[
    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863",
        "page_number": 392,
        "title": "CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863",
        "content_text": "urshes of your Lords lups.\n\nthis Grace's letter states that receipt of Lordships See co f The Notes Lordships On referring to the Copy of Mr Peel's letter the Board of Directors obsewect that objected to the receipt of the woks if the Bank at the Colonial Treasury and q by ths the Collecton the Colonial Revenue at Hong Kong, & the Directors king apprehensive what wishertions would be sent out to Hong Kong by Grace to revoke the Orders previously given by H. l. Gomument at Hong Kong to the Colonial- \"Treasurer and the Collectors of Colornal Reverone to receive the Notes of the Bank, which revnation would have export the Back to serious injury from the distrust that it worned runds onstructed of have engendered in the the public, the Board of Directors Ay 6 request the Grand to defer the hausningsion of such instructions until they had had an opportunity of baying before your Lordships a full explanations on on which your Lordships appeard the points on which have formed an advase opinion to the Bank, which the Duectors were confident 10 They remove. to should be able to They have now therefore motivated us the following remarks to your Loudships respectfully, bey have to do.\n\nadchefs which we Mr Peel's letter after ackumbedging the recept objection to the 菲 388 your recognition of of the \"Chartered Bank # India Aushalia and China which as a Bank incorporated by Royal Charter Blood The \"prentat on the Banks. Sarni footing a The Directors would have been beat to infer from that paragraph of Mr Peel's letter, of it. had stood alone, that your Lordships were nut curanL. that \" The Agra and munted Samice Bank Limited A had law uveorporated by Royal Chanter, but the next paragraph of Mr Peels letter informs this Grace that your Lordships received from the Board of of August 1861 $ Q_ hadde in The 3rd petition from the Duectors of this Bank praying for the Grant of or Supplemental Chauler authorizing them to Notes w H.ctto colonies. ground doubt had ansen whether under them charter are The Sere Hat of - Incorporation they professed that power, \" Hand the Directors Lordships aure alvare. your presume that that the itga and? mited Saurie Bank Limited was Incorporated by Royal Charter, and they presume that the a to paragraph ini question had reference supposed distinction between the Charter of the \"Ayra Bank\" and the chailers of the Oriental\n\nPage 388\n\nhas been revised to \n\nurshes of your Lordships.\n\nthis Grace's letter states that receipt of Lordships See co f The Notes Lordships On referring to the Copy of Mr Peel's letter the Board of Directors observe that objected to the receipt of the woks if the Bank at the Colonial Treasury and q by ths the Collecton the Colonial Revenue at Hong Kong, & the Directors being apprehensive what instructions would be sent out to Hong Kong by Grace to revoke the Orders previously given by H. M. Government at Hong Kong to the Colonial Treasurer and the Collectors of Colonial Revenue to receive the Notes of the Bank, which revocation would have exposed the Bank to serious injury from the distrust that it would have engendered in the public, the Board of Directors request the Grace to defer the transmission of such instructions until they had had an opportunity of laying before your Lordships a full explanation on the points on which your Lordships appeared to have formed an adverse opinion to the Bank, which the Directors were confident they should be able to remove.\n\nThey have now therefore requested us to make the following remarks to your Lordships respectfully.\n\nMr Peel's letter after acknowledging the receipt objection to the recognition of the \"Chartered Bank of India Australia and China\" which as a Bank incorporated by Royal Charter states The Directors would have been led to infer from that paragraph of Mr Peel's letter, if it had stood alone, that your Lordships were not certain that \"The Agra and United Service Bank Limited\" had been lawfully incorporated by Royal Charter, but the next paragraph of Mr Peel's letter informs this Grace that your Lordships received from the Board of Directors of this Bank in August 1861 a petition praying for the Grant of a Supplemental Charter authorizing them to issue Notes in Her Majesty's colonies, on the ground that doubt had arisen whether under their Charter of Incorporation they possessed that power.\n\nPage 388\n\nHere is the revised response in HTML format as requested:\n\nurshes of your Lordships.\n\nthis Grace's letter states that receipt of Lordships See co f The Notes Lordships On referring to the Copy of Mr Peel's letter the Board of Directors observe that objected to the receipt of the woks if the Bank at the Colonial Treasury and q by ths the Collecton the Colonial Revenue at Hong Kong, & the Directors being apprehensive what instructions would be sent out to Hong Kong by Grace to revoke the Orders previously given by H. M. Government at Hong Kong to the Colonial Treasurer and the Collectors of Colonial Revenue to receive the Notes of the Bank, which revocation would have exposed the Bank to serious injury from the distrust that it would have engendered in the public, the Board of Directors request the Grace to defer the transmission of such instructions until they had had an opportunity of laying before your Lordships a full explanation on the points on which your Lordships appeared to have formed an adverse opinion to the Bank, which the Directors were confident they should be able to remove.\n\nThey have now therefore requested us to make the following remarks to your Lordships respectfully.\n\nMr Peel's letter after acknowledging the receipt objection to the recognition of the \"Chartered Bank of India Australia and China\" which as a Bank incorporated by Royal Charter states The Directors would have been led to infer from that paragraph of Mr Peel's letter, if it had stood alone, that your Lordships were not certain that \"The Agra and United Service Bank Limited\" had been lawfully incorporated by Royal Charter, but the next paragraph of Mr Peel's letter informs this Grace that your Lordships received from the Board of Directors of this Bank in August 1861 a petition praying for the Grant of a Supplemental Charter authorizing them to issue Notes in Her Majesty's colonies, on the ground that doubt had arisen whether under their Charter of Incorporation they possessed that power.\n\nPage 388",
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    {
        "id": 323630,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "page_number": 61,
        "title": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "content_text": "60\n\n1.The\n\nDaily Press.\n\nHONGKONG, NOVEMBER 30TH, 1889.\n\nCRIMINAL SESSIONS.\n\nBEFORE THE HON. SIR GEORGE PHILLIPPO, CHIEF JUSTICE, AND A SPECIAL JURY.\n\nTHE LIBEL CHARGE.\n\nThe trial of Robert Fraser-Smith on a charge of libelling John McNeil Price, Surveyor-General of Hongkong, was continued.\n\nMr. Francis, instructed by Messrs. Brereton, Wotton, and Deacon, appeared for the prosecution. The defendant conducted his own case.\n\nThe jurors were Messrs. E. Burnie, H. Foes, D. Mosso, C. T. Kohlmann, B. B. D. Sayle, E. L. Woodin, and W. S. Young.\n\nThe prosecution now called rebutting evidence. A copy of the mail edition of the Telegraph of the 14th September was put in, in which the paragraph alleged to be libellous, and which appeared in the paper of the 3rd, was repeated, the object of this evidence being, Mr. Francis stated, to show that the publication was not a mere individual act of Mr. Stewart Fraser-Smith but that it was repeated in the mail edition some days later.\n\nEdward Rose was then called. He said—I am employed in the Surveyor-General's department, and have been so employed for three years and a half. I am overseer of the waterworks. As such I have had no connection whatever with the works now going on at Tytam. My duties are solely confined to the water from the Pokfulam reservoir, that which supplies the town. I have had nothing to do with the Tytam Water Works directly or indirectly. I do not remember ever having had any conversation with Mr. Robert Fraser-Smith or Mr. Stewart Fraser-Smith or both of them together on the subject of the Tytam Water Works. I never said I would make something out of those works. I never passed such a remark as that I might make something more but that too strict an eye was now kept upon me. I never stated that Mr. Price liked to keep the good things to his own cheek, to either of the brothers nor to anyone else. I have never had any conversation with either of the brothers that would afford any basis for the statement that I had said so. I live next door to Mr. Fraser-Smith's office in Pedder's Hill. I have never spoken to Mr. Robert Fraser-Smith or Mr. Stewart Fraser-Smith about delays in the payment of contractors in connection with the Survey Department. I have certainly not suggested to Mr. Stewart Fraser-Smith that if he wrote in the Hongkong Telegraph about the subject the contractors would be willing to pay him a percentage on their bills. I have never taken Mr. Stewart Fraser-Smith and introduced him to two or three of the contractors who were complaining of delay in the payment of their bills. Mr. Stewart Fraser-Smith has been at my place several times and generally had a drink of some kind. I have five children. He has had champagne in my house, not that he liked it very much, I think, from what he said. I think that was on the occasion of the birthday of one of my children, but I do not remember. He has had champagne in my house on several occasions. My salary and allowances are $300, my rent $23, and one of my rooms I have let for $10 up to within the last two months. I certainly do not live beyond my income. I have some money saved of my own. I had no idea my style of living and scale of expenditure were being discussed by Mr. Stewart Fraser-Smith.\n\nBy the defendant I swear I have never had any conversation with you or your brother about the Surveyor-General's department. I did not have some conversation with you about three weeks ago on our way to the Masonic Lodge. I did not express a hope that my name and that of the other foremen would not be introduced into this case. You said to me once, as I was passing, \"You fellows need not be afraid about this case,\" but I passed on and said nothing. I swear I have never had any conversation with you about the Surveyor-General's department. I swear I have never spoken to your brother about the subject of contractors not receiving their pay at the proper time. The statement made in the witness box yesterday that I took him to some of the contractors is false. I am positively certain I never received any squeezes from contractors. I overlooked works in Gough street about two years ago in connection with the waterworks. I think Mr. Andrew Millar was the contractor for that work. I do not know that I volunteered to collect some private accounts for Mr. Millar in connection with the laying of some piping in the houses in Gough street. I have not collected those accounts, and have not paid them to Mr. Millar. In the case of one bill a gentleman called me in and asked me to pay the money over to Mr. Millar, which I did.\n\nDefendant—Then you did collect them?\n\nHis Lordship—That is not collecting.\n\nDefendant—It is only a difference of terms; he says he received the money.\n\nHis Lordship said that if Mr. Millar had given the witness bills to collect, and he collected them, that would be collecting, but if one gentleman merely called him in and asked him to pay the money to Mr. Millar, that could not be called collecting.\n\nCross-examination continued—I did not collect the accounts and keep the money to myself. I do not remember receiving a bill from Millar for $13, on account of one of these houses in Gough street. It is very likely he may have given me a bill for $13. It is not likely I collected it or I would remember it, but I can swear I did not keep the money. I swear it is not a fact that I collected the money and paid him $10 and kept $3 for myself. I pay $28 rent including taxes. My five children are at school. The school expenses are $9. I pay my cook $5, I think, but my wife pays it and I do not know exactly. I have a small house boy whom I pay $2. I have no amah. I am allowed chair coolies by the Government. The whole of my household expenses amount to about $80. That includes everything. My show bill I suppose costs me about $30 a month. Beer and wine may cost $3 a month. My wife does all the washing herself very nearly, all except a white shirt or two. The washing may be a dollar and a half a month. I don't know about firewood; you might say a dollar for that. Other incidental expenses would not amount to much; there is nothing much left but lamp oil and that might cost 50 cents. I suppose clothing for myself and family might cost $100 per annum; but I think that is rather too much. I have not had a new suit of clothes for years. Before I went to the Surveyor-General's Department I was half proprietor of the Oriental Hotel. We did not compound with our creditors; we have paid everything off. We were not able to pay it off at the time.\n\nDefendant—You entered the Surveyor-General's Department then a poor man?\n\nWitness—The terms of my partnership did not compel me to bring in my private means. I had spent enough for my partner, and I did not bring in my private means.\n\nNow what is your salary?—$68.\n\nNo, that is not your salary.—I get $68 a month. And your allowance?—$15 for chair and $5 for my Fire Brigade work.\n\nAccording to the list you have given me, Mr. Rose, your monthly expenses, without any extraordinary expenses, such as doctor's bills amount to $86.50.—We don't pay for doctor or medicine; we have them allowed by the Government.\n\nWell, without any extras your expenses amount to $86.50, and your salary and allowances to $88; that would leave you a dollar and a half.\n\nHis Lordship—I don't see quite how you make that out. He got $10 a month for one of his rooms. How long have you let your room?—I have had pay for it the whole time I have been in Pedder's Hill up to the last two months.\n\nYou are a member of certain Masonic bodies in the colony?\n\nWhat are your fees per month?—$1.\n\nWhat is that for?—That is my subscription, just the same as your own.\n\nTo the United Service Lodge?—Yes.\n\nAnd what do you pay to the United Service Chapter?—30 cents a month, I think.\n\nYou are a frequent visitor to the Hongkong Hotel, are you not? You go there and play billiards?—No.\n\nYou never go there?—Oh yes, I go sometimes.\n\nWhat is your bill there?—I suppose I get two drinks a month; that is what I pay for.",
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    {
        "id": 440398,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-395 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "page_number": 291,
        "title": "CO129-395 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "content_text": "34\n\ntowards the closing of opium divans in the said concessions and settlements, to take steps to that end, as soon as they may deem it possible, on the lines already adopted by several Governments.” \n\nThis object is attained by the latter part of article 17, which engages the contracting Powers having treaties with China to suppress smoking-shops in their leased territories and settlements in China, pari passu with like action in the Chinese territories adjoining, and to prohibit the smoking of opium in places of public amusement and houses of ill-fame. \n\nThe British Government, it may here be noted, have already taken steps to this end in Hong Kong and Wei-hai-Wei. \n\n153. Resolution No. 8 of the Shanghai Commission was as follows:- \n\n“That the International Opium Commission recommends strongly that each delegation move its Government to enter into negotiations with the Chinese with a view to effective and prompt measures being taken in the various foreign concessions and settlements in China for the prohibition of the trade and manufacture of such anti-opium remedies as contain opium or its derivatives.” \n\nAs above observed, the anti-opium remedies in question come within the scope of chapter III of the convention, as well as of articles 15 and 19, &c., the object which the commission had in view in desiring to prevent the growing up of any trade in such remedies in the settlements and concessions is thus attained. \n\n154. Article 9 of the Shanghai resolutions ran as follows :- \n\n“That the International Opium Commission recommends that each delegation move its Government to apply its pharmacy laws to its subjects in the consular districts, concessions, and settlements in China.\" \n\nArticle 16 of the convention has met the desire here expressed in a somewhat different way. It will be for the Chinese Government in the first instance to enact suitable pharmaceutical laws for its own subjects in regard to the drugs dealt with in chapter III of the convention, and to communicate these laws to the treaty Powers. The latter, in so far as they are parties to the convention, will then, if they consider these laws suitable, take the necessary steps for applying them to their own nationals. \n\n155. To sum up, the Shanghai Commission directed itself mainly to the subject of the opium traffic in the Far East, and was primarily concerned with rendering assistance to the opium suppression movement which the Chinese Government had lately initiated. The present convention goes far beyond this. It has dealt with morphine, cocaine, &c., as well as with opium; and in prescribing measures for confining the use of the two first-mentioned drugs, and the others referred to in chapter III, to legitimate medical purposes, for placing the production and distribution of raw opium under rigid control, and for restricting, with a view to eventual extinction, the trade in prepared opium, it has, for the first time, laid down as a principle of international morality that the various countries concerned cannot stand alone in these measures. It is not sufficient for a particular State to take adequate measures for the protection of its own subjects; it is also essential that it should assist the efforts of other countries by preventing undesirable importation of drugs into their borders. \n\n156. In order to give adequate effect to this principle, practical unanimity in regard to the measures possible and desirable was of course essential; and accordingly the British delegation and His Majesty's Government, agreed reluctantly to less stringent measures than had at one time seemed possible in the matter of morphine, cocaine, &c., rather than run the risk of losing this portion of the convention altogether. \n\n157. The acceptance of these measures in regard to morphine and cocaine stands to the credit of the British Government, which had already made the first important advance in regard to international co-operation in the matter of opium by the Anglo-Chinese agreements under which the exportation of opium from India to China will cease, having in the meantime undergone progressive diminution, by the year 1917, or at a previous date, if the Chinese Government similarly accelerate the disappearance of local production. This earnest of good-will, involving great pecuniary sacrifices on the part of the Indian Empire, materially helped us in urging on the conference the general principles which inspired the convention, since it showed the disinterested sincerity by which His Majesty's Government were actuated. As matters now stand, even if the difficulties to which we shall presently allude should impair or delay the full fruition of the labours of the conference, the fact will remain that it has marked an important\n\n35\n\n288\n\nstep in international ethics, and has brought the matters which have been under discussion to such a position that international public opinion must eventually bring about, in one shape or another, the full results aimed at. \n\nNo Power which has participated in the conference, for example, can hereafter maintain that its obligations cease with adequate protection of its own subjects from noxious drugs; it is also pledged to help its neighbours as far as may be practicable towards the same end. \n\n158. The difficulties we have just referred to arise of course from the fact, already touched upon, that the number of Powers represented at the conference, being limited to twelve, they are not alone competent to carry out the full extent of international co-operation which the convention enjoins; and that it would be unreasonable to expect the participating Powers to sacrifice their own trade interests for the sake of international morality when there are many outside Powers on which no such obligation would rest, and which might merely profit by the altruism of the nations represented at the conference. \n\nIt is difficulties of this sort that have required the special and original character of the \"effectuating\" clauses in chapter VI of the convention, and dictated the provision that, after the signing of the convention, the first step should not be ratification by the signatory Powers, but an invitation addressed to the thirty-four Powers of Europe and America not represented at the conference, to sign the convention also and thus put themselves on the same footing as the original participating Powers. In the event of some of these outside Powers not having signed by the 31st December, 1912, it will be necessary, as the convention provides, to summon a fresh conference of the signatory Powers to consider how far the stipulations of the conference can nevertheless be ratified. \n\n159. Then, again, there might be difficulties of a somewhat similar sort in regard to the carrying out of laws or their administrative equivalents to be enacted by the several Powers, since it would not be fair to expect one Power to embark on drastic measures which might be to the benefit of other Powers not prepared to go so far. Here, again, as provided by article 24, an additional conference may be necessary to deal with difficulties thus arising, or in respect of delays in ratifications which cannot be otherwise solved. \n\n160. There is thus the possibility of considerable delay in carrying out the provisions of the convention—delay which might have been avoided had the United States Government addressed its invitation to a much larger number of Powers. Nevertheless, we can claim that the conference has done the best it could in the circumstances in which it was assembled; that it has provided machinery for shortening delays and difficulties; and that, as already stated, it has, at any rate, materially paved the way for a full and satisfactory co-operation of the chief countries of the world in grappling with the evils of opium, morphine, cocaine, and the other drugs mentioned in the convention. Nor, again, is there anything to prevent individual Powers which may be willing to carry out the full stipulations of the convention (or even to go further), without waiting for the co-operation of others, from taking such action, \n\n161. We should like to state that, throughout the course of the conference, we received the most constant and loyal support from the French delegation, and in a special degree from M. Brenier, of the French Colonial Service. M. Brenier not only supported us ably and consistently throughout the conference, but he constantly gave us his valuable assistance outside its full sittings, especially in such matters as the proper rendering into diplomatic French of English ideas and phrases. M. Brenier was also of great service to the conference as a whole as chairman of the Drafting Committee, the important functions of which, especially in its later stages, have been dealt with in the report, and he rendered most willing assistance to other delegations, as well as to our own, in regard to the wording of resolutions or articles. \n\nWe hope that, if you think it, the great value of M. Brenier's services to the conference as a whole, and to our own delegation in particular, may be communicated to the French Government. \n\nThe Russian and Netherlands delegations also gave us valuable support, especially in the matter of the American attempt to split up the convention, and M. Cremer, the leader of the Netherlands delegation, afforded the most kindly hospitality to ourselves and other delegates. \n\nThe German delegation, as will be seen from the report, were the most formidable antagonists with whom we had to contend; but, as will have been observed, we were able to settle our differences with them in a satisfactory manner by private colloquies. These were throughout carried on on the most friendly footing; and we",
