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    {
        "id": 228169,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-027 - Public Offices - 1848",
        "page_number": 473,
        "title": "CO129-027 - Public Offices - 1848",
        "content_text": "486\n\nAppendix.\n\nTrade between Bombay and China.\n\nReport on the Tea Trade.\n\nCopper Sheathing\n\nMetals:\n\nCopper Nails -\n\nIron, Old\n\nIron, Kentledge\n\nTin Plate\n\nMother of Pearl Shells\n\nOil, of Sorts\n\nOpium\n\nPaint\n\nPiece Goods:\n\nDyed Cotton\n\nPlain Cotton\n\nSilk, Country\n\nSilk, China\n\nShawls, Cashmere\n\nPrecious Stones, Pearls -\n\nSharkfins\n\n[ 50 ]\n\nEXPORTS to China in 1843-44-continued.\n\nQUANTITY.\n\n25 boxes\n\nWEIGHT.\n\nVALUE.\n\nTons.\n\nCrots.\n\nLbs.\n\nRs.\n\n40\n\n20\n\n12\n\n119\n\n50 20\n\n4,764\n\n600\n\n375\n\n538\n\n64\n\n3,362\n\n84\n\n300\n\n22,461 chests -\n\n2,69,41,880\n\n36\n\n56\n\n730\n\n100 pieces\n\n1,096\n\n3,311 pieces\n\n19,448\n\n1,124 pieces\n\n9,961\n\n461 pieces\n\n3,594\n\n2, number\n\n1,200\n\n3,19,377\n\n8,478\n\n94\n\n1,82,134\n\n850\n\n25 gallons\n\n279 23,694\n\n1702 doz.&112gals.\n\n3,689\n\n5,007\n\nWoollen, British\n\n551 pieces\n\n64,378 7,890\n\nMerchandise Horses\n\n3,88,85,919 1,500\n\nTOTAL\n\nRs. 3,88,87,410\n\nH. H. Glass,\n\nCollector of Customs.\n\nSaddlery\n\nSpirits\n\nSundries\n\nWine, Sherry\n\nWood, of Sorts\n\nBombay Custom House,\n\n5 August 1844.\n\nTo the Hon. R. M. Martin,\n\nHer Majesty's Treasurer, China.\n\n(9.)\n\nREPORT on the TEA TRADE, transmitted to Her Majesty's Government from China, in July 1845.By R. M. Martin.\n\nTHE traffic in an innutritious herb, grown almost solely in one district of Asia, and in a country hitherto isolated from the western nations, is one of the most remarkable illustrations of the enterprise and energy of modern commerce. A trade involving British capital to the extent of about 10,000,000l. sterling, furnishing regular employment to about 60,000 tons of first-class English-built shipping, contributing nearly 5,000,000l. sterling of annual revenue to the Exchequer, and influencing materially the morals and sobriety of the nation, deserves investigation in detail, as regards its rise, progress, and present condition.\n\nThe tea plant, although found in different parts of the eastern hemisphere, is probably indigenous to China, or Japan, where it is extensively cultivated. The earliest record to be found of the use of tea is in the records of the Moorish historians and travellers in the end of the eighth century, at which period the Mahommedans had free ingress and residence in China, subject to very few restrictions.\n\nIbn Batuta mentions that the emperor received the revenues from salt; that paper money, bearing the government stamp, was current in the country; and that the general drink of the people was prepared by immersing the leaves of a small plant in hot water, which was used medicinally as well as for correcting the bad properties of the water.\n\nSoliman, an Arabian merchant, who visited China, A. D. 850, describes \"sah\" (tea), as the usual beverage of the people.\n\nTexeira, a Spaniard, in 1600, saw dried leaves (of tea) at Malacca, which were in use among the Chinese. Olearius, in 1633, found the use of tea pretty general among the Persians, who procured it from China by means of the Usbeck Tartars. The Russian ambassador (Stawkaw) to the court of the Mogul Chau Shau Attyn, partook of tea, and at his departure he was offered it for the Czar Michael Romanoff, which he refused, not knowing of what use it would be in Russia.\n\nOf the first introduction of tea into Europe we know but little. In 1517, Emmanuel, King of Portugal, sent a fleet of eight ships to China, and an ambassador to Pekin, who obtained permission to open a trade; but it was not until after the formation of the Dutch East India Company in 1602, that the use of tea became known on the continent, and although the enterprising Hollanders paid considerable attention to it, as an article of commerce, the consumption increased but little, for in 1670 it was unknown in Dort.\n\n[ 5 ]\n\nThe Dutch, in their second voyage to China, bought a good deal of tea, at from 8d. to 10d. per pound (the price at the present day), which, although of a middling quality, sold in Paris for 30 livres a pound; and for some years the best Japanese tea, esteemed as much better than that of China, brought from 100 to 200 livres per pound in France, until the use of coffee and chocolate became fashionable and general.\n\nThe first authentic notice to be found of tea in England, is in an Act of Parliament (12 Car. II, c. 23) A. D. 1660, by which a duty of 8d. per gallon was laid on all tea made and sold in coffee-houses; and by an Act framed in the same year the duties of excise on malt liquor, cyder, perry, meal, spirits, or strong waters, coffee, tea, sherbet, and chocolate were settled on the king for life. In the diary of Mr. Pepys, secretary of the Admiralty, there is found under date 25th September 1661, the following memorandum relative to tea \"I sent for a cup of tea, a Chinese drink, of which I had never drank before.\"\n\nIn 1662, Charles the Second married the Princess Catherine of Portugal, who it is said was fond of tea, having been accustomed to it in her own country, hence it became fashionable in England. Waller, in a birth-day ode on her Majesty, ascribes the introduction of the herb to the queen in the following lines:\n\n\"The best of queens and best of herbes we owe\n\ndid show\n\nTo that bold nation who the\n\nway\n\nTo the fair region where the sun doth rise, Whose rich productions we so justly prize.\"\n\nThe same poet attributes an inspiring power to the Chinese leaf:\n\n\"The muses' friend, tea, does our fancy aid,\n\nRepress those vapours which the head invade.\"\n\nIn 1660 tea was sold in England at three guineas per pound. The following copy of an advertisement in 1680, shows the price of the leaf, and the mode of vending it to the public:\n\n\"These are to give notice to persons of quality, that a small parcel of most excellent tea is by accident fallen into the hands of a private person to be sold; but that none may be disappointed, the lowest price is thirty shillings a pound, and not any to be sold under a pound weight, for which they are desired to bring a convenient box. Enquire at Mr. Thomas Eagle's, at the King's Head, in St. James's Market.”—London Gazette, 16 December 1680.\n\nIn 1666 Lords Arlington and Ossory brought a quantity of tea from Holland; its price in England then was 60s. per pound. About this period, the East India Company being desirous of presenting a rarity to his Majesty, procured 22 lbs. of tea, which was thought a valuable offering to royalty.\n\nHeretofore the small quantity used in England was obtained from the Continent; for in 1634, some English ships having visited Canton, a rupture took place between our seamen and the Chinese, and trade was for some time interdicted; but in 1668 the Court of Directors, in the despatch to their factories at Bantam in Java, ordered them to send home by their ships 100 lbs, weight of the best tea they could get. And accordingly, in 1669, the East India Company's first invoice of tea was received, amounting to two canisters of 143 lbs. Such was the commencement of a trade which, by the most judicious management, has now risen to an importation of upwards of 50,000,000 lbs. weight. That a careful proportioning of the supply to the demand was absolutely necessary, will be evident from the following fact, which at this early period operated as a warning to the Company, and has since proved highly beneficial to the commerce. In 1678 the East India Company imported 4,713 lbs. of tea; but this then large quantity completely glutted the market, for the imports of tea during the ensuing six years amounted in all to only 318 lbs. In 1680 the Company opened a direct trade with China.\n\nIn 1689 the old mode of levying the duty on tea, viz. by the quantity made in the coffee-houses, being found very uncertain as well as vexatious, an Act of 1 Gul. & Mar., sess. 2, c. 6, fixed a custom duty of 5s. a pound, together with the former sum of five per cent. on the value.\n\nFor some time the consumption of tea slowly increased in England, in consequence of the high rate of duty, which was sometimes as high as 200 per cent. on the sale price.\n\nA considerable degree of smuggling arose, which was only put down by lowering the taxation. During the years 1697, 1698, and 1699, the East India Company imported on an average 20,000 lbs. of tea annually. In 1700 the importation was augmented to 60,000 lbs. a year, the average price of tea being 16s. per pound. In 1721 the importation of tea into England exceeded for the first time 1,000,000 lbs.; and at the September sale in 1728, the quantity put up for sale was 769,104 lbs., the duty on which amounted to 153,820l. sterling.\n\nThe bill of cargo of the Cæsar, which arrived from China 17th May 1726, has entered in it 358,000 lbs. of tea, the duty on which was 71,620l. sterling. Since the commencement of the present century the annual consumption of tea in the United Kingdom has increased by upwards of 20,000,000 of pounds, while its use during the same period has been decreasing in Europe and America. In the space of 100 years, from 1710 to 1810, there were sold at the East India Company's sales 750,219,016 lbs. of tea, the value of which was 129,804,595l. sterling. Of this quantity of tea 116,470,675 lbs. were re-exported. Since the commencement of the present century, 1,385,949,566 lbs. of tea have been sold in England,",
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    {
        "id": 396912,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-329 - Governor Nathan - 1905 [7-12]",
        "page_number": 206,
        "title": "CO129-329 - Governor Nathan - 1905 [7-12]",
        "content_text": "## Original Text Proofread\n\nThe original text appears to be a diplomatic correspondence regarding railway policy and loan negotiations. Here is the proofread text in Markdown format:\n\nHis Excellency has nearly arranged to finance the Hupei Section of Lu Szechuan and Stackow line. A copy of translation of this letter will be sent today. 2) He has not mentioned the draft agreement sent to him on August 10th and it looks though His Excellency's pro-Japanese Secretary has induced him to keep backsliding on the promise of the concomitant advantages which were based on the supposition that we would keep the loan from going through. 3) It is doubtful whether in case we do not modify terms as per his letter of August 9th, the limited preference offered would be carried out in good faith.\n\nI have prepared a telegram reciting the concessions already made at his request, giving my own opinion that if all his objections to the moderate terms had been made at first, the negotiations might not have continued and stating that His Excellency's latest objection is being considered. I send it. 4) In order to show that I have no intention to think our side cannot still reconsider the question of the loan and that his letter may have serious effect, I am telling his secretary that I am going away tonight for a week and expect instructions sooner.\n\nI have replied as follows: -\n\n**No 50. August 22**\n\nYour telegram No.50.\n\n1. The Viceroy I consider can give assurance regarding general railway construction, and must persuade Canton Viceroy to give assurance regarding Kwangtung.\n \n2. The other power he alludes to is evidently France. I do not think it wise for him to give that power any promise regarding Hupei section of Szechuan line.\n\n## Metadata\nPage numbering is not present in the provided text. If it was available, it would be preserved as metadata.",
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    {
