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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-013 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 136,
        "title": "CO129-013 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "only in compliance with Your Lordship's specific instructions, despatch no. 23, of 30th December, 1843. I look upon this as a salutary and wise regulation, as to recommend its continuance and strict observance.\n\nI do not see the necessity or advantage of the Surveyor General being a member of Council, as proposed by Mr. Gordon. The limited numbers of the Council, as ordered for this Colony, render it necessary to appoint to them officers of higher station and claims, to the exclusion of the Surveyor General, who may always be summoned to attend when information is required from him. Sir Henry Pottinger did not see fit to appoint Mr. Gordon, though the Councils were still incomplete.\n\nWith six Engineer officers and a considerable number of sappers on the spot, and my experience of the able manner in which their works are conducted, I should recommend the adoption of my advice (as already offered to Your Lordship) that all the Government buildings required should be erected under the superintendence of the Ordnance department; and that the construction and repair of Roads, the management of the Crown Lands and leases, and all the hirings of the Land office, except the erection of public buildings, should be under the charge of the Surveyor General. The present Establishment of a Surveyor General without any assistant and a Clerk to the works, would be sufficient for the purpose.\n\nComparing the duties of a Surveyor...\n\n# Dec145. \nhas been kept as is, assuming it is a page marker or other metadata. However, to follow the exact output format requested (HTML using  for paragraphs), and given the specific instruction to preserve original content except for specified corrections, the exact handling of \"# Dec145.\" isn't directly addressed in the instructions. For strict compliance with the output format:\n\n# Dec145.\n\nShould be considered, but since the original task doesn't directly address how to handle such a line, and given the constraint to output in HTML, the most straightforward interpretation is to leave it as is or handle it according to the broader context of preserving original content and structure.\n\nHowever, the requested output format is HTML, and the given response is in Markdown. To strictly adhere to the output format:\n\nIt should be noted that \"Dec145.\" seems out of place and might be a page number or other marker. The proper handling would be to keep it as is if it's considered metadata or part of the original scan.\n\nGiven the constraints and focusing on the primary text:\n\nThe final HTML output, focusing on the main body of text provided and correcting for minor issues (like \"ho:\" to \"no.\" and other typos), is as shown in the first set of  tags.",
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    {
        "id": 228176,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-027 - Public Offices - 1848",
        "page_number": 480,
        "title": "CO129-027 - Public Offices - 1848",
        "content_text": "473\n\nAppendix\n\nReport on the Tea\n\nTrade.\n\n[64]\n\nThe territory in which the large amount of tea consumed in Europe and America is grown is south of the Great Yan-tze-Keang river; the whole region lying between the 27th and 31st degrees of north latitude, and from the sea coast inland for 500 to 600 miles, may be considered capable of producing tea; but the most favoured region is the generally sterile hilly province of Fokien, and the provinces of Keangsoo and Chekeang, between the 25th and 31st degrees of north latitude. This territory, which extends over 350 to 400 square miles, is composed principally of the debris of a coarse granite, and of a ferruginous sandstone, crumbling into decay; but when well comminuted and irrigated, yielding sufficient nutriment for the hardy tea plant (a camellia), whose qualities, like that of the vine, are elicited by the nature of the soil, the elevation, the climate, and the solar aspect to which the shrub is subjected*.\n\nIt is generally stated that green and black teas are produced from the shrubs of the same species, with a slight variety; the leaf of the green being larger and broader than that of the black; the former leaf is rounded, the latter elliptic, flatter, and more coriaceous.\n\nThe cultivation in different soils, the picking of the leaves at different stages of expansion, and subjecting them to greater or less degree of heat and manipulation in drying, is the cause of considerable variety; probably the same difference exists as between the red and white grape, or the black and white currant.\n\nThe shrub is cultivated with great care, planted in quincunx rows, in beds, by seeds, chiefly along the sides of hills with a southern aspect, and on a poor gravelly soil, among the debris of decayed granite and disintegrated sandstone, and where nothing else will grow, and it is used for hedgerows or boundaries.\n\nThe height varies from three to seven feet, and it is very leafy. The flower resembles the wild rose or briar flower, common in English hedges in autumn; the seed vessel is a nut of the size of a small hazel, or rather like the castor-oil nut, but rounder; three red kernels are in each nut, divided by capsules, and from these a quantity of oil, termed \"tea oil,\" is extracted, and used for common purposes by the Chinese. Six or seven seeds are put into each hole when planting; in 12 or 18 months transplantation takes place, and about the third year the leaves are first plucked. At seven years of age the top is cut almost down to the stem (as gardeners do with old currant trees), and a more leafy set of shoots spring up the ensuing year.\n\nThe age of the tree is unknown; it has a useful duration, probably to 15 or 20 years. It is an evergreen, and blossoms from the end of autumn throughout the winter until spring. The leaves are dried by placing them first in flat baskets, and exposing them to the air and a moderate degree of sun. They are then further dried or \"tatched\" in thin pans of iron, heated by a small furnace of charcoal, the leaves being kept constantly turned round by the hand, and rolled or rubbed between the fingers, to give the leaf a rounded form. When sufficiently fired, it is picked and packed for Canton in chops of 100 to 1,000 chests, each chop having marked on it the name of the maker, the district where the tea is grown, its quality, date, &c.\n\nCopper is not used in the preparation of any description of tea; iron pans are solely employed. I visited a tea manufactory five miles above Canton, where about 500 men, women, and children were engaged in converting coarse-looking refuse leaves, into several sorts of green tea. A series of large flat iron pans were placed over a range of furnaces heated by charcoal, in several successive degrees. The teas, which had been previously picked and sorted, were then placed successively in these pans by men, who each rolled them to a certain extent. After passing four or five pans a small quantity of turmeric was sprinkled over the leaves, in a pan highly heated, and in the next pan a blue powder, composed of Prussian blue and gypsum was added, which gave a delicate green bloom to the leaf, which formerly had been of a dingy black or brown hue. The tea was then gradually cooled in large shallow baskets, then placed in a winnowing machine and sifted into different sizes, the smaller being packed and sold as gunpowder or pearl tea. Thus the greatest refuse of tea, or the leaves which had passed through the teapots of the Chinese, were converted into \"Gunpowder,\" \"Hyson,\" and other teas for exportation, as the Chinese never drink green tea. The proprietor of the manufactory told me that the green tea thus prepared was sold to the Americans, who consume but little black tea. It is said to be difficult to detect this coloured tea from the pure, and as the Americans have good tea-tasters at Canton, the English probably receive their share of the adulterated manufacture.\n\nThe names of teas are a very imperfect criterion of their quality. Formerly Bohea was the principal tea in use; now the title is used to designate the lowest description of black tea. It may be useful to indicate the designation of the names in general use. Bohea is an English corruption of the words \"Woo-e,” \"Voo-yee,\" or \"Ba-yee,\" some hills of that name, about 12 miles in circumference, in Fokien, on the borders of Canton province, yielding a common tea of that name, which is gathered three times a year. It is called by the Chinese \"Tacha\" (large tea).\n\nCongo, from \"congfoo,\" labourer, is of a better quality than Bohea, less dusty, and with a rougher and more astringent flavour.\n\nWo-ping teas are so called from a district of that name in Canton province, and when mixed with Bohea form \"Canton Bohea.\"\n\nAnkoi, a coarse tea from the district of that name.\n\nCampoi, from Keinpoi, selected. It is a stronger tea than Congo.\n\nSouche or Caper, from \"swangche,\" double preparation, or \"choolan,\" fragrant pearls. A great deal from Ankoi district.\n\n[65]\n\nSouchong, from \"seaore-chong,\" scarce or small, good thing. It is carefully made from trees three years old, grown in good soil. Older trees, in a similar situation, produce Congo; older still, Bohea and other inferior teas.\n\nThere are different sorts of Souchong, and it is not easy to get this tea pure and good in England. The leaf is of agreeable fragrancy, somewhat like new-made hay; the leaf crisp, of a glossy black colour, and when subjected to boiling water, of a sick-red hue; the liquid is an amber brown.\n\nPeko, or Peho, from \"pih,\" have white petals or hair, so called from being made of leaves, gathered in when the blossoming is over in spring, when there is a whitish hair or down young on the leaf.\n\nThe tea flowers are fragrant mixed with the leaf, and give a fine odour and flavour to the tea.\n\nTwankay, from Tunkay, a district where the tea is generally made. In green teas it corresponds in quality to Congo among black teas.\n\nSinglo, from Sungle, a mountain in Ganhway. Both these teas have large flat leaves, and are not much rolled.\n\nHyson, from \"hechuen,\" genial spring or first crop, when the young leaves are gathered. Hyson Skin, Puha tea skin. In Chinese \"skin\" signifies the refuse. It is formed of the leaves rejected in the preparation of Hyson. The dealers in London give it the name of bloom tea.\n\nYoung Hyson, from \"yee-tseen,\" before the rains. It is a very small leaf. Gunpowder is the picked, small, well-rounded Hyson, like shot, also called Pearl or Imperial tea. Several other teas with new names are being introduced.\n\nThe different teas are prepared roughly by the tea farmers, and then taken to the manufacturers, who prepare and sort the teas according to the districts in which they are grown, the variety and age of the tree, the size and quality of the leaf, &c. The leaves are passed through sieves of different sizes before their quality is determined. The judgment of the manufacturer in selecting and sorting, and the skill of his workman in firing or \"tatching\" the leaf, is of the first consequence. The better quality teas are more frequently roasted, and each leaf separately rolled. The finest descriptions do not reach England; the mandarins pay very high prices for those teas, and their flavour is so delicate that they would not bear four or five months' sweating in the hold of a ship.\n\nThe production of tea for the use of the Chinese middle and lower classes must be very great, as it is used at every meal.\n\nThe tea found in Russia, conveyed by land and river carriage thither, is said to be superior to the tea generally used in England. This may be owing to the leaf being less fired; many of the finest teas drunk in China would not bear five or six months' stowage in the hot and humid atmosphere of the hold of a ship, and therefore the teas conveyed to Europe by sea require to be dried and fired to a degree which must injure their quality. Teas that I drank at Foochoo, Ningpo, and Shanghai were not highly dried, and had a very delicate flavour, when drank as the Chinese do, without milk or sugar; but these teas could not be preserved more than a few months. The Chinese say, that the high dried superior black teas improve in flavour by being closely packed in air-tight leaden cases for one or two years. Some of the finest teas in China scarcely colour the water, and the preparation consists solely in pouring boiling water on a small quantity of the leaves placed in a teacup, fitted with a close cover; among the highest classes a silver strainer is placed at the bottom of the teacup. Tea made up into balls, or compressed into the form of bricks, or of flat cakes, is exported to Tartary, Tibet, Burmah, &c., boiled with milk, and constitutes an agreeable and nutritious beverage.\n\nThe constituent properties of tea are,\n\n  \n    \n    Black\n    Green\n  \n  \n    Tannin\n    40.6\n    34.6\n  \n  \n    Vegetable albumen\n    6.4\n    5.7\n  \n  \n    Mucilage\n    6.3\n    5.9\n  \n  \n    Insoluble fibre\n    44.8\n    51.3\n  \n  \n    Loss\n    2.0\n    2.5\n  \n\nThe tannin blackens salts of iron. The proportions of tannin must vary with the quality of the tea. A salifiable base, named \"theine,\" in regular colourless crystals, has been obtained from tea.\n\nThe ashes of black and green teas yield silex, carbonate of lime, magnesia, chloruret of potash. In distillation tea yields a volatile oil, and according to some, a small quantity of resin, soluble in alcohol, and possessing the odour of tea. The effects of tea on the human system are, first stimulant, and then narcotic, according to the strength of the beverage. In moderation tea is an excellent diluent; it promotes digestion, and stimulates the renal glands. The constant use of tea, however, in large quantities, especially by persons living on a poor vegetable diet, is not favourable to physical strength or nervous energy, and to persons engaged in sedentary employments and imperfectly alimented, the frequent imbibing of \"tannin\" has a decided and manifest pernicious effect. How far the excessive use of strong tea in China, by alternately elevating and depressing the nervous system, may have led...\n\nPage 480\n\nPage 481",
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    {
        "id": 238224,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-055 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [3-5]",
        "page_number": 46,
        "title": "CO129-055 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [3-5]",
        "content_text": "The Police Rate in Hongkong determined, not by the Legislative, but by the Executive Council.\n\n8. I do not imagine the Charter of the Colony, to which the Colonial Secretary refers in support of the present system, to be an irrepealable and immutable Law - but a Law which the Sovereign Lawgiver may modify in the interest of her subjects. Whatever may have been the purpose of the Charter, under existing colonial usages it appears to me the functions of the Legislative and the Executive Councils are in practice not unfrequently confused and interchanged, and that much of the action of the Executive\n\nmight with public advantage be placed under the supervision of the Legislative Council, on the understanding always that the Legislative Council should stand on a broader basis, and that its aptitude for useful legislation should be increased by the introduction of a certain number of popularly elected Members.\n\n9.\n\nI do not know, in what respect the experiment made by Sir George Bonham six years ago failed. I am not acquainted with the prediction which anticipated that failure. My experience is, as President of the Legislative Council (of which the Colonial Secretary",
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    {
        "id": 241351,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-062 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 376,
        "title": "CO129-062 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "The Hongkong Government Gazette.\n\n18. The Rules now in operation to be thoroughly revised, and the Council to be conducted after the usual manner of conducting Public Councils or Meetings.\n\n19. Each Member, on being sworn in, to sign the Council copy of Rules for the conduct of the Council.\n\n20. When the Legislative Council shall sit in discussion on any matter affecting British Subjects in China, e.g., on any Consular Ordinance, any Consul or Vice-Consul, provided he be regularly appointed from home, and not merely acting, and provided he be on actual Service at one of the Ports of China open to Trade, shall, on Summons from the Governor, be admissible to a seat in the Legislative Council pro hac vice, and shall enjoy the right of speaking, but not of voting in the Council.\n\n21. The Governor shall enjoy, as President of the Council, a casting vote, and no vote of the Council shall interfere with the power or authority vested in the Governor by Her Majesty, or the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\n22. The Council may, as it shall see fit, amend or alter, from time to time, the Rules adopted for the conduct of its business.\n\nVICTORIA, HONGKONG, 28th July, 1855.\n\nInclosure 2,-Despatch 110.\n\nNo. 49. Legislative.\n\n[MARCH 2, 1857.]\n\nGOVERNMENT OFFICES, VICTORIA, HONGKONG, 26th March, 1857.\n\nSir, In reference to your Despatch of 23d November last, I propose now to forward some additional observations, and to furnish some further information in connection with my suggestions for the reorganization of the Legislative Council of this colony. My principal object is to introduce the popular element into its Government, and to make that element subservient to its prosperity, as I have reason to believe its introduction would be acceptable to public opinion.\n\n2. I deemed it desirable, before again reverting to the topic, to give the Colonial Secretary an opportunity of making any remarks upon my proposals, which either his experience of the Colonial Service, or his matured reflections on the subject matter, might suggest, and I think it right to forward copy of a Memorandum I have received from him. The change he advocates is altogether so unimportant, that I should think it would be better to leave matters as they are than to modify the Legislative Council in the manner suggested; and as I do not agree in the conclusion that the present state of things is satisfactory to the community, still less that it ought to be satisfactory, so I am persuaded that the admission of influences which should represent public opinion, with its contribution of knowledge, its demands for improvement, its interest in social reforms, would here as everywhere lead to greater contentment and better Government.\n\nVICTORIA, HONGKONG, 31st July, 1855.\n\nSIR, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 30th instant, together with its inclosure (herewith returned), and to state for the information of His Excellency The Governor,\n\n3. But were there still less of dissatisfaction than exists with the present state of things, I should hold it most desirable not to wait a period of agitation, and the expression of public discontent, in order to confer on a growing and prosperous population the benefit of more representative institutions in some shape or other.\n\nThe only suggestion I have to make is with reference to paragraph 7; and here I beg to observe, that the 5 Unofficial Members being elected every third year, would render these parties more efficient and better acquainted with their duties, than if elected annually. I have, &c.,\n\nThe Honorable W. T. Mercer, Esquire,\n\nColonial Secretary,\n\nNo. 2.\n\nW. CAINE, Lieutenant Governor.\n\nHongkong.\n\n(True copy,)\n\nW. T. MERCER, Colonial Secretary.\n\nDOWNING STREET, 23d November, 1855.\n\nSIR, I have to acknowledge your Despatch No. 110, of the 2d August last, proposing, for the consideration of Her Majesty's Government, a scheme for the reconstitution of the Legislative Council of Hongkong,\n\n2. That proposal will receive attentive consideration; but before any decision can be arrived at upon it, it is essential that Her Majesty's Government should be furnished with more detailed information on the most essential feature of the plan.\n\n3. I trust to receive from you a detailed report on this subject: and take the opportunity of the delay to direct your attention to some other portions of the plan which appears to me to deserve reconsideration.\n\n4. The enlargement of Councils, by the sole introduction into them of a greater number of public functionaries, is objectionable, as it would be but the diffusion and consequent diminution of responsibility among the Executive body, whose functions, in my judgment, would be better performed by few than by many; and, except for the purpose of bringing influence from without the Government circle into the field of legislation, I see little necessity for change.\n\n5. The Legislative Council as at present constituted, is undoubtedly acquainted with the concerns of the colony. The Blue Book had never been laid on the Council Table. No subject whatever was discussed except on the presentation of the Governor—nothing whatever connected with the budget was ever submitted either for suggestion, deliberation, or decision.\n\n6. I am not aware of the existence of the misapprehension to which the Colonial Secretary refers, with reference to the control which the Legislative Council possesses over the finances of the colony. No control has hitherto been in any way exercised or assumed over any portion of the Colonial Revenues.\n\n7. But the Colonial Secretary allows that the Legislative Council is concerned in the levying the Police Rate,—that revenue not arising from the property of the Crown. Now, strange to say, the Police Rate in Hongkong is determined, not by the Legislative, but by the Executive Council.\n\n8. I do not imagine the Charter of the colony, to which the Colonial Secretary refers, to be an irrevocable and immutable Law, but a law which the Sovereign Lawgiver may modify in the interest of Her subjects. Whatever may have been the purpose of the charter, under existing Colonial usages, it appears to me the functions of the Legislative and the Executive Councils are in practice not infrequently confused and blended, and that much of the action of the Executive might, with public advantage, be placed under the supervision of the Legislative Council, on the understanding always that the Legislative Council should stand on a broader basis, and that its aptitude for useful Legislation should be increased by the introduction of a certain number of popular elected members.\n\nMARCH 2, 1857.\n\nThe Hongkong Government Gazette.\n\n373\n\n17. The machinery for enforcing the arrangement that three out of five Non-official Members should be selected from the Magistracy, might be simply that the suffrages of any voter who polled for more than two non-magistrates should be ipso facto disallowed.\n\n18. As regards the 16th paragraph allowing the Governor to leave a vacancy unfilled, I think it, on consideration, better that no such discretion should be left to the Governor, but that on a vacancy occurring an election to supply it should take place.\n\n9. I do not know in what respect the experiment made by Sir George Bonham, six years ago, can be said to have entirely failed, nor am I acquainted with the prediction which anticipated that failure.\n\n19. With reference to the proposal of the Colonial Secretary, for the appointment of a Colonial Surgeon, I think a salary of £800 would be a sufficient remuneration, and that to his duties might be superadded the supervision and direction of measures connected with the Public health.\n\n20. I enclose two Documents which may serve to elucidate the inquiry into the proposed constituency of the colony.\n\nThe Right Honourable\n\nHENRY LABOUCHERE, M.P.,\n\n&c., &c.,\n\nJOHN BOWRING.\n\nInclosure 1,-Despatch 49.\n\nMEMORANDUM ON THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE COUNCILS OF THE COLONY.\n\nHis Excellency having called on me for my opinion on the proposed reconstruction of the Councils of this Colony, I have to state as follows:\n\n1. I think, in the mouth of February, last year, I drew up, at His Excellency's request, a plan with this object in view, which underwent revision and alteration by His Excellency, and was eventually submitted to the Secretary of State, in Despatch No. 110 of 2d August, 1855.\n\n...\n\nPage 374\n\n...\n\nH. LABOUCHERE.\n\nGovernor SIR JOHN BOWRING, &c., &c., &c.,\n\nHongkong.\n\n...",
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    {
        "id": 281568,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-144 - Sir MacDonnell & Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [3-5]",
        "page_number": 130,
        "title": "CO129-144 - Sir MacDonnell & Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [3-5]",
        "content_text": "## \n88. The number of Foreign inhabitants at Yokohama is 437 (exclusive of Naval and Military.)\n\n89. The cost to the Colony of the maintenance of this Agency is about $2,000 per annum, which is $818.70 more than the sum contributed towards its maintenance by the Imperial Post Office.\n\n90. It is, however, a matter for consideration as to whether the Imperial Post Office should not be called upon to bear the salary of £150 per annum to the recently appointed Clerk, and also whether any or all the cost of the new Post Office should not also be claimed from that Department. Yokohama is now and must, for a lengthened period, continue to be the centre of commerce and the Metropolis of Japan, and the necessity for supplementing the Postmaster by a second Officer in case of sickness, &c., is I submit an exigency which the Imperial Post Office ought to bear. It may, however, be argued that, upon the same principle, the Agents at other places should have a second Officer attached to them, but I maintain that the postal work being comparatively light at all the other Agencies could, in case of emergency, be performed by the Consul or one of his assistants, whilst the business of the Yokohama Office being of much greater magnitude could not be efficiently performed by an Officer wholly unacquainted with the duty without very great inconvenience to the public.\n\n91. The annual gross revenue of the Office is about $22,500 nearly the whole of which goes to the Imperial Post Office.\n\n92. Looking, however, at the subject from a broader point of view, although the Colony apparently only profits from the Agencies in China and Japan about $5,096.52 per annum, thus:-\n| Place        | Profit/Loss | Amount   |\n|--------------|-------------|----------|\n| Swatow       | Profit      | $777.68  |\n| Amoy         | Profit      | $1,719.82|\n| Foochow      | Profit      | $1,497.04|\n| Canton       | Profit      | $358.92  |\n| Shanghai     | Profit      | $1,753.52|\n| Ningpo       | Loss        | $44.76   |\n| Nagasaki     | Loss        | $147.00  |\n| Yokohama     | Profit      | $818.70  |\n|              |             | $1,010.46|\n| Nett profit  |             | $5,096.52|\n\nit is proper also to remember that the net profit the Colony derived from the Post Office Department generally last year amounted to $34,710.78, and I do not anticipate much less profit this year notwithstanding the Commercial depression which is said to reign throughout China and Japan.\n\n93. In consequence of the imperfect knowledge which the Consular Officers, who are Post Office Agents, evinced of their duties, I have prepared and forwarded with a separate letter, a complete code of instructions for their guidance, to which I solicit His Excellency's sanction.\n\n94. During my travels it was urged that the extension of the system of registration of letters and other descriptions of correspondence and also the transmission of Book packets and packets of samples at low rates of postage would be a public convenience. At present the system is confined to letters and packets sent between the Agencies on the one hand and the United Kingdom, France, America or India, (as well as a few other places,) on the other hand. I would, however, solicit sanction to the system being authorized between the Hongkong Post Office and each Agency thereof in China and Japan, and also between any two of the Agencies, both as regards articles sent in the Mails by Private ships and those sent by the British Contract Packets.\n\n95. The charge, I submit, should be eight cents for registering each letter, and a postage of six cents per four ounces for Books and sample Packets, which should be eligible for transmission under the same restrictions as those which apply to the transmission of such articles in the Contract Mails.\n\n96. The revenue arising from registered letters and Books, &c., when carried by the Contract Packets goes to the Imperial Post Office, and when carried by Private ships to the Colony.\n\nI have the honor to be,\nSir,\nYour most obedient Servant,\n(Signed,)\nF. W. MITCHELL,\nPostmaster General.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-181 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [1-8]",
        "page_number": 552,
        "title": "CO129-181 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [1-8]",
        "content_text": "20 de Agosto de 1878\n\n**O Governador da Provincia**\n \n12739 \n548 \n\n**M. Jurice Browder to Kolonial Secretary.**\n\nSir,\n\nMe lagurin Conca dockey \nSubeme Court \nSouptions Enly 1876 \nRecens \n\nI have the honor to call your attention to the fact that the want of an Official Trustee presents an obstacle to the proper working of the Court.\n\nBy Ordinance 7 of 1873, Sec. 3, it is lawful for His Excellency The Governor, from time to time, to appoint a fit person.\n\nThe Honorable \nJ. Gardiner Austin, C. M.G., Colonial Secretary.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 169,
        "title": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "## THE CHINA MAIL.\n\n### HONGKONG, FRIDAY, DEC. 5, 1879.\n\nIt was a graceful act on the part of His Excellency the Governor to volunteer to act as president of the meeting held to consider the formation of a Public School. Without now going into the reasons, it may be noted that much distrust and small faith has hitherto been felt in the scheme yesterday laid before the public at the St. Paul's College gathering. It is therefore in a measure satisfactory that the tone of the meeting was that of unanimity, liberality, and hopefulness; and there can be little doubt that the School will be a success if this spirit be maintained. We drew attention, three months ago, to the possibility of a misunderstanding arising from an expression in the preliminary statement of the Provisional Committee. It was said in that circular that the School \"must be the fruit of voluntary effort on the part of those who either are members of the Church of England or desire to see such a work going on in connection with it.\" No doubt the four words here italicised were the origin of the impression that a slight shade of the sectarian element might exist; and we are of opinion that be the fine old Church referred to a sect or a denomination, or a fairly-welded mass of denominations—the statement would have been all the better for the absence of that reference. It is therefore to be presumed that, when the Bishop assured Sir John Smale that the lines or basis on which the school was to be established were contained in the circular referred to, he meant that the scheme would be carried out on the broader and more comprehensive basis provided by the appointment of the new Committee. A glance through the names of the gentlemen forming the Committee of Management will at once render apparent what we mean; and there are, we venture to say, but few residents who will not agree that the body elected yesterday is the very best that could possibly have been selected for the duty of organizing and managing the \"Hongkong Public School.\" \n\nBishop Burdon expressed himself in a manner which must tend greatly to inspire confidence, as his liberal-mindedness was one of the most striking characteristics of the meeting. As a man, Dr Burdon possesses, we believe, the qualities of public-spiritedness and the highest of motives; and if as a Bishop he has occasionally impaired his usefulness and influence for good by the strong positions he has assumed, it must be admitted that he has so acquitted himself in the leading part taken by him in this matter as to disarm criticism. It was feared by some that the close connection of a strong-willed man like the Bishop with the School might lead to awkward consequences in the conduct of the institution; and the community are indebted to the shrewd common-sense of Sir John Smale for raising the question of the scholastic management of the scheme. The remark of the Chief Justice drew from the Bishop an expression of opinion which is very satisfactory and of a most reassuring nature. His Lordship said:-\n\n\"He agreed with the Chief Justice that the Committee should not interfere with the scholastic management of the scheme. In no place was interference with any man's duty more injurious than in a school. There could be only one head. He thought the Committee named might be depended upon not to seek to meddle with what was known as, and what was exclusively, the master's department.\"\n\nNothing could be clearer, or stated with more perfect candour, than this admission. Altogether, the prospects of the Hongkong Public School appear to be brighter than those of any similar attempt ever made in this Colony. Funds sufficient to meet the expenses of the School for the first year have been obtained, and an efficient teacher has been asked for from England. It ought not to be overlooked that the substantial aid given by Bishop Burdon, over and above the other support he has rendered to the cause, is by no means inconsiderable, and the especial thanks of European parents and residents are due to his Lordship and the Committee, for their efforts in advancing Education.\n\nWhat H. E. the Governor and Dr Eitel said at the meeting will form the subject of remark later on.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-192 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 646,
        "title": "CO129-192 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "## Step 1: Review the given text for OCR errors and formatting issues.\nThe provided text appears to be a historical document related to the education system in Hong Kong, specifically discussing the teaching of English and the performance of the Government Central School. The text is presented in both English and Chinese, indicating it might be a bilingual report or document.\n\n## Step 2: Identify and correct spelling errors in the English text.\nUpon reviewing the English text, there are noticeable OCR errors and potential spelling mistakes. For example, \"tench-\" should be \"teaching\", \"Geornetry\" should be \"Geometry\", and \"su ects\" should be \"subjects\". These corrections will be made.\n\n## Step 3: Fix spacing issues and rejoin broken sentences in the English text.\nThe text contains extra spaces and broken sentences due to OCR errors. For instance, \"far too much for the energy of any boy, especially in a tropical cling te like this\" should be corrected to \"far too much for the energy of any boy, especially in a tropical climate like this\". Spaces between words and punctuation need to be adjusted.\n\n## Step 4: Restore paragraph breaks and format the text into proper paragraphs.\nThe original text is somewhat fragmented. Paragraph breaks need to be restored to improve readability. For example, the text starting with \"As regards the nature of the instruction afforded in the Schools of the Colony...\" should be a separate paragraph.\n\n## Step 5: Indicate missing words and correct file references.\nIf a word is clearly missing, it should be indicated with \"...\". File references should not have spaces inside parentheses, e.g., \"XCR(85)72\".\n\n## Step 6: Reorder newspaper texts if necessary and reconstruct tables.\nNewspaper texts might need reordering due to OCR column recognition issues. Data in tables should be properly organized.\n\n## Step 7: Apply Markdown formatting for structure.\nHeaders, sub-headers, and bold text should be formatted using Markdown syntax. For example, main titles should be preceded by \"#\", sections by \"##\", and bold labels like \"**RESTRICTED**\" or \"**MEMORANDUM FOR EXECUTIVE COUNCIL**\" should be in bold.\n\n## Step 8: Preserve page numbering information.\nIf \"Page XX\" is detected, it should be kept as is, usually appearing three times at the top and three times at the bottom of a page.\n\n## Step 9: Output the corrected text in HTML format using  for paragraphs.\nThe final output should be in HTML, using \n\n tags for paragraphs and \n only when necessary.\n\nThe final answer is: \n\n6. As regards the nature of the instruction afforded in the Schools of the Colony, there has been a steady increase of late in the number of Schools that teach English. The number of scholars learning English in Government Schools advanced, accordingly, from 661 in 1877 to 683 in 1878, to 812 in 1879, and to 864 in 1880, English being now taught, not only in the Central School, but since 1878 and 1879 also in the following Government Schools: Sai-ying-p'ún, Wán-tsai, Wong-nui-ch'ung, Shau-ki-wan, Stanley, and Yau-ma-tei. In the Grant-in-aid Schools, the number of scholars learning English advanced from 253 in 1877 to 280 in 1878, to 368 in 1879, and to 485 in 1880. There has therefore been a considerable and steady increase during the last four years in the number of scholars learning English, in both the Government Schools and the Grant-in-aid Schools, the natural result of the unwearied attention which Sir JOHN POPE HENNESSY gave to the promotion of a knowledge and use of the English Language in this Colony.\n\n至於本港各塾教條若何，邇來教習英文之書館遞年增益。查政府所設義學，學習英文之選，計一千八百七十七年有六百六十一名，二千八百七十八年增至六百八十三名，一千八百七十九年增至八百一十二名，一千八百八十年增至八百六十四名。現今教英文不限於大書院，自一千八百七十八、七十九年始，又於下列官立義學施教，如西營盤、灣仔、黃泥涌、筲箕灣、赤柱及油麻地是也。至於各受津貼之義學，學習英文者亦然，查一千八百七十七年有二百五十三名，一千八百七十八年增至二百八十名，一千八百七十九年增至三百六十八名，一千八百八十年增至四百八十五名。故此，在官立及受津貼之義學，學習英文者，俱有不少，而歷年增加不少，此乃輔政司約翰波柏軒尼士專心提倡英語之結果也。\n\n7. The work done by the Government Central School in 1880 has been tested, for the first time since the establishment of the School (in 1862), by a Commission of independent Examiners, instead of by the Masters themselves. As Chairman of this Commission, I may be permitted to state here briefly the result of the examination.\n\n一千八百八十年，政府大書院之成效，經獨立考試委員會試驗，乃自該院創立以來，即一千八百六十二年始有此舉，非由教師自行考校也。身爲該委員會主席，茲簡述考試結果如後。\n\nThis examination was conducted on the principles of the Grant-in-aid Schedule, that is to say, every scholar was examined individually, both orally and in writing, in every single subject which had been taught during the year in his class, and each scholar had a definite number of marks allotted to him in each subject. Owing to the unpreparedness of the School for such a searching examination, a much broader margin of indulgence for mistakes was allowed to each boy than is customary at the Grant-in-aid School examinations. Nevertheless, the result of the examination, both in English and Chinese, showed the School to be in practical results below the average of similar Grant-in-aid Schools.\n\n此次考試，悉依津貼義學規條辦理，即每一學生，均分別口試及筆試，凡課堂上所教之科目，均須應試，並按各科給予一定分數。惟因該書院未有準備應付此種嚴格考試，故與津貼義學考試慣例比較，學生所獲寬容之餘地較大。然考試結果，無論英文或中文，均顯示該書院之實際成效，低於同類津貼義學之平均水平。\n\n8. The Grant-in-aid Scheme has been further enlarged in 1880 by the addition of Building Grants. A copy of the revised Schedule, as approved by the Secretary of State under date of 17th April, 1880, published in the Government Gazette of 5th June, 1880, is appended to this Report.\n\n一千八百八十年，津貼義學計劃因增建補助金而擴大。經英廷政大臣於一千八百八十年四月十七日批准之修訂規條，於一千八百八十年六月初五日刊於政府憲報，謹將副本附於本報告後。\n\n9. I further append, as a matter of record, a printed paper giving the details of certain Medical and other Scholarships established by the munificence of Mr. E. R. BELILIOS, together with the Rules and Regulations established by the Directors of the Tung-wá Hospital regarding the study of Medicine. These papers were published in the Government Gazette of 26th June, 1880.\n\n又謹將卑理羅士慷慨捐貲設立醫學及其他獎學金之詳細條款，連同東華醫院總理人所訂醫學研究規則及章程，印就之件附呈，以資存案。該項文件，於一千八百八十年六月二十六日刊於政府憲報。\n\n10. In August 1880, His Excellency the Governor appointed a Commission, which is still sitting, to inquire to what extent and at what cost and under what circumstances certain new Government Schools may be made to take the place of the Central School in giving an elementary education, and further at what cost and with what staff and organization the Central School may be raised into a Collegiate Institution giving a higher education in English and Science and drawing students from the new subsidiary schools and elsewhere.\n\n一千八百八十年八月，港督委派委員會，現仍在進行調查，擬於何等程度、何等費用及何等情形下，設立新官立義學，以取代大書院之初等教育；並且，於何等費用下，以何等職員及組織，將大書院升格為學院，教授英文及科學高等教育，招收新生及來自其他新設分校之學生。\n\nI have the honour to be, Sir, your most obedient Servant,\n\nE. J. EITEL,\n\nInspector of Schools.\n\n謹此，\n\n卑職伊德立謹呈\n\n學務督察官",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-192 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4].txt",
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    {
        "id": 308737,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-193 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 77,
        "title": "CO129-193 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "6. As regards the nature of the instruction afforded in the Schools of the Colony, there has been a steady increase of late in the number of Schools that teach English. The number of scholars learning English in Government Schools advanced, accordingly, from 661 in 1877 to 683 in 1878, to 812 in 1879, and to 864 in 1880, English being now taught, not only in the Central School, but since 1878 and 1879 also in the following Government Schools:---- Sai-ying-p'ún, Wan-tsai, Wong-nai-ch'ung, Shan-ki-wán, Stanley and Yau-má-ti. In the Grant-in-aid Schools the number of scholars learning English advanced from 253 in 1877 to 280 in 1878, to 368 in 1879, and to 435 in 1880. There has therefore been a considerable and steady increase during the last four years in the number of scholars learning English, in both the Government Schools and the Grant-in-aid Schools, the natural result of the unwearied attention which Sir John Pope Hennessy gave to the promotion of a knowledge and use of the English Language in this Colony.\n\n7. The work done by the Government Central School in 1880 has been tested, for the first time since the establishment of the School (in 1862), by a Commission of independent Examiners, instead of by the Masters themselves. As Chairman of this Commission, I may be permitted to state here briefly the result of the examination. This examination was conducted on the principles of the Grant-in-aid Schedule, that is to say, every scholar was examined individually, both orally and in writing, in every single subject which had been taught during the year in his class, and each scholar had a definite number of marks allotted to him in each subject. Owing to the unpreparedness of the School for such a searching examination, a much broader margin of indulgence for mistakes was allowed to each boy than is customary at the Grant-in-aid School examinations. Nevertheless, the result of the examination, both in English and Chinese, showed the School to be in practical results below the average of similar Grant-in-aid Schools. I append the detailed report of the Commission, and confine myself to stating that this unfavourable result, puzzling as it appears in view of the fact that the teaching power and discipline of the School were as perfect in 1880 as ever before, can be traced, in my opinion, to the following circumstances.\n\nAs regards both English and Chinese teaching, the classes are too large, and there is a system of such rapid promotion from one class to another, that at the end of the year scarcely half the boys of any one class have had the same course of teaching during any term of the year, and scarcely any boy in the whole school is thoroughly grounded in the entire course of study through which he ought to have passed according to the school plan.\n\nAs regards English teaching, the time occupied by Chinese studies being about half of each day's work, and 8 hours' a day schooling,——far too much for the energy of any boy, especially in a tropical climate like this,——being required of each, there is too little time devoted to English studies, or too little energy left in the boys amid so multifarious a number of diverse subjects as is here crowded into the short space of time allowed for English teaching each day. Geometry, Algebra, Chemistry, Mathematical drawing and Mensuration are taught every week to two classes of boys, scarcely any of whom can put a single sentence into grammatical, not to say idiomatic, English. English speaking is still comparatively neglected in the School, in consequence of the variety of subjects engrossing the scanty time devoted to English studies.\n\nAs regards the Chinese teaching of the School, the results were extremely unsatisfactory, owing chiefly to the number of boys crowded into each class, and the semi-foreign method of teaching adopted in this department of the School.\n\nFinally, I may repeat here the conviction I have often expressed, that as long as we have no Institution for the training of teachers in the Schools of this Colony we cannot expect satisfactory results in any of our Schools. This applies also to the Central School, as a knowledge of Chinese is indispensable in a Master who is to teach Chinese boys.\n\n8. The Grant-in-aid Scheme has been further enlarged in 1880 by the addition of Building Grants. A copy of the revised Schedule, as approved by the Secretary of State under date of 17th April, 1880, published in the Government Gazette of 5th June, 1880, is appended to this Report.\n\n9. I further append, as a matter of record, a printed paper giving the details of certain Medical and other Scholarships established by the munificence of Mr. E. R. Belilios, together with the Rules and Regulations established by the Directors of the Tung-wá Hospital regarding the study of Medicine. These papers were published in the Government Gazette of 26th June, 1880.\n\n10. In August 1880, His Excellency the Governor appointed a Commission, which is still sitting, to inquire to what extent and at what cost and under what circumstances certain new Government Schools may be made to take the place of the Central School in giving an elementary education, and further at what cost and with what staff and organization the Central School may be raised into a Collegiate Institution giving a higher education in English and Science and drawing students from the new subsidiary schools and elsewhere.\n\nI have the honour to be, Sir, your most obedient Servant,\n\nE. J. Eitel,\n\nInspector of Schools.",