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        "id": 440425,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-395 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "page_number": 348,
        "title": "CO129-395 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "content_text": "344\n\n34\n\ntowards the closing of opium divans in the said concessions and settlements, to take steps to that end, as soon as they may deem it possible, on the lines already adopted by several Governments.\n\nThis object is attained by the latter part of article 17, which engages the contracting Powers having treaties with China to suppress smoking-shops in their leased territories and settlements in China, pari passu with like action in the Chinese territories adjoining, and to prohibit the smoking of opium in places of public amusement and houses of ill-fame.\n\nThe British Government, it may here be noted, have already taken steps to this end in Hong Kong and Wei-hai-Wei.\n\n153. Resolution No. 8 of the Shanghai Commission was as follows:\n\n\"That the International Opium Commission recommends strongly that each delegation move its Government to enter into negotiations with the Chinese with a view to effective and prompt measures being taken in the various foreign concessions and settlements in China for the prohibition of the trade and manufacture of such anti-opium remedies as contain opium or its derivatives.\"\n\nAs above observed, the anti-opium remedies in question come within the scope of chapter III of the convention, as well as of articles 15 and 19, i.e., the object which the commission had in view in desiring to prevent the growing up of any trade in such remedies in the settlements and concessions is thus attained.\n\n154. Article 9 of the Shanghai resolutions ran as follows:\n\nThat the International Opium Commission recommends that each delegation move its Government to apply its pharmacy laws to its subjects in the consular districts, concessions, and settlements in China.\n\nArticle 16 of the convention has met the desire here expressed in a somewhat different way.\n\nIt will be for the Chinese Government in the first instance to enact suitable pharmaceutical laws for its own subjects in regard to the drugs dealt with in chapter III of the convention, and to communicate these laws to the treaty Powers. The latter, in so far as they are parties to the convention, will then, if they consider these laws suitable, take the necessary steps for applying them to their own nationals.\n\n155. To sum up, the Shanghai Commission directed itself mainly to the subject of the opium traffic in the Far East, and was primarily concerned with rendering assistance to the opium suppression movement which the Chinese Government had lately initiated. The present convention goes far beyond this. It has dealt with morphine, cocaine, &c., as well as with opium; and in prescribing measures for confining the use of the two first-mentioned drugs, and the others referred to in chapter III, to legitimate medical purposes, for placing the production and distribution of raw opium under rigid control, and for restricting, with a view to eventual extinction, the trade in prepared opium, it has, for the first time, laid down as a principle of international morality that the various countries concerned cannot stand alone in these measures. It is not sufficient for a particular State to take adequate measures for the protection of its own subjects; it is also essential that it should assist the efforts of other countries by preventing undesirable importation of drugs into their borders.\n\n156. In order to give adequate effect to this principle, practical unanimity in regard to the measures possible and desirable was of course essential; and accordingly the British delegation and His Majesty's Government agreed reluctantly to less stringent measures than had at one time seemed possible in the matter of morphine, cocaine, &c., rather than run the risk of losing this portion of the convention altogether.\n\n157. The acceptance of these measures in regard to morphine and cocaine stands to the credit of the British Government, which had already made the first important advance in regard to international co-operation in the matter of opium by the Anglo-Chinese agreements under which the exportation of opium from India to China will cease, having in the meantime undergone progressive diminution, by the year 1917, or at a previous date, if the Chinese Government similarly accelerate the disappearance of local production. This earnest of good-will, involving great pecuniary sacrifices on the part of the Indian Empire, materially helped us in urging on the conference the general principles which inspired the convention, since it showed the disinterested sincerity by which His Majesty's Government were actuated. As matters now stand, even if the difficulties to which we shall presently allude should impair or delay the full fruition of the labours of the conference, the fact will remain that it has marked an important\n\n35\n\nstep in international ethics, and has brought the matters which have been under discussion to such a position that international public opinion must eventually bring about, in one shape or another, the full results aimed at.\n\nNo Power which has participated in the conference, for example, can hereafter maintain that its obligations cease with adequate protection of its own subjects from noxious drugs; it is also pledged to help its neighbours as far as may be practicable towards the same end.\n\n158. The difficulties we have just referred to arise of course from the fact, already touched upon, that the number of Powers represented at the conference, being limited to twelve, they are not alone competent to carry out the full extent of international co-operation which the convention enjoins; and that it would be unreasonable to expect the participating Powers to sacrifice their own trade interests for the sake of international morality when there are many outside Powers on which no such obligation would rest, and which might merely profit by the altruism of the nations represented at the conference.\n\nIt is difficulties of this sort that have required the special and original character of the \"effectuating\" clauses in chapter VI of the convention, and dictated the provision that, after the signing of the convention, the first step should not be ratification by the signatory Powers, but an invitation addressed to the thirty-four Powers of Europe and America not represented at the conference, to sign the convention also and thus put themselves on the same footing as the original participating Powers. In the event of some of these outside Powers not having signed by the 31st December, 1912, it will be necessary, as the convention provides, to summon a fresh conference of the signatory Powers to consider how far the stipulations of the conference can nevertheless be ratified.\n\n159. Then, again, there might be difficulties of a somewhat similar sort in regard to the carrying out of laws or their administrative equivalents to be enacted by the several Powers, since it would not be fair to expect one Power to embark on drastic measures which might be to the benefit of other Powers not prepared to go so far. Here, again, as provided by article 24, an additional conference may be necessary to deal with difficulties thus arising, or in respect of delays in ratifications which cannot be otherwise solved.\n\n160. There is thus the possibility of considerable delay in carrying out the provisions of the convention—delay which might have been avoided had the United States Government addressed its invitation to a much larger number of Powers. Nevertheless, we can claim that the conference has done the best it could in the circumstances in which it was assembled; that it has provided machinery for shortening delays and difficulties; and that, as already stated, it has, at any rate, materially paved the way for a full and satisfactory co-operation of the chief countries of the world in grappling with the evils of opium, morphine, cocaine, and the other drugs mentioned in the convention. Nor, again, is there anything to prevent individual Powers which may be willing to carry out the full stipulations of the convention (or even to go further), without waiting for the co-operation of others, from taking such action,\n\n161. We should like to state that, throughout the course of the conference, we received the most constant and loyal support from the French delegation, and in a special degree from M. Brenier, of the French Colonial Service. M. Brenier not only supported us ably and consistently throughout the conference, but he constantly gave us his valuable assistance outside its full sittings, especially in such matters as the proper rendering into diplomatic French of English ideas and phrases. M. Brenier was also of great service to the conference as a whole as chairman of the Drafting Committee, the important functions of which, especially in its later stages, have been dealt with in the report, and he rendered most willing assistance to other delegations, as well as to our own, in regard to the wording of resolutions or articles,\n\nWe hope that, if you think fit, the great value of M. Brenier's services to the conference as a whole, and to our own delegation in particular, may be communicated to the French Government.\n\nThe Russian and Netherlands delegations also gave us valuable support, especially in the matter of the American attempt to split up the convention, and M. Cremer, the leader of the Netherlands delegation, afforded the most kindly hospitality to ourselves and other delegates.\n\nThe German delegation, as will be seen from the report, were the most formidable antagonists with whom we had to contend; but, as will have been observed, we were able to settle our differences with them in a satisfactory manner by private colloquies. These were throughout carried on on the most friendly footing; and we\n\nLy",
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    {
        "id": 440914,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "page_number": 250,
        "title": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "content_text": "# THE OPIUM EVIL.\n\nArticle 3 is one of the most important articles of the convention in that it marks the formal adoption of a new principle of international commercial law, which, although in this case applies to opium, was recognized by all the delegates as applicable by future conferences to all commodities in international transit. By article 3 the contracting powers pledge themselves to take measures (a) to prevent the exportation of raw opium to countries which have or may prohibit its entry, and (b) to control the exportation of raw opium to countries which regulate or may regulate its importation. This article conventionalizes resolution 4 of the International Opium Commission, which was pressed by the American delegation and finally adopted by that commission. China had for 50 years or more contended against the exportation of Indian opium to China, frankly avowing first by protest and then by legalization of the traffic that she was unable to wholly prevent the inroad of the drug. That contention had been scorned by some of the greatest statesmen and economists of their day, the generally accepted view being that it was the business of a country prohibiting the entry of any drug or commodity to prevent its importation, an exporting country not being greatly concerned with the destination of the exported article.\n\nUpon the ratification by the various Governments of the present convention, by virtue of article 3, it will become an accepted principle of international commercial law that where a country has prohibited the importation of a drug or commodity, it is the business of a producing country to prevent the exportation of such products to the prohibiting country, or to prevent the exportation of such products unless the exporter conforms to the importation regulations of a regulating country. All the delegates recognized that this principle, though by this convention specifically applied to the opium traffic, could nevertheless be made applicable to any obnoxious or dangerous commodity in international trade. The adoption of this principle is of great credit to those opium-producing countries vitally affected by it. As concerns the United States and its possessions, in which no opium of any amount is produced, it is of great practical value, and when it becomes effective, will enable the preventive service of the customs to effectually exclude opium except for medicinal purposes, as provided for by the opium-exclusion act approved February 9, 1909, proposed legislation to strengthen that act, and Philippines legislation having the same object in view.\n\nBy article 4 of the convention the contracting powers pledge themselves to enact legislation or issue regulations providing that every package containing raw opium intended for export shall be marked so as to indicate its contents provided the shipment exceeds 5 kilograms. It was an object of the American delegation to secure that every package of opium for export should bear such marks. But as by Treasury regulation issued under the authority of the opium-exclusion act of February 9, 1909, delivery is made by the customs service of packages of opium containing not less than 100 pounds, it may be said that this article, as adopted by the conference, marks a decided advance on American practice.\n\nBy article 5 the contracting powers shall permit only duly authorized persons to import and export opium. In practice this will mean that all persons importing and exporting opium must eventually receive governmental authorization.\n\n# THE OPIUM EVIL.\n\n## 19\n\nChapter II of the convention is of striking importance, as it provides for the obliteration in a short time of the manufacture, exportation, importation, and use of opium for smoking purposes, and, in the meantime, for the confining of such manufacture and use to territories where such manufacture and use now obtain by totally forbidding the export of this form of opium to countries which have prohibited its entry and use or to countries which propose in the future to prohibit its entry and use.\n\nThe first paragraph of Chapter II defines the substance known as opium prepared for smoking, and by article 6 the contracting powers pledge themselves to take measures for the control, and ultimately effective suppression of the manufacture, domestic traffic in, and use of this form of opium.\n\nWhen it is recalled that not 10 years ago there was a large and influential body of public officials and others here and abroad who saw no harm, economic, moral, or otherwise, to oriental peoples, in opium smoking, the importance of article 6 will be recognized. It marks the right-about of such opinion, and a recognition by the Governments and peoples concerned that the opium-smoking vice is generally degrading beyond all benefits to revenue that may accrue from the manufacture, importation, exportation, and use of this form of opium, and a determination on the part of those Governments and peoples to bring the vice to a speedy conclusion.\n\nBy article 7 the contracting powers pledge themselves to prohibit not only the importation of the smokable form of opium, but also its exportation—thus conforming to one of the principles embraced by the opium exclusion act of February 9, 1909, and the proposed amendment thereto.\n\nBy article 8 of the convention the contracting powers which are not yet ready to prohibit the exportation of opium prepared for smoking are pledged to restrict the number of places through which such opium may be exported; to prohibit its exportation to countries which now or hereafter may prohibit its importation; in the meantime to forbid the shipment of any prepared opium to a country that wishes to restrict its admission, unless the exporter complies with the regulations of the importing country; to take measures to have each parcel exported bear a special mark indicative of the nature of its contents, and allow none but specially authorized persons to export this pernicious form of the drug.\n\nIt might seem from a hasty reading of article 8 that a general international traffic in prepared opium is sanctioned. But such is not the case, for it should be borne in mind that where it had become necessary every country represented at the conference had prohibited the importation, and in some cases the exportation and use of this form of opium, and the colonies and possessions of all of the countries except Portugal had passed strict laws forbidding the importation and in most cases the exportation of prepared opium. The notable instance of this not having been done is in the Portuguese Colony of Macau on the China coast, where large quantities of this form of opium have been and are still manufactured both for use in the colony and for exportation, the object being colonial revenue. The great mass of this opium is intended for Chinese and other consumers in the United States, the Philippine Islands, Canada, and Mexico. By the opium exclusion act of February 9, 1909, the importation of this form of the...",
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    {
        "id": 482318,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-458 - Public Offices & Others - 1919",
        "page_number": 366,
        "title": "CO129-458 - Public Offices & Others - 1919",
        "content_text": "Chapter 45 (28th July 1804), enabling land so required to be purchased absolutely, and the price to be ascertained by a jury in default of agreement.\n\nIn 1819 a question arose about some land between Sandgate and Hythe which the Master General of the Ordnance required for the use of the Crown to erect batteries and form a camp there; the owner was willing to grant a lease of the land during the war, but the Master General declined that proposal and expressed himself as determined for the benefit of the country to purchase the land in question, \"and in case Mr. Jeffery persisting in the refusal to sell to bring in a Bill in Parliament to empower the Board of Ordnance to purchase the land in question, and to have the value ascertained by a jury as is usual.\" (Book of Extracts, page 419). No suggestion of taking by virtue of any prerogative was advanced by the Ordnance.\n\nThe Defence Act, 1842, recites various Acts of George III., George IV., and William IV., whereby various provisions have been theretofore made for the purchase of land and hereditaments for the public service, and for the defence and security of the realm, and that it is expedient to consolidate, amend, and enlarge such powers and provisions. The Act then provides by sections 5 and 6 for vesting in the principal officers of Her Majesty's Ordnance, lands and hereditaments or any acquired and thereafter to be acquired for the defence and security of the realm. Section 9 confers power on the principal officers of Ordnance to purchase or take on lease lands desirable to be purchased for the defence of the realm, and to enter into any necessary contracts. Section 16 authorises the principal officers of Ordnance to enter on, survey, and mark out any lands or hereditaments wanted for the defence of the realm, and to treat and agree with the owners of the same either for the absolute purchase thereof, or for the possession or use thereof during such time as the exigence of the public service shall require.\" By section 19 if the parties interested fail to agree within 14 days upon the consideration for the absolute purchase or the annual rent or sum for the hire, either for a time certain, or for such period as the exigence of the public service may require, then certain justices of the peace, or other persons named in the statute are authorised and required to put the said principal officers into immediate possession of the said lands and hereditaments, and to issue their warrants to the sheriff to summon a jury, to value the premises and assess the compensation to be paid for the absolute purchase or for the possession or use thereof as the case may be. Then follows a proviso that it shall not be lawful for the principal officers to use any lands, buildings, or hereditaments taken under the compulsory process for the barrack service or to erect any barrack buildings thereon. By section 23 it is provided that no lands, buildings, or hereditaments shall be so taken without the consent of the owners, unless the necessity or expediency of taking the same shall be first certified by the Lord Lieutenant or certain other persons, or unless the enemy shall have actually invaded the United Kingdom at the time when such lands, It will thus be seen buildings, or other hereditaments shall be so taken.\n\nthat the Statute applies as well in time of war as in time of peace; but in time of war, and actual invasion by the enemy, one of the restrictions on using the compulsory powers, namely, the certificate of the Lord Lieutenant or other named persons, is unnecessary. This restriction, however, remains in war time, if the enemy has not actually invaded the kingdom; and there is also the restriction of having to allow 14 days to elapse before the principal officers are entitled to require that they shall be put into immediate possession of the property. The subsequent assessment and payment of compensation is not a restriction.\n\nThe obligation to pay follows on the acquisition of the interest in the land, but the assessment and payment take place after possession of the property has been given to the principal officers, and does not hinder or affect the principal officers in putting the property to such uses as they may think fit. After the outbreak of the great war, two statutes were passed in August 1914, the Defence of the Realm Act, 1914, and the Defence of the Realm (No. 2) Act, 1914. His Majesty in Council was thereby authorised, during the continuance of the war, to issue regulations for securing the public safety and the defence of the realm, \"and may by such regulations also provide for the suspension of any restrictions on the acquisition or user of land, or the exercise of the power of making byelaws, or any other power under the Defence Acts, 1842 to 1875, or the Military Lands Acts, 1891 to 1903.\" These statutes thus provide for regulating the existing powers. Orders in Council were made under the power of these statutes. The Defence of the Realm Regulations, 1914, and the Defence of the Realm (No. 2) Regulations, 1914, were issued, and amended by an Order in Council dated 17th September 1914. These regulations provide for the suspension of certain restrictions. The fourteen days' delay provided for by Section 19 of the Defence Act, 1842, disappears, as authority is given to take immediate possession of land and buildings where necessary for the public safety or defence of the realm. Again, compulsory acquisition, whether permanent or temporary, is authorised, without the need for any invasion of the United Kingdom as a condition precedent to the exercise of compulsory powers. Thus during the continuance of the great war, and while the Defence of the Realm regulations remain in force, the powers of acquiring land compulsorily (whether permanently or temporarily) under the Defence Acts are extended, and restrictions on its exercise removed, but no power was or could be conferred by the Regulations to take the land of a subject without payment. In order to secure the public safety and the defence of the realm, it may be necessary to obtain immediate possession of land and buildings, but neither the public safety nor the defence of the realm requires that the value of the subject's land, or of the temporary possession of it, should be confiscated. Again, if the Executive Government is authorised under the Defence Acts to take and occupy land on paying compensation, there is no necessity for the safety of the realm to take any other course, so long as any restrictions upon acquiring the immediate possession of the land are removed. Moreover, there is not any Defence of the Realm Regulation purporting to abolish the right to compensation; even if there had been such a regulation it would not in my opinion have been authorised by the powers conferred by the Defence of the Realm Act, 1914, or the (No. 2) Act, 1914. On this point I may refer to what was said by Lord Esher in The Attorney General v. Horner, 1 Queen's Bench Division, page 245, that: \"It is a proper rule of construction, not to construe an Act of Parliament as interfering with or injuring persons' rights without compensation unless one is obliged to so construe it.\" And also to the judgment of Lord Justice Bowen in London and North Western Railway Company v. Evans, 1893, 1 Chancery, 16, at page 28. The legislation cannot fairly be supposed to intend, in the absence of clear words showing such intention, that one man's property shall be confiscated for the benefit of others, or of the public, without any compensation being provided for him in respect of what is taken compulsorily from him. Parliament in its omnipotence can, of course, override or disregard this ordinary principle if it sees fit to do so, but it is not likely that it will be found disregarding it, without plain expressions of such a purpose.\" The contention of the suppliants that the entry of the Crown upon the land was in fact under the Defence Act, 1842, and subsequent provisions, and that the liability to pay ...",