        "id": 434339,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 340,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# May 2\n\n2 \n\nbelieves that in the present unsettled condition of western Yünnan, the Chinese will be unable to send troops from Tengyueh across the frontier, and this view finds some support from the recent report (in my telegram dated the 10th October, 1910) that it had been found necessary to send troops from Tengyueh and Talifu to oppose Szechuan army deserters, who were invading Yünnan from the north. Although the Lieutenant-Governor is disposed to think it probable that Mr. Rose's anticipation of a peaceful issue to Mr. Hertz's expedition will be realised, his honour cannot disregard the possibility of the other alternative. Mr. Rose has recently reported the preparation by the Chinese at Tengyueh of a large-scale map including the unadministered territory in question. The object of this map may be merely in connection with the ordinary administration of the tract by Chinese officials, which is known to be imminent, and which Mr. Hertz's expedition is intended to forestall. But on the other hand, the preparation of a map is consistent with an intention to move troops, and it is not more difficult for troops to enter the unadministered territory from Tengyueh than from Myitkyina. It must be noted that Mr. Rose's memorandum indicated several possible routes from Tengyueh into that territory, any one of which might bring a Chinese force directly on to the flank of Mr. Hertz's march. Having regard to this possibility, the Lieutenant-Governor thinks that it is no longer wise to adhere to the original arrangement by which Mr. Hertz's escort, exclusive of the rationing base, was to be split up into two small parties; and his honour is not satisfied that the total strength originally proposed would be sufficient to ensure a peaceful or even a successful issue. Small isolated parties might invite opposition or attack, whereas by a substantial show of force we should be more likely to avoid all risk of hostilities. The sanctioned arrangements, moreover, include no provision for the dispatch of a relieving force, in case Mr. Hertz's escort found itself in a difficult position. No effective relief could be afforded by the military police even if sufficient men could be furnished, because magazine rifles and ammunition have not been provided except for the escort itself. If Mr. Hertz were forced to retire or if a portion of his escort were cut off, there would be the most serious loss of prestige; and on the other hand, if the expedition does not proceed this year, the almost certain loss of the entire territory and the establishment of the Chinese on the upper reaches of the Irrawaddy must be accepted. In these circumstances, the Lieutenant-Governor is strongly of opinion that the expedition ought to proceed; but his honour recommends that the original arrangements should be modified so as to make a greater show of force, (1) by rendering Mr. Hertz's escort stronger and more compact, and (2) by stationing a force of regular troops in readiness in the neighbourhood of Myitkyina, in case it should become necessary to extricate or support Mr. Hertz's party.\n\n4. As already reported by telegram, the Lieutenant-Governor now recommends that the proposed expedition of a civil officer to the Shan State of Hkamti should be postponed for one year, his escort of 125 rifles being added to the escort originally proposed for Mr. Hertz. Mr. Hertz's escort will then consist of eleven British officers (including a medical officer) and 607 native ranks (including thirty-two signallers). A rationing base of 100 rifles will be established at Makawng, leaving a force of 475 rifles to accompany Mr. Hertz as his escort. A compact force of this strength is less likely to be attacked or to meet with resistance, but as an additional precaution the Lieutenant-Governor recommends that one native infantry battalion shall be stationed temporarily in the Myitkyina district, one-half of the battalion being kept at Myitkyina as a garrison, and the other half provided with transport and moved out to Seniku in readiness to follow Mr. Hertz into the unadministered territory and relieve him if required. The Lieutenant-Governor has already requested the Major-General commanding the Burmah division to be so good as to obtain sanction to the dispatch of a wing of a native regiment to garrison Myitkyina during the absence of the military police; his honour's present proposal is that a whole battalion should be sent, one-half being mobilized and pushed forward to Seniku. This movement of regular troops into the Myitkyina district will doubtless impress the Chinese and render them less disposed to interfere. The Lieutenant-Governor has discussed the matter with the Inspector-General of Police and the Major-General commanding the division. His honour's present proposals have been framed not only with a view to ensure the safety of Mr. Hertz's party, but also to avoid hostilities by removing from the Chinese all temptation to attack. As the proposals are more likely to lead to a peaceful solution, his honour hopes that they may be approved. They will entail some alteration of the instructions which formed Enclosure 2 of my letter of the 10th May, 1910, and I am accordingly to submit a revised set of instructions for the approval of the Government of India. There is one other suggestion which has not yet been mentioned, and which was made to the Lieutenant-Governor by the Major-General commanding the division, namely that the military authorities should furnish a Maxim gun section of ten men, under a junior British officer, to accompany Mr. Hertz's escort. This arrangement seems to the Lieutenant-Governor to be highly desirable as an additional measure of precaution, and I am to recommend that the Government of India may be pleased to issue the necessary orders for its adoption.\n\n5. I am now to describe the arrangements proposed for the establishment of a military police post in the unadministered tract, so as to ensure the permanency of our occupation. The country is at present almost unknown, and the location of the post cannot therefore be definitely settled until after actual inspection. But it is probable that the post will be established at or near Atawgaw, and it will also be necessary to establish a small connecting post at Makawng. The Lieutenant-Governor proposes that Mr. Hertz should leave a civil officer, two British officers of military police, and 175 rifles to garrison the post at Atawgaw, and 50 rifles under a native officer to occupy the post at Makawng. If the Chinese do not interfere with Mr. Hertz's operations, these posts can be withdrawn at the commencement of the rains and sent out again in the following open season. Otherwise, it will probably be necessary to leave them out throughout the rains. In order to ensure a sufficient supply of ammunition, the Lieutenant-Governor has already asked for 500 rounds for each of the magazine rifles lent to the military police, in addition to the 400 rounds of ball ammunition already supplied, and his honour hopes that this request will be granted. The estimated cost of establishing posts at Htawgaw and Makawng, and the total estimated cost of Mr. Hertz's expedition are now being calculated, and will form the subject of a separate report.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n## Enclosure 2 in No. 1\n\n**W. F. RICE, Chief Secretary**\n\n### Instructions concerning the Tour to be made for the purpose of bringing under Administration the Unadministered Country East of the 'Nmaikha\n\nMR. HERTZ, Deputy Commissioner, Myitkyina, with Mr. Scott, Assistant Superintendent, as his assistant, will proceed with an escort of military police to visit the unadministered country east of the 'Nmaikha, including Pienma and villages within easy march of that village. Mr. Hertz will be in exclusive civil and political charge, and will decide all administrative questions on his own responsibility, subject to such references to the Commissioner as he may consider necessary.\n\n2. The object of the tour is to bring under direct administration the country between the 'Nmaikha and the watershed between that river and the Shweli and Salween as far as latitude 26° 15' or thereabouts, including the villages on both sides of and in the valley of the Ngaw Kha and its junction with the 'Nmaikha, to nullify the recent attempts by the chief of Teng Keng to establish his authority over villages in British territory, and to effect the removal from the tract in question of all traces of occupation on behalf of China.\n\nTo effect this, Mr. Hertz will visit as many villages as possible, issue appointment orders to headmen, settle any disputes which may be brought before him between villages in the aforementioned tract, levy a nominal tribute, the amount of which will be left to his discretion, but should not exceed 1 rupee per household, destroy any boundary pillars which may have been erected by the Chinese within that area, and generally collect all available information, and explain to the villagers that they will henceforth be under British rule, and that they are entitled to British protection and will pay tribute.\n\n3. The force will be furnished by the military police and will consist of—\n\n| Category | Strength |\n| --- | --- |\n| Escort | 475 rifles and 20 signallers |\n| Ration base | 100 rifles and 12 signallers |\n\nIt will start from Myitkyina as early as possible in November or December 1910.\n\n4. Major ffrench-Mullen will be in command of the escort; Captain Moule will be second in command; Captain Gilchrist will be in command of the rationing base, with Lieutenant Pickthall attached to it as assistant commandant. They also will be ...\n\nPage 338",
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    {
        "id": 434340,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 341,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## 4\n\nunder Major ffrench-Mullen. Captain Moule will be second in command of the entire force, and in the event of any casualty to Major ffrench-Mullen, will take command. In the event of any casualty incapacitating Mr. Hertz from carrying on the duties of civil officer, the military officer in command of the escort will carry on these duties until relieved.\n\n## 5\n\nFor the actual conduct of the military operations, Major ffrench-Mullen alone will be responsible.\n\n## 6\n\nThe escort will proceed from Myitkyina to Seniku, and from Seniku to Makawng, and will leave there the party to guard the rationing base. Thence it will proceed via Htawgaw to Hpare and thence to Pienma, halting at these places. Mr. Hertz will visit the villages in the vicinity as far as the watershed on the east, and as far as appears advisable on the north, in order to carry out the objects of the tour detailed in paragraph 2. He will then return to Htawgaw and thence proceed to Mangpyaw and Hpala, halting at these and other convenient centres. If it is found at Hpala that the Chinese have actually erected a boundary post there, it will be destroyed, and steps will be taken to dispel the impression produced by the visit of the Chinese. From Mangpyaw Mr. Hertz will visit the villages on both sides of the Ngawchawng Kha up to the vicinity of its junction with the 'Nmaikba, and will finally proceed to Chiglai. The escort will then return to the ration base at Makawng and thence by leisurely marches to Myitkyina, halting at Chiglai and Matao, for the purpose of visiting the villages on the Chipwi Kha and in the Tammu valley.\n\n## 7\n\nThe tour is estimated to take 126 days, and a provisional itinerary is annexed. Mr. Hertz has full discretion to depart from this if he considers it advisable, but should arrange to arrive back at Myitkyina before end of April 1911.\n\n## 8\n\nThe objects of the tour are, as stated in instruction 2, to bring the tract under administration, to make the people understand that they are now under British rule, and to eject therefrom all persons assuming authority derived from any claim that the tract is Chinese territory. The utmost care must be taken to avoid hostilities with the local inhabitants, who, it is believed, will welcome the visit and desire that British authority be established. In the action to be taken against persons claiming to occupy the tract on behalf of the Chinese Government, Mr. Hertz will be guided by circumstances. It is essential that, if possible, these persons should be induced to retire. Mr. Hertz should endeavour to effect this in the first instance peaceably, but if they refuse to go he must eject them from British territory by show of force, or, if necessary, by employing force, unless they are in occupation in such strength that the attempt is likely to end in disaster. If the persons in occupation on behalf of China are merely local levies, there will probably be no difficulty. If a small detachment of Chinese regulars is present, it will probably retire when requested to do so. In the event of the Chinese forces being too strong to make it safe, in the opinion of the military officer commanding the escort, to attempt to enforce the orders even with the help of the supporting column, Mr. Hertz should report to the commissioner after taking such precautions for the safety of the party as the military officer in command of the escort may advise. It is unlikely that the escort will be attacked by a superior force, but as a measure of precaution a wing of a native regiment will be stationed in Seniku, in readiness to enter the tract and render such assistance as may be necessary.\n\n## 9\n\nIt is possible that objections to pay tribute will arise. In that case the civil officer should deduct the amount from payments due on account of coolie hire, supplies, &c., explaining his action clearly to the people; if necessary, he may take tribute in the form of cattle, to be valued by a committee of the local tribesmen subject to the approval of the civil officer. The objects of the tour this year are such that it is improbable that any other demand will be made which will not be complied with, but in the event of a refusal to furnish supplies or labour which the civil officer considers contumacious, he may take the former and impress the latter on payment of fair rates.\n\n## 10\n\nIn the event of any attack on the escort or supporting party by the local inhabitants of the tract, besides such military measures as may be necessary, the capture or destruction of cattle and the destruction of crops and stores are among the means approved as punishments. In such a case all fire-arms should be confiscated and destroyed. If necessary, the houses of the chiefs and of two or three of the principal men may be destroyed. But the destruction of a village should not be allowed except on specific grounds of military exigency.\n\n## 11\n\nIn order to ensure the permanency of British occupation, it is necessary to establish a military police post in the tract in question. Mr. Hertz will select a suitable position, probably at Htawgaw, and will there leave Mr. Scott as civil officer, and a post of 175 rifles with the necessary signallers. Captain ... will remain as commandant of this post, with ... as his assistant commandant.