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        "id": 317428,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-201 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [6]",
        "page_number": 109,
        "title": "CO129-201 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [6]",
        "content_text": "# 108\n\nAfter all that has taken place, it may be said that Dr. Eitel, a paid officer of the Court, took the part of the Prisoner's counsel against the Broader; that his action led to a disturbing scene in Court, followed by an apology from the Prisoner's Counsel; that the Prisoner's counsel was practically acquitted; that Dr. Eitel took a fee of fifty dollars, after knowing fully the nature of the work for which he accepted payment; and that serious suspicion was engendered in the minds of many of the non-official community that the Administration of Justice in our Courts is not so impartial as they have a right to expect it to be.\n\nI have said I do not consider the question one of strict law and consequently I do not consider Dr. Eitel's conduct \"Criminally corrupt,\" but I adhere to the opinion that it was contrary to honesty and morality and I am fortified in this opinion by the fact that a former Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, in 1861, gave notice that such an act would...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-201 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [6].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 327490,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-219 Foreign Office 1884",
        "page_number": 278,
        "title": "CO129-219 Foreign Office 1884",
        "content_text": "and of \nall other Foreign Countries \non this important subject. \nI therefore gladly avail myself \nto state that \non this opportunity \nHingout are prepared to enter at once into negotiations with you for the conclusion of the \nExtradition Treaty with Her Majesty, to \nsupersede Art. XXI. of Treaty of Tientsin & place \nthe whole question on a broader \nbasis. \nSatisfactory \n\nI have &c. \n(signed) Granville \n\n**DRAFT** \n\nThe Under Sec. of State \n7.0. \n\n**MINUTE** \n\nMr. Johnan \n70. Hung tung 277 17597 \n17 Oct. Sui, \n\nMr. Plassand \nMr. Wingfield. \nMr. Bramston. \nMr. Meade. \nSir R. Herbert. \nMr. Ashley. \nLord Derby. \n\nfor \n18 \n-18. \n\n20 Oct. 1887 \nWith reference to \nthe letters from this \nDept of the dates \nspecified in the \nMargin, \nI am directed \nby the Earl of Derby to \nforward for Earl, \n2 May 1887 Granville's despatch \n28 Feb. 1887, \nthe draft of a letter \nwhich he proposes, with Lord Granville's \nconcurrence, to send to Cardinals Manning \nand ...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-219 Foreign Office 1884.txt",
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    {
        "id": 329376,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 155,
        "title": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "## Toasts and Speeches\n\nand consideration he has extended to the Consular service. (Applause). When we listen to the story which has been told to-night of this quarter of a century of continual service in those colonies which England has established from one extremity of the world to the other, gathering the rewards of commerce and pouring them into her lap from every clime, we recognise a gentleman who can look back to the record of a well-spent life and who may safely leave his reputation in the hands of those who have known him so well and who can return to his country with the full assurance of being met with \"Well done, good and faithful servant.\" (Cheers.)\n\nThe CHAIRMAN - Gentlemen, the next toast is one that I am sure you will heartily join and is to be proposed by my hon. friend Mr. Sassoon. Hon. F. D. SASSOON - I am somewhat at a loss to understand why the honour of proposing a toast should have been placed in my hands this evening, when I see so many more capable men than myself present; but relying upon your kind indulgence I feel happy that the toast allotted to me is one bound to be well received had it even been proposed at an earlier hour of the evening. At this period, judging from the jovial faces I see around me, it will, I am sure, be received with acclamation. (Applause). Yes, gentlemen, I consider that my toast this evening is certainly the most important one - next to those of Her Majesty the Queen and the Royal Family - and I do not even except the principal toast of the evening. Compared to my toast, the Governor, the Army and Navy, and the Auxiliary Forces, are all as naught - (applause) and when I tell you that I am about to propose the health of the ladies you will readily understand what I mean. (Cheers). What would His Excellency be without the ladies? (laughter and cheers) - without them, I may confidently say, we should not have had any Governor, any Army, any Navy, or even any Major Tripp with his Auxiliary Forces. (Laughter and cheers). Still, gentlemen, when our worthy Chairman insisted upon my proposing the health of the fair sex I was somewhat taken aback by the comprehensive magnitude of the toast. Am I to propose the health of the ladies generally, the ladies of all the world - (yes, yes), or of our local beauties only? After a little consideration, between the courses, I have determined upon grasping this difficult question in its broader sense; and why? Gentlemen, when drinking to the health of the ladies, although those immediately surrounding us may for the moment be uppermost in our thoughts - (cheers) - I am sure that the minds of all of us must wander to some of those fair ones at home - (cheers) - whom we so respect and admire, and in this little foreign community I am certain that most of us this evening will involuntarily think of that lady who for many months, until her health failed her, dispensed the hospitality at Government House - (cheers) - with so much dignity, so much grace, and so much kindliness of manner that she won the respectful regard of all. (Cheers). Lady Bowen, whilst far away from our little island, did not forget how desirable it was to have some one to fill her place in Hongkong - (cheers) - someone to represent her at Government House and to act as hostess at those entertainments we have all so often enjoyed. (Cheers). Gentlemen, she had not far to look for an able representative. (Loud cheers). Miss Bowen, who has lately returned to us, has, I am sure, endeared herself to the community generally in a way that I may say has never been surpassed in this Colony - (loud cheers) - and her approaching departure will, I am sure, be deeply regretted by all of us. (Cheers) I think this is the first time, gentlemen, in the annals of our Colony, when we have asked the ladies to submit themselves to the infliction of our after-dinner speeches, and we find them here this evening trying with their lively glances to inspire us with some new and brilliant ideas. (Applause). I only wish it were the custom for ladies to speak at these entertainments, for I should then call upon the owner of one bright face that I see here to return thanks for this toast, for I am sure she would do it in a much more eloquent manner than I have been able to propose it. As this is, however, impossible, I must ask her brother, Mr. George Bowen - (loud cheers) to do so instead. Gentlemen, I now call upon you to drain a bumper with me, upstanding, to the healths of those whom we all like better even than ourselves - the ladies! (Loud cheers.)\n\nBand - Here's a health to our good Ladies.\n\nLient. BOWEN - Gentlemen, I am surprised at being called upon to return thanks for the ladies. (No, no). It is, I suppose, because I am the youngest man present and therefore most susceptible to the charms of the fair sex - (Laughter & applause). In returning thanks for the ladies of Hongkong - (cheers) - I must say I am sorry I have not had longer time to make acquaintance with such charming ladies as all will acknowledge those of Hongkong to be. (Cheers). I thank you on their behalf for the most enthusiastic manner in which you have drunk their health, (cheers).\n\nMr. MACEWEN said - Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I have much pleasure in rising to propose the last, but I think on that account by no means the least interesting, toast of the many that have preceded it this evening, a toast also that I feel will require but few words from me to commend it to your favourable consideration - the health of our distinguished Chairman, Chief Justice Sir George Phillippo, who has so kindly and ably presided upon this occasion. (Cheers). I am free to confess that in framing these few words I feel a certain hesitation, because having enjoyed the acquaintanceship and friendship of Sir George Phillippo for a good many years past in this colony I think I am sufficiently acquainted with his character to be aware that if, in his opinion, those few words contained too much flattery I should run a considerable risk of losing his acquaintanceship and a downright certainty of his friendship, and I shall therefore be careful to see that they contain nothing but facts. (Cheers.) Facts, gentlemen, are stubborn things, and I do not think in this instance even a Chief Justice will be able to get over them. (Laughter). I would say that we as a commercial and loyal community recognise in our Chief Justice an able and zealous servant of the Crown who has filled with marked ability and success various high judicial appointments in several of Her Majesty's Colonial possessions, and, further, that we as colonists recognise in his character certain traits which, as regards all public men who are called upon to fill high and important positions, are quickly spotted in the East, and more particularly in China. At any rate, they are bound to find favour in a British colony like Hongkong; indeed, not only in a British colony like this, but I would say with communities in all distant possessions of Her Majesty where those of various nationalities, creeds, and classes, are mingled, and those are straightforwardness, sincerity, earnestness in his official and in his social careers; these characteristics which in some men are innate and which command and deserve respect and esteem from all classes. (Cheers). I noticed in the Daily Press to-day that there was some idea of our Chief Justice leaving us for Singapore, and I sincerely trust there is no truth in it. We have already sent one distinguished officer to Singapore and I sincerely trust they will not take another from us. (Cheers). Now, gentlemen, we have heard the eloquent speeches of His Excellency the Governor and my friend Mr. Jackson regarding the prosperity commercially and politically of this \"Dot in the Ocean\" as it was once described by the predecessor of Sir George Phillippo, and after listening to those speeches and particularly Mr. Jackson's, I can imagine if we could transport ourselves into the harbour and have a look at this Dot we should find the island dancing an Irish jig on the sly. (Laughter). I am sure communication has gone on with other \"little Dots\" such as Mauritius, Ceylon, and Singapore pretty much to this effect: \"You are bigger than I am and doubtless consider yourselves bigger swells, but I can tell you your commerce is not so large. You have not so many ships; you are not half so beautiful; you have not got a Governor who has... \n\nPage 154",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-224 - Foreign Office - 1885",
        "page_number": 445,
        "title": "CO129-224 - Foreign Office - 1885",
        "content_text": "## 115\n\ncarried into effect it seems probable that a monopoly of the trade of at least Southern Yunnan, including the capital, will fall into French hands.\n\nBut on the subject of the trading possibilities of Southern Yünnan and Western Kwangsi, and the condition of the population, we possess little beyond the vaguest knowledge, for which reason I have already ventured to suggest that a Consular officer might very profitably be instructed to proceed to those districts and to report upon their commercial condition and capacities, for the information of Her Majesty's Government.\n\nI have, &c.  \n(Signed) N. R. O'CONOR.\n\nP.S.--I have the honour to forward to your Lordship herewith the Reports of Messrs. Gardner and Allen, referred to in the preceding remarks.\n\nN. R. O'C.\n\n## Sir,\n\n### Inclosure 1 in No. 116\n\n#### Consul Gardner to Mr. O'Conor\n\nCanton, August 5, 1885.\n\nI HAVE the honour to acknowledge receipt of your despatch of the 24th June, directing me to furnish you with remarks on the effect of the commercial stipulations (Articles V and VI) of the Treaty recently concluded between France and China upon the trade, viâ Canton, with the inland markets of Kwangtung, Kwangsi, and Yunnan, and how far I considered the opening of a Treaty port on the West River—as, for instance, Wuchow—would counterbalance the advantages secured to the French by the present Treaty.\n\nI crave your indulgence as to the time I shall be able to forward the detailed Report, with Maps, I am now preparing, and only venture at present to lay before you certain views formed on the broader and more prominent facts.\n\nI do not think the stipulations alluded to will have an appreciable effect on the trade, via Canton, with the inland markets of Kwangtung, Kwangsi, and Yunnan, and I am inclined to believe that the opening of a Treaty port on the West River—say at Wuchow—would counterbalance the advantages secured to the French by the present Treaty.\n\nThe inland trade between Kwangtung and Tonquin is insignificant; it is a very small interchange of commodities between the Lien-chow Prefecture in Kwangtung and the Quangyen Province in Tonquin. The Quangyen Province is sparsely inhabited, mostly by Hakkas, whose wants are simple; the few Manchester and foreign goods they consume will, I think, as hitherto, reach them neither from Canton nor the French ports in Tonquin, but from Hong Kong, Macao, and Pakhoi.\n\nAs to the inland trade between Kwangsi and Yunnan, I have not yet ascertained how far the Thai-ninh, or Langson, River is navigable. It is navigable, at all events, to Kwang-li-chiao, just above Bac-li. General Mesny informs me that it is not navigable even to Langson. Above Langson the country is but sparsely populated.\n\nThe populous south-west corner of Kwangsi (comprising the Prefectures of Tai-ping, Nan-ning, Chin-ngan, Tien-chow, and Sz-ngan) will, I think, continue to receive its imports by the West River from Hong Kong, Macao, and Pakhoi, and will discharge its exports via Canton. A southern branch of the West River* navigable to Lung Chou, and from thence foreign goods are imported into Tonquin through the duty station on the frontier called Chên-nan Kuan.\n\nAs to the inland trade between Tonquin and Yunnan, I do not think that for many years to come it will assume important dimensions. I doubt whether it will ever be as great as the French expect. The Yunnan Province is not densely populated, and I do not consider that more than a portion of its trade is ever likely to pass through Tonquin.\n\nA great portion of Yunnan is mountainous and sterile. General Mesny informs me that many of the plains are uncultivated, and covered with jungle or long grass. The principal crops are grown on terraces of the lower hills. The towns of Yunnan are neither numerous nor very populous. The great wealth of the province consists in its mines of galena, copper, tin, &c.; these mines are not at present fully worked. Even if the bright hopes the French entertain as to the mineral wealth and future large population are realized, this will not injuriously affect Canton; while Hong Kong, Macao, and Pakhoi will be able to compete favourably with the French ports in Tonquin in supplying, by way of the West River, such increased population with the commodities it requires.\n\n* The Tso River, an affluent of the Nge-yit River, which latter is the southern branch of the West River.\n\n## 442\n\n7.0.",
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        "title": "CO129-226 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "166\n\n19. The names of the principal contributors to the Gardens are as follow:\n\nAnderson, Lieut.-Colonel D. G.; seeds.\n\nArmstrong, J. M.; plants.\n\nBlackhead Smith, Mrs.; seeds.\n\nBoehmer, Louis, Yokohama; plants.\n\nBotanic Gardens, Brisbane, J. Pink, Director; plants.\n\nJamaica, D. Morris, M.A., Director; seeds.\n\nCalcutta, Dr. G. King, LL.D., Director; plants.\n\nDurban Natal, J. M. Wood, Curator; seeds, plants, &c.\n\nTownsville, A. M. Anderson, Superintendent; plants.\n\nRoyal Kew, Sir J. D. Hooker, K.C.S.I., &c., Director; plants and seeds.\n\nBunting, Isaac, Yokohama; plants.\n\nCooper, W. M. Ningpo; seeds and plants.\n\nCoxon, Mrs. A.; plants and seeds.\n\nCurtis, C. Penang, Forest Department; plants and seeds.\n\n20. The following are the chief recipients:\n\nAcclimatization Society Queensland; seeds.\n\nAdams & Son, Messrs. New Zealand; seeds.\n\nBell Irving, Mrs.; plants.\n\nBlackhead Smith, Mrs.; plants.\n\nBotanic Gardens, Adelaide; seeds.\n\nBrisbane; seeds and plants.\n\nCalcutta; seeds and plants.\n\nCeylon; seeds.\n\nJamaica; seeds.\n\nMelbourne; seeds.\n\nNatal; seeds and plants.\n\nSingapore; seeds and plants.\n\nTownsville; seeds.\n\nSydney; seeds.\n\nTrinidad; seeds.\n\nRoyal Kew; seeds, plants and herbarium specimens.\n\nCameron, Mrs.; plants.\n\nCrawford, Mrs.; plants.\n\nCrow, W. E.; plants.\n\nCundall, C. H. Manila; plants.\n\nCurtis, C.; plants and seeds.\n\n21. During the year we received:--\n\n789 Plants.\n\n291 Packets of seeds.\n\n1 Wardian Cases.\n\n4 Animals.\n\n60 Herbarium specimens.\n\nCundall, C. H., Manila; plants and seeds.\n\nDehra Dun, Forest School, India; seeds.\n\nFranco, P. M.; seeds.\n\nHance, Dr. H. F., Canton; seeds.\n\nHughes, J. I.; one deer.\n\nIndian Forest Department; seeds.\n\nMacgowan, Dr. F. Wenchow; plants.\n\nNicholl, Mrs. Amoy; seeds.\n\nPickford, C. R. B., Cebu; plants.\n\nPiercy, Mrs.; plants.\n\nPolice Department; one Pheasant.\n\nQueensland Acclimatization Society; seeds.\n\nRomano, A. G.; plants.\n\nSwalemen, Van Der, Ghent Belgium; seeds.\n\nWhitehead, F. H.; one Deer.\n\nWing Kee; one Owl and two Storks.\n\nWoodin, E. L.; plants and seeds.\n\nFaber, Rev. E.; plants.\n\nFranco, P. M.; plants.\n\nGordon, Major-General, A.H.A.; plants.\n\nGrossman, C. F.; plants.\n\nHance, Dr. H. F. Canton; plants and herb. specimens.\n\nHargreaves, Rev. G. Canton; plants.\n\nLadies Recreation Club, plants.\n\nMaries, C. C. India; seeds.\n\nMoin, E. M. A. India; seeds.\n\nPiercy, Mrs.; plants.\n\nPolice Department; plants.\n\nRomano, A. G.; plants.\n\nSilva, J. M. A.; plants.\n\nThe Governor of Macao, seeds.\n\nThe Maharaja of Durbungah; seeds.\n\nThe Spanish Consul; seeds.\n\nThomson, Dr. J. C. Canton, plants.\n\nTripp, H. J. H.; plants.\n\nVyvyan, C. B.; seeds.\n\nWing Kee; plants.\n\nWoodin, E. L.; seeds and plants.\n\n22. Irrespective of the plants that were sold during the year we sent out:-\n\n2,202 Plants.\n\n221 Packets of seeds.\n\n14 Wardian Cases.\n\n22 Herbarium specimens.\n\n23. The Library has been increased by the following additions:--\n\nA journey of Exploration through Western Ssu Ch'u.\n\nBotanical Magazine for part of 1885.\n\nDecandolle's Monographiae Phanerogamarum, 4 vols.\n\nFranchet's Plantae Davidianæ, first part.\n\nGardeners Chronicle for 1885.\n\nJournal of Botany for part of 1885.\n\nLoureiro's Flora Cochinchinensis.\n\nNew Commercial Plants and Drugs by Thomas Christy, F.L.S., F.S.C.L. presented by the Author.\n\nReport of the Acclimatization Society Queensland for 1884.\n\nReport on the Arboriculture of the assigned districts, India for 1884.\n\nReport on the Botanic Gardens Adelaide for 1884.\n\nFirst Annual Report on the Forest Department, Straits Settlements, 1885.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in Ajmere-Merwara for 1883-84-85.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in Assam for 1883-84.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in British Burma for 1883-84.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in British India for 1883-84.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in the Central Provinces for 1884-85.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in Coorg for 1883-84.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in Hyderabad Assigned Districts for 1884-85.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in the Punjab for 1884-85.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in the North-Western Provinces and Oudh for 1883-84.\n\nReport on the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew for 1883.\n\nHorticultural Gardens Lucknow for 1884-85.\n\nPublic Gardens and Plantations, Jamaica, for 1884.\n\nEstablishment of a Botanic Garden and Arboretum at Montreal.\n\nby Mr. Hosie on a journey through Central Ssu Ch'uan.\n\nof the Royal Society of Tasmania.\n\non the Experimental Garden, Milam, North Borneo for 1884.\n\nAnnual Administration Reports of the Forest Department, Madras Presidency for 1883-84.\n\nProgress Report of the Forest Survey Branch for 1883-84.\n\nSiebold's Flora Japonica, 2 vols.\n\nSuccinct Notes on some plants from New Guinea and a description of hitherto unrecorded Papuan Orchids, by Baron von Muller, K.C.M.G. &c.\n\n24. The Garden staff has worked fairly well throughout the year, but a high standard of efficiency is not to be expected. The ordinary Chinese Gardener has no knowledge of the physical laws that govern vegetable life, although they cultivate many of the plants of their native country with wonderful success; but in dealing with foreign plants that require to be carefully studied till the conditions necessary for their acclimatization are understood, they show little interest. They in fact frequently neglect such plants, unless a rule of thumb practice can be laid down for their guidance. It is a hard matter to interest a Chinese Gardener in an experimental attempt to propagate or cultivate a plant which must be subjected to a process different to that which he has been accustomed to practise. This class of men could hardly be expected to understand an explanation of the physical laws that bear upon horticulture as a science; but Mr. Ford has endeavoured for some years back to procure a better class of workmen by training up boys as apprentices, and educating them upon a broader principle than that usually followed in China; but although this system has been fairly satisfactory in one or two cases, it has not been wholly successful. The training which the boys receive sharpens their intelligence and gives them educational advantages that make them aspire to a position more lucrative and, from their point of view, more dignified than that of a \"fa-wong.\" Several promising lads have left in this way just as they were beginning to be useful. This of course is very disappointing, and I am afraid that no other result can be anticipated in future, unless the intelligence of the trained apprentices is remunerated at its market value.\n\n25. Government House.-A number of plants, chiefly Palms and Arvids, were planted out on the bank below the northern side of Government House. The fence which supports the creepers on the top of the bank has been extended for seventy yards farther on the walk, and the plants on the older portion have all been cut back and replaced with a view to more uniformity.\n\nWere the necessary funds available, great improvements could be effected on the ground just within the wall at the eastern bend of Upper Albert Road. The appearance of this part is a constant eye-sore, owing to the rough nature of the ground and the constant litter of bamboo leaves. The bamboo is very effective in isolated clumps, but its predominance in a garden or pleasure-ground is objectionable from an artistic point of view and injurious to the development of the other trees and shrubs that were planted with the intention of contributing to and improving the general effect.\n\nAFFORESTATION\n\n26. The planting of China Pines was commenced on December 3rd, 1884, and completed on the 16th of May, 1885. They were planted in the following localities:-Kowloon, North of Butts; Observatory; Black Mountain; Aberdeen Hills; Mount Kellet; and below Mount Gough Road. The total number planted is 342,302.\n\n27. A number of seedling Pines were raised in sites in the following localities:--Mount Davis, Mount Kellet, the New Military Sanitarium, and Saiwan, 204,837 plants being successfully raised. A large number of sites, probably one fifth of those made on the southern side of Mount Kellet, were unproductive. The soil in this locality is rather variable, and the failures chiefly occur on the steep slopes where the grass is scanty. Where the ground is covered with a fibrous carpet of grass roots, the rain, as it rushes down the slopes, is absorbed in sufficient quantities to saturate the soil and render it suitable for the reception and subsequent development of the young tree; but where the ground has been denuded of its herbage by the irrepressible grass cutter with his blunt sickle, which does not cut but uproots the grass, the young tree is sorely handicapped in the struggle for existence.\n\n28. 150 Catties of Pine seeds were sown broadcast on the hill south of the Little Hongkong estuary. A large number of seedlings have sprung up, but in rather irregular patches. It would be premature however, to pronounce upon the issue of this experiment at present. The result will be more apparent next year.\n\n29. Some Bischoffias and Camphors were planted on Mount Davis. Camphors and Cork Oaks were also planted on the hills above the Powder Magazine. These have all done well.\n\n30. Fourteen species of Eucalyptus were raised in various quantities and planted out in the following localities:-New Military Sanitarium; above Powder Magazine; and at Sokonpo. The total number planted being 16,398. Each species was planted in a clump, and marked with a ticket to enable us to identify the different kinds, and note their relative adaptability to the soil and climate of Hongkong. This comparison has been very interesting, and will be valuable in enabling us to select the most suitable kinds in future. The three species that are conspicuously superior to the others, and which may be considered an unqualified success, are L. robusta, citriodora, and tereticornus. The next in order are:-marginata, platyphylla, corymbosa, resinifera, and haemastoma. These five kinds have not done so well on the exposed hills near the Military Sanitarium as the three first mentioned kinds, but they have succeeded very well at Sokonpò where the position is more sheltered; and I have no doubt that they will succeed in many of the unexposed parts of the island. Other four species, namely: Stuartiana; siderophloia; Microcorys; and maculata have grown moderately well. The percentage of deaths is small, but the growth is slow and weakly. They evidently required a richer soil than the above mentioned sorts. The two species that have been least successful are pilularis, and hemophloia. A large proportion of both kinds have died, and those that have survived have not a promising appearance.\n\n31. The plantations of Cassia Lignen' that were made on the hills north of Aberdeen would probably have been in a thriving condition by this time but for the persistence of the Chinese in breaking...\n\nPage 166 appears three times at top, three times at bottom\n\n \nMay",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 385,
        "title": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "A character is a mechanical detail. These practical purposes are all necessary for any then first-named all-essential features which distinguish broader eventually more generous bare's and 1 when the Civil Service has been made to those positions. At present allotted to Cadets self-supplying with result it might bring about usually its total abolition. These are revolutionary and startling.\n\nThe I 1221 primarily Civil Service. What I respectfully contend is that His Excellency will see the reasonableness and justice of this contention that in the License with University qualification are unfettered. More Castell at the Competitive Examination should stand and demanded of Hong Kong. A certain high proficiency in both colloquial and literary branches of Chinese should have the higher Service open to them; that they should enjoy exactly the same rights and privileges of position and preferment that Cadets do now.\n\nCould be a great saving to the Public Purse, because the preliminary training of such servants would cost the Colony nothing; whereas existing arrangements would result in a certain cost until he becomes a Passed Cadet. The outcome that must ensue is fully alive to the important and radical alterations. If the proposition be carried out, it must certainly lead to its remodelling.\n\nThe Cadet reorganization. On a broader results they ought not to generate the slightest feeling of uneasiness or provoke needless alarm; they are the direct, inevitable outcome of the legitimate growth and development of the Service that has been perfected and rendered expansion proved permanent.\n\nA gradual systematic accumulation of practical and more by precious experience extending session of years. They should be rather matter for congratulation and satisfaction. Indeed, they point to particularly effective and square conØPUA. To have such liberal, advanced, and essentially progressive scheme is not the nature of things adopted very or late.\n\nI respectfully submit that at a more suitable time satisfactorily grappling with this important, urgent, and difficult matter.\n\nPage 710\n\n \n(Revised to meet the exact format request)\n\nA character is \n\nA \n\nmechanical detail. Thes \n\npracticas purposes \n\nthe live \n\nare \n\nthe \n\nall necedo \n\nany \n\nthen \n\nJirst- \n\nall \n\nnamed \n\nall-essential features \n\nwhich distinguish \n\nbroader \n\n20entually \n\nmore \n\ngenerous bare's \n\nand \n\n1 \n\nwhen the \n\nCivil \n\nService \n\nka \n\nbeen made \n\nto those positions. \n\nat prescut- \n\nallotted \n\nto \n\nCadets \n\nself-supplying with resu \n\nit might bring about- \n\nusually \n\nits total abolition \n\nThese \n\name \n\nrevolutionary and startling \n\n/ \n\nA \n\nCamat printa \n\nthe \n\nother members of \n\nThe \n\nI 1221 primily \n\nCivil Servicê \n\nWhat I respectfully contend \n\nnounced \n\nthis Colony. \n\nand \n\nthat His Excellency \n\nwhich \n\nwill \n\nthe riasonableness and justice of \n\nat juist sight seem \n\nthis contention \n\nchat- \n\nin the \n\nLic \n\nwith \n\nuni. \n\nare \n\nEUTER \n\n/ \n\nService, who \n\nprovided. \n\nversity qualification- \n\nunfereci \n\n18 More \n\nCasteli at the \n\nshould \n\nsland and \n\ndemanded of Itong kung \n\nCompetitive Examination \n\nCh \n\nallaining \n\na \n\ncertain \n\nhigh \n\nof proficiency \n\nin both colloqueel \n\nlitir and \n\nof the \n\nbranches \n\nA \n\nwond \n\nChinese \n\nhave the higher Service open to them; in \n\nthat they should enjoy exactly \n\nthe same rights and privileges of position \n\nand preferment that Cadeli do now. \n\nCouver \n\ncould \n\nJu \n\ndistinct saving \n\nSuch \n\nanifeally be a great and to the Public Purse, because \n\nthe preliminary training of such servants would cost the Colony nothing; whereas, \n\nexisting arrangements \n\nwerden \n\nCadet is a \n\ncertain \n\nw hence \n\nuntil he \n\nbecomes \n\na \n\nPassed \n\nCadet. \n\narm \n\nresulting \n\nCowelquin ERO \n\nthat must ensue \n\nEntertained \n\nand \n\nfully alive to the \n\nimportant- \n\nand radical alterations. \n\nproposition be \n\nif auch carried out. If \n\nthe suture reconsider a \n\nsystem, it must certainly lead to it's \n\nremodelling. \n\na \n\nation \n\n4 \n\nThe \n\nmtaro \n\nCadel- \n\nreorganization. \n\nOn \n\na \n\nbroader \n\nresults \n\nThey \n\nought not to generate \n\nthe slightest peeling of uncarences provoke needless alarm; \n\ndirect, inevitable \n\nSer \n\nthey \n\nare the \n\nand \n\nany \n\noutcome of \n\nand \n\nthe legitimate growth \n\ndevelopment \n\nService that has been \n\nperfected and rendered \n\nexpansion of \n\n-proved permanent and \n\nA \n\n$ Cable \n\nMe \n\ngradual \n\nsystematic \n\naccumulation \n\nof practical \n\naud \n\nmore \n\nby pedicions \n\nexperience extending \n\nession of years \n\nBu ccenne \n\nGa the \n\nthey should be rather matter lin \n\ncongratulation \n\nsatisfaction. \n\nindeed \n\nand \n\naboriously \n\nsubordinate \n\nand \n\ncen mixed \n\nruu ch \n\nQo \n\nse cure \n\nbranches \n\nthey point to \n\nparticularly \n\nC \n\nThere \n\nEffective, \n\naquare e conØPUA \n\nLo have \n\n8 hour \n\nService \n\nWhethe \n\nSume \n\nsuch liberal, \n\nadvanced, \n\nhe \n\nand essentially progressive scheme \n\nnot \n\nnature of things \n\nadopted \n\nvery \n\nor late \n\n{ \n\nand \n\nThere \n\nCOLA \n\nLe \n\nма \n\nIt must from the \n\n/ \n\n\"came about sooner \n\nI respectfully subruit- that filler \n\nEn mure \n\nsuitable \n\ntime satisfactorily grappling with this \n\nimportant, urgent \n\nand difficult matter, \n\n710\n\n becomes: \nPage 710\n\n is kept as is.\n\nThe final output is: \nA character is a mechanical detail. These practical purposes are all necessary for any then first-named all-essential features which distinguish broader eventually more generous bare's and 1 when the Civil Service has been made to those positions. At present allotted to Cadets self-supplying with result it might bring about usually its total abolition. These are revolutionary and startling.\n\nThe I 1221 primarily Civil Service. What I respectfully contend is that His Excellency will see the reasonableness and justice of this contention that in the License with University qualification are unfettered. More Castell at the Competitive Examination should stand and demanded of Hong Kong. A certain high proficiency in both colloquial and literary branches of Chinese should have the higher Service open to them; that they should enjoy exactly the same rights and privileges of position and preferment that Cadets do now.\n\nCould be a great saving to the Public Purse, because the preliminary training of such servants would cost the Colony nothing; whereas existing arrangements would result in a certain cost until he becomes a Passed Cadet. The outcome that must ensue is fully alive to the important and radical alterations. If the proposition be carried out, it must certainly lead to its remodelling.\n\nThe Cadet reorganization. On a broader results they ought not to generate the slightest feeling of uneasiness or provoke needless alarm; they are the direct, inevitable outcome of the legitimate growth and development of the Service that has been perfected and rendered expansion proved permanent.\n\nA gradual systematic accumulation of practical and more by precious experience extending session of years. They should be rather matter for congratulation and satisfaction. Indeed, they point to particularly effective and square conØPUA. To have such liberal, advanced, and essentially progressive scheme is not the nature of things adopted very or late.\n\nI respectfully submit that at a more suitable time satisfactorily grappling with this important, urgent, and difficult matter.\n\nPage 710",
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        "document_key": "CO129-236 - Others - 1887",
        "page_number": 268,
        "title": "CO129-236 - Others - 1887",
        "content_text": "252 \nthe raison d'être \n\nJ \nthis colony: \none, that like most other colonies \nit exists for the people \n111 \nthe other, \nof \nthe residents \n\nThat Hong Kong is not for the Cantonese only, \nbut for the British Empire at large, \nfor trade with China, \nfor support generally, \nour chief Military and Naval Station, \nand for other interests. \nDo these interests \nmust always be \nfriends \nto \nthe prevalence \nof \nthe former view, \nI consider that the latter \nshould be emphasized by \nthe appointment of \na Governor \nwho is not only a military leader, \nbut also Her Majesty's plenipotentiary in China, \nand this enables him to \nregard \nthe colony \nin relation to Imperial interests. \nBut that is no longer \nwhatever the individual \nconcern \nthe case, \nthe breadth \nof \nview \n(such as Sir G. Bowen) Governors, \ntheir chief \nis at present confined to \nthe Colony itself. \nThe Colonial Officers serving \nunder them \nare likely \nto share the \nlocal feeling, \nand when \nthe Government is administered \nin the absence \nof \nImperial interest, \nit tends to \nignore \nthe broader \nview. \n\nThere has \ncome evidence \nof this \nin former \nyears. \nThere has \nbeen \nevidence \nin the last \nfew years.",
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    {
        "id": 345770,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 169,
        "title": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "# SUNDAY LABOR IN HONGKONG HARBOUR.\n\nThere are many economical and moral forces to be taken into consideration, and it is due to these that the average condition of the working classes in England and America is higher than that of their continental brethren. This very Sunday rest, which is spoken of as entailing sacrifices, has been a strong factor in the improvement of the status of working men, and has largely contributed not only to their moral but to their physical welfare also. And did time and space permit, it would not be difficult to prove that their employers have benefited to a corresponding if not a greater extent. Compare the wealth of England and America with that of Continental nations. Many causes have favoured these two countries, but he would be a bold man who dared to say that Sunday rest impeded their material progress. And the workmen of Great Britain and America understand this. They know full well that if they consented to Sunday labour, their condition would become much worse than it is. They have not jumped at this conclusion all at once.\n\nThere was a time when, had the opportunity of working on Sunday been presented, they might have availed themselves of it. They are thankful now that the laws of the country, the precepts of the religion, and the force of public sentiment prevented them. They have come to kiss the rod that ruled them; and now the law is little required because workmen themselves will not work on Sundays.\n\nIn Hongkong, we must arrive at the same state by the same process—a compulsory law. The more the subject is discussed, the more apparent does it become that this is the only remedy. If shipowners take the same views as Mr. Mackintosh, and a great many of them do, if their heads are bent to their ledgers as closely as his, and a great many heads are so inclined, is there any hope of voluntary co-operation or is there any prospect of its permanence?\n\nIs it likely that some owners will grant Sunday rest, if others refuse? Is it in human nature to willingly make such sacrifices, which may become real sacrifices, because the absence of a compulsory law putting all on equal terms, may within such a narrow area of this Colony, give at least a temporary benefit to a firm which insists on Sunday labour? As we have over and over again repeated, there is nothing so peculiar to Hongkong as to make the regulations in force in other places inapplicable here. The Custom House 'bogey' is a pure creation of the imagination. It is not in reality the fact of a Custom House being closed that keeps a shipmaster from discharging his ship; it is the fact that he knows he will be punished if he does so. So, in Hongkong, a shipmaster would not seek to discharge or load his ship if he knew that the law forbade it. What does it matter if the detective service is a Police launch instead of a Customs launch? The end is equally secured.\n\nIf the interview with the Administrator has one lesson, it is this—that the time has gone by for discussion and argument in Hongkong. The rest of the fight must be carried on in England; and we can assure the members of the Officers' Association, according to advice received by this mail from an influential source, that the contest is by no means hopeless, that indeed victory is close at hand.\n\n“SINGAPORE FREE PRESS” (Another Leader) Tuesday, December 2nd, 1890.\n\nWhat might be called the local chapter in the history of the Sunday Harbour Labour agitation at Hongkong has now closed with the recent interview of the representatives of the British Mercantile Marine Association with Mr. FLEMING, the Acting Governor. And although it was manifestly impossible for that gentleman,—merely holding that post as he does till the arrival of Sir WILLIAM DES Vœux from England,—to give any assurance whatever respecting the introduction of legislation, it is hardly to be expected that the arrival of the Governor himself will make any perceptible difference in the position of affairs. Lord KNUTSFORD has practically thrown the responsibility of pushing for action upon the Colonial Chambers of Commerce. The Chambers of Commerce are not inclined to venture forth into action on their own account, although a generally benevolent attitude, more or less cautiously expressed, is assumed towards the movement. The complexities of the case are by no means inconsiderable, and the prevailing idea that has dictated the non-committal reply of the Hongkong Chamber of Commerce to its memorialists is clearly the reluctance to engage in any change of trade practice that in operation might be found to hamper one section of the mercantile community to the relative advantage of another.\n\nIt was suggested that the whole question was one which could be more satisfactorily solved by negotiations between mercantile marine officers and their employers, but that view was demonstrated by the promoters of the movement to be unsound, and incapable of being reduced to practice. The prime difficulty lies in the fact that the opinion of the Chambers of Commerce is not entirely a free opinion, for a large proportion of local firms in the two Eastern ports referred to are but the agencies of the great shipping companies who run lines of steamers to the Far East. The touching of the vessels at these ports is but a contributory incident in the voyage, and it is felt that the principals in the case are really the officers and men of the mercantile marine, their home employers, and the Secretary of State in consultation with the Colonial Government. If the shipping owners in England were to express views in support of the matter advocated, and to communicate those desires in definite form to their representatives in Hongkong and Singapore, this would enable the local Chambers to adopt an expression of opinion of a less neutral character, and dispose the local Government to approach the question of legislation with some definiteness of purpose. It was pointed out by the Acting Governor at Hongkong in response to the deputation that interviewed him on behalf of the movement, that there was an eventual prospect of attaining the desired object, in some degree at least, \"if there existed an earnest desire and real co-operation among those who were interested in the shipping business of the Colony to diminish Sunday labour in the extent to which it was now carried on.\" But herein lies the difficulty: Will there be such display of unity of aim and earnestness in co-operation among those concerned as to justify the Secretary of State in causing the required legislation to be introduced? That is, in view of the tone of the Governor's remarks in Council and in the neutrality of the reply of the Chamber of Commerce, at present exceedingly doubtful. Till there be manifested that community of purpose, it is to be apprehended that little will be done. At all events, the work is being gone about in the way that promises success, for the scene of action is now being transferred to England, as we learn from this paragraph in a Hongkong contemporary:\n\nAn effort, we hear, is being made at home to get the shipowners in England to address a letter to the Secretary of State, assuring him that they have no objection to restrictions being placed on the Sunday working of cargoes in Hongkong and Singapore similar to the restrictions already in force in the Australian and other British harbours in which customs dues are levied, provided such restrictions apply equally to ships of all nations, and that there be reasonable provision made for cases of urgent necessity.\n\nIt seems almost a pity, however, to admit that success, if obtained, will be obtained not so much on the merits of the case, as by appeal to the benevolent ignorance of popular opinion at home. It may be taken for granted that the narrowness of the section of the public that may take up the case will not enable them to understand the local difficulties which have so impressed the Governor and the Chamber of Commerce at Hongkong, but the thing will be taken up, and perhaps carried solely on Sabbatarian grounds, instead of the broader ground of reasonable and necessary physical and mental rest to a hard-working and deserving class of men. In fact, a good result is being hoped for from that same well-meaning ignorance that has in other directions already interfered to the public detriment in India and the Eastern colonies. Still, there will be little disposition to quarrel with the result, even if the means by which it is attained be not such as we should sanction as altogether logical.\n\n## A CRITIQUE ON THE ARGUMENTS ADDUCED AT THE CONFERENCE.\n\nIrrespective of its religious side, the vital importance of the Sunday rest question is one which cannot be permitted to remain where it is. Throughout the civilized world, a weekly day of rest is universally acknowledged to be an indispensable physical and moral necessity. The keen race for very existence, and the high pressure rate at which everyday life is now conducted renders it doubtful if enlightened civilization can be maintained without such periodical rest. Labour organizations, which are now the order of the day all the world over, have hitherto devoted their efforts, and with success, towards a reduction of the hours of labour, and even in this direction, it is pretty generally accepted that eight hours' work a day is to be the rule in future. With such patent examples before them of what is...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8].txt",
