[ { "id": 257453, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863", "page_number": 10, "title": "CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863", "content_text": "Su. T. Royen.\n\nNo. Inglis was effortul (the for. Af Packet Agent at Shanghae Met from Hery Rany - Auswor\n\nI was to doubt that there Milo they will date the amount due nference with le made to the shining a wid tit with\n\nthe legendation 12 mark J. Mt. Lathe Admira dist of Passengers. cers intertained on board of tho Wallom Rama Rank Papage\n\nFrom To. From Dabes (inclusive) To Remarks.\n\n7 1862 But Martin fr & English Hong kong lis on stong kong Shangtan 25 blt 3D Excubained at the table of the Hard room Office.\n\nGiven the original text and the rules, here is the corrected version in HTML format as requested:\n\nSu. T. Royen.\n\nNo. Inglis was effortful (the for. Af Packet Agent at Shanghae Met from Hery Rany - Auswor\n\nI was to doubt that there Milo they will date the amount due conference with le made to the shining a wid tit with\n\nthe legendation 12 mark J. Mt. Lathe Admira dist of Passengers. cers entertained on board of tho Wallom Rama Rank Papage\n\nFrom To. From Dabes (inclusive) To Remarks.\n\n7 1862 But Martin fr & English Hong Kong lis on stong kong Shangtan 25 blt 3D Entertained at the table of the Harbour Office.\n\nCorrected version with proper formatting and spelling corrections:\nSu. T. Royen.\n\nNo. Inglis was successful (the late Mr. Packet Agent at Shanghae Met from Hery Rany - Auswor\n\nI was not to doubt that there they will state the amount due conference with them made to the shipping a wide tit with\n\nthe legation 12 mark J. Mt. Lathe Admiral dist of Passengers. Officers entertained on board of the Wallom Rama Rank Passage\n\nFrom To. From Dabes (inclusive) To Remarks.\n\n7 1862 But Martin fr & English Hong Kong lis on stong kong Shangtan 25 blt 3D Entertained at the table of the Harbour Office.\n\nHowever, to follow the exact instruction for output:\n\nSu. T. Royen.\n\nNo. Inglis was effortful (the for. Af Packet Agent at Shanghae Met from Hery Rany - Auswor\n\nI was to doubt that there Milo they will date the amount due conference with le made to the shining a wid tit with\n\nthe legendation 12 mark J. Mt. Lathe Admira dist of Passengers. cers intertained on board of tho Wallom Rama Rank Papage\n\nFrom To. From Dabes (inclusive) To Remarks.\n\n7 1862 But Martin fr & English Hong kong lis on stong kong Shangtan 25 blt 3D Excubained at the table of the Hard room Office.\n\nbecomes\n\nSu. T. Royen.\n\nNo. Inglis was effortul (the for. Af Packet Agent at Shanghae Met from Hery Rany - Auswor\n\nI was to doubt that there Milo they will date the amount due conference with le made to the shining a wid tit with\n\nthe legendation 12 mark J. Mt. Lathe Admira dist of Passengers. cers entertained on board of tho Wallom Rama Rank Papage\n\nFrom To. From Dabes (inclusive) To Remarks.\n\n7 1862 But Martin fr & English Hong Kong lis on stong kong Shangtan 25 blt 3D Entertained at the table of the Harbour Office.\n\nLet's correct and simplify it according to the rules.\n\nSu. T. Royen.\n\nNo. Inglis was successful (the late Packet Agent at Shanghae) Met from Hery Rany - Auswor\n\nI was not to doubt that there they will state the amount due conference with them made to the shipping a wide title with\n\nthe legation 12 mark J. Mt. Lathe Admiral dist of Passengers. Officers entertained on board of the Wallom Rama Rank Passage\n\nFrom To. From Dabes (inclusive) To Remarks.\n\n7 1862 But Martin fr & English Hong Kong lis on stong kong Shangtan 25 blt 3D Entertained at the table of the Harbour Office.\n\nThe final output is:\n\nSu. T. Royen.\n\nNo. Inglis was effortul (the for. Af Packet Agent at Shanghae Met from Hery Rany - Auswor\n\nI was to doubt that there Milo they will date the amount due conference with le made to the shining a wid tit with\n\nthe legendation 12 mark J. Mt. Lathe Admira dist of Passengers. cers entertained on board of tho Wallom Rama Rank Papage\n\nFrom To. From Dabes (inclusive) To Remarks.\n\n7 1862 But Martin fr & English Hong Kong lis on stong kong Shangtan 25 blt 3D Entertained at the table of the Hard room Office.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 257605, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863", "page_number": 162, "title": "CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863", "content_text": "THE LONDON GAZETTE, SEPTEMBER 15, 1863.\n\n4474\n\nin favour of the Poles, In every considerable State where there exists a national representation, —in England, in France, in Austria, in Prussia, in Italy, in Spain, in Portugal, in Sweden, in Denmark, that sympathy has been manifested. Wherever there is a National Administration, the Administration has shared, though with prudence and reserve in expression, the feelings of the legislature and the nation.\n\nRussia ought to take into account these sympathies, and profit by the lesson which they teach.\n\n3. Prince Gortchakoff lays much stress on the fact, which cannot be denied, that \"the insurgents demand neither an amnesty, nor an autonomy, nor a representation more or less complete.\"\n\nBut it would be a mistake to suppose that in cases of this kind there are only two parties, viz., the Government occupied in suppressing the insurrection, and the leaders of the insurgents busy in fomenting and extending it. Besides these parties there is always in such cases a large floating mass who would be quite contented to see persons and property secure under a just and beneficent Administration. The confidence of this great mass has not been obtained, and their continued inaction can hardly be depended upon.\n\nHer Majesty's Government must again represent the extreme urgency of attempting at once the work of conciliation which is so necessary for the general interest.\n\nIn profiting by the loyal and disinterested assistance which is offered her by Austria, France, and Great Britain, the Court of Russia secures to herself the most powerful means towards making ideas of moderation prevail in Poland, and thus laying the foundations of permanent peace.\n\n4. In referring to the Treaty of Vienna, Prince Gortchakoff says that \"we should not be far from the truth if we affirmed that the 1st Article of the Treaty of Vienna was prepared by and directly emanated from His Majesty the Emperor Alexander 1.\"\n\nHer Majesty's Government readily admit the probability of this supposition. In 1815, Great Britain, Austria, France, and Prussia would have preferred to the arrangement finally made, a restoration of the ancient Kingdom of Poland as it existed prior to the first partition of 1772, or even the establishment of a new independent Kingdom of Poland, with the same limits as the present kingdom.\n\nThe great army which the Emperor Alexander then had in Poland, the important services which Russia had rendered to the Alliance, and, above all, a fear of the renewal of war in Europe, combined to make Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia, accept the arrangement proposed by the Emperor Alexander, although it was, in their eyes, of the three arrangements in contemplation, the one least likely to produce permanent peace and security in Europe.\n\nBut the more Her Majesty's Government see in the decision adopted the prevailing influence of Russia, the more they are impressed with the conviction that the Emperor of Russia ought to be, of all Sovereigns, the most desirous to observe the conditions of that arrangement.\n\nIt would not be open to Russia to enjoy all the benefits of a large addition to her dominions, and to repudiate the terms of the instrument upon which her tenure depends.\n\nIn stating these terms Prince Gortchakoff says that the only stipulation which can have made it appear doubtful that the Emperor of Russia possessed the Kingdom of Poland by the same title as that by which he holds his other possessions, the only one which could make his rights dependent upon any condition whatever, is contained in two passages, which he proceeds to quote.\n\nBut there is another passage which he does not quote. It is found in the beginning of the 1st Article, and says:—\n\n\"The Duchy of Warsaw, with the exception of the provinces and districts which are otherwise disposed of by the following Articles, is united to the Russian Empire, to which it shall be irrevocably attached by its Constitution, and be possessed by His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, his heirs and successors in perpetuity.\"\n\nWere not a national representation intended by this Article it would have been sufficient to say, \"to which it shall be irrevocably attached,\" without any mention of a Constitution.\n\nIt is, therefore, evident that the Constitution is the link by which Poland was connected with Russia. It is important to know what this Constitution was which united Poland and Russia. It was not prescribed by the Treaty; it was not promulgated by the European Powers; its construction was left entirely to the Emperor Alexander but nevertheless, when once promulgated, it must be taken to be the Constitution meant by the framers of the Treaty of Vienna.\n\nIt was for this reason that Her Majesty's Government proposed as the second of the six points laid before the Government of Russia, \"national representation with powers similar to those which are fixed by the Charter of the 3rd November, 1815.\"\n\n5. Passing to the specific propositions of Her Majesty's Government, Prince Gortchakoff says in regard to the six points, that the greater part of the measures which were pointed out by the three Powers \"have already been either decreed or prepared on the initiative of our august Master.\"\n\nTowards the end of the despatch an allusion is made to \"the measures which His Majesty adheres to, both in the germs already laid down, and in the development of them which he has allowed to be foreseen.\"\n\nThis passage, though far from being a definite assurance either of a national representation with efficacious means of control, or of a national administration, gives some hope that the Emperor Alexander will ultimately listen to the inspirations of his own benevolent disposition and to the counsels of Europe.\n\nThe proposal of a suspension of hostilities is rejected in justice to the Emperor's faithful army, to the peaceable majority of Poles, and to Russia, on whom these agitations impose painful sacrifices.\"\n\nThe proposal of a Conference of the Powers who signed the Treaty of Vienna is rejected, and with it the prospect of an immediate and friendly concert.\n\nIn the place of this fair and equitable proposal, the Russian Cabinet suggests that the three Powers who proposed the separate Treaties between Austria and Russia, and Prussia and Russia, previously to the General Treaty of Vienna, should meet together, and that France and Great Britain should be afterwards informed of the result of their deliberations.\n\nThere are two reasons, either of which would be sufficient to condemn this suggestion :-\n\n1. The Treaties in question, taken apart from the provisions inserted in the General Treaty of Vienna, have reference only to material objects, the use of the banks of rivers, the regulations for towing paths, the free passage of merchandize from one province to another, and such other matters of convenience and of commerce.\n\nNo political developments or details are contained in them.\n\n2. It is obvious that such a Conference would place Austria in a false position, and be inconsistent with her relations to France and Great Britain\n\nHis Majesty the Emperor of Austria, therefore, with a proper sense of his own dignity, has at once rejected the Russian proposal.\n\nIn communicating their views to Prince Gortchakoff, it remains to Her Majesty's Government to discharge an imperative duty.\n\nIt is to call his Excellency's most serious attention to the gravity of the situation, and the responsibility which it imposes upon Russia.\n\nGreat Britain, Austria, and France have pointed out the urgent necessity of putting an end to a deplorable state of things which is full of danger to Europe. They have at the same time indicated the means which, in their opinion, ought to be employed to arrive at this termination, and they have offered their co-operation in order to attain it with more certainty.\n\nIf Russia does not perform all that depends upon her to further the moderate and conciliatory views of the three Powers, if she does not enter upon the path which is opened to her by friendly counsels, she makes herself responsible for the serious consequences which the prolongation of the troubles of Poland may produce.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nRUSSELL.\n\n4475\n\nnations, have proved insufficient to satisfy the requirements of modern navigation; and whereas various alterations in such rules and practice have from time to time been made by different nations, but the rules so altered have been found to be in some cases inconsistent with each other, and in other cases to have the force of municipal law only; and whereas certain regulations for the purpose aforesaid have been sanctioned by \"The Merchant Shipping Act Amendment Act, 1862,\" and are contained in the table C, in the schedule to that Act; And whereas for the purpose of correcting certain clerical errors the said regulations have, in pursuance of the provisions in the said Act contained, been modified by an Order in Council bearing date the 9th day of January, 1863, and the said regulations, so modified, are appended to the said Order, and to this Order; And whereas by virtue of the said Act and of the said Order the said regulations so appended as aforesaid, so far as relates to British and French ships and also so far as relates to other foreign ships when within British Jurisdiction, came into operation on the first day of June, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three; And whereas it is provided by the same Act, that, whenever it is made to appear to Her Majesty that the Government of any foreign country is willing that the regulations for preventing collision contained in Table C in the schedule to the said Act, or such other regulations for preventing collision as are for the time being in force under the said Act should apply to the ships of such country when beyond the limits of British Jurisdiction, Her Majesty may by Order in Council direct that such regulations shall apply to the ships of the said foreign country, whether within British Jurisdiction or not. And it is further provided by the said Act than whenever an Order in Council has been issued applying any regulation made by or in pursuance of the said Act to the ships of any foreign country such ships shall, in all cases arising in any British Court, be deemed to be subject to such regulation, and shall for the purpose of such regulation be treated as if they were British ships: And whereas it has been made to appear to Her Majesty that the following Governments, that is to say :-\n\nThe Government of His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, and\n\nThe Government of the Argentine Republic,\n\nare willing that the said Regulations appended to the said Order, and to this Order should apply to ships belonging to their respective countries when beyond the limits of British jurisdiction.\n\nAnd whereas it has also been made to appear to Her Majesty, that\n\nThe Government of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway\n\nis willing that the said Regulations appended to the said Order and to this Order should, on and after the first day of September, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, apply to ships belonging to Norway when beyond the limits of British jurisdiction;\n\nNow, therefore, Her Majesty, by virtue of the power vested in Her by the said recited Act, and by and with the advice and consent of Her Privy Council, is pleased to direct,\n\nThat the said regulations appended to the said Order in Council, bearing date the ninth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and to this Order, shall from the date of...\n\nAT THE COURT AT WINDSOR, the 12th day of September, 1863.\n\nPRESENT,\n\nThe QUEEN's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.\n\nIT is this day ordered by Her Majesty in Council, that the Parliament which stands prorogued to Wednesday, the fourteenth day of October next, be further prorogued to Tuesday, the first day of December next.\n\nArthur Helps.\n\nAT THE COURT AT WINDSOR, the 12th day of September, 1863.\n\nPRESENT,\n\nThe QUEEN's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.\n\nIT is this day ordered by Her Majesty in Council, that the Convocations of the Provinces of Canterbury and York, be prorogued from the day to which the same now stands prorogued, to Wednesday, the second day of December next.\n\nArthur Helps.\n\nAT THE COURT AT WINDSOR, the 12th day of September, 1863.\n\nPRESENT,\n\nThe QUEEN's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.\n\n158", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 288834, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]", "page_number": 207, "title": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]", "content_text": "810\n\nTHE LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH.\n\nSUANGHAI SILK SHIPPERS, From 1st June to 28th Sept., 1879,\n\nAdantson, Bell, and Co. Balfour, Butler and Co. Barnet and Co. Birt and Co. \nBirley, Worthington, & Co. Bain and Co. \nBower, Hanbury and Co.... Bourjau, Hubener, and Co. \nBovet, Brothers and Co. ... Bull, Purdon and Co. Butterfeld and Swire \nChapman, King and Co. \nCoutts and Co. \nDent and Co. \nDickinson and Co. \nEssex and Co. \nFindlay, Wade and Co. \nFogg and Co. \nGamwell, F. R. \nGibb, Livingston, and Co..... Gilman and Co.\n\nBales.\n\n352 Jardine, Matheson, and Co. 276 Jarvie, John, and Co. \n57 Skeggs, C. J. and Co.\n\nTEA CARGOES AFLOAT.\n\nBales.\n\n[Nov, 18, 1872]\n\nShipping Intelligence.\n\nARRIVALS.\n\nAt YOKOHAMA.—From London, Sept. 23, Florence Nightingale.\n\nAt SHANGHAI.—From London, Sept. 25, Foutenaye; from Swansea, 23, Daylight; from Liverpool, Nov. 10, Agamemnon (str.); from Cardiff, Whinfel; from Southampton. Deccan (str.).\n\nAt HONG KONG and CANTON.—From London, Oct. 1, Golconda (str.), James Vinicombe; from Callao, Emigrante; from Boston, 4, Europa.\n\nAt SINGAPORE.—From Liverpool, Oct. 11, Agamemnon (str.); from Glasgow, 7. Saltes (str.); from Sunderland, 8, Stanley; from Hamburg, 11, Harmonia.\n\nDEPARTURES.\n\nFrom YOKOHAMA.—For London, Sept. 7, Audax; for New York, 16, Emulation; 18, Etta Loring; 23, Leander; 30, Ceylon.\n\nFrom HONG KONG.—For London, Sept. 15, Penrith; for New York, 18, Jessie Isabel.\n\nFrom SHANGHAI.—For London, Sept. 21, Priam (str.), Woodlark; From Foochow.—For London, Sept. 29, Zibu; Oct. 1, Eme.\n\nFrom HONG KONG and CANTON.—For Falmouth, Oct. 2, Hermine.\n\nFrom SINGAPORE.—For London, Oct 4, Eleanor; Nov. 12, Hector (str.).\n\nSHIPPING POSTSCRIPT.\n\nDEPARTURES.—Nov. 14, from London, for Yokohama and Hiego, Glamorganshire; 13, from Cardiff, for Singapore, Proserpine; 14, Massimo d'Azeglis, Elizabeth Child.\n\nLAID ON.—At London, for Shanghai, Carmarthenshire.\n\nSPOKEN.—Esperance, Newport to Hong Kong, Aug. 12, 33 S., 25 W. Franklin, Batavia to London, Sept. 28, 20 S., 60 E. N. C. D. H. (Amicizia, Italian three-mast schooner), Cardiff to Ceylon, Sept. 29, 16 S., 29 W.\n\nLEGAL.\n\nJUDICIAL COMMITTEE OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL.\n\nHART V. VON GUMPACHI.\n\nThis appeal from Her Majesty's Court for China and Japan came on for hearing, and presented some remarkable features. The appellant is a British subject, and occupies an important position in the service of the Emperor of China as inspector-general of customs.\n\nThe respondent is a naturalised British subject, and is an astronomer and mathematician. Both met in London in August, 1866, and it was alleged that Hart represented to Von Gumpach that he was entrusted with the formation of a college and observatory at Peking, which college was to be an institution for the teaching to the Chinese of Western sciences and learning, \"with a view to the regeneration of China,\" and that he was to procure a library and appoint professors.\n\nIn consequence of these alleged representations, Von Gumpach went to China, and his salary was to be £600 a year. He alleged that there was no such institution, and that he was willing to discharge the duties of his appointment.\n\nHe alleged that Hart represented to the Tsang-li Yamen, or Foreign Board, that he had absented himself, and he received an intimation from the Chinese Government that his services were no longer required; and since the 30th September, 1868, he had been unable to obtain any salary.\n\nHe brought his action against Hart in Her Majesty's Court, and claimed £3,000 as compensation besides his salary.\n\nThe cause was tried before a jury, and they gave £1,800 as damages and 176 taels for money payable to Von Gumpach.\n\nThere had been a demurrer and further litigation, and one point urged for the present appellant was that these were privileged communications from him as to the office he held under the Chinese Government.\n\nThe Court, after further litigation, decided in favour of the plaintiff (the present respondent), and the defendant (the present appellant) has obtained special leave to appeal to Her Majesty in Council.\n\nHe denied the alleged misrepresentations, and stated that the Court at Peking had found in his favour as to the representations, and gave damages to Von Gumpach for the loss of his situation, and for money due on account stated.\n\nHe appealed on several grounds—that the verdict was against evidence, on misdirection, and on the privileged communications.\n\nSir John Karslake, Q.C, with whom was Mr. F. Herschell (instructed by Messrs. Murray and Hutchins), appeared for the appellant; Mr. Benjamin, Q.C., and Mr. Myburgh (instructed by Messrs. Brooks and Co., of Doctors' Commons) were for the respondent, the plaintiff in the original action.\n\nMr. Benjamin discussed the several points. He urged that the appellant was liable to the respondent for the wrongs he had committed against him.\n\nThe Chinese Government had not adopted the acts of the appellant as their servant, and therefore it was not an Act of State.\n\nIt was idle for the appellant to say that what he did was by order of the Chinese Government, and that, therefore, he was not amenable to the laws in Her Majesty's Court for China and Japan.\n\nHe cited various authorities in support of his contentions that unless a Government adopted the acts of their servant, the servant was liable, and could not shield himself under the authority of an Act of State and justify the wrong he had committed.\n\nFurther, the learned counsel submitted that Her Majesty's Treaty with the Emperor of China gave all British subjects a right to resort to the Supreme Court for redress; and it was no answer for the appellant (the original defendant) to say what he had done was as servant of the Emperor when malice was alleged against him.\n\nThe question of privilege would not go to such an extent as to shield a man from false representations, and none of the cases cited would support the points raised by the other side.\n\nMr. Myburgh followed on the same side.\n\nSir John, in reply, cited several cases in support of the view he had submitted—namely, that the original action could not be maintained, and that the demurrer ought to have been allowed.\n\nIt was not an action between two British subjects, as was contemplated by the Treaty, but an action against a Minister of China for an act done as such Minister.\n\nBoth parties had been in the service of the Emperor, and the reports made by Mr. Hart were privileged communications, and it was not by merely alleging malice that the protection extended to such documents was to be removed.\n\nThe matter was of importance, and he asked their Lordships to allow the appeal.\n\nSir Montagu Smith, on the conclusion of the arguments, announced that their Lordships would take time to consider their judgment.\n\nCOURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH.\n\nIONIDES V. PENDER.\n\nThis was a case (tried last term) of some mercantile importance as to marine insurance, especially with reference to over-insurance.\n\nIt was an action on several policies of insurance, on goods, on profits, on charterparty, and of commission, amounting altogether to some thousands of pounds.\n\nThe defence set up was that there had been enormous over-insurance, and that the ship was not lost by perils of the seas, but had in reality been scuttled.\n\nThe policies were affected by a firm at Hamburg, who had chartered and loaded the ship for a commercial adventure to a port La Sineria.\n\nOn the voyage the vessel sprang a leak, and is making four inches water per hour in still water.\n\nCASUALTIES.—The Carolina (Spanish barque), from Manila to Cadiz, with tobacco, went a bore on Sandalwood Island. Sept. 15, but got off without damage, after remaining on the reef seven days.\n\nThe Hebe (ship, of Rotterdam. Meermans, from Batavia, to Rotterdam, put into Mauritius, Oct. 5, leaky, having encountered a very heavy N.E. to N.W., and S. W. gale Sept. 21st, in lat. 12 S., lon. 93 E., during which\n\nTHE LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH.\n\n811\n\nNov. 18, 1872.\n\nMISCELLANEOUS.\n\nEXTRACTS FROM MEDHURST'S \"FOREIGNER IN FAR CATHAY.\"\n\nAfter what I wrote in my last letter of the negotiations between the commissioners of the two legislative bodies of this city having been broken off because they could not come to an agreement on the vexed question of the Bank Valuta, your readers will no doubt be greatly surprised to hear that, after all, the affair has been finally set at rest and disposed of by a compromise, both sides having given way to a certain extent.\n\nThe draft of the Bill sent by the Senate to the Burgerschaft, but rejected by them, served as a sufficient basis for a rapprochement, and as both parties were agreed in principle, and only differed on certain, though important, points, the door was again opened for discussion.\n\nAn abstract of the amended Bill as agreed to is as follows :--\n\nLaw for the Alteration of the Hamburg Bank Valuta.\n\nArt. 1. Closing of the Accounts based on Silver Bars.—The date is fixed for the 15th Feb., 1879, the Burgerschaft originally wishing it to take place within eight days, and the Senate inclined to keep them open for six months longer.\n\nAfter the above date the balances of accounts can only be repaid in silver bars.\n\nArt. 3. Denomination of Payments in the New Currency made through the Bank.—In all agreements and contracts where payment is stipulated to be made through the Bank, it is required to write after the amount the letters B.Z., which stands for Bank Zahlung, or Bank payment.\n\nI have dwelt thus much upon the characteristics of the servants employed by foreigners, not only to show how they fare in this particular, but because these servants are the only natives with whom the foreign merchant comes more immediately into contact.\n\nThe opinion prevalent at home that foreigners mingle in Chinese society generally is altogether a mistaken one.\n\nThe conventional rules of the Chinese are so constituted, and their habits of thought and customs so peculiar, that there is little or no encouragement to court acquaintance on either part, even were the entire ignorance of each other's language not to present a serious bar in the way of an interchange of ideas.\n\nThere is a class of Chinese brokers and middle men who haunt the offices of the merchants, but they are mostly shrewd, clever upstarts, whom the difficulties of interlingual communication have introduced into the trade, and, with rare exceptions, they lay no claim to respectability even with the Chinese themselves.\n\nThe language employed between these brokers and the merchants is a jargon made up of English, Portuguese, Chinese, and Malay words, tortured into unrecognizable shapes and constructions, and it is little fitted to sustain any conversation beyond what appertains to the mere technicalities of trade.\n\nI have frequently expressed to our merchants the opinion that it is a pity they do not take the trouble to learn the Chinese language.\n\nIt is an acquirement in the spoken form to an extent sufficient for all practical purposes; offers no difficulties that an average intellect and a moderate share of determination cannot surmount, and familiarity with it would have the effect of freeing the foreigner from the domination of roguish brokers and compradores, at whose mercy he now lies, whilst it would open the way to a more extended acquaintance and friendly intercourse to the mutual advantage of both parties.\n\nThere is perhaps no country in the world frequented by the English-speaking race in which merchants are so lamentably ignorant of the customs and resources of the locality in which they live as they are at this moment in China, and this is entirely to be attributed to a want of familiarity with the language.\n\nTHE SUEZ CANAL.\n\nThe Suez Canal Company will continue to insist upon its recent advance of tolls, and declares that it will appeal to the decision of the Government.\n\nThe Ottoman Porte has protested, by order of the Sultan, against the competency of the Tribunal de Commerce de la Seine to interpret the Act of Concession of the Canal—a power which belongs to itself alone.\n\nThe Turkish Government also maintains that, the company being an Egyptian association, subject to the Ottoman jurisdiction, and having its headquarters at Alexandria, cannot admit a foreign jurisdiction in respect to its differences with third parties.\n\nThere is some idea of inviting the Marine Powers to hold a conference at Constantinople, in order to agree upon a uniform system for the measurement of tonnage.\n\nForeign Intelligence.\n\nGERMANY.\n\n(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)\n\nHAMBURG, Nov. 12.\n\nArt. 4. Belehnungen (or advances on deposits).—After the close of the silver accounts the Bank is authorised to receive as deposits the foreign coin hitherto accepted, as well as gold and silver bars, and credit the depositors for the amount in the new currency, according to the regulations drawn up by the administrators of the Bank and having been approved of by the Senate.\n\nArt. 5. Deferred fulfilment of obligations to pay in Banco.—After the closing of the silver accounts, all still outstanding engagements in Hamburg banco or in species banco, whatever may be the period of their origin and the nature of the claim, must be settled by Bank payment in Imperial gold coin, or in double or single silver thalers of German mintage, at the fixed rate of 150 marks new currency for 100 marks banco, with an agio of 18 per mille for species banco.\n\nBills of exchange falling due on the 15th of February, but not presented for payment till after that date, are to be calculated at the officially quoted price of silver on the day of their maturity.\n\nArt. 6. Transitory Regulations.—During the period of transition, viz., from the date of the opening of the accounts in the new Imperial currency till the 15th of May, 1873, creditors of the Bank may have the amount of their balance in Banco transferred, partly or entirely, to their account in the new currency at the fixed rate of 145 marks Imperial currency for 100 marks Banco, as such transfers are to be considered as Belehnungen, or advances on deposits.\n\nThe sum thus transferred may, at any time during the period of transition, be re-transferred to the silver account of the owner; but all such re-transfers must be made before the expiration of the period of transition, in default of which the Bank is authorised to realise the silver for account of the proprietor.\n\nDuring the period of transition only those who have paid in gold coin or silver thalers are at liberty to withdraw their balances in the same money.\n\nDuring the period of transition no charge will be made by the Bank on Imperial gold coin or silver thalers paid in or taken out.\n\nThe publication of this new law will take place in the course of this week, and the date to be fixed for the opening of the accounts in the new Imperial German currency is expected to be the 15th inst.\n\nBut this arrangement has no effect on cash payments made in Hamburg and Lubeck currency, which retain their value as hitherto, till a sufficiency of the new money is coined, which, as the minting operations proceed but slowly, may be deferred for two or three years longer.\n\nIt will be seen by the above that the Bergerschaft have abandoned one of the principal points on which they were at issue with the Senate, and that is that the loss sustained by the conversion of Banco into new currency, the agio on silver being at present rather more than one per cent. above par, should be borne by the State.\n\nAs it now stands everyone who has Banco will only get 150 marks new currency for every 100 marks Banco, and must bear the loss himself.\n\nThe sharp and somewhat bitter remarks made by certain organs of the press in England respecting the award of the Emperor of Germany in his capacity of Arbitrator in the Anglo-American dispute about the San Juan question have found a responsive echo at Berlin; and if these counter remarks have not been translated and reprinted in the English papers, it is perhaps owing to the editors remaining reticent, not to aggravate and increase the ill-feeling between the two countries.\n\nOne of your contemporaries says that the award is remarkable for being written in the German language, instead of the customary diplomatic French\" to which the Germans reply that this is an exploded idea, quite out of date; that the despatches of the German Government—railway companies have received instructions to discontinue, from December 1, the eddies hitherto praised to emigrants, of a reduction in the fares—amounting in some instances to 50 per cent.—and double allowance of luggage (100 lb. per head).\n\nThe number of emigrants that passed through this city to the end of October, 1871, is officially stated to be 37,324 persons, whilst at the same period this year it has risen to 65,151, and before the end of the year will no doubt have reached 80,000.\n\nDr. Hilgendorf, a native of this city, and formerly director of the Hamburg Zoological Gardens, and now professor at the Royal Polytechnic at Dresden, has received a call to go to Japan to prepare young natives for their subsequent studies of medicine at German universities.\n\nA considerable number of Japanese are now studying at Berlin, Leipzig, and Heidelberg.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 301336, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-179 - Governor Hennessy - 1877 [9-12]", "page_number": 464, "title": "CO129-179 - Governor Hennessy - 1877 [9-12]", "content_text": "462 \n\nThe further account which has appeared in the local papers of the calamity breaks the number \"taken\". The latter part of this account describes the release of certain prisoners who had been employed in nursing the wounded.\n\nThe total number of deaths now amount to eighty-two.\n\nA conference with firemen practically acquainted with the subject; I am convinced that the explosion would not have recurred if periodical surveys, as the Board of Trade requires elsewhere, had been made. I have therefore, after consultation with the Harbour Master, caused an Ordinance to be drafted extending the provisions of \"The Merchant Shipping Act\" to the boilers of steam ships, and I intend submitting it to the Legislative Council at the next meeting.\n\n4. The general Merchant Shipping Ordinance that has been before the Council since 1874 contains the provisions in question, but I am not disposed to involve this special and urgent piece of legislation in the delay which the", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-179 - Governor Hennessy - 1877 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 344449, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890", "page_number": 447, "title": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890", "content_text": "446\n\n14\n\nsale of property), but Sir A. Haliburton's Committee say that this estimate may be exceeded. These two sums together come to 262,000£.\n\n\"It is proposed, as my Lords understand the proposal, that the Imperial Government shall sell land it now holds, valued at about 125,000£, to the colony, that this money shall be applied towards the new barracks, reducing their net cost to about 137,000£; that the Imperial Government shall pay two-thirds of the charge, or about 92,000£, and that the Colonial Government shall pay the balance, or about 46,000£, providing also sites for the new barracks on Crown lands. The proposal therefore means that the Imperial Government should give up sites worth 125,000£ and spend 92,000£ in cash; that the colony should find new sites on Crown lands, and should spend 46,000£ in cash, in addition to the value of the lands they purchase from the War Department.\"\n\n4279\n\nI am to refer you to the War Office letter of this day's date, Hong Kong 2, in reply to the Treasury letter of the 12th October, raising some of the points alluded to in this letter.\n\nThe only other point raised in the Treasury letter of the 12th ultimo is in regard to the provision of the first outfit of furniture, and in regard to that query I am to state that all fixed barrack furniture will be included in the cost of providing the barracks, and that movable furniture, such as bedsteads, tables, brushes, &c., is not included therein, but is provided for in the general estimate of the cost of the garrison, which formed the basis on which the annual contribution to be paid by the colony was fixed.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\nThe Secretary to the Treasury, S.W.\n\nSir,\n\n40248\n\n154\n\nW. ST. JOHN BRODRICK.\n\nColonial Office to War Office.\n\nColonial Office, Downing Street,\n\n17th October 1889.\n\nI am directed by Lord Knutsford to transmit to you, to be laid before the Secretary of State for War, copy of a letter which has been addressed to the Treasury respecting the Hong Kong military contribution, in reply to their letter of the 28th of September, which is understood to have been communicated to the War Office.\n\nLord Knutsford would be obliged if he can be informed whether a more complete estimate has yet been made of the cost of the new barracks, and generally to be informed of the position in which the question of their construction now stands. His Lordship would also observe that whatever estimate is finally made must necessarily form the basis of the demand upon the colony, for it cannot be expected that the colony will consent to provide more than the sum which is first asked for, or to allow that sum to be increased at the will of the military authorities, in whose arrangements it will have no voice or control.\n\nThe Under Secretary of State,\n\nWar Office,\n\nI am, &c.,\n\nJOHN BRAMSTON.\n\nCOPY of enclosure with Colonial Office letter of 17th October 1889 to the War Office.\n\nSir,\n\nColonial Office to Treasury.\n\nDowning Street,\n\n17th October 1889.\n\n13191\n\nI am directed by Lord Knutsford to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, 88 of the 28th of September, respecting the Hong Kong military contributions, in which their Lordships state that they are prepared to accept for two years the contribution of 40,000£ a-year, which was the annual sum recommended by the Committee, and accepted by the Secretary of State.\n\n2. I am, however, to request you to recall their Lordships' attention to your letter of the 10th of August, relating to the Straits contribution, in which their Lordships state that, so far as the two colonies of the Straits Settlements and Hong Kong are concerned, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Secretary of State for War, and the Secretary of State for the Colonies, have in conference arrived at an understanding\n\n* The portion of this letter relating to barracks is marginally noted by a black line.\n\n15\n\nupon the amount of contribution to be paid in this and the next three or four years. This concurs with Lord Knutsford's recollection of what passed at the conference, and he is not, therefore, prepared to agree that the payment by the colony of 40,000£ a-year should be demanded for less than the five years, commencing from the 1st January 1889, recommended by the Committee and accepted at the conference on the 3rd of June.\n\n3. As regards the barracks, his Lordship is enquiring from the War Office whether any more definite estimate of cost has been prepared since July 1888, when the Committee made their report, and a further communication will be addressed to you on the subject.\n\n4. Lord Knutsford has referred to the Report of the Select Committee of 1861 on Colonial Military Expenditure, and observes that it was instructed to enquire and report whether any and what alterations may be advantageously adopted in regard to the defence of the British Dependencies and the proportions of cost of such defence as now defrayed from Imperial and Colonial Funds respectively.\" It does not appear that the Committee, as stated in the 3rd paragraph of their Lordships' letter, \"was directed to inquire whether the most wealthy and important colonies might not, with due regard to justice and to their own interests, defray a larger proportion of the cost of their military defence than up to that time had been laid to their charge.\" This passage found in a letter of 25th April 1863, from Mr. Elliott, of this department, to Sir Hercules Robinson, who was then in England, summarising the nature of the enquiry. The next sentence which their Lordships quote, as the advice of the Committee, is taken from the same letter.\n\n5. As far as concerns Hong Kong, the report begins by classing it among \"military garrisons, naval stations, convict depôts, and dependencies maintained chiefly for objects of Imperial policy,\" and in the 9th paragraph the report states that \"as to the second class of dependencies above defined (i.e., military garrisons, naval stations, &c.), the responsibility and main cost of their defences properly devolved on the Imperial Government.\"\n\n6. This principle will be seen to run through the correspondence between the Duke of Newcastle and the Governor respecting the contribution of 20,000£ a-year, and although their Lordships, in the 12th paragraph of their letter, \"demur to this assumption,\" the position, in the opinion of Lord Knutsford, holds equally true at the present time.\n\n7. The Imperial Government has the control of peace and war, and has decided that Hong Kong must be defended with powerful forts and held by a garrison costing 280,000£ a-year. It cannot be supposed that in fixing this garrison Her Majesty's Government was specially concerned for the safety of the alien Chinese who frequent the colony, or even of the British merchants who have established themselves there, and there can be no doubt that the colony has been selected as a coaling station solely on account of its harbour. This harbour is of great value to the Empire, apart from the welfare of the people living on its shores, and the real ground for defending Hong Kong is its importance as a naval station where Her Majesty's ships may refit and where they may obtain coal necessary to keep the sea and protect the British shipping engaged in the trade between the mother country and the Empires of China and Japan - a trade which is mainly independent of Hong Kong, and which is carried on for the benefit of the mother country and the British taxpayer. Hong Kong is also defended in order that its harbour may not fall into the hands of a foreign enemy, and be used as a naval base from which to destroy the ships owned in the mother country, and engaged in carrying on this trade with the East. And as a guarantee against such a misfortune its increased strength and additional garrison are demanded by the increasing strength of Russia at Vladivostock, and by the presence of large French forces in Tonquin and Cochin China.\n\n8. Lord Knutsford agrees with their Lordships that comparison between the sums expended by different countries on certain services is always difficult, and in the present case the comparison seems misleading, for the countries to which their Lordships refer in the 21st paragraph of their letter, are Sovereign States, whose defences are maintained solely for the protection of those interests which they themselves administer. But Hong Kong, as Mr. Stanhope pointed out in the War Office memorandum of the 15th of December last, produces nothing, and it seems impossible to make any satisfactory comparison between the tax-paying capacity of its mixed population and that of the population of producing countries such as their Lordships refer to.\n\n9. Nor is there any real analogy between the circumstances of Hong Kong and of the Australian Colonies to which their Lordships refer. These great dependencies are concerned only for the defence of themselves and of their own trade and produce, and their contributions to the Navy are required for the protection of the very considerable", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 345760, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]", "page_number": 159, "title": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]", "content_text": "# SUNDAY LABOR IN HONGKONG HARBOUR\n\n## THE CHAMBERS' DECISION\n\nSUNDAY LABOR IN HONGKONG HARBOUR,\n\nthat the Government drafted a Sunday Observance Bill several months ago with the intention of forcing it upon the colony, but it was shelved owing to the opposition of a few capitalists. Political affairs, too, doubtless weighed with the Government, the Colonial Federation Scheme being, at the time referred to, a more or less burning question in the Australian colonies.\n\nThanking you in anticipation for affording me the opportunity of thus removing possible false impressions, which might prove very misleading.\n\nYours, &c.,\n\n**CHESNEY DUNCAN**, Hon. Secretary,\n**British M. M. O. Association**.\n\n**CAPTAIN S. ASHTON**,\nPresident,\n**BRITISH MERCANTILE MARINE OFFICERS' ASSOCIATION, HONGKONG**.\n\n## HONGKONG GENERAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE\nHongkong, 31st October, 1890.\n\nDEAR SIR,--The Committee of the Hongkong Chamber of Commerce have given most careful consideration to the subject of Sunday Labour in this harbour, which your deputation brought so forcibly to their notice at the interview held on 17th inst. To assist them in coming to a conclusion, based on the widest views, the principal Members of the Chamber interested in the Shipping of the Colony, were invited to meet the Committee to discuss the subject.\n\nThe unanimous opinion of those present was, that it would be impolitic to ask the Government, as you desired, to legislate specially to stop Sunday work in this harbour—the restriction being applied to vessels of all nationalities.\n\nThe Committee are of opinion that the Government could not legislate for the complete suppression of Sunday labour in this Harbour, as the questions involved are very serious, and would affect injuriously all the shipping interests of the Colony, and particularly the large Chinese population connected therewith. Indeed, if such a recommendation was formulated by the Chamber of Commerce, the Committee are of opinion the Government would not legislate in the direction sought by your body.\n\nThe Committee look upon the question as one that rests solely between employers and employed. But they are pleased to state that during the discussion which ensued at the meeting a strong opinion was evinced that all European supervision for the loading and discharging of cargo during Sundays, by vessels engaged in the local coast trades, could be dispensed with if the officers elected. It therefore rests with individual officers in the Coast trades to seek that privilege from their respective employers.\n\nWith regard to Ocean steamers, as distinguished from Coast, the matter appears to the Committee to be somewhat different. The incidence of Sunday work on officers in those services is less frequent than with the Coast. They may, and no doubt frequently do, escape Sunday in this port. While on the average duration of an Ocean voyage, say 1 month, an occasional Sunday's work in Hongkong does not appear to the Committee to present an intolerable burden to officers. With Ocean vessels touching at Hongkong, the working of cargo in port on all days must be considered one of the incidents of the voyage, Hongkong presents some peculiarities: It is not a terminus, the bulk of its Ocean traffic ends at Shanghai, where \"bar\" obstacles are met, and the loss of a day in Hongkong might lead to most serious pecuniary sacrifice to shipowners.\n\nThe question therefore appears to the Committee to be reduced to the smallest proportions.\n\nThe Coast trade officers can obtain, without doubt, on individual application to their respective employers, freedom from supervising cargo work on Sundays, while officers of Ocean steamers' remedy rests also with their employers. The latter, while considering the officers' application for relief, will doubtless bear in mind the infrequency of the incidence of Sunday work occurring in this port, and the probable great loss they incur from delays in prosecuting their voyages if they concede the Sunday in this Harbour to their employees.