[ { "id": 297851, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-173 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [1-3]", "page_number": 312, "title": "CO129-173 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [1-3]", "content_text": "DESPATCH.\n\nvernor.\n\nNo.\n\nasy 58\n\nDate.\n\n1876 Mar 20\n\nLast previous Paper.\n\n1330.\n\ntong trong\n\nNo. 5325\n\n(Subject.)\n\n309\n\nDeclaration of Nationality from M Field\n\nInwards with\n\nCovering\n\nletter from Mess\n\nCaldwell & Braraton\n\n(Minutes.)\n\ndana Si J. Paunupti\n\nA\n\nthe despatch\n\nSend a copy of\n\nAnd the exclouse in\n\nanginal in the\n\nForeign Office\n\nin Answer to their letter\n\n. 1075-1 & 88164)\n\non the 18th selber lest.\n\nhad a\n\n73\n\nIo Filla alias Cain plems\n\n5 have\n\nlife of charge and excitement which I peering from a probentang height. the top of this big new liebling rather\n\nShope\n\non\n\nthis the Spanish EWR Ang fort can be fused to lament\n\nJan indemnity\n\nnot a very\n\n1.\n\nMr.\n\nSatisfa\n\nFeld.\n\n11615\n\nat\n\neny.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-173 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 407774, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-338 - Public Offices & Others - 1906", "page_number": 238, "title": "CO129-338 - Public Offices & Others - 1906", "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n233\n\n# CHINA TRADE\n\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n[30788]\n\n### No. 1\n\n[September 10.\n\n### SECTION 3\n\n0.\n\n45804\n\nMr. Carnegie to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received September 10.)\n\n(No. 166.) (Telegraphic.) P.\n\nPeking, September 10, 1906.\n\nI HAVE the honour to report, with reference to my telegram No. 145, that in consequence of the Memorials of the Board of Commerce, which were approved by Imperial Rescript and appeared in the Chinese press, by which the building of lines from Soochow to Hangchow and Ningpo by two new Chinese Railway Companies was authorized, I addressed a strong protest to Prince Ch'ing on the 4th August, requesting him to take steps to secure that the Chinese Government's obligations under the Agreements they had entered into with the Corporation be duly fulfilled and the charge of bad faith obviated, and also asking for an interview.\n\nI was at first referred by his Highness, who was engaged at the Summer Palace, to the Wai-wu Pu, and on the 7th and 20th ultimo I had two unsatisfactory interviews with them (see my despatch No. 358 of the 23rd ultimo).\n\nOn my insisting on seeing him, the Prince finally, on the 8th instant, found time to see me.\n\nHe gave me repeated assurances that, though the discussion of a final Agreement could not at present be agreed to, the Chinese Government recognized the preliminary Agreement, but that the Memorials could not be set aside, as they had been approved by Rescript.\n\nPending the conclusion of a final Agreement, and while the matter was in a preliminary stage, to inform the Chekiang provincials that foreigners had been granted all rights to build railways between Soochow, Hangchow, and Ningpo was a course the Chinese Government were not prepared to take.\n\nHe hinted broadly at the same time that it was not likely that the provincials would be successful, intending evidently that I should understand that their project was negligible, owing to the small prospect it had of coming to fruition.\n\nI said I must refer to you, as I could not consider this satisfactory.\n\nI shall leave suggestions as to further action to Sir John Jordan, who arrives this evening.\n\n[30785]\n\n### No. 2\n\nMr. Carnegie to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received September 10.)\n\n(No. 167.) (Telegraphic.) P.\n\nPeking, September 19, 1906.\n\nI HAVE been officially informed by the Wai-wu Pu that Fengt'ien Province having been evacuated by the Japanese troops, Fenghuangcheng, Liaoyang, Isinmintun, Tiehling, Tungchiangtzu, and Fakumen, in accordance with the terms of Article I of the Supplementary Convention between China and Japan, dated the 22nd December, 1905, have been opened to international trade.\n\n[2104 k-8]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-338 - Public Offices & Others - 1906.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 407833, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-338 - Public Offices & Others - 1906", "page_number": 297, "title": "CO129-338 - Public Offices & Others - 1906", "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nCHINA TRADE.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[40354]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n[December 1.]\n\nSECTION 1.\n\n(No. 423.) Sir,\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received December 1.)\n\nPeking, October 17, 1906,\n\nWITH reference to my telegram No. 187 of the 10th instant, I have the honour to transmit to you herewith translation of a note from the Wai-wu Pu, stating that as the Japanese troops have been withdrawn from Hsinmintun, that place is to be opened to trade in accordance with the Supplementary Convention between China and Japan respecting Manchuria.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) J. N. JORDAN,\n\nInclosure in No. 1.\n\n(Translation.) Sir,\n\nWai-wu Pu to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nPeking, 32nd year, 8th month, 21st day (October 8, 1906).\n\nIN my note of the 10th September I had the honour to inform your Excellency that Tieh Ling, Tangchiangtzu, and Fakumen had been opened to trade in accordance with the provision of the Supplementary Convention between Japan and China respecting Manchuria that on the withdrawal of the troops Fenghuangch'eng, Liaoyang, Hsinmintun, Tiehling, Tungchiangtzu, and Fakumen should be opened by China herself to foreign trade.\n\nI have now the honour to state that the Japanese troops having been withdrawn from Hsinmintun, that place is to be opened to foreign trade in accordance with the Convention,\n\nI avail, &c.\n\n[2268 a-1]\n\n............\n\n292\n\nPage 292\n\n............\n\nPage 292", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-338 - Public Offices & Others - 1906.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 410896, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "page_number": 73, "title": "CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "content_text": "## 2\n\nI feel that the German here is keen to display anti-Japanese feelings and to make capital vis-à-vis the Chinese thereof. In fact, he says he means to claim any and every advantage which the Japanese are enjoying, whether under plea of military occupation or otherwise. I told him I could not go as far as that; I would claim what seemed a proper privilege, such as exemption from li-kin at Mukden. The other day he informed me he had heard from Peking that the Japanese were claiming a preferential position here as one of the conditions of giving up the port, also advantages in Mongolia, and suggested to me the advisability of the Consular Body addressing the Diplomatic Corps, begging their protest or influence against such conditions. This seemed a ruse to back up China and gain kudos for Germany, and I told him I thought it was hardly seemly for the Consular Body to attempt to mould the policy of their Chiefs in this way.\n\nHe commenced his career here in June 1906 by questioning the right of the Japanese to be here at all. Arnhold, Karberg, and Co. had bought land in the town from a Chinese. Another Chinese claimed it, and a lawsuit between them was heard by the Japanese Court, who gave it against Arnhold, Karberg, and Co.'s friend. Mezger refused to recognize the Japanese Court as having any jurisdiction in the matter, and asked how they obtained their right to try cases between Chinese in Yingkow.\n\nThe Chinese in Mukden have been delighted to see him get rid of some of the Japanese Consular police out of the temple in Mukden he had rented.\n\nWe are good friends, but I feel he requires a cautious attitude. The Chinese will naturally play the off-set game between the nations for all it is worth and are cultivating Mezger assiduously.\n\nYours sincerely,\n**(Signed)**\nH. E. FULFORD.\n\nP.S.-I am told that in Tiehling--one of the new ports--Japanese tobacco has been made to pay li-kin. The Japanese importers refused, but the Chinese dealers who received it were forced to pay. This shows that the Chinese are going to make a bold fight for their principle, \"towns not open, only Settlements.\" But I think we may trust the Japanese to insist on the towns being open.\n\nH. E. F.\n\n## 3\n\n...far as possible, especially at the outset, to keep a foreign agent on the spot to watch over their interests.\n\nI entirely approve also of the attitude of caution which you propose to adopt in your relations with your German colleague, and I consider that we should endeavour, as far as possible, to enlist Japanese co-operation in establishing our commercial position on the basis of the Treaties without entering into any discussion of political questions, which, should they arise, can be dealt with in Tokio or elsewhere as may seem best to His Majesty's Government.\n\nI am, &c.\n**(Signed)**\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n### Inclosure 2 in No. 1\n\n**(No. 27.)**\nSir,\n\nSir J. Jordan to Consul-General Fulford.\n\nPeking, November 6, 1906.\n\nON the occasion of your recent visit to Peking you conferred with me regarding the necessity of maintaining that the city of Mukden should be open to foreign trade and residence, and that foreign goods should, as at other Treaty ports, enjoy exemption from li-kin within the port area.\n\nYou suggested that, as the place had been opened under the American and Japanese Treaties, the Representatives of those Powers might be invited to instruct their Consuls at Mukden to co-operate with you in fighting the question with the Chinese authorities, who desire to limit the rights of foreigners to the \"Settlement area.\"\n\nI have recently consulted my American, Japanese, and German colleagues on the subject, and learn from Mr. Rockhill that the American Government is determined to have Mukden opened on the same footing as any other Treaty port. Mr. Straight, the American Consul-General, has had instructions in this sense, and these instructions will be repeated, so that you may rely on his co-operation.\n\nMr. Hayashi stated that he held the opening of Mukden to mean that the whole city was to be open to foreign residence and trade on precisely the same terms as prescribed by earlier Treaties, and that he would resist any attempt to enforce payment of li-kin. He promised to send telegraphic instructions to the Japanese Consul-General to act with you in this matter.\n\nBaron von der Goltz, the German Representative, likewise informed me that he would be prepared to co-operate with us in securing the same rights at Mukden as we enjoy at other Treaty ports.\n\nWith reference to the view expressed in your private letter of the 31st October, I quite agree that discussion of the principle of this question of Treaty port areas is not effective in the absence of concrete cases, and British firms should be encouraged as... \n\nPage 70", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 411576, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "page_number": 76, "title": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "content_text": "## Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\n### Consul-General Fulford to Sir J. Jordan.\n\n**(No. 10.)** \nMukden, February 27, 1907.\n\nSir, \n\nI HAVE the honour to forward herewith translations of Japanese Regulations for Railway Settlements in Manchuria issued by the Governor-General of Kwantung, and Japanese Consular Regulations and Taxation Schedule for the Mukden Japanese Settlement Association, also a census of the Japanese population of the Southern Manchurian towns.\n\nThese papers are interesting as showing the system by which the Japanese can evade the necessity for an Agreement with the Chinese authorities as to the constitution of Japanese Settlements, as witnessed in the case of the land at Newchwang recently incorporated with the original railway land.\n\nLarge areas of land have been acquired at the various railway stations along the South Manchurian Railway by the railway authorities, notably at Mukden, Liao Yang, and Tiebling, and will no doubt be developed under the first-mentioned Regulations.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) \nH. E. FULFORD.\n\n## Inclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\n### General Order No. 6.\n\n**Regulations for Settlement Assemblies on Territory belonging to the South Manchurian Railway.** \n**(Translation.)**\n\nTHE Regulations for Settlement Assemblies on territory belonging to the South Manchurian Railway have been determined as follows:\n\n1. The Chief of Police may establish Settlement Assemblies outside Kwantung Province at such places on territory belonging to the South Manchurian Railway as he deems necessary.\n\n2. A Settlement Assembly shall consist of persons residing within determined limits on territory belonging to the South Manchurian Railway. Nevertheless, whenever the number of houses, the population, and distances between two or more Railway Settlements are such that it is deemed necessary, such Settlements may be combined under one Assembly.\n\n3. The Settlement Assembly shall deliberate upon and administer sanitation, public works, education, and all other matters pertaining to the general interests of the Settlement.\n\n4. The Settlement Assembly shall consist of one President, one Vice-President, and a number of Councillors. The number of Councillors shall be determined by the Chief of Police.\n\n5. The President and Vice-President shall be appointed by the Chief of the Police with the consent of the Governor-General.\n\n6. The Councillors shall for the present be nominated by the Chief of the Police and elected by the settlers. The Chief of Police shall, as soon as he has nominated the Councillors mentioned in the preceding paragraph, immediately report the same to the Governor-General.\n\n7. The offices of President, Vice-President, and Councillor shall be honorary. The term of office shall be one year.\n\n8. The Settlement Assembly may, with the consent of the Chief of Police, appoint a business manager and such other salaried officials as deemed necessary.\n\n9. The President and Vice-President possess *ipso facto* the qualifications of Councillors. The President shall preside at sessions of the Assembly, and as the representative of the Assembly shall enforce its Resolutions. The Vice-President shall take the place of the President whenever the latter is unable to discharge his duties. The Councillors shall represent the Assembly, and at its sessions shall have the right to propose Resolutions and shall participate in the enforcement of the provisions thereof.\n\n10. The President, whenever matters for public discussion arise, shall convene the Assembly. The Assembly shall be convened whenever more than one-third of the Councillors demand it.\n\n11. A majority of the Councillors shall be necessary to constitute a quorum to deliberate upon matters before the Assembly, and a majority of votes shall be required to pass a Resolution. In the case of a tie, the President shall cast the determining vote.\n\n12. The Settlement Assembly, in order to meet the expenses required in the application of Article 3, may draw up a schedule of the character and amount of taxes and may levy and collect the same from the settlers.\n\n13. The Resolutions of the Settlement Assembly must receive the approval of the Chief of Police. The Chief of Police, whenever he shall have given the approval mentioned in the preceding paragraph, shall report the same to the Governor-General. Whenever the Governor-General shall consider the Resolutions approved by the Chief of Police as improper or illegal, the same shall be cancelled. He shall also have the right to issue orders to stop the execution of the same.\n\n14. The Settlement Assembly, in order to furnish a clear statement of receipts and disbursements, the Budget, and the settlement of accounts, shall provide itself with the necessary books for that purpose, and at the end of each month shall submit a detailed report of the financial conditions to the Chief of Police.\n\n15. The Settlement Assembly, in making disbursements of sums of more than 100 you, must receive the approval of the Chief of Police for the same.\n\n16. Whenever the jurisdiction of the Settlement Assembly is contiguous with that of a Consular office, they shall deliberate together with the Executive Committee of the Consular Settlement Association in regard to matters affecting their common interests, and, as far as their obligations permit, shall co-operate with such Committee in the execution of Resolutions pertaining to the same.\n\n17. The Governor-General, whenever he deems it necessary to the public peace, may dissolve the Settlement Assembly, and cancel the appointments of the President, Vice-President, and Councillors.\n\n18. The Settlement Assembly shall draw up Rules in accordance with these Regulations for the performance of all matters of business thereby provided for, and shall secure the approval of the Chief of Police for the same, and shall then enforce them.\n\n### Supplementary Regulations.\n\n19. When the South Manchurian Railway Joint Stock Company shall have commenced operations, these Regulations shall not be applicable to matters concerning whose administration Government orders shall be issued, and, if at present applicable, shall cease to be so upon the issue of such orders.\n\n20. These Regulations shall not be applicable to Settlement Assemblies for whose organizations special provisions have been made.\n\n21. These Regulations shall take effect from the 1st day of the 2nd month of the 40th year of Meiji (the 1st February, 1907).", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 411626, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "page_number": 126, "title": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "content_text": "# (No. 8.) Sir,\n\n## Inclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\n### Consul-General Fulford to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nMukden, December 22, 1906.\n\nI HAVE the honour to inform you that the British-American Tobacco Company's District Manager in Newchwang, Mr. Henckendorff, has complained to me that the cigarettes of the Company are being taxed in Tiehling, one of the marts in Manchuria opened to foreign trade by the Japan-China Treaty of December 1905. The Chinese agents of the Company have paid a considerable amount in this manner. In informing me of this, Mr. Henckendorff added that Japanese cigarettes were being forced to pay the same duties at Tiehling, but that they were being levied on the Chinese clients of the Japanese importers.\n\nAs nearly all the cigarettes of the British-American Tobacco Company are manufactured in Shanghae and classed and taxed there as \"native goods,\" I am in some doubt as to whether it would be correct to demand for them in Treaty ports exemption from any further taxation beyond that prescribed by the Treaty Tariff as in the case of foreign goods.\n\nI presume that ordinary native goods conveyed from one Treaty port or mart to another by foreigners for local consumption by the Chinese are not entitled to exemption from further taxation beyond that of the Treaty Tariff in the port of destination, at least when they have arrived in Chinese hands.\n\nThe question also of transit taxation on such goods between the Treaty ports connected by railway presents some difficulty. In the case of these cigarettes being sent from Shanghae to Newchwang via Chin Wang Tao, I have ascertained that, in addition to the usual coast trade duty of one and a-half times the export duty, a transit duty of half the export duty has been regularly levied to free them of li-kin along the railway. This duty is levied on the ground that they are native produce. Foreign goods are passed free under exemption certificates.\n\nI should be glad to be instructed as to the claim for exemption from taxation in Treaty marts, as the Company wishes to apply for a refund of the duties paid as above described in Tiehling.\n\nI have, &c.\n(Signed) H. E. FULFORD.\n\n## (No. 2.) Sir,\n\n### Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\n#### Mr. Hosie to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nOffice of the Commercial Attaché, Shanghae, January 17, 1907.\n\nI HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch No. 1 of the 3rd instant, inclosing copy of a despatch from His Majesty's Consul-General at Mukden regarding the taxation of the British-American Tobacco Company's cigarettes in Manchuria, and directing me to inquire into the whole subject of the manufacture of these cigarettes and their treatment by the Imperial Maritime Customs at this port.\n\nThe history of the customs duty on cigarettes at Shanghae dates back to the year 1892, when a small factory called the Commercial Tobacco Company was established in Hongkew and manufactured cigarettes almost entirely for local consumption. There was an insignificant export and on this the Customs levied a duty of 4 m. 5 c. per picul, classing it, as there was no heading \"Cigarettes\" in the Tariff as prepared tobacco, and subjecting it to the same amount of duty.\n\nThe Treaty of Shimonoseki of 1895 authorized Japanese subjects and, by the most-favoured-nation treatment, other foreigners to engage in all kinds of manufacturing industries in the open cities, towns, and ports of China, and many industries, including the manufacture of cigarettes on a large scale, at once began to spring up in Shanghae, and the export duty of 4 m. 5 c. per picul on cigarettes was continued until the 22nd January, 1904, when an Order (No. 601), copy of which I inclose, was posted at the custom-house giving notice that Chinese manufactures of foreign type would from that date be liable to a single 5 per cent. ad valorem duty, and thereafter be free from further taxation. No reference to an export duty on goods manufactured by Japanese in China is made in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, but Article III of the Protocol supplementary to the Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation of the 21st July, 1896, lays down that \"the Government of Japan concedes the right of the Chinese Government to enforce on articles manufactured by Japanese subjects in China such a tax as may seem expedient, provided that the same tax shall not differ from or exceed the tax paid by Chinese subjects,\" and on this Article, which reads more like the imposition of an excise tax than a customs duty, is based the claim of the Imperial Maritime Customs to levy export and coast-trade duties. On receipt of your despatch now under acknowledgment I called upon Mr. Hobson, Commissioner of Customs, who informed me that the amount levied on the cigarettes was the duty on local machine-made goods, and that he would look into the matter and give me details later. The same day he forwarded to me a Memorandum, copy of which I inclose.\n\nAt the time that Customs Order No. 601 was issued the British-American Tobacco Company's factory was undergoing reconstruction, and it was not until July of 1904 that the Company was again prepared to export cigarettes. It then found that the 5 per cent. duty was in force and had to be paid. Against this the Company vigorously protested, and a lengthy but fruitless correspondence took place between its Director and the Commissioner of Customs. The former thereupon forwarded copies of all the correspondence to His Majesty's Consul-General, who referred the matter to the Legation. The case was laid by Sir Ernest Satow before the Wai-wu Pu, and I inclose copy of Prince Ching's final reply of the 26th December, 1904, agreeing to the former's contention that duty should continue to be paid on the cigarettes at the rate of 4 m. 5 c. per picul, but while agreeing the Prince stated that \"the rule applicable to native products must be applied, that if, after payment of export duty, there is a re-entry into another port, coast-trade duty must be paid, and, if there is a further conveyance into the interior, customs dues must be paid at customs stations, and li-kin at li-kin stations.\" I inclose a copy of a letter from the British-American Tobacco Company accepting the above conditions. I take these conditions to mean that when the cigarettes have paid coast trade duty in a port—and coast trade duty is payable only once, however many ports are visited—en route to destination, they are not liable to any further taxation whatsoever in that port. After leaving the port they would of course be subject to such taxes as are legitimately leviable in the interior.\n\nMr. Fulford, in the third paragraph of his despatch, presumes that \"ordinary native goods conveyed from one Treaty port or mart to another by foreigners, for local consumption by the Chinese, are not entitled to exemption from further taxation beyond that of the Treaty Tariff, in the port of destination, at least when they have arrived in Chinese hands\"; but goods manufactured by foreigners in the open ports of China are not ordinary native goods, and the Treaty of Shimonoseki distinctly provides that such manufactured goods shall be treated as regards inland taxation on the same footing as foreign imports. The second paragraph of section 4 of Article VI of that Treaty lays down that \"All articles manufactured by Japanese subjects in China shall, in respect of inland transit and internal taxes, duties, charges, and exactions of all kinds, and also in respect of warehousing and storage facilities in the interior of China, stand upon the same footing and enjoy the same privileges and exemptions as merchandize imported by Japanese subjects into China.\" Foreign goods, no matter whether in the hands of foreigners or Chinese, are exempt from taxation in a port after payment of Tariff import duty, and the above section of the Shimonoseki Treaty places goods manufactured by foreigners in the open ports of China on the same footing. The framers of the Shimonoseki Treaty do not appear to have contemplated that goods manufactured by foreigners in China would be, as they are, exported to foreign countries and other Chinese ports; but when, in the latter case, they have satisfied the Imperial Maritime Customs by payment of export and coast trade duty, they should be exempt from further taxation in the port of such final duty payment, whether it is a sea, river, or inland port, and if inland and the goods have to be conveyed to it from another port by rail, there should be no railway transit taxes, for it may be taken for granted that the Chinese authorities are quite capable of exercising control over goods unloaded at stations between ports.\n\nI may add that I visited the factory of the British Cigarette Company in November last where cigarettes of pure American leaf were being turned out at the rate of 8,000,000 a day; that no suitable blend of American and Chinese tobaccos...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 411720, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "page_number": 220, "title": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "content_text": "## Inclosure 2 in No. 1\n### Consul-General Fulford to the Tartar General of Mukden\n\nMukden, February 23, 1907.\n\nON the 6th instant I had the honour to address your Excellency with reference to the area of the Treaty marts in Manchuria.\n\nI have now the honour to inform you that I have received a despatch from His Majesty's Minister at Peking, communicating to me a despatch from His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to the effect that His Majesty's Government cannot agree with the desire of the Chinese Government to restrict Treaty port limits to the actual area occupied by foreign residence. In the view of His Majesty's Government, the term \"Treaty port,\" no matter how any particular port may have been opened, must in all cases be held to include the city and the waterway giving access thereto, together with any roads connecting such waterway with the city.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) **H. E. FULFORD**.\n\n## 2\n\nfrom Newchwang to the Chinese agents of the firm in Mukden. I claimed that the sugar should not pay consumption tax in Mukden, and alluded to the freedom of other foreign firms—British, American, German, and Japanese—from taxation under similar circumstances; the only difference being that the other firms have foreign employés in Mukden.\n\nThe Chinese authorities would not admit that the other firms did not pay the tax. In fact, they asserted that all these firms, except the Japanese, who evaded payment for the present under the plea of the goods being military supplies for their Army of Occupation, paid consumption tax. It was then evident to me that while the Chinese would not openly admit that foreigners were not paying the tax, for fear that they thereby admitted the principle that the whole of the town was open to foreign trade, they would not attempt to force the foreigners to pay. I advised Messrs. Butterfield and Swire accordingly to follow the example of the other firms and refuse to pay the tax. They took my advice, and there has been no further trouble.\n\nA similar situation prevails in Tiehling, though the tax officers there have been more exacting than those at Mukden. The British American Tobacco Company intend to refuse to pay the consumption tax upon their tobacco in that town also.\n\nThe German Consul informs me that in the case of Liao Yang, which is to be an open port, but has not yet been declared open by the Chinese, he had lately occasion to protest to the Tartar General against the levy of consumption tax from German merchants, while the Japanese merchants escaped payment. The Tartar General replied that the Japanese were doing wrong in not paying, and that the Germans should not follow a bad example. The German Consul, however, informed him that as the Japanese did not pay, he should advise German merchants also to refuse to pay.\n\nSir,\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) **H. E. FULFORD**.\n\n## (Translation)\n### Inclosure 3 in No. 1\n#### Proclamation by the Head Office of the Mukden Police\n\nWHEREAS the lease or sale of Chinese subjects' houses to foreigners is an international affair, and one which comes within the duty of this office to control; and whereas of late, when Chinese have rented their houses, they have not reported the matter to this office, and we hear that worthless characters, seeing that foreigners are not acquainted with Chinese Government restrictions and regulations, have led them into swindling conspiracies, with the result of frequent legal proceedings.\n\nIt is therefore expedient to at once issue a Proclamation, and we hereby order all classes of people to take note that henceforth, in every case in which a Chinese subject sells or lets house property to a foreigner, he must, as a preliminary step, come to this office and report the matter. He must then wait until this office sends a deputy to make investigations and report, after which, if permission be granted, he may proceed to enter into an Agreement.\n\nNo Chinese subject must presume to make any private arrangements for renting or selling. Should any dare to disobey, he will, upon detection, be surely punished without mercy. Most important. Do not disobey. A special Proclamation. February 20, 1907.\n\n## Inclosure 4 in No. 1\n### Consul-General Fulford to the Tartar General of Mukden\n\nMukden, March 14, 1907.\n\nI HAVE the honour to call your Excellency's attention to a Proclamation issued by the Police authorities of Mukden on the 20th February, to the effect that any Chinese desiring to sell or lease land or buildings to foreigners must report the matter in the first instance to the Police authorities, and await their sanction before entering into contracts of the nature mentioned.\n\nI beg to remind your Excellency that in the XIIth Article of the American Treaty of 1858 it is stipulated that \"citizens of the United States residing or sojourning at any of the ports open to foreign commerce shall be permitted to rent houses and places of business, or hire sites on which they can themselves build houses, &c. The parties interested can fix the rent by mutual and equitable agreement, nor shall the local authorities interfere.\n\nAgain, the XIth Article of the British Treaty of 1858 provides that British subjects are permitted to carry on trade with whomsoever they please, and to reside and rent houses and land as they desire at the open ports.\n\nThe other Treaty Powers have in their Treaties with China similar provisions, which it is not necessary to quote.\n\nThe Proclamation under consideration is of an obstructive nature, opposed to Treaty stipulations, and is a distinct hindrance to the freedom of my nationals to acquire lands and houses in an open port. I cannot acquiesce in such procedure, and must request your Excellency to give instructions for the withdrawal of the Proclamation, and to favour me with a reply.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) **H. E. FULFORD**. \n219", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 412805, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "page_number": 565, "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "content_text": "**(This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.)**\n\n# CHINA TRADE\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n`[41423]`\n\n## No. 1\n\n[December 18]\n\n### SECTION 1\n\nSir,\n\nBoard of Trade to Foreign Office.—(Received December 18.)\n\nBoard of Trade, December 17, 1907.\n\nI AM directed by the Board of Trade to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 4th instant with regard to the railway rates to stations on the Manchurian Railway from Newchwang and Dalny respectively.\n\nThe Board note that the rates quoted in your letter (which are those for goods of the second class carried in whole car-loads) from these ports to Mukden, viz., 560 and 625 sen per too, are equivalent to 49 sen and 2.5 sen per ton respectively per mile to that point. They also note that, if contrary to the usual railway practice, the same rates per ton per mile were charged to stations further up the line, the rates to Kwangchentze would be considerably greater from Newchwang than from Dalny. I am, however, to point out that, although in the Table of rates which formed a Sub-Inclosure to your letter of the 8th October no rates are given so far as Kwangchentze, the rates are stated for several stations beyond Mukden, and that for stations from Tiebling onwards the rates from Newchwang and Dalny are almost absolutely identical. They think, therefore, that it is probable that there is a similar identity in the rates to Kwangchentze, and they would in any case suggest, for Sir E. Grey's consideration, that it would be desirable before considering whether there is any ground for further action in this case, that at least the rates per ton for goods of the second class carried in whole car-loads from Dalny and Newchwang to Kwangchentze, should be ascertained by cable.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed) \n**GEO. J. STANLEY**\n\n`[2765 s--~)`\n\nPage 501", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 415771, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 466, "title": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "2\n\nI have, therefore, the honour to forward a set of these experimental Rules issued by the Revenue Council, and to request your Excellency to issue instructions for their observance.\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nI avail, &c.\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nགྲྭ\n\nCHINA TRADE.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[41897]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n463-\n\n5508\n\n[December 23]\n\nSECTION 2.\n\nJ4 FEE OS\n\nProvisional Regulations for the Transport of Foreign or Native Goods to the newly opened Ports of Manchuria.\n\n(Translation.)\n\nALL foreign goods on which import duty has been paid at Tien-tsin, Newchwang, Antung, or Tairen, or native goods on which coast trade half-duty has been paid, unless they are to be transported into the interior either under Inward Transit Pass or paying duty and li-kin at custom-houses or barriers en route at the option of the merchant, and as provided by the Rules hitherto in force, if intended for transport by whatever means of conveyance to the newly opened ports in Manchuria, may be provided with a special certificate exempting them from further charges. Such special certificates shall be stamped in accordance with the Regulations, and shall be surrendered within two months. On every application for such special certificates shall be stated over the signature of the applicant the name of the port of destination, and that unless proof of the arrival of the goods at the port of destination is produced within the time allowed at custom-house where the application was made, three times the half-duty shall be paid. An annual bond may be executed in the same terms and deposited with the Customs, to save the inconvenience of executing a bond on every occasion. In the case of foreign merchants the bond shall be sealed by the Consul, and in the case of Chinese by the Customs. Any one who has not executed an annual bond must put in a signed application on each occasion.\n\nForms for bonds and applications shall be fixed by the Customs.\n\n2. Goods transported under special certificate to the newly opened ports of Manchuria, in order to be in order, must correspond with the description of them given in the application. If they do not so correspond, they shall be regarded as having no special certificate, and besides the penalty of three times the half-duty on the entire quantity due at the custom-house where the application was made, the goods shall be liable to confiscation on arrival at the port of destination.\n\n(No. 262.) Sir,\n\nSir C. MacDonald to Sir Edward Grey.--(Received December 23.)\n\nTokió, November 20, 1907. WITH reference to your despatch No. 175 of the 26th August, and my despatch No. 239 of the 28th October last, on the subject of the alleged discrimination in railway rates on the South Manchurian Railway in favour of Dairen at the expense of Newchwang, I have the honour to transmit copy of a despatch from the British Vice-Consul at Dairen, to whom your despatch No. 175 was referred.\n\nIt will be observed that Mr. Parlett states that no outward discrimination can be said to exist since the Manchurian Railway Company took over the line from the military authorities. It is true, however, as previously reported, that Dairen is in a much more favoured position with regard to Newchwang than would be the case if freights were strictly regulated by mileage.\n\n(No. 81.) Sir,\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nCLAUDE M. MACDONALD.\n\nInclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nVice-Consul Parlett to Sir C. MacDonald.\n\nDairen, November 13, 1907. I HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency's despatch No. 20 of the 31st October, with inclosure in original.\n\nThe China Association, in its letter of the 25th June to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, is alluding presumably to the conditions which existed while the South Manchurian Railway was still in the hands of the military authorities. The Japanese themselves confess that Dairen was then favoured at the expense of Newchwang, but when the present Railway Company took possession of the line, and put into force its own freight tariff, a translation of which was inclosed in my despatch No. 34 of the 25th June, this system of discrimination, outwardly, at all events, ceased.\n\nFor the convenience of the Foreign Office and of your Excellency, I have the honour to forward herewith a fresh translation of the table of charges for whole cars. It differs from the first only in being slightly fuller, more easily read, and in having the names of stations written with their Chinese instead of their Japanese pronunciation--the latter having been abandoned by the Railway Company.\n\nA cursory glance will show that as far as Hsintaitsu, which is a short distance beyond Mukden (Fengtien), there is an advantage, though not so great as the mileage would warrant, in favour of Newchwang (Yinkow). From Tiehling northwards to Kwangchengtzu, the terminus, the tariff is exactly the same for both ports.\n\nOnly in the case of goods not sent by car-load is the freight calculated by distance, and then the advantage--an unimportant one, because no appreciable amount of merchandize is likely to travel in that manner--is in favour of Newchwang.\n\nIt will thus be seen that the statement made in the China Association's letter, to the effect that beyond Mukden everything was in favour of Dairen, is no longer correct.\n\nI shall make it my duty to watch carefully for evidence of any action on the part of the railway savouring of partiality.\n\n[2765 -2]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 415772, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 467, "title": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "## The following despatches are returned herewith:-\n\nForeign Office, No. 175; Peking, No. 274; China Association, June 25; Foreign Office to Board of Trade, July 10; Board of Trade to Foreign Office, August 13; Foreign Office to Board of Trade, August 28, 1907.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) **HAROLD G. PARLETT**,\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\n(Translation.)\n\n### TABLE of Freight Charges for whole Cars.\n\n| Station | From and to Dairen | | | From and to Yinkow | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | 1st Class, Yen per ton | 2nd Class, Yen per ton | 3rd Class, Yen per ton | 1st Class, Yen per ton | 2nd Class, Yen per ton | 3rd Class, Yen per ton |\n| Talien Choushuitzn | 6.30 | 4.50 | 3.28 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 0.36 |\n| Nankwanling | 6.13 | 4.38 | 3.14 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 0.36 |\n| Tafangshen | 5.95 | 4.25 | 3.05 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 0.36 |\n| Chinchou | 5.78 | 4.13 | 2.96 | ... | ... | ... |\n| Saushilipu | ... | ... | ... | 0.88 | 0.63 | 0.45 |\n| Puliantien | 5.60 | 4.00 | 2.87 | 1.23 | 0.88 | 0.63 |\n| Wafangtien.. | 5.08 | 3.63 | 2.60 | 1.75 | 1.25 | 0.90 |\n| Teliszu | 4.73 | 3.38 | 2.42 | 2.28 | 1.68 | 1.17 |\n| Wanchialing | 4.03 | 2.88 | 2.06 | 2.80 | 2.00 | 1.44 |\n| Hsiung Yueching | 3.68 | 2.63 | 1.88 | 3.33 | 2.38 | 1.71 |\n| Kaiping | 3.15 | 2.25 | 1.61 | 4.03 | 2.98 | 2.07 |\n| Tashichiao.. | 2.45 | 1.75 | 1.25 | 4.55 | 3.25 | 2.34 |\n| Haicheng | 1.75 | 1.25 | 0.89 | 5.25 | 3.75 | 2.70 |\n| Tangkangtzu | 1.40 | 1.00 | 0.70 | 5.95 | 4.25 | 3.06 |\n| Aachangchang | 2.45 | 1.75 | 1.23 | 6.48 | 4.63 | 3.33 |\n| Liaoyang | 3.50 | 2.50 | 1.75 | 6.65 | 4.75 | 3.42 |\n| Changtaitzu.. | 3.85 | 2.75 | 1.93 | 7.35 | 5.25 | 3.78 |\n| Yentai | 5.25 | 3.75 | 2.63 | 7.53 | 5.38 | 3.87 |\n| Suchiatan | 5.60 | 4.00 | 2.80 | 7.88 | 5.63 | 4.05 |\n| Fengtien (Mukden) | 6.30 | 4.50 | 3.15 | 8.40 | 6.00 | 4.32 |\n| Hushitai | 7.30 | 5.20 | 3.65 | 8.75 | 6.25 | 4.50 |\n| Hsintaitzu | 7.90 | 5.60 | 3.95 | 9.10 | 6.50 | 4.68 |\n| Tiebling | 8.50 | 6.00 | 4.25 | 9.63 | 6.88 | 4.95 |\n| Kaiyuan | 9.40 | 6.60 | 4.70 | 10.60 | 7.40 | 5.30 |\n| Changtu | 10.60 | 7.40 | 5.30 | 11.45 | 7.98 | 5.73 |\n| Shuangmiaotzu | 11.45 | 7.96 | 5.73 | 12.22 | 8.46 | 6.11 |\n| Szupingchieh | 12.22 | 8.46 | 6.11 | 12.65 | 8.74 | 6.33 |\n| Kuociaten | 12.65 | 8.74 | 6.32 | 13.03 | 8.98 | 6.52 |\n| Kangohuling | 13.03 | 8.98 | 6.51 | 13.60 | 9.35 | 6.80 |\n| Fanchiatung | 13.60 | 9.35 | 6.80 | 13.86 | 9.52 | 6.93 |\n| Mengchiatung | 13.86 | 9.51 | 6.93 | 14.30 | 9.80 | 7.15 |\n| Changchung | 14.30 | 9.80 | 7.16 | 14.44 | 9.88 | 7.22 |\n| Kwangchengtzu | 14.44 | 9.88 | 7.22 | 14.49 | 9.91 | 7.24 |\n| Yingchengtzu | 14.49 | 9.91 | 7.24 | 14.52 | 9.93 | 7.25 |\n| Lushun (Port Arthur) | 14.52 | 9.93 | 7.25 | 0.88 | 0.63 | 0.45 |\n| Yinkow | 0.70 | 0.50 | 0.36 | 6.48 | 4.73 | 3.32 |\n| Hsienchi Chai | 7.00 | 5.10 | 3.59 | 9.63 | 6.88 | 4.95 |\n| Fushun | 9.63 | 6.88 | 4.95 | 9.40 | 6.60 | 4.70 |\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n**CHINA TRADE, CONFIDENTIAL, [1043]**\n\n## No. 1.