\n\nA small connecting post, consisting of 50 rifles under a native officer, will be similarly established at Makawng. The question whether these two posts must remain out during the rains, or can be withdrawn at the commencement of the rains and put out in the following open season, will await Mr. Hertz's report as to the attitude of the tribesmen and the Chinese in connection with his operations.\n\n## 12\n\nMr. Hertz will keep the commissioner informed of his movements, and actions by weekly diaries, and, if feasible and necessary, by special messengers and helio communication combined with the telegraph. Major ffrench-Mullen will submit weekly diaries to the inspector-general of police, and will, if necessary, communicate with him by telegram on any matter of purely military concern.\n\n## 13\n\nThe total number of days during which the party is estimated to be out is 126, but as information about the geography of the country and the routes is imperfect, it is probable that the escort will have to diverge from the route laid down, and that delays will occur.\n\n**(Confidential.)**\n\n## Enclosure 3 in No. 1\n\n**Government of Burmah to Government of India**\n\nMaymyo, October 17, 1910.\n\nWITH reference to my official letter dated the 17th October, 1910, relating to Mr. Hertz's proposed expedition into the unadministered area on the north-east of the Myitkyina district, I am desired to send you copies of the demi-official letters which have been received from Mr. Rose at Tengyueh.\n\n## 2\n\nMr. Rose reports the preparation at Tengyueh of a large-scale map showing the country to the north-west of Tengyueh, including the unadministered territory. He also reports that our intention to send an expedition into that territory is known to the Chinese at Tengyueh. Mr. Rose thinks that the tantai is likely to make an official tour into the unadministered tract, but that troops will probably not be sent except such as are required for the taotai's personal escort. In a private letter to Mr. Hertz, Mr. Rose recently wrote that-\n\n\"If we intend to sit down, the Chinese do not, and I hear that the taotai is having a sheaf of maps printed showing the frontier as the 'Nmaikha. Things here are not at all bright; the taotai is more obstructive than his predecessor, probably because he is more clever. I am convinced that the open season will mean great activity from this direction, but I do not anticipate active opposition to us if we send up an expedition. Indeed, it is almost certain that we should not meet it. You will probably meet the taotai, however, and would have to get rid of him by fair means or foul.\"\n\nThe lieutenant-governor hopes that Mr. Rose's anticipation will be realised, and he thinks that, if we make a substantial show of force, the Chinese are not likely to interfere with us. But, in view of Captain Pritchard's recent report, his honour hopes that the latest proposals for strengthening Mr. Hertz's escort will meet with approval.\n\n## 3\n\nThe boundary pillar mentioned in Mr. Rose's letter of the 1st October formed the subject of my official letter dated the 14th June, 1910.\n\n## Enclosure 4 in No. 1\n\n**Acting Consul Rose to Government of Burmah**\n\nTengyueh, September 15, 1910.\n\nONE of my men wandered into the local printing office yesterday and found them printing a hundred copies of a very large-scale map, about 5 feet square, showing the country to the north-west of the Tengyueh district and the unadministered territory. They tell me that the 'Nmaikha River was shown as the frontier, and that all Lung-pang group of villages and the Maru country to the north was on the Chinese side. The map was sent to the office by the taotai. I cannot vouch for the accuracy of the statements, as the Chinese are rather muddle-headed about maps, but my man ... \n\nPage 339",
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    {
        "id": 434344,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 345,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# CO \n## AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n### CONFIDENTIAL\n\nNo. 1.\n\nJanuary 5.\n\nIndia Office to Foreign Office.—(Received January 5.)\n\n**THE Under-Secretary of State for India** presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, by direction of the **Earl of Crewe**, forwards herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State, copy of a telegram from the **Viceroy**, dated the 4th January, relative to Pien-ma.\n\nIndia Office, January 4, 1911.\n\n### Enclosure in No. 1.\n\n**(Telegraphic.) P.**\n\nGovernment of India to the Earl of Crewe.\n\nJanuary 4, 1911,\n\nSEE my telegram dated the 8th ultimo as to the expedition to Pien-ma. On the 25th ultimo, the expedition under Mr. Hertz reached Htawgaw, where, in order to connect ration base, seventy-five rifles were left under a British officer. The expedition left for Pien-ma on the 27th ultimo. Successful bridging of Ngawchang Kha and Hpara My Kha rivers was reported on the 29th ultimo. Throughout the march, the attitude of local people was friendly. Along the Ngawchang, the headmen have almost all come in, bringing with them hats and orders of appointment issued by the Chinese. Receipt of late news from Tali and Tengyueh is reported by Mr. Rose, who is at present in Bhamo, to the effect that no movements of troops have been made in the direction of the frontier.\n\n(Repeated to Peking.)\n\nPage 343 \nPage 485 \n21 FEB 1 \n5712",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
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    {
        "id": 434439,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 440,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "**AFFAIRS OF CHINA**\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n[4458]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n438\n\n[February 6.] 14 MAR\n\n## SECTION 4\n\nIndia Office to Foreign Office.--(Received February 6.)\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for India presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, by direction of the Earl of Crewe, forwards herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State, copy of telegrams from Viceroy, dated the 2nd and 5th February, 1911, relative to Pien-ma.\n\nIndia Office, February 6, 1911.\n\n### Enclosure 1 in No. 1\n\nGovernment of India to the Earl of Crewe.\n\nFebruary 2, 1911.\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nPIEN-MA expedition. See my telegram dated the 27th ultimo. Report from Hertz stated that a Chinese schoolmaster and several Chinese traders were found by him at Pien-ma on his arrival there. The former was an official whom the Pao-shan magistrate appointed some eight or nine months ago. Instructions to close his school and return to China were given by Hertz to the schoolmaster, who left for Teng Keng the next day. With a view to administering the northern tracts Hertz has since advanced to Kangfang, north of Pien-ma. Latest report received from him was dated from village of Gawlam, between Kangfang and Pien-ma, on the 21st ultimo. Hertz's informers, he states, report arrival of a Chinese Ying at Yin-pan-Kai, which lies to the south-east of Hpare, and of another Ying at Teng Keng. It is probable, Hertz considers, that Yings have been sent to watch the frontier. Warning is being conveyed to Hertz that he has been represented by Chinese Government as being now in Chinese territory, and that responsibility for any collision that may occur has been disclaimed by them.\n\n(Repeated to Peking.)\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\n### Enclosure 2 in No. 1\n\nGovernment of India to the Earl of Crewe,\n\nFebruary 5, 1911.\n\nHPI-MAW expedition. See our telegram of the 2nd instant. Hertz reported all well at Kangfang, which he visited on the 22nd ultimo. On the 26th ultimo he was at Htamshing on his way to Htawgaw and Hpare.\n\n(Repeated to Peking.)\n\n[1909 f~4]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 434442,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 443,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n\n### CONFIDENTIAL\n\n[5383]  \nNo. 1.  \n441  \n8193  \n[February 13.]  \nSECTION 3.  \n14 MAR T\n\n### India Office to Foreign Office.--(Received February 13.)\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for India presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, by direction of the Earl of Crewe, forwards herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State, copy of a telegram from Viceroy dated the 11th February, relative to Hpimaw.\n\nIndia Office, February 13, 1911.\n\n### Enclosure in No. 1.\n\n#### Government of India to the Earl of Crewe.\n\nFebruary 11, 1911.  \n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nBURMAH Government telegraph as follows:—— \"Heliographic message from Hertz sent about the 8th instant from Hpare states that Hpimaw is reported to have been occupied by 300 Chinese troops. Although it is a matter of conjecture, it is rendered probable by latest information about Chinese troops, as given in my telegram dated the 5th instant, that the 500 modern troops who were diverted at Yungchang have reached Hpimaw, and possibly that there may also be at that place the second 500 troops who were stated to have left Tali on the 1st instant for Tengyueh. Telegraphic instructions have been sent to Hertz by Burmah Government to return to Htawgaw and wait until half battalion 89th Punjabis arrive there. Latter should reach Htawgaw in about four days; they are now advancing from Nangu. On arrival at Htawgaw of half battalion there will be about 400 Native infantry, with two Maxims, as well as 450 military police, at Hertz's disposal. Pending further orders Hertz will halt at Htawgaw, and in the meantime will get all the information he can about position at Hpimaw. The question for consideration is whether, if commanding officer thinks it practicable on information available, combined column should return to Hpimaw and expel Chinese, if necessary by force. Regular troops will be employed on both sides, so that the situation is serious. As stated in your telegram dated the 2nd instant, Sir J. Jordan has informed Chinese Government that we are administering the Hpimaw tract. View of Lieutenant-Governor is that, if it is considered practicable by commanding officer, column should return to Hpimaw and expel Chinese, if necessary by force. Orders to advance to Nangu have been given to a double company of the half battalion at Myitkyina.\"\n\nWe have replied to Burmah Government's telegram as follows:-----\n\n\"Hertz should be instructed to remain until further orders at Htawgaw. Until instructions are received from Government of India no advance to Hpimaw is to be made.\"\n\nIt appears undesirable that a conflict with the Chinese should be provoked except with an overwhelming force by which issue would be placed beyond a doubt. No such force is available, and some doubt as to how many troops there are at Hpimaw appears to exist.\n\nIn these circumstances I think that Hertz should now remain on the defensive. It appears to have been a wise precaution to move a double company from Myitkyina to Nangu.\n\n(Repeated to His Majesty's Minister, Peking.)\n\n[1909 -3  \n-3]\n\nToutefois, considérant que les droits perçus à l'entrée des murs de la ville ont pu être, en effet, tolérés, pour diverses raisons, depuis un certain temps, les représentants des Puissances ne se refuseraient pas à envisager la possibilité d'admettre sur ce point un arrangement avec le Gouvernement Impérial.\n\nCet arrangement serait établi sur les bases suivantes :--\n\n1. La perception d'une taxe d'octroi sur les marchandises de provenance étrangère serait strictement limitée à la ville de Pékin, c'est-à-dire à l'étendue habitée entourée par les murailles.\n2. La taxe ne devrait pas dépasser le taux actuel de 3 pour cent ad valorem et devrait être calculée sur l'évaluation faite par les agents des Douanes maritimes, telle qu'elle serait portée sur les passes de transit et suivant le cours du Haïkouan tael. Le calcul serait établi de telle façon que la taxe ne puisse jamais dépasser les trois cinquièmes des droits d'entrée actuellement payées par les marchandises étrangères aux Douanes maritimes. La perception de la taxe ne pourrait avoir lieu qu'aux portes même de la ville.\n3. La taxe ne serait applicable qu'aux seuls commerçants.\n4. Les agents de l'Administration de l'Octroi devraient tenir pour exactes les déclarations portées sur les passes de transit. Leur rôle se bornerait à vérifier si les colis présentés sont bien ceux indiqués sur la passe de transit; ils devraient s'abstenir de toute perquisition intérieure.\n5. La concession ainsi faite par les Puissances ne pourrait en aucun cas être invoquée par le Gouvernement Impérial pour prétendre établir des taxes d'octroi ou autres quelconques aux marchandises étrangères sur aucun point de l'Empire.\n\nEn priant votre Altesse Impériale de me faire venir bientôt la réponse du Gouvernement Impérial, je saisis, &c.\n\nKUCZYNSKI.\n\n**[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government]**",
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    {