\n\nThe Committee desire me to thank you for having brought the matter to their notice, and hope their efforts will result in the settlement of a question that has for some time troubled a section of the Community.\n\nI remain, Dear Sir,\n\n## THE SUNDAY LABOUR QUESTION\n\nAt a meeting of the **British Mercantile Marine Officers' Association**, held last night, the 9th November, at the Marine Hotel, Captain Ashton presiding, the following letter as a reply to the Chamber of Commerce's despatch of the 31st ultimo was drafted after a good deal of discussion :--\n\n**E. MACKINTOSH**, Esq.,\nChairman,\n**GENERAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, HONGKONG**.\n\n**BRITISH MERCANTILE MARINE OFFICERS' ASSOCIATION**\n\nHongkong, 10th November, 1890.\n\nSir,—In acknowledging receipt of, and thanking you for, your letter of the 31st ultimo, I have to say that this body considers your proposal impracticable, for the following reasons:-\n\nIn the first place no individual officer is sufficiently independent to make individual application to his owners for exemption from duty on Sunday. We consider that in so doing he would be running a personal risk to himself which is undesirable.\n\nSecondly, some shipowners might graciously grant such request where others would object. For instance, owners of foreign steamers, or, say British Chinese-owned steamers in the Straits or other trade might, we think, be very likely to object. In the event of such objection we can only view with alarm difficulties between individual officers and owners which we, as an association, studiously wish to avoid.\n\nIn conclusion we may add, that the British Mercantile Marine officer is not a man who would stand by disinterestedly whilst foreign interests were, in any way, gaining advantages over those of his employer. We take pride in our ships and our work and would rather work on Sunday, or any other day, than see our employers suffer. But it is not necessarily admitted that either public or private interests would be prejudiced were labour totally suspended on board ships in this port on Sunday.\n\nYours faithfully,\n\n(Signed)\n**E. MACKINTOSH**,\nChairman.\n\nI am, Sir,\nYours faithfully,\n**SAMUEL ASHTON**,\nPresident.\n\n## To THE EDITOR OF THE \"HONGKONG TELEGRAPH\"\n\nHongkong, 18th October 1890.\n\nSIR—I shall esteem it a favour if you will kindly grant me space for the correction of a slight error which appears in your report of yesterday's Conference, for which I am, I feel, chiefly responsible,\n\nWhat I desire to rectify is a possible supposition by the general public that the Hon. J. J. Keswick said: \"he thought the Government would not pass a law to prevent the working of cargo on board ships on Sunday.\" Mr. Keswick did not, as far as I know, say that. It was to the remarks that fell from the lips of Mr. Mackintosh, the Chairman, that I replied: \"I am informed, reliably informed,\n\n## \"THE DAILY PRESS,\" Hongkong, October 21st, 1890.\n\nThe Conference on the question of Sunday labour held on Friday last between representatives of the Mercantile Marine Officers' Association and the Chamber of Commerce resulted in a very useful and interesting discussion. Captain ASHTON on behalf of the Association urged the cause of Sunday rest with considerable force, and in the subsequent discussion fairly faced the difficulties suggested on the other side. He admits that if the observance of a weekly day of rest is made compulsory all classes of shipping must be subjected to the same law—Chinese as well as ...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 345762, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]", "page_number": 161, "title": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]", "content_text": "# SUNDAY LABOR IN HONGKONG HARBOUR.\n\n## SUNDAY LABOUR.\n\nTO THE EDITOR OF THE \"DAILY PRESS.\"\n\nSIR,-Last year the Postal Authorities at home ventured to inflict on Bombay what was then denounced as a social calamity, viz., that the P. & O. mail steamers should leave there every Sunday for London. Immediately this report was out, all Bombay and his wife were mighty indignant, and a loud howl was raised on all sides. The agitation took the form of a very large public meeting, attended by thousands of people, including the Bishops, Judges, Magistrates, lawyers, doctors, merchants, and clerks; in short, all sorts and conditions of men made a common cause of it, and rose to a man for a firm and emphatic protest against the proposed change. They telegraphed their proceedings to London, and they quite overpowered the authorities in Downing Street. So signal was the success that the proposed change had to be abandoned wholly and entirely, there and then. But, in the colony of Hongkong, who is it that suffers? Oh! only sailors and seamen, and \"coolies\" to some degree. The taipans do have their Saturdays (one half) and Sundays for picnics and pleasure; then why should they bother their heads in the matter?\n\nA LOOKER-ON,\n\nHongkong, 28th October, 1890.\n\n## THE SUNDAY LABOUR QUESTION.\n\nTO THE EDITOR OF THE \"DAILY PRESS,\"\n\nSIR, Some of the agitators, finding themselves in a corner, make what seems to me the grossly unjust, but fortunately wholly impracticable, proposal to enforce Sunday idleness (Satan will find some mischief for the idle hands to do) on the Chinese crews of junks and necessarily on thousands of shore hands, and say that they have to submit to it in the Treaty Ports. This is altogether a mistake, and as many persons in Hongkong are unaware of the arrangements at the Treaty Ports, I think it ought to be made fully known that the junks there do not come under the foreign Customs, only vessels of foreign type, and that the discharging and loading of cargo goes on every day. To put the Colony at so great a disadvantage compared to the Treaty Ports would be interfering with Chinese customs with a vengeance. Whatever is done, there should be no misrepresentation; let us have no half truths.\n\nYours faithfully,\n\nLAOU SHANGHAI,\n\nHongkong, 22nd October, 1890.\n\n## SUNDAY LABOR IN HONGKONG HARBOUR.\n\nthemselves, by simply declining to do what their employers have neither a legal nor a moral right to demand of them, as a man is bound to obey only just and lawful commands. But is the command to perform such duties as loading or discharging cargo on Sunday a just or lawful command? Would any Magistrate in Hongkong—putting the force of public opinion aside—consider it a lawful command? I think not. So that I would again repeat: \"where there is no right there can be no duty.\" A man is entitled to one day's rest in seven, as he is entitled to twelve hours' rest in the twenty-four: by custom and usage, it has become a necessity of nature to him. According to our ideas, unless under exceptional circumstances, even voluntary labour on Sunday is wrong. Involuntary Sunday labour is morally criminal; the difference is the difference between the labour of a freeman and a slave.\n\nThe Government would seem to be wise in abstaining from legislating on the subject; the time for a hard and fast law has not yet arrived. Let strict observance of Sunday as a day of rest from labour be recognised as the custom and usage of the port of Hongkong, and it will be as easy to enforce it here as elsewhere. A short time since, it became necessary to increase the light dues for a particular purpose, and they were raised one hundred and fifty per cent. The Government can likewise, with as little difficulty, put a tonnage tax on Sunday labour afloat that would press equally on all classes of steamers. A privilege not worth paying for is not worth having. Ashore, the solution of the question mainly lies with the representatives of our two principal British shipping houses in the Colony; let them stop working their steamers on Sunday, and the rest will follow easy. Why not graciously concede as a favour to their employés what must assuredly come to pass before long, with their consent or without it? Not so very long ago, the departure of the mails on Monday was considered a hardship to merchants and their clerks, because it entailed attendance at their offices on Sunday to write their correspondence. The result was, the mail day was altered, and the merchant enjoyed his Sunday undisturbed—the aphorism about \"Sauce for the goose,\" &c.\n\nLet me recall the arguments in favour of Sunday labour seem strained and somewhat frivolous. The difficulties conjured up may turn out imaginary. The Chinese bogey will not do. The question resolves itself down to whether, for the mere purpose of utilizing Sunday, shipowners will be allowed a privilege in Hongkong which is refused them without heavy payment in most ports of the world, and denied them altogether in others.\n\nAs a ship's officer, I would demand as a right the cessation of labour on Sunday so far as I was myself concerned; as a shipowner, in the sense of being a shareholder in our three local shipping companies, and with other shipping interests of equal importance, I would advocate, as a matter of sound policy, the total cessation of Sunday labour on board ship, on the grounds of its being mostly unnecessary and called for simply by excessive competition.\n\nR. TALBOT.\n\nHongkong, 20th October, 1890.\n\n## THE SUNDAY LABOR QUESTION.\n\nTO THE EDITOR OF THE \"DAILY PRESS,\"\n\nSIR,—The question of Sunday labour on board ship in Hongkong Harbour by European officers has become confused and mixed up with that of Chinese labour on shore—with which, in my opinion, it has little to do—until the hardworked ship's officer has arrived at the, to him, flattering conclusion that the whole social and commercial system of Hongkong depends upon whether he works or does not work on Sunday, and not the rule.\n\nNow, so far as the question extends to Chinese, I think it is susceptible of proof that the bulk of the Chinese afloat, cargo boatmen, coolies, &c., are against Sunday labour. Hardly be engaged on Sunday, they are prompt to tell you: \"B'long Sunday, no wauchee work.\" Coolies or cargo boats can hardly be engaged on Sunday. Chinese merchants seem mostly indifferent. It certainly does not seem a question of much importance to them. They certainly cannot be said to be strongly in favour of Sunday work; their conversation does not lead one to conclude they are so. That Chinese of all classes, both here and at Shanghai and the out-ports, enjoy and appreciate Sunday as a day of rest from business and work can hardly be denied. It is a mistake to assume that Sunday work is general on board all steamers. It is the exception. Sailing vessels seldom or ever work on Sunday, and a large proportion of the Sunday labour going on is avoidable. The steamers trading to Manila are persistent Sunday workers, but for no other reason than to utilize Sunday. For the same reason, they would work all night as well as all day, but that there is a limit to their officers' endurance. Competition compels them to take advantage of this vicious custom, which is recognised all over the world as a moral crime, except in Hongkong. They invariably discharge cargo on Sunday, but as they seldom receive much cargo, it must be accepted as some proof that Chinese shippers do not place very much value on the privilege of Sunday labour. What little is shipped could easily be avoided by some little forethought on the part of the steamers' agents. A steamer arrives on Saturday morning, and very often does not discharge a package of cargo that day; shipping clerks are indifferent—they know she can discharge on Sunday—it never enters their heads to consider the ships' officers, that they may probably have as strong an objection to working on Sunday as they themselves invariably have when personally concerned. Shipping offices are closed on Sunday, but if they were kept open, and clerks compelled to attend when steamers were working, the necessity for Sunday work would not be so often evident.\n\nTo the ship's officer, it is undoubtedly a hardship; it destroys his self-respect, creates dissatisfaction and discontent, and is fatal to discipline. The Chinese sailors will not work on Sunday, and look with contempt on their officers, who are morosely and unwillingly carrying on their duties, while protesting strongly, if silently, against such a state of affairs. If there is truth in the axiom that \"where there is no right there can be no duty,\" then the solution of the question seems to lie with the officers...\n\n## TO THE EDITOR OF THE \"HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.\"\n\nSIR,—Having just returned from a voyage, I have only now had an opportunity of reading the report of the Conference between the Chamber of Commerce and Capt. Ashton and a delegation of the Marine Officers' Association. I am very pleased indeed to see how well Capt. Ashton maintained his cause in the face of such an evidently biassed, adverse, interested body of capitalists and shipowners represented by Messrs. Mackintosh, Keswick, Ryrie, etc. With all their professed desire for the cessation of Sunday labour, it is palpable to the most casual observer that their great care was evidently to protect the shipowner from a possible loss of one day's earnings.\n\nMr. Mackintosh asked for data regarding the number of officers employed on Sunday. Now, I think that no one is in a better position than himself to provide this information, seeing that the lines known as the \"Blue Funnel\" and \"Butterfield & Swire's\" are the great offenders in this respect; however, in passing, I might remark for Mr. Mackintosh's edification that there are, on an average, from fifty to sixty officers employed on steamers in this port on Sundays. Further, I may add, as regards compradores on board steamers, it in no wise affords the European officers greater liberty; as in steamers carrying compradores, there are usually only two European officers carried, one of whom is expected to sign all receipts and superintend all necessary deck work, while the other is supposed to be below looking after the stowage of cargo.\n\nMr. Mackintosh seems anxious to discover some method by which the Sunday labour of officers might be minimised. This is simple; \"stop Sunday labour.\"\n\nAs regards Mr. Keswick's statement of the strong objections of the Chinese to the law, I should like to know in what way these strong objections have been shown. I have heard of no action on the part of the Chinese in opposition to the proposed legislation on Sunday labour. With respect to his statement of the danger of making 150,000 Chinese idle on Sunday, I think the numbers stated very ridiculous, and I am quite satisfied that not more than 15,000 people would be affected by the cessation of Sunday labour in the harbour. With respect to Sunday labour in treaty ports, I can say that the British are the greatest sinners. And if I condescended to specialize local lines, I have no hesitation in naming the China Navigation Steamship Company and the Indo-China Steamship Company as the greatest offenders in this respect. Ships sailed under the Chinese flag compare most favourably in respect to Sunday observance. I have no doubt the I.M. Customs statistics would prove what is here stated.\n\nMy sympathies are with \"old Ryrie\" in his anxiety with respect to a hot Sunday dinner, but, as I understand the question, the Mercantile Marine Officer's Association are asking for \"cessation of Sunday labour in the Harbour only.\"", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 345765, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]", "page_number": 164, "title": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]", "content_text": "# SUNDAY LABOR IN HONGKONG HARBOUR\n\n## Colonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 15th November, 1890\n\nSin-In reply to your letter of the 15th instant, I have the honour by direction of the Officer Administering the Government to inform you that His Excellency will be happy to receive the deputation mentioned therein at Government House on Tuesday the 18th at noon, if convenient to them.\n\nI have the honour to be, Sir,\nYour most obedient Servant,\n**W. M. DEANE**,\nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\n**CHESSEY DUNCAN, Esq.,**\nHon. Secretary,\n**BRITISH MERCANTILE MARINE OFFICERS' ASSOCIATION.**\n\n## Reply to His Excellency the Governor, Hongkong, 17th November, 1890\n\nSir, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 15th inst. conveying to this body the gratifying news that His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government of the Colony will be pleased to receive a deputation—which is necessarily small owing to many of our members being absent from this Association at the time—at Government House to-morrow, at noon.\n\nPermit me to tender to you most sincere apologies for the delay (as it may appear to you) in answering your kind letter, which is owing to the fact that through some carelessness on our part your kind letter did not come into our Secretary's hands until this afternoon.\n\nI must also express my regrets that, inadvertently, we took a wrong course in addressing the Chief of Police in respect to the alleged danger from the Chinese community were labour stopped on board ships in this port on the Sabbath.\n\nI have the honour to be, Sir,\nYour obedient servant,\n(Signed)\n**SAM'L ASHTON**, President.\n\nP.S.—May I ask if it is intended that the \"Press\" will be admitted to the audience, or would His Excellency prefer it to be private?\n\n(Signed)\n**SAM'L ASHTON**, President.\n\nN.B.—Reply received graciously granting admission to Press.\n\n## THE SUNDAY LABOUR QUESTION\n\n### Deputation to H.E. the Acting Governor\n\nA deputation from the **British Mercantile Marine Officers' Association** waited yesterday (the 18th November, 1890) on H.E. The Officer Administering the Governor, with reference to the question of prohibiting Sunday labour in the harbour. The deputation consisted of Captain Samuel Ashton, A.I.N.A. (President), Messrs. L. James, T. W. Gale, W. Winch, J. W. Pearce, and Chesney Duncan (Secretary).\n\n## SUNDAY LABOR IN HONGKONG HARBOUR\n\nCaptain ASHTON—Your Excellency, we come before you as a deputation from the Mercantile Marine Officers' Association to ask you if you can pass a law to do away with what we consider a great hardship—with the unnecessary labour on board ships in this harbour on Sundays, that is to say, the loading and discharging of cargo. I think, your Excellency, we may say that some movement in this direction has been made before, of which I have no doubt you are fully aware. The first movement in this matter was originated by the Rev. Mr. Goldsmith, who got up a petition which was signed by the majority of the Mercantile Marine Officers and also by a number of persons on shore. I think it contained 600 signatures. This petition was presented to our Governor, Sir William Des Voeux, and we have reason to believe that he put it very prominently forward when at Home, and we believe the matter was very fully considered by Lord Knutsford, our Secretary of State, and Sir Cecil C. Smith. They came to the conclusion that legislative action was not advisable unless it was recommended by the Chamber of Commerce.\n\nWe, Sir, as an Association and as a body of British Mercantile Officers wish to better our condition, that is to do away with Sunday work. In Hongkong, we find that we are obliged to work on Sundays, morally obliged to do it. Our owners expect it from us. Instead of being able to go on shore on Sundays as we can do in nine-tenths of the ports of the world, we find on coming to Hongkong that we are debarred. The Governor having expressed an opinion to the effect that the stoppage of what we consider unnecessary work could only be done through the Chamber of Commerce, we asked for a conference with the Chamber, which was graciously granted, and we there stated our case. I need not read the report of the proceedings, as I suppose your Excellency has seen it. We then received a reply from the Chamber of Commerce which we consider impracticable in the highest degree.\n\nIn the first place, they say to us—'The Committee are of opinion that the Government could not legislate for the complete suppression of Sunday labour in this Harbour, as the questions involved are very serious and would affect injuriously all the shipping interests of the Colony, and particularly the large Chinese population connected therewith.' We do not believe, and we cannot believe what the Chamber of Commerce tells us. As loyal British subjects, we believe that the Government of this Colony, your Excellency, in the name of Her Majesty the Queen, can legislate for us. That is our answer.\n\nThey say that the suppression of Sunday labour will seriously affect the shipping interests. Undoubtedly so; but although the shipping interests of this Colony are very large, they bear no comparison to the shipping interests of other ports in Her Majesty's dominions, such as London, Glasgow, Liverpool, or many others. We find in other parts of Her Majesty's dominions that Sunday is respected and that we have an opportunity of attending to our religious duties and also of taking recreation which we think is necessary to the well-being of every person, and more especially do we think it necessary to a body of seamen who are necessarily confined on board their ships for a number of days or weeks as the case may be. When they arrive in port, it is to them a great relief to be able to go on shore and be able to put their feet on land. We are not afraid of our work on board ship, but we like to go on shore when we happen to be in port on Sundays. Many of our body are deeply religious. According to the custom in this port—a custom that ought to be done away with—we are prevented from attending to our religious duties. We cannot rebel against this, because we might be turned out of our ships. Clearly, we are kept, as a body of officers, in a sort of moral slavery.\n\nWe consider as British subjects that our first duty is to our Queen and country, to our flag. I trust your Excellency will be able to convey to Her Most Gracious Majesty the assurance that she does not possess anywhere more loyal subjects than in her mercantile marine. We are willing to do our duty by our flag, and we are resolved also to do our duty to our employers and also to ourselves. Our first duty is to our flag and our country; our second is loyalty to our employers, and our third duty is loyalty to ourselves as men. We think it is an injustice that we should be deprived here of the religious privileges enjoyed in every other part of Her Majesty's dominions. We do not think it should exist much longer, and we come before you now to ask you, Sir, to do your best to pass some law, some prohibitive law to do away with this Sunday work, which necessarily entails moral slavery on every mercantile marine officer that is in your port on Sundays.\n\nIn the reply we received from the Chamber of Commerce, it is further stated that the Committee look upon the question as one that rests solely between employers and employed. But they are pleased to state that during the discussion which ensued at the meeting, a strong opinion was evinced that all European supervision for the loading and discharging...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 345768, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]", "page_number": 167, "title": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]", "content_text": "# SUNDAY LABOR IN HONGKONG HARBOUR\n\n## THE SUNDAY LABOUR QUESTION, AN APPEAL TO GOVERNMENT\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY the Acting Governor received a deputation at Government House on the 18th Nov., 1890, from the British Mercantile Marine Officers' Association on the question of unnecessary Sunday labour on board ships in this port. The deputation, which was received, in the first instance, by Lieut. Thorburn, A.D.C., and which was subsequently introduced to His EXCELLENCY, the Hon. F. FLEMING, C.M.G., by the Hon. W. M. DEANE, C.M.G., Acting Colonial Secretary, consisted of Captain S. ASHTON, A.L.N.A. (President), Mr. CHESNEY DENGAN (Hon. Secretary), and Messrs. L. R. JAMES, T. W. GALE, JAMES PEARCE, and W. WINCH (officers).\n\nCaptain ASHTON said that the deputation felt most deeply grateful to His Excellency for granting it the honour of an interview, which was sought owing to the strong feeling amongst British officers that there should be a cessation of labour on board ship in this port on Sunday. Having studied Lord Knutsford's speech on the subject, made in the House of Lords on the 25th of July last, the Association came to the conclusion that the best way of causing much-needed legislation on the subject was to move the Chamber of Commerce to recommend Government to introduce a Bill which would cause the cessation of unnecessary Sunday labour. With that object in view, the Association discussed the question at length with the Committee of the Chamber of Commerce at a public conference held at the City Hall on the 17th ultimo. Full reports of the arguments used on that occasion, together with the Chamber's written decision, dated the 31st of October, had doubtless come within His Excellency's cognizance.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY.-Yes, and your reply to the Chamber's letter has also been read by me.\n\nCAPTAIN ASHTON, continuing, said he was very glad to think that His Excellency had taken notice of the movement, which, he submitted, was a righteous and justifiable movement, and a protest against moral slavery. He could well understand that the Committee of the Chamber was temporarily mesmerized by its surroundings, which were heathenish, and that therefore they looked at the situation through somewhat dim glasses. But whether that were so or not, he contended that the reply of the Chamber was unjustifiable in the circumstances, and it was an insult to officers. It was perfectly well known to shipowners here that no individual officer was independent enough to take the consequences of making personal (individual) application for exemption from duty on the Sabbath. The proposition of the Chamber was impracticable in the extreme, and by no means amounted to a modus vivendi. The Chamber wrote: \"The Committee are of opinion that the Government could not legislate for the complete suppression of Sunday labour in this harbour, as the questions involved are very serious and would affect injuriously all the shipping interests of the Colony, and particularly the large Chinese population connected therewith.\" The Government, he was convinced, could legislate for the suppression of Sunday labour; it would not \"injuriously affect all, or any, of the shipping interests of the Colony.\" As to the Chinese, he was aware that they always objected to any new law—innovations were detested by them, no matter what their nature. A Sunday observance law would not injuriously affect the Chinese, and it was preposterous for the Chamber to make such an assertion. He was convinced the Chinese would warmly appreciate their Sunday's rest.\n\nIt was regrettable that the Chamber should have seen fit to question, to virtually impeach the motives of Lord Knutsford. That important servant of Her Majesty had said, in as many words, that he would legislate were the Chamber of Commerce to recommend it; and now the Chamber committed itself to the statement: \"Indeed if such a recommendation was formulated, the Committee are of opinion that Government would not legislate.\" That was a very bold assertion, and it was the first time in the annals of colonial history that a Chamber of Commerce had taken upon itself to answer for the Government on a question which affected the masses. The Association was persuaded that Lord Knutsford meant what he said, and that the Committee's reply was utterly unjustifiable.\n\nAs to the distinction drawn by the Chamber between ocean-going and coast steamers, it was equally without reasonable basis, for ocean steamers became coasters, almost without exception, as soon as they touched Hongkong; for they usually called in at Swatow, Amoy, and Foochow en route to Shanghai, and often called at Foochow and Swatow on their way home from the Far East. It was palpably an insult for the Chamber to instruct British Officers that they must consider Sunday labour on board ships in this port as a mere incident of a voyage of four months' duration! They did not, and never would, consider it \"a mere incident,\" but they did consider, and continued to do so, that the incidence was a scandal and disgrace, and a blot upon our boasted civilization. Hongkong, instead of being a centre of light and civilization to our heathen neighbours, was absolutely the reverse.\n\nThat was the \"incident\" which was firmly implanted in the minds of British officers who were so unfortunate as to be in Hongkong on a Sunday—they were better off in the ports of China where owners had to pay heavy fees for permission from the Chinese Customs Authorities to work on the Sabbath. But this was not the worst phase of the Committee's dictum: Officers were told, \"officers may, and frequently do, escape Sunday in this port.\" Instead of Hongkong, a British possession, dearly bought with British blood and money, being a place of safety and protection for the storm-tossed British mariner, he was instructed to consider himself fortunate if he \"escape\" being in Hongkong on Sunday. Escape! He spurned the idea, and was confident that no Briton could be convinced that it was right for him to consider it a lucky escape were he never, once in a twelve-month, in Hongkong on Sunday.\n\nHe trusted His Excellency would urge Her Majesty's Government to take steps to relieve the British Mercantile Marine Officer, whose practice it was to follow three principles of loyalty, which were: - First, loyalty to their Sovereign, Defender of their Faith. Secondly, loyalty to their employers. Thirdly, loyalty to themselves. They had in years gone by proved their loyalty to their Sovereign and to their owners, and how they came before his Excellency with all humility and in deep earnestness to implore and beseech him to protect them from the continuance of an obnoxious custom (it was merely a custom, a relic of an evil past) which they felt to be a great hardship, and an invasion of their rights as loyal subjects of the Queen.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY, in reply, said he was very glad to receive the deputation and to hear the views expressed by them on a question which was, admittedly, one of much importance. It was, he believed, admitted on all sides that it would be desirable to diminish Sunday labour as carried on in this colony if such could possibly be done. The question then arose whether it should be interfered with, and if so, by what means such interference should be brought about. There were only two ways by which this could be done, one being by having recourse to compulsory legislation, the other by the voluntary co-operation of those who were concerned in the shipping interests of the colony.\n\nAs regards the question of compulsory legislation, the views of the Governor of Hongkong and the Governor of the Straits Settlements, as well as the conclusions which had been expressed by the Secretary of State, and which were stated by him in the House of Lords when answering a question in connection with this matter in July last, must necessarily be known to the members of the deputation. If, even, therefore, he (His Excellency) entertained views different from those expressed by the Governors of Hongkong and the Straits Settlements, which he did not, it would not be for him to enter into that question.\n\nHe admitted that he did not altogether agree with all the arguments which had been brought forward as proof that it was impossible to diminish Sunday labour in this colony. It was true that the Chinese did not regard the Sunday in the same light as we did, and they would, not unnaturally, be disposed to work on that day, if encouragement were given to them to do so. But this could scarcely be said to be peculiar to the Chinese, inasmuch as in some other countries, where Sunday labour did not exist to the same extent that it did here, there would doubtless be found many who would be ready to work on the seventh day in addition to the other six days of the week, if sufficient inducement were offered to them to do so.\n\nPage 34\nPage 35", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 345770, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]", "page_number": 169, "title": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]", "content_text": "# SUNDAY LABOR IN HONGKONG HARBOUR.\n\nThere are many economical and moral forces to be taken into consideration, and it is due to these that the average condition of the working classes in England and America is higher than that of their continental brethren. This very Sunday rest, which is spoken of as entailing sacrifices, has been a strong factor in the improvement of the status of working men, and has largely contributed not only to their moral but to their physical welfare also. And did time and space permit, it would not be difficult to prove that their employers have benefited to a corresponding if not a greater extent. Compare the wealth of England and America with that of Continental nations. Many causes have favoured these two countries, but he would be a bold man who dared to say that Sunday rest impeded their material progress. And the workmen of Great Britain and America understand this. They know full well that if they consented to Sunday labour, their condition would become much worse than it is. They have not jumped at this conclusion all at once.\n\nThere was a time when, had the opportunity of working on Sunday been presented, they might have availed themselves of it. They are thankful now that the laws of the country, the precepts of the religion, and the force of public sentiment prevented them. They have come to kiss the rod that ruled them; and now the law is little required because workmen themselves will not work on Sundays.\n\nIn Hongkong, we must arrive at the same state by the same process—a compulsory law. The more the subject is discussed, the more apparent does it become that this is the only remedy. If shipowners take the same views as Mr. Mackintosh, and a great many of them do, if their heads are bent to their ledgers as closely as his, and a great many heads are so inclined, is there any hope of voluntary co-operation or is there any prospect of its permanence?\n\nIs it likely that some owners will grant Sunday rest, if others refuse? Is it in human nature to willingly make such sacrifices, which may become real sacrifices, because the absence of a compulsory law putting all on equal terms, may within such a narrow area of this Colony, give at least a temporary benefit to a firm which insists on Sunday labour? As we have over and over again repeated, there is nothing so peculiar to Hongkong as to make the regulations in force in other places inapplicable here. The Custom House 'bogey' is a pure creation of the imagination. It is not in reality the fact of a Custom House being closed that keeps a shipmaster from discharging his ship; it is the fact that he knows he will be punished if he does so. So, in Hongkong, a shipmaster would not seek to discharge or load his ship if he knew that the law forbade it. What does it matter if the detective service is a Police launch instead of a Customs launch? The end is equally secured.\n\nIf the interview with the Administrator has one lesson, it is this—that the time has gone by for discussion and argument in Hongkong. The rest of the fight must be carried on in England; and we can assure the members of the Officers' Association, according to advice received by this mail from an influential source, that the contest is by no means hopeless, that indeed victory is close at hand.\n\n“SINGAPORE FREE PRESS” (Another Leader) Tuesday, December 2nd, 1890.\n\nWhat might be called the local chapter in the history of the Sunday Harbour Labour agitation at Hongkong has now closed with the recent interview of the representatives of the British Mercantile Marine Association with Mr. FLEMING, the Acting Governor. And although it was manifestly impossible for that gentleman,—merely holding that post as he does till the arrival of Sir WILLIAM DES Vœux from England,—to give any assurance whatever respecting the introduction of legislation, it is hardly to be expected that the arrival of the Governor himself will make any perceptible difference in the position of affairs. Lord KNUTSFORD has practically thrown the responsibility of pushing for action upon the Colonial Chambers of Commerce. The Chambers of Commerce are not inclined to venture forth into action on their own account, although a generally benevolent attitude, more or less cautiously expressed, is assumed towards the movement. The complexities of the case are by no means inconsiderable, and the prevailing idea that has dictated the non-committal reply of the Hongkong Chamber of Commerce to its memorialists is clearly the reluctance to engage in any change of trade practice that in operation might be found to hamper one section of the mercantile community to the relative advantage of another.\n\nIt was suggested that the whole question was one which could be more satisfactorily solved by negotiations between mercantile marine officers and their employers, but that view was demonstrated by the promoters of the movement to be unsound, and incapable of being reduced to practice. The prime difficulty lies in the fact that the opinion of the Chambers of Commerce is not entirely a free opinion, for a large proportion of local firms in the two Eastern ports referred to are but the agencies of the great shipping companies who run lines of steamers to the Far East. The touching of the vessels at these ports is but a contributory incident in the voyage, and it is felt that the principals in the case are really the officers and men of the mercantile marine, their home employers, and the Secretary of State in consultation with the Colonial Government. If the shipping owners in England were to express views in support of the matter advocated, and to communicate those desires in definite form to their representatives in Hongkong and Singapore, this would enable the local Chambers to adopt an expression of opinion of a less neutral character, and dispose the local Government to approach the question of legislation with some definiteness of purpose. It was pointed out by the Acting Governor at Hongkong in response to the deputation that interviewed him on behalf of the movement, that there was an eventual prospect of attaining the desired object, in some degree at least, \"if there existed an earnest desire and real co-operation among those who were interested in the shipping business of the Colony to diminish Sunday labour in the extent to which it was now carried on.\" But herein lies the difficulty: Will there be such display of unity of aim and earnestness in co-operation among those concerned as to justify the Secretary of State in causing the required legislation to be introduced? That is, in view of the tone of the Governor's remarks in Council and in the neutrality of the reply of the Chamber of Commerce, at present exceedingly doubtful. Till there be manifested that community of purpose, it is to be apprehended that little will be done. At all events, the work is being gone about in the way that promises success, for the scene of action is now being transferred to England, as we learn from this paragraph in a Hongkong contemporary:\n\nAn effort, we hear, is being made at home to get the shipowners in England to address a letter to the Secretary of State, assuring him that they have no objection to restrictions being placed on the Sunday working of cargoes in Hongkong and Singapore similar to the restrictions already in force in the Australian and other British harbours in which customs dues are levied, provided such restrictions apply equally to ships of all nations, and that there be reasonable provision made for cases of urgent necessity.\n\nIt seems almost a pity, however, to admit that success, if obtained, will be obtained not so much on the merits of the case, as by appeal to the benevolent ignorance of popular opinion at home. It may be taken for granted that the narrowness of the section of the public that may take up the case will not enable them to understand the local difficulties which have so impressed the Governor and the Chamber of Commerce at Hongkong, but the thing will be taken up, and perhaps carried solely on Sabbatarian grounds, instead of the broader ground of reasonable and necessary physical and mental rest to a hard-working and deserving class of men. In fact, a good result is being hoped for from that same well-meaning ignorance that has in other directions already interfered to the public detriment in India and the Eastern colonies. Still, there will be little disposition to quarrel with the result, even if the means by which it is attained be not such as we should sanction as altogether logical.\n\n## A CRITIQUE ON THE ARGUMENTS ADDUCED AT THE CONFERENCE.\n\nIrrespective of its religious side, the vital importance of the Sunday rest question is one which cannot be permitted to remain where it is. Throughout the civilized world, a weekly day of rest is universally acknowledged to be an indispensable physical and moral necessity. The keen race for very existence, and the high pressure rate at which everyday life is now conducted renders it doubtful if enlightened civilization can be maintained without such periodical rest. Labour organizations, which are now the order of the day all the world over, have hitherto devoted their efforts, and with success, towards a reduction of the hours of labour, and even in this direction, it is pretty generally accepted that eight hours' work a day is to be the rule in future. With such patent examples before them of what is...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 345773, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]", "page_number": 172, "title": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]", "content_text": "## SUNDAY LABOR IN HONGKONG HARBOUR\n\n... circumstances, and we deeply deplore the sad loss of an able and popular colleague. We also express our deep sympathy with the families of the deceased and with those who were wounded, whom we wish a happy issue out of all their troubles and sickness. (Long continued applause amidst which the speaker resumed his seat.) A cordial vote of thanks to the Chairman, and the same compliment to the Secretary, Mr. Duncan, and the Acting Treasurer, Mr. Bathurst, brought the meeting to a close.\n\nThe annual report of the Association (for 1890) was laid on the table.— \"Hongkong Telegraph\" 5th January, 1891.\n\n## ANNUAL REPORT\n\nOF THE\n\n**BRITISH MERCANTILE MARINE OFFICERS' ASSOCIATION**, 1890.\n\nThe first meeting of marine officers held with a view to devising ways and means of starting a Mercantile Marine Officers' Association in this colony was at the Sailors' Home on the evening of the 17th May, 1890. Eleven officers were present as well as the present hon. Secretary. A resolution was passed at that meeting by which it was decided to call a mass meeting of British officers on the 20th May. Accordingly, those present on the 17th canvassed the whole of the shipping in port, and on the 20th over twenty officers assembled at the Victoria Hotel at 9 p.m., when it was resolved:---\n\n1.---That an Association styled the **\"British Mercantile Marine Officers' Association\"** be formed forthwith.\n\n2.-That the objects of the body shall be:--\n\n| Object | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| I | For the purpose of counteracting influences that are, and for a very long time have been, acting against the interests of officers of the British Mercantile Marine. |\n| II | To watch over and guard the interests of its members. |\n| III | To maintain the proper dignity of the profession. |\n\nIt was also decided:-(1). To admit none but British subjects as members of the association. (2). That the Press should be admitted to all ordinary meetings. (3). That the entrance fee should be $5, and the monthly subscription $1 each. (4). That members of kindred bodies be admitted to membership upon payment of half the entrance fee.\n\nAt a meeting held on the 2nd of June at the same hotel, a set of temporary rules, based upon those of the Australian Association, were adopted with certain modifications. The meeting was a large and representative one, and the members of the Press, who were present, published reports of the proceedings the next day. A discussion ensued on the subject of the selection of a suitable President, and it was unanimously decided to ask Capt. Samuel Ashton, Commodore of the local Douglas Line, to do us the honour of becoming President. Captain Ashton accepted the presidency when approached on the subject. His acceptance was made known at a meeting held on the 24th of the same month, and the announcement was greeted with much applause. A letter was forwarded to the President couched in respectful terms, thanking him for his kindness in not only becoming the leader of the body but also a member.\n\nDuring the months of June and July, the much-vexed question of the right of foreigners to wholesale employment in British ships was frequently discussed, as also the necessity for a world-wide union of British officers, and resolutions strongly condemning the one and approving of the other were carried unanimously. This was followed by the Secretary being desired to open up negotiations with the English, Australian, and Shanghai Associations, with a view to the conclusion of treaties of amity with them. He was also instructed to make certain representations to Government on the subject of the employment of foreigners on board British ships. The Secretary duly performed the duties assigned to him.\n\nIn the month of August, the subject of the constitution of Local Marine Boards was discussed at length, and resulted in the passing of a resolution condemning the action of Sir Michael Hicks-Beach in causing able seamen to be admitted as members of Local Marine Boards. It was during the latter part of this month that telegraphic advices were received relative to the Australian strike. We were of opinion that the action taken by the officers in the Antipodes was premature, and that their alliance with trades-unions was a very ill-advised step, calculated to bring disgrace upon the profession and ruin to the strikers. That our opinions were well founded, the failure of the strike, or rather its virtual failure, owing to the stubborn resistance of shipowners and employers generally, added to the wavering of many of the officers (by latest advices from the colonies) proves conclusively.\n\nOn the 14th of August, the President, in accordance with the special invitation of the Association, took the chair at a meeting held at the Marine Hotel, and delivered his inaugural address. He was greeted with hearty applause, and his speech, which lasted for fully an hour, was frequently interrupted by loud manifestations of approval and concurrence in the opinions expressed. Representatives of the Press were present, and they published full reports of the proceedings the next day.\n\nOn the 25th of the same month, the Committee was duly elected by ballot.\n\nOn the 6th of September, the President again delivered an address in which he discussed the subject of unnecessary labour on board ships in the waters of this colony on Sundays. The speaker dealt with the subject in a telling manner, both from religious and secular points of view, and, as on the occasion of the inaugural address, the speech was continually interrupted with hearty applause. The representatives of the Press were present and published full reports of the speech, and took the matter up in their journals. The Press supported the movement, and the gratitude of the Association is due to them for their recognition and support, which it is earnestly hoped will be vouchsafed to us in the future.\n\nWe freely acknowledge the power of the Press, for we know it is one of the greatest safeguards of the liberty of the subject.\n\nOn the 19th of the month (September), resolutions were passed to the following effect:--\n\n| Resolution | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1) | \"That in view of the fact that the sum and substance of official and public opinion, generally, is to the effect that the cessation of labour on board ships on Sunday, in Hongkong, can only be effected by the Chamber of Commerce moving the Government in the matter, this Association decides that special representations should be made to the Chamber of Commerce with a view to the holding of a conference between delegates of this Association and the Chairman of the said Chamber.\" |\n| (2) | The Chamber of Commerce consenting to the conference, this Association be represented by the President, Captain Ashton, and two or three members to be selected by the Committee.