\n\n### Foreign Office to Board of Trade, [January 15.]\n\n## SECTION 2.\n\nSir,\n\nForeign Office, January 15, 1908.\n\nWITH reference to the letter from this Department of the 25th November, 1907, I am directed by Secretary Sir E. Grey to transmit to you, to be laid before the Board of Trade, a copy of a despatch from His Majesty's Minister at Peking on the subject of the proposed Chinese Regulations for the registration of trade-marks.\n\nThis matter is not being pursued at present, pending the conclusion of an Arrangement with Japan for the mutual protection of British and Japanese trade-marks in China.\n\nAs you are aware, a draft Convention has been put forward by the Japanese Government in this latter connection, but, pending the receipt of the Board's observations thereon in reply to the letter from this Department of the 6th ultimo, no answer has been returned to the Japanese Government.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed) **F. A. CAMPBELL**.\n\n*Sir J. Jordan, No. 551, November 26, 1907.* \n\nPage 464", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416099, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 264, "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "261\n\nwork is done. The Fushun line, having originally only been laid down for temporary use, required absolute relaying.\n\nThe work of making embankments, bridges, and earthworks generally commenced in the middle of August, the line for this purpose being divided into three sections.\n\nWith the receipt of the 5 m. 14 ch. south of Kwangchengtzu the work of converting the existing track to narrow gauge was taken in hand at once. A temporary station of Changchun (Hsi-Kwancheugtzu) was established at the same time at a point on the line 437 m. 17 ch. distant from Dairen, while a branch line was laid to the town of Changchun proper from a point on the line distant 435 m. 2 ch. from Dairen. The earthworks, &c., on this particular part are finished, and part of the new track has been laid.\n\nIn the meanwhile, at Dairen itself arrangements were being made for laying down broad-gauge trucks for the reception of the newly-arriving locomotives and cars. In addition, sheds were erected for their storage not only at Dairen, but also at Liaoyang and Tichling. Work in connection with the installation of new signal boxes, &c., was also started at all stations, and alterations made in the latter according to their relative importance.\n\nMulden-Antung Line.--Alterations were made in nine stations and temporary platforms were in places lengthened.\n\nLocomotives and Cars.\n\nThe following are the details of the locomotives and cars put together during the period under review :—\n\n \n Classification.\n Broad Gauge,\n Narrow Gauge,\n Total\n \n \n Locomotives\n \n 8\n 8\n \n \n Gondola cars..\n 181\n \n 181\n \n \n Flat cars\n 21\n \n 21\n \n \n Caboose cars\n 5\n \n 5\n \n \n Total\n 218\n 10\n \n \n \n Special passenger cars\n \n 6\n 6\n \n \n 2nd class cars\n \n A\n \n \n \n 3rd class cars\n \n \n \n \n \n Goods cars\n \n 25\n 25\n \n \n Grand total\n \n \n 248\n \n \n \n 5\n \n \n \n\nHarbours, Bays, &c.\n\nThe survey of the harbour of Dairen was started on the 29th June, 1907, the total area under consideration being 8,200 yards by 1,500 yards.\n\nOf this 6,600 yards by 1,500 yards are completed.\n\nFor purposes of examination of the sea bottom, the area between the wharf inside the breakwater and the Chinese town was divided into 100 sections approximately. Work was started in July, and on forty sections has been concluded.\n\nWharves, &c.\n\nRepairs have been made in the sea wall of the Dairen wharf, fenders placed for the protection of ships, and the rail tracks for the transportation of merchandize increased. When the Company came into possession nine sheds were taken over, three new ones, covering an area of 1,064 \"tsubo,\" have been built, and still five are in course of construction.\n\nWorkshops.\n\nWorkshops have been established at Dairen, Liaoyang, Kunshuling, and at Antung. The one at Dairen attends to shipping repairs, and takes outside orders in addition to the regular railway work.\n\nUnder this heading the most noteworthy features are the erection of a new shop at Dairen, and the enlargement of that at Liaoyang by 273 \"tsubo.\" A new carpenter's shop has also been built at the latter place, while at Kunshuling there is a new forge covering 123 \"tsubo.\"\n\nHotels.\n\nAt Dairen the most suitable building for the purpose among those in our possession was converted into an hotel, and opened to business on the 1st August. Besides this, hotels are either in course of erection or under consideration at Port Arthur, Changchun, and Mukden.\n\nBuildings.\n\nAbout 5,000 buildings, covering an area of 220,000 \"tsubo,\" came into possession of the Company with the railway. Repairs and additions for office purposes, and for quarters for the employés of the railway, were everywhere necessary.\n\nThe following are the chief items of repairs or alterations :--\n\n \n Offices repaired\n 53\n \n \n enlarged\n 8 (150 \"tsubo\")\n \n \n Quarters repaired\n 441\n \n \n Annexes enlarged\n 56 (264 \"tsubo\")\n \n\nElectric Enterprises.\n\nThe number of poles for communication purposes taken over by the Company on the main line was 5,974, on the branch lines 1,020, with 2,181 miles of wires laid and 283 installations in existence.\n\nIn Dairen the Company also took over an electric light plant with its accessories. The following shows the principal items of work done under this heading during the period under review :-\n\n1. Repairing of telephone call offices.\n\n2. 1,814 poles were erected between Suchiatun and Hsienchinchai (34 m. 10 ch.).\n\n3. The work of laying new wires between Tiehling and Szupingchieh (72 m. 72 ch.) and Szupingchieh and Menchiatun (66 m. 18 ch.) was taken in hand, 1,398 poles being erected. In addition, 482 miles of wire were laid along the main line in various localities and installations placed at sixty-three localities. Surveys were also completed over 183 miles.\n\nFinally, arrangements have been made for the supply of electric light in Dairen.\n\nRepairs have also been made at the main office at Dairen, as well as at stations along the line as far as Tashichiao.\n\nLocal Enterprises.\n\nIn addition to the changes referred to in the Settlers' Assemblies, mentioned in the opening remarks of the President of the Company, surveys have been made at Changchun, Kunshuling, Tiehling, Liaoyang, Tashichiao, Wanchienling, Wafangtien, and Dairen.\n\nAt the latter place repairs to roads, drains, &c., have been executed.\n\nAn hospital has been opened at Dairen, with a branch at Hsienchinchai and agencies at Wafangtien, Tashichiao, Liaoyang, Mukden, Tiehling, Kunshuling, Antung, and Tsaohokou. There are also nursing stations at Shichiaotzu and Chikwauchan. Suitable precautions have been likewise taken in matters relating to sanitation.\n\nSchools.\n\nSuitable assistance has been rendered to the Settlers' Assemblies at Wafangtien and Liaoyang, with the result that elementary schools have been opened at those two places. Further developments in this direction may be expected.\n\n[2880 g-1]\n\n0\n\nnaye མ\"\n\n1", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416102, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 267, "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "The following is a Table of fees levied on shipping :-\n\n \n Month.\n Number of Ships.\n Tonnage.\n Fees.\n \n \n April\n 86\n 124,401\n £953\n \n \n May\n 101\n 131,256\n 1,080\n \n \n June\n 98\n 126,523\n 1,778\n \n \n July\n 94\n 116,096\n 1,416\n \n \n August\n 73\n 115,442\n 1,859\n \n \n September\n 58\n 106,219\n 2,100\n \n \n Total\n 510\n 749,937\n 9,185\n \n\nDuring this period 7,334 tons of water were supplied to shipping at a rate of 21/7.\n\n \n Repairs to Ships.\n \n \n \n Docked.\n Not Docked.\n \n \n Number.\n \n \n \n \n Company's ships..\n 4\n 10\n \n \n Other ships\n 13\n 24\n \n \n Tons.\n \n \n \n \n \n 626 4,600\n 318 32,005\n \n \n Total\n 17 5,235\n 34 32,418\n \n\nHotels.\n\nHotel receipts at Dairen during the months of September and October amounted to £1,645, the number of guests stopping at the hotel during this period being 125.\n\nLand and Buildings in Local Settlements.\n\nLand actually determined as being part of the Company's property :-\n\n \n Locality.\n Area (\"Tsubo.\")\n \n \n Inside leased territory\n 6,580,252\n \n \n Outside leased territory\n 42,807,068\n \n \n Antung\n 1,522,350\n \n \n Total\n 50,909,670\n \n\nHouses and buildings actually determined as being part of the Company's property:-\n\n \n Locality.\n Number.\n Area (\"Tsubo.\")\n \n \n Inside leased territory\n 1,206\n 52,082\n \n \n Outside leased territory\n 3,481\n 156,522\n \n \n Stations along Antung-Mukden line\n 294\n 5,783\n \n \n Total\n 4,981\n 214,282\n \n\n \n \n Land Let.\n \n \n \n \n Administrative Area,\n Number of Localities.\n Area.\n Rent.\n \n \n Direct\n 100\n 489,225 \"Tsubo.\"\n £29\n \n \n Tashichiso\n 21\n 2,456,949\n 899\n \n \n Liaoyang\n 1\n 60,000\n 11\n \n \n Mukden\n 14\n 1,521,579\n 172\n \n \n Tickling\n 4\n 27\n ...\n \n \n Kunshuling\n 27\n 731,080\n 847,429\n \n \n Antung\n 51\n 519\n 106\n \n \n Total\n 277\n 7,228,084\n 1,857\n \n\n \n Miscellaneous-\n \n \n \n \n \n Number.\n Area (\"Tsubo.\")\n \n \n \n Direct\n 3\n 17,565\n \n \n \n Tashichian\n 6\n 94,770\n 23\n \n \n Liaoyang\n 4\n 30,000\n 100\n \n \n Mukden\n ...\n 250\n 2\n \n \n Tiehling\n \n \n \n \n \n Kunshuling\n \n \n \n \n \n Antung\n \n \n \n \n \n Total\n 13\n 142,585\n 131\n \n \n Grand total\n 302\n 7,420,146\n 2,119\n \n\n \n Buildings Let.\n \n \n \n \n \n Administrative Area.\n Number.\n Area (\"Tsubo.\")\n Rent.\n \n \n Direct\n 4\n 109\n £34\n \n \n Toshichino\n 270\n 5,187\n 192\n \n \n Liaoyang\n 100\n 2,886\n 288\n \n \n Mukden\n 19\n 140\n 8\n \n \n Tichling\n 267\n 12\n 4\n \n \n Kunshuling\n 200\n 71\n 11\n \n \n Artung\n 391\n 2\n 8\n \n \n Total\n 618\n 8,790\n \n \n\nWorkshops.--Details of Repairs executed.\n\n \n Class.\n Dairen.\n Liaoyang, Kunshuling, Antung,\n Total.\n \n \n Locomotives\n 58\n 35 1 11\n 105\n \n \n Passenger ears\n 161\n 10 57\n 228\n \n \n Freight cars\n 1,543\n 123 28 503\n 2,580\n \n \n Total\n 1,762\n 163 29 671\n 2,530\n \n \n \n \n 264\n \n \n\nBesides this, various appliances for the Company's own use were repaired, and a certain number of outside orders executed.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416155, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 320, "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "price. Granted, however, that in this direction Dairen merchants are suffering loss, it has to be remembered, though this would naturally not appeal to them, that the purchaser in Japan enjoys a corresponding gain. As to other merchandise, it is, at least, doubtful if any great harm has been, or could be for some time, done, though I believe a small quantity of Russian \"prints\" do find their way across the frontier.\n\nThere remains the second cause for complaint, defects in the administration of the Dairen Customs office itself. Of these, one of the chief, it is alleged, is the rigorous examination to which all goods, irrespective of their place of origin or destination, are subjected. The defect is a real one. It is to collect duty on rail-borne produce, not on sea-borne, that the Dairen customs were established, and, as in the case of goods coming from or going oversea, examination is, or should be, mainly for statistical purposes, it is to be regretted that some system less inconvenient to the public than that at present in force cannot be evolved. This point, together with that of the time consumed in complying with formalities, has already been alluded to in the inclosure to my despatch aforementioned. There are other reasons for dissatisfaction; but they do not appear to be of vital importance. The \"Manshu Nichi Nichi,\" for instance, adduces the case of \"dangerous articles\" which, it asserts, cannot now be imported without the special permission of the Chinese Government, to obtain which involves formalities both lengthy and onerous; but, as similar Regulations are in force in other ports, it is difficult to see how people here can hope to be exempted from a rule which is of universal application.\n\nThe \"Ryoto Shimpo\" draws attention (as another shortcoming) to the customs system of levying duty on articles sent by parcels post. A translation of its remarks on the subject, I have the honour to append. There is admittedly justice in them, the customs procedure in this respect having given dissatisfaction in other ports besides Dairen; but the question is, I believe, not by any means an important one.\n\nCareful examination of the papers has not brought to light any other tangible grounds for dissatisfaction, so that the two cardinal points would seem to be—\n\n1. The non-establishment of the customs on the Russian frontier, and\n\n2. The vexatious delays and formalities inflicted on merchants at Dairen.\n\nThe steps taken by the agitators to bring their views to the notice of the authorities are briefly as follows:—\n\nAt the end of January, a meeting took place of the sympathizers with the present movement, when, in addition to members of the Dairen merchant community, there were present representatives from Tiehling and Port Arthur, Mukden having decided to take independent action. The resolution, of which a translation is inclosed, was put before the meeting, and, a rider to the effect that \"all duties already paid should be refunded\" having been added, the two were carried unanimously. Committees for ordinary purposes and for the investigation of the present customs system and its defects were nominated, and two representatives were chosen to proceed to Tôkiô and lay the merchants' case before the Cabinet and the two Houses of the Diet. Petitions were also subsequently sent to the Governor-General of the leased territory, while Mr. Nakamura, the Chief Civil Administrator, who is now in Japan, is reported to have promised before his departure to bring the matter to the notice of the Minister for Foreign Affairs.\n\nIt will be noticed that there is no mention anywhere of Newchwang, though it presumably has suffered too by the failure of the Chinese Government to establish customs stations in North Manchuria.\n\nWhat or who is at the bottom of this agitation it is at present impossible to ascertain with certainty. Judging from the case as presented by the journals in sympathy with the agitators, one is forced to the conclusion that the agitation itself is to a certain extent fictitious; but that, as the Commissioner of Customs seems to believe, it is fomented by one person, a former employé of the Japanese Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, with the sole object of bringing his name before the public, appears somewhat doubtful. I am rather of opinion, though I offer this explanation with diffidence, that resentment at the presence in Dairen of Chinese officials in any shape is the first cause of the present movement. Realizing, however, in their own minds the hopelessness of obtaining the permanent abolition of the customs, the promoters aim actually, and quite apart from the redress of real grievances, at a large curtailment of Mr. Kurosawa's powers and a drastic modification of the Customs Regulations when the latter, which, as your Excellency is aware, are only provisional, are submitted to revision.\n\nIn choosing for the initiation of their agitation the moment when the Diet is in session, they probably assume that no time could be more favourable for the successful stirring up of public opinion and the consequent furthering of their designs.\n\nAs an example of the tone in which the majority of the newspaper comments on this subject have been couched, I have the honour to inclose a translation of a paragraph from the \"Manshu Nichi Nichi\" on the establishment of a Customs Inspection Station at Port Arthur.\n\nThe statements made in the Japan papers during the last few days that the Chinese customs are now actually working in the north are received here with incredulity.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed) HAROLD E. PARLETT.\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nExtract from the \"Manshu Nichi Nichi Shimbun.”\n\nTHE INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY IN THE DAIREN CUSTOMS.\n\n(Translation.)\n\nIT is only since it has come to the knowledge of the general public that the Chinese customs in North Manchuria are not yet organized that the voice of dissatisfaction has become loud. In consenting to the establishment within the leased territory of Chinese custom-houses, our Government was influenced by a friendly spirit of concession to China; but it goes without saying that a condition of this concession was the simultaneous establishment in North Manchuria of similar establishments, equality of treatment being thus assured. In other words, on the principle of equal opportunity, it was guaranteed that there should be not the slightest difference in the treatment commercially of subjects of Japan or of Russia. Half-a-year has passed since the Dairen customs were established, and the levying of duties is in full swing here; but at Manchuria and Sungari so miserable is the organization of the Chinese customs that Hence it is the merchandise coming in through that district does so still duty-free. that both merchants and merchandise in South Manchuria are subjected to a very grievous disadvantage, certain of the goods in which traders in this part are being quite unable to compete with the Russian article.\n\nConsider, for instance, tobacco; only when it has paid the required duty to the Russian Chinese customs can Japanese tobacco destined for Manchuria be sent on. Russian tobacco, on the other hand, pays not a penny of duty, comes south over the border, competes along the railway line with our goods, and finally reaches Dairen to endeavour to overthrow us at our very base. Is not this so?\n\nOr consider again beans and bean-cake: Is it not a fact that the articles of this kind which pass through Vladivostock are, notwithstanding the extra freight, sold in Japan at so low a rate that they are in process of completely overthrowing similar articles exported from Dairen?\n\nIt is a fact, in the first place, that the result of the non-establishment of a custom-house at Manchuria is that Japanese imports into Manchuria are thrown into an exceedingly disadvantageous position; and, in the second, though the reasons for this are somewhat complicated, that exports to Japan via Dairen must, because there is no custom-house at Sungari, in Japan itself wage a bitter fight for themselves. If this goes on, it will be difficult to prevent other articles of import or export following the example of tobacco, beans, and bean-cake. For ourselves, we entertain the gloomiest forebodings for the future of Japanese trade with Manchuria. In the north, there is laxity only; in the south, a rigid strictness. By no manner of means can the attitude of the Chinese position be considered an equitable one. To solve the difficulty in accordance, on the one hand, with the friendly action of Japan, which, fully respecting the great principle of promoting friendliness between the two nations, consented to the establishment of a custom-house at Dairen; on the other, in accordance with the principles of equal opportunity between north and south, which principles China proclaims as her own, we would suggest that the least China can do to fulfil her obligations is as follows:—\n\n1. To postpone the levying of duty on goods in South Manchuria until such time as the custom-houses in North Manchuria are organized.\n\n2. To refund all duties which have so far been paid.\n\n(2889 q-2)\n\nB 2\n\n316", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416226, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 391, "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "14\n\nshall be made in the presence of the owner of the undertaking or his substitute, and, in case of their absence, before two witnesses.\n\n12. The verification and the writing of the Protocol shall not interfere with the proceeding of the trade or other work in the establishment; but if a trade or industrial establishment is conducted without a trading licence, and if during a month's time it shall not be procured, such establishment shall be immediately closed, about which Protocol in explanation shall be made in writing.\n\n13. The Protocol in regard to the infractions found shall be laid before the Administration of the railway not later than three days after it is written, or by the first mail, for the collection of the required payment by an administrative order.\n\n14. For any infraction of these obligatory Regulations, the guilty owners of trade and industrial establishments shall be subject, according to the nature of the infraction, to the payment of a fine not exceeding 100 roubles, or to arrest for one month.\n\nThese obligatory Regulations shall be enforced from the date of their publication.\n\nFor the Manager of the Railway,\n\n(Signed) B. GRONBCHEVSKY.\n\nJanuary 10 (23), 1908.\n\n15\n\nThe total holdings would therefore be:-\n\nAlong the main line, exclusive of Newchwang Along the Antung line Total..\n\nAcres.\n\n6,665 2,916 10,671\n\nThese so-called railway settlements are invariably situated between the railway line and the native cities served thereby, and at Tiehling I am informed the Japanese tract embraces all the desirable land between the city, the railway, and the Liao River.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) W. D. STRAIGHT, Consul-General.\n\nInclosure 9 in No. 1.\n\nMr. Straight to Mr. Fletcher.\n\nSir,\n\nFebruary 7, 1908.\n\nI HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of the Legation instruction of the 30th January, 1908, in which you direct me to report upon the location and extent of the territory of the South Manchurian Railway Company.\n\nIn reply to my inquiries, the Japanese Consul-General and Major Sato, the confidential aide of Baron Goto, have informed me that, while the boundaries of the so-called railway settlements are still the subject of negotiations with the Chinese authorities, the extent thereof is approximately as follows:-\n\nMukden Liaoyang Tieling Kungchuling Total\n\nAcres.\n\n1,666 1,250-1,666 1,250 2,083 6,665\n\nAt Kaiping, Tashihchiao, Haicheng, Anshantien, Kaiyuan, Changtu, and other minor stations along the railway, less extensive areas, aggregating about 3,332, are held by the Railway Company.\n\nThe tracts mentioned above were originally acquired by the Russian Chinese Eastern Railway. Japanese attempts to add thereto have provoked Chinese protests and are responsible for the present boundary disputes.\n\nAt Newchwang ground (area unstated) acquired by the Japanese Military Administration, shortly after the reinstatement of Chinese authority at that place, turned over to the South Manchuria Railway Company (see Mr. Pontius' despatch of the 23rd February, 1907, to the Legation).\n\nAt Kuanchengtzu over 1,000 acres have been pre-empted, and at Antung there are 2,916 acres held by the railway and by the Kuangtung Government. This tract has been nominally divided as follows: 972 acres for the exclusive use of the South Manchurian Railway Company, and 1,944 to be administered by the Consul for the Government of the Kuangtung leased territory (see my despatch of the 28th April, 1907).\n\nFor all practical purposes, however, this land may be considered railway territory, both by virtue of its present administration and in view of the Japanese assertion that in case China did not recognize the forcibly acquired land titles at Antung, the tract pre-empted would be considered to be a railway settlement, and would be held as such.\n\nAt Fengchuangcheng, Tsaohokou, Chiaotou, Pehchihu, and other points along the Mukden-Antung line, there are small holdings varying from 20 to 200 acres in extent, and aggregating, probably, about 1,000 acres.\n\n385\n\n43", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416349, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 514, "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "507\n\n2\n\nAs affecting Japanese internal administration the main interest of the scheme would appear to lie in the very great importance attached by the Japanese Government to the interests of the South Manchurian Railway Company and the development of their railway settlements under the aegis of the Kuantung Government.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed)\n\nR. WILLIS,\n\n3\n\nThe total holdings of the Russian Company are stated to amount to 8,733 acres only. The following comparative table will show the Japanese extensions at the principal stations:—\n\n \n Place\n Russian Holding\n Japanese Holding\n \n \n \n Acres\n Acres\n \n \n \n 923.3\n 1,666\n \n \n \n 926.6\n 1,666\n \n \n \n 842.3\n 1,250\n \n \n \n 61.6\n 2,083\n \n\n(Translation.)\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nExtract from the \"Manshu Nichi Nichi\" of January 16, 1908,\n\nADMINISTRATIVE REORGANIZATION.\n\nWE have already reported that as a result of the reorganization of the administration of the Kuantung Government-General, all our Consular representatives in Manchuria have been made business officials of that Government, and have also had placed under their control, in addition to the original Consular police, the police operating in the railway zone, thus uniting and unifying these two services. Formerly the separate status of the Consular and the railway police services not only resulted in a great deal of useless confusion in administration, but whenever a diplomatic question arose, it also caused no little embarrassment to the Chinese officials. Although the provisions of the China Eastern Railway Agreement entitled the Railway Company to administer public functions within the railway zone, and it was in pursuance of these provisions that the Government-General established and maintained a police service therein, the Chinese officials refused for some reason or other to recognize our right to take such action. During the administration of Chao Erh Sun, for example, he addressed us repeatedly written protests on the subject. At public receptions given by the Chinese officials at Mukden, although our leading representatives, such as the Consul and the members of the railway staff were always invited, special care seemed to be taken to omit from the list of guests the Chief of the Railway Police. After the assumption of office by Viceroy Hsu, although the Consul succeeded in getting his practical recognition of the status of the railway police office, he showed a persistent tendency to ignore it in principle. Although before the war along the Chinese Eastern Railway and since the war in Northern Manchuria, Chinese police have been permitted to function side by side with Russian police inside the railway zone, this has not been allowed along the South Manchurian Railway, and the Chinese have unceasingly used this fact as a lever to insist in the right to enforce their own control. Now, however, that the Consular representatives have become also business officials of the Government-General, and have been given control of the railway police, thus effecting a practical unification of the police services, not only should their administration become greatly simplified, but great convenience should result to the Chinese in the treatment of diplomatic questions arising in connection therewith. Both Viceroy Hsu and Governor Tang, as well as Tao Taotai, have addressed inquiries to Consul-General Kato regarding the nature of the new administration, and have expressed great satisfaction with the reform.\n\nInclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nActing Consul-General Willis to Sir J. Jordan,\n\n(No. 25. Confidential.) Sir,\n\nMukden, March 7, 1908.\n\nWITH reference to my despatch No. 14 of the 17th ultimo, I have now the honour to submit the following additional information regarding the Railway Settlements of the South Manchurian Railway Company.\n\nI regret that I should have made a considerable error in computing the total amount of land claimed by the Railway Company. The figures in Baron Goto's Report show an area of 43,329,418 \"tsubo\" in the possession of the Company, exclusive of their holdings in the leased territory. A \"tsubo\" being reckoned at 36 square feet, this works out at 35,809 acres, instead of the 14,000 acres mentioned in my former Report.\n\n \n Mukden\n Liaoyang\n Tiehling\n Kung Chu Ling\n \n \n ::::\n \n \n \n \n\nAccording to a Confidential Memorandum supplied me by Taotai Tao, the Commissioner in charge of the Mukden Foreign Office, the Chinese authorities are in possession of maps which show clearly the extent of the original Russian holdings. The \"extensions\" now claimed by the Japanese Company have been in some cases purchased from private owners, in some cases simply annexed. At Liaoyang, Mr. Tao states, the whole of the territory between the station and the city wall has been taken without payment on the plea that it was in possession of the Russian military authorities. Commissioner adds that, with the sole exception of Ta Shih Ch'iao, there has been a considerable extension at every important station along the line.\n\nI inclose in translation a copy of a recent article published in the \"Manshu Nichi Nichi Shimbun,\" the official organ of the South Manchurian Railway Company, from which it would seem that the Company are conscious of some weakness in their title to these extensions.\n\nInclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed)\n\nR. WILLIS.\n\nExtract from the \"Manshu Nichi Nichi Shimbun\" of February 27, 1908.\n\nCHINESE PRIVATE LAND-HOLDINGS WITHIN THE JAPANESE RAILWAY ZONE.\n\n(Translation.)\n\nPRIVATE Chinese, claiming to own land within the Japanese Railway zone, have lately been demanding, through their authorities, that the Railway Company return it to them. Thus far about thirty applications have been received. It is doubted if the applicants have a real title to the land, or, expecting that the Railway Company might desire it for the construction of buildings in connection with its future administrative policy, wish to anticipate such action by securing the concession of conditions favourable to themselves, a method of self-interested scheming which might be suspected. Owing to the unreliability of the statements made in the applications a member of the Company was detailed to survey the boundaries of the land in question and determine the character of the Chinese claims. Although there are some claims which have a semblance of justice, most of them are extremely doubtful. As the title-deeds held by the South Manchurian Railway Company are in some cases defective, it may be necessary to apply to the Chinese Eastern Railway Company for a proof and confirmation of its rights. Should the Russian Company fail to lend its assistance towards a settlement of the question, there would seem to be no recourse but to submit it to negotiation with the Chinese authorities at Peking. Chinese have of late been greatly inclined to annoy us with false and unjust claims, and the trouble thus caused is to be regretted as being very detrimental to cordial international relations.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416415, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 580, "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "(No. 14.) Sir,\n\nInclosure 10 in No. 1.\n\nActing Consul-General Willis to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nMukden, February 17, 1908.\n\nWITH reference to Mr. Fulford's despatch No. 10, of the 27th February, 1907, I have the honour to forward the following Report on the present status of the Japanese railway Settlements along the main line of the South Manchurian Railway.\n\nIn September and October last the former Regulations were cancelled, and new orders, copies of which I inclose, in translation, were issued by the Railway Management.\n\nThe object of this change in railway policy can be seen from the following extract from a translation of a résumé of the speech made by Baron Goto, the President of the Company, at the recent general meeting of the shareholders of the Company:-\n\n\"When the railway came into possession of the local Settlements all matters connected with the sanitation, public works, education and public undertakings generally were under the control of so-called 'Settlers' Assemblies,' but in September the Railway Company issued new Regulations putting things on a firm and assured basis. In October branch offices of the Company were established at Mukden, Chang Chun, Liaoyang, and other important places to take over the functions of the Settlers' Assemblies. Thus the development of local Settlements is directly fostered, and we hope presently to mark in this direction progress proportionate to our hopes.\"\n\nAs to the extent of the Settlements, the official figures as given in Baron Goto's Report show a total of 50,389,416 \"tsubo\" of land in possession of the railway company, exclusive of their holdings in the leased territory. Taking the \"tsubo\" at 36 square feet, this works out approximately at 14,000 acres.\n\nFrom information given by the Japanese Consul-General and Major Sato, of the railway staff, to my American colleague, it appears that the following are the areas held at the more important stations:\n\n \n Mukden\n 1,666\n \n \n Liaoyang\n 1,666\n \n \n Tiehling\n 1,250\n \n \n Kung Chn Lin\n 2,088\n \n \n Kuanchengtze\n 1,000\n \n\nI am unable to state whether these figures give only the land originally taken over from the Russian Railway Administration, or include the extensions claimed by the Japanese Company, which have provoked protest from the Chinese authorities, and are still under discussion. I will attempt to supply information on this point later.\n\nThese Settlements are invariably placed between the railway line and the native city; at Tiehling, I am informed, the Settlement embraces all the desirable land between the town, the railway, and the Liao River.\n\nThat the Railway Administration is fully alive to the advantages of such positions may be further inferred from their refusal to allow the Chinese Northern Railway to cross their Settlement at Mukden with the view of bringing the Chinese station nearer the city.\n\nThe title of the Japanese Railway Administration to these Settlements, resting on Article VI of the Portsmouth Treaty is, I presume, ultimately based on the Agreement between the Chinese Government and the Russo-Chinese Bank of the 8th September, 1896. As I suggested in my despatch No. 9, Confidential, of the 11th instant, this instrument does not seem to have been framed to meet the possibility of the Eastern Chinese Railway Company claiming rights of territorial administration such as now seem to be advanced by both the Russian and Japanese Railway Managements.\n\nI have not thought it necessary to criticize the details of either the Russian or Japanese schemes. I submit, however, that the establishment of these railway Settlements on the terms proposed constitutes an infraction of the principle of the \"open door,\" and equal opportunities for all in Manchuria, to which both the Russian and Japanese Governments stand committed; and further, that they must prove, in the long run, a considerable obstacle to any future development of the commercial interests of the other Treaty Powers in the three eastern provinces.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) R. WILLIS.\n\nInclosure 11 in No. 1.\n\nRegulations governing Residence within the Territory belonging to the South Manchurian Railway Company.\n\nTHE South Manchurian Railway Company, with a view to promoting the common benefit and to developing Manchuria, will undertake the administration within the railway territory of public works, education, and sanitation, and to that end have enacted the following rules for the observance of those who shall reside or sojourn, hire land or buildings, or own buildings therein.\n\nNot only must such rules as the Company may enact for the common benefit be faithfully observed, but public virtue must be promoted, and no acts injurious to the general good shall be committed.\n\nSuch works of construction as the Company shall undertake shall be for the common benefit. The money expended for public enterprises shall be equally borne as a public expense. The rules governing public use, the classes of public expense, and their distribution shall be determined separately.\n\nThose who violate these Regulations or such rules as the Company shall enact may, if necessary, be expelled from the railway territory. Whenever necessary, the assistance of the police shall be requested for the enforcement of this provision.\n\nAll persons of whatever nationality shall receive like treatment within the railway territory, and shall at the same time be expected faithfully to observe these Regulations and co-operate for the common safety and benefit.\n\nInclosure 12 in No. 1.\n\nRules governing the Branch Offices of the South Manchurian Railway Company.\n\nARTICLE 1. The Company shall establish branches within the territory belonging to it. The designations, locations, and jurisdiction of such branch offices shall be published later.\n\nArt. 2. Each branch office shall have one Director and a number of assistants. The position of the Director shall be filled with either an Inspector or a Secretary, and those of assistants with either Secretaries or employés.\n\nWhen deemed necessary, in addition to the persons mentioned in the preceding paragraph, a number of artizans shall be appointed. These positions shall be filled with apprentice engineers.\n\nArt. 3. In cases of special necessity, assistants, in addition to those mentioned in the preceding Article, may be employed in the branch offices at the public expense.\n\nArt. 4. The Director shall, within the limits of his jurisdiction, administer the following affairs:\n\n1. Matters pertaining to the prevention of fires.\n\n2. Matters pertaining to the public works, education, and sanitation.\n\n3. Matters pertaining to the arrival and departure of residents.\n\n4. Matters pertaining to the administration of land, buildings, and works of construction.\n\n5. Matters pertaining to the preparation of the annual Budget and accounts, and to receipts and expenditure.\n\n6. Matters pertaining to the levying of taxes and fees, and to the collection of rental of land and buildings.\n\n7. Matters pertaining to agricultural and industrial production.\n\n8. Matters pertaining to capital and property.\n\n9. All other matters which the Company may especially order him to administer.\n\n[2921 -3]\n\nD\n\nPage 573", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416802, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 129, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n0.\n\n25781 [July:1.]\n\n126\n\nCHINA TRADE.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[22611]\n\nNo. 1.\n\nSECTION 2.\n\n16 JUL 18\n\n(No. 264.) Sir,\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received July 1.)\n\nPeking, June 10, 1908.\n\nI HAVE the honour to inclose copies of correspondence regarding a case of fraudulent imitation by a Japanese firm of the trade-mark of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire. From this it will be seen that an employé of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire, whilst at Tielling in Manchuria on the 2nd May, learnt that sugar purporting to be from his firm's refinery in Hong Kong, was being sold by a Japanese. On further inquiry, he found that the sugar was put up in bags of smaller weight than those packed at the Hong Kong refinery, and that the quality was far inferior. A bag of this sugar was purchased from the Japanese firm, and a receipt was obtained declaring the sugar to be from Messrs. Butterfield and Swire's refinery.\n\nHis Majesty's Consul-General at Mukden brought the case to the attention of his Japanese colleague, but as the Consular Court would have no jurisdiction in such a case until the Convention is completed for the mutual protection in China of British and Japanese trade-marks, I addressed a letter to the Japanese Chargé d'Affaires on the 25th May, asking him whether he could not take steps to stop the infringement, as was done more than once in similar cases during my time in Corea.\n\nOn the 1st June Mr. Abé replied, in the letter of which I have the honour to inclose a copy, informing me that the Vice-Consul at Tiehling had been instructed to investigate the matter and to endeavour to stop the infringement if he should find the complaint well-founded.\n\nI am forwarding a copy of this despatch to His Majesty's Ambassador at Tôkió.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed)\n\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n(No. 44.) Sir,\n\nInclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nActing Consul-General Willis to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nMukden, May 19, 1908.\n\nI HAVE the honour to inclose copy of a letter I have received from the agent of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire in Newchwang with reference to the infringement of their trade-marks and general imitation of the packing of the sugar produced by the Taikoo refinery at Hong Kong.\n\nI brought the case informally to the notice of Mr. Kato, my Japanese colleague, on the 14th instant, and asked him whether, in the event of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire having registered their trade-mark in Japan, it would be possible for them to proceed against Japanese firms guilty of fraudulent imitations in the Consular Courts in Manchuria.\n\nMr. Kato replied that he thought that the matter would be outside Consular jurisdiction, but stated that similar cases had arisen within his experience in Corea, where Japanese officials had effected a satisfactory settlement without recourse to the law courts.\n\nMr. Kato was leaving Mukden the next day, Mr. Yoshida, an élève-Consul of inconsiderable experience, being left temporarily in charge of the Consulate-General. I accordingly asked Mr. Kato whether, if I sent the case to Mr. Yoshida, it would be possible for him to inquire into and take steps in the matter. Mr. Kato answered that Mr. Yoshida could do nothing but refer the question to the Foreign Office.\n\nI have the honour to inclose copy of a letter I have addressed to Mr. Yoshida; but as it appears to me that the case is one of aggravated fraud, and that local representations are not likely to prove effective, I venture to place the matter in your hands at once.\n\n[1844 a-2\n\n-2]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416803, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 130, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "2\n\nI learnt yesterday from Messrs. Butterfield and Swire that their trade-mark is registered in Japan No. 25803 of the 29th April, 1906.\n\nThe trade-mark is also registered in Shanghae.\n\n127\n\n3\n\nI am now informed by telegraph from our Consulate-General at Mukden that it has requested of the Vice-Consulate at Tiehling, which is a branch office of the former, to inquire into the matter, and that it will not fail to take whatever steps it can for stopping the infringement when the fact is established.\n\nIt is hoped that a satisfactory settlement may thus be brought about, and I shall know when I further hear from Mukden.\n\nYours sincerely, (Signed) M. ABÉ.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) ROBERT WILLIS.\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nSir,\n\nMessrs. Butterfield and Swire to Acting Consul-General Willis.\n\nNewchwang, May 13, 1908. WE beg to bring to your notice the following instance of the infringement of the trade-mark and general imitation of the packing of our Taikoo Sugar Refining Company's sugars, detected by our Mr. Alway whilst at Tiehling on the 2nd instant.