        "id": 434447,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 448,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "**AFFAIRS OF CHINA**\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n[February 17]\n\n## SECTION 2\n\n[5845]\n\n### No. 1\n\nIndia Office to Foreign Office.-(Received February 17)\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for India presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, by direction of the Earl of Crewe, forwards herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State, copy of a telegram from the Viceroy, dated the 15th February, relative to Pienma.\n\nIndia Office, February 16, 1911\n\n#### Enclosure in No. 1\n\nGovernment of India to the Earl of Crewe\n\nFebruary 17, 1911\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nSEE your telegram of the 14th instant as to Burmah frontier. Proposed communication to Chinese Government has our entire approval. Whole country is not worth the expense and danger which a serious conflict would involve. We could well agree to our troops being withdrawn to Wanghte from Htawgaw, provided Chinese troops are withdrawn from Hpimaw. Adherence to watershed frontier when question of delimitation is under discussion is not an absolute necessity, provided that another frontier line, which population on both sides easily recognise and which will not present an opening for future discussion, is adopted.\n\n(Repeated to His Majesty's Minister, Peking)",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
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        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 434489,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 490,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "**AFFAIRS OF CHINA**\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n[6418]\n6654\n[February 21]\n\n## SECTION 2\n\n### No. 1\n\nIndia Office to Foreign Office,—Received February 21.\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for India presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, by direction of the Earl of Crewe, forwards herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State, copy of a telegram from the Viceroy, dated the 10th February, 1911, and the reply, dated the 14th February, relative to the Burmah-China frontier.\n\nIndia Office, February 20, 1911.\n\n#### Enclosure 1 in No. 1\n\nGovernment of India to Earl of Crewe.\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nFebruary 10, 1911.\n\nBURMAH-CHINA frontier. Please refer to your telegrams dated the 31st ultimo and the 8th instant. Makawng has been reported by Hertz to be unsuitable as a post. I have accordingly authorised establishment of police post at Wanghte, subject to assurance that post can be maintained in rainy season. Wanghte is 40 miles by road from Seniku, and is situated on the river a few miles east of Nangu and 12 miles north of Makawng. Hertz reports, with regard to the administration of the country east of Win Maw range, that the villages on the River Ngawchang are friendly and that no trouble will be given by them, but that they are afraid of the Chinese. Supervision will be required over the Kang fang and Pien-ma groups of villages, as the Teng feng chief has in the past exercised some authority in a spasmodic way over these villages. Kang fang and Pien-ma should, in Hertz's opinion, be frequently visited by civil officer, and he proposes that for this purpose a mule track should be constructed from Wanghte across the Win Maw range to Htawgaw on the River Ngawchang, and that thirty mounted infantry, with mules, should be provided at the Wanghte post. A ferry and two permanent bridges would be necessary, as it would be required to keep this track open throughout the year. I have called for an estimate of cost of administering the whole area, which the Burmah Government are prepared to attempt from Wanghte post. I have agreed that Hertz, with the means already at his disposal, should at once improve the track between Pien-ma and Htawgaw.\n\n(Repeated to His Majesty's Minister at Peking.)\n\n#### Enclosure 2 in No. 1\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nEarl of Crewe to Government of India.\n\nIndia Office, February 14, 1911.\n\nI APPROVE your action as reported in your telegram, dated the 10th February, regarding Burmah-China frontier. Your views as to administering whole area and estimates of cost are awaited.\n\n[1909 -2]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 434673,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 87,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n[6077]\n\n### No. 1\n\n[February 18, 1911]\n\n## SECTION\n\nIndia Office to Foreign Office.-(Received February 18.)\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for India presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, by direction of the Earl of Crewe, forwards herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State, copy of a telegram to Viceroy, dated the 16th February, and of a telegram from Viceroy, dated the 17th February, relative to Hpimaw.\n\nIndia Office, February 18, 1911.\n\n### Enclosure 1 in No. 1\n\nThe Earl of Crewe to Government of India.\n\n(Telegraphic,) P.\n\nIndia Office, February 16, 1911.\n\nEXPEDITION to Hpimaw (see your telegram of yesterday's date). Telegraphic instructions are being sent to-day to His Majesty's Minister, Peking, to the following effect:-\n\n\"See your telegram of to-day's date. You may inform the Wai-wu Pu of our readiness to open negotiations with a view to basis of joint delimitation being settled. It is conceivable, in view of surprising uncertainty of movements of Chinese troops, that Hpimaw might be reoccupied by same Chinese force either simultaneously with, or prior to, Hertz's arrival there. The latter's return to Hpimaw is therefore undesirable, but instructions not to move further from his present position, which is fairly in reach of Hpimaw, will be given to him.\"\n\nHertz should be given instructions to the above effect.\n\nReference is invited to telegram of the 14th instant from His Majesty's Minister at Peking. I should be glad if any suggestions you may have to offer as to reply to Chinese Government could be communicated by telegraph. Please say whether you have sufficient information on which proposals could be based for territorial compensation further north, by which conditions postulated in your telegram of the 15th instant as to a compromise in Hpimaw region would be fulfilled, namely, being easily recognisable by population on both sides, and not presenting opening for future discussion. We might also try compromise on section between Namting River and Nalaut (see despatch of the 6th December, 1907, from my predecessor).\n\n### Enclosure 2 in No. 1\n\nGovernment of India to the Earl of Crewe.\n\nFebruary 17, 1911.\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nHPIMAW expedition (see my telegram dated the 10th instant). Telegram from Burmah Government states that lieutenant-governor finds it impossible at present to make any accurate estimate of cost of track from Seniku to Wanghte and Htawgaw, as detailed road survey has not yet been made. Cost, however, will not, it is conjectured, be less than 3,30,000 rupees, including ferry and bridges. Only rough mule track, which Burmah company of sappers, with the assistance of imported labour, can construct before the rains, is required for immediate... \n\nPage 86\n[1909 --3]",
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    },
    {
        "id": 434674,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 88,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n87 \n13346 \n[February 20, 1915] \nSECTION 6. \n[6360] \n\n(No. 54.) \n## No. 1. \n### Sir G. Barclay to Sir Edward Grey.--(Received February 20.) \n**(Telegraphic.) P.** \n### RUSSO-CHINESE RELATIONS\n\nMay be repeated to Peking.\n\nTehran, February 20, 1911. \n\nHis Majesty's consul-general at Meshed has telegraphed as follows to Government of India, 18th February: \n\"Important movement of troops towards Chinese frontier from Orenburg, Tashkend, and Semirechia is reported by British agent, Tashkend.\"\n\nnecessities. As regards strength of proposed post at Waughte, Mr. Hertz is being consulted; it is not likely, as regards cost of establishing and maintaining the post, that the figures for post at Htawgaw, viz., 20,000 rupees initial and 4,393 rupees a month recurring, will be exceeded. We will report further as to cost of post and road as soon as more reliable figures are obtained. It is stated by Lieutenant-Governor that Wanghte post can be maintained in rainy season as soon as rough track has been completed between Wanghte and Seniku.\n\n(Repeated to Peking.)\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government] \n\nPage 2 \n~6]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 434677,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 91,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n90\n\n#AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n\n[February 27]\n\n##SECTION 5\n\n[7322]\n\nSir,\n\nNo. 1.\n\n**India Office to Foreign Office**.—(Received February 27.)\n\nIndia Office, February 25, 1911. In continuation of my letter of the 23rd February, I am directed by the Secretary of State for India to enclose copy of a further telegram from the Viceroy on the subject of the undemarcated section of the Burmah-China frontier north of latitude 25° 35' north.\n\nThe Earl of Crewe concurs in the views expressed by the Viceroy.\n\nI am, &c.\n\nR. RITCHIE.\n\n##Enclosure in No. 1\n\n**Government of India to the Earl of Crewe.**\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nFebruary 23, 1911. BURMAH Government telegraphed, 21st instant, as follows in regard to Hpimaw expedition:-- \n\"Arrival at his camp of Hpimaw headman is reported by Hertz. Headman stated that there were no Chinese at Hpimaw, and that servants of the Chief of Teng Keng were the only Chinese who had been there; elders of Hpimaw were called in to Teng Keng by these servants, and were made to sign a petition expressing preference for rule of China over that of Great Britain. Return of Hertz to Hpimaw can in these circumstances be open to no objection. Orders as to making over entire control to senior military officer do not, it is presumed, immediately apply in event of Hertz being directed to return to Hpimaw. It is contemplated by lieutenant-governor that Hertz should leave military supports at Htawgaw and return to Hpimaw with his escort of military police. If directions were given to combined forces to occupy Hpimaw for an indefinite period, lieutenant-governor anticipates that insuperable difficulties in regard to transport and rations would arise.\"\n\nIt is still my opinion that, pending negotiations, Hertz should remain at Htawgaw. While there is a possibility of our having as a result of the negotiations to leave Hpimaw, it would be unwise to undertake further steps in regard to administering the place.\n\n(Repeated to Peking.)\n\n`[1909 dd-5]`",
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    },
    {
        "id": 434734,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 148,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n### CONFIDENTIAL\n\n[8049]  \nNo. 1  \n[March 6,]  \nSECTION 3  \n\nSir E. Goschen to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received March 6.)  \n(No. 50.) Sir,  \nBerlin, March 1, 1911.  \nWITH reference to my telegram No. 7 of yesterday's date, I have the honour to transmit herewith translation of a memorandum drawn up by the Imperial Foreign Office expressing the agreement of the Imperial Government in the points set forth in the memorandum of the State Department respecting the treatment of the question of the Chinese loan by Great Britain, France, Germany, and the United States of America.  \n\nI have, &c.  \n**W. E. GOSCHEN**  \n\n### Enclosure in No. 1\n(Telegraphic.) P.  \n\n### Enclosure 2 in No. 1\nGovernment of India to the Earl of Crewe.  \nFebruary 22, 1911.  \nMY telegram, dated the 19th instant, as to Hpimaw expedition. Compromise on Namting-Nalawt section might, Burmah Government consider, be offered on the terms proposed in Viceroy's telegram of the 22nd March, 1907, to Secretary of State, provided all claim to territory on northern frontier west of watershed is waived by China. Lieutenant-governor would, however, much prefer that northern boundary should not be rectified, and that, provided acceptance of watershed as general boundary is agreed to by China, any tract on British side of watershed over which effective control is proved to have been exercised by Chinese, should be leased by us from them. Lieutenant-governor's views and those advanced in my telegram of the 19th instant are practically identical. In event of compromise being necessary on Namting-Nalawt section, negotiating officer might be left to decide details, which might be either line suggested in letter of the 18th October, 1907, from India Office to Foreign Office, or terms proposed in above-quoted telegram from Government of India.  \n\n(Repeated to Peking.)\n\n### Memorandum communicated to Sir E. Goschen by German Foreign Office.\n**(Translation)**  \nTHE communication of the United States Government mentioned in the British Embassy's aide-memoire of the 13th instant, on the subject of the Chinese loan, has now also reached the Imperial Government through the German Embassy in Washington.  \n\nThe Imperial Government can only express themselves in agreement with the points of view set forth in the memorandum of the State Department for a common treatment of this question by Great Britain, France, the United States of America, and Germany. They have in particular no objection to a statement being made to the Chinese Government by the four Powers interested, in accordance with the American proposal, that they will not support the raising of loans for China either directly or indirectly so long as China has not guaranteed an adequate control of the expenditure.  \n\nThe Imperial Government therefore also agree to the suggestion to appoint, now while the present loan negotiations are impending, four auditors from among the nationals of the States interested, to supervise the spending of the money. They also would recommend that these auditors should be appointed not only for one part, but for the whole amount of the loan. The Chinese Government has also agreed to a corresponding arrangement in the Tientsin-Pukow Railway Convention, which answers very well in practice.  \n\nThe Imperial German Embassy in Washington has been instructed to reply to the memorandum of the United States Government in the above sense.  \n\nBerlin, February 27, 1911.  \n[1918 -3]  \n\n## Previous Document\n146  \nCO  \n14358  \n2  \n\nI have no objection to acceptance of Scott's line east of Wa country, lieutenant-governor does not think that repetition of offer of that line, or reopening question of position of boundary pillars, would assist negotiations. All that is contained in the draft convention attached to the report by Mr. Litton is a description of the watershed, together with an agreement by which compensation for extinction of Chinese claims to `If an` dues from villages on the Burmah side was to be paid by British Government. Amicable settlement would be effected thereby, lieutenant-governor would, in view of information furnished by Hertz, admit claim of Chinese to the Kang-fang and Hpimaw groups of villages. Chinese claims to Htawgaw or other villages in disputed area are not, his honour believes, likely to be pressed. Negotiations should, the lieutenant-governor urges, be on the basis of regarding watershed as general boundary, and empowering a joint commission to rectify it by the inclusion of frontier tract adjacent to watershed, over which effective control is shown to have been exercised by the Chinese in the past, on the Chinese side of the frontier. Any line of modifications in boundary west of watershed is deprecated by lieutenant-governor, as position taken by us all along would thereby be surrendered and trouble would be caused in the future. There would be no objection, in his honour's opinion, to any territory over which Chinese are shown to have exercised effective control, being leased from Chinese. I would concur generally in views of lieutenant-governor, if Chinese Government are willing to accept watershed as the basis of negotiation. Question of further compensation does not arise if settlement can be effected by recognition of claim of Chinese to Kang-fang and Hpimaw villages. But if offer of compensation is necessary hereafter, compensation on section between Namting River and Nalawt is, in my opinion, open to no prima facie objection. But Burmah Government is being consulted on this point.  \n\n(Repeated to Peking.)  \n[B]  \nPage 146  \nPage ...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
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        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 230,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n227 \n14858 \n\n### SECTION 1.\n\n(No. 66.) \n(Telegraphic.) R. \nNo. 1. \n\n**Sir Edward Grey to Sir J. Jordan** \nForeign Office, April 4, 1911. \n\nYOUR telegram No. 73 of 13th March: Pienma. We are satisfied that the Chinese claims to all villages to the west of the Irawaddy-Salween watershed other than Pienma, Kangfang, and Gawlam groups are wholly inadmissible, and you should inform the Chinese Government, in reply to their note of the 11th ultimo, that there can be no question of His Majesty's Government accepting the Kaoliang-Kung range, viz., the range forming the watershed between the Chipwi and Hpare Rivers, which amounts to a renewal of the line proposed by Taotai Shih in 1905.\n\nAs regards the proposal to appoint a joint delimitation commission, the experience of 1905 shows that unless at least the basis is settled between the two Governments beforehand no practical result is likely to be obtained by subordinate officers on the spot, and we could only agree if a clear understanding as to what this basis should be is first reached.\n\nAs regards the line to be adopted as the basis, you should state that the officer deputed by His Majesty's Government to visit and administer the country up to the watershed has confirmed the view consistently urged in the communications which have passed with the Wai-wu Pu that this line not only affords the most suitable frontier on geographical and administrative grounds, but is in fact, the only line offering any hope of a final settlement, and that, in the circumstances, His Majesty's Government must continue to press for its acceptance as the general basis of the frontier, subject to the understanding that any claims which China may be able to substantiate west of the said line will be dealt with in an equitable spirit.\n\nYou should at the same time renew formally the offer made in `1906` to compensate China by a money payment for the extinction of the personal claims of the Tengkeug chief west of the watershed. You may, however, in the event of China again declining to accept an arrangement on these lines, admit her claims to the groups of villages mentioned in the first paragraph of this telegram, on the understanding that China is prepared to lease the territory in question to His Majesty's Government.\n\nIt is to be hoped that if the above terms are put to the Chinese Government with sufficient firmness we shall not have to consider the question of offering an alternative line, but in any case you should not offer the one indicated in the Viceroy's telegram of 26th March without first referring home for instructions.\n\nAs regards the proposed withdrawal of our troops on climatic grounds from Htawgaw, you should make it quite clear that the retirement is not necessarily permanent, and that His Majesty's Government reserve to themselves entire freedom to move their officers into or out of the country at their discretion.\n\nAs this instruction offers basis for negotiation it seems unnecessary to refer to suggestion of arbitration, especially in view of Chinese refusal to entertain previous requests of this character from us.",
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    {
        "id": 434859,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 273,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## 269 \n\n2 \n\nbe content on this point to defer to the views of Sir J. Jordan, whose communication to the Wai-wu Pu, as reported in his despatch No. 85, dated the 24th February, 1911, has his Lordship's entire approval. In any case, Lord Morley would suggest that, before proceeding to offer to the Chinese Government the alternative frontier indicated in the Viceroy's telegram of the 26th March, Sir J. Jordan should refer the matter to His Majesty's Government for further instructions.\n\nAs regards the Chinese request for the withdrawal of our troops, it will be seen from the Viceroy's telegrams of the 19th and 29th March, 1911, that it is impracticable, for climatic reasons, for Mr. Hertz's party to remain at Htawgaw later than the middle of April. In the circumstances, it seems very undesirable that the news of the retirement of the party should reach the Chinese Government in a form that can lead them to interpret it as a disposition on our part to comply with their demands, since this would inevitably make them more difficult to deal with. I am therefore to suggest that they should be informed that His Majesty's Government reserve to themselves entire freedom to move their officers into and out of the country at their discretion. The draft of a telegram which Lord Morley proposes to address to the Government of India is enclosed herewith, for Sir E. Grey's concurrence.*\n\nAs regards the suggestion of the Chinese Government that the question should, as a last resort, be referred to arbitration, Lord Morley is not in a position to offer any opinion as to the precedents quoted in the final paragraph of Sir J. Jordan's telegram of the 13th March. But he would strongly deprecate the proposal on general grounds, both as undesirable in itself and as impracticable, regard being had to the nature of the evidence on which the respective claims are based.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Telegraphic.) P. R. RITCHIE.\n\n## Enclosure 1 in No. 1\n\n**Government of India to Viscount Morley**\n\nMarch 16, 1911. Government regarding\n\nFOLLOWING telegram received from Burmah Hpimaw ---- \n\n\"We are submitting by this mail to Government of India full report by Mr. Hertz as to Chinese claims in unadministered territory and as to terms on which negotiations for frontier line might be conducted. Mr. Hertz proposes that rights of Chinese in Gawlam, Kangfang, and Hpimaw groups of villages should be purchased, or that tract of country in which these villages are situated should be leased from China. He suggests as a third alternative that watershed boundary should be so modified as to leave these villages to China. Modified line proposed by Hertz follows a high range of mountains (through which the River Ngawchang flows in a narrow defile) from the point where it diverges from the main watershed to the point where it again merges in the main watershed, north of Kangfang. If arrangements cannot be made to lease the tract, this modified line would, in Lieutenant-Governor's opinion, be a suitable boundary. Hertz's report makes it clear that, apart from above-mentioned groups of villages, Chinese have no claim to any areas west of watershed.\"\n\nOn receipt of Hertz's report we will furnish our views on Burmah Government's telegram, as well as upon telegram dated the 13th instant from His Majesty's Minister at Peking.\n\n(Telegraphic.)\n\nP.\n\n## Enclosure 2 in No. 1\n\n**Government of India to Viscount Morley**\n\nMarch 19, 1911.\n\nHPIMAW expedition: See my telegram dated the 16th instant. Telegram from Government of Burmah states that it is advisable that Hertz's party should leave Htawgaw not later than the 10th proximo, and that it is impossible for them, owing to weather conditions, to stay there after the 20th idem at the latest. Lieutenant-Governor considers that Hertz and military police should return early in April to Nangu, and that wing of 89th Punjabis, who are road-making between Chiglai and Htawgaw, should withdraw to the same place at end of present month.\n\nI propose in the circumstances to authorise carrying out of movements.\n\n## Enclosure 3 in No. 1\n\n**Viscount Morley to Government of India**\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nIndia Office, March 21, 1911. PLEASE refer to your telegram dated 19th instant as to Hpimaw expedition. I propose to await views as to boundary question, promised in your telegram dated 16th instant, before considering question of future movements of Hertz. He should remain at Htawgaw in the meantime.\n\n## Enclosure 4 in No. 1\n\n**Government of India to Viscount Morley**\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nMarch 26, 1911. PLEASE refer to my telegram dated the 16th instant. It appears from report by Mr. Hertz to hand that, apart from Hpimaw, Gawlam, and Kangfang groups, Chinese have no claim to villages west of watershed; and definite and final repudiation of contention of Chinese should, in opinion of Lieutenant-Governor of Burmah, now be made. Hertz states, with regard to Gawlam, Hpimaw, and other villages on upper waters of Ngawchang River, that Chief of Lungpang at one time exercised authority over these villages, but that villagers have for many years paid tribute to Chief of Tengkeng, since the time when they invoked the latter's assistance as result of quarrel with Lungpang. Villagers have also adopted habits and customs of Chinese to some extent. Lieutenant-Governor is disposed to accept view of Mr. Hertz that we should accept claim of Chinese to these villages. Monetary compensation for surrender of their rights in tract is not likely, his Lordship understands from Peking telegram dated the 14th ultimo, to be agreed to by Chinese Government. Advantage of a lease, he points out, would be that measures already taken towards administration of tract would not have to be rescinded, and that the main watershed could be followed as the boundary line throughout. Lieutenant-Governor suggests, however, that modified boundary suggested by Hertz, excluding villages under discussion from our side, should be accepted without hesitation, if the Chinese do not agree to a lease. Following is modified boundary proposed:---\n\n| Detail | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Starting point | Manang Bum in latitude 25° 33′ north |\n| Initial direction | Crest of watershed range between the Taping and Shweli (Lu Chiang) Rivers with their tributaries, to the south, and the N'Maikha River, with its tributaries, to the north |\n| First landmark | Peak marked Hsi Chiang Ho Shan 12,000 feet on the Survey of India map, east of the village of Upper Hpare, and near the sources of the Mangshang Kha |\n| Direction change | Northward to another peak, by name Sanhko Bum, 12,800 feet, east of Lagwi (Tzu Chu) village |\n| Further direction | Northward, crossing the river Ngawchang at gorge between junction of Hiangjam (Hpimaw) and Ngawchang (Hsiao Chiang) streams and village of Chikgaw (Chi-ka) |\n| Landmark | Range which separates the drainage of the Hpienlaw Kha on the west from that of river Ngawchang and its tributaries on the east |\n| Further direction | Along watershed dividing streams flowing westwards into country of Mars from those flowing eastwards into the Ngawchang River |\n| Further direction | Along range above the Yawyen village of Wulaw (Lao-wu-lu) forming northern watershed of river Ngawchang, and eastward by Wulaw pass until, at about latitude 26° 18', the great divide between the Salween and Irrawaddy is reached |\n\nIt is suggested by Hertz that His Majesty's Government should move the Chinese Government to agree to the main watershed as boundary beyond this point as ... \n\n* Printed in `[12691]`. \n\n3 \n\n## B 2",