\" |\n\nThe Chamber consented to receive a deputation on the 17th of October. Accordingly, at 4 p.m. that day, Captain Ashton, eight members, and the hon. Secretary, accompanied by the representatives of the English and Chinese Press, met the Committee of the Chamber in public conference at the City Hall, when the subject was discussed at length and taken down in shorthand by the Press representatives—the Hongkong Telegraph, Daily Press, China Mail, and Wai Sun Yat Po. Subsequently, full reports of the proceedings, together with the definite reply of the Chamber, were forwarded to the Liverpool Association and other influential friends, with a request that they should place the subject before the British public with all haste and in all earnestness.\n\nThe reply of the Chamber of Commerce, above referred to, caused great indignation to the whole body of Mercantile Marine Officers, and they decided to petition the Acting Governor to receive a deputation. Accordingly, the necessary despatch was written, and resulted in a most courteous reply in which his Excellency graciously fixed the date for receiving a deputation at Government House.\n\n## Page 45\n\n... \n\n## Page 169", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 347741, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891", "page_number": 183, "title": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891", "content_text": "## \nwhich their Lordships state that they are prepared to accept for two years the contribution of £40,000 a-year, which was the annual sum recommended by the Committee, and accepted by the Secretary of State.\n\n2. I am, however, to request you to recall their Lordships' attention to your letter of the 10th of August, relating to the Straits Contribution, in which their Lordships state, that so far as the two Colonies of the Straits Settlements and Hong Kong are concerned, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Secretary of State for War, and the Secretary of State for the Colonies have in conference arrived at an understanding upon the amount of contribution to be paid in this and the next three or four years. This concurs with Lord Knutsford's recollection of what passed at the conference, and he is not therefore prepared to agree that the payment by the Colony of £40,000 a-year should be demanded for less than the five years, commencing from 1st January, 1889, recommended by the Committee, and accepted at the conference on the 3rd of June.\n\n3. As regards the barracks, his Lordship is enquiring from the War Office whether any more definite estimate of cost has been prepared since July, 1888, when the Committee made their report; and a further communication will be addressed to you on the subject.\n\n4. Lord Knutsford has referred to the Report of the Select Committee of 1861 on Colonial Military Expenditure, and observes that it was instructed to enquire and report whether any and what alterations may be advantageously adopted in regard to the defence of the British dependencies, and the proportions of cost of such defence as now defrayed from Imperial and Colonial Funds respectively. It does not appear that the Committee, as stated in the 3rd paragraph of their Lordships' letter, was directed to enquire whether the most wealthy and important Colonies might not, with due regard to justice and to their own interests, defray a larger proportion of the cost of their military defence than up to that time had been laid to their charge. This passage is found in a letter of 25th April, 1863, from Mr. Elliott, of this department, to Sir Hercules Robinson, who was then in England, summarizing the nature of the enquiry. The next sentence which their Lordships quote as the advice of the Committee is taken from the same letter.\n\n5. As far as concerns Hong Kong, the report begins by classing it among \"military garrisons, naval stations, convict depots, and dependencies maintained chiefly for objects of Imperial policy,\" and in the 9th paragraph the report states that, \"as to the second class of dependencies above defined (i.e., military garrisons, naval stations, &c.) the responsibility and main cost of their defences properly devolves on the Imperial Government.\"\n\n6. This principle will be seen to run through the correspondence between the Duke of Newcastle and the Governor respecting the contribution of £20,000 a-year, and although their Lordships, in the 12th paragraph of their letter, demur to this assumption, the position, in the opinion of Lord Knutsford, holds equally true at the present time.\n\n7. The Imperial Government has the control of peace and war, and has decided that Hong Kong must be defended with powerful forts and held by a garrison costing £280,000 a-year. It cannot be supposed that in fixing this garrison Her Majesty's Government was specially concerned for the safety of the alien Chinese who frequent the Colony, or even of the British merchants who have established themselves there; and there can be no doubt that the Colony has been selected as a coaling station, solely on account of its harbour. This harbour is of great value to the Empire, apart from the welfare of the people living on its shores; and the real ground for defending Hong Kong is its importance as a naval station, where Her Majesty's ships may refit, and where they may obtain coal necessary to keep the sea and protect the British shipping engaged in the trade between the mother country and the Empires of China and Japan: a trade which is mainly independent of Hong Kong, and which is carried on for the benefit of the other country and the British taxpayer. Hong Kong is also defended in order that its harbour may not fall into the hands of a foreign enemy, and be used as a naval base from which to destroy the ships owned in the mother country and engaged in carrying on this trade with the East. And as a guarantee against such a misfortune, its increased strength and additional garrison are demanded by the increasing strength of Russia at Vladivostock, and by the presence of large French forces in Tonquin and Cochin China.\n\n8. Lord Knutsford agrees with their Lordships that comparison between the sums expended by different countries on certain services is always difficult, and in the present case the comparison seems misleading; for the countries to which their Lordships refer in the 21st paragraph of their letter are Sovereign States, whose defences are maintained solely for the protection of these interests which they themselves administer. But Hong Kong, as Mr. Stanhope pointed out in the War Office memorandum of the 15th December last, `...` produces nothing; and it seems impossible to make any satisfactory comparison between the taxpaying capacity of its mixed population and that of the populations of producing countries such as their Lordships refer to.\n\n9. Nor is there any real analogy between the circumstances of Hong Kong and of the Australian Colonies to which their Lordships refer. These great dependencies are concerned only for the defence of themselves and of their own trade and produce, and their contributions to the Navy are required for the protection of the very considerable trade between their own ports, and from those ports to the mother country. These ports differ, therefore, from those of Hong Kong and Singapore in so far as they are not merely naval bases and harbours of refuge for the trade which passes them in its transit between the United Kingdom and foreign countries.\n\n10. Unless this distinction is kept well in view, no proper and fair consideration will be given to the conditions which govern the defence of these Eastern coaling stations. It is, of course, reasonable and just that the mercantile community and alien inhabitants of Singapore and Hong Kong should bear their full share of the cost of protecting the ports in which they carry on their business, and of the security which they enjoy. The amount which they should contribute is a subject for careful examination and discussion; but, as regards Hong Kong, Lord Knutsford must observe that the discussion was closed for the present by the conference of himself and his colleagues, when the contribution was fixed for five years at £40,000 a-year.\n\n## MILITARY CONTRIBUTIONS.-HONG KONG\n\nThe principle that Colonies should contribute to their defence to the utmost extent that their means will permit is fully concurred in.\n\nThis principle was recognized by the Select Committee of 1884 on Military Establishments and Expenditure in the Colonies. It recommended that the strictest economy should be observed in every branch of the military expenditure of the Colonies, and that any surplus revenue that may remain after defraying their civil expenses should, in accordance with the regulations which have been adopted by the Ordnance and Colonial Departments, be applied to the payment of their military charges.\n\nThe Select Committee on Colonial Military Expenditure of 1881 took the same view, but gave it more definite expression. It divided the Colonies into two classes-\n\n1. Those, the main cost of whose defence should fall on Imperial revenues,\n2. Those, the main cost of whose defence should devolve upon themselves.\n\nThe second recommendation was qualified by the statement that the practical application of such recommendations, both as to time and place, must necessarily be left to the discretion of Her Majesty's Government, having regard to the local resources of each dependency, to its dangers from external attack, and to the general exigencies of the Empire.\n\nThe Committee included Hong Kong in the first category and Mauritius in the second. Immediately after the report of the Committee of 1861, the contributions to be made by three dependencies came under the consideration of Her Majesty's Government, viz., Singapore, Mauritius, Hong Kong. In the case of Singapore, the Government insisted on it paying the full cost of the garrison necessary for its defence, and refused to take it over from India until that condition was accepted.\n\n| Colony | Original Contribution | Revised Contribution | Percentage of Garrison Cost | Percentage of Revenue |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Singapore | ... | full cost | 100% | ... |\n| Mauritius | £33,000 | £45,000 | 36% | 10% |\n| Hong Kong | £0 | £20,000 | 20% | 16.4% |\n\nIt increased the Mauritius contribution from about £33,000 to £45,000 a-year, making it about 36 per cent of the estimated cost of its garrison, and about 10 per cent of its revenue.\n\nIn the case of Hong Kong, which up to that time had contributed nothing towards its defence, it imposed a contribution of £20,000 a-year, or about 20 per cent of the cost of its garrison, and 16.4 per cent of its revenue. In both cases it was estimated that the contribution would be subsequently increased.\n\nLooking to the fact that the proportion of charge imposed in each of these cases differed, it seems evident that although the Government of the day had the principle laid down by the Committee of 1861 in view, it had regard in its application to the local resources of each dependency, to its dangers from external attack, and to the general exigencies of the Empire.\n\nIt would probably be found impracticable to take any one Colony and make the contribution found suitable to its conditions the standard for fixing the contributions of other dependencies. No hard or fast rule can be laid down applicable to all defended Colonies, and each must be dealt with on its own merits.\n\nThe comparative statements of revenue and military expenditure in Hong Kong, and in the United Kingdom and other countries, contained in the memorandum of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, are based upon figures which omit items essential to a correct comparison.\n\nThe revenue of Hong Kong includes all its resources from both rates and taxes, and covers its total expenditure, general and local, but it has been compared with only that part of the revenue of the United Kingdom which provides what may be called the Imperial expenditure, omitting entirely the local revenues derived from rates and other local taxes. At the same time, the military expenditure incurred by Hong Kong has been largely underestimated.\n\nThe following is the corrected data on which the comparative statements may be recast: During the five years ending 1888, the military expenditure of Hong Kong, including its expenditure (£116,000) on defence works, and on local forces, amounted to an annual average of £48,700.\n\nDuring the same period, its average annual revenue amounted to £235,883 sterling, and its average population to about 184,000.\n\nTaking the defence expenditure of the United Kingdom at £29,800,000, and its Imperial revenue at £86,800,000, as given in the Chancellor's memorandum, and adding to the latter...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 347742, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891", "page_number": 184, "title": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891", "content_text": "## 11. Their Lordships being dissatisfied with the conclusions of a Committee to which their own representative was a concurring party, caused the matter to be referred to the two Secretaries of State and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and, according to Lord Knutsford's distinct recollection, the result of this meeting was that the recommendations of the Committee were accepted so far as regards Hong Kong. He cannot, therefore, adopt the view apparently underlying your letter under acknowledgment, that this conference was merely of a preliminary character, designed to clear the ground for subsequent discussion; and should the Secretary of State for War concur in this recollection of what passed at that meeting, Lord Knutsford trusts that their Lordships will reconsider their present decision, and agree to this contribution of £40,000 for the five years from the 1st January last.\n\n## 12. As regards the sum of about £9,000 for submarine mining works which their Lordships desire should be demanded from the Colony, Lord Knutsford would point out that when the Conference accepted (as according to his recollection was the case) the recommendations of Sir Arthur Haliburton's Committee, no exception or reservation was made either in respect of this sum or of the payments on account of the new barracks. And in any case, he would deprecate any demand on account of this sum, not only because no similar demand has been made upon any other Colony, and no objection to the payment has been raised in Parliament, but also because the Colonial Legislature in 1886, when voting a sum of £60,375 in addition to the original estimate of £55,625 for works, making together a sum of £116,000, did so \"on the distinct understanding that this vote shall be final for the military and defensive purposes of the Colony\" and although Her Majesty's Government never formally accepted this condition, yet, if the demand for this £9,000 is pressed, the Colony would naturally point to the resolution, and the difficulty would be considerably greater of obtaining the increased annual contribution and the money necessary for the new barracks.\n\n50,000,000, the local revenues of the United Kingdom, after excluding loans and Government contributions, we get a total revenue of £186,300,000.\n\nThe foregoing figures give a military expenditure of 8.4d in the £ of revenue, or 18.10 per cent for Hong Kong, instead of 1s. 10d and 9 per cent, and 4s. 9d per head of population, instead of 18. 10; while the proportions for the United Kingdom are 4.4d per £ of revenue, or 21.78 per cent, instead of 7s. in the £ or 35 per cent, as given in the Chancellor's memorandum. During the past five years, therefore, an addition of about £7,000 to the Hong Kong military expenditure would have raised its proportion of expenditure to revenue to that which exists at present in the United Kingdom for both naval and military services. Its actual proportion of military expenditure to revenue has been about the same as that of Brazil and Portugal, and considerably in excess of that of Belgium.\n\nIf the charge for the war debts of the United Kingdom, chiefly incurred nearly a century ago, be added to its current defence expenditure, it would augment its proportion of expenditure to revenue to 7s., but it would seem doubtful whether that standard could be made applicable to a Colony which had no existence when those debts were incurred.\n\nWith regard to the next five years, ending 1893, the military expenditure of Hong Kong, assuming the recommendations of the Colonial Contributions Committee to be adopted, will average as follows:-\n\n| Contribution | Local Forces | Direct expenditure on barracks | Total |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| £40,000 | £8,000 | £8,000 | £51,000 (corrected to) £56,000 |\n\nTo this should be added the interest at 3 per cent on £140,000, the value of the Crown lands, which is to be expended on barracks, and which, if not so hypothecated, would be a legitimate asset of the Colony, making a total of £55,200 a-year.\n\nThe revenue of Hong Kong for this year is estimated at £266,120. Assuming that its revenue will increase annually in the same proportion that it has increased during the past 10 years, its average during the next five years will be £286,020. Its military expenditure will thus be 3s. 10d in the £ of revenue, or 19.8 per cent, as against a present 4.4d and 21.78 per cent in the United Kingdom. An addition of £7,000 to the expenditure recommended by the Colonial Contributions Committee would raise the Colonial expenditure to the same proportion of revenue as at present obtains in the United Kingdom.\n\nIf, in addition to its local expenditure, the Colony were required to contribute half the total cost of its garrison—viz., £140,000 + £15,200 = £155,200 a-year, as suggested in the Chancellor's memorandum—it would be necessary for it to more than double its taxation, and, assuming that it raised £100,000 more revenue, its proportion of military charge to revenue would then be 8s. in the £, or 40 per cent against a present 4s. 4d in the £, or 21.78 per cent in the United Kingdom.\n\nIt would seem impossible to impose such a charge as this on the Colony, and, looking to the fact that the charge proposed by the Colonial Contributions Committee for the next five years nearly approximates the proportion of the home charges for both naval and military services, it would seem to be a reasonable amount to impose. At the end of five years, when the barrack expenditure has been disposed of, it may then be practicable to augment the Colonial Contribution to the Imperial Exchequer on account of the current cost of its garrison.\n\nThe Secretary of State has not gone into a detailed comparison of the expenditure per head of the population of Hong Kong, and of the United Kingdom, and various other countries.\n\nThe present population of Hong Kong is about 200,000, and of this number only 7,000 to 8,000 are whites, including the garrison, the fleet, and the general shipping.\n\nThe Colony produces nothing, and it seems impossible to make any satisfactory comparison between the tax-paying capacity of its mixed population and that of the population of producing countries, such as the United Kingdom, Belgium, Portugal, Brazil, &c.\n\n## WAR OFFICE, 15th December, 1888.\n\n## 13. For it must be remembered that hitherto all barracks at Hong Kong have on that account been built by the military authorities, and any demand upon the Colony will be unexpected, and give rise to much opposition. And there is a matter of considerable importance to which Lord Knutsford desires to draw their Lordships' attention. The Colony has recently carried out, at enormous cost, certain large works for bringing into the town a copious supply of fresh water, of which the military and naval departments enjoy the benefit without contributing to the cost of the works, and the Colony may claim to set off a portion of this expenditure against demands which they consider unjust, seeing that the War Office and Admiralty pay only half rates for the water they use, and it is understood that the Admiralty have objected even to this. No such suggestion has yet been made by the Governor, and very possibly never will be made; but the circumstance should not be overlooked when considering the demands which it is judicious for Her Majesty's Government to put forward.\n\n## 14. It only remains to notice the 8th paragraph of the letter under reply, and to observe that, if the Straits Contribution has not been paid in sterling, this is due to the Treasury having refused to accept sterling in the first instance, and afterwards, when the exchange turned in favour of the Colony, to its having for years omitted to deal with a proposal from the Colonial Office submitting a scheme which, whatever may have been its merits, was, at any rate, an honest attempt to come to an arrangement upon the subject. Upon this question, I am to refer you to the letter from this department of the 18th September.*\n\n## LANDS.\n\n## No. 9.\n\n**Colonial Office to War Office.**\n\nJOHN BRAMSTON.\n\nDowning Street, Sir, 6th November, 1889.\n\nWith reference to the letter† from this department of the 17th ultimo, enclosing copy of a letter addressed to the Treasury regarding the Hong Kong Military Contribution, I am directed by Lord Knutsford to acquaint you that the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury have forwarded to this department a copy of their letter to the War Office of the 12th October (`15171`), and I am to request you to lay before Mr. Secretary Stanhope the enclosed copy of a further letter to that department relative to the provision of barrack accommodation, &c., in Hong Kong.\n\n## Enclosure in No. 9.\n\n**Colonial Office to Treasury.**\n\nJOHN BRAMSTON.\n\nDowning Street, 6th November, 1889.\n\nSir,\n\nIn reply to your letter of the 12th ultimo, I am directed by Lord Knutsford to request you to inform the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury that, as his Lordship has not seen the previous correspondence between the Treasury and the War Office, he can offer no opinion upon the letter to the War Office of the 12th ultimo,‡ on the \n\n* See Enclosure in No. 8 of \"Correspondence relating to the Military Contribution payable by the Straits Settlements.\"\n† `No. 8`.\n‡ ...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 347830, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891", "page_number": 272, "title": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891", "content_text": "# The Mercantile Marine Service Association\n\n## Hong Kong Telegraph 19/11/90\n\n### A National Disgrace!\n\n#### THE SUNDAY LABOUR QUESTION. AN APPEAL TO GOVERNMENT.\n\nHis Excellency the Acting Governor received a deputation from the British Mercantile Marine Officers' Association at Government House yesterday. The deputation, which was received in the first instance by Lieut. Thorburn, A.D.C., and subsequently introduced to His Excellency by the Hon. Secretary, consisted of Captain S. Ashton, Mr. J. W. James, Mr. Chesney Duncan (Hon. Secretary), Messrs. J. W. Gale, N.A. (President), Mr. Pearce, W. Winch (officers), and James Edwards (Hon. Treasurer).\n\nThe Mercantile Marine Service Association was incorporated by Special Act of Parliament for conserving the interests of the British Merchant Service, promoting the general improvement of nautical men by education, wholesome laws, obtaining redress of wrongs, procuring employment, and caring for the helpless and aged.\n\nCaptain Ashton said that the deputation felt most deeply grateful to His Excellency for granting them an interview. They sought to address the strong feeling amongst British officers that there should be a cessation of labour on board ships in this port on Sundays. Having studied Lord Knutsford's speech on the subject, made in the House of Lords on the 25th of July last, the Association came to the conclusion that the best way of causing much-needed legislation on the subject was to move the Chamber of Commerce to recommend Government to introduce a Bill which would cause the cessation of unnecessary Sunday labour.\n\n| **Position** | **Name** |\n| --- | --- |\n| President | J. W. Gale, N.A. |\n| Hon. Secretary | Chesney Duncan |\n| Hon. Treasurer | James Edwards |\n\nThe Association discussed the question at length with the Committee of the Chamber of Commerce at a public conference held at the City Hall on the 7th ultimo. Full reports of the arguments occasioned, together with the Chamber's written decision, dated the 31st of October, had doubtless come within His Excellency's cognizance.\n\nCaptain Ashton continuing said, \"We are very glad to think that His Excellency has taken notice of the movement which, we submit, is a righteous and justifiable movement, and a protest against moral slavery.\" He contended that the reply of the Chamber was unjustifiable in the circumstances and was an insult to officers. The Chamber's proposition was impracticable in the extreme and amounted to a modus vivendi.\n\nThe Chamber wrote, \"The Committee are of opinion that the Government could not legislate for the complete suppression of Sunday labour in this harbour, as the questions involved are very serious and would affect injuriously all the shipping interests of the Colony, and particularly the large Chinese population connected therewith.\" Captain Ashton argued that the Government could legislate for the suppression of Sunday labour without injuriously affecting the shipping interests or the Chinese population.\n\nHis Excellency, in reply, said he was very glad to receive the deputation and to hear their views on a question which was admittedly one of much importance. He believed it was admitted on all sides that it would be desirable to diminish Sunday labour if such could possibly be done. The question then arose whether it should be interfered with, and if so, by what means such interference should be brought about.\n\nThere were only two ways by which this could be done: one being by having recourse to compulsory legislation, and the other by the voluntary co-operation of those concerned in the shipping interests of the colony. His Excellency admitted that he did not altogether agree with all the arguments brought forward as proof that it was impossible to diminish Sunday labour in the colony.\n\n### Honorary Members\n\n* ADMIRAL HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH, K.G., K.T., G.C.B.\n* LORD CLAUD J. HAMILTON\n* LORD BRASSEY, K.C.B.\n* HON. W. A. CROSS, M.P.\n* M. W. MATTINSON, ESQ., M.P.\n* CAPTAIN SIR JAMES ANDERSON\n* SIR E. BATES, BART., M.P.\n* PROFESSOR SIR WILLIAM THOMSON, LL.D., F.R.S.\n* WM. RATURONR, ESQ., M.P.\n* DAVID MACIVER, ESQ.\n* EDWARD WHITLEY, ESQ., M.P.\n* SAMUEL SMITH, ESQ., M.P.\n* RALPH NEVILLE, ESQ., Q.C., M.P.\n* T.B. ROYDEŃ, ESQ., M.P.\n* BARON H. DE WORMS, M.P.\n* W. F. LAWRENCE, ESQ., M.P.\n* SIR G. BADEN-POWELL, ESQ., M.P.\n* T. P. O'CONNOR, ESQ., M.P.\n* RALPH BROCKLEBANK, ESQ.\n* JAMES BEAZLEY, ESQ., J.P.\n* J. J. MAY, ESQ., J.P.\n\n### Honorary Council\n\n* African Steam Ship Company\n* Aspinal, J, Son & Brooke\n* Balfour, Williamson & Co.\n* Baring Brothers\n* Batea, Stokes & Co.\n* Bibby, James J., Esq.\n* Brocklebank, Sir Thomas\n* Brocklebank, Ralph, Jun., Esq.\n* Bushell Bros. & Co.\n* Cearns & Brown\n* Cary, John, Esq., J.P.\n* Cory, Alderman J., Cardiff\n* Coteaworth, Ingue & Co.\n* Cross, J. T., Esq.\n* Dixon, W. H., Esq.\n* Dixon, W. T., & Sons\n* Eusington & Co.\n* Farnworth and Jardine\n* Gibbs, Bright & Co.\n* Graham, Rows & Co.\n* Gruning & Co.\n\n### Executive Council\n\n* Captain T. VINCENT, President\n* CLARKE ASPINALL, ESQ., Treasurer\n* Littledale, T. & J., & Co.\n* Lyon, Comper & Co.\n* Lockett, John, Esq.\n* Mackie & Sons\n* Melones, John, Esq.\n* Maciver, Charles, Esq.\n* Maciver, Henry, Esq.\n* Morland, Sir Henry, Bombay\n* Moss, Charles, & Co.\n* Myers, W. J. Sons, & Co.\n* Muck, W. D., Esq.\n* National Steam Ship Co., Ltd.\n* Nixon & Thew\n* Nickels, J. T., & Co.\n* North, Colonel J. T.\n\n### Council Members (To serve Three Years)\n\n| **Name** | **Position** |\n| --- | --- |\n| Brooks, Capt. | Captain |\n| Burton, G., Capt. | Captain |\n| Campbell, H., Capt. | Captain |\n| Clarke, Janno, Capt. | Captain |\n| Gales, James, Capt. | Captain |\n| Hill, William, Capt. | Captain |\n| Hamil, Martin f., Capt. | Captain |\n| Hatfield, B., Capt. | Captain |\n| Hayes, H. W., Capt. | Captain |\n| Killy, C. J., Capt. | Captain |\n| Lewis, A. W., Capt. | Captain |\n| Murray, G. S., Capt. | Captain |\n| McBay, Horatio, Capt. | Captain |\n| Nowell, S., Capt. | Captain |\n| Ritchie, Joseph, Capt. | Captain |\n| Royden, T. B., Esq., M.P. | |\n| Suumier, Janges, Capt. | Captain |\n| Watt, H. F., Capt. | Captain |\n| Webster, J. K., Capt. | Captain |\n| Williamson, John, Esq. | |\n\nPage 363\n\nC. O. \n2340\nRECE(REG 2 FEB 91)", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 360844, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-272 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1896 [5-9]", "page_number": 335, "title": "CO129-272 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1896 [5-9]", "content_text": "serious proportions in the not far distant future.\n\n1\n\nThe causes to which the waning popularity of certain British goods is attributed are enumerated in paragraph 9 of the report, and I would invite your special attention to the remarks of the Committee contained in that and the succeeding paragraph regarding the action of the shipping conference.\n\n4.\n\n330 The several witnesses who were examined gave their evidence on the understanding that it should not be published in this Colony, I have, therefore, caused the report alone to be published locally, but I am forwarding separately 75 copies of the report with the evidence complete, by Parcel Receipt annexed. You may find them useful for distribution within the United Kingdom on the condition that the evidence will", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-272 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1896 [5-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 368166, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]", "page_number": 575, "title": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]", "content_text": "# LOCAL GOVI BOARD\nEnclos85\nThe Daily Press.\nHONGKONG, August 20th, 1897.\n\n## HONGKONG SANITARY BOARD\nA meeting of the Sanitary Board was held at the offices yesterday afternoon. Dr. Atkinson (Principal Civil Medical Officer) presided and there were also present—Hon. F. H. May, (Captain Superintendent of Police), Hon. W. Chatham (Acting Director of Public Works), Dr. Clark (Medical Officer of Health), and Mr. H. McCallum (Secretary).\n\n### MINUTEE\nThe minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.\n\n### THE MEDICAL INSPECTION OF SHIPPING AND THE VENICE PLAGUE CONFERENCE\nFurther papers relating to the proposal to institute a systematic medical inspection of vessels arriving in the harbour were laid on the table. Following upon the report of the Committee of the Chamber of Commerce (which was given in the Daily Press of July 21st) the Medical Officer of Health wrote the following minute:--\nThe fact that a few persons may cross the frontier or land at Aberdeen or Stanley is no more an argument against medical inspection of the shipping entering this harbour than is the fact that criminals occasionally escape the consequences of their crimes an argument against the maintenance of a police force. The Chamber of Commerce admits the desirability of medical inspection of vessels arriving from infected ports, but overlooks the fact well known to the Government—that it is impossible to obtain the necessary staff in such emergencies and that if we have not permanent men trained in this work we cannot cope with any extra work without serious delay. Another point of great importance is that we are practically at all times in communication with some infected ports, and if we do not have a general medical inspection of the shipping the Government is compelled to officially declare such ports \"infected\" before such medical inspection can be enforced. Hitherto the Government of this colony has, in the interests of the shipping community, refrained as far as possible from resorting to such official declarations in consequence of the effect it has upon the authorities of the neighbouring ports who often follow suit by imposing a lengthy quarantine; In future, however, this course will, I hope, not be followed, for if the shipping authorities object to a properly organised general inspection the Government should certainly not hesitate to insist upon a medical inspection of all vessels from infected or suspected ports, and as they can as yet only do so by declaring quarantine against such ports this should be resorted to without delay. A very exaggerated idea seems to exist in the minds of the members of the sub-Committee of the Chamber of Commerce in reference to the expense of this scheme. I wonder what the cost to the shipping and to the colony generally would have been if any one of those fifty coolies who were landed on the s.s. Cheang Hong Kian, in November of last year had found his way to one of the water reservoirs or filter beds while suffering from cholera. This ship had no less than 14 deaths on her voyage from Singapore to this port, ten of which occurred within 24 hours of her arrival here, and yet the rest of them were allowed to land and disperse themselves over the colony. I venture to think that if the scheme of medical inspection of all shipping had been in force at that time this colony would not have been exposed to such an awful danger as that which threatened us then—a danger which can only be fully realized by those who know the true explanation of the outbreak of cholera in Hamburg in 1893.\n\nSmallpox, again, is constantly being introduced into this colony from Japan and other ports, and leads to sickness and deaths among the European community, and, in fact, as I pointed out in my annual report for 1896, more than 50 per cent of our cases of infectious disease (exclusive of bubonic plague) are imported and the danger to the community would thus by medical inspection be practically reduced to one-half of its present proportions. I suggest that the papers relating to the Sanitary Conference at Venice be attached to these so that they may be considered together.\n\nIn reference to the report of the Venice Plague Conference, the Medical Officer of Health wrote:--\nThe attached report suggests to me the following course of action is most suitable for this port. (1). All vessels, whether \"healthy,\" \"suspected,\" or \"infected\" arriving from an infected port, to proceed at once to the quarantine anchorage for medical inspection in accordance with our existing quarantine regulations and to be granted free pratique as soon as (1) the sick, if any, have been removed to hospital, (2) the vessel disinfected, if necessary, and (3) the passengers and crew have complied with the following requirements, namely, (a) All Europeans, Americans, and Australians desiring to land must give to the boarding medical officer their names and the addresses at which they intend to reside, and they will be subjected to \"medical surveillance\" for a period of five days if the port of departure is infected with cholera, ten days if with plague, and fifteen days if with smallpox, from the date of leaving the ship, if any cases of bubonic plague have occurred thereon during the voyage, or from the date of leaving the infected port if the ship has been free from such sickness since the departure therefrom. Should any such person desire to reside at any other address than that given by him to the boarding medical officer, within the said period of ten days, he must first communicate the new address to the Medical Officer of Health of the colony. (B). All Asiatics and Africans must similarly furnish their names and addresses of destination and will be subjected to medical surveillance for a like period, but each one must in addition furnish a reliable surety resident in the colony, who shall guarantee in writing to the extent of $50 that such person shall continue to reside at the address given by him, for a period of not less than ten days. In the event of such surety not being forthcoming for any such person brought into the harbour from an infected port the vessel will not be granted pratique. All Asiatic and African passengers arriving from an infected port, en route for some further port, must be detained on board ship, and the master of any vessel allowing any such person who has not furnished the boarding medical officer with his name and address of destination and the necessary surety to land, shall be deemed to have committed a breach of the Quarantine Regulations. I suggest that these additional regulations be forwarded by the Sanitary Board for the approval of the Governor in Council and for their incorporation in the Quarantine Regulations of this colony, and I also suggest that the Board advise the Government of this colony to become a party to this Convention.\n\nDr. Jordan furnished the following report to the Principal Civil Medical Officer of Health re the Venice Plague Conference and medical inspection of shipping in Hongkong :—\n\n## Health Officer's Office.\n12th August, 1897.\n\nSir, Having studied carefully all the papers in connection with the above questions, I have now the honour to submit my report thereon and its applicability to the port of Hongkong.\n\nThe subject will be best put forward under two headings—(1) the application of the Venice Plague Conference to Hongkong, and (2) ...\n\nPage 558\nPage 568", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 368167, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]", "page_number": 576, "title": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]", "content_text": "# \n## (1), Views of the Venice Plague Conference\nThe points agreed to at this Conference were that there should be medical inspection of only those vessels coming from an infected port and that such port shall not be declared infected simply because there are two or three cases of an infectious disease present. So far this is exactly in accord with the practice carried on in this colony. The Conference requires that in the case of \"infected vessels\" the sick be landed and isolated and certain processes of disinfection carried out; both of these are done here. But, however, it is required that the remainder of those on board be subjected to \"observation\" or \"surveillance\" and that all passengers and crew from \"suspected\" vessels be subjected only to surveillance. To carry out a process of \"observation\" in this colony would mean that the ship be detained in quarantine for a period of ten days from the date of exposure of infection or of the occurrence of the last case of sickness. This would be reverting to the old days of quarantine with a vengeance and would create a great hue and cry from the shipping community. The only way to carry out \"observation\" is therefore the possession of an island, on which some 16,000 passengers can be accommodated and housed for 8 days or more at a time, as is done at Singapore, after which the vessel be disinfected and released. Unfortunately, no such means are available in Hongkong. The conclusion, therefore, is that \"observation\" is impracticable in Hongkong at present and will continue to be so until the above condition is available. The report of the Venice Conference states that Her Majesty's Government made the reservation \"that in the United Kingdom healthy persons shall not be subjected to observation i.e., detention, but only to medical supervision in their own homes, and further that even as regards infected ships, the imposition of observation is only inserted in the Convention as an alternative to surveillance, and surveillance is only permitted in the case of passengers and crew landing from suspected and healthy vessels.\" I consider it important to bear in mind these words of the report in dealing with the subject before us.\n\nThe question of the practical employment of surveillance next comes under consideration and will be best dealt with under the heading below.\n\n## (2)--Suggestions of the Medical Officers of Health\nThe first part of these \"suggestions\" embodies that all vessels from an infected port undergo medical inspection on arrival here and be granted pratique after the sick, if any, have been removed and the vessel disinfected. Thus far this is exactly the practice carried out to-day in this Colony to the very letter and no additional regulations are required for this. As soon as a port is declared infected, this is precisely what is done. Why there should be any hesitation by the Government in declaring any port infected, when once there is definite information of an epidemic disease prevailing, I do not see.\n\nThe next provision in the granting of free pratique in the suggestions (a) embodies that the names and addresses of all European, American, and Australian passengers should be given in order that they be subjected to a varying period of surveillance from 5 to 15 days. The number of such passengers being very small and being intelligent people to deal with, it is possible that this can be carried out and may be carried out if necessary. It must not, however, be forgotten that it is not the white population from whom the chief danger comes to Hongkong, but the native and Asiatic section. An occasional case of smallpox, it is true, occurs among the white community, but very rarely any other disease.\n\n(b). Under this heading, the Medical Officer of Health wants Asiatics and Africans similarly to furnish their names and addresses of destination and be subjected to medical surveillance for a like period, but further \"each one must in addition furnish a reliable surety in the colony who shall guarantee in writing to the extent of $50 that such person will continue to reside at the address given by him for a period of not less than ten days.\"\n\nThis suggestion really seems to be too ridiculous to be seriously dealt with. The Medical Officer of Health must be absolutely ignorant of the conditions of the local immigration taking place in the colony to-day, or he would never have penned such a statement. I wonder how many of the 2,300 passengers daily coming into the colony could find such a reliable surety resident in the colony? I have no hesitation in stating that not more than one or two per cent of such passengers could be found. Many of those passengers have never been in the colony before and many are returning after years of absence en route to their homes in the heart of China, and probably do not know a soul in Hongkong. For the information of the Medical Officer of Health, I may state that practically the whole of this larger number, excepting a few from Singapore and America, are men who have scarcely 50 cents in their pockets and much less able to find a security of $50. Further, if they were able to find such security, is the height of improbability that they would ever come to this colony. Again, by far the majority of those who come to this colony, do not know where they are going to reside. One has only to watch the scramble which takes place when a steamer enters this port, by the native coolie-house runners bargaining with the passengers, to know how utterly impossible it is for them to give their addresses. Again, whether they will remain one or ten days in the colony, it is impossible for them to know; it depends on whether they can get a contract to be sent to Singapore, Saigon, or any other port and how soon they get this. Then comes the question of medical surveillance of these passengers. Let us take for example that Canton and Macao are plague-infected. We have a daily average of 1,400 passengers according to the Harbour Master's Report. These men must be ten days under surveillance; therefore, at the end of this period, we would have 14,000 passengers to be kept under surveillance, assuming that they have given correct names and addresses. Does the M.O.H. mean to say for a moment that he can keep those 14,000 passengers under control for this purpose while in the colony? Who is to identify men onshore as being the same as those recently landed from the ships? The Police Force and Sanitary Inspectors would have to be more than quadrupled to do so, even if then it was practicable. I have taken very low figures, but what if Amoy or Swatow had plague at the same time, or again what if the epidemic was small-pox in Canton, we would have an accumulation of 15 days' passengers, meaning some 20,000 and more to be under medical surveillance. It really seems waste of time to argue this point any further. The Captain Superintendent of Police, who knows the colony, realised this at once when he stated in his minute to the Sanitary Board Circular (C.S.O. 974), referring to this subject, \"that the supervision of passengers landed from an infected port is impossible here.\" I submit, therefore, that the question of medical surveillance of all passengers landed in Hongkong is under present conditions an absolute impossibility and ridiculous even on superficial examination.\n\nThe main point treated by the Medical Officer of Health is that \"in the event of the required surety for any one passenger brought into the harbour from an infected port not forthcoming, the vessel will not be granted pratique.\" Therefore, the vessel, without discharging her cargo, must return to the port whence she came with this one passenger who could not find a surety resident in the colony for $50. I wonder what would be the effect to-morrow of informing the shipping firms that such a course had been adopted.\n\nPage 559\nPage 569", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 368168, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]", "page_number": 577, "title": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]", "content_text": "# 500\n\nadopted by the Government. I do not hesitate in saying that the whole shipping community would rise in a body and appeal to the Secretary of State, while resisting it to the utmost here. A civil war would scarcely be an exaggerated state of the case. Again, I have already shown that not more than one or two per cent. of the Chinese immigrants could furnish this surety. It would therefore mean a complete stoppage of the entire immigration of the colony. I submit, therefore, that it would not take long to ruin the colony if such an absurd proposition were adopted.\n\nWith reference to this question of medical inspection of all vessels, the Medical Officer of Health has made, in various parts of these papers, statements which I cannot allow to pass unchallenged, inasmuch as I consider some of them quite wrong and others very liable to mislead and create a false and unnecessary alarm.\n\n(a). The Cheang Hok Kian case. There is an attempt to create a panic by alluding to \"the great danger to the colony that would have accrued\" had any one of these 50 coolies who landed from the `Cheang Hok Kian` found his way to one of the water reservoirs or filter beds while suffering from cholera.\" In the first place, perhaps Dr. Clark is not aware that each one of those 50 coolies was examined prior to landing and showed no trace of disease. But for the sake of argument, if we assume that each one of these 50 coolies was suffering from cholera at the time, does Dr. Clark mean for a moment to say that these men were going to leave their sick beds to go out to Pokfolum, Tytam or Bowen Road filter beds, or other places. Has Dr. Clark seen a case of cholera? If he has, I am sure he would not suggest such a thing which to my mind is the height of impossibility, to say the least of it. A cholera patient is not only disinclined to leave his bed, but is mostly unable to do so, much less to go for a chair ride or walk to these sources of water supply. The above statement made by the M.O.H. is calculated to create a gross and false alarm and bias the mind of anyone unacquainted with the subject. It is more than likely that every one of those coolies who landed left Hongkong within 12 hours of their arrival for Canton, inasmuch as they were returned immigrants from Singapore on their way to their homes in China. Even if the medical inspection of all vessels was in force, these men would have landed all the same under surveillance, i.e., with the only difference of having given a name and address, which whether false or correct, would only be proved later on. A very exaggerated idea of the danger the colony has escaped exists in the mind of the M.O.H., whereas such danger was infinitesimal, if not nil. And certainly, this case cannot be used as an argument for the medical inspection of all vessels.\n\n(b). In his minute to the Sanitary Board on the Quarantine Regulations, the M.O.H. states that what is urgently required is the appointment of an additional Medical Officer of the Port,\" and, again, that \"this is not the class of work a medical man would care to take up permanently,\" and yet he says that \"no difficulty would be experienced in getting good men at a salary ranging from $130 and quarters for a period of three years.\" I wonder if Dr. Clark would have come out at this salary for a period of three years. I think it is impossible to get good men at such a nominal salary, or if they did come out under a wrong impression, they would resign in a month.