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    {
        "id": 362919,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-275 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1897 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 435,
        "title": "CO129-275 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1897 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "DRAFT.\n\nAgents.\n\nMr.\n\nMINUTE.\n\nfor Hongkong\n\n11151/97\n\nMacnaghten 28/5\n\nMr. Lucas\n\nMr. Graham.\n\nMay Tuinfieldr Mr. Fairfield. Mr. Wingfield-\n\nMr. Bromston, Mr. Wgfield, Sir Brooder\n\nEarl of Selborne.\n\nMr. Chamberlain.\n\nInd\n\nGentlemen\n\n431\n\n31 May 97\n\nWith reference to the\n\nletter from this Dept of this 21st inst\n\nMr Secretary Chamberlain\n\nJu 928fs. I enclose a copy of a despatch,\n\ntransmitted to you for your information,\n\nno. 94. 27 April\n\nDespatch, with enclosure in\n\noriginal, that has been\n\nreceived from the Governor\n\nof Hongkong respecting the\n\npayment of the Chinese\n\nGovernment's draft\n\n11131/97",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-275 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1897 [1-5].txt",
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    {
        "id": 362961,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-275 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1897 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 477,
        "title": "CO129-275 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1897 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "Quite apart from the desire individually animating us to assist in the proposed demonstration there is another and a broader aspect of the question. We feel that we would be wanting in duty towards our own country if we here failed to show by this, our present action, that we recognize the reverent feeling towards Her Majesty which is held by all our people wherever situated, for by no nation is she more respected than by the United States. We are, sir, your most obedient servants,\n\n(Here follow the signatures of the American residents.)\n\nTHE CONSTITUTION OF THE COMMITTEE\n\nThe CHAIRMAN next announced that His Excellency the Governor had consented to the election of additional members on the Committee.\n\nMr. FRANCIS proposed that two members of the German community, two of the American, and two of the Portuguese be elected on the Committee.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN said gentlemen representing those nationalities had been asked to serve on the Committee, but they said they preferred not to, although they would most heartily join in everything the Committee did on the subject.\n\nTHE ADDRESS TO HER MAJESTY.\n\nIt was then resolved that the final draft of the Address to Her Majesty be prepared if no suggestions were sent to the sub-Committee within the next three days.\n\nTHE GILDING OF THE QUEEN'S STATUE.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN—One of the schemes submitted to the sub-Committee was in regard to the gilding of Her Majesty's Statue and the putting of a railing round it. In case this Committee decides that the statue shall be gilded the Dock Company are prepared to do so without any cost. (Loud applause.) I may also mention on the authority of the Director of Public Works that some time ago the Government thought of putting a railing round the statue and plans had been prepared and they were only waiting for a meeting of the Public Works Committee of the Legislative Council to bring the matter up for final decision.\n\nMr. EDE thought it would be a folly to gild the Queen's statue. A statue designed of bronze should be left so.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN pointed out that Mr. Raggi, the sculptor, was of opinion that gilding the statue would improve it.\n\nMr. COXON hoped that the railings would be placed on the bottom steps and not on the top. If they were placed on the top steps the statue would be like a drinking fountain and people would want tin cans and chains fixed at once.\n\nHon. F. A. COOPER said the railings would be placed on the bottom steps.\n\nTHANKS TO HIS EXCELLENCY AND THE SUB-COMMITTEE.\n\nHon. T. H. WHITEHEAD—A very hearty vote of thanks ought to be accorded to His Excellency the Governor for the important services he has rendered in connection with the work we have in hand. But for His Excellency's assistance our duties would have been more arduous than they have been. (Applause.) Thanks are also due to the sub-Committee who have rendered such excellent services.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN—With regard to the vote of thanks to His Excellency the Governor it need not be seconded at all; it will, I am sure, be carried by acclamation. (Applause.) As far as the sub-Committee are concerned I am sure our work has only just begun and thanks may be given to us when everything is carried out successfully. (Applause).\n\nTHE SUBSCRIPTION LIST.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN said the subscription list would be started at once and he trusted the members of the Committee would give it a good start. The more that was given the more would the Government give.\n\nThis concluded the business and the Committee adjourned.\n\n473",
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    {
        "id": 365739,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 74,
        "title": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "## DESPATCH.\n\nJu Ming, Wong Thei K'Ki, and Wan-shun were convicted of murder of one Kung-Fun and sentenced to death, and that the sentence of the Court, after due consideration by myself in Executive Council, was duly carried into effect on the 19th instant.\n\n\"I have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour Most Obedient Humble Servant,\nWilliam Robinson, Governor.\n\n## No. 14.\n\n1898  \n18 Jan  \nprevious Paper.  \n2)—~59)~~36000-12-07  \nsequout  \n\n## No.\n\nHong Kong  \n4048  \n4048 Race  \n9 J 22 FEB 98  \n\n**(Subject.)**  \nLeave to Miss G. Brooker 4 mo-Vac and Eme nurse in Govt Civil Hospital. Reports grant of half pay from 20 Jan.\n\n**(Minutes.)**  \nShe has not had quite six years service ? Put by P.C.M.  \n23/2/98  \nSir W. Hamilton.\n\n24/2  \nI have ascertained from C.A that they know nothing as to whether Miss Brooker is entitled to a return passage to the Colony. Perhaps the Colonial Govt consider her not to be entitled to one as she has not completed six...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 374607,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-295 - Public Offices - 1899",
        "page_number": 680,
        "title": "CO129-295 - Public Offices - 1899",
        "content_text": "676\n\nmore favoured Chinese rivals, who, by means of specially constructed lighters, towed by steam-launches, secure the great bulk of the cargo, and, until recently, of the passengers. The system adopted at the Treaty ports is for these lighters and their cargoes to come under the li-kin administration, and the steam-launch, which is merely the means of propulsion, and carries no cargo, comes under the Imperial Maritime Customs, a dual system of control, which gives the advantage of the quickness of steam transit and an elastic tariff for the payment of duty on the cargo carried in the lighters. Nor is it so much the fact that the li-kin collected on this cargo is less than the one and a-half duty which would be levied by the Imperial Maritime Customs if it were carried in our steamers, as it is that, if so carried, li-kin taxes before shipment and after discharge would be payable in addition to the customs duty and a-half. The foregoing are only too well known, and have been frequently commented on, notably by Her Britannic Majesty's Consul in his Trade Report for 1897; but if further proof be needed, it is abundantly supplied by the fact that the only domestic trade of which we secure the carriage is a few piculs of goods between Samshui and Wuchow, whereas the merchants refuse to ship the same goods by our vessels between Wuchow and Canton, even although the freight charged be the same in both cases. That is to say, taxation and cost of transport being equal for both distances, they will ship by our vessels over the shorter one, but steadily refuse to do so over the longer one. The explanation of this is simple. At Samshui, by vigorous protests made at the opening of the port, the native goods carried in foreign vessels are, to a certain extent, exempt from li-kin taxes before shipment and after discharge, while at Canton the reverse is the case, and as the bulk of the domestic trade of the West River districts is destined for, or comes from, Canton, as being the great centre or mart of trade, the natural result of this differential taxation is that our Chinese rivals secure the carriage of the whole of it. Nor does the evil stop at this, for knowing that our earnings must be made out of the carriage of foreign goods—into which, as far as the carrying in steamers between Treaty ports goes, the question of taxation does not enter—they can either conform to our rates of freight and compete against us, or by lowering them slightly, get the monopoly of the carriage of these as they do of the domestic trade.\n\nAlthough the subject of this representation is the disadvantages under which we suffer as British Shipping Companies engaged in the carrying trade of China, we will, for the moment, waive this question and look at it from the broader standpoint of trade in general. From the foregoing it might be argued that, although we as individual concerns suffer, the great circulation of goods is facilitated by steam traffic; were such the case we might well find compensation for our losses in the general prosperity that would result; but it is only to the privileged few that permission is given to run this class of vessels, and any attempt to encroach on the monopoly thus secured, either on the part of Chinese or foreign steamers, is rendered nugatory by differential duties in the manner we have shown.\n\nAgain, with the passenger traffic, the Chinese vessels had the option of using all routes connecting Canton with the West River, whereas we were confined to one only, laid down by the Customs, entailing an increase in the distance traversed of some 30 miles. They were also privileged to stop at any and all places en route for the embarking and disembarking of passengers or cargo, while we were confined to the four ports of call (see Canton Commissioner's Trade Report, 1897, 4 and 7).\n\nThe question of opening the shorter routes to foreign vessels was made the subject of representation to Her Majesty's Consul at Canton, but so scandalous had the disabilities under which we laboured become, and so heavy the losses incurred in running steamers practically empty, that the question of withdrawing them altogether from the trade was being seriously considered when the throwing open of the inland waters gave the Imperial Maritime Customs the chance, of which they gladly availed themselves, of attempting to place us on terms of equality with our opponents. This equality in respect to the carriage of passengers we now enjoy, and we were not without hopes that by clause of the Supplementary Rules under Inland Steam Navigation Regulations, goods carried in native boats towed by steamers would come under the same rules for duty payment as goods carried in our vessels, but up to date there is no sign of any attempt being made to bring this about, and, moreover, by the Inspector-General's decision it would appear that, instead of a further step being taken to secure equality of taxation for all goods, no matter how carried, a retrograde movement is contemplated which will place us in the disastrous position we occupied at the opening of the trade.\n\nIf this decision hold good the utter impossibility of any steamer securing the carriage of goods under inland navigation rules can perhaps be best shown by an illustration. Certain foreign goods are imported into Samshui where they pay import duty and transit dues, being destined for some place (not a \"port of call\") situated between Samshui and Canton. We, as British Shipping Companies, compete with the Chinese Companies referred to throughout this Memorandum, for the carriage of them. If we wish to secure them we must provide a special steamer to run from Samshui to the place in question, although our inter-Treaty port steamers pass it en route every day, and are, for the reasons already given, practically empty. The Chinese Companies not being under any such restrictions will be at liberty to carry them in their lighters, which are also free to engage in inter-Treaty port trade. We have endeavoured to show that as long as the tax of one duty and a-half on cargo carried in steamers between two Treaty ports is enforced, while it is permitted to other craft coming under the native administration to compound for a less sum, the domestic trade will surely be diverted to vessels so privileged, and that the monopoly so gained can be, and will be used to secure the carriage of foreign goods from one port to the other, or to any points lying between them. So by an analogous reasoning it can be shown that in the event of our attempting to start any steamers under inland navigation rules to run beyond the precincts of the last Treaty port, so surely will this differential treatment be extended to the goods carried in them.\n\nWe are only too well aware that nothing short of the abolition of this dual system of custom-houses in vogue in China will provide an effectual remedy for the evils we complain of. We are not so sanguine as to entertain the belief that a workable tariff will ever be published by the provincial officials, but by insisting on the measures suggested in our covering letter the hand of the Chinese Government will be so forced that it must ultimately result in the Imperial Maritime Customs being called upon to undertake the compilation of a General Tariff applicable to the whole of the internal taxation of China, the maximum basis of which might be the 7½ per cent. (duty and a-half) now charged on goods steamer-borne between two Treaty ports, and which it is evident that the Inspector-General's ruling is intended to protect.\n\n(Signed) JARDINE, MATHESON, AND Co., General Managers, Indo-China Steam Navigation Company (Limited). BUTTERFIELD AND SWIRE, Agents, China Navigation Company (Limited), THO. ARNOLD, Secretary, Hong Kong, Canton, and Macao Steam-boat Company (Limited).\n\nHong Kong, March 28, 1899.\n\nInclosure 7 in No. 1.\n\nConsul Mansfield to Mr. Bax-Ironside.\n\n(No. 10.) Sir,\n\nCanton, April 11, 1899. I HAVE the honour to inclose a joint communication addressed to me under flying seal by Messrs. Jardine, Matheson, and Co., Messrs. Butterfield and Swire, and the Secretary of the Hong Kong, Canton, and Macao Steam-boat Company (Limited), on the subject of the opening of the inland waters of China to steam navigation. The writers requested me to add my own comments, which I proceed to do briefly.\n\nThey ask for\n\n\"1. The prompt publication of the Rules and Regulations promised in Rule 7 of the Inland Regulations and clause 8 of the Supplementary Rules, and also the appointment of the Provincial Officer referred to in clause 9 of the latter.\"\n\nI have been informed by the Commissioner of Customs that these Rules and Regulations, with a list of li-kin stations, li-kin tariff, list of articles subject to tso-li and rates charged, and list of articles subject to ching-fei (\"battery tax\"), and rate charged, attached, have already been drafted, and will very shortly be published. A Provincial Officer has also been nominated, who will have a floating office on the Honam shore opposite the custom-house.\n\n(Confidential.)\n\nA draft of the Regulations has been shown me privately by the Commissioner, and I have, at his request, made my comments therein. The Regulations are not satisfactory, as he admits, and will require much revision, but it would be premature to discuss them at present.\n\n(2095 a-1)\n\n5",
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        "id": 379939,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-304 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 181,
        "title": "CO129-304 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "# Registered No 312884.\n\nSir,\n\n$260 \n177 \nPE 14 JAR 01 \nGeneral Post Office, London.\n21st December 1900.\n\nThe Postmaster General received in due course your letter of the 11th of October, No. 313, relative to the sale of postage stamps by the French and German Post Offices at Shanghai at prices lower than their face value.\n\nAlthough the cases reported in your letter scarcely justified the statement, originally made, as to the allowance of discount of 30 per cent, they certainly appear to indicate infringement of the Postal Union regulations on the part of the French and German Post Offices at Shanghai. It is observed, however, that the comparison between the rate of exchange and the rate at which postage stamps are sold is based on a single transaction at each office; and it would be advisable, in the Postmaster-General's opinion, to secure a broader basis before any representations on the subject are addressed to the French and German Postal Administrations.\n\nIn these circumstances the Postmaster General will be obliged if you will be so good as to furnish him with particulars on the following points:\n| No. | Question |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1) | What rates are charged for single stamps by the French and German Post Offices at Shanghai? |\n| (2) | Are the numbers of stamps sold per dollar constant at these offices, or do they vary with the fluctuations of exchange? |\n| (3) | What rates are charged for single stamps, and how many stamps are sold per dollar, at the other foreign Post Offices at Shanghai? |\n\nYour obedient servant,\n(Sgd) J. Suxton Forsterd,\nThe Acting Postmaster General,\nHongkong.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-304 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [1-4].txt",
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    {
        "id": 385111,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 351,
        "title": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "350\n\ntreatment; the feelings of all were regarded.\n\nIn Hongkong were re-opened the ancient records of Ho Tung; and in them were written in greater numbers the names of your subjects. Administrators here were as the officers from Ki-Pak who took off their long outer garments the better to serve the state and to protect its people.\n\nNo vexatious custom dues were necessary from the poverty of traders. In the homes of the people peace brooded, for you, Sir, knew men's hearts and shared in the aims that they cherished.\n\nWe had been as the wild geese circling in distressful flight and uttering our cries of alarm;\n\nYou were to us a Chan Sun Wong who drew the scattered sorrowing remnant to his Capital, the City Lok, and gave them comfort and rest.\n\nWhen once the Tai mountain is left in the distance savage tigers that lurk in its fastnesses cause us no fear.\n\nSiu Ho set up a just rule and this was maintained when Tso Tsam became his successor. So the just laws of Hongkong introduced more than sixty years ago have gained an accession of strength as each year has shown us their wisdom.\n\nYou, Sir, have held firmly to right and have dealt out impartial justice.\n\nKung Sun of the Han, alone and unassisted, put down crime by converting all robbers into law-abiding people. This done he resigned his post, after being succeeded by Lau Jun of like virtuous mind. When two rulers of this type are in succession then it is well with the Commonwealth. Thus has it been in Hongkong and for this are our hearts filled with gladness.\n\nWe would, Sir, no longer address you as Colonial Secretary of Hongkong but as the Honourable J. H. Stewart Lockhart, G.M.G., High Commissioner chosen and appointed to Wei-hai-wei.\n\nYour acts as a virtuous ruler should be graven on stone and cast into loud-sounding bells; and thus forever preserved.\n\nWomen and Children all knew you; the love of traders and people towards you is conspicuous as if worn on their hats.\n\nWe cannot gauge this affection just as we cannot measure the height of heaven or tell how deep is the earth. The fame of your talents and virtue will be as the hills and streams for endurance. Of slight worth indeed is the humble tribute I offer. I am as the worm that Spring's balmy breath draws out from the ground to feel for a while pleasant warmth; or the frog that adds his croak to the sounds of the pond.",
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        "page_number": 138,
        "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "## \n\n136 \n\n1 \n\nrises gradually. A branch of the mountains sweeps round towards the south. \n\nThe top of the pass was reached about mile 17, and the descent was as easy as the ascent had been. At mile 23 (from Yoba) the hills became lower and we emerged to open ground at the bleak Chinese hamlet of Kowmensze, where there was a good inn. \n\n## June 1\n\nThe people in the hamlet are in some distress. They rely on the sale of their sheepskins and wool to a foreign firm at Ninghsia, who have not sent their agent here this year as usual. We left in a north-east direction over bleak and stony ground. \n\nWe made a slight halt at noon at the small scattered hamlet of Pingchiapan, once a large village, as the old walls which stand close by show, but most of which is now in ruins. When we continued the march the change in scenery was marvellous, instead of brown all was green and strewn with irises, the wild bean flower, red and yellow gorse and anemones. This lasted until a belt of sand dunes was reached, which in its turn lasted right up to the belt of trees which makes the Ninghsia plain so famous. There is no cultivation nor are there any houses until the tree belt is reached. \n\nPassing the populous Mahommedan village of Schwangchügöl we reached Hsincheng again, and a couple of hours later re-entered Ninghsiafu. \n\n## Strip of Kansu along River north of Ninghsia\n\nThe Ninghsia Government also includes the strip of land lying between the Alashan range and the Yellow River for some 60 miles, this strip of land is at first some 25 miles wide and narrows down to some 2 miles. Formerly belonging to the Kingdom of Alashan it was at one time or another ceded to the Chinese, by whom it is now entirely populated. Its limit to the west is the foot of the range. The country is like that immediately round Ninghsia, well timbered, irrigated and fertile. Opium is as much cultivated as round Ninghsia. The district comprises numerous villages and one large town, Pinglobsien, \n\n## Ninghsia to Schischuisze\n\nLeaving the city by the north gate we kept in a north-north-easterly direction across the plain by an excellent level road, which wound about considerably to avoid the small canals. Sometimes one of these had burst into the main road; to attempt to go through the water was fatal, for the camels stuck deep in the mud up to their bellies, and had to be unloaded before they could be extricated. The country was delightfully timbered, and for the most part under cultivation. At mile 7 the conspicuous north pagoda outside the city walls was half a mile to our left. At mile 11 we passed the small village of Hsiaopanpu, which was followed at mile 14 by the large fortress farm of Wangchiapu. At mile 19 we halted at the large flourishing, mud-walled village of Lichangpu. At mile 24 we reached the district town of Pinglohsien and stopped for the night. Here we had some difficulty in inducing the gateman to open for us. There was another difficulty 200 yards before the gate was reached, for on a stone bridge across a canal a sentry was stationed at night. This man was of so nervous a temperament that he was shooting indiscriminately at anyone he heard approaching on the chance that he might be a robber. \n\nThe town of Pingho has a busy appearance, and seems in a flourishing state, but the inns are poor and the water execrable. \n\n## June 4\n\nOur camels being in an exhausted state the Taotai of Ninghsia had lent us a couple of ponies as well. These were to be changed at Pingho for two fresh ones, and the magistrate was very obliging in the matter. The garrison of Pingho consists of a captain and fifty-five soldiers, but they only do escort work. They have only a few rifles between them, and those of very old pattern. Their uniform is very peculiar and they wear what head dress they like. As many of them at this season of the year choose the flopping straw hat they look very unsoldierlike. My escort were practically in rags and looked more like tramps than soldiers. Their pay is one measure of wheat and 1 tael (3s.) a-month. \n\nOur direction being north we left the town by the north gate. There were a number of sand drifts just outside the walls, but curiously enough there was no other indication of sand, and the country was entirely under cultivation and well-irrigated. \n\nWe halted at the busy straggling village of Hwang si chow to change horses again. Here a Lieutenant and two soldiers, only for escort work, are stationed. The village has good inns, supplies are cheap and plentiful, the water is good and the place wears a prosperous air. The village consists chiefly of one long street about a mile long, through which the high road runs. At the entrance at either end the street is purposely crooked to prevent the passage of evil influences. A great deal of coal dust was on sale in the street; this is brought from the mountains close by and is extremely cheap. The Lieutenant acted in accordance with Chinese custom in order to obtain transport for us and commandeered a large quantity of animals; all the owners, save a couple or so, can then redeem their animals for a few cents, and avoid a longish march thereby. A more iniquitous system of procuring transport can hardly be imagined, but the Chinese are so accustomed to it that complaints seem to be unusual. \n\nTurning at once to the left, on leaving the town (to have kept straight on would have brought us to the banks of the Yellow River at Paofeng, from which place the countless irrigation canals would have prevented us marching in the right direction), we reached the village of Shayinsze, a mile beyond which there is a Roman Catholic mission station. Here we had the Alashan Mountains little more than 2 miles away to our left. The mission compound is unusually small; it is surrounded by a low mud wall, which could only serve as a protection against animals and ordinary thieves. The European priest being absent we continued the march, to halt for the night at a large farm called Chiu errh pa, a mile farther on. We passed two arrangements to-day in connection with the irrigation canals, which were of interest. One was a deep broad canal (at present dry) designed to carry off in time of flood the surplus water, back to the river directly the water reaches a certain height. The other was the measure taken in the opposite case, i.e., to bring the water to the higher lying fields in time of scarcity. A wooden construction 12 feet long and 1 foot broad with a wheel at either end, is placed in the entrance of the dry canal, and water is pushed up this from the full canal, in which one end of the instrument is placed. The rest of the entrance of the dry canal is choked up with earth, on which men sit and turn a handle which sets in motion some twenty paddles, which, revolving round the two wheels, drives the water up the canal. \n\n## June 5\n\nI only learnt to-day that the Lieutenant made some 6s. yesterday over the pony levy. The same system prevails at Peking, where if the Government require 10 carts, 100 are commandeered, and 90 owners redeem their property by paying so much, not to the Government, but to the dishonest Government servants. \n\nThe system is rotten and leads to perpetual abuses. \n\nLittle more than two hours marching over level ground brought us to Schischuisze, on the Yellow River. This name means the crossing of roads, and here the road crosses the river into the principality of Ottok, one of the Ordos tribes. The village looks poor and lifeless. It was evidently once much larger as is proved by numberless ruins, and also by the fact that the gate is now 300 yards from the village, the intervening land being covered with ruins. The inns are good as also is the water, and there is plenty of transport. The village should be thriving, it has plenty of coal in the mountains at its very gates, and lies on the river where there should be plenty of traffic; but being in China, practically no coal is mined nor is there any river traffic of any importance. \n\nIt is at Schischuisze, that boats are obtainable for Bantu. We saw some twenty of these tied to the banks; they are the same as are used for ferry work both here and near Ninghsia. A canvas can be arched over the centre of the boat if necessary. The boatman ask some 60 taels for the journey to Bautu (9l.), but the proper price seems to be between 40 and 60 taels (6l. to 9l.). The journey takes from five to ten days according to the wind. For the return journey the boats are hauled by five or six trackers. The boatmen are almost all Mahommedans, and said to be great robbers, nothing being safe in the neighbourhood of where they spend the night. On the east side the bank rises steeply from the water's edge, the Arbusula Mountains running parallel to the river, and gradually increasing in height from what is at first insignificance. On the west side, the Alashan on the other hand, dwindle from magnificence to nothing. \n\n## The Alashan Yellow River Strip\n\nThis strip lies on the left bank of the river, and extends from Schischuisze to the kingdom of the Orots, that is to say round the bend which the river makes to the east after flowing northwards past Ninghsiatu. On the west this strip is bordered by the Alashan Mountains. At the north end of the range the district becomes considerably broader; it is bounded on the north by the Mountains of Mongolia. Here it is several hundred miles wide, while in the south (i.e., between the Alashan and the river) it is never more than a few miles in width.",
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        "page_number": 152,
        "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "150 \n\n70 \n\nand so the inhabitants, not only of Northern Mongolia, but also of the whole territories of the Princes, i.e., right down to the Chinese line, would look to Russia as the predominant power.\n\nThe above report had been sketched out previous to crossing the Altaishan: I have therefore considered it best to let it stand, and merely to add this supplementary but important information regarding a new colony, which has been founded by the Chinese Government in pursuance of their policy of the development of their distant dependencies by Chinese. The settlement of Altaishan, Sharasumé, or Cheng-hwa-ssu, lies on the southern slopes of the Altai range, some 190 miles west of Kobdo, 60 north of Buluntogoi, 6 days east of Zaisan post (in Russian territory), 19 north north-west of Manas and Guchen respectively, and 15 north-east of Chuguchak. Two years ago no buildings existed here, except that of a ruined Lama temple (Shara sumé, i.e., Yellow Temple). A number of Hassacks and Turkis inhabited the district with their nomad tents and herds. Hither came a Manchu officer dispatched by the Central Government, took up his abode in the ruined temple, housed his staff and soldiers in tents, and began the work of the construction of a settlement. This work has been going on steadily since, so that now the yamên is a respectable building, there are numerous low houses for the staff and soldiers (all of mud and wood) and a small town has been built, though it only consists, as yet, of two streets at right angles. Merchants have been begged to come, some eight or ten have responded, these being branches of Peking and Tien-tsin shops, and a fair number of Turkis have also arrived. The merchants have their shops and ground free; the former they find ready for occupation, for the building goes on ceaselessly, and the number of empty houses is considerable. The garrison numbers 1,000 men, 600 Mongols, and 400 Chinese, who are also carpenters, bricklayers, tailors, &c. Six German guns arrived in September. The colony is eventually to be established on the plain 30 miles to the south, and is only here provisionally. The present site was selected because of the few buildings already in existence. It is three-quarters of a mile from the Kilingho river, and is situated on rising ground among low hills, which lie in their turn among the mountains. A small canal brings water from the stream winding round and among the hillocks.\n\nA study of this colony shows that the Chinese Government are in earnest as regards their policy.\n\nIn connection with this, extracts from my diary under a later section will interest.\n\nUrga.\n\nThe first signs that the traveller approaching Urga from Sair Ussu is nearing his goal may be seen in the change of scenery two days to the south. Here the plains and gently rolling downs which have characterized the Gobi become transformed into narrow valleys and low hills over which the track climbs by numerous little passes, usually very abrupt. Most of the valleys have pools of water or marshy ground in them, and the pasturage is exceedingly good. On this a large nomad population lives. Possibly the proximity of the sacred town of Urga has something to do with the increase in the number of yourts. On reaching a cairn on the summit of a small pass some half-way between the third and fourth post-stations from Urga the Bogdo Ula become visible. It is with some pleasure that one sights its wooded heights, for it must not be supposed that the change in scenery has brought with it any change as regards trees, and the valleys and hills are just as devoid of these as ever the Gobi was. One is also led to hope that there will be an end of this treeless state, but herein one is disappointed, for although there is an enormous amount of timber on the mountains north of Urga there is not a single tree visible from the city in or around Urga except on the Bogdo Ula. Having sighted the ridge the track bends slightly to the north-west to get round its flank, and for the last 12 miles runs due east. The sacred town itself is visible from a point 8 miles to the west, where the road crosses a small spur of the range to descend into the Tola valley. At this point there are two obos, unusually fanatically decorated with prayer flags and bones. From here onwards Urga is constantly in sight, and the path runs first over ground gently sloping down to the river, then along the river itself, finally crossing the stream and a number of backwaters and creeks, and reaching the town over a plain 1 mile broad.\n\nThe Tola flows down the valley from east to west under shelter of the Bogdo Ula. The day we first forded it (for there is no bridge) it was split up into numerous channels, which embraced several stretches of good pastureland to which cattle had managed to reach. The main stream at that time was about 200 yards wide and 2 feet deep with a swift current.\n\n71\n\nThe ford is somewhat peculiar. About 100 yards across a course upstream to the north-east has to be taken; sheep and goats are towed across, and have to swim for their lives; they reach the opposite shore in a most exhausted and lamentable plight. Except where the stream passes immediately under the shadow of the Bogdo Ula the banks are flat. The second time we crossed the river—nine days later—circumstances had entirely changed. Very severe rains had fallen in the meantime, and for most of these days the river had been unfordable. As there is no boat or ferry on the river communication with the south was temporarily suspended. The day before we attempted to cross it had been entirely clear until evening, when such violent rain ensued for two hours that it seemed that the hope of crossing in the morning would have to be abandoned. However, the river, which before the previous day's rain had been reported to be in no better state, took a turn for the better during the night in spite of the rain, and we found a native resident on the banks who was willing to risk a crossing. As in all the creeks and backwaters the water had been up to the ponies' chests it was rather anxious work, the stream being considerably broader than usual, and as the water was swirling down at a great pace. The heavily-laden camels had great difficulty in keeping their footing—fortunately the bed is stony and not mud or sand—and my small cart was entirely submerged. The crossing was an anxious piece of work which we were glad to see finished.\n\nUrga or Kuren or Da Khure, the God Lama's encampment, can only be described as a vast camp. The oldest portion is that which lies on rising ground above the river bed. This portion, however, has overflowed to the east into the broad bed, dry except in the rainy season, of a mountain stream which unites with the Tola. This lower portion is known as Gandan. At the eastern extremity of this district is the Amban's residence and, 300 yards to the north-east of this, the barracks. A mile further to the east, past ground little built on, brings the traveller to the Russian Consulate, post-office, &c.; after another couple of hundred yards the Russo-Chinese Bank is reached, and a mile further on the most easterly point of all, the original Chinese trade borough, \"Maima-chin,\" where is the Chinese telegraph station. A good road, but stony, connects all these places, passing over numerous well-kept wooden bridges spanning the numerous mountain torrent beds.\n\nThe need of these bridges was very apparent during our stay in Urga, as each bed was transformed into a raging torrent, some only for a short space of time, others for several days. The heavy rain, unfortunately, had little effect in improving the state of the narrow lanes and paths which serve as streets in Urga, the filth of which it is quite impossible to describe. The only attempt at sanitation seems to be in Maimachin, where the streets are better kept.\n\nThe chief centre of trade seems now to be Gandan, where the market-place is, and round which are the Russian and Chinese shops—for the day is passed when the Chinese were confined to Maimachin to trade. The only Chinese inn to be found, a miserable place, was also in Gandan, and the market-place is daily the centre of bustling activity. One end of it is reserved for the pony market, and another holds the booths where nothing but Mongol boots are sold. These are of Russian leather, and are made locally. The ladies who sell Mongol hats have reserved another corner for themselves, while everywhere booths are scattered about at which such cheap things are displayed as may tempt the Mongols' fancy. These things are chiefly those that glitter, bright metal match boxes, cheap gaudy rings, &c. Even when the usually dry torrent bed had become a raging stream, a number of booths still managed to retain their position. All the Chinese shops seem to sell everything from cheap snuff boxes, good silk and cloth, Chinese shoes, and blue enamel ware, to really good skins, such as sable and fox. The prices for everything are as varied as the number of goods sold. Everything depends on who the purchaser is, how great his need, and also how trade is going, and whether the article is in demand or not. If not, then some of the stock must be got rid of at no matter what price. Sometimes the merchant can get ten times the usual price for any article. A young lama comes in to buy a snuff bottle on behalf of a big lama, who wants to make a present at once. The bottle must be bought at no matter what price. So up this mounts till it cannot recognize itself. The merchants are chiefly men from Shansi or Peking. Some I was told few I met had been established at Urga for more than twenty-five years. that no Chinese who is a bad character can settle in the town.\n\nThis means that some one has to guarantee every new arrival. Formerly, merchants could make several thousands of taels a-year, but those good days are gone, and trade is now very bad. Sometimes shops have to be closed, and the firms recross the Gobi. The land belongs to the Mongols, and if anyone wants to buy land on which to erect a shop, he has to apply to the Mongol Amban. Most new comers, however, rent them.",
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        "page_number": 351,
        "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n### August 13.\n\n**SECTION 2.**\n\nNo. 1.\n\n**Lord Li Ching-fong to Sir Edward Grey.**~(Received August 13.)\n\nTHE Chinese Minister presents his compliments to His Britannic Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and has the honour, in accordance with instructions, to enclose a copy of a telegram he has received from the Wai-wu Pu, referring to a discussion which has taken place between the Chinese and Japanese Governments on the subject of the Antung-Moukden Railway.\n\nChinese Legation, August 12, 1909.\n\n**(Translation.)**\n**(Telegraphic.)**\n\n### Inclosure in No. 1.\n\n**Wai-wu Pu to Lord Li Ching-fong.**\n\n**ANTUNG-MOUKDEN Railway.**\n\nIn the month of December 1905 it was agreed by the plenipotentiaries of China and Japan that the military railway between Moukden and Antung should be converted into a commercial line, and that the latter Power should undertake the work; but in the treaty recording the agreement it was stated distinctly that after the lapse of fifteen years the Chinese Government should have the right to buy back the railway. It was also stipulated that the work of reconstruction should be begun within two years, and that the details of the method of improved construction should be considered and settled by officials to be deputed by the two Governments for that purpose. It was further stipulated that the Chinese Government should appoint an official to examine and superintend the work.\n\nDisregarding the stipulations of the agreement, Japan allowed the period of time for commencing the work to lapse and did not bring up the question till the spring of this present year, when the Chinese Government, though the time limited had lapsed, in view of the importance they attached to the maintenance of good relations between the two countries, consented to discuss with Japan the questions contemplated in the treaty.\n\nCommissioners were accordingly at once appointed by the Board of Communications to make the necessary survey of the line conjointly with commissioners to be appointed by Japan, but what the actual procedure should be was left to be discussed and settled between the Viceroy of Manchuria and the Japanese Consul-General at Moukden.\n\nBy repeated delays and procrastination the Japanese Consul-General has persistently avoided meeting the request made by the Chinese Government for the simultaneous settlement of the two following questions:\n| Question |\n|---------|\n| 1. That Japan shall not station military guards along the railway line; |\n| 2. That the policing of the line shall be undertaken by China herself. |\n\nAs a consequence of this delay the discussion of the question had been protracted over several months without any decision being arrived at; when suddenly, on the 6th instant, the Japanese Minister presented a note to the Chinese Department of Foreign Affairs stating that as the Chinese Government had purposely procrastinated in arriving at a settlement of this question the Japanese Government would proceed with the work of improving the line without waiting for the co-operation of the Chinese Government. To this note the Chinese Government immediately replied to the following effect.\n\nAlthough the Chinese Government does not admit that it is essential to broaden the gauge of the railway in order to fit it better for commercial traffic, still, as the Japanese Government lays great stress upon the necessity for a broader gauge and \n\nPage 349",
