceeded to Saman Roads, coming to anchor at 1322. At 1830, weighed and proceeded to carry out a dusk patrol across the entrance to Bias Bay, anchoring in Harlem Bay, at 1852.\n\n3.\n\nThursday, 31st January. At 0545, weighed and proceeded to carry out a dawn patrol off Tokai Point and Mendoza Island. Subsequently proceeding to rendezvous with Captain (D), 8th Destroyer Flotilla at 0900 off Waglan for exercises. On completion of exercises at 1005, H.M.S. \"Defender\" returned to the patrol area, and anchored in Mirs Bay at 1240. At 1830, weighed and proceeded to carry out a dusk patrol between Mirs Point and Single Island, anchoring in Saman Roads at 2000.\n\n4.\n\nFriday, 1st February • At 0445 weighed in order to make weather report, and proceeded to patrol off Single Island, subsequently anchoring off Mirs Point, prior to joining H.M.S. \"HERMES\" off Bate Island at 0940 for flying practices. These were carried out in Mirs Bay and the western part of the patrol area, and during this period H.M.S. \"DEFENDER\" was keeping W/T watch on 240 k/cs, H.M.S. \"HERMES\" being guard on 113 k/cs.\n\n5. At 1250 your signal 1145/1st February was received from H.M.S. \"KARNES\", and I was ordered to proceed as directed therein at 1300. About 25 minutes was lost through this signal first being passed by V/S in coded groups many of which were mutilated. Position at 1244 was 6.4 miles 213 deg: from Single Island, course 060 deg: speed 15 knots. Before parting company, Commanding Officer, H.M.S. \"HERMES\" informed me by signal that aircraft would be flown off in the afternoon to search out the area in the vicinity of Chilang Point.\n\n6. I accordingly set course for Chilang Point at 24 knots, intending to close in towards Goat Island and investigate the coast between Tai Sami Head and Chilang Point before establishing a patrol to the southeastward of Chilang Point.\n\n7.\n\nAt about 1400 I observed that one of the two aircraft sent out by H.M.S. \"HERMES\" was patrolling along the coast. I therefore decided that it would be unnecessary for me to waste time in closing Goat Island and maintained my course for position 8 miles south of Chilang Point.\n\n8.\n\nAt 1500 I overtook the S.S. \"SUISANG\" northward bound, to whose Master I passed a message requesting him to inform the A.P. vessel if he saw or heard anything of S.S. \"TUNGCHOW\".\n\n9.\n\nAt about 1510 I observed a small steamer in Hong Hai Bay (estimated position 5 miles 270 degrees from Tsiech Point) steering for Tai Sami. It appeared to me to be one of the small vessels which ply between the coastal villages lying between Mirs Bay and Hie Chi Chin Bay. This I considered to be confirmed by the fact that the aircraft which had passed over her vicinity had not reported her.",
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    {
        "id": 552419,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-559-2 Defences (Firing Areas) Ordinance 1936 5-2-1936 - 8-7-1936",
        "page_number": 22,
        "title": "CO129-559-2 Defences (Firing Areas) Ordinance 1936 5-2-1936 - 8-7-1936",
        "content_text": "## Exemptions \n\n## Commencement\n\n(iii) any person authorised in writing under the hand of the said officer in charge of the batteries; or \n\n(iv) any police officer. \n\n10. This Ordinance shall not apply to-\n\n(a) any vessel entering or passing through the areas affected in the ordinary course of navigation from one port to another. \n\n(b) any vessel compelled to enter or unable to quit the areas affected by reason of the exigencies of navigation. \n\n(c) any vessel when racing, provided due notice of the racing fixture has been given not less than forty-eight hours previously to the Officer Commanding, Royal Artillery, at Military Headquarters, China Command, Hong Kong. \n\n(d) any vessel employed in tending, placing or replacing mark buoys or other aids to navigation within the areas affected. \n\n(e) His Majesty's Ships of War, His Majesty's Aircraft, or any vessel or aircraft employed under Admiralty, War Office, or Air Council Authority or under the Government of the Colony. \n\n(f) any aircraft compelled to alight on or unable to quit the areas affected. \n\n(g) any foreign vessel when outside territorial waters. \n\n11. This Ordinance shall not come into operation until such date as the Governor shall notify by Proclamation as the commencement of this Ordinance. \n\nPassed the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, this 30th day of January, 1936.\n\nH. R. BUTTERS, Deputy Clerk of Councils.\n\n## FIRST SCHEDULE\n\n[s. 3.]\n\n### Firing Areas\n\n| Area | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) Firing Area A | The sea area included in this Firing Area is bounded as follows:- By a line starting from High Water Mark at light marking Harbour Boundary (latitude 22° 17′ 23′′-longitude 114° 14′ 03′′), thence following High Water Mark along western shore of Junk Bay to latitude 22° 18′ 24\"-longitude 114° 15′ 05\", thence across Junk Bay to latitude 22° 18′ 44′′-longitude 114° 15′ 45\", thence following High Water Mark along eastern shore of Junk Bay to latitude 22° 16′ 46\"-longitude 114° 16′ 28′′, thence to Junk Island at latitude 22° 16′ 46′′-longitude 114° 16′ 18\", thence following High Water Mark along southern shore of Junk Island to latitude 22° 16′ 38′′ longitude 114° 15' 44\", thence across to Lao Shui Pai (latitude 22° 16' 36\"-longitude 114° 14′ 23′′), thence following High Water Mark northward to light marking Harbour Boundary (latitude 22° 17′ 10′′-longitude 114° 13' 57\"), thence across Lyemun to starting point. |\n| (b) Firing Area B | The area included in this Firing Area is bounded as follows:- By a line starting from High Water Mark at Cape Collinson (latitude 22° 15′ 48′′-longitude 114° 15′ 48′′), thence across to Slope Island (latitude 22° 15′ 50′′-longitude 114° 16′ 21′′), thence following High Water Mark along southern shore of Slope Island and northern shore of Tai Miu to Fo Tau Point (latitude 22° 15′ 42′′-longitude 114° 17′ 53′′), thence on a bearing of 98° to latitude 22° 14′ 48′′-longitude 114° 25′ 15\", thence on a bearing of 218° to latitude 22° 08′ 42′′-longitude 114° 20' 00\", thence to the northern end of Waglan Island (latitude 22° 11′ 25\"-longitude 114° 18′ 14′′), thence to Tai Long Head (latitude 22° 12′ 33′′-longitude 114° 15′ 38′′), thence northward following High Water Mark to starting point. |\n| (c) Firing Area C | The area included in this Firing Area is bounded as follows:- By a line starting from High Water Mark at Bluff Point (latitude 22° 11' 46\"-longitude 114° 12′ 42′′), thence following High Water Mark along the southern shore of Tai Tam Peninsula to latitude 22° 11' 50\"-longitude 114° 13′ 15\", thence to Beaufort Island at latitude 22° 11′ 22′′-longitude 114° 14′ 32\", thence following High Water Mark along the western and southern shores of Beaufort Island to latitude 22° 10′ 52\"-longitude 114° 14′ 48′′, thence across to Pu Toi Island at latitude 22° 10′ 00\"-longitude 114° 15′ 08′′. thence across to North East Head on Tamkan Island (latitude 22° 04' 00\"-longitude 114° 19′ 10′′), thence following High Water Mark along northern shore of Tamkan Island to latitude 22° 01' 32\"-longitude 114° 18' 02\", thence across to Lingting Island at latitude 22° 06′ 52′′-longitude 114° 02′ 30′′, thence across to Un Kok Point on Lamma Island (latitude 22° 11′ 00′′-longitude 114° 09′ 00′′), thence across East Lamma Channel to starting point. |\n| (d) Firing Area D | The area included in this Firing Area is bounded as follows:- By a line starting from High Water Mark at Shiktongtsui (latitude 22° 16' 36\"-longitude 114° 07′ 00′′), thence following High Water Mark southward to Waterfall Bay (latitude 22° 15′ 02′′-longitude 114° 08′ 15′′), thence across East Lamma Channel to Boulder Point on Lamma Island (latitude 22° 14′ 35′′-longitude 114° 07′ 04′′), thence following High Water Mark along the western shore of Lamma Island to Tai Kok Point (latitude 22° 10′ 48′′-longitude 114° 08′ 16′′), thence on a bearing of 180° to latitude 22° 06′ 44′′-longitude 114° 08′ 17′′, thence on a bearing of 270° to latitude 22° 06′ 44′′-longitude 113° 56′ 28\" thence to Chang Chau Island (latitude 22° 11′ 54′′-longitude 114° 01′ 16′′), thence following High Water Mark along the eastern shore of Chang Chau Island to latitude 22° 13′ 32\"-longitude 114° 02′ 03′′, thence across to Papai Island at latitude 22° 14′ 36\"-longitude 114° 02′ 40′′, thence following High Water Mark along the eastern shore of Papai and Chau Kung Islands to latitude 22° 15′ 56′′-longitude 114° 03′ 09\", thence across to Kau I Chau Island at latitude 22° 17′ 00′′ longitude 114° 04′ 48′′, thence across to starting point. |\n| (e) Firing Area E | The area included in this Firing Area is bounded as follows:- By a line starting from High Water Mark at western end of Stonecutters Island (latitude 22° 19′ 10′′-longitude 114° 07′ 48′′), thence across to Green Island (latitude 22° 17′ 14′′-longitude 114° 06' 36\"), thence across to eastern shore of Lantau at latitude 22° 17′ 40′′ longitude 114° 01' 32\", thence following High Water Mark along the eastern shore of Lantau to latitude 22° 20′ 14′′-... |\n\nPage 5\nPage 24",
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    {
        "id": 552426,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-559-2 Defences (Firing Areas) Ordinance 1936 5-2-1936 - 8-7-1936",
        "page_number": 29,
        "title": "CO129-559-2 Defences (Firing Areas) Ordinance 1936 5-2-1936 - 8-7-1936",
        "content_text": "## Exemptions\n## Commencement\n\n(iii) any person authorised in writing under the hand of the said officer in charge of the batteries; or  \n(iv) any police officer.\n\n10. This Ordinance shall not apply to-  \n(a) any vessel entering or passing through the areas affected in the ordinary course of navigation from one port to another.  \n(b) any vessel compelled to enter or unable to quit the areas affected by reason of the exigencies of navigation.  \n(c) any vessel when racing, provided due notice of the racing fixture has been given not less than forty-eight hours previously to the Officer Commanding, Royal Artillery, at Military Headquarters, China Command, Hong Kong.  \n(d) any vessel employed in tending, placing or replacing mark buoys or other aids to navigation within the areas affected.  \n(e) His Majesty's Ships of War, His Majesty's Aircraft, or any vessel or aircraft employed under Admiralty, War Office, or Air Council Authority or under the Government of the Colony.  \n(f) any aircraft compelled to alight on or unable to quit the areas affected.  \n(g) any foreign vessel when outside territorial waters.\n\n11. This Ordinance shall not come into operation until such date as the Governor shall notify by Proclamation as the commencement of this Ordinance.\n\nPassed the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, this 30th day of January, 1936.\n\n(a) Firing Area A:—  \nThe sea area included in this Firing Area is bounded as follows:-  \nBy line starting from High Water Mark at light marking Harbour Boundary (latitude 22° 17′ 23′′-longitude 114° 14′ 03′′), thence following High Water Mark along western shore of Junk Bay to latitude 22° 18′ 24′′-longitude 114° 15′ 05′′, thence across Junk Bay to latitude 22° 18′ 44′′-longitude 114° 15′ 45′′, thence following High Water Mark along eastern shore of Junk Bay to latitude 22° 16′ 46′′-longitude 114° 16′ 28′′, thence to Junk Island at latitude 22° 16′ 46′′-longitude 114° 16′ 18′′, thence following High Water Mark along southern shore of Junk Island to latitude 22° 18′ 38′′-longitude 114° 15′ 44′′, thence across to Lao Shui Pai (latitude 22° 16′ 38′′-longitude 114° 14′ 23′′), thence following High Water Mark northward to light marking Harbour Boundary (latitude 22° 17′ 10′′-longitude 114° 13′ 57′′), thence across Lyemun to starting point.\n\n(b) Firing Area B:-  \nThe area included in this Firing Area is bounded as follows:-  \nBy a line starting from High Water Mark at Cape Collinson (latitude 22° 15′ 48′′-longitude 114° 15′ 48′′), thence across to Slope Island (latitude 22° 15′ 50′′-longitude 114° 16′ 21′′), thence following High Water Mark along southern shore of Slope Island and northern shore of Tai Miu to Fo Tau Point (latitude 22° 15′ 42′′—longitude 114° 17′ 58′′), thence on a bearing of 98° to latitude 22° 14′ 48′′ longitude 114° 25′ 15′′, thence on a bearing of 218° to latitude 22° 08′ 42′′-longitude 114° 20′ 00′′, thence to the northern end of Wagian Island (latitude 22° 11′ 25′′-longitude 114° 18′ 14′′), thence to Tai Long Head (latitude 22° 12′ 33′′-longitude 114° 15′ 38′′), thence northward following High Water Mark to starting point.\n\n(c) Firing Area C:-  \nThe area included in this Firing Area is bounded as follows:-  \nBy a line starting from High Water Mark at Bluff Point (latitude 22° 11′ 46′′-longitude 114° 12′ 42′′), thence following High Water Mark along the southern shore of Tai Tam Peninsula to latitude 22° 11′ 50′′-longitude 114° 13′ 15′′, thence to Beaufort Island at latitude 22° 11′ 22′′-longitude 114° 14′ 32′′, thence following High Water Mark along the western and southern shores of Beaufort Island to latitude 22° 10′ 52′′-longitude 114° 14′ 48′′, thence across to Pu Toi Island at latitude 22° 10′ 00′′-longitude 114° 15′ 08′′, thence across to North East Head on Tamkan Island (latitude 22° 04′ 00′′-longitude 114° 19′ 10′′), thence following High Water Mark along northern shore of Tamkan Island to latitude 22° 01′ 32′′-longitude 114° 13′ 02′′, thence across to Lingting Island at latitude 22° 06′ 52′′—longitude 114° 02′ 30′′, thence across to Un Kok Point on Lamma Island (latitude 22° 11′ 00′′-longitude 114° 09′ 00′′), thence across East Lamma Channel to starting point.