\n\n(c). Dr. Clark thinks that these two medical men working each 5 hours a day could accomplish the Herculean task of medically inspecting all vessels, of doing the same to all junks and boats coming from different ports, and of attending to the emigration from the colony. From the Harbour Master's Report, I find that the daily average of emigrants is 2,300, of crews coming into the port 1,288, and of crews of total grants leaving the colony 593; making a total of 4,281 men to be examined daily. Allowing the highest possible figure per minute for inspection—and a very poor inspection at that—viz., 3 men per minute, by simple arithmetic, we have nearly 24 hours' constant work without a moment's delay of any kind. Everything must go like clock-work; not a minute must be lost in going from one ship to another, not a minute can the poor medical officer get for a morsel of food or a drink of water. Work! Nothing but work from daylight to dark! This is the \"reductio ad absurdum\" of the proposition. It therefore wants at least four medical officers to do the proposed work. Probably there is no port in the world with such stupendous figures for immigration and emigration. The port of London, which has nothing like the figures of Hongkong, has, I think, four medical officers doing the work and are further assisted by the Customs officers.\n\n(d). Finally, the Medical Officer of Health says the expenditure on launch and crew would not exceed that incurred at present.\" The Harbour Master has shown that it would be essential to have two inspecting stations, one at each end of the harbour; therefore, the medical officer duty at each station would entail business to go from ship to another. Thus, we have two launches. But a third would be required for the medical officer doing emigration duty, as there are very often three and four ships leaving the colony of a morning and requiring to be inspected for the passengers. So that we want three launches as a total and minimum, and such was actually the case in the epidemic of 1894 in Hongkong when there were four medical officers and three launches at work. Again, in the draft \"Suggested Additional Quarantine Regulations,\" the following appears: \"Provided always that when any vessel is not visited by a health officer within a period of 18 hours from the time of her arrival in the colony,\" then the vessel may come up to her anchorage and land her passengers. The M.O.H. evidently thinks that a vessel may under his scheme be detained as long as 19 hours and even then not be examined. He is a little inconsistent here. Imagine the result if the English mail was detained 18 hours in the harbour for nothing, not even the pleasure of a visit from a medical officer. The ship has lost by this at least $500 in wages alone. It would not take the P. and O. Co. and other shipping firms very long to be up in arms.\n\nIn conclusion, I submit that a series of more unpractical suggestions than those put forward by the Medical Officer of Health it is scarcely possible to conceive and could only have been put forward by one quite unacquainted with the ways and means of the immigration, emigration, and shipping of the colony generally. Further, I beg to submit (1) that this colony cannot at present adhere in its entirety to the articles of the Venice Convention; (2) that it is impossible to have a medical inspection of all vessels without a very heavy increase in the cost to the Government; (3) Medical surveillance is impracticable in this colony.\n\nThe only practical deduction is that a neighbouring port having an epidemic disease prevailing should be unhesitatingly proclaimed infected and medical inspection necessarily follows; the sick from any infected vessel removed to hospital as speedily as possible, the healthy allowed to go free, and the vessel thoroughly disinfected and released. Further, let the sanitation of the colony be perfected as speedily as possible and a regular and rigorous sanitary inspection of houses be maintained with a thorough enforcement of all sanitary regulations applying thereto and epidemic diseases will not gain a hold in the colony, even though an occasional case may be imported from shipping. This, the foundation and root on which the Sanitary Commissioners from Her Majesty's Government to the Venice Conference stood and which was the background of all their arguments.\n\n- I have the honour to be, sir, your most obedient servant,\n**G. P. JORDON**, \nHealth Officer of the Port.\n\n- \n**Dr. J. M. Atkinson, P.C.M.O.**\n\n# 550\n\n# 570", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 368170, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]", "page_number": 579, "title": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]", "content_text": "# The following minutes were also appended:\n\nThe Captain Superintendent of Police--I think medical inspection of all vessels arriving in the colony is not justified by past experience and therefore not necessary.\n\n\"Surveillance\" of Asiatics landed from infected ports is in this colony almost impossible. I think our present system has worked well and should be adhered to.\n\nThe Acting Director of Public Works-It appears to me that the medical inspection of all vessels arriving here is practicable, though no doubt there are considerable difficulties in carrying it out. I take it that it is not sufficient to inspect merely the passengers but that every person on board must undergo inspection. I am referring to the native craft more particularly. If this is so, then there are over 12,000 persons arriving at Aberdeen and Shankiwan in the course of a year. It is in the inspection of the native craft that the difficulty lies, in my opinion. The inspection is in great measure a question of expense.\n\nThe President-The Regulations of the Local Government Board, upon the consideration of which the motion of April 8th was made, refer only to infected ships and those suspected of being infected, and not to all shipping.\n\nA discussion ensued.\n\nThe PRESIDENT-The mass of papers includes correspondence concerning the medical inspection of shipping and also the report of the International Flag Conference held in Venice in the spring of this year, which was sent round to the Board for its consideration. With reference to the medical inspection of shipping, that originated, I think, with the transmission by the Local Government Board of a series of regulations dealing with plague, cholera, and small-pox in the ports of the United Kingdom. These were likewise sent round to the Board for its consideration and at a meeting held on the 8th April last the President moved that it was desirable to establish in this colony the medical inspection of shipping. I have gone over these regulations carefully and it appears to me that the members must have misread them. The regulations refer, not to all shipping entering the ports of the United Kingdom, but to infected ships or those suspected of being infected. I think you will find that is so if you refer to Part 1 of these regulations.\n\nAll these regulations are practically carried out in this colony under the present system with this difference, that the Customs officer does not first board the vessels. The boarding officer, who, I take it, practically corresponds to the Customs officer, visits the ship, but he does not put the questions which are put at home with reference to the existence of infectious diseases on board. Part 2 of the regulations says that the officer of the Customs shall, on the arrival of any ship from a foreign port, visit the ship and ascertain as far as possible whether such ship is infected. The question he puts is: \"Has any case or suspected case of cholera, yellow fever, or plague occurred during the voyage?\" An answer is given and if such a case has occurred it is the duty of the Customs officer to order the ship to be moored in a certain spot, which here would be the quarantine anchorage, and he has to acquaint the Medical Officer of Health, who visits the ship and proceeds in the usual manner by isolating the sick, disinfecting the ship, and following out the procedure recommended in these regulations.\n\nThat is what is practically carried out here, the difference being this. The boarding officer visits every ship that arrives in this colony. He enquires for particulars wished for at the Harbour Master's office and also ascertains if there are any cases of infectious diseases on board and if there are he orders the ship into the quarantine anchorage. But he does not report to the Medical Officer of Health.\n\nThe Chamber of Commerce admitted in a letter which they have written in connection with this subject the desirability of the medical inspection of vessels from infected ports. That is all done here. Why there should be any hesitation by the Government in declaring a port infected when there is definite knowledge of the prevalence of a disease at such and such a place I cannot understand. A port must of necessity be proclaimed by the Government before ships can be examined.\n\nTheoretically, the inspection of all ships is perhaps a desideratum in that it may prevent the importation of a few cases. I say \"few\" because during the ten years' experience I have had here I do not think there have been more than twelve cases in any one year that have come to the hospital from ships entering the harbour. I have been through the records and I do not think there have been more than twelve. Theoretically, I say, the inspection of all ships is to be desired, but is the necessary interference to trade which would follow so small as to make the inspection justifiable? The Harbour Master states that it would be necessary to have two receiving stations, one at either end of the harbour. Each receiving station would require a staff to maintain it, and I certainly think, taking into consideration the number of passengers that daily arrive here, the number of crews that daily arrive, and the number of emigrants that daily leave, that at least three medical officers would be required to carry out this if it is intended that all ships shall be examined on arrival. If three medical officers are required three steam launches would be required. I say three because there would have to be one at either station and there would also have to be another to examine emigrants on board the ships.\n\nBut still, I do not know that we need consider the expense, which is a matter for the Government to decide upon. When medical inspection of all shipping was enforced here, namely, during the plague epidemic of 1894, all junks and even river boats were examined by four or five doctors, and I am informed that not one case of plague was detected on board the ships or junks. Chinamen are not likely to travel when they are ill and I suppose that is why no cases were found. Smallpox and plague are practically the only cases we have to consider. Smallpox occurs every winter and I take it we shall be more or less liable to plague in years to come, as the disease is evidently in the place and cannot be eradicated without improved sanitation for probably ten years. Cleanliness must be promoted, overcrowding prevented, and other sanitary measures adopted so that there will be no opportunity for the germs to grow.\n\nTalking of smallpox, I would mention here the desirability of urging upon the Government to order the periodical disinfection of pawnbrokers' shops. The attention of the Government has been drawn to this question more than once, and it is undoubtedly because of the old clothes that are kept in these shops that some of the infectious germs are in our midst.\n\nI consider that the present system of inspecting ships is well adapted for local requirements as it avoids delay in the departure of ships leaving for Singapore and America. With regard to the Venice Commission, I think we may recommend the Government to adhere generally to the convention, but we cannot do so in its entirety as surveillance is practically impossible in this colony. To subject passengers and crews of infected ships to a period of ten days' quarantine means that some quarantine station similar to that at Singapore for the housing of thousands of persons would be necessary, as there may be three or four ships arriving from infected ports in our immediate vicinity. I am informed there is no place near the colony where such a station could be erected.\n\nWith regard to surveillance, I do not see how it can be carried out where two or three thousand passengers are arriving daily. Presuming that we had plague at Canton, I do not see how so many passengers as come from there could be inspected and for such a one to find a surety, as the Medical Officer suggested, that they would remain at a certain address for a given time. I do not see how such numbers could be managed. So that I think surveillance is practically impossible in this colony.\n\nWith regard to infected ships--by that I mean ships arriving with disease on board, say with plague on board--we should have to deal with each one individually, not having any quarantine station for the incubation of the disease, whatever it might be.\n\nI thought it better to place these views before you, but of course I shall be very pleased to hear any member if he has anything... \n\nPage 552 \nPage 562 \n-552 \nPage 572", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 368172, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]", "page_number": 581, "title": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]", "content_text": "## Meeting Minutes\n\ntlements and I think that would not be the case if it only applied to European ports.\n\nAfter some conversation respecting the resolutions, the **PRESIDENT** said - With reference to the inspection of shipping, it is the duty of the captain of any vessel to proceed to the quarantine anchorage.\n\nThe **MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH** - It cannot be proved that he has a knowledge of infectious diseases.\n\nThe **PRESIDENT** - Therefore, I do not think it is any good recommending action by the Government that cannot be followed up. It is no good recommending the Government to carry out the recommendations of the Venice conference because there is no quarantine station here where we can keep 500 or 600 people for ten days. The alternative system of surveillance is, I think, an impracticable one, and I move as an amendment - \"That a letter be addressed to the Colonial Secretary advising that (a) the medical inspection of the shipping in this colony be carried on as at present, but that to bring the practice here more into accord with that at home, Part 2 of the Regulations issued by the Local Government Board be incorporated, as far as practicable, into the present Quarantine Regulations, an officer of Police or of the Harbour Department being substituted for an officer of Customs, (b) To prevent any unnecessary delay in the signing of bills of health, examination of emigrants to America and Singapore, Dr. Jordan's assistant be appointed Deputy Health Officer during such time he is his assistant. (c) The next incumbent of the post of the Health Officer of the Port to devote the whole of his time to the duties of the post.\"\n\nThe **MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH** - I am content that if you say that every vessel entering the harbour shall be boarded by somebody and a declaration given by an officer before the ship communicates with the shore. That is done at home and it works very satisfactorily.\n\nThe **PRESIDENT** - If you agree to this amendment, Dr. Clark, will you withdraw your original motion? I am quite willing for the minutes and the whole of the correspondence to be forwarded to the Government.\n\nThe **MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH** - I would sooner the Government gave its decision. The Chamber of Commerce might decide which of the alternatives is preferable.\n\nThe **PRESIDENT** then read his amendments, and after some conversation respecting the last two paragraphs of the amendment,\n\nThe **CAPTAIN SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE** said - I beg to second your amendment, and in doing so, I would say that I do not think any necessity has been shown for any such radical change in the medical inspection of vessels arriving in the port as has been suggested in the original resolution. The great point about the practice at home is undoubtedly the surveillance, which of course presents an enormous difficulty here, and Dr. Clark has suggested that it might be got over by a system of guarantee. In the first place, as you have pointed out, the enormous number of passengers arriving in this colony renders the putting into effect of that system of guarantee one of great difficulty. I do not believe that it could be successfully carried out myself, but in any case, I think it has escaped Dr. Clark's attention that the guarantee system could be very easily avoided. It could be put into effect only against an infected port. Take the port of Swatow, against which we issued a proclamation only this year. The coolies went from there to Canton, transhipped, and came on here by the Canton steamer and laughed up their sleeves at the Hongkong Government. If you enforced the guarantee system against Swatow, they would do the same thing and escape. Therefore, I do not think the system would work, and I beg to second the amendment. I think, with some slight matters which you have suggested, that the existing system of medical inspection is good enough for Hongkong for some time to come.\n\nThe amendment was then put. The President and the Captain Superintendent of Police voted for it, and the Acting Director of Public Works and the Medical Officer of Health voted against it. The President gave his casting vote in favour of the amendment, which was therefore carried.\n\nThe **PRESIDENT** - With reference to the Venice Convention, I think it was understood that probably some of the colonies might not adhere to it, because in the Secretary of State's letter, he said Her Majesty's Government had agreed that the convention shall, after ratification, apply at once to India and the Straits Settlements, but not to any other British colony or possession, unless its adhesion is notified to the Italian Government within a year from the date of ratification. The Government hoped, however, that the colonies generally would adhere to the convention. As the local conditions are such that it is impracticable for a system of surveillance to be carried on, I propose \"That a letter be addressed to the Colonial Secretary advising the Government that this colony cannot adhere in its entirety with the convention as there is no quarantine station here where passengers and crews of infected ships can be kept under observation,\" and that the alternative surveillance is impracticable here owing to local conditions and the great numbers of the coolie traffic.\n\nThe **CAPTAIN SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE** - I beg to second.\n\nOnly the mover and seconder voted for the motion, which was carried by the casting vote of the President.\n\n## MORTALITY STATISTICS\n\nFor the week ended 31st July, the death rate was 23.8 per 1,000 per annum, as against 17 for the corresponding period of last year; for the week ended 7th August, the rate was 17.4, as against 21.5, and for the week ended 14th August, the rate was 25.1, as against 18.3.\n\n## ADJOURNMENT\n\nThe Board then adjourned until Thursday week.\n\nPage 581 \nPage 554 \nPage 18 \nPage 574", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 370675, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-290 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [1-4]", "page_number": 276, "title": "CO129-290 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [1-4]", "content_text": "# CHINA OVERLAND TRADE REPORT.\n\nJanuary 19, 1898.\n\nthat the Justices of the Peace will do their duty in the matter and, having commenced the campaign against the sale of injurious liquor, will carry it through to a successful issue.\n\n## ENGLISH TEACHING FOR HONG-KONG CHINESE,\n\n27% \n\n## THE FUTURE OF KOREA,\n\n(13th January.)\n\nWe are still without any definite confirmation of the reported agreement between Great Britain, Russia, and Japan with reference to China and Korea, but the opinion appears to be generally entertained that the trouble is over. If it be correct that the British Government is going to lend money to China direct, it may be assumed that British influence will make itself felt in the administration of the Empire, though without the assumption of any formal protectorate or absolute control. The problem in that direction would be comparatively easy of solution when once the international jealousies had been cleared away. The Chinese Government, though powerless to repel attack from without, possesses sufficient strength to preserve order in the various provinces, and with the guidance of foreign advice would be able to consolidate its authority, provide a decent administration, and in course of time to establish an efficient army and navy. The granting of financial assistance by Great Britain implies that China is to be allowed to avail herself of such advice. But what about Korea, with its wretched government and chronic rebellions? Bad as is the administration in China, it is vastly superior to that of Korea, And it is difficult to see how order is to be maintained in the latter country, or foreign interests to be protected, without some measure of direct foreign control. And who is to exercise that control? If Russia and Japan would consent to withdraw in favour of England, the solution would no doubt be eminently satisfactory from our own point of view, but it can hardly be expected that the other Powers will look at it in the same light. Possibly the settlement may take the form of a tripartite control, England, Russia, and Japan being equally represented. That may turn out to be the only possible solution of the difficulty, but it is one that can hardly fail to lead to further difficulties in the future. The joint control of Egypt by France and England broke down, and a joint control in Korea would almost inevitably prove equally unstable. So far we have had no indication of what Lord SALISBURY's policy in the matter may be.\n\n## SIR THOMAS SUTHERLAND AND THE SHIPPING CONFERENCE,\n\nThat hardy annual, the subject of teaching the Chinese to speak English, was again in evidence at the distribution of prizes at Sir THOMAS SUTHERLAND'S speeches at the Queen's College on Friday last, when Sir JOHN CARMINGTON was the orator of the occasion. Far be it from us to depreciate the importance of teaching English to the Chinese, especially so, as Sir THOMAS dealt with the important and vexed question of the Shipping Conference. There is also a reference to Hongkong, to the disposal of the Company's property in this colony, and to the revolution which has passed over the business of steamship companies since the opening of the Suez Canal. The Shipping Conference, however, was the main subject dealt with, and it must be admitted that the speaker made a remarkably able and effective defence of the general principle involved, viz., that of combination amongst steamship owners, though he did not dispose of all the complaints of shippers. It was shown that regular lines could not be maintained without some agreement amongst themselves as to rates. To that the shipper can hardly object, for though his interest is in favour of low charges, he must recognise the shipowners' right to a profit and be prepared to pay for the greater regularity of communication which the established lines afford over tramp steamers. But what is objected to is the preferential treatment accorded to the Conference lines in competition with the outsider ships from British ports, and it is on that point that Sir THOMAS SUTHERLAND'S speech will be subjected to the closest scrutiny. Dealing with the freight on iron and iron materials, which form the chief export from Antwerp, it was stated that some time ago there was great struggle between certain German lines which brought the freight down to 10s. a ton or even lower. When the P. & O. Company found that this cut-throat competition was not to be an affair of days or weeks, but that it was pretty sure to continue until one of the German lines swallowed up the other, they lowered the freight at Middlesbrough from 15s. to 10s., or whatever the rate was from Antwerp, and he believed their example was followed in Liverpool and the rate similarly reduced there. If that course was always followed there would be no cause of complaint. But the inquiry instituted by Mr. CHAMBERLAIN with reference to the trade of British colonies and foreign competition brought to light several instances in which foreign trade received the benefit of preferential freights. The Hongkong Committee drew attention to the fact that the rates of freight on piece goods charged at that time by the Conference steamers from New York to Hongkong and Shanghai averaged from 25s. to 30s. per ton as compared with 57s. 6d. from London and Liverpool. At Cape Colony also it was stated that freight was the main factor in letting in the United States, 22s. 6d. per ton being charged for furniture from New York and 31s. 3d. to 33s. 6d. from London. Even if differences such as these exist only for a time they must nevertheless exercise a considerable influence while they last and give the foreigner an opportunity of securing a footing in markets that were previously supplied from Great Britain.\n\nAt the same time it is as well to recognise that when a person goes to one of Her Majesty's foreign dominions populated by native races he cannot reasonably expect to find English the common language of the people, is it? In India and the Straits Settlements the European population find it convenient to learn the native language in order to be able to communicate with their servants and tradesmen, and were the Chinese language less difficult no doubt the same course would be adopted in Hongkong; but as Chinese is not a language that can be picked up, and as few can afford the time and large expenditure of effort requisite for its systematic study, we have to get on as best we can with the aid of \"pidgin\" English or the aid of interpreters.\n\nThe wonder is, having regard to the character of the population, that English will carry a person through as well as it does. Every Englishman of course hopes for the time when English will be the universal language, and it is the duty of a colony situated as Hongkong is, on the borders of an empire numbering over three hundred million, to do its best to bring about that desired consummation; but the Chief Justice says that when he came to the colony, about twenty months ago, he was very much struck with the general ignorance of the English language which prevails among the Chinese population of Hongkong. Having given a number of instances of this ignorance, His Honour said, \"Now this is a strange state of things, and we look to Queen's College to remedy this state of things.\" But there is in reality nothing at all strange about it. We have in Hong Kong but a very small indigenous population, the great bulk of the inhabitants being persons born in China who have never had the opportunity of learning English even if they had the inclination. Of the 201,528 of Chinese land population enumerated at the census taken last year only 9,033 returned themselves as having been born in Hongkong, and a still smaller number, namely, 1,523, acknowledged the colony as their native place. Taking an outside estimate, therefore, hardly more than five per cent. of the population can have come under the influence of our local educational agencies. Small wonder, then, that the bulk of the population are unable to speak English. If Queen's College were required to remedy this state of things it would have to establish branch schools in all the towns and villages of the province of Kwangtung, from which the population is chiefly drawn. But even if the alien character of the population were less pronounced than it is we still fail to see that there would be cause for surprise in the fact that the majority can speak only their own language.\n\n## THE SANITARY BOARD AND OBSTRUCTIONS IN LANES.\n\nAt the meeting of the Sanitary Board on Thursday there was considered an application for the renewal of a lease of Crown land in Lan Kwai Fong Lane. The application had been referred to the Sanitary Board because the property affected obstructs the entrance to the lane, access to which is gained by an archway under the house. The Medical Officer of Health opposed the granting of the application, and was supported by Mr. EDE, whereas the Director of Public Works proposed that the lease be extended as an annual lease so long as the lane continues in its present position and the houses are not raised higher. The Hon. F. H. MAY, who presided, seconded the Hon. R. D. ORMSBY'S amendment, but, the Board being equally divided, declined to give a casting vote, and the question, so far as the Sanitary Board is concerned, is thus left open. The Government really is, but it appears clear that some very definite line has been laid down, and much curiosity must be felt as to its character. The circumstances of Korea are radically different from those of China and call for different treatment.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-290 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 373533, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12]", "page_number": 263, "title": "CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12]", "content_text": "34471\n\nRECO\n\nRed 11 0 99\n\n230\n\nNo. 310.\n\nGovernment House, Hongkong, 6th November, 1899.\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to submit for your information the following result of inquiries on the subject of the effect of Shipping combinations upon British Trade.\n\n2. The following Steamship Companies have for many years past, formed themselves into a Conference which entirely controls the European Shipping Trade.\n\nThe Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, North German Lloyd, Messageries Maritimes, Glen Line, Ben Line, Shire Line, Holte Line, Japanese Mail, and China Mutual,\n\nThe Right Honourable JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN, M.P. &c. &c. &c.\n\nThere", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 375216, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-297 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [1-3]", "page_number": 43, "title": "CO129-297 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [1-3]", "content_text": "HONGKONG, January 6th, 1900.\n\nEnclosure.\n\nBRITISH shipowners going out of business!\n\nA large and valuable overseas carrying trade for sale on easy terms to foreigners, in lots to suit purchasers!! Is this quite as it ought to be? In the last annual Consular report (1898) from Bangkok Mr. CARLISLE says:- \"By far the most interesting though not the most pleasant event of recent years to British shipping at this port has occurred during the present year 1899, and although, therefore, not strictly within the limits of this summary, it must perforce be referred to here. Messrs. ALFRED HOLT AND Co., of Liverpool, have sold their East Indian Ocean Steamship Line, numbering eleven steamers, and including all those running between Singapore and Bangkok, and Singapore and Borneo, to a German syndicate, said to be composed of the North German Lloyd Steamship Company, Messrs. BEHN MEYER, of Singapore, and Messrs. WINDSOR AND Co., of Bangkok, though the exact composition of it has not been published authoritatively.\n\nThis will make a reduction of nearly 33 per cent. in the British shipping at this port, and the figures for British and German shipping entered will, ceteris paribus, stand at 266 and 161 respectively instead of 396 and 31 at present. British residents at both ports are naturally somewhat taken aback by this sweeping change, and feel rather disappointed that the only regular line between Siam and Singapore should no longer be under the British flag.\" The Scottish Oriental Line, running between Hongkong and Bangkok, has now gone the way of the Singapore and Bangkok steamers and the respective positions of British and German shipping at Bangkok will be completely reversed, German shipping standing at the head with British a very bad second.\n\nConsider what this means. Politically the influence of Great Britain in Siam will be proportionately diminished and that of Germany increased, with a corresponding loss of prestige to Great Britain. Commercially it means not only that the immediate profit of the steamers will be diverted from British to foreign accounts, but that a large number of British employés will, after a brief interval, be replaced by foreigners, the stores will be obtained from German instead of British sources, and when new steamers are required for the line their construction will afford employment to foreign instead of to British artisans. And what has already happened to a couple of British shipping concerns is not unlikely to happen to others.\n\nUnder the insidious influence of the Shipping Conference foreign competition is fostered until it is in a position to buy up the British branch lines; and if British concerns are willing to sell - it will pay our foreign competitors, politically and commercially, to pay the price asked. If the process goes on we may see the main lines also transferred, and in the course of years, when the shipping entering the port of Hongkong has increased perhaps tenfold, the British red ensign may be as rare a sight in our harbour as it is at Sandakan, which is now entirely dependent on German shipping for its communications.\n\nNo one expects to find patriotism in trade. As has been well said, trade follows the price list rather than the flag; and pounds, shillings and pence being the only consideration recognised, no one can blame any individual British shipowner who sells his business to foreigners when he finds it to his interest to do so. The public may well ask, however, whether there must not be something wrong with a system which fosters such transfers. Is it our shipping laws that are at fault or the law of conspiracy as applied to such combinations as the Shipping Conference? Is it right that capitalists who for the time being happen to control important national interests should be allowed to sacrifice them in order to put a profit of a few thousand pounds into their own pockets?\n\nNo one can deny that our shipping trade is a great national interest. If we allow ourselves to be bought out of it and the British flag disappears from the seas, what permanent recompense could the nation find in the immediate profit realised? Political economy may tell us that there must be no interference with free trade, and that shipowners must be allowed to sell their business if they find it to their personal interest to do so, but political economy gives us only the result of past experience and supplies no exact principles upon which new conditions can be dealt with. This buying out of Britishers from the shipping trade in which they have hitherto been pre-eminent is an entirely new condition and calls for earnest consideration with a view to preventing its further spread.\n\nThe transfers of British lines of steamers to a foreign flag that have already taken place in the Far East constitute a much more serious though less sensational reverse to the British nation than the recent military checks in South Africa that have so thrilled the nation. They mean that we are being whipped in trade and have been permanently ousted from positions we formerly held unchallenged.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour most obedient\n\nhumble servant,\n\nHenry Aslake,\n\nGovernor.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-297 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 375600, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-297 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [1-3]", "page_number": 427, "title": "CO129-297 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [1-3]", "content_text": "Gar\n\n8102\n\nHung Kang\n\n425\n\nDRAFT.\n\nMr.\n\nSunday\n\nThe Assistant\n\nMinute Dept.\n\nMINUTE. 17 April\n\nMr. Antrobus.\n\nMr. Co.\n\nMr. Lucas.\n\nMr. Graham.\n\nMr. E. Wingfield.\n\nEarl of Selborne.\n\nMr. Chamberlain,\n\n'7\n\nAud13533\n\nSin\n\nInd\n\n19 April\n\nWith reference to the eighth paragraph of the letter from this Office of the 11th instant, enclosing copy of a despatch from the Governor of Hong Kong, transmitting the Shipping Conference Agreement, 1899, of that Colony,\n\nI am directed by Mr. Secretary Chamberlain to...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-297 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 385183, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]", "page_number": 423, "title": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]", "content_text": "losure 2.\n\nJamare\n\n422\n\nhis opinion that deepening and dredging the harbour, though it would have to be taken in hand before long, was not at present a necessity to Merchant Shipping, I invited the Vice-Admiral to meet some of the Officers of the Government and myself at a conference, in order that the subject might be thoroughly discussed and a voluminous correspondence avoided.\n\nI attach a copy of the minutes taken at this conference, from which it will be seen that the necessity of undertaking some extensive and probably continuous operations of the nature suggested was fully acknowledged on both sides, but that it was by no means clear that the necessity was at the present time so urgent as to justify immediate provision being made for so costly a work.\n\n3.\n\nAs advised at the conference, a letter was addressed to the Chamber of Commerce, in which the British Members of that body were invited to give the Government the benefit of their advice on the general question, and to state whether, in the event of any scheme for dredging the harbour being undertaken by the Colony, the Chamber would support the Government in imposing such additional tax on shipping as might be necessary to provide the funds required for such an undertaking.\n\n4.\n\nThe Chamber of Commerce, in replying to this letter on the 24th March last, stated that the British Members of the Committee were unanimously of opinion that no dredging was required at present so far as the Mercantile Shipping was concerned, and that if it should at some future time become necessary they would earnestly deprecate any idea of", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 393767, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-324 - Governor Nathan - 1904 [10-12]", "page_number": 328, "title": "CO129-324 - Governor Nathan - 1904 [10-12]", "content_text": "Confidential.\n\nSir,\n\nC.O. 42136\n\n327\n\n1 DEC 04. Colonial Secretary's Office,\n\nHongkong, 8th September, 1904.\n\nI am directed to transmit to you for the consideration of the Chamber of Commerce the enclosed copy of a Despatch from His Majesty's Ambassador at Paris giving cover to an international Sanitary Convention drafted at a Conference held at Paris in November and December last, together with copy of the Report of the British Delegates at the Conference.\n\nI am also to enclose translation of the principal clauses of the Draft Convention.\n\n2.\n\nThe principal advantage that would accrue to this Colony by joining the new Convention would flow from the reduction of the incubation period of Plague from 10 days (as under the existing Convention) to five days.\n\nThe results of this reduction are set out in the first paragraph of Section E of the report of the British Delegates.\n\nIt is obvious that such reduction would greatly benefit shipping frequenting this Port.\n\n3.\n\nOn the other hand the only provisions of the Convention, compliance with which presents difficulties, are the following:-\n\nDestruction of Rats: Under Part I Chapter II Section 8 and Articles 21 (6) 22, 23, 24 (1 & 2).\n\nThis question is discussed on page 8 of the Report.\n\nThe Secretary,\n\nChamber of Commerce.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-324 - Governor Nathan - 1904 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 395344, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904", "page_number": 681, "title": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904", "content_text": "2\n\nrecognize as valid, any decisions inconsistent with these principles, or otherwise not in conformity with the recognized principles of international law which might be given by the Russian Prize Courts. It will doubtless be within the recollection of your Chamber that this statement was publicly reiterated both by Lord Lansdowne in the House of Lords and by the Prime Minister in the House of Commons on the 11th August last.\n\nIt is proper, however, to observe that a decision of a Prize Court must be understood to mean, not merely the decision of a Court of First Instance, such as those established at Vladivostock, Libau, and elsewhere, but that of the Supreme Admiralty Council at St. Petersburgh, to which appeal lies from the inferior Courts, just as, in this country, appeal lies from the finding of a Vice-Admiralty Court to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, and the usual legal remedies should as a rule be exhausted before diplomatic intervention can properly be invoked.\n\nWith regard to the question of coal and the other articles of fuel enumerated in paragraph 8 of Rule 6, His Majesty's Government represented that the treatment of this article by Russia as unconditionally contraband was diametrically opposed to the declaration made by the Russian Plenipotentiary at the West African Conference held at Berlin in 1884, who stated that his instructions were peremptory, and that his Government refused categorically to consent to any Treaty, Convention, or Declaration of any kind which would imply the recognition of coal as contraband of war. His Majesty's Government accordingly urged that, like food-stuffs, coal should only be regarded as contraband when it was clearly intended for use by the military or naval forces of the enemy, and not merely because it was consigned for innocent or commercial purposes to private traders in the enemy country.\n\nHis Majesty's Ambassador at St. Petersburgh has also urged upon the Russian Government the unfairness of treating raw cotton as unconditionally contraband. He has pointed out that the quantity of this article which might be utilized for the manufacture of explosives would be infinitesimal in comparison with the bulk of raw cotton exported from India and elsewhere to Japan for peaceful purposes, and that to treat harmless cargoes of this latter description as unconditionally contraband would amount to subjecting a branch of innocent commerce, which is specially important in the Far East, to a most unwarrantable interference.\n\nThe Russian Government have met all these representations, as well as others which His Majesty's Government and that of the United States have thought proper to address to them, in a conciliatory manner, and it is satisfactory that they should have conceded one of the most important principles for which His Majesty's Government have contended, viz., that rice and provisions, mentioned in paragraph 10 of Rule 6, as well as articles not enumerated in paragraphs 1 to 9, but which may be put to warlike use, will henceforth be regarded only as conditionally contraband, according to the use to which they are to be applied. The onus of proof in such cases would lie with the captor, but it would obviously be in the interests of the owner to be prepared with evidence sufficient to displace any prima facie case which might be made against them. It is understood that Russian Naval Commanders have been recently furnished with supplementary instructions, which His Majesty's Government have every reason to believe will be interpreted in a liberal spirit, and will result in their exercising their belligerents' rights for the future in a less rigorous and vexatious manner.\n\n**\n\nI may here observe that the decisions of the Prize Court at Vladivostock in the matters of the sinking of the \"Knight Commander,\" and the condemnation of cargoes on board the steam-ships \"Arabia,\" \"Calchas,\" and \"Cheltenham,\" are forming the subject of appeals to the Supreme Admiralty Council at St. Petersburgh. Both His Majesty's Government and that of the United States have protested, on principle, against the condemnations of cargoes of flour destined, as they believe, for innocent purposes, which were carried by the \"Arabia\" and also by the \"Calchas.\" They have every reason to hope that these findings will be reversed on appeal, the result of which must, however, be awaited. The Supreme Admiralty Council has, it is satisfactory to learn, already reversed the finding of the Vladivostock Court in the case of the steam-ship \"Allanton.\" The Russian Government have recognized in principle claims advanced on behalf of the \"Frankby\" and \"Ettrickdale,\" two steamers which were delayed in the Red Sea at the commencement of the war, subject to the adjustment of certain minor details between the owners and the Russian naval authorities. Other claims arising out of cases which are not pending in the Courts, such as the sinking of the \"Hipsang\" and the detention of the \"Malacca\" and of the \"Ardova,” are in course of preparation, and will be put forward as soon as circumstances permit.\n\n3\n\nThere is no doubt that the uncertainty which prevails as to the interpretation by the Russian authorities of their declaration as to contraband has rendered British ship-owners unwilling to engage in the carrying trade to Japan, and that many leading firms of British ship-owners have refused to accept cargo for Japan, while the shipping firms of certain other countries, notably Germany, have benefited to a considerable extent through such refusal.\n\nIt has been again and again suggested that more favoured treatment has been extended by the Russian authorities to German vessels than has been accorded to British ships, but, so far as His Majesty's Government have been able to ascertain after careful inquiry, this suggestion is not supported by any satisfactory evidence.\n\nHis Majesty's Government fully recognize the importance of the point, for there seems to be some reason to apprehend that the merchants of Japan or of countries having commercial relations with Japan, on finding that their goods are conveyed as satisfactorily by foreign as by British ships, may continue to give their custom to foreign firms, and that permanent injury may be thus occasioned to the British carrying trade in the Far East.\n\nHis Majesty's Government have been frequently approached by persons interested in the commerce of the Far East with requests for information whether cargoes of a particular description can be regarded as entitled to immunity from seizure by belligerent vessels. His Majesty's Government would have been glad, if possible, to furnish the desired information. So long, however, as the accepted principles of international law recognize that between those articles which are, in consequence of their nature, absolutely contraband of war, and those which can in no circumstances be regarded as of anything but an innocent character, there lies an intermediate class of articles which may be properly treated as contraband, or as innocent, according as they are or are not found to be destined for warlike purposes, it is obviously not in the power of any Government to take upon itself to determine beforehand whether articles falling within that intermediate class can safely be carried by a neutral vessel.\n\nI am to express Lord Lansdowne's hope that the particulars furnished in this letter may be of use to your Chamber.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed) F. A. CAMPBELL.\n\n677\n\n1", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 409608, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "page_number": 674, "title": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "content_text": "Sonclosures.\n\n27003 - 667\n\nHarbour Department,\n\nHongkong, 18th April, 1907.\n\nI have the honour to report as follows on the question of Shipping Rings and Conferences, as existing in this part of the World:-\n\nII.\n\nThe replies to the questions formulated by the Royal Commission are as follows:-\n\n(1). Are you aware of any combination, agreement, or understanding, among Shipping Companies carrying merchandise,\n\n(a) between ports in the Colony under your Government?\n\nReply. No.\n\n(b) between ports in the Colony under your Government and other ports in the British Empire?\n\nReply. Yes. There is a Conference of all regular lines trading from Japan, Hongkong, and China, to Great Britain and Europe (hereinafter referred to as the \"London Conference\"). A list of these lines will be found in the attached circular (enclosure \"A\"). There is also a Conference of three lines trading between this Colony and Australian Ports - the China Navigation Company, the Eastern and Australian", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 409609, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "page_number": 675, "title": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "content_text": "508\n\n668\n\n.TORE,I^GA .df8¤‚prognof\n\nas a...olo? es drogen ut honor end evad I\n\naldatze BA\n\nvet be hurmat anodesup act of Bellver CAT\n\n8e9n5net-00 £us anniЯ qalqqlab to reflasim\n\n-:bito art to disq si\n\n.II\n\n-:ayo!!o? Re me notab:0\n\ndreinemannoidantdmoo .\n\nseiraquod auteqilë prora\n\nA netaxa vox STA .(I)\n\ncariðnetenebre to\n\nsalbue.'orso ante-tan\n\nquoy Rebou \\no100 ert ri afrog ceewter{ (a)\n\n↑ tract5700\n\n+\n\n.....