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    {
        "id": 434860,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 274,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure 5 in No. 1.\n\n## Government of India to Viscount Morley.\n\n**(Telegraphic.) P.**\n\nMarch 27, 1911.\n\nWE repeat following telegram, dated the 19th instant, from Burmah Government :-\n\n\"Map attached to Litton's report of 1905, and maps attached to report by Consul Rose, submitted with Burmah Government's letter of the 14th May last, show position of Kao-liang-Kung range. Leaving main watershed between Irrawaddy and Shweli Rivers near Hpare pass, the range runs north-westwards, separating the valleys of the Rivers Kansheng and Chipwi. Range towards its western extremity joins that of Wumaw Bum. It would appear from 4th paragraph of recent note by Mr. Hertz, copy of which was submitted with letter of the 13th instant from Burmah Government, that main Irrawaddy-Salween watershed in disputed area is also given the name of Kao-liang-Kung or Kao-li-Kung; and the Chinese map which formed enclosure 3 to Litton's report gives name of Kao-li-Kung to main watershed. Kao-liang-Kung mountain, which was proposed as boundary by Taotai Shih in his note dated the 28th May, 1905, to Mr. Litton, is the southern range forming watershed between Kanshong and Chipwi Rivers; and it is doubtless to this range that Chinese Government now refer. Whole valley of Kansheng or Hpare River, and either whole or part of valley of Ngawchang, would be given to China if this range was accepted as boundary. Chinese Government have no claim whatever to greater part of this area, and final and definite repudiation of the Chinese claim, as proposed in my letter of the 13th March, paragraph 2, is strongly recommended by the lieutenant-governor. Chinese Government should, his Honour recommends, be informed that, if China will accept main watershed as the general boundary, we are prepared to enter into negotiations respecting Hpimay, Kangtang and Gawlam groups of villages on the Upper Ngawchang River; and that we intend to occupy and administer Hpimaw and all the other territory to the west of watershed, unless they at once negotiate on these terms.\"\n\n**(Repeated to His Majesty's Minister, Peking.)**\n\n## Enclosure 6 in No. 1.\n\n## Government of India to Viscount Morley.\n\n**(Telegraphic.) P.**\n\nMarch 29, 1911.\n\nMY telegram dated the 26th, and yours dated the 21st instant. It is desirable, with reference to your decision that Hertz should remain for the present at Htawgaw, that military situation there should be fully placed before you. During rains it will not be possible to supply more than a small force at Htawgaw. It will be very difficult, without loss of stores or baggage, to withdraw expedition after rains break, if it is not withdrawn before. In these circumstances, I would venture to urge that wing of 89th Punjabis should at any rate be withdrawn to Nangu, Hertz and military police being left at Htawgaw, if decision to keep him there is adhered to by your Lordship. Large numbers of Panthay mule drivers will probably desert, taking as many mules as possible with them, if they see no chance of being able to return to China before breaking of rains. Effect of this would probably be that, should we wish to hire any Panthay mules next winter, we should be unable to do so, and difficulties of transport in connection with any boundary commission or demonstration on this frontier would be very greatly increased. Very early orders on my telegram dated the 19th instant as to withdrawal are solicited.\n\n**(Repeated to His Majesty's Minister, Peking.)**\n\n## Enclosure 7 in No. 1.\n\n## Government of India to Chief of the General Staff.\n\nArmy Department, Fort William, March 6, 1911.\n\nI AM directed to forward herewith copy of a telegram from the Chief Secretary to the Government of Burmah, dated the 28th February, recommending that the Burmah Company sappers and miners, with the assistance of the `89th Punjabis`, be instructed at once to undertake the construction of the Wanghte-Htawgaw section of the road required in connection with the Pienma Expedition, and leaving it to the Government of India to decide the terms on which the troops should be employed.\n\n2. I am to request that, under the orders of his Excellency the Commander-in-chief, the necessary steps may now be taken to give effect to the wishes of the Burmah Government.\n\n3. It is understood that his Excellency the Commander-in-chief considers that the troops should be employed on the following terms:-\n\n| Term | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) | The Burmah Company sappers and miners to be ordered up under field service conditions, and the officer commanding appointed field engineer in charge of the road. |\n| (b) | The field engineer to be authorised to give lump sum contracts to his company, in lieu of working pay, for different sections of the road, from time to time. |\n| (c) | The field engineer to be authorised to employ the `89th Punjabis` on road-making, giving them lump contracts for bits of road and free tools, which should be sent up at once from Rangoon. |\n\nThese terms are approved, and I am to request that a statement of the cost involved, which will be borne by the local Government, may be submitted as soon as possible.\n\nI am, &c.\n\nM. H. S. GROVER, Major-General,  \nSecretary to the Government of India.  \nPage 270",
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        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n[April 4]\n\n### SECTION 2\n\n[12453]\n\n#### No. 1\n**India Office to Foreign Office.--(Received April 4)**\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for India presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, by direction of Viscount Morley, forwards herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State, copy of two telegrams from the Viceroy, dated the 2nd and 3rd April, 1911, relative to the withdrawal from Htawgaw.\n\nIndia Office, April 4, 1911\n\n##### Enclosure 1 in No. 1\n**Government of India to Viscount Morley**\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nApril 2, 1911. BURMAH-CHINA frontier. Please refer to your telegram dated the 30th ultimo. Military police will leave Htawgaw by the 8th instant at the latest. Wing of Indian infantry regiment is being withdrawn.\n\n##### Enclosure 2 in No. 1\n**Government of India to Viscount Morley**\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nApril 3, 1911. Please see our telegram dated the 29th March regarding Hpimaw expedition. Burmah Government telegraphed the 1st instant as follows:-\n\n\"Your telegram dated the 19th ultimo. Hertz reports by telegraph that column of military police must return, leaving Htawgaw not later than the 8th instant, on account of climatic conditions and difficulties as to rations. Permission has been accorded by lieutenant-governor, who has informed major-general commanding that he has no objection to 89th Punjabis being withdrawn.\"\n\n(Repeated to Peking.)\n\n`[1974 d--2]`\n\n271",
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        "id": 434862,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 276,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "**AFFAIRS OF CHINA**\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\nCO 15371\n\n[April 6]\n\n## SECTION 1\n\n[12691]\n\n### No. 1\n\n(Received April 6)\n\nIndia Office to Foreign Office\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for India presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, by direction of Viscount Morley, forwards herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State, copy of a telegram to the Viceroy, dated the 30th March, relative to the Hpimaw expedition.\n\nIndia Office, April 5, 1911.\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\n#### Enclosure in No. 1\n\nViscount Morley to Government of India\n\nIndia Office, March 30, 1911. PLEASE refer to your telegram, dated the 29th instant, and my telegram, dated the 21st instant, regarding Hpimaw expedition.\n\nHertz's party should remain as long as possible at Itawgaw, but decision as to actual date of withdrawal is left to your Excellency. 89th Punjabis may be withdrawn from Nangu when it is considered necessary by Lieutenant-Governor.\n\n[1974 f-1]\n\n272 \nPage 272",
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    {
        "id": 435034,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 448,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# [This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n18\n\nother than those of the transport required for ordinary administrative operations during the open season. The threat of a British boycott appears to have been staved off for the present, but it is evident that under existing conditions the Chinese hold a strong position in regard to the supply of mules for purposes of transport, administrative or military, in the districts of Upper Burmah.\n\n## Conclusion\n\nThe events of the past year, and more especially of the last two months, have been of the greatest interest in affording some clue to the probable attitude of the Chinese in the future towards this frontier of Yunnan. They have raised this new army, which is full of enthusiasm and self-confidence, and it seems to have given them an exaggerated view of their own powers and possibilities. The fact that they have managed to press their way through the Thibetan border States and on to Lhassa inspired for a moment a belief in their invincible power, and has doubtless had much to do with the strong and unfriendly attitude which was so constantly manifested towards British interests during the past year. Even after the advance of the column from Myitkyina they appear to have had no doubts as to their eventual success in forcing the hand of Burmah, and with the aid of a British boycott of compelling us to accept their terms, an attitude of mind which was well illustrated by the taotai at Namkham. I believe that the Lweje manoeuvres were the real turning point; they were astounded and really alarmed at the reports of big guns, cavalry, and a force which would have overwhelmed even that new modern garrison, and so their opposition collapsed at once. I have no definite information in regard to the position around Hpimaw beyond the telegram from Mr. Hertz reporting the rumour of an occupation by 300 Chinese. Both the taotai and the frontier deputy, however, have frequently assured me that there are no Chinese troops to the west of the watershed, or indeed north of Yungchang, and their statements appear to be confirmed by the rumours of passing travellers. The frontier deputy tells me that he will leave for Hpimaw early in April to try and negotiate with Mr. Hertz, if he is still there, or presumably to try and improve the situation if the district is no longer occupied by British troops. My information throughout the season and my own strong conviction has been to the effect that the Chinese will not risk hostilities with us, and circumstances appear to indicate that, in the words of the Abbé Hue, they will continue to be \"Strong to the weak and weak to the strong.\" It is for this reason that a speedy settlement appears desirable, whilst a local settlement would probably bring these Chinese frontier officials to a reasonable mind. They are full of courage and ideas when they can sit in their yamêns and telegraph plausible suggestions to their superiors, but I anticipate a more healthy and sounder frame of mind when they are themselves face to face with the hard geological realities of the actual frontier, with a little physical hardship and direct personal relations.\n\nAs long as they are convinced that His Majesty's Government is in earnest in forbidding Chinese interference beyond the watershed, and that the Government of Burmah is ready to enforce this decision by a display of arms if necessary,\n\nI feel confident that the Chinese will be ready to negotiate with us on reasonable terms, and to settle once for all the long-standing question of this frontier line.\n\nI fear that this report has reached an undue length, but the conditions of this isolated post lie so far apart from those of a consul's customary line of activity, that I have been tempted to record the results of my experience before leaving the frontier, whilst submitting my views on those points where local conditions may possibly throw some light on the solution of the great question of India's Chinese neighbour, and, in submitting this report, I trust that the unusual nature of my task may win for me forgiveness if an excess of zeal has sometimes led me beyond the borders of my legitimate and recognised sphere.\n\nTangyueh, February 25, 1911.\n\n**ARCHIBALD ROSE**\n\n## AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n\n18097\n\n[April 11.]