\n\n(d) Firing Area D:-  \nThe area included in this Firing Area is bounded as follows:-  \nBy a line starting from High Water Mark at Shiktongtsui (latitude 22° 16′ 36′′-longitude 114° 07′ 00′′), thence following High Water Mark southward to Waterfall Bay (latitude 22° 15′ 02′′-longitude 114° 08′ 15′′), thence across East Lamma Channel to Boulder Point on Lamma Island (latitude 22° 14′ 35′′-longitude 114° 07′ 04′′), thence following High Water Mark along the western shore of Lamma Island to Tai Kok Point (latitude 22° 10′ 48′′-longitude 114° 08′ 16′′), thence on a bearing of 180° to latitude 22° 06′ 44′′-longitude 114° 08′ 17′′, thence on a bearing of 270° to latitude 22° 06′ 44′′-longitude 113° 56′ 28′′ thence to Chang Chau Island (latitude 22° 11′ 54′′-longitude 114° 01′ 16′′), thence following High Water Mark along the eastern shore of Chang Chau Island to latitude 22° 13′ 32′′—longitude 114° 02′ 08′′, thence across Papai Island at latitude 22° 14′ 36′′-longitude 114° 02′ 40′′, thence following High Water Mark along the eastern shore of Papai and Chau Kung Islands to latitude 22° 15′ 56′′-longitude 114° 03′ 09′′, thence across to Kau I Chau Island at latitude 22° 17′ 00′′-longitude 114° 04′ 48′′, thence across to starting point.\n\n(e) Firing Area E:-  \nThe area included in this Firing Area is bounded as follows:-  \nBy a line starting from High Water Mark at western end of Stonecutters Island (latitude 22° 19′ 10′′-longitude 114° 07′ 48′′), thence across to Green Island (latitude 22° 17′ 14′′-longitude 114° 06′ 36′′), thence across to eastern shore of Lantau at latitude 22° 17′ 40′′ longitude 114° 01′ 32′′, thence following High Water Mark along the eastern shore of Lantau to latitude 22° 20′ 14′′- \n\n## Page 32",
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    {
        "id": 564240,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "page_number": 203,
        "title": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\nJanuary 17, 1939\n\n## SECTION 2\n\n[F 508/14/10]\n\nCopy No.\n\n**Sir A. Clark Kerr to Viscount Halifax.-(Received January 17, 1939.)**\n\n(No. 968.)\n\nHIS Majesty's Ambassador at Shanghai presents his compliments to His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and has the honour to transmit to him a copy of despatch No. 110 from His Majesty's Consul-General, Shanghai, dated the 10th November, 1938, respecting the Japanese occupation of Hankow.\n\nShanghai, November 24, 1938.\n\n### Enclosure\n\n(No. 110.) Sir,\n\nActing Consul-General Whitamore to Sir A. Clark Kerr.\n\nHankow, November 10, 1938.\n\nTHE scenes of loyalty to the generalissimo and of genuine if subdued elation which attended the Double Tenth Celebration gave no indication that the occupation of Hankow by the Japanese would be completed in little over a fortnight. Soon after the middle of the month, however, it had become evident to intelligent Chinese in Hankow that the fall of the city could no longer be delayed and the impetus of evacuation along the western road to Shasi was greatly augmented. Looking back, it is possible to analyse the factors which played their part in the Chinese decision to evacuate Hankow. The chief consideration was undoubtedly strategic, a tactical retreat to escape the Japanese encircling movement which had reached the Ping-Han Railway at Hsinyang and threatened in the Hsienning area to cut railway communication with Changsha and the south-west. It was noticeable that comparatively few troops passed through Hankow in their retreat to Changsha and the Han River and the ultimate intention was apparently to leave the path to Hankow completely clear of troops, so that the main body of the invading force, concentrating on Wuhan as its objective, would leave time for a Chinese withdrawal on predetermined lines; there is good reason to believe that the plan has been successfully carried out. It had in fact been evident to observers for some weeks back that the much-vaunted last-ditch defence of Hankow had become little more than a slogan repeated to sustain the morale of the townsfolk by giving the impression of a united body of resistance and as an encouragement to the soldiers defending the Yangtze front: the speedy loss of Canton and the conviction that the Japanese victory in the south had been secured by bribery had consequently a most damaging effect on morale in Hankow and undoubtedly accelerated the abandonment of the city's defences. Meanwhile, the tact and perseverance of Father Jacquinot and the Safety Zone Committee had been instrumental in convincing Mme. Chiang Kai-shek of the merits of a scheme which involved the demilitarisation of the entire ex-Concession area and, in accepting the plans for a safety zone, the Chinese command were thus enabled to make a virtue of what was already considered a necessity. In an address to journalists on the 25th October Mr. Hollington Tong put the Chinese case for evacuation by emphasising the need for the Chinese army to take the initiative in withdrawing their most valuable troops from an area which had no longer any military significance in order to continue their policy of wearing down the enemy by prolonged warfare (see enclosure No. 1).\n\n2. Formal approval was given by the Chinese Government on the 23rd October to the establishment in the Hankow ex-Concession area of a refugee zone...\n\n[508 r-2]\n\n238\n\n129",
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    {
        "id": 564241,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "page_number": 204,
        "title": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "content_text": "## 239\n\n2 \n\nThe following events relate to the Hankow Safety Zone, the assumption by the Zone Committee of the City Government's administrative rights in the area. The minutes of the Refugee Zone Committee meeting form enclosure No. 2 to this despatch.\n\n3. The Generalissimo left Hankow by China National Aviation Corporation plane for Hengyang on the night of 24th October, and General Lo Cho-ying completed the withdrawal of his troops from the Wuhan area, an operation which had lasted about ten days, during the night of the 25th October. The retreat was ably and speedily carried out, and so sudden was the disappearance of the Chinese front that the Japanese troops advancing along the southern bank of the Yangtze were unable to keep pace with or even to locate the Chinese army. Wuchang was found to be deserted by military and civilians alike on occupation, and the Japanese thrust in the Hsienning sector was successfully avoided by the Chinese troops in their retreat to Changsha. Members of the consular staff who witnessed the withdrawal through the western suburbs of Hankow can testify to the cheerfulness and orderly behaviour of the Chinese troops.\n\n4. On the 24th October, the British Naval Relief Force was transferred from the ships to headquarters in two of the consulate houses and thereupon undertook, in co-operation with some forty civilian volunteers and the Chinese police force of S.A.D. 3, the policing of S.A.D's 2 and 3. A small force of foreign volunteers took over the policing of the ex-German Concession area where two British gunboats were stationed. An electrical expert from the British naval forces contrived, at the admiral's instructions, to disconnect certain suspicious-looking wires in Japanese buildings in S.A.D. 3, and the naval landing party and volunteers accomplished useful work in transferring to the bed of the Yangtze some 4 tons of dynamite deposited by the Chinese army in the `Nisshin Kisen Kaisha` and `Nippon Yusen Kaisha` buildings, the `Yokohama Specie Bank`, the `Bank of Taiwan`, and other Japanese buildings.\n\nIt had been no secret for some time that the Chinese had placed explosives in many buildings. This had formed the subject of repeated representations to the garrison commander and many other Chinese officials, including the Generalissimo himself, but the only information that could be elicited was that it had not yet been decided whether the buildings would be blown up, and assurances that we should be given at least twelve hours' notice before it was done. Chinese nerves, however, were strained, and the possibility that some reckless extremist might let his feelings run away with his judgment or discipline was sufficiently present to cause a good deal of apprehension among residents.\n\n5. A party of some half-dozen Japanese marines landed at the Japanese Concession from a motor launch at 8 AM on the 26th October and shortly left again after submitting to the necessary attentions of a group of foreign journalists. At 3 PM, the roar of Japanese sampans was heard from down river, and by 4 o'clock, a fleet of five destroyers, sloops, and smaller craft with transport vessels in their rear was drawn up along the entire ex-concession front. The military had made their entrance one hour previously when they perpetrated the first invasion of the refugee area by marching a detachment of infantry through a section of S.A.D. 1 en route for the Chinese city. Before nightfall, the Japanese gendarmerie had assumed control of the entire S.A.D. 1 area, following an intimation to Rear-Admiral Holt. Foreign volunteers continued to police S.A.D. 2 during the night of the 26th-27th October but were withdrawn on the morning of the 27th, when the policing of the area was taken over by Japanese marines. The invaders can hardly have been surprised on reaching their concession to find that it had been thoroughly destroyed, and it is worth noting that the explosions which made the night of the 26th so memorable (see enclosure No. 3) were mostly confined to that area, though several military and police headquarters in the Chinese city and at Wuchang were dynamited. Japanese buildings in the concession areas, partly owing to consular representations and partly to action by His Majesty's navy (see paragraph 4), were finally left intact, while it is said that the general immunity accorded to Chinese properties throughout the three cities was obtained by the judicious expenditure of several million dollars which were passed by the native chamber of commerce to the military authorities.\n\n6. On the morning of the 27th, the Rear-Admiral, at a meeting held at his residence attended by the Acting Consul-General, the Japanese head of gendarmerie, and a major representing the military command, intimated his willingness to withdraw naval forces from S.A.D. 2 and S.A.D. 3 (see my telegram No. 102 to Shanghai). At the request of the Japanese representative, the British naval landing party continued to patrol the area and man the gates, with the exception of the Bund entrances, where Japanese police were stationed. On the morning of the 28th, a contingent of some 800 Japanese infantry demanded access to S.A.D. 3 at the Tientsin Road gate and, on being admitted by the British sentries, were escorted by special police through S.A.D. 3 to the customs-house. Meanwhile, the question of policing the area had again formed the subject of a conversation between the Rear-Admiral and representatives of the Japanese special police and naval forces, at which the Director of S.A.D. 3 happened to be present. At this meeting, the minutes of which have already been communicated in my telegram No. 105 of the 28th October, the Japanese officials lost no time in signifying their acceptance of the offer which Rear-Admiral Holt had made on the previous day regarding the withdrawal of his men in S.A.D. 3 in favour of the Japanese gendarmerie. The outcome of these deliberations, though no formal agreement was made or was possible, given the nature of the contracting parties, was the ceremonial handing over of control of the S.A.D. 3 police to the Japanese gendarmerie at a parade held outside the Rear-Admiral's residence at 11 AM on the 29th October. As stated in my despatch, I immediately wrote, on learning the nature of the assurance given at this meeting, to the head of the Japanese police, pointing out that the assumption by the Japanese authorities of policing duties in S.A.D. 3 was not in accordance with the administrative rights enjoyed by British subjects.\n\nAfter receiving the call of the newly appointed Japanese Consul-General, Mr. Y. Hanawa, I wrote, enclosing a copy of my letter to the head of gendarmerie, and stated that His Majesty's Government reserved full rights in the S.A.D. 3 area according to the provisions of the Chen-O'Malley Agreement, which I considered had not been affected by the agreement entered into by the Rear-Admiral. At a meeting of the British Chamber of Commerce on the 1st November, the question of the policing of S.A.D.3 was discussed, and the agreement, which entailed the virtual suppression of the S.A.D. 3 Chinese police in favour of Japanese gendarmerie, came in for widespread criticism. A motion was carried to urge the British authorities in Shanghai, by means of the British Chamber of Commerce, to do their utmost to prevent further concessions to the Japanese in defiance of the British Government's treaty rights in S.A.D. 3.