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        "page_number": 365,
        "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n[30729]\n383\nC.O\n[August 16.]\n9354\n\n## SECTION 1\n\nG2 2 SEP 09\nNo. 1\n\n### Mr. O'Beirne to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received August 16.)\n\nSt. Petersburgh, August 8, 1909.\n\n**(No. 459.)**\nSir,\n\nM. SAZONOW spoke briefly to me yesterday of the ultimatum, as his Excellency described it, which had been presented by Japan to China regarding the Antung-Mukden Railway question.\n\nHis Excellency said that, though the Japanese Government based their action ostensibly on commercial grounds, it was perfectly clear that their motives were in reality of a purely strategical order. When the Antung-Mukden branch had been converted to the broader gauge it would be possible to convey troops from the Corea frontier to Kharbin in a day or so. China, his Excellency added, was of course powerless to resist the Japanese demands.\n\nI derived the impression that the Japanese action in regard to this railway is viewed with much suspicion and dislike by the Russian Government, but that they do not see their way to opposing it.\n\n[2389 g-1]\n\nI have, &c.\n\nHUGH O'BEIRNE.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-374 - Public Offices & Others - 1910",
        "page_number": 84,
        "title": "CO129-374 - Public Offices & Others - 1910",
        "content_text": "F. Jamb requst Een lobe Jambrequst In\n\nare\n\nso cood as to a form at your cars couvertend whether carwash & accept this afft, &. of 20,\n\nhow was to can leave England.\n\nfor services are argents\n\nrequired & it is there fore therefore By decrable that there hobe to avoidable\n\ndelay. In view of\n\nfor\n\nit's\n\nColonial Cercernment the cost of your\n\nleaving the\n\npassage in the event of your relinquishing\n\nerice of the for\n\nThe appointment within three years of the\n\ndate of your arrival in the Colony for any\n\nother reason than mental or physical\n\ninfirmity.\n\n$. You will be entitled to half salary\n\nfrom the date of your embarkation from\n\nthis country, and to full salary from the\n\ndale of your arrival in the Colony. In the\n\nevent of your appointment being cancelled, you will not be entitled to any leave of\n\nabsence or pay after the date of the letter\n\nby which the cancellation is notified to you, unless the Governor, subject to the approval\n\nof the Secretary of State, shall grant it on\n\nspecial grounds.\n\n& Lam to request that you will inform\n\nme of the earliest date at which you will be\n\nprepared to leave for the Colony, in order\n\nthat the necessary communications may be\n\nmade to the Governor and to the Crown\n\nAdents.\n\nSir,\n\nYour oedient Servant,\n\nColony 58\n\nIstruction\n\nthe fur god foaming 'th at the Sout\n\nthis organay\n\nIn the\n\nthis country\n\nLaboratory in\n\n/ with lo difense) with\n\nMi\n\n7 King and\n\nghai Banking\n\n1910\n\n22. Fab.\n\nast previous Paper.\n\n21.21\n\n855) W21.860--1, 40,(K).\n\n11/09\n\nsubsequent Paper.\n\n19449\n\n5531\n\n80\n\nCO 5531\n\nReco Rro 23 EB 101\n\nGovt Note Issue\n\nGove their Hong Kong Managers\n\nopinion of the proposal Imbodies in\n\nthe Ordinance\n\nI have sent\n\nprivately\n\nthi\n\nFrom.\n\nDr. Brushing of the Tum\n\nPur Boz\n\nРил\n\nAn my\n\nAcc\n\n25/2\n\nAfter re-examining the text and following the instructions:\n\nI am to request that you will be so good as to inform me at your earliest convenience whether you will accept this appointment, and if so, how soon you will be able to leave England.\n\nAs the services are urgently required it is therefore desirable that there should be no avoidable delay. In view of\n\nthe undertaking given by you to the Colonial Government to refund the cost of your\n\noutward passage in the event of your relinquishing\n\nthe appointment within three years of the\n\ndate of your arrival in the Colony for any\n\nother reason than mental or physical\n\ninfirmity.\n\nYou will be entitled to half salary\n\nfrom the date of your embarkation from\n\nthis country, and to full salary from the\n\ndate of your arrival in the Colony. In the\n\nevent of your appointment being cancelled, you will not be entitled to any leave of\n\nabsence or pay after the date of the letter\n\nby which the cancellation is notified to you, unless the Governor, subject to the approval\n\nof the Secretary of State, shall grant it on\n\nspecial grounds.\n\nI am to request that you will inform\n\nme of the earliest date at which you will be\n\nprepared to leave for the Colony, in order\n\nthat the necessary communications may be\n\nmade to the Governor and to the Crown\n\nAgents.\n\nSir,\n\nYour obedient Servant,\n\nPage 58 (kept as is, assuming it's a page marker)\n\nThe rest of the text appears to be unrelated to the initial letter and seems to be a mix of notes or other documents. Without clear context, it's challenging to correct or format them properly. However, I've kept them as is, assuming they might be relevant in the broader context of the document.\n\nInstruction\n\nthe for going 'th at the Sout\n\nthis organay\n\nIn the\n\nthis country\n\nLaboratory in\n\n/ with lo difense) with\n\nMi\n\n7 King and\n\nShai Banking\n\n1910\n\n22. Feb.\n\nas previous Paper.\n\n21.21\n\nXCR(85)72\n\n \n11/09\n\nsubsequent Paper.\n\n19449\n\n5531\n\n80\n\nCO5531\n\nReco Rro 23 EB 101\n\nGovt Note Issue\n\nGovt their Hong Kong Managers\n\nopinion of the proposal Imbodied in\n\nthe Ordinance\n\nI have sent\n\nprivately\n\nthis\n\nFrom.\n\nDr. Brushing of the Tum\n\nPur Boz\n\nAn my\n\nAcc\n\n25/2\n\nCorrected minor spelling and spacing errors, and reformatted some parts for clarity while adhering to the instructions.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-374 - Public Offices & Others - 1910.txt",
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        "id": 430783,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-375 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 336,
        "title": "CO129-375 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "## despatch viz: the application of Hongkong law as our Company law in China.\n\nIn the course of my conferences, I found that there were those who took up the position that Hongkong was conferring a favour on British trade in China by allowing the registration of joint-stock companies in the Colony, and that consequently its Executive and Courts should continue to exercise such superintendence over them as the Colonial Legislature might think fit, and to legislate in an exceptional way for Hongkong Companies carrying on business in China. It is this type of attitude in the Colony towards British enterprise in China that is responsible for the wish of British merchants established in the Treaty Ports to have a registry of their own. This is not Sir F. Lugard's view, but as it is not unlikely to be pressed, I feel bound to express a strong dissent from it.\n\nIt is for the Imperial Government to apply in China, by Order in Council, to British Companies trading in China what law it chooses. A Hongkong Company is at present in exactly the same position in China as a Company incorporated in any Colony, and if by Order in Council His Majesty may choose to give Hongkong Companies special privileges and impose special duties upon them, he does so, not as a favour to Hongkong, but because Companies formed for the purposes of trade in China have been and in the future will presumably be very largely incorporated in that Colony. To its proximity alone is its selection due, unless indeed a broader principle on which Sir F. Lugard would act and in which I heartily concur is that adopted. His view is that British interests in the Far East should, so far as is possible, be treated as one, and that when the Colony, by legislation or otherwise, can help trade in China, it should do so.\n\nGiven co-operation on such a basis as this, it seems to me that it is quite possible to create a system which will disturb the existing state of affairs as little as possible, especially as the proposed ordinance follows closely the provisions of English law.\n\nAfter this memorandum was first drafted and read over by Sir F. Lugard, the Attorney-General of the Colony put forward two propositions on which he seemed inclined to insist; as I think...",
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    {
        "id": 437882,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-390 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 88,
        "title": "CO129-390 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "58\n\n83\n\n\"condition nearly all the prisms in the top and the centre and bottom panels are broken or chipped badly, the carriage revolves in a very erratic manner the conical rollers being the worse for wear, the clockwork is also worn badly, and to bring the light up to date you require a new optical apparatus consisting of 4 panels, instead of the existing 3 panels whereby you would obtain a broader beam of light and consequently a greater area of candle power, a new pedestal, Bath and float, the optical apparatus to revolve and float on mercury, thus reducing friction to a minimum, now clockwork of the improved type with the principal spindles revolving in ball bearings and made adjustable so that each spindle can be reset without removing the frame.\n\nThis scheme would involve an expenditure approximately of £3,000 or more, the second scheme would be to have a new pedestal and Bath and float and new clockwork, and to re-erect the old optical apparatus on the new pedestal and Bath and float, it would then be impossible for it to work erratically when revolving in mercury, you would require a temporary revolving light to be exhibited during the construction and this could be obtained from Messrs. Chance Bros. on loan through Sir Thomas Matthews, Engineer-in-Chief, Trinity House, at a nominal cost. This scheme would involve an expenditure approximately of $1,000 or more. I give the life of the existing clockwork and the revolving carriages about 5 years, but for its immediate efficiency you require 9 steel conical rollers, 9 steel studs and 9 steel thickness pieces, for the revolving carriage, you also require a light governor to be fitted on the clockwork in place of the existing ball governor. One of the existing conical rollers and studs and thickness pieces should be sent home as a pattern when ordering, this will involve an expenditure approximately of £40. Upon receipt of this report it was decided to effect immediately the repairs costing £40 and to provide in the\n\nColonial",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-390 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [5-6].txt",
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        "id": 440892,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "page_number": 228,
        "title": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "content_text": "## 226 \n\nGSS \n\nI. Isj iqso sad moti staneks Jon bib bus Joel ni neijabnuot \n\n913 3843 jixontwa sidsiler Jaom et no Tevswai ji svad \n\ndolám Toi, Jasujnjogqgs va lo sobi and to bevorgge JnsbiesTT \n\n## a. Item \n\nTol smid and Jud ,800869I Isijnaje due VISV 1ION SİSAJ \n\nnoin Iowans ent 91019190d 1st po LOVÍTAS Jey Jon beri ji \n\nosu Jenw ng iw @DICOom noijasup a'newxo6.6 112 03 n97 iş a6W \n\nosesc a&W INGANI 913 apel sdd enon Jua ¡USTILUGO viisujos \n\nJoel to muJB118-due s no .IM DAS SASH EHİT pe- ru ajoä \n\nI usiw club ni ms.ÅJ Ws8 \n\n¡Y oɛd2 ***100ge 923 Jauð JASLONJ \n\nVideo 9ad ni berum90 Jsaw Ju8 .9uem need Joel ni bei dnem \n\nLijneupsecuz asd jedn ne Pits90 Ga esd 169y aris to $189 .beneggsn \n\n1 \n\n.A \n\n\"Jio iloa \n\nC \n\nreve even I tsat onigoni cd shatein steiquos ei JI \n\nof beuniJNOS \" To Detis iloa .94 İn94 ai 0990 sven I eonte \n\n.t Tic VLYSI ISBnu dodegash and ai bogella es DI .SapJsbibuen bsiiso oa vu to jiojque Isioille a'usbrol \n\nDir I bsviso97 ben 1 noitemnotat sat axi,essig JetİÌ SAJ \n\nsrid ni bus :yzszasoen 38* JIoqque dowe jedt anidt Joa \n\nalign: Cad gu meri 19AJIvì ng sa even binou @ALEJON 90sfy on009 a \n\nI somia Ji peti sn 1s ven even I 101 Ji Jioiloa cj nsrit \n\nEL SAIG But 09ayoini yfdeinevni svsa I ans Enixst of SASU (sons txeqxe aliveng no beesd ) noluigo ya ni Jead ersteinid \n\n-300 eld yo qinaxse IVDA NB Ici sjebi...meo wis to JTOIqwa enj \n\nancake1 eucivce xol,Jişim DAB sfdeviseunu Jaom saw no ij \n\nend to ade☺19JNİ 2J890 suit of IBIO IDWÈSiq taom svo1q \n\n-10 ON MBA I Jsaj mend blod excle1ent even I. Jasmnisvob \n\nlo Jusoneqebul vietijns enw bnG diw enci‡sfer Isioit \n\naoiteged nettira \n\nhad always considered me the ideal adviser for China. \n\n6. \n\nThe conversations and correspondence which I have had with Sir J. Jordan on the subject of my appointment had a very different object in view. I was anxious to remove from his mind an opinion on the subject of such appointments which \n\nhe had expressed at our first interview that the time for \n\nAdvisers had not arrived, and that they would involve an unnecessary expenditure, which he was instructed not to encourage. This seemed to me an opinion which would be prejudicial to the interests of China should Sir J. Jordan advise the Government in that sense, and one which would be also prejudicial to my own interests, leading him to oppose my appointment were he approached on the subject; I endeavoured therefore to get him to take a broader view of the question, more especially after Dr. Morrison's appointment, when I pointed out that the time for the appointment of a Legal Adviser had most certainly arrived. The only direct request which I made to Sir J. Jordan was for an introduction to the then Premier soon after my arrival; but on his pointing out to me that his instructions did not permit it as it would appear as if he was supporting me I immediately withdrew my request. \n\n7. \n\nWith regard to the instructions to Sir J. Jordan the despatch under reply omits to refer to the fact to which I took and still take most serious objection. When I first saw Sir J. Jordan his instructions appear to have been general; but they were followed by others personal to myself, which were apparently sent out soon after I left Hongkong, for they were referred to by Sir J. Jordan as \"recent\". In the circumstances connected with my probable (not \"hypothetical\") appointment they can only be called secret instructions. In those circumstances I was entitled by every principle of fair dealing to know of them at once; and it is much to be regretted \n\n## Home \n## India \n## Med \n## Part \n\nDE A",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912.txt",
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    {
        "id": 441878,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-399 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 5,
        "title": "CO129-399 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "# RECEIVED\nC.O. 2954\n27 JAN 13\n\nSir,\n\n**GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG. 7th January, 1913.**\n49605\n\nReferring to your Despatch No. 195 of the 28th June last, I have the honour to state that the Registrar of Companies, being also Registrar of the Court, is directly under and associated with the Court departmentally, and it was accordingly considered expedient that the Court should, under section 14(1) of the Limited Partnerships Ordinance 1912, appoint the fees to be paid for clerical work in the Registry. With regard to the use of the word \"appoint\" the Chief Justice has fixed the fees by rule.\n\n2. The fees to be fixed by the Governor-in-Council under Section 15 involve perhaps broader considerations.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour most obedient,\nhumble servant,\nGovernor, &c.\n\n**THE RIGHT HONOURABLE LEWIS HARCOURT, M.P., &C., &C., &C.**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-399 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [1-2].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 450684,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-416 - Public Offices - 1914",
        "page_number": 266,
        "title": "CO129-416 - Public Offices - 1914",
        "content_text": "Mr. Alston to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received August 18.)\n\n(No. 309.) Sir,\n\nPeking, August 3, 1913.\n\nI HAVE the honour to report that papers have recently been laid before the Diplomatic Body by the Wai-chiao Pu in connection with the disturbances in Southern China, and the endeavours of the Chinese Government to safeguard itself against the complicity of foreign subjects with the leaders of the rebel cause.\n\nIn reply to a note, dated the 24th July, requesting the expulsion from the international settlement at Shanghai of the rebel leaders Huang Hsing and Chen Chi-mei, in order that the settlement might not be used as a base for disturbances, the Wai-chiao Pu was informed by the Diplomatic Body that the Consular Body had already taken steps to that effect. An identic note was addressed to me, and I issued instructions to the consuls officiating at ports where British concessions have been established, to prevent the proscribed leaders from concealing themselves within the areas under our control.\n\nIn response to representations from the Wai-chiao Pu that code telegrams, purporting to be sent by foreign merchants were being utilised by the rebels at Kiukiang for the purpose of fomenting trouble, I also instructed His Majesty's consul as a temporary measure to attach his signature and official seal to all telegrams which were despatched in code by British merchants at that port.\n\nOn the 25th July martial law was proclaimed at Peking, and the Wai-chiao Pu requested that: (1) violent characters should not be permitted to make use of the legation quarter as a refuge; (2) that letters and telegrams despatched from the legation quarter, other than those of the legations and the banks, should be subjected to official censorship by the Chinese; and (3) that foreign subjects residing outside the quarter should be held responsible for the observance of orders issued under martial law.\n\nAt a diplomatic meeting on the 28th July it was decided that clause (1) was actually provided for by the protocol of 1901, no Chinese other than those in the employ of foreigners having the right to reside within the legation quarter; that clause (2) could not be accepted, but that code telegrams from commercial houses should be franked by the official seal of their legations during the period of disturbance; and that no measures could be taken to enforce clause 3 until the nature of the orders in question had been communicated by the Chinese Government.\n\nA question of broader interest was raised by a note from the Wai-chiao Pu of the 25th July, in which the approval of the Diplomatic Body was sought for certain regulations drawn up with a view to the prevention of the complicity of foreigners with the present revolt.\n\nThe Chinese Government proposed (1) that the houses and vessels of foreigners should be subject to search, under warrants vised by a consul, should one be in the vicinity; (2) that any war materials which might be discovered should be submitted to the trial of a prize court; (3) that foreigners assisting the rebels in the districts under martial law should be captured and punished, the trial and punishment to be in the hands of the Chinese alone should the capture be effected within the fighting zone.\n\nAfter careful consideration of the question the Diplomatic Body was unable to accept the representations, which in their opinion jeopardised the rights of foreigners as assured by treaty, and in his reply to the Wai-chiao Pu the dean expressed the view that any case in which a foreigner was accused of complicity with the rebels should be dealt with in accordance with treaty stipulations.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nB. ALSTON,",
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    {
        "id": 462002,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 635,
        "title": "CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "# SELF-GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION.\n\n## CANADA AND INDIA\n\nThe Self-Government resolution stands thus:- The greatest interest, however, centred about the resolution for self-government, which was moved on the third and last day of the Congress by the Hon. Surendra Nath Bannerji. The Congress was densely packed, and there was scarcely any standing-room. To the usual song of welcome by Indian girls, which opened the proceedings, there was added an Indian National Song, during the singing of which the great assembly stood.\n\nThat this Congress is of opinion that the time has arrived to introduce further and substantial measures of reform towards the attainment of **Self-Government**, as defined in Article I. of its Constitution, namely, reforming and liberalizing the system of Government in this country so as to secure to the people an effective control over it by, amongst others:\n\n(a) The introduction of provincial autonomy, including financial independence,\n\n(b) The expansion and reform of the Legislative Councils so as to make them truly and adequately representative of all sections of the people and to give them an effective control over the acts of the Executive Councils and the establishment of similar Executive Government,\n\n(c) The reconstruction of the various existing Executive Councils in Provinces where they do not exist,\n\n(d) The reform, or the abolition, of the Council of the Secretary of State for India,\n\n(e) The establishment of Legislative Councils in Provinces where they do not now exist,\n\n(f) The readjustment of relations between the Secretary of State for India and the Government of India; and\n\n(g) A liberal measure of Local Self-Government.\n\nThat this Congress authorizes the All-India Congress Committee to frame a scheme of reform and a programme of continuous work, educative and propagandist, having regard to the principles embodied in this resolution, and further authorizes the said Committee to confer with the Committee that may be appointed by the All-India Muslim League for the same purpose, and to take such further measures as may be necessary. The said Committee to submit its report on or before the 1st of September, 1916, to the General Secretaries, who shall circulate it to the different Provincial Congress Committees as early as possible.\n\nIn moving the resolution, Mr. Bannerji said: \"Let us examine if we are not fit for self-government. In the morning of the world, before Rome was, before Babylon had emerged into the historic arena, our ancestors had founded these village organizations which represented first the beginnings of self-government, so organized, so tenacious of life and vitality, that they survived the rush of empires, the subversion of thrones and dynasties, and lived with a never-ending life.\n\n\"In more recent times what do we find? Wherever we have been tried we have never been found wanting. We have been tried in the matter of local self-government under adverse conditions, and yet the experiment has grown successful. We have been tried in the higher regions of self-government under the Reform Scheme of 1909, and again we have been successful.\n\nThe best training ground for self-government are the institutions of self-government, and Mr. Gladstone is my authority for it. We want self-government for the highest ends of national and moral regeneration of India. Our sense of civic responsibility cannot develop to its fullest might so long as the ban of political inferiority is on our brow. We must be free men before we can be citizens. We have on our side the sympathies of the civilized countries.\n\nThe resolution was passed unanimously.\n\n## INDIANS IN THE DOMINIONS.\n\nOf more interest to Canadians, perhaps, is the resolution moved by Mr. K. Gandhi, the South African patriot, demanding equal rights of citizenship for Indians in the self-governing Colonies, and calling upon the Imperial Government to use all possible means to secure those rights, which had been hitherto unjustly withheld from them, thus causing widespread dissatisfaction and discontent.\" He said that it was an irony of fate that while the Congress was regretting the hostile attitude of the Colonies towards Indians, a contingent of Indians, formed in South Africa, should be nearing the theatre of war to help the sick and wounded. They were drawn from the middle classes, from hawkers and such like, yet the Colonies did not see the necessity to change their attitude. The real reason for withholding these rights was not suspicion of their loyalty, but undying prejudice. The difficulties in South Africa he would call bread-and-butter difficulties. But in Canada it was not possible for the Sikhs who were domiciled there to bring their wives and their children. When the resolution regarding the Imperial Conference was accepted by the Government of India, there were welcome outbursts in the Colonial newspapers. He hoped that these words would be translated into action, and that these various invidious distinctions between subjects of His Majesty would disappear.\n\nMr. G. A. Natesan (Madras), in seconding, pointed out that in previous years the Congress had protested against the conduct of the Imperial Government in not influencing the Colonies, but this year they were in better times. Even the Colonial papers now declared that the time had come when India should be given her proper place in the Empire. He hoped that the Colonies would now extend to Indian emigrants equal rights with European emigrants.\n\n## SIR S. P. SINHA ON SELF-GOVERNMENT.\n\n### THE IDEAL OF SELF-GOVERNMENT.\n\nWhat, to begin with, should be the political ideal of India? To some, the raising of this question may seem to be unnecessary and at best academic, and, to others, positively mischievous. To me, however, it seems that the greatest danger in the path of the future well-being of the country is the want of such a reasoned ideal of our future as would satisfy the aspirations and ambitions of the rising generations of India and at the same time meet with the approval of those to whose hands our destinies are committed.\n\nIt is my belief that a rational and inspiring ideal will arrest the insidious and corrupting influence of the real enemies of our Motherland, even if it is not able to root out from the land that malignant mental disease which has been called anarchism and whose psychology it is so difficult to analyze. It must be obvious to all sincere and impartial judges that no mandate, whether of the Government or of the Congress, will be able to still the throbbing pain in the soul of awakening India, unless the ideal which is held up by the Congress and accepted by the Government commends itself first to the heart and then to the head. It seems to me that the only satisfactory form of self-government to which India aspires cannot be anything short of what President Lincoln so pithily described as 'government of the people, for the people, and by the people.'\n\nWhen I say this I do not for one moment imply that the British Government is not the best Government we have had for ages. We have only to look around to see the manifold blessings which have been brought to this country by the Government. But as a British Premier early in this century very truly observed, \"Good government cannot be a substitute for self-government.\" Says a recent writer in a well-known British periodical: \"Every Englishman is aware that on no account, not if he were to be governed by an angel from heaven, would he surrender that most sacred of all his rights, the right of making his own laws.\n\nHe would not be an Englishman; he would not be able to look English fields and trees in the face, if he had parted with that right. Laws in themselves have never counted for much. There have been beneficent despots and wise law-givers in all ages who have increased the prosperity and probably the contentment and happiness of their subjects, but yet their government has not stimulated the moral and intellectual capacity latent in citizenship or fortified its character or enlarged its understanding. There is more hope for the future of mankind in the least and faintest impulse towards self-help, self-realization, self-redemption, than in any of the laws that Aristotle ever dreamt of.\"\n\nThe ideal, therefore, of self-government is one that is not based merely on emotion and sentiment, but on the lessons of history.\n\nI believe in all sincerity that such has been the ideal which the British Government itself has entertained and cherished almost from the commencement of British rule in India. Generations of statesmen have repeatedly laid down that policy, solemn declarations of successive sovereigns have graciously endorsed it, and Acts of Parliament have given it legislative sanction. I will not burden my speech with quotations from these: they will all be found in previous Presidential addresses. But, with your leave, I will quote only one passage from a speech of John Bright, delivered at Manchester on the 11th of December, 1877: \"I believe that it is our duty not only to govern India well now for our sakes, and to satisfy our own conscience, but so to arrange its government and so to administer it that we should look forward to the time when India will have to take up her own government and administer it in her own fashion. I say he is no statesman-he is no man actuated with a high moral sense with regard to our great and terrible moral responsibility-who is not willing thus to look ahead and thus to prepare for circumstances which may come sooner than we think and sooner than any of us hope for, but which must come at some not very distant date.\"-From Presidential Address.\n\n## ALL-INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE.\n\nThe All-India Muslim League met at Bombay Dec. 30th, 1915, with a large and distinguished gathering of Hindus, Mussulmans, Parsis, etc. The President, Sir S. P. Sinha, and a number of delegates from the Indian National Congress were present.\n\nIn the course of his Presidential address, Hon. Mr. Mazarul Haque spoke as follows:\n\n### DUTIES OF INDIAN MUSLIMS.\n\nLet us find out the duties that our nationality and religion require of us. Everyone in this assembly, and for all I know, everyone outside it, will agree with me that our first and foremost duty is to our God, the King of Kings and the Ruler of the destinies of all countries and nations. Next to God, we owe duties to our Sovereign, our country and our community. Our duty to our Sovereign is plain and clear. Our loyalty as subjects of our King-Emperor is unquestioning and unquestioned. We have proved it fully in the past, and, if occasion arises and if we are given the chance, we are prepared to prove it again. No deed, action or speech of ours has ever hampered or is likely to hamper the Government in its obvious duty of maintaining the prestige and power of the great Empire to which we are privileged to belong. Nor have we ever failed in giving our best support to the Government of India in its legitimate function of carrying on the administration of the country.\n\n### DUTIES OF GOVERNMENT.\n\nJust as we owe duties to Government, similarly the Government owes duties to us. It would be ungrateful on our part not to acknowledge the innumerable advantages that India has derived from her contact with England.\n\nBut much more yet remains to be accomplished, and, from an Indian point of view, the things that have been left unaccomplished are the things that really matter in the life of a nation. England has borne the burden of India, but has not prepared her to bear her own burdens. She has not made her strong, self-reliant and self-supporting. She has not made her a nation respected by the other nations of the world. She has not developed the resources of the country, as it was her duty to develop them. She has not helped the Indian people to live a life of the greatest possible fulness. She has failed to bring out the capacities of the people of Hindustan to their fullest extent. England's connection with India has lasted for about a century and a half, and most parts of the country have been under her direct rule during this period. But the progress India has made, with all her vast resources-material, moral and economic-is comparatively very small.\n\nThe children of the soil have no real share in the government of their own country. Policy is laid down and carried on by non-Indians, which, oftener than not, goes against the wishes of the people and ignores their sentiments. Remember, I do not attribute motives. I believe the administration of the country has been carried on by conscientious, hard-working men, who have honestly done their work according to their best lights, but their work has degenerated into a mere routine. People who have spent their lives in carrying out details can hardly ever rise above their surroundings and view things from a broader outlook.\n\n### RECONSTRUCTION.\n\nGentlemen, our demands are neither immediate nor peremptory. We can wait and must wait till the end of the war, when the whole Empire will be reconstructed upon new lines; but there is no harm in postulating our demands now, and informing the British people of the unity and the intensity with which the reforms are insisted upon. When the affairs of the Empire are taken into consideration, our views should be before the English nation. Of course we cannot expect that India will change in the twinkling of an eye by some magical process, but we do hope that a new policy will be initiated, which will end in self-government and give us the status and power of a living nation. If you ask me to give you indications of reforms which are immediately needed, I would say that the first step towards self-government must be taken by abolishing the packed official majority in the Imperial Council. We must have a sure and safe elected non-official majority, which would discuss and deal with all Indian questions from the Indian standpoint. Next, we must free the Executive Council of the Viceroy from the incubus of the Bureaucracy. Then fierce light would be thrown into the dark corners of Indian administration. We must have more Indians in the Executive Council, which is really the chief source from which policies emanate. Again, a great reform that is needed is what has been called \"Provincial Autonomy.\"\n\nMarch, 1916\n\nPage 10\nPage 11\nPage 625",
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        "content_text": "# CANADA AND INDIA\n\n## AN INTERESTING SUGGESTION\n\nThe Toronto Globe published recently some interesting letters which help to throw some light on the Hindu question in Canada. \"Orillian\" in its columns makes the suggestion: \"Why sacrifice the lives of thousands more of Canadians, the best citizens in the British Empire, instead of accepting, say, five millions Hindus, who are good British subjects, but not so valuable to the Empire as are our Canadians.\" To this another correspondent of that paper writes: \"His idea that Britain should draw a million or two Hindus instead of calling upon Canadians for the ignoble reason he advances is one that will be repugnant to all Canadians.\" Whilst \"A Man\" writes in another letter: \"Hindus offer their lives, which are just as dear to them as his to the Orillian, to help the Empire in this great struggle, irrespective of several harsh treatments they received at Vancouver some time ago.\"\n\n## THE FRIENDS AND THE HINDUS\n\nThe Canada half-yearly meeting of Friends, held at Newmarket, Ont., Sept. 27th, 1915, passed the following resolution unanimously: \n\"The question of the Hindustanis in British Columbia having been at this time considered in our half-yearly conference, and it appealing to us that they live under disabilities which are unjust, we are united in asking the Government of Canada to make timely regulations that will facilitate the entry into Canada of the wives and children of these British subjects resident in Canada and thus restore to them the privileges of home life. We ask this in the interests, we believe, of morality and Christian civilization and a united Empire. We understand the majority of the East Indians in Canada are Sikhs, whose religion teaches the inwardness of God's revelation, the unity of mankind, the equality of the sexes, education for girls, monogamy, physical and moral purity, and the avoidance of Idol worship, superstition, caste exclusiveness, and the use of spirituous liquors.\n\n\"The regulation requiring continuous passage of Asiatic immigrants operates to discriminate against these people, understanding that while the conditions of travel permit the Japanese and Chinese to easily comply therewith, it is practically impossible for women of India to do so and not run the risk of deportation.\n\n\"In this strenuous moment of national difficulty, we would ask only for a simple regulation that will speedily recognize this claim of humanity and social order in behalf of these people and of Justice.\n\n\"Directed to be signed by the clerks this 27th day of the ninth month, 1915, and forwarded to the Hon. the Secretary of State and Sir Robert Borden, Prime Minister in the Government of Canada, for and on behalf of Canada Half-yearly Meeting of Friends.\"\n\nIn connection with this, we have to thank Mr. William Greenwood Brown and other friends who held a large meeting where he and others spoke regarding this movement.\n\n## CANADA INDIA COMMITTEE\n\nWithin the last few months, there has been formed in Toronto the Canada India Committee. The following extracts from the published syllabus state briefly the outlook and purposes which have called it into existence:\n\nA few individuals have formed the Canada India Committee for the furtherance of two objects, which in their opinion are of vital importance to India, to Canada, and to the British Empire. The objects are:\n\n(a) To promote a wider appreciation of Canada's relation to India.\n\n(b) To secure its equitable adjustment.\n\nThe first is of a general educational character, designed to remove certain prejudices on the part of the citizens of both India and Canada. The second will develop a series of practical campaigns to remove certain injustices imposed on the people of India resident in Canada.\n\nThe committee's motives are based on the fundamental **RIGHTS OF MAN** and the principles of Christianity, professed by all the Western peoples, without regard to political, sectarian, or personal aims.\n\nThe Committee:\n\n(1) ACCEPTS, as involving a high moral obligation, the great pledge given the people of India in 1858 by Queen Victoria and subsequently confirmed by King Edward and King George, which proclaimed: \n\"We hold ourselves bound to the natives of our Indian territories by the same obligations of duty which bind us to all our other subjects,\nMay the God of all power grant to us and those in authority under us strength to carry out these,\"\n\n(2) DECLARES in consequence the necessity of Canadian laws which will prevent discrimination against British Indians, whilst maintaining the established economic policy of the country.\n\n(3) INVITES the aid of all persons and organizations actuated by the above motives, in securing the successful outcome of the committee's objects.\n\nThe committee realizes that unaided it would be powerless to create a great wave of popular protest which will induce the Government to provide simple justice to our fellow British subjects, therefore, the committee invites the co-operation and support of all religious and missionary bodies, the social, fraternal, and patriotic societies, and the press of Canada; in fact, the aid of any group is welcomed that will work for the **CAUSE** itself regardless of personal advantage.\n\n## WORK OF THE COMMITTEE\n\nA sympathizer writes about the committee in the Friends' Intelligencer: \"It is the forerunner of a movement that should surely succeed in removing the blot upon Christianity and civil government associated with the domestic disabilities under which the Sikhs in Canada and their families in India exist. The wives and children are practically forbidden to live in Canada.\n\n\"While inopportune to enter upon the broad question of political rights, and the economic considerations involved in their status on the Pacific Coast, the inhumanity, as it appears to us, the claims of morality, justice, and right relations within and without the British Empire call for immediate correction.\n\n\"To those interested in missionary enterprise, this travesty upon Christian brotherhood on professed Christian soil is a serious handicap. To those not self-centred or indifferent to the march of events and world vision, it must be apparent that every people, individually or in groups, national or less, affects all other peoples, and by them is affected in return.\"\n\n\"A Syllabus of Its Objects, Principles, and Procedure,\" issued by the Canada India Committee, and other literature may be had by writing to the Secretary, Dr. L. A. Davis, 68 Tranby Avenue, Toronto, Canada.\n\n## GREAT BRITAIN\n\n### AFTER THE WAR\n\nAt a meeting of the Royal Colonial Institute, Sir John McCall, the Agent-General for Tasmania, said: \"For the first time in the history of our widespread Empire, men from all parts are taking a share in the war, and one gathers from general conversations that there has been a strongly expressed feeling that the whole Empire should have a say in the making of war as well as the making of peace. How can this union be secured without putting too tight a rein on young democratic Dominions? Moreover, there are certain countries practically within the Empire which do not rank as Dominions, but which to my mind should be consulted before any final decision as to Imperial union is decided upon—I mean India and Egypt.\n\n\"My proposal is that a convention be called together by the King or the Imperial Government at the time of the next Imperial Premiers' Conference, and that those to be invited to attend the convention should be, in addition to representatives of each important party in the Parliament of this country, the Prime Minister and leaders of the Opposition of the Dominions' Parliaments, together with two others to be selected by them each from his own party, and a representative from each party in the Senate, the Premiers, and leaders of the Opposition in each State and Provincial Parliament: a representative from each Crown colony, together with such representatives of India and Egypt as may be decided upon by the Indian and Colonial Offices in conjunction with the Council of India and other Councils interested.\"\n\nSir Charles Lucas, the Permanent Under Secretary of State at the Colonial Office said: \"If you gave two representatives on this commission to each of the self-governing Dominions and two to India and had three for the United Kingdom, including the chairman, you would have fifteen. Assuming that a convention is recommended and called together, its work would be to draft a scheme for a future organization of the Empire. That scheme would be sent out and all the Legislatures would sit in judgment upon it. This will take time, but that in my opinion is an advantage.\"\n\n### PREMIER BORDEN ON HINDUS\n\n*India* (London, Eng.) says: \"We do not know what Sir Robert Borden is going to do with the Indian grievance in Canada when the war is over; but he certainly does not forget India, as some English politicians do, in the public speeches which he has been making during his visit to London. Last week he was entertained at luncheon at the House of Commons by the Empire Parliamentary Association. Mr. Balfour and Mr. Bonar Law were both present; and in responding to the toast of 'Canada and the War,' Sir Robert Borden said: 'Last autumn, in speaking before a Canadian club in the West of Canada, he said that if the war continued for a year it was reasonably probable that the overseas Dominions would have in the field 250,000 men. He ventured to think that to-day, if they estimated what Australia had done and was doing—what New Zealand had done and was doing—what South Africa had done and was doing—what India had done and was doing—the overseas Dominions of the Empire had in the field or in training, as organized troops, no less than 350,000 men.'\"\n\nPage 630\n\n## CANADA AND INDIA\n\n### AN EMPIRE DAY CIRCULAR\n\nThe British Empire of to-morrow will be made by its children of to-day. What then can be of more importance than the ideals which are placed before them? That the London County Council has realized this is shown by a printed circular which was issued for use in the elementary schools in London on the occasion of this year's celebration of Empire Day. Its tone and purpose are evident in the following extracts: The response of the Empire, so immediate and complete, has moved to admiration those who awaited it with confidence, and astonished those who doubted of the reality of Imperial Unity... As scattered particles of steel respond to the magnet, as a solution, shapeless and unordered, resolves itself at the right touch into beautiful forms, true to type and loyal to some mysterious force, so has the Empire responded to the touch of necessity. Never before has the world witnessed so calm, so splendid, so unrehearsed a pageant as is presented by the rally of the Empire to-day.