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    {
        "id": 488385,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 126,
        "title": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n## Bill Read a First Time\n\nThe COLONIAL SECRETARY seconded, and the Bill was read a first time.\n\n## Objects and Reasons\n\nThe Objects and Reasons state:- \n1. The Bill is based on the Indemnity Act, 1920, 10 and 11 Geo. 5, chapter 48.\n\n2. The definition of the term risk in clause 2 is taken from clause 19 of Admiralty Charter Party T. 99, as being the risk assumed at the time of requisitioning when certain ships were first placed under control in 1917 and 1918. The other definitions in clause 2 are taken from the Act.\n\n3. Clause 3 of the Bill is practically a copy of clause 1 of the Act, except that words have been inserted in order to make it quite clear that the clause will include claims for the recovery of money held by the Government of the Colony in consequence of such acts as are referred to in the main part of the clause. These words are inserted by way of extra caution as it seems obvious that the Government took the risk of any damage due to any operations of war engineered by enemy agents in the East. If a raider had appeared in these waters and had sunk even half these ships, the resulting loss would, at a time of very high value of shipping, have been most crippling. It was a risk contemplated with considerable anxiety at the time by the Government, and if the loss had occurred, it would have been a most severe one for the Colony from which it would not have recovered for a long time. Are we then, to get nothing in return for that risk which the Colony as a whole took? I admit that does not cover the whole ground, but it does cover at least part of the ground. It may not be generally known that we did at one time offer the Imperial Government the whole of the collections from this requisition scheme if they would also accept the risk, and the Imperial Government refused to do so. We, therefore, had to carry it through on our own.\n\nI do not propose to go into the details of the Bill. It is based on the English Act and the details are explained, I think, sufficiently in the Objects and Reasons. The special words inserted in clauses 3 and 4 to cover the case of claims in respect of requisitioning of ships have been inserted by way of extra caution. I say that because I think that the English Act did cover them and was intended to cover them. The debate in the House of Commons shows that it lasted six hours and turned mainly on the shipping question involved. It was pointed out that if the Bill was not passed, an additional burden of £328,000,000 would be thrust on the taxpayers of the country. I mention that to show that it was intended to apply to shipping claims. By way of extra caution, words have been inserted in this Bill to make that perfectly clear.\n\nWe made, from this Colony, during the war certain contributions to the Imperial Government for the carrying on of the war. We sent home out of ordinary revenue over five millions; and out of special rates imposed for war purposes over two millions. We also raised a loan of three million dollars and sent that to the Imperial Government. The cash payments have gone; the loan remains, and what it is proposed to do with the money collected by the Government under the requisition scheme is to place it in a fund for the redemption of that war loan.\n\n4. Speaking generally, clause 3 gives protection to all persons in the public service, in respect of any act done during the war and before the passing of the Ordinance, if such acts were done (a) in execution of a public duty, and (b) in good faith. Sub-clause (3) provides that a certificate by the Colonial Secretary that any act was done in execution of a duty shall be sufficient evidence of that fact, and that any act so done shall be deemed to have been done in good faith unless the contrary is proved.\n\n5. The clause in question, clause 3, bars all legal proceedings in respect of any such acts, including legal proceedings for the recovery of money held by the Government in consequence of any such act. Certain legal proceedings are excepted from this bar, and amongst the excepted cases is the institution of proceedings in respect of breach of contract, provided that such proceedings are commenced within one year from the termination of the war or from the date when the cause of action arose, whichever may be the latter date. This limitation of time is imposed in order that claims may not be held back unduly but may be presented while the evidence on behalf of the Government is more likely to be available. Temporary organisations set up for the purposes of a war are dissolved when the war comes to an end, or even before that event, and the longer the time which elapses, the more difficult it is to obtain evidence on matters dealt with by such temporary organisations.\n\n6. Clause 4 makes an exception to the general bar on legal proceedings imposed by clause 3. It gives a definite legal right to payment in respect of the requisition and control of shipping by or on behalf of the Government of the Colony, and a right to compensation for damage directly due to war risk during the period of requisition or control. The payment in respect of requisitioning and control is to be in accordance with the Blue Book rates, together with any additional payment which may have been expressly promised in writing, or credited to the owner, by the Government. This addition does not appear in the Imperial Act but is peculiar to the Bill. Compensation for damage due to war risk is limited, as in the Imperial Act, by the provision that, in assessing such damage, no account is to be taken of any increase of market values of tonnage due to the war.\n\n9. It may be pointed out that sub-clause (1) of clause 3 provides that if any legal proceedings which is barred by the Ordinance shall have been instituted before the commencement of the Ordinance, it shall be discharged, subject to such order as to costs which the Court may think fit to make. Sub-clause (4) of the same clause provides that nothing in the clause shall affect a final judgment given before the passing of the Ordinance.\n\n## Deportation Ordinance\n\n### First Reading of the Bill\n\nTHE ATTORNEY-GENERAL moved the first reading of the Bill intituled, **An Ordinance to amend the Deportation Ordinance, 1917**.\n\nHe said: This Bill falls into two portions. Clause 2, clause 4, and clause 5 are founded on the recent aliens legislation in the United Kingdom. The important part of clause 3 is founded on a recent China Order in Council. I do not know that I need refer in detail to the clauses based on the aliens legislation of the United Kingdom, but I would like to refer to section (b) of clause 3. That is the part of the Bill which is based on the China (Amendment) Order in Council, No 3, 1920. It gives the Governor in Council power to deport any person who it is considered has acted or is about to act in a manner prejudicial to the public safety. That power to deport can only be exercised after what we may call the long procedure of the Deportation Ordinance has been gone through. It is not a summary power; the person whom it is proposed to deport has to have a definite charge put before him and is given the opportunity of answering that charge.\n\nClause 3 provides for tribunals which are to consist of one of the judges as president, and of two other members, one nominated by the Governor and the other by the claimant. The Imperial Act provides for an appeal on a point of law from the arbitration tribunal to the Court of Appeal. Clause 5 provides that the president of the local tribunal may reserve any point of law for the decision of the Full Court, and that the decision of the Full Court on such point of law shall be final. The Imperial Act provides for an appeal from the Court of Appeal to the House of Lords, but only by leave of the Court of Appeal.\n\n8. Clause 6 saves all Prize Court proceedings from the operation of the Bill.\n\nThe COLONIAL SECRETARY seconded, and the Bill was read a first time.\n\n## Objects and Reasons\n\nThe Objects and Reasons state: \n1. The object of this Bill is to amend the Deportation Ordinance, 1917, by remedying certain apparent defects therein and by inserting certain new provisions in order to conform with recent legislation in the United Kingdom.\n\n2. Clause 2 of the Bill is based on a combination of the present section 3 (2) of the Ordinance and the provisions of Article 12 (6) (c) of the Aliens Order, 1920, which reads as follows:-",
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    {
        "id": 500972,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-489N - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 7,
        "title": "CO129-489N - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "32\n\nFOR THE\n\nSWIMMING\n\nSEASON\n\nWe are displaying an excellent range of\n\nBATHING COSTUMES\n\nRUBBER BATHING CAPS & SHOES\n\nSWIMMING FLOATS\n\nDo Not Fail to Inspect our Display of JANTZEN'S & JAEGERS'\n\nLADIES' AND GENTS'\n\nBATHING COSTUMES\n\nIn all Colours and Attractive Designs.\n\nThose Pure Wool Costumes are unexcelled for their wearing qualities, comfort and style, and they always retain their shape.\n\nTHE SINCERE CO., LTD.\n\nHOTCHKISS\n\nDON\n\nFALST BROS.\n\nKIRKCALDY\n\nHONGKONG EMPORIUM\n\nAN OLD FAVOURITE BACK AGAIN!\n\nConnoisseurs will remember \"DON\"- the favourite Scotch Whisky of Pre-War Days.\n\nNOW for the first time since the war, we can again supply DON.\n\nSole Agents:\n\nN. S. Moses & Co., Ltd.\n\nWhy Your Printing Should be the Best.\n\nMost people characterise the standing of a firm by its printing. Shoddy, or even mediocre printing gives the impression of mediocrity.\n\nAs you judge a man's character by his habits so do you judge a firm by its methods: its printing, its correspondence, the promptness, and its general tidiness in business.\n\nMake sure your printing is good, clean, and has that touch of distinction which a first-class printer makes his speciality.\n\nUp-to-date and good printing is executed by\n\nSouth China Morning Post,\n\nTel. 440.\n\nLimited\n\n3 Wyndham Street\n\nHongkong.\n\nSOUTH\n\nCHINA MORNING POST.\n\nTHE\n\nECONOMY IN HOME BUILDING.\n\nTHE OWNER AND THE\n\nARCHITECT.\n\nBy Oswald C. Bering. Published by Robert M. McBride Company, New York $5.\n\nWEDNESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1925.\n\nBUILDER.\n\nFOUNDATIONS.\n\nBUILDING PROBLEMS IN HONGKONG.\n\nMuch more general appearance\n\nThe timber pile, both squared and round in a \"tree shape\", have been the most greatly used in the past. These are driven in by a falling weight, or steam hammer, until a specified resistance at each fall is obtained.\n\nTo-day the timber pile has largely been replaced by piles of concrete, steel and combinations of concrete and steel.\n\nConcrete piles can be divided into two classes, viz precast and cast in position.\n\nMr. Hertug has added another to the list that may be met with by architects in the East.\n\nThe \"ground\" in Europe is one of the most important factors of shares and limits average matter, and in addition the conditions of space.\n\nThe precast pile is cast very much in a similar way to that of the thinner pile, and is generally made with a pointed end, and land reclaimed are so found by the soil, or a metal shell is driven into the ground upon completion of all the piling and forethought for back that they can ease to be carried through to an also be said, with safety, ground, and\n\nHe is never pre-in Great Britain, that old or bedding upon \"bad ground\" make a compromise when it comes to inferior quality is not usually a paying proposition, land being generally purchased at rates which are less than the cost of reclamation, or at less than the extra cost\n\nWith the metal shell as a mould, the metal shell covers a collapsible general pile cure, the shed and the raundiena sufit upon waslabic soil.\n\nArchitects seem to feel pretty strongly a lack of the paper of river-side warehouses and dock sititude toward their profession, and where low-lying sites, by their due both to ignorance of the lay Homes, base & valce in giving man, as well as over ambitious re-\n\naccuse on waterways and storage presentatives within the preïez-\n\natungarde. slur. Much space is devoted in this bank to emphasizing the importance of selecting a good architect, and what is more, excending\n\na bilding site may range from portance of rebitecturo as the Dig ind waa an art. I must be honoured with\n\nin\n\nold allowed to haraan, and dzisi\n\nThe precast pi'e la cast ven in a similar way to that ef the thinner pile, and is generally\n\ngood agricultural pie cast in position may\n\nJo\n\nend, and lande reclaimed are so fond by the soil, or a metal shell\n\nInto the\n\nupon completion of\n\nall the pianting and forethought for hack that they can ease to be\n\nWhere the earth forms be mould, at any heantau! thing that is spoken of as cocinimes worth being carried through to an also be said, with safety, ground, and\n\nland metal lobe la driver\n\ncompletion.\n\nHe is never pre-in Great Britale, that ocliving driving the tube, concrete is passed pared fo\n\nmake a compromise lard or bedding upon \"bad ground\"\n\ndown the tube, the tube being with-- when it comes to inferior quality is not n staally a paying propal-drawn as the couerote is placed. of materials or -guted dion, lana being reuerally pureba\n\nWith the metal sheli as a mould, the metal shell covers a collapsible: cunstances, he always indicates as than the cost of reclamation, meral ple cure, the shed and the a smaller scute, or simplified as ur et less than the extra cost\n\nraundiena sufit upon waslabic soil. Architects seem to feel pretty Tan exceptious are to the rase strongly a lack of the paper of river-side warehouses and dock sititude toward their profession, and where low-lying sites, by their due both to ignoranes of the Jay Homes, base & valce in giving man, Ax well sa over ubitious re-\n\naccuse on waterways and storage presentatives within the preïez-\n\natungarde. slur. Much space in devoted in this bank to emphasizing the mould mad, to hard rock, or six à bilding site may range from portance of selecting a good arritures varying between these two tect, and what is more, excending Mad, soft ground, or Ta pat fath in bi The aveti-\n\ning.\n\nTHA\n\nIvos sand,\n\nle care being driven into the quil, 5s pic care heirg collapsed when i rewnioz the necteurs depth, and removed, feaving the shell in the ground to form a road to take the concrete.\n\nThe slams for the metal shell are f that before placing the camareis.\n\nhe concrete can do seen, and that the near space to be recupied ly\n\nas the hole is Hired by the motul shell there is no risk of earth o\n\ntect ia a Dinette,\" says Mr. Hat ve of indefinite depth, or ground water becoming mixed with\n\nthickness of there untable soils, the concrete. safely carry the structur covering soi! sufficiently solid tej claimed Jun.\n\nand\n\nHe e insistent on necessity of the architect knowing\n\nOne syle, where the fabe is: his clients understanding their\n\nHe-driven and withdrawn as la con-i needs, and the actual human fac have hoen ased for the disposti of the monid, attaches great value areas which ereta is placed the soil forming tors of thefe problem. The lay-earth, and rebash, come under the to ramming the earth at the foot Tan does not usually balanced picture or the problending or soft ground, which the gile to an enlarged base, over-lie good firm soll before commencing the concreting,\n\n14%\n\na\n\nQuality\n\nTOP NOTCH\"\n\n\"KING GEORGE IV\" Scotch Whisky\n\nSole Agents:\n\nGANDE, PRICE & Co., Ltd.,\n\nHONG KONG\n\nFresh Air on Top\n\nWHEN it is \"set fair\" with\n\nthe thermometer in this eighties\n\nyou CRO awoly command a refre sehga\n\nbreeze from your\n\nand is likely is mopese plans that The sides of water courses are and the camming of the concrete Electric Fan\n\nare inconsistent.\n\nTactful and Firm,\n\nIt is\n\natten of sor 2. var-lying is invera to ratosal, as placed.) The architect must be tactful may a exist, that is, a pool for the plic, and irregular sides which good firm button. The opposite which results in a bulbuions font tel bat in his criticiser. asstatis?, therefore, saleet himmering mud, or louse soft before pay atop a taken in the plays, ar buiting, Indeed, to help\n\nWhere had greend iz met with. the actual selection of the site the normal footings obtained he\n\nis claimed give greater skin letion.\n\nConcrete, it good, as a materiai | tor piles can be spoken of as per\n\nis unually a mistaka to scrno-widening walls un piers. under manent, whether in waler or in the zize in the matter of the custheir base, by bedek esate and ground ur \"hetween wind end of bis services. A selection of pain concrete, may not he efficient water,\" the\n\nIt will keep you fit until holiday-time, and suszała you at concert-pitch afterwards.\n\nOne unit of electricity will drive a small jan for 40 hours.\n\npositiva destrac-THE CHINA LIGHT & POWER Co., (1918) Ltd.\n\nat.\n\nthe rebt man will mean considersstrecoure over aning arca bu retive to other materials. able economy in purcheses snoduce the load to the amount per 01 subject to rot, at construction laier, and a personal quare foot, Part the soli wil carber. And doe's 201 corrode as does\n\nrunk from wond barers, as is m and artistic interest lu results. Recourse has then to be\n\nmade\n\nchanges, us\n\n50\n\noften it has\n\nArchitect expertaily young to other methods, such as spread and steel, s has the nd ones, make the mistake very often footings, piling, rafts, caissons,ntage, that, however pamarent ef giving a rapid estimate of cost, cylinders, sheel pillow, are a com wood piling sy he, i constantly teiling what the exact date o hinatione of these, according to the\n\nsaturated, there is rot the fear of commation will be. An experi-pe of strucuri and the nature decay if the line of sturation anced maz is too well acquainted of the soil. with finetusiona te the markei, The spread footing is the ineen found to do. There is and unfavourable labour candi-iment of the aormal convete rage, 46180 the increasing difficulty, tions, and uncertain whether to to give additional bearing aves.\n\ntowing the depletion spook Sognaticely on any of these The normal courete foundation foreste, to obtain timber of targe M. dering abould be expabic of wider then the frickenk it up rete may be found to be chaper. matera. God architecte, sage to a watt or pier, being bat ute seartling and when large scantlinga are required, the first cost of con- estimating within 10 per cent of ports, is subjected to but little or the cost. t is recommend that ho tention. he let out contracting directly, in stead of placing this function in the alone of another.\n\nThere are many ways of series\n\ning ccenomy, \"Ruild economical\n\n, but never cheaply,\" says M\n\nHeria, Econcutez depend agon\n\nBy eulanging. It is subjected to\n\ntalle stress in the underside,\n\n(1)\n\nRafii\n\no\n\nRaft foundations have become care into use since the introdie-\n\nand to take up this stress,, rotted of reinforced concrete. Pre-\n\nsteel jufte are inserted or the con- areta is relaforced with zods,\n\nFiling.\n\nWith cerisin scils and where the\n\nbe driven to\n\nVICK= to die introduction of reinforced aonercle, refta were co- steneten in plafa concrete, and sol being reinforced, were af thirdness.\n\n37622\n\nWith s raft the preseard on the\n\nthe nature of the plan, bup of atrasture resis apon the grandi,\n\ncortare, exbica o materials, resuficient piles may duction of regelremonts, market sonsolidate the earth sufferently to jail is diatributed over the waxi-\n\ncluziion. favourableness\n\ncarry the tend. Before driving them se possible, reducing the weather, etc. Cut out non-essen pilas the earth seemed a certain pure per square foot to a min tials first, he recomiende, bistoad space. After the piles are driver, roam, and if pemperly of making a\n\ndezigned, compromise\n\nthec in earth. plz piles, the earth in soft places. quality of materiale. He ecumer\n\nWith few ates and explains more extensive bulk of the driven pile,\n\nasing heen consolidated by the exceptions the site under buildings | ly and technically many others.