\n\n7. The days intervening since the occupation have not been in any way remarkable. The Japanese military police responsible for the welfare of S.A.D. 3 have carried out their duties conscientiously on the whole. Property marked with British consular notices has been, with one exception, scrupulously respected, and misunderstandings have in most cases been cleared up. There has been no disorder or insulting behaviour, but British subjects are naturally chafing under curfew regulations which confine them to the area, owing to the closing of gates, which were erected for very different purposes, between the hours of 6 PM to 6 AM. The Japanese Consul-General has, however, promised to use his good offices to obtain an abatement of the latter nuisance. During the day-time, there has been accorded an absolute freedom of movement, and were any trade, or any prospects of such, restored, the situation would not be without hope.\n\n8. To return to the fortunes of the safety zone, events have proved that the invading forces had received no instructions to avoid entering the designated area, and that the Japanese command only considered itself bound to refrain from armed attack on the zone. The Hankow Safety Zone project has consequently not met with the success which the painstaking efforts of its organisers deserved. The behaviour of the Japanese soldiery has not, however, given rise to much adverse criticism by the foreigners in charge of the refugees, though their actions, had the Chinese made any attempt to defend the city, might well have been very different. The refugees, who had, the day after the Japanese entry, mostly congregated in the streets of S.A.D.3, have now been transported to a zone designated by the Japanese on the banks of the Han River at Wu Sheng Miao, the boundaries of which are policed by Japanese gendarmerie. The Safety Zone Committee has set up its headquarters in this new area and is now preparing the organisation of a police force recruited from refugees for the interior administration and sanitation of the zone. The inhabitants have been free from molestation (with the exception, which has just been reported, of the brutal murder of a Chinese by a drunken Japanese soldier who contrived to elude the sentries and has now been handed over to the Japanese authorities).\n\n## 240",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939.txt",
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    {
        "id": 569340,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-583-19 Administration of government 19-5-1940 - 22-5-1941",
        "page_number": 48,
        "title": "CO129-583-19 Administration of government 19-5-1940 - 22-5-1941",
        "content_text": "SECRETARY \n\nOF STATE \n\nFOR \n\nWAR \n\n \n\n2 \n\n148 \n\n26th June, 1940. \n\n \n\nMy dear Jean George, \n\nYou asked me on the telephone today to let you have particulars of the service of Major-General E.F. Norton, C.B., D.S.O., M.C., whom I suggested to you as the Military Governor at Hong Kong. \n\nNorton's age is now 56 and 3 months. He was first commissioned in the R.A., 1902. \n\nHe served in France and Belgium throughout the war of 1914-18, holding various Staff appointments and Commands, being mentioned in Despatches three times and earning a brevet majority, the D.S.O. and M.C. \n\nSince the war he has held various Staff appointments, including Chief Instructor at the Staff College, Quetta, and an important General Staff post at Aldershot. He is a graduate of the Imperial Defence College. \n\nHe went to India early in 1938 on special employment, was then appointed District Commander, Madras, and has recently been transferred from there to the Command of the Western District. \n\nYou will probably remember also that he led the Everest Expedition a few years ago and in his attempt to rescue two of the party, who had failed to return from their effort to get to the summit, reached the highest altitude ever attained by a man without oxygen. \n\nThe Rt. Hon. Lord Lloyd, \n\nG.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., D.S.O., \n\nColonial Office.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-583-19 Administration of government 19-5-1940 - 22-5-1941.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 575966,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943",
        "page_number": 119,
        "title": "CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943",
        "content_text": "8. While I do not recommend that the total number of Infantry Battalions now allocated to coast defence duties should be reduced, it will be satisfactory, from both the operational and training points of view, if the responsibilities of two of these coast defence battalions were to be undertaken, successively, by infantry units from the 4th Division and Brigade Groups of the 6th Division. This would reduce the number of battalions now held in general (mobile) reserve from 13 battalions (4th Division plus one Infantry Brigade of 6th Division) to 11 battalions, but this number, in my opinion, should be ample to meet any contingency which may arise in Canada within the next six or more months.\n\n9. After examining the problem from various aspects, I have come to the conclusion that the most suitable selections from amongst the battalions now on coast defence or in the 3 Infantry Brigade Groups of the 6th Division would be:-\n\n(a) The Royal Rifles of Canada-Quebec\n\n(b) The Winnipeg Grenadiers-Winnipeg\n\n10. As you know, these units returned not long ago from duty in Newfoundland and the West Indies respectively. The duties which they there carried out were not in many respects unlike the task which awaits the units to be sent to Hong Kong. The experience they have had will therefore be of no small value to them in their new role. Both are units of proven efficiency.\n\n11. In my opinion, the balance of argument favours the selection of these two battalions. I would be very reluctant to allot them indefinitely to a home defence role as the effect on their morale, following a period of \"semi-overseas\" responsibilities would be bound to be adverse. The selection represents both Eastern and Western Canada. In the case of the Royal Rifles, there is also the fact that this battalion, while nominally English-speaking, is actually drawn from a region overwhelmingly French-speaking in character and contains an important proportion of Canadians of French descent.\n\n12. I have spoken to the Adjutant-General and there are no administrative difficulties which should prevent the early movement of these two battalions.\n\n(Sgd.) H.D.G.C.\n\nMajor-General, C.G.S.\n\nIt is convenient to quote here from the evidence given by General Crerar:-\n\nIn the light of situation in the Far East obtaining at that time, I selected those particular battalions for the reason stated in my memorandum dated September 30th.\n\nAnd further:-\n\nI have already referred to training and service which these two units had undergone, and in their cases it was a few weeks refresher only which was indicated.\n\nGeneral Crerar was better qualified than anyone else to advise the Government in respect to the composition of Force \"C\". He had at his command all available sources of information as to the history, the training, and the character of all ranks of the battalions available. He had complete knowledge of the claims (and their relative value) arising out of the necessities of home defence and commitments overseas. He fully understood the military considerations affecting the relative importance, for example, of maintaining and strengthening our forces in Great Britain and maintaining sufficient reserves for them. It is clear from the evidence of General McNaughton that he would\n\nPage 21\n\nhave opposed, on military grounds, of course, with the utmost of his influence, any withdrawal, for the expedition to Hong Kong, of any of the battalions already \"earmarked\" for the Canadian Corps in Great Britain. It would be the duty of the Chief of the General Staff to weigh all the considerations affecting the advisability of taking any unit from the 4th Division. Nobody was in a better position to weigh such considerations. No one could be better capable of forming an estimate of the effect of any given choice upon the morale of the army as a whole, or of any particular part of it. While war with Japan was not, he thought, imminent, he realized that it was a contingency which must be taken into account. He had, as we have seen, recent and authoritative information respecting the situation in Hong Kong. In these circumstances he said in his recommendation:-\n\n2. As these units are going to a distant and important garrison where they will be detached from any other Canadian forces, a primary consideration is that they should be efficient, well-trained battalions, capable of upholding the credit of the Dominion in any circumstances.\n\n10. As you know, these units returned not long ago from duty in Newfoundland and the West Indies respectively. The duties which they there carried out were not in many respects unlike the task which awaits the units to be sent to Hong Kong. The experience they have had will therefore be of no small value to them in their new role. Both are units of proven efficiency.\n\nThe Minister of National Defence received this recommendation from General Crerar and discussed it with him. Colonel Ralston stated in evidence that he discussed only one point with General Crerar. As all units are anxious to have an opportunity to serve outside Canada, and as the Royal Rifles and the Winnipeg Grenadiers had already had assignments to Newfoundland and the West Indies, respectively, he asked for the opinion of General Crerar whether the selection of these two battalions for a second turn of overseas duty would give other units in Canada a feeling that there was discrimination against them and in favour of these two battalions. General Crerar thought, Colonel Ralston says, that there were two sides to this question and \"that these units, having done duty abroad and having served well, were entitled to have this assignment, and that it would make for the morale of the army that it be given to them rather than that other units be selected and these two units re-assigned to coast defence duty in Canada\". The Minister of National Defence gave his approval to the selection made by the Chief of the General Staff. I am quite unable to understand on what principle the Minister of National Defence is chargeable with error in judgment in acting on the recommendation of the Chief of the General Staff. I can perceive no ground upon which the propriety of his decision to accept the advice of his professional adviser can be justly criticized.\n\nIt is not without interest to mention that, in discussing the selection of these units with Colonel (now Brigadier) Macklin, of the General Staff, before the formal recommendation was made, General Crerar observed to Colonel Macklin, with regard to them, \"they have been half-way to the war already\". It is well to emphasize that General Crerar laid it down as the fundamental condition of the selection of the units for this force that \"they should be efficient, well-trained battalions, capable of upholding the credit of the Dominion in any circumstances\"; and his decision that they fulfilled that condition is the basis of his recommendation. General Crerar was not merely giving an opinion; he was deciding upon a matter of fact, which it was his duty as Chief of the General Staff to decide, for the purpose of making recommendation concerning the composition of this force, upon which he expected the\n\nPage 128",
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    },
    {
        "id": 575976,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943",
        "page_number": 129,
        "title": "CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943",