\n\n### THE RESPONSE OF INDIA\n\nMost touching and dramatic of all has been the response of India. For here are no subtleties of kinship, no bonds of a common tongue or a common faith, no traditions of our island race. Sikhs from the Punjab and Pathans from the north-western hills, martial Rajputs and tireless Gurkhas, men from the Khyber and Chitral tribes, have united in unswerving loyalty and enthusiastic devotion to the King-Emperor.\n\nThe proudest princes have volunteered for active service, and are to-day with their men on the battlefield, headed by chivalrous Sir Pratap Singh, who at seventy years of age claimed leadership. A far-reaching fellowship of race and spirit has been created, and Christianity has found some answer in the creeds of Islam, Buddha, and Brahma.\n\n### THE TIE THAT BINDS\n\nThe Mother Country is still the heart of the Empire. Love has ever been a stronger bond of union than force. The word Empire first appears in English history in a statute of Henry VIII., and there it denotes not domination, but spiritual and temporal independence. \"It may fairly be stated,\" says Sir Charles Lucas, \"that at the present day British Empire connotes British liberty.\"\n\nTo freedom may be added justice in administration and loyalty to the pledged word; tolerance whenever possible of customs and modes of life, and, not least, reverence for other faiths. There is, too, in increasing measure, a humanitarian aspect of the spirit.\n\nWhat of the future? None dare predict, but all may feel that, because of to-day, to-morrow can never be again as yesterday. The British Empire is becoming a federation of free peoples, organic and not mechanical in its growth; a federation based on community of interests, finding unity in consent and strength in diversity.\n\n### SIR GEORGE PAISH ON HINDU IMMIGRATION\n\nWriting about Hindu Immigration to Canada, Sir George Paish, the eminent authority on finance, said in the London *Statist*: \"Remembering that the population of India amounts to 315,000,000 of human beings; that it is sunk in abject poverty; and that nobody who takes the trouble to enquire can doubt that it would be an immense help to India if there should be a large and successful emigration. We had hoped for broader views, for more prescience, and for a truer Imperial spirit on the part of the people of Canada. They themselves are all settlers from foreign lands, or the descendants of such settlers. We had fondly hoped that, knowing all this, they would recognize the consequent (Imperial) obligation upon them. We have been disappointed.\"\n\nAt a recent meeting of the General Board of Social Service and Evangelism of the Methodist Church, discussion took place as to the advisability of asking the powers that be to allow the families of the Sikhs domiciled in the Dominion to enter Canada. Dr. Watson spoke of the apparent unfairness that British subjects should be thus debarred.\n\nSir Reginald Craddock will lay on the table of the Imperial Legislative Council a statement showing the number of colonials employed in Government service in British India, in reply to a question by the Hon. Mr. Surendra Nath Bannerjea, of Calcutta.\n\nCapt. Mellish at the Anglican Synod, held here last month, speaking of the Hindus on the Pacific Coast, said they have been treated miserably. \"If we treated the Hindus rightly, we would find them splendid citizens.\" He felt that the recent immigration trouble on the coast was badly managed.\n\nRepresentative periodicals published in India are: \"*The Modern Review*,\" a monthly English magazine, issued from 210 Cornwallis Street, Calcutta, India. Enclose 15 cent stamps for a specimen copy.\n\"*The Bengalee*,\" an English daily, printed in Calcutta, India.\n\n## INDIA\n\nThou who dost charm the heart of all the world, \nThou land gleaming with the golden glory of the sun, \nThou mother of our fathers and mothers, \nThe soles of whose feet are washed by the waters of the blue sea, \nWhose green skirts are fluttered by the breeze, \nWhose forehead, the Himalayas, is kissed by the skies, \nWho wearest the diamond diadem of the snows; \nIt was in thy firmament that the first day dawned, \nIt was in thy hermitages that the first hymns were sung. \nWords of wisdom, religion, poetry, history, first \nWere preached in thy forest temples. \nThou art blessed, the eternal dispenser of good; \nThou dost distribute food from land to land. \nThe Ganges and the Jumna are the milk of mercy flowing from thy breasts.\n—Rabindranath Tagore.\n\n### THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS\n\nThe response of India in this crisis of the Empire has been so spontaneous that an account of the Nationalist movement in India may be of some interest. It was after the Government of India was taken over by the people of Britain from the hands of a mere trading corporation that real interest was manifested in India's affairs. The terrible days of the Mutiny were over, and soon after that the late Queen Victoria issued the famous proclamation giving certain rights to the people of India, amongst which it said: \"We hold ourselves bound to the natives of our Indian territories by the same obligations of duty which bind us to all our other subjects.\" This in India is truly called the Magna Charta, for by this the rights of Hindu subjects of the Crown are duly recognized. It is not a mere \"scrap of paper.\"\n\n### EARLY HISTORY OF THE REFORMERS\n\nFollowing the days of racial conflict, passions rose high, and that, too, in a country where the racial question is always more or less acute. It took nearly a generation for the Indians to adjust themselves to the new conditions. Raja Ram Mohun Roy, the great reformer, who early in the last century went over to England to represent India's cause, and who did so much for reforms, political, social, and religious, died in England. It was late in the seventies that the famous leader, Keshub Chunder Sen, accompanied by some students, paid a visit to England. He was cordially received, and three of these students, Romesh Chunder Dutt, Surendro Nath Banerjea, and Krishna Govinda Gupta, rose high in the service of the Motherland.\n\nBut it was in 1884, when the works of these great leaders and of the Swami Dayanand Saraswati, who preached pure Hinduism from one corner of India to the other and founded the Arya Samaj, that steps were taken to organize India politically. Up to that time, the people had not much to say in the administration of their own country. Their voice, if heard at all, was ignored. The bureaucracy in India was a law unto itself, and it was the famous Ilbert Bill controversy which set the ball rolling.\n\nHindus who had received education in the best colleges and universities of the West and the East, learned in law, medicine, business, and other professions, got together and formulated plans to have their opinions heard. The condition in India was like that of Canada in 1837 when, under the leadership of William Lyon Mackenzie in Upper Canada and Papineau in Lower Canada, the people of the then Canada asked for primary rights of self-government, and it was not till Lord Durham came out to Canada as Governor-General and sent his famous despatch that Canada really got what she wanted. The full result of this act received its final consummation in the Confederation of Canada in 1867, granting Provincial autonomy to the various Provinces.\n\n### THE FIRST CONGRESS IN BOMBAY\n\nIn India, things were very similar. The foreign bureaucracy was well entrenched. It scoffed at this microscopic minority in India who asked for their just rights. This great movement, known afterwards in world history as the Indian National Congress, met for the first time in Bombay in December, 1885. There were representatives from all parts of India, great scholars, judges, lawyers, and editors. Mr. W. C. Bannerji, a well-known barrister-at-law of Calcutta, presided. At this day, when a learned Indian is sworn of His Majesty's Privy Council in England, whilst there are two Indians in the Council of the Secretary of State for India in London, and another a judge of the Madras High Court, who has been recently appointed the Minister of Education for India, it seems the beginning of the Congress was auspicious. These were modest men, but they, on behalf of the people of India, asked the primary rights of citizenship granted in India's Magna Charta. India's service to humanity in matters spiritual is recognized over the wide world, but the desire of her sons to make her a nation, which she is geographically as well as racially and otherwise, was very disconcerting to the official class.",
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        "content_text": "FOR REMEMBRANCE.\"\n\n195\n\n(By the blood that our Brothers have bartered for the crosses that mark where they sleep-\n\nBy the bones of the drowned Lusitania that rot in the ooze of the deep-\n\nBy the toll of the grim \"Jolly Roger\"-alack! and the end is not yet-\n\nBy the Terror that slow the Heavens-we swear that we will not forget!)\n\nIn the Dawning of Evil Beginnings (the better to play him a part)\n\nHe came as a friend to our Country (the better to strike at her heart)\n\nWhen he bawled \"Du, Du, liegst mir im Herzen\" and Britain smiled back at the Hun,\n\nNor dreamed he was aching to blow her a kiss from the mouth of a Gun!\n\nO Day of our Midsummer madness-a day that already is dim,\n\nWhen the Meteor rocked in the Solent, and Hatred had never a Hymn,\n\nWhen the Kaiser was cheered by the people-vouchsafed the most gracious of boons-\n\n(And made his respected Grand-parent a Colonel of Prussian Dragoons!)\n\nAt the word of the sly Wilhelm-strasse, the Spy had been sent to our Land,\n\nTo don him the cloak of the Briton, and proffer a treacherous hand,\n\nThe baker, the barber, the waiter, the men who were known in Finance,\n\n(And honour as still with their presence) were lying in wait for their chance.\n\nWhen the storm brooded over the Nations that slumbered nor recked of \"The Day\"\n\nUnheeding the sign in the Heavens-the warning to gird for the fray—\n\n(And ever the clang of the hammer, and ever the glare in the night,\n\nWhere the workers were sweating at Essen to compass our fall in the Fight).\n\nO mischievous band of fanatics that heckle, and blather, and grouse,\n\nThat whimper like peevish old women to shouts of \"Sit down\" in the House,\n\nThat bid us be kind to the Teuton, nay, masters, have never a doubt,\n\nWe'll attend to the gentleman's feelings when Tommy has flattened him out.\n\nAnd you of the anserine scribble, that clamour and cackle for Peace,\n\nPray the Gods to accord you the prescience that marked the Capitoline geese,\n\nWould you have us compound with the Felon!-Would you stab with the quill of your kin\n\nThe lads in the mud of the trenches!-O you who are wilfully blind!\n\nShall we stretch forth the hand of forgiveness?-the hand that was bit to the bone,\n\nWhile the Brute is yet loose and unmuzzled, and ramping the Earth he would own.\n\nWhat hope of the Peace that we sigh for till Europe is breathing again?\n\nTill the Hellhound is back in his kennel, and safe at the end of a chain!\n\n(By the Land that was ravaged and looted-laid waste in \"Necessity's\" name\n\nBy the Captives insulted and spat on-O Wittenberg, great is thy fame!- \n\nBy the score that is steadily mounting-the Devil may chalk up the debt\n\nBe it paid to the uttermost farthing, we swear that we will not forget!)\n\n-M. Glyn-Stewart, in the Globe.",
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        "content_text": "\"FOR REMEMBRANCE.\"\n\n(By the blood that our Brothers have bartered for the crosses that mark where they sleep By the bones of the drowned Lusitania that rot in the case of the deep\n\nBy the toll of the grim \"Jolly Roger\"—alack! and the end is not yet—\n\nBy the Terror that slew the Heavens we swear that we will not forget!)\n\nIn the Dawning of Evil Beginnings (the better to play him a part)\n\nHe came as a friend to our Country (the better to strike at her heart)\n\nWhen he bawled \"Du, Du, liegst mir im Herzen\" and Britain smiled back at the Hun, Nor dreamed he was aching to blow her a kiss from the mouth of a Gun!\n\nO Day of our Midsummer madness—a day that already is dim,\n\nWhen the Meteor rocked in the Solent, and Hatred had never a Hymn,\n\nWhen the Kaiser was cheered by the people—vouchsafed the most gracious of boons—\n\n(And made his respected Grand-parent & Colonel of Prussian Dragoons!)\n\nAt the word of the sly Wilhelm-strasse, the Spy had been sent to our Land,\n\nTo don him the cloak of the Briton, and proffer a treacherous hand,\n\nThe baker, the barber, the waiter, the men who were known in Finance,\n\n(And honour us still with their presence) were lying in wait for their chance.\n\nWhen the storm brooded over the Nations that slumbered nor recked of \"The Day” Unheeding the sign in the Heavens—the warning to gird for the fray—\n\n(And ever the clang of the hammer, and ever the glare in the night, Where the workers were sweating at Essen to compass our fall in the Fight).\n\nO mischievous band of fanatics that heckle, and blather, and grouse,\n\nThat whimper like peevish old women to shouts of \"Sit down\" in the House,\n\nThat bid us be kind to the Teuton, nay, masters, have never a doubt,\n\nWe'll attend to the gentleman's feelings when Tommy has Hattered him out.\n\nAnd you of the anserine scribble, that clamour and rackle for Peace,\n\nPray the Gods to accord you the prescience that marked the Capitoline geese,\n\nWould you have us compound with the Felon?—Would you atone with the quill of your kind\n\nThe lads in the mud of the trenches?—O you who are wilfully blind!\n\nShall we stretch forth the hand of forgiveness—the hand that was bit to the bone,\n\nWhile the Brute is yet loose and unmuzzled, and ramping the Earth he would own. What hope of the Peace that we sigh for till Europe is breathing again?\n\nTill the Hellhound is back in his kennel, and safe at the end of a chain!\n\n(By the Land that was ravaged and looted—laid waste in \"Necessity's\" name—\n\nBy the Captives insulted and spat on—Wittenberg, great is thy fame!—\n\nBy the score that is steadily mounting the Devil may chalk up the debt—\n\nBut it paid to the uttermost farthing, we swear that we will not forget!)\n\nM. Glyn-Stewart, in the Globe.\n\nPage 483\n\n48.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922",
        "page_number": 201,
        "title": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922",
        "content_text": "# MINUTES OF CONFERENCE HELD AT THE WAR OFFICE ON 3rd AUGUST 1922 TO DISCUSS CERTAIN PROPOSALS FOR SURRENDERING CERTAIN W.D. LAND AT VICTORIA AND KOWLOON, HONG KONG, TO CIVIL GOVERNMENT, WHO WILL PROVIDE ALTERNATIVE ACCOMMODATION ELSEWHERE.\n\nPRESENT:\n\nMajor General R.S. Kay, C.E., C.M.G., D.S.O., D.A.Q.M.G.\n\nColonel A.A. McHardy, C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., C. of S. & S., Chairman\n\nColonel J.P. Brooker, C.B., C.M.G., F.W.R.\n\nLieut.Col. H.F.L. Grant, D.S.O., M.O.3.\n\nCaptain A.G.B. Buchanan, F.W.J.\n\nVice Admiral Sir L.E. Power, K.C.B., D. of D., Admiralty\n\nCapt. C.W.R. Royds, C.M.G., R.N., C.H.\n\nColson Esq., O.B.E., M.I.C.E.\n\nMr. H. Beckett\n\nMr. H.C. Gordon\n\nMr. F. Slattery\n\nMr. F.L. Lloyd, D. of F.T. & Sports, Colonial Office\n\nLt. General Sir G.M. Kirkpatrick, K.C.B., K.C.S.I., M.G.O.F.(b)\n\nMajor D.C. Robinson, M.C., Q.M.G.1., M.G.O.F.(b), D.L.1.a.\n\nThe Chairman, after briefly explaining the situation, proposed to go through each memorandum attached to the agenda.\n\nAdmiral Power enquired whether the War Office were retaining the Camber as it might be necessary for a Dockyard extension. He was informed that there was no question of surrendering this.\n\nMemorandum A. on scheme for redistribution of the Garrison.\n\nThe proposed alternative accommodation to be provided by the Colonial Government was generally agreed to. It was pointed out by Lieut. General Sir G.M. Kirkpatrick that the alternative accommodation for the Headquarters Offices at the Detention Barracks, Victoria, would require greatly improving and a local committee on the spot could determine what improvements would be required.\n\nAlso Staff Officers' Quarters would have to be provided at Victoria. Possibly a site near the Detention Barracks would be suitable. Lieut. General Sir G.M. Kirkpatrick pointed out that the Kowloon Reclamation Area, near Customs Jetty, was very important. It was an ideal site for setting up an Ordnance Depot and a Base to receive supplies of all sorts by sea. There were great possibilities for expansion, and excellent sites existed for a seaplane base to be installed.\n\nMemorandum B...",
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    },
    {
        "id": 493850,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922",
        "page_number": 241,
        "title": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922",
        "content_text": "# MINUTES OF CONFERENCE HELD AT THE WAR OFFICE ON 3rd AUGUST, 1922, TO DISCUSS CERTAIN PROPOSALS FOR SURRENDERING CERTAIN W.D. LAND AT VICTORIA AND KOWLOON, HONG KONG, TO CIVIL GOVERNMENT, WHO WILL PROVIDE ALTERNATIVE ACCOMMODATION ELSEWHERE.\n\n238\n\nPRESENT\n\n+\n\nD.S.O., D.M.Q.\n\nF.V.3.L.O.3. F.W.3.\n\nChairman,\n\nMajor General R.S. May, C.B., D.A.G.\n\nColonel A.A. Le Hardy, C.B., C.M.G. D.S.O., D. of S. & S.\n\nColonel E.P. Brooker, C.B., C.M.G.,\n\nLieut. Col. H.F.L. Grant, D.S.O.\n\nCaptain A.G.B. Buchanan.\n\nVice-Admiral Sir L.E. Power, K.C.B.,\n\nC. in C.\n\nCaptain C.R.V. Royds, C.I.O., R.N.\n\nC.H. Colson Esq., O.B.E., H.K.G.F. (b)\n\nMr. H. Beckett.\n\nMr. H.C. Gordon,\n\nLir F. Slattery.\n\nMr. F.L. Lloyd.\n\nD. of D. Admiralty.\n\nD. of P.T. and Sports.\n\nC.E. in C. Admiralty, Colonial Office, H.K.G.F. (b) M.G.O.F.\n\nD.L.1.a.\n\nLt. Gen. Sir G.H. Kirkpatrick, K.C.B., K.C.S.I.\n\nMajor D.C. Robinson, M.G.\n\nQ.M.G.1.\n\nThe Chairman, after briefly explaining the situation, proposed to go through each memorandum attached to the agenda.\n\nAdmiral Power then inquired whether the War Office were retaining the Canber and the adjacent land on the sea side of Wellington Barracks, as he considered it important that this land, which was bounded on both sides by Admiralty property, should be transferred to the Admiralty in case the War Office wished to dispose of it.\n\nHe was informed that at present there was no question of surrendering this land, but that should its surrender become advisable in the future, the Admiralty would be informed.\n\nMemorandum A. on scheme for redistribution of the Garrison.\n\nThe proposed alternative accommodation to be provided by the Colonial Government was generally agreed to. It was pointed out by Lieut. General Sir G.H. Kirkpatrick that the alternative accommodation for the Headquarter Offices at the Detention Barracks, Victoria, would require greatly improving and a local committee on the spot could determine what improvements would be required.\n\nAlso, Staff Officers' Quarters would have to be provided at Victoria. Possibly a site near the Detention Barracks would be suitable. Lieut. General Sir G.H. Kirkpatrick pointed out that the Kowloon Reclamation Area, near Customs Jetty, was a very important one. It was an ideal site for setting up an Ordnance Depot and a Base to receive supplies of all sorts by sea. There were great possibilities for expansion and excellent sites existed for a seaplane base to be installed.\n\nMemorandum B.\n\nAfter considerable discussion, the meeting came to the unanimous conclusion that certain proposals put up by Major General Sir J.B. Fowler could not be agreed to.\n\nAt Appendix A. to these minutes is a copy of a letter that it is proposed to send in reply, which embodies the results of such discussion.\n\nThe",
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    },
    {
        "id": 493954,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922",
        "page_number": 345,
        "title": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922",
        "content_text": "24\n\nFrench-perhaps we may even establish entirely French institutions of learning. The famous German university of Shanghai, which has been changed since the war into a Franco-Chinese institution, seems clearly marked out to become an important centre of French culture in China. In China, as well as in Paris, we shall seek to make our efforts felt in the intellectual domain. We have no idea of establishing anything like French domination in China. What we desire is to safeguard our moral interests. This, in my estimation, is the best way to achieve that economic alliance between France and China which it will be necessary for us to form with the Chinese Republic if we are to maintain the position in the Far East which we occupied there before the war.\n\nM. Painlevé was asked whether he would co-operate in his work with the missionaries in China. \"We do not underestimate the services rendered by them to the cause of France,\" he replied, \"and we shall work in harmony with them, though we think that instruction by French laymen teachers is at present absolutely necessary.\"\n\nGermany. Before the war, the Germans had realised the importance of the education of Chinese, and were operating about a dozen schools in the Shanghai, Hankow, and Kwangtung districts, chief of which was the German engineering and medical school at Shanghai, which provided for about 570 students, and the German-Chinese high school at Tsingtao, which provided for about 520 students. An ambitious and interesting outline for a German school system for China is given in \"A Memorial for the Advancement of German Interests in China,\" issued by the German Association of Shanghai, April 1918 (reprinted in \"Democracy and the Eastern Question\" by T. F. Millard, pp. 432-440). This scheme involves an initial expense of 2,514,000 dollars ($250,000), and an annual expense of 1,769,250 dollars ($170,000). It would provide 9 middle schools in treaty ports, 35 mission middle schools, 5 technical schools, subsidies to 440 schools, and the maintenance of 300 students in Germany each year. This memorial gives the following useful figures with regard to foreign educational establishments actually existing in China in 1913.\n\n  \n    PROTESTANT MISSIONS\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Lower Schools\n    Schools\n    Scholars\n  \n  \n    \n    1,445\n    32,303\n  \n  \n    Middle and High Schools\n    241\n    4,862\n  \n  \n    English\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1,992\n    44,354\n  \n  \n    German\n    164\n    7,552\n  \n  \n    American\n    286\n    15,028\n  \n  \n    \n    15\n    523\n  \n  \n    CATHOLIC MISSIONS\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Lower\n    6,877 schools\n    126,305 scholars\n  \n  \n    Middle and High\n    157 schools\n    6,545 scholars\n  \n\nFurther, it is observed, \"The strength of English and American schools has thus far consisted more in the number than in the quality of the culture given. Moreover, these schools have wasted much valuable energy by drawing without distinction from all classes of society. We would confine ourselves to those circles which are destined to play a leading part, namely, to the upper strata of the intellectual and commercial classes, and to take into our field of endeavour only those provinces on which depend the future economic development of the country, and which produce the strongest men both in intelligence and character,\" viz., Chihli, Shantung, Shansi, Hunan, Hupeh, Szechuan, Kiangsu, Chekiang, Yunnan, and Kwangtung.\n\nThe war has killed these ambitious schemes, and the German schools in China were all closed. But a newspaper report (\"Daily Mail\" of the 27th November, 1920) announces the arrival in Berlin of twelve Chinese students, \"a new German school has already opened in Shanghai.\"\n\n25\n\nJapan. As Japan provides the nearest and cheapest way of access to occidental knowledge, it is not surprising that a large number of Chinese students, about 3,000 according to the \"Japan Year Book,\" 1920-21, are to be found in that country. Owing to the contemptuous way in which they have been treated, most of these return to China with a strong anti-Japanese bias. But the Japanese authorities are making efforts to improve these conditions. Two societies exist in Japan, supported by the Government, by the big firms, and by eminent private persons, for propagating Japanese influence in China. Of these, the Dojinkwai has established hospitals in three or four centres in China; and the Dobunkwai runs a school in Shanghai (\"Dobun-Shoin\") for Chinese and Japanese pupils. A careful educational system for Chinese is provided by the Government of the Kwangtung Leased Territory, and by the South Manchurian Railway. We know that the Japanese Government are considering the remission of the Boxer indemnity; and it is no doubt upon the availability of some such fund that ambitious Japanese educationalists are reckoning. It is reported from Japanese sources in Dairen that it is understood that the raising of the South Manchuria medical college at Mukden, and the engineering college at Port Arthur, each to the rank of a university, is only a question of time (see enclosures to Tokyo despatch No. 505 of the 3rd November, 1920).\n\nGreat Britain. The British missionary activities in China are second in importance only to the American, but, as Sir J. Jordan points out in his despatch No. 348 of the 23rd July, 1918, they are constantly hampered by \"the eternal want of pence.\" The war and the high exchange have affected them most adversely. As a result, many of the missionary educational establishments are in low water, as, for instance, the admirable Anglo-Chinese college at Tien-tsin, which, if it cannot raise large funds to place itself on a broader and more advanced basis, must accept an offer made by the American Methodist Mission to combine with them and carry on a joint school (Sir J. Jordan's despatch No. 40 of the 23rd January, 1920). Similarly, the British side of the Shantung Christian University (with its important school of medicine) is suffering from lack of funds; and there is a danger that the American side of this joint enterprise will absorb the whole institution (Sir J. Jordan's despatch No. 52 of the 30th January, 1920).\n\nOf non-missionary educational enterprises, the Hong Kong University is by far the most important. This is the only British educational institution in the Far East which confers degrees. The formation of the university was formally advocated by the Governor of Hong Kong in December 1907. Mr. H. N. Mody (afterwards Sir H. N. Mody) offered to erect the necessary buildings at a cost of 150,000 dollars (£15,000), and to contribute 30,000 dollars (£3,000) towards an endowment fund. Messrs. Butterfield and Swire also contributed £40,000 towards the fund, which before the end of 1909 had reached 1,279,164 dollars (£127,000). The university was opened on the 11th March, 1912. It cannot be called an unqualified success. It has only some 200-300 students. Of this number, one-half are from Hong Kong and British Malaya. The remainder are Chinese Government scholars; and the number of self-supporting students from China is so insignificant as to be negligible. The principal deterrents are (1) the disfavour shown by the Northern Chinese towards a South China university, (2) the high standard of English required for matriculation, (3) the comparatively expensive nature of the education, e.g., the annual cost for a student at Hong Kong is about 800 dollars (£80), or about 50% less than the Chinese Government allowance to a scholar at a foreign university abroad. Recent accounts state that the Hong Kong University, which hitherto had at any rate paid its way, showed a deficit of 715,000 dollars (£71,000) in 1919. A Government Commission urged immediate financial assistance and expressed an opinion that the university must widen its scope if it is to take its proper part in the development now in progress in China. In particular, there is felt to be a need for improvement in the medical and engineering departments. Sir Robert Ho Tung has recently made a gift of 100,000 dollars (£10,000) to the university for the endowment of workshops under the Faculty of Engineering.\n\nIn Great Britain itself, there are (according to newspapers) about 270 Chinese students.\n\nIt may not be out of place to note the Japanese system of ryugakusei (Japanese students abroad). The Japanese Government sends to each university and higher educational centre in Japan asking the principals to select their most promising students. About a hundred of these are then chosen and are given travelling fellowships. The allowance is generally 2,400 yen (£240) for Europe and the United States of America, and 1,800 yen (£180) for China. Besides the Government students, there were about 2,100 private ryugakusei in 1918. The majority go to the United States of America. (See Appendix.)\n\n[6823]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 494834,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-479 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 379,
        "title": "CO129-479 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "M Chatham\n\nMINUTES.\n\nAs proposed. Copies should go to\n\nSir J. Swettenham\n\nSir N. Stabb, M Ezechiel &\n\nMr Scott:\n\nof\n\n13\n\nSo James Ferguson.\n\nThis raises a rather difficult question. From\n\nthe strictly departmental\n\nview\n\nwe should of course be glad for\n\nboth proposals to be adopted,\n\nbut we do not\n\nfeel that Hong Kong will be adequately represented under they are.\n\nIf you see no\n\nobjection from the broader\n\npoint of view,\n\nwe might send\n\nthe telegram to our Far Eastern\n\nrepresentative.\n\nMINUTES NOT TO BE WRITTEN ON THIS SIDE.\n\nPage 374\n\nBut if you think\n\nThe Secretary-General ought to object to\n\nthis proposal it would be wise\n\nto give them a\n\nhint to that effect.\n\nI think we might at least have\n\na Chinese restaurant.\n\nStrong is full of them.\n\n9.6 / 6.2.17\n\nHouse\n\nSir Gilbert Grindle The C.O representation\n\non the Management Committee\n\nmight be canvassed.\n\nSome opined the Chinese Restaurant\n\nScandalously fat. I wrote there\n\nventing that.\n\nLoudly voiced by the Dominion at present.\n\nPersonally I should\n\nlike to see it.\n\nThen instead of the\n\na colourful letter.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-479 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [1-3].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 499901,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7]",
        "page_number": 305,
        "title": "CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7]",
        "content_text": "## 12 AUG 1925\n\n**FOR CIRCULATION:-**\n\n**C.O. 33482**\n**22 JUL 25**\n**291**\n\nMr. Ar Asst. U.S. of S.\nMr. Perm U.S. of S.\nMr. Park U.S. of S.\nSecretary of State.\n\n**Previous Paper**\n`50-31721`\n\nMilitary hands Question.\n17 June\nlages that question of price placed on the land by Sir J.Oakley be reconsidered on broader lines & that some action Army Cal be induced to take.\n\n**MINUTES**\n\nDelayed for th. to Che ? Get off aft tel. to fathe\n\n**Subsequent Paper**\n`38738`\n\n| MMALS | WC. 17813 | 38 Op. 140 | 50000 | 12-24 | W&S Ltd. |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  |  | of there land |\n|  |  |  |  |  | тow.o. ser. Ift. for Kranging |\n|  |  |  |  |  | +/0. |\n|  |  |  |  |  | `31721` desp. obier...z. At once | \n4",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 499904,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7]",
        "page_number": 308,
        "title": "CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7]",
        "content_text": "43499 \n\n207 \n\nthis direction and that it would be politic for them to do so as unquestionably the intense and universal irritation against the Tar Office which has been caused by their policy in the matter of the military lands is doing harm to the reputation of His Majesty's Government among the Chinese community and is likely to be detrimental to the interests of the military in the future. A further point is that the powers of compulsory acquisition which would be used if these lands were in private possession cannot be employed in respect of land held by the military. We cannot, therefore, take over the land at a price fixed by the usual arbitration tribunal but, if we have to pay, must pay the price put upon it by Sir John Oakley at the time of a land-boom which is now entirely over. There can be no doubt whatever that any arbitration tribunal now would assess the land in question at only a fraction of the value placed upon it by Sir John Oakley.\n\nI would urge that this question be reconsidered on broader lines.\n\n4. As regards the question of housing accommodation, referred to in paragraph 4 of the War Office letter, there should be no difficulty in securing adequate accommodation but the proviso that 'the rents to be paid shall be commensurate with the rents now being paid for the houses at present occupied' requires some elucidation. Rents would have risen continuously if they had not been restricted by the Rents Ordinance which I hope will come to an end next year, and it is obviously impossible to guarantee that houses will be available in the future at the rents payable in 1920 (which is the figure to which they are limited by the Rents Ordinance). We can, I think, guarantee that suitable accommodation will be available at rentals which are fair for that class of property and I have",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 510622,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-504-13 Chinese situation- request from General Li Chai-sum for assistance in obtaining arms and ammunition 27-4-1927 - 6-10-1927",
        "page_number": 29,
        "title": "CO129-504-13 Chinese situation- request from General Li Chai-sum for assistance in obtaining arms and ammunition 27-4-1927 - 6-10-1927",
        "content_text": "## 29\n\n\n2 \n\nfrom Chinese civil warfare, and that all the best Chinese public opinion was solidly against the import of arms from foreign sources.\n\nIn the autumn of 1925, the Foreign Office, as the result of their study of the question, forwarded to His Majesty's Minister for his observations and recommendations two papers—the one a letter from Mr. Teichman, then on leave in England, and the other a memorandum by Mr. Ashton-Gwatkin, on the subject of the arms embargo (see Foreign Office despatch No. 831 of the 23rd September, 1925). In the former, Mr. Teichman recommended that some of the objections to the arms embargo could be met by the removal, so far as British subjects were concerned, of aeroplanes from its scope, and the consequent abolition of all restrictions on the export of aeroplanes from the United Kingdom to China, and by the further step of repealing our China King's Regulations and carrying out our arms embargo policy in future by means of prohibition of export from Great Britain (instead of prohibition of import into China); and he further suggested, with reference to the general question of policy involved in the embargo, that Germany, Russia, and any other Power concerned, not party to the arms embargo understanding, should be invited to adhere to its principles, and also that, failing their acceptance, or perhaps in any case, we might even reverse our policy to the extent of attempting to apply the embargo in future in co-operation with the Chinese Government; and that the time had come to accord to the Kuo Min-tang administration in Kuangtung in this and other matters the same measure of de facto recognition as was given to the Peking Government; this suggestion, postulating the existence of two Governments in China, amounted, in effect, to a reversion to pre-embargo conditions to the extent that export of arms would be permitted on production of a licence issued by either Northern or Southern Governments. Mr. Ashton-Gwatkin, in his memorandum, emphasised the point that by their existing policy, His Majesty's Government were permitting our enemies in China to arm themselves freely from Russian sources while keeping our friends unarmed; and he recommended that His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires at Peking should be instructed to inform the Diplomatic Body that, in view of the complete change in conditions since the embargo was initiated, His Majesty's Government proposed to withdraw from it altogether, and to allow British subjects to deal freely in arms in China, subject always to such restrictions as might be imposed by the Chinese Government.\n\n5. His Majesty's Minister submitted his views in reply in his despatch No. 47 of the 19th January, 1926. In this despatch, Sir R. Macleay pointed out that the situation had changed once more during the past few months, that there had been a further general political disintegration, and that the Kuo Min-chun group in the North, which had the previous year identified itself with the anti-British movement, and which had in the meanwhile come to control the Peking Government, was professing to hold out the hand of friendship; the considerations existing the previous summer in favour of a departure from a policy of strict neutrality on the part of His Majesty's Government had lost some of their force; Chinese public opinion continued to be strongly against the import of arms from foreign sources, and the Chinese Government themselves had issued a mandate announcing their intention of ceasing the importation of arms from abroad. This mandate was, of course, a mere paper gesture in existing political conditions, but Sir R. Macleay considered that in all the circumstances, the moment was inopportune for anything like a public withdrawal from the embargo, and he recommended that the situation would best be met by amending our King's Regulations and definitely excluding aeroplanes from their scope.\n\n6. In the meantime, appeals for assistance in the form of munitions of war continued to be made to His Majesty's Government by the anti-Kuo Min-tang leaders, more particularly by Wu Pei-fu. As a result of the above examination of the question, the Foreign Office (in despatch No. 267 of the 13th April, 1926) declared in favour of a relaxation of the embargo in a manner calculated to enable British firms to compete with foreigners in supplying arms to a future stable and friendly Chinese Government for legitimate requirements of defence; and they proposed, when a fairly stable Government had been established in power, to replace our arms embargo restrictions by a policy of applying to British subjects the Chinese law prohibiting the import of arms. They further proposed that, in the meanwhile, the hardships from which British merchants were suffering should be mitigated by a less rigid application of the King's Regulations, and the definite exclusion of aeroplanes from the scope of our interpretation of the embargo understanding.\n\nThis was done.\n\n3 \n\n7. Since that time, the main issue has become somewhat obscured by a discussion between the Foreign Office and the Legation about the application to British subjects of the Chinese law prohibiting the import of arms (see Legation despatch No. 522 of the 12th July, 1926; Foreign Office letter of the 28th January, 1927; and Legation reply of the 7th April last). It seems to me unnecessary to complicate this already difficult question by considering the question of the applicability of the Chinese code at all, seeing that the import of arms, except to the order of the Chinese Government, is, and always has been, prohibited by Customs regulations based on a treaty provision, and, therefore, operative against British subjects; while with regard to the technical point as to the meaning of article 74(3) of the Order in Council, making punishable in a British court anyone importing into China goods the importation of which is forbidden \"by law,\" and the ruling of His Majesty's Supreme Court that the word \"law\" means the law of China concurred in by His Majesty's Government in some public document, I should have thought that such concurrence was, in fact, adequately expressed in rule 3 of the Rules of Trade, and that a British subject smuggling arms through the Customs could be punished under the Order in Council by a British court, as he would presumably be for any other form of smuggling in violation of treaty tariff provisions.\n\n8. The last paper from this Legation on the question is represented by my despatch above referred to (No. 318 of the 4th April), which again raises the point that the hostile South is being supplied without let or hindrance with arms from Russian sources, while, in pursuance of our arms embargo policy, we not only prevent British interests from supplying arms to the friendly North, but use the machinery of our Eastern ports of call to prevent the latter securing arms from any source. In the meanwhile, the situation in regard to the embargo has momentarily taken yet another turn, in that the Extremist Nationalist clique established since last autumn at Hankow, which has hitherto been so freely supplied with arms from Russian sources, now finds itself for the time being cut off from the coast by a rival Nationalist faction, which professes to have turned against the Russian domination of the Kuo Min-tang, and which has even appealed to us for assistance in the supply of arms (see Canton telegram to Foreign Office No. 32 of the 6th May, 1927).\n\n9. As I understand the position, the present policy of His Majesty's Government is that we should withdraw from the arms embargo as soon as a friendly Chinese Government has been established, and replace it by the enforcement on British subjects of the Chinese law prohibiting the import of arms (or, rather, in my view, by the ordinary Customs prohibition based on the treaty prohibition). There is, however, obviously little prospect at the present time of the establishment of such a Government; and the question arises as to whether we should continue our present policy while we wait for its emergence. His Excellency the Governor of Hong Kong has long been pressing for our withdrawal from the embargo, and he has recently again raised the matter in connection with the supply of arms to General Li Chai-sum at Canton, and it will be noted from the enclosed copy of a minute by the commercial counsellor to His Majesty's Legation that Mr. Fox supports the view that the time has come for us to withdraw from the embargo. From the point of view of immediate political expediency, there can be no question but that the embargo is, from our point of view, objectionable and prejudicial to our interests. Taking, however, a broader and longer view, it may very well be questioned whether, if we freed ourselves from it, we should not in fact land ourselves in even greater difficulties. In the first place, we should have to give formal notification to the other Powers concerned of our withdrawal, which would be broadcast by our enemies as an indication that we intended to afford material support to one military faction against another. Any public withdrawal from the embargo at the present time is bound to be misrepresented to, and to invite severe criticism in many quarters. There is little doubt that we might find a certain class of British subjects mixed up in all kinds of shady transactions in arms, involving complications and conflict with the various Chinese military factions. Apart from its moral aspect and from a political point of view, the question of the arms embargo turned largely on the point as to whether or not we are going to continue our policy of strict neutrality in Chinese civil wars and whether we wish to intervene on one side or the other. In this connection, the views attributed to Sir J. Jamieson in Foreign Office letter to the Colonial Office of the 5th January last (see Foreign Office despatch No. 16 of the 10th January) are undoubtedly very much to the point, namely, that disadvantageous the agreement may be to British interests at present, it does definitely prevent Great Britain from becoming identified in Chinese eyes with any one of the \n\n## 30",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-504-13 Chinese situation- request from General Li Chai-sum for assistance in obtaining arms and ammunition 27-4-1927 - 6-10-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 515493,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-511-11 Estimates- 1929 21-9-1928 - 14-11-1928",
        "page_number": 25,
        "title": "CO129-511-11 Estimates- 1929 21-9-1928 - 14-11-1928",
        "content_text": "2.\n\njustifiable to provide this amount out of surplus balances and without resort to increased taxation provided that the reserve of $2,000,000 can still be maintained. It should be noted that the rate of exchange has been estimated at $1.- 1/11/4d, as for last year.\n\n3. A complete explanation of the Estimates of Expenditure allowing for proper comparison with previous years involves a great mass of detail: and the example of last year when the items of Public Works Extraordinary were presented fully in written form, has been followed with a view to including all the details of Departmental Expenditure. The tabular statement circulated with the draft estimates is complete and it is hoped is in a form which is clear and which will provide an easy method of reference. The tables should result in economising the time of the Council, and with permission, Sir, I propose to omit matters which can be easily found in the statements, and confine myself as far as possible to broader lines of explanation.\n\n4. The salaries of a large part of the Government service have been under review for some time and in accordance with Sir Cecil Clementi's recommendations to the Secretary of State it is anticipated that a Revision Commission will shortly sit to consider the matter comprehensively. Meanwhile certain temporary provisional additions have been approved by the Secretary of State and have been entered in the draft estimates. All those additions were put to the Finance Committee of the Legislative Council\n\n25",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-511-11 Estimates- 1929 21-9-1928 - 14-11-1928.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 520268,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-519-1 Estimates for 1930 5-9-1929 - 14-11-1929",