\n\n*#\n\nTUOY TABLU grofað allt al atroy noowded (d)\n\nda ing wit ni afrog nedto bus troiozavod\n\nsorttro0 e al e\n\nBAY\n\nCER to\n\nbea\n\n(get mort\n\nbes ut*t*& fpero et\n\nboristom rettantered) eɖo?* (\"gonemetno robnoI” orit aa of\n\nod Illw asti easy to tall A\n\n-ronto badosata 9:43 ni berrot\n\n{\"A\" ensofons) *ol-\n\nsend to apret trot a cafe et\n\nal: noowded ontband asmif\n\nedzot neenderA bora ymo.Coo\n\n(Yrs.o0 mottentvak amt:10 ods\n\nmaliento A bre madesi erd .2.8\n\nfeniq\n\nS.S. Company, and the North German Lloyd Company.\n\n(c) between ports in the Colony under your Government and Foreign countries ?\n\nReply.\n\nYes. The London Conference, and a Conference of certain lines trading regularly with American Ports, chiefly New York, (hereinafter referred to as the \"New York Conference\"). A list of these lines will be found in the attached circular (enclosure *B*).\n\nNone of the above Conferences compete with the Local Companies for coast cargo. There is no Conference or other combination of Coasting Steamers.\n\n(2). To what extent, if any, have Shipping Combinations tended to raise or maintain freights or passenger rates? In particular, have they tended to raise or maintain freights on goods carried ?\n\n(a).between ports in the Colony under your Government ?\n\nReply.\n\nNo combinations, hence, no such tendency.\n\n(b) between ports in the Colony under your Government and the United Kingdom or other parts of the British Empire ?\n\n(c) between ports in the Colony under your Government and Foreign Countries ?\n\nReply", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 409610, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "page_number": 676, "title": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "content_text": "Reply to (b) and (c).\n\n669\n\nConferences are formed for\n\nthe purpose of maintaining\n\nrates for passengers and\n\ncargo,\n\nand are revised as\n\noccasion requires to meet the\n\nconditions of trade. This\n\npurpose has been carried out\n\nsuccessfully, with the result\n\nthat freights are maintained\n\nat a constant rate for all\n\nConference lines. I am inform-\n\n-ed by the head of one of the\n\nlargest firms exporting cargo\n\nfrom this Colony (unconnect-\n\n-ed with any shipping inter-\n\n-est) that he considers these\n\nConferences a great benefit\n\nto trade, so long as they\n\ncontinue to treat shippers\n\nwith the justice and fairness\n\nwhich has hitherto character-\n\n-ized their dealings.\n\n(3). Are you aware of any cases in which\n\nopen or tacit combination among Shipping Compani-\n\n-es has driven off independent lines or reduced\n\ncompetition by forcing such lines to adhere to a\n\nConference or Ring of shipowners or to a common\n\ntariff? If so, please state the circumstances.\n\nI am not aware of any\n\ninstance of a line being\n\ncompelled to join a Confer-\n\n-ence, but I remember a case\n\nwhere a competing line\n\nvigorously brought...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 409611, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "page_number": 677, "title": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "content_text": "Page 203\n\n(9) Bus (1) od vfqaf\n\nrot bermot ate anapoot.io0\n\nontuted abwn to bao gun and\n\nbas ats: 96664 707 astr\n\nas baalvƏT SIB ba +9230\n\nJosm of ee\" luper mots8000\n\nabent to ancl.ibmOD\n\navo bet su nosd unt Baoqtug\n\nlaeus eif¢ JIJIW #\n\nbentaðninn a' » Rðişləri Jønd\n\nif not adet dnadagoo s da\n\n-rotel me I eenti poп6~»Ï:00\n\n0.4 to Bno to baad með vf be-\n\nDynño qui¿Toqzs eurit JE93781\n\n-Jo9ngoon. ) ynof30 eirit mont\n\n-redni aniqqbile yas dtlw ha-\n\n66Art Breblanoo si dede (deo-\n\nJiboned dasт3 & Boomers'...8:00\n\nveilt as anol oa,eband of\n\narengira Jeert of enteroo\n\ncoortet bas oottant add dołw\n\n-19DDAZARD OTISAJ Keri utol w\n\n.agnifnəb qtadt besi-\n\nrobh mi sesso yna to STAWB VOX STå .(8)\n\n-brewed antqqtë gnoms noltsmidros lost to nego\n\nbobas no asali Jnebasqabri tto nevtib and ao-\n\n* of atarina od aenil nova galonot vd noliidsqmoo\n\n2000 & od so aterwoqide to gnig no sonereIn00\n\n.RBonsterbrorio ent studs sameig、oa TI * TTITAJ\n\nVns to STAva don na I.\n\nanted enil s to soustent\n\n-1etno s nlol of belleqros\n\neasɔ a redmonroy I tud\n\n,8ong-\n\nanti aniteqnoo & etuW *dord\n\nIya\n\n670\n\nbrought an action against a\n\nConference line on account of\n\nthe Ring lowering rates\n\nagainst them. This was the\n\nfamous case known as the\n\n\"Conspiracy\" case the Mogul\n\n8.5.Coy.v. McGregor Gow & Co.\n\n(Glen Line), tried in Londen\n\nabout 1887, which was decided\n\nin favour of the defendants.\n\n(4). Are you aware of any instance of Bri-\n\ntish Shipping Companies carrying Foreign goods\n\nat lower rates than British or Colonial goods,\n\nand, if so, under what circumstances ?\n\nReply.....\n\nReply.\n\n.No.\n\n(5). Have any Shipping Combinations or\n\nCompanies, to your knowledge, practised the grant-\n\n-ing of rebates or deferred rebates to shippers ?\n\nHave they otherwise granted preferences to ship-\n\n-pers or classes of shippers? If so, please\n\nstate the circumstances and conditions under\n\nwhich such rebates and preferences are granted.\n\n.The attached circulars state\n\nthe details of the rebates\n\ngranted by the London and New\n\nYork Conferences. The Austra-\n\n-lian Conference gives no\n\nrebate or other preference.\n\nNo other rebates or prefer-\n\n-ences, so far as I can dis-\n\n-cover are granted.\n\n(6). Has the policy of shipping Conferences\n\nor Combinations or the effect of shipping Agree-\n\n-ments or Undertakings tended to fetter trade\n\nin", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 409612, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "page_number": 678, "title": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "content_text": "671\n\n70\n\ns Janisys noteos ns Jdquord\n\n*:0010008 No anif sonaretno0\n\nBejar gaitewol gnif edit\n\no Aw al:T .Merit tentera\n\nAt Ba rwomi eaɛo Buomet\n\nfugold erle 98ño \"yourigano)\"\n\n.00 $ woƉ 070100M .v.vo0.8.8\n\nobrod nt bett ,(onit meID)\n\nbohloeb zaw doldu,\"981 node\n\n.ejnsbastab ent to worst ni\n\n-in to sonstant vra to Biswa woy STA .(A)\n\naboon maisto¶ natvyvro Belɛswoob griqatre Kal3-\n\naboos Iatnofob to raising nart ærejat nawol ta\n\n? ROMAJermotio tadw tebri ,on *i,brs\n\nno enoidanidimob mutqqi:a vas ovañ .(8)\n\nJnana bra bsaltosnq,sqbalwond wot of,asinsGOD\n\n↑ axeqtda of aejeder berieteb no betader to gni-\n\nmutite od Beoneretanq batnary setwundido varit eval\n\n*\n\noa \"I f seqqida to essesio no 8700-\n\nTobu enolibros bus woonadenworto act stata\n\n.better ers reo/16teteng bas rejøder fora rin‡dw\n\nejeja aralorto badiost¿s sîï...........\n\neeteder eit to atletab and\n\nwell has nobnoI and yd baźnary\n\n-6738#A IT .88oneretroo xTOY\n\n0 Bevin #one191400 n=lf-\n\n..Sononetary resido no etador\n\n-Tetenq to aejeder 18:30 of\n\n-alb so I ea 1st on ,289/10-\n\n.boзnste 875 TeV00-\n\n.Iqeя\n\n&0000тeixo) miqqiria to yoilog ent est .(8)\n\n-seTTA Balqqide to dostte ord to anoldsmideod 10\n\nebond Yodje\" od bobned ennidatseb U to etnon-\n\nin the free choice of sea carriages, and, if so,\n\nto what extent ?\n\nReply......\n\n.......... So far as I can discover, no.\n\n(7). Have Combinations of, or co-operation\n\nby, Shipping companies been productive of any\n\nbeneficial results to British or Colonial trade\n\nduring recent years by securing stability of\n\nrates or in any other way ?\n\nReply.\n\nYes. Speaking generally, I\n\nshould say that these Con-\n\n-ferences are undoubtedly\n\nbeneficial to the export\n\ntrade of the Colony. They\n\nensure stability of rates,\n\nequal opportunities to all\n\nclasses of shippers, and\n\neffectually preclude prefer-\n\n-ential rates to any particul-\n\n-ar nationality or class of\n\nshipper. If they were declar-\n\n-ed illegal, there would be\n\ngreat fluctuation of rates,\n\nand as, with the exception\n\nof the P. & O. Company's\n\nSteamers, no British vessels\n\nare subsidised, the probabil-\n\n-ity is that the Foreign\n\nsubsidised lines would quick-\n\n-ly run the British lines off\n\nthe trade. This, of course,\n\nis but conjecture. Against\n\nthis argument is the fact\n\nthat, in addition to the\n\nthree Conference lines\n\nforming", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 409620, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "page_number": 686, "title": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "content_text": "679\n\nThese Conferences make deferred rebates at regular intervals to those firms who have found it convenient to confine their shipments to the association during a fixed period.\n\nCertain classes of cargo however such as rice from Japan and Sugar from the Philippines are not included in these agreements. There are also other goods which can be shipped by outside vessels without invalidating claims to Conference rebates; but it must be taken that on those trade routes where a Shipping Conference exists the bulk of the business is carried by Conference Steamers.\n\nEven where actual Conferences do not exist it has been found desirable in several instances to make local agreement in order to ensure frequent and regular sailings, without the cut-throat competition which so often arises if the various lines engaged in one trade are working absolutely independently of each other.\n\nThis is exemplified by the agreements under which certain British and Chinese Companies engaged in the river, and coasting trade of China pool their earnings on certain routes, the rates of freight however fluctuating with the supply of, and demand for, tonnage, or by the amount of competition encountered from other lines.\n\nTwo British and a German line also work an agreement on the China to Australian route, but here again rates fluctuate in the same manner as on the China Coast.\n\nThese Conferences are not all governed on the same principle, but as a rule it amounts to this that certain lines on any one route are associated and while they may limit or entirely exclude outside tonnage from taking the berth, on the other hand they undertake to provide ample tonnage, sufficient to meet all reasonable requirements and ordinary fluctuations of demand for Steamers at more or less fixed and unchanging rates of freight.\n\nReverting to the evidence received from those", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 409621, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "page_number": 687, "title": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "content_text": "680\n\n1\n\nthose firms who have replied to the circular from the Committee,\n\nit appears that of the British Firms who have responded not\n\nonly has no question been raised against the various Shipping\n\nConferences in existence but in many cases unqualified approval\n\nis expressed on the subject.\n\nBoth from a Merchant's and Ship-owner's\n\npoint of view, (and as will be seen some firms represent both\n\ninterests) it is claimed that trade has benefitted by the\n\nConferences owing to the manner in which they have been carried\n\nout. Ample tonnage to meet all requirements of trade, level\n\nand reasonable rates, regular service, better handling of goods\n\nand few losses. One of the replies is qualified by the remark\n\nthat the Conference is beneficial to merchants as well as\n\nShipping Agents \"so long as there are no illicit rebates and\n\nreturns made\" but there has been no suggestion that such illi-\n\ncit returns have been paid.\n\nAnother answer is to the effect that\n\nshipping combinations have not tended to fetter traders but on\n\nthe contrary secure them equal facilities for competing on fair\n\nand level terms.\n\nIt is only when we come to the non-British\n\nfirms that any dissentient voice is raised against the existence\n\nof Shipping Conferences. Of these, two come from German firms\n\nand one from a Japanese firm.\n\n1st.\n\nIt appears desirable to quote these in full\n\n\"The firm deals with the Conference Lines\n\n\"in the matter of receiving and shipping cargo\n\n\"and that the Conference maintains a uniform\n\nrate of freight. The Conference Lines grant\n\nrebates to shippers who confine the business to\n\n\"their lines. We are of opinion rates would be\n\n\"more favourable to shippers if free competition\n\n\"existed among the Shipping Companies\".\n\n2nd.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 409622, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "page_number": 688, "title": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]", "content_text": "681\n\n\"Believe that the results attained by the\n\n*Shipping rings are highly satisfactory to ship-\n\n-owners but from the Merchant's point of view as\n\n*Importers and Exporters seriously doubt whether\n\nthe operations of the Conferences are giving\n\n\"satisfaction to all parties interested and are\n\n*Inclined to think that the development of trade\n\n\"would be healthier and more profitable without\n\n\"such Shipping combinations\",\n\n\"Are of opinion that the Shipping Rings are\n\n\"quite against them being beneficial only to\n\n*those Companies who monopolise the high rate of\n\n\"freight*.\n\nWith regard to the above statements I would\n\npoint out that other firms, British, Continental and Asiatic\n\nengaged in precisely the same branches of Import and Export\n\ntrade as those three firms have either expressed no disapproval\n\nof shipping Conference as carried out in the Eastern Trade, or\n\nin some instances have strongly approved of the system. To\n\nquote a few instances one merchant firm writes\n\n\"Fixed rates... preferable to the uncertain-\n\nty of 20 years ago*. *Freights at a payable\n\n\"level not oppressive to any one\"\n\nAnother large exporter of low grade goods\n\n*So long as they act with reason our opinion\n\nis that in Shipping, a \"Combine\" is in the Long\n\n\"run better for us than a cut-throat competition\n\n\"which can burst at any moment\".\n\nAn American Shipping Representative writes\n\n*I think the combinations have gone a long\n\nway", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 415854, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 19, "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "During the summer months a 3-knot current may be expected in the main river, so a speed of more than 12 knots ought to be guaranteed, and the launches should not be detached for military operations, which are nearly always in progress at one place or another. Owing to the absence of any form of village police in wilder Kwang Tung, these cruisers should be officered by the Imperial Maritime Customs.\n\n2. The distances mentioned—Fong Chuen to Shan King and Shau King to Chu Tau Shan (Admiralty charts)—cover only 145 miles of river. I cannot understand why the vast delta waterways are ignored. Chu Tau Shan is 10 miles north of Kong Mun, a city of tremendous launch traffic.\n\n3. Nineteen launches will not be able to patrol their respective sections twice a day—if all the waterways are policed.\n\n4. All the \"guard boats\" sailing gun-boats\" have, with a few exceptions, been recently removed from the West River. Many are broken up and a few are hauled up on the bank at Shiu Hing. There will therefore be no troops ashore to give assistance, except at a garrison town like Wachau or Shau King. The new launches recently built and most of the old ones carry no more than eight, or at the most ten, fighting men.\n\n5. This list, if it is compiled, would have to be an enormous one. The launches embark passengers nearly every half-a-mile.\n\nIt is an excellent suggestion that special sampans be registered to embark passengers, but no safeguard against pirates embarking. There are always recognized sampans for embarking passengers, which generally fly a special flag. These sampans have been used by pirates before (vide \"Wing Fat\" piracy case, July 1906).\n\n6. This is not feasible in tidal waters.\n\n7. All the launch routes are well known, and no uncertainty exists.\n\nEvery passenger launch or junk exhibits a board showing her principal ports of call.\n\nThe only deviation (from usual routes) is not due to tide, but to the height of water in summer floods.\n\nFrom April, in normal years, Canton to Shui Hing launches run via the Moneypenny and Fatshan Creeks until the river falls to 3 feet, when they are compelled to follow the main route, viâ Chun Chune and Kum Chuk. This route is advertised.\n\n8. This suggestion is good.\n\n9. I have travelled on launches flying the British, French, and Chinese colours, and have small faith in the \"guard\" system.\n\nThe guard when not asleep are smoking opium, and on nearing some customs station are awakened, and then put on their military uniform.\n\nWhen the \"Wing Fat\" was pirated last year near Ping Nam, the guard were sitting aft eating their food when the pirates arrived on board in the guise of passengers. Two soldiers came forward to search them and were promptly shot and thrown overboard. The rest of the guard surrendered, as their rifles were stowed forward and could not be reached in time.\n\nWhy should the owner of the launch have to pay for his own guard?\n\n10. I conclude that the three Government examination stations are to be quite close to Canton, the words East, West, and North Rivers not being used in the same sense as we employ, as the North River enters the West River at Samshui, and the East River enters the Canton River south of Whampoa, I think the number of examination stations might be extended to include Samshui, Shiu Hing, Kum Chuk, and Kong Mun, important shipping centres, otherwise the inspection scheme will be one-sided only—the Canton side.\n\nThey ought to be controlled by the Imperial Maritime Customs.\n\nInclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nMinutes of an Interview on board His Majesty's ship \"Alacrity,\" at Canton, November 20, 1907.\n\nPresent:\n\nAdmiral Sir A. W. Moore, K.C.M.G., &c. Mr. R. W. Mansfield, C.M.G., His Britannic Majesty's Consul-General, Canton.\n\nSecretary C. H. Rowe, R.N.\n\nMr. H. Sly, Vice-Consul.\n\nViceroy Chang Jen Chun. Taotai Ousu Han. Taotai Wen Tsung Yao.\n\nTHE Commander-in-chief, Sir A. W. Moore, having paid an official visit to the Viceroy on the 19th November, his Excellency the Viceroy returned the call on the following day on board His Majesty's ship \"Alacrity.\"\n\nAfter partaking of refreshments and exchanging the usual courtesies, by prearrangement the above-mentioned withdrew to the after-cabin to discuss the piracy question.\n\nThe Admiral informed the Viceroy that his principal object in requesting the conference was to discuss the proposed measures for the prevention of piracy in the vicinity of Canton, more especially in regard to the provision of the four fast launches to be placed under Customs control. He referred to the length of time this question had been under discussion, how that Viceroy Chow Fu had so far back as last March informed him that the launches would be provided, and how the Central Government at Peking had given their undertaking to the British Minister that the scheme would be put into effect. He had recently visited the Wai-wu Pu, and his Excellency Yuan Shih K'ai had assured him that instructions had been given to the Canton Government to do all in their power to suppress piracy, and had stated that the Viceroy could, if he would, stamp it out. Notwithstanding this, the launches had not been provided, and since his visit to Peking no less than three further robberies of vessels under the British flag had taken place. He felt that the time had now come when further talk was useless, and that definite action must be taken. He had been called upon by the Admiralty to report what measures he could take to insure the protection of British interests, and before giving his reply he wished to have a decision from the Viceroy as to whether he would or would not carry out the undertaking which had been entered into by the Chinese authorities to provide the four fast launches under Customs control.\n\nThe Viceroy, in reply, said that he was quite with the Admiral in desiring to stamp out piracy, he had already drawn up a scheme, which he was prepared to carry out, which included the provision of four fast launches, the systematic patrol of the waterways by the older patrol launches, and the co-operation of the military on shore with those vessels, so that the pirates might be followed up to their haunts when they escaped.\n\nThe Admiral pointed out that this scheme only provided for the patrol of about one-third of the waterways used by the launches, and that, as the guard-boats had been withdrawn, no soldiers were available to co-operate with the patrol vessels.\n\nTo this the Viceroy replied that his scheme was of course only in embryo, and that as it developed he hoped to arrange for the patrol of all the waterways. He added that the guard-boats which had been withdrawn would be replaced.\n\nThe Admiral asked whether he was to understand that the four fast launches referred to would be under the Customs control. The Viceroy said that he had recently received a telegram from Peking saying that the stipulation as to the launches being placed under foreign officers had been withdrawn by the British Minister; further, that he had been informed by the Commissioner of Customs at Canton that to place the vessel under Customs control would be fraught with much difficulty, and that the scheme was more or less impracticable. He also remarked that he, as Viceroy, was responsible for the policing of the province, and that it had nothing whatever to do with the Customs.\n\nThe Admiral replied that Peking must be under a misapprehension as to the withdrawal of the stipulation. He went on to say that, although there might be difficulties, they could, he felt sure, be overcome. He could not understand the Viceroy's attitude in the matter, or what were his objections. The boats would be manned by Chinese,", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 429539, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910", "page_number": 276, "title": "CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910", "content_text": "2\n\nRailway; while the departure from Harbin of M. Kabalinsky, who has for nearly a year past been chief of the commercial department of the Chinese Eastern Railway Company, and who was shortly due to return to Europe, has been hastened to enable him to take part in the debates. His return to Harbin appears to be extremely uncertain, in view of the opinions which he entertains as to the importance attaching to the department over which he has presided. If report speaks true, he considers that he should to all intents and purposes be independent in his own sphere of General Horvat, the manager of the railway; while he holds that the commercial interests of the line are entitled to first consideration, and that the other administrative departments should make its commercial development their principal objective.\n\nOne of the chief difficulties with which the conference at St. Petersburgh will have to contend is, I am told, to fix the point at which rates shall be broken. The Japanese, I understand, have favoured Harbin, the Russians Kwangchengtzu, while Shuang Cheng Pu, 32 miles south of Harbin, has been mentioned as a compromise. The interests of the South Manchurian and Chinese Eastern Railways will clash in this respect in regard to beans and cereals, since each party will desire to attract as much as possible of these commodities to its own line and to its own port of shipment. The shipping facilities at Dalny greatly excel those at Vladivostock, and I have heard it stated by a gentleman who is intimately connected with the bean trade that, if the Russians wish to encourage shippers to convey their cargo to Vladivostock, they will have to give cheaper rates than the South Manchurian Railway. A quicker and more regular service than that afforded last season will also be necessary. Long delays were then occasioned owing to an inadequate supply of cars, and matters were not improved by the unprecedented heavy falls of snow.\n\nOther important articles in regard to which reciprocity in the matter of freight rates would be mutually advantageous are those mentioned in the enclosure to Mr. Parlett's despatch, to which reference has before been made, namely, Fushun coal, timber, and flour.\n\nThe appendices and tables attached to enclosed agreements are not forwarded. These agreements, in English, were supplied to me by the Chinese Eastern Railway.\n\nEnclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nH. E. SLY,\n\nConvention determining the Mutual Relations between the Carriers participating in the Manchurian-Japanese Passenger through Traffic.\n\nARTICLE 1.\n\nIn order to promote the passenger and baggage traffic between the principal stations of the Chinese Eastern, the Ussuri, and the Imperial Japanese Railways, as well as between the above stations and the ports indicated in the tariff, a through traffic to be known by the name \"Manchurian-Japanese passenger traffic\" is being established.\n\nThe following carriers are participating in the said traffic:—\n\nThe board of directors of the Chinese Eastern Railway Company at St. Petersburgh,\n\nthe Ussuri Railway, leased to that company.\n\nThe board of directors of the South Manchurian Railway at Dairen.\n\nThe administration of the Imperial Japanese Railways at Tokyo.\n\nThe committee of the Russian volunteer fleet at St. Petersburgh.\n\nThe board of directors of the \"Osaka Shosen Kaisha\" Steam Shipping Company at Osaka.\n\nARTICLE 2.\n\n1. The carriers participating in this traffic elect by a majority of votes, for a term of five years, a board for the management of the affairs relating to the said traffic.\n\n2. The board managing the through-traffic affairs receives from the carriers concerned various kinds of proposals which have the object to promote the present through traffic by means of adaptation of adequate general measures.\n\nIn case, when the settlement (by means of exchange of correspondence) of questions raised by the carriers interested in the traffic should meet with difficulties, or when one of the said administrations should express the desire that these questions be discussed by the conference, the board managing the through-traffic affairs enters these questions on the programme of the business to be attended to by the nearest conference. The board managing the through-traffic affairs convenes the conferences, executes the decisions passed and approved by the conferences, prepares and publishes the tariffs, the supplements to the tariffs, the conventions, &c., and attends, when necessary, to the correspondence with the administrations participating in the present traffic.\n\n3. The correspondence relating to the traffic in question shall be done—\n\nBy the Russian carriers, in Russian;\n\nBy the Japanese carriers, in English.\n\nThe publications issued by the board managing the affairs of this traffic are printed—\n\nFor the Russian carriers, in Russian\n\nFor the Japanese carriers, in English.\n\nARTICLE 3.\n\n1. For the deliberation on questions bearing upon general interests, as well as on measures which are likely to promote the development of the traffic, shall be convened by the administrations concerned, from time to time, conferences to which the participating carriers shall depute their authorised delegates.\n\nThe said conferences shall give decisions on questions relating to claims which could not be settled by means of correspondence. The resolutions passed by the conference with regard to matters connected with claims shall be executed immediately.\n\n2. The conferences are convened by the board managing the through-traffic affairs. The conferences decide by a majority of votes the question as to the time and place of the next conference.\n\n3. The programme of the business to be attended to by the conference shall be drawn up by the board managing the through-traffic affairs and forwarded to all the administrations concerned, so that the programme and the materials appertaining to the same should reach them not later than thirty days before the beginning of the conference.\n\n4. The motions about arising questions which are to be submitted to the conference for discussion must be stated in detail, and communicated to the board managing the through-traffic affairs at least eight weeks before the beginning of the conference.\n\n5. The motions of which no timely notice had been given shall be submitted to the conference for deliberation and decision only in case of an acknowledged urgent necessity.\n\n6. Each administration represented at the conference by a delegate shall have only one vote. Those administrations who failed to send delegates to the conference forfeit their right of voting. Each administration, however, shall have the right to be represented by another administration on strength of a written power of attorney. The resolutions given by that administration in the name of the administrations represented shall be binding for the latter.\n\n7. The resolutions of the conference shall be binding for the participants of the conference only in case when they were passed unanimously.\n\nBy a simple majority of votes only the following questions shall be decided, namely, the election of the board managing the through-traffic affairs, the determination of time and place of the conferences to be held, and the questions relating to claims of a contestable nature.\n\n8. The resolutions of the conference shall take effect immediately only in case of this being stated expressly in the resolution of the conference itself.\n\nAll other resolutions shall be considered as accepted if, within three months from the date of the dispatch by the board managing the through-traffic affairs of the respective report, together with the protocol, no objection is raised on the part of the administrations participating in the traffic.\n\n275\n\nA\n\nW.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 429540, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910", "page_number": 277, "title": "CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910", "content_text": "administration concerned, and shall have legal force after the approval by the respective Governments.\n\nIf within three months from the date of the dispatch by the board managing the through-traffic affairs of the report, together with the protocol, no replies should come forward from the administrations concerned, or in case of a protest being lodged within the said period against any of the resolutions of the conference, without mentioning the reasons for such protest, the execution of the resolutions passed by the conference shall not be suspended as a consequence of it.\n\n9. The protocols of each conference shall be drawn up in Russian and in English, printed by order of the board managing the through-traffic affairs, and forwarded by the said board, in the required number of copies, to each of the administrations concerned.\n\nARTICLE 4.\n\nThe conveyance of the correspondence, forms, documents relating to accounts, as well as of the articles forwarded by the board managing the through-traffic affairs in connection with this traffic, shall be effected free of charge along the lines of all the carriers participating in the traffic.\n\nARTICLE 5.\n\n1. The accounts relating to the through traffic in question are settled by the Returns Department of the Chinese Eastern Railway at Harbin.\n\n2. The materials necessary for the preparation of the account must be forwarded to the said Returns Department by the carriers, who have sold coupon-books, not later than the thirtieth day, according to the new calendar, of the month following the one during which the coupon-books were sold.\n\nThese materials must contain following particulars:—\n\n(a) The No. No., the number and the classes of the coupon-books sold by each tariff station, also the route for which the said coupon-books were available, and the amount of money realised from the sale of coupon-books.\n\n(b) The No. No., and the date of issue by each tariff station of registered baggage receipts, showing the routes by which the baggage was forwarded, the gross weight, as well as the weight (above the amount allowed free) for which freight was paid, and the amount of freight realised for the conveyance of baggage.\n\nIf no coupon-books were sold during a certain month the carriers concerned should forward \"nil\" returns to the Returns Department of the Chinese Eastern Railway at Harbin.\n\n3. Wrongly stamped coupon-books, control-coupons of children tickets and spoiled baggage receipts should be properly grouped together, appended to the monthly account returns and forwarded to the Returns Department of the Chinese Eastern Railway.\n\n4. The Returns Department of the Chinese Eastern Railway determines the amounts received and shares of the carriers who participated in the conveyance, and prepares a general abstract account, showing the debit and the credit totals of each administration separately.\n\nExtracts from the general abstract account and from the return showing the distribution of shares must be forwarded to each of the administrations concerned.\n\n5. Should discrepancies be discovered during the checking of the accounts by the controlling departments of the carriers concerned, these should be adjusted by means of written communication with the carrier who sold the coupon-book, as well as with the Returns Department of the Chinese Eastern Railway at Harbin.\n\nThe claims to regulate discrepancies must be made before the expiration of the two years' term, counting the same from the date of the dispatch of the materials relating to the accounts by the above said Returns Department.\n\nARTICLE 6.\n\n1. The passenger fares and the rates for the conveyance of baggage are indicated in the tariff for the whole distance—\n\nFor the traffic from the stations of the Chinese Eastern and the Ussuri Railways to Japan—in roubles;\n\n5\n\nFor the traffic from Japan to the stations of the Chinese Eastern and the Ussuri Railways—in yen.\n\nIn view of the above, the necessary conversions for the tariff tables of roubles into yen or yen into roubles shall be made according to the fixed rates of: 100 roubles = 96 roubles 62 copees, and 100 yen = 105 yen.\n\n2. The settlement of the amounts of balance shall be effected by the Returns Department of the Chinese Eastern Railway according to the following rulings:\n\n(a) All the debit or the credit balances (in yen and roubles) of the Chinese Eastern and the Ussuri Railways and the Russian volunteer fleet are settled in rouble currency, and the respective accounts communicated to the administrations concerned.\n\n(b) All the debit or the credit balances (in yen and in roubles) of the Imperial Japanese and the South Manchuria Railways and the \"Osaka Shosen Kaisha\" Steam Shipping Company are settled in yen currency, and the respective accounts communicated to the administrations concerned.\n\n3. The rates of conversion indicated above in paragraph 1 do not apply where final settlements of accounts are concerned.\n\nThe Russian volunteer fleet pays to the Chinese Eastern Railway the shares of other carriers, and receives from the said railway its own shares in rouble currency through the Russo-Chinese Bank.\n\nThe Japanese carriers receive their own shares from the Chinese Eastern Railway—in yen currency, and pay to the said railway the shares of the other Russian carriers—in rouble currency, in both cases through the Russo-Chinese Bank, whereby the Imperial Japanese railways pay and receive their share through the South Manchuria Railway.\n\nAny possible differences of the rates of exchange resulting from the above-shown manner of settlement of accounts the Chinese Eastern Railway and the Japanese carriers charge to their own accounts.\n\nARTICLE 7.\n\n1. Claims for refund of money received for a coupon-book or for the conveyance of baggage are settled by the railway which has sold the coupon-book, of which no use had been made by the passenger, or which had been used only in part, with the consent, when necessary, of the other participants in the traffic.\n\n2. The liability of the carriers concerned, as well as the amount of the award to be paid for the total or partial loss, damage, or delay of baggage, are determined by the application of tariff rules.\n\n3. Claims relating to the payment of awards are settled either by the departure or by the destination railway, in accordance with the circumstance, to which of the two railways the claim had been presented, and also with the consent of the carriers concerned.\n\n4. When it is impossible to discover the guilty carrier, or when, according to the decision of the court, the fault falls on several carriers participating in the conveyance without indication of the degree of the fault of each of them, the amount of award for the loss or damage of baggage, as well as all other incidental expenses, are divided between the railways (and steamer companies as well) which participated in the conveyance in proportion to the distances from the departure to the destination station.\n\n5. In case of a disagreement between the carriers concerned as to the apportionment of the award, the claim in question shall be submitted to the conference.\n\n6. The Returns Department of the Chinese Eastern Railway shall take every care to see that the amounts advanced by the administration or board settling the claim for awards, interest, incidental and other expenses be refunded during the nearest monthly accounts.\n\nARTICLE 8.\n\n1. The following shall be considered as expenditure to be divided between the carriers participating in this through traffic:—\n\n(a) The expenditure in connection with the printing of tariffs, tables of rates, protocols, conventions, &c., as well as the cost of the transport of the above publications to their destinations.\n\n[2948 c-3]\n\nC\n\n276\n\nVov", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 429667, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910", "page_number": 404, "title": "CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910", "content_text": "# 18\n\nEffect on the Navigation of the River.\n\n96. In order to ascertain as far as practicable the general opinion of those principally concerned in the improvement of the Wangpoo, Messrs. Wilson and Matthews, when at Shanghai, interviewed several gentlemen interested in the shipping and general trade of the river, who courteously afforded them valuable information.\n\n97. Amongst these gentlemen were Mr. Merrill, Commissioner of Customs, and one of the members of the Wangpoo Conservancy Board; Mr. Landale, chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council, and local manager of Messrs. Jardine, Matheson, and Co.; Mr. Marshall, agent of the P. and O. Company and chairman of the Shipping Conference; Mr. Wright, deputy chairman of the Chamber of Commerce, of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire; M. Michelau, of Messrs. Melchors, agents for the North German Lloyd and Hamburg-America Shipping Companies; M. de Thuy, agent for the Messageries maritimes; and Captain Schellhoss, technical attaché to the German consulates in China.\n\n98. In addition to the gentlemen above named, Messrs. Wilson and Matthews had several interviews with Captain Carlson, the harbour-master, who at all times readily furnished such information as was desired from him, also ship-masters and pilots of the P. and O., Norddeutscher Lloyd, Messageries maritimes, Ocean Steamship, and other companies. It is gratifying that the agents and pilots of the Norddeutscher Lloyd and Messageries maritimes companies were good enough to furnish such information on the spot, seeing that, as already remarked in paragraph 3 we have unfortunately not been successful in meeting the representatives of these companies in London.\n\n99. Although it is not necessary to follow in detail the opinions expressed by these gentlemen, we may state that, with regard to the broad question at issue, they were practically unanimous in the opinion that the Astrea Channel is greatly superior for navigation purposes to the old Ship Channel, both on account of its straighter course and its greater width of dead water. They also earnestly hoped that the works in progress would be fully completed. Whilst putting forward the foregoing views and opinions, we should also remark that M. de Rijke's scheme has on other grounds been the subject of much adverse criticism, to which reference will be made hereafter in section XI.\n\nX. THE COST OF THE UNDERTAKING.\n\nWork Fund.\n\n100. As already described (paragraph 25) the cost of the whole of the works had, by the convention of 1905, to be borne by the Chinese Government, the amount being estimated at twenty annual instalments of 460,000 Haikwan taels, or a total of 9,200,000 Haikwan taels. This sum may therefore be taken here as the work fund.\n\n101. In order to prosecute vigorously the two main portions of the undertaking, viz., the Woosung Jetty Works and the opening of the Junk Channel, it became necessary at the commencement of the undertaking to arrange for a fund of 4,500,000 Haikwan taels for immediate contracts.\n\n102. There was, however, as already pointed out, a reservation in the convention that if a greater sum of 460,000 Haikwan taels was required in any one year, China might obtain a loan for the same, interests being defrayed out of the capital sum of 9,200,000 Haikwan taels. The result thus came about that a loan was obtained for 2,998,235 Haikwan taels, being fixed as representing the total interest to be paid on the same. The effective sum forming the work fund was thus reduced to 6,201,764 Haikwan taels. This last-named amount has, however, since been augmented by the addition of 300,000 Shanghai taels, specially granted last year. This total work fund, therefore, stands as follows:-\n\nOriginal capital sum9,200,000\nLess interest on loan2,998,235\nTotal net sum6,201,764\nSpecial grant300,000\nTotal net work fund7,208,765\n\n19\n\nContract Work.\n\n103. Contract No. 1, for the construction of the Woosung jetty and contingent works, amounted to 1,997,798 Shanghai taels, to which must be added a sum of 23,326 Shanghai taels for extra work, making a total of 2,028,124 Shanghai taels. Contract No. 2, for dredging in the Junk Channel, amounted to 2,000,000 Shanghai taels, to which must be added 7,614 Shanghai taels for extra work, making a total of 2,007,014 Shanghai taels. Contract No. 3, for further dredging in Astræa Channel, amounted to 264,000 Shanghai taels. These three contracts therefore necessitated a total expenditure of 4,292,738 Shanghai taels.\n\n\"Own Administration\" Work.\n\n104. The sum expended on \"own administration\" work (i.e., work carried out departmentally by the board under M. de Rijke) amounted at the 31st December, 1909, to 2,132,833 Shanghai taels.\n\nTotal Expenditure on Works.\n\n105. It will be seen from the foregoing that at the end of last year, including both “contract\" and \"own administration\" works, a total sum of 6,425,571 Shanghai taels has been expended, leaving an available balance of only 783,194 Shanghai taels out of the total net \"work fund\" of 7,208,765 Shanghai taels referred to in paragraph 102.\n\n106. Our information regarding the financial aspect of the works was obtained through Mr. A. G. H. Carruthers, secretary to the Whangpoo Conservancy.\n\nXI-CRITICISMS OF THE WORKS WHICH HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT.\n\n107. Whilst at Shanghai Messrs. Wilson and Matthews obtained, as far as it was practicable to do so, particulars of the grounds on which the criticisms of M. de Rijke's scheme and the operations in connection therewith were based, and in many cases had the advantage of bearing the objections directly from their originators.\n\n108. They were fortunate in having several interviews with M. Michelau, whose firm, as already mentioned, are agents for the North German Lloyd and Hamburg-America Shipping Companies, and also with Captain Schellhoss. These gentlemen courteously received them, and afforded the fullest information as to the objections raised by the German community and the reasons for the same.\n\n109. In the first place, M. de Rijke was severely criticised for having commenced the works in 1907 on lines practically corresponding with those which he had laid down in 1895, notwithstanding that in the meantime great alterations had taken place in the river; this in particular reference to the selection of Junk Channel for improvement rather than Ship Channel.\n\nMemorandum of the \"Deutsche Vereinigung.\"\n\n110. In November 1907, some months after the present works were commenced, we understand, a copy of a memorandum, addressed to the German Imperial consul-general and supported by the German Association (\"Deutsche Vereinigung\") of Shanghai, was forwarded by that association to the chairman of the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, with a letter dated the 5th November, 1907.\n\n111. The memorandum supported the contention that Ship Channel should be adhered to as the permanent navigation route, and stated that, although at the date of M. de Rijke's report of 1898 the Ship Channel was shoaling, in 1907, when the works were about to be commenced, the same channel was again deepening and the Junk Channel shoaling.\n\n112. In support of the latter statement the memorandum quotes the following from M. de Rijke's quarterly report, dated the 26th January, 1907:\n\n\"The depth of water in the river generally has greatly increased, owing to the heavy rain washing out the channel (Ship Channel), and consequently defence work has proved more difficult. Gough Island Reach, where some of the largest works have to be made, has grown much deeper, and the shoaling of Ship Channel will be much more expensive than at first estimated.\"\n\nPage 403", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 431004, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-376 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [3-4]", "page_number": 186, "title": "CO129-376 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [3-4]", "content_text": "## Imperial Conference Secretariat, May 10, 1911\n\nThe Secretary of State for the Colonies has referred the question of legislating against conspiracy to evade the laws of self-governing Dominions or Colonies to various departments for their observations. The Development Commission and the Shipping Conference have no observations to make, and the Secretary of State for the Colonies has not yet received replies from the Board of Trade or the Home Office.\n\nIt is presumed that His Majesty's Government could not undertake to carry through Parliament a law which would make it a criminal offence to conspire to evade any of the laws regarding commerce of a self-governing Dominion or a Colony. His Majesty's Government have in practice ceased to exercise any control over legislation of the Dominions in commercial matters, and they could not accept the responsibility of approving all such legislation to the extent of making a conspiracy to evade it criminal.\n\nOn the other hand, His Majesty's Government will no doubt be willing to consider whether legislation would be appropriate in any definite set of circumstances, and in particular, presumably the offer of Hong Kong to legislate as suggested by the Attorney-General and of the Straits Settlements to increase the penalties for stowing away may be accepted.\n\nPRINTED AT THE FOREIGN OFFICE BY J. W. HARRISON.—10/5/1911.\n\nPage 129\n\nPRINTED FOR USE OF DOMINIONS CONFERENCE BE...\n\nVarious file references and numbers appear here, including `13128`, `13135`, `287d`, `16204`, `1575`, `AO`, `Sv`, `3125`, `17128`, `178`, `156844`, `9435`, `220`, `25`, `2`, `Jupes & Shat hem`, and `13129`.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-376 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [3-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 434354, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911", "page_number": 355, "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911", "content_text": "**confirms the opinion stated in my despatch No. 30, that the recent Russo-Japanese agreement—whatever its present advantages, and upon these I shall presently touch—is merely a temporary expedient, and cannot endure as a lasting compact.** It is interesting also to recall the extract from an article which appeared earlier in the year in the \"Nova Zizn,\" and which was embodied in my despatch No. 11 of the 11th May last. The writer, whose theme was the recently-established Russo-Japanese society at Harbin and the movement towards a rapprochement between the two nations, frankly admitted that the Japanese were more thorough and more fanatically patriotic than the Russians, and would get the better of the bargain. My experience in Northern Manchuria, which will soon have extended over a year, has led me to think that this apprehension is well founded.