        "content_text": "40\n\nsaw a number of men from both the District Depot and the Basic Training Centre and from these personally selected the necessary number to complete his establishment. In this way 40 men from the District Depot and 23 men from the Basic Training Centre-all of whom were volunteers-were added to the strength of the Winnipeg Grenadiers.\n\nBefore examining in detail the qualifications and training of the men added, one further general comment should be made. It was decided that the Winnipeg Grenadiers should be brought up to the required strength by volunteers from mid-western Canada, through Military District No. 10. This decision appears reasonable in view of the fact that this regiment had originally been mobilized in this district. The primary responsibility for the additions to the strength rested on the Adjutant-General's Department and its execution was committed to Colonel Hennessy, the Director of Organization. Brigadier Riley (the officer commanding Military District No. 10) took steps to provide the necessary number of volunteers for the consideration and acceptance of Colonel Sutcliffe (the officer commanding the Winnipeg Grenadiers). In all such steps Brigadier Riley conferred with and obtained the approval of Colonel Hennessy, who relied, and properly relied, upon the decision of the local officers as to the acceptance or rejection of available volunteers. In fact, Colonel Hennessy, as Director of Organization, approved all steps taken to obtain additions to the strength of the Winnipeg Grenadiers; the District provided the necessary number of volunteers; and either Colonel Sutcliffe, or his second-in-command, Major Trist, personally interviewed every man who came from the District Depot and the Basic Training Centre. The men from the Advanced Training Centre at Dundern were accepted on the report from that centre that they were all fully trained. The men from Advanced Training Centre No. 15 at Winnipeg were accepted on the recommendation of Colonel Graham, who was in command of that centre and was, therefore, in the best position to know of their qualifications.\n\nA number of senior officers gave evidence as to the great value of the personal selection of men by a competent commanding officer. Lieutenant-General McNaughton said in evidence:-\n\nIf I were the Commanding Officer and had had the chance to select the men and know them individually-see that they were all right-I would not have worried very much whether they had completed the basic training or not, because character is the thing we lay most stress on, and, if they were people who were suitable in my judgment to incorporate in the battalion, I would have been perfectly satisfied to have had them\n\nI would not have worried from the point of view of military efficiency one iota, because, if they are the right type of men, even on the voyage over I would have completed their individual training.\n\nThese opinions were confirmed by both General Crerar and General Stuart· and are, of course, of the greatest weight in considering the fitness of these additions to the strength of the Winnipeg Grenadiers.\n\nWith regard to the 189 men from Advanced Training Centre No. 15, while they had been at the Training Centre for periods ranging from two weeks to over a year, and while 42 of them had been in the active army for less than sixteen weeks, the Commandant of the Training Centre, Colonel Graham, says they had all fired their courses at the ranges with rifles, light machine guns, anti-aircraft rifles and anti-aircraft guns.\n\nWith regard to the 42 men mentioned above, all with one exception (a man who enlisted on August 1, 1941), had had military experience, either with a militia regiment, a unit of the permanent forces, or in a Basic or Advanced Training Centre prior to enlistment in the active army. As illustrations the following may be noted: One man who enlisted on July 16, 1941 had served with the Royal Irish Constabulary and for two years with the Seaforth Highlanders; one who enlisted on July 17, 1941, had had one year with the Dragoons;\n\n41\n\none who enlisted July 24, 1941, had also had one year with the Dragoons; one who enlisted on July 16, 1941 had had six years in the Gloucester Regiment; one who enlisted on July 10, 1941 had had nine years in a militia regiment; one who enlisted on August 28, 1941 had previously been at a Basic Training Centre for nine weeks; one who enlisted August 28, 1941 had had two months previous service at a Basic Training Centre; one who enlisted on the same day had previously had twelve weeks at a Basic and an Advanced Training Centre. Of these 42 men, the latest enlistments were three men who enlisted respectively on September 5 and 11. One of these had previously been with the Forestry Corps as a fitter; one had been with the Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps, and one had been in the Forestry Corps and had had ten weeks at a Basic Training Centre.\n\nIn the period immediately prior to October, 1941, the Advanced Training Centre No. 15, from which these men came, had, for training purposes, an adequate supply of rifles, bayonets, light machine guns, anti-tank rifles, Tommy-guns and dummy grenades. This Centre, in common with other Training Centres and units in Canada, was at that time without 2\" and 3\" mortars for training purposes.\n\nThirty men were added to the Winnipeg Grenadiers from the Advanced (Machine Gun) Training Centre at Dundern, Sask. All these men had completed their advanced training and twelve of them were trained specialists. In some respects this group were trained beyond the standard laid down in the syllabi for training centres, as they had received instruction in field engineering and pistol training that was not prescribed in the syllabi.\n\nForty men were transferred to the Winnipeg Grenadiers from No. 10 District Depot at Winnipeg. It will be recalled that these men were obtained after it appeared that further additions would be required than had been originally anticipated at the time the unit was selected for service in Hong Kong. Permission was accordingly obtained from headquarters in Ottawa to seek volunteers at the district depot. The district depot receives all men when they are recruited and also men who are being transferred from one unit to another. It was described as a \"manning pool\" for the district. At the time that volunteers for the Winnipeg Grenadiers were being sought, there were 23 men at the district depot who had been left behind by the 18th Reconnaissance Battalion when that unit left the district. These men had had considerable training with their unit, but had been left behind because they were thought not suitable for the specialized work of a reconnaissance battalion. The time served by the men from the 18th Reconnaissance Battalion was as follows: One had served four weeks; one, five weeks; one, six weeks; three, twelve weeks; four, thirteen weeks; one fourteen weeks; one, fifteen weeks; eight for sixteen weeks; one for eighteen weeks; one for nineteen weeks, and one for twenty weeks. Of the remaining seventeen men from the District Depot, one had already served twenty-four weeks at a Machine Gun Training Centre before being attached to the Depot; in the same way one had served twenty weeks at a Basic Training Centre; one had served five weeks in a Basic Training Centre and prior to that had been in a Reserve Battalion from August 13, 1940 to the date of his enlistment on April 10, 1941; one had had two periods of thirty days and eight weeks at Basic Training Centres; one had had eight weeks in a militia regiment; one had trained with the Grenadiers themselves for one year from September 18, 1939; one had had thirty days at a Basic Training Centre; one had had the same experience, followed by eight weeks in a Divisional Supply unit; one had sixteen weeks with a militia regiment; one had had eight weeks with a Divisional Supply unit; one had had eight weeks at a Basic Training Centre; one had had six months with a militia regiment; one had been in a Reserve Signallers Battalion for thirty-seven weeks; one had formerly been with the battalion for thirty weeks, having returned from the West Indies in April, 1941. Of the remaining three men, one had\n\n148",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 577016,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-591-14 Military Administration- liaison with Chinese and American forces 11-4-1945 - 25-7-1945",
        "page_number": 50,
        "title": "CO129-591-14 Military Administration- liaison with Chinese and American forces 11-4-1945 - 25-7-1945",
        "content_text": "Major W. C. Donaldson, 36, New York City, N. Y., Executive Officer, and the heads of six G-5 branches: Colonel Carl Junge, 45, Lincoln, Nebr., Lieutenant-Colonels Herman A. Hauch, 35, Marathon, N.Y., Walter G. Sylvester, 31, Jersey City, N.J., Paul J. B. Murphy, 55, Staunton, Va., A. J. Binsfield, 45, Des Moines, La., and Wesley B. Edwards, 32, Washington, D.C.\n\nThe G-5 offices in Chungking are the nerve centre of a network of activities that affect or are affected by every military action in China. From here decisions come that reflect the desire of the Theatre Commander to exploit every opportunity to improve military strategy by improving civilian relationships and by increasing the volume of Chinese-produced war materials and essential civilian goods.\n\nTo carry out this policy, the G-5 section has been sub-divided into six branches, each with independent as well as many inter-locking functions and each in turn co-operating with United States and Allied civilian agencies, such as the United States Office of War Information, the Office of Strategic Services, the American Production Mission, British and French Information Services and Missions, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency, and numerous Chinese civilian and government organisations.\n\nRequirements and Assignments Branch.\n\nThe first of the branches is Requirements and Assignments under Lieutenant-Colonel Hauch, which was primarily organised to meet problems of military lend-lease aid to China. However, since the main and almost the only means of transporting commodities into China is controlled by the United States army, G-5 is responsible for determining through G-4 (supply) the total military needs, so that a ceiling may be placed on civilian lend-lease shipments.\n\nOfficers of this branch work in conjunction with civilian experts of the United States Foreign Economic Administration (F.E.A.), who screen civilian requests to determine the priority according to need, and submit requests, based on their studies, for approval by G-5.\n\nProduction Branch.\n\nThe Production Branch is directed by Lieut.-Colonel Sylvester and is assigned to stimulating Chinese industry with the immediate object of securing all possible military supplies from China itself, thus reducing the long haul and expensive procurement problems which must otherwise be met.\n\nHelping the Production Branch in this programme are some 25 civilian production men from all fields, in China as members of the American Production Mission, successor to the Nelson Mission. The American Production Mission has the primary duty of supplying qualified technical advisers to the Chinese War Production Board which was set up last fall on the pattern of the W.P.B. in Washington.\n\nVery encouraging results have been attained through these efforts. Production of both military and essential civilian goods has already shown some improvement, and while the greater part of the military requirements still have to come over the Hump or Stilwell Road from India, China's industry is assuming more and more of the burden.\n\nSpeaking of this aspect of the G-5 programme, General Olmsted points out that it has a long range as well as a short range application. Besides meeting immediate military needs, the increased production skills and industrial knowledge that result are the best kind of guarantee for a strong and united China after the war.\n\nBy stimulating Chinese interest in their own capabilities and natural resources, the Production Branch has done much to encourage an economically sound China for the years to come.\n\nProcurement Branch.\n\nThe third of the branches, Procurement, led by Lieutenant-Colonel Paul J. B. Murphy, is closely allied to the Production Branch, since it is usually the job of Procurement to obtain supplies that have been manufactured through the efforts of the Production Branch.\n\nThe policy followed by the Procurement Branch in making purchases in China is to buy as much as possible on a reverse lend-lease basis. Selling in this way, China is approaching, to some degree at least, a pay-as-you-go economy in wartime; post-war debts should be greatly reduced through this means. However, the application of reverse lend-lease is greatly complicated by China's rather unsteady finances and spiralling inflation.\n\nThis branch works closely with relief agencies, notably U.N.R.R.A., in achieving maximum co-ordination in the solution of specific problems, such as the refugee situation existing to-day in Kweichow Province.\n\nAnother activity of the Procurement Branch also made more difficult by inflation is handling fiscal problems met by United States Forces in buying from China. One problem is the tax remission which is paid by the Chinese Government on all military purchases. Ferreting out and determining the taxes, particularly the indirect taxes, on any given purchase, is a hard job.\n\nClandestine Branch.\n\nThe last of the G-5 branches is the intriguingly-named Clandestine Branch, under Lieut.-Colonel Wesley B. Edwards, which is the co-ordinating organisation for all quasi-military activities.\n\nThe mission of the Clandestine Branch is co-ordination of the efforts of United States, Chinese and other Allied groups in order to combine their resources and achieve maximum striking power against the enemy through quasi-military means.\n\nThe results of the work of the G-5 section are relatively difficult to analyse although some of it appears in production statistics, more in the increasing volume of military necessities delivered by Chinese manufacturers, and even more in the costly yards gained and bases recovered in the present successful Chinese drives to clean out the corridor of occupation.\n\nHowever, the real gauge of the success of General Olmsted and his helpers, like the contribution of the other sections of General Wedemeyer command, lies not in single achievements or accumulation of achievements, but in the overall success of the military effort they all serve.\n\nCivilian Economy Branch.\n\nThe Civilian Economy Branch, under Lieut.-Colonel Binsfield, has as its main purpose the control of the inflationary process. There seems to be little chance that inflation in China can be stopped altogether and efforts at the present time are mainly intended to hold back until more normal times in the post-war era permit China to reestablish her finances and assume the command of the economic structure of the country that the present situation makes impossible.