\n\n1234 ke he movered sith au Supervious Bungalows.\n\nPiles for the purpose of conjayer. In most cases concrete is the solidating soda can be of tallar peatario! used, and this\n\nrerete\" made sufficiently thick\n\nface\n\nand restored, may form the raft.\n\nShowroom 62 Nathan Road, Kawi\n\n60 years ago!\n\nKAYIP\n\nThe Firm of MACKAY introduced LIQUEUR WHISKY Its success has led to the oxistence ni mszy fetior Brande offered under ritar title.\n\nMACKAY'S THE ORIGINAL- 1495EUR WHISKY\n\nBabe in face age and chore Bone pretation of Highland Whisky.\n\nTu Tubos na jou tuing Bred five leading divide throughout the int\n\nGaste no more than dory\n\nObtainable from all the leading\n\nstores in the Colony. WHOLESALE AGENTS-BRADLEY & Co., Ltd.\n\nCOLUMBIA\n\nNEW-PROCESS\n\nRECORDS\n\nMUSICAL COMEDIES\n\nSelection\n\n19\n\n465 THE GEISHA\n\n821 IRENE\n\n723 LILAC DOMINO\n\nWith badldings having basements, the basement level mag he balex\n\n666 MAID OF THE MOUNTAINS 932 BRIGHTER LONDAR\n\n12\n\n27\n\n645 CHU-CHIN-CHOW\n\n659 CHU-CHIN-CHOW\n\nTe duretes & chapter cach tepes to the used for beading country house. suburban town piles, but in several ecare pales of Aud semi-domestic. In the counhard materialy having no cobesion try and sobarben heuse it is a have been used, such as sacó, eliz importens to develop the exterior (kers, stores, pl.\n\nwater level, requiring reinforce! Surroundings as the interior de\n\nFrich pile of curò, stone or other ment against the opward ad in. tails. The arcaiteet must be con- Part materials, boles are formed ward presauce of water, the ruft earned with lawns, shrubbery, driving and removing pilas of useiber with the barzeniest walls, kennels.\n\nfilling thereoning a watertight box\n\nmaterials, aged in water bearing toil\n\nThe Puthor is heeed, or metal, and etc. arused at the surr of gull hole with the bead\n\nmen whe extat at having to with bearing les, that is plas A raft foundation may be mora \"pay an architect to design\n\nwhich support a structure, such as jerononteal, even when in itself it chicken coop\" Bungalows are a pier over open water and build costs more, then foundations taken\n\n¡Ay chase\n\nnot ganerally inexpensive, as ings on soft sort or liquid mud, the down to a low level, glling, when supposed. They must always bo freeistance against ponetration of the taking down of the founda! pleaned to ennform to the scythe pie may be obtained by its roations, the ailing roundings. The ideal way\n\nreaching sold ground, ot by dodge to dosing property.\n\n(Minders. Cylinders of iron and steel, and\n\nplanning a town house is to et tion of the soil against te sides,\n\nla group of people to share in les partiz by both it being driven\n\nlot having a common central gerte a suficient depth to stala treiufgrend coutrete, sinh tuto sott\n\nen and Como architectu friction, or support at its foot. style that can be planned har\n\nrol, water, wad and, and les moniously.\n\n279 FLORODORA\n\nVocal tems\n\n309 LES CLOCHES DE CORNEVILLE\n\nAT\n\nANDERSON'S\n\nThe põe supported at its fot, with concrete, have been used. pose of being between groups of for that porting id a pie surround- Je some Chat:x eylinders have pites and giving rigidity.\n\nnd by water or liquid and giving surrounded groups or piles, the\n\nFor work of ar engineering\n\nHe discusses frateruity houses had the comparative lack of le rtle or na aters! support and piles being Srst drivan, the e7lindratare, enfssons of metal or rein. terest in their style. One of the friction, becomes a column and is ers, dropped over greaps of pites. forced concrete have heat, fosted Cardinal fundar.ontal guad subjected to siplar stresses to the ender resting on the bottom, to prition, suk architecture is dit \"the fecade those which columns are subjected and after the exlindars\n\n0:1 prepaved and plac shall express the par- to, and can be calculated as such. position, ing them\n\nare in beds, and filled with stones or son- prae of the building.\" The funda A feree, the concrete filling the spaces imental in move or leva nuylerted personally\" in the architecture of between the piles sed the naise sood supporting soils, in spite of in our semi-derarstic buildings. their homes. Throughout the vo- of the eslinder. By this mean, folical platements to the can-\n\nwith\n\n200-\n\nxk.\n\nCertain ally, ench as sund, are\n\nthe trury, providing they are not do a\n\nMr. Horing shows farther jamo one is coracleas of the au- support is obtained from amusement at the ladies who de there gesuire belief in the files. ne elinder and concrete position in which they can sore,\n\nand pure pemodse styles: atzo, portance and eigalheance of the inside binding thure who insist upon \"expressing Fart.-Christian Science Monitor piles together, serving\n\nthe pa\n\nof and to prevent spreading the elte\n\nthe par- can be enclosed by abeak piling, of\n\ntimber, iron, steel, er reinforced concrete. Sheet pillay, at comple tion, could be described as a box ariere, without top on bottom, enclosing the ground on which. the batting elands.\n\nScrew Piles\n\nThese are main! cylinders with \"screw\" anda, the pile being ra rolved and anteng the soil in a similar way to that of wood screw entering wood.\n\nTheir most frequent use is for light piers where the sea bottom le sand.\n\nHOTELS.\n\nTHE\n\nSOUTH CHINA MORNING POST,\n\nWEDNESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1925.\n\nHOTELS.\n\nHONGKONG\n\nHONGKONG HOTEL; REPULSE BAY HOTEL:\n\nPEAK HOTEL.\n\nTulographie Address: KREMLIN, HONGKONG.”\n\nAND\n\nSHANGHAI\n\nASTOR HOUSE HOTEL: PALACH HOTEL;\n\nKALEE HOTEL; MAJESTIC HOTEL. Telegraphic Address: \"CENTRAL, SHANGHAL.\"\n\nHOTELS,\n\nLIMITED.\n\n43 association with the Grand Hotel des Wagons Lits. Peking,\n\nKOWLOON HOTEL.\n\nTHE PREMIER HOTEL IN KOWLOON, First Class Billiard Room and Satoon Bar.\n\nSHIPPING\n\nSTRIKE SITUATION.\n\nDEARTH OF CHINESE KIVER CARGOES.\n\nArrical and Departures.\n\nJUNG VOYAGERS.\n\nCHRISTIAN COLLEGIANS ARRIVE AT CANTON.\n\nUdging the Searchlights.\n\nNEWS\n\nFRENCH FLAGSHIP.\n\n13\n\nP. & O. BRITISH INDIA, APCAR AND RASTERN & AUSTRALIAN LINES.\n\n(COMPANIZA IRMOTROzed in ENGLAND) STATEO, JAVA ↳ OTTAMA, CREION, INDIA, PENSJAN GAFLF, WHAT IEDARA,\n\nKARTICA, ART & HOVE AFRICA, ANSA RAL-ANIA. INCLEDINU AR\n\nZNALAND & 4URENSLAND POSTA. RED HEA. WIEFT, ZUBOPY, KTO\n\nPENINNITLAR & ORIENTAL FORTNIGHTLY DAVET ROYAL MAIL UTKANADA\n\nSPER CONTRACT WI\n\nH. GYERSNXXT}\n\nIONS PROM TONGKONG ABOUT\n\n20th August.\n\nPENDING CHANGE IN NAVAL NARKUNDA...\n\nKIDDERPORE\n\nJEYPORA\n\nCOMMAND.\n\nKHYBER...........\n\nThe French battleship Jules\n\nNAGPORE\n\nof V140 Farry, ying the faz\n\nTILAWA TALAMBA\n\nTANDA...\n\nThe sixaution in the matter of\n\nAs was exclusively uncunced Admiral Prochos, Commander-in- ocean Donte shipping remains un- in the relature of the S. C. f. Post Ja Phart uime ago, a parts of Sqaadran, arrived yesterday over- sries and clearances varies but Americana left Hongkong toring and anchored in Kowloon ARAFURA\n\ntie. Cargoes are small in quan Canion by two fucks which were Bay as there are at present yo tity and few ju number. For the chartered For the purpose of berthe available in the man of yast fon; weeks shipments of more convering coroat and building war anchorage.\n\nthen\n\nThe usual ma\n\n0.334\n\n105\n\nDESTINATION\n\n42wers & wartorg-\n\n16,237 8th Sept., soon.rition & Fanuch.\n\n5,218\n\n17th Sept.\n\n0.114 19th September.\n\n5,83\n\njeet Soudna, Miles, London,\n\nLaterpell\n\n3465 September. patebay.\n\nBRITISH INDIA-LOCAH BAJURGS INDUTA\n\n10,000 24th September. 3'pore, Pung & Calcutta\n\n18,018 9 October.\n\nEASTENNÉ SUSTRALIAN RATING (SOUTH)\n\n16,9505\n\n8,000!\n\n2nd Sept.\n\nMaa, Sandokat Chnes. Is\n\n7th October Tarifle, B'ban, 'eer, &\n\nMethaurns.\n\nSADAMA win aga quli ni Turbo The 1. 9.3. Cu td. seatures will zien dil; of Shangkhu, B\n\nShaazhki, Dzsin. Debit, Kalam. The Timber Darwin, as her wine wich tho towing\n\nFrogweat conrad An the New Zaki, Tante\n\nas rand_nta\n\nSatan and soudit via Panama Canal.\n\nThe Ure 5.9. Company ateaders to the United Kingoeta 1,000 tons have beys rare, material to the Canton Christina {tional salutics were fired, and sise and now, even the local Chinese College under the leadership of the fing saiule in Vice Admiral whe may usually be depended upon 31r. Crumpton, No information Sinclair. which were duly re- to furnish small freights for river joald be obtained at the time turned. Electric Lift and Telephone to each Floor, Tels. K.608 & K.609. Cable address: KOWLOTEL, Hongkongingle package of cargo was ten who was acting as super Vion Admiral\n\nGnder the Persound Baparvicken and Matogoriană di\n\nFRANK L. COOKE.\n\nProprietor.\n\nKING EDWARD HOTEL. Electric lifts and Lighting. Telephone on each Floor, Hotel Launch Meets All Steamers.\n\nTol. Central No. 370.\n\nTelegraphle Address: \"VICTORIA.\" J. WITCHELL, Manager.\n\nST. GEORGE'S HOUSE. KENNEDY ROAD,\n\nPrivate Hotel, affording Every Comfurt.\n\nLARGE AND OF HARBOUR\n\nAIRY ROOMS. SPLENDID EXCELLENT CUISINE UNDER SUPERVISION OF THE PROPRIETKISS.\n\nLOSSIUS, Proprietress.\n\nFor te suply to\n\nThe only hotel in CANTON\n\ndirectly under European\n\nManagement.\n\nNAGPORE... 5,248\n\nSANJIS TO BHANGHAIR LAYER.\n\n26th August.\n\nHI\n\n......$10,000\n\nShanghai, Moji & Kobe.\n\n4th September. Sbbai, Moji kote. 6th September. Kebe.\n\nì deben re afrasimme wid subtrat in alteration without quiler. Wielan\n\nSTRAWERS. Parede og not mon than 21, x 16. × 7 th, will be prerived as ike Lumping's (not up lo egia on the day previous to unitis\n\nFanburding.\n\nB\n\ncestt, even though the pun la voly ether arough the Acerts The arrival of the dulos Perry KARMALA ......\n\nMac, are showing no Comandate of the Harbour Of is a proliminary to the charge OVET TILAWA design m despatch goods. Pas through which latter place in of the Commander-in-Chiership senzar hookings by the river sail- lucka cleared with no mention of at the squadron. Rear Admiral ings yesterday were good, but not 'pautengere other than Mr. Crnan- Basir is to be the successor of Fruchot, and will sen. ap.\n\nMules Michelet at as early data. 24 hours ending #sam yesterday Information has now been re After the command has been showed o vessels in harthour, of seived which confirms the state turned over, the Jules Ferry will which wery British, with 12 meu then made and this is to the leave for France, the new arrival arrivals and 11 doyartures. Bri- affect that the voyagers have becoming the Bugship in Lish shipping contributed six and reached Carton.\n\ntwo respectively, to these guzes. Warpon was reached at 2 a.. Arrival were the British ships on Sunday morning and taking Empress of Casada from Vancon- advantage of the darkness, the ver and Shanghai with 186 tour of junka alipped in ander the nearch- fouz, amigenium salphate aut Hights which awept the Back mails, Yut Shing from Bangkes Rear, without being detected. with 2,260 tons of rice and general There is no shipping activity\n\nThe\n\nstead,\n\nPARENTS PERTAINI\n\nNOTICE TO MARINERS.\n\nSHANGHAI DECLARED\n\nCHOLERA-INFECTED\n\nPORT.\n\nker\n\nand two bags of mails, Nam Sang in Canton, but sumbers of snail The following notice to muzinera: from Yokohama nt Shanghai boats are fraighting vegetables has been posted at the Harbour with 1,205 tena of general, tonius and produce from outlying die Once, seved by the authorities Revolutionary placards at Canton under date. August 13:\n\nHarbour Notification No. 1 of 1923. Notice is hereby given that the Superintendent of Custome and Representatives of Poreign Con- sale Bodiaz bave declared the port of Shanghai to be infected. AR vessels arriving therefrom either at Pantee or Whangea on and after this date are to be guvern\n\njing dangerous goods (firecrackerstricts. Tel. Central 116.\n\n(and matches) and 359 bags. of fare posted about the city treiting all, Jaining from Poochow and the people to take action agata\n\nforeig oppressore. Amoy with 50 tona ganerai and the mails, Hallie from Sulyon with gates to Alamen ure picketed 3.921 tons of ride and gear and the Chinese side to prevent any three bags of mail, Clearailah conuuunication with the defen Srum Sieganore and Hoi Nam with dore. Contradictory rumours are cur general, one bag of mulls and 200 deck paterpgera. the American reut with regard to the shipping\n\nTHE VICTORIA HOTEL,\n\nSHAMEEN,\n\nGuides\n\nand trips arranged for\n\nand special care\n\ntaken of TOURISTS. Cable Address 1 \"VICTORIA.\"\n\nEMPRESS LODGE.\n\nTel Kowloon. 296. fel. Add: \"presloge.\"\n\n8, Mudy Hoad, Kowloon Up-to-date Residential and Tourist Hotel. Two minutes walk from the Ferry Newly furnished, with latest sanitary bath- Under Barpervision of the Pro- Excellant ralaine.\n\nMom?\n\nprintress.\n\nPor termos apply to Mrs. M. O. MURPHY, Propristress\n\nPALACE HOTEL.\n\nTel. Address \"PALACE.” Tel. Kowiuon No. B.\n\nThres mátutes irom Kowlen Wharf, Ferry Wharf and RawaJ Station, Entirely Bater English Management. Eletele Light and Faus throughout. Every Rovin with Private Bath, Lounge, Bar and Hilliard Rooms. turivalled Cuisine onder the personal supervision of the proprietor. Terma moderate, Special terms to families on appli\n\nJ. T. OXBEREY, Proprietor. tion to:\n\nSTATION HOTEL,\n\nTel. Add: \"Termotel” KOWLOON. Code used a.B.C. 5th. First class aud most up-to-date Residential and Tourist Hotel. Two minutes' walk from Ferry. Moderate Larid and recst axel- lent cuisine auder entirely European tuanagement Monthly and Family rates can be arranged at mest reasonable terms.\n\nAPPLY THE MANAUERESS, Kowloon.\n\nTHE CARLTON HOTEL.\n\nUNDER ENTIRELY NEW MANAGEMENT. Splendidly Situated in the Heart of the European Secilon Convenient to the Ferry and to the Baalucss Centres.\n\nA First Class Besidential and Tourist Hotel with all the Convenienes of Homo. Large Airy Rooms. Hot and Cold Water.\n\nCuisine ander the Immediate Direction of the Proprietress Monthly and Family rates at moderate ternis.\n\nFor tartas upply to Mra M. BLAKE.\n\nTelephone No. C. 812,\n\nNu. 30, Lee House Street,\n\nASTOR HOUSE HOTEL.\n\nTelegraphic address \"ASTOR”\n\nTelephone Contra! 10,\n\n13. Queen's Road Central: A first clase Hotel centrally located, large and airy rODINE, completely renovated and refinished. New Ulzing Room\n\nuidine. Meals a la Carte. Excellent\n\nMouthly Tickets for Fists and Duners. Under entirely new Management,\n\nH. A. VAZ, Nanager.\n\nROGATE.\n\nTel Address \"Rogate\" Kowloon,\n\nTel. 851.\n\n158-160 Austin Read, Kuwloun. Newly furnished. Up-to-date Priests Hotel. Excellent Oni sine. Moderate Term.. tinder personal supervision of the Proprietres\n\n\"ALBANY.\"\n\nResidential Hotel, Nos. 3 & 4 The Albany. Overlooking the Botanical Gardens. Under personal supervision of the Proprietress. Telephone Central 615.\n\nMADAM ASA UTANI.\n\nJAVANESE MASSEUSE. FACE MASSAGE. MASSAGE\n\n25, Wellington Street:\n\nMASSAGE HALL.\n\nMRS. 3. UZUNOVE\n\nHapert Massgeule,\n\n37, Queen's Road Central,\n\nA similar notice has been issued\n\ntaamer West Faralun from Los 10 the port, that gaining most Angeles and Manila with 196 tas iredence being to the edest that by the Excilay Regulations feri of general and President McKinicy to impose a tax of 23,000 or be the authoriting stentsin in\n\nthe Cunninginner of Commerce is the port of Canton. from Manila with 12 tone of\n\nvessels discharging, while 41. general and 10 bags of all, the monopoly has her granted to theviation to that port and Chin- German vereis Piala on Hardessane for a large sum, the x-\n\n(wengizo under date August 12.\n\nJourg and Marilu with 365 tona of\n\nyoueral and six bags of mai, the out of which is not naked. Japanese reasol Osake Mary from\n\nNAVY LAUNCH BLAZE. TWO MEN SENT TO HOSPITAL.\n\nMuch of this stegnation is due Two American seemen, the en-!\n\nCalcutta and Singapore with 320 by the Autenor for Sagapore and tons of general, nails chectical President Kinley and Bevenue products, and 13 bags of mail, the for Shanghai. Chineze ucastor Chung Hing from Kwangeheuwan with 180 tone of the increasing difficulty ofgineer and the electrician of abippers in obtaining export per- U. S. 8. Beaver's speed launch, firewood, vegetables and poultry.\n\nmita for lee, the stonks of which whlen was destroyed by fire at! Departures\n\nin the Colony, are now belevet in the Army and Navy Club landing Departure were the Brish be below is reserve margin. at Maul are now in the Set- vessels Isaching for Amoy, Pru- Another contributing factor berg General Hosptial. The men tecilaus for Shanghai, Japanese appears to be the belfer sung the jare badly burved, according to a Towels Koren Mora for Keelung, Chinese generally that something navy officer interviewed at the Tsuruga Alara For Shanghai, drastic is about to happen either place of the fire.\n\nlein Maru for Tallar Bay and on one side or the other. The\n\nflames completely demolished Jajo Man for Swate, the Datel more credulone point to the con- the high power engine and burned auction dredger G.G. Ideoburg Jucant exercising of seaplanes the inside of the launch, causing (Netherlands Harbour Works) fox and the large number of warships Jamage estimated at $5.00). The Macao, Tisondari for Bhunghai, jad present in harbour, as evidence forigin of the fire le vakowa. the Gormer vernal Pfalz for that the British Government is it was extinguished half an hour, Shanghai, the Chinese coaster about to take action. No amount of Jafter it started.\n\nThe been aboard and the crew Kazura fur drony and the tallat explanation will disillusion them, moter vessel Eaquino for Shang- and thts toeling is permeating the of the launch Genecock I put hal. Clearances were taken out lantize native commercial fabric.\n\nTHE\n\ncut the blaze.\n\nHONGKONG & KHAMPOA DOGK CO., LTD.\n\nTELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS MANIFESTO\", HONGKONG; UndesUsed: A1, A.B.C. Film Edition: Engineering: Fire and Second Edition: Western Union and Watking, Banson's Marcom.\n\nDock Owners, Ship Builders, Marine and Land Engineers, Boiler Makers, Iron and Brass Founders, Forge Masters, Electricians.\n\nOIL TANK STEAMER \"PALUDINA.\"\n\n412, 0′ x 58′ 1′′ x 31′ 0′′ x 3,400 tons Lw. x 3,300 H..\n\nBuilt by THE HONGKONG & WHAMPOA DOCK CO, LTD., at KOWLOON DOCK\n\nso the ordero THE ANGLO SAXON PETROLEUM CO., IND.. being one of fusimilar\n\nVessels built in those WORKS to the same order.\n\nPlease address enquiries to the Chief Manager :-\n\nR. M. DYEE. B SC.. M.IN.A.. Kowloog Dock. Hongkong.\n\nFor Tenage Rates, Unzufbooka, Farizate, may apply że\n\nMACKINNON, MACKENZIE & Co., Alamur\n\nTHE BANK LINE, LTD,\n\nAgents for the following Services.\n\nAMERICAN & ORIENTAL LINE BOSTON, NEW YORK & NEW ORLEANS\n\n1st September.\n\nM.V. \"ELMBANK”-\n\nrta Suez Canai\n\nNEW YORK, BOSTON & BALTIMORE AMERICAN & MANCHURIAN LINE TELLERMAN & HUCKNALL BS. Co., Ltd.) 8,8. \"HALVERNIAN\" via Suez Canal 19th September. 3.S. \"WALTON HALL\"'\n\n7th Oe.ober\n\nUNITED KINGDOM & CONTINENT \"ELLERMAN\" LINE (EILERMAN & BUCKNALL S.S. CO. LTD.)\n\nSth September S.S. KNOWSLEY HALL\" For Marseilles, London, Dunkirk and Hamburg. MODERATE PASSAGE BATES TO MARSEILLES & LONDON\n\nMAURITIUS & SOUTH AFRICA ORIENTAL-AFRICAN LINE\n\nMiddle August.\n\nS.S. SURAT\" Leading for Maurities, Delagea Bay, Durham, East London, Alges Bay. Port Elizabeth, Mossel Bay & Capetown.\n\nThrough Bills of Lading lawned to Betra, Quilimaine, Lio, Port Amelia. Sezambique. Chlude, Iabambane, Zanzibar, Houmassa, Kindlat, Vezi Nellat. Luderitz Bay, Walvis Bay & Madagascar.\n\nAUSTRAL-EAST INDIES LINE. (Ellerman and Bucknall S.S. Co., Ltd.) Sallings from Singapore og 6th of every month by \"City of Palerma or \"Maistine\" to Java, Fremantle, Adelaide, Melbourne nad Sydney, and vice versa. Through Freight and Passenger doakings from flong- tong in conjunction with \"Elterman\" Lice or other services.\n\nFor freight or passage on any of the above lines apply to:-\n\nTel. C. 4791 THE BANK LINE, LTD.\n\nBOSTON, NEW YORK & BALTIMORE.\n\nJOINT SERVICE OF THE\n\n\"BLUE FUNNEL\" LINE. KOCHAN BS, CO, LTD & CHINA MUTUA), S.8. Co., LTD.\n\nAND\n\nAMERICAN & MANCHURIAN LINK.\n\nELLERMAN & BUCKNALL 8.S. CO. LT).\n\nBAILINGS FROM BONOKONG\n\nrie Suez Canal\n\n8.. \"Laomedon\"\n\n6.5. \"Peteus\n\n5.8. \"Haivurnjan\"\n\nB.S. Teneer'\n\n1\n\n26th Augast.\n\n7 September.\n\n19th September.\n\n28th September.\n\nSteamers proceed vis Huer Chant or Panama Cagni st owners' option\n\nSubject to Change without notice.\n\nFor freight and particulses apply to:- BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE, or THE BANK LINE. 19. Bangkang,\n\nHongkong & Canton Jardine Matheson & Co. Ltd.\n\nCat1 du\n\nCOMPANIA TRANSATLANTICA DE BARCELONA Spanish Royal Mail Line For MANILA, SINGAPORE COLOMBO, SUÈL. PORT Sam, BARCELONA & other SPANISH PORTS.\n\n3.8.0. LOPEZ I LOPEZ\"\n\n3.5. ISLA DE PANATU\n\n8.8, LESAZгI\"\n\nBAJ\n\n... for Yokosms, Koba, Koji & Shanghai.\n\nS.8. 187. DE PANAY”\n\n33. \"LEGAZPI\n\n... 3rd September. 2046 Votober.\n\n18th December,\n\n.. 8th Octobe\n\n2. Ja, 1986.\n\n30th Nov.\n\nThe manors of this Company are all eisused 200 41 at Lloyd'e and ar modern cottrenience for the enzufort and safety of sha\n\nEtte with wards and Doctor carrisé.\n\nO. D. BA'RRETTO, LA..\n\nFor freight andjur pannage apply to-\n\nCentral Avenue, B. C. CANTON.\n\nBOTELHO KROS.\n\nAvezzanīra Bailding.\n\nHangkang",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-489N - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    {
        "id": 507297,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-500-1 Canton situation- governor's despatches 18-5-1927 - 9-6-1927",
        "page_number": 28,
        "title": "CO129-500-1 Canton situation- governor's despatches 18-5-1927 - 9-6-1927",