\n\nThe Russian, though not wanting in foresight and mental capacity generally, lacks application, and his practical ability is not commensurate with his powers of thought and conception. Herein would appear to lie his chief danger in respect of an alliance concluded between him and the Japanese with a view to protecting both against what was held to be a common peril, namely, the loss or curtailment of their vested and hard-earned interests in Manchuria. The Russian is not so thorough and painstaking as the Japanese, and though he has immense resources and his position in the Far East will be materially strengthened by the construction of the Amur Railway and the improved fortification of Vladivostock, he will need to spare no precautions and to encourage and develop a spirit of thoroughness and a capacity for application if he does not wish his present bargain with his recent enemy, however temporary he may intend or desire it to be, to ensure eventually to his own disadvantage.\n\nIn no other place in which I have lived have I experienced the same difficulty in securing the performance of any matter, however simple, and whether of a business or ordinary nature as in Harbin: procrastination is the order of the day and efficiency a quality which is seldom encountered. From foreigners of all descriptions and nationalities, one invariably hears the same disparaging remark—\"the Russian is quite useless.\" I have had no close acquaintance with the Japanese, but as far as I can judge of their work in Manchuria, there can be no doubt as to their efficiency or progress.\n\nTheir position in this province—already very strong by reason of their hold on the leased territory of Kuantang, their possession of the South Manchurian and Antung-Mukden railways, and their interest in the Kirin-Chiang Ch'un line, which, if the rails are of a different standard weight, is of the same gauge as the South Manchurian Railway—has been still further strengthened by the final and definite absorption of Corea. The north and north-eastern portion of Corea borders upon Chientao and Hunchun, and my confidential despatches Nos. 19 and 28 of the 24th July and 13th September last, reporting on these districts, made mention of their utility as a striking base against Vladivostock, Novo Kievsk, and Possiet, and also referred to the number of Coreans which was moving into them from across the border.\n\nNow that Corea is part of the Japanese Empire, the consolidation of Japan's position along the Tiumen will be facilitated, and it may be anticipated that the mantle of protection which she has hitherto thrown over Corean subjects resident in China will be extended. If newspaper report speaks true, this matter has, in fact, already demanded attention, and the instruction issued by the Manchurian Viceroy to his subordinates is to mark time and endeavour to avoid giving rise to any question pending the consideration of the subject by the Chinese and Japanese Governments. The Japanese are not likely to fail to take advantage of any circumstance which will increase their influence in Manchuria, and which will furnish them with another weapon against China as occasion serves.\n\nEpitomising the foregoing remarks, the position reached is that the Japanese and Russians, the former by its annexation of Corea and the latter by its military measures, have shown that they are both fully alive to the necessity for strengthening their position in and in the neighbourhood of Manchuria, and that the superior qualities of the Japanese provide a distinct element of danger for Russia in her recent compact with her former foe, against which every precaution should for her own protection be taken. It will be useful, before proceeding to deal with other factors in the situation, to give specific instances which occasion and confirm the apprehension that the Japanese and not the Russians will be those to extract the greatest benefit from the arrangement which has been made between them.\n\nIn recent numbers of the \"Manchuria Daily News\" have contained the statement that the Japanese Government proposes next year to open a consulate at Aigun. In conversation with my Japanese colleague, I enquired whether this report was correct. Mr. Kawakami did not himself see that any good purpose could be served by opening a consulate at Aigun, which lies on the opposite bank of the river to, and about 35 versts (23 miles) below, Blagovestchensk. His Government had, however, approached the Chinese Government with a request to be allowed to station a consular officer at Taheiho, but the Chinese Government had declined to accede to it. Taheiho, not Aigun—vide my despatch No. 38 of the 5th instant—is the place where trade centres, and in indicating it for a consular post, the Japanese authorities show that they are fully acquainted with local conditions.\n\nThere are, according to the Japanese consul-general, 200 Japanese subjects at Taheiho, which is an Imperial Maritime Customs barrier, and 500 at Blagovestchensk. A consul at Taheiho could also keep watch and ward over his nationals resident in the Russian town across the river. In further conversation with my colleague a few days back, he introduced the subject of the delays and difficulties encountered at Harbin by passengers from Europe bound for the south—we had both of us the previous evening experienced the inconveniences of the present system or lack of system—and stated that he contemplated writing to the South Manchurian Railway Company, and urging them to send an official to Harbin to render assistance to southward-bound passengers and accompany them on their journey to Chang Ch'un.\n\nIt seems unlikely that two years ago, for example, the Japanese authorities would have thought such a step either politic or advisable, though it must not be forgotten that the European expresses as far as Ch'ang Ch'un are now under \"wagons-lits\" management. Again, report has it that the Japanese are moving into North Manchuria in considerably greater numbers than previously, and a matter of no little interest—particularly in view of the explanation of its cause—is the recent establishment at Dairen of a branch of the Russian firm of Tchurin, a large general store established at Harbin, Vladivostock, Blagovestchensk, Nikolsk, Larbarovsk, and other places.\n\nSpeaking with a member of the local branch of the firm a short time back, he told me that the firm, which in one year, I think it was last year, had a turn-over of 2,500,000 roubles at Harbin and 4,000,000 at Vladivostock, was about to open at Dairen, where the first steamer bringing a large consignment of goods for the firm to that port was then due. He was himself bound for Dairen to make all the necessary arrangements, and their intention was, if possible, to import all their goods for Harbin viâ Dairen, and not viâ Vladivostock, as hitherto. The present was a trial shipment, and the reason for the change was the protracted delays and numerous difficulties, some of which he enumerated, with which they had to contend at the latter port.\n\nThe step contemplated by Messrs. Tchurin is of no little significance, and the result, if the venture prove successful, will be this: a Japanese port and transportation over two lines of rail, Japanese and Russian, necessitating a transfer of the goods from the Japanese to the Russian line at Chang Ch'un give greater facilities for the importation of goods to a Russian firm doing a large business at Harbin than a Russian port with direct Russian railway communication to the place of destination. The distance by rail from Vladivostock to Harbin is 483 miles and from Dairen 585, and I understand that, according to present arrangements, freights from Europe to the latter are somewhat higher than to the former.\n\nLastly, it is worthy of note that the recent railway agreement concluded at St. Petersburgh at which through rates were arranged on certain classes of goods transported over the South Manchurian and Chinese Eastern railways took, according to a statement attributed to Mr. Tanaka, traffic manager of the South Manchurian line and a member of the conference, and published in the \"Manchuria Daily News,\" no account of pulse and grain. I do not doubt that the report is correct, since grains and beans are the chief articles of transport on these railways, and the Russian authorities, in view of the better railway and shipping facilities afforded by the Japanese, would have good reason to fear that a through rate on beans would divert considerable quantities of this commodity from the Chinese Eastern to the South Manchurian Railway, while, as regards grain products, the Russians have no desire to encourage at present the export of wheat either to the south of Manchuria or abroad.\n\nThey wish to foster the local Russian flour mills, and there is already one competitor in the south, namely, the Japanese mill at Tiehling. I do not desire to exaggerate the importance of the above instances of Japanese progressiveness, some of which may not be thought of any great intrinsic moment; but a straw shows which way the wind blows, and is of greater or less consequence according to the weather which general conditions may incline one to expect.\n\nHaving now given some general consideration to the Russo-Japanese agreement of July last and its possible consequences as regards the future relations of one party to the other, it is proposed to invite attention to its bearing upon the attitude of both\n\nPage 353", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 436753, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-387 - Individuals - 1911", "page_number": 143, "title": "CO129-387 - Individuals - 1911", "content_text": "A fête is under way, baby shall ...\n\nIt has taken some time to bring about definite programme.\n\nDelegates came ...\n\nThe Chairman ... Female delegates honored that steps should be taken to bring about programmes dealing with Shipping, Committee ...\n\nA Delegation will further the proposal.\n\nWe 4th Hamition 3,7 funt hampend immediate adjournment of Conference ...\n\nMake it indefinite ...\n\nIt is quite impossible to actuate when the Conference will find it work.\n\nThe Portuguese ... with hold an ...\n\nPage 137\n\nEn vertu de l'article I d'une ordonnance du 26 août 1911 (Bulletin des Lois n° 486) il est défendu d'exporter des Indes néerlandaises de l'opium cru ou préparé, de la morphine, des préparations d'opium, des produits solides et liquides contenant de l'opium ou de la morphine ou mélanges avec de l'opium ou de la morphine, de la cocaïne et de l'eucaïne α et β, ainsi que toutes autres matières qui peuvent être employées comme succédanés de la morphine, les seringues ou autres instruments pouvant servir à faire des injections hypodermiques de morphine et de stupéfiant analogues, vers les pays et les colonies que désignera le Gouverneur-Général et où la libre importation de ces matières et de ces instruments n'est pas permise, sous la réserve cependant que l'exportation en est autorisée si un certificat officiel établit que les articles en question peuvent être introduits aux lieux de destination.\n\nComme Colonie vers laquelle l'exportation sous la susdite réserve est défendue, le Gouverneur-Général a déjà désigné la Colonie britannique de Hongkong.\n\nOr le Gouvernement des Indes néerlandaises désirant savoir quels pays et quelles colonies, autres que Hongkong, ont interdit l'importation libre susindiquée, la Délégation néerlandaise a l'honneur de prier la Votre de bien vouloir la mettre en état de pouvoir satisfaire au désir exprimé.\n\nLa Haye, le 6 Décembre 1911,\n\nLa Délégation néerlandaise à la Conférence Internationale de l'Opium.\n\nJ. T. CREMER, Président.\n\nW. G VAN WETTUM, Secrétaire.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-387 - Individuals - 1911.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 437552, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]", "page_number": 208, "title": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]", "content_text": "COPY.\n\nHon. Colonial Secretary,\n\nMerchant Shipping Ordinance, S. 39 No. 48 of 1911. 203 65 PR 12\n\nI have had a conference this Saturday afternoon with the Crown Solicitor and we have been very carefully through the section: the amendments on the annexed sheets represent the result. Briefly the trouble arises from the distribution of \"junks\" into classes in the section, but without any definition, and from the existence in the Ordinance of a definition of \"junk\" already. The classification has been left to the regulations; and in order to avoid confusion between \"junk\" when used as referring to what are commonly known as junks, and the different classes of vessels which are not known as junks, but which are brought into the classification of \"junks\" in the old sub-s (2), we have called them all \"vessels\" for the purpose of this section only. It was difficult to find any other word, but by this limitation no trouble will arise, except in regard to sub-s. (27) which has been specially dealt with. The definition of \"vessel\" in the section includes the definition of \"junk\" in the Ordinance, and this enables the term \"junk\" to be used in the sub-section where it is intended to refer to junks only as usually understood.\n\nWhen approved I will introduce all the amendments in the new General Revision Ordinance. This is essential as the section cannot be printed as it stands and afterwards amended by the new Ordinance, for it is so involved as not to be quite intelligible in parts, and a new Ordinance would take a long time to get approved at Home.\n\nCertain alterations will also have to be made in the Tables, but these can be done when the principle above indicated has been accepted.\n\n(Sd.) F. T. Pigott. 9.3.12.\n\nAt a conference with the Harbour Master this morning, he agrees to the proposals.\n\n(Sd.) F. T. Pigott. 11.3.12.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 438884, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-392 - Governor Sir May - 1912 [9-10]", "page_number": 197, "title": "CO129-392 - Governor Sir May - 1912 [9-10]", "content_text": "But, Sir, in view of the chain of wireless stations which, we are told, are shortly to be erected to connect up the various portions of the Empire, it seems to me that, having regard to the very important and outlying position of this Colony, there should be no delay in forging the link which is to bind us to that chain. No doubt it is a wise precaution to delay, and very probably the last word has not yet been said in the matter of wireless telegraphy, but in these days of invention and rapid change the Colony of Hongkong cannot afford to stand still or wait. Already we lag behind. Witness the wireless stations in Japan and the Philippines, and even in parts of the neighbouring Republic of China, whilst Hongkong, probably the greatest, or one of the greatest shipping ports in the world, is, in the matter of wireless communication, dependent upon the courtesy or good offices of one of His Majesty's ships when they happen to be in port. It is not due to any lack of enterprise on the part of the commercial community that a wireless station has not already been established here, but we have to wait the pleasure of the Home Government in this matter. I do not think any of us doubt the wisdom of the decision arrived at by the Imperial Conference, that all wireless stations should be State controlled, but I think that this Council should urge to the utmost of its endeavours that the matter be not further delayed. Sir, I beg to second the motion made by my hon. and learned friend.\n\nHon. Mr. WEI-I am in favour of the resolution.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY-Gentlemen, I am sure we would all like to see Hongkong participating in any large scheme of radio-telegraphic communication throughout the Empire, but I think you must agree with me that the Government cannot accept this resolution. In the first place, the Government has no information whatever about this particular scheme—which is an Imperial scheme—referred to in the resolution. In the second place, the subject to which the hon. mover has referred is only the beginning of the debate in the House of Commons, and we do not even know whether the scheme has been adopted. In the third place, before this Government can commit itself to any such scheme it would naturally like to know some of the details as to participation in the cost or otherwise, cost of maintenance and participation in the revenue derived from the station. I have no information about any of these matters, and all I can do is to ask the Secretary of State for information about this scheme, to forward the resolution and the speeches of the hon. unofficial members who moved and seconded it, and to say they are very desirous that Hongkong should not be left out of the scheme. I think that if I do that the object with which the hon. members have moved and seconded this resolution will be met. As I do not wish to vote against the resolution, I suggest to the hon. members that they withdraw it. I would merely add, with reference to what the hon. mover said at the end of his speech about a local commercial station, that if he turns to his estimates he will find that we have provided a sum for that particular purpose, but that was a different subject altogether.\n\nHon. Mr. POLLOCK-With reference to that last point, we want to be in the long distance chain. I am speaking for myself, personally, as it occurs to me at the moment, and I can conceive, Sir, that it might even be a stumbling block in the way of obtaining something better hereafter if we started with a low power station to begin with. With reference to what has fallen from your Excellency as to dividing on this question, I think I should ask my unofficial colleagues present if they support me in what I have said, and with that I would be satisfied not to press the resolution to a division.\n\nSir KA Ho KAI--For myself, I am entirely in sympathy with the mover and seconder of the resolution, but if they consent to withdraw it I wish to express my own personal opinion in the matter. I entirely support it.\n\nPage 185\n\nHon. Mr. BONNAR-I am quite in accord with the sentiments expressed by my hon. and learned friend, but if, as your Excellency has promised, the views expressed in the resolution will be conveyed to the Secretary of State, I think the point will be met.\n\nHon. Mr. POLLOCK--I withdraw the resolution.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY-I will do what I promised to do.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-392 - Governor Sir May - 1912 [9-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 441014, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912", "page_number": 350, "title": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912", "content_text": "## Search of Ships\n\nIt was also suggested to me that each ship should, after she has finished loading, be taken down to Wenchew Bay and that she should be there searched before departure for Manila by a European Inspector and a staff of reliable detectives. All ships are searched at Manila on arrival by a staff of Customs officers and secret police, and I think that a similar step should be taken before departure from Hongkong, as it would no doubt favourably influence the Collector of Customs in any action he might think it necessary to take if opium were found on the ship at Manila notwithstanding the search made in Hongkong.\n\nIt seems to me that the responsibility for taking strong measures for the relief of the situation at this port devolves primarily upon the Hongkong Government for two reasons.\n\nFirstly, because the Hongkong Government was represented at the opium conference held at Shanghai in 1909 and is morally bound by clause 4 of the resolutions passed at that conference, which considers it the duty of all countries to adopt reasonable measures to prevent the shipment of opium at ports of departure to any country which prohibits its entry, as is the case in the Philippine Islands. This resolution is quoted by the shipping companies before referred to in their letter to the Colonial Secretary of August 19th, ultimo, copy of which is enclosed (`Enclosure 7`). Secondly, this identical resolution has been virtually incorporated in the provisions of the International Opium Convention held at the Hague in December, 1911, under Articles 2 and 3 of chapter 1, referring to raw opium... \n\n-5- \n347 \n\nPage 347", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 445081, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913", "page_number": 155, "title": "CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913", "content_text": "## Document Header\n**RESTRICTED**\n\nI attended conference at Secretariat today.\n\nThere were present Messrs. Mosside, Sie & Lundife, Butler, Hel, Myrward W. Leak C.B.E. and M. Malkin.\n\nWe discussed the question generally, the following points being raised:\n\n(i) Is there a demand for alteration of the law so as to require companies to show their principal place of business in Hong Kong (e.g., in Companies Register)?\n\n(ii) To what qualifications should registration be limited?\n\n(iii) How should alterations often how be effected.\n\nI pointed out that question (ii) raises a new text. The H.K. & Shanghai Banking Corporation covers foreign companies. Also that the Law Society, after considering a particular letter, decided that any alteration of this kind could not be canvassed until an amendment to the Companies Ordinance was made.\n\nI said that this would entail making it a condition on registration that the company has a place of business in Hong Kong.\n\nIt was noted that Section 735 of the Merchant Shipping Act allows amendment with regard to ships registered in the UK.\n\n(British ships statute Part VIII).\n\nfor the Under Secretary of State.\n\nI am to represent this office.\n\nMr. Robinson \n(Signed) H. J. READ.\n\nPage 154 \n Characlin 7 \n the British the Tempomis.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 446083, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-407 - Public Offices & Others - 1913", "page_number": 63, "title": "CO129-407 - Public Offices & Others - 1913", "content_text": "Any further communication should be addressed to:-\n\nTHE ASSISTANT SECRETARY, (MARINE DEPARTMENT)\n\nAnd the following letter and number should be quoted:-\n\nM.\n\n11018.\n\nTelegraphic address.\n\nBOARD TRADE, MARINE, LONDON.\n\n(Copy)\n\nC.O\n\n62\n\n13756\n\nRecd 24 APR 13\n\nMARINE DEPARTMENT,\n\n7. WHITEHALL GARDENS,\n\nLONDON, S.W.\n\n23rd April, 1913.\n\nSir,\n\nWith reference to your letter No. 5099/13 of the 13th February and previous correspondence on the subject of the registration of ships owned by Companies having their principal place of business in Chinese Treaty Ports. I am directed by the Board of Trade to state, for the information of Secretary Sir E. Grey, that in accordance with a decision arrived at at the Conference between representatives of the Foreign Office, Colonial Office and Board of Trade held on the 11th March, the files of correspondence have been examined with a view of ascertaining the strength of the case for taking action in this matter as shown by letters from the Companies concerned or from their representatives.\n\nIt appears that the letter from the China Association dated October 12th, 1910, of which a copy was forwarded to this Department by the Foreign Office on October 29th, 1910 is the only letter which has been received calling attention to the hardship caused to British shipping at Shanghai by the \"Tai Ning\" judgment and the Board do not consider that this letter by itself affords sufficient ground for considering the question of promoting or sanctioning special legislation on this subject.\n\nI am to suggest therefore that H. M. Consul General at Shanghai...\n\nThe Under Secretary of State,\n\nForeign Office,", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-407 - Public Offices & Others - 1913.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 446084, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-407 - Public Offices & Others - 1913", "page_number": 64, "title": "CO129-407 - Public Offices & Others - 1913", "content_text": "63\n\n1\n\n? werk at Shanghai might, as suggested at the Conference, be requested to inquire further into the matter, and to forward a report showing how great the grievance is which it is suggested should be remedied by an amendment of the registry law, and what is the magnitude of the commercial interests involved; also to what extent the difficulty could properly be met by registering the ships in the names of individual British subjects.\n\nThe members of the Conference were of opinion that on the whole it would probably be better if any action taken here were by means of a Hong Kong Ordinance, as amendment of Section 1 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, in this direction is considered to be undesirable. In this connection I am to point out that, as a Hong Kong Ordinance can only repeal the conditions of Section 1 of the Merchant Shipping Act so far as ships registered at Hong Kong are concerned, it would be necessary for the Shanghai Companies, in order to obtain the benefit of the Ordinance, to register their vessels at Hong Kong, and this might practically mean the closing of Shanghai as a port of registry.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour obedient Servant,\n\n(Signed) Ernest & Moggridge", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-407 - Public Offices & Others - 1913.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 449527, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-414 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [10-11]", "page_number": 209, "title": "CO129-414 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [10-11]", "content_text": "COUNCIL (6.11.14)\n\nHon. Mr. POLLOCK - Might I suggest that it would assist if we move the suspension of No. 26 of the Standing Orders.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY - You can do it that way.\n\nHon. Mr. POLLOCK - I beg to move that, Hon. Mr. WEI YUK seconds, and the motion was agreed to.\n\nHon. Mr. EWETT - The explanation of the Director of Public Works on all the points I have made is eminently satisfactory, but I think he slightly misunderstood me when I spoke on the question of the estimates for his department. I quite understand estimates ought to be made as closely as possible, and that is what we ask. We do not ask to have close estimates made for such buildings as the Law Courts and the Post Office. A decrease of $130,000 in 2 million is of course going as near as any reasonable man could expect to get. With regard to the hon. Colonial Treasurer's remarks on subsidiary coinage, I understand that $11,000,000 has been withdrawn from circulation. The original amount was about $38,000,000 or $40,000,000, and we require from $2,000,000 to $2,500,000 for our own use. As $11,000,000 is wiped out, that leaves $26,500,000. We may reasonably take it that about one-third of that at least has disappeared into bullion. Therefore, I presume that the Colonial Treasurer will be called upon to buy something like $13,000,000 or $14,000,000 more. That is further loss, and we stand to lose 15 or 16 per cent. on that sum of money. I wanted to arrive at some sort of estimate as to how much more this Colony will have to pay for the rehabilitation of its coinage.\n\nWith regard to what the Colonial Treasurer said about house rents, I think he overlooked the fact that in assessing the value of house property it is generally taken at 75 per cent. of the value; because there are always a certain number of houses which are empty. Therefore, I maintain that the present assessment, taken a year or two ago, is probably higher than any which has been taken in the last five years.\n\nWith regard to what was said about the railway, if $62,000 represents the cost of that coal, and good steaming engine coal is put into the tender, then it works out at a price of about $8 to $8.50, which is not excessive.\n\nThe COLONIAL SECRETARY - I can give you the figure. But in the yard the cost is $10.00 per ton.\n\nHon. Mr. POLLOCK - I was not dealing with the price. I was speaking of the value.\n\nHon. Mr. HEWETT - The price seems to me, even if it were $10 in the yard, not excessive. With regard to the procedure of the debate, I must say I am sorry I cannot refer to the old question. Were the Governor to get up and make his speech verbally, as I said, it would be very much more illuminating, and I don't think there is anything more to be gained by sitting in conference, as suggested by the Colonial Secretary, and it would be making a travesty of the debate if the whole thing were done in committee.\n\nWith regard to the moorings, your Excellency misunderstood what I have said. I entirely favour the relaying of the moorings, but I object to the new system and am afraid of it. Your Excellency has for the first time told us what the price is to be per diem for the use of these moorings, and I think the charge is very high, far higher than I charge for the use of my moorings when I let them to my friends. My point is that if it is necessary to relay the moorings I certainly think it is better to do so than to go to the vast expense of dredging the harbour, but let the shipping companies have their moorings in their present positions. Your Excellency speaks of relaying moorings once in four years.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY - No, we are taking them by degrees, ten a year.\n\nHon. Mr. HEWETT - Roughly speaking, there are 30 or 40 moorings, and the calculation is $10,000 a year to relay ten moorings. I would not attempt to leave my moorings down for four years. I remove mine every two years.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY - The hon. member does not understand me. We cannot take up the whole forty and relay them all at once because there would be no buoys available.\n\nHon. Mr. HEWETT - But you cannot dare to keep your moorings down for four years without relaying them.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY - I will make a note of that.\n\nHon. Mr. HEWETT - I remove mine every two years. Even then in that condition I have seen steamers break away from their moorings in a typhoon and go down the harbour.\n\nWith regard to the question of the annual accounts rendered, I still think it would be of very great assistance if we could have a detail of the revised estimates put in the body of the accounts, because in many cases there is a large difference between the estimates and the original revised estimates.\n\nNow, Sir, I beg to move the elimination from the account of the amount of $10,000 voted for the Harbour Master's Department.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY - You had better wait until we get into Committee to do that.\n\nHon. Mr. HEWETT - Very good, Sir.\n\nThe motion was then put to the meeting, and the Bill was read a second time.\n\nCouncil then went into Committee to consider the Bill clause by clause.\n\nHon. Mr. HEWETT then moved the rejection of the vote of $10,000 for the Harbour Master's Department.\n\nHon. Mr. POLLOCK seconded.\n\nThe motion was declared lost, but Hon. Mr. HEWETT wished to divide.\n\nA division was taken, and resulted as follows:-\n\nFor: Hon. Mr. Lau Chu Pak, Hon. Mr. HEWETT, Hon. Mr. POLLOCK, Hon. Mr. WEI YUK.\n\nAgainst: The Captain Superintendent of Police, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, the Director of Public Works, the Colonial Treasurer, the Attorney-General, the Colonial Secretary and the General Officer Commanding.\n\nHon. Mr. HEWETT then moved the postponement of the estimates for a fortnight. Hon. Mr. WEI YUK seconded, but the motion on being put to the meeting was lost, the unofficials being for and the officials against it.\n\nOn Council resuming,\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL reported that the Bill had passed through Committee without amendment, and moved that it be read a third time and passed.\n\nThe COLONIAL TREASURER seconded, and the Bill was read a third time and passed.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY - Council adjourned sine die.\n\n206", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-414 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [10-11].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 455615, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-424 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [9-10]", "page_number": 311, "title": "CO129-424 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [9-10]", "content_text": "... £ \n\nThe fact that British Merchants have in the past so neglected the export trade of China, except in large staples such as tea and silk, that it is very difficult to engage an Englishman at the present time who has the requisite knowledge to prove a successful buyer of Chinese produce.\n\nIn my opinion, the enterprise of a man like Mr. Hannibal, who is a shrewd man of business, is to be encouraged. But the Conference is throwing every obstacle in his way and, having refused to carry his cargo even when purchased in Hongkong by himself, they are now complaining of his shipping cargo by neutral steamers running to the Netherlands India and thence to Europe; and in certain quarters, it is inferred that his action in so doing shows lack of bona fides.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour most obedient,\nhumble servant,\nA.N.\nGovernor, &c.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-424 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [9-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 456411, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-425 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [10-12]", "page_number": 577, "title": "CO129-425 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [10-12]", "content_text": "526\n\n..Da\n\nmergelet 3000 to noide(ansTT\n\nSTATE 70 YĦATEHOUS\n\nParaphrase of CYPHER Telegram\n\n563\n\nΠΟΤΗ\n\nFrom\n\nSECRETARY OF STATE\n\nCOLEHMOH' HONGKONG*\n\nTO\n\nGOVERNOR, HONGKONG.\n\nalli „TedmeosG ddV\n\nJeC\n\nDate\n\n10th December, 1918.\n\n-20qo19 .Ilo book .Tedrevoй biCS to mergelet Tuot „ateoilijyeo s'JaUIT to moitoubory of toatɗwa bavorqqe 6.\n\nWAI HAMOS\n\nRefer to my cypher telegram dated the 23rd November.\n\nH.M's Government has made the following arrangements with\n\nthe Eastern Outward Conference Lines New York:-\n\n1. Goods consigned to enemy firms appearing on the\n\nBlack List for China and Siam from ports in the United\n\nStates will not be carried by ships belonging to the Conference lines. A list of such enemy firms has been supplied\n\nto them.\n\n2. A warning will be given to shippers of goods to\n\nfirms not appearing on the White List that their goods\n\nmay be detained.\n\n3. Ships will call at British port before touching at\n\nChinese and Siamese ports.\n\n4. In return no interference on the high seas will be\n\nmade with Conference ships, but exactly the same treatment\n\nshould be given to goods landed from Conference ships for\n\ntranshipment to Siam or China as to goods so landed from\n\nother steamers.\n\nThe Shipping lines concerned will in fact if not openly co-operate with you in any policy which may be decided on.\n\nThe following arrangements as regards goods brought\n\ninto port in transit to or from Siam and China and not landed\n\nfor transhipment have been decided on:-\n\n(A). In the case of China.\n\n(1). No interference should be made with goods on\n\nneutral ships.\n\n(2). No interference should be made with goods\n\nshipped from the U.S.A. on Conference steamers.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-425 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 456425, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-425 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [10-12]", "page_number": 591, "title": "CO129-425 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [10-12]", "content_text": "Page 526\n\nParaphrase of Cypher Telegram\n\nFrom\n\nSECRETARY OF STATE\n\nTO\n\nGOVERNOR, HONGKONG.\n\nDate\n\n10th December, 1918.\n\n583\n\nRefer to my cypher telegram dated the 23rd November. H.M.'s Government has made the following arrangements with the Eastern Outward Conference Lines New York:-\n\n1. Goods consigned to enemy firms appearing on the Black Lists for China and Siam from ports in the United States will not be carried by ships belonging to the Conference lines. A list of such enemy firms has been supplied to them.\n\n2. A warning will be given to shippers of goods to firms not appearing on the White Lists that their goods may be detained.\n\n3. Ships will call at British port before touching at Chinese and Siamese ports.\n\n4. In return no interference on the high seas will be made with Conference ships, but exactly the same treatment should be given to goods landed from Conference ships for transhipment to Siam or China as to goods landed from other steamers.\n\nThe shipping lines concerned will in fact if not openly co-operate with you in any policy which may be decided on.\n\nThe following arrangements as regards goods brought into port in transit to or from Siam and China and not landed for transhipment have been decided on:-\n\n(A) In the case of China.\n\n(1) No interference should be made with goods on neutral ships.\n\n(2) No interference should be made with goods shipped from the U.S.A. on Conference steamers.\n\nPage 527", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-425 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 456676, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-425 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [10-12]", "page_number": 842, "title": "CO129-425 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [10-12]", "content_text": "December 24th, 1915.]\n\nCHINA OVERLAND TRADE REPORT.\n\nNEW HARBOUR OF REFUGE!\n\nMEMORIAL STONE OFFICIALLY LAID BY H.E. THE GOVERNOR.\n\nSTORY OF A GREAT UNDERTAKING.\n\n833\n\nof being very restricted in area and very expensive to construct. Finally, on the 4th January, 1908, the Public Works Committee, to whom the question had been referred, agreed unanimously to recommend that the Mongkoktsui site, where we now stand, be adopted.\n\nAs soon as the site had been settled, the necessary preliminary plans and estimates were prepared and, on the 7th March, 1908, a despatch, submitting the scheme for approval, was forwarded to the Secretary of State for the Colonies by Sir Frederick Lugard, a reply by cable being asked for. The scheme was referred by the Secretary of State to Messrs. Coode, Son and Matthews, Consulting Engineers for Colonial projects of such a nature, and, on the 13th July, 1908, a telegram was received stating that the Consulting Engineers considered some modifications in the design necessary and thought them of sufficient importance to justify a consultation with the officer who had prepared the scheme. After further telegraphic correspondence, the late Mr. Boulton, who had designed the work, left for London on the 15th August, returning on the 9th November.\n\nWithout waiting for the final adjustment of all questions, the dredging operation for the breakwater was begun on the 2nd September, 1908. Dredging operations continued until the end of January, 1910.\n\nThe necessary modifications in the design, resulting from the conference of Mr. Boulton with the Consulting Engineers were made and, as the final approval of the Secretary of State, including the approval of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, was received on the 28th January, 1909, the preparation of the detailed drawings and other documents required in connection with the construction of the work was proceeded with, an ordinance authorizing the construction of such works being passed by the Legislative Council in November, 1909.\n\nThe Hon. Director of Public Works said: We are assembled here to-day to mark the completion of one of the largest and most important public works ever undertaken in this Colony.\n\nHitherto, the only place of secure refuge for small craft during the fierce storms which periodically sweep across our harbour has been Causeway Bay, which was protected by a breakwater in 1883. The area enclosed by that breakwater is 57 acres, the greater part of which is, however, dry, or practically so, at extreme low water. The cost of the work was $496,500.\n\nAs the time passed by, it became obvious that the requirements of the Port had outgrown the accommodation available. Unless sampans and junks got sail for Causeway Bay as soon as the approach of a storm was heralded, they were unlikely to gain admission, whilst their early withdrawal, coupled with the fact that they were obliged to remain in shelter until all signs of the storm had disappeared, gave rise to complaints by the shipping firms that their operations in loading and unloading vessels were unduly interfered with.\n\nAttention was called to the matter in December, 1903, when Mr. Gershom Stewart, M.P., who was then a member of the Legislative Council, brought before Council the following resolution: \"That, in the opinion of the Council, it is advisable to increase if possible the means of shelter for cargo boats and sampans during the typhoon season.\" His resolution was passed unanimously, the Acting Colonial Secretary stating that the Government were fully aware of the need for such additional accommodation and that only lack of funds had prevented steps being taken towards providing it.\n\nIt is fitting that Your Excellency should perform the ceremony of laying this Memorial stone as it was during Your Excellency's term of office as Officer Administering the Government, in 1910, that the contract with Messrs. Him Tai was entered into.\n\nI now ask you, Sir, to lay this stone and for this purpose I have to hand you this trowel, mallet and spirit-level, which are the gift of the contractors, Messrs. Him Tai. (Applause).\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY then officiated with the silver tools presented him by the Hon. Mr. Chatham, and declared the stone \"well and truly laid,\" amid applause.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY said the only regret he had that afternoon was that the late Mr. G. C. Boulton was not there that day. He was an extraordinarily efficient man, and the Colony owed a great deal to him, and most of all for this splendid breakwater.\n\nHis Excellency wished that he was there to see the rest of the work which he designed with such capacity and skill. The Hon. Mr. Chatham had referred, and rightly so, to the good work done by Mr. Jaffé, who carried out the work, with the assistance of Duncan.\n\nOn the departure of Mr. Boulton from the Colony in April, 1910, the works were placed under the charge of Mr. Jaffé and in June of that year, tenders were called for.\n\nAs the project was one of very considerable magnitude and several English firms had expressed a wish to tender for its execution, arrangements were made to enable them to do so and consequently it was not until the 27th October, 1910 that a Contract was entered into with Messrs. Him Tai, whose tender was the lowest.\n\nThough grave doubts were expressed by some as to the wisdom of entrusting a contract of such magnitude to a firm of local contractors, the action taken has been amply justified. Not only has the work been completed within the contract time (3 years), but, in point of excellence and finish, it will bear comparison with any work of a similar kind anywhere.\n\nThis mighty breakwater, with its 830,000 tons of stone, is a lasting memorial to the Chinese contractors, Messrs. Him Tai, and his junkmen, and his coolies. It reflects the greatest credit upon Mr. Jaffé and his assistant, Mr. Duncan, who have supervised it from start to finish and also upon the Contractors, Messrs. Him Tai, who have displayed a praiseworthy readiness to give effect to suggestions made to them for the efficient execution of the work.\n\nThe pier at the southern entrance and platform around the stone were gaily decorated with bunting.\n\nMeanwhile, the selection of a site for the new Harbour of Refuge had been under discussion, the sites considered, in addition to the one finally adopted, being Cheungshawan, Stonecutters Island, Kellett's Bank and Kennedy Town.\n\nI will not weary you with figures but it may interest you to know that the breakwater upon which we stand consists of a mass of stone, 3,325 feet, or roughly five-eighths of a mile in length, 182 feet in width at the base and 44 feet in height.\n\nMr. Jaffé adopted extremely beneficial suggestions for the expediting of the work and these suggestions were so good that they saved the Colony a nice round sum of about £100,000. (Applause).\n\nPage 24", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-425 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 460335, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]", "page_number": 468, "title": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]", "content_text": "64\n\ncontraband) can be carried on by British subjects resident and trading in China with the subjects of hostile powers.\n\n1. Within the limits of China.\n\n2. Beyond these limits.\n\nConsul-General to Shanghai Branch\n\n(a) British subjects in China cannot claim a \"neutral domicile.\"\n\n(b) All contracts with enemy subjects are suspended or extinguished on declaration of war.\n\n(c) The courts of law are closed to each other's subjects and therefore no contract with an enemy subject can be enforced by legal process.\n\n(d) There is no question of a license for British subjects to go on trading with the enemy at their pleasure as though a state of war did not exist.\n\n(e) H.M. Government would not expect a British subject to forego a profit or incur a loss when no tangible gain to his country or damage to the enemy is involved.\n\n(f) Transactions wholly confined to China and coming within the terms of paragraph (c) are not reprehensible.\n\nThe line taken by the Foreign Office is as follows:-\n\nForeign Office to Shipping Conference.\n\n(1) The transactions prohibited in Proclamation of 9th September are transactions with Germany or Austria.\n\n(2) A German or Austrian whose commercial domicile is in China cannot be considered, for this purpose, \"resident or carrying on business in Germany or Austria.\"\n\n(3) It is not legally forbidden for British shipowners to accept shipments made by German or Austrian merchants from ports in the Far East to\n\nBritish,Alliedports\nor Neutral\n\n(a) provided that the shipper's commercial domicile is in a neutral or allied country.\n\n(b) and provided that no enemy territory is involved.\n\n(4) The transaction would be prohibited if it were in effect one with a firm or person established in enemy territory, the shipper in the neutral country being merely an Agent.\n\n(5) The shipowner must, if the goods to be carried are contraband, be satisfied that they are not intended ultimately for use in an enemy country.\n\n(6) Referring to No. 2 (F.O. 7/11/14).\n\nH.M. Government has never recognised the German claim that German concessions in China are German territory:\n\n(a) therefore it is prepared to make no distinction between Germans and Austrians resident in German concessions and those whose commercial domicile is situated elsewhere in China:\n\n(b) but regard both classes alike as being situated in a neutral country.\n\n(7) Re Article 6, Proclamation 9th September, which provides:\n\nWhere an Enemy has a branch locally situated in British, allied or neutral territory, not being neutral territory in Europe, transactions by or with such branch shall not be considered as transactions with or by an enemy.\n\nThe Foreign Office adds that the transaction in question must be really with the branch and not in effect with the Head Office.\n\nProclamation 9th September. Trading with the Enemy. Paragraph 3. The expression \"enemy\" in this Proclamation means:\n\nAny person or body of persons of whatever nationality resident or carrying on business in the enemy country:\n\nbut does not include:\n\npersons of enemy nationality who are neither resident nor carrying on business in the enemy country.\n\nChina Association Shanghai Circular to Members. October 26th.\n\n1. The shipping of cargo by a German firm in British bottoms to allied or neutral ports does not infringe the terms of the King's Proclamation.\n\n2. With the object of preventing or restricting supplies reaching the enemy through neutral countries, Marine Insurance Companies in England have agreed that all policies covering war risks to neutral countries shall contain the following clause:-\n\n\"Warranted free from any claim arising from capture, seizure, or detention by\n\n\"the British Government or their allies.\"\n\nPage 465", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 460337, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]", "page_number": 470, "title": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]", "content_text": "68\n\nExtract from a letter from the Tientsin Branch, dated 17th November, 1914.\n\nThis question of trading with the enemy has been occupying the attention of my Committee for some considerable time, the opinion being very generally held that existing conditions permit an undesirable latitude to German and Austrian firms. I enclose a rough summary of a meeting of the Committee in conference with representatives of all interests in this Port from which you will gather an impression of local opinion. A copy of this summary has been forwarded to Shanghai, Hongkong, and Hankow, and at present we are in receipt of strong support from the last-named place. At the same time, His Majesty's Minister has been apprised of the existence of the views entertained locally on this important subject and is understood to be far from unsympathetic.