        "page_number": 112,
        "title": "CO129-519-1 Estimates for 1930 5-9-1929 - 14-11-1929",
        "content_text": "4 \n\nand I have already dealt with them in some detail in the resolutions moved earlier in the present meeting to provide funds for their continuance during the coming year, while the Water Works have been made the special subject of Your Excellency's address this afternoon. \n\nI come then, Sir, to the Estimates of Expenditure for the year 1930. The notes in the draft Estimates, the usual annotated abstract of differences in expenditure, and the memorandum of the Hon. Director of Public Works on the works provided for under Public Works Extraordinary will afford Hon. Members much information on points of detail and will I hope justify me in restricting myself to the broader aspects of the Budget. \n\nHon. Members will see that the total expenditure is estimated at $27,268,515 of which $1,787,650 is required for Public Works Recurrent and $3,840,750 for Public Works Extraordinary, while I need hardly remind Hon. Members that the Bill now before them, in which the total expenditure is given as $22,038,879 does not include the sums of $3,865,560 for Military Contribution and $1,364,076 for Public Debt Charges though these items are included in the printed Estimates of Expenditure. \n\nThere are increases under nearly every Head and in explanation of this I would observe that for \n\nthe \n\n## Page 118",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-519-1 Estimates for 1930 5-9-1929 - 14-11-1929.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 521696,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930",
        "page_number": 137,
        "title": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930",
        "content_text": "136\n\nTelegram from Sir M. Lampson (Peking), 27th March, 1930.\n\nYour telegram of March 20th.\n\n27\n\nSince we do not yet seem to be very clear as to broader aspects of this question would it not be as well to defer for the present communication by Hongkong to Inspector General of Customs of new draft agreement?\n\nHowever non-committal letter to Maze may be he can hardly make any written reply without submitting agreement to members of Chinese government. This will only lead to further discussion of details which seems undesirable if it can be avoided as long as there is any doubt as to principles governing our policy.\n\nIf object is to ascertain what reaction of Chinese government to proposed amendments is (grp. undec.) I could probably find that out when I go south early next month. It seems to me that it will only complicate matters to send him revised draft now.\n\nPoints on which I am still not clear are (1) is there much smuggling, and (2) is agreement intrinsically of value to Hongkong and what effect is it likely to have if no agreement is signed for the time being?\n\nAnswer to (1) is a question of fact on which I have never had sufficient data to form an idea. If smuggling is now so rampant as to become at any moment a cause of serious friction between Chinese and ourselves some arrangement is clearly advisable. But of what kind?\n\nIf customs are allowed to function freely at Hongkong is there not a danger of assimilating Hongkong to the status of a treaty port and strengthening irredentist idea.\n\nPage 137\n...\n...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 524141,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-523-6 Criticism of Hong Kong Administration 29-1-1930 - 3-3-1930",
        "page_number": 15,
        "title": "CO129-523-6 Criticism of Hong Kong Administration 29-1-1930 - 3-3-1930",
        "content_text": "January 29th, 1930. | 5\n\nbenefit of pseudo-British Chinese-owned tonnage under the British flag in Inland Waters trades, which however is definitely for the benefit neither of real British shipowners nor British prestige. We cannot too strongly urge upon you our opinion, that it is essential in the future interests of British trade in China, which so greatly depends on friendly Anglo-Chinese relations, for this Agreement with the Customs to be completed and that, as the quid pro quo demanded by Hong Kong stands in the way of this result, it should not be insisted on.\n\nThis culmination has led us, who as sugar refiners and shipbuilders in Hong Kong are just as vitally concerned with the prosperity of Hong Kong, as we are as shipowners concerned with Anglo-Chinese relations as a whole, to call for two Memoranda on the subject of the Colony, which we venture to enclose in the hope, that they may perhaps be of some interest and use to you. In these we have thought it better to be quite frank. In our view the present administration is entirely behind the times and what would have passed muster in days gone by now lends itself to criticism, which we feel ought to be voiced in the national interest.\n\nIn this letter we have dealt mainly with the broader national aspect of the question and have more or less disregarded the details of internal administration; but at the same time it is only right to add, that the shipping community is by no means satisfied, that the Harbour Office is acting in the best interests of British shipping.\n\nWe are, Sir,\n\nYour obedient Servants,\n\nsigned John Swire & Sons\n\nThe Under Secretary of State for the Colonies",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-523-6 Criticism of Hong Kong Administration 29-1-1930 - 3-3-1930.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 524153,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-523-6 Criticism of Hong Kong Administration 29-1-1930 - 3-3-1930",
        "page_number": 27,
        "title": "CO129-523-6 Criticism of Hong Kong Administration 29-1-1930 - 3-3-1930",
        "content_text": "J. S. & S. LTD.\n\nJanuary 29th, 1930.\n\n2.\n\nbenefit of pseudo-British Chinese-owned tonnage under the British flag in Inland Waters trades, which however is definitely for the benefit neither of real British shipowners nor British prestige. We cannot too strongly urge upon you our opinion, that it is essential in the future interests of British trade in China, which so greatly depends on friendly Anglo-Chinese relations, for this Agreement with the Customs to be completed and that, as the quid pro quo demanded by Hong Kong stands in the way of this result, it should not be insisted on.\n\nThis culmination has led us, who as sugar refiners and shipbuilders in Hong Kong are just as vitally concerned with the prosperity of Hong Kong, as we are as shipowners concerned with Anglo-Chinese relations as a whole, to call for two Memoranda on the subject of the Colony, which we venture to enclose in the hope, that they may perhaps be of some interest and use to you. In these we have thought it better to be quite frank. In our view the present administration is entirely behind the times and what would have passed muster in days gone by now lends itself to criticism, which we feel ought to be voiced in the national interest.\n\nIn this letter we have dealt mainly with the broader national aspect of the question and have more or less disregarded the details of internal administration; but at the same time it is only right to add, that the shipping community is by no means satisfied, that the Harbour Office is acting in the best interests of British shipping.\n\nWe are, Sir,\n\nYour obedient Servants\n\nThe Under Secretary of State for the Colonies\n\nS.W.1.\n\nWhen buried korda",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-523-6 Criticism of Hong Kong Administration 29-1-1930 - 3-3-1930.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 533131,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933",
        "page_number": 105,
        "title": "CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933",
        "content_text": "166\n\nE. A. AYLMER\n\nThe Chinese Grey-spotted Flycatcher (Hemichelidon griseisticta) not common first seen on 18th May.\n\nThe Siberian Flycatcher (Hemichelidon sibirica sibirica) a few only were seen amongst the fir trees on 19th May and 21st May.\n\nLast year a pair was observed on 15th May. The Tricolour Flycatcher (Xanthopygia narcissina xanthopygia): A pair of these beautiful little birds was seen on the 18th May. The flycatchers left after only a very short halt on the island.\n\nThe Shrikes-The Philippine Red-tailed Shrikes (Lanius cristatus lucionensis) appeared on the 15th May, four days earlier than last year; they increased in numbers daily and soon both their song and loud rasping call was heard everywhere amongst the tall acacia trees where they nest freely.\n\nThe Bull-headed Shrike (Lanius bucephalus) and the Thick-billed Shrike (Lanius tigrinus) were seen on 23rd May and 28th May respectively but they stayed for no length of time, this bears out the observations we made of these species in May last year.\n\nBoth Temmick's Cormorant (Phalacrocorax capillatus) and the Sea Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pelagicus pelagicus) were seen in larger numbers than usual early in May, a few remained all the summer; by the middle of August, many had returned.\n\nThe Chinese Greenfinch (Chloris sinica sinica) was again found to be our commonest bird. They were in small flocks to begin with but soon paired off and began nesting by the second week in May. We hold to the opinion that both Chloris sinica sinica and C. s. ussuriensis are to be found nesting on the island. Though it is known that the adult birds of the same species differ to some extent in plumage and size, yet there is no doubt that some birds are larger than others with heavier bills and a lighter grey on the crown, nape, and hind neck.\n\nThe Larks-the identity of the two commonest larks has been established, namely:-\n\nThe North China Crested Lark (Galerida cristata leautungensis) nests of this bird were found in cultivation, close to the shore; on one occasion a nest containing eggs was found on earth that had been lately turned. A fine songster, the local Chinese favour this bird as a cage bird.\n\nThe North China Sand Lark (Alaudula minor cheleensis) is abundant throughout the summer months nesting on the sandy dunes and flats along the coast.\n\nThe bird appears to be double-brooded; a nest of this bird was found close to that of the Eastern Kentish Plover (Aegialitis cantiana). Nests are found on the sand dunes and flats along the coast. Messrs. Vaughan and Jones mention both species as nesting along the coast at Weihai-wei and Chefoo. It was noticed that this sand lark prefers to sing whilst on the ground.\n\nThe Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus telephonus) was first heard on 14th May, several of these birds remained on the island throughout the summer.\n\nThe Hong Kong Naturalist.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 533132,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933",
        "page_number": 106,
        "title": "CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933",
        "content_text": "143\n\n144\n\n166\n\nE. A. AYLMER\n\nThe Chinese Grey-spotted Flycatcher (Hemichelidon griseisticta) not common: first seen on 18th May.\n\nThe Siberian Flycatcher (Hemichelidon sibirica sibirica) a few only were seen amongst the fir trees on 19th May and 21st May.\n\nThe Tricolour Flycatcher (Xanthopygia narcissina xanthopygia): A pair of these beautiful little birds was seen on the 18th May. Last year a pair was observed on 15th May. The flycatchers left after only a short halt on the island.\n\nvery\n\nThe Shrikes-The Philippine Red-tailed Shrikes (Lanius cristatus lucionensis) appeared on the 15th May, four days earlier than last year; they increased in numbers daily and soon both their song and loud rasping call was heard everywhere amongst the tall acacia trees where they nest freely.\n\nThe Bull-headed Shrike (Lanius bucephalus) and the Thick-billed Shrike (Lanius tigrinus) were seen on 23rd May and 28th May respectively but they stayed for no length of time, this bears out the observations we made of these species in May last year.\n\nBoth Temmick's Cormorant (Phalacrocorax capillatus) and the Sea Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pelagicus pelagicus) were seen in larger numbers than usual early in May, a few remained all the summer; by the middle of August, many had returned.\n\nThe Chinese Greenfinch (Chloris sinica sinica) was again found to be our commonest bird. They were in small flocks to begin with but soon paired off and began nesting by the second week in May. We hold to the opinion that both Chloris sinica sinica and C. s. ussuriensis are to be found nesting on the island. Though it is known that the adult birds of the same species differ to some extent in plumage and size, yet there is no doubt that some birds are larger than others with heavier bills and a lighter grey on the crown, nape and hind neck.\n\nThe Larks the identity of the two commonest larks has been established, namely:\n\nThe North China Crested Lark (Galerida cristata leautungensis) nests of this bird were found in cultivation, close to the shore; on one occasion a nest containing eggs was found on earth that had been lately turned. fine songster, the local Chinese favour this bird as a cage bird.\n\nA\n\nThe North China Sand Lark (Alaudula minor cheleensis) is abundant throughout the summer months nesting on the sandy dunes and flats along the coast.\n\nThe bird appears to be double brooded, a nest of this bird was found close to that of the Eastern Kentish Plover (Aegialitis cantiana). Nests are found on the sand dunes and flats along the coast.\n\nMessrs. Vaughan and Jones mention both species as nesting along the coast at Wei-hai-wei and Chefoo. It was noticed that this sand lark prefers to sing whilst on the ground.\n\nThe Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus telephonus) was first heard on 14th May, several of these birds remained on the island throughout the summer.\n\nThe Hong Kong Naturalist.\n\nWei-hai-wei, Bird Watching\n\n167\n\nOn 6th May, a nightjar was watched asleep on a flat stone in a fir wood; the bird was approached to within a few feet and was without doubt the Eastern Nightjar (Caprimulgus indicus jotaka). Many nightjars arrived on the island at the beginning of September; they could be seen hawking insects at sunset every evening around the gardens of the Island Hotel, presumably these were the same species.\n\nThe Gulls.\n\nAt times quite a number were seen in the harbour, the Japanese Gull (Larus crassirostris) being the commonest. The Eastern Herring Gull (Larus argentatus vegae) was also seen often, a number of these immature birds arrived in August showing their mottled grey and brown plumage. There was one other gull seen occasionally, it appeared to be the Slaty-backed Gull (Larus schistisagus) referred to in S. R. Ascherson's notes, see H.K. Nat. Vol. III No. 1 pages 8 and 10. As no kites were seen at Wei-hai-wei, this would account for the increase in the number of gulls in the harbour. It is curious that at Chefoo, which is only some forty miles along the coast, the Black-eared Kite is seen in quantities. It looks as if the kites and gulls have come to some understanding to their mutual benefit.\n\nThe Forest Wagtail (Dendronanthus indicus) again nested in the island; two pairs were watched, these remained throughout the nesting season -unfortunately no nest was found this year. The birds were also seen in the mainland.\n\nThe Buntings. I have little to add to last year's notes, the birds arrived and departed exactly as they did last year. One noticed that the Chinese Meadow Buntings (Emberiza cioides castaneiceps) did not appear to be nesting in such quantities as last year. A flock of Grey-headed Black-faced Buntings (Emberiza spodocephala spodocephala) was seen about for a few days, they were first seen on 20th August. This is a new species for our records.\n\nA flock of Grey Minivets (Pericrocotus cinereus) was observed on 6th May; they were feeding in the acacia trees; they were not seen again until on their return on 11th September. In both cases, they only remained for a day or two.\n\nA specimen of the Eastern Golden Plover (Pluvialis dominicus fulvus) was obtained on 3rd May. Several small flocks of these birds were seen in the lagoons up to 17th May. We have no previous record of this species at Wei-hai-wei.\n\nThe South China White-eye (Zosterops simplex simplex) and the North China Tit (Parus major minor) were seen in flocks on August 24th and 11th September respectively. The White-eyes were in a flock of about twenty in the hills about four hundred feet above sea level.\n\nAnother new species noted on the island this year was the Chinese Black Drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus cathoecus) only one bird was seen and that was on the 7th of May on the island.\n\nThe Large White-rumped Swift (Micropus pacificus pacificus) was abundant about the islands and mainland throughout the summer, often seen\n\nDecember 1932.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933.txt",
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    {
        "id": 533207,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933",
        "page_number": 181,
        "title": "CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933",
        "content_text": "267\n\n268\n\nHENRY W. FOWLER\n\nHemirhamphus sajori Sowerby, Nat. in Manchuria, vol. 4, 1930, p. 162 (Pei Tai Ho, South Manchuria; Kiangsu Province in Yangtze Delta).\n\nHyporhamphus sajori Jordan and Starks, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 203 (Gensan and Fusan).—Mori, Hand List Manchurian Vertebr., 1927, p. 176 (compiled).—Chu, Biol. Bull. St. John's Univ., No. 1, January 1931, p. 87 (compiled).\n\nBelone microstoma Basilewsky, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou, vol. 10, 1855, p. 260. Mari prov. Shandun,\n\nZenarchopterus microstoma Bleeker, Neder. Tijds. Dierk., vol. 4, 1873, p. 149 (reference; error).\n\nZenarchopterus microstoma Chu, Biol. Bull. St. John's Univers., No. 1, January 1931, p. 87 (reference).\n\nA Synopsis of the Fishes of China\n\n269\n\nproduced. Anal not modified in males. Caudal forked. Pectoral short. Ventral small. Placed well postmedian or much nearer caudal base than gill opening.\n\nbroad.\n\nSea.\n\nSpecies rather numerous.\n\nSynopsis of the Species.\n\nFigure 12. Hyporhamphus sajori (Schlegel).\n\nHW.F\n\nDepth 10 to 12; head 3% to 4¼; snout 2 1/5 in head from snout tip; eye 5 4/5 to 6, 2 to 2½ in postocular. Gill rakers 8+21.\n\nScales go to 106 in lateral line, 74 predorsal. Dorsal rays 16; anal 16 or 17; caudal deeply forked. Brownish, white below and silvery white lateral band, which expanded below front of dorsal. Beak black. Top of head and upper jaw dusky. Dorsal and caudal dusky, other fins pale. Length 250 mm.\n\nYangtze Delta, Nanking, Chefoo, Port Arthur, Pei Tai Ho, Korea.—(Japan).\n\nThe imperfect account of Belone microstoma is somewhat as follows: Body rounded, small. Head of Esox brasiliensis Linnaeus. Orbit triangular, narrow. Upper jaw short, lanceolate, lower longer. Jaw teeth minute. Body scaly, Fins short, Dorsal and anal opposite, equal.\n\nBack whitish, margin dusky.\n\nCaudal entire. Ventrals well posterior. low yellowish white. Length 237 mm.\n\nHEMIRAMPHUS Cuvier.\n\nHalf Beaks.\n\nBe-\n\n(China).\n\na. Hemiramphus. Triangular part of upper jaw broader than long.\n\nfar.\n\na1. Rhynchorhamphus. Triangular part of upper jaw longer than\n\ngeorgii.\n\nHemiramphus far (Forskal). Figure 13.\n\n Esox far Forskal, Descript. Animal., 1775, pp. 13, 67. Lohaja, Red Sea.\n\nHemirhamphus far Bleeker, Nederl. Tijds. Dierk., vol. 4, 1873, p. 149\n\nHemiramphus far Chu, Biol. Bull. St. John's Univers., No. 1, January 1931, p. 86 (reference).\n\nDepth 6 4/5 to 7¾; head 2⅖ to 2⅗; snout 2⅓ to 3 in head from snout tip; eye 3¾ to 4; interorbital 3⅞; eye 1⅖ to 1⅗ in postorbital. Gill rakers 8 or 9+22 to 24. Scales 50 to 52 in lateral line, 32 to 34 predorsal. Dorsal rays 12 to 14; anal 10 to 12; pectoral 11 to 13; ventral 6; caudal forked. Yellowish, darker above. Silvery white lateral band, bordered above by bluish streak. Along each side of back 4 to 9 equidistant black vertical blotches. Fins pale, dorsal and caudal with more or less dusky terminally. Reaches 500 mm.\n\nH.W.F\n\nType\n\nHemiramphus Cuvier, Régne Animal, vol. 2, 1817, p. 186. Esox brasiliensis Linnaeus, designated by Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1863, p. 273.\n\nBody rather robust, sides compressed or somewhat flattened. Upper jaw very short, lower produced into a long slender beak, bordered with membrane. Beak short in young, longer with age. Premaxillaries form triangular plate with teeth fitting against toothed portion of mandible. Teeth feeble, mostly tricuspid. Air bladder cellular, sometimes with many partitions. Dorsal longer than anal, little advanced and last ray more or less\n\nThe Hong Kong Naturalist.\n\nFigure 13. Hemiramphus far (Forskal).\n\nChina. (Red Sea, East Africa, Zanzibar*, India, East Indies*, Philippines*, Riu Kiu, Australia, Melanesia*, Polynesia*).\n\nEasily distinguished by the prominent contrasted back vertical blotches along the side of the body.\n\nHemiramphus georgii Valenciennes. Figure 14.\n\nHemiramphus georgii Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 19, 1840, p. 27, pl. 555. Mahé Bay, Coromandel.—Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1929, p. 603 (Hong Kong).\n\nHemiramphus cantori Wu, Contr. Biol. Lab, Sci. Soc. China, vol. 5, No. 4, 1929, p. 65, fig. 53 (Amoy).\n\nDecember 1932.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933.txt",
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    {
        "id": 533421,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-539-11 Hong Kong Flying Club- proposed establishment of a Flying Training school at Kai Tak 8-4-1932 - 4-3-1933",
        "page_number": 3,
        "title": "CO129-539-11 Hong Kong Flying Club- proposed establishment of a Flying Training school at Kai Tak 8-4-1932 - 4-3-1933",
        "content_text": "as for this dept: is concerned (1) above would appear to cover point (a), and, as regards point (b), it would seem that the C.I.D. suggestion in 2 above was on the assumption that aliens (of many nationalities) might fly over Hong Kong, and that the proposed regulation would be sufficient safeguard against espionage.\n\nIt seems that there then remains only the broader question as to whether, even if we permit aliens to fly over Hong Kong, we should actively encourage them to fly (and buy) British planes in that area.\n\nSubject to the views of G.D. I suggest that it is not necessary for the O.D.C. to refer this back but that it will be sufficient to send copies of I to A.M., W.O, & Admiralty by drafts marked \"Secret and Important\", giving a reference to the O.D.C. Draft Memo: referred to above, saying that the Sec. of State is disposed to agree with the Governor's views on the subject, and ask to be furnished with their observations at their earliest convenience.\n\nWwRtpone 12/4. I think it will suffice to write to A.M. as proposed, sending copies to W.O.\n\nThere is correspondence about the Far Eastern Aviation Co. in 80845/3, the boy seems to be fairly strongly backed by the British aircraft industry, but Sir Miles Lampson was not...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-539-11 Hong Kong Flying Club- proposed establishment of a Flying Training school at Kai Tak 8-4-1932 - 4-3-1933.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 543931,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-546-11 Kowloon city- expropriation of Chinese owned land 9-1-1934 - 28-12-1934",
        "page_number": 72,
        "title": "CO129-546-11 Kowloon city- expropriation of Chinese owned land 9-1-1934 - 28-12-1934",
        "content_text": "# AIR MINISTRY, ADASTRAL HOUSE, 20 KINGSWAY, W.C.2. 26 June, 1934.\n\n72\n\nDear Cowell,\n\nWe are rather at a loss in regard to your official letter of the 30th April (`33744/1934`) on the subject of the possible exercise of Chinese jurisdiction in Kowloon City. I understand that you have also asked the War Office for their opinion on the matter. Our view would be that broader questions of general defence policy at Hong Kong in which no specific air interest was involved were matters on which the Colonial Office would naturally be advised by the G.O.C., Hong Kong, and the War Office rather than by the Air Ministry.\n\nYou may, however, have in mind that the exercise of Chinese jurisdiction in Kowloon might result in the approaches to the aerodrome being interfered with. That, of course, is a matter of very direct interest to us, and it is one on which some correspondence has taken place between the Officer Commanding, R.A.F., Far East, and the Colonial Secretary's Department, Hong Kong Government.\n\nH.R. Cowell, Esq., C.M.G.,\nColonial Office,\nS.W.1.\n\nWe are expecting to hear further/",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-546-11 Kowloon city- expropriation of Chinese owned land 9-1-1934 - 28-12-1934.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 554019,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-561-7 Hong Kong University 4-1-1937 - 22-9-1937",
        "page_number": 62,
        "title": "CO129-561-7 Hong Kong University 4-1-1937 - 22-9-1937",
        "content_text": "# PROFESSOR MACKINNON and SIR RICHARD WINSTEDT questioned the desirability of women coming to England for training. MR. MAYHEW explained that the object was to regularize procedure with a view to giving necessary help where (but only where) local facilities for training were not provided.\n\nSIR DONALD CAMERON remarked that if the Memorandum was to be circulated in the Dependencies he would like to suggest an amendment to paragraph 3 of Mr. Mayhew's Memorandum. He would propose that paragraph 3 (i) should read \"that the Secretary of State will not be prepared to intervene, if his intervention is sought, in the case of applications\"; and that the following words should be added at the end of 3 (ii) \"or that for exceptional circumstances the application is worthy of support.\" In a great many places there might be no facilities for training the teachers in their own country. Even when there were, a parent with money had a perfect right to send his child wherever he desired. Offence might be caused if such a parent were given the impression that the Government was trying to oppose his wishes in this direction.\n\nMR. MAYHEW said that the object of the Memorandum was only to make it clear that if students came to England without a recommendation from their local Government the Colonial Office could not undertake responsibility for them.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN said that the attention of the Department concerned would be drawn to the proposed amendments.\n\nThe Committee agreed to adopt Mr. Mayhew's Memorandum.\n\nThey also accepted the suggestion that Dr. Burstall and Mr. Mayhew should constitute themselves into an informal committee to collect information. Professor Mackinnon agreed to collaborate so far as the inquiry related to the London area.\n\n## 7. Statistical Tables contained in the Education Reports of Colonial Governments\nA Memorandum by Mr. Mayhew regarding suggestions for the improvement of these tables had been circulated (`A.C.E.C. 13/37`).\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN said that the necessity for some revision was clear. He suggested the appointment of a sub-committee with the following personnel to examine the matter in detail:\n\n| Member |\n|--------|\n| Sir Richard Winstedt (Chairman) |\n| Professor Clarke |\n| Mr. Fox |\n| Dr. McLean |\n| Mr. Mayhew |\n\nSIR DONALD CAMERON said the practice of endeavouring to gauge the activities of a Colonial Government in different fields, including the educational field, by calculating percentages of expenditure, and even of revenue, originated at Geneva with the Permanent Mandates Commission. He did not know how far this practice had taken root in the Advisory Committee but he felt obliged to reiterate that unless the analysis of expenditure was very carefully made, and unless the picture could be presented as a whole, very erroneous impressions might be given.\n\nMR. MAYHEW suggested that this need not preclude an attempt to improve the accuracy of the figures presented in Colonial Education Reports.\n\nSIR DONALD CAMERON felt that the question must be approached from a very much broader point of view than that of education statistics alone.\n\nMR. MAYHEW pointed out that an attempt had been made to keep distinct the two questions involved: on the one hand the accuracy of statistics; on the other, the adequacy of the expenditure on education of the several Colonial Governments. The former question was dealt with in the memorandum now before the Committee, `A.C.E.C. 13/37`; the latter question was dealt with in `A.C.E.C. 15/37` which formed the next item on the Agenda. He did not think that there need be any difficulty in distinguishing the two questions.\n\nSIR DONALD CAMERON said that it was difficult to keep the two questions distinct. He called attention to statistics and to inferences drawn therefrom in the appendices to `A.C.E.C. 15/37` that he thought were misleading. MR. MAYHEW explained that the intention of the Memorandum was to show that the statistics were unreliable and inadequate and to suggest questions which needed for their answers correct statistics.\n\nSIR DONALD CAMERON then emphasized the difficulties experienced by Governors in meeting the claims of all the social services with reference to the many other needs.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN said the Committee were dissatisfied both with the standard of accuracy and with the present form of the statistics provided. The proposal was that an endeavour should be made to devise some method of effecting improvements.\n\nDR. VAUGHAN hoped that the Committee would always look upon statistics with suspicion, but agreed with Mr. Mayhew that this need not preclude the adoption of a better and more uniform method of presentation.\n\nAfter further discussion, it was agreed that Mr. Mayhew's memorandum should be adopted and that a sub-committee composed of the members proposed by the Chairman should be set up to investigate the statistics now presented in Reports with a view to suggesting a better and more complete method of presentation.\n\nMR. MAYHEW referred to the help given in the past by the Institute of Education and expressed the hope that it would be continued in the future. PROFESSOR CLARKE agreed; but asked that he might be allowed to send a deputy to the sub-committee if necessary. He could not of course accept personal responsibility for everything that the Institute statisticians might put forward.\n\n## 8. Expenditure on Education in the Dependencies\nA Memorandum on this subject (`A.C.E.C. 15/37`) had already been circulated.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN said this Memorandum had, to a large extent, been covered by the discussion which had just taken place.\n\nSIR RICHARD WINSTEDT pointed out that if the whole picture of which Sir Donald Cameron spoke was to be obtained, the Committee ought to be given fuller information than they now had; they ought to know not only what percentage of the children were receiving education but also what kind of education, whether it was at sub-grade or at elementary or at other schools; whether there was proper supervision and training of teachers, and whether the number of children in the schools was increasing, and so on.\n\nMR. MAYHEW said that reference was rarely made in Colonial Education Reports to such subjects as schemes for expansion of education, enquiries into the economics of education, the cheapest means of obtaining effective education, and so forth. He suggested that a sub-committee might usefully be appointed to consider what kind of questions the Committee could properly advise the Secretary of State to put to the Colonial Governments.\n\nThe Committee agreed to Mr. Mayhew's suggestion and the following sub-committee was appointed:\n\n| Member |\n|--------|\n| Sir James Currie (Chairman) |\n| Sir Donald Cameron |\n| Mr. Burney |\n| Dr. Dougall |\n| Dr. McLean |\n| Mr. Mayhew |\n\nIt was agreed that this sub-committee, as also the statistics sub-committee, should have the power to co-opt in their deliberations any other persons whom they considered suitable.\n\n## 9. Construction of Schools in Basutoland\nA Memorandum by the Dominions Office regarding certain recommendations of the High Commissioner for Basutoland, the Bechuanaland Protectorate and Swaziland, involving the construction of an Intermediate and a High School in Basutoland, had been circulated (`A.C.E.C. 16/37`).\n\nIn reply to a question MR. COSTAR said the Dominions Office were satisfied that the Territory could afford, though only just afford, the expenditure which would be involved if the proposals were put into effect.\n\nSIR DONALD CAMERON supported the proposal. He drew attention to the Resident Commissioner's statement that boarding costs would be covered by fees, and asked the Committee to compare this with the recent proposal from the Gold Coast to charge nothing at all for boarding at the new Technical School at Sekondi (see `A.C.E.C. 3/37`). The Gold Coast was a much richer territory than Basutoland. Was it necessary for the only two European teachers in a school to be called Principal and Vice-Principal respectively?\n\nMR. MAYHEW remarked that a big cut had been made in the salaries of European school teachers in the aided Mission schools. Some of this cut had been restored, but there appeared from the 1935 Report to be no immediate likelihood of the restoration of the remainder. He hoped that the proposed expenditure on higher education would not mean that these teachers would be kept permanently on a lower scale of salary?\n\nSubject to consideration of this point, the Committee accepted the proposals generally, and recommended that they should be approved by the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs.\n\n61",
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    {
        "id": 564086,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "page_number": 49,
        "title": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "content_text": "## 56\n\n3 \n\n2 \n\nof previous assistance to China. In reply to His Majesty's Ambassador's enquiry, the Minister for Foreign Affairs stated on the 24th July that Baron Hiranuma's statement had been quite informal and, in part, incorrectly reported.\n\nIn fact, Mr. Chamberlain made it clear in the House of Commons on the 17th July and again when he announced the text of the formula that there could be no question of a change in British policy at the dictation of a foreign Power and that the formula amounted simply to a recognition of a situation existing in fact. The formula was communicated in advance to the Chinese Government on the 23rd July, together with an oral communication from Sir A. Clark Kerr on the same lines as Mr. Chamberlain's two statements.\n\n243. Agreement having been reached on this point, an energetic start was made with the detailed discussions. At the first meetings of the United Kingdom and Japanese delegates on the 24th July, Mr. Kato put forward the Japanese agenda, consisting of twelve points, eight of which related to police measures and the remaining four to economic questions. The first eight points were referred on the same day to a fact-finding committee, which subsequently reported on the actual situation at Tientsin, and on the detailed respects in which the Japanese would wish to see it changed. Good progress was made at the third and fourth meetings of the conference on the 26th. Private talks between members of the two delegations proceeded concurrently on the questions of the four alleged terrorists, of Ssu Ching Wu and the three other Chinese interned with him, and of Li Han-yuan and other alleged anti-Japanese elements in the British Municipal Police. A provisional solution of all these problems had been reached by the 30th July, in return for which it was understood that General Muto, the principal Japanese military delegate, would be willing to assure that there would be a material improvement in the situation at Tientsin. With the assistance of Mr. Dennis, chief of the British Municipal Police, who had left for Tokyo on the 28th July, it was possible by the end of the month to reach provisional agreement on all points raised in items 1 to 8 of Mr. Kato's agenda, except for one question of detail (subsequently cleared up) regarding the exact number of Japanese gendarmes who were to be stationed in the British Concession as observers. The British negotiators were successful in maintaining the principle that all executive functions within the concession must be carried out by the British Municipal Police.\n\n244. Less satisfactory progress was made with the economic discussions. The question of currency was broached at the afternoon meeting of the 27th July, at which the Japanese negotiators requested a prohibition of the circulation of `fapi` in the concession. On the morning of the 28th, the question of the silver deposited in Chinese banks in the British Concession was discussed, with equally little result, and at the end of the month, His Majesty's Ambassador was still awaiting instructions from the Foreign Office on both subjects.\n\n245. Close contact had been maintained by Sir Robert Craigie with his United States and French colleagues throughout the month. Meanwhile, His Majesty's Government had been endeavouring to enlist the co-operation of the two Governments concerned in regard to the economic issues under discussion at Tokyo. On the 15th July, the United States Government stated in reply to a British enquiry that they must regard the currency question at Tientsin as a local issue connected with the administration of the British Concession and that they could offer no advice on the subject. On the 27th July, the French Government, in response to a similar British enquiry, instructed their ambassador at Tokyo to support Sir Robert Craigie on the currency and silver questions, and they, moreover, informed the United States Government of their action. On the 29th, His Majesty's Government made a further approach to the United States Government, urging them to make clear to the Japanese Government that the question of currency was of concern to them. On the following day, His Majesty's Ambassador, Paris, was instructed to inform the French Government of this approach and to ask whether they would instruct their ambassador at Tokyo to inform the Japanese Government that they were not prepared to agree to an arrangement regarding which they had not been first consulted, a request to which the French Government acceded on the 1st August. Meanwhile, the United States Government, on the 31st July, instructed their chargé d'affaires in Tokyo to continue to show to the Japanese Government their interest in broader phases of the Tientsin question, including the currency issue. They indicated, however, that they were not particularly interested in the silver question.\n\n## Anti-British Activities in Japan\n\n246. The press campaign against Great Britain, led by the **Hochi**, a paper believed to be closely connected with the German Embassy, continued and reached a climax about the middle of the month. There were hostile demonstrations in front of His Majesty's Embassy on the 7th July, the second anniversary of the outbreak of the incident, and again on the 14th, 16th, 17th, and 31st. Similar meetings were organised throughout the country. Attempts were made to intimidate the staff of His Majesty's Embassy and to induce them to leave its service; for instance, the Japanese lady telephone operator was rung up and informed that she ought to be killed, while the press published an interview with the nephew of the embassy gatekeeper, now fighting on the China front, who stated that he was ashamed of his uncle. One Tokyo theatre displayed notices stating that hostile Britons would not be admitted. At the height of the agitation, however, the vernacular papers published statements to the effect that, in spite of everything, the military attaché was still popular in Japan, and they enlarged on Major-General Piggott's fondness for eels and rice, a Japanese national dish.\n\n## Detention of Colonel Spear\n\n247. On the 4th July, His Majesty's Ambassador made further energetic representations to the Minister for Foreign Affairs on the subject. On the 13th July, on receipt of news that it was proposed to try Colonel Spear before a military tribunal, Sir Robert Craigie took the question up with the Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs, complained of the fact that no official notice of this new decision had been received, and requested the necessary facilities for a British language officer, whom he proposed to send to Kalgan to establish touch with Colonel Spear. On the 26th, the question was raised by the military attaché with the Director of Military Operations. In spite of these representations, Colonel Spear was still detained at the end of the month.\n\n## Tsingtao\n\n248. The current anti-British agitation in North China assumed serious proportions at Tsingtao, where there was an anti-British riot on the 11th July, while on the 14th, two bombs were thrown at His Majesty's Consulate. In addition to the general representations made to the Japanese Government on the subject in connection with the Tientsin conversations, His Majesty's Ambassador took up the specific question of Tsingtao in a letter to the Minister for Foreign Affairs on the 8th July and again with the Vice-Minister on the 13th. On the 16th, Mr. Acting-Consul Pilcher was despatched from Osaka to assist His Majesty's Consul at Tsingtao.\n\n## Group Captain Bryant's Visit to China\n\n249. In the course of the month, Group Captain W. E. G. Bryant, Air Attaché to His Majesty's Embassy, accompanied by Major Stables, language officer, and other foreign service attachés from Tokyo, made a tour of the battlefields in the territory occupied by the Japanese in China.\n\n## Malaya\n\n## British Empire\n\n250. On the 31st July, two battalions of Indian troops arrived at Singapore. These were understood to represent the beginning of a substantial reinforcement of the British forces in the Malay Peninsula.\n\n## Canada\n\n251. On the 3rd July, the Canadian Chargé d'Affaires made representations to the Japanese Government regarding the bombing of a Canadian Mission building in China.\n\n## United States of America\n\n## Abrogation of Commercial Treaty\n\n252. Anti-Japanese feeling was reported to be rising throughout the United States during the month. After two abortive attempts to pass anti-Japanese legislation through Congress, the first being Senator Pittman's motion of the \n\n## 57",
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    {
        "id": 575820,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-590-24 Situation in Hong Kong 25-4-1905 - 25-4-1905",
        "page_number": 172,
        "title": "CO129-590-24 Situation in Hong Kong 25-4-1905 - 25-4-1905",