\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n`REC2`\n\n&\n\n## SECTION 2\n\n`RESP 16 JUN 11`\n\n### No. 1\n\n[13436]\n\n**India Office to Foreign Office.—(Received April 11.)**\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for India presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, by direction of Viscount Morley, forwards herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State, copy of enclosures in a letter from the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, dated the 23rd March, 1911, relative to the Pien-ma expedition.\n\nIndia Office, April 10, 1911.\n\n**(Confidential.)**\n\nSir,\n\n### Enclosure 1 in No. 1\n\n**Government of Burmah to Government of India**\n\nRangoon, March 13, 1911. WITH reference to the correspondence ending with your telegram dated the 2nd March, 1911, regarding the delimitation of the northern section of the Burmah--China boundary beyond Manangpum, I am directed to submit, for the information of the Government of India, a note on the undelimited portion of the frontier dated the 24th February, 1911, by Mr. W. A. Hertz, deputy commissioner, written by him at Bamyaw, near Htawgaw.\n\n2. The note gives a clear account of the extent to which Chinese claims to territory west of the main watershed have been found to be well-established, and Mr. Hertz makes detailed suggestions as to the terms on which negotiations with China for the determination of the frontier line may suitably be based.\n\nThe examination made by Mr. Hertz of the territory in question has shown that, as was stated by Mr. Litton in 1905, there is no foundation in fact for the territorial claims made by the Tientan headman to the Chipwi valley, by the Tatang fuyi to the Gawyawm and Chikgaw villages in the middle Ngawchang valley, and by the Mingkwang fuyi to Ipare and other villages in the Hkansheng valley, In a few cases presents of small value have been exchanged periodically, but the villages concerned deny that they have paid tribute or are in any way subject to the Chinese chiefs, and there is no evidence that any attempt has been made by the Chinese to administer these tracts. The lieutenant-governor considers that in the negotiations with China the alleged claims to these villages by the Chinese Government or by the local chiefs should be definitely and finally repudiated.\n\n3. There remain the claims of the Tengkeng fuyi to the Hpimaw group of villages, to Gawlam and to other villages on the upper waters of the Ngawchang River. According to Mr. Hertz these villages were at one time under the Lung-pang chief.\n\nIn consequence of a quarrel with this chief they called upon the Tengkeng fuyi for assistance, and have since for many years paid tribute to the Tengkong fuyi, There would seem to have been no active or continued administration of the villages by the fuyi, but they have to some extent adopted Chinese habits and customs, and the lieutenant-governor is disposed to accept Mr. Hertz's view that in so far as these villages are concerned the Chinese claim should be acknowledged.\n\n4. Mr. Hertz suggests three alternative courses for dealing with the tract. They are-\n\n| Course | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1.) | That we should compensate the fuyi for the loss of the tract by a lump sum payment of money; |\n| (2.) | That we should lease the tract either from the Chinese Government or from the fuyi himself; or |\n| (3.) | That the boundary line should be modified and should include in Chinese territory the tract to the west of the watershed in which these villages are situated. |\n\n[1974 -2]\n\nB\n\n443\n\n事",
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    {
        "id": 435036,
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        "page_number": 450,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## \n\nMessrs. Leveson and Litton in the joint survey of 1905, to be beyond the pale of civilisation (“hua wai\") and to be independent of China, and therefore \"no objections would be raised by him to Burmah taking them over.\" These villages are antagonistic to the Chinese and do not fear to say so. On this section of the river, there are two villages, the large one of Gawyawn (Chinese, Shang Lou) and Chikgaw (Chinese, Chika), which exchange presents with the Tatang fuyi. In a former quarrel between the Chinese and the Lungpang group of villages, to which they then belonged, the inhabitants sought and obtained peace by agreeing to exchange presents, as a sign of friendship. Both villages deny that they are in any way subordinate to Tatang. \"Being friends we exchange presents once in three, four or five years\" is what the Gawyawm headman said when I recorded his statement. The inhabitants of Shijang (Chinese, Hsieh Chiang), a group of Lashi villages situated up a small side valley, also deny the Chinese claims.\n\nWe come now to the Hpimaw (Chinese, Pien-ma) group of villages. The stream that flows near these villages is the Tangjam Hka. The people say that they have paid tribute to the Chief of Tengkeng for several generations, at first at long intervals and then with more regularity. These villages and Tangtung and Gawlam on the left bank of the Upper Ngawchang River were formerly under the Lungpang chief, but after a quarrel many years ago the inhabitants appealed to the Tengkeng fuyi for protection and help, which he gave them, and thereafter made them pay tribute. The inhabitants of all these places are Lashis; they all speak Chinese, and there is a school maintained by the Chinese Government at Hpimaw. The few Lisu hamlets in the mountains south of Hpimaw also claim to be under China as the inhabitants came originally from the Salween side of the divide, and there are other Lisu hamlets in the headwaters of the Ngawchang River which also pay tribute once in three years to the Chief of Tengkeng. In some villages, the people state that disputes are referred to that functionary for settlement, while in others they say that they never do so. Beyond collecting tribute, the fuyi does not appear to exercise any real control over these villages, or to actively administer them. Kangfang (house of toll) is a purely Chinese hamlet, where a few Chinese traders in coffin-wood congregate during the open season. The Tengkeng fuyi has a toll-collector there, who takes one plank in twenty for his master.\n\nThe claims of the Chinese are thus:-\n\n**(a)** The claim of the Tientan headman to the Chipwi valley, which it has been decided cannot be considered.\n\n**(b)** The Tenkeng fuyi's claim to the Hpimaw group of villages to Tantung and Gawlam and to the Lisu hamlets near Hpimaw and about the headwaters of the Ngawchang River.\n\n**(c)** The Tatang fuyi's claim to Gawyawm and Chikgaw in the middle Ngawchang valley, both of which are based on a periodical exchange of valueless presents.\n\n**(d)** The Mingkwang fuyi's claim to the two villages of Lagwi on the Mangshang Kha, a tributary of the Hparè stream, the ground for this claim being also an exchange of presents once in \"six to ten years.\"\n\n**(e)** The same fuyi's claim to the villages of Hparè and to those lower down the Hkansheng valley as far as the Kyetmaw Kha west of Htawgaw village.\n\nClaim **(a)** has already been rejected, and I do not think the Chinese can substantiate claims **(c)**, **(d)**, and **(e)**. The claim to Hparè is as much a fiction as the Chinese claim of suzerainty over Burmah in 1886.\n\nThe Tengkeng chief's claim **(b)** is the only one that deserves consideration. As regards **(d)** and **(e)** the joint report says: \"We are of opinion that nothing can be clearer than that there is no Chinese control either in Hparè or Tzu Chu,\" the latter being the Chinese name for Lagwi. With this, I entirely agree. As regards Hparè, the report is emphatic: \"It is perfectly clear that the Chinese suzerainty, much more control, over Hpare and the Kun Ma (Hkansheng) valley is an entire myth.\" At the enquiry, \"the Chinese deputy refused to cross-examine or even to listen and got up and went away.\"\n\nThe claims of the Chinese are thus reduced to very small proportions, viz., that of the tribal chief of Tengkeng. With respect to this claim, we cannot blink the fact that he has right on his side. Although his claim is not a very strong one, yet it is stronger than ours, for we have none, except perhaps the right of every country to obtain a frontier that will secure it from military and political aggression.\n\n## 3. Terms on which we may negotiate with the Chinese.--I have been directed to give my opinion regarding the terms on which we may suitably negotiate with the Chinese Government for the delimitation of the frontier.\n\nAs it would help to increase our prestige, I recommend that a serious effort should be made to retain the watershed boundary either by-\n\n**(a)** Leasing from the Chinese Government the tract of country claimed by the Tengkeng chief, in perpetuity, as was done in the case of the Mong Wan assigned tract (triangle) in the Bhamo district;\n\n**(b)** By leasing it, also in perpetuity, from the chief himself, with the aid of the good offices of the Chinese Government; or\n\n**(c)** By compensating the fuyi liberally for its loss by paying him a lump sum of money.\n\n**(b)** Would, perhaps, be the best course, as it would be less likely to wound the amour-propre of the Chinese Government and the fuyi, it being an established fact that for sentimental reasons the Chinese have the greatest aversion to surrendering any territory, however small and valueless it may be.\n\nThe Chinese claim to the Hpimaw group of villages may honestly be considered to be more a family than an Imperial one, and a sum of 1,000 rupees a-year might, consequently, be offered for the total extinction or the transfer of the fuyi's rights to us on a lease. The above sum would err on the side of liberality, but in order to secure a speedy settlement, the amount might be increased to 1,500 rupees or even 2,000 rupees. If a lump sum would be acceptable, 15,000 rupees might be offered.\n\nWe should lay stress on the fact that there has been no actual administration on the part of the fuyi; that when Hpimaw village was burnt last year by him the people came to us for help; that the tract is valueless from a revenue point of view to both countries; that the fuyi will get more money from us than he can ever hope to collect; that the villages being on this side of the divide, there will be constant feuds and disputes between the inhabitants and our people, as there always have been in the past, which will lead to friction between the two countries; that the inhabitants are only barbarians (for whom it is known the Chinese have the greatest contempt); that the boundary is both a natural and ethnological one, as it separates the Lashis and Marus, who come from the same stock as the Burmans, from the Chinese and Lisus; and, lastly, that the boundary is, undoubtedly, the best one for both countries. If there are places on our frontier where the Chinese have entered upon debatable ground, as I hear they have done at Tawnyo, east of Lashio, in the Shan States, and may have done elsewhere, it might be used as a lever to induce them to accede to our demand respecting Hpimaw. If, in the course of negotiations, the Chinese should bring forward complaints as to our action in tearing up their appointment orders and confiscating their gifts and tokens to headmen, our reply is that they were guilty of sending emissaries into British territory, viz., the Chipwi and 'Nmaikha valleys, who forged petitions from the illiterate \"barbarians\" therein to the Chinese Government praying to be taken over by it, when they have no such desire, thereby perpetrating an extraordinary breach of international etiquette. No course was, therefore, open to me but to obtain possession of all these tokens, official caps, &c., and to forbid our subjects to accept any further orders and gifts from any Chinaman. Had I taken these things from some of the headmen and let others retain them, it would have been accepted by the latter as a sign that I recognised the Chinese claims to their villages.\n\nIf these arguments should fail and the Chinese still cling to their petty claims on this side of the great natural line, I propose an alternative boundary which is equally as good and will exclude the Hpimaw tract from the territory to be taken over by us. The line I recommend follows the crest of the range of hills (marked A, B, C on the annexed map*) which lies parallel to and west of the Salween divide. It starts from the high peak called Hsi-Chiang ho Shan (12,000 feet) and separates the basins of the Mangshang (Lagwi or Tzu Chu) and the Shangtawa streams on one side from that of the Changzaw Kha (? Pi Ho) on the other. Further north, it forms the watershed between the Hpienlaw Kha on the west and the Ngawchang River and its tributaries on the east. It here attains its maximum elevation, the highest point being a peak of 13,600 feet known to the Marus as Chiyen Bum. From here northward, the frontier follows the top of the water-parting of the Ngawchang Kha, which finally sweeps eastward in the shape of a bow and joins the Irrawaddy-Salween divide north-east of the Lisu village of Hpawtè. The Ngawchang Kha, which is a very swift stream...\n\nPage 450\nPage 451",
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        "id": 435444,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-384 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 224,