\n\nIt was reported to Mr. Alway that a Japanese firm, known as the \"Pi Tien Yang Hong,\" located under the wall just outside the West Gate at Tiehling, had sold fifty bags of refined white sugar apparently bearing our regular marks, and declared by them to be our \"B\" grade, or \"Wu Wan Ti,\" as it is known to the Chinese, and which they said they had purchased from us in Hong Kong.\n\nOn inquiring into the matter, Mr. Alway found that this sugar was packed in bags weighing 120 catties gross, 112 catties net, Tiehling scale, whereas our sugars are never packed by us in any other form than bags of about 148 catties gross, 140 catties net, Tiehling scale. At the Taikoo Sugar Refinery, Hong Kong, all bags are packed with 136 Hong Kong catties net weight of sugar.\n\nMr. Alway saw a bag of this sugar on sale in a Chinese retail shop, which only weighed 115 catties gross, and the marking was clearly an imitation of our marks, and had evidently been executed by hand with a Chinese brush; besides which, the quality of the contents was far inferior to that of our \"B\" grade, which it purported to be. We have secured a bag of this sugar direct from the Pi Tien Yang Hong, together with a receipted bill from them in Japanese character stating the sugar to be ours, and both the bag and the receipt are now in our possession in our Newchwang office.\n\nWe inclose a small sketch of our trade-mark, grade letter, and pack number, which are stencilled on each bag, in case you should require them. The grade letter and numbers, of course, vary, but the same trade-mark appears on all bags.\n\nWe shall be very much obliged if you will take whatever steps you think most advisable to protect us from further injury to our business by the infringement of our marks by this or any other Japanese concern.\n\nWe are, &c.\n\n(Per pro Butterfield and Swire),\n\n(Signed) W. F. HARLEY,\n\nGeneral Agents, Taikoo Sugar Refining Company.\n\nInclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nMr. Abé to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nDear Sir John,\n\nJune 1, 1908.\n\nI HAVE received your note of the 25th ultimo forwarding copies of a despatch and its inclosures, which your Acting Consul-General at Mukden sent you in regard to a case stated to be an infringement by a Japanese firm at Tiehling of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire's, Hong Kong, sugar trade-mark, registered in Japan.\n\nYou desire to know if I can adopt in this case such procedure as was taken in similar cases in Corea where, according to what Mr. Kato is stated to have told Mr. Willis, Japanese officials effected satisfactory settlement without recourse to the law courts.\n\nI am not aware what sort of steps they have taken on those occasions, but in view of the Japanese Consular jurisdiction not covering such cases, I suppose that the procedure adopted in Corea was not of legal character but simply what may be called a moral pressure.\n\nIn the present case, too, I think it only to be in my power to instruct the Vice-Consul at Tiehling to investigate the matter, and take the best possible steps with a view to stopping the infringement if he should find the British firm's complaint well-founded.\n\n17", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416949, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 275, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "# CHINA TRADE\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n(26002)\n\n### No. 1\n#### July 27\n##### SECTION 3\n\n**Sir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.--(Received July 27.)**\n\n**(No. 271.) Sir,**\n\nPeking, June 11, 1908. WITH reference to your despatch No. 155 of the 23rd March last, I have the honour to transmit to you herewith copy of a despatch from His Majesty's Consul at Newchwang respecting the attitude of the Japanese with regard to that port.\n\nFrom this despatch it appears that the undoubted decline of Newchwang follows automatically from the energetic development of Dalny and the neglect of the Chinese authorities to keep the Liao River in a navigable condition in its upper course. **(Confidential.)**\n\nIn a Memorandum, of which I have the honour to inclose a copy, His Majesty's Acting Consul at Newchwang has recorded a few personal impressions of the situation, political and commercial, in that region which may serve to elucidate the question of rivalry between Dalny and Newchwang.\n\nI have, &c. \n(Signed) \nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n### (No. 15. Confidential.)\n\n**Sir,**\n\n#### Inclosure 1 in No. 1\n##### Acting Consul Tebbitt to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nNewchwang, May 28, 1908. I HAVE the honour to acknowledge receipt of your despatch No. 7 of the 19th instant, inclosing copy of a letter from Mr. Wright, of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire, respecting the attitude of the Japanese with regard to Newchwang.\n\nMr. Wright, in speaking of \"our produce,\" is referring to the export trade in beans and beancake. I find from the trade statistics of this port that of the bean products exported about 80 per cent. goes to Japan and the balance of about 20 per cent. to South China. Messrs. Butterfield and Swire are only interested in the 20 per cent. to South China, as the Japanese themselves carry their 80 per cent. to Japan. In consequence of this large demand for bean products for Japan, the Japanese, to circumvent the middlemen, buy most of their bean products at the place of production, i.e., the country round Tiehling and farther north. These beans, coming south, can either go to Tairen or to Newchwang, at the buyer's option, as the railway cost from that district to either port is the same. Arriving at, say, Newchwang, the beans have to be transported from the station, some 3 or 4 miles from the town, to the vessels or warehouses, either by lighters or carts, so that, by the time the beans are in the ship's hold, a considerable sum has been spent between the station and the ship.\n\nWhen, however, the beans go to Tairen they are taken by the train right alongside large warehouses, situated on wharves, so that the beans can either be placed direct on board or warehoused next door. The intermediate expenses of Newchwang are thus saved. The South China buyers of bean products thus find it cheaper to obtain the beans at Tairen, and they are therefore beginning to go there. It will therefore be clear that the beans will, apart from other inducements except the equality of the railway freight to either port, cost less by the time they are shipped at Tairen than they will at Newchwang. The steamer freight from either port to South China being the same, it would be immaterial for Messrs. Butterfield and Swire, who are only carriers, whether their ships load at Tairen or at Newchwang, provided they got the same fair treatment at either port.\n\nI am not aware how foreign steamers are treated at Tairen, but there is no doubt that the Japanese, having once induced a tendency for the beans to flow to Tairen, will... \n\nPage 272", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416950, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 276, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "also endeavour to keep the handling of them in their own hands, and this is evidently what Mr. Wright is complaining of.\n\nThe Japanese, as buyers of three-fourths of the output of the beans, are no doubt exerting, by monetary advances and forward contracts, a controlling influence over the bean brokers up-country. They can therefore more or less dictate whether the beans shall go to Newchwang or to Tairen. They thus induce most of the beans to go to Tairen. Perhaps the railway rebates, which apply to freights exceeding 100,000 yen per annum, induce the Japanese to try to carry all the beans under their own name. Once at Tairen, the beans go either to Japan or to South China in the proportions above mentioned. To judge from Mr. Wright's language, a steamer to Japan will be served first from the warehouses (which belong to the Railway Company), and the foreign steamers, wishing to get their beans for South China, must await the convenience of the Railway Company, or else employ Japanese to do the work for them, thus realizing Mr. Wright's apprehensions that the bean trade is being forced into Japanese hands. By harassing the Chinese buyers as well, the Japanese may induce them to ship in Japanese boats, of which several have recently gone to South China, or even try to get them in time to buy their beancake from Japanese firms at the ports of consumption.\n\nThis position is the result, not so much of an active policy to ruin Newchwang, but rather due to a number of negative situations owing to a want of Chinese initiative. Premising the fact that the bean trade and Newchwang are mutually dependent on each other, as about 72 per cent. of Newchwang's exports are bean products, a decline of the one will entail a decline of the other.\n\nThe negative situations are, briefly stated, firstly, the want of independence of the Chinese producers in so largely placing themselves in Japanese hands, a position perhaps induced by their dependency on a Japanese railway and the want of a competing line such as the proposed Fakumen extension would have supplied. The second difficulty is the absence of any attempt to improve the navigation of the Liao River, which at present is to a great extent too shallow, especially after a dry season, to allow fully-laden bean boats to come down from Tiebling in their thousands as they used to do formerly. Half-laden boats do not pay, and many are being broken up.\n\nThis Liao River improvement question, though much discussed, has too strong an opposition to materialize. The active opposition would come from the Japanese Railway, and the Chairman of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce, who is supposed to be pro-Japanese, recently stated that the agitation for the Liao River improvement would come to nothing. The passive opposition would come from the Chinese Railway through official obstruction, for purely selfish reasons. The want of a strong central and independent policy, unhampered by petty mercenary self-interests, is particularly felt here, where improvements of this natural highway would do much to restore Chinese independence from Japanese hegemony.\n\nA third difficulty is the absence at either railway terminus of warehousing facilities with proper jetties and wharves. With the Japanese railway, it is natural that there should be no urgent desire to improve this defect. But, with its earnings, it should be the policy of the Chinese railway to improve its terminus, and adopt every means in its power to develop on modern lines a system of wharves, jetties, and warehouses, so as to be able to compete successfully for the bean trade.\n\nThe impression of Japan's supposed designs on Newchwang's premier position are to some extent due to a want of appreciation of the fact that, up to within the last two years, Newchwang had the monopoly of the export trade of the bean products of Manchuria. Tairen, under Russian régime, and during the war, did not compete. It is only natural, therefore, that, with Tairen now taking an active interest in the Manchurian export trade, the volume of the Newchwang exports should decline until Newchwang finds its level. And the time required to reach such level will depend on China's future commercial policy.\n\n* I have, &c. (Signed)\n\nR. T. TEBBITT.\n\nP.S.-A letter on the subject from B. and S.'s agent is inclosed herewith.\n\nR. T. T.\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nMr. Harley to Acting Consul Tebbitt.\n\nDear Tebbitt,\n\nNewchwang, May 25, 1908. I RETURN herewith the extract you left with me on the 22nd instant.\n\nIt is difficult to supply any concrete and specific complaint against the Japanese on the point you raise, they are so wily and \"gradual\" in their modus operandi; but their general aim appears to me to be to divert the major portion of Manchurian exports to Dalny by means of railway and wharf and storage facilities, and, once this is accomplished, they will by degrees force it into Japanese hands throughout, from place of production in the interior to place of consumption in Central and South China. This is my purely personal impression, and I do not here refer to exports to Japan, which have always been more or less in their hands for some time past.\n\nThey could so delay the loading of our steamers, for instance, and place so many difficulties in the way of those using them, as to disgust our Swatow constituents and other supporters and drive them to ship by Japanese steamers, and ultimately give up sending buying agents up here from the south to buy and ship for them, and let the Japanese do the whole thing. What object but one such as this can have induced the South Manchuria Railway to include in its projects the application of a sum of 10,000,000 yen for the \"capitalization of its marine transport service\"?\n\nI consider that 30 per cent, at least of cargo shipped to South China from Newchwang last year is now going viâ Dalny--it may quite possibly be 40 per cent.; and of Newchwang's total exports for 1907, China must have had the lion's share in value by a long way, as the 30 per cent, which has been deviated means a lot.\n\nYours truly, (Signed) W. F. HARLEY.\n\n(Confidential.)\n\nInclosure 3 in No. 1,\n\nMemorandum respecting Manchuria.\n\nMilitary Policy.\n\nTHE Japanese policy in Manchuria is guided by two distinct influences, one military and one civil, and this must be borne in mind in any endeavour to fathom that policy.\n\nThe military policy, the policy of the party in power in Japan, requires such steps to be taken in Manchuria as will strengthen Japan's strategic position vis-à-vis the Russians in the north, and therefore to prepare everything for the eventuality of another war.\n\nThe civil policy, on the other hand, is guided by an endeavour to either modify the military policy so as not to conflict with the various Treaty obligations entered into by Japan or else to assist it diplomatically by asking for Concessions or making Agreements-by a policy of bluff or of give-and-take.\n\nThe possibility of another war is always at hand. The proposed doubling of the Siberian track, the projected Amur Railway, together with the administrative claims of the Chinese Eastern Railway, all show that Russia's Far Eastern policy is not necessarily one of retrenchment.\n\nJapan, on the other hand, by the absorption of Korea, had extended her boundaries and thus made herself more vulnerable, and the question of their defence is vital to the nation. To strengthen her position, Japan must regard the South Manchuria Railway as primarily strategical, in the same way as the Russian lines are regarded by Russia. She has therefore to enlarge her holdings at the various stations en route for the purposes of military necessities. This policy is being carried out along the whole route, and the inherited areas are said to have increased by over 100 per cent. by purchase or encroachment.\n\nSuch parts of the railway Settlements as are not set aside by the army for barracks, warehouses, or drill grounds will be sublet to civilians for the purposes of encouraging Japanese emigration into Manchuria. As the settlers are not being attracted, further inducements, according to Baron Goto's speech, will be offered by the building of houses for them, and, if even this does not work, it has been decided to invite Chinese to settle there, subject to Japanese railway regulations.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 417071, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 397, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "occupied and actually served in all its parts by another line, would, if running parallel with and at a distance of 30 or 40 miles from the original line, and bidding for a share of its traffic, be clearly regarded as in the neighbourhood of and detrimental to the established line. On the other hand, a railway separated for instance from another by a mountain range, could not be considered as in the neighbourhood of such other line, even if within 10 or 15 miles of it. Accordingly, objections to the contemplated line on the ground that it would be in the neighbourhood of and parallel with the existing railway cannot in the circumstances of the case be said to be unreasonable. Manifestly a railway that is near enough to another line to enter into competition with such other line, must be regarded as in the same neighbourhood.\n\nSecondly. It should be pointed out that assertion is not demonstration. It was, it is true, asserted earlier in the letter under examination, that the proposed line would not be competitive with or detrimental to the existing railway. Not only was that assertion wholly unsupported, except by the inaccurate statement that no trade went eastward from the Fakumen region to districts operated by the existing system, but was contradicted by the suggestion as to the necessity of the new line in the commercial interests of Newchwang. The assertion is, moreover irreconcilable with the statement of Sir A. Hosie, which has already been quoted.\n\nThirdly. To say that in no country in the world could the vested interests of a railway preclude the construction of another line within a distance of 35 miles is to say more than can be substantiated. Even in China at least one instance in direct contradiction of that statement actually exists. In 1898 the Russo-Chinese Bank entered into a contract with the Chinese authorities concerning the construction of the Chengting-Taiyuan Railway. Article 5 of that contract reads as follows:-\n\n\"During the whole thirty years and or while the loan is unredeemed, the high authorities of Shansi shall, at the request of the Company, interdict the construction of another railway or other mechanical means of transport between Liuliu (Chengting) and Taiyuan, as such would be detrimental to the interest of this railway.\"\n\nLater in the same year the Peking Syndicate signed an Agreement with the Shansi Bureau of Trade, for mining purposes, iron works and transporting mine products of all kinds in the Province of Shansi. Having regard to the engagement above quoted it was provided in Article 17 of the Peking Syndicate Agreement:-\n\n\"With reference to the Chengting to Taiyuan Railway, for the construction of which the Bureau has borrowed capital from others, the Peking Syndicate, to avoid disputes, shall not construct any railway within 100 li on each side of it.\"\n\nAside from this concrete case, it may be pointed out that in a country where for centuries produce in large quantities has been transported over long distances by men and beasts, 35 miles is certainly well within the radius of competition for parallel lines of railway.\n\nBut, it should be added, the distance between the existing and proposed lines is, in fact, considerably less than 35 miles: From Hsinmintun to Mukden is 32 miles; from Fakumen to Tiehling 27 miles; and from Shintaitza on the South Manchurian line to the nearest point on the proposed line is only 24 miles.\n\nFourthly. The pronouncement that the Peking Agreement of 1905 was violative of Article 4 of the Treaty of Portsmouth, and opposed to the pledge given by Japan to the Powers, is a statement that the Newchwang Chamber of Commerce was not competent to make, and one which that body would never have made, if it had given due consideration of the question. The Treaty of Portsmouth was between Japan and Russia, and if Japan has concluded engagements with other Powers inconsistent with that Act, it is for Russia to call her to account. The Peking Agreement was concluded with China, and the Chinese Plenipotentiaries had the Treaty of Portsmouth before them when negotiating that Agreement. Accordingly it may be assumed that China no less than Japan considered that Agreement as entirely reconcilable with the Portsmouth Compact. The only pledge that Japan has given to the Powers is the pledge regarding the open door in China, which has equally been given by the other Powers-America, Germany, France, Great Britain, and Russia. Those Powers have all been parties to, or have supported in favour of, their subjects and citizens, Railway Concessions in China in which appear stipulations similar to, and equally comprehensive with, the provisions of the Peking Agreement above mentioned. Thus in the Agreement with the American China Development Company of the 13th July, 1900, for the construction of the Hankow-Canton Railway line, it was provided-\n\nThat, without the express consent in writing of the Director-General and the American Company, no other rival railway detrimental to the business of the same is to be permitted, and no parallel roads to the Canton-Hankow line are to be allowed to the injury of the latter's interest within the area served by the Canton-Hankow main line or branch lines.\n\nIn the Agreement of the 9th July, 1903, with the British and Chinese Corporation (Limited), for the construction of the Shanghae-Nanking line the same stipulation, mutatis mutandis, appears.\n\nThe Canton-Kowloon Railway Agreement of March 1907 between the Wai-wu Pu and the British and Chinese Corporation (Limited) contains the following :-\n\nIt is further understood that the Chinese Government will not build another line competing with this railway to its detriment.\n\nWe have already seen the Russo-Chinese Agreements regarding the Shankaikwan-Yingkow-Hsinmintun and the Chengting-Taiyuan lines, as well as the Anglo-Chinese Shansi engagement, and it will be sufficient, in concluding this branch of the question, to call attention to the fact that Germany, in virtue of her Kiaochow engagements with China, claims the exclusive right of railway exploitation in the Province of Shantung. It was because of this claim that the construction of the Tientsin-Chinkiang Railway became in part a British and in part a German undertaking.\n\nThe last point in the letter of the Chairman of the Newchwang Chamber of Commerce, which requires examination, is the statement that the territory to the west of the Liao Ho was during the Russo-Japanese war, specifically proclaimed by China and officially recognized by the belligerents to be neutral territory, and consequently, even if it be assumed that the undertaking in question was valid, that undertaking could only have had application to the territory which was within the area of hostilities, and which furnished the cause of the war, and was the subject of the Treaty.\n\nIn making that statement the author of the letter, in his partisan zeal in defence of the interests of Newchwang, forgot his history as well as his geography.\n\nThe region through which the projected line was to run is in Manchuria, and was as much the cause of the war and the subject of Treaty adjustment as any other portion of the three provinces. Hsinmintun and Fakumen were opened by the Peking Treaty of 1905, and the Hsinmintun-Mukden line was one of the questions disposed of by that Treaty.\n\nChina specifically proclaimed that her neutrality extended to those localities unoccupied by belligerent troops. The region in question was throughout the war so occupied by one or the other of the belligerents.\n\nJapan officially recognized as neutral Chinese territory not occupied by Russia. Russia officially declared the following area to be outside the neutral territory :-\n\nA portion of the region situated on the right bank of the Liao Ho, the boundaries of which are formed by the Liao Ho by the railway line Yingkow-Kaopantze; afterwards by the railway line to a point where this line crosses an affluent of the Liao Ho, the Liou Ho (a little south of Hsinmintun), and finally by the said affluent the Liou Ho as far as the frontier of Mongolia.\n\nOn the ground, therefore, of historical precedents, no less than reasonable precaution, the action of the Japanese Government in interposing a veto against the construction of the projected line cannot in justice be condemned.\n\nThe Newchwang Chamber of Commerce, as is seen from its Resolution, places great reliance on Article 4 of the Treaty of Portsmouth. Accordingly it may be explained that a measure which is injurious to one Power cannot fairly be regarded as a general measure common to all countries.\n\nPage 66", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 417131, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 457, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government. 454\n\nTRADE IN CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[26320]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n[July 29,]\n\nSECTION 1.\n\n(No. 296.) Sir,\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received July 29.)\n\nPeking, July 6, 1908. WITH reference to my despatch No. 274 of the 22nd ultimo, I have the honour to transmit to you herewith copy of a further despatch, with inclosures, from His Majesty's Consul-General at Mukden, respecting the alleged infringement by a Japanese firm at Tiehling of a trade-mark belonging to Messrs. Butterfield and Swire.\n\nIt would seem to be established that the bags bearing this mark originally contained the genuine article, and that the substitution of a sugar of inferior quality was made by the Japanese firm at Tiehling, and not by the Yu Asa Shokai at Dairen. There has, therefore, technically been no infringement of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire's trade-mark, but merely a fraudulent use of their bags by the firm who received them. Whether the Japanese Criminal Code provides for the repression of such an offence appears, in the present instance, to be a question of academic interest, in view of the fact that the offending firm is no longer in existence at Tiehling. The Japanese authorities have, I submit, done all that was possible to assist Mr. Willis, and the case would seem to have been satisfactorily elucidated.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) J. N. JORDAN.\n\nInclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\n(No. 49.) Sir,\n\nActing Consul-General Willis to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nMukden, June 24, 1908. WITH reference to my despatches No. 44 of the 19th May and No. 48 of the 10th instant, I have the honour to inclose copy of a further letter I have received from Mr. Yoshida, the Elève-Consul in charge of the Japanese Consulate General.\n\nFrom this letter it seems clear that the 115 bags of sugar, sold by the Yu Asa Shokai to the Pi Tien firm of Tiehling, contained originally bona fide British sugar, and that, later on, inferior sugar was substituted at Tiehling by the Pi Tien firm.\n\nA letter of Messrs. Butterfield to me, dated the 22nd instant, confirms this information, and it seems probable that Messrs. Butterfield and Swire were mistaken in alleging, as they did in their letter of the 13th May, that their marks had been imitated.\n\nI have informed Messrs. Butterfield and Swire that, in my opinion, the Japanese Consular officials have done all in their power, under present conditions and pending the conclusion of a Trade-mark Convention between the British and Japanese Governments, to assist us in inquiring into the facts of this case. Further, even if a prosecution for fraud lay against the Pi Tien firm under the Japanese Criminal Code, which is very doubtful, it would seem useless for them to undertake such prosecution at the present time, as the culprit firm has disappeared from Tiehling.\n\nI inclose copy of a letter I have addressed to Mr. Yoshida.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) ROBERT WILLIS.\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nMr. Yoshida to Acting Consul-General Willis,\n\nSir and dear Colleague,\n\nConsulate-General of Japan, Mukden,\n\nJune 19, 1908.\n\nIN reference to my communication dated the 5th instant regarding the fraudulent imitation of trade-marks by a Japanese firm in Tiehling, I have the honour to inform...\n\n[1844 -1]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 417132, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 458, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.: 455\n\nyou that I have received a report from our authorities at Tairen, in which they ascertained that Yu Asa Shokai, of Tairen, sold 115 bags of the bona fide British sugar to Pi Tien Yang-hong, and that the Hong Kong sugar imported to Japan is, contrary to the argument of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire, mostly of 100 kin or 120 catties, instead of 148 catties. I am further reported from the same authorities that Yu Asa Shokai, being a respectable firm in Japan, have been entered in a close business transaction for many years with Messrs. Holme, Ringer, and Co., agents of the Hong Kong Sugar Refinery at Shimonoseki.\n\nUnder the circumstances, I came to the conclusion that the fraudulent imitation of trade-mark would have been done by Pi Tien Yang-hong at Tiehling, and not by Yu Asa Shokai at Tairen.\n\nHoping that you will consider the measures taken in regard to this matter satisfactory, I have, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nS. YOSHIDA, Elève-Consul-in-charge,\n\nHis Japanese Majesty's Consulate-General,\n\nInclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nActing Consul-General Willis to Mr. Yoshida.\n\nSir and dear Colleague,\n\nMukden, June 24, 1908. I HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatches of the 5th and 19th instant with reference to the complaint of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire of the fraudulent imitation of their trade-marks at Tiehling.\n\nI am quite satisfied that the bags sold by the Yu Asa Shokai to the Pi Tien firm contained originally bona fide British sugar, and that any fraud must have been committed at Tiehling by the Pi Tien firm. As I understand that this firm has now been declared bankrupt and has disappeared, it is clear that no further steps can be taken in the case.\n\nI would take this opportunity of expressing my thanks to you for the valuable assistance you have given us in inquiring into the true facts of this case, more especially as I quite realize the difficulties of your position, pending the conclusion of a Trade-mark Convention between our respective Governments for the mutual protection of trade-marks in China.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) ROBERT WILLIS.\n\nCHINA TRADE.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[27994]\n\n(No. 335.) Sir,\n\nNo. 1.\n\n[August 12.]\n\nSECTION 2.\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.--(Received August 12.)\n\nPeking, July 21, 1908. WITH reference to my despatch No. 211 of the 12th May regarding the question of li-kin in the Treaty ports, I have the honour to inclose a copy of the joint note of the Netherland and American Ministers and myself, writing on behalf of the Diplomatic Body, which was addressed to Prince Ching on the 8th instant.\n\nIn this communication we have pointed out that the effect of the Chinese Government's contention is to transform the 5 per cent. ad valorem basis of the tariff into one of 7 per cent., and we have urged that, as this question has caused years of friction with the Treaty Powers, the Chinese Government should devise means of taxation less irksome to trade and in conformity with the Treaties.\n\nWe have also maintained that, no matter how a place has been open to foreign trade, uniformity of practice must be observed.\n\nYour Highness,\n\nInclosure in No. 1.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed) J. N. JORDAN.\n\nJoint Note to Prince Ching.\n\nJuly 8, 1908. THE Undersigned, having been authorized by the Diplomatic Body to discuss and settle with your Highness the question concerning the levy of li-kin within Treaty port limits, have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Highness' note of the 10th April last, which has been carefully considered by them.\n\nIn this note your Highness observes that the limits of Treaty ports in distinction to the interior have never been defined by Treaty, and that the Chinese Government have never accepted the definition formulated by the foreign Representatives. Your Highness contends, therefore, that li-kin is leviable on all foreign imports unless they have paid transit dues, and similarly on all native produce for export unless it is covered by a transit pass.\n\nAccording to this contention China would be entitled to collect transit dues on all merchandise. But the Treaty stipulates clearly that the payment of transit dues is only leviable, in the case of imports, on notice being given at the port of entry from which such imports are to be forwarded inland, of the nature and quality of the goods, the ship from which they have been landed, and the place inland to which they are bound; and in the case of exports, on produce purchased in the interior, which has to be inspected at the first barrier it passes on its way to the port of shipment, and on arriving at the barrier nearest the port notice must be given to the Customs, and the goods are passed on payment of the transit dues.\n\nSuch is the procedure laid down in Rule 7 appended to the British Treaty of Tien-tsin;\n\nthe essential points being, in the case of imports that they are to be conveyed away from the Treaty port into the interior, and in the case of exports that they are purchased in the interior for conveyance to a Treaty port.\n\nFrom this it is abundantly clear that foreign imports, in respect to which no notice has yet been given to the Customs that they are to be forwarded inland, are exempt from transit dues while remaining in the Treaty port; and that exports, not purchased in the interior but in the Treaty port itself, are similarly exempt from transit dues.\n\nIt then becomes a question, as indicated in your Highness' note, where the Treaty port ends and where the interior begins. Your Highness states that no definition of limits has ever been made to which both China and the Treaty Powers have agreed. In the absence, therefore, of an explicit definition acceptable to both sides, the intention of the Treaties must be examined, and it will doubtless be conceded that\n\n[1904 m-2\n\n-2]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 417186, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 512, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "2\n\nthat His Majesty's Government considered Japanese interests in Manchuria predominant. I am prepared to defer to Sir John Jordan's opinion on this point, at least so long as Tong Shoayi remains Governor of Mukden. suggestions put forward by Mr. Parlett I am in full agreement.\n\nAs regards the other I have, &c. (Signed) CLAUDE M. MACDONALD,\n\nInclosure in No. 1.\n\nNotes by Vice-Consul Parlett on a Journey in Manchuria.\n\nThe Railway Systems-Japanese and Russian.\n\nIT is now possible to make the through journey from Talien (Dairen) to Kwanchengtzu (Kwanjoshi), where the Japanese trains transfer their passengers to the Russian, in a little over twenty-four hours; but in the case of the journey herein described this course of direct travelling on the way north was not followed. In order to make inquiries on the subject of trade and of Japanese enterprises along the line, I got off at Liaoyang, Mukden, Tiehling, and Changchun. The results of my investigations will be found in their proper places under the different headings of this Report. They are very poor, I confess; but with the limited time at my disposal that could scarcely be avoided. Weeks, not days, of patient inquiry are necessary for the compilation of a really satisfactory report.\n\nOf the South Manchuria Railway it is as yet not fair to make any criticism. The line is avowedly in a state of transition, and though it was at one time hoped that by June the whole of the new material ordered from the United States would be available for use, this, owing to an unforeseen accident to the vessel carrying the saloon and other cars, was found impossible of realization. Accordingly certain of the third-class carriages already received were by means of temporary fittings converted into first-class of fair comfort, or into second-class of very indifferent. On the whole, I was very favourably impressed with the efficiency of the line under its new owners, though I noticed that in its anxiety to obtain material at as low a cost as possible the Company has sacrificed good workmanship to cheapness.\n\nIn every carriage in which I travelled, the fittings of the doors and window-sashes, with the sashes themselves, were of very indifferent quality, and showed already, though they had been in use but a few weeks, evident signs of falling into disrepair. There is, in fact, a general air of shoddiness about both carriages and locomotives which does not augur well for their lasting power. The probability is strong that the same will be the case with the new dining, sleeping, and saloon cars, which are, I understand, to be of considerably cheaper make than was originally intended. It must at the same time in justice be owned that too short a time has elapsed to permit of the drawing of hard-and-fast conclusions, and further that, in the case of locomotives, the Americans, who made them, affirm that attention is never paid to outward appearance.\n\nOf the railway guards and their behaviour, the subject of such bitter criticism a few months ago, I can only say that, though no rudeness was offered to me personally, I was not at all favourably impressed by the general behaviour of these men. They are still far too much in evidence, and the manner in which they appeared to me to pass unnecessarily up and down the first-class cars is distinctly calculated to give umbrage to foreign travellers. Their demeanour is, as far as my own observation goes, in marked and unfavourable contrast with that of the Russian guards between Kwanchengtzu and Kharbin. The question, however, is a trivial one, and I do not wish to emphasize it, though my remarks are not unsupported by proof. In a recent issue of the \"Japan Daily Mail,\" I noticed that it was reported that Lady Jordan and other travellers had expressed their great satisfaction with the treatment they had received whilst journeying along the South Manchurian line. this, the \"Japan Mail\" drew certain conclusions.\n\nOn the strength of With these I am at once at issue. A very clear distinction must be drawn between the experience of distinguished travellers journeying under the aegis of official attention and those of the ordinary person. For the former, the way is made as smooth as only Japanese officialdom can make it; the latter must take his chance.\n\nThe behaviour of the ordinary railway servant is, on the whole, unexceptionable, though here again it will probably be necessary before long for the Company to draw\n\n3\n\nthe attention of its employés once more to the stringent Regulations issued by Baron Goto at the beginning of the year. It is so obviously to the interest of the Railway Company to induce the general travelling public to make use of its road that I cannot but think that even the small shortcomings which came to my notice will gradually disappear.\n\nRussian Line.-Kwanchengtsu-Kharbin,\n\nThis is a line well laid and with exceedingly well-built carriages. This is almost all that can be said of it. Though the distance between Kwanchengtzu and Kharbin is only about 140 miles, eleven hours are taken covering it. At Kwanchengtzu not one official at the station speaks any language but Russian; passengers from Kharbin to the south are only carried as far as Kwanchengtzu, where they must alight and purchase another ticket for Hsi-kwanchengtzu, the Japanese terminus, a couple of miles further on; and the arrangements for registering baggage are so complicated that it is advisable, wherever possible, for the traveller to carry his belongings with him into his own compartment. I myself saw on the night of my departure from Kwanchengizu scores of Chinese passengers entering carriages with huge bundles, which must have represented practically all their worldly belongings. It can thus be easily understood how space really intended for travellers is monopolized by luggage. But the whole line is run in a \"go-as-you-please\" manner, which seems to reflect with fair accuracy the peculiar ineptitude of the Russian in matters of commercial organization. If he does not rouse quickly from his apathy, he is likely to be rudely awakened by his strenuously energetic Japanese rival.\n\nWhile in Mukden, I had an interview with Major Sato, an army officer who has been lent by the Japanese War Office to the Railway, and of him I made guarded inquiries about the reported purchase of the Changchun (Kwanchengtzu)-Kharbin section. He laughed at the idea, saying that, glad though Japan would be to see its accomplishment, the scheme was hopeless. Russia would not sell, or granting even that she were willing to do so, her price would be such that Japan could never buy. At the same time Major Sato gave me to understand that Baron Goto had been successful in making an arrangement with the Chinese Eastern Railway authorities in St. Petersburgh by which certain of the Japanese trains--\"wagons-lit,\" I presume---- would be fitted with convertible gear and allowed to run as far as Irkutsk. (This information Mr. Willis telegraphed to Tokio and Peking.) Simultaneously, an understanding was arrived at on the question of transfer from one system to the other at Kwanchengizu and Hsi-kwanchengtzu,\" and the present unsatisfactory arrangements are even now in course of being remedied, Mr. Tanaka, the Director of Transport on the South Manchuria line, having already gone north to negotiate with the Russian railway authorities at Kharbin.\n\nCaptain Salmond in his Report on conditions at Kharbin lays particular stress on the strategic value of this portion of the Chinese Eastern Railway line.\n\nI am entirely in accord with his opinion. It appears to me a matter of vital importance, both for the integrity of this part of China and also for our own commercial interests, that under no circumstances should the line be allowed to pass into the hands of the Japanese. They are already a sufficiently serious menace; it is not necessary to allow them to obtain possession of another weapon of aggression. I gather, however, from the tone of his Excellency Sir Claude MacDonald's despatch No. 251 of the 30th October, 1907, that there is something in the alleged secret Agreement between Japan and Russia which would militate against the acquisition of the line by the Chinese Government, which is what Captain Salmond suggests. This is in many ways to be regretted. With the section in question in Chinese hands, and under the management of the Imperial Railways of North China, we should probably hear less, not only of preferential treatment further south, but also of Russian and Japanese designs for erecting a ringed fence round the north of Manchuria. It must at the same time be confessed that this change of ownership would be fraught with peril. China would be in a position to dictate what terms she pleased to Japan, and could, indeed, limit the activities of the latter to the comparatively less fertile regions south of Changchun. It seems to me highly probable that, in her present mood, she would not be slow to avail herself of the weapon placed in her hands, with results that might easily become dangerous. It is, however, so improbable that Japan would acquiesce in any\n\n* When the Changchun-Kwanchengtzu section is completed, the junction for both lines will be Changchun.\n\n509", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 417187, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 513, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "arrangement of the kind suggested, that the point is scarce worth serious consideration,\n\nCharacter of the Country.\n\nThe leased territory, as seen from the windows of the train, is apparently by far the most barren part of Manchuria. The soil is poor and stony, the country hilly and bare of trees, the hillsides seamed with deep gullies, where the torrential rains of summer have for centuries eaten deep into the crumbling soil. It is an altogether barren and desolate land, in which the only profitable crop is \"kaoliang\" (sorghum millet). With afforestation, to which the Japanese are paying close attention, all this might perhaps be changed, but years must first elapse, and, in any case, it is very doubtful if the ultimate reward would be worth the antecedent toil.