\n\nIn April, General Olmsted, accompanied by Dr. T. V. Soong, now President of the Executive Yuan and then Minister of Foreign Affairs, went to Washington to secure economic advice and sanctions to carry out this objective. As a result, several changes have been introduced into China's economy. The gold policy has been corrected and the flow of gold into China has been resumed. Some civilian consumer goods have been brought in and have been used to barter for more essential supplies in areas where finances are particularly critical.\n\nA second function of the Civil Economy Branch is developing measures to combat hoarding. Rationing and price control have proved impossible without the more closely organised machinery of the western world. China, for example, has no accurate census, and setting up a rationing system would not only be impracticable because it wouldn't work. The only way to prevent hoarding in China is to make it economically undesirable to hoard and recommendations are now being prepared to enforce the registration of all holdings of essential materials, and it is hoped, by the use of taxes and other means, to achieve the same results that rationing would have in a more closely controlled economy.\n\nThe Civilian Economy Branch represents the theatre commander in relations with American and Allied business interests in China. Businesses now here often have access to facilities or materials that can be used in the military programmes and new corporate interests or those wishing to expand their trade in China are screened to insure that their activities will not interfere with the conduct of the war.\n\nThis branch takes an important part in representing the theatre commander in relations with United States organisations such as the O.W.I., or with Chinese and Allied organisations primarily concerned with civilian affairs.\n\nA less complex, though important, duty of the Civilian Economy Branch is the control of civilian traffic on military aircraft and transport in general. In transportation-starved China, civilian passengers find it difficult to move on anything other than military planes. It is the responsibility of the civilian traffic control officers and men to see that all civilian traffic is controlled and limited to that dictated by military necessity.\n\nPage 50\n\nPage 51",
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    },
    {
        "id": 577019,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-591-14 Military Administration- liaison with Chinese and American forces 11-4-1945 - 25-7-1945",
        "page_number": 53,
        "title": "CO129-591-14 Military Administration- liaison with Chinese and American forces 11-4-1945 - 25-7-1945",
        "content_text": "53\n\n2\n\nMajor W. C. Donaldson, 36, New York City, N.Y., Executive Officer, and the heads of six G-5 branches: Colonel Carl Junge, 45, Lincoln, Nebr., Lieutenant-Colonels Herman A. Hauch, 35, Marathon, N.Y., Walter G. Sylvester, 31, Jersey City, N.J., Paul J. B. Murphy, 55, Staunton, Va., A. J. Binsfield, 45, Des Moines, Ia., and Wesley B. Edwards, 32, Washington, D.C.\n\nThe G-5 offices in Chungking are the nerve centre of a network of activities that affect or are affected by every military action in China. From here decisions come that reflect the desire of the Theatre Commander to exploit every opportunity to improve military strategy by improving civilian relationships and by increasing the volume of Chinese-produced war materials and essential civilian goods.\n\nTo carry out this policy, the G-5 section has been sub-divided into six branches, each with independent as well as many inter-locking functions and each in turn co-operating with United States and Allied civilian agencies, such as the United States Office of War Information, the Office of Strategic Services, the American Production Mission, British and French Information Services and Missions, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency, and numerous Chinese civilian and government organisations.\n\nRequirements and Assignments Branch.\n\nThe first of the branches is Requirements and Assignments under Lieutenant-Colonel Hauk, which was primarily organised to meet problems of military lend-lease aid to China. However, since the main and almost the only means of transporting commodities into China is controlled by the United States army, G-5 is responsible for determining through G-4 (supply) the total military needs, so that a ceiling may be placed on civilian lend-lease shipments.\n\nOfficers of this branch work in conjunction with civilian experts of the United States Foreign Economic Administration (F.E.A.), who screen civilian requests to determine the priority according to need, and submit requests, based on their studies, for approval by G-5.\n\nProduction Branch.\n\nThe Production Branch is directed by Lieut.-Colonel Sylvester and is assigned to stimulating Chinese industry with the immediate object of securing all possible military supplies from China itself, thus reducing the long haul and expensive procurement problems which must otherwise be met.\n\nHelping the Production Branch in this programme are some 25 civilian production men from all fields, in China as members of the American Production Mission, successor to the Nelson Mission. The American Production Mission has the primary duty of supplying qualified technical advisers to the Chinese War Production Board which was set up last fall on the pattern of the W.P.B. in Washington.\n\nVery encouraging results have been attained through these efforts. Production of both military and essential civilian goods has already shown some improvement, and while the greater part of the military requirements still have to come over the Hump or Stilwell Road from India, China's industry is assuming more and more of the burden.\n\nSpeaking of this aspect of the G-5 programme, General Olmsted points out that it has a long range as well as a short range application. Besides meeting immediate military needs, the increased production skills and industrial knowledge that result are the best kind of guarantee for a strong and united China after the war.\n\nBy stimulating Chinese interest in their own capabilities and natural resources, the Production Branch has done much to encourage an economically sound China for the years to come.\n\nProcurement Branch.\n\nThe third of the branches, Procurement, led by Lieutenant-Colonel Paul J. B. Murphy, is closely allied to the Production Branch, since it is usually the job of Procurement to obtain supplies that have been manufactured through the efforts of the Production Branch.\n\nThe policy followed by the Procurement Branch in making purchases in China is to buy as much as possible on a reverse lend-lease basis. Selling in this way, China is approaching, to some degree at least, a pay-as-you-go economy in wartime; post-war debts should be greatly reduced through this means. However, the application of reverse lend-lease is greatly complicated by China's rather unsteady finances and spiralling inflation.\n\n3\n\nThis branch works closely with relief agencies, notably U.N.R.R.A., in achieving maximum co-ordination in the solution of specific problems, such as the refugee situation existing to-day in Kweichow Province.\n\nAnother activity of the Procurement Branch also made more difficult by inflation is handling fiscal problems met by United States Forces in buying from China. One problem is the tax remission which is paid by the Chinese Government on all military purchases. Ferreting out and determining the taxes, particularly the indirect taxes, on any given purchase, is a hard job.\n\nClandestine Branch.\n\nThe last of the G-5 branches is the intriguingly-named Clandestine Branch, under Lieut.-Colonel Wesley B. Edwards, which is the co-ordinating organisation for all quasi-military activities.\n\nThe mission of the Clandestine Branch is co-ordination of the efforts of United States, Chinese and other Allied groups in order to combine their resources and achieve maximum striking power against the enemy through quasi-military means.\n\nThe results of the work of the G-5 section are relatively difficult to analyse although some of it appears in production statistics, more in the increasing volume of military necessities delivered by Chinese manufacturers, and even more in the costly yards gained and bases recovered in the present successful Chinese drives to clean out the corridor of occupation.\n\nHowever, the real gauge of the success of General Olmstead and his helpers, like the contribution of the other sections of General Wedemeyer command, lies not in single achievements or accumulation of achievements, but in the overall success of the military effort they all serve.\n\nCivilian Economy Branch.\n\nThe Civilian Economy Branch, under Lieut.-Colonel Bainsfeld, has as its main purpose the control of the inflationary process. There seems to be little chance that inflation in China can be stopped altogether and efforts at the present time are mainly intended to hold back until more normal times in the post-war era permit China to reestablish her finances and assume the command of the economic structure of the country that the present situation makes impossible.\n\nIn April, General Olmsted, accompanied by Dr. T. V. Soong, now President of the Executive Yuan and then Minister of Foreign Affairs, went to Washington to secure economic advice and sanctions to carry out this objective. As a result, several changes have been introduced into China's economy. The gold policy has been corrected and the flow of gold into China has been resumed. Some civilian consumer goods have been brought in and have been used to barter for more essential supplies in areas where finances are particularly critical.\n\nA second function of the Civil Economy Branch is developing measures to combat hoarding. Rationing and price control have proved impossible without the more closely organised machinery of the western world. China, for example, has no accurate census, and setting up a rationing system would not only be impracticable because it wouldn't work. The only way to prevent hoarding in China is to make it economically undesirable to hoard and recommendations are now being prepared to enforce the registration of all holdings of essential materials, and it is hoped, by the use of taxes and other means, to achieve the same results that rationing would have in a more closely controlled economy.\n\nThe Civilian Economy Branch represents the theatre commander in relations with American and Allied business interests in China. Businesses now here often have access to facilities or materials that can be used in the military programmes and new corporate interests or those wishing to expand their trade in China are screened to insure that their activities will not interfere with the conduct of the war.\n\nThis branch takes an important part in representing the theatre commander in relations with United States organisations such as the O.W.I., or with Chinese and Allied organisations primarily concerned with civilian affairs.\n\nA less complex, though important, duty of the Civilian Economy Branch is the control of civilian traffic on military aircraft and transport in general. In transportation-starved China, civilian passengers find it difficult to move on anything other than military planes. It is the responsibility of the civilian traffic control officers and men to see that all civilian traffic is controlled and limited to that dictated by military necessity.\n\n54",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "page_number": 28,
        "title": "CO129-591-18 Liberation of Hong Kong- arrangements for Japanese surrender 15-8-1945 - 19-4-1946",