        "content_text": "# The Canton Gazette \n## 報 F日 女英州廣 \n### ORGAN OF CHINESE NATIONAL OPINION \nOffice: 82, Wing Hon Road, Canton, China \n\n**SUBSCRIPTION RATES, EXCLUDING POSTAGE** \n10 cents per copy, $2 per month. 50% discount on above rates allowed to teachers and students \n\nPublished daily except Sunday and holidays \n\n**Monday, May 23, 1927** \n\n## THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. \n\nTHE CANTON GAZETTE, MONDAY, MAY 23, 1927 \n\n### NANKING, A TURNING POINT IN FAR EASTERN AND WORLD AFFAIRS \n\n(Continued from Page 1) \n\nWe shall evolve a new China. We have never manifested any imperialistic attitude toward China. \"I have said on several occasions that our forces are in Chinese waters and to do what China itself would do if peace prevailed. We do not wish to pursue any course of aggression against China.\n\n\"For myself, I experienced no anti-foreign feeling. For many of the Chinese gentlemen with whom I worked, I have only the highest admiration and respect, and an affectionate regard. No one can visit China and see the patient, frugal, peaceful Chinese farmers and coolies without having an admiration and sympathy for them. America is friendly to Great Britain, and should like to cooperate with the British in maintaining world peace, but we are, let us hope, not going to start a Chinese war to satisfy British prestige in India.\n\nThe present war now waging in the central part of China is a war between progressive Nationalists and reactionary militarists and NOT between the North and the South, as invariably described by foreign imperialists and running dogs of imperialists. China is one and inseparable. Moreover, there is no such thing as Northern militarists and Southern militarists. Militarists like Chang Tso-lin, Chang Tsung-chang, Sun Chuan-fang, Wu Pei-fu and others are merely militarists and must be gotten rid of. No matter from what part of China they come, they are militarists. Why should they be differentiated into Northern militarists and Southern militarists?\n\nPeking, April 26.- At 4 o'clock on Sunday afternoon the Five Powers convened to discuss the Nanking affair. It is learned that all have received instructions from their governments and indications are that the British, French, and Italian orders were of a strong nature. The Chinese press states that the American instructions were quite \"peaceful\" and \"calm\" while the Japanese was \"strong.\" As the attitude of the Five Powers are not identical, there was a potential discord in the British scheme for intervention.\n\nPraises Chinese Nationalism \n\n\"The attitude of the United States toward China is now and always has been helpful and sympathetic. We have no concessions in China and no empire in Asia staked on ability to coerce China. Some big oil interests are involved, but those could be bought off for less than any little war would cost.\n\n\"Britain has great influence here. Britain will do whatever she must to maintain her property and prestige in China,\" he declares, in part.\n\nAnd the toward China is now and always has been helpful and sympathetic. We have no concessions in China and of course, maintain the dignity of our Government and insist upon proper respect being extended to our authority but our actions will at all times be those of a friend solicitous for the well being of the Chinese people.\n\nAccording to the present diplomatic situation in China, Italy is a perfect follower of England and Japan shows us what should be done. Japan will protest against actions of the Chinese mobs, but use no force. That is the latest announcement. France will look on, and let Britain attend to China with the help of this country, if we are fools enough to create a serious quarrel.\n\n\"Three hundred million Asiatics ruled by Britain in India, are watching China and asking themselves: \"If 400,000,000 Asiatics can drive the British out of China, why can not we drive them out of India?\"\n\nThe American newspapers generally supported President Coolidge, his Secretary of State, Mr. Kellogg's stand in opposition to the intervention in China, one of the most significant editorial expressions on the subject being by the New York World, with an unfortunate country, torn by revolution and civil war.\n\nCorrect answers to these questions are found in facts. The most potent of all the foreign ministers in the capital. The Japanese minister, on the other hand, is merely the agent used here to carry out the orders of the Japanese Foreign Office. The American Minister is of the same type. Despite the fact that Mr. MacMurray, the American minister, was strong in his stand at former sessions, the President's remarks on this subject, which were delivered on the occasion of the annual dinner of the United Press in New York on April 25, follow:\n\n\"Our main difficulty here (in China) is the protection of the life and property of our citizens. Our citizens are being concentrated in cities which are coming in. We can protect them by taking them out of China. Then we shall leave China to the Chinese, as we keep America for Americans.\n\nThe people are fighting for their own political rights and justice which have been taken away from them by these vicious foreign imperialists and reactionary militarists. They are fighting for their territorial integrity and political independence. They are fighting for the realization of the noble and sublime principles and policies of the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the Founder of the Kuomintang and the revered Father of the Republic of China.\n\nThis being the purpose of the Revolutionary War, there is no differentiation as to localities. No matter what part of China one is from, if he is a real faithful member of the Kuomintang, a loyal and true follower of the late Dr. Sun, and practices the principles for which he stood, he is a Nationalist. We repeat: a person with these qualifications is a Nationalist. It matters not where or what part of China he is from. He may be from Peking, the very territory of the bandit warlord Chang Tso-lin; yet he is a Nationalist.\n\nForeign imperialists and all the reactionary running dogs of foreign imperialists use such terms to beset our revolutionary plans, to keep our country weak and in a divided condition for their own selfish exploitation and to create antagonism among our people of the various parts of our country. Such has been and still is the aim of foreign imperialists. Foreign imperialistic newspapers of Hongkong and elsewhere have always glibly and intentionally used the words \"War Between the North and the South\"; \"Northerners\"; \"Southerners\"; \"Cantonese\" and various other misleading terms. As far as the people are concerned, China is not any more divided than any other country. To use such grossly misleading terms is really a fantastic perversion of facts.\n\nThe present Revolutionary War is NOT a war between the North and the South, as foreign imperialists and others would glibly say and have us believe. It is really a war between progressive Nationalists and reactionary militarists. Hence it is absolutely and literally incorrect to say that it is a war between the North and the South.\n\n## Women's International League Sends Greetings \n\nApril 1927 \n\nThe Executive Committee of the Women's International League expresses its satisfaction that an agreement has been signed between Great Britain and the Kuomintang Government regarding Hankow and urges H.M. Government:- \n\n1. To continue conciliatory methods for a settlement of all points of difference, independently of other Powers \n2. To avoid any threats or provocative displays of force, and to withdraw all British troops from China at the earliest possible \n3. To observe strict neutrality in the civil war. \n\nIt further asks the League of Nations or a specially appointed Tribunal, before any demand is made concerning reparations or damages.\n\nSympathy For China \n\nAfter referring to the statement of the Secretary of State of January 27, and the proposal of this Government for excluding the International Settlement at Shanghai from the area of armed conflict, the Executive Committee and Branches of the Women's International League to be prepared directly, circumstances permit, to press for the negotiation of fresh treaties on lines consistent with the principles for which the W.I.L. stands.\n\nScores Propaganda \n\nAs a final chapter to the story of intervention, we reprint the following dispatch from Paris which was distributed to the local press by Reuters on Sunday, May 8: \n\n\"Are we going to spend more billions, kill more men, because Britain needs to beat China, to preserve her Asiatic prestige and Indian empire? \n\nThe British Government, it is said, urging this country to join in coercing China, \"finds our attitude disappointingly vague.\" Let's hope our attitude will become definite and take this form: \n\n\"No, thanks, we are not professional soldiers, because we have the usual propaganda stories of atrocities and remove them. It is solely for the propagandist's purpose that our warships and marines are in that territory. We presented with the stories with a barrel of salt. The other Powers come to us with identic notes by our Government.\"\n\nTo Put Restriction On Free Railway Tickets. \n\n(Continued from Page 1) \n\nIn accordance with the policy of encouraging railway finances, the Department of Civil Affairs has issued a notification yesterday to the effect that hereafter only the policemen on duty protecting the railway will be free of charge and only the Government officials on service with the Canton-Kowloon or Samsui Railway will pay their fares in full. All other government officials and military officers travelling either on the Canton-Kowloon or Samsui Railway will pay one half of the fares. \n\nPage 28 \nPage 3",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-500-1 Canton situation- governor's despatches 18-5-1927 - 9-6-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 515434,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-510-9 George Ludwig Rode- naturalisation 1-3-1928 - 4-6-1928",
        "page_number": 12,
        "title": "CO129-510-9 George Ludwig Rode- naturalisation 1-3-1928 - 4-6-1928",
        "content_text": "12\n\nEconomic &\n\nOverseas.\n\nE. & O. 2345/28.\n\n \n\nSir,\n\nINDIA OFFICE,\n\nWHITEHALL.\n\nLONDON. S.W.1.\n\n18 April 1928\n\nI am directed by the Secretary of State for India to\n\nrefer to the letter from this Office of 29th March 1928,\n\nE. & O. 1835/28, regarding the application of Mr. G.L.Rode,\n\na Norwegian subject, for a certificate of naturalization\n\nunder the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act.\n\nCopy is enclosed of a letter from the Colonial Office\n\nregarding the statement that Mr. Rode had previously applied\n\nfor a certificate of naturalization in Hong Kong.\n\nPending the report which may be expected from the Governor\n\nof Hong Kong, the Earl of Birkenhead would be glad to receive\n\nthe observations of Secretary Sir William Joynson-Hicks on the\n\nquestions raised in the Government of India's letter of 1st March\n\n1928 as to the interpretation of Section 2 of the Act.\n\nHe observes that it is stated in paragraph 6 of Chapter XXV of\n\nthe Consular Instructions that foreign seamen are allowed\n\nto count towards making up the qualifying periods of residence periods of service in British ships sailing to or from ports in\n\nthe British dominions. If the periods of Mr. Rode's service on\n\nBritish ships can be regarded as part of the requisite qualifying period, it would appear that his application should\n\nbe dealt with under section 2 rather than under section 8 of\n\nthe Act, on the assumption that the vessels on which he has served are registered in the United Kingdom, since he would not appear to have resided on shore in British India for a year\n\npreceding his application.\n\nI am, Sir,\n\nYour obedient Servant,\n\n(sd) E. J.TURNER.\n\nSecretary,\n\nEconomic and Overseas Department.\n\nThe Under Secretary of State,\n\nHome Office.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-510-9 George Ludwig Rode- naturalisation 1-3-1928 - 4-6-1928.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 521487,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-520-8 Memorandum on use of Opium 1-11-1929 - 30-11-1929",
        "page_number": 15,
        "title": "CO129-520-8 Memorandum on use of Opium 1-11-1929 - 30-11-1929",
        "content_text": "19\n\nEND\n\nTransit\n\n10\n\nIn ships opium has been found in every hollow space from the ladies' bathrooms to the Captain's cabin and from the crow's nest to the bilges. It has in fact been found useless to embark on the search of a large ship unless definite information is forthcoming as to the precise whereabouts of the contraband, and in view of the impossibility of opening all the packages on board a ship any search of cargo is likely to be abortive unless particulars of the suspect packages are known.\n\n9. The difficulties met with in combating smuggling into the Colony are, if possible, increased when the attempt is made to prevent smuggling through the Colony.\n\nImpossibility of more rigorous searches or increase of penalties.\n\nIt is a manifest impossibility to search all ships and examine all cargo passing through the Colony and here therefore our excise service is more than ever dependent on the receipt of definite and accurate information as to consignments.\n\nIn 1928 only three seizures were made of opium in transit to the south and one of opium in transit to the United States of America.\n\n10. The Chinese community has from time to time protested against the rigorous search to which incoming passengers and their luggage are subjected and the methods of search could not be made more efficacious without evoking a storm of protest.\n\nA more rigorous search of shipping would likewise cause profound discontent among the shipping community and result in the withdrawal of such support as is now given to the suppression of the traffic.\n\nThe Government feels that the penalties for trafficking in and use of illicit opium are already sufficiently drastic and that any increase of the penalties would merely encourage offenders to out-bid the offers of rewards by the amounts of the bribes which they would offer for immunity from prosecution.\n\nPart IV.\n\nTHE DIFFICULTIES CAUSED IN THE FULFILMENT OF THE OBLIGATIONS UNDERTAKEN IN CHAPTER II OF THE HAGUE OPIUM CONVENTION OF 1912 AND IN THE GENEVA OPIUM AGREEMENT OF FEBRUARY, 1925.\n\nAs will be seen from Part II of this Memorandum the Government of Hong Kong has taken all possible measures to give effect to the obligations undertaken, and the failure to achieve the total suppression of the use of and traffic in opium must be attributed to the difficulties foreseen in Article II of the Protocol to the Geneva Agreement coupled with the difficulty of eradicating an established habit amongst a fluctuating community inhabiting territory which is particularly susceptible to the operations of dealers in contraband.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-520-8 Memorandum on use of Opium 1-11-1929 - 30-11-1929.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 528265,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-531-10 Hong Kong University- encouragement of Chinese students to counteract American influence 30-5-1931 - 1-9-1931",
        "page_number": 222,
        "title": "CO129-531-10 Hong Kong University- encouragement of Chinese students to counteract American influence 30-5-1931 - 1-9-1931",
        "content_text": "## CHAPTER X.\n\n### PROMOTION OF BRITISH EXPORT TRADE.\n\n#### TRADE COMMISSIONERS.\n\n237. That our factories should be fully and profitably employed, necessitates the production by them of goods saleable in the world's markets. To secure this, more knowledge is essential than British industry now possesses, and this knowledge must be based on expert investigation. An essential to success is that British industry should be sufficiently flexible to adapt its production to the world's needs of to-day and to-morrow rather than adhere to fashions and qualities the world has outgrown and, indeed, is unwilling and often unable to purchase. It might prove difficult for industry alone to undertake the cost of the pioneer work and investigation which are necessary for the attainment of a larger share of world trade. It is here that the State should, and can, perform a function additional to that recommended in the next paragraph to be performed by industry itself. The Department of Overseas Trade has within the limits of its home and overseas staffs performed an excellent service to British industry, but its activities have been far too restricted as compared, for instance, with the generous provision made for their overseas trade and intelligence services by the United States and Canada.\n\n238. Commercial Diplomatic Officers in foreign countries render valuable assistance to British export trade both by the advice they give on economic questions to the Ambassadors or Ministers of whose staff they are members, and by the help they give directly to British firms.\n\nThe amount of work which they can perform, however, is naturally limited. So much time and energy is absorbed by answering specific enquiries by British firms, furnishing reports on market possibilities, and studying the larger economic problems of their countries that they are not always able to give as much time to maintaining those personal contacts with the local business community as the needs of British trade require or as they would desire. This side of their activities we consider to be of great importance and urge that such assistance be given them as will enable them to devote more time to it. Further, they cannot be expected to be experts in all the various branches of trade with which they have to deal. At the present crisis in our export trade, the markets for specific industries require prompt and special investigation. We therefore recommend that H.M. Government should urgently consider the appointment of specialists or experts, selected with the aid of industry itself, in those countries which are undeveloped or in which British trade shows the greatest decline. The members of this service, who would not be established Civil Servants, should have complete freedom of action, but they should report to industry through the Department of Overseas Trade. The value of this new service would depend mainly on the quality, ability and aggressiveness of the men engaged in it, and only first-class men should therefore be selected. If first-class men are to be obtained, adequate remuneration must be given, for in this class of work one good man is worth more than any number of mediocrities.\n\n112 \n\ninterests in their alleged efforts to aid would load her further with this commodity. Such loading would undoubtedly give a momentary fillip to silver prices, and bring relief and joy to silver producing groups, but has neither virtue nor merit in solving China's currency problem. There is no lack of silver in China. The lack is one of stability in its value.\n\nSuggestions have been made that the money powers of the world should call a conference with a view to the stabilisation of silver at a fixed and definite ratio to gold, and this suggestion should receive the most serious consideration of those nations which trade with China and those which produce or have silver.\n\n235. The Governor of the Bank of China is in touch with the International Chamber of Commerce. He has called the International Chamber's attention to the serious handicap imposed on China's external trade by the continued depreciation of silver, and has stated that the plans for the consolidation of Chinese foreign debts have been considerably disturbed thereby. He asks for an early international conference to consider the question. The response to this request has been favourable, and as a preliminary the Executive Committees of the International Chamber of Commerce adopted a resolution calling on all National Committees and members to urge their Governments to take the silver problem into their early consideration in consultation with other Governments, including the Chinese Government.\n\n236. Great Britain has so large an interest in China's trade that we trust she may be among the foremost to take action with a view to ascertaining what can be done by international agreement to raise the value of silver. We should be among the first to endeavour to arrive at an international understanding for re-establishing silver as a standard basis of credit. The flow of gold to America and France, and the sales of silver by India are all factors in a serious situation. The probable shortage of gold in the near future and the over-production of silver at the present time have raised issues that cannot be ignored. There would appear to be no relief from present world conditions unless and until the fundamental matter of currency receives consideration. Upon some solution of this problem hangs the future of international commerce.\n\n302 \n\n113 \n\n304 is not present in the original text, however 303 is present. Therefore the correct output is \n\n## CHAPTER X.\n\n### PROMOTION OF BRITISH EXPORT TRADE.\n\n#### TRADE COMMISSIONERS.\n\n237. That our factories should be fully and profitably employed, necessitates the production by them of goods saleable in the world's markets. To secure this, more knowledge is essential than British industry now possesses, and this knowledge must be based on expert investigation. An essential to success is that British industry should be sufficiently flexible to adapt its production to the world's needs of to-day and to-morrow rather than adhere to fashions and qualities the world has outgrown and, indeed, is unwilling and often unable to purchase. It might prove difficult for industry alone to undertake the cost of the pioneer work and investigation which are necessary for the attainment of a larger share of world trade. It is here that the State should, and can, perform a function additional to that recommended in the next paragraph to be performed by industry itself. The Department of Overseas Trade has within the limits of its home and overseas staffs performed an excellent service to British industry, but its activities have been far too restricted as compared, for instance, with the generous provision made for their overseas trade and intelligence services by the United States and Canada.\n\n238. Commercial Diplomatic Officers in foreign countries render valuable assistance to British export trade both by the advice they give on economic questions to the Ambassadors or Ministers of whose staff they are members, and by the help they give directly to British firms.\n\nThe amount of work which they can perform, however, is naturally limited. So much time and energy is absorbed by answering specific enquiries by British firms, furnishing reports on market possibilities, and studying the larger economic problems of their countries that they are not always able to give as much time to maintaining those personal contacts with the local business community as the needs of British trade require or as they would desire. This side of their activities we consider to be of great importance and urge that such assistance be given them as will enable them to devote more time to it. Further, they cannot be expected to be experts in all the various branches of trade with which they have to deal. At the present crisis in our export trade, the markets for specific industries require prompt and special investigation. We therefore recommend that H.M. Government should urgently consider the appointment of specialists or experts, selected with the aid of industry itself, in those countries which are undeveloped or in which British trade shows the greatest decline. The members of this service, who would not be established Civil Servants, should have complete freedom of action, but they should report to industry through the Department of Overseas Trade. The value of this new service would depend mainly on the quality, ability and aggressiveness of the men engaged in it, and only first-class men should therefore be selected. If first-class men are to be obtained, adequate remuneration must be given, for in this class of work one good man is worth more than any number of mediocrities.\n\n112 \ninterests in their alleged efforts to aid would load her further with this commodity. Such loading would undoubtedly give a momentary fillip to silver prices, and bring relief and joy to silver producing groups, but has neither virtue nor merit in solving China's currency problem. There is no lack of silver in China. The lack is one of stability in its value.\n\nSuggestions have been made that the money powers of the world should call a conference with a view to the stabilisation of silver at a fixed and definite ratio to gold, and this suggestion should receive the most serious consideration of those nations which trade with China and those which produce or have silver.\n\n235. The Governor of the Bank of China is in touch with the International Chamber of Commerce. He has called the International Chamber's attention to the serious handicap imposed on China's external trade by the continued depreciation of silver, and has stated that the plans for the consolidation of Chinese foreign debts have been considerably disturbed thereby. He asks for an early international conference to consider the question. The response to this request has been favourable, and as a preliminary the Executive Committees of the International Chamber of Commerce adopted a resolution calling on all National Committees and members to urge their Governments to take the silver problem into their early consideration in consultation with other Governments, including the Chinese Government.\n\n236. Great Britain has so large an interest in China's trade that we trust she may be among the foremost to take action with a view to ascertaining what can be done by international agreement to raise the value of silver. We should be among the first to endeavour to arrive at an international understanding for re-establishing silver as a standard basis of credit. The flow of gold to America and France, and the sales of silver by India are all factors in a serious situation. The probable shortage of gold in the near future and the over-production of silver at the present time have raised issues that cannot be ignored. There would appear to be no relief from present world conditions unless and until the fundamental matter of currency receives consideration. Upon some solution of this problem hangs the future of international commerce.\n\n302 \n113 \n303",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-531-10 Hong Kong University- encouragement of Chinese students to counteract American influence 30-5-1931 - 1-9-1931.txt",