\n\nNear Liaoyang an improvement is noticeable. Gaunt hills still rise at intervals, but broad plains intervene, and the soil becomes less stony and darker in colour. The chief crop is still \"kaoliang,\" though bean-fields increase in number. From Liaoyang northwards the soil improves, till in the neighbourhood of Tiehling it becomes the rich loam of the wheat-belt. Ranges of hills are seen at various points, but as a rule the country is rolling, reminding one somewhat of an English landscape, save that the horizon is very much broader.\n\nOf its immense fertility and, under improved methods of agriculture, vast productiveness there can be no doubt.\n\nRailway Settlements.\n\nA Table is annexed to this Report giving details of the land actually known to be in the possession of the Railway at the various points along the line and a gross total of the area the ownership of which is admittedly doubtful. But definite information of the locality of the latter areas or of the circumstances rendering their ownership uncertain are not to be obtained either at Dairen or up-country. Not only was I refused permission at the head offices of the Railway Company to inspect the original Russian maps, which would have enabled me to form some idea of the topographical relation of the various railway Settlements to the Chinese towns near them, but the names also of localities in which questions of ownership awaited decision were denied me. It was with considerable difficulty that I succeeded in obtaining even the general list just mentioned. Under the circumstances, I fear I can add but little to the information already at the disposition of His Majesty's Government.\n\nAt Liaoyang, where about 1,517 acres have already been definitely settled as railway property, I was told by the Japanese Vice-Consul that the determination of ownership was proving a very difficult matter. Original site marked out by the Chinese Eastern Railway Company for its own use, It appears that, in addition to the the Russian military authorities on three subsequent occasions purchased through the local Chinese officials further lots of ground, their intention being, so my informant asserted, to make this place a large military centre. Now the original Chinese owners are coming forward to claim the ground thus acquired, contending, apparently in many cases justly, that the land had never been paid for. The money that had passed between the Russians and the local officials had remained in the pockets of the latter. It seems to me that in any case it is distinctly doubtful if sites thus acquired for military purposes can be justly held to be part of the railway property.\n\nThe Settlement (railway) at Liaoyang lies between the line and the walls of the Chinese city, coming indeed close up to the gates of the latter, and it is, as far as I could ascertain, rectangular in shape. At Mukden conditions are similar. There are the same disputes about ownership, and here again the best land, namely, that adjacent to the station, is all railway property. The area of the Settlement (1,629 acres as at present determined) is in itself sufficient to show that the approaches to the line are virtually entirely in the hands of the Japanese, and that in self-defence merchants will eventually be obliged to reside inside what will presently be the Japanese town of Mukden.\n\nMr. Willis, the Acting Consul-General at Mukden, who is in close touch with the Chinese authorities, is of opinion that the Japanese have not been entirely just in their methods of acquiring land at that place, but he has hitherto experienced difficulty in obtaining satisfactory evidence in support of his contention. However, that he hopes to obtain from the Chinese officials one of the original Russian maps defining clearly the area which the Chinese Eastern Railway claimed as its own. If he succeeds, some light may then be thrown on the character of the Japanese claims.\n\nAt Tiehling, I was informed by the Japanese Consul that there were no outstanding questions of ownership; but the truth of this assertion was absolutely denied at the head office of the Railway, when I made inquiries on the subject on my return to Dairen. On the contrary, I gathered that the Tiehling Settlement question was a somewhat vexatious one. In excuse for this apparent \"terminological inexactitude\" on the part of the Consul, it may fairly be urged that, as he entered on his duties only a few days before my arrival, he could scarcely be expected to be au fait with the work of his office.\n\nAt this place again, the railway Settlement, rectangular in shape, lies between the station and the town, a super-excellent strategical position commercially. From the top left-hand corner of the rectangle a long narrow strip of land, also included in the Settlement, stretches some two miles or more to the landing-place of Bahoko on the Liao River. This is the spot at which junks ship their cargoes of bean and bean-cake for Newchwang.\n\nThe Changchun Settlement calls for no particular comment. Irregular in shape and lying like the other Settlements between the railway and the town, it is made up of land purchased from the Chinese with the money paid by the Russians as compensation for the renunciation by the Japanese of that half of Kwanchengtzu Station to which they are entitled. So far the Japanese at Changchun have evinced no desire to avail themselves of the superior position of the Settlement site, though their houses cluster just outside its borders. The explanation given me was that inside the Settlement there are taxes and other disagreeable things, outside none.\n\nThe original plans of all the sites acquired by the Chinese Eastern Railway were recently handed over to the South Manchuria Railway Company, and they are, I understand, so well drawn up that the task of determining the rightful ownership in disputed cases promises to be a fairly easy one. Major Sato, my informant, asserted that there was not much difference in the area of the land claimed by the Russian Company, and that claimed by its Japanese successor. In his opinion, there was little question that most of the sites now the subject of contention had been undoubtedly purchased, but at so ridiculously low a figure that the only assumption possible was that the rightful owners had not been compensated, the proceeds of sales having in all probability found their way into the pockets of the Chinese officials.\n\nLocal Settlements.--Railway Administration in.\n\nBoth from His Majesty's Consulate-General at Mukden, and from this Vice-Consulate, translations have been sent to Tokio and Peking of the Regulations issued for the control of residents within the railway Settlements and of those defining the relationship of the Japanese Consuls in Manchuria with the Kwantung Governor-General. The pretensions of the South Manchuria Railway Company, similar virtually to those advanced by the Chinese Eastern Railway at Kharbin, are therefore familiar to His Majesty's Government. The latter has also defined its attitude in the case of Kharbin, so that it is unnecessary for me to refer further to the subject or to recapitulate the arguments put forward by the United States' Consul at the town just mentioned in defence of his action. I should like, however, to say that I am driven by the general impression left on my mind as the result of personal observation to concur in the opinion expressed by Mr. Willis in the last paragraph of his despatch No. 14 of the 17th February of this year. The general question of the railway pretensions is of course one which to us is for the time being of academic interest only, but it may in the near future become of considerable practical moment.\n\nI am of opinion that if a necessity exists to dispute the claims of the Chinese Eastern Railway, much greater is that necessity in the case of those of the South Manchuria Railway Company. Dismissing from consideration abstract questions of extra-territoriality, the interpretation of clauses of railway Agreements, China's sovereign rights, &c., which have already received the attention of His Majesty's Government, there exist in my opinion in connection with the South Manchuria Railway Company certain grave practical inconveniences which appear to me to be at present absent from the Kharbin question. The Japanese line is not merely a political machine like the Russian; it is in addition of sheer necessity revenue-seeking. We cannot therefore expect for our nationals that modification in\n\nPage 5", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 417189, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 515, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "I understand that the market for woollen cloth is quite promising, and that Indian yarns have a better sale than any others over the whole province. Fancy and miscellaneous goods are for the most part German or Japanese, and the same, I believe, is the case with the cheaper forms of farming implements. Though I do not wish to speak dogmatically, it seems to me that the demand for foreign goods generally must improve as the north and north-eastern parts of the province are gradually brought into touch with the outer world. I would therefore ask if it is not possible for the north Manchurian markets to be made the subject of careful investigation by experts under the auspices of some representative body like the China Association. It is obvious that with the best intentions in the world the ordinary Consular officer has not the technical training necessary to determine with real accuracy the latent possibilities of these new markets. And, as \"God helps those who help themselves,\" it would be more to the point if British merchants laid aside their methods of verbal complaint against their Japanese rivals in favour of the more practical system of endeavouring to forestall their ambitious designs.\n\nIn connection with the railway Settlements, I should state that of those I saw the most promising was Tiehling. Though the work of construction here was only commencing, there was an air of comparative prosperity about the place which promised well for the future. This is easily intelligible because Tiehling is an important centre for the bean and bean-cake trade, and at the same time a port of shipment on the Liao for merchandise destined for Newchwang.\n\nCareful and systematic plans have been drawn up of all the Settlements along the line, and there is no doubt in my mind that these places will, when they are completed, by the mere force of their respectable organization attract merchants both Chinese and Japanese to reside within their borders. Trade will naturally follow suit.\n\nKharbin.\n\nKharbin is full of an air of despondency. The trade, such as it is, appears from inquiries I made to be mainly in the hands of the Jews and the Germans, with whom the Russian, who is a child in business matters and fated for years to be exploited by others, cannot hope to compete. It has frequently, if I recollect rightly, been stated that Kharbin's prosperity depended entirely on the recent war, and perhaps from the Russian point of view this is correct. This dictum does not, however, take into account the fact that of far more importance than the trade just alluded to, which is a parasitical one of Russian preying on Russian—an exact counterpart of what is happening to-day on a smaller scale in the Japanese railway Settlements—is that with the Chinese. This, by reason of Kharbin's situation within the wheat-belt and on a broad and navigable river, the Sungari, seems likely to become full of promise when the period of depression and despondency succeeding the war passes away. It is difficult, nevertheless, to anticipate what share will fall to the British merchant.\n\nThe United States' Consul, of whom I made inquiries generally, told me that there was quite a respectable demand for British woollen articles, which came apparently by way of Newchwang or Vladivostock. He could not, however, instance any other English-made goods for which there was any sale. Nor were there any British subjects in the town. There was no room, in his opinion, for a foreign bank at present. Any business going was willingly taken up by the Russo-Chinese Bank. Mr. Kawakami, the Japanese Consul-General, was even stronger on the same subject. According to him, the Siberian Commercial Bank had endeavoured to open a branch in the town, but had been warned off because the place was regarded as a preserve of the other institution. I think this is probably the reason why the Yokohama Specie Bank, which has branches as far north as Kwanchengtzu, has not yet put in an appearance at Kharbin.\n\nThe United States' Consul was very anxious to persuade me of the necessity of establishing a British Consular officer at this place, asserting that if this were not done we should find too late that our share of the trade had been captured by the Germans. I take it, however, that his anxiety was really mainly prompted by his desire to have someone to back him in his attitude against the Chinese Eastern Railway. The uses of the stalking-horse are quite familiar to both Americans and Germans in the Far East.\n\nThe other Powers represented at Kharbin are Russia, by a Consul-General; Belgium, by a Consul; France, by a Consular Agent; and Spain, by a Commercial Attaché. It is also reported that a German Consulate is shortly to be opened.\n\nConsidered from the point of view of actual existing trade interests, it does not appear to me that the presence of a British Consular officer in Kharbin is immediately necessary; on the other hand, the political situation is such that it may in the near future become highly desirable, for the safeguarding of British interests, that His Majesty's Government be represented on the spot. Signs are not wanting of Japan's desire to effect a rapprochement with Russia, and though it by no means follows that the consummation of such an object would necessarily be attended with disadvantage to ourselves, it nevertheless appears to me distinctly desirable that the actions of the two Powers in the north of Manchuria should not be allowed to pass disregarded. I can think of no locality more suitable for purposes of scrutiny or the acquisition of intelligence than Kharbin, and for these reasons only would I recommend that the establishment of a Consular officer at Kharbin be taken into serious consideration. Pending the decision of His Majesty's Government in the matter, I would suggest that British interests in the town be confided to the care of His Majesty's Consul-General at Mukden.\n\nIn addition to Kharbin, there is another trade-mart in Manchuria which seems to me worthy of attention. This is Kirin, which is presently to be linked by a branch line to the South Manchuria Railway's system. There is no reason why at this place, which lies in one of the most fertile districts of Manchuria, promising openings should not be found for British trade. I would therefore recommend that it be made the subject of investigation when the railway linking it with Changchun is completed.\n\nFinally, I would beg leave to submit the following suggestions for the consideration of His Majesty's Government:\n\n1. That an Assistant from the Japan Consular Service be attached to His Majesty's Consulate-General at Mukden, to enable the officer in charge of that post to keep in close touch with the Japanese. On this suggestion I wish to lay some emphasis. Mukden is the senior Japanese Consular post along the line, and to it all the other Consulates report. It is also, next to Dairen, the most important of the Railway Company's offices. It is, finally, the Chinese seat of government in this part of Manchuria, and consequently the place to which every question affecting the Japanese throughout the province must at some time or other be referred. For His Majesty's Consul-General at Mukden to form a correct opinion of questions concerning Chinese and Japanese, or Japanese and foreigners, he should have an accurate knowledge not only of the Chinese language and ways of thought, but also of the Japanese. This, under present circumstances, is an impossibility. Yet if he does not possess this knowledge, he is unable to form a correct estimate of the reasons and objects directing Japanese action, or to obtain full and correct information on matters concerning Japanese policy, railway or political. Mukden is a city which appears to me to be almost as important from a Japanese point of view as from a Chinese, and for His Majesty's Consul-General to be in a position to report authoritatively on both, it seems to me distinctly necessary that he should receive assistance from the Japan establishment. I would therefore, subject naturally to the approval of His Majesty's Minister at Peking, and His Majesty's Consul-General at Mukden, strongly recommend that an assistant be selected from the Japan service for temporary service in the Consulate-General at the latter place, and that the appointment depend solely on qualifications, and not on seniority;\n\n2. That, even at the risk of overlapping, His Majesty's Vice-Consul be authorized to report on any question in Manchuria in which the Japanese are concerned. It will be remembered that the limit of his jurisdiction is the frontier of the leased territory. I do not think it is necessary to advance reasons in support of this proposal, but if considered necessary they will be forthcoming;\n\n3. That, as I suggested in a private letter to His Majesty's Embassy in Tokyo last year, copies of despatches of general interest be exchanged between the Consulates in Manchuria; or\n\n4. That, if this be found impossible in practice, they be supplied with copies of the print when it refers to Manchuria.\n\nI venture to offer these suggestions because it appears to me that their practical realization would result in the increased usefulness to the public service of the officers concerned. It is obvious that in the open markets of Manchuria, every one of which is a piece of China and a piece of Japan, questions in which the latter are concerned cannot be treated as isolated and independent, but as a part of a whole.\n\nPage 512", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 417655, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-353 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 367, "title": "CO129-353 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "Art. 2. Japan undertakes immediately to hand over to China, against the payment of 50,000 yen, all Japanese telegraph lines in Manchuria outside the railway territory. Japan is prepared to enter into negotiation with China with a view to coming to a certain arrangement concerning the Japanese telephone service in Manchuria outside the railway territory. Pending the conclusion of such an arrangement, Japan undertakes neither to extend her present telephone system in Manchuria, without having first obtained the consent of the Chinese Government, nor to use her telephone lines for the transmission of telegrams in competition with the Chinese telegraph lines.\n\nArt. 3. At open marts or Treaty ports in Manchuria, which are in close proximity to the Japanese railway territory, namely, Antung, Newchwang, Liaoyang, Moukden, Tiehling, and Changchun, the Chinese Government agrees for a period of fifteen years to place one or two special telegraph wires from the said open marts or Treaty ports to such railway territory at the exclusive disposal of the Japanese Government telegraph service. Such wire or wires shall be maintained in good order and condition by the Chinese Government up to the railway territory.\n\nArt. 4. The special wire or wires mentioned in Article 3 shall be worked from the Japanese telegraph buildings by Japanese clerks in the employ of the Japanese Government, and the Chinese Government undertakes to provide, at a total yearly rent of 700 Mexican dollars, suitable special offices and accommodations for this purpose, it being, however, understood that the said accommodations do not include dwelling quarters for the clerks.\n\nArt. 5. The special wire or wires mentioned in Article 3 can only be used for the exchange of telegrams emanating from or destined to places under the direct control of the Japanese telegraph system.\n\nArt. 6. At the open marts or Treaty ports mentioned in Article 3 the Japanese Telegraph Department will have its receiving office in the Chinese telegraph building, and delivery of Japanese traffic shall be made by messengers wearing no special uniform.\n\nArt. 7. The Japanese Government undertakes to pay to the Chinese Government an annual sum of 3,000 yen as a royalty on all messages forwarded over the Japanese Manchurian telegraph lines.\n\nArt. 8. This Convention shall be confirmed by the two Governments concerned, and shall be put into force when a detailed Agreement shall have been concluded with regard to the Chefoo-Kwantung cable and the Japanese Manchurian telegraph lines.\n\nIn witness whereof the Undersigned have signed this Agreement.\n\nDone at Tôkiô in English, in duplicate, this day of the month of October, 1908.\n\nThis Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government\n\nPage 363\n\nSir C. MacDonald to Sir Edward Grey.--(Received November 9.) (No. 262.)\n\nTokió, October 4, 1908. Sir,\n\nMR. H. IJUIN, who has recently been appointed Japanese Minister to Peking, came to see me on the 2nd instant previously to starting to take up his duties.\n\nMr. Ijuin is, I think, a very good selection. He was for six years subsequent to the Boxer troubles Consul-General in Tien-tsin, and there became well acquainted with Yuan-shi-kai and his lieutenant, Tong-shao-yi. He has also served his country in Seoul, and his last post was, as you are aware, Councillor in the Japanese Embassy in London.\n\nMr. Ijuin stated that his experience at Tien-tsin led him to think that the Englishmen in China did not work together and were too independent, while constantly accusing their Government of being indifferent to their interests they were remarkably indifferent to their interests themselves. Germans, on the other hand, were keen and pushing and looked after their interests; they also hung together and worked much more than our people.\n\nMr. Ijuin admitted that there was such a thing as being too pushing, which he thought was accountable for the heavy failures in German firms which have taken place all over China and also in Japan. These failures seemed to be a source of some satisfaction to Mr. Ijuin, who thought that the English and Japanese should endeavour to work together and understand each other more than they did. He stated that he personally was going to use his utmost endeavours while in Peking to this end, and he greatly looked forward to having Sir John Jordan as his colleague.\n\nHe spoke of the Tsin-min-tun-Fakumen Railway, and greatly deplored the press campaign which was being carried on in England against Japan, and the accusations which were being made against the latter as to her supposed anti-open-door policy, which accusations he strongly refuted.\n\nSpeaking of Tong-shao-yi, who is shortly expected here, he said he was a Cantonese, undoubtedly clever, spoke both English and French well, but was somewhat superficial and lazy, and that he did not study questions deeply; he was, however, quick to make up his mind, and held very strongly and tenaciously to his opinions once arrived at.\n\nHe was Yuan-shi-kai's right-hand man, and had been with him in all his important posts.\n\nMr. Ijuin thought that the Boxer troubles had had with the Chinese Court and Government a great moral effect for good in that the hard experience gained by the Empress-Dowager and the Court officials would have a very salutary effect, anyway for two or three generations, in preventing outrages against foreigners.\n\nMr. Ijuin leaves for Peking with every intention of working on the most frank and cordial relations with His Majesty's Representative at that post.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nCLAUDE M. MacDONALD.\n\n[2029 i-4]\n\nPage 363", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-353 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 421256, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 45, "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "# CHINA RAILWAYS\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n### No. 1\n#### SECTION 1\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.--(Received December 24.)\n\n**(No. 541. Confidential.)**\nPeking, December 3, 1908.\n\nWITH reference to my despatch No. 467 of the 22nd October last, I have the honour to transmit to you herewith a copy of a despatch from the Acting Consul-General at Mukden respecting the trade routes between Fakumen and Hsinmintun and Fakumen and Tiehling.\n\nThe information supplied by the Acting Commissioner of Customs at Mukden, and summarized by Mr. Willis in his despatch, confirms the conclusion already drawn by Sir Alexander Hosie that the proposed extension of the Chinese railway from Hsinmintun to Fakumen in no way threatens the carrying trade of the Japanese line from Tiehling. Practically the whole of the produce which would be handled by the projected railway comes from the country to the west of Fakumen-Hsinmintun road, and, under present conditions, is transported by cart along that road, or by boat down the Liao River, and does not go near the Japanese line. The tendency is even towards the adoption of a more westerly route, and produce is now being carried in increasing quantities viâ Hsin Shui Hotzu, 90 li to the west of Fakumen, as the country in those regions is gradually being brought under cultivation.\n\nThe sketch map mentioned in the last paragraph of the inclosed despatch has not reached me, but the position of the towns in question is so well known that a map is hardly needed for a proper understanding of the subject.\n\nI have also received the Memorandum of the Acting Commissioner of Customs upon which Mr. Willis' despatch is founded. I have not thought it necessary to inclose it, because Mr. Grone's views and conclusions are fully and accurately summarized by Mr. Willis, and also because the former gives expression to general considerations of a political and historical nature which are extraneous to the point at issue.\n\nI have, &c. \n(Signed) \nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n### Inclosure in No. 1\n\nActing Consul-General Willis to Sir J. Jordan.\n\n**(No. 76. Confidential.)**\nMukden, November 24, 1908.\n\nIN the hope of supplementing and confirming the information gathered by Sir Alexander Hosie during his recent visit to Fakumen and Tiehling, I have the honour to submit the following brief report on the Fakumen-Hsinmintun and Fakumen-Tiehling trade routes, which has been gathered from information given me by Mr. F. Dawson Gröne, the Acting Commissioner at Mukden, who has just returned from a journey through the district.\n\nThe road from Hsinmintun to Fakumen passes over flat country as far as Hsiao Tatzu, distant 85 li from Hsinmintun; between this point and Fakumen lie a series of low rolling hills, which form no obstacle to cart traffic. The volume of trade passing along this route is described by Mr. Gröne as enormous, consisting mainly of grain, beans, and hemp proceeding southwards. Much of this produce is carried by the railway after arrival at Hsinmintun, but there is still a considerable cart traffic between Fakumen and Newchwang.\n\nLarge as the trade appears to be, the number of inns in decay passed along the road show signs that it has fallen off in recent years, Mr. Gröne's explanation being that large tracts of country to the west of Fakumen are gradually being brought under cultivation, and the main trade of Mongolia is now passing from Chang Chia-tun to Hsinmintun viâ Hsiu Shui Hotzu, distant 90 li westwards from Fakumen. The number...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 421257, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 46, "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## \nThe number of Chinese colonists has, according to Mr. Gröne, increased enormously during the past two years.\n\nOn leaving the Fakumen-Tiehling route runs east, bearing slightly south. From Fakumen Plain, a rather difficult pass, called Hung Ling, must be crossed. The country is then level, but there are numerous steep gullies, making the road difficult for laden carts. At a distance of 80 li from Fakumen, 10 li from Tiehling, is the Liao River, which constitutes the real barrier to any extensive interchange of produce along the Fakumen and Tiehling road. The crossing takes place at a village, Ho Chia-hsin, where carts are kept waiting two or three days for their turn to cross in the single ferry-boat plying there. Laden carts must be unladen, and, as the banks are steep, accidents and damage to merchandise are of frequent occurrence.\n\nPassenger traffic between Tiehling and Fakumen is considerable, whilst it is difficult and comparatively expensive to engage passenger carts between Hsinmintun and Fakumen. As the distance between Fakumen and Hsinmintun is 160 li, it is naturally cheaper and more convenient for passengers to prefer the Tiehling route.\n\nA small quantity of Japanese yarns and piece-goods and some oil reach Fakumen via Tiehling, but there is no export to speak of.\n\nThe conclusion to be drawn from Mr. Gröne's report seems to be that, except as far as passengers are concerned, the proposed Fakumen-Hsinmintun extension is not a line that competes with the South Manchurian Railway. The produce that would be carried by the new line comes mainly from the country to the west of Fakumen, and, under present conditions, finds its outlet via Fakumen or Hsiu Shui Hotzu, and does not enter the Japanese sphere.\n\nI enclose a rough sketch-map, showing the relative position and distances of the chief towns mentioned in this despatch.\n\nI have, &c.\n(Signed) **R. WILLIS**\n\nPage 2 \n\n| Office or Individual | Foreign | 1909 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\nPrevious Paper `70 76824` \nNext subsequent Paper `41B5` \n`1739---A. & E. W.- 20062/27---25009-11-08` \n`44783/08` \n`1189` \n`45` \n`1183` \n`II JA. 9`", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 421495, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 284, "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\n**Eastern Extension Australasia and China Telegraph Company, Shanghae, to Head Office, London.**\n\n**(Confidential.)**\n**(Telegraphic.)**\n\nDRESING wires following :-\n\nShanghae, December 16, 1908.\n\nRussian Minister appears satisfied with basis of Japanese arrangement, and inclined let original Russian-Chinese Railway Convention remain in force, but will give definite reply in few days. France trying make China apply for new frontier Convention, but I have refused move in matter unless France in writing abandons cable extension clause.”\n\n## Inclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\n**Imperial Chinese Telegraphs, Shanghae, to Eastern Extension Telegraph Company, London.**\n\n**(Private and Confidential.)**\n\nDear Sirs,\n\nShanghae, November 24, 1908.\n\nWe beg to inform you that an Agreement has been arrived at between the Chinese and Japanese Governments regarding the South Manchurian Railway telegraph stations and the Chefoo-Kwantung cable question. The arrangement made is almost entirely a domestic one, and does not, except on a very few points, affect the interests of the Cable Companies. As the Japanese Government from the very outset of the negotiations refused to discuss any question whatever if any third party, or even reference to any third party, was introduced, the Chinese Delegates on their side refused to negotiate on any point which had reference to or might affect in any material degree the existing Telegraph Conventions between China and other Powers or Companies. In order to arrive at a settlement of the various questions under discussion, it was found necessary to accede to the following Japanese terms :-\n\nOn the South Manchurian Railway, within the railway zone, the Japanese were allowed to deal with the telegraphic traffic at their own discretion, the argument on their side being that they could not allow any interference within territory leased to and under the jurisdiction and direct control of the Japanese Government, but Japan agreed-\n\n1. To pay to China a small yearly royalty on such traffic;\n2. To hand over to China traffic destined for China and beyond when directed viâ the Chinese lines; and\n3. Not to establish competition with the Chinese lines except for traffic forwarded exclusively over the Japanese lines.\n\nIn order to regain control over the telegraph lines constructed and at present worked by Japan in Manchuria outside the railway zone, China agreed to lease a connecting line to the railway from the following six Treaty ports in close proximity to the railway, viz, Antung, Newchwang, Liaoyang, Mukden, Tiehling, and Changchun, and at these towns to place a telegraph office at the Chinese telegraph building at the disposal of the Japanese for the exchange of traffic emanating from or destined to places under the direct control of the Japanese telegraph system, the reason of this being that at the above-mentioned six Treaty ports no separate Japanese Settlement exists within the railway zone, while quite a considerable colony of Japanese traders have settled in the Chinese city, and now for a very considerable time have relied on the Japanese telegraph lines to communicate with the mother-country at Japanese domestic rates.\n\nWith regard to the Chefoo-Kwantung cable, the arrangement is that the 7 miles of the cable nearest Chefoo will belong to China, while the rest of the cable will be owned and maintained by Japan (the actual landing point on the Kwantung coast, is as yet unsettled). The cable will at Chefoo be worked by China, and at the leased territory by Japan; but at certain specified times during the day the Japanese post-office at Chefoo, will be connected up direct to the Kwantung office, and the Chefoo post-office is allowed to exchange terminal Chefoo Japanese Government traffic as well as terminal Chefoo traffic when written in Japanese Kana characters, and on such traffic Japan pays China a royalty of 10 per cent. of the total value of the said traffic. Japan has guaranteed to do everything possible to prevent retransmission at Chefoo. Japan has further undertaken not to land cables on the shores of China, not to construct telegraph or telephone lines, or establish wireless communication, within the Empire of China outside the Japanese leased or railway territory without first obtaining the sanction of the Chinese Government. The Chefoo-Kwantung cable cannot be used for any kind of Japanese traffic emanating from or destined to places outside China, with the exception of the above-mentioned Chefoo terminal traffic, that is to say, that the cable, as far as the Japanese telegraph system is concerned, can only, with the above exception, be used for traffic to Kwantung and the South Manchurian railway telegraph stations, but in this connection it has been arranged that Japan, if approached by the parties interested, is willing to negotiate a special Convention by which it should be made possible to utilize the Chefoo-Kwantung-Sasebo cables for the exchange of Chinese-Japanese traffic.\n\nThe arrangement is that the South Manchurian Railway telegraph stations and the Japanese stations in the leased territory will be open for traffic in connection with the Chinese telegraph system and at the Chinese international and provincial rates (Kwantung being considered as Shengking), and that China will pay Japan a certain fee per word, but as the out-payment to Japan for messages passing over the Chefoo-Kwantung cable will be heavier than when the traffic is handed over in Manchuria, it is the intention, as far as possible, to send the traffic for Manchuria viâ Tien-tsin, and only actual Kwantung traffic via the cable, except when traffic is ordered by the sender \"viâ Chefoo-Kwantung.\" The arrangement will come into force as soon as it has been approved by the two Governments concerned, and we shall inform you of this at a later date, but the Chefoo-Kwantung cable is not likely to be laid for about three or four months, as the Japanese Government has to ask the Imperial Diet for the necessary funds.\n\nYours faithfully,\n(Signed) **CHOW WAN PANG**, Vice Director-General.\n\n## Inclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\n**Telegraph Convention.**\n\nTHE Undersigned, respectively duly authorized by the Governments of Japan and China to adjust in a friendly manner and spirit of mutual accommodation the questions of the submarine telegraph cable between the Province of Kwantung and Chefoo, and the Japanese telegraph lines in Manchuria, have agreed as follows:-\n\n### ARTICLE 1.\n\nA submarine cable will be laid by the Governments of Japan and China between a point in the Kwantung Province and Chefoo. Japan will lay and maintain the section of the submarine cable from Kwantung to within 7 miles of Chefoo, and China will lay and maintain the section of said cable from Chefoo to a point 7 miles from Chefoo. At said point the two sections of the cable shall be connected. The Kwantung end shall be worked entirely by Japan and the Chefoo end by China; but, in order to meet the special requirements of Japan, the cable shall be connected up direct to the Japanese post-office at Chefoo, during such sufficient time each working day as may be agreed upon, and such post-office shall have the right to transmit over the said cable from and to places under the direct control of the Japanese telegraph system terminal Chefoo-Japanese Government messages as well as private terminal Chefoo telegrams, providing these latter be written in Kana. Japan shall pay to China on such traffic a certain terminal fee to be agreed upon. The connecting line between the Chinese-Chefoo telegraph office and the Japanese post-office at Chefoo, will be constructed and maintained by China. Japan engages to do all in her power to prevent the re-... \n\nPage 282", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 421502, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 291, "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "289 \n\n2 \n\n\"Manchurian flour has appeared on the market here as well as anywhere else in Manchuria, and that very much so. The Japanese mill in Tiehling are selling, here in Dalny, at 10 sen cheaper than the Americans, and their stuff is much liked by the Chinese. Shan Cheong and other dealers in American flour are complaining that through this new competition they are having a very hard time of it. The Russians in Charbin are nowhere although they could beat the Japanese hands down, if they only had a somewhat decent organization and were a little bit livelier.\" \n\nI venture to hope that this précis may be of some little use, if only for purposes of comparison with our own Reports.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed) \n**HAROLD G. PARLETT** \n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1 \n\n## Report on North Manchuria \n\n### General Remarks \n\nNORTH Manchuria, which comprises the Viceroyalties of Kilin and the Amur, has an area of well over 300,000 square miles. Four-fifths of this are occupied by mountains, forests, lakes, deserts, and townships, the remaining fifth is certainly suitable for agricultural purposes. Of this fifth about 19,000 square miles are actually under cultivation.\n\nThe population of the territory is probably about 7,700,000 (Kikin, 5,200,000; the Amur, 2,500,000). Originally the Manchurians proper congregated mostly in the Kikin Viceroyalty and Mongolians in the Amur; but of recent years there has been a tremendous influx of Chinese, owing to the development of the country consequent on Russian undertakings. The result is that the Manchurian is gradually disappearing.\n\n### Industries \n\nAgriculture is the industry of North Manchuria, all others are subordinate to and dependent on it. The average production is about 23-24 bushels per acre and the total for the whole country something in the vicinity of 177,000,000 bushels.* The richest districts are the Sungari Valley and the neighbourhood of Changchun and Kilin. Development in these regions has been very rapid of late years owing to Russian expansion and to the war. The former, represented by the railway, attracted vast numbers of Chinese settlers, while the needs of the Russian troops created markets; the war itself increased these numbers by fugitives from the south.\n\nThe chief exports are naturally agricultural products; imports are represented mainly by cotton cloth, cotton yarns, and raw cotton.\n\nAgricultural products are wheat, flour, beans, and bean-cake, with cereals generally. Flour, which is produced by the Russians along the railway line, is at present used mostly by the settlers and the troops, though a very fair quantity has found its way into the Amur Province. Japan's import of bean-cake, which once travelled by way of Newchwang, now goes through Vladivostock. Imports of cotton goods, &c., come mostly via Newchwang, and there are signs that Japan is driving her American and other foreign competitors out of this trade.\n\nIn addition to cotton goods there is quite a demand for the cheaper forms of Japanese earthenware and for matches. The fancy and miscellaneous goods trade is mainly in the hands of the Germans; Russian goods are only seen along the railway and in the Russian settlements.\n\nAmong mechanical industries the only ones worthy of notice are flour-mills, distilleries, breweries, and bean-cake mills. There are about twenty flour-mills, almost all Russian owned and in the neighbourhood of Kharbin. Their total maximum output for twenty-four hours is estimated at 73,000 pouds. The flour itself is of good quality.\n\nBreweries and distilleries, Russian as distinct from Chinese, are small in size compared with the flour-mills, the demand for spirits being mostly in the neighbourhood of the railway settlements.\n\nExperiments have been made in the cultivation of the sugar-beet with such excellent results that there is talk of establishing a large beetroot sugar factory.\n\nAmong native industries bean-oil mills and distilleries are the chief. The sale of spirits is by law limited to the area within the palisade of the three eastern provinces, but such is the demand among the Chinese that there is no town or village of any pretensions without a distillery. Bean-oil mills are run by individual enterprise, the oil itself being either used for local needs or exported to the south. Native grain-mills, generally managed in connection with some other farming enterprise, have suffered a good deal from the establishment of the Russian flour-mills, and now no longer do more than supply a purely local demand.\n\n### Communications \n\nCommunications are naturally mostly by river or road. The Sungari River, with its tributaries, is the chief waterway; but as its course is very winding, in many places obstructed by shallows and sandbanks, and as the stream itself varies in volume, being at times in some places only 2 feet deep, it is obvious that many improvements will have to be made if full advantage is to be taken of the river.\n\nBy the Aigun Treaty of 1858 China and Russia alone were allowed the right of navigation on the Sungari. The result was the placing by the Russians of steamers on the river. For a time these did quite a good business in the transport of building material, provisions, &c.; but the war, and the subsequent unwillingness of Russian merchants to have anything more to do with this part of Manchuria, has resulted in the decay of the water-borne trade. Of this the Chinese have been quick to take advantage. Not only have they numbers of junks on the river, but many of the steamers also are in their hands; and, not satisfied with the navigation of the Sungari alone, they have pushed on to that of the Amur. It is believed that on the Sungari and its tributaries there must be a fleet of 600 or 700 Chinese junks.* Nevertheless, it is unlikely that the junk trade will increase very much; the winding nature of the river and its actual unsuitability for junk traffic cause too many delays in the transport of goods ever to make junks successful.