        "content_text": "Page 2 of Commander-in-Chief's, Hongkong No. C. in C. Hongkong 5/67/3\n\nof 6th October, 1945.\n\n28\n\nThe following morning VENERABLE sent a Walrus and returned the envoy to Kai Tak and then returned the Avenger crew to VENERABLE.\n\n5. Meanwhile I had decided to enter harbour at 1200 the next day, by which time the minesweepers should have been able to sweep a narrow channel clear of moored mines right up to the boom. The Japanese sent several warnings that the Americans had dropped numerous mines from aircraft in these waters, and Commander Craven informed me that no ships of any size had been in or out of Hongkong through the Laimun Pass for some time, so that there was a definite risk of mines. I considered, however, that it was an acceptable risk.\n\n6.\n\n30th August.\n\nAt daybreak on 30th August, a strike of T.B.R. aircraft escorted by fighters was flown off as well as a small CAP. The strike flew over the whole area in close formation, firstly as a demonstration and secondly, ready to take action in case of enemy action. The strike was kept up all day, INDOMITABLE and VENERABLE taking it in turns to fly off. At 1000 I transferred my Flag to SWIFTSURE and in company with KEMPENFELT, EURYALUS, TUSCAN, PRINCE ROBERT and two Submarines, proceeded up harbour at 8 to 10 knots. As soon as we had got through the Laimun Pass without any opposition and without casualties from mines, MAIDSTONE, the remainder of the Submarines and the Minesweepers were called in. When they had safely negotiated the passage, ANSON was called in and INDOMITABLE was told to enter before dark, having flown on all her aircraft.\n\n7. On arrival, landing parties from SWIFTSURE and EURYALUS were sent ashore under the command of Commander W.L.M. Brown, DSC., RN., of SWIFTSURE and seized the Dockyard, clearing it of Japanese and Chinese with negligible opposition. The officers who were there included the Japanese Naval and Military Commanders who asked to have until the following day to clear out of their offices. They were told that they had only given the British officers half-an-hour to clear out with all their belongings, and they themselves were to go at once, but they would be allowed to send back for their belongings.\n\n8. Before entering harbour it was known that there were a large number of suicide boats in the Hongkong area, although the reconnaissance over the harbour had failed to detect any. Shortly before entering harbour a report was received from one of the aircraft that there was anything up to a hundred of these boats in Picnic Bay in Lamma Island. A little later aircraft reported three were heading for the western entrance to Man-o'-War anchorage. The aircraft were ordered to attack and they reported a score of one sunk, one beached and the other returned to harbour. The boats in the harbour were then well bombed and good results observed. Air patrols were maintained over the area until on 2nd September about 260 prisoners were rounded up and brought back to Victoria after all the boats had been destroyed.\n\n9. After we had secured, Mr. Gimson, who had been the Colonial Secretary at the fall of the Colony, and who had taken an Oath of Office and set up as Officer Administering the Government, came on board SWIFTSURE. We had a short conversation about the conditions in the Colony and it was apparent that he had lost no time in setting up the nucleus of a civil administration from the internees. I showed him my orders which I had received telling me to proclaim a Military administration, and how this should be done was briefly discussed.\n\n10.\n\nAfter that... ...\n\nPage 2\n\n(End of Page)\n\n \nNo additional text is added here as per the instructions. The last sentence \"After that/......\" is kept as it is, assuming it's the end of the available text.",
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        "page_number": 188,
        "title": "CO129-591-18 Liberation of Hong Kong- arrangements for Japanese surrender 15-8-1945 - 19-4-1946",
        "content_text": "188\n\n2\n\nto remain in the positions occupied at that time. No ship, vessel or aircraft is to be scuttled, or any damage done to their hull, machinery or equipment,\n\n3. The German High Command will at once issue to the appropriate commanders, and ensure the carrying out of any further orders issued by the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, and by the Soviet High Command.\n\n4. This act of military surrender is without prejudice to, and will be superseded by, any general instrument of surrender imposed by, or on behalf of, the United Nations and applicable to Germany and the German armed forces as a whole.\n\n5. In the event of the German High Command or any of the forces under their control failing to act in accordance with this Act of Surrender, the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, and the Soviet High Command will take such punitive or other action as they deem appropriate.\n\nSigned at Rheims, France, at 0241 on the 7th day of May, 1945.\n\nOn behalf of the German High Command:\n\nJODL.\n\nIn the presence of:\n\nOn behalf of the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force:\n\nW. B. SMITH.\n\nF. SEVEZ, Major-General, French Army (Witness),\n\nOn behalf of the Soviet High Command: SOUSLOPAROV.\n\n3.\n\nCommander, Allied Expeditionary Force, and the Soviet High Command prepared, with plenary powers, to execute a formal ratification on behalf of the German High Command of this act of Unconditional Surrender of the German armed forces:-\n\nChief of the High Command; Commander-in-Chief of the Army; Commander-in-Chief of the Navy; Commander-in-Chief of the Air Forces.\n\n(Signed) JODL, Representing the German High Command.\n\nDated 0241, 7th May, 1945, Rheims, France.\n\n(6)\n\nHeadquarters, 7th May, 1945.\n\n(Translation.)\n\nThe Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.\n\n(In replying kindly quote file number, date and summary of contents.)\n\nempower Field-Marshal Keitel as Chief of the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces and Commander-in-Chief of the Army, General-Admiral von Friedeburg as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Colonel-General Stumpf as representative of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, to verify the unconditional surrender of the German Armed Forces to the Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Expeditionary Force and to the Soviet Supreme Command.\n\nDONITZ, Grand Admiral.\n\n(Seal)\n\nSupreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force.\n\nSerial 1.\n\nOrders by the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, relating to Army and Air Forces under German Control.\n\n1. Local commanders of Army and Air Forces under German control on the Western Front, in Norway and in the Channel Islands will hold themselves in readiness to receive detailed orders for the surrender of their forces from the Supreme Commander's subordinate commanders opposite their front.\n\n2. In the case of Norway the Supreme Commander's representatives will be the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Scottish Command, and Air Officer Commanding 13 Group R.A.F.\n\n3. In the case of the Channel Islands the Supreme Commander's representatives will be the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Command, and Air Officer Commanding 10 Group R.A.F.\n\n(Signed) WALTER B. SMITH,\n\nDated 0241, 7th May, 1945, Rheims, France.\n\n(5)\n\nFor the Supreme Commander, A.E.F.\n\nUndertaking given by certain German Emissaries to the Allied High Commands. It is agreed by the German emissaries undersigned that the following German officers will arrive at a place and time designated by the Supreme\n\n(7)\n\nAct of Military Surrender.\n\n1. We the undersigned, acting by authority of the German High Command, hereby surrender unconditionally to the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, and simultaneously to the Supreme High Command of the Red Army all forces on land, at sea, and in the air who are at this date under German control.\n\n2. The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German military, naval and air authorities and to all forces under German control to cease active operations at 2301 hours Central European time on the 8th May, 1945, to remain in the positions occupied at that time and to disarm completely, handing over their weapons and equipment to the local Allied commanders or officers designated by Representatives of the Allied Supreme Commands. No ship, vessel, or aircraft is to be scuttled, or any damage done to their hull, machinery or equipment, and also to machines of all kinds, armament, apparatus, and all the technical means of prosecution of war in general.\n\n3. The German High Command will at once issue to the appropriate commanders, and ensure the carrying out of any further orders issued by the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, and by the Supreme High Command of the Red Army.\n\n4. This act of military surrender is without prejudice to, and will be superseded by, any general instrument of surrender imposed by, or on behalf of, the United Nations and applicable to Germany and the German armed forces as a whole.\n\n5. In the event of the German High Command or any of the forces under their control failing to act in accordance with this Act of Surrender, the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, and the Supreme High Command of the Red Army will take such punitive or other action as they deem appropriate.\n\n189",
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        "title": "CO129-591-18 Liberation of Hong Kong- arrangements for Japanese surrender 15-8-1945 - 19-4-1946",
        "content_text": "246\n\nRelations Department, Mr. Makimura, dressed as an officer complete with Samurai sword. He was interviewed by Captain J.A.S. Eccles, C.B.E., R.N., my Flag Captain, who gave him my detailed instructions to the Japanese Commander of what was required of him. He was then flown off again in an Avenger. By this time, however, the weather had closed in over Hong Kong and the Avenger failed to find Kai Tak. By this time it was getting dark and the aircraft failed to find its way back to INDOMITABLE and finally had to crash-land in Chinese Communist Territory, the only damage being a bent propeller. On seeing the aircraft land, representatives of the Chinese Communists came to make inquiries especially about the Japanese envoy. To protect him they were told that he was a prisoner but the Communists could not understand why we kept him prisoner and did not cut his throat.\n\nThe following morning VENERABLE sent a Walrus and returned the envoy to Kai Tak and then returned the Avenger crew to VENERABLE.\n\n5. Meanwhile I had decided to enter harbour at 12.00 the next day, by which time the minesweepers should have been able to sweep a narrow channel clear of moored mines right up to the boom. The Japanese sent several warnings that the Americans had dropped numerous mines from aircraft in these waters, and Commander Craven informed me that no ships of any size had been in or out of Hong Kong through the Laimun Pass for some time, so that there was a definite risk of mines. I considered, however, that it was an acceptable risk.\n\n30th August.\n\n5. At daybreak on 30th August, a strike of T.B.R. aircraft escorted by fighters was flown off as well as a small CAP. strike flew over the whole area in close formation, firstly as a demonstration and secondly, ready to take action in case of enemy action. This strike was kept up all day, INDOMITABLE and VENERABLE taking it in turns to fly off. At 10.00 I transferred my Flag to SWIFTSURE and in company with KEMPENFELT, EURYALUS, TUSCAN, PRINCE ROBERT and two Submarines, proceeded up harbour at 8 to 10 knots. As soon as we had got through the Laimun Pass without any opposition and without casualties from mines, MAIDSTONE, the remainder of the Submarines and the Minesweepers were called in. When they had safely negotiated the passage, ANSON was called in and INDOMITABLE was told to enter before dark, having flown on all her aircraft.\n\nOn arrival, landing parties from SWIFTSURE and EURYALUS were sent ashore under the command of Commander W.L.M. Brown, DoS, C., R.N., of SWIFTSURE and seized the Dockyard, clearing it of Japanese and Chinese with negligible opposition. The officers who were there included the Japanese Naval and Military Commanders who asked to have until the following day to clear out of their offices. They were told that they had only given the British officers half-an-hour to clear out with all their belongings, and they themselves were to go at once, but they would be allowed to send back for their belongings.\n\n8. Before entering harbour it was known that there were a large number of suicide boats in the Hong Kong area, although the reconnaissance over the harbour had failed to detect any. Shortly before entering harbour a report was received from one of the aircraft that there was anything up to a hundred of these boats in Picnic Bay in Lamma Island. A little later aircraft reported three were heading for the western entrance to Man-o'-war anchorage.",
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        "title": "CO129-591-18 Liberation of Hong Kong- arrangements for Japanese surrender 15-8-1945 - 19-4-1946",
        "content_text": "255\n\nRelations Department, Mr. Makimura, dressed as an officer complete with Samurai sword. He was interviewed by Captain J.A.S. Eccles, C.B.E., R.N., my Flag Captain, who gave him my detailed instructions to the Japanese Commander of what was required of him. He was then flown off again in an Avenger. By this time, however, the weather had closed in over Hong Kong and the Avenger failed to find Kai Tak. By this time it was getting dark and the aircraft failed to find its way back to INDOMITABLE and finally had to crash-land in Chinese Communist Territory, the only damage being a bent propeller. On seeing the aircraft land, representatives of the Chinese Communists came to make inquiries especially about the Japanese envoy. To protect him, they were told that he was a prisoner, but the Communists could not understand why we kept him prisoner and did not cut his throat!\n\nThe following morning VENERABLE sent a Walrus and returned the envoy to Kai Tak and then returned the Avenger crew to VENERABLE.\n\nPage 256\n\n5. Meanwhile, I had decided to enter harbour at 12.00 the next day, by which time the minesweepers should have been able to sweep a narrow channel clear of moored mines right up to the boom. The Japanese sent several warnings that the Americans had dropped numerous mines from aircraft in these waters, and Commander Craven informed me that no ships of any size had been in or out of Hong Kong through the Lyemun Pass for some time, so that there was a definite risk of mines. I considered, however, that it was an acceptable risk.\n\n30th August.\n\n6. At daybreak on 30th August, a strike of T.B.R. aircraft escorted by fighters was flown off as well as a small CAP. The strike flew over the whole area in close formation, firstly as a demonstration and secondly, ready to take action in case of enemy action. This strike was kept up all day, INDOMITABLE and VENERABLE taking it in turns to fly off. At 10.00, I transferred my Flag to SWIFTSURE and, in company with KEMPENFELT, EURYALUS, TUSCAN, PRINCE ROBERT, and two Submarines, proceeded up harbour at 8 to 10 knots. As soon as we had got through the Lyemun Pass without any opposition and without casualties from mines, MAIDSTONE, the remainder of the Submarines, and the Minesweepers were called in. When they had safely negotiated the passage, URSA was called in, and INDOMITABLE was told to enter before dark, having flown on all her aircraft.\n\n7. On arrival, landing parties from SWIFTSURE and EURYALUS were sent ashore under the command of Commander W.L.M. Brown, D.S.C., R.N., of SWIFTSURE and seized the Dockyard, clearing it of Japanese and Chinese with negligible opposition. The officers who were there included the Japanese Naval and Military Commanders who asked to have until the following day to clear out of their offices. They were told that they had only given the British officers half an hour to clear out with all their belongings, and they themselves were to go at once, but they would be allowed to send back for their belongings.\n\n8. Before entering harbour, it was known that there were a large number of suicide boats in the Hong Kong area, although the reconnaissance over the harbour had failed to detect any. Shortly before entering harbour, a report was received from one of the aircraft that there were anything up to a hundred of these boats in Picnic Bay in Lamma Island. A little later, aircraft reported that three were heading for the western entrance to Man-o'-War anchorage.",