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        "id": 528272,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-531-10 Hong Kong University- encouragement of Chinese students to counteract American influence 30-5-1931 - 1-9-1931",
        "page_number": 229,
        "title": "CO129-531-10 Hong Kong University- encouragement of Chinese students to counteract American influence 30-5-1931 - 1-9-1931",
        "content_text": "# 316 \n\n## 296. \nUnless the British wool textile industry is placed on a level with its competitors, particularly its European competitors, our trade with China, in cloth, at least, will continue to diminish and may in course of time become relatively negligible.\n\n## THE NEW CHINESE TARIFF\n297. The new Chinese tariff which came into operation on 1st January, 1931, contains 647 items, for about one-third of which specific duties are provided, the remaining duties being levied on an ad valorem basis at rates varying from 5 per cent. to 50 per cent. The specific duties being expressed in gold but payable in silver, the result is an increase in the burden of the duties on the importer with each fall in the value of silver.\n\n## 298. \nA comparison of the old and new tariffs makes it clear that the main object of the revision has been to secure a substantial increase of revenue, there being - with certain important exceptions - an all-round advance in the scale of duties with much heavier rates on certain articles, more especially on those regarded as coming under the description \"luxuries\". For the first time there are indications of the intention of the Chinese Government to use the tariff as a means of protecting native industries. The Chapter in our report relating to the new Chinese Tariff (Chapter VII) deals with the effect of the changes in the tariff on the more important classes of imports. On the whole, with the possible exception of duties affecting woollen goods and artificial silk, the main lines of British trade with China are not severely threatened by the higher rates imposed. Indirectly, however, British trade is penalised since the extra cost resulting from the increased duties will further accentuate the demand in China for cheapness rather than quality. The net result of the new tariff will be a tendency to restrict imports and encourage the establishment of certain industries in China.\n\n## CULTURAL RELATIONS WITH CHINA\n299. We desire to draw attention to the undoubted benefits which the trade of the United States derives from the fact that many of those in responsible positions in China have been educated in American universities and are strongly American in sentiment. This result appears to be due to a deliberate policy of the United States Government which, in 1928, remitted nearly 12 million dollars of its share of the 1900 Indemnity, this money and a later remission of over 6 million dollars being used in assisting the education of Chinese students destined to proceed to America, and in educational and cultural activities in China. While we understand that it is the intention of Great Britain to devote part of her remaining share of the 1900 Indemnity to educational purposes in China, it cannot be denied that the cultural and educational activities of the United States in China have already given her a big advantage over Great Britain, particularly in engineering and other technical education. We feel that it is a matter of most urgent necessity that a more intimate cultural relationship should be promoted between China and Great Britain, for the purpose of attracting Chinese students to British universities and workshops. We recommend that this matter should be considered at a conference to be summoned at an early date by the Department of Overseas Trade, at which the British Universities and business men interested in the China trade should be represented.\n\n## FINANCE\n300. During the course of our visit to Japan, a number of complaints were made as to the alleged inadequacy of British finance to meet the needs of the Japanese market. The nature of these complaints is outlined in our Report, and in view of the importance of securing that British export trade to the Far East is placed on at least as favourable a footing as the export trade of our competitors, we recommend that the Department of Overseas Trade should call a conference at an early date at which British bankers, industrialists, exporters, and merchant houses interested in the Far Eastern market should be represented, for the purpose of enquiring into the complaints made and deciding what action, if any, should be taken.\n\n301. As regards China, the problem of credits relates principally to long term credits for orders for machinery and equipment. Cases have been brought to our notice where contracts have been lost to Great Britain because credit has not been forthcoming. We recommend that the conference suggested above should consider the question of the provision of long term credits for exports of machinery and equipment to China. It is clear that the Chinese Government and the Chinese nation have set their faces towards a policy of industrialising China. In this development British capital should play its part and no restraint should be placed upon it.\n\n302. The continued depreciation of the value of silver has enormously reduced the purchasing power of China, and if it continues will hasten the growth of industries in China, the manufactures of which will compete with imported products from Great Britain. Reduction in the value of silver also increases the difficulties of China in meeting interest on foreign loans, and so compels her to raise further revenue by increasing import duties. If the depreciation of silver were to affect the foreign loan service, much damage would be inflicted on British interests.\n\n303. In our opinion, every means should be sought of bringing about the stabilisation of silver and so of restoring to China her full purchasing power. Only by international agreement can this result be attained, and we feel that Great Britain should take a leading part in endeavouring to secure such agreement.\n\n# 317",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-532-7 Anti-piracy guards- China Navigation Company v. H.M. Attorney General 19-1-1931 - 20-4-1932",
        "page_number": 29,
        "title": "CO129-532-7 Anti-piracy guards- China Navigation Company v. H.M. Attorney General 19-1-1931 - 20-4-1932",
        "content_text": "## 29\n\nSir Leslie Scott, confronted with the declaratory words of the Act of Charles II., sought to confine them to Forces by sea and land existing at the time of the passing of that Act. He argued that in effect there were at that time no Forces by sea and land other than the Militia itself. It is true that an Act of the previous year (12 Charles II., chapter 15) had provided for the speedy disbanding of the Army, but it appears that this disbanding had not been completed at the time when the Act 13 Charles II., chapter 6, was passed, for there are several later Statutes of the Reign of Charles II dealing with the remnants of the then Army. (See Clode **Military Forces of the Crown**, Appendix 1). But, in any event, whether there were or were not at that time any Forces by sea or land on which the Statute could operate, other than the Militia, it is clear from the language of the Statute, which is a declaration of the existing prerogative, that the prerogative of command of the Forces by sea or land has always been vested in the Crown, that it would equally apply in the absence of express statutory provision to any Forces thereafter lawfully to be raised.\n\nThe language of the Statute which I next consider is the first Mutiny Act, 1 William & Mary, chapter 5. That Act, which contained provision for punishing officers and soldiers who should mutiny or desert their Majesties' service, was to continue until November 1689, and it is significant that that Act contains no provision for amending or repealing the Act of Charles II. which had declared the prerogative.\n\nIn 1689 was passed the Act generally known as the Bill of Rights, 1 William & Mary, Session 2, chapter 2, which recites that the late King James II. \"did endeavour to subvert and extirpate the Protestant religion, and the laws and liberty of this Kingdom by raising and keeping a standing army within this Kingdom in time of peace without consent of Parliament\", and declares, among other matters, that the raising or keeping of a standing army within the Kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law. This was by Chapter 2. By Chapter 4 of the same Session was enacted the second Mutiny Act. The position, therefore, in 1689 was this: A standing army was illegal without the consent of Parliament, but once Parliament had given its consent, the standing army became legal; there is no indication in the Statutes that the prerogative of the King with regard to the government or command of such a legalised standing army was in any way impaired.\n\nIt is not necessary, in my opinion, to consider in detail the subsequent Acts which continued annually to legalise the Army. The earlier Acts did not specify the number of troops to be raised. This was not done until the Mutiny Act of 1714, and in 1715 power was given to the Crown to draw up articles of war for the discipline of troops in the United Kingdom. But such articles of war which continue to have statutory authority (see the Army Act 1881, Section 69) are to be distinguished from the King's Regulations which, with certain exceptions, continue to have force apart from the authority of Statute. Articles of war are said by Section 69 of the Army Act 1881 to be for the better government of officers and soldiers, and statutory power is given by Section 71 of the same Act to make regulations as to persons to be invested as officers. These regulations now appear among the King's Regulations, but the remainder of the Regulations have no statutory authority but are made by virtue of the prerogative.\n\n## 18",
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        "id": 534053,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-539-4 Mui Tsai system 28-6-1932 - 28-11-1932",
        "page_number": 71,
        "title": "CO129-539-4 Mui Tsai system 28-6-1932 - 28-11-1932",
        "content_text": "89\n\n14\n\nB. Suggestions.\n\n34. The abolition of the status of slavery in law and in fact in the countries to which slaves are at present sent, as recommended in Chapter I of this report, would in itself, by putting an end to the demand, ensure the disappearance of the slave trade.\n\n35. Until this end is achieved, it is to be hoped that the Powers exercising rights of sovereignty over African territories along the Red Sea and Indian Ocean will persist in their efforts to prevent the importation of slaves or the sale of free persons as slaves in Africa.\n\nIn this connection, the Committee can only express the hope that the happy collaboration which formerly prevailed between these Powers, including Egypt, will be maintained and, if necessary, strengthened. It is of the utmost importance that there should be no link lacking in the chain of supervision with which Arabia was formerly surrounded by agreement of the Powers to prevent the traffic in slaves to or in this part of the world.\n\n36. All these Powers should, in particular, consider the possibility of inducing natives not to leave the territory to which they belong, unless they are provided by the authority of the country in question with a personal passport containing a precise description of their identity. A system of checking their passports so as to verify the return of their holders seems also desirable.\n\n37. These Powers should, at all events, if they have not already done so, provide for severe penalties against the captains or other masters of vessels who are found attempting to leave or who have left any point on the coast other than one of the places specified, without having received a permit to leave. Similar penalties should be inflicted on the captains or other masters of vessels who take on board any person not provided with a passport issued by, or stamped with the visa of, the authority of the port of embarkation, after satisfying themselves that the person in question is really a pilgrim.\n\n38. As regards supervision over vessels at sea or off the coast of Arabia or the Persian Gulf, it should be noted that Article 3 of the 1926 Convention provides for the conclusion, between all the signatory States, or between certain of them, of Conventions designed to promote the disappearance of the slave trade. It is highly desirable that such Conventions should be concluded with as little delay as possible, and particularly that the special agreements provided for in that article should be concluded as soon as possible between the United Kingdom, Egypt, France and Italy, with a view to co-ordinating their efforts for the suppression of this evil.\n\nThe Committee has been concerned to ascertain whether warships could search vessels suspected of transporting slaves which sail under no flag or under a flag not recognised by the Powers concerned, and seize them if necessary. It is in the case of these vessels above all that the slave traffic by sea is to be feared, and it is against them therefore that severe action should be taken.\n\nThe Committee is not competent to discuss this delicate question, but expresses the earnest hope that it will be studied, and that the Powers will agree to put an end once for all to abuses which constitute so grave a violation of the rights of humanity.\n\nIn any case, it would seem that the Powers should undertake to proclaim severe penalties of a uniform character against the offence of maritime slave-trading when the vessel concerned carries their own flag.\n\nThe Powers might further accord to each other the right to pursue vessels suspected of maritime slave-trading into each other's territorial waters in the region of the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf off the coast of Arabia, provided always that the guilty persons are handed over for trial to the authorities of the country in whose waters the vessels are seized.\n\n39. All Powers whose inhabitants contribute contingents to the pilgrimages to the holy places should further consider the possibility of adopting the measures taken by some Governments in the Far East or by France, as mentioned in paragraph 31 above.\n\n40. In every case, it is essential that, when a slave who is destined for sale or who has been sold in Arabia is freed, an exhaustive enquiry should be instituted and the results communicated if necessary to the Government of the slave's country of origin, in order to discover the person responsible for the act of slave-trading and the ways and means employed by them. Apart from the punishment of the culprits, such investigations are calculated to furnish useful information for the prevention by the administration of further acts of this nature.\n\n41. The 1925 report suggested the establishment on the western coast of the Red Sea, under the supervision of a local government, of a central depot, public or private, to which freed slaves would be sent in the first place, and from there forwarded to their country of origin.\n\nThe expediency of such a measure was contested in the Committee on the ground that the number of freed slaves sent back to Africa by the diplomatic or consular agents at Jeddah would be very small, while it would rarely happen that the nationality of the slaves could not be determined by the authorities of the port of disembarkation in African territory. The responsibility for sheltering those who, to the knowledge of the authorities of the port of disembarkation, are nationals of another Power would, moreover, be of short duration, as communications between the British, Egyptian, French, Netherlands and Italian authorities are frequent.\n\nHowever, owing to their inability to give any information, freed slaves often remain for weeks in the ports, and the authorities have the greatest difficulty in disposing of them at all.\n\nFailing statistics concerning the number of slaves freed at Jeddah and sent back to the African continent, the Committee is unable to express an opinion as to the expediency of the measures suggested by the Temporary Commission. It appears, however, from the documents that, since the Convention of 1926, 159 slaves were freed by the British Legation at Jeddah and sent to Port Sudan, where arrangements were made to give them satisfactory temporary shelter. It would perhaps be sufficient if the Powers in control of territories from which the slaves who have been freed originate would undertake to refund to whatever Power has sheltered and repatriated the individuals in question the costs of their upkeep and of sending them back to their country of origin, in order that they might be assured of the same benefits as would result from the establishment of a central depot. In the case of slaves who are natives of Abyssinia, the Abyssinian Government should in addition undertake to guarantee their freedom.\n\nIn the case of freed slaves whose country of origin cannot be determined, the authorities of the territory in which they have been disembarked will probably not refuse to assist them in settling for good in that territory. The same would apply to any slaves who do not wish to return to their country of origin.\n\n42. In any case, the Committee shares the opinion of the 1924 Temporary Commission that it is desirable that any information which can be obtained regarding the origin of freed slaves and their transport by sea or land should be centralised as proposed in paragraphs 72 and 75 of the present report.\n\nCHAPTER IV.\n\n- Slave-Dealing (INCLUDING TRANSFER BY EXCHANGE, Sale, Gift, Inheritance, OR OCCASIONAL SALE OF PERSONS PREVIOUSLY FREE).\n\nA. Survey of the Situation.\n\n43. The 1925 report of the Temporary Commission noted that these practices had practically disappeared in countries which had abolished the status of slavery. Since then, the situation has improved still further, as may be seen from paragraphs 2 to 6 of the report. Moreover, the civilising influence of the Governments on peoples among whom slavery still existed has made marked progress during the last few years.\n\n44. While Abyssinia, as mentioned above, has not abolished the status of slavery, she has, by an Edict of March 31st, 1924, prohibited, on pain of judicial penalties, the transfer of slaves with or without payment, and accorded the right to be set free to any persons so transferred.\n\nAmong the many contingencies in which this edict gives slaves the right to manumission is the case of the death of their master. The 1924 Edict provided, however, that they should be bound to serve the heirs of the deceased for seven years as from the day of death. The Edict of July 15th, 1931, has done away with this latter obligation; and the 1924 Edict itself accorded the right to freedom on the day of the owner's death in the case of slaves captured before that edict. The Committee has no information regarding the application of these provisions.\n\n45. While in Africa, by reason partly of the fact of the cessation of famines and partly of the improvement in the economic situation of the native peoples, parents no longer need to have recourse to the sale of their children in order to provide them with the means of subsistence, is it the same in China?\n\nOn this point, the material supplied or forwarded to the Committee has not enabled the latter to ascertain the exact situation. While it is certain that a large number of children, especially females - who, if they are not really adopted, are known as Mui Tsai - are placed by their parents with other persons, generally in return for a money payment to the parents and the obligation to support the child, the nature of the contract and the rights which it confers on the person with whom the children are placed are not very clear. Some regard it as a real sale of the child. The lot of such children, they add, is particularly wretched, since apart from being neglected and overworked, which alone entails the cruellest bodily suffering, they are often, it would appear, victims of the depraved instincts of their employers, or of persons with whom the latter bring them into contact, and sometimes also of acts of revolting cruelty.\n\nAlthough the information to hand is to the effect that there is no ill-treatment of the numerous \"Mui Tsai\" at Hong-Kong at any rate as a general practice on the part of the well-to-do Chinese population of Hong-Kong in whose service they are, the Government of Hong-Kong in February 1929 enacted an ordinance which prohibits the engagement of female servants for the use of whose services payment has been made to another person and likewise the employment as a paid servant of any person of the female sex under ten years of age. As regards contracts concluded previously, the order, inter alia, accords \"Mui Tsai\" the right to return, should they wish, to their parents, without the latter being obliged to refund the sum paid by the person to whom the \"Mui Tsai\" was entrusted. There are other provisions designed to ensure the good treatment of \"Mui Tsai\" during their period of service.\n\nAs regards China, these assertions, to the effect that a \"Mui Tsai\" is a female child who has been sold and who is as a rule ill-treated, were contested by the Chinese delegate in the Sixth Committee of the League Assembly in September 1931. This distinguished authority stated:\n\n\"Traffic in children does not exist in China, and indeed could not exist there in view of the Chinese traditions of filial piety and the well-known readiness of Chinese mothers to adopt other children in cases of disaster\".\n\nC\n\n15\n\nL",