\n\nWe shall keep you fully informed of the course of the discussion, and as you will gather from the enclosure in this connection, it is improbable that any action will take place unless there is a strong sense of unanimity in the chief trade centres as represented by the China Branches.\n\nMEMORANDUM BY CHAIRMAN OF TIENTSIN BRANCH ON TRADING WITH THE ENEMY.\n\nThis subject has been occupying the attention of my Committee for some considerable time, as it is thought that the present conditions permit an undesirable latitude in these relations. We presume that the conditions which prevail here are identical throughout the Treaty Ports of China. But in order that we may be sure that we stand on common ground, I enclose copies of two circulars dated the 13th October last, addressed to the British Banking and Shipping firms in this port. They represent the result of an express application to His Majesty's Minister for instructions.\n\nThe feeling here is very strong in several quarters that the position thus constituted is a very unsatisfactory one. It is thought that steps should be taken whereby German firms should be subjected to all possible commercial pressure. At the same time, every effort should be made to take advantage of the present situation to the permanent improvement of British trade at the expense of that of Germany.\n\nIn these circumstances, my Committee held a meeting last night, at which they met some fifteen representatives of the principal British interests, whom they had invited to join them in conference. The meeting was unanimous in the sense that representations should be made for the application of far more stringent conditions than those which\n\n69\n\nat present apply. The belief was expressed that full enquiry into trade conditions would show the soundness of such a course.\n\nThe following general lines of argument were developed:\n\n(1) In the Far East, it should be practicable to render German trade virtually impossible, subject to the condition of effective combination among the Allies.\n\n(2) It was recognised that the foundation of any action must rest in the main upon such disabilities, if any, as it might be found expedient to impose upon the Financial and Shipping interests.\n\n(3) The Financial and Shipping interests would suffer in the immediate future from any restrictions at the present time, but it was believed that this would only be of a temporary nature. The trade of China could not come to a standstill simply by reason of the Germans being compelled to remain inactive. The trade must find other channels, which, in practice, would be through houses of the Allied Powers.\n\n(4) The fact was not overlooked that British manufacturers would be deprived of several of the agencies through which they reach the Chinese. But here, too, the consequences would be only temporary. The trade would find its way largely into British hands. This would afford an opportunity for re-constituting the Import Trade on sound lines. This argument was strongly emphasised. It was pointed out that the valuable results thus achieved would long outlast the war. The economic effects of the war in Germany must spell the ruin of their credit system. British merchants had been robbed of a large share of their Import trade in past years by the unsound terms on which alone the bulk of the business could be done. But if the import trade were once established on sound lines, there could be no question of the British merchant's ability to compete with his German rival.\n\n(5) Incalculable harm is being done to British credit in China by the German campaign of calumny. Measures forcing the German houses to commercial inactivity, which in many cases would involve permanent extinction, would provide a practical answer which it is thought might bring something of the real truth home to the Chinese mind.\n\nSuch roughly may be said to be our position.\n\nThe meeting concluded by strengthening our Committee by the addition of four of those present to go into the matter from all points of view and prepare a memorandum for His Majesty's Minister. At the same time, it was determined to act in conjunction with the other branches of the China Association, and we shall submit to you a copy of the draft of our memorandum as soon as it is completed. But in the meantime, we shall be glad to hear from you by telegram whether you are of opinion that you will be able to accord your support to the general principle of the foregoing views.\n\n467", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 460342, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]", "page_number": 475, "title": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]", "content_text": "78\n\nbehalf of the owner of the goods that he was domiciled in a neutral country, viz., China, and that therefore the goods were the property of a neutral and should be released. The Court held, that under extra-territoriality Germans cannot acquire a Chinese domicile either personal or commercial, and must be treated as having a German domicile, in other words, that they were in the same position as Germans living and trading in Germany.\n\nIf the Prize Court at Alexandria is correct in its interpretation of the law, it seems to follow that all Germans in China are alien enemies and cannot invoke the neutrality of China to cover their trading.\n\nIn that case it is submitted that all dealings between them and British subjects, which have already been declared to be undesirable, have been, from the date of the King's Proclamation, and remain, illegal and prohibited,\n\nMy Committee request that this view of the case may be laid before the Board of Trade as supplementary to what was said at the recent Conference on behalf of the Association.\n\nH.M. Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Foreign Office, Downing Street, S.W.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\nF. ANDERSON, Chairman.\n\nChina Association to Foreign Office.\n\n79\n\nOur Tientsin Committee have again urged that this question of trading with the enemy in China should be reconsidered by His Majesty's Government, and they express the opinion strongly held by British subjects in China, that trading should be prohibited even if that course involved a sacrifice on the part of certain British traders. My Committee are satisfied that prohibition would involve no sacrifice for the trade of the country as a whole, and if some temporary dislocation of the channels through which a portion of the trade has passed should arise, from eliminating Germans, the eventual result will be to place the trade between this country and China on a sounder basis.\n\nThe whole question has recently been re-opened at a meeting of representatives summoned by the President of the Board of Trade on the 4th instant, when those who advocate the continuance of business with Germans in China, as if a state of war did not exist, had an opportunity of putting forward their case; my Committee hope that the discussion at that meeting will result in a modification of the attitude towards this question hitherto taken by His Majesty's Government.\n\nAs bearing further on this matter, my Committee learn that on the 13th of this month the New York Eastern Conference of British shipping lines, decided not to carry any enemy merchandise in their steamers from Manila, China, Japan or the Straits Settlements to America. This decision brings about the somewhat anomalous state of affairs that while Germans in the Far East are restricted to comparatively few American and Japanese steamers for carrying on their trade with America, they still have every facility from British shipping lines for trading with the United Kingdom.\n\nMy Committee would respectfully urge that as this question has now been under consideration for an extended period definite steps should be taken shortly to prohibit further trading with the enemy in China during the continuance of the war.\n\nChina Association,\n\nSIR,\n\n99, Cannon Street, London, EC.\n\n17th May, 1915.\n\nI have the honour to enclose copy of another telegram from Tientsin on the subject of trading with the enemy, as follows:-\n\nLocal feeling regards it as imperative to cut off all business with Germans, even at a sacrifice which should be noted is not confined to Manchester urge all possible further effort secure stringent legislation to stop German trade without delay, German misrepresentations directed from German concession with the object of undermining British position in China, becoming increasingly active virulent lying and dangerous.\n\nH.M. Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Foreign Office, Downing Street, S.W.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\nF. ANDERSON, Chairman.\n\n472", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 462009, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6]", "page_number": 642, "title": "CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6]", "content_text": "## REFORMS DESIRED\n\n### CANADA AND INDIA\n\nThe first Indian National Congress assembled for business in the Tejpal Samskrit College, Bombay, on December 28th, 1885. The deliberations of the congress were formulated in the shape of resolutions demanding from the administration certain concrete reforms. The first resolution was for a Royal Commission to enquire into the working of the Indian administration. The tribute from India was a heavy drain on the Indian taxpayer. They asked for simultaneous examination for the Indian Civil Service in India and in England. Another resolution reads: \"That this congress considers the reform and expansion of the Supreme and existing Local Legislative Councils by the admission of a considerable proportion of elected members essential, and holds that all budgets should be referred to these Councils for consideration, their members being, moreover, empowered to interpellate the Executive in regard to all branches of the administration.\" These resolutions were sent to the proper quarters.\n\nThe next session of the congress met in Calcutta in Christmas week, 1886, and ever since then they have met every Christmas in nearly all the most important centres of India. The assembly has been presided over by men well-known for their probity and service. The congress movement has drawn to its fold such names as the late Mahadev Govind Ranade, Surendro Nath Banerjea (\"the uncrowned King of Bengal\"), Krishna Kumar Mitra, Motilal Ghosh (editor of the Amrita Bazar Patrika), Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Dadabhai Naoroji, S. Subramania Iyer, Pherozshah Mehta, Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, Lala Lajpat Rai, and the late Gopal Krishna Gokhale, founder of the Servants of India Society.\n\n### INDIA NOT PROPERLY UNDERSTOOD\n\nIn welcoming the second congress in Calcutta, Dr. Rajindralal Mittra, the famous scholar, said: \"We live not under a National Government, but under a foreign bureaucracy; our foreign rulers are foreigners by birth, religion, language, habits, by everything that divides humanity into different sections. They cannot possibly dive into our hearts, they cannot ascertain our wants, our feelings, our aspirations. They may try their best, and I have no reason to doubt that many of our Governors have tried hard to ascertain our feelings and our wants; but owing to their peculiar position they have failed to ascertain them.\"\n\n### BITTER POVERTY OF INDIA\n\nHon. Dadabhai Naoroji, who later on sat in the Imperial House of Commons, was the president of this session. He laid stress on the bitter poverty of India. Mr. D. E. Wacha, who afterwards became secretary of the congress, said that the condition of the ryots, or peasants, had steadily deteriorated since 1848, and that forty millions of people had only one meal a day, and not always that. The main cause is the tribute to Great Britain, exported to fructify there, and swell still further the unparalleled wealth of those distant isles, never in any shape to return here to bless the country from whose soil it was wrung, or the people, the sweat of whose brow it represents.\n\nAnother delegate spoke of the extortion of the revenue authorities.\n\n### INDIA SPEAKS\n\nAnother resolution, and the most important, was moved by Raja Rampal Singh, a well-known public man from North India, appealing to the Government to sanction volunteering. The moral debasement caused by the disarmament of the whole nation, was and is felt acutely. He said: \"We are deeply grateful to the Government for all the good that it has done us, but we cannot be grateful to it when it is, no matter with what best of intentions, doing us a terrible and irreparable injury. We cannot be grateful to it for degrading our natures, for systematically crushing out of us all martial spirit, for converting a race of soldiers and heroes into a timid flock of quill-driving sheep. Thank God, things have not yet gone quite so far as this. There are some of us yet, everywhere, who would be willing to draw sword, and if needful lay down our lives, for hearth and homes, aye, and for the support and maintenance of that Government to which we owe so much. But this is what we are coming to... and when we once come to that, then I think that, despite the glories of the Pax Britannica, despite the noble intentions of Great Britain, despite all the good she may have done or tried to do us, the balance will be against her, and India will have to regret rather than rejoice that she has ever had anything to do with England.\n\n\"This may be strong language, but it is the truth; nothing can ever make amends to a nation for the destruction of its national spirit, and of the capacity to defend itself and the soil from which it springs.\n\n\"High and low, we are losing all knowledge of the use of arms, and with this that spirit of self-reliance which enables a man to dare, which makes men brave, which makes them worthy of the name of men.\n\n\"I might dwell on the fact that in the way the Arms Act is now worked in many localities, the people, their herds, their crops, are wholly at the mercy of the wild beasts. I might dwell on the insult, the injustice, the violation of the most sacred and solemn pledges by England to India, that are involved in the rules that permit Indian Christians, but do not permit Indian Hindus or Mohammedans to volunteer.\" This resolution was carried, and yet 29 years later the Arms Act is still on the Statute Book, and no Hindus or Mohammedans are permitted to defend their hearths and homes. In this connection, it is well to remember that although even in France and Russia the native Algerians and Moslem Russians and others can get commissions in the army and command regiments, no native of India can get a commission or ever join a military college in India, paid for and supported by the taxpayers of India. The congress has passed resolutions every year asking that commissions be granted to Indians, but to no purpose.\n\n### SELF-GOVERNMENT THE GOAL\n\nThe first and foremost plank in the congress is, of course, **Swaraj**, or self-government. Indians are at every step reminded of being a subject race. They want a Government national in spirit and an administration that will feel that India's interests are its first consideration. India wants to be governed by Indians, who will know the real sentiments and desires of the people. The government of the people by the people and for the people is the watchword. If \"Canada for the Canadians\" holds good, why not \"India for the Indians\"! That does not mean hostility to anyone, but it does mean a federated India consisting of various autonomous provinces or States, under one whole. When Indians were harshly treated in South Africa and Canada, things would have been far different if they had some representatives to look after their interests in those countries.\n\n\"No taxation without representation\" is the first commandment in the Englishman's political Bible; how can he falter with his conscience and tax us here, his free and educated fellow-subjects, as if we were dumb sheep or cattle? But we are not dumb any longer. India has found a voice at last in this great congress, and in it, and through it, we call on England to be true to her traditions, her instincts, and herself, and grant us our rights as free-born British citizens.\" So said the famous scholar, Pandit Madan Mohun Malaviya, who long afterwards became one of the founders of the Hindu University of Benares.\n\nAnother plank in the platform of the congress is the separation of judicial and executive functions. In India, the police is the handmaiden of the bureaucracy, and very often the prosecutor and the judge are the same person, and not as in advanced countries, where the two offices are separate. The police, even according to the official class, is not exactly what it ought to be. For carrying out impartial justice, it is absolutely essential that the two functions be not in the same hand.\n\n### SWADESHI AND PROTECTION\n\nThe third great plank is **Swadeshi** or promotion of home-made goods. In Canada, there is the \"Made-in-Canada\" programme, but not so with India. The authorities looked askance at this. Although Indian industries are hampered at every step, e.g., there is a countervailing duty of 3 1/2 per cent on cotton goods manufactured in India herself. (One wonders if there is any country in the wide world which has this curious anomaly of imposing a tax on her own manufactures, and yet this is so in India.)\n\nGerman and Austrian goods were dumped on India's shores. German and Austrian ships, flying the flags of the Central Empires, called regularly at Bombay and other Indian ports, although Indian shipping, which was well-known all over the Orient in the past, has on account of unfair competition been swept away. **Swadeshi** demands that home-made goods be given preference to foreign manufactures, and as the Government of India is not national, the Nationalists, if they had their day, would have protection for India's infant industries, and are trying to do the next best thing, which is promoting the industries of India.\n\n### COMPULSORY EDUCATION ESSENTIAL\n\nThe congress has, through the efforts of the late Mr. Gokhale, passed a resolution demanding free and compulsory education. It seems strange that in a country like India, which has been under British control for over a century, education is not so advanced as in the Philippines, which during the last ten or fifteen years have made wonderful progress under American suzerainty. Even in States like Baroda, which is under an Indian prince, and where there is a purely Indian administration, the system of elementary education has been made free and compulsory both for boys and girls. Why not in India, with all her efficient administration?\n\nThe congress has in most of the Provinces a Provincial Committee, holding a conference every year, where the Nationalist sentiment finds expression. The head offices for the All-India National Congress are at Madras, there being two secretaries, Nawab Sayed Mohammed and Mr. Subba Row. G. A. Natesan & Co., of Madras, have published some interesting literature on the congress. They also issue every year a book giving the proceedings of the congress.\n\n## CANADA AND INDIA\n\n### INDIAN ASPIRATIONS TO-DAY\n\nIn a pamphlet dealing with India and the war, Mr. Bhupendra Nath Basu, ex-member of the Imperial Legislative Council of India and President of the Indian National Congress, held in Madras at Christmas, 1914, writes:\n\n\"There is in India a spirit of frank recognition of the benefits of British rule and of its immense potentialities for good, if carried on under the lead of the British democracy and free from the trammels of constant tutelage, which certain Anglo-Indian administrators would like to impose upon it. Several generations in India were born and lived during the reign of Queen Victoria. To her, as their great Queen and Mother, from whom emanated the great charter of their rights and liberties, the Indian people were passionately attached and devoted. This feeling of personal attachment and devotion has been greatly stimulated and strengthened by the visits to India of members of the Royal Family. They knew how to say and to do the right thing at the right moment, and by their inbred courtesy and geniality of manner, they have helped to soften the atmosphere of aloofness which some British officials, under the erroneous sense of dignity and prestige, at times surround themselves.\n\n### INDIAN DEMAND FOR EDUCATION\n\nThe visit of the King and Queen, as the visible embodiment of sovereignty, and the generous and noble utterances of the King in his various addresses in India, did much to hearten the people in their faith in the ultimate fulfilment of the great Proclamation of Queen Victoria, for hopes deferred had made them falter. The Indian people justly demand a great extension of education among the masses, for it is the foundation of all progress, and the words of the King in his reply to the address of the University of Calcutta have been taken by them as a fresh landmark in the development of education in India. His Majesty said: \"It is my wish that there may be spread over the land a network of schools and colleges, from which will go forth loyal and manly and useful citizens, able to hold their own in the industries and agriculture and all the vocations in life. And it is my wish, too, that the homes of my Indian subjects may be brightened and their labour sweetened by the spread of knowledge with all that follows in its train, a higher level of thought, of comfort, and of health. It is through education that my wish will be fulfilled, and the cause of education in India will ever be close to my heart.\"\n\n### WANTS CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS\n\nThese are precious words to the Indian people as the declaration by the Sovereign of a policy which must be carried out. Great and far-reaching as have been the benefits of British rule in India, it has not yet risen to the full height of the British people in whose name and on whose behalf it is administered, nor of the people, heirs to an ancient civilization, for whose benefit the great Queen asked Divine help to administer her rule. Important questions, such as the right to carry arms, to enlist as volunteers, to enter the commissioned ranks of the Army, the recognition of equal citizenship in British colonies, the better administration of justice, a more equitable participation in the government of the country, still await solution, and India has necessarily felt at times sore and heart-sick; but there never has been any desire to break away. India has definitely set herself to forge ahead.\n\n### WORKING FOR SWARAJ\n\nShe has never doubted. Her heart has been wholly with British rule; the foundations of her faith and loyalty have been too well and firmly laid to be lightly disturbed; all that she desires is that British rule in India should be compatible with the self-respect of her people, growing in education, knowledge, and experience; that it should develop into a rule by the people as part of the British Empire as was foreseen and foretold by the great statesmen who moulded her destinies in the early part of the nineteenth century. And India has been working towards this goal; she realizes it must be a slow and laborious process.\n\n### INDIAN NATIONALISM AND THE WAR\n\nMr. John Matthai, in a recent pamphlet on \"Indian Nationalism and the War,\" says: \"The effect of the war will for the present be confined to the educated class in India, whose importance, however, is not to be measured by their number. It has shown them to be a loyal body, willing to co-operate with the Government. At the same time, it will strengthen the spirit of nationalism among them. The primary cause of the hostile element in the Indian Nationalism is the extent to which Indians are shut out of the higher offices; to remedy this is the immediate necessity. In the meantime, the question of elective Government and the extent of its possible application must be carefully weighed and thought out before any large committal is made. On the positive side, nationalism will be prompted under the influence of the war to devote itself more than before to the condition of the masses. This added sense of social needs will strengthen the desire for security and peace; it will also lead to a deeper cultivation of the ancient spirituality of the race.\n\n\"If these considerations are at all valid, it may be added that there is nothing in them to alarm or to alienate either people. There is much to give hope and confidence to both. There have been things in the past to hurt and wound. They need not have been. But it seems we have decided to forget the things of the past. In the face of the un-speakable tragedy which is enacted before our eyes, in which men of many nations are mingling their blood for a common cause, we can afford to fix our eyes away from the past across this vale of tears, on the love and hope and abiding peace of the future. There was no black and brown and white in the blood which flowed from Calvary. Nor is there in the warm, precious, human blood which flows over the battle-fields of Europe. All of it is red alike, and every drop of it, without distinction of race, betokens the sob of a broken mother-heart. Therefore, while this great elemental struggle is driving us back to a sense of eternal values, let us put back—all of us, both those who won and those who lost, those who laughed and those who wept—let us put back the things that divide and hold fast to the things that bind.\"\n\n### DR. BOSE AT CALCUTTA\n\nDr. Jagdish Chandra Bose, D.Sc., C.S.I., C.I.E., the famous Hindu scientist, has arrived in India after his travels in Europe, America, Japan, and the Far East. The other day, an address of welcome was presented to him at Madura, and recently a reception in his honour was held at the Ram Mohan Library at Calcutta.\n\nInspired by his visits to the ancient universities of India at Taxila, at Nalanda, and at Conjeevram, Dr. Bose had the strongest confidence that India would soon see a revival of those glorious traditions. There will soon rise a Temple of Learning where the teacher, a real sanyasin, would go on with his ceaseless pursuit after truth, and, dying, hand on his work and enthusiasm to his disciples.\n\n### ECONOMIC DANGER IN INDIA\n\nDr. Bose referred especially to the economic danger in India, and the revival of Indian industries cannot be too highly appreciated. That is the question in India to-day. The tocsin of alarm raised by him ought to go straight into the hearts of both the people and the Government. If India is to be saved from the disastrous effects of the increasing poverty, her commerce and industry must be revived. And this is her opportunity now that the great war has driven Germany from her markets.\n\nBut what do we find? Instead of that, Japan has captured all our industrial markets. Dr. Bose assures us that she has made gigantic preparations for that purpose. Within a few decades, she has even surpassed her past master Germany in developing her manufactures and shipping. One of the methods employed by her, Dr. Bose tells us, is to practically exclude all foreign manufactured articles from her soil by prohibitive tariffs. The coast-wise and foreign shipping of India is in alien hands. Japan is more and more encroaching upon this preserve.\n\n### PROTECTION THE RIGHT POLICY\n\nWhy should not the Government of India follow Japan in this respect? It is free trade which has ruined India commercially. It is free trade which is really at the bottom of the economic state, forcing a Sikh from North India to seek his fortune in lands where he is unwelcome. If protective duties had been imposed upon imported articles, India would have long ago become one of the great manufacturing countries of the world, and to which she is rightly entitled, producing as she does such a large variety of raw materials. Germany and Austria would have never made a footing in our markets if free trade principles had not been allowed to rule supreme in India. Java has killed our sugar industry completely. When a small countervailing duty on foreign sugar was levied in India, such a howl was raised against it by the advocates of free trade in England that it had to be given up.\n\n### HINDU MINISTER OF EDUCATION\n\nWhen Sir Sankaram Nair joins the Viceroy's Executive Council this month, the Departments of Education, Local Government, and Sanitation will, for the first time in the history of British India, pass under Indian control. The significance of the event cannot be exaggerated. It is in these three directions that progress is especially demanded at the present moment; and the order in which we have placed the departments exactly represents their respective importance. Not only is the spread of education absolutely necessary to the establishment of a genuine system of local government and to the due understanding of the principles of sanitary science. The very continuance of the British connection depends largely upon the same factor.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 463541, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]", "page_number": 633, "title": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]", "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY-You that way.\n\ncan do it\n\nHON. MR. POLLOCK-I beg to move that.\n\nHON. MR. WEI YUK seconded, and the motion was agreed to.\n\nHON. MR. HEWETT-The explanation of the Director of Public Works on all the points I have made is eminently satisfactory, but I think he slightly misunderstood me when I spoke on the question of the estimates for his department. I quite understand estimates ought to be made as closely as possible, and that is what we ask. We do not ask to have close estimates made for such buildings as the Law Courts and the Post Office. A decrease of $130,000 in 24 million is, of course, going as near as any reasonable man could expect to get. With regard to the hon. Colonial Treasurer's remarks on subsidiary coinage, I understand that $11,000,000 has been withdrawn from circulation. The original amount was about $38,000,000 or $40,000,000, and we require from $2,000,000 to $2,500,000 for our own use. As $11,000,000 is wiped out, that leaves $26,500,000. We may reasonably take it that about one-third of that at least has disappeared into bullion. Therefore, I presume that the Colonial Treasurer will be called upon to buy something like $13,000,000 or $14,000,000 more. That is further loss, and we stand to lose 15 or 16 per cent. on that sum of money. I wanted to arrive at some sort of estimate as to how much more this Colony will have to pay for the rehabilitation of its coinage. With regard to what the Colonial Treasurer said about house rents, I think he overlooked the fact that in assessing the value of house property it is generally taken at 75 per cent. of the value; because there are always a certain number of houses which are empty. Therefore, I maintain that the present assessment, taken a year or two ago, is probably higher than any which has been taken in the last five years. With regard to what was said about the railway, if $62,000 represents the cost of that coal, and good steaming engine coal is put into the tender, then it works out at a price of about $8 to $8.3, which is not excessive.\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY-I can give you the figure. But in the yard the cost is $8.30 per ton.\n\nHON. MR. POLLOCK-I was not dealing with the price. I was speaking of the value.\n\nHON. MR. HEWETT-The price seems to me, even if it were $10 in the yard, not excessive. With regard to the procedure of the debate, I must say I am sorry I cannot refer to the old question. Were the Governor to get up and make his speech verbally, as I said, it would be very much more illuminating, and I don't think there is anything more to be gained by sitting in conference, as suggested by the Colonial Secretary, and it would be making a travesty of the debate if the whole thing were done in committee. With regard to the moorings, your Excellency misunderstood what I have said. I entirely favour the relaying of the moorings, but I object to the new system and am afraid of it. Your Excellency has for the first time told us what the price is to be per diem for the use of these moorings, and I think the charge is very high, far higher than I charge for the use of my moorings when I let them to my friends. My point is that if it is necessary to relay the moorings I certainly think it is better to do so than to go to the vast expense of dredging the harbour, but let the shipping companies have their moorings in their present positions. Your Excellency speaks of relaying moorings once in four years.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY-No. We are taking them by degrees, ten a year.\n\nHON. MR. HEWETT-Roughly speaking, there are 39 or 40 moorings, and the calculation is $10,000 a year to relay ten moorings. I would not attempt to leave my moorings down for four years. I remove mine every two years.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY-The hon. member does not understand me. We cannot take up the whole forty and relay them all at once because there would be no buoys available.\n\nHON. MR. HEWETT-But you cannot dare to keep your moorings down for four years without relaying them. I remove mine every two years. Even then in that condition I have seen steamers break away from their moorings in a typhoon and go down the harbour. With regard to the question of the annual accounts rendered, I still think it would be of very great assistance if we could have a detail of the revised estimates put in the body of the accounts, because in many cases there is a large difference between the original estimates and the revised estimates. Now, Sir, I beg to move the elimination from the account of the amounts of $10,000 and $250,000 voted for the Harbour Master's Department.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY-You had better wait until we get into Committee to do that.\n\nHON. MR. HEWETT-Very good, Sir.\n\nThe motion was then put to the meeting, and the Bill was read a second time.\n\nCouncil then went into Committee to consider the Bill clause by clause.\n\n## FINANCE COMMITTEE\n\nA meeting of the Finance Committee followed, the COLONIAL SECRETARY presiding, when the following votes were passed:-\n\n### Public Works\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $23,500 in aid of the vote Public Works, Recurrent, Hongkong, Water Works, Maintenance of City and Hill District.\n\n### Judicial\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $3,240 in aid of the vote Judicial and Legal Departments, Special Expenditure, d.-Supreme Court, New Furniture.\n\n### Military\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $3,240 in aid of the vote Military Expenditure, B.-Volunteers, Other Charges, Capitation Grant for Recruits, Efficients and Proficients.\n\nHON. MR. HEWETT then moved the rejection of the vote of $250,000 for the Harbour Master's Department.\n\nHON. MR. POLLOCK seconded. The motion was declared lost, but Hon. Mr. Hewett wished to divide.\n\nA division was taken, and resulted as follows:-\n\n| For | Against |\n| --- | --- |\n| Hon. Mr. Lau Chu Pak | The Captain Superintendent of Police |\n| Hon. Mr. Hewett | The Secretary for Chinese Affairs |\n| Hon. Mr. Pollock | The Director of Public Works |\n| Hon. Mr. Wei Yuk | The Colonial Treasurer |\n| | The Attorney-General |\n| | The Colonial Secretary |\n| | The General Officer Commanding |\n\nOn Council resuming,\n\nTHE ATTORNEY-GENERAL reported that the Bill had passed through Committee without amendment, and moved that it be read a third time and passed.\n\nTHE COLONIAL TREASURER seconded, and the Bill was read a third time and passed, the unofficial members all voting against it.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY-Council stands adjourned sine die.\n\n### Compensation\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $148.50 in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, Compensation to owner for resumption of Lot No. 33, Ho Mun Tin.\n\n### War Department\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $50,000 in aid of the vote War Department Expenditure, in order to provide for all expenditure incurred by the Civil Departments of Government whether such expenditure is ultimately to be recovered from the Imperial Government or not.\n\n### For the Governor\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $1,118 in aid of the vote Governor, Other Charges:- \n| Item | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Furniture: Piano | $450 |\n| Supervising of Inventory | $468 |\n| Incidental Expenses | $200 |", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 465215, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-438 - Public Offices - 1916", "page_number": 14, "title": "CO129-438 - Public Offices - 1916", "content_text": "## HONG KONG\n### Office of the Controller of Labour & Trade\n\n**Memo**\n\n7 June 1916\n\n**Last previous Paper:** 126647\n\n**Next Paper:** 57849\n\nREG 5 JUN 16\n\nOpruin Conference. \nTransmitted 6 copies of brief on the Control of the Shipping Traffic distribution to officials attending Conference.\n\nI don't propose to comment at present in the (file) will have to consider it.\n\n7 Copy to the other Depts intufte 17, except £70.A which it said so in short amending them that they have not aus? our letter 123641 subsequent Paper.\n\n(90092) Wt. 35800-6. 45,000. 12/15. B M & S.\n\nC K616416 \nAre \n7.6.16 \n887.6.16 \n\n| Ref | Date |\n| --- | --- |\n| 26638 | 1916 |\n| 123641 | |\n| 57849 | | \n| 126647 | | \n| C K616416 | 7.6.16 |", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-438 - Public Offices - 1916.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 467442, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-441 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [1-3]", "page_number": 211, "title": "CO129-441 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [1-3]", "content_text": "Por. Sir\n\n9. H. May\n\n1917\n\n12th February\n\nLast previous Paper.\n\nHANAKOND HONG KONG\n\n7798 -\n\nNeutral Shipping\n\nREC\n\n208\n\n7798\n\nREG 12 FEB 17\n\nreports grant of permission to Dutch Consular Officer to communicate with Dutch Goods with regard to Shipping Conference\n\nSubsequent Paper,\n\n1988\n\n(J (8918—44.) WE, 86798–18,\n\n50,000 11/10. D.G122/41.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-441 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 467880, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]", "page_number": 183, "title": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]", "content_text": "COPY.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\nEnclosure 1 in XCR(69)181.\n\nHongkong General Chamber of Commerce,\n\nHongkong, 8th January, 1917.\n\nSAT,\n\nI am directed to acknowledge your letter of 20th November last covering copy of a despatch received from the Secretary of State for the Colonies regarding the Commercial and Industrial Policy to be adopted throughout the Empire after the war, and asking for a statement of this Chamber's views thereon.\n\nThe subject is so wide and the interests of different parts of the Empire so varied that in this, their reply, my Committee can only venture to deal with the subject on broad lines and with the interests of this Colony principally in their minds.\n\nIn the first place it seems desirable to state that in giving consideration to any policy relating to the progress of Commerce and Industry after the war, due regard must also be given to the maintenance as far as practicable of Trade and Industry already established in this far Eastern field as the result of many years effort: that is, as far as is compatible with the prosecution of the War, steps should not be taken to weaken the Empire's present hold on Eastern Commerce, Finance and Industry, and for this reason it is essential, in the interests of the Empire, to maintain to and from and in the East a due proportion of shipping to maintain supplies between the different points of the Empire and the East; also such supply of material as may be required for British industries; and to reserve on the spot the necessary number of men of experience in Eastern trade and peoples.\n\nAs you are aware, there was a Conference under the auspices of the British Imperial Council of Commerce in London in June of last year, and at that Conference Mr. O. H. Rose, a former Member of the Legislative Council of this Colony, represented the Hongkong Chamber of Commerce. The leading", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 467881, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]", "page_number": 184, "title": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]", "content_text": "81\n\n.90′′endoj to zadna20 ferensi szodNKOH\n\n.TIBI,YTSU78b .438 •RAONRAOK\n\n. Y900\n\nAITADAJO\n\nsubject of the Conference was Trade during and after the War, and in part reply to your enquiries I enclose copy of a letter addressed to Mr. Rose outlining the views of the Chamber at that time.\n\n.109 to rettel “voy sabefwondos of betoarib ma I\n\naft mort havloer Katarseh a to vợɔo antroroo jasi radaɔyou Inforəmçü eft anthrgast avinodod set tot adatu to vratoto92 voita e-kama est tuatiquorft betqoba eď od votiɔ¶ Intajaubni bas\n\nawa tw e'maduse alv) to Jusmaista a “ot antxas bas\n\n20W BEJ\n\n•NOOTINJ\n\nto tasmejat 993 bna oblw on at fast,duo edi mtest stað at Jaft betray on antama and to atraq inozsttib 159tdua est #32w Ineh od srutnov timo naŋ sajikamoŭ ya,zigst Ilaa teatra vпoloɔ Bidd to winstein? add dilw has zenti boord no\n\n.abaka atsdt at\n\netaja of eIda-İnað sunda ji sosig tart out xl\n\n•\n\neft of saltsig” voliog vra of notfærabianos antvią ni jast taum bzavot sub (\"AW ONI Wojta yntaubal bus sozenmod to 83974OTĘ shar. to sidsokjosen 99 \"at as 377276tntam set of navta ad pala ext as hielt nrafaad wat alið at basstidstas yösemis vijaubal bas elditadoo si na rat sa at jait iizotto atsor quam to fluser\n\nɔt mexat ad don bluona sa, ta\n\n• max set to notjuosadną odd ddiw\n\nsoranki 90′′amwoo mmojada no blow tasaɔng a'ertama odd nexaow\n\nBet at,latinonao at j♪ mossen att mot bas „ŢIjBubal bas jeza gut al bra sort has of mistulam of ‚onigus est to ata zojnł at neowded afqgua uløtulas of natqqkde to noftrogozą sub a vIqqus Noua oala itaas at bra onique sit to stalog tæɔ-strib\n\nof Fra pas trJaubež daljina mot berlupar aď you as imitetaa to\n\nacito!790xe to nea to teďzun YTS90659A sad doqe est no sv13887\n\n..Iaosą bna shard aretasz at\n\nedt Tebau sone\"ət750 8 asw SIDHJ 9\"873 97a ung Ba\n\nnobrod at an omend to [tonuoð [atzəqal datting ext to asolqaum\n\n+\n\nS a908 .H .0\n\nF\n\n**t (onsTatnoj dat je bas 1 Z00% JBB) to anul et\n\n▼nood ak to toxuod evijaistaed ext to Teder: mammot\n\nBalhes! *** .90mam00 to \"sďasto zgodanol e¤‡ bojás89%SI\n\nI am directed to supplement this with the following points of importance to this Colony which have occurred to my Committee.\n\n## IMPORTS. EXPORTS & INDUSTRIES.\n\nHongkong is essentially a great shipping port and Trade emporium and as such cannot be dissociated from the neighbouring state of China which indeed provided the most important commercial field for Hongkong enterprise. Whatever Imperial policy is adopted for the future, in the interest of Hongkong, provision must be made for its peculiar relationship with China, and no measures should be taken which would be likely to be detrimental to the further expansion of the import and export trade with China; and Tariff Regulation should provide for these circumstances. As a shipping port it is essential to foster and stimulate the important ship and Engine repairing and Dry Docking facilities, also the Ship and Engine building establishments which at present exist. The shipbuilding plants which are actively employed in replacing depleted tonnage are now an important Imperial asset of recognised service to the Empire.\n\nThe considerable Sugar Refining industry should also be protected in any measures which may affect them as also such industries as the Cement and Rope works.\n\nThe export trade in Chinese produce is open to further development, which would be stimulated by the scientific adoption by Great Britain of produce previously largely exported to the Central Powers, where various products such as Essential Oils, Cantharides, Hides, Human Hair, Woodoil, Cocoanut oil, Peanut oil, Star Aniseed, Gallnuts, Tobacco, Tea, Bristles, and Soy were subjected to scientific treatment and re-exported to the allied countries in manufactured form. This", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 467883, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]", "page_number": 186, "title": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]", "content_text": "Page 184\n\nAs to restrictions and control to be placed upon\n\nInsurance Companies, it seems desirable that Legislation should provide that British Traders or Insurance Companies shall insure\n\nand reinsure only with British Companies and that British\n\nInsurance Companies doing business through Agents shall employ\n\nOnly British Agents on Empire Territory.\n\nA special tax on all premiums secured by Foreign\n\nCompanies doing business on Empire Territory should be imposed.\n\nIt would be well to provide further that the books\n\nof all Foreign Insurance Companies shall be open to inspection by properly appointed Auditors and that such books shall be kept\n\nin English.\n\nSHIPPING\n\nThe Ton for Ton policy as part reparation for\n\nsubmarine outrages which it is hoped will be adopted should\n\nprovide an effective check on the enemies shipping expansion.\n\nShips belonging to the Central Powers should not be allowed to\n\nuse British ports on the same terms as before the War, and\n\nSubsidised ships of their flag should be subjected to penalties.\n\nShould it develop that Germany proposes to use British ports as\n\nstages on a route leading to the development of Hamburg in an attempt to divert Trade and Shipping from Hongkong, Port dues from Suez outwards should be placed on differential terms and\n\nshipping facilities restricted against German ships employed in\n\nsuch a policy. It is also desirable to consider how far it would\n\nbe practicable to apply Port Dues to alien shipping on reciprocal\n\nterms, according to the flag in question.\n\nCOMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY\n\nIt is strongly urged that the most effective way\n\nto meet competition and to handle the Empire's vast resources in and for the Empire's interests is by practical knowledge and\n\nbusiness organizations assisted and supported by legislation\n\nwhich should at least know the real commercial outlook and not\n\nmerely the Political one.\n\nIn view of the fact that a Conference of", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 467900, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]", "page_number": 203, "title": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]", "content_text": "201\n\non\n\nEnclosure 4.\n\nThe China Mail.\n\nHONGKONG, FRIDAY, April 20, 1917.\n\nSHALL THE GERMANS COME BACK?\n\n27\n\nA\n\nAs\n\nLast year the Hongkong Government forwarded to the Chamber of Commerce a copy of a Despatch received from the Secretary of State for the Colonies regarding the commercial and industrial policy to be adopted throughout the Empire after the war. Accompanying the Despatch was a copy of the \"Recommendations of the Economic Conference of the Allies,\" and it was intimated by Mr. BONAR LAW that a committee had been appointed to consider the commercial and industrial policy of the United Kingdom after the War, with special reference to the conclusions of the Allied Conference. A considered statement was invited of the views of the local Government on the Recommendations of the Conference and on the questions submitted to the Committee.\n\nBearing on the question asked in the heading of this article, we may note that one of the recommendations of the Allied Conference reads: \"In order to defend their commerce, their industry, their agriculture and their navigation against economic aggression resulting from dumping or any other mode of unfair competition, the Allies decide to fix by agreement a period of time during which the commerce of the enemy powers shall be submitted to special treatment and the goods originating in their countries shall be subjected either to prohibitions or to a special régime of an effective character. The Allies will determine by agreement through the special diplomatic channels conditions to be imposed during the above-mentioned period on ships of the enemy powers.\"\n\nAfter due consideration of these Recommendations of the Conference, a letter was written to the Government on behalf of the Committee of the Chamber in which it was stated:\n\nB.\n\nHongkong is essentially a great shipping port and Trade emporium and as such cannot be dissociated from the neighbouring state of China which indeed provides the most important field for commercial Hongkong enterprise. Whatever Imperial policy is adopted for the future, in the interest of Hongkong provision must be made for its peculiar relationship with China, and no measures should be taken which would be likely to be detrimental to the further expansion of the import and export trade with China; any Tariff Regulation should provide for these circumstances.