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        "content_text": "264\n\nRelations Department, Mr. Makimura, dressed as an officer complete with samurai sword. He was interviewed by Captain J.A.S. Eccles, C.B.E., R.N., my Flag Captain, who gave him my detailed instructions to the Japanese Commander of what was required of him. He was then flown off again in an Avenger. However, the weather had closed in over Hong Kong and the Avenger failed to find Kai Tak. By this time it was getting dark and the aircraft failed to find its way back to INDOKITABLE and finally had to crash-land in Chinese Communist Territory, the only damage being a bent propeller. On seeing the aircraft land, representatives of the Chinese Communists came to make inquiries, especially about the Japanese envoy. To protect him, they were told that he was a prisoner, but the Communists could not understand why we kept him prisoner and did not cut his throat.\n\nThe following morning, VENERABLE sent a Walrus and returned the envoy to Kai Tak and then returned the Avenger crew to VENERABLE.\n\n5. Meanwhile, I had decided to enter harbour at 12.00 the next day, by which time the minesweepers should have been able to sweep a narrow channel clear of moored mines right up to the boom. The Japanese sent several warnings that the Americans had dropped numerous mines from aircraft in these waters, and Commander Craven informed me that no ships of any size had been in or out of Hong Kong through the Laimun Pass for some time, so that there was a definite risk of mines. I considered, however, that it was an acceptable risk.\n\n30th August.\n\n6. At daybreak on 30th August, a strike of T.B.R. aircraft escorted by fighters was flown off, as well as a small CAP. The strike flew over the whole area in close formation, firstly as a demonstration and secondly, ready to take action in case of enemy action. This strike was kept up all day, INDOKITABLE and VENERABLE taking it in turns to fly off. At 10.00, I transferred my Flag to SWIFTSURE and, in company with KEMPENFELT, HURTLUS, TUSCAN, PRINCE ROBERT, and two Submarines, proceeded up harbour at 8 to 10 knots. As soon as we had got through the Laimun Pass without any opposition and without casualties from mines, MAIDSTONE, the remainder of the Submarines, and the Minesweepers were called in. When they had safely negotiated the passage, ANSON was called in, and INDOKITABLE was told to enter before dark, having flown off all her aircraft.\n\n70\n\nOn arrival, landing parties from SWIFTSURE and EURYALUS were sent ashore under the command of Commander W.L.M. Brown, D.S.C., R.N., of SWIFTSURE, and seized the Dockyard, clearing it of Japanese and Chinese with negligible opposition. The officers who were there included the Japanese Naval and Military Commanders, who asked to have until the following day to clear out of their offices. They were told that they had only given the British officers half an hour to clear out with all their belongings, and they themselves were to go at once, but they would be allowed to send back for their belongings.\n\nShortly\n\n8. Before entering harbour, it was known that there were a large number of suicide boats in the Hong Kong area, although the reconnaissance over the harbour had failed to detect any. Before entering harbour, a report was received from one of the aircraft that there were anything up to a hundred of these boats in Picnic Bay in Lamma Island. A little later, aircraft reported three were heading for the western entrance to Man-o'-War anchorage.",
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        "page_number": 274,
        "title": "CO129-591-18 Liberation of Hong Kong- arrangements for Japanese surrender 15-8-1945 - 19-4-1946",
        "content_text": "273\n\nRelations Department, Mr. Makimura, dressed as an officer complete with Samurai sword. He was interviewed by Captain J. A. S. Eccles, C.B.E., R.N., my Flag Captain, who gave him my detailed instructions to the Japanese Commander of what was required of him. He was then flown off again in an Avenger. By this time, however, the weather had closed in over Hong Kong and the Avenger failed to find Kai Tak. By this time it was getting dark and the aircraft failed to find its way back to INDOMITABLE and finally had to crash-land in Chinese Communist Territory, the only damage being a bent propeller. On seeing the aircraft land, representatives of the Chinese Communists came to make inquiries especially about the Japanese envoy. To protect him they were told that he was a prisoner but the Communists could not understand why we kept him prisoner and did not cut his throat.\n\nThe following morning VENERABLE sent a Walrus and returned the envoy to Kai Tak and then returned the Avenger crew to VENERABLE.\n\n5. Meanwhile I had decided to enter harbour at 12.00 the next day, by which time the minesweepers should have been able to sweep a narrow channel clear of moored mines right up to the boom. The Japanese sent several warnings that the Americans had dropped numerous mines from aircraft in these waters, and Commander Craven informed me that no ships of any size had been in or out of Hong Kong through the Lyemun Pass for some time, so that there was a definite risk of mines. I considered, however, that it was an acceptable risk.\n\n30th August\n\n6. At daybreak on 30th August, a strike of T.B.R. aircraft escorted by fighters was flown off as well as a small CAP. strike flew over the whole area in close formation, firstly as a demonstration and secondly, ready to take action in case of enemy action. This strike was kept up all day, INDOMITABLE and VENERABLE taking it in turns to fly off. At 10.00 I transferred my Flag to SWIFTSURE and in company with KEMPENFELT, EURYALUS, TUSCAN, PRINCE ROBERT and two Submarines, proceeded up harbour at 8 to 10 knots. As soon as we had got through the Lyemun Pass without any opposition and without casualties from mines, MAIDSTONE, the remainder of the Submarines and the Minesweepers were called in. When they had safely negotiated the passage, ANSON was called in and INDOMITABLE was told to enter before dark, having flown on all her aircraft.\n\n7. On arrival, landing parties from SWIFTSURE and EURYALUS were sent ashore under the command of Commander W.L.M. Brown, D.S.C., R.N., of SWIFTSURE and seized the Dockyard, clearing it of Japanese and Chinese with negligible opposition. The officers who were there included the Japanese Naval and Military Commanders who asked to have until the following day to clear out of their offices. They were told that they had only given the British officers half-an-hour to clear out with all their belongings, and they themselves were to go at once, but they would be allowed to send back for their belongings.\n\n8. Before entering harbour it was known that there were a large number of suicide boats in the Hong Kong area, although the reconnaissance over the harbour had failed to detect any. Shortly before entering harbour a report was received from one of the aircraft that there was anything up to a hundred of these boats in Picnic Bay in Lamma Island. A little later aircraft reported three were heading for the western entrance to Man-o'-War anchorage.",
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    {
        "id": 579391,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-592-4 Reports on current situation- Police 14-11-1945 - 1-7-1946",
        "page_number": 70,
        "title": "CO129-592-4 Reports on current situation- Police 14-11-1945 - 1-7-1946",
        "content_text": "Date.\n\nDistrict.\n\n8.\n\nEastern.\n\nTime.\n\n11.00 a.m.\n\nEastern.\n\n13.00\n\n10.\n\nAberdeen.\n\n11.\n\nEmergency Unit Hong Kong.\n\nto 15.00\n\n13.00\n\n12.\n\nWestern.\n\n13.00\n\n13.\n\nEastern.\n\n15.00\n\n14.\n\nPolice H.Q.\n\np.m.\n\n15.\n\nAberdeen.\n\n20.00 to 23.59\n\n21.00\n\n16.\n\nStanley.\n\n(26.12.41.\n\nUpper Levels.\n\n11.15\n\n53.\n\n25.12.41\n\n69\n\nL.S.A. 23 Byrne was wounded by a shell splinter in No. 2 Station compound.\n\nMr. Luscombe, Assistant Superintendent of Police, returned from Command Headquarters where he had handed over the Chinese driver mentioned in entry No. 3 above, and found that our front line had moved back to Stewart Road without the Police being informed of the fact. This placed No. 2 Station in front of the front line. After consultation with the Middlesex Battle Headquarters which had moved to the Sailors & Soldiers Home, and with the approval of the Commissioner of Police, evacuated to the Sailors Home and Seamen's Institute. The evacuation was completed by 15.00 hours under heavy sniping which carried on throughout.\n\nMr. Wright-Nooth, Assistant Superintendent of Police, took a party of one European and ten Indians to Aberdeen to reinforce Police strength. As the Station was by now badly damaged, they were quartered with the Naval Police in the Dockyard A.R.P. tunnel.\n\nL.S.A. 142 Kinloch had an interview with the Commissioner of Police regarding the activities of Fifth Columnists on the Peak and co-operation with the Military to deal with them.\n\nThe news of the surrender was conveyed to Mr. Searle, Assistant Superintendent of Police.\n\nMr. Heath, Assistant Superintendent of Police, was informed of the surrender. Arms and ammunition were collected and the Police proceeded to Police Headquarters.\n\nAll arms and ammunition were collected and stored in the Traffic Office.\n\nPolice evacuated the station at 20.00 hours on instructions from the Divisional Inspector, Western, given to the Officer in Charge, personally by P.S. 213 Pilkington, and proceeded to No. 7 Station after picking up personnel from Pokfulam, but P.S.A. 162 Williamson, the Officer in Charge, L.S.A. 167 Matthews, and three Indians returned again at 23.59 hours to maintain order on instructions from Mr. Searle.\n\nThe Officer, Assistant Superintendent of Police, in Charge estimates that the total number of civilians killed in Aberdeen district during the war to be in all about 400.\n\nP.S.A. 69 Simpson was informed of the surrender at Stanley Fort.\n\nL.S.A. 106 Leslie was killed by robbers when he came on the scene of an attempted robbery at No. 6 Hospital Road with a Weihaiwei patrol. One robber was shot dead but the remainder escaped.\n\nPage 70\n\nPage 71",
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    {
        "id": 579566,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-592-6 Reports on current situation- including weekly intelligence reports 18-9-1945 - 20-12-1945",
        "page_number": 108,
        "title": "CO129-592-6 Reports on current situation- including weekly intelligence reports 18-9-1945 - 20-12-1945",