\n\nThe most important channel of communication by road is of course the Chinese Eastern Railway. It is no exaggeration to say that to it alone is due the recent rapid development of Manchuria. There is, in fact, not a single branch of industry which has not been favourably affected by its existence.\n\nNext to the railroad as a means of communication comes the Manchurian country cart. It is of universal use, and, if Russian figures are credible, there must be about 53,000 of these vehicles in the country.\n\nThe chief high roads are from--\n| Route | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | Sanchan, via Paivangmu, Pinchangting, to Harbin. |\n| 2 | Pinchangting, via A-shih-ho, Shuangchengpu, Nangngancheng, Changchun, Mukden, &c., to Newchwang. |\n| 3 | Petanlintzu, viâ Hulan, to Harbin. |\n| 4 | Hulan, viâ Tsitsihar, to Aigun. |\n| 5 | A-shih-ho or Shuangchengpu, viâ Lalin, to Kilin. |\n| 6 | Kilin, via Omoso, to Gunchun. |\n| 7 | Kilin, via Ninguta, to Poltauka. |\n| 8 | Kilin to Petune. |\n| 9 | Kilin to Mukden. |\n| 10 | Tsitsihar, viâ Petune, to Changchun. |\n\nFor the transport of foreign goods Nos. 1, 2, 3, 9, and 10 are most important; the others are local trade routes. All alike are virtually impassable during the summer rains and when the thaw sets in in spring, but good in autumn and winter.\n\nThe only industry in Manchuria which is in any sense of the word developed is agriculture. All others are in their infancy and await improvement. Particularly is this the case with mining, which, unless a few gold mines be taken into account, virtually does not exist. But when things are on a satisfactory footing we may expect to see a complete revolution in the Far-Eastern economic world.\n\n* There is some discrepancy here. If the yield be 23 bushels per acre the total for 19,000 square miles should be about 290,000,000 bushels.\n\n* From Russian statistics. Mr. Kawakami's own estimate on p. 16 is very different.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 421517, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 306, "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n### CHINA RAILWAYS\n\n#### No. 1. SECTION 6\n\n**Sir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received December 12.)**\n\n(No. 467. Confidential.)\n\nPeking, October 22, 1908.\n\nI HAVE the honour to transmit to you herewith a Report by Sir Alexander Hosie on a visit recently paid to Hsinmin-fu, Fakumen, and Tichling.\n\nThis visit was made for the purpose of ascertaining, by investigation on the spot, the conditions of trade in that locality as affecting the question of railway construction; and this Report, which contains an unbiassed statement of the facts so far as they are obtainable, should be of material assistance in forming an opinion upon the merits of the dispute between China and Japan relative to the Hsinmin-fu-Fakumen Railway project.\n\nThe conclusion at which Sir Alexander Hosie has arrived, and which he supports by statistics of trade, is that Fakumen is much more intimately connected commercially with Hsinmin-fu than it is with Tiehling, on the South Manchurian Railway, and that an extension of the Imperial Railways of North China to Fakumen would serve a rich agricultural area which has at present only a very limited connection with the Japanese railway either at Tiehling or elsewhere.\n\nThe statements adduced in proof of this conclusion are, briefly, that the Fakumen district contributes at the present moment about one-third of the total traffic handled by the Imperial Railways of North China between Hsinmin-fu, Newchwang, and the country to the south-west of the Koupangtzu Junction; that while, during the summer months, the bulk of the Fakumen trade goes direct to Newchwang by the Liao River, in winter the traffic from Fakumen, which goes to Hsinmin-fu and passes over the Imperial Railways of North China, is double that which reaches the South Manchurian Railway at Tiehling.\n\nIn face of these facts it is difficult to see how the Japanese Government could reasonably object to the suggested compromise, that the extension of the Chinese railway from Hsinmin-fu to Fakumen should be sanctioned on condition that a branch line should be constructed from the latter place to Tiehling. Whether the Chinese, however, would agree to such a solution I cannot say.\n\nI am sending a copy of this despatch to His Majesty's Ambassador at Tôkið.\n\nI have, &c. \n(Signed) J. N. JORDAN.\n\n### Inclosure in No. 1.\n\n#### Report by Sir A. Hosie of a Visit to Hsin-min-fu, Fukumen, and Tichling, in Manchuria.\n\nPREVIOUS to the construction of railways in Manchuria the internal trade of that part of the Chinese Empire was carried on by junk in the open season (March to November), and by cart during the rest of the year, when the ground is frozen solid and the roads are fit for heavy traffic. In the open season, and more especially in summer and during and after the rains in July and August, the roads, consisting as they do of a soft loamy soil, are practically impassable, any attempts at transport resulting in ruts from 18 inches to 2 feet in depth, while in low-lying ground the roads are veritable quagmires, in which mules and ponies wallow up to the girths in mud and water and have to be extricated by harnessing additional animals to the teams. Such was my experience with the two comparatively light passenger carts on my recent visit to Fa-ku-men and Tiehling. As a matter of fact, these small carts avoid the roads where possible and take to the bordering fields, but as the roads are frequently eroded many feet below the surface of the plains, the steep banks on either side render deviations not always practicable. For this reason, traffic by the heavy Manchurian cart, laden with several tons of produce, and its team of seven or more animals, is completely barred, and can only be attempted during the winter months when the roads are frozen hard and smooth.\n\nBefore the advent of railways, these heavy carts brought the produce of Manchuria...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 421518, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 307, "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## 2\n\nfrom the remotest parts of the three provinces in winter to depôts on the Liao River to await the opening of navigation in spring, and thousands of these carts annually came as far south as Newchwang and Tien-tsin (then the only two ports through which the export and import trade of Manchuria was conducted on any considerable scale), carrying back loads of salt manufactured near Newchwang and miscellaneous foreign and native goods into the interior. It might be imagined that the cost of baulage by cart for hundreds of miles would be prohibitive, and that the introduction of the Chinese Eastern Railway, running as it did (and now does under two names) through the heart of Manchuria from north to south and east to west, would quickly have ended this traffic; but it must be remembered that while the animals and carts are employed in spring, summer, and autumn in farm work, they would, owing to the rigorous climate, be completely idle as well as a drain in winter, and their owners were content to become carriers if they could earn sufficient to pay expenses. The result is that to-day these carts, in spite of the Chinese Eastern Railway, the South Manchurian Railway, and the Imperial Railways of North China in Manchuria, still pay annual visits to Newchwang in winter, but in diminished numbers. Diminished numbers are due for the most part to the South Manchurian Railway, which, with the exception of the traffic through Vladivostock over the Chinese Eastern Railway, has succeeded in attracting the bulk of the trade with the country to the east and north-east of the line, but has affected only to a limited extent the trade to the west and north-west, which continues in the main to be conducted by cart in the old way through old-established channels.\n\nThese \n\nWhen I visited Hsin-min-t'un or Hsin-min Fu as it is now called, Fa-ku-men recently raised to the rank of sub-prefectural city under the name of Fu-min Ting, and the district city of Tiehling between the 21st and the 28th September, there was no traffic whatever on the roads connecting these inland marts which were opened to foreign trade by the Japanese Treaty with China of December 1905. The peasantry were busy harvesting their crops and carting the grain, beans, and other produce from the fields to their homesteads. Hsin-min Fu is the present northern terminus of the Imperial Railways of North China in Manchuria. It is a busy commercial centre with a population of from 60,000 to 70,000 inhabitants, and its principal industry is the extraction of oil from beans and the manufacture of bean-cake, which is carried on by a score of mills.\n\nHere I carefully questioned a number of Chinese merchants in regard to the trade between Hsin-min Fu and Fa-ku-men and was informed that it was considerable in winter, the roads of 50 miles (160 li) between the two places being described as one string of carts during that season. They referred to the projected railway to Fa-ku-men and their declaration that such a line would shift the centre of trade, and the market from Hsin-min Fu to Fa-ku-men proves that the two places are intimately connected commercially.\n\nFrom Hsin-min Fu I travelled by Chinese cart north by east to Fa-ku-men resting the first night at Hsiao-ta-tzu, which lies half-way between these two places. Between Hsin-min Fu and Hsiao-ta-tzu there are fourteen hamlets and villages, most of them containing Chinese inns or caravanserais with large courtyards for the accommodation of the traffic along the road. Many of the inns were shut, but they reopen during winter, their busy season. My carter corroborated the statement made to me by the merchants of Hsin-min Fu that the winter traffic along this road is considerable.\n\nThe road from Hsin-min Fu to Hsiao-ta-tzu passes over a fine broad plain which was well cultivated and yielding excellent crops of tall millet (*Holcus sorghum*, L.), the two smaller millets (*Setaria italica*, Kth., and *Panicum miliaceum*, L., the former predominating), beans (from which oil is extracted and bean-cake manufactured), upland rice, some buckwheat of the white-flowered variety, and a little cotton. Hemp (*Cannabis sativa*, L.) and *Perilla ocymoides*, L. (from the seeds of which oil is extracted) were growing as borders to other crops. The maize, castor-oil, and sesamum crops were already reaped; the cobs of corn were drying in the sun and bundles of sesamum awaited the thrashing or rolling out of the seeds. The foreign potato is also largely grown and used for food. The country is little wooded except in the villages and round graveyards, where the willow, elm, and poplar are the usual and practically the only trees. Two small streams, tributaries of the Liao, flow eastward across the road 8 and 20 miles respectively north of Hsin-min Fu at the villages of Hsi-chiu-men and Kung-chu-t'un.\n\nThe village of Hsiao-ta-tzu lies about a mile to the south-west of the southern terminus of a range of low, grass-covered, unwooded hills which rise from the plain and stretching northwards form its eastern boundary. To the west, but at a distance of some miles, there is another range with a north-easterly trend. The country lying between these ranges is more undulating than to the south and the soil, although somewhat stony, was bearing crops scarcely inferior to those seen to the south of Hsiao-ta-tzu. The highroad keeps to the eastern side of this undulating plain passing north by east through eight villages to the town of Fa-ku-men, which has every appearance of being hemmed in at a distance on all but the southern side by low hill ranges, through which, however, roads lead east, north, and west.\n\n## 3\n\nFa-ku-men, or Fu-min Ting, is a small unwalled town of some 30,000 inhabitants. Like Manchurian towns generally it is built of mud and brick and its main streets, like those of Hsin-min Fu, run east and west. Its chief industry is the conversion of beans and castor-oil seed into oil and cake, and it contains numerous caravanserais for the accommodation of the traffic which passes through it and of merchants who resort to the town for the sale and purchase of produce, in which they are assisted by the keepers of these establishments in return for a commission on all transactions effected. I stayed for two days in one of these caravanserais, where I had special facilities for inquiring into the trade between Fa-ku-men and Hsin-min Fu and between Fa-ku-men and T'iehling. That trade, as I have already stated, is done in winter; but I found that in the open season there is a considerable trade between Fa-ku-men and Newchwang, which is carried on neither through Tiehling nor Hsin-min Fu.\n\nOn the right bank of the Liao, 25 miles south-east of Fa-ku-men and about the same distance below Tiehling, is a place called San-mien-ch'uan, where goods are landed and shipped by junk as long as navigation is possible. There is little difference in distance between Fa-ku-men and San-mien-ch'uan and Fa-ku-men and Ma-feng-k'ou, the shipping port of Tiehling on the Liao. The latter may be a trifle longer; but at San-mien-ch'uan the shallows above Tiehling frequently causing as they do several days delay when the river is low are avoided, and no other obstacles to navigation exist between it and Newchwang. From the caravanserai in which I resided carts left daily for San-mien-ch'uan, each loaded with twenty-five bean-cakes weighing 72 lbs. a-piece. Each cart had a team of three animals. Although the Liao was high at the time of my visit the traffic from Fa-ku-men was not diverted to Ma-feng-k'ou nor to the railway at Tiehling, and during the open season San-mien-ch'uan is undoubtedly the shipping port of Fa-ku-men for produce bound for Newchwang. In the winter it is otherwise: then San-mien-ch'uan loses its importance, and the two outlets for Fa-ku-men produce are Tiehling and Hsin-min Fu. The exports from Fa-ku-men to Tiehling consist almost entirely of bean-cakes, but the amount exported depends on the market. If higher prices rule at Tiehling the cakes go there; if Hsin-min Fu proves a better market, they go by cart to Hsin-min Fu and are thence carried by rail to Newchwang. In any case, so far as I could ascertain, most of the bean and castor-oil cake made at the thirty-four mills in Fa-ku-men goes to Hsin-min Fu. Up to the present I have been speaking of the export trade, and in particular of the products of Fa-ku-men and neighbourhood; but Fa-ku-men lies on the main winter cart road from the Province of Hei-lung-chiang to the south, and, although much of this traffic has naturally been attracted to the South Manchurian Railway at Chang-ch'un Fu or K'uan-ch'eng-tzu, it still retains commercial relations with the country to the north-east as far as Petuna on the Sungari, with the country to the north (of which Ch'eng-chia-t'un, 80 miles from Fa-ku-men, is the centre), and with Mongolia on the west. Chinese merchants at Fa-ku-men estimated that the South Manchurian Railway had absorbed 50 per cent. of the traffic passing through the town in former years, but they were confident that, if connected with Hsin-min Fu by rail, Fa-ku-men would tap still more of the grain-producing districts of Eastern Mongolia which are now being opened up by Chinese colonists. I was informed at Kuang-ning Hsien, which I visited, that much of the produce of Eastern Mongolia finds its way south by cart to the Chinese Railway at Chin-chou Fu by a road passing to the west of Kuang-ning Hsien, and through the city of Yi-chou, and this may have suggested to the Chinese Government the projected railway from Chin-chou Fu to Tao-nan Fu now being surveyed. In Fa-ku-men I repeatedly asked for a comparison between the volume of its trade with Tiehling and Hsin-min Fu and invariably received the same replies. They were: San-mien-ch'uan is the only port of Fa-ku-men during the greater part of the year when the Liao is open to navigation, and during the winter Hsin-min Fu is more important than Tiehling. Questioned as to the import trade of T'iehling, the merchants replied that Japanese yarn, cottons and miscellaneous goods were brought to Fa-ku-men, but not in any great quantity, and this was borne out by the replies to the questions I put at the inns on the road between \n\nPage 305", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 421519, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 308, "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## 4\n\nFa-ku-men and Tiehling, the answers being that many of the carts which carried bean-cake to Tiehling in winter returned empty.\n\nThe distance from Fa-ku-men to Tiehling is given by the Chinese as 90 li, and may be estimated at approximately 28 miles. On leaving Fa-ku-men the road soon enters the hills to the east, and after a gentle rise descends into a narrow valley bounded by low, grass-topped hills partly cultivated. At 10 miles from Fa-ku-men the valley ends, the hills on the south side retiring in a south by east direction, and giving place to an undulating country over which the road passes eastwards. The village of Tiao-ping-shan marks the eastern end of the valley. The country is more broken than between Hsin-min Fu and Fa-ku-men, and several nullahs with ruined bridges had to be negotiated. The crops were the same, but upland rice was more in evidence. There are twelve hamlets and villages on the road, some of them such as Yung-an-p'u and Wu-chia-hsin, being of considerable size, and we struck the river, about 400 yards in breadth, at the ferry of Shung-ch'a-k'ou in a sandy cove under a low rocky bluff rising sheer from the river. There was only one long, broad, flat ferry boat, which had just started when we arrived, and night was falling before we were poled and yuhloed to the further bank.\n\nAs we were waiting at the ferry and the animals in our carts were being unyoked preparatory to boarding the boat, several heavy junks, each with sail up and crew of three men straining at the oars, passed down river under the right bank, where the water was from 10 to 12 feet deep. Owing to the late rains of the present year there were no shallows at the bifurcation of the Liao just above Tiehling, and the junks were taking advantage of the swollen river to hurry on to Newchwang. It was dark before we reached a Chinese inn within the city walls of Tiehling; but, with the assistance of the landlord, I succeeded in having an interview with several merchants, who fully corroborated all that I had heard at Fa-ku-men, that the import trade of Tiehling and Hsin-min Fu from Fa-ku-men in winter depends largely on the market at the two places, that the trade with Hsin-min Fu is always greater in volume, and that the imports into Fa-ku-men from Tiehling are inconsiderable. At Hsin-min Fu and Fa-ku-men there was little evidence of Japanese activity, only a few small shops being observable; but at Tiehling it is otherwise. Two roads leading from the railway station, or rather from the eastern boundary of the railway reserve to the west gate of Tiehling, were almost entirely given up to small Japanese shops, but within the railway reserve itself there were many red brick houses, while similar and one large grey, more pretentious two-storied buildings were in course of erection. A brick two-storied building with a central square and two side wings particularly attracted my attention. It was standing in ample grounds surrounded by a low wall with iron railings. Over the doorway in Chinese characters was the inscription \"Commercial Exhibition.\" A poster at the door read \"No Admittance\"; but as the door was open, no objection was raised to my entrance. The central square contained a large entrance hall on the ground floor with a staircase leading to the first floor. The exhibition consisted of four long, broad rooms fitted with glass-fronted show cases arranged along the walls and along the centre of each room; in one or two rooms the exhibits, of every conceivable character and all of Japanese manufacture, were already arranged to please the eye, while in the others men and women were unpacking cases and spreading out their goods. The exhibits were many of them pure Japanese in type, but I could not help noticing that many were imitations of foreign goods, and in a quiet corner I took the opportunity of committing to my notebook the following labels on sundry bottles:\n\n| Label | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Worcestershire Sauce | prepared and sold by Barishiu and Co., London, N. |\n| Fine Old Highland Whisky | Malcolm, Barcelona, and Co., London and Glasgow. (Priced 1 yen.) |\n| The Mon Old Scotch Whisky | bottled and guaranteed by B. B. Woompang. By special appointment purveyor of whisky to A. F. W. the Prince of Wales. |\n| Scotch Whisky | A. F. Wine and Co., Japan. (Lion holding Axe, trade-mark.) |\n| Vieux Cognac | L. D. Piccardo, Geneva. (Priced 1.35 yen.) |\n\nA few hundred yards to the south-west of the Tiehling railway station, there is a Japanese flour-mill, belonging to the Manchurian Flour-Mill Company, which commenced work in June, and is reported to be turning out 1,200 50-lb. sacks of flour per day from local wheat. The flour, which is made in four qualities, is said to be 20 sen cheaper in each grade per sack than flour made in Japan, and the Company propose to erect similar mills at Newchwang, Mukden, and Antung.\n\nI left Tiehling on the afternoon of the 28th September and reached Mukden the same evening, travelling in one of the new American second-class carriages fitted temporarily with red plush seats as a first-class car. The workmanship of the car was somewhat rough in appearance, but the running was perfectly smooth. The young conductor was exceedingly civil and obliging.\n\nI remained at Mukden over the next day and called at \"Government House,\" the Governor-General's offices built in foreign style inside the city, over which the Chinese flag was flying. The Governor-General's residence, also in foreign style, is in course of erection next to \"Government House\"; but the most imposing foreign building I noticed lies between the city and the railway station, where the British-American Tobacco Company have put up an enormous factory for the manufacture of cigarettes. Its completion was expected towards the end of October.\n\nNext morning I left Mukden for Peking, joining the train of the Imperial Railways of North China at the South Manchurian railway station, the actual joining of the two lines being at present under discussion at Dairen (Dalny). The Chinese railway station, where the tickets are sold, is 2,000 yards distant from the Japanese station. When the new Japanese station is completed twelve months hence, they will be 2,500 to 3,000 yards apart.\n\nThe last girder of the twenty-span bridge now in course of construction across the Liao between Mukden and Hsin-min Fu will be placed in position in November. The chief central spans are 40 feet above high-water mark—much higher than the old bridge built by the Japanese still in use; but they are not sufficiently high to admit of the passage of junks without unshipping or lowering their masts.\n\nThe Chief Traffic Inspector of the Chinese railways outside the wall (i.e., north of Shan-hai-kuan), who travelled in the same train from Mukden to Kou-pang-tzu, the junction of the Hsin-min Fu and Newchwang lines, where he resides, informed me that duty-free goods (such as flour) arriving from a port are no longer taxed at Kou-pang-tzu, which was his complaint to me when I last visited Manchuria. He said, however, that many imports still come forward unaccompanied by exemption certificates and are duly taxed. This is, of course, in accordance with the Customs Regulations for Manchuria which came into force last year, and it is a curious fact that merchants at Hsin-min Fu and Fa-ku-men whom I met had never heard of the issue of such certificates and were incredulous of my statement that they are obtainable from the Customs if applied for in due form; and they appeared still more incredulous of my statement that a Chinese custom-house was established at Dairen on the 1st July, 1907, being under the impression that goods passing through that port are still duty-free.\n\nThe traffic on the Chinese Railway is undoubtedly heavily handicapped by the presence of li-kin or other tax stations along their lines, where all exports and uncertificated goods are taxed. Such tax stations are not permitted on the South Manchurian Railway, and when the Imperial Railways of North China have endeavoured to compete by lowering freights, the taxes have been proportionately raised, the profits going to the tax stations, and not to the railway. Under these circumstances, the railway has given up in despair the attempt to compete by lowering rates.\n\nThe conclusion at which I have arrived after visiting Hsin-min-t'un (Hsin-min Fu), Fa-ku-men (Fu-min Ting), and Tiehling, is that Fa-ku-men is much more intimately connected commercially with Hsin-min-t'un than with Tiehling, and that an extension of the Imperial Railways of North China from Hsin-min-t'un to Fa-ku-men would serve a rich agricultural area and its hinterland, which has at present only a very limited connection with the South Manchurian Railway, whether at Tiehling or any other station to the north or south of it.\n\n## 5\n\nPage 306", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 421520, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 309, "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "In proof of the commercial relations between Fa-ku-men and Hsin-min-t'un (Hsin-min Fu) I am enabled to give the following figures relating to the traffic handled during the twelve months ended the 31st August, 1908, by the Imperial Railways of North China between Hsin-min Fu and Newchwang via Kou-pang-tzu and between Hsin-min Fu and stations south-west of Kou-pang-tzu as well as the share of that traffic between Hsin-min Fu and the Fa-ku-men district :--\n\n1. Hsin-min Fu to Newchwang-\n| Commodity | Tons |\n| --- | --- |\n| Millet (Kao-liang) | 1,100 |\n| Other grain | 5,370 |\n| Beans and bean-cake | 39,904 |\n| Bean oil | 800 |\n| General merchandize | 460 |\n| Total | 47,134 |\n\n2. Newchwang to Hsin-min Fu-\n| Commodity | Tons |\n| --- | --- |\n| Kerosene oil | 810 |\n| Sugar | 84 |\n| Salt | 11,206 |\n| Timber | 2,067 |\n| General merchandize | 1,681 |\n| Total | 15,208 |\n\n3. Hsin-min Fu to stations south-west of Kou-pang-tzu--\n| Commodity | Tons |\n| --- | --- |\n| Millet (Kao-liang) | 11,040 |\n| Other grain | 38,745 |\n| Beans and bean-cake | 1,070 |\n| Bean oil | 120 |\n| General merchandize | 11,397 |\n| Total | 62,372 |\n\n4. Stations south-west of Kou-pang-tzu to Hsin-min Fu--\n| Commodity | Tons |\n| --- | --- |\n| Salt | 16,310 |\n| Grain | 240 |\n| General merchandize | 22,428 |\n| Timber | ... |\n| Total | 39,026 |\n\nFrom the above it will be seen that the traffic between the Fa-ku-men district and Tiehling for the twelve months ended the 31st August, 1908, amounted to 28,050 tons, against 55,830 tons between the Fu-ku-men district and Hsin-min-t'un (Hsin-min Fu) for the same period. In other words, the traffic of the Fu-ku-men district carried by the Imperial Railways of North China at Hsin-min-t'un is double its traffic with the South Manchurian Railway at T'iebling.\n\n(Signed) ALEX. HOSIE,\nActing Commercial Attaché,\nPeking, October 21, 1908.\n\nThe above figures show that the total quantity of goods carried by the Imperial Railways of North China during the twelve months ended the 31st August from Newchwang and places south-west of Kou-pang-tzu to Hsin-min Fu was 54,324 tons and from Hsin-min Fu to Newchwang and places south-west of Kou-pang-tzu junction 109,506 tons, a total to and from Hsin-min Fu of 163,830 tons.\n\nThe Chinese Customs authorities at Hsin-min Fu have supplied the following figures representing the Fa-ku-men district's share of the above rail-borne traffic.\n\n5. Hsin-min Fu to Fa-ku-men district-\n| Commodity | Tons |\n| --- | --- |\n| General merchandize | 10,540 |\n\n6. Fa-ku-men district to Hsin-min Fu-\n| Commodity | Tons |\n| --- | --- |\n| Beans | 19,510 |\n| Bean-cake | 25,250 |\n| Grain | 680 |\n| Total | 45,290 |\n\nA grand total of 55,830 tons, or over 34 per cent. of the total traffic handled by the Imperial Railways of North China between Hsin-min Fu, Newchwang, and the country to the south-west of Kou-pang-tzu junction.\n\nFrom the same source I have been supplied with the following figures representing the traffic between Fa-ku-men district and Tiehling for the twelve months ended the 31st August:-\n\n7. Tiehling to Fa-ku-men district-\n| Commodity | Tons |\n| --- | --- |\n| General merchandize | 8,550 |\n\n8. Fa-ku-men district to Tiehling-\n| Commodity | Tons |\n| --- | --- |\n| Beans and bean-cake | 15,300 |\n| Grain (all kinds) | 4,200 |\n| Total | 19,500 |", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 422113, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 142, "title": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n[12449]\nNo. 1.\n\nRace 24 APR 09)\n\n[March 30.]\n\n### SECTION 1.\n\nQuestion asked in the House of Commons, March 30, 1909.\n\nEarl Winterton,- To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether His Majesty's Government have received official notification that China has addressed a formal despatch to the Japanese Minister in Peking asking that the whole of the Manchurian question shall be submitted to The Hague Tribunal; whether they have received official advice that the Japanese Minister is endeavouring to induce China to withdraw this despatch; and, if this is the case, do His Majesty's Government propose to take any steps in the matter, and are they prepared to instruct His Majesty's Minister in Peking to support China in this demand.\n\nAnswer.\n\nHis Majesty's Government have received no notification on the subject either from China or Japan, though I understand that the Japanese Government have declined to submit to arbitration certain questions connected with Manchuria. I do not see on what ground His Majesty's Government can intervene in the matter.\n\n[2194 gg-1]\n\nPage 140\n\nhas during the past year entirely reformed its methods, and is now at least equally as efficient, if not more so, than the Chinese Administration. Capable postal officers have been appointed at the larger centres, and large sums have been spent on the building and equipment of post-offices at Newchwang, Liaoyang, Mukden, Tiebling, and Kuan-chengtsu, the towns in which the Chinese post-offices feel their competition most keenly.\n\nThe Chinese Administration is at a considerable disadvantage in that it is forced to hand over its mails to Japanese offices for conveyance in the case of all places fed by the South Manchurian Railway, for naturally over lines of communication in their own hands the Japanese service can command greater dispatch than the Chinese post, which has to hand over and receive mails at times fixed by the Japanese.\n\nFurther, the Japanese post-offices have declined to receive Chinese parcels as mail matter, and consequently the parcels have hitherto been handed to the South Manchurian Railway, who have transmitted them at ordinary freight rates. Recently the Railway has declined to carry parcels at freight rates, and have demanded a special parcel rate at an advanced charge of 90 cents per picul per 100 miles. The Postal Commissioner has protested against this charge, but hitherto, I understand, with no success.\n\nAs regards the carriage of international mail matter, the arrangements as reported in my previous despatch still continue in force. The Chinese authorities have, however, for the past six months been engaged in negotiating an Agreement with the Russian Post Office at Harbin, under which incoming mails should be handed to the Chinese Administration at Harbin instead of as at present to the Japanese post-office at Kuanchengtsu.\n\nMr. Watson, the Postal Commissioner, informed me to-day that an Agreement to this effect had been signed, and under it the Chinese post has the right of running a postal car over the Chinese Eastern Railway system.\n\nMr. Watson, to whom I am indebted for most of the material of the present report, has asked that any information he may have given me may be treated as confidential.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) \n**R. WILLIS**\n\nC.O. 13950\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 422705, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 108, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "# The Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n## CHINA TRADE\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n[24079]\n\n### No. 1.\n\n24419 \nJune 28.10 \nREGR 22 JUL 09, SECTION 1.\n\n(No. 174.) Sir,\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey,- (Received June 28.)\n\nPeking, May 10, 1909.\n\nMY despatches No. 563 of the 31st December last and No. 148 of the 9th ultimo will have informed you of the serious danger which threatens the port of Newchwang, owing to the condition of its main waterway into the interior, and the accompanying despatch from His Majesty's consul at Newchwang describes the steps which the consular authorities and the foreign community at the port have recently taken to induce the Provincial Government to recognise its duty in the matter.\n\nThe amelioration of the Liao River seems to be a matter of urgent necessity if the existence of Newchwang as a treaty port is to be maintained, and so far the repeated representations which have been made on the subject have not produced much practical result.\n\nI took advantage of the presence here of Hsi Liang, the new Viceroy of Manchuria, to press the matter upon his Excellency's attention at an interview which I had with him on the 6th instant. The present state of the river was fully explained to him, and stress was laid upon the unwisdom, in China's own interests, of allowing trade to be diverted to Dalny which would, in the natural course of things, go to Newchwang. The Chinese customs revenue and the Chinese railway administration both suffered from the neglect of the Liao River, and the short-sighted fiscal system which prevailed in Manchuria.\n\nHis Excellency, who had never been in Manchuria and had no previous knowledge of the question, listened attentively to all that I urged, and asked some pertinent questions with regard to the proposed conservancy measures, their probable cost, and the effect the closing of the Shuang Tui Tzu Canal was likely to have on the water supply of the people.\n\nHe promised to give the matter his careful attention on his arrival in Mukden, and I have instructed His Majesty's consul-general at that place and the consul at Newchwang to continue their efforts to secure some improvement in the river.\n\nI also suggested to the Viceroy the expediency of opening Chin Chow and Ssu Ping Chieh to foreign trade, and he promised to bear the suggestion in mind. The former would serve as a winter port to Newchwang, and the question of opening the latter was brought to my notice by Mr. Scott, of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire, who pointed out that there was no trade mart in the long stretch of country between Tiehling and Kuan Cheng Tzu and indicated Ssu Ping Chieh as the most suitable place for the purpose.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n### (No. 5.) Sir,\n\n#### Inclosure in No. 1.\n\nConsul Wilkinson to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nNewchwang, April 30, 1909.\n\nI HAVE the honour to report to you on the question of the conservancy of the Liao River.\n\nReference has been made to this subject in several of my predecessors' despatches to His Majesty's legation and also by Sir Alexander Hosie in his report on his visit in the autumn of 1907 to the principal trade centres of Manchuria. More recently His Majesty's consul-general at Mukden communicated to you a summary of the recommendations for the improvement of the river made by Mr. Hughes, the British civil engineer in the employment of the Manchurian Government, and mentioned that authority had been given for the construction of a weir at the entrance to the Shuang Tai Tzu Canal, on the immediate necessity of which special stress had been laid by Mr. Hughes.\n\n[2328 ce-1]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423043, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 446, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "# Letter on Sino-Japanese Disputes\n\n4\n\nwhich they acquired when they were Chinese subjects. They cannot be dispossessed of their lands and property because they have become Japanese subjects. And they are entitled, if they claim it, to Japanese consular protection until such time as extra-territoriality is abolished in China, as it has been abolished in Japan and is now being abolished in Siam.\n\nAn analogous case to that of Ch'ientao exists in the Shan States of Northern Siam, where a large proportion of the people are British subjects, natives of Burmah, and entitled to British consular protection. The establishment of the mixed court in Chiengmai in 1883 has worked admirably. Its establishment directly led to the recent treaties by which England has recognised Siamese jurisdiction over British subjects. These British subjects were more numerous and held more land and forests in the Siamese Shan States than Korean subjects hold in Ch'ientao territory.\n\nIt seems to me unwise to strain this dispute, because the addition of more Koreans to the 70,000 Koreans resident in Manchuria and under the undisputed jurisdiction of the Japanese is not to be compared in importance with the recovery of the territory and the final determination of the boundary.\n\nBesides, there is another consideration that cannot be overlooked. Chinese have an immense vitality - an immense power of peaceful expansion. Their business methods are so much superior that Koreans and Japanese cannot under equal conditions hold their own against them. Put into competition in trade and agriculture, the Chinese will drive out the Japanese and Koreans. It is a well-known phenomenon. Just look at the case of Mukden. Three years ago the road from the railway station to the outer mud wall of the city was lined with Japanese houses, while from the mud wall to the centre of the city there were scattered many Japanese houses all along the route. At present the immense majority of these houses are either empty or are occupied by Chinese. And what is witnessed here will be witnessed in Ch'ientao when it is restored to China. Although Koreans there now largely outnumber the Chinese, this is a temporary condition only, and as the Chinese race expands its surplus population will quickly people the territory with Chinese.\n\n## 2. The Fakumen Railway\n\nThere can be no doubt that, while Japan has some technical right on her side, her exercise of that right is in conflict with assurances given by her to the world at the Portsmouth Treaty.\n\nThe Japanese inform me that they are prepared to consent to the extension by China of the Hsinmin-fu Railway to Fakumen, provided two conditions are agreed to: first, that China will consent not to extend the railway beyond Fakumen without previously consulting Japan; and second, provided that the South Manchurian Railway can build a railway joining Fakumen and Tiehling. Japan cannot insist upon this latter condition. Friendly negotiations ought to be able to arrange that the South Manchurian Railway would be permitted to build a short line to connect Tiehling with the eastern bank of the river, the bridge across the river and the extension from the river to Fakumen being built by the Chinese Government.\n\nIt is certain that Japan, if pressed to do so, will give a reply to the question addressed her by China last June, namely, to define what is the area meant by the words \"parallel to or in the neighbourhood of the South Manchurian Railway.\" Japan may be induced to define this area in a reasonable spirit. Once she has done so China would be free to build railways in the rich and fertile territory outside the competitive area.\n\n## 3. The Fushun Collieries\n\nThe chief people who will benefit by the development and exploitation of these mines are the Chinese in Manchuria; the chief people to view with alarm the development of these collieries are the Japanese coal-miners in Japan. The Fushun collieries will be a serious competitor of Japanese collieries. Japan exports some 20,000 tons of coal per day. The Fushun collieries will be able to produce 10,000 tons of coal per day, and the fear of this competition is creating considerable apprehension in Japan.\n\nEven if the Japanese company make the profits they expect of the Fushun collieries, it is after all the Chinese who will mainly profit. Cheap coal supplied to the Chinese in Manchuria will enormously develop all manner of industries. It will benefit the people. The mines will give employment to a great number of Chinese.\n\nIt seems to me that the settlement of the dispute as to the rights of private owners in these mines can be effected without great difficulty. The Japanese declare to me that they are willing to arrange for the just and adequate compensation of the private individuals who had ownership with the Russians in these mines, and to pay China a royalty on all coal extracted from the mines. This seems to me to be an easy basis for agreement.\n\n5\n\nOther small cases I have not referred to, for I fear that I have already made my letter of too great length. But the net result of the impressions I have formed is:\n\n1. Japan desires to come to terms.\n2. England, the ally of Japan, desires the settlement of the disputes, and will render assistance as a friend of both countries.\n3. That it is an opportune time to come to terms.\n4. That if after negotiation it is found impossible to come to terms, China will be in a position to state her case to the world, and claim to submit the dispute to the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague, which has been specially created to \"deal with international disputes which it has not been possible to settle by diplomacy.\"\n\nPeking, June 24, 1909.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423095, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 498, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "496 \n\n4 \n\nand expenditure of taxes, suffered within the last few years in the matter of maintenance of roads, inefficient lighting, indifferent policing, sanitation, and other municipal services which should, for the general welfare and prosperity of the port and of the trade passing through it, be conducted on a more practical and modern system and at a higher standard of efficiency than has up to the present been possible under the existing régime, in spite of the praiseworthy efforts and manifestly good intentions which have, on more than one occasion, been conspicuously noticeable on the part of the leading Chinese officials of the port.\n\nWe have, &c.\n\nBUSH BROS. (And 45 others.)\n\n(No. 6.) Sir,\n\nInclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nSir J. Jordan to Consul Wilkinson.\n\nI spoke to the German and American representatives on the question of the establishment of an international settlement at Newchwang, which formed the subject of your despatch No. 8 of the 28th ultimo.\n\nPeking, June 22, 1909.\n\nM. de Mutius, who is at present representing the German Minister, gave me confidentially a copy of a memorandum by the German consul-general at Mukden, of which a translation is enclosed herewith, deprecating the proposed settlement mainly on the ground that Newchwang is doomed to inevitable decay in the future.\n\nMr. Fletcher informed me that, while he had no personal views on the matter, he understood that the proposal had the cordial support of the American consul-general at Harbin and he would therefore give any assistance which might be required of him.\n\nI think that in the interests of the comfort and well-being of the foreign community and for the better governance of the quarter inhabited by foreigners, the establishment of an international settlement is desirable and I accordingly authorise you to enter into negotiations with the local authorities to that end.