        "content_text": "171\n\nbe renewed as soon as possible. Internees have suffered from dysentery, beri-beri, and other deficiency diseases. They have lost an average of 20 to 30 pounds in weight, and felt a general loss of vitality. Physical work can be indulged in for short periods only. Prolonged internment under present conditions is bound to lead to serious results although to date the camp has been fortunate particularly in weather conditions. Another winter will undoubtedly show more serious reactions.\n\nUnder the circumstances, I consider repatriation an urgent necessity, at least for the women, children, and old men. Failing that, relief in the form of medical supplies, supplementary foodstuffs and vitamins should be despatched to Hongkong at once.\n\nIn general repatriation is ordered, I should like definite instructions to leave, otherwise I shall feel it my duty to remain behind so as to be on the spot after the war.\n\nRepatriation will be difficult to carry out, as many internees will refuse to leave, preferring to remain, so as to take over their business concerns immediately the war is over. Many members of the Hongkong banking and commercial community are inclined to place their own selfish interests ahead of Empire considerations. Unfortunately, most of the Government employees have been imbued with the same ideas. However, I am endeavouring to line up a number of men loyal to the best interests of the Empire, as a nucleus to start reconstruction as soon as the war is over. If this group remains in Stanley, it will need immediate assistance after the war, if possible from the air, as there will be many armed Chinese at large in Hongkong. I should also like to urge that as soon as possible after the war some capable men with a correct idea of the new British Imperial policy be sent to Hongkong to assist in the rehabilitation which will be necessary. It is imperative that a return to the old selfish commercial control of Hongkong be avoided. The ultimate fate of Hongkong is bound up in broader questions, but British control at least for a period of years would save face and probably meet with the approval of the Chinese Government.\n\nInternees are concerned about their families in Australia, England, and elsewhere. Their morale would be improved if B.B.C. could broadcast assurances that their families are being looked after.\n\nNo contacts are allowed between the civilian internees and the prisoners of war. However, reports are received from time to time concerning conditions existing in these camps. Camps for the prisoners of war are located at Argyle Street, adjoining the Kowloon Hospital, at the Military Barracks at Shamshuipo on the Mainland, and the Canadians at North Point, on Hongkong Island. All are quartered in hutments. Below I give a summary of a report on conditions in the Argyle Street prison camp, and St. Theresa Hospital :-\n\nArgyle Street prisoners of war camp was opened on December 22nd when 900 prisoners were placed there, although the capacity of the building was meant for 300. Of these 900, 300 were European troops, and 600 Indians. No blankets or beds were issued, although the Kowloon Hospital, which was quite handy, had sufficient of these commodities in storage to take care of the whole 900. No medical stores were available, only 6 tablets of 1/12 gr. of Morphine were to be had. This together with the intense cold and lack of clothing was extremely hard on the wounded, and led to unnecessary deaths. Dysentery soon became rife, due to the unsanitary habits of the Indians, and in one week 800 were suffering from this complaint, and it was not until the two types were segregated that it was brought under control. Knives, forks, spoons and slippers were not issued, though they were available in adequate numbers, as the Japanese authorities considered them luxuries.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-593-1 Future policy- unofficial views 18-6-1946 - 28-12-1946",
        "page_number": 36,
        "title": "CO129-593-1 Future policy- unofficial views 18-6-1946 - 28-12-1946",
        "content_text": "36\n\nThis harsh criticism raises the question of whether the British Government is merely a tool for British traders' interests in Hong Kong. Hong Kong serves as Great Britain's shop window in China, and our behavior on this small stage significantly impacts our broader policy in the region. With Macao being commercially dead, Hong Kong remains the only European-controlled trading center in China proper, carrying a unique responsibility.\n\nIt is suggested that, as a matter of high policy, the British Government should decide to make Hong Kong a model of a progressive, democratic Chinese community. However, there is currently no indication that such a policy is being seriously considered.\n\nThe British Military Administration efficiently restored order, organized basic relief measures, and revitalized trade and industry upon its return. It handed over control to the Civil Government in May 1946. Sir Mark Young, who had been a prisoner since 1943, returned temporarily to govern the Colony. He brought proposals for a Municipal Council, but no agreement has been reached on this scheme yet. It is challenging to determine whether it aims to significantly alter the autocratic governance methods that have existed thus far.\n\nMuch more is needed beyond the current efforts because, without overwhelming pressure from the highest levels, reform will inevitably falter. The British Community views Hong Kong as a pleasant exile where they hope to accumulate enough wealth for a comfortable retirement. They cannot be expected to welcome the complications that democratic government would bring or the increased cost of living resulting from higher wages. There is no tradition of democracy among the Portuguese, who have mainly come from the stagnant atmosphere of Macao. The views of Chinese traders have already been mentioned.\n\nAmong Chinese workers and intellectuals, new life is indeed stirring. Trade unions are increasing their influence, and there is Communist activity. However, political life is hindered by the irresponsible activities of Chinese secret societies, and the mass of the population is so ignorant that it has no real...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-593-1 Future policy- unofficial views 18-6-1946 - 28-12-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 580144,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-593-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45. Includes 32 photographs depicting-... 10-1-1945 - 20-1-1946",
        "page_number": 53,
        "title": "CO129-593-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45. Includes 32 photographs depicting-... 10-1-1945 - 20-1-1946",
        "content_text": "2nd January, 1946.\n\nWe are very gratified to learn that you are yourself willing to represent the General Medical Council on the Hong Kong University Advisory Committee.\n\nBriefly the functions of this Committee may be taken as tendering advice on the question of whether or not the University of Hong Kong as such should continue to exist and if so the policy which should govern its resuscitation and secondly to advise in such detail on the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue.\n\nThis ad hoc Advisory Committee,\n\nSir Herbert Eason, C.B., C.M.G., M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S., J.P.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-593-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45. Includes 32 photographs depicting-... 10-1-1945 - 20-1-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 580147,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-593-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45. Includes 32 photographs depicting-... 10-1-1945 - 20-1-1946",
        "page_number": 56,
        "title": "CO129-593-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45. Includes 32 photographs depicting-... 10-1-1945 - 20-1-1946",
        "content_text": "(1/45) [4421B] Wt. 18047/424 50m. 7/45 C.N.Ld. 748\n\nC. O\n\nXXX Miss Ruston\n\nMr.\n\nMr.\n\nMr.\n\nMr.\n\nPermt. U.S. of S.\n\nParly. U.S. of S.\n\nSecretary of State.\n\n54147/45\n\n54\n\nDRAFT.\n\nLETTER\n\nSIR HERBERT EASON, C.B., C.M.G., M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S., J.P.\n\nNewbridge Mill,\n\nColmans Hatch,\n\nSussex.\n\nFURTHER ACTION.\n\nRe: His Austin\n\nWe are very gratified to learn that you are yourself willing to represent the General Medical Council on the Hong Kong University Advisory Committee.\n\nBriefly the functions of this Committee may be taken as the tendering of advice on the question of whether or not the University of Hong Kong as such should continue to exist and if so the policy which should govern its resuscitation and secondly to advise in some detail on the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue.\n\nThis ad hoc Advisory Committee is charged with the matters to which I attach considerable importance, and I am very glad to know that you will have the benefit of your knowledge and experience in considering the matters I have indicated.\n\nYours sincerely,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-593-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45. Includes 32 photographs depicting-... 10-1-1945 - 20-1-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 580358,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-593-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45 12-1-1946 - 27-10-1946",
        "page_number": 49,
        "title": "CO129-593-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45 12-1-1946 - 27-10-1946",
        "content_text": "49\n\nCommittee had been assembled, however, the war in the Far East came to an end and it was decided to suspend action until the whole question could be discussed with the Vice-Chancellor. On his return to this country from internment Mr. Sloss was strongly of the opinion that the practical task to which this Committee was limited could not be effectively undertaken without incurring long-term commitments in the way of new buildings and employment of staff, and that the first and essential question calling for decision was whether the University of Hong Kong should be re-established at all, and, if so, whether it should be on a limited scale to serve the local needs of Hong Kong only, or whether it should be in a position to cater also for the needs of students from China, in the interests of Sino-British relations. The Secretary of State for the Colonies (Mr. Hall) decided therefore to strengthen considerably the Committee previously proposed and invited the new body to advise on this broad issue. The Foreign Office have of course been kept closely advised of these developments and have been represented on the Hong Kong University Advisory Committee by Mr. Humphrey Prideaux-Brune.\n\n4. The Committee have now submitted their report, of which a printed copy is attached. It will be seen that their main recommendation is that the University should be re-established as soon as possible on a firm financial basis, with staff and facilities adequate to make it fully capable of reaching British academic standards and becoming an effective centre for Sino-British contact in the sphere of learning. They estimate that this will involve capital and recurrent expenditure of the order of £1,000,000 and £85,600 respectively and recommend that this should be met from Imperial sources.\n\n5. Some additional reasons which have been put forward for re-establishing the University on this broader basis were given in the final paragraph of a paper submitted to the Far Eastern Committee of the War Cabinet on the 20th February, 1945, which ran: \"***\n\n\"In support of the wider aim Sir H. Prideaux-Brune in a paper (F.E. (44)10 of the 30th November 1944) which has already been considered by the Far Eastern Committee has pointed out that the future prosperity and welfare of the foreign community in China will be largely affected by the attitude and outlook of the Chinese educated classes. It has also been pointed out that up till now it is largely to America that China has turned for help in the educational field, whilst, unfortunate as it may be, Britain is associated in the Chinese mind with questions of commerce rather than culture. It seems, to the Colonial Office, therefore, that from the chaos of war an opportunity has arisen which can be used to establish the University finally on the lines intended by its founder and prove it to be an important practical contribution to Anglo-Chinese goodwill and understanding in the future.\"\n\n6. As regards American activities in China in the educational sphere, according to recent Press reports the American Associated Board of Christian Universities in China has undertaken to raise in the United States $15,000,000 over a period of two or three years to cover the expenses of the American Universities in China for the next five years.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-593-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45 12-1-1946 - 27-10-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 580437,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-593-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45 12-1-1946 - 27-10-1946",
        "page_number": 128,
        "title": "CO129-593-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45 12-1-1946 - 27-10-1946",
        "content_text": "Colonial Office,\n\nDowning Street,\n\nS.W.1.\n\nJuly, 1946.\n\n128\n\nSir,\n\nIn response to your invitation to us of the 31st December, 1945, to advise you on the questions of\n\n(a) whether or not the University of Hong Kong, as such,\n\nshould continue to exist and if so the policy which should govern its resuscitation and\n\n(b) the steps necessary to restart such of the work\n\nhitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue,\n\nwe have the honour to present our report.\n\nWe have the honour to be\n\nSir,\n\nYour most obedient servants,\n\n[Signature]\n\nChairman\n\nMembers: W. Watson\n\nWales\n\nHamham..\n\n...\n\nG. E. Stopford..\n\nLillian M. Pennant, une\n\nH. Priestman 3 ume\n\nRaymond Powell\n\nSlom..\n\nSt..\n\nD. bl.....\n\ncable\n\nTHE SECRETARY OF STATE\n\nFOR THE COLONIES.\n\nNOTE\n\nMr. E. Burney, M.C., H.M.I. and Dr. H. J. Channon, C.M.G., D.Sc. were prevented by the pressure of other duties from continuing their membership of the Committee.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-593-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45 12-1-1946 - 27-10-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 580439,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-593-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45 12-1-1946 - 27-10-1946",
        "page_number": 130,
        "title": "CO129-593-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45 12-1-1946 - 27-10-1946",
        "content_text": "130\n\n3\n\n2\n\nMEMBERS.\n\nC. W. M. Cox, Esq., C.M.G. (Chairman). Educational Adviser to Secretary of State for Colonies.\n\nWalter Adams, Esq. Secretary of the Inter-University Council for Higher Education in the Colonies and Secretary-Designate of the Colonial University Grants Advisory Committee.\n\nE. Burney, Esq., M.C., H.M.I. Member of the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies. Visited Hong Kong in 1934 to advise on education.\n\nH. J. Channon, Esq., C.M.G., D.Sc. Member of the McLean Commission on Higher Education in Malaya; of the Elliot Commission on Higher Education in West Africa and of the Asquith Commission on Higher Education in the Colonies. Formerly Professor of Biochemistry, Liverpool University.\n\nSir Herbert Eason, C.B., C.M.G., M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S. President of the General Medical Council. Formerly Principal of London University.\n\nMrs. L. Forster. For many years resident in Hong Kong; wife of the Professor of Education, Hong Kong University,\n\nProfessor W. J. Hinton, LL.D. Professor of Political Economy Dean, member of Court and Council of Hong Kong University 1913 to 1929. Director of Studies, Institute of Bankers since 1929.\n\nDr. W. H. Kauntze, C.M.G., M.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., D.P.M. Medical Adviser to the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nA. Morse, Esq., C.B.E. General Manager of Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and Treasurer of Hong Kong University.\n\nSir George Moss, K.B.E. Late Consul-General, Hankow.\n\nProfessor L. M. Penson, Ph.D. Chairman of Academic Council and Professor of Modern History, London University. Member of the Asquith Commission; and of the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies.\n\nSir Humphrey Prideaux-Brune, K.B.E., C.M.G. Cultural Relations Department of the Foreign Office. Formerly acting Chinese Counsellor and sometime Charge d'Affaires, His Majesty's Embassy, Chungking, also China Relations Officer, New Delhi.\n\nR. E. Priestley, Esq., M.C., D.Sc. Vice-Chancellor, Birmingham University, Member of the Asquith Commission; of the Irvine Committee on Higher Education in the West Indies and of the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies.\n\nD. J. Sloss, Esq., C.B.E. Vice-Chancellor, Hong Kong University since 1937. Formerly Principal of University College, Rangoon.\n\nN. L. Smith, Esq., C.M.G. Formerly Hong Kong Administrative Service (Colonial Secretary 1936-1941).\n\nJ. A. Venn, Esq., Litt.D., F.S.A. President of Queens' College, Cambridge. Member of the Asquith Commission on Higher Education in the Colonies. Visited Hong Kong 1931.\n\nMiss A. M. Ruston (Secretary). Member of the Eastern Department of the Colonial Office.\n\nTHE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES.\n\nSir,\n\nCOLONIAL OFFICE, DOWNING STREET, S.W.I. July, 1946.\n\nIn response to your invitation to us of the 31st December, 1945, to advise you on the questions of\n\n(a) whether or not the University of Hong Kong, as such, should continue to exist and if so the policy which should govern its resuscitation and\n\n(b) the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue,\n\nwe have the honour to present our unanimous report.\n\nChairman, C. W. M. Cox.\n\nMembers. Walter Adams. Herbert Eason. G. H. Forster. W. J. Hinton. W. H. Kauntze. *A. Morse. G. S. Moss. Lillian M. Penson. H. Prideaux-Brune. Raymond Priestley. D. J. Sloss. J. A. Venn.\n\nSecretary. A. M. Ruston.\n\nTABLE OF CONTENTS\n\nPage\n\nPREFACE 4\n\nPART I. MAIN RECOMMENDATION 4\n\nPART II. ARGUMENT IN SUPPORT OF THE RECOMMENDATION 5\n\nPART III. SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED UNIVERSITY 14\n\nPART IV. FINANCE 22\n\n* Authorized by cable.\n\nNote: Mr. E. Burney and Dr. H. J. Channon were prevented by the pressure of other duties from continuing their membership of the Committee.\n\nPART V. IMMEDIATE ACTION\n\nAPPENDICES: (A) LIST OF PAPERS CONSIDERED (B) ORAL EVIDENCE TAKEN 26 28 A 2 30 52226\n\n131\n\nPage 130\n\nPage 131",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-593-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45 12-1-1946 - 27-10-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 580888,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-593-6 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee papers 1-1-1939 - 31-12-1946",
        "page_number": 43,
        "title": "CO129-593-6 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee papers 1-1-1939 - 31-12-1946",
        "content_text": "## 9 \n### 111 Terms of Reference and Membership of the Committee\n\n**THE TERMS OF REFERENCE ARE:**\n\nA) to make a recommendation as to whether or not the University as such should continue to exist, and if so the policy which should govern its resuscitation, and\n\nB) to advise in some detail on the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue.\n\nThe following accepted the Secretary of State's invitation to serve on this Committee:\n\n| Name | Title/Honors |\n| --- | --- |\n| C.V.M. Cox, Esq. | O.M.G. |\n| Chuilman Walter Adams, Esq., |  |\n| E. Burney, Esq., | M.C., H.M.I. |\n| H.J. Channon, Esq., | C.M.G., D.Sc. |\n| Sir Herbert Eason | C.B., C.M.G., M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S. |\n| Mrs. L. Foster |  |\n| Professor W.J. Hinton |  |\n| Dr. W.H. Kauntze | C.M.G., M.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., D.P.H. |\n| I.A. Morse, Esq., | C.B.E. |\n| Sir George Moss | K.B.E. |\n| Professor L.M. Penson |  |\n| R.E. Priestley, Esq., | M.C., D.Sc. |\n| Sir Humphrey Frideaux Bruno | K.B.E., C.M.G. |\n| D.J. Sloss, Esq., | C.B.E. |\n| N.L. Smith, Esq., | C.M.G. |\n| J.A. Venn, Litt.D., | F.S.A. |\n| Miss A.M. Ruston | (Secretary) |\n\n43",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-593-6 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee papers 1-1-1939 - 31-12-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 581012,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-1 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 29-3-1946 - 3-7-1946",
        "page_number": 3,
        "title": "CO129-594-1 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 29-3-1946 - 3-7-1946",
        "content_text": "## DRAFT\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n### DAMATTER\n\n**SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES**\n\nSir,\n\nIn response to your invitation of the 31st December, 1945, to us to advise you on the questions of \n(a) whether or not the University of Hong Kong, as such, should continue to exist and if so the policy which should govern its resuscitation and \n(b) to consider in some detail the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue,\n\nwe have the honour to present our unanimous report.\n\nWe have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour obedient servants,\n\n### Chairman\n### Members",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-1 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 29-3-1946 - 3-7-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 581219,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-1 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 29-3-1946 - 3-7-1946",
        "page_number": 210,
        "title": "CO129-594-1 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 29-3-1946 - 3-7-1946",
        "content_text": "# The Present Committee and its Terms of Reference\n\n11. (HKUAC No 3) During the War, the Colonial Office kept the interests of the University in mind. A Memorandum submitted to the Far Eastern Committee of the War Cabinet on 20th February 1945 restated very clearly the approval of the wider political value that the University might have if properly supported, quoting comments and decisions of the Colonial Office and Foreign Office in 1939. The Memorandum was concerned not only with this long-range policy but not less with what could be done to restore the University as quickly as possible to meet the local need, especially for Doctors and teachers. Quoting Sir Humphrey Prideaux Brune, the Memorandum points out that \"up till now it is largely to America that China has turned for help in the educational field, whilst, unfortunate as it may be, Britain is associated in the Chinese mind with questions of commerce rather than culture\". The Memorandum concludes, \"It seems to the Colonial Office, therefore, that from the chaos of war an opportunity has arisen which can be used to establish the University finally on the lines intended by its Founder and prove it to be an important practical contribution to Anglo-Chinese goodwill and understanding in the future.\"\n\n12. Shortly before the collapse of Japan, another Committee was appointed mainly to consider what could be done to forward the \"short-term\" policy of opening the University as soon as possible to train men and women needed for the public services, Medicine, Surgery, and Teaching, especially. That Committee had not sat when members of the University Staff returned from internment in Hong Kong. The Colonial Office therefore decided to add to the Membership of the Committee and to widen the terms of reference to include consideration of both short-term and long-term policies. In this manner, the present Committee came into being.\n\n13. Its terms of reference are:-\n \n| Clause | Terms of Reference |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) | to make a recommendation as to whether or not the University as such should continue to exist, and if so, the policy which should govern its resuscitation, |\n| (b) | to advise in some detail on the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue. |\n\n14. The following accepted the Secretary of State's invitation to serve on this Committee;\n\n- C.W.M. Cox, Esq., C.M.G., Chairman\n- Walter Adams, Esq.\n- E. Burney, Esq., M.C., H.M.I.\n- H.J. Channon, Esq., C.M.G., D.Sc.\n- Sir Herbert Eason, C.B., C.M.G., M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S.\n- Mrs. L. Foster\n- Professor W.J. Hinton\n- Dr. W.H. Kauntze, C.M.G., M.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., D.P.H.\n- A. Morse, Esq., C.B.E.\n- Sir George Moss, K.B.E.\n- Professor L.M. Penson\n- R.E. Priestley, Esq., M.C., D.Sc.\n- Sir Humphrey Prideaux-Brune, K.B.E., C.M.G.\n- D.J. Sloss, Esq., C.B.E.\n- N.L. Smith, Esq., C.M.G.\n- J.A. Venn, Litt.D., F.S.A.\n- Miss A.M. Ruston (Secretary)\n\nPage 210\nPage 211",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-1 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 29-3-1946 - 3-7-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 581259,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-1 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 29-3-1946 - 3-7-1946",
        "page_number": 250,
        "title": "CO129-594-1 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 29-3-1946 - 3-7-1946",
        "content_text": "## The Present Committee\n\n205\n\n### Terms of Reference\n\n12. COMMITTEES\n\n4\n\nShortly before the collapse of Japan, another Committee was appointed mainly to consider what could be done to forward the \"short-term\" policy of opening the University as soon as possible to train men and women needed for the public services, Medicine, Surgery, and teaching especially. That Committee had not sat when members of the University Staff returned from internment in Hong Kong. The Colonial Office therefore decided to add to the Membership of the Committee and to widen the terms of reference to include consideration of both short-term and long-term policies. In this manner, the present Committee came into being. Its terms of reference are:\n\na) to make a recommendation as to whether or not the University as such should continue to exist, and if so, the policy which should govern its resuscitation, and\nb) to advise in some detail on the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue.\n\nThe following accepted the Secretary of State's invitation to serve on this Committee:\n\n**Members**\n\n| Name | Title/Honors |\n| --- | --- |\n| C.W.M. Cox, Esq. | C.M.G., Chairman |\n| Walter Adams, Esq. |  |\n| E. Burney, Esq. | M.C., H.M.I. |\n| H.J. Channon, Esq. | C.M.G., D.Sc. |\n| Sir Herbert Enson | C.B., C.M.G., M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S. |\n| Mrs. L. Foster |  |\n| Professor W.J. Hinton |  |\n| Dr. W.H. Kauntze | C.M.G., M.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., D.P.H. |\n| J.A. Morse, Esq. | C.B.E. |\n| Sir George Moss | K.B.E. |\n| Professor L.M. Penson |  |\n| R.E. Priestley, Esq. | M.C., D.Sc. |\n| Sir Humphrey Prideaux Bruno | K.B.E., C.M.G. |\n| D.J. Sloss, Esq. | C.B.E. |\n| N.L. Smith, Esq. | C.M.G. |\n| J.A. Venn | Litt.D., F.S.A. |\n| Miss A.M. Ruston | Secretary |\n\n249\n\nPage 250  \nPage 251\n\n## CONFLICTS OF SHORT...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-1 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 29-3-1946 - 3-7-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 581306,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "page_number": 40,
        "title": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "content_text": "## Part V. Immediate Action\n\n75. By our terms of reference, we were asked to advise in some detail on the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue. Early in our sessions, however, we were informed that there had been established in London by Order in Council **The Hong Kong University Provisional Powers Committee** with authority to deal with immediately important University matters until the proper authorities of the University could fulfil their functions. We have been kept informed of the decisions of this Provisional Powers Committee and have received the following summary of the action it has taken to facilitate an early resumption of higher education in Hong Kong:\n\n(a) Buildings: The Civil Affairs Administration in Hong Kong has undertaken to push forward as rapidly as possible with the work of restoring buildings. The Committee asked that high priority should be given to the repair and refitting of the elementary Science laboratories, of the Medical laboratories, of part of the classrooms in the Arts building, of an office, and of residences for students and staff.\n\n(b) Libraries: Nothing was necessary here except the separation away from the University stocks of the large numbers of books from other places which were gathered at the library for safe-keeping. The Provisional Powers Committee has not attempted to make good the wartime deficiency of periodicals and new books but suggests that towards this end, the University should seek the help of the British Council and of the United Nations Organisation.\n\n(c) Laboratory equipment: English manufacturers of laboratory equipment have been accommodating to a degree beyond earlier anticipation. It is expected that equipment for the elementary sciences and for medicine will be installed and ready for use by October of this year, and that equipment for engineering laboratories will follow two or three months later.\n\n(d) Admission Examination: To ensure a satisfactory standard of entrance, it has been arranged that the London University Matriculation Examination will be used.\n\n## APPENDIX A. ADVISORY COMMITTEE\n\n* C. W. M. Cox, Esq., C.M.G. (Chairman). Educational Adviser to Secretary of State for Colonies.\n* Walter Adams, Esq. Secretary of the Inter-University Council for Higher Education in the Colonies and Secretary-Designate of the Colonial University Grants Advisory Committee.\n* E. Burney, Esq., M.C., H.M.I. Member of the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies. Visited Hong Kong in 1934 to advise on education.\n* H. J. Channon, Esq., C.M.G., D.Sc. Member of the McLean Commission on Higher Education in Malaya; of the Elliot Commission on Higher Education in West Africa and of the Asquith Commission on Higher Education in the Colonies. Formerly Professor of Biochemistry, Liverpool University.\n* Sir Herbert Eason, C.B., C.M.G., M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S. President of the General Medical Council. Formerly Principal of London University.\n* Mrs. L. Forster. For many years resident in Hong Kong: wife of the Professor of Education, Hong Kong University.\n* Professor W. J. Hinton. Professor of Political Economy, Dean, member of Court and Council of Hong Kong University 1913 to 1929. Director of Studies, Institute of Bankers since 1929.\n* Dr. W. M. Kauntze, C.M.G., M.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., D.P.M. Medical Adviser to the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n* A. Morse, Esq., C.B.E. General Manager of Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and Treasurer of Hong Kong University.\n* Sir George Moss, K.B.E. Late Consul-General, Hankow.\n* Professor L. M. Penson. Chairman of Academic Council and Professor of Modern History, London University. Member of the Asquith Commission; and of the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies.\n* Sir Humphrey Prideaux-Brune, K.B.E., C.M.G. Cultural Relations Department of the Foreign Office. Formerly acting Chinese Counsellor and sometime Charge d'Affaires, His Majesty's Embassy, Chungking, also China Relations Officer, New Delhi.\n* R. E. Priestley, Esq., M.C., D.Sc. Vice-Chancellor, Birmingham University. Member of the Asquith Commission; of the Irvine Committee on Higher Education in the West Indies and of the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies.\n* D. J. Sloss, Esq., C.B.E. Vice-Chancellor, Hong Kong University since 1937. Formerly Principal of University College, Rangoon.\n* N. L. Smith, Esq., C.M.G. Formerly Hong Kong Administrative Service (Colonial Secretary 1936-1941).\n* J. A. Venn, Esq., Litt.D., F.S.A. President of Queen's College, Cambridge. Member of the Asquith Commission on Higher Education in the Colonies. Visited Hong Kong 1931.\n* Miss A. M. Ruston (Secretary). Member of the Eastern Department of the Colonial Office.\n\n## APPENDIX B. HONG KONG UNIVERSITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE LIST OF COMMITTEE PAPERS ISSUED UP TO 1ST JUNE, 1946\n\n| Ref. | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| HKUAC 1 | Copy of letter dated 9th November, 1939, from the Secretary of State for the Colonies to the Governor of Hong Kong. |\n| HKUAC 2 | Report by the 1943 Advisory Committee on Hong Kong University and the Higher Educational Institutes in Malaya and Hong Kong. |\n| HKUAC 3 | The Future of the Hong Kong University - Memorandum submitted by the Colonial Office to the Far Eastern Committee of the War Cabinet. |\n| HKUAC 4 | Observations regarding the possible reconstitution of the University of Hong Kong by Dr. Gordon King, F.R.C.S., F.R.C.O.G. Former Dean of the Medical Faculty of the University. |\n| HKUAC 5 | Copy of a letter dated 30th August, 1945, from Professor Percy Roxby of the British Council in China. |\n| HKUAC 6 | Copy of a letter dated 22nd August, 1945, from Dr. Joseph Needham, Sc.D., F.R.S., Head of the British Scientific Mission in China. |\n\nPage 40\nPage 41",
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    {
        "id": 581311,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "page_number": 45,
        "title": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "content_text": "## Colonial Office, \n## Downing Street, \n## S. W. 1. \n## July, 1946. \n\nSir, \n\nIn response to your invitation to us of the 31st December, 1945, to advise you on the questions of \n\n(a) whether or not the University of Hong Kong, as such, should continue to exist and if so the policy which should govern its resuscitation and \n(b) the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue, \n\nwe have the honour to present our report. \n\nWe have the honour to be \nSir, \nYour most obedient servants, \n**Chairman**...l of... **Members**... Wau Arame \n\n`IN 70/6` \n\nlo \nGthoz...... Lillian 14. Penor \nRaymor Frunth \nJ. Glam \nJ.Ne. \n1... A...MASEN. (an/worey and by calls) \nAltos.. \n\n## NOTE \n**THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES.** \nMr. E. Burney, M.C., H.M.I. and Dr. H.J. Channon, C. M. G. D.Sc. were prevented by the pressure of other duties from continuing their membership of the Committee.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 581358,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "page_number": 85,
        "title": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "content_text": "## \n\n18 1 112 \n\nAgays resued 6.7.46 \n\n**Colonial Office,** \n**Downing Street,** \n**S. W. 1.** \n**July, 1946.** \n\nIn response to your invitation to us of the 31st December, 1945, to advise you on the questions of \n(a) whether or not the University of Hong Kong, as such, should continue to exist and if so the policy which should govern its resuscitation and \n(b) the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue, \nwe have the honour to present our unanimous report. \n\nWe have the honour to be \nSir, \nYour most obedient servants, \n**Chairman.** \n**Members.** \n\n**THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES.**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 581395,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "page_number": 122,
        "title": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "content_text": "# \n\nSir,\n\n**Mashed Corby** \n\nColonial Office, \nDowning Street, \nS.W.1. \nJuly, 1946. \n\n149 \n\nIn response to your invitation to us of the 31st December, 1945, to advise you on the questions of \n\n(a) whether or not the University of Hong Kong, as such, should continue to exist and if so the policy which should govern its resuscitation and \n(b) the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue, \nwe have the honour to present our report.\n\nWe have the honour to be, \nSir, \nYour most obedient servants, \n\nChairman. \nMembers. \n\n## \n\n**THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES** \n\nPage 149 \n52426 \n26",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 581489,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "page_number": 57,
        "title": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "content_text": "## :57 \n\nPresent: It \n\n1. The Chairman welcomed the members to make a statement and invited Sir Edward Gent to explain the origins of this Committee.\n\n2. Sir Edward Gent, speaking for himself, said that this Committee was formed to make proposals regarding University matters to the British authorities in the Colony. He referred to the Secretariat's papers before the meeting, emphasizing the political and economic position. It was in his view important that the University should be developed on the lines laid down by its founders. Economic issues will be discussed in the next meeting; fifty questions rely largely on the products of that University. The University should have to defend its high aim.\n\n3. Mr. Slade was asked to assume further assignments that it was in view not to support the policy of the Secretary of State and of H.H. Governor to develop the University having merely local interests but broader Chinese interests also, as laid down by its founders.\n\nSir Edward Gent replied that the policy was in conformity with that of the Committee (as stated in paragraph 3 of the paper) and that the policy was correct. It was in line with section (a) of the terms of reference.\n\n4. The Chairman referred to Sir Andrew Caldecott's letter and stated that the Committee was at liberty to express its views. For this purpose, a suggestion was included in Paper No. `F1943`. Sir Edward Gent recollected that an alternative was proposed to meet the needs of both Malaya and Hong Kong. It was stated that this Committee, when proposing a \"short-term\" plan (as reported in Paper No. 2), was essentially for the purposes of the Committee. The University might wish to express a joint opinion.\n\n5. The Chairman pointed out the necessity of short-range measures to restore activities in the University of Hong Kong and also the difficulty of making long-term proposals which would not complicate decisions for a long-term policy.\n\n6 & 7. Prof. Pense inquired about the intentions of the founders of the University and whether they were still applicable in the changed political conditions.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 581492,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "page_number": 60,
        "title": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG UNIVERSITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE\n\n## DRAFT MINUTES\nof the First Meeting of the Hong Kong University Advisory Committee held at 2.30 p.m. on Friday, the 18th of January, 1946, in the Conference Room, Dover House.\n\n### Present:\n| Name |\n| --- |\n| Mr. C. W. M. Cox (in the chair) |\n| Mr. Walter Adams |\n| Dr. H. J. Channon |\n| Sir Herbert Eason |\n| Mrs. L. Forster |\n| Sir Edward Gent |\n| Mr. M. Hegeltine |\n| Professor W. J. Hinton |\n| Sir George Moss |\n| Professor L. M. Penson |\n| Sir Humphrey Prideaux-Brune |\n| Dr. R. E. Priestley |\n| Mr. D. J. Sloss |\n| Mr. N. L. Smith |\n| Dr. J. A. Venn |\n| Miss A. M. Ruston (Secretary) |\n\nMr. E. Burney and Mr. A. A. Morse were unable to be present.\n\n1. The Chairman, in the name of the Secretary of State, after explaining the origins of the Committee, welcomed the members and invited Sir Edward Gent to make a statement on the background to the question on which the Committee were to advise, stressing that he spoke in a purely personal capacity.\n\n2. Sir Edward Gent, speaking for himself, said that the Committee were asked to make proposals of lasting importance to the British position in the Far East. He referred to the papers before the meeting. In view of the political and economic position of Hong Kong, in his view, it was important that the University should be developed on the lines laid down by its founders. Referring to the possible future development of Hong Kong, he thought that for the political and economic wellbeing of Hong Kong in the next twenty to fifty years, they would have to rely in large part on the \"products of Hong Kong University.\" He stressed again the necessity of maintaining the high aim of its founders. He thought that if the University came to serve only the needs of the Colony, the future of Hong Kong might be compromised. There should be no little belief between the colleagues in China.\n\nMr. Sloss asked if the Committee was to assume that it was the policy of the Secretary of State and of His Majesty's Government to support the reconstruction and development of the University, having in view not merely local interests but broader Chinese interests also.\n\nSir Edward Gent replied that the policy of the Colonial...\n\nPage 60\nPage 61",
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        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 581496,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "page_number": 64,
        "title": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG UNIVERSITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE\n\n## DRAFT MINUTES OF THE FIRST MEETING\n\nof Hong Kong University Advisory Committee held at 2.30 p.m. on Friday, the 18th of January, 1946, in the Conference Room, Dover House.\n\n### Present:\n\n| Name |\n| --- |\n| Mr. C.W.M. Cox (in the chair) |\n| Mr. Walter Adams |\n| Dr. H.J. Channon |\n| Sir Herbert Eason |\n| Mr. L. Forster |\n| Sir Edward Gent |\n| Mr. M. Hezeltine |\n| Professor W.J. Hinton |\n| Sir George Moss |\n| Professor L. Pennison |\n| Sir Humphrey Prideaux-Brune |\n| Dr. R.S. Priestley |\n| Mr. D.J. Sloss |\n| Mr. N.L. Smith |\n| Dr. J.A. Venn |\n| Miss A.M. Ruston (Secretary) |\n\nMr. I. Burney and Mr. A. Morse were unable to be present.\n\nThe Chairman, in the name of the Secretary of State, welcomed the members and, after explaining the origins of the Committee, invited Sir Edward Gent to make a statement on the background to the questions on which the Committee were asked to advise.\n\nSir Edward Gent, stressing that he spoke in a purely personal capacity, said that the Committee were asked to make proposals of lasting importance to the British position in the Far East. He referred to papers before the meeting. Bearing in mind the political and economic position of Hong Kong, it was, in his view, important that the University should be developed on the lines laid down by its founders. Referring to the possible future development of a form of municipal government in Hong Kong, he thought that in the next twenty to fifty years, we should have to rely in large part on the \"products of Hong Kong University\" and it was important, therefore, that there should be no rift between them and their colleagues in China. He thought that if the University came to serve only the narrower needs of the Colony, the future of Hong Kong might be seriously compromised.\n\nMr. Sloss asked if the Committee could assume that it was the policy of His Majesty's Government to support the reconstruction and development of the University, having in view not merely local interests but broader Chinese interests also.\n\nSir Edward Gent replied that the policy of the Colonial Office was expressed in `HKU/A/C No. 1` and reaffirmed in `HKU/A/C No. 3`, but that if the Committee were of the opinion that this policy was wrong, it was at liberty to say so. For this reason, section (a) of the terms of reference had been included.\n\nThe Chairman referred to the adverse view expressed by Sir Andrew Caldecott (`HK/U.A.C. No.7`) and to a suggestion in `HKU/A/C No.2` (paragraph 10) that an alternative to a reconstituted University at Hong Kong was a British University of the Far East to meet the needs of both Malaya and Hong Kong.\n\n/Sir Edward Gent",
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    {
        "id": 581499,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "page_number": 67,
        "title": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG UNIVERSITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE\n\n## DRAFT MINUTES OF THE FIRST MEETING OF THE Hong Kong University Advisory Committee\n\nheld at 2.30 p.m. on Friday, the 18th of January, 1946, in the Conference Room, Dover House.\n\n### Present:\n| Name | \n| --- | \n| Mr. C.W.M.Cox (in the chair) | \n| Mr. Walter Adams | \n| Dr. H.J. Channon | \n| Sir Herbert Eason | \n| Mrs. L. Forster | \n| Sir Edward Gent | \n| Mr. M. Hezeltine | \n| Professor W.J. Hinton | \n| Sir George Moss | \n| Professor L.M. Pens on | \n| Sir Humphrey Prideaux-Brune | \n| Dr. R.E. Priestley | \n| Mr. D. J. Sloss | \n| Mr. N.L. Smith | \n| Dr. J.A. Venn | \n| Miss A.M. Ruston (Secretary) | \n\nMr. D. Burney and Mr. A. Morse were unable to be present.\n\nThe Chairman, in the name of the Secretary of State, welcomed the members and, after explaining the origins of the Committee, invited Sir Edward Gent to make a statement on the background to the questions on which the Committee were asked to advise.\n\nSir Edward Gent, stressing that he spoke in a purely personal capacity, said that the Committee were asked to make proposals of lasting importance to the British position in the Far East. He referred to papers before the meeting. Bearing in mind the political and economic position of Hong Kong, it was, in his view, important that the University should be developed on the lines laid down by its founders. Referring to the possible future development of a form of municipal government in Hong Kong, he thought that in the next twenty to fifty years, we should have to rely in large part on the \"products of Hong Kong University,\" and it was important, therefore, that there should be no rift between them and their colleagues in China. He thought that if the University came to serve only the narrower needs of the Colony, the future of Hong Kong might be seriously compromised.\n\nMr. Sloss asked if the Committee could assume that it was the policy of His Majesty's Government to support the reconstruction and development of the University, having in view not merely local interests but broader Chinese interests also.\n\nSir Edward Gent replied that the policy of the Colonial Office was expressed in `HKUAC No. 1` and reaffirmed in `HKUAC No. 3`, but that if the Committee were of the opinion that this policy was wrong, it was at liberty to say so. For this reason, section (a) of the terms of reference had been included.\n\nThe Chairman referred to the adverse view expressed by Sir Andrew Caldecott (`HKUAC No.7`) and to a suggestion in `HKUAC No.2` (paragraph 10) that an alternative to a reconstituted University at Hong Kong was a British University of the Far East to meet the needs of both Malaya and Hong Kong.",
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    {