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    {
        "id": 548976,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-554-5 Commission of Enquiry into the Hong Kong trade depression- correspondence and report 27-3-1935 - 11-8-1935",
        "page_number": 51,
        "title": "CO129-554-5 Commission of Enquiry into the Hong Kong trade depression- correspondence and report 27-3-1935 - 11-8-1935",
        "content_text": "42\n\nUndesirable, however, as its fluctuation on this account may be, any artificial measures aiming at \"pegging\" it or severing its relationship with other world commodities would be even more disastrous. Silver's rise and fall in the past has inexorably followed the rise and fall of other commodities, and has therefore greatly facilitated the world's trade with the silver-using countries. The belief which appears to obtain in America that under any circumstances a high exchange must increase China's purchasing power is a fallacy. To accomplish that admittedly desirable object, high exchange must be accompanied by an equivalent high world commodity price level, otherwise China's products are too dear for the rest of the world to buy; she cannot export, and if she cannot export she cannot import however high the purchasing power of her currency. Therefore, while violent fluctuation due to speculation is the overseas merchant's bugbear, moderate fluctuation in accordance with legitimate trade requirements is desirable. The time may not be ripe for international action in regard to the world's exchanges, but when it is, we can only hope that the problem of silver will be disposed of with wisdom and foresight. So much depends upon this in the Far East, that one cannot but view with misgiving the many factors of minor importance operating in America to-day tending to confuse the issue.\n\n7. So far from being unwilling to finance trade and industry, certain of the local native Banks lend money too freely on property on insufficient margin albeit at high rates of interest. This practice tends to make credit too readily obtainable. The capital thus acquired is often mortgaged again to the full and an unstable structure of credit results, which is susceptible to any set-back however small, and which renders a financial collapse inevitable when a major depression occurs. It may not be practicable to legislate against this danger, but any step tending to the adoption of sounder banking methods would increase the Colony's stability.\n\n8. Another matter of Finance we view with some misgiving is the recent establishment of \"Savings Banks\". This class of institution should always be kept in a fairly liquid state so as to be in a position readily to meet withdrawals of depositors who, though small in wealth, are great in numbers. It seems to us that Government should pass some regulations governing the class of investments in which \"Savings Banks\" may place spare funds and make a percentage limit, which may not be exceeded, for fixed loans or mortgages. Savings Bank depositors are usually people of small means and if there should be a failure of one of these institutions the loss and misery caused would be widespread.\n\nChapter XII.\n\n43\n\n4. In order to be of economic value, air lines must follow and be ancillary to established trade routes because on these are the great trade centres through which the life blood of the world pulses. Hong Kong, being the fifth largest port in the world and a great intermediate trading station has all the facilities and all the advantages to render desirable its development as an air port linking China with the near East and Europe on the one hand and Manila, America and Australia on the other. Already aviation has developed sufficiently to make this mechanically possible and all that is needed to make it an accomplished fact is enterprise and goodwill. In view of the immense advantages to be gained by all concerned from the facility of world-wide rapid communication we are of the opinion that a vigorous attempt to co-ordinate the various interests which would gain by this air-link should be made and that the goodwill necessary for co-operation and the security for enterprise on an economic basis will be forthcoming.\n\n5. It is natural and right that we should first consider Hong Kong as a Port for British air lines, but as with shipping in the past, so with aviation in the future, and we consider that having secured reasonable British participation Hong Kong must maintain an open port and welcome the aviation interests and air lines of all countries.\n\n6. We must envisage a very definite growth in air-traffic and air-mindedness. With established air routes it will be much easier for business men and others to pay short visits to the Far East. The more wealthy classes of tourists and holiday makers may well be induced to visit Hong Kong and China if they can do so without the need of a long sea journey. The primary reason for through air traffic must, however, be the carriage of mails. We are aware that even though the air-mail to Europe only commences at Singapore the traffic from and to Hong Kong by that route is steadily increasing. With an air connection through to Hong Kong we are confident that there would be a tremendous increase in air-mail traffic. A further consideration is that the definite establishment of Hong Kong as an air-port would, apart from affording increased facilities to Hong Kong and China, tend to create a new business and a new industry which may, to an increasing extent, replace waning business in other directions.\n\n7. With regard to Air Mail we were informed that in spite of the depression there has been a steady increase in the use of the Air Mail services from Hong Kong to Europe as follows:-\n\n1932. August to December\n\n1933. January to December\n\n1934. January to June\n\n8,618 letters\n\n81,635\n\n17,864\n\nAVIATION.\n\n1. Aviation has developed rapidly in the last few years and, as will be seen from the Report on the Progress of Civil Aviation, 1933, recently published by H.M. Stationery Office, the British Empire has not lagged behind in this respect. China is also becoming air-minded, and in such a country with vast spaces having no road or rail communication the gradual establishment of air routes will be a logical development.\n\n2. So far, however, China is not linked up with the rest of the world by air and this, in our opinion, is a matter which should occupy the serious attention of that country to which through air communication will be of great value, and of the British whose Far Eastern route extends as far as Singapore and thence continues to Australia.\n\n3. It appears to us that this new means of rapid communication which will have a greatly increasing commercial value should now receive from Hong Kong the same careful consideration as has been given to its position as a great port of ocean shipment.\n\n8. The increase in 1934 was about 10 per cent and the Air Mail letters sent were 2.46 per cent of steamers' letters. We were informed that it was generally estimated that to operate an Air Mail service 5 per cent to 10 per cent of the postal matter should pay air premiums. It must be remembered, however, that the premium on letters from Hong Kong to Europe is heavy and that, owing to lack of direct air communication the saving in time is at present not very great. In view of the fact that a direct Air Mail from Hong Kong to London would probably take no more than seven or eight days we are of the opinion that it would well pay the business man to use such service and that a great increase could therefore be expected.\n\n9. The subject having been exhaustively discussed we finally express our opinion that no time should be lost by the authorities in conjunction with British air interests in connecting Hong Kong by air to the air routes already established. We realise that the matter has already received the attention of both the Hong Kong Government and the United Kingdom authorities and that there are a number of difficulties in the way. We feel, however, that the advantages to all concerned are so considerable that a vigorous attempt to co-ordinate all interests will not meet with failure.\n\n57",
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        "title": "CO129-554-5 Commission of Enquiry into the Hong Kong trade depression- correspondence and report 27-3-1935 - 11-8-1935",
        "content_text": "42\n\n—\n\nUndesirable, however, as its fluctuation on this account may be, any artificial measures aiming at \"pegging\" it or severing its relationship with other world commodities would be even more disastrous. Silver's rise and fall in the past has inexorably followed the rise and fall of other commodities, and has therefore greatly facilitated the world's trade with the silver-using countries. The belief which appears to obtain in America that under any circumstances a high exchange must increase China's purchasing power is a fallacy. To accomplish that admittedly desirable object, high exchange must be accompanied by an equivalent high world commodity price level, otherwise China's products are too dear for the rest of the world to buy; she cannot export, and if she cannot export she cannot import however high the purchasing power of her currency. Therefore, while violent fluctuation due to speculation is the overseas merchant's bugbear, moderate fluctuation in accordance with legitimate trade requirements is desirable. The time may not be ripe for international action in regard to the world's exchanges, but when it is, we can only hope that the problem of silver will be disposed of with wisdom and foresight. So much depends upon this in the Far East, that one cannot but view with misgiving the many factors of minor importance operating in America to-day tending to confuse the issue.\n\n7. So far from being unwilling to finance trade and industry, certain of the local native Banks lend money too freely on property on insufficient margin albeit at high rates of interest. This practice tends to make credit too readily obtainable. The capital thus acquired is often mortgaged again to the full and an unstable structure of credit results, which is susceptible to any set-back however small, and which renders a financial collapse inevitable when a major depression occurs. It may not be practicable to legislate against this danger, but any step tending to the adoption of sounder banking methods would increase the Colony's stability.\n\n8. Another matter of Finance we view with some misgiving is the recent establishment of \"Savings Banks\". This class of institution should always be kept in a fairly liquid state so as to be in a position readily to meet withdrawals of depositors who, though small in wealth, are great in numbers. It seems to us that Government should pass some regulations governing the class of investments in which \"Savings Banks\" may place spare funds and make a percentage limit, which may not be exceeded, for fixed loans or mortgages. Savings Bank depositors are usually people of small means and if there should be a failure of one of these institutions the loss and misery caused would be widespread.\n\nChapter XII.\n\nAVIATION.\n\n1. Aviation has developed rapidly in the last few years and, as will be seen from the Report on the Progress of Civil Aviation, 1933, recently published by H.M. Stationery Office, the British Empire has not lagged behind in this respect. China is also becoming air-minded, and in such a country with vast spaces having no road or rail communication the gradual establishment of air routes will be a logical development.\n\n2. So far, however, China is not linked up with the rest of the world by air and this, in our opinion, is a matter which should occupy the serious attention of that country to which through air communication will be of great value, and of the British whose Far Eastern route extends as far as Singapore and thence continues to Australia.\n\n3. It appears to us that this new means of rapid communication which will have a greatly increasing commercial value should now receive from Hong Kong the same careful consideration as has been given to its position as a great port of ocean shipment.\n\n43\n\n4. In order to be of economic value, air lines must follow and be ancillary to established trade routes because on these are the great trade centres through which the life blood of the world pulses. Hong Kong, being the fifth largest port in the world and a great intermediate trading station has all the facilities and all the advantages to render desirable its development as an air port linking China with the near East and Europe on the one hand and Manila, America and Australia on the other. Already aviation has developed sufficiently to make this mechanically possible and all that is needed to make it an accomplished fact is enterprise and goodwill. In view of the immense advantages to be gained by all concerned from the facility of world-wide rapid communication we are of the opinion that a vigorous attempt to co-ordinate the various interests which would gain by this air-link should be made and that the goodwill necessary for co-operation and the security for enterprise on an economic basis will be forthcoming.\n\n5. It is natural and right that we should first consider Hong Kong as a Port for British air lines, but as with shipping in the past, so with aviation in the future, and we consider that having secured reasonable British participation Hong Kong must maintain an open port and welcome the aviation interests and air lines of all countries.\n\n6. We must envisage a very definite growth in air-traffic and air-mindedness. With established air routes it will be much easier for business men and others to pay short visits to the Far East. The more wealthy classes of tourists and holiday makers may well be induced to visit Hong Kong and China if they can do so without the need of a long sea journey. The primary reason for through air traffic must, however, be the carriage of mails. We are aware that even though the air-mail to Europe only commences at Singapore the traffic from and to Hong Kong by that route is steadily increasing. With an air connection through to Hong Kong we are confident that there would be a tremendous increase in air-mail traffic. A further consideration is that the definite establishment of Hong Kong as an air-port would, apart from affording increased facilities to Hong Kong and China, tend to create a new business and a new industry which may, to an increasing extent, replace waning business in other directions.\n\n7. With regard to Air Mail we were informed that in spite of the depression there has been a steady increase in the use of the Air Mail services from Hong Kong to Europe as follows:-\n\n1932. August to December\n\n1933. January to December\n\n1934. January to June\n\n8,618 letters\n\n31,635\n\n17,864\n\n8. The increase in 1934 was about 10 per cent and the Air Mail letters sent were 2.46 per cent of steamers' letters. We were informed that it was generally estimated that to operate an Air Mail service 5 per cent to 10 per cent of the postal matter should pay air premiums. It must be remembered, however, that the premium on letters from Hong Kong to Europe is heavy and that, owing to lack of direct air communication the saving in time is at present not very great. In view of the fact that a direct Air Mail from Hong Kong to London would probably take no more than seven or eight days we are of the opinion that it would well pay the business man to use such service and that a great increase could therefore be expected.\n\n9. The subject having been exhaustively discussed we finally express our opinion that no time should be lost by the authorities in conjunction with British air interests in connecting Hong Kong by air to the air routes already established. We realise that the matter has already received the attention of both the Hong Kong Government and the United Kingdom authorities and that there are a number of difficulties in the way. We feel, however, that the advantages to all concerned are so considerable that a vigorous attempt to co-ordinate all interests will not meet with failure.\n\n134",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-5 Commission of Enquiry into the Hong Kong trade depression- correspondence and report 27-3-1935 - 11-8-1935.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 572513,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-588-22 China- British territorial rights; negotiations with China 28-12-1942 - 10-11-1943",
        "page_number": 94,
        "title": "CO129-588-22 China- British territorial rights; negotiations with China 28-12-1942 - 10-11-1943",
        "content_text": "# Daily Telegraph\n## Sext to see X Of Pronouncements Regarding (Hong Kong)\n### XS JAN 1943\n\n# NEW TREATIES PLEASE CHINA DEFERRED HONG KONG PROBLEM\n\nFROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT\n\nCHUNGKING, Tuesday. The Chinese Foreign Minister, Mr. T. V. Soong, stated to-day that Chinese aspirations, apart from several details, were satisfied by the new treaties in which Britain and the United States give up extra-territorial rights in China.\n\nThe Chinese Government raised the question of the leased territory of Kowloon and Hong Kong's new territories (on the mainland and island of Lan-Tao), but \"Britain is unable to take up the matter at present,\" he said. \"It is intended to raise it again at some future time.\"\n\nThe Press expresses regret not only at the Kowloon question not being settled, but also at the absence of concessions in the American treaty regarding Chinese immigration to the United States.\n\nExplaining the clause permitting Britons to purchase land in China, Mr. Soong said China reserved the right to disallow aliens to buy land in any specially designated areas.\n\n## INVITATION TO BRITONS\n\nHe hoped many Britons would stay on in Chinese Government service, that is in the Customs, salt and postal administrations, though Britain has given up the right to have her subjects appointed to those services.\n\nHe confirmed that he would be returning to the United States at a date not yet decided, and that he would visit England afterwards.\n\nGen. Chiang Kai-shek, in a nation-wide broadcast to-day, said the signing of the treaties increased the fighting strength of the United Nations and inflicted a spiritual blow against the aggressors.\n\n## MR. CHURCHILL'S MESSAGE\n\n\"A NEW CHAPTER\" Gen. Chiang Kai-shek has sent a message to Mr. Churchill expressing \"the deep gratification of the Chinese Government and people at the signing of the new treaty between our two countries.\"\n\n\"It is to me a signal proof of the solidarity among the United Nations, not only for the purposes of war, but for the winning of the peace,\" he says. Mr. Churchill has replied: \"The occasion will long be memorable for the opening of a new chapter in our relations that holds great promise for the future. Please be assured that His Majesty's Government and the people of this country heartily welcome what we have done as an earnest of ever closer collaboration between Allies in a great cause.\"",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-588-22 China- British territorial rights; negotiations with China 28-12-1942 - 10-11-1943.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 574046,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-589-17 Evacuation of British families 14-1-1941 - 27-11-1941",
        "page_number": 53,
        "title": "CO129-589-17 Evacuation of British families 14-1-1941 - 27-11-1941",
        "content_text": "### \n\nThis was a rare instance of service, perhaps the only one of its kind on record, when other nationals sought temporary refuge on American territory because of threat of war in the areas from which they came.\n\nThe service rendered by the United States Army in this emergency adds another chapter to the long and inspiring record of service rendered by our armed forces to alleviate the lot of civilian populations in time of emergency.\n\nThis report would not be complete without mention of Major General Henry C. Pratt, Commanding General of Fort William McKinley, and Major James D. Carter, Major William M. Tow, and other officers who assisted him. These officers spent long hours, under trying conditions, directing the debarkation of the evacuees and their settlement in the quarters provided at Fort William McKinley.\n\nThe Red Cross has received from the women, and even from some of the children, many expressions of appreciation and gratitude. The children regarded the time spent at the Post as an adventure and a happy experience. Mention should also be made of the soldiers for their unfailing courtesy and kindliness.\n\nFrom a careful observation and check-up by the Red Cross Health and Hospitalization Section, and by the large force of nurses stationed at McKinley, there was a very definite improvement in health, especially among the children. The food provided was well balanced and carefully selected. The visitors embarked, after their sojourn at the Post, in good health and well prepared for their journey to Australia.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-589-17 Evacuation of British families 14-1-1941 - 27-11-1941.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 584629,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-599-2 Salaries Commission- 1947 Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949",
        "page_number": 5,
        "title": "CO129-599-2 Salaries Commission- 1947 Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949",
        "content_text": "## TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)\n\nii\n\n### CHAPTER IV (continued)\n\n| Page |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| 60 | Fuel and light allowances |\n| 61 | Hardlying allowance |\n| 62 | Field allowance |\n| 63 | Boot allowance |\n| 64 | Entertainmont allowance |\n| 65 | Change allowance and acting pay |\n| 69 | Allowances to Tutor Sisters |\n| 70 | Overtime and Chinese New Year Bonus |\n\n| Page |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| 49 | Travelling and subsistance allowance in the United Kingdom |\n| 50 | Allowances for special qualifications |\n| 51 | Allowances for previous experience |\n| 52 | Medal and good conduct allowances |\n| 53 | Other Police allowances |\n| 54 | Outfit allowance |\n| 55 |  |\n| 56 | Family or children's allowance |\n| 57 |  |\n| 58 | Specialist allowances |\n| 59 | Fees for evening institute teaching |\n\n### CHAPTER V\n#### POINTS OF IMPORTANCE IN REGARD TO CERTAIN MAJOR DEPARTMENTS AND SERVICES\n\n| Page |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| 71 | Government House |\n| 72 |  |\n| 73 | Colonial Secretariat |\n| 74 | Administrativo Service |\n| 75 |  |\n| 76 | Minor staff, artisans and foremen |\n| 79 | Storckcopers and stores staff |\n| 80 | General Clerical Service |\n| 81 |  |\n| 88 |  |\n| 89 | Police Department |\n| 94 |  |\n| 95 | Prison Department |\n| 100 |  |\n| 101 | Fire Brigade |\n| 103 |  |\n| 104 | Imports and Exports Department |\n| 105 |  |\n| 110 |  |\n| 111 | Medical Department |\n| 115 |  |\n| 116 | Education Department |\n| 121 |  |\n| 122 | Public Works Department |\n| 123 |  |\n| 124 | Kowloon Canton Railway |\n| 129 |  |\n| 130 | Harbour Department |\n| 133 |  |\n| 134 | Post Office, Telecommunications und Broadcasting |\n| 137 |  |\n| 138 | Air Servicos |\n| 139 | Royal Obscrvatory |\n| 140 | Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps |\n| 141 | District Office, New Territorios |\n| 142 | Judiciary and Legal Departments |\n| 143 | Social Welfare |\n| 144 | Secretariat for Chineso Affairs |\n| 145 | Labour Office |\n| 146 | Inland Revenue Department |\n| 147 | Sanitary Department |\n| 148 |  |\n| 151 | Development Secretariat |\n\n| Page |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| 40 |  |\n| 47 |  |\n| 42 |  |\n| 42 |  |\n| 45 |  |\n\n### CHAPTER VI\n#### CONDITIONS OF SERVICE\n\n| Page |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| 152 | Summary of representations |\n| 153 - 154 | Length of tour for overseas officers |\n| 155 | Study leave |\n| 156 |  |\n\n55 \n53 \n53 \n54",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-599-2 Salaries Commission- 1947 Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 584743,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-599-4 Salaries Commission- 1947 Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949",