        "title": "CO129-384 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n[25903]\n\n## No. 1\n\n221\n\n[July 3]\n\n### SECTION 5\n\n24603  \n27.11\n\n**Acting Consul Rose to Foreign Office.-(Received July 3.) (Separate. Confidential.)**\n\nDear Sir,\n\nRangoon, June 8, 1911.\n\nI am sending you a copy of a semi-official letter, which I am addressing to Sir John Jordan, giving him all possible information which I have been able to gather in regard to recent developments on the Burmah-China frontier, after consultation with the Burmah officials. I attach also a copy of a letter from Mr. Perronne* which may be of interest to you in relation to events in Yünnanese Thibet. I am leaving this morning for India on my way home, travelling through Kashmir and Kashgaria.\n\nYours very truly,\n**ARCHIBALD ROSE**\n\n## Enclosure in No. 1\n\n**Acting Consul Rose to Sir J. Jordan**\n\nDear Sir John,\n\nRangoon, June 5, 1911.\n\nI have spent a fortnight in Burmah settling up a few outstanding questions at Myitkyina and taking the opportunity to discuss our frontier problems with the lieutenant-governor and Thompson, the chief secretary, as well as with Hertz, who has just returned from his visit to the unadministered territory. Before starting on my journey home, I should like to give you a brief résumé of affairs, and to place you in as good a position as possible in regard to local information. I believe that the lieutenant-governor concurs in my views on the general frontier situation, but I must submit them to you on my own responsibility, as some of the events are too recent to have received full consideration, and the Government of Burmah will probably await further information before committing themselves to any definite policy.\n\n### Undelimited Frontier North of Myitkyina\n\n2. The first and most important question is naturally that of the unadministered territory and the section of the undelimited frontier lying to the north of Myitkyina. Hertz's column appears to have done excellent work, and you will doubtless receive a copy of the report which has just been submitted. I enclose a map which will give a rough idea of the work accomplished and the general conclusions in regard to the future of the frontier. The whole of the red area has now been taken under a provisional administration, and a post has been established at Lau-Khaung with a civil officer and 125 military police under two military officers, whilst a good road has been pushed up as far as the post. It is under consideration to continue this road from Lau-Khaung to the neighbourhood of Htawgaw during the next open season.\n\n3. You will notice that Pienma (Hpimaw) and Kangfang are excluded from the administered area. Hertz has found a well-defined and lofty range dividing this tract from the newly administered area, and linking up on the north with the Irrawaddy-Salween watershed. He considers that this would form a satisfactory and defensible frontier if necessary, and seems inclined to think that, in view of well-substantiated Chinese claims, no further effort should be made to absorb the Pienma tract. I gather that the Government of Burmah might be willing to consider this recommendation if all attempts to arrange a lease should fail, though the tract has recently gained a new significance from the fact that it commands the best route into the country lying to the north of it.\n\n4. North of this Pienma tract there lies the territory of the Black Marus, and, as no claim has yet been advanced to their country by the Chinese, and as the Lisus of... \n\n*Not printed*\n\n[2103 C-5]",
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    {
        "id": 531649,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-536-1 Estimates- 1932 3-9-1931 - 16-6-1933",
        "page_number": 141,
        "title": "CO129-536-1 Estimates- 1932 3-9-1931 - 16-6-1933",
        "content_text": "SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1931.\n\n...\n\nCAMERAS\n\nNow on.\n\nW. S. BAILEY & CO., LTD.\n\nENGINEERS, SHIPBUILDERS & REPACKERS.\n\nDesigners & Builders of over 300 MOTOR & STEAM VESSELS & LIGHTERS\n\nCastings: Forgings: Steel Construction & General Work\n\nEASY CALL PLACE \"E\"\n\nPROTECT YOUR PROPERTY WITH\n\nMalthoid Roofing.\n\nSole Agents:\n\nBRADLEY & CO., LTD.\n\nMachinery Dept.\n\nDEVELOPING\n\nand\n\nPRINTING\n\nA SPECIALITY\n\nTHE PHARMACY.\n\nYuen Fat Building.\n\nTel. 20945.\n\nQueen's Road C.\n\nELECTRIC\n\nColumbia\n\nRECORDS\n\n(Scratch)\n\n6 Famous Liverpudlians\n\n5007-Part and Personal\n\n$455-Ply Dama\n\n$755-Gun\n\nDX42 Light Cavalry\n\nDX\n\nBronze\n\nLorenzetti Guarda Band\n\nB.C. Wareham\n\nGym Orch.\n\nRa Dan Golferg's Orch.\n\nMilan Vym. Orch.\n\nCourt Sym Orch.\n\nSie Ban underseal\n\nTHE ANDERSON MUSIC CO., LTD.\n\nFELIX HAT SHOP\n\nNow showing the very latest\n\nin Bowler, Tricorne, Empire\n\nand Robin-Hood Hats.\n\nYour Husband\n\nNEEDS WATCHING!\n\nUnder the weight of\n\nsorless corpenak:lftlen,\n\nhe ferre.\n\nTH\n\nIn basalanan a good personal sppeninnen de qu\n\nasset. Your Job in Tu\n\nmake it a meget by having bla cloches re\n\ncleaned pelarly\n\nTHE STEAM\n\nLAUNDRY CO.\n\nBankers Laundrymen, Pressers and Dry Cleaners\n\nHEAD OFFICE & WORKS, Mongkok, Tel. #7061.\n\nKOWLOON HOTEL DEPOT\n\n...\n\nCARGO VESSEL \"ARDAMASA\" 250 TONS CAPACITY.\n\n...\n\nSTAMP TOPICS.\n\n(Fascinated from Page 1)\n\nLOCAL & GENERAL\n\n\"THE PAINTED VEIL\"\n\nStage Version of\n\nMaugham Novel\n\nCHINA IN LONDON.\n\nAynsley King Cherkke, TAO GL KN Kina. Delay. Tvelyn Walker, & \"As anergial dos alert yn 12 Queen Ang sakkolmikoma, Whi sejdokumen at samarja. 12: tearing to Zangkong on the T. 1. sever exchange mlid with you? NARRA.\n\nNo such charge could be laid against the\n\nCharacters DA 30\n\nTether G. Bad kant night wälzeme Komerset Maugham's \"The Palat ettpind legs and big fast. Traband og minn 15 kg. Hai sa to z Vell.\" proanted on Sept. 29 20 of the derby “Charter la mourian phir tizen kala) in ANG PERA DA TE Krem in Loei. abroadvid Chelonne Jac.\n\n...\n\nFRUSTRATED THEFT.\n\nAttempt to Steal Jade Setting from Ring.\n\nCITY SHOP INCIDENT\n\nA daring attempt Wha takde un Wadaday by twà Chlimga lo mkuni tisa salinbla jade sett sum from a ring, the property of The Caravan Duilina' novelly stored De Center Road.\n\nI köy Uhat the time »ntered the shop at about f o'clock in the ovaning and naked ko sen come rings. Both appest\" |\n\nhẻ to be of the better eluaa. \"The were walted on by the Chlas nesistant who showed them The\n\nfeared. JACK\n\nAk\n\nT Haungernon, who had uppituurives Į Tand them, the pries of\n\nRADIO BROADCAST\n\nVOLUNTEER PROMENADE CONCERT RELAY.\n\nLITERARY TALKS.\n\nEnglish Association's Programme.\n\nOPENS IN NOVEMBER\n\nThe Hongkong Branch of The\n\nEnglish Astorienstion will hold it\n\nmanual penarai mesting, for the\n\nThe radio gradne je to krona- riaction of ofiarata_and_com- rast lg 2 20 30 cm mashrath of the, in the Haleh May T\n\ntute un Today Kavumbar 5. KI ao và Hi Exellen Br TEAM-11:29 AM Sk quotations | Wil Pal XCMG, XIE WHI 11.30 1\n\nΠ\n\nCh.\n\n| přejde, and Mr. G.P. de Martin Iza ya Ruanda pengaman FORMA will talk a \"Propie 1.90 păm. Zanal plan and weather, una zend and write History\". All\n\n129 pm Juris porn sets, mail\n\nhot memfaḍ\n\nlavated to Alleni. The Et Association M mecials for people of all patiesa who are Camillur with the English F... Classrooms. Jangangy and ang Intersassa in Use bas vady of that language and fla Harare. Among de menbein át\n\n-Code, cla\n\nIki\n\nDep\n\n1.00-9 15 pm\n\n7.00 pm muiden, gig\n\nTom Cat prominent sintoman and\n\nwory, teachers and entice and gamural” raders throughout the world.\n\n...\n\nFLOOD RELIEF FUND.\n\nResult of Recent Chinese Campaign.\n\n$20,000 REMITTED.\n\nFollowing are the results of the drive for the Flood Relief Fundi undertaken by the Chamber Commerce (or Importa and\n\nof\n\nEx-,\n\nL\n\nThe first of the 15 groups was\n\n|\n\nThe Hongkong branch of th world-wide Ansočlation\n\nbeen an extitelce for two years and has bald monthly vertāna be Turday afternoona for six months (at the year. These lectursa are\n\npubl\n\nLanually. They con\n\nMint Interesting discölimbed un J wide range of literary and Melgilar 11ib. De themes, delivered by members of the busineda, community and the\n\nKastane mann-Zeina | Proťvonions, The Nighting” Harv (0) Fe). 1854 And the mistration.\n\nFor that reason, and brenuta jt in one of the few rectations Sutri (Hangkok devated to mental and Instrumental Tria-in. Stál Stemtet, sesal rather than physical\n\nsocial culture, the Boakket **Esapatris Tra 20096 | Branch AT THE GASTAR AMOçimi kom Jong-Uncle Sad (4996 Foster) option Die interent of the public.\n\nThose who wish to join the cl Enivann Times () 1265 teach abould come with Van Sale. Wallack Cool (logo) Villa Bois-Panas Side Dukes\n\nZumba).\n\nve How Secretary, Professor Simpson, the University of Bur \"Etram pedalac 1184, kong, or attend the annual meet 1:40 pm – Lindt hijun næst wenikering. The cply feel report).\n\n2012 pm Orctral rednerships is those dolars, kad |tor Ineal macbarakip plan plate- Belection\n\nhership of the central popula Country Gardoad Libary).\n\nsight dollars\n\nMobile Band. 20017. From Uk Birsin 16 She Danube-Mediay\n\nGorhard Hollngela_Drak. V-40408. The Love for Pipis densem\n\n(Prokofe\n\nBoston Syn pada Orakastca. 7197. Kisao je portuguesa Moolc St-De Yeodül azpias), die FremantČEKALKANE\"\n\nAdeline Fall)19 pesu)\n\nMr. Ma Man-Cal of the Sikten Ca Thivima.\n\n32044.\n\nLtd. The warded was Mr. N.CH. Gogga in se na sasar Tian Yur, of the Wah Yuu Shing'\n\nCo, and the third was Dr. P. Gork\n\n| Ckit, of like Wing On Co.\n\nThe winner of the individual results was Mr. A. Tak B collected over $1,900,\n\nAu L Consoquence of the cam| paign the sum of $30.000 ha been) Demitted through the Bank of CHILE to the Xith China Flood, Relet Association ul Hamkow for immediate dietribution.\n\nThe following donations fro tha foreign community at Hong-,\n\nknar ekpollged ·\n\nWo Meyering & Co\n\nJames Exekhouse 120,\n\nR. Eat. ...\n\nB. Kalo & Co...\n\nI. S. Sherly & Ce\n\nHarry Wiring 2 ('n\n\nCh Fuss_Ca\n\nThe Lawton Ca.\n\nRobertson Wilson & Co. Ltd.\n\nA. Gaoke & C\n\n10\n\nJebilen & Co.\n\nEstaja & Co.\n\n10\n\nSander Wieler & Co. Mr. B\n\nSentenced for appropriating $3,905 belongine ja les «Maplegars, i molive bank, a Chinese map best. la plans for fur months in the Bancial More Court at Shanghai AÇTITÉ ine to the starting man vill banded the money la toka to a GerĖKIN along but instead of doing this, ha leol The paneling\n\nwww to the Cones wald that ha\n\nwith the $1.994 which bad hann va Freekent ke bio sara\n\nTHE\n\nThe Lecture Course. During this mamelon, monthly meeting on the first Tuesday of each moal will be held in the Halona May Institute. The Syla bak for the year in a Follows:\n\nTinaday Nov. 3 Mr. G. P. de Martin, \"People who read sad |write Batory\".\n\nTuesday Dec. 1. Pref. AlamaHI,\n\n\"Why be Sentimental?\" Trendy Jan & Mrs Grit o\n\nTroy Fok, 1 Mr. France, na 2.\n\nJeta Paraika, bet yet to be announced.\n\nHeng A Empurian_(Du Magalhast).\n\nandra yakezo, (De Maghi bany.\"\n\nCarda Da Magillar (Baritone).\n\nToday March 3, authors,\n\n\"Hans Anders”.\n\nProdenmar Tuesday April 29032. Middletas Basith, an “Books about]\n\nChina Consertina Fado-Tim Marko (Pudo), Consuetan Kain Vira (Xurian Diane). These top for Hectares, ne\n\nAlbela da Siva CewYA. LAKAN KAL\n\nrather for Eatka, have kaon choman İKİ & view to enroninge discus Taskaus verberg und Vaumberg san, so the arsemibal Ari kal\n\nRusse (Wagner).\n\nLegal Stakaw Ang thị Phindu. (Engat te da salama keetmin Tlatza- ing conclaves, bol meetings for phy rekken. Ma 102+115 mm masakan Music. borty exchange of Mort and Garem of Paadlam\n\nKulamaka Lana 39707)\n\nExman Ma\n\nKane's Hawkskm. W RAZOR FOR NOTHING. 128–11.00 pm. (Area). Balay of the Valunteer Promem. din Concert by Rand Fatimidean of Lian. Men Chivani La G.,\n\nDUK.B\n\n30.\n\nTi00pm. (Appena). Kapky milk- day, open ceRN,\n\npm\n\nIn the event of had mather there\n\nwill be a coenzded programme op 200\n\n10.34.\n\nFree Gift Given Away With Packet of Blades.\n\nAK WATSON'S OFFER\n\nA chance to soute something\n\nfor nothing has come with an offeri The French Messalan at Shanghai from Memes, A. S. Watson & Co. By poem of a hombing outrage (24, the Hongkong Nispen to beat work reaulting in the womed. give away a tator free with every Bag, Solleved to The fatal, of packet of 10 Gilette razor binder C'mon, tulda z kambing robot\n\n...\n\nN. LAZARUS. OPHTHALMIC OPTICIANS.\n\nSouth Arcade\n\nGideceta Mariating.\n\nTHE EXCELSIOR CO.\n\n8, 27 Aguilar Arrest.\n\nBOOKSELLEER.\n\nBUY YOUR ANNUALS NOW\n\nPICTUME FROM ANCIL\n\nPIDER TIMUR ANNUAL BAINESA ANNI AL\n\nCH MIDA ANNUAL\n\nGIBLE OF NANNTAL\n\nANNUAL\n\nTHING HING CO\n\nTel.\n\nHIGH CLASS TAILORS & OUTFITTERS Lacostela. Moderata price. Guarantend\n\nNo, di, Queen's Road, Central\n\nBOMBAY TAILORING CO. (Expert Indian Tailors)\n\n5. Hankow Road (Opposite the Howlone. Hotal. ›\n\nHigh Class Tallers and OctEtter\n\nJust Received New Woolien Suitings from England. Latest tyle..-Moderate Price Guaranteed FUL FIRE.\n\nEVERYTHING (SE.C.) ELECTRICAL\n\nGECOP ONE ALL-ELECTRIC RADIO\n\nSETS\n\nRADIO GRAMOPHONES SPEAK FOR THEM ELVES.\n\nDEMONSTRATIONS DAILY from 11.30 AD,\n\nAll apparates to the value of £5 or over or be supplied sa live purchase\n\nTerms.\n\nFree service for 3 months\n\nG.E.C. SHOWROOM\n\nQueen's Buuldag Chater Road, Longhor\n\nsram Valves\n\nPURITY OF \"TONĘ.",
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