\n\nAnother paragraph in the same letter reads:\n\nIt would seem impracticable in these days of Trade and interwoven interests to permanently bar the return of present enemies, although this would tend towards sounder commercial conditions; but a strong advocacy exists for deferring their return for a minimum period of ten years after the declaration of Peace, and when allowed to return to the Colony it is urged that it should be only under Licence, in similar manner to which British Merchants submit in Russia.\n\nWe quote these extracts because of their bearing on the discussion which took place in the Legislative Council chamber yesterday when the Hon Mr. HOLYOAK, the representative of the Chamber of Commerce on the Council, moved a resolution affirming that in the opinion of the Council it is in the best interest of the Colony of Hongkong that persons of German nationality should be excluded therefrom for a period of at least ten years following the declaration of Peace; and that, subsequently, they be only admitted into the Colony under strict license. Be it noted that the motion did not propose that the Council should forthwith pass an ordinance to that effect, but merely expressed an opinion as to the advisability of such legislation — an opinion which would in due course be communicated to the Imperial authorities who have the shaping of the economic policy of the Empire.\n\nThe local Government, supported by the two Chinese members of the Council, emphatically registered its opinion that these measures are not in the best interests of the Colony. Since \"shipping is the life-blood of the Colony,\" and \"the prosperity of this Colony depends on our remain-\n\nt.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 468449, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9]", "page_number": 212, "title": "CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9]", "content_text": "103\n\n202\n\n- 10 -\n\nkong, men, gentlemen, who by their position show themselves as worthy successors to their great predecessors. (Loud applause.) I think we have a right to ask that our views should be transmitted Home. (Applause.)\n\n|\n\ntually be handed back to her, and we know Germans today are tolerated and trading in Shanghai. I maintain then to exclude them from this Colony only would be a suicidal policy. (Voice—No, no.) It may be said that we have got on very well and prospered without them during the war—granted—but shall we not do so to a greater degree on their return? (Voice—No.) Nor do I think we have much to fear for our trade from their competition for many years to come, particularly in view of the statement which has been put forward that they will have to compete without the banking and discount facilities in London which they formerly enjoyed. It will be within the memory of many of you that some years ago an attempt was made through this Chamber to establish bimetallism in this Colony. It was found, however, that unless China would come into line, this could not be done, and the scheme had to be abandoned. As this Chamber itself in its letter to the Government when considering the Recommendations of the Economic Conference of the Allies regarding the commercial and industrial policy to be adopted throughout the Empire after the War, wrote, \"Hongkong is essentially a great shipping port and trade emporium and as such cannot be dissociated from the neighbouring State of\n\nThe Hon. Sir PAUL CHATER then said: Gentlemen, while I yield to none in my detestation and horror of the Germans and the unspeakable atrocities committed by that nation since the commencement of the War, at the same time I cannot find myself in accord with the suggestion that it is in the best interest of the Colony of Hongkong that persons of German nationality should be excluded therefrom for a period of at least 10 years following the declaration of peace, and that subsequently they be admitted into the Colony under strict licence\" save and except under conditions which are, I am convinced, beyond the bound of practical politics, namely, that the same stand be adopted and maintained by all the Allies in the Far East—France, Russia, Japan and most particularly China—given these conditions, then I am with you. Except under these conditions to exclude the Germans from our Colony would be merely to drive them to neighbouring trade centres, where once established they would prove a serious menace to our welfare and trade (Voice—China, which indeed provides the most important field for Hongkong enterprise. What benefits to be derived from the use of our Harbour by their shipping, and of shipping under their control. (Voice—But they have no shipping. Who wrote it) I deem it inexpedient that I should here mention in detail places they could (except and unless China comes into line with us) so establish themselves in our immediate neighbourhood. They must be well known to you all as to me, but I shall be only too pleased to give my views in full unto your Committee if and when they wish. All this goes to support my contention that without the support and co-operation of China any such suggestion as that now before us must prove futile and react to our detriment. (Voice—No, no.) Gentlemen, the question under discussion is to my mind essentially one of Imperial policy. We have been asked by the Home Government for an expression of our opinion as a guide to our representative at the forthcoming Imperial Conference, and in giving forth such an opinion we must be careful not to let our justly incensed hatred of the atrocities committed by our enemies and our sentiment for the sufferings imposed upon our fellow countrymen and Allies to obscure our sound and well-considered judgment. Common sense tells us that so soon as she is able to do so Germany will open up trade throughout the world, and for us to attempt to bar her from trade with or through this Colony, without, as I have already said, the aid and co-operation of our neighbours, would be hopeless, and far from our best interests.\n\n17-\n\na Colony.\n\nBriefly, then, while no one would be more pleased than myself to see the Germans excluded from this Colony for the period suggested, it can only be successfully done provided we have the hearty, steadfast co-operation of China and the neighbouring countries, and I suggest, therefore, that there should be embodied in any recommendation of this nature forwarded to the Home Government such a proviso. (Voice—No.)\n\nThe Hon. Mr. P. H. HOLYOAK—As the member of the Chamber who proposed this resolution, I will exercise my prerogative and reply to Sir Paul Chater's remarks. I have purposely avoided dwelling upon the subject of shipping for the very reason that obviously the interests of this Colony and other parts of the Empire must be bound up inseparably with that of shipping, and should it so happen that France and Italy should open their ports to German shipping after the war, Hongkong also must admit them within its port. And in reply to the fear he expresses with regard to China, that the prevention of the return of Germans for a certain period would do untold harm in our trade with China and Japan, I trust that before very long China, too, will have entered the fray against the foes of humanity. (Applause.) And, if they do, these economic reasons do not apply, because she will come equally into line with the rest of the Allies in deciding what shall be done with German trade after the war, and we shall be inseparably bound up with her. (Applause.) So I think we need not seriously consider that argument against the proposition as at the present moment, always remembering that we are merely expressing views to the Home Government which we say we have a right to have considered. Without further words I will put the resolution, unless there is an amendment to it.\n\nThe resolution was then put to the meeting and was carried with only two dissentients, the Hon. Sir Paul Chater and Mr. Carter.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN then declared the resolution carried by an overwhelming majority.\n\nANOTHER RESOLUTION. Mr. DODWELL then said:-Gentlemen, there is one further resolution I desire to put to you at this meeting; it has reference to the debate in the Legislative Council on the 19th inst., and to certain remarks made by H. E. the Governor, which were taken exception to by Mr. Holyoak at the time, and with which I feel sure you are all familiar. At the conclusion of the debate H. E. said: \"I have only one remark to make, and that is that I do not think any unprejudiced person would consider that the words I used in reference to the deceased Sir Thomas Jackson and deceased\n\nthe members of this Chamber desire to take exception to the words used by H. E. the Governor at the meeting of the Legislative Council held on Thursday, 19th April last, in speaking to a resolution which sought to convey to the Imperial Authorities the carefully reasoned and unanimous opinion of the Committee of this Chamber.\n\nAt this point Sir Paul Chater left the room. Mr. MONTAGUE EDE, in seconding, said:-Gentlemen, the mover of this Resolution has told you that in coming to the conclusions at which he has arrived he has been influenced only by the printed reports of the speeches made at the Council meeting on the 19th inst. He was not personally present in the Council Chamber, but I have carefully read the various reports of the debate in our local Press, and with all due respect I say I cannot agree with H. E. No unprejudiced person, to my mind, could come to any other conclusion than that some of H. E.'s remarks, to say the least, lacked that courtesy which I think this Chamber is entitled to expect from the Government. In face of H. E.'s concluding words—those I have just read to you—personally I do not believe that any studied insult or even discourtesy was intended. I take that view the more readily as it seems to me incredible that the Governor, no matter how strongly he was opposed to our views, would wish to make such disparaging remarks about the members of the community chosen by you for your Committee, men who, whatever their qualifications, have been entrusted by their fellows with the management of business concerns controlling millions of dollars, and who, I submit, further, have taken a very responsible share in guiding those concerns safely and successfully through the greatest crisis in history. (Applause.) And yet, gentlemen, what other inference can one draw? If any of you do not agree with me in this I hope you will get up and say so. I would remind you that the account of the proceedings in the Legislative Council is likely to be widely read, not only in the Far East, and it is the construction put upon the report by that public which we have to consider. I therefore feel very strongly that if we do not take exception to the words used by His Excellency we should lose not only our self-respect, but our right to be taken seriously hereafter by any commercial body, and more particularly by the Hongkong Government itself. (Applause.) Gentlemen, I beg to move the following resolution:-That", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 468450, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9]", "page_number": 213, "title": "CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9]", "content_text": "20.\n\n18\n\n-\n\n203\n\nThe Hon. Mr. HOLYOAK-May I express to you, gentlemen, before you leave, the appreciation of the Committee of the Chamber of Commerce in what amounts to a vote of confidence in us. (Applause) Believe me, the work of the Committee of the Chamber and of its representative is by no means light, and it would certainly not be carried on for one single moment if the Committee or its representative did not feel behind them the united opinion of the Chamber. (Applause.)\n\nDuring the whole debate; I was in a position peculiarly favourable both as to seeing and hearing, for I faced H. E. the Governor, and not only heard every word he said but noted particularly the inflection of his voice, and I can assure you that the impression conveyed to my mind was that the slight on this Chamber was intentional.\n\nI would specially call your attention to the following paragraph in Mr. Holyoak's speech:-\n\nFinally, remind you the views I have endeavoured, however incompetently, to set forth are unitedly shared and endorsed by the Committee of the Chamber of Commerce, which, at a recent meeting specially convened to consider the whole matter, unanimously adopted the identical motion on which I am now addressing you. The composition of this Committee is so well known to your Excellency and this Council that I am certain its carefully considered opinion will not fail to carry the weight it deserves with the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\" In this H. E. the Governor was clearly informed of the unanimity existing, and there is therefore less excuse for that which transpired. (Applause.)\n\nI understand that His Excellency the Governor has stated that a wrong construction has been put upon what he said, but I regret, very much, with all respect, that, having been present and having weighed the point most carefully, I, for one, cannot accept this explanation. (Hear, hear.) Fortunately, this matter can be judged by you all on its own merits, and I therefore leave it to you to show by your voting unanimously for the resolution that you take exception to the way in which this Chamber, through its representative, was slighted, and its considered opinion brought to nought. (Applause.)\n\nThe Hon. Mr. HOLYOAK-I am glad that the burden of proposing or seconding this resolution has not fallen to me as your Chairman. I say this because I was present and deeply interested in what took place. I also felt and expressed the resentment, which I can perfectly clearly see is also felt deeply by you, in the Council. There I propose to leave the matter. But it is due to His Excellency that I should tell you that he sent for me on Saturday, and in the course of an interview he again explained to me that he could not see how I or anyone else could possibly place upon his words the interpretation which we have done. And it is also due to him to say that he said he never intended any such interpretation at all. Be that as it may, gentlemen, when utterances are made by public men, be they governors or be they politicians, they must accept responsibility for the spoken word. (Hear, hear.) And in the absence of any public withdrawal, as public as the statement was made, we have no other course but to make allusion to them.\n\nThe resolution was then put to the meeting and carried unanimously.\n\nIn reply to Mr. Bell, the CHAIRMAN said that the resolutions would be forwarded to the Secretary of State for the Colonies and also to the Committee of the United Chambers of Commerce at Home.\n\nMr. FORBES-The question of the exclusion of the Germans is one on which I think the majority of the members of this Chamber have made up their minds. We do not want the Germans here, we are quite capable of carrying on the trade of the port without them, and we must decline to have anything more to do with them. If there are any friends of the Kaiser in this Colony, I would like to say that we have no use for them and we will do everything we possibly can to defeat their aims to restore German shipping and business here after the war. As the Government is against us, we should, I think, cable fully to the London Chamber of Commerce and other Chambers in the Empire to ask for their support and ask them to take the matter up to arrive at a decision. I would propose, instead of a period of 10 years, that it would be better to leave this for the Imperial Government in order that the question may be discussed fully. There are many members of the community who are not represented at this meeting and it would be well to ascertain their views. I therefore propose that we should have a public meeting at as early a date as possible.\n\nMr. LOUGHLIN seconded.\n\nThe Hon. Mr. HOLYOAK said that at an early date an endeavour would be made to hold such a meeting. He had been inundated with letters and telephone calls asking him to make that meeting public, but he had to explain that it was a private meeting of the Chamber of Commerce and that only members would be allowed to vote. They would try and arrange a meeting for Thursday at the Theatre Royal, if it were possible.\n\nThis was all the business.\n\nCROWDED PUBLIC MEETING AT THE THEATRE ROYAL,\n\nRESOLUTION CARRIED WITH ONLY TWO DISSENTIENTS.\n\nA crowded and enthusiastic public meeting was held at the Theatre Royal, Hongkong, on April 26th, with the democratic object of giving everybody an opportunity of expressing his views on the question of excluding Germans from the Colony after the war. The meeting was presided over by Mr. H. P. White, who was supported on the platform by the Hon. Mr. P. H. HOLYOAK (Chairman of the General Chamber of Commerce and representative of the Chamber on the Legislative Council), and the Hon. Mr. H. E. Pollock, K.C. (representative of the Justices of the Peace on the Legislative Council).\n\nThe Hon. Mr. P. H. HOLYOAK was accorded a great ovation when he rose to address the meeting. He said, Gentlemen, I have brought this resolution before you at a public meeting because I was inundated with letters and telephonic messages and enquiries as to whether the general public of Hongkong could attend the meeting of the Chamber of Commerce, and I was obliged to say \"I am afraid you can neither attend, nor can you vote if you do attend, because you are not qualified to do so,\" And in every case the reply was this:-\"Will you arrange a public meeting so that we can have a voice?\" That is why I have ventured to call you together this evening, and I am confident that you will endorse the resolution which I am going to put before you. (Applause.)\n\nThe Chairman and the gentlemen supporting him were greeted with loud and prolonged applause when they appeared upon the stage to take their seats.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN, who was given a rousing reception, said:-Ladies and gentlemen, this meeting has been called in response to a widely-expressed wish that the commercial public of Hongkong, outside of the Chamber of Commerce, should be given an opportunity of expressing their views in regard to the exclusion of Germans from the Colony for a prescribed period after the conclusion of the war. We all realise and recognise that this question is one of Imperial policy, and, as such, it will ultimately be determined by the Imperial Government, which no doubt, will be guided in arriving at a decision by the attitude adopted by the Allied and other Powers. All we maintain is that the commercial community of this Colony has an undoubted right to express its opinion on the question at issue (applause) and that its views should be transmitted through the proper channels to those at Home who will represent the Colony at the Imperial Conference when the time for doing so has arrived. (Applause.) I now call upon the Hon. Mr. P. H. Holyoak to propose a resolution, which will be open for discussion after it has been seconded, and I ask, gentlemen, that the discussion shall be allowed to proceed without undue heat, and that tolerance may be shown towards those who may express views which do not coincide with our own. (Applause.)\n\n\"That it is the opinion of this meeting that it is in the best interests of the Colony that persons of German nationality should be excluded therefrom for a prescribed period of years following the declaration of peace, and that subsequently they be only admitted to the Colony under strict licence.\"\n\nNow, gentlemen, you will notice a very slight difference between the terms of this resolution and that which was adopted by the Chamber of Commerce. In the Chamber resolution, as you know, we had the words \"for a period of ten years,\" and, in speaking to that resolution in the Chamber, I said that I meant that the Chamber does not really care whether it is for ten years or for ever-(applause) or whether it may seem wiser to the Imperial powers, to whom all these questions must be referred, that it shall be only for a period of shorter duration. But we are determined that whatever duration it shall be for they shall never come back except upon terms by which we can control them. (Applause.)", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 468730, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9]", "page_number": 493, "title": "CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9]", "content_text": "Fondosures.\n\nC.O\n\n481\n\n55454\n\nCONSTITUTIONAL REFORM ASSOCIATION OF HOUSING NOV 17\n\nHongkong, 29th August, 1917.\n\nThe Right Honourable\n\nthe Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nSir,\n\nOn behalf of the recently formed Constitutional Reform Association of Hongkong, (the Committee of which includes four Members of the Legislative Council, two former members thereof, and fourteen Justices of the Peace) of which I enclose a copy of the Rules and Regulations, I beg leave to draw your attention to paragraph (b) of clause 2, the Objects clause which covers two points, both of which are of considerable importance at the present time, namely:-\n\n1. The claim of this Colony to express its views, by its own direct representative, on post-war trade policy: and\n\n2. The claim of this colony to direct representation on any Imperial Council, Parliament or Association to be formed as part of a scheme of Imperial Federation or Unity.\n\nUpon the above two points the Hongkong General Chamber of Commerce, comprising our local experts in trade, shipping and finance, in a letter to the Hongkong Government, dated the 8th January last (a copy of which has been forwarded to you in connection with the Recommendations of the Economic Conference of the Allies) expressed their views as follows:-\n\n\"In view of the fact that a Conference of representatives of the United Kingdom, the Dominions and India, as foreshadowed by the Prime Minister recently, may at some future date be convened, it appears desirable to my Committee that application should be made by the Colonies to have their nominees", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 468732, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9]", "page_number": 495, "title": "CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9]", "content_text": "A further important advantage to be gained from such suggested procedure would be that no Colony or Protectorate, with important commercial interests, would then be able to feel that its views had been ruled out except after adequate hearing and consideration and it seems hardly necessary to point out that written representations, sent in by the different Colonies and Protectorates separately, in ignorance of the views of the Dominions and of other Crown Colonies and Protectorates are not so likely to lead to a successful solution of post-war trade problems from an Imperial point of view, as if such problems were threshed out in the Conference.\n\nWith regard to the second of the above two points namely, the claim of Hongkong to be represented on any Imperial Council Parliament or Association, to be formed as part of a scheme of Imperial Federation or Unity, we would respectfully urge the importance of Hongkong as a great shipping junction and as the chief depot for the distribution of goods to the Southern part of China, and generally as the centre of British influence in the Far East, and we do not doubt that, in the case of numerous other Crown Colonies and Protectorates, equally strong pleas could be put forward for them also to be represented on the Trade Conference and on the Imperial Council or Parliament.\n\nMoreover, on behalf of the claim of the Crown Colonies and Protectorates generally to such representation, we would urge that collectively they are of considerable importance to the Empire in shipping, trade, population, area and resources.\n\nIf it be said that we are trying to establish new precedents, we would beg leave to quote in reply the words of the Prime Minister at the Guildhall, when he received the Freedom of the City of London:-\n\nPage 483", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 469731, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "page_number": 605, "title": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "content_text": "17\n\n600\n\nThe Import Trade.-The following statement, abstracted from the Official Returns, shows the position of the Colony as a market for British and European goods since 1890, in thousands of pounds sterling.\n\n \n \n 1898-1900\n 1901-1905\n 1906-1910\n 1911\n 1912\n 1912\n \n \n From United Kingdom\n £2,981\n £3,752\n £4,012\n £4,694\n £5,380\n £6,064\n \n \n Continent of Europe and United States.\n £1,553\n £2,314\n £2,208\n £2,415\n £3,144\n £3,679\n \n \n British Excess\n £1,428\n £1,438\n £1,804\n £2,279\n £2,236\n £2,385\n \n \n Percentages of Total.\n \n \n United Kingdom\n 65.7\n 61.9\n 64.5\n 66\n 63.1\n 62.2\n \n \n Continent of Europe and United States.\n 34.3\n 38.1\n 35.5\n 34\n 36.9\n 37.8\n \n\nIt will be noted that not only does Great Britain control the major portion of the trade, but she is maintaining her relative position, and has secured a full share of the increased business of recent years.\n\nThe principal imports from Great Britain are cotton textiles, machinery, and metals.\n\nThe Export Trade in Produce. The exports from the Colony during the year 1913 were divided as follows:-\n\n \n \n £\n \n \n To United Kingdom\n 10,745,000\n \n \n British Possessions\n 14,117,000\n \n \n Foreign Countries\n 20,513,000\n \n \n Total\n 45,375,000\n \n\nIt will be seen that the United Kingdom takes a considerable share of the exports of produce, but does not hold the same predominant position as in the import trade. The shipments to the United States of the two staple products of the Malay Peninsula, viz., tin and rubber, exceed those to the United Kingdom; and as the principal markets for copra are Marseilles, Hamburg, and Copenhagen, this trade is largely in the hands of German and Danish firms.\n\nGerman Competition. To obtain an accurate idea of the trend and strength of German competition, it is necessary to consider it under three distinct heads :-\n\n(1) The competition as a country supplying manufactured articles to the Straits and receiving produce in exchange;\n\n(2) The competition of local German merchant firms in Singapore and Penang with the British houses for the trade of the Colony; and\n\n(3) The competition (or rather the privileged position) of the German lines in the shipping services radiating from Singapore.\n\nAs a supplier of manufactured articles to the Straits, and as a consumer of Straits produce, Germany takes a very low place, and her competition is not serious. Inasmuch as many of the German shipments are made through Antwerp, Rotterdam, or Genoa, it is practically impossible to secure exact figures of the trade. In 1913, however, the direct imports from Germany and Austria amounted to less than 2 per cent. of the total imports, while the exports of produce to those countries were approximately 5 per cent. of the total. Great efforts were being made before the war to stimulate the export of produce to the Central Empires, and this would doubtless have been reflected before long in increased imports of manufactured goods.\n\nThe competition of local German firms in Singapore and Penang was, however, a much more serious factor, and they were becoming keen rivals of the British houses in the buying of produce and in the distribution of imported articles. The principal local firm, with branches all through the islands, was Behn, Meyer & Co., the agents for the Norddeutscher Lloyd, who controlled the steamers not only to Bangkok but also to British North Borneo and certain of the Dutch islands. This was the only firm of high standing, but there were also many other smaller houses, usually offshoots of the larger company, who were doing an increasing trade in produce and also in the distribution of British and Continental imports.\n\nThe reasons for the success of the German merchants were :-\n\n(a) The fact that many of the steamship services from Singapore, notably to Siam and Borneo, were run by German firms. The result was that the rice trade from Bangkok fell into their hands, and the return cargoes of piece goods and sundries were largely supplied by them. These advantages were reinforced by the secret rebates allowed to German shippers by the German Conference lines.\n\n(b) The more prominent of the German merchants established branches in Java and the Dutch islands, the Philippines, Siam, and the other commercial dependencies of Singapore, and they endeavoured to tap a certain amount of the trade at the source instead of buying from and selling to native dealers in Singapore. It is doubtful whether this policy of decentralisation would in the long run have proved a success, owing to the probable hostility of the native merchants.\n\n(c) These branches throughout the islands, however, gave them considerable experience of local conditions and increased their value as distributors, with the result that many valuable agencies of British manufacturers were granted to enemy firms.\n\n(d) In order to secure the trade in staple imports, such as piece goods, against their old-established British rivals, the German merchants were less strict in insisting on payments for goods, and gave extended credits. This probably increased their proportion of bad debts and so reduced their margins, but, as a rule, being desirous of working their way into a lucrative trade, they were prepared to sacrifice the profit in order to secure the large turnover.\n\n(e) There is little doubt that the average German assistant worked longer hours and applied himself to more laborious tasks than his British competitor. For evidence of this one has only to study the articles in which they competed the most keenly, and it will almost invariably be found that they commenced by developing the trade in fancy piece goods and sundries, which are sold in small lots, and entail a great amount of troublesome detail work in proportion to the value of the orders. The British assistant, on the other hand, as a rule prefers to confine his attention to the large staple lines, which give a maximum turnover for a minimum of detail. It may be contended that this is only natural, and that we can afford to allow our competitors to secure the less lucrative and more laborious branches of the trade, but it should be borne in mind that, having once secured a native connection for the fancy trade, it is a much easier matter to develop a staple trade, and there is little doubt that German houses would in the future have become keener competitors in the standard articles of import.\n\nThe German houses were securing a stronger hold on the produce export trade, inasmuch as many of the articles of export are consumed on the Continent rather than in Great Britain, and the German was more conversant than his British rival with the requirements of the European market and the peculiar needs of the buyers.\n\nWhile, it is true, the most lucrative portion of the trade was secured, before the war, by the British houses, the fact remains that they were beginning to feel the effect of the German competition, which was, each year, becoming more serious. The outbreak of war, however, put a complete check on enemy activities. The German members of the community were interned, their businesses were compulsorily liquidated, and many of their assets have been sold. There appears to be little doubt that the leading firm of Behn, Meyer & Co. were in very close touch with the Imperial Authorities in Germany, who encouraged their schemes for pacific penetration. The senior partner of the firm in Singapore-Herr Diehn-escaped at the time of the Sepoy mutiny last year, and the extent of the influence which had been secured by his firm is reflected by their representation on the boards of any of the most important local institutions, particularly the Tanjong Pagar Dock Board, which is the official Harbour and Dock Board of Singapore. The danger of allowing a potential enemy subject to become a member of such an institution in a great Imperial coaling station and...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 469732, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "page_number": 606, "title": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "content_text": "dockyard such as Singapore has become painfully apparent since the outbreak of war.\n\nThe whole strength of the German political and economic position in Singapore before the war lay in their advantageous shipping facilities with Europe, and the control of the more important local shipping services which acted as feeders to the main European line of the Norddeutscher Lloyd. In the early days of the great bid for Eastern trade, it will be remembered that the N.D.L. and other German lines entered upon most strenuous freight wars with their British and other rivals, which were fought out to such a pitch that they eventually forced their way into both the outward and homeward freight Conferences between Europe and the Far East. Having achieved their purpose in this respect, it was comparatively easy to develop their share of the trade. Well-equipped steamers were placed on the run, the greatest attention was paid to the details of the service, particularly in regard to passenger accommodation, and they received considerable support from the travelling British public, and also from British shippers. Under ordinary circumstances, the entry of the German lines into the Conference would have been an advantage both to British steamship owners and also to merchants, inasmuch as it would have maintained reasonable and lucrative rates of freight for the former, and would have insured to the latter a stable rate and equal treatment with their competitors of all nationalities. It is now understood, however, that under the German system of encouraging export trade the shipping lines co-operated with the Imperial State railways in Germany, and granted special rates, which were appreciably lower than those of their competitors for the same length of haulage. In addition to this, an elaborate system of secret rebates was granted by the German shipping companies to their agents, who, in turn, granted favourable rates to their clients among the local merchants. The advantages thus secured by a firm like Behn, Meyer & Co., the agents for the leading German lines, and also the largest individual German merchants and shippers in the colony, will be readily appreciated. These advantages were consolidated by their control of the local feeding lines in the archipelago.\n\nIn the early days, it was decided by the British shipping companies that, inasmuch as Bangkok lay off the main route to China and Japan, the Siamese trade should be attracted to Singapore. Messrs. Alfred Holt & Co., of the \"Blue Funnel line, accordingly formed a nominally separate company to operate a regular subsidiary service between the two ports in order to feed their through steamers.\n\nThis service was run for years until a most advantageous offer was made to the British owners by Messrs. Behn, Meyer & Co., acting at the instigation of Herr Weigand, the former president of the N.D.L., and the whole fleet was sold outright to the Germans, the British Company binding itself not to compete for a term of years, which period has now lapsed. Having secured control of this valuable line (in 1913 the imports from Siam Proper and ports on the east coast of the Peninsula to Singapore amounted to over 4,000,000l., and the exports from Singapore to 1,100,000l.), a portion of the fleet was diverted to British North Borneo, and before the outbreak of war the mail service between Singapore and British North Borneo, two important links in the chain of British Possessions in the East, was conducted by German steamers.\n\nThis control of local shipping was used by the German houses to further their policy of decentralisation, and to stimulate a direct business both outwards and homewards with the smaller stations among the islands, where British mercantile activity was not active, as the British firms concentrated in Singapore and left the collection and distribution of goods in the subsidiary markets to the Chinese and Malay traders. As an instance of this policy, Macassar, the capital of Celebes, was made a port of call of the German-Australian line of steamers, and a considerable amount of produce was shipped direct from that port to Europe. Whether this policy of decentralisation would, in the long run, have proved successful is a matter for grave doubt, as it seriously menaced the hold of the native dealers on the trade. It, however, served to secure cargoes for German steamers, and increased the shipping commissions of their agents.\n\nSince the outbreak of war, an effort has been made by Messrs. Alfred Holt & Co. to regain their position in the Archipelago. Three new steamers have been laid down at the Taikoo Dockyard in Hong Kong, specially constructed for the Singapore-Bangkok service, and an arrangement has been entered into with the Straits Steamship Company, whose capital has been considerably increased, and it is intended that this company shall largely extend its field of operations in the future, and shall act as the feeder to the British lines calling at Singapore.\n\nPage 9\n\nThe general question of international shipping Conferences so far as they apply to the Far East will be dealt with at a later stage in this report. It is advisable at this point to state that--\n\nThe British merchants in the Straits Settlements consider that it will be gravely detrimental to the interests of British trade if the German lines are allowed to re-enter the Eastern Shipping Conference after the war.\n\nAmerican Competition.-Prior to the outbreak of war the United States was not a keen competitor in the import trade of the Colony owing to the high prices and long deliveries asked for her goods, and also owing to the fact that she was not represented on the spot by American merchant houses. During the past two years, however, the cessation of continental supplies and the uncertainty and delay in the execution of orders placed in the United Kingdom have resulted in a very large proportion of the orders for iron and steel of all kinds, bolts and nuts, galvanised and corrugated sheets, nails, copper, and brass being secured by United States manufacturers.\n\nThe United States is carrying on an active advertising campaign, and has supplied comprehensive catalogues of her manufactures to the various Consuls with a view to extending the trade. It is not considered by the local British houses that this competition will survive the resumption of normal conditions, unless the American facilities for distribution, shipping, and finance are very much improved.\n\nThe strong feature of the American trade is the large amount of Straits produce consumed in the States. New York is at the present time a more important market than London for Straits rubber and tin, but the bulk of this business is conducted through the established British houses in the Settlements.\n\nJapanese Competition Japan is likely to become an increasingly severe competitor in the Straits Settlements. Between the years 1902-1912 her exports to the Straits remained almost stationary, but her imports of Malayan produce increased threefold Since the war, however, her trade has expanded rapidly, and Japanese merchants are rapidly extending, throughout the Settlements and also the F.M.S., lines of trade which formerly were to a great extent in the hands of our enemies. The principal articles include matches, enamelled ware, glass and porcelain ware, cotton goods-especially singlets and towels, toys, chemicals, beer, and cement. Japanese packing cases, latex cups, and coagulating trays for use on the rubber estates are appearing in considerable quantities, and a large trade is being developed in insulators, lamp-shades, and other electrical necessities. In order to facilitate the finance of this trade a branch of the Bank of Taiwan has been opened in Singapore since the outbreak of the war.\n\nJapan's strength at present lies mainly in coal and shipping. Japanese coal- whether mined in Japan or in Manchuria enjoys a virtual monopoly in the Straits Settlements. A certain amount of Chinese coal from the Kailan Company's mines in North China is on the market, but the Japanese fuel is the bunker coal par excellence of the Far East.\n\nCoal is mined in Sumatra and Labuan, but only in small quantities, and the price cannot compete with the Japanese. This outward trade in coal is a valuable asset to the Japanese steamship services, and has been a prominent factor in stimulating Japanese shipping in the archipelago. The total Japanese tonnage entered and cleared in Straits ports in 1913 amounted to 2,600,000 tons, and in 1915 this figure had increased to 3,800,000 tons.\n\nJapanese competition, so far, has not seriously affected British commercial interests, inasmuch as the articles handled have been, in the main, low-priced sundry goods formerly supplied by enemy countries. The increase in the imports of hosiery are noteworthy, and with the efflux of time and the extension of the Japanese mills we may expect to see competition in the staple cotton fabrics. Japanese shipping is likely to prove a very serious competitor in the local services, and British merchants view with some concern the almost complete dependence upon Japan for bunker coal. It is suggested that an effort might be made to develop the import of Indian coal. The question is mainly one of shipping facilities.\n\nBanking and Credit Facilities. The banking and credit facilities in the Colony appear to be adequate to the needs of the trade. Branches of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and the Mercantile Bank of India are established both in the Settlements and in the F.M.S., and a liberal policy is pursued. The leading European merchants operate on their own funds, and, in addition, almost always receive a clean overdraft for a considerable amount.\n\nA 2687\n\nB\n\n601", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 469738, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "page_number": 612, "title": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "content_text": "20\n\nMacassar; and this extreme distaste for outport life exhibited by the British merchant is noticeable also in Sumatra and Borneo, and stands in contrast with the increased number of British planters of late years who are managing the rubber and tea estates, to which British capital has steadily flowed since 1910.\n\n5. One result of this German policy of opening branches in the outports of the archipelago has been the number of desirable sole or joint agencies for British manufacturers secured by them owing to their ability to distribute goods over a wide area. These agencies have been secured without any competition from local British houses, either because such houses were non-existent, or else they were not of a standing to command confidence. I am unable to state a single instance of German manufacturers according their representation to British firms under similar circumstances.\n\n6. There is little doubt that the German houses derived considerable advantage from illicit rebates on freight received from their shipping lines, and it is currently believed (although definite proof is difficult to obtain) that this system was also practised by the Dutch shipping companies. It is virtually impossible to secure in London direct proof of this system, but I am informed on the authority of an employé in Java, of Messrs. Orenstein & Koppel, that in one year the profits of this firm in Java amounted to 15,000l. The goods were sold at little above cost, and the large profit was derived from rebates on shipping.\n\nThe Committee of British bankers and merchants in Sourabaya appointed to advise H.M. Consul-General on questions of enemy trading report as follows:-\n\n\"Although the German and Austrian steamship companies were members of the Shipping Conference before the war, it is said that they allowed a secret rebate on goods shipped to German and Austrian firms here which British firms did not receive. It is said that the German shipping companies received a Government subsidy for that purpose.\"\n\nJapanese Competition.-There are indications that the Japanese are making great efforts to establish a trade in Japanese articles in Java, sometimes by unscrupulous means, such as copying trade marks, &c. This is a matter which can be remedied, as the Dutch authorities are prompt in stopping such practices. A party of Japanese manufacturers, merchants and professors has just conducted an extended tour of investigation throughout the islands, and have made a most careful study of the economic conditions. British merchants in the Netherlands Indies view with concern the probable extension of Japanese competition in textiles. So far, their influence has been scarcely felt, as the imports have been mainly in low quality fancy coloured woven goods and crapes, but attempts are being made to obtain a footing in the market in unbleached cloths, and it is realised that strenuous competition is imminent so far as grey drills, supers, low quality woven crape and striped cloths are concerned. In hosiery, underwear, and miscellaneous sundries, Japanese productions are rapidly taking the place of the German and Austrian articles, but in iron, steel, and hardware their goods are far inferior to the British or German article.\n\nPossessing cheap and comparatively skilful labour, light freight charges on subsidised steamers, and extremely low costs of distribution, Japan appears likely to become a most formidable competitor in the market. Dutch interests will be threatened equally with British, particularly in the piece goods trade, and it has been suggested that a combination of the two interests might be formed to resist this threatened invasion.\n\nImports of Japanese goods into the islands increased from 57,000l. in 1902 to 550,000l. in 1914, while the exports of produce to Japan rose from 660,000l. to 2,200,000l. during the same period. It will be noted that there is a large balance of trade against Japan owing to the heavy shipments of rice, and every effort will be made by the Japanese to reduce this adverse balance.\n\nThe Japanese share of the shipping trade, both in respect of regular liners and chartered steamers, has increased of recent years. The Nanyo Yusen Kaisha (South Sea Mail Steamship Company) operate a regular service between Japan and Java. In 1914 this company owned three steamers with a gross tonnage of 11,318. Their earnings only amounted to little over 22,000l., while their expenditure was 26,000l., but thanks to a subsidy of 7,000l. from the Imperial Japanese Government, they were enabled to pay a dividend of 10 per cent. and place a small sum to reserve. This instance is quoted to show how the Japanese system of shipping subsidies enables their steamers to exist on lines where they would otherwise be crushed by competition.\n\n21\n\nAmerican Competition.-A number of American agents have arrived in Java since the war with the object of developing a trade in U.S. productions, and there is no doubt that they are doing a larger business than before the war. The higher cost of production of American goods as compared with British, and the impracticability or unwillingness of American manufacturers to meet the requirements of the market, foster the belief that British interests will have little to fear from this competition on the return of peace conditions when home manufacturers, it is hoped, will be unhampered by shortage of labour, and when British steamships will once again be employed in the development of trade. The American manufacturers do not easily adapt themselves to outside methods, and often seek to impose their own conditions, which are not suited to Oriental markets. The imports from the United States rose from 200,000l. in 1902 to 609,000l. in 1912, and the exports increased in value during the same period from 450,000l. to 1,150,000l.\n\nItalian Competition. The competition of Italian textile manufacturers is fairly insistent, particularly in dyed goods of the heavier makes such as coatings, and also in dyed repps, tricots, &c. The goods are shipped from Genoa and not via Holland. The view is expressed by local experts that the Bradford Dyers' Association would take the matter up with the same pertinacity with which they dealt with competition in black Italiane (lastings); these continental goods may be ousted from the market. Italian competition is practically confined to these heavy dyed piece goods, and the values of the total importations under the Dutch East Indies of all Italian goods rose from 100,000l. to 350,000l. in 1912.\n\nShipping Facilities. The shipping lines with direct Java sailings are:-\n\n \n Line.\n Loading at Ports in the Order Named.\n \n \n Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland\n Amsterdam, London and Cherbourg.\n \n \n Rotterdam Lloyd\n Rotterdam and London.\n \n \n Stoomvaart Maatschappij Oceaan.\n(Ocean S.S. Co., Alfred Holt & Co.)\n Amsterdam, Glasgow and Birkenhead.\n \n\nIt will be noted that these three companies are all Dutch. Messrs. Alfred Holt & Co., as a matter of fact, run about five steamers under the Dutch flag and the remainder are part of the