        "page_number": 4,
        "title": "CO129-599-4 Salaries Commission- 1947 Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949",
        "content_text": "## TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)\n\n* ii.\n\n### CHAPTER IV (continued)\n\n| Page |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 49 | Fuel and light allowances | 23 |\n| 50 | Hardlying allowance. | 24 |\n| 51 | Field allowance. | 24 |\n| 52 | Boot allowance .. | 24 |\n| 53 | Entertainmont allowance | 24 |\n| 54-55 | Change allowance and acting pay | 25 |\n| 56 | Allowances to Tutor Sisters | 26 |\n| 57-58 | Overtime and Chinese New Year Bonus | 26 |\n| 59 | Travelling and subsistance allowance in the United Kingdom | 27 |\n| 60 | Allowances for special qualifications. | 27 |\n| 61 | Allowances for previous experience | 27 |\n| 62-63 |  | 27 |\n| 64 | Outfit allowance. | 28 |\n| 65 |  | 28 |\n| 68-69 | Specialist allowances | 28 |\n| 70 | Medal and good conduct allowances | 29 |\n|  | Other Police allowances |  |\n|  | Family or children's allowance | 30 |\n|  | Fees for evening institute teaching |  |\n\n### CHAPTER V\n#### POINTS OF IMPORTANCE IN REGARD TO CERTAIN MAJOR DEPARTMENTS AND SERVICES\n\n| Page |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 71-72 | Government House | 31 |\n| 73-74 | Colonial Secretariat | 31 |\n| 75 | Administrative Service | 31 |\n| 76-79 | Minor staff, artisans and foremen | 32 |\n| 80 | Storekeepers and stores staff | 33 |\n| 81-88 | General Clerical Service | 33 |\n| 89-94 | Police Department | 37 |\n| 95-100 |  | 40 |\n| 101-103 | Prison Department | 41 |\n| 104 | Fire Brigade | 41 |\n| 105-110 | Imports and Exports Department | 42 |\n| 111-115 | Medical Department | 42-44 |\n| 116-121 | Education Department. | 44-45 |\n| 122-123 | Public Works Department | 45 |\n| 124 | Kowloon Canton Railway | 46 |\n| 129 | Band |  |\n| 130-133 | Harbour Department | 47 |\n| 134-137 | Post Office, Telecommunications and Broadcasting | 48 |\n| 138 | Air Services | 48 |\n| 89 |  |  |\n| 139-140 | Royal Observatory. | 49 |\n| 141 | Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps | 49-50 |\n| 142 | District Office, New Territories | 50 |\n| 143-144 |  | 50 |\n| 145-148 | Judiciary and Legal Departments | 50-51 |\n| 148-151 | Social Welfare | 51 |\n|  | Secretariat for Chinese Affairs | 51 |\n|  | Labour Office | 51 |\n|  | Inland Revenue Department | 51 |\n|  | Sanitary Department | 51 |\n|  | Development Secretariat | 51 |\n\n### CHAPTER VI\n#### CONDITIONS OF SERVICE\n\n| Page |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 152-153 | Summary of representations | 53 |\n| 154 |  |  |\n| 155-156 | Length of tour for overseas officers | 53-54 |\n|  | Study leave | 54 |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-599-4 Salaries Commission- 1947 Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 585331,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-600-4 Salaries Commission- comments on report 12-10-1947 - 15-12-1947",
        "page_number": 8,
        "title": "CO129-600-4 Salaries Commission- comments on report 12-10-1947 - 15-12-1947",
        "content_text": "## Note of a meeting held on 22nd October\nto discuss Chapter VII of the \nSalaries Commission's Report\n\n### Present:\n* Mr. Sloss\n* Mr. Mayle\n* Dr. Cruikshank\n* Mr W. E. Ward\n* Mr. Robison\n* Mr. Betten\n* Miss Whyte\n\nThe meeting was held to discuss the possibilities of providing opportunities of apprenticeship or post-graduate practical training for local officers entering Government service in the spheres of Engineering, Education and Medicine. It was pointed out that we cannot afford to keep sending great numbers of local officers to this country for training and that facilities must therefore be provided locally, where possible.\n\n(a) Engineering  \nAt present engineers are only recruited to the Colonial Service if they have a registrable degree and some experience. They are not confirmed in their appointments until they hold the qualification of A.M.I.C.E. As it is often difficult to find recruits with experience, Mr. Betton welcomed the suggestion that the P.W.D. should provide apprenticeship training for local officers, the only possible objection being that it may be difficult to inaugurate such a scheme with the present shortage of staff in the P.W.D.\n\n(b) Education  \nThe suggestion was also welcomed by the Education Adviser as it is felt that it is necessary for a teacher to have a two-year apprenticeship in teaching after gaining his certificate. The system should apply to all schools in Hong Kong and not merely Government ones. It is, however, desirable, in the case of Education that candidates should have experience of teaching in the United Kingdom where this is possible. If the recommendation is carried out, it will mean that the local staff will be better qualified than those recruited from the U.K., since the latter are at present required to have experience.\n\n(c) Medicine  \nIt is certainly essential that an apprenticeship should be served either under a General Practitioner (who will have to be on a selected list), or in a hospital, before an appointment is taken up, as suggested in the Spens Report on the Remuneration of G.P.'s. It is suggested that such an apprenticeship should be made a condition of registration as a doctor in the Colony; this would involve legislation for which there are some precedents, though this is not yet the practice in the United Kingdom.\n\nThe meeting was to ascertain the views of the Advisers on this Chapter of the Report, as the Salaries Commission have only recommended that Government should make a special enquiry into the possibilities of local apprenticeships.\n\nColonial Office,  \n8th November, 1947.\n\nPage 10  \nPage 11",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-600-4 Salaries Commission- comments on report 12-10-1947 - 15-12-1947.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 592657,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-614-1 Commission of Inquiry into fire at West Point- report 26-5-1949 - 22-12-1949",
        "page_number": 51,
        "title": "CO129-614-1 Commission of Inquiry into fire at West Point- report 26-5-1949 - 22-12-1949",
        "content_text": "## CHAPTER VIII\n### THE PREVENTION OF FIRE IN GODOWNS.\n\n59. Our terms of reference required us to \"consider and recommend what measures should be taken to prevent in the future\" occurrences similar to that which occurred at the Wing On Godowns. This entailed an inquiry firstly into fire prevention as administered in the Colony, and secondly into the fire extinction system of the Fire Brigade. Just as in medicine the development of a preventive system lagged long behind the development of a system of curative medicine, so we understand the prevention of fires has only comparatively recently assumed any degree of importance even in socially advanced countries such as Britain. In England, fire prevention remains to a considerable extent the province of insurance companies, who impose on insurers of goods stored stringent requirements as to storage if premiums are to be kept low or the maximum rebate allowed. In other words, safety in storage is ensured by economic factors. We understand that the London County Council almost alone among local authorities possesses a properly trained and equipped fire-prevention service, but the formation of similar units by other local authorities is receiving very active attention. Fire prevention services are likely to multiply and expand in the United Kingdom as the man-power situation improves. Here in Hong Kong, we are fortunate in possessing adequate reserves of man-power, though admittedly possessing little technical ability.\n\n60. After considering whether a fire such as occurred at the Wing On Godowns should be regarded as a normal risk in the Colony and on this basing some recommendations on the necessity for modifying existing legislative and administrative arrangements for ensuring the safe storage of cinematograph film and on the adequacy or inadequacy of the personnel strength, training, and equipment of the Fire Brigade, a strict interpretation of the terms of reference might there have enabled us to limit our inquiry. We have, however, not been able altogether to exclude from the ultimate cause of the Wing On Fire the possibility that it might be attributable to other sources, and this led us to an examination of the regulations for the prevention of fires.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-614-1 Commission of Inquiry into fire at West Point- report 26-5-1949 - 22-12-1949.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 593328,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-615-2 Income tax 10-3-1947 - 6-2-1948",
        "page_number": 159,
        "title": "CO129-615-2 Income tax 10-3-1947 - 6-2-1948",
        "content_text": "## CHAPTER II (continued)\n\n5 \n\n(ii) Where no assessment has been made under the Rating Ordinance, 1901, the rateable value shall be determined by the Assessor appointed under Section 3 of that Ordinance; \n\n(iii) In the case of the New Territories other than New Kowloon, the rateable value for the purpose of Property Tax shall be taken at one-fourteenth of the value of the buildings as assessed under the Rating Ordinance, 1901; \n\n(iv) Where the owner of the land is not the owner of the buildings thereon, a separate assessment shall be made for the land and for the buildings; \n\n(v) Property tax shall not be charged on any land and/or buildings which are exempt from rates by virtue of section 39(2) of the Rating Ordinance, 1901. \n\n7. Property tax shall be payable in the first place by the person, whether owner, agent, or occupier, who pays the assessed rates in respect of the land and/or buildings taxed. Where such payment is made by any person other than the owner of the property, then the amount so paid by way of property tax shall be a debt due from the owner and recoverable as such from any rent or other moneys due to him. Where such payment is made by any person other than the owner of the land and buildings, then the amount so paid by way of Property Tax shall be a debt due from the person assessed under section 6.\n\n8. A proportionate refund of property tax may be made whenever any land and/or buildings are proved to the satisfaction of the Commissioner to have been unoccupied during one or more entire months of any year of assessment.\n\n## CHAPTER III\n### Salaries and Annuities Tax\n\n9. Salaries and Annuities Tax shall be charged at the rates provided for in section 14 and subject to the allowances hereinafter provided on all income arising in or derived from the Colony in respect of-\n\n(a) any office or employment of profit; and \n\n(b) any pension or annuity:\n\nProvided that the following shall be exempt-\n\n(i) The official emoluments received by the officer administering the Government; \n\n(ii) the official emoluments of consuls, vice-consuls, and persons employed on the staff of any consulate, who are subjects or citizens of the State which they represent; \n\n(iii) any sum received by way of commutation of pension or annuity and any sum, other than a pension, withdrawn from a provident fund; \n\n(iv) the emoluments payable by the Governments of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, His Majesty's Dominions, and India to members of His Majesty's Forces and to persons in the permanent service of those Governments in the Colony in respect of their offices under those Governments; \n\n### By Whom Payable \n### Refund in Case of Unoccupied Property \n\nPage 158",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-615-2 Income tax 10-3-1947 - 6-2-1948.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    {
        "id": 593429,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-615-2 Income tax 10-3-1947 - 6-2-1948",
        "page_number": 260,
        "title": "CO129-615-2 Income tax 10-3-1947 - 6-2-1948",
        "content_text": "262 \n-3- \n\n## CHAPTER II - PROPERTY TAX \n\n6. In view of the fact that the income of property owners is restricted by law in such a manner that they are unable to take advantage of rising price levels, we consider that the provisions of Chapter II, as originally drafted inflict special hardship on this section of the community at present. We therefore recommend that whilst rent control remains in operation tax be charged at one-half the standard rate and that the proposed allowance for repairs at ten per cent should be increased to an allowance of twenty per cent for repairs and outgoings. Effect is given to this in the proposed new section 6 in the schedule attached to this report.\n\n7. We also consider that exemption from property tax should be provided for establishments of an ecclesiastical, educational or charitable nature, similar to the exemptions provided under Section 39 subsection (2) of the Rating Ordinance, 1901, and we therefore propose the following proviso to Section 6:- \n\nAnd provided also that property tax shall not be charged on any land and/or buildings which are exempt pro rata by virtue of section 39(2) of the Rating Ordinance, 1901.\n\n## CHAPTER III - SALARIES \n\nWe accept the Commissioner's proposal that the scope of **Salaries Tax** should be widened so as to cover annuities, which otherwise would not have been covered by the Ordinance, and we therefore propose that the title of this Chapter be amended to **\"Salaries and Annuities Tax\"** and that the necessary consequential amendments be made throughout the Chapter, including: \n\n### Section 9(b) \nThe words \"payable in respect of any such office or employment\" should be deleted.\n\n### Section 9, proviso (iii) \nThe words \"Provided that this exemption\" etc. (to the end of the clause) should be deleted.\n\nWe agree to the following additional exemptions being made at the request of the Commissioner:- \n\n(iv) the emoluments payable by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, His Majesty's Dominions and India to members of His Majesty's forces and to persons in the permanent service of those Governments in the Colony in respect of their offices under those Governments; \n\n(v) wound and disability pensions granted to members of His Majesty's Forces; \n\n(vi) gratuities granted to members of His Majesty's Forces in respect of services rendered during war.\n\nwith the consequential re-numbering of exemptions (iv) and (v).\n\n### Section 10 \nDelete \"pension\" from (1) of subsection (1) and add a new subsection (3):- \n\nPage 260\nPage 261",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-615-2 Income tax 10-3-1947 - 6-2-1948.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 594417,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-617-6 Development- recommendations of Hong Kong Colonial Development and Welfare Committee 18-7-1947 - 23-12-1947",
        "page_number": 36,
        "title": "CO129-617-6 Development- recommendations of Hong Kong Colonial Development and Welfare Committee 18-7-1947 - 23-12-1947",
        "content_text": "## 38 \n\n6 \n\nany Colonial Government from submitting such schemes in advance of the general plan where these are clearly of immediate urgency and will ultimately be included in the general plan.\n\n16. It will be observed from the attached table of allocations that provision has been made in certain instances for regional allocations in order to provide for schemes which are of a regional character and for services which may be common to the area in question. I regard it as important not only that governments in a given area should consult freely with one another in respect of their development plans but that consideration should be given to the possibility of encouraging, when appropriate, development upon a regional basis. This applies especially to such areas as East Africa, Central Africa, and the West Indies. Colonial territories in close geographical proximity should find it of advantage, where development, research, communications, higher education, and several other services are concerned, not only to proceed with schemes administered separately by the territories themselves, but also to plan in regional terms. They would thereby carry out their own developments in the full understanding of regional needs and of the necessity for fitting their programmes into the regional picture. I have not thought it necessary at this stage to make a regional allocation for West Africa, but I trust that the Governments of the Colonies in that area will continue to advance the recognition of the regional outlook in economic development, communications, higher education, and research.\n\n17. I propose that this despatch should be presented to Parliament as a Command paper, and I will notify you, in due course, of the date of publication.\n\n18. In conclusion, I have only to reiterate my conviction of the opportunity which is presented to all concerned with Colonial administration in this new chapter of Colonial development; my deep sense of the great responsibility which rests upon us to see that the resources made available, including those made at real sacrifice by the people of the United Kingdom, are wisely and economically used; and my confidence in the co-operation of Colonial peoples and officials alike in the discharge of that responsibility so as to bring permanent advantage and improvement to the whole Colonial Empire and enable it to play an increasingly important part in the world's affairs.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\nG. H. HALL.\n\n7 \n\n## Enclosure 2 to Circular Despatch dated 12th November, 1945 - **ALLOCATION OF FUNDS AVAILABLE UNDER THE COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT AND WELFARE ACT, 1945**\n\n### SUMMARY\n\n| Category | Allocation |\n| --- | --- |\n| Central Schemes, including Research | £23,500,000 |\n| Allocations to Colonial territories | £85,500,000 |\n| General Reserve for supplementary allocations | £11,000,000 |\n| **Total** | **£120,000,000** |\n\n### I. CENTRAL SCHEMES\n\n| Category | Allocation |\n| --- | --- |\n| (i) Research<sup>1</sup> | £10,000,000 |\n| less amount estimated to be unspent during period 1946-56 | £1,500,000 |\n|  | £8,500,000 |\n| (ii) Centrally administered schemes: |  |\n| (a) Higher Education | £4,500,000 |\n| (b) Training Schemes for the Colonial Service | £2,500,000 |\n| (c) Geodetic and Topographical Surveys | £2,000,000 |\n| (d) Aeronautical Wireless Communications<sup>2</sup> | £1,000,000 |\n| (e) Meteorological Services<sup>*</sup> |  |\n| Other Central Schemes, such as the Central Nutrition Unit, Contributions to the Imperial Forestry Institute, Higher Training in Social Sciences, etc. |  |\n| (iii) Margin for Supplementary Allocations to Central Schemes |  |\n\n### II. ALLOCATIONS TO COLONIAL TERRITORIES\n\n| Region/Territory | Allocation |\n| --- | --- |\n| **West Indies** |  |\n| Barbados | £800,000 |\n| British Guiana<sup>3</sup> | £2,500,000 |\n| British Honduras | £600,000 |\n| Jamaica | £6,500,000 |\n| Leeward Islands | £1,200,000 |\n| Trinidad<sup>1</sup> | £1,200,000 |\n| Windward Islands | £850,000 |\n| West Indies General | £1,850,000 |\n| **Total West Indies** | **£15,500,000** |\n| **South Atlantic** |  |\n| Falklands | £150,000 |\n| St. Helena and Ascension | £200,000 |\n| **Total South Atlantic** | **£350,000** |\n| **Fiji and Western Pacific** |  |\n| Fiji | £1,000,000 |\n| Western Pacific | £800,000 |\n| **Total Fiji and Western Pacific** | **£1,800,000** |\n\n<sup>1</sup> Including Geological Survey.\n<sup>*</sup> Subject to determination of the degree of Colonial liability.\n<sup>2</sup> To include any subsidy to British Guiana Airways Service to interior.\n<sup>3</sup> To include any subsidy to British West Indian Airways.\n• To include any allocation that may be made to the Bahamas.\n\n39",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-617-6 Development- recommendations of Hong Kong Colonial Development and Welfare Committee 18-7-1947 - 23-12-1947.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 595023,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-619-1 Parliamentary delegation to China 1-9-1947 - 23-12-1947",
        "page_number": 98,
        "title": "CO129-619-1 Parliamentary delegation to China 1-9-1947 - 23-12-1947",
        "content_text": "## 12. \nThe Constitution follows the principles enunciated by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, that is to say, it is the so-called Five-Power Constitution which, according to his writings, preserves the best of the traditional Chinese imperial system with the addition of the best of Western democratic theories. The Five Powers are constituted by the Legislative Yuan, corresponding roughly to the British House of Commons, the Executive Yuan, corresponding generally to the British Cabinet, the Judicial Yuan, corresponding to the United States Supreme Court, the Examination Yuan, corresponding to the British Civil Service Commission and continuing the ancient Chinese tradition of a highly-educated civil service, and the Control Yuan - whose main functions, similar to those formerly vested in the imperial power, are the supervision and, if necessary, the impeachment of public functionaries.\n\n## 13. \n\n117 \n23 \n\nState and the members of which will be elected by the people for a term of three years. The constitution also specifies the matters to be legislated upon and executed by the Central Government and the Provincial and Hsien Governments respectively. Local self-government in Provinces and Hsiens (districts) is to be instituted, the Hsien magistrate in particular to be elected by the people and not appointed by the Central Government as at present. One Chapter of the new constitution lays down fundamental national policies regarding national defence, foreign policy, national economy, social security, education and the border territories.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-619-1 Parliamentary delegation to China 1-9-1947 - 23-12-1947.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    }
]