\n\nI fear, however, that the Chinese authorities, in their present condition of feeling concerning China's sovereign rights, are not likely to agree readily to the proposal.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed) J. N. JORDAN.\n\nInclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\nMemorandum by Dr. Heintges.\n\nThe answer to the question as to the desirability of pressing for the establishment of an international concession at Newchwang depends largely on what answer is to be given to the further question as to what future can be ascribed to Newchwang as a harbour and centre of commerce. The following observations on this subject may be of interest:\n\nNewchwang owes its development as a trade centre to two circumstances. For the foreign merchant, it was formerly the only entrance into Manchuria and Mongolia. This monopoly, however, it possesses no longer. In the place of that one port, we now find five, besides seventeen other trade centres in the interior of Manchuria, to which, as soon as the proper import duties have been fixed, foreign and domestic products can be brought either by sea or land. The natural result is that all these places share the existing trade, and, although the majority of them are not as yet very serious competitors, some of them at any rate are already making their influence felt. The most dangerous rival is Dalny, which, thanks to its better situation and harbour facilities, finds itself in a much more favourable position than Newchwang. It is the terminus of the South Manchurian line, it is ice-free and offers the best possible facilities for ships up to 5,000 tons. The export of beans, once the monopoly of Newchwang, is now being attracted more and more to Dalny. Thanks to the decentralisation of trade, the foreign merchant can no longer carry on his dealings exclusively in Newchwang but must be represented in the other ports as well, a process which the development of trade is bound to accelerate to the detriment of Newchwang.\n\nThe second circumstance which aided the prosperity of Newchwang was the fact that the port lies at the head of the navigation of the Liao River for sea-going vessels, and that a service of Chinese junks made it possible to carry on a brisk freight traffic with the interior. Further, the place became the centre of a whole network of cart-roads concentrating on Newchwang as the only outlet for exports. Owing to the harbour being closed by ice from the middle of November till the middle of March, the junks and carts divided the traffic between them, the former carrying on the trade in the summer time while the latter took their share of the freight in the winter. Newchwang thus became a great mart for both foreign and domestic goods. Two facts have, however, brought about a change in these favourable conditions. The Liao River has lost a great part of its facilities for navigation. From Tiehling down, the river is in a bad condition; the banks are falling in, making the stream wider and shallower. Extensive dredging and embankment works would be necessary to bring about an improvement in this respect. What particularly threatens the harbour of Newchwang and the junk traffic, which latter is at present but a fraction of what it formerly was, is the recent change in the river's course to the sea, the so-called Shuang Tai Tzu branch having already a greater volume of water than the main stream, a state of things which bids fair to become worse every year. The most effective means of dealing with the lack of water in the Liao River would be the barring of the Shuang Tai Tzu; this is, however, not practicable, as a large population has settled along the shores of this branch and depends on its water for irrigation purposes. For the same reason, it would not be possible to build a dam across the Shuang Tai Tzu, allowing the overflow of such water as the Liao did not require, because irrigation is necessary particularly when the river has sunk to its lowest level. A system of sluices is excluded because of the expense entailed, and would, besides, be but of small practical utility. In these circumstances, the only plan would seem to be an artificial narrowing of the Shuang Tai Tzu. We must also add to these unfortunate conditions the danger of the river breaking through its banks at Duck Island, which would directly threaten the town of Newchwang, and also the bad state of the stream in its lower courses.\n\nThe improvement of existing conditions would entail the expenditure of many millions of taels with scarcely any hope of return. Who is to advance the money? The Chinese treasury is empty, and the Government will scarcely be willing to advance an enormous sum in order to save Newchwang from gradual ruin. From the Government point of view, it would be preferable to devote the money towards the establishment of an ice-free port in southern Manchuria. Besides, it would be cheaper, if one were ready to face the expense, to utilise the Liao River for the construction of a junk canal. Newchwang itself cannot possibly contribute any large share of the cost.\n\nSecondly, as regards the cart traffic, the construction of railways in Manchuria has already made considerable inroads, and will make its influence still further felt as soon as healthy competition forces the lines to put their freight rates on a sensible basis. The numerous advantages of the railways are so striking that the Chinese trader, who has generally a good eye for such matters, will slowly but surely avail himself of such modern methods of transit, at any rate, where it is a question of long distances. This means, unfortunately, the ruin of Newchwang as a market, for where railways are concerned, it is most ungenerously treated.\n\nIt cannot be said that in these circumstances Newchwang can reasonably expect a brilliant future. In the near future, however, the unavoidable decay will not be very marked, for the conservative spirit of the Chinese traders will keep them as long as possible in the place where they have now been settled for so many years. Characteristic of theirs did not stop them, nevertheless, from going to Dalny as soon as that port was opened, and although some of them may have since returned, it would seem to be due solely to the tactless behaviour of the Japanese. Apart from this, the volume of trade in Manchuria is growing year by year, and the fact that the statistics of the Imperial Maritime Customs at Newchwang show no decrease must not by any means be taken to mean that that place has an equal, much less a greater share of trade than it had in the past.\n\nThe mere fact that there seems such scanty hope for the future development of Newchwang would of itself lead one to doubt the desirability of establishing an international settlement at that port.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423102, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 505, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "# Memorandum\n\nAs I wished to be informed exactly as to the actual working of the system under these regulations, I requested His Majesty's consul-general at Mukden to furnish me with a report based upon his knowledge of local conditions. Mr. Willis's information confirms what has been written above. He adds that the governor-general of Kuantung is charged with the general supervision of the railway, and is responsible for the maintenance of a police force in the various settlements, the control of which is delegated by him to the local Japanese consular official.\n\nFor executive purposes inside the settlement limits, the Japanese consul is regarded as the agent of the Kuantung Government, and reports to the governor-general, and not to the Foreign Office at Tokyo, while appeals from the decisions of the settlement magistrates lie to the courts in the leased territory instead of to the consular courts.\n\nIt is true that the regulations provide that the railway company may establish, if necessary, councils in each settlement, but they are mere advisory boards appointed by the railway officials themselves, and their only power is to answer questions addressed to them by the director of the settlement. So far, even this limited machinery for arriving at some sort of popular expression of views has only been established in two or three places. The principle of extra-territoriality of the settlements has been carefully maintained, and although Chinese subjects reside in them in considerable numbers, the Chinese officials are not allowed to participate in any way in the administration.\n\nMr. Willis says that, as far as he is aware, no European or American has hitherto resided or applied to reside in the railway territory, but the question of their residence and position there is likely to arise sooner or later. Although it is true that at Mukden there has been no attempt to convert the railway settlement into a commercial town, yet at Antung, the South Manchurian Railway Company or the Japanese Government control practically all the land desirable for residential sites, and a very excessive proportion of the available river frontage, and Mr. Willis has learnt that at Liaoyang and Tiehling, Japanese towns of considerable size have already sprung up between the railway station and the Chinese cities, and the land held by the company at every important centre is sufficient to admit of the establishment of similar towns.\n\nTo sum up, the whole administrative machinery in the Japanese settlements is purely official—there is no recognition of China's sovereign rights; no participation by China in the governance of matters concerning her own subjects; and no recognition, implied or otherwise, of the rights of the subjects of Treaty Powers. The practical withdrawal of tracts of Chinese soil from the area in which the Chinese authorities are to exercise authority, and the subjects of foreign Powers are to enjoy the rights secured to them by treaty with China, undoubtedly runs counter not only to the text of the international arrangements into which China has entered, but also the spirit and intention of the recent Sino-Russian agreement. The question is more likely to increase in importance than otherwise, for, as I have already pointed out, the railway administration owns practically all the desirable land in every important centre, and the probable growth of these communities will consequently take place on territory to which the Japanese claims of administration will apply.\n\nIt appears to me, therefore, that Mr. Ishii was rather optimistic in his statement, and that not only would a proposal from the Chinese Government to enter into an arrangement similar to that concluded with Russia prove very embarrassing to Japan, but that a rigid adherence to her present system of government in the settlements may well in the future involve her in difficulties with the Treaty Powers, whose rights she will be disregarding.\n\nMr. Willis reports that the Japanese consul-general had admitted to him that, although the Japanese Government held that under the Russo-Chinese agreement of 1896 they possessed exclusive rights of administration in the railway area, yet they would, he thought, in view of the recent Harbin agreement, be forced sooner or later to take up this question with the Chinese Government.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(In the absence of His Majesty's Minister),\n\nW. G. Max Müller\n\nPage 363\n\n`30925` \n`31609` Fatshan\" Incident \n`503` DOMESTIC.\n`JR241` \n`1739-A. & H. W.--20962/27- 26000-11-08`\nNext subsequent Paper `32468` \n3 Sept. 1909 \nSign Office \nast Previous Paper. \n7609 \n760 23 SEP OC \nRoycott of Butterfield at Swire. \nSinds copy despatch from Piking \nMr. Stukt. Collins \nhe shake pressimatly at the in print \neventually \n? Tently. \n0.0 \n1609 \nHONG KONG", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423386, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 789, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## to examine northward trains on the frontier I am not prepared to say without fuller information than I at present possess regarding the working of the customs at Dairen, In this connection I have the honour to enclose copy of a despatch addressed by Mr. Gordon, His Majesty's vice-consul at Dairen, to His Majesty's acting consul-general at Mukden, commenting on Mr. Willis's despatch on this subject. Mr. Gordon, while confirming the suspicion that wholesale smuggling of goods must have been carried on from the Kwantung leased territory into Manchuria during the year 1908, takes the view that if the work of the Chinese customs at Dairen were efficiently performed it should be impossible for goods to pass into the interior illegally. I think that Mr. Gordon has perhaps not given sufficient weight to the considerations, firstly, that the Customs have no control whatever over foreign imports until they are declared for the interior, and, secondly, that the Dairen agreement expressly provides that the Customs staff shall be wholly Japanese. However, his despatch shows that it is not certain that the establishment of a customs station on the frontier would provide an effective remedy.\n\nThe question is one which directly concerns the customs revenue, and Mr. Willis states that it has been referred by the commissioner of customs at Mukden to the inspectorate-general at Peking, I understand from Sir Robert Bredon that he has called the attention of the commissioner of customs at Dairen to the points raised, and has instructed him to furnish a full report on the existing customs procedure at Dairen and the posts on the frontier, and on the measures that can be taken under the agreement, or any modification thereof, to prevent the passing of the frontier by uncertificated goods, whether by rail or otherwise. The matter is engaging the attention of the customs, and as the acting inspector-general has promised to communicate to me the result of his enquiries, I defer further consideration of the question until I am in possession of the information thus to be obtained.\n\nAs I am forwarding a copy of this despatch to His Majesty's Ambassador at Tokyo.\n\n(No. 39.) Sir,\n\nInclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nI have, &c.\nJ. N. JORDAN,\nActing Consul-General\n\nWillis to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nMukden, September 1, 1909.\n\nIN my despatch No. 62 of the 28th September last I pointed out that there was no examination of goods entering Manchuria from the Kwantung leased territory, and that, although there was no proof that advantage had been taken of this fact to smuggle goods into the country, under the existing procedure the Chinese Customs relied entirely on the good faith of the South Manchurian Railway.\n\nI have recently received a despatch from the acting commissioner of the foreign board at Mukden, in which he states that Mr. Tachibana, the acting commissioner of Chinese customs at Tairen, has recently brought to the notice of the provincial authorities that many foreign merchants neglect to take out the exemption certificates provided for in the provisional regulations of November 1907, and that consequently orders have been issued to the Fengtien Board of Revenue to collect li-kin and other inland taxes on goods not accompanied by such certificates.\n\nThe figures given in the Customs returns of trade from the 1st July, 1907, up to the end of last year appear to indicate that certain merchants are taking advantage of the fact that goods declared for the leased territory enter free of duty to afterwards forward these goods into Manchuria in considerable quantities without having recourse to any customs formalities.\n\n| Item | Value/Quantity (1907) | Value/Quantity (1908) | Sent into Interior |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Foreign imports into Tairen (excluding railway material) | 7,412,365 taels | 13,104,834 taels | - |\n| Goods forwarded into Manchuria by rail | 1,567,587 taels | 4,645,079 taels | - |\n| Total import of foreign goods at Newchwang | 10,587,235 taels | 15,151,734 taels | - |\n| Cotton goods imported into Tairen | - | 1,002,712 pieces | 591,922 pieces |\n| Newchwang imports of cotton goods | - | 1,452,641 pieces | - |\n| Japanese cotton goods (unclassed) via Tairen | 82,907 pieces | 566,278 pieces | - |\n| Cigarettes imported into Tairen | - | 648,965 taels | 222,170 taels |\n| American flour imported into Tairen | - | 163,121 piculs | 38,019 piculs |\n\nThe total import of foreign goods at Newchwang and Tairen, which ports practically supply between them the wants of South Manchuria, amounted to 28,256,568 taels, of which according to the statistics goods of a value of no less than 8,459,755 taels, or roughly 30 per cent. of the whole, were consumed in the leased territory, the total population of which is less than 500,000, and in which, with the exception of Tairen itself, there is not a single town of even second-class importance.\n\nIn the body of his report for 1908 Mr. Tachibana mentions that the greater part of the foreign imports were for Japanese enterprises and for the use of Japanese residing in the leased territory and in Manchuria. The only articles, he states, imported in any quantity for the use of natives were cotton piece-goods, American flour, cigarettes, and sugar.\n\nA detailed examination of the three other articles referred to by Mr. Tachibana seems to support the inference I have drawn from a consideration of the statistics viewed as a whole.\n\nIf it is the case, as appears probable, in my opinion, from the above considerations, that the Chinese Customs are being defrauded by dishonest traders, the remedy proposed by the provincial authorities, namely, to levy li-kin and inland dues on goods unaccompanied by exemption certificates, appears to me entirely inefficacious, as there are no li-kin stations along the line of the South Manchurian Railway nor in any of the railway settlements.\n\nIn the case of imports into Tairen, and thence forwarded into the interior, the exemption certificate constitutes the proof that import duty has been paid, and unless the Chinese Customs establish a customs station at Pulantien on the frontier between the leased territory and Fengtien Province, where goods are subjected to an examination similar to that which now takes place at Manchuria and Pogranitchnaya stations on the Chinese Eastern Railway, I do not see how there can be any effective check on imports via Tairen, and foreign merchants will continue to suspect that Japan is making an unfair use of her railway facilities.\n\nIn connection with this subject there is another point to which I would like to draw your attention. It seems to me very probable that within a few years Tairen will become a considerable manufacturing centre. An experimental laboratory has been established there under the auspices of the South Manchurian Railway Company, and it is claimed that important economic discoveries in connection with the extraction and refining of bean oil, the treatment of the wild silk cocoon, and the distilling of spirit from \"kaoliang\" have been made already. A cement factory, I am informed, has been completed, whilst a tobacco factory is in course of erection, and other important enterprises appear to be contemplated both at Tairen and in the South Manchurian Railway settlements along the line. At Tiebling there is already a flour mill. At Changchun a model factory, I understand, is already working, whilst at Mukden a large distillery is approaching completion.\n\nThe question of the taxation to be levied on such enterprises appears to me one of considerable importance. Whilst their establishment seems likely in the main to affect Chinese interests and Chinese revenue, yet in the case of the cement and the tobacco factories British and other foreign interests are directly concerned. I understand from Mr. Bowra, the commissioner of customs here, that in the case of the cement factory a claim has been already made to Mr. Tachibana to allow the export into Manchuria on condition of payment of li-kin on arrival at the li-kin...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423705, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909", "page_number": 309, "title": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909", "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n[41853] \nNo. 1. \n[November \nC.O 40792 \nSECTION 3. \nRECS \nRec 17 FC 00 \n\n**(No. 389.)** Sir, \nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received November 15.) \nPeking, October 25, 1909.\n\nWITH reference to my despatch No. 249 of the 10th July last, in which I discussed the commercial rivalry between Newchwang and Dalny, I have the honour to enclose herewith an extract from a report by His Majesty's consul at Newchwang on the subject of the new tariff of the South Manchurian Railway. Mr. Wilkinson points out that the effect of the tariff is to discriminate unfairly in favour of Dalny as a shipping port and to handicap seriously the trade of Newchwang.\n\nI have, &c. \nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n## Inclosure in No. 1.\n### Extract from Report by Consul Wilkinson\n\nTHE new tariff of the South Manchurian Railway came into force on the 1st October. The traffic rates from Newchwang to Mukden and stations south of Mukden remain much the same as under the old tariff, but there is a small reduction to stations north of Mukden. The rates on the other hand, from Dalny to Mukden, are considerably lower than formerly, but to stations beyond Mukden, as far north as Kungchulin, the reduction is slightly less than from Newchwang. There is, therefore, a small difference now in the rates to these latter stations in favour of Newchwang. To Changchun (Kuanchengtzu) the rates, though also a trifle reduced, remain the same from both places.\n\nThe following table shows the changes that have been made in the car-load rates per ton (2,000 lbs.) from Newchwang and Dalny respectively in the case of goods of the third class, in which the main staples of Manchuria are included:\n\n| Destination | Newchwang Old | Newchwang New | Dalny Old | Dalny New | Difference (in favour of Newchwang) |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Mukden | 3.35 | 2.36 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 0.64 |\n| Tiehling | 5.40 | 4.68 | 5.40 | 5.00 | 0.32 |\n| Kaiyuan | 6.00 | 5.31 | 6.00 | 5.70 | 0.39 |\n| Changtu | 6.65 | 5.38 | 6.65 | 6.40 | 0.52 |\n| Shuangmiaotzu | 7.80 | 6.36 | 7.30 | 6.90 | 0.54 |\n| Szpingchieh | 7.30 | 6.87 | 7.30 | 7.30 | 0.48 |\n| Kuochatien | 8.00 | 7.38 | 8.00 | 7.80 | 0.32 |\n| Kungchulin | 8.00 | 7.86 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 0.14 |\n| Fanchiatun | 8.50 | 8.20 | 8.50 | 8.20 | ... |\n| Changchun | 8.50 | 8.80 | 8.50 | 8.80 | ... |\n\nHow unfair these rates are to Newchwang and the extent to which the trade of the port is handicapped by them the following figures will show.\n\nThe chief inland centres of trade in South Manchuria are Mukden, Tiehling, and Changchun. From Dalny to Mukden by the South Manchurian Railway is 247 miles. From Newchwang to Mukden by the same line is 110 miles. The distance, therefore, from Newchwang to Mukden is considerably less than one-half that from Dalny to Mukden. Yet the rate per ton from Dalny is only 4 gold yen, while that from Newchwang is 3.36 gold yen, a paltry difference in favour of Newchwang of 64 sen for a saving in distance of 136 miles. From Dalny again to Tiehling is 290 miles. From Newchwang to Tiehling is 153 miles. The rates are 5 gold yen and 4.68 gold yen... \nPage 308 \n[2495 p-3]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423706, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909", "page_number": 310, "title": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909", "content_text": "respectively, a difference in this case of 32 sen only in favour of Newchwang, although the distance from Dalny to Tiehling is nearly twice as great as from Newchwang to Tiehling. Lastly, from Dalny to Changchun is 433 miles. From Newchwang to Changchun is 297 miles. That is, Dalny is one-third again as far from Changchun as Newchwang is. Yet the rates from both places are the same.\n\nAgainst such obvious discrimination in favour of Dalny there might perhaps be no ground for complaint were the rates from Newchwang to the places mentioned reasonable ones. But this they are not. On the contrary, they are grossly excessive, and obviously intended to handicap the trade of the port in competition with that of Dalny. If further evidence of the fact be needed we have only to compare them with the rates on the Chinese line. On the latter the car-load rate for beans between Mukden and Newchwang is 3 dollars per ton (2,240 lbs.), as compared with 3.36 gold yen (4 dollars) per ton (2,000 lbs.) on the Japanese line. But by the Chinese line the distance between the two places is 52 miles greater than by the Japanese, so that the rate per mile works out at less than half the Japanese rate. Yet the Chinese rate is, I am told, a very profitable one. It is only the heavy li-kin on the Chinese line and the delay and expense entailed by the examination of goods at Koupangtzu that prevents the whole of the trade between Newchwang and Mukden from travelling by it, and it is for the same reason, of course, that the Japanese are able to maintain their present rates without fear of serious competition. When we consider, too, that the large majority of the cars conveying produce from the interior to Dalny travel back empty for lack of merchandise to fill them, whereas those coming to Newchwang—which is still the chief centre for imports into Manchuria—as a rule find some freight to take back with them; and further, that, owing to the heavy gradients in the Kuangtung Peninsula, the section between Ta Shih Chiao and Dalny entails the heaviest running expenses on the line, the injustice of these heavy rates to the trade of Newchwang and that of Manchuria generally becomes even more obvious. The port is the milch cow out of which the chief profits of the railway are being drawn, at the expense and to the detriment of the valuable trade of which Newchwang is the natural centre. Whether or not the Japanese succeed in their object of diverting this trade to Dalny, there can be no question, in my opinion, that the method they have adopted is injurious to foreign interests, and, therefore, a genuine subject of complaint. At the same time it should be mentioned, in justice to the South Manchurian Railway Company, that in their tariff as at first drawn up the rates were considerably more favourable to Newchwang than they now are, and that they were only altered under strong pressure from the Japanese mercantile community at Dalny, who protested that any advantage to Newchwang would ruin the bean-cake industry at their port.\n\nThe new tariff, though more advantageous in certain respects than the last, introduces certain innovations which have made it highly unpopular with the Chinese. What has excited most feeling against it is a new compulsory charge of 20 sen per ton for loading goods on to the cars and 15 sen for discharging them again. Hitherto the Chinese have been allowed to do this work with their own coolies, and they therefore strongly object to the charge. Another new demand is one of 30 sen a ton per half-day on goods which are not removed from a station within twelve hours of their arrival, which, owing to the weather or lack of notice, must often happen. These charges between them have so exasperated the Chinese that they have started a boycott of the railway, which up to date has been most rigorous. I understand, however, that a compromise is about to be arrived at.\n\nPage 309\n\n## AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n[44128]\n\n### No. 1.\n\nSir Edward Grey to Sir J. Jordan.\n\n**(No. 361.)**\nSir,\n\nForeign Office, December 3, 1909.\n\nWITH reference to my despatch `No. 351` of the 26th ultimo, I have to inform you that the Portuguese chargé d'affaires called at this department on the 26th ultimo and informed Sir F. Campbell that, according to a telegram which had reached Lisbon from General Machado, the Viceroy of Canton had taken possession of certain islands in the neighbourhood of Macao.\n\nSir F. Campbell expressed doubts, and informed M. Manoel that a telegram had just been dispatched to you to the effect that the Portuguese Government agreed to arbitration at The Hague, but were anxious that there should be no change in the status quo meanwhile, and that you had been instructed to inform the Chinese Government that I agreed with the Portuguese view.\n\nM. Manoel expressed his acknowledgments.\n\n`[2548 c-1]`\n\nI am, &c.\n\nE. GREY.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423766, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909", "page_number": 370, "title": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909", "content_text": "## 369 \n\n2 \n\npoured into the interior, matters have since much improved. This is shown by the following table of Japanese piece goods, specially mentioned as such in the Customs returns, imported through the Customs and forwarded into the interior by rail for the first half of 1908 and 1909 respectively.\n\n| Article | 1908 | 1909 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Shirtings (pieces) | 107,560 | 16,042 |\n| Sheetings (pieces) | 16,845 | 169,962 |\n| Drills (pieces) | 24,509 | 21,794 |\n| Table cloths | 61 | |\n| Cotton cloth (yards) | 1,099,470 | 2,522,707 |\n| Handkerchiefs (dozens) | 1,314 | 7,828 |\n| Towels (piculs) | 2,494 | 2,788 |\n| Yerus | | 19,052 |\n| | | 9,411 |\n\nAccording to the Government returns, the value of the imports of all classes of cotton goods up to the end of May of this year was not very much greater than that for the same period of 1908, and I believe that it will be found that the increase in imports is due to the much larger quantities brought in from Shanghae. The heavy increases in the quantities of goods sent into the interior by rail may be assumed therefore to have come from the stocks held over at the end of 1908.\n\nFlour --- The small quantity of flour that found its way up-country may be ascribed to the steadily decreasing value of silver during 1908, and to the competition of the Tiebling and Harbin flour mills. The trade appears to be a dying one.\n\nCigarettes. The statistics relating to cigarettes refer to values only, and consequently, for the reasons given further on, must be treated with suspicion. There are two other reasons for the small quantity sent into Manchuria. One is that the average Japanese is a far greater consumer of cigarettes than the Chinese, so that it is quite possible that over half the total quantity imported is consumed in the leased territory. Secondly, of the total value of 648,965 taels imported during 1908, 306,181 taels represented cigarettes other than Japanese - chiefly Egyptian. In Dairen, there are several foreign cigarette dealers who hold sole agencies for Manchuria, Corea, and Japan for various brands of Egyptian cigarettes, and I have reason to believe that these find their way to the last two countries rather than to the former.\n\nSugar. The agent of the Taikoo sugar refinery paid a special visit to this port last year, and, after a thorough investigation, was satisfied that no smuggling of this article was carried on to any appreciable extent.\n\nThe foregoing will tend to explain to a great extent the disproportion between the imports into the leased territory and those into Manchuria through Dairen. Still, it is not absolutely satisfying, but as I have said before, it is impossible to explain fully any general charges.\n\nThe attention of the inspector-general of Customs at Peking was drawn to the question, and instructions were sent by him to the commissioner of Customs here to furnish a full report on the Customs procedure in the leased territory, and on the measures that can be taken under the agreement, or any modification thereof, to prevent the passing of the frontier by uncertificated goods, whether by rail or otherwise. The required report has been completed, and will be forwarded shortly.\n\nMr. Tachibana points out, in the first place, that merchandise imported into the leased territory is not \"passed at the custom house,\" as is generally understood by the phrase. Importers of cargo merely send in reports to the Customs, stating the quantity and value of their goods, and these reports have to be accepted by the Customs, which prepare their table of the \"values of trade\" for the year on them. As an instance of how arbitrary a value is sometimes placed on goods in these \"reports,\" Mr. Tachibana mentions that last year, application was made for the import into Manchuria of certain goods, the \"c.i.f.\" value of which proved to be 4,000 taels. By chance, however, it was discovered that these were the same goods which, at the time of their landing, had been reported at a value of 7,000 taels.\n\nAttention is next drawn to the enterprises carried on in the leased territory. The materials for the erection of a cement factory and machinery, therefore, cost some 583,000 yen, while the South Manchuria Railway Company's outlay in 1908 for materials, etc., exclusively for use in the leased territory, amounted to over 15,000,000 yen. The Yokohama Specie Bank estimated the value of building material consumed at 6,401,000 yen, and put the total consumption in the leased territory during last year at 72.6 per cent. of the total imports for the year.\n\nThe Commissioner then touches on the question of supplies for the Japanese garrison and railway guards in Kwantung and Manchuria, there being six battalions of the former and one division of the latter. It appears that when the Customs were first opened in 1907, the military authorities did not permit them to \"meddle with military matters,\" as they termed it, and used to load the supplies without having them passed at the Customs, and that this practice was followed up to the end of 1908. From this year on, however, Mr. Tachibana has succeeded in getting reports of the supplies forwarded by the Kwantung Army Supply Department. By this amount, the imports into Manchuria appear less than what they ought to have been.\n\nTaking next the connection of the railway company, it is pointed out, in the first place, that the specific tariff which applies to goods sent from Dairen and Newchwang stations only offers such a reduced rate as not to make it worth carrying away merchandise secretly from Dairen and loading it for the interior at a station at or near the boundary. Further, all railway station masters have instructions from head-quarters that no cargo intended for beyond the leased territory should be loaded unless passed by the Customs. It cannot be asserted positively that these orders are obeyed to the letter, but as the head Customs officer is often requested by telephone to send a man to pass goods at a station where no Customs officer is stationed, it appears that the instructions are well observed. As a further check against irregularity, an outdoor man is allowed to travel with a free pass up and down the line and constantly travels as far as Wafangtien to watch the movement of goods. In view of the willing co-operation of the railway authorities, Mr. Tachibana deprecates any such proposal as the placing of Customs seals on the cars or the checking of the goods on the cars at Pulantien, thereby delaying all trains by some thirty minutes, as this would be construed as doubting their sincerity, and the relations between the railway people and the Customs would at once return to their former state.\n\nAs regards the smuggling of goods across the frontier by cart, this may be carried on to a limited extent, but there is no means of stopping it. It is impossible to watch the whole coast line of the peninsula, so that if there be any smuggling of foreign imports, it should be by junks. The commissioner is trying to find out if there are any traces of this and, if so, will submit a full report. The work at Pitsewo appears to be satisfactory.\n\nThere is an unsatisfactory article in the present Customs regulations under which articles, the produce of or manufactured from the produce of the leased territory, may pass into the interior free of duty. Such articles at present consist of cement, fish, and ground nuts. Of these, cement is passed free of duty, but all importers of ground nuts and some importers of fish are in the habit of paying the general tariff duty before the goods are sent into the interior.\n\nMr. Tachibana recommends -\n\n(a) A fundamental change in the Customs agreement, abolishing the free area and the placing of the Customs on the same footing as that at Kiaochow.\n\nOr, since no agreement has yet been made regarding the procedure to be observed in case of frauds against the Customs or contravention of their rules, at least\n\n(b) The insertion of clauses similar to those in the Kiaochow agreement, such as -\n\n\"The Customs procedure is guided by the principles and follows the practice in force at the Chinese maritime custom-houses at the various treaty ports, and customs control, wherever necessary, is exercised by its officers.\"\n\n\"Confiscation and fines will be imposed according to the principles laid down in the treaties and which are in force at the maritime custom-house.\"\n\nAt present, the commissioner's authority is in a crippled condition, his right to inflict a fine or to confiscate goods being confined, according to the Japanese authorities, to three cases only (article 4, inland waters steam navigation in the agreements, articles 3 and 22 of the provisional regulations).\n\nThe Japanese authorities do not interpret article 12 of the agreement, \"The Customs tariff in force in the Chinese treaty ports shall be applied likewise by the", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 428100, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910", "page_number": 25, "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910", "content_text": "[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA,\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[46142]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n[December 20.]\n\nSECTION 4.\n\n(No. 341.) Sir,\n\nSir C. MacDonald to Sir Edward Grey,-(Received December 20.)\n\nTokyo, December 2, 1909.\n\nI HAVE the honour to enclose a copy of the new baggage and freight rates of the South Manchurian Railway Company, which I have received from the acting British vice-consul at Dairen. These rates came into force last month.\n\nA copy of a memorandum by Mr. Gordon is enclosed also, showing the principal points of difference between the new rates and those previously in force. The latter formed an enclosure in my despatch No. 156 of the 19th June, 1908.\n\nI am informed by Mr. Gordon that the new rates excited considerable opposition when first published, and that various modifications had to be made until they reached their present form.\n\nCopies of the enclosures in this despatch have been forwarded to His Majesty's Minister at Peking.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nCLAUDE M. MACDONALD,\n\nInclosure in No. 1.\n\nMemorandum by Acting Vice-Consul Gordon.\n\nTHE new freight rates of the South Manchuria Railway Company show considerable alterations as compared with those published in July 1908. Generally speaking, there is a reduction all round, and the tendency of the company to gather everything into its own hands is shown by the abolition of the rebate system, and the forwarding business being undertaken by the company itself. Newchwang obtains further relief, and rates to and from that port are cheaper than to and from Dairen as far as Kungchuling (399 miles), whereas from Tiebling (292.4 miles) and beyond they were equal. The principal alterations made are as follows:-\n\n1. Abolition of Chinese weights and substitution of Japanese weights. Owing to the similarity of these two systems the alteration is more apparent than real.\n\n2. Alteration in extra charges for heavy goods. The former rates were: Articles over 18 feet in length, or weighing singly more than 3 tons, 20 per cent.; over 30 feet in length, or weighing singly more than 5 tons, 50 per cent.\n\nOver 3 tons per piece6101520253151\n********20304050\nby special arrangement.\n\nThe new rates are-\n\nPer cent.\n\nwhile as regards the size of articles, 50 per cent. is charged on those over 21 feet and under 33 feet, the rates on articles over the latter figure being by special arrangement.\n\n3. With the undertaking of the forwarding business by the company itself, new charges are fixed for loading and unloading at the terminal points, and fees taken for such goods as may be sent on the \"cash on delivery\" system.\n\n4. The demurrage rates are altered and made slightly cheaper, being 30 sen per ton for every twelve hours as against 70 sen per ton for every twenty-four hours.\n\n5. New regulations have been issued regarding the value of goods, and the company will undertake responsibility to a certain extent. The charges are 10 sen per 100 yen, the minimum being 1 yen.\n\n6. Formerly goods of any class were accepted by the car-load, but as the company is itself undertaking the forwarding business, first-class goods will be accepted only by the \"kin\" rates.\n\n[2548 u-4]\n\n* Not printed.\n\n24\n\nPage 24\n\n \n[end of page]\n\n[Page 25]\n\n \n[start of page]\n\n \n...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 428101, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910", "page_number": 26, "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910", "content_text": ":|\n\n2\n\n7. Alterations in the special freight rates, and their adaptation to goods to and from Port Arthur station. The following table shows the advantages gained by Newchwang at the principal points along the line for third-class goods, i.e., cereals, bean cake, &c.:--\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[December 21.]\n\nSECTION 1.\n\nDairen.\n\n \n \n To and from---\n Old Rates.\n New Rates.\n Old Rates.\n New Rates.\n \n \n \n \n \n Yen per ton.\n Yen per ton.\n Yen per ton.\n Yen per ton.\n \n \n Mukden..\n 4.90\n 4.50\n 3.95\n 3.36\n \n \n Tielling..\n 5.40\n 5.00\n 5.40\n 4.68\n \n \n Kaiyuan\n 6.00\n 6.70\n 6.00\n 5.31\n \n \n Changtu\n 6.65\n 6.40\n 6.65\n 5.88\n \n \n Szupingchieh\n 7.80\n 7.30\n 7.30\n 6.87\n \n \n Kungchuling\n 8.00\n 8.00\n 8.00\n 7.86\n \n \n Fanchiatun\n 8.50\n 8.20\n 8.50\n 8.20\n \n \n Changchun\n 8.50\n 8.30\n 8.50\n 8.30\n \n \n\n8. A special discount is made on gunny bags sent from Dairen or Newchwang. When the weight exceeds 3,000 kin, the charge will be 20 sen per 100 kin, irrespective of distance. This has been done to encourage the use of new bags and to reduce expenses as much as possible in the trade in the staple products of Manchuria.\n\nE. G.\n\nDairen, November 23, 1909.\n\n[46372]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n(No. 213.) Sir,\n\nSir Edward Grey to Sir C. MacDonald.\n\nForeign Office, December 21, 1909.\n\nI took an opportunity on the 17th instant of giving the Japanese Ambassador a summary of all that had passed respecting Macao, including a statement of our position in the matter, as described in the telegram which I was sending to Sir John Jordan, on hearing that the Chinese had refused arbitration.\n\nI explained to the Ambassador that I was not making an official communication to him or asking that any action should be taken, but that, in view of our alliance, I thought it was as well to keep him informed of the situation.\n\n[2548-1]\n\nI am, &c.\n\nE. GREY.\n\n25", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 428102, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910", "page_number": 27, "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910", "content_text": "[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[46622]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n[December 24.]\n\nSECTION 1.\n\nSir,\n\nBoard of Trade to Foreign Office.(Received December 24.)\n\nBoard of Trade, December 23, 1909.\n\nI AM directed by the Board of Trade to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 25th November with its enclosure relative to a new scale of rates recently introduced on the South Manchurian Railway.