        "content_text": "H.E.\n\nSPORIT\n\nMINUTE\n\n..\n\n108\n\nNotes on a visit to Hong Kong 26/9 - 3/10/45.\n\nTyphoon conditions having prevented my proceeding to Hong Kong by R.A.F. from Kunming on any day from 21/9 to 25/9, I abandoned the project and returned to Chungking on the latter date. As however Admiral Fraser was still here and was leaving for the Colony next day, on your instructions I obtained a lift from the Commander-in-Chief. We landed at Kaitak airfield in the early afternoon of September 26th, and proceeded forthwith to H.M.S. Duke of York. It was refreshing to see Japanese prisoners of war hard at work on the airfield unloading drums of petrol from a lighter under robust Commando guards.\n\n2. The Commander-in-Chief was visited at various times after my arrival by Admirals Harcourt (Commander-in-Chief Hong Kong), Daniel (Commander-in-Chief of the Task Group in Hong Kong) and Fisher (Commander-in-Chief of the Fleet Train and now Flag Officer Western Areas, which is a tactful euphemism for the China coast), Air Commodore Brook, Air Officer Commanding Hong Kong, and Mr. Keswick. Admiral Fraser gave accounts of his visit to Chungking and thereafter made a signal to Your Excellency on the question of British aid in sweeping mines in South China ports. Admiral Fraser said that he had been convinced that the Generalissimo was nervous about British ships proceeding to Chinese ports and felt that it would be a great mistake to allow them to do so under American orders. He insisted at the time that he had pointed out to the Generalissimo the obvious advantages of unified command in these matters.\n\n3. H.M.S. Duke of York was due to leave for Manila and Sydney the same evening, and I went ashore, just before her departure, with Admiral Harcourt and Mr. Keswick. Admiral Harcourt very kindly put me up at Government House, which the Japanese authorities had put into excellent shape, although a legacy of certain rooms in the Japanese style may become of problematic value. I had seen from the aircraft that a good deal of damage had been done in Hong Kong and there are a number of sunken hulks all over the harbour. We actually landed at the Taikoo dockyard, which was very badly knocked about; the same applies to the Kowloon dockyard across the harbour, and proceeded through extensively damaged godowns and labour residential quarters to the less damaged business section of the town. There has been a lot of looting of the residential districts by the Chinese inhabitants, and all wooden fittings have been removed for firewood.\n\n4. The Secretary of State for War and his staff were staying with the Commander-in-Chief, and I had some conversation with Mr. Lawson, who made a cordial enquiry as to your well-being. I gave the Secretary of State some account of developments in Chungking, and he was particularly interested in the Kuomintang-Communist negotiations.\n\n5. I am recording matters discussed in separate notes attached to this minute; but some general observations may be of use. In general, I found that the Navy had laid an excellent foundation on reoccupation, and that the Civil Affairs people and other authorities have got to grips with their problems. Mr. Gimson and his team had made a gallant start in the period between the surrender and the arrival of Admiral Harcourt's task group. The Civil Affairs Department is shockingly understaffed, however, and cannot do more than meet problems from day to day, as they arise. At present, most executive decisions, except those of high policy, are taken by a Committee under the Chairmanship of Admiral Harcourt's Chief of Staff (Captain Clifford, R.N.), which has a daily meeting attended by the Chief Civil Affairs Officer, Ministry of War Transport Representative, and representatives of the various Service organisations in the Colony).\n\nI/...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-592-6 Reports on current situation- including weekly intelligence reports 18-9-1945 - 20-12-1945.txt",
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    {
        "id": 579608,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-592-6 Reports on current situation- including weekly intelligence reports 18-9-1945 - 20-12-1945",
        "page_number": 150,
        "title": "CO129-592-6 Reports on current situation- including weekly intelligence reports 18-9-1945 - 20-12-1945",
        "content_text": "N. I. D. Reg. Rcd.\n\n11:00 1940\n\nSECRET\n\nC\n\nGEORET\n\n$149\n\nCHIEF OF INTELLIGENCE STAR, BRITISH PACIFIC FLEET.\n\nFROM:\n\nDATE: 1st OCTOBER, 1945\n\nTO:\n\nREF. NO. 264/06.2\n\nVICE ADMIRAL 2ND IN COMMAND, BRITISH PACIFIC FLEET\n\nREAR ADMIRAL COMMANDING 1ST BATTLE SQUADRON\n\nFLAG OFFICER WESTERN AREA, BRITISH PACIFIC FLEET\n\nFLAG OFFICER COMMANDING 1ST AIRCRAFT CARRIER SQUADRON\n\nCOMMODORE 11TH\n\nREAR ADMIRAL 30TH\n\n2ND CRUISER SQUADRON\n\n4TH DESTROYERS, BRITISH PACIFIC FLEET\n\nFLAST TRAIN, BRITISH PACIFIC FLEET\n\nFLAG OFFICER, NAVAL AIR PACIFIC\n\nDIRECTOR OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE, ADMIRALTY (3 copies)\n\nDIRECTOR OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE, MELBOURNE\n\nCHIEF OF INTELLIGENCE STAFF, EAST INDIES (2 copies)\n\nCopy of a report from the Staff Officer (Intelligence) Hongkong, regarding the political situation in Hongkong is forwarded for information.\n\n2.\n\nWhen no longer required it should be destroyed.\n\nCHIEF OF INTELLIGENCE STAFF,\n\nBRITISH PACIFIC FLEET.\n\nPage 150\n\nPage 151",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-592-6 Reports on current situation- including weekly intelligence reports 18-9-1945 - 20-12-1945.txt",
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    {
        "id": 594417,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-617-6 Development- recommendations of Hong Kong Colonial Development and Welfare Committee 18-7-1947 - 23-12-1947",
        "page_number": 36,
        "title": "CO129-617-6 Development- recommendations of Hong Kong Colonial Development and Welfare Committee 18-7-1947 - 23-12-1947",
        "content_text": "## 38 \n\n6 \n\nany Colonial Government from submitting such schemes in advance of the general plan where these are clearly of immediate urgency and will ultimately be included in the general plan.\n\n16. It will be observed from the attached table of allocations that provision has been made in certain instances for regional allocations in order to provide for schemes which are of a regional character and for services which may be common to the area in question. I regard it as important not only that governments in a given area should consult freely with one another in respect of their development plans but that consideration should be given to the possibility of encouraging, when appropriate, development upon a regional basis. This applies especially to such areas as East Africa, Central Africa, and the West Indies. Colonial territories in close geographical proximity should find it of advantage, where development, research, communications, higher education, and several other services are concerned, not only to proceed with schemes administered separately by the territories themselves, but also to plan in regional terms. They would thereby carry out their own developments in the full understanding of regional needs and of the necessity for fitting their programmes into the regional picture. I have not thought it necessary at this stage to make a regional allocation for West Africa, but I trust that the Governments of the Colonies in that area will continue to advance the recognition of the regional outlook in economic development, communications, higher education, and research.\n\n17. I propose that this despatch should be presented to Parliament as a Command paper, and I will notify you, in due course, of the date of publication.\n\n18. In conclusion, I have only to reiterate my conviction of the opportunity which is presented to all concerned with Colonial administration in this new chapter of Colonial development; my deep sense of the great responsibility which rests upon us to see that the resources made available, including those made at real sacrifice by the people of the United Kingdom, are wisely and economically used; and my confidence in the co-operation of Colonial peoples and officials alike in the discharge of that responsibility so as to bring permanent advantage and improvement to the whole Colonial Empire and enable it to play an increasingly important part in the world's affairs.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\nG. H. HALL.\n\n7 \n\n## Enclosure 2 to Circular Despatch dated 12th November, 1945 - **ALLOCATION OF FUNDS AVAILABLE UNDER THE COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT AND WELFARE ACT, 1945**\n\n### SUMMARY\n\n| Category | Allocation |\n| --- | --- |\n| Central Schemes, including Research | £23,500,000 |\n| Allocations to Colonial territories | £85,500,000 |\n| General Reserve for supplementary allocations | £11,000,000 |\n| **Total** | **£120,000,000** |\n\n### I. CENTRAL SCHEMES\n\n| Category | Allocation |\n| --- | --- |\n| (i) Research<sup>1</sup> | £10,000,000 |\n| less amount estimated to be unspent during period 1946-56 | £1,500,000 |\n|  | £8,500,000 |\n| (ii) Centrally administered schemes: |  |\n| (a) Higher Education | £4,500,000 |\n| (b) Training Schemes for the Colonial Service | £2,500,000 |\n| (c) Geodetic and Topographical Surveys | £2,000,000 |\n| (d) Aeronautical Wireless Communications<sup>2</sup> | £1,000,000 |\n| (e) Meteorological Services<sup>*</sup> |  |\n| Other Central Schemes, such as the Central Nutrition Unit, Contributions to the Imperial Forestry Institute, Higher Training in Social Sciences, etc. |  |\n| (iii) Margin for Supplementary Allocations to Central Schemes |  |\n\n### II. ALLOCATIONS TO COLONIAL TERRITORIES\n\n| Region/Territory | Allocation |\n| --- | --- |\n| **West Indies** |  |\n| Barbados | £800,000 |\n| British Guiana<sup>3</sup> | £2,500,000 |\n| British Honduras | £600,000 |\n| Jamaica | £6,500,000 |\n| Leeward Islands | £1,200,000 |\n| Trinidad<sup>1</sup> | £1,200,000 |\n| Windward Islands | £850,000 |\n| West Indies General | £1,850,000 |\n| **Total West Indies** | **£15,500,000** |\n| **South Atlantic** |  |\n| Falklands | £150,000 |\n| St. Helena and Ascension | £200,000 |\n| **Total South Atlantic** | **£350,000** |\n| **Fiji and Western Pacific** |  |\n| Fiji | £1,000,000 |\n| Western Pacific | £800,000 |\n| **Total Fiji and Western Pacific** | **£1,800,000** |\n\n<sup>1</sup> Including Geological Survey.\n<sup>*</sup> Subject to determination of the degree of Colonial liability.\n<sup>2</sup> To include any subsidy to British Guiana Airways Service to interior.\n<sup>3</sup> To include any subsidy to British West Indian Airways.\n• To include any allocation that may be made to the Bahamas.\n\n39",
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    {
        "id": 600662,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-629-8 Social policy 1-12-1949 - 31-12-1951",
        "page_number": 34,
        "title": "CO129-629-8 Social policy 1-12-1949 - 31-12-1951",
        "content_text": "# 1. KAIFONG WELFARE ASSOCIATIONS: SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON THEIR ORGANISATION AND ON THE PARTS PLAYED BY THE SOCIAL WELFARE OFFICE.\n\n## S.W.O. Staff background\n\nThere is no officially recognised body of kaifong workers in the Social Welfare Office; a part-time team has been used which in 1951 consisted of the Social Welfare Officer and the following Chinese members of his Relief Section:\n\n(a) Mr. C. N. Li, the head of the Relief Section and concurrently an Assistant S.W.O. Full of enthusiasm and initiative, a glutton for work, and with the whole of his Section at his beck and call, he more than anyone else in Hong Kong was responsible for the success so far of the kaifong welfare movement.\n\n(b) Two of the four male Relieving Officers, who were always conscientious seconds-in-command rather than leaders.\n\n(c) Mrs. C. N. Li, technically graded as a Children's Officer, and her husband's right hand. She was engaged in child welfare work until more and more of her time was required for developing kaifong work on the women's side.\n\n(d) Six male Assistant Relieving Officers in direct charge of the six S.W.O. Welfare Centres and all the work done there.\n\n(e) A Chinese writer who knew no English and whose principal work was to produce the periodical \"Kaifong Bulletins\".\n\n(f) A dozen coolies attached to the Welfare Centres.\n\n2. From April 1948, when the Relief Section and its six official Free Feeding Centres were transferred to the Social Welfare Office, the whole staff of that Section co-operated in reorganising their work on a wider and more constructive basis. At the same time, savings were contrived out of the S.W.O. vote to pay for new wooden huts to replace the Free Feeding Centres' decaying matsheds. All this had its effect on things to come.\n\n3. By the end of 1948, with six small Welfare Centres in place of the old Free Feeding Centres, there were opportunities for further experiments in meeting some of the many unsolved problems with which the Social Welfare Office was faced. At this stage, a good case could have been made for substantially increasing the staff at the Welfare Centres; but one of the main objections to this was that any such increase could lead too easily to a policy of partially spoon-feeding the community with social welfare services from official Centres, instead of helping the people of Hong Kong to develop those services along their own lines for themselves. A different course was therefore chosen.\n\n## 4. The Approach\n\nAt the beginning of 1949, it was decided to try to encourage nearby residents to interest themselves personally in the S.W.O. Welfare Centres' work, some of which was demonstratively of direct local benefit. If this experiment were to succeed, the next step would be to make use of that success in order to build up a still wider local interest in all social problems affecting the residents of a district. Clearly, some kind of neighbourhood association would then have to be encouraged or developed, though it was difficult to forecast in advance what kinds would be found most suited to the different parts of urban Hong Kong; in any case, there could be no question of blindly copying foreign Community Associations of the Western type, though much might be learned from their work and their histories.",
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