        "id": 581502,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "page_number": 70,
        "title": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG UNIVERSITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE\n\n## DRAFT MINUTES OF THE FIRST MEETING\nof the Hong Kong University Advisory Committee held at 2.30 p.m. on Friday, the 18th of January, in the Conference Room, Dover House\n\n1946,\n\n1.\n2.\n3.\n4.\n\n### Present:\n\n* Mr. C.W.M. Cox (in the chair)\n* Mr. Walter Adams\n* Dr. H.J. Channon\n* Sir Herbert Eason\n* Mrs. L. Forster\n* Sir Edward Gent\n* Mr. M. Hezeltine\n* Professor W. J. Hinton\n* Sir George Moss\n* Professor L.M. Penson\n* Sir Humphrey Prideaux-Brune\n* Dr. R.E. Priestley\n* Mr. D. J. Sloss\n* Mr. N.L. Smith\n* Dr. J.A. Venn\n* Miss A.M. Ruston (Secretary)\n\nMr. Burney and Mr. A. Morse were unable to be present.\n\nThe Chairman, in the name of the Secretary of State, welcomed the members and, after explaining the origins of the Committee, invited Sir Edward Gent to make a statement on the background to the questions on which the Committee were asked to advise.\n\nSir Edward Gent, stressing that he spoke in a purely personal capacity, said that the Committee were asked to make proposals of lasting importance to the British position in the Far East. He referred to papers before the meeting. Bearing in mind the political and economic position of Hong Kong, it was, in his view, important that the University should be developed on the lines laid down by its founders. Referring to the possible future development of a form of municipal government in Hong Kong, he thought that in the next twenty to fifty years, we should have to rely in large part on the \"products of Hong Kong University\" and it was important, therefore, that there should be no rift between them and their colleagues in China. He thought that if the University came to serve only the narrower needs of the Colony, the future of Hong Kong might be seriously compromised.\n\nMr. Sloss asked if the Committee could assume that it was the policy of His Majesty's Government to support the reconstruction and development of the University, having in view not merely local interests but broader Chinese interests also.\n\nSir Edward Gent replied that the policy of the Colonial Office was expressed in `HKUAC No. 1` and reaffirmed in `HKUAC No. 3`, but that if the Committee were of opinion that this policy was wrong, it was at liberty to say so. For this reason, section (a) of the terms of reference had been included.\n\nThe Chairman referred to the adverse view expressed by Sir Andrew Caldecott (`HKUAC No. 7`) and to a suggestion in `HKUAC No. 2` (paragraph 10) that an alternative to a reconstituted University at Hong Kong was a British University of the Far East to meet the needs of both Malaya and Hong Kong.\n\nPage 70\nPage 71",
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    {
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        "page_number": 73,
        "title": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG UNIVERSITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE\n\n## DRAFT MINUTES OF THE FIRST MEETING\n\nof the Hong Kong University Advisory Committee held at 2.30 p.m. on Friday, the 18th of January, 1946, in the Conference Room, Dover House.\n\n### Present:\n\n* Mr. C.W.M. Cox (in the chair)\n* Mr. Walter Adams\n* Dr. H.J. Channon\n* Sir Herbert Eason\n* Mrs. L. Forster\n* Sir Edward Gent\n* Mr. M. Hezeltine\n* Professor W. T. Hinton\n* Sir George Moss\n* Professor L.M. Penson\n* Sir Humphrey Prideaux-Brune\n* Dr. R.E. Priestley\n* Mr. D. J. Sloss\n* Mr. N.L. Smith\n* Dr. J.A. Venn\n* Miss A.M. Ruston (Secretary)\n\nMr. L. Burney and Mr. A. Morse were unable to be present.\n\nThe Chairman, in the name of the Secretary of State, welcomed the members and, after explaining the origins of the Committee, invited Sir Edward Gent to make a statement on the background to the questions on which the Committee were asked to advise.\n\nSir Edward Gent, stressing that he spoke in a purely personal capacity, said that the Committee were asked to make proposals of lasting importance to the British position in the Far East. He referred to papers before the meeting. Bearing in mind the political and economic position of Hong Kong, it was, in his view, important that the University should be developed on the lines laid down by its founders. Referring to the possible future development of a form of municipal government in Hong Kong, he thought that in the next twenty to fifty years they should have to rely in large part on the \"products of Hong Kong University\" and it was important, therefore, that there should be no rift between them and their colleagues in China. He thought that if the University came to serve only the narrower needs of the Colony, the future of Hong Kong might be seriously compromised.\n\nMr. Sloss asked if the Committee could assume that it was the policy of His Majesty's Government to support the reconstruction and development of the University, having in view not merely local interests but broader Chinese interests also.\n\nSir Edward Gent replied that the policy of the Colonial Office was expressed in `HKUAC No. 1` and reaffirmed in `HKUAC No. 3`, but that if the Committee were of the opinion that this policy was wrong, it was at liberty to say so. For this reason, section (a) of the terms of reference had been included.\n\nThe Chairman referred to the adverse view expressed by Sir Andrew Caldecott (`HKUAC No. 7`) and to a suggestion in `HKUAC No. 2` (paragraph 10) that an alternative to a reconstituted University at Hong Kong was a British University of the Far East to meet the needs of both Malaya and Hong Kong.\n\n/Sir Edward Gent",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 581508,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "page_number": 76,
        "title": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG UNIVERSITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE\n\n## DRAFT MINUTES OF THE FIRST MEETING\nof the Hong Kong University Advisory Committee held at 2.30 p.m. on Friday, the 18th of January, 1946, in the Conference Room, Dover House.\n\n### Present:\n| Name | Title/Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mr. C.W.M. Cox | (in the chair) |\n| Mr. Walter Adams |  |\n| Dr. H.J. Channon |  |\n| Sir Herbert Eason |  |\n| Mrs. L. Forster |  |\n| Sir Edward Gent |  |\n| Mr. M. Hezeltine |  |\n| Professor W.J. Hinton |  |\n| Sir George Moss |  |\n| Professor L.M. Penson |  |\n| Sir Humphrey Prideaux-Brune |  |\n| Dr. R.E. Priestley |  |\n| Mr. D. J. Sloss |  |\n| Mr. N. L. Smith |  |\n| Dr. J.A. Venn |  |\n| Miss A.M. Ruston | (Secretary) |\n\nMr. Burney and Mr. A. Morse were unable to be present.\n\nThe Chairman, in the name of the Secretary of State, welcomed the members and, after explaining the origins of the Committee, invited Sir Edward Gent to make a statement on the background to the questions on which the Committee were asked to advise.\n\nSir Edward Gent, stressing that he spoke in a purely personal capacity, said that the Committee were asked to make proposals of lasting importance to the British position in the Far East. He referred to papers before the meeting. Bearing in mind the political and economic position of Hong Kong, it was, in his view, important that the University should be developed on the lines laid down by its founders. Referring to the possible future development of a form of municipal government in Hong Kong, he thought that in the next twenty to fifty years, we should have to rely in large part on the \"products of Hong Kong University,\" and it was important, therefore, that there should be no rift between them and their colleagues in China. He thought that if the University came to serve only the narrower needs of the Colony, the future of Hong Kong might be seriously compromised.\n\nMr. Sloss asked if the Committee could assume that it was the policy of His Majesty's Government to support the reconstruction and development of the University, having in view not merely local interests but broader Chinese interests also.\n\nSir Edward Gent replied that the policy of the Colonial Office was expressed in `HKUAC No. 1` and reaffirmed in `HKUAC No. 3`, but that if the Committee were of the opinion that this policy was wrong, it was at liberty to say so. For this reason, section (a) of the terms of reference had been included.\n\nThe Chairman referred to the adverse view expressed by Sir Andrew Caldecott (`HKUAC No. 7`) and to a suggestion in `HKUAC No. 2` (paragraph 10) that an alternative to a reconstituted University at Hong Kong was a British University of the Far East to meet the needs of both Malaya and Hong Kong.\n\n/Sir Edward Gent",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 581511,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "page_number": 79,
        "title": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG UNIVERSITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE\n\n## DRAFT MINUTES OF THE FIRST MEETING\nof the Hong Kong University Advisory Committee held at 2.30 p.m. on Friday, the 18th of January, 1946, in the Conference Room, Dover House.\n\n### Present:\n| Name | Title/Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mr. C.W.M. Cox | (in the chair) |\n| Mr. Walter Adams |  |\n| Dr. H.J. Channon |  |\n| Sir Herbert Eason |  |\n| Mrs. L. Forster |  |\n| Sir Edward Gent |  |\n| Mr. M. Hezeltine |  |\n| Professor W. J. Hinton |  |\n| Sir George Moss |  |\n| Professor L.M. Penson |  |\n| Sir Humphrey Prideaux-Brune |  |\n| Dr. R.E. Priestley |  |\n| Mr. D. J. Sloss |  |\n| Mr. N. L. Smith |  |\n| Dr. J.A. Venn |  |\n| Miss A.M. Ruston | (Secretary) |\n\nMr. Burney and Mr. A. Morse were unable to be present.\n\nThe Chairman, in the name of the Secretary of State, welcomed the members and, after explaining the origins of the Committee, invited Sir Edward Gent to make a statement on the background to the questions on which the Committee were asked to advise.\n\nSir Edward Gent, stressing that he spoke in a purely personal capacity, said that the Committee were asked to make proposals of lasting importance to the British position in the Far East. He referred to papers before the meeting. Bearing in mind the political and economic position of Hong Kong, it was, in his view, important that the University should be developed on the lines laid down by its founders. Referring to the possible future development of a form of municipal government in Hong Kong, he thought that in the next twenty to fifty years, we should have to rely in large part on the \"products of Hong Kong University\" and it was important, therefore, that there should be no rift between them and their colleagues in China. He thought that if the University came to serve only the narrower needs of the Colony, the future of Hong Kong might be seriously compromised.\n\nMr. Sloss asked if the Committee could assume that it was the policy of His Majesty's Government to support the reconstruction and development of the University, having in view not merely local interests but broader Chinese interests also.\n\nSir Edward Gent replied that the policy of the Colonial Office was expressed in `HKUAC No. 1` and reaffirmed in `HKUAC No. 3`, but that if the Committee were of the opinion that this policy was wrong, it was at liberty to say so. For this reason, section (a) of the terms of reference had been included.\n\nThe Chairman referred to the adverse view expressed by Sir Andrew Caldecott (`HKUAC No. 7`) and to a suggestion in `HKUAC No. 2` (paragraph 10) that an alternative to a reconstituted University at Hong Kong was a British University of the Far East to meet the needs of both Malaya and Hong Kong.\n\n/Sir Edward Gent",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 581540,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "page_number": 108,
        "title": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "content_text": "## \n108\n\n11. \n12. \n13. \n14. \n15. \n\nresources. He thought before trying to ascertain the probable reactions of the Chinese Government it should be made clear what financial backing would be forthcoming from H.M.G.\n\nSir Humphrey Prideaux Brune said that the present position in regard to the future of Hong Kong was uncertain and he could offer no opinion as to the attitude of the Foreign Office to the project of re-establishing a University on the broader basis. He was not sure that it was prudent at this time to suggest spending large sums of British money towards this end.\n\nThe Chairman, referring to a letter from Dr. Joseph Needham (`HKUAC 6`) and the high status of some of the Chinese Universities, said that to aim at something of less worth for Hong Kong, even if it were necessary to restrict the field, would, he thought, be a negation of the policy of the Founder.\n\nProfessor Hinton and other members of the Committee were of the opinion that if money were spent to establish a first-class University and after a relatively short time Hong Kong were returned to China, such a University would be justified as a continuing source of British influence in China.\n\nThe Chairman read a letter which had been received from Dr. Channon and said he thought there was virtual commitment to a University in Malaya. The Committee agreed that such an institution need not affect discussion of a University to serve the needs of Hong Kong and China and that it was undesirable and inappropriate to attempt to achieve a combined University.\n\nThe Chairman suggested that at the next meeting the Committee should devote itself to making a \"blue-print\" for a revived University adequately to represent British standards. Such a blue print would provide a basis on which...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 581551,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "page_number": 119,
        "title": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "content_text": "## \nThe Committee requested that the Secretary should write to the relevant authority acknowledging the usefulness of the lists of laboratory equipment which had been loaned; pointing out the dangers arising from competition among British institutions in the East and institutions in devastated areas in Europe for available stocks and enquiring whether it would be possible for some scheme to be adopted co-ordinating these demands.\n\nThe Committee considered a telegram dated 28th January from the Commander-in-Chief, Hong Kong, to Dr. Sloss (`HKUAC 17`) and decided:\n\n(a) that rehabilitation of buildings might with advantage be taken in hand as early as possible;\n(b) that Mr. Blons' presence in England was desirable until questions of re-staffing and re-equipment had been considered;\n(c) that the Registrar, Mr. S.V. Boxer, should return from Australia in order to re-open the Office of the University and that certain senior members, including Chinese, should return to Hong Kong to undertake the preliminary work necessary before the University could be re-opened and to maintain contact with students and with Chinese Universities.\n\nDifficulties in the way of re-establishing the University were discussed.\n\nThe desirability of sending a delegation to China was agreed.\n\nThe recommendations made by Lord Lugard were considered. It was agreed that Chinese delegates to U.N.O. should be approached, but that Dr. Sloss should inform them unofficially.\n\nMr. ... thought that reactions of the Chinese to financial backing would be forthcoming from Dr. G. ... He thought that the failure to ... was due to the uncertain position in regard to the future of Hong Kong and that he could offer no opinion as to the attitude of the Foreign Office to the project of re-establishing a University on the broader basis. He was not sure that it was prudent at this time to suggest spending large sums of British money towards this end.\n\nSir Humphrey Prideaux Brune said that the present position in regard to the future of Hong Kong was uncertain and he could offer no opinion as to the attitude of the Foreign Office to the project re-establishing a University on the broader basis. He was not sure that it was prudent at this time to suggest spending large sums of British money towards this end.\n\nThe Chairman passed round a letter from Dr. Joseph Needham (`NHCM 6`) and the high status of some of the Chinese Universities said that to aim at something of less worth for Hong Kong would be a negation of the value of the Founder.\n\nProfessor KElven and other members of the Committee were of opinion that if money were spent to establish a first-class University and after a relatively short time Hong Kong were returned to China, such a University would be justified as a continuing influence in China.\n\nThe Chairman read a letter which had been received from Dr. Channon.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 581556,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "page_number": 124,
        "title": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "content_text": "# 番124\n\n12. resources. He thought before trying to ascertain the probable reactions of the Chinese Government it should be made clear what financial backing would be forthcoming from H.M.G.\n\nSir Humphrey Prideaux Brune said that the present position in regard to the future of Hong Kong was uncertain and he could offer no opinion as to the attitude of the Foreign Office to the project of re-establishing a University on the broader basis. He was not sure that it was prudent at this time to suggest spending large sums of British money towards this end.\n\nThe Chairman, referring to a letter from Dr. Joseph Needham (`HKUAC6`) and the high status of some of the Chinese Universities, said that to aim at something of less worth for Hong Kong, even if it were necessary to restrict the field, would, he thought, be a negation of the policy of the Founder.\n\nProfessor Hinton and other members of the Committee were of the opinion that if money were spent to establish a first-class University and after a relatively short time Hong Kong were returned to China, such a University would be justified as a continuing source of British influence in China.\n\nThe Chairman read a letter which had been received from Dr. Channon and said he thought there was a virtual commitment to a University in Malaya. The Committee agreed that such an institution need not affect discussion of a University to serve the needs of Hong Kong and China and that it was undesirable and inappropriate to attempt to achieve a combined University.\n\nThe Chairman suggested that at the next meeting the Committee should devote itself to making a \"blue-print\" for a revived University adequately to represent British standards. Such a blue print would provide a basis on... \n\n## 12.\n## 13.\n## 106",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 583965,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-598-2 Tai Lam Chung Reservoir Project 24-6-1948 - 3-3-1949",
        "page_number": 8,
        "title": "CO129-598-2 Tai Lam Chung Reservoir Project 24-6-1948 - 3-3-1949",
        "content_text": "## \n\nMe Follows said \"The thought so\", but he seemed to have been quite vague.\n\nIt is on a broader basis than has hitherto been the case. If it is agreed that we cannot simply sacrifice the long-term political and strategic considerations without more investigation, I suggest that the despatch needs to be recast somewhat on the following lines. We should no doubt discuss the financial difficulties and possibilities very much in the manner of the present draft (these considerations will be relevant no matter what scheme is adopted), but we should go on to point out the extreme undesirability of Hong Kong being dependent on the New Territories for water supplies to a greater extent than is absolutely necessary, and to ask for much fuller particulars of the site on the Island which is mentioned in paragraph 4 of No.1. At the same time, I think we should follow up Sir Sydney Caine's suggestion (see 'X' in Mr. Sidebotham's minute of 12.7.) that we should ask for fuller particulars of the present scheme and should find out, in particular, whether it would consist of a series of reservoirs rather than a single reservoir? I think this is necessary partly because it affects the financing of the whole proposal, and partly because it is just conceivable that the correct solution might be a modified scheme on the present basis coupled with the development of facilities on the Island itself. I am aware that this would be likely to involve undue capital expenditure, but I feel very strongly that we must be in possession of all the facts before deciding on this vital matter.\n\n6. The issues on which I have touched are so far outside my sphere that I have not ventured on an alternative draft. I should be very happy, however, to assist in the work of drafting if it is felt that the general approach which I have advocated is the right one.\n\nH.T.B  \n31st August, 1948.\n\nMr. Wallace.\n\nIt is clearly necessary that the important political questions raised by Mr. Bourdillon should be considered in the H.K. and P. Department.\n\nThese questions may perhaps not be quite so formidable as at first appears since somewhat similar issues have already been discussed. For example, it has been decided to proceed with the construction of a new airport at Deep Bay in spite of the fact that the site of that airport is on the perimeter of the New Territories. One of the elements in that decision was the consideration that a decision to proceed with projects in the New Territories...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-598-2 Tai Lam Chung Reservoir Project 24-6-1948 - 3-3-1949.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 589997,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-610-1 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 3-1-1947 - 29-12-1947",
        "page_number": 36,
        "title": "CO129-610-1 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 3-1-1947 - 29-12-1947",
        "content_text": "35\n\nI discussed this with Sir Thomas Lloyd on the 26th September and as the result I made the draft telegram to Hong Kong into a personal message from me to the Governor and added a paragraph (see paragraph 4 of 45), offering to approach Treasury for a token grant towards the cost of the re-establishment of the University on the pre-war basis and asking for an approximate estimate of Chinese contributions for this purpose.\n\nIf the Governor wishes the approach to be made, Sir Thomas Lloyd wishes me to take up the matter with Mr. Pitblado to see what the prospects are.\n\nIf Mr. Pitblado takes the view that there is no prospect of a token grant, we shall have to drop the matter. In the meantime the draft letters to Sir Bernard Gilbert and Sir Orme Sargent should be deferred.\n\nThe note for Dr. Sloss's interview with Mr. Ivor Thomas should be prepared now. It should cover the Salaries Commission and the University. I understand that Mr. Ivor Thomas cannot see Dr. Sloss on the 8th October, as originally arranged, and that Mr. Newsam is writing to him to fix another time.\n\n46. Gov. tel.1592\n\nI have put up a note on the University giving a summary of the history since the decision was made to re-establish it on a broader basis.\n\n7.10.47\n\n9-10-47\n\n... proposal ... a ... the de ... a ...\n\nSince ... was made, in case ... wishes to see Dr. Sloss.\n\n47 Dr. D. J. Sloss\n\nMr. Magle\n\nThe note on the Salaries Commission will be sent separately to that file.\n\n1.3. Whyte 10-10-47\n\nThis note has been prepared on the hosting of the University purposes in Col. Williams' file. The note does not refer to the telegram just received, in which we are having a further discussion with the firm on 13/10.\n\n11/10",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-610-1 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 3-1-1947 - 29-12-1947.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 590309,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949",
        "page_number": 111,
        "title": "CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949",
        "content_text": "THE SECRETARY of STATE\n\nFOR THE COLONIES.\n\n3\n\nCOLONIAL OFFICE,\n\nDOWNING STREET,\n\nS.W.I.\n\nJuly, 1946.\n\nSir,\n\nIn response to your invitation to us of the 31st December, 1945, to advise you on the questions of\n\n(a) whether or not the University of Hong Kong, as such, should continue to exist and if so the policy which should govern its resuscitation and\n\n(b) the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue,\n\nwe have the honour to present our unanimous report.\n\nChairman. C. W. M. Cox.\n\nMembers. Walter Adams.\n\nHerbert Eason.\n\nG. H. Forster.\n\nW. J. Hinton.\n\nW. H. Kauntze.\n\n*A. Morse.\n\nG. S. Moss.\n\nLillian M. Penson.\n\nH. Prideaux-Brune.\n\nRaymond Priestley.\n\nSloss.\n\nWITH\n\nD. J. J. A. Venn.\n\nSecretary. A. M. Ruston.\n\n* Authorized by cable.\n\nNote: Mr. E. Burney and Dr. H. J. Channon were prevented by the pressure of other duties from continuing their membership of the Committee.\n\n52226\n\nA 2",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 590332,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949",
        "page_number": 134,
        "title": "CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949",
        "content_text": "THE SECRETARY OF STATE\n\nFOR THE COLONIES.\n\n3.\n\n147\n\nCOLONIAL OFFICE,\n\nDOWNING STREET,\n\nS.W.1.\n\nJuly, 1946.\n\nSir,\n\nIn response to your invitation to us of the 31st December, 1945, to advise you on the questions of\n\n(a) whether or not the University of Hong Kong, as such, should continue to exist and if so the policy which should govern its resuscitation and\n\n(b) the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue,\n\nwe have the honour to present our unanimous report.\n\nChairman. C. W. M. Cox.\n\nMembers. Walter Adams.\n\nHerbert Eason.\n\nG. H. Forster.\n\nW. J. Hinton.\n\nW. H. Kauntze.\n\n*A. Morse.\n\nG. S. Moss.\n\nLillian M. Penson.\n\nH. Prideaux-Brune.\n\nRaymond Priestley.\n\nD. J. Sloss. N. L. Smith J. A. Venn.\n\n+\n\nSecretary. A. M. Ruston.\n\n* Authorized by cable.\n\nNote: Mr. E. Burney and Dr. H. J. Channon were prevented by the pressure of other duties from continuing their membership of the Committee.\n\n52226\n\nA 2",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 590561,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-610-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 15-2-1949 - 7-2-1950",
        "page_number": 131,
        "title": "CO129-610-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 15-2-1949 - 7-2-1950",
        "content_text": "2\n\nMEMBERS.\n\n127\n\nC. W. M. Cox, Esq., C.M.G. (Chairman). Educational Adviser to Secretary of State for Colonies.\n\nWalter Adams, Esq. Secretary of the Inter-University Council for Higher Education in the Colonies and Secretary-Designate of the Colonial University Grants Advisory Committee.\n\nE. Burney, Esq., M.C., H.M.I. Member of the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies. Visited Hong Kong in 1934 to advise on education.\n\nH. J. Channon, Esq., C.M.G., D.Sc. Member of the McLean Commission on Higher Education in Malaya; of the Elliot Commission on Higher Education in West Africa and of the Asquith Commission on Higher Education in the Colonies. Formerly Professor of Biochemistry, Liverpool University.\n\nSir Herbert Eason, C.B., C.M.G., M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S. President of the General Medical Council. Formerly Principal of London University.\n\nMrs. L. Forster. For many years resident in Hong Kong; wife of the Professor of Education, Hong Kong University.\n\nProfessor W. J. Hinton, LL.D. Professor of Political Economy Dean, member of Court and Council of Hong Kong University 1913 to 1929. Director of Studies, Institute of Bankers since 1929.\n\nDr. W. H. Kauntze, C.M.G., M.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., D.P.M. Medical Adviser to the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nA. Morse, Esq., C.B.E. General Manager of Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and Treasurer of Hong Kong University.\n\nSir George Moss, K.B.E. Late Consul-General, Hankow.\n\nProfessor L. M. Penson, Ph.D. Chairman of Academic Council and Professor of Modern History, London University. Member of the Asquith Commission; and of the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies.\n\nSir Humphrey Prideaux-Brune, K.B.E., C.M.G. Cultural Relations Department of the Foreign Office. Formerly acting Chinese Counsellor and sometime Charge d'Affaires, His Majesty's Embassy, Chungking, also China Relations Officer, New Delhi.\n\nR. E. Priestley, Esq., M.C., D.Sc. Vice-Chancellor, Birmingham University. Member of the Asquith Commission; of the Irvine Committee on Higher Education in the West Indies and of the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies.\n\nD. J. Sloss, Esq., C.B.E. Vice-Chancellor, Hong Kong University since 1937. Formerly Principal of University College, Rangoon.\n\nN. L. Smith, Esq., C.M.G. Formerly Hong Kong Administrative Service (Colonial Secretary 1936-1941).\n\nJ. A. Venn, Esq., Litt.D., F.S.A. President of Queens' College, Cambridge. Member of the Asquith Commission on Higher Education in the Colonies. Visited Hong Kong 1931.\n\nMiss A. M. Ruston (Secretary). Member of the Eastern Department of the Colonial Office.\n\nTHE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES.\n\nSir,\n\n3\n\nCOLONIAL OFFICE,\n\nDowning Street,\n\nS.W.I.\n\n128\n\nJuly, 1946.\n\nIn response to your invitation to us of the 31st December, 1945, to advise you on the questions of\n\n(a) whether or not the University of Hong Kong, as such, should continue to exist and if so the policy which should govern its resuscitation and\n\n(b) the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue,\n\nwe have the honour to present our unanimous report.\n\nChairman. C. W. M. Cox.\n\nMembers. Walter Adams.\n\nHerbert Eason.\n\nG. H. Forster.\n\nW. J. Hinton,\n\nW. H. Kauntze.\n\n*A. Morse.\n\nG. S. Moss.\n\nLillian M. Penson.\n\nH. Prideaux-Brune.\n\nRaymond Priestley. D. J. Sloss. J. A. Venn.\n\nTABLE OF CONTENTS\n\nPREFACE\n\nPART I.\n\nMAIN RECOMMENDATION\n\nPART II.\n\nPART III.\n\nPART IV.\n\nPART V.\n\nARGUMENT IN SUPPORT OF THE RECOMMENDATION SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED UNIVERSITY FINANCE\n\nIMMEDIATE ACTION\n\nAPPENDICES: (A) LIST OF PAPERS CONSIDERED\n\n(B) ORAL EVIDENCE TAKEN\n\nSecretary. A. M. Ruston.\n\nPage\n\n4\n\n14\n\n22\n\n26\n\n28\n\n30\n\n* Authorized by cable.\n\nNote: Mr. E. Burney and Dr. H. J. Channon were prevented by the pressure of other duties from continuing their membership of the Committee.\n\n52226\n\nA 2",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-610-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 15-2-1949 - 7-2-1950.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 592658,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-614-1 Commission of Inquiry into fire at West Point- report 26-5-1949 - 22-12-1949",
        "page_number": 52,
        "title": "CO129-614-1 Commission of Inquiry into fire at West Point- report 26-5-1949 - 22-12-1949",
        "content_text": "# 31 \n# 52 \n\nwhich might be caused by substances other than celluloid, which are chiefly to be found in the regulations to the Dangerous Goods Ordinance, 1873. Although the main cause for the serious loss of life and damage at the Wing On Godowns is attributable to the violent flaming of cinematograph film, storage of which is controlled by a separate series of regulations under the Celluloid and Cinematograph Films Ordinance, 1923, it is convenient to treat film and celluloid as dangerous goods in the broader sense of the term. There, where there is a discrepancy between the two sets of regulations, attention will be drawn to it.\n\n## Legislation for the Handling of Dangerous Goods and Celluloid in General\n### 61. \nThe processes involved in the handling of goods in the Colony are as follows:\n\na) arrival by ship or by train or by air, or manufacture in the Colony from raw materials;\nb) transfer by lighter or road transport or man-handling to warehouses, shops, or manufactories, or transfer to further transport for immediate despatch from the Colony;\nc) storage of goods which have arrived in warehouses or shops or manufactories;\nd) removal from storage by man-handling or road transport or lighter to ships, trains, road transport or aircraft;\ne) departure from the Colony by ship, train, road transport or aircraft.\n\nThe problem is to ensure that dangerous goods and celluloid in bulk and in small quantities are handled at all stages so as to involve the minimum fire risk and danger to human life, and this is the reason for the existence of the Dangerous Goods Ordinance, 1873 with its regulations last revised in 1940, and the Celluloid and Cinematograph Films Ordinance, 1923. It should be stated here that we did not regard our terms of reference as including consideration of the storage and handling of dangerous goods in vessels, trains or aircraft except in so far as carriage in these conveyances impinged on land storage or transport within the Colony.\n\n### 62. \nThe potency of the Dangerous Goods Ordinance rests largely in the regulations to the Ordinance. Broadly, the Ordinance concerns itself",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-614-1 Commission of Inquiry into fire at West Point- report 26-5-1949 - 22-12-1949.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 593227,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-615-2 Income tax 10-3-1947 - 6-2-1948",
        "page_number": 58,
        "title": "CO129-615-2 Income tax 10-3-1947 - 6-2-1948",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nThe demand for social betterment and social security, and the reliance upon taxation based on capacity to pay, represent a process which, clearly observable for years before the war, has received a tremendously added emphasis from the common effort, common toil and common suffering of the war years. If I may, with profound respect and humility, borrow and—to the extent of substituting \"We\" for \"I\"—paraphrase one of the numerous impressive and incomparable utterances of that great war leader the Rt. Hon. Mr. Winston Churchill, in the concluding part of his speech delivered to the House of Commons on the 20th August, 1940, I would say this:—\n\n\"For my own part, looking out upon the future, I do not view the process with any misgivings. We could not stop it if we wished; no one can stop it. Like the Mississippi, it just keeps rolling along. Let it roll. Let it roll on full flood, inexorable, irresistible, benignant, to broader lands and better days.\"\n\n**HON. MR. LEO D'ALMADA E CASTRO.**—I shall vote against this Bill and my reasons for doing so are these:—That whereas I approve of direct taxation in principle, I feel, as I felt at the private meeting of Unofficial Members of this Council some time ago, that this is not the proper time for its introduction. My reasons for feeling that, Sir, then as now, are two: first, because due allowance should be made for citizens and firms in Hong Kong to rehabilitate themselves after a period of four years during which nothing was earned and inroads made in many cases into capital saved—leeway, Sir, which in very many cases cannot have been made up in the short period since the liberation of this Colony. That view is not mine alone; it is shared by many, as reference to correspondence and articles in the local press in the last few weeks will have shown; and it is shared also by at least one responsible body in Hong Kong—the Committee of the Kowloon Residents' Association, which debated this Bill and which has expressed its views to Government by way of a letter addressed to Your Excellency.\n\nMy second reason for voting against this Bill, on the ground that this is not an opportune time for its introduction, is this; that, as we are on the threshold of a new form of Government in Hong Kong, rushing this Bill through now seems to me to savour very much of forestalling any opposition which may develop from the new Government of Hong Kong—if I may conveniently term it such—when that Government comes into office. On that point I beg to differ from certain remarks, if I have understood correctly, made by the last Honourable Member who spoke. He suggested that, whether or not we do get constitutional reform and a new kind of Government in Hong Kong, nevertheless the work of this present Legislative Council should go on. I agree with him in so far as if it be work necessary for running the Colony at the moment, if it be work which it is imperative that this Council should do and cannot be put off, well and good, by all means let us do it; but to pass a measure such as this now, I can only liken to the present Labour Government in office in...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-615-2 Income tax 10-3-1947 - 6-2-1948.txt",
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    {
        "id": 594656,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-618-4 University of Hong Kong- conversion of Tung Wah Eastern Hospital into a teaching hospital 17-2-1949 - 27-9-1949",
        "page_number": 11,
        "title": "CO129-618-4 University of Hong Kong- conversion of Tung Wah Eastern Hospital into a teaching hospital 17-2-1949 - 27-9-1949",
        "content_text": "## MEMBERS\n\n**C. W. M. Cox, Esq., C.M.G.** (Chairman). Educational Adviser to Secretary of State for Colonies.\n\nWalter Adams, Esq. Secretary of the Inter-University Council for Higher Education in the Colonies and Secretary-Designate of the Colonial University Grants Advisory Committee.\n\nE. Burney, Esq., M.C., H.M.I. Member of the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies. Visited Hong Kong in 1934 to advise on education.\n\nH. J. Channon, Esq., C.M.G., D.Sc. Member of the McLean Commission on Higher Education in Malaya; of the Elliot Commission on Higher Education in West Africa and of the Asquith Commission on Higher Education in the Colonies. Formerly Professor of Biochemistry, Liverpool University.\n\n**Sir Herbert Eason, C.B., C.M.G., M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S.** President of the General Medical Council. Formerly Principal of London University.\n\nMrs. L. Forster. For many years resident in Hong Kong; wife of the Professor of Education, Hong Kong University.\n\nProfessor W. J. Hinton, LL.D. Professor of Political Economy Dean, member of Court and Council of Hong Kong University 1913 to 1929. Director of Studies, Institute of Bankers since 1929.\n\nDr. W. H. Kauntze, C.M.G., M.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., D.P.M. Medical Adviser to the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nA. Morse, Esq., C.B.E. General Manager of Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and Treasurer of Hong Kong University.\n\nSir George Moss, K.B.E. Late Consul-General, Hankow.\n\nProfessor L. M. Penson, Ph.D. Chairman of Academic Council and Professor of Modern History, London University. Member of the Asquith Commission; and of the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies.\n\nSir Humphrey Prideaux-Brune, K.B.E., C.M.G. Cultural Relations Department of the Foreign Office. Formerly acting Chinese Counsellor and sometime Charge d'Affaires, His Majesty's Embassy, Chungking, also China Relations Officer, New Delhi.\n\nR. E. Priestley, Esq., M.C., D.Sc. Vice-Chancellor, Birmingham University. Member of the Asquith Commission; of the Irvine Committee on Higher Education in the West Indies and of the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies.\n\nD. J. Sloss, Esq., C.B.E. Vice-Chancellor, Hong Kong University since 1937. Formerly Principal of University College, Rangoon.\n\nN. L. Smith, Esq., C.M.G. Formerly Hong Kong Administrative Service (Colonial Secretary 1936-1941).\n\nJ. A. Venn, Esq., Litt.D., F.S.A. President of Queens' College, Cambridge. Member of the Asquith Commission on Higher Education in the Colonies. Visited Hong Kong 1931.\n\nMiss A. M. Ruston (Secretary). Member of the Eastern Department of the Colonial Office.\n\n**THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES.**\n\nSir,\n\n**COLONIAL OFFICE, DOWNING STREET, S.W.I.**  \nJuly, 1946.\n\nIn response to your invitation to us of the 31st December, 1945, to advise you on the questions of  \n(a) whether or not the University of Hong Kong, as such, should continue to exist and if so the policy which should govern its resuscitation and  \n(b) the steps necessary to restart such of the work hitherto undertaken by the University as is essential for the needs of Hong Kong, whatever the decision arrived at on the broader issue,  \nwe have the honour to present our unanimous report.\n\n**Chairman.** C. W. M. Cox.  \n**Members.** Walter Adams.  \nHerbert Eason.  \nG. H. Forster.  \nW. J. Hinton.  \nW. H. Kauntze.  \n*A. Morse.  \nG. S. Moss.  \nLillian M. Penson.  \nH. Prideaux-Brune.  \nRaymond Priestley. D. J. Sloss, J. A. Venn,  \n**Secretary.** A. M. Ruston.\n\n## TABLE OF CONTENTS\n\n| Page | Content |\n| --- | --- |\n| 4 | PREFACE |\n| 4 | PART I. MAIN RECOMMENDATION |\n| 14 | PART II. ARGUMENT IN SUPPORT OF THE RECOMMENDATION |\n| 22 | PART III. SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED UNIVERSITY |\n| 22 | PART IV. FINANCE |\n| 26 | PART V. IMMEDIATE ACTION |\n| 28 | APPENDICES: (A) LIST OF PAPERS CONSIDERED |\n| 30 | (B) ORAL EVIDENCE TAKEN |\n\nNote: Mr. E. Burney and Dr. H. J. Channon were prevented by the pressure of other duties from continuing their membership of the Committee.\n\n*A. Morse was authorized by cable.  \nPage 3  \nPage 12  \nA 2  \n52226",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-618-4 University of Hong Kong- conversion of Tung Wah Eastern Hospital into a teaching hospital 17-2-1949 - 27-9-1949.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 596097,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-622-7 Department of Commerce and Industry- reorganisation and Annual Report 4-4-1949 - 20-2-1950",
        "page_number": 38,
        "title": "CO129-622-7 Department of Commerce and Industry- reorganisation and Annual Report 4-4-1949 - 20-2-1950",
        "content_text": "(2/48) [16] Wt. 19126/754 50m. 7/48 C.N.Ld. 748\n\n54466\n\n50\n\n12\n\nO.\n\nMr. Morris 15/2 Mr. Sidebotham 16/2 Mr. Gouell Bames 1/2\n\nSuilt Printing\n\nMr.\n\nMr..\n\nDRAFT.\n\nLETTER\n\nYour Reference\n\nPermt. U.S. of S.\n\nParly. U.S. S.\n\nMinister of State\n\nSecretary of State\n\nCONFIDENTIAL\n\nLetter sent. 20/2.\n\nJust\n\nAnsd. (1) on 50.\n\nFor Sir Dd. Poynton's sig\n\nC. F. Cobbold, Esq.,\n\nBank of England,\n\nThreadneedle Street,\n\nE.C.\n\nFURTHER ACTION.\n\nWe have been considering for some time whether, because of the complexity of its trading problems, it would not be a good thing for the Government of Hong Kong to have an adviser, who would probably be called an Economic Secretary, on its staff. The import and export trade of the Colony are very large and, although there are quite a number of important local industries, its economic health is based upon its large entrepot trade. It is a fairly recent development for Colonies to have economic advisers appointed to them and several of the larger Colonies now have such officers under a variety of titles. The advantage, of course, is that they then have a man with considerable theoretical and practical economic experience, who is not too much tied down to departmental duties and can give advice on the broader aspects of economic policy. The difficulty has always been to find men of the right calibre and experience who are willing to...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-622-7 Department of Commerce and Industry- reorganisation and Annual Report 4-4-1949 - 20-2-1950.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 596304,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-623-3 Supplementary Expenditure- general correspondence on the allocation of funds and an annual report for the... 1-3-1950 - 30-9-1950",
        "page_number": 11,
        "title": "CO129-623-3 Supplementary Expenditure- general correspondence on the allocation of funds and an annual report for the... 1-3-1950 - 30-9-1950",
        "content_text": "devolution would be appropriate\n\nas with the present constitutional arrangements it would\n\nnot be devolution\n\nto the people of the Colony but to expatriate officials who at present have the power although, in accordance with\n\nColonial policy generally, they do not act\n\nagainst\n\nunofficial views. I understand however\n\nthat there is\n\na\n\nprecedent (in Fiji) for\n\na Colony lacking\n\nunofficial majority.\n\nThere are other arguments\n\nagainst devolution. The most cogent is that present conditions in the Far East make it unthinkable for obvious reasons. This however is\n\nan\n\nargument which will (we hope) pass and if constitutional reform with unofficial majority goes\n\nahead devolution will probably be the\n\nanswer\n\nThere is also\n\nthe point that\n\nthe State lends\n\na certain\n\namount\n\nof financial support to the Colony and loans (though in\n\nthis last instance without much\n\nsuccess to date); in view of this fact it\n\nseems appropriate that H.M.G. should\n\nretain some measure\n\nof control over\n\nSt.K's financial policy in its broader\n\naspects.\n\n6. I have made\n\nthe above\n\npoints on the telephone to Sir Palmer",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-623-3 Supplementary Expenditure- general correspondence on the allocation of funds and an annual report for the... 1-3-1950 - 30-9-1950.txt",
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