\n\nThe list of rates forwarded by His Majesty's consul at Newchwang indicates that the new rates to places beyond Kungchulin are identical from Dalny and Newchwang, whilst those to nearer points on the line are less from Newchwang than from Dalny. In the circumstances, the board are not able to share Mr. Wilkinson's view that the new schedule of rates indicates undue discrimination in favour of the latter port, in view of the common practice of competing railways to charge similar rates for traffic to identical points, irrespective of the distances to be traversed on their respective systems.\n\nI am at the same time to point out that the new scale, though it reduces somewhat the preference enjoyed by Newchwang under the old scale for the carriage of goods to Mukden, actually accords a preference to that port for the carriage of goods to all stations from Tiehling to Kungchulin inclusive, with the single exception of Kuochatien, which did not exist under the old scale. Sir E. Grey will remember that after careful consideration of the rates of this earlier scale he was of opinion that it afforded no ground for protest, an opinion in which the board concurred.\n\nI am, &c.\n\nG. R. ASKWITH.\n\n[2548 aa-1]\n\n26\n\nPage 26\n\n[end of page]\n\n \n\n \n\nPage 27\n\n \n\n ", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 428534, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910", "page_number": 459, "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910", "content_text": "456\n\n9850\n\n2\n\nget is that it is open to them to remove their establishment to Dairen, a course which is obviously impossible, in view of the large amount of capital which they have sunk in Newchwang. The agent therefore asks the assistance of the chamber of commerce at making representations in the proper quarter in order that pressure may be brought upon the railway company so as to induce them to place their rates from Dairen and Newchwang on a mutually fairer basis than is at present the case.\n\nThe chamber have accordingly brought the matter in their turn to the notice of the consular body, by which it has been decided that each consul shall address his Minister separately on the question, my Japanese colleague objecting to a joint despatch to the doyen at Peking.\n\nThe Asiatic Petroleum Company's agent puts his case so clearly that comment on it on my part is scarcely necessary. As it may, however, be argued that, as long as the railway freight from Dairen to the interior is not lower than from Newchwang, the latter port is not at any actual disadvantage, even though deprived of the benefit which its closer proximity to the trade centres of Manchuria should give it, I venture to point out that sea freights to Newchwang are higher than to Dairen, and that for large steamers expenses here are considerably greater than they are at Dairen, so that the discrimination in the railway rates is without question a very severe handicap to the trade of this port. The importance of the question to the Asiatic Petroleum Company has been accentuated too by the fact that, tempted by the favourable freights offered and by the promises of the railway administration, the Standard Oil Company, their chief rivals, propose to make Dairen their head-quarters, and to erect there, instead of at Newchwang, the tanks they have in contemplation.\n\nI also enclose a copy of the letter addressed by the chamber of commerce to the senior consul, transmitting the Asiatic Petroleum Company's complaint.\n\nSir,\n\nI have, &c.\n\nEnclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nF. E. WILKINSON.\n\nNewchwang Chamber of Commerce to Mr. Beltchenko.\n\nNewchwang, January 29, 1910.\n\nI BEG to bring to the notice of your honourable body the disadvantage at which Newchwang is placed vis-à-vis Dairen, in the matter of freight rates on certain commodities by the South Manchurian Railway.\n\nIn their latest freight tariff dated the 3rd November, 1909, equal rates are charged from both ports to the principal trade centres of Manchuria, although the distance from Dairen is 137 miles greater than from Newchwang.\n\nAs an illustration of the way in which this discrimination on the part of the South Manchurian Railway Company is affecting an important branch of Newchwang trade, I beg to lay before your honourable body the enclosed copy of a communication, dated the 28th instant, which this chamber has received from the Newchwang agent of the Asiatic Petroleum Company (Limited), London, in which it is pointed out as an instance that on its oil dispatched from Newchwang to Mukden the Company is most inequitably compelled to pay more than twice the freight per mile than is paid on oil from Dairen.\n\nThis chamber considers most unsatisfactory the verbal reply made by the South Manchurian Railway to the Asiatic Petroleum Company's representations, amounting as it virtually does to an admission that the rate basis has been fixed with the object of diverting trade from Newchwang to Dairen, and this chamber would ask your honourable body to take up this question with the object of securing, by fair and proportionate adjustment of mileage rates, that equality of treatment which the trade of Newchwang has the right to enjoy.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nW. F. HARLEY, Chairman.\n\n3\n\nEnclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nAsiatic Petroleum Company to Newchwang Chamber of Commerce.\n\nREP Real 4 APR 10\n\nSir,\n\nNewchwang, January 28, 1910. WE should like to draw your attention to the baggage and freight tariff of the South Manchurian Railway Company, published on the 3rd November, 1909, in which, on p. 33, under the heading \"Specific Freight Rates,\" there appears the following:-\n\nThe car-load rate on kerosene oil\n\n\"(V) Freight Rates on Kerosene Oil. from Dairen and Yingkou only shall be as follows :-\"\n\nFollowing this the rates are given per ton to Liaoyang, Mukden, Tiehling, Kaiyuan, Changtu, Ssupingchieh, Kungehuling, Changchun, and Kwanchengtau.\n\nThe list comprises all the important towns in Manchuria, and the distance from Dairen to any of these places is 137 miles greater than the distance from Newchwang (Yingkou), In making the freight rates the same from Dairen as from Newchwang the railway company are undertaking the haulage over this distance of 137 miles for nothing. To Mukden, for instance, the largest distributing centre in Manchuria, the distance from Dairen is 248.7 miles, while from Newchwang it is only 111 miles, so that on kerosene oil sent from here we are paying more than twice the rate of freight per mile than is paid on oil from Dairen.\n\nSuch discrimination is greatly to the detriment of the trade of this port, and entirely obviates the advantage which its closer proximity to the trade centres of Manchuria should give it; and at the same time it gives to companies establishing themselves at Dairen an unfair advantage over companies established at Newchwang.\n\nWe have gone to the expense of erecting an oil-tank installation at Newchwang and have made this port our head-quarters for Manchuria, relying on the principle of \"equal opportunity\" which Japan has so many times expressed a willingness and desire to maintain in this country. We are of opinion that the present schedule of rates is in contravention of that principle, and we have approached the South Manchurian Railway Company and put this view before them, but we are met only with the reply that it is quite open to us to establish our head-quarters in Dairen instead of in Newchwang. It is, however, obviously impossible, when capital has been sunk on tanks and buildings, &c., in one port, to transfer such tanks and buildings to another port without great loss; and we are thus hampered in every way in our endeavours to work the trade of Manchuria through Newchwang.\n\nIt is because we consider that the rates as published, not only on kerosene oil but on all goods, are calculated seriously to hamper the trade of Newchwang and to give a great and unfair advantage to the trade of Dairen that we wish to lodge this protest with you, and to ask the assistance of the chamber of commerce in making representations in the proper quarter, in order that some influence may be brought to bear upon the railway company so as to induce them to place their rates from the two ports on a mutually fairer basis than is at present the case.\n\nWe beg, &c. For the Asiatic Petroleum Company (Limited),\n\nG. S. HAWKINS.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 429049, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910", "page_number": 390, "title": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910", "content_text": "4\n\nthe railway board to agree to the formation of a company to collect shares and work the Hupei sections of the railways west and south. \"Now our trust in the delegates' patient persistence and the fiery spirit of our people has been vindicated, and we have attained a purely mercantile management and prevented our rights being drained abroad.\" Such was the tone of exhortations to the people to subscribe and to the directors to eradicate abuses in management. From Ichang it was reported that subscriptions had been invited for the Hankow-Ichang Railway, and that some 60,000 taels had been promised at that port. Considerable activity was displayed on the Ichang-Wanlisien section, where work under Chinese engineers was begun in December last. His Majesty's consul at Ichang reported that 3,000 workmen were being employed, and the number was soon to be raised to 20,000.\n\nThe line was to embankment was almost completed, with two large stone culverts. run inland from Ichang some 30 miles, and come out at the River Hsiang Chi, following the river for 7 or 8 miles to Kueichow. Thence the route was not yet determined on. At a point some 30 miles from Ichang two tunnels of 6,000 and 10,000 feet respectively were to be bored by hand.\n\nReforms.\n\nThe quarterly reports from several provinces state that the new so-called reforms, especially the new police, schools, and courts, are proving expensive luxuries beyond the means of the provincial Governments. His Majesty's consul at Kiukiang reported that some interest had been shown locally in the Government college and primary school at Jaochow-fu, where the old method of teaching had been entirely changed in favour of western methods. Schools were being established throughout that district, but in general the results obtained were not in proportion to the money spent. At Newchwang, His Majesty's consul stated that the revenue available for police purposes alone was still 3,000 dollars a-month short of expenditure, in spite of the recent reduction of the pay of the police by 20 per cent. The scale of fees in the new courts had been raised to meet the increased expenditure on their account, and an unsuccessful attempt had been made to provide money for schools by the creation of a sampan monopoly, which had to be abandoned on a riot being threatened by the boatmen thrown out of employment.\n\nTien-tsin Native Piece-goods Debtors,\n\nThe clearing of old stocks has considerably relieved the creditors of the native firms, and His Majesty's consul-general has induced the new Viceroy Ch'en to agree to follow the same principle as his predecessor, and treat British cases separately on their merits. Two of these cases have been settled during the quarter, leaving only three supposed solvent firms against whom British claims are being pressed.\n\nJapanese bid for Trade via Dalny (Dairen).\n\nHis Majesty's consul at Newchwang reports that a feature of the trade during the winter months was the comparatively large quantity of foreign goods which arrived at Newchwang from Shanghai and elsewhere via Dalny. A British merchant who made an experimental importation by that route was delighted with the result. He found that in no case was there any examination of goods by the Dairen Customs, and not only did the railway company go out of their way to give him every possible assistance, but he was verbally informed that if he continued to ship his goods by that route he would be given a special rebate on application. The same merchant also shipped several consignments of goods from Shanghai to Mukden and Tiehling via Dalny, leaving it to the railway to pass them through the Customs and forward them to their destination. No exemption certificate was taken out to cover them, and the consignees experienced no difficulty in consequence. This would appear to indicate that the Imperial Maritime Customs are defrauding the Chinese Government in the interests of Japanese railway enterprise.\n\nLolos.\n\nThe Chinese authorities of Szechuan report that, as the result of last autumn's campaign, 70 miles of territory have been subjugated at Erh-pan Fang, and that over eighteen tribes have submitted; eighty-one Chinese captured and enslaved by the Lolos were rescued, and an indemnity was exacted for three who had died in captivity; the Chief Tsuta was captured and many strongholds were destroyed. Among the tribes dealt with in the course of the campaign are included the Chi-ti, Ma-chia, A-hou, and Suga, the last two being those concerned in the murder of Mr. Brooke in December 1908. In a memorial to the Throne, the Governor-General, while showing great ignorance of the region and the relative positions of such important centres as Ning-yuan and Mapien, gave some interesting figures. In the space of three years the aborigines of the Liang Shan country are stated to have slain 1,660 odd Chinese and kidnapped over 4,300. Of these some 630 have been recovered, leaving a balance of over 3,650 in favour of the Lolos, who have also carried off 20,000 head of cattle. The report said the work of reorganising the subjugated country was being taken in hand. The former military post of P'u-k'o was to become the centre of government in the reclaimed country south-east of Ning-yuan, and an earthen wall had already been built round the town and a yamên erected. With regard to the central region, reports seem to indicate that troops operating from the east and west of the Lolo country have effected a junction at Niu-niu-pa, north-east of Ning-yuan, thus opening up the Liang Shan country. It is, however, impossible to say how far the results of the operations in question correspond to the statements made in the memorial of the Governor-General, and it must be remembered that the information comes from purely Chinese sources.\n\nFrench Politics in South China and Tonquin.\n\nHis Majesty's consul at Pakhoi reports that the French colonial government have decided to withdraw the subsidised ships connecting Pakhoi and Hoihow with Haiphong and Hongkong. The Messageries Fluviales, owned by Messrs. Marty and Co., were subsidised to run this fortnightly service some ten years ago, when Kuangchouwan was acquired, and hospitals, schools, and post offices were established by the French Government at Pakhoi and Hoihow in the hope of extending French influence in Kuangtung, to prepare for the then apparently impending partition of China. This withdrawal, which was to date from the 1st June, would seem to indicate that any hopes which may have been entertained in the past of absorbing the province of Kuangtung must now be considered as abandoned or relegated to the unknown future. It will prove most inconvenient from the postal and residential point of view in Pakhoi, which will now be left without any assured means of communication with Hongkong and the outside world. Deprived of its regular fortnightly boat, the port will now have to be content with occasional visits from a German or British ship when freight offers sufficient inducement for a call.\n\nHis Majesty's consul at Pakhoi has also forwarded such information as he has been able to gather regarding events on the French side of the frontier, which may be of interest, though it reflects scant credit on the methods of French colonial administration. In his report for the last quarter of 1909, His Majesty's consul stated that after a campaign of more than a year's duration, conducted against the brigand chief Ti-tsan, the French military authorities had to confess their inability to effect either his capture or submission. The colonial government of Indo-China then had recourse to the doubtful expedient of invoking the aid of the native King of Annam. The latter appointed a Count Le-Hoan as his Envoy Extraordinary to accompany the French forces and conduct operations against the brigands. The action of the Governor-General in thus appealing to the Annamite Court provoked much adverse criticism in the colony, where it was pointed out that even were the expedition successful, the natives would attribute the result not to the prowess of the French arms, but to the natural submission of the rebels to the authority of their ancient ruler. After prolonged and futile negotiations which permitted Ti-ts'an to revictual his band, the pursuit was resumed, and on the 5th October the French troops met with a severe repulse in an attempt to storm the rebel stockades at Nuilang. The wily chief evacuated his position before the French reinforcements came up to restore the day. In the absence of full details, the serious nature of the reverse is shown by the fact that the French newspapers confessed to a casualty list of some sixty killed and wounded, while the Chinese authorities gave the loss at over 200 of the rank and file. The expedition, however, clung to the heels of Ti-ts'an, till at the end of resources he disbanded his men and disappeared. In the meantime, the envoy contrived to bring about the surrender upon favourable terms of his principal lieutenant, who was brought with his following in triumph to the French authorities. M. Picquié, the new Governor-General of Indo-China, has since adopted energetic measures for the complete ...\n\nPage 390\n\nPage 391", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 434354, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911", "page_number": 355, "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911", "content_text": "**confirms the opinion stated in my despatch No. 30, that the recent Russo-Japanese agreement—whatever its present advantages, and upon these I shall presently touch—is merely a temporary expedient, and cannot endure as a lasting compact.** It is interesting also to recall the extract from an article which appeared earlier in the year in the \"Nova Zizn,\" and which was embodied in my despatch No. 11 of the 11th May last. The writer, whose theme was the recently-established Russo-Japanese society at Harbin and the movement towards a rapprochement between the two nations, frankly admitted that the Japanese were more thorough and more fanatically patriotic than the Russians, and would get the better of the bargain. My experience in Northern Manchuria, which will soon have extended over a year, has led me to think that this apprehension is well founded.\n\nThe Russian, though not wanting in foresight and mental capacity generally, lacks application, and his practical ability is not commensurate with his powers of thought and conception. Herein would appear to lie his chief danger in respect of an alliance concluded between him and the Japanese with a view to protecting both against what was held to be a common peril, namely, the loss or curtailment of their vested and hard-earned interests in Manchuria. The Russian is not so thorough and painstaking as the Japanese, and though he has immense resources and his position in the Far East will be materially strengthened by the construction of the Amur Railway and the improved fortification of Vladivostock, he will need to spare no precautions and to encourage and develop a spirit of thoroughness and a capacity for application if he does not wish his present bargain with his recent enemy, however temporary he may intend or desire it to be, to ensure eventually to his own disadvantage.\n\nIn no other place in which I have lived have I experienced the same difficulty in securing the performance of any matter, however simple, and whether of a business or ordinary nature as in Harbin: procrastination is the order of the day and efficiency a quality which is seldom encountered. From foreigners of all descriptions and nationalities, one invariably hears the same disparaging remark—\"the Russian is quite useless.\" I have had no close acquaintance with the Japanese, but as far as I can judge of their work in Manchuria, there can be no doubt as to their efficiency or progress.\n\nTheir position in this province—already very strong by reason of their hold on the leased territory of Kuantang, their possession of the South Manchurian and Antung-Mukden railways, and their interest in the Kirin-Chiang Ch'un line, which, if the rails are of a different standard weight, is of the same gauge as the South Manchurian Railway—has been still further strengthened by the final and definite absorption of Corea. The north and north-eastern portion of Corea borders upon Chientao and Hunchun, and my confidential despatches Nos. 19 and 28 of the 24th July and 13th September last, reporting on these districts, made mention of their utility as a striking base against Vladivostock, Novo Kievsk, and Possiet, and also referred to the number of Coreans which was moving into them from across the border.\n\nNow that Corea is part of the Japanese Empire, the consolidation of Japan's position along the Tiumen will be facilitated, and it may be anticipated that the mantle of protection which she has hitherto thrown over Corean subjects resident in China will be extended. If newspaper report speaks true, this matter has, in fact, already demanded attention, and the instruction issued by the Manchurian Viceroy to his subordinates is to mark time and endeavour to avoid giving rise to any question pending the consideration of the subject by the Chinese and Japanese Governments. The Japanese are not likely to fail to take advantage of any circumstance which will increase their influence in Manchuria, and which will furnish them with another weapon against China as occasion serves.\n\nEpitomising the foregoing remarks, the position reached is that the Japanese and Russians, the former by its annexation of Corea and the latter by its military measures, have shown that they are both fully alive to the necessity for strengthening their position in and in the neighbourhood of Manchuria, and that the superior qualities of the Japanese provide a distinct element of danger for Russia in her recent compact with her former foe, against which every precaution should for her own protection be taken. It will be useful, before proceeding to deal with other factors in the situation, to give specific instances which occasion and confirm the apprehension that the Japanese and not the Russians will be those to extract the greatest benefit from the arrangement which has been made between them.\n\nIn recent numbers of the \"Manchuria Daily News\" have contained the statement that the Japanese Government proposes next year to open a consulate at Aigun. In conversation with my Japanese colleague, I enquired whether this report was correct. Mr. Kawakami did not himself see that any good purpose could be served by opening a consulate at Aigun, which lies on the opposite bank of the river to, and about 35 versts (23 miles) below, Blagovestchensk. His Government had, however, approached the Chinese Government with a request to be allowed to station a consular officer at Taheiho, but the Chinese Government had declined to accede to it. Taheiho, not Aigun—vide my despatch No. 38 of the 5th instant—is the place where trade centres, and in indicating it for a consular post, the Japanese authorities show that they are fully acquainted with local conditions.\n\nThere are, according to the Japanese consul-general, 200 Japanese subjects at Taheiho, which is an Imperial Maritime Customs barrier, and 500 at Blagovestchensk. A consul at Taheiho could also keep watch and ward over his nationals resident in the Russian town across the river. In further conversation with my colleague a few days back, he introduced the subject of the delays and difficulties encountered at Harbin by passengers from Europe bound for the south—we had both of us the previous evening experienced the inconveniences of the present system or lack of system—and stated that he contemplated writing to the South Manchurian Railway Company, and urging them to send an official to Harbin to render assistance to southward-bound passengers and accompany them on their journey to Chang Ch'un.\n\nIt seems unlikely that two years ago, for example, the Japanese authorities would have thought such a step either politic or advisable, though it must not be forgotten that the European expresses as far as Ch'ang Ch'un are now under \"wagons-lits\" management. Again, report has it that the Japanese are moving into North Manchuria in considerably greater numbers than previously, and a matter of no little interest—particularly in view of the explanation of its cause—is the recent establishment at Dairen of a branch of the Russian firm of Tchurin, a large general store established at Harbin, Vladivostock, Blagovestchensk, Nikolsk, Larbarovsk, and other places.\n\nSpeaking with a member of the local branch of the firm a short time back, he told me that the firm, which in one year, I think it was last year, had a turn-over of 2,500,000 roubles at Harbin and 4,000,000 at Vladivostock, was about to open at Dairen, where the first steamer bringing a large consignment of goods for the firm to that port was then due. He was himself bound for Dairen to make all the necessary arrangements, and their intention was, if possible, to import all their goods for Harbin viâ Dairen, and not viâ Vladivostock, as hitherto. The present was a trial shipment, and the reason for the change was the protracted delays and numerous difficulties, some of which he enumerated, with which they had to contend at the latter port.\n\nThe step contemplated by Messrs. Tchurin is of no little significance, and the result, if the venture prove successful, will be this: a Japanese port and transportation over two lines of rail, Japanese and Russian, necessitating a transfer of the goods from the Japanese to the Russian line at Chang Ch'un give greater facilities for the importation of goods to a Russian firm doing a large business at Harbin than a Russian port with direct Russian railway communication to the place of destination. The distance by rail from Vladivostock to Harbin is 483 miles and from Dairen 585, and I understand that, according to present arrangements, freights from Europe to the latter are somewhat higher than to the former.\n\nLastly, it is worthy of note that the recent railway agreement concluded at St. Petersburgh at which through rates were arranged on certain classes of goods transported over the South Manchurian and Chinese Eastern railways took, according to a statement attributed to Mr. Tanaka, traffic manager of the South Manchurian line and a member of the conference, and published in the \"Manchuria Daily News,\" no account of pulse and grain. I do not doubt that the report is correct, since grains and beans are the chief articles of transport on these railways, and the Russian authorities, in view of the better railway and shipping facilities afforded by the Japanese, would have good reason to fear that a through rate on beans would divert considerable quantities of this commodity from the Chinese Eastern to the South Manchurian Railway, while, as regards grain products, the Russians have no desire to encourage at present the export of wheat either to the south of Manchuria or abroad.\n\nThey wish to foster the local Russian flour mills, and there is already one competitor in the south, namely, the Japanese mill at Tiehling. I do not desire to exaggerate the importance of the above instances of Japanese progressiveness, some of which may not be thought of any great intrinsic moment; but a straw shows which way the wind blows, and is of greater or less consequence according to the weather which general conditions may incline one to expect.\n\nHaving now given some general consideration to the Russo-Japanese agreement of July last and its possible consequences as regards the future relations of one party to the other, it is proposed to invite attention to its bearing upon the attitude of both\n\nPage 353", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 435067, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911", "page_number": 481, "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911", "content_text": "## Enclosure 1 in No. 1\n\nIt is stated--\n\n1. When Japanese goods are sold to the natives at such places as Mukden, Tiehling, &c., the Mitsui people permit the carts carrying such cargo to fly a Japanese flag, which frees the goods from the li-kin and consumption tax-ranging from 4 per cent. to 8 per cent. which British and American goods have to pay.\n\n2. The entire customs staff at Dalny, except one man, are Japanese, and some of both the indoor and the outdoor staffs are ex-employés of the Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha as are the Dalny superintendent of wharves and his assistants, the railway's traffic manager and a number of his subordinates, the station-master and other officers in responsible posts on the railway.\n\n3. Four of that kwaisha's directors are also directors of the South Manchurian Railway.\n\n4. The system of sealed cars in the railway is valueless in face of the above facts.\n\n5. The Dalny commissioners alleged admission that there were irregularities only in connection with transportation out of that port by cart which could not be controlled, is inconsistent with the Japanese assurance that by means of guards of ten men at Pulantion and of sixty at Chinchou, all Chinese cart and foot passengers could be kept out of Dalny and Port Arthur during the plague alarm.\n\n6. Although since 1902-3 the population of Manchuria has risen 30 per cent., and the people's economic condition and purchasing or consuming power have improved at least as much, the combined importation of sheetings, shirtings, drills, and jeans for 1908-9 have increased by only 116,750 pieces; the people are as well clothed and have not abandoned cotton for silk or woollen garments.\n\n7. Further, sheetings and drills in which Japan especially competes with the United States of America, have, according to the customs returns, fallen from 2,228,922 and 921,377 pieces respectively in 1902-3 to 1,681,124 and 699,977 pieces in 1908-9. Is there any reason to suppose the actual consumption was really less?\n\n8. By the customs returns Dalny had 124 per cent. greater shipping, but Newchwang a 27 per cent. greater trade value, although the latter port is closed for several months yearly.\n\n9. The Japanese customs returns give the value of Japanese exports to China as 39,347,000 Haikwan taels; but the Chinese customs returns put the imports into China from Japan at 52,501,000 Haikwan taels. What is the explanation if not evasion of duty?\n\n10. Is there any sound reason why Japan should object to leased territory being put on the same footing as the German leased territory at Tsingtau, i.e., all imports pay duty, and 20 per cent. of the collection go to the civil administration for municipal purposes?\n\n11. Is there any sound reason against Chinese custom-houses at Pulantien and other points on the frontier of the leased territory to see duty paid on all goods going thence into the interior?\n\n12. Finally, why is the customs commissioner at Dalny forced to state in a footnote to his 1909 report that he has to be content with import statements, and so his figures must be taken as only approximate? Surely customs requirements would include ascertaining the actual arrivals of commodities in order to judge of the consumption within and without the leased territory.\n\n13. According to his own figures 495,457 more pieces of imported sheetings, shirtings, drills, and jeans were shipped out of Dalny into the interior during the years 1908-9 than were brought into that port; it is alleged that this cannot be due to accumulation of stocks as needless storage charges would not be incurred by a large company so near its home base and with branches and agencies and a complete warehousing system at all the chief places in Manchuria, this being the position of the Mitsui corporation.\n\nIn order to save time I am sending a copy of this despatch to His Majesty's Minister as well as to our colleague at Dalny.\n\nI have, &c.\nE. H. FRASER.\n\n## Enclosure 2 in No. 1\n\n**Memorandum compiled by Acting Consul-General Willis and Consul Horne in reply to Consul-General Fraser.**\n\n**(Very Confidential.)**\n\n1. The Chinese Government have never accepted the contention of the various foreign Governments that the open marts in Manchuria are open in their entirety.\n\nThe Mukden consular body have, however, practically succeeded in maintaining that goods imported under exemption certificate as long as they are in the hands of foreigners or their agents are freed from consumption tax or other local levies in the open marts.\n\nIn Fengtien province the consumption tax is about 2 per cent. The officials maintain the tax is not levied on foreign goods, and as far as this consulate-general is concerned no complaints have been received for nearly two years past.\n\nIn Kirin province, where consumption and other local taxes are much higher, the provincial authorities openly maintain the right of taxing foreign goods once such goods have passed into Chinese hands. Expostulations from the various foreign consuls have been ineffective, and the Mukden consular body in December last referred the matter to the legations.\n\nThe foreign retailer, therefore, has an advantage over the Chinese dealer, and as there are about 13,000 Japanese subjects resident in the open marts who are potential distributors of Japanese goods, whereas British and American goods are distributed almost entirely through Chinese, it would seem as if Japanese goods had a distinct advantage.\n\nPractically, however, Japanese goods are almost entirely distributed through Chinese agents in the same manner as British or American articles, and I am not aware that the Japanese consuls are any more successful than their colleagues in protecting foreign goods in native hands.\n\nIn the various consular protests that have been made against taxation in the treaty marts in Manchuria, the Japanese consuls have played a leading part, a policy one would not expect from them if it were true that they could protect their own goods whilst, for lack of foreign retailers, their competitors were powerless to escape native exactions.\n\n2. These statements are correct with one important exception. So far as can be ascertained no ex-employés of the Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha are on the indoor or outdoor staffs of the Dalny customs.\n\n3. It is true that four of the directors of the South Manchurian Railway have interests in the Mitsui Bussan Kwaisha.\n\n4. If the above amendment to allegation No. 2 be considered it will be realised that this argument loses what value it possessed originally. It is unnecessary here to enter into detail on the subject of the sealed car system, which seems to give general satisfaction, but it might be well to point out that full cars are sealed both by the customs and by the railway. Unless unauthorised collusion takes place between the subordinate officials of the two departments no serious criticism can be directed against the system.\n\n5. It is submitted that the words underlined in this paragraph are the result of some misunderstanding. The Dalny commissioner has not been known to admit the impossibility of controlling the cart traffic from the leased territory into the interior; he maintains, however, that the expenditure, which would be necessitated by adequate measures of control, is incompatible with the problematical advantages to be obtained. The amount of smuggling carried on in this manner must be insignificant, and the salaries and wages of employés detailed for frontier inspection would be considerably in excess of the revenue there obtained.\n\n6. Tables are enclosed showing the combined import of drills, sheetings, shirtings, and jeans for 1903, 1908, 1909, 1910; also the average import for the years from 1899 to 1904. The figures for 1902 are not accessible here.\n\nTrade in Manchuria was for a variety of reasons disorganised throughout 1906 and 1907 and during the early half of 1908.\n\nIf the average imports of the above articles for the years 1899 to 1904, or for the year 1903 singly, are contrasted with the years 1909 and 1910 the increase appears quite as much as can reasonably be expected.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 438594, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-391 - Acting Governor Claud Severn Governor Sir May - 1912 [7-8]", "page_number": 393, "title": "CO129-391 - Acting Governor Claud Severn Governor Sir May - 1912 [7-8]", "content_text": "Powers of officer executing warrant.\n\nLiebling of master, owner, etc., of ship\n\nship (not being or having the status of a ship of war), within the Colony, there is concealed or deposited any opium subject to forfeiture under this Ordinance, or as to which an offence has been committed or is about to be committed against this Ordinance, such Justice of the Peace may, by his warrant directed to any Police or Excise Officer, empower such officer, by day or by night,-\n\n(a.) to enter such dwelling house, shop, or other building or place, or to go on board such ship, and there to search for and take possession of any such opium and of the ship in which the same is found and of any implements in such place or ship; and\n\n(b.) to arrest any person or persons, being in such dwelling house, shop, or other building or place or ship, in whose possession, custody or control such opium may be found, or whom such officer may reasonably suspect to have concealed or deposited any such opium in such place or ship or thereabout.\n\n70. Such officer may, if it is necessary to do so,-\n\n(a) break open any outer or inner door of such dwelling house, shop, or other building or place, and enter thereinto;\n\n(b.) forcibly enter such ship and every part thereof :\n\n(c.) remove by force any obstruction to such entry, search, seizure and removal as he is empowered to effect;\n\n(d) detain every person found in such place or on board such ship until such place or ship has been searched;\n\n(e.) seize and detain any such opium or implements found in such place or ship; and\n\n(f) seize and detain any such opium or implements found in the possession of any of the persons against whom his warrant has been issued in any place whatsoever within the Colony.\n\n71.-(1.) If any ship is used for the importation, landing, removal, carriage, or conveyance or for the exportation of any opium in contravention of this Ordinance, the master, owners, or agents thereof shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding one thousand dollars.\n\n(2.) An amount of any such opium found on board any such ship and exceeding,-\n\n(a) in the case of any steamship of sixty tons burden and upwards, fifty taels in weight; or,\n\n(b) in the case of any steamship under sixty tons burden, twenty-five taels in weight; or,\n\n(c) in the case of any other ship, ten taels in weight, shall be deemed evidence of the unlawful use of such ship, unless it is proved, to the satisfaction of the Magistrate, that every reasonable precaution had been taken to prevent the unlawful use of such ship, and that none of the officers or their servants or any of the crew of such ship were implicated therein.\n\n(3.) Where practicable, all offences under this section shall be inquired into and adjudicated on by two Magistrates sitting together.\n\n72. All informations to be laid, and all warrants to be issued, and all arrests and seizures to be made under this Ordinance may be had or done on Sunday as well as on any other day.\n\n73. All opium, other than raw opium, seized with regard to which any breach of this Ordinance, or of any regulation made thereunder, has been committed, together with any implements, may be forfeited by the Magistrate and, in his discretion, adjudged and delivered in whole or in part to the Farmer.\n\n74.-(1.) Whenever any seizure of prepared opium or dross opium is made under this Ordinance, or whenever there is reasonable ground to believe that opium is prepared by any unauthorized person or in any unauthorized place, all raw opium found in the possession of such person or in such unauthorized place may be seized by any Police or Excise Officer.\n\n(2.) If the Magistrate considers that there is reason to believe that the unlawful preparation of opium was carried on by such unauthorized person or in such unauthorized place, or if any implement within the meaning of this Ordinance is found in the possession of such unauthorized person or in such unauthorized place, the Magistrate may order such opium or such implement or implements to be forfeited, and may, in his discretion, direct that they be delivered to the Opium Farmer.\n\n75.-(1) When any opium or any implement is found unclaimed without being apparently in the possession of any person, or when the Opium Farmer shall have proved to the satisfaction of a Magistrate that he is unable to proceed against any individual with respect to any opium or any implement as to which an offence has been committed against this Ordinance, by reason of the fact that the offender is out of the jurisdiction or cannot be found, the Magistrate may cause a notice in English and Chinese to be affixed to the place where such opium or implement has been found or where it is known to be stored calling upon the owner thereof to claim the same.\n\n(2.) If no person makes such a claim within one week from the affixing of such notice or if any such claim is made within the like period but is not subsequently substantiated to the satisfaction of a Magistrate, such opium or implement shall be forfeited, and may be delivered by the Magistrate, in his discretion, to the Opium Farmer.\n\n76.-(1) Every person who conceals or secretly places any opium in any part of any steamship shall, on summary conviction, be liable to a penalty not exceeding five hundred dollars, and, in default of payment, to imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for any term not exceeding six months.\n\n(2.) Any opium concealed or secretly placed as aforesaid shall be seized, and the Magistrate may, whether any person is charged with or convicted of any offence under this section or not, order such opium to be forfeited.\n\n77.-(1.) No person shall bring or have in his possession on board any ship any opium, other than prepared opium or dross opium not exceeding the quantity specified in section 36 of this Ordinance, unless the same is entered on the manifest of the ship.\n\n(2.) The master of such ship may seize any such opium as aforesaid found on board his ship which is not entered on the manifest, and may retain the same in his possession until he can deliver it to the Police.\n\n(3.) Notwithstanding anything in this Ordinance, all such opium as aforesaid found on board any such ship which is not entered on the manifest shall be forfeited to the Crown : Provided—that if the Opium Farmer, within one week after such forfeiture, proves, to the satisfaction of a Magistrate, that any opium so forfeited was not covered by a certificate under section 39 of this Ordinance and that he was not privy to its being brought on board the ship, the Magistrate may, if he thinks fit, order such opium so forfeited or any part of it to be delivered to the Opium Farmer.\n\n78.-(1.) Any opium forfeited to the Crown under this Ordinance and not ordered by the Magistrate to be delivered to the Opium Farmer, shall be disposed of as the Governor may direct, provided that it shall not be sold within the Colony, except to the Opium Farmer, during the currency of the farm existing at the time of such forfeiture.\n\nPage 383\n\nin other than raw opium to not sold within the Colony except to the Opium Farmer during the currency of the farm existing at the time of such forfeiture and provided further that raw opium be not sold within the Colony except for export therefrom or except to the Opium Farmer during the currency of the farm existing at the time of such forfeiture.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-391 - Acting Governor Claud Severn Governor Sir May - 1912 [7-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 443349, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]", "page_number": 387, "title": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]", "content_text": "# Stern bedeutet, die Gemeinde erhebt sich.\n\n## Vorspiel\n### I. Lied\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.)\n\n**Liturgie**\nNun danket alle Gott \nMit Herzen, Mund und Haenden, \nDer grosse Dinge tut \nAn uns und allen Enden, \nDer uns von Mutterleib \nUnd Kindesbeinen an \nUnzaehlig viel zu gut \nUnd noch jetzund getan.\n\n*Eingangsspruch, Suendenbekenntnis, Gnadenverkuendigung, Gebet, Schriftlesung Matth. 5, 13-16, Glaubensbekenntnis. Amen.\n\n## Chorgesang\n### 2 Lied\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.)\n\nHoch tut euch auf, ihr Tore der Welt, \ndass der Koenig der Ehren einziehe! \n(Aus dem 'Messias' von Haendel.)\n\nVater, kroene du mit Segen \nUnsern Koenig und sein Haus. \nFuehr durch ihn auf allen Wegen \nHerrlich deinen Ratschluss aus: \nDeiner Kirche sei er Schutz, \nDeinen Feinden biet er Trutz: \nSei du dem Gesalbten gnaedig, \nSegne, segne unsern Koenig.\n\nRuest ihn mit des Glaubens Schilde, \nReich ihm deines Geistes Schwert, \nDass Gerechtigkeit und Milde \nIhm des Friedens Heil gewaehrt; \nMach ihm leicht die schwere Last, \nDie du aufgelegt ihm hast, \nSei in Jesu du ihm gnaedig, \nSchuetze, segne unsern Koenig.\n\nSammle um den Tron die Treuen, \nDie mit Rat und frommem Flehn \nFest in deiner Streiter Reihen \nFuer des Landes Wohlfahrt stehn, \nBaue um den Koenigstron \nEine Burg, o Gottessohn, \nSei du ihm auf ewig gnaedig, \nLeite, segne unsern Koenig.\n\n### Vers 4 des begonnenen Liedes\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.)\n\nNaehre du die heilge Flamme, \nDie das Herz des Volks erneut, \nDass es unserm Koenigsstamme \nLiebe bis zum Tode weiht. \nIn der Zeiten langer Nacht \nHast du ueber ihm gewacht, \nDu erhieltest ihn uns gnaedig; \nSegne, segne unsern Koenig.\n\n## Kirchengebet\n**Vater unser** \n**Segen** \nAmen\n\n## Nationalhymne\nHeil dir im Siegerkranz, \nHerrscher des Vaterlands, \nHeil, Kaiser, dir! \nFuehl in des Trones Glanz \nDie hohe Wonne ganz \nLiebling des Volks zu sein, \nHeil, Kaiser, dir!\n\nAmen.\n\nWaehrend die Gemeinde die Kirche verlaesst, spielt die Musik das Niederlaendische Dankgebet.\n\n378", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 443351, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]", "page_number": 389, "title": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]", "content_text": "# Stern bedeutet, die Gemeinde erhebt sich.\n*Star means, the Congregation rises*\n\n## Vorspiel \n## Prelude\n\n### I. Lied \n### Hymn I.\n\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.) \n(The band plays one line.)\n\nNun danket alle Gott \nMit Herzen, Mund und Haenden, \nDer grosse Dinge tut \nAn uns und allen Enden, \nDer uns von Mutterleib \nUnd Kindesbeinen an \nUnzaehlig viel zu gut \nUnd noch jetzund getan.\n\n## Liturgie \n## Liturgy\n\n*Eingangsspruch, Suendenbekenntnis, Gnadenverkuendigung, Gebet, Schriftlesung Matth. 5, 13-16, Glaubensbekenntnis.* \n*Entrance saying, Confession of Sins, Declaration of Grace, Prayer, Scripture reading Matt. 5:13-16, Creed.*\n\n## Chorgesang \n## Choral Singing\n\n### 2 Lied \n### Hymn 2.\n\nAmen. \nLift up your heads, all ye gates. \nHoch tut euch auf, ihr Tore der Welt, \ndass der Koenig der Ehren einziehe! \n(Aus dem 'Messias' von Haendel.) \n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.) \n(The band plays one line.)\n\nVater, kroene du mit Segen \nUnsern Koenig und sein Haus. \nFuehr durch ihn auf allen Wegen \nHerrlich deinen Ratschluss aus: \nDeiner Kirche sei er Schutz, \nDeinen Feinden biet er Trutz: \nSei du dem Gesalbten gnaedig, \nSegne, segne unsern Koenig.\n\nRuest ihn mit des Glaubens Schilde, \nReich ihm deines Geistes Schwert, \nDass Gerechtigkeit und Milde \nIhm des Friedens Heil gewaehrt; \nMach ihm leicht die schwere Last, \nDie du aufgelegt ihm hast, \nSei in Jesu du ihm gnaedig, \nSchuetze, segne unsern Koenig.\n\nSammle um den Tron die Treuen, \nDie mit Rat und frommem Flehn \nFest in deiner Streiter Reihen \nFuer des Landes Wohlfahrt stehn, \nBaue um den Koenigstron \nEine Burg, o Gottessohn, \nSei du ihm auf ewig gnaedig, \nLeite, segne unsern Koenig.\n\n### Vers 4 des begonnenen Liedes \n### The 4th verse of the same hymn.\n\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.) \n(The band plays one line.)\n\nNaehre du die heilge Flamme, \nDie das Herz des Volks erneut, \nDass es unserm Koenigsstamme \nLiebe bis zum Tode weiht. \nIn der Zeiten langer Nacht \nHast du ueber ihm gewacht, \nDu erhieltest ihn uns gnaedig; \nSegne, segne unsern Koenig.\n\n## Predigt \n## Sermon\n\n+ \n\n## Kirchengebet \n## Common prayer\n\n*Vater unser* \n*Our Father*\n\n**Segen** \n**Blessing**\n\nAmen\n\n## Nationalhymne \n## National anthem\n\nHeil dir im Siegerkranz, \nHerrscher des Vaterlands, \nHeil, Kaiser, dir!\n\nFuehl in des Trones Glanz \nDie hohe Wonne ganz \nLiebling des Volks zu sein, \nHeil, Kaiser, dir!\n\nWaehrend die Gemeinde die Kirche verlaesst, spielt die Musik das Niederlaendische Dankgebet.\n\n380", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 443353, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]", "page_number": 391, "title": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]", "content_text": "# Stern bedeutet, die Gemeinde erhebt sich.\n## Vorspiel\n## I. Lied\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.)\nNun danket alle Gott\n\nMit Herzen, Mund und Haenden,\nDer grosse Dinge tut\nAn uns und allen Enden,\nDer uns von Mutterleib\nUnd Kindesbeinen an\nUnzaehlig viel zu gut\nUnd noch jetzund getan.\n\n## Liturgie\n*Eingangsspruch, Suendenbekenntnis, Gnadenverkuendigung, Gebet, Schriftlesung Matth. 5, 13-16, Glaubensbekenntnis.\n\nAmen.\n\n## Chorgesang\nChoral Singing.\n\n## Predigt\nSammle um den Tron die Treuen,\nDie mit Rat und frommem Flehn\nFest in deiner Streiter Reihen\nFuer des Landes Wohlfahrt stehn,\nBaue um den Koenigstron\nEine Burg, o Gottessohn,\nSei du ihm auf ewig gnaedig,\nLeite, segne unsern Koenig.\n\n## Vers 4 des begonnenen Liedes\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.)\nNaehre du die heilge Flamme,\nDie das Herz des Volks erneut,\nDass es unserm Koenigsstamme\nLiebe bis zum Tode weiht,\nIn der Zeiten langer Nacht\nHast du ueber ihm gewacht,\nDu erhieltest ihn uns gnaedig;\nSegne, segne unsern Koenig.\n\n## *Kirchengebet\nVater unser\n\n## Segen\nAmen\n\n## National anthem\n\n## 2 Lied.\nLift up your heads, all ye gates. Hoch tut euch auf, ihr Tore der Welt,\ndass der Koenig der Ehren einziehe! (Aus dem 'Messias' von Haendel.)\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.)\n\nVater, kroene du mit Segen\nUnsern Koenig und sein Haus.\nFuehr durch ihn auf allen Wegen\nHerrlich deinen Ratschluss aus:\nDeiner Kirche sei er Schutz,\nDeinen Feinden biet er Trutz:\nSei du dem Gesalbten gnaedig,\nSegne, segne unsern Koenig.\n\nRuest ihn mit des Glaubens Schilde,\nReich ihm deines Geistes Schwert,\nDass Gerechtigkeit und Milde\nIhm des Friedens Heil gewaehrt;\nMach ihm leicht die schwere Last,\nDie du aufgelegt ihm hast,\nSei in Jesu du ihm gnaedig,\nSchuetze, segne unsern Koenig.\n\nAmen\n\n## Nationalhymne\nHeil dir im Siegerkranz,\nHerrscher des Vaterlands,\nHeil, Kaiser, dir!\n\nFuehl in des Trones Glanz\nDie hohe Wonne ganz\nLiebling des Volks zu sein,\nHeil, Kaiser, dir!\n\nAmen.\n\nWaehrend die Gemeinde die Kirche verlaesst, spielt die Musik das Niederlaendische Dankgebet.\n\n382", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 443355, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]", "page_number": 393, "title": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]", "content_text": "# Stern bedeutet, die Gemeinde erhebt sich.\n*Star means, the Congregation rises*\n\n## Vorspiel\n**Band's Prelude**\n\n### I. Lied\n**Hymn I.**\n\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.)\n*(The band plays one line.)*\n\nNun danket alle Gott \nMit Herzen, Mund und Haenden, \nDer grosse Dinge tut \nAn uns und allen Enden, \nDer uns von Mutterleib \nUnd Kindesbeinen an \nUnzaehlig viel zu gut \nUnd noch jetzund getan.\n\n## Liturgie\n**Liturgy.**\n\n*Eingangsspruch, Suendenbekenntnis, Gnadenverkuendigung, Gebet, Schriftlesung Matth. 5, 13-16, Glaubensbekenntnis. Amen.*\n\n## Chorgesang\n**Choral Singing.**\n\n### 2 Lied\n**Hymn 2.**\n\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.)\n*(The band plays one line)*\n\nHoch tut euch auf, ihr Tore der Welt, \ndass der Koenig der Ehren einziehe! \n*(Aus dem 'Messias' von Haendel.)* \n*(Lift up your heads, all ye gates.)*\n\nVater, kroene du mit Segen \nUnsern Koenig und sein Haus. \nFuehr durch ihn auf allen Wegen \nHerrlich deinen Ratschluss aus: \nDeiner Kirche sei er Schutz, \nDeinen Feinden biet er Trutz: \nSei du dem Gesalbten gnaedig, \nSegne, segne unsern Koenig.\n\nRuest ihn mit des Glaubens Schilde, \nReich ihm deines Geistes Schwert, \nDass Gerechtigkeit und Milde \nIhm des Friedens Heil gewaehrt; \nMach ihm leicht die schwere Last, \nDie du aufgelegt ihm hast, \nSei in Jesu du ihm gnaedig, \nSchuetze, segne unsern Koenig.\n\nSammle um den Tron die Treuen, \nDie mit Rat und frommem Flehn \nFest in deiner Streiter Reihen \nFuer des Landes Wohlfahrt stehn, \nBaue um den Koenigstron \nEine Burg, o Gottessohn, \nSei du ihm auf ewig gnaedig, \nLeite, segne unsern Koenig.\n\n### Vers 4 des begonnenen Liedes\n**The 4th verse of the same hymn.**\n\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.)\n*(The band plays one line.)*\n\nNaehre du die heilge Flamme, \nDie das Herz des Volks erneut, \nDass es unserm Koenigsstamme \nLiebe bis zum Tode weiht. \nIn der Zeiten langer Nacht \nHast du ueber ihm gewacht, \nDu erhieltest ihn uns gnaedig; \nSegne, segne unsern Koenig.\n\n## Predigt\n**Sermon**\n\n## Kirchengebet\n*Kirchengebet* \n**Common prayer**\n\nVater unser \n**Our Father**\n\nSegen \n**Blessing**\n\nAmen\n\n## Nationalhymne\n**National anthem**\n\nHeil dir im Siegerkranz, \nHerrscher des Vaterlands, \nHeil, Kaiser, dir!\n\nFuehl in des Trones Glanz \nDie hohe Wonne ganz \nLiebling des Volks zu sein, \nHeil, Kaiser, dir!\n\nAmen.\n\nWaehrend die Gemeinde die Kirche verlaesst, spielt die Musik das Niederlaendische Dankgebet.\n\n384", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 443357, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]", "page_number": 395, "title": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]", "content_text": "## Liturgie\n*Stern bedeutet, die Gemeinde erhebt sich.* \n*Star means, the Congregation rises.*\n\n### Vorspiel\nBand's Prelude \n1. **Lied** \nHymn I. \n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.) \n(The band plays one line.) \nNun danket alle Gott \nMit Herzen, Mund und Haenden, \nDer grosse Dinge tut \nAn uns und allen Enden, \nDer uns von Mutterleib \nUnd Kindesbeinen an \nUnzaehlig viel zu gut \nUnd noch jetzund getan. \n\n### Liturgie\n*Eingangsspruch, Suendenbekenntnis, Gnadenverkuendigung, Gebet, Schriftlesung Matth. 5, 13-16, Glaubensbekenntnis.* \nAmen. \n**Chorgesang** \nChoral Singing. \nLift up your heads, all ye gates. \nHoch tut euch auf, ihr Tore der Welt, \ndass der Koenig der Ehren einziehe! \n(Aus dem 'Messias' von Haendel.) \n\n2. **Lied** \nHymn 2. \n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.) \n(The band plays one line) \nVater, kroene du mit Segen \nUnsern Koenig und sein Haus. \nFuehr durch ihn auf allen Wegen \nHerrlich deinen Ratschluss aus: \nDeiner Kirche sei er Schutz, \nDeinen Feinden biet er Trutz: \nSei du dem Gesalbten gnaedig, \nSegne, segne unsern Koenig. \n\nRuest ihn mit des Glaubens Schilde, \nReich ihm deines Geistes Schwert, \nDass Gerechtigkeit und Milde \nIhm des Friedens Heil gewaehrt; \nMach ihm leicht die schwere Last, \nDie du aufgelegt ihm hast, \nSei in Jesu du ihm gnaedig, \nSchuetze, segne unsern Koenig. \n\nSammle um den Tron die Treuen, \nDie mit Rat und frommem Flehn \nFest in deiner Streiter Reihen \nFuer des Landes Wohlfahrt stehn, \nBaue um den Koenigstron \nEine Burg, o Gottessohn, \nSei du ihm auf ewig gnaedig, \nLeite, segne unsern Koenig. \n\n### Vers 4 des begonnenen Liedes\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.) \nThe 4th verse of the same hymn. \n(The band plays one line.) \nNaehre du die heilge Flamme, \nDie das Herz des Volks erneut, \nDass es unserm Koenigsstamme \nLiebe bis zum Tode weiht. \nIn der Zeiten langer Nacht \nHast du ueber ihm gewacht, \nDu erhieltest ihn uns gnaedig; \nSegne, segne unsern Koenig. \n\n### Predigt\nSermon \n386 \n\n*Kirchengebet* \n**Common prayer** \nVater unser \nOur Father \n\n### Segen\nBlessing \nAmen \nAmen \n\n### Nationalhymne\nNational anthem \nHeil dir im Siegerkranz, Herrscher des Vaterlands, \nHeil, Kaiser, dir! \nFuehl in des Trones Glanz \nDie hohe Wonne ganz \nLiebling des Volks zu sein, \nHeil, Kaiser, dir! \n\nWaehrend die Gemeinde die Kirche verlaesst, spielt die Musik das Niederlaendische Dankgebet.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 443359, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]", "page_number": 397, "title": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]", "content_text": "## Vorspiel\n*Stern bedeutet, die Gemeinde erhebt sich.* \n*Star means, the Congregation rises*\n\n## I. Lied\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.) \n(The band plays one line.)\n\n### Liturgie\nNun danket alle Gott \nMit Herzen, Mund und Haenden, \nDer grosse Dinge tut \nAn uns und allen Enden, \nDer uns von Mutterleib \nUnd Kindesbeinen an \nUnzaehlig viel zu gut \nUnd noch jetzund getan. \n*Liturgy*\n\n*Eingangsspruch, Suendenbekenntnis, Gnaden-verkuendigung, Gebet, Schriftlesung Matth. 5, 13-16, Glaubensbekenntnis.* \nAmen.\n\n## Chorgesang\n### 2 Lied\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.) \n(The band plays one line.)\n\nLift up your heads, all ye gates. \nHoch tut euch auf, ihr Tore der Welt, \ndass der Koenig der Ehren einziehe! \n(Aus dem 'Messias' von Haendel.)\n\nVater, kroene du mit Segen \nUnsern Koenig und sein Haus. \nFuehr durch ihn auf allen Wegen \nHerrlich deinen Ratschluss aus: \nDeiner Kirche sei er Schutz, \nDeinen Feinden biet er Trutz: \nSei du dem Gesalbten gnaedig, \nSegne, segne unsern Koenig.\n\nRuest ihn mit des Glaubens Schilde, \nReich ihm deines Geistes Schwert, \nDass Gerechtigkeit und Milde \nIhm des Friedens Heil gewaehrt; \nMach ihm leicht die schwere Last, \nDie du aufgelegt ihm hast, \nSei in Jesu du ihm gnaedig, \nSchuetze, segne unsern Koenig.\n\nSammle um den Tron die Treuen, \nDie mit Rat und frommem Flehn \nFest in deiner Streiter Reihen \nFuer des Landes Wohlfahrt stehn, \nBaue um den Koenigstron \nEine Burg, o Gottessohn, \nSei du ihm auf ewig gnaedig, \nLeite, segne unsern Koenig.\n\n## Predigt\n### Vers 4 des begonnenen Liedes\n(Die Musik spielt eine Zeile vor.) \n(The band plays one line.)\n\nNaehre du die heilge Flamme, \nDie das Herz des Volks erneut, \nDass es unserm Koenigsstamme \nLiebe bis zum Tode weiht. \nIn der Zeiten langer Nacht \nHast du ueber ihm gewacht, \nDu erhieltest ihn uns gnaedig; \nSegne, segne unsern Koenig.\n\n*Kirchengebet* \n*Common prayer*\n\nVater unser \nOur Father\n\nSegen \nBlessing\n\nAmen\n\n## Nationalhymne\nHeil dir im Siegerkranz, \nHerrscher des Vaterlands, \nHeil, Kaiser, dir!\n\nFuehl in des Trones Glanz \nDie hohe Wonne ganz \nLiebling des Volks zu sein, \nHeil, Kaiser, dir!\n\nAmen.\n\nWaehrend die Gemeinde die Kirche verlaesst, spielt die Musik das Niederlaendische Dankgebet.\n\n388", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 460316, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]", "page_number": 449, "title": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]", "content_text": "Extract from the Manchuria Daily News of the 2nd May, 1914.\n\nREDUCED RATES FOR SPECIFIC THROUGH GOODS.\n\nOn Mukden-Antung Line.\n\nWe are definitely informed that the Chosen Railway Administration, with the support of Gov.-Gen. Viscount Terauchi, has been \"pulling wires\" in obstructing the demand of the S.M.R. Co., to have the essential condition originally agreed upon fulfilled, viz., to have the reduced freight rates over the Mukden-Antung Line extended to the two other routes. The Imperial Government Railways authorities, inclusive of the Supervisor of the S.M.R. Co., were willing enough to be reasonable towards the S.M.R. Co., whose claims were strictly tenable, but they were compelled to act against their own judgment through the strong pressure of the Chosen Railway people. The Chosen authorities proposed impossible terms as a compromise, as transmitted by the Imperial Government Railways to the S.M.R. Co., and noticed in our issue of the 29th ult. These terms were that a reduction of the railway freights on through goods for direct transportation over the two import routes via Dairen and via Yingkou from Osaka and Kobe to Mukden, Tiehling, Changchun, &c., would be permitted to the extent of 20 per cent., but that in return therefor the railway tariffs for local operation should be raised by 10 per cent. Between the lines of this counter-proposition the true motive of the Chosen authorities is writ in letters of fire.\n\nFirstly, as pointed out in our issue of the 30th ult. in the article under the heading \"Japanese Cotton Exporters' Association,\" the rate of reduction for the Mukden-Antung Line is about 40 per cent., against which a reduction of only 20 per cent. is offered for the two other import routes via Dairen and via Yingkou. It must be remembered that, as far as the railway and ferry services between Osaka and Kobe and Antung are concerned, the Chosen Railway, conjointly with the Imperial Government Railways, allow to the members the Japanese Cotton Exporters' Association the further reduction of Y1 per ton on the freights for Cotton Cloths and Yarn in addition to a rebate of Y1.90 per ton in case of the aggregate annual consignments of the Association exceeding the minimum tonnage of 5,000 tons. The importers via the Chosen route would thus enjoy the dual advantage in the shape of the cheaper freight and rebate amounting to Y2.50 per ton over the Japanese and Chosen lines, and a gain of about 20 per cent. in the freights over the Mukden-Antung Line compared with the other two import routes from Dairen and Yingkou. With such handicaps encumbering the importers interested in the Dairen and Yingkou routes, how could they hope to compete with any chances of success with their rivals utilising the Chosen route, who, on top of all these, have in their favour the Customs duties at Antung by one third reduction? It would be safe to say that the niggardly reduction of 20 per cent. would have no appreciable effect to prevent the diversion of goods to the Chosen route, The ports of Dairen and Yingkou would be divested of their legitimate portions of the import trade with Japan.\n\nSecondly, the compromise scheme restricts the goods to through imports for direct transportation from Osaka and Kobe to Mukden, Tiehling and Changchun, whilst the list of the stations of destination in the agreement with the Japanese Cotton Exporters' Association includes, besides the above-mentioned three, the following seven stations on other than the Mukden-Antung Line :- Kaiyuan, Ssupingkai, Kuochiatien, Kungchuling, Fanchiatun, Fushun and Liaoyang. As to the stations of despatch in Japan, in addition to Kobe and Osaka, named as the only ones for the Dairen and Yingkou routes, there are the following fourteen :-- Nagoya, Yokkaichi, Kuwana, Tsu, Akagi, Ichinomiya, Okayama, Tamashima, Kashiwabara, Handa, Hamamatsu, Shimbashi, Moji, and Hakata.\n\nThe deletion of Moji, the most important intermediate port of call, in particular, from the ports of despatch for the Dairen and Yingkou routes would make a serious difference.\n\nThese restrictions are not all that make against Dairen and Yingkou.\n\nIt being limited to through goods for direct transportation, both Dairen and Yingkou would serve to these goods as nothing more than ports of transit, which contingency would deprive the importers of both ports of so much business.\n\nThis would cost the prosperity of Dairen and Yingkou dearly.\n\nIt was for this very reason that the S.M.R. management stuck to its original contention that a reduction at a similar rate to the new rates for the Mukden-Antung Line should be allowed for import goods which pass into the interior of Manchuria via Dairen as a port of transhipment.\n\nThirdly, in consideration of the niggardly \"concession,\" which in fact amounts to only partial fulfilment of the original engagement, a 10 per cent. rise of the railway tariffs for local operation was demanded.\n\nThis gave the \"whole show\" away. What rational connection could this proposition have with the main point at issue, except for heaping upon the head of the S.M.R. Co. management the execrations of the people of Dairen and Yingkou and all the other trade centres along the S.M.R. lines for its abject imbecility in submitting to so outrageous a dictate of the Imperial Government Railways as the above-mentioned terms are, and also for increasing the burden of the local clients of the S.M. Railway and blocking the growth of trade, as if the management had not already done enough to work the ruin of the Japanese settlers in South Manchuria other than interested in the import trade via the Chosen route?\n\nWhen it is called to mind that all these preposterous conditions were advanced by the Chosen Railway authorities and the Imperial Government Railways were used as a mere scapegoat and mouthpiece, what are the ulterior objects of the Chosen Railway authorities will be plain as daylight. At the same time what dominant influence is wielded by the Chosen Railway over the Imperial Government Railways will be also apparent as well as the sad fall of the status of the S.M.R. Co.\n\nPage 446", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 489003, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921", "page_number": 151, "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921", "content_text": "## CONGREGATIONAL\n| Province and Town | Mission Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Lienkong | 1880 | 4 |\n| LoyBanlisien | | |\n| Hanyang | 1863 | 4 |\n| Suichow | | |\n| Liaoyang | 1897 | 4 |\n| Monkden | 1896 | 3 |\n| Tayeh | 1889 | 4 |\n| Heilungchiang-Hulan | | |\n| Ningteh | 1880 | 4 |\n| Kirin-Ashiho | | |\n| Ilaan-Ilengchowfu | 1910 | 2 |\n| Ilankow | 18/1 | 18 |\n| Wuchang | 1865 | 13 |\n| Shearking- | 1911 | 6 |\n| Hwangpei.. | 1898 | 2 |\n| Wusuel | 1875 | 6 |\n| Kaiydan | | |\n| Siangtan | | |\n| Yungchowfu | 1908 | 5 |\n| Sisokan | 1×80 | |\n| Kangai | | |\n| Wuchow | 1898 | 6 |\n| Tiehling | 1882 | 5 |\n| | 1875 | 81 |\n| | 1905 | 4 |\n| | 1892 | 6 |\n| | 1890 | 4 |\n| | 1896 | 3 |\n| Kwangai-Kweilin | 1899 | 5 |\n| Tsaoshih | 1899 | b |\n\n## OTHER SOCIETIES\n### Friends and Interdenominational\n| Province and Town | Mission Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Taichowfu | 1892 | 13 |\n| Tingchowfu | 1892 | ୫ |\n| Tungluksien | 1913 | 1 |\n| Chibi- | | |\n\n### PRESBYTERIAN\n| Province and Town | Mission Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Kiangsu Shanghai | [843 | 7 |\n| Peking | 1861 | 15 |\n| Kwangsi-Nanning | 1914 | 1 |\n| Siaochang.. | 1888 | 10 |\n| Kiangsu Shanghai | 1914 | 2 |\n| Kwangtung-Canton | 1898 | 12 |\n| Tie-n-tain | 1861 | 13 |\n| Hupch-Ichang | 1878 | |\n| Szechwan-Chengtu | 1904 | 8 |\n| | 1862 | 20 |\n| Tsangchow | 1895 | 10 |\n| Hongkong | 14 | |\n| Shangtong Tsinaniu, | 1917 | 2 |\n| Chung king | 1890 | 11 |\n| Kwantung-Kowloon.. | | |\n| Limehowfu | | |\n| Pakhoi | | |\n| Yunnan-Yunnan-fu | | |\n| Szechwan-Autsien | | |\n| ('heng tu | | |\n| Chungkinghsien | | |\n| Chungking | | |\n| Chungpa | | |\n| Lunganfu.. | | |\n| Miencłow.. | 1000 | 3 |\n| Shanghai-Shanghai | 1843 | 17 |\n| Suining | 1901 | :::: |\n| Kwangtung-Canton .. | 1807 | 4 |\n| Tungchwan | 1900 | |\n| | 1886 | ४ |\n| Hong Kong | 1843 | 11 |\n| Fukien-Tungliang.. | 1904 | 2 |\n| | 1915 | 5 |\n| Kwangtung-Poklo | 1850 | 4 |\n| Amoy | 1894 | î |\n\n## METHODIST\n| Province and Town | Mission Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Chanipu | | |\n| Chuanchowfu | | |\n| Yungchun.. | | |\n| Shanghang | | |\n| Kwangtung-Samhopa | ::::: | |\n| | 1850 | 13 |\n| | 1889 | 4 |\n\n## Unclassified under Denomination\n| Province and Town | Mission Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Apostolic Faith Missionaries | 1899 | |\n| Chekiang- | 1902 | |\n| | 1894 | |\n| Czechwan- | 1911 | |\n| Chengtn | 1892 | 73 |\n| Wukingfu.. | 1882 | 12 |\n| Shansi- | | |\n| Chaochowfu | 1888 | 5 |\n| | 1894 | 20 |\n| Chungchow | 1911 | * |\n| Miesclusieu | 1804 | |\n| Mowchow | 1900 | |\n| Chungking | | |\n| Fowchow.. | | |\n| Jenshowbsitn | 1910 | 21 |\n| Swabue | 1898 | |\n| Swatow | 1856 | 18 |\n| | 1913 | B |\n| | 1907 | ў |\n| Paoniug | ++ | |\n| Shihchan.. | 1895 | |\n| Junghsien | 1905 | 14 |\n| Ilangchow | | |\n| Ningpo | | |\n| Kiangsu Shanghai | | |\n| Fengcheu.. | | |\n| Pingtingchow | | |\n| Tatungfu | | |\n| Yang kao | 1913 | 3 |\n| | 1912 | 4 |\n| Sintulisien.. | 1894 | |\n| Kiatingfu.. | 1894 | 16 |\n\n## PRESBYTERIAN Church in Canada\n| Province and Town | Mission Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Sheasi-Yulinfu | | 7 |\n| | 1910 | 4 |\n| | 1911 | 2 |\n| | 1913 | 2 |\n| Tebyang | 1903 | 2 |\n| Lachow | 1908 | 7 |\n| Honan-- | | |\n| Penghsien.. | 1908 | 6 |\n| Changte Ho | 1854 | 21 |\n\n## Federal Foreign Mission Committee of Churches of Christ in Australia\n| Province and Town | Mission Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Tzeliutsing | 1907 | 19 |\n| Hwalkingfu | 1902 | 15 |\n\n## Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts\n| Province and Town | Mission Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Chibi- | | |\n| Chichow | | |\n| Hokientu .. | | |\n| Peking | | |\n\n## United Methodist Church Missionary Society\n| Province and Town | Mission Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Tien-tain | 1880 | |\n| Yungching | 1889 | |\n| Chihli- | 1880 | མ ུམཐ |\n| Ningpo | 2 | |\n| Peking | | |\n| Tangshan | | |\n| Shantung-Tien-tain | thefoo | |\n| | 1874 | (Vacant) |\n| Yung pingfu | | |\n| Pingyin | 1879 | |\n| Kiaugsi-Kuling | 1864 | |\n| | 1878 | |\n| | 1883 | |\n| | 1861 | |\n| | 1902 | ++ |\n| Kaifeng | | |\n| Siuwu | | |\n| Tackow | | |\n| Weihwei | 1914 | |\n| Wuan | | |\n| Kiangsu Shanghai | 1916 | 1 |\n\n## Canarlian Holiness Movement Mission\n| Province and Town | Mission Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| | 1908 | |\n| | 1902 | 25 |\n| Hupac- | 1909 | 2 |\n| Kiangsu Shanghai | 1899 | |\n| Ansiang | 1911 | 5 |\n| Shantung Tsinan | 1917 | |\n| Changteh | 1910 | 2 |\n| Kwangtung-Kongmoon | 1902 | 14 |\n| ₹ | | |\n\n## Foreign Mission of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland\n| Province and Town | Mission Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Chibli-Triantu | 1878 | 8 |\n| Shantung- | | |\n| Tainan | | |\n| Tungchangfu | | |\n| Wei-hai Wei | | |\n| Yunchowfu | | |\n\n## BAPTIST\n| Province and Town | Mission Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Chucliiatsai, via Telchow | 1866 | 4 |\n| Chaoyangfu | 1885 | 5 |\n| Manchuria- | 1913 | 2 |\n| Wuting | 1905 | 2 |\n| Chengteblu (Jehol) via Peking | 1906 | 5 |\n| Kirin, Kirin | 1891 | |\n| | 1901 | 2 |\n| Chekiang Wenchow.. | 1878 | 9 |\n| Chihfeng (Hada) | 1912 | 5 |\n| Kwanchengtze, Kiria | 1886 | |\n| Pingchuan, Pakow | 1897 | 3 |\n| | 1909 | 4 |\n| Kweichow- | | |\n| Shihu enkan, viâ Chaotung, | 1907 | |\n| Yushuting, Kirin | 1891 | 4 |\n| Chinchowfu, Shengking | | |\n| Linyuanhsien, Tatzukou | 1885 | 5 |\n| | 1885 | 4 |\n| Tukiawopu | 1906 | 3 |\n| Yunnan | | |\n| Sifangeling, via Chaotung. | 1907 | 1 |\n| Fakuting, Shengking | 1891 | 5 |\n| Kiangsi- | | |\n| Baptist Missionary Society | | |\n| Kwanguing, Shengking | 1891 | 3 |\n| Ani Ki | 1902 | 2 |\n| Yumo | | |\n| Moukdeo, Shengking | 1889 | ti |\n| Hukow | 1899 | 2 |\n| Chibli-Peking | | |\n| Kinngsu-Shanghai.. | | |\n| Shansi-... | | |\n| Sinchow | 2 | |\n| Yunnan- | 4 | |\n| Chao ung .. | 1886 | 4 |\n| Newchwang, Shengking | 1869 | |\n| Fengsin, lienghaien | 1903 | |\n| Siuminfu, Shengking | 1888 | |\n| Kao An Heli | 19073 | 2 |\n| Tungeliwau | 1885 | 3 |\n| Kuikiang.. | 1899 | 18A5 |\n| | | 6 |\n| Na.chunghsier | 1896 | 10 |\n| Taichow | | |\n| Taiyuanfu.. | 1802 | 6 |\n| Wesleyan Methodist Missionury Society | 1878 | 19 |\n| Shaho, via Kiuliang | 2 | |\n| Sinchang | 1×99 | |\n| Shantung- | | |\n| Hunan- | | |\n| Kwangtung- | | |\n| Teianhsien.. | 1808 | |\n| Chowisun.. | 1003 | 15 |\n| Changsha | 1902 | 4 |\n| Canton City | 1901 | |\n| Poichen, Putsi | 1903 | 5 |\n| Liuyanglisien | 1908 | |\n| Jena | 1902 | |\n| Tainan | 1904 | 26 |\n| Packing | 1903 | 3 |\n| Kongtsun.. | 1908 | 11 |\n| Tuchanghsien | 1918 | |\n| Tukiafow | 1899 | |\n| Yungsiuhaien Ki | 1896 | |\n\n## United Free Church of Scotland's Foreign Mission Committee\n| Province and Town | Mission Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Shensi-Panyuanhsien | | |\n| Sianfu | | |\n| Yenanfu | 1904 | 2 |\n| Yiyang | 1906 | 5 |\n| Shantung-Kwa Hisia Kia | | |\n| Yungchowfu | 1904 | G |\n| Shibiso | 189 | 3 |\n| Hupeh- | | |\n| Shengking-Tashuipob | 1911 | 4 |\n| Anla | 1891 | -3 |\n| | | 7 |\n| Chaoyangchen | 1900 | 4 |\n| Hankow | .. 1562 | 15 |\n| Yungling | 1807 | |\n| | 1894 | |\n| Wei-hải Wei | 1892 | * |\n| Wenteng | 1858 | 9 |", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 490240, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921", "page_number": 731, "title": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921", "content_text": "## Mission Statistics\n\n| Province and Town | Mission | Opened | No. of Staff |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Lienkong | CONGREGATIONAL | 1887 | 2 |\n| Suicbow | London Missionary Society | 1889 | 4 |\n| Loyüanhaien | London Missionary Society | | |\n| Ningteh | | 1896 | 3 |\n| Hanan-Hopeh-Taveli | | | |\n| Hengehowfa | | 1910 | |\n| Hankow | | 1861 | 18 |\n| Siangtan | | 1911 | |\n| Hwangpei | | 1898 | |\n| Yangchowfu | | 1903 | |\n| Siaokan | | 1880 | |\n| Kwangsi-Kweilin | | 1899 | 5 |\n| Tanoshih | | 1899 | |\n| Chekiang-Wachang | | 1867 | *2007 |\n| Chukilsien | | 1892 | 5 |\n| Fakian-Hangchow | | 1865 | 226 |\n| Amoy | | 1844 | 7 |\n| Hong Kong | | | |\n| Ningpo | | 1848 | 19 |\n| Changchowfu | | 1862 | |\n| Shaolingfu | | 1870 | 8 |\n| Hweianhsien | | 1866 | |\n| Taichuwfu | | 1892 | 13 |\n| Tingchowfu | | 1892 | 100 |\n| Kwangtung-Shuichow | | 1863 | + |\n| Liaoyang | | 1882 | |\n| Moukden | | 1875 | |\n| Heilungchang Hular | | 1880 | + |\n| Kirin-Ashibe | | 1892 | |\n| Shengking-Wusueh | | 1875 | h |\n| Kaiyuan | | 1896 | |\n| Kwangsi-Wachow | | 1896 | 6 |\n| Tiebling | | 1896 | |\n| Kwangtung-Canton | | 1852 | ! |\n| Fatsban | | 1869 | |\n| | | 1889 | 4 |\n| | | 1871 | 6 |\n| Tongluhsien | PRESBYTERIAN | 1913 | 1 |\n| Chibli-Peking | Church of Scotland, Foreign Mission Committee | 1861 | 15 |\n| Kiangsu-Shanghai | | 1845 | 7 |\n| Kwangsi-Nanning | | 1914 | 1 |\n| Siaochang | | 1888 | 10 |\n| Hupeb-Ichang | | 1878 | |\n| Kiangs-Shanghai | Friends and Interdenominational, Friends' Foreign Mission Association | 1914 | 2 |\n| Kwangtung-Canton | | 1898 | 12 |\n| Hongkong | | 1862 | 20 |\n| Tien-taiu | | 1861 | 13 |\n| Chengtu | | 1904 | 8 |\n| Shangtang-Tsinanfu | Foreign Missions Committee of the Presbyterian Church of England | 1917 | 2 |\n| Suining | | 1904 | 5 |\n| Kowloon | | 1900 | 3 |\n| Shanghai | | 1843 | 17 |\n| Tungchwan | | 1900 | |\n| Linchowfu | | | |\n| Pakboi | | 1902 | 4 |\n| Kwangtung-Carton | | 1807 | + |\n| Fukien-Tungling | | 1904 | |\n| Kong Kong | | 1843 | 11 |\n| Yanuan-Yunnan-fu | | 1915 | 5 |\n| Kwangtung-Poklo | | 1850 | 4 |\n| Amoy | | | |\n| Changpu | | 1850 | 13 |\n| | | 1889 | + |\n| Szechwan-Anhsien | Inclassified under Denomination | 1894 | |\n| Chengtu | | | |\n| Chungkianghaien | | 1903 | |\n| Chungking | | 1917 | |\n| Changpa | | 1894 | |\n| Lunganfu | | 1911 | |\n| Mienchow | | 1894 | 20 |\n| Mienchuhsien | | 1894 | |\n| Mowchow | | 1906 | |\n| ProDing | | | |\n| Shinchuan | | 1895 | |\n| Sintuhsien | | 1294 | |\n| Tehyang | | 1903 | |\n| Szechwan-Chengta | METHODIST, Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, Canada | 1892 | 73 |\n| Chüanchowfo | | | 3 |\n| Yangchau | | | 2 |\n| Shanghang | | | 4 |\n| Kwangsi-Symphoa | | | |\n| Wukingfu | | 1881 | 1+ |\n| Cheklang-Hangchow | Apostolic Faith Missionaries | 1902 | 12 |\n| Chungchow | | 1911 | 8 |\n| Chungking | | 1910 | 21 |\n| Chaochowfu | | | |\n| Swabue | | | |\n| Swatow | | 1856 | NNA*X |\n| Fowehow | | 1913 | 8 |\n| Jenshowhaieu | | 1907 | 9 |\n| Janghsien | | 1905 | 14 |\n| Kiangsu-Shanghai | Foreign Mission Committee of the Presbyterian Church in Canada | | |\n| Shansi-Fengchen | | 1913 | 4 |\n| Pingtingchow | | | 22 |\n| Tatungfu | | | ***** |\n| Yangkao | | 1912 | |\n| Kiatingfu | | 1894 | 16 |\n| Shensi-Tülinfu | | 1910 | 4 |\n| Luchow | | 1911 | 2 |\n| Honan | | 1913 | |\n| Penghsien | Federal Foreign Mission Committee of Churches of Christ in Australia | 1908 | 6 |\n| Tzeliutsing | | 1907 | 19 |\n| Changte Ho | | 1894 | 21 |\n| Hwaikingfo | Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts | 1902 | 15 |\n| Chibli-Chichow | | 1904 | 1 |\n| Chibli-Hokienfu | United Methodist Church Missionary Society | 1880 | |\n| Chibli-Peking | | 1880 | 24 |\n| Tien-tsin | | | |\n| Yungcbing | | 1889 | |\n| Shantung | | 1890 | co to o |\n| Ningpo | | | 2 |\n| Peking | | | |\n| Tangshan | | 1879 | 9 |\n| Chefoo | | | |\n| Pingyin | | 1874 | (Vacant) |\n| Taianfu | | | |\n| Tainan | | | |\n| Tungchowfu | | | |\n| Wei-hai-Wei | | 1864 | 8 |\n| Yenchowfu | | 1878 | 1 |\n| Yangpingfu | | 1883 | 2 |\n| Kiaugsi-Kuling | | 1861 | |\n| Kaifeng | | 1902 | ĐÔI TAN GIG |\n| Siuwn | | | |\n| Tackow | | | |\n| Weihwei | | | Weal |\n| Kiangsu-Shanghai | Foreign Mission of the Presbyterian Church in Canada | 1914 | 2 |\n| Shantung-Tainan | | 1916 | 1 |\n| Kwangtung-Kongmoon | | 1912 | 4 |\n| | Canadian Holiness Movement Mission | 1908 | 5 |\n| Hunan-Ansiang | | 1899 | 2 |\n| Changteh | | 1911 | 5 |\n| | | 1917 | 3 |\n| | | 1910 | 2 |\n| | Christian Missions in Many Lands, Church in Ireland | 1902 | 14 |\n| Chihli | | 1878 | |\n| Shantung-Chaoynugfa | | 1885 | ++ |\n| Manchuria-Chengtefu (Johol) via Peking | | 1906 | |\n| | | 1916 | 5 |\n| Kirin, Kirin | | 1891 | |\n| Chilfeng (Hada) | | 1912 | |\n| | | 1915 | |\n| Chekiang-Wenchow | | 1878 | 9 |\n| Kwanchangtze, Kirin | | 1886 | 6 |\n| Pingchuan, Pakow | | 1897 | |\n| | | 1901 | 2 |\n| Kweichow-Yüshuting, Kiria | | 1891 | 4 |\n| Linyüanhsien, Tatzukou | | 1885 | |\n| | | 1909 | 處 |\n| Shihmenkan, via Chaotang | | 1907 | 3 |\n| Chinchowfu, Shengking | | 1855 | + |\n| Takiawopu | | 1906 | 3 |\n| Yuruan | | | |\n| Fakating, Shengking | | 1891 | 5 |\n| Sifangching, via Chaotung | BAPTIST, Baptist Missionary Society | 1907 | 1 |\n| Kwangsing, Shengking | | 1891 | 3 |\n| Ani Ki | | 1902 | |\n| Yunnan-Monkilen | | 1889 | 6 |\n| Hukow | | 1899 | |\n| Yunnan-fu | | | |\n| Newchwang, Shengking | | 1869 | |\n| Feugsin, [fenghsien] | | 1903 | 4 |\n| Chibli-Peking | | | 2 |\n| Kiangsu-Shanghai | | | 4 |\n| Chanting | | 1886 | |\n| Siaminfo, Shengking | | 1888 | |\n| Kao An Hsien | | 1903 | |\n| Shansi-Tungchwan | | 1885 | |\n| Knikiang | | 1893 | |\n| Nanchaughsien | Foreign Mission Committee of the Baptist Union of Scotland | 1897 | |\n| Sinchow | | 1885 | 6 |\n| Taichow | | 1892 | 6 |\n| Taiyuanfu | | 1878 | 19 |\n| Shao, via Kiukiang | Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society | | |\n| Sischung | | 1899 | |\n| Kwangtung-Teianhsien | Presbyterian Church of New Zealand | 1893 | |\n| Shantung | | | |\n| Hunan-Chowtsun | | 1903 | 15 |\n| Changsha | | 1902 | |\n| Peichen, Patai | | 1903 | 5 |\n| Linyangbeien | | 1908 | |\n| Tainan | | 1904 | 26 |\n| Packing | | 1909 | |\n| Tsingchowfo | | 1875 | 13 |\n| Pingkiang | | 1904 | 2 |\n| Weibsion | | | |\n| Yiyang | | 1906 | |\n| Yangchowfu | | 1904 | VƏ VƏ 29 30 19 to |\n| Canton City | | 1901 | + |\n| Tachanghsien | | 1918 | |\n| Jeaho | | 1902 | 3 |\n| Tukisfow | | 1899 | |\n| Kongtauu | | 1908 | 11 |\n| Yungxiubsien Ki | | 1896 | |\n| Shantung | United Free Church of Scotland's Foreign Mission Committee | | |\n| Kwan Hain Kis | | | |\n| Shibtao | | 1889 | |\n| Shengking-Savy anhsion | | 1891 | 5 |\n| Hupeb-Sianfu | | 1892 | 22 |\n| Anlu | | 1801 | 7 |\n| Chaoyangchen | | 1897 | 4 |\n| Tashnipoli | | | |\n| Wei-bai-Wei | | 1911 | |\n| Yenanfu | | 1892 | |\n| Hankow | | 1862 | 15 |\n| Yungling | | 1894 | 4 |\n| Wenteng | | 1898 | 1 |", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 557528, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-567-10 Companies Amendment Ordinance- draft bill 15-9-1938 - 28-9-1938", "page_number": 275, "title": "CO129-567-10 Companies Amendment Ordinance- draft bill 15-9-1938 - 28-9-1938", "content_text": "Page 345\n\nPage 346\n\n151\n\n150\n\n6th February, 1936\n\nTHE PALESTINE GAZETTE\n\nTHE PALESTINE GAZETTE\n\n6th February, 1936\n\n1. The Packing & Storing Syndicate Ltd.\n\n2.\n\n1. \"Metra Mediterranean Trading Co. Ltd.\n\n2. 13.1.36.\n\n3.\n\n2.\n\n1. Levant Fuel Company Ltd.\n\n2. 1.1.36.\n\n3. To act as dealers and agents in all kinds of fuel.\n\n2.\n\n3.\n\nTo carry on business as merchants.\n\n4. LP. 1,000.-\n\nLP. 1.-\n\ndivided into 1,000 shares of each.\n\n4.\n\n1.\n\nPalestine Cattle Supply Co. Ltd.\n\n1.\n\n2.\n\n2.1.36.\n\n3.\n\nTo carry on the business of cattle dealers.\n\n2.\n\n3.\n\n4.\n\nLP. 750.- divided into 750 shares of LP. 1. each.\n\nstock owners and breeders.\n\nLP. 1,500. divided into 1,500 shares of LP. 1.-- each.\n\n\"Hashahar Publishing Company Ltd.\n\n13.1.36.\n\nTo carry on the business of proprietors and publishers of newspapers and other literary works.\n\n4. LP. 10,000.- divided into 15 founders' shares of LP. 1.- each and 9985 ordinary shares of LP. 1. each.\n\n1.\n\nYair Publishing Ltd.\n\n2.\n\n2.1.36.\n\n3.\n\nTo carry on the business as proprietors and publishers of newspapers and other literary works.\n\n1.\n\n2.\n\n3.\n\neach.\n\n4. LP. 200.- divided into 200 shares of LP. 1.\n\n\"Pharma\" Ltd.\n\n14.1.36.\n\nTo carry on the business of distributors and dealers in medicinal and chemical products.\n\n4. LP. 1,000.— divided into 90 A shares of LP. 1.\n\n1. Ormo Ltd.\n\n2.\n\n2.1.36.\n\n3.\n\nTo carry on the business of dealers in textile fabrics of all kinds.\n\n1.\n\n2.\n\n4. LP. 1,000.- divided into 1,000 shares of LP. 1. each.\n\nPalestine Plate Glass & Paint Works (Shepherd Tobias & Co.) Ltd.\n\n1.\n\n2.\n\n3.1.36.\n\n3.\n\nTo manufacture and deal in all kinds of plate glass.\n\n4. LP. 15,000.- divided into 8,100 ordinary A shares of LP. 1. each and 2,300 ordinary B shares of LP. 3.- each.\n\nRekhush Levako Ltd.\n\n3.1.36.\n\n3. To acquire immovable property and turn same to account.\n\n4.\n\n1.\n\n2.\n\n3.\n\n4.\n\nLP. 1,000. divided into 1,000 shares of LP. 1. each.\n\nJerusalem Rivoli Company Ltd. 10.1.36.\n\nTo carry on the business of importers and dealers of all kinds of merchandise especially in gentlemen's and ladies' wear.\n\nLP. 1,000.- divided into 988 ordinary shares of LP. 1. each, 10 preference shares of LP. 1.- each and 2 governors' shares of LP. 1.- each.\n\n1. Liebling Company Ltd.\n\n2. 10.1.36.\n\n3. To purchase or otherwise acquire a plot of land in Tel Aviv and to develop and turn same to account.\n\n4. LP. 1,000.- divided into 1,000 shares of LP. 1. each.\n\n1. \"Atlar\" Estates Ltd.\n\n2.\n\n13.1.36.\n\n3. To purchase and acquire immovable property in Tel Aviv and to develop and turn same to account.\n\n4. LP. 1,000.- divided into 1,000 shares of LP. 1. each.\n\nLP. 10. each and 2,000 B shares of LP. 0.050 each.\n\nRechush Poale Raanana Ltd. 14.1.36.\n\n3. To support all kinds of institutions for the members of the General Federation of Jewish Labour in Palestine.\n\n4.\n\nLP. 1,000.- divided into 1 founder's share of LP. 1.- and 999 ordinary shares of LP. 1.- each.\n\n1.\n\n\"Yehayenu” Ltd.\n\n2.\n\n19.1.36.\n\n3.\n\nTo manage a farm.\n\n4. LP. 1,000.- divided into 100 shares of LP. 10 each.\n\n1. Czechoslovak Palestine Trading & Trust Company Ltd.\n\n2.\n\n3.\n\n19.1.36.\n\nTo promote trade, commerce and shipping between Palestine and Czechoslovakia.\n\n4. LP. 10,000.- divided into 9,990 ordinary shares of LP. 1.- each and 10 founders' shares of LP. 1. each.\n\nTo carry on the business of company.\n\n17.1.36.\n\n3. To carry on the business of pressing and packing of citrus fruit.\n\n4. LP. 1,000.- divided into 1,000 ordinary shares of LP. 1. each.\n\n1. Palestine Agricultural Settlement Association Ltd.\n\n2.\n\n21.1.36.\n\n3. To assist the establishment in Palestine of Jewish agricultural communities.\n\n4. LP. 50,000.- divided into 100 founders' shares of LP. 1. each and 49,900 ordinary shares of LP. 1. each.\n\nNOTICE OF REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN COMPANIES UNDER THE COMPANIES ORDINANCE, 1929.\n\n2. Place of Incorporation.\n\n4. Object of Company.\n\nCOMPANIES ORDINANCE, 1929.\n\nNotices pursuant to section 248(2) of the Companies Ordinance, 1929.\n\nI.\n\nNotice is hereby given that at the expiration of three months from the date of this notice the name of the Bnei Brak Investment Company Limited, will, unless cause is shown to the contrary, be struck off the Register of Companies.\n\nH. KANTROVITCH Registrar of Companies.\n\n31st January, 1936.\n\nII.\n\nNotice is hereby given that at the expiration of three months from the date of this notice the name of the Palalpac Electro-Plated and Metal Goods Factory Limited, will, unless cause is shown to the contrary, be struck off the Register of Companies.\n\nH. KANTROVITCH Registrar of Companies.\n\nJ.\n\nName of Company.\n\n3. Date of Registration.\n\n5.\n\nName of person authorised to accept notices and to act on behalf of the company.\n\n6th January, 1936.\n\nL\n\nGresham Fire & Accident Insurance Society Ltd.\n\n2. England.\n\n3.\n\n14.1.36.\n\n4.\n\nTo carry on the business of an insurance company.\n\n5.\n\nNOTICES\n\nI.\n\nNear East Agencies Ltd., Julian's Way, Jerusalem.\n\nPalestine Czechoslovak Syndicate Ltd.\n\nNotice is hereby given that the name of the Palestine Czechoslovak Syndicate Ltd. has been changed by special resolution and in accordance with section 25 of the Companies Ordinance, 1929, to:\n\nSCHINDLER & YELIN LTD.\n\nNOTICES\n\nI.\n\nNotice is hereby given that the Kupath Milveh Webisachon Co-operativith schel Haovdim Be-Tel-Aviv Ltd. has been registered as a company under the Companies Ordinance, 1929, and is entitled to transact banking business.\n\nH. KANTROVITCH Registrar of Companies.\n\n1.\n\nModel Flats Ltd.\n\n2.\n\n19.1.36.\n\n3.\n\na building\n\n4.\n\nLP. 12,007.-- divided into 12,007 shares of LP. 1. each.\n\n31st January, 1936.\n\n1.\n\nA. Soskin & Co. Ltd.\n\nII.\n\n2.\n\n15.1.36.\n\n3.\n\n4. LP. 2,000.- divided into shares of LP. 50. each.\n\nTo carry on the business of printers, lithographers and manufacturers of papers.\n\n40\n\nNotice is hereby given that the Kupath Milveh Haklait Aguda Hadadit Ltd. has been registered as a company under the Companies Ordinance, 1929, and is entitled to transact banking business.\n\nH. KANTROVITCH Registrar of Companies.\n\n1.\n\n2.\n\n3.\n\nPalestine Fishing Company Ltd.\n\n21.1.36.\n\nTo carry on business as fishers and to deal in fish and fish products.\n\n4. LP. 5,000.- divided into 1,000 shares of LP. 1. each and 800 shares of LP. 5.- each.\n\n31st January, 1936.\n\nII.\n\nLevant Commercial & Industrial Corporation Ltd.\n\nNotice is hereby given that the name of the Levant Commercial & Industrial Corporation Ltd. has been changed by special resolution and in accordance with section 25 of the Companies Ordinance, 1929, to:\n\n\"LEYCO\" LEVANT COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION LTD.\n\nIII.\n\n\"Elite\" Chocolate & Sweets Factory Ltd.\n\nNotice is hereby given that the name of the \"Elite\" Chocolate & Sweets Factory Ltd. has been changed...\n\nPage 151\n\nPage 150", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-567-10 Companies Amendment Ordinance- draft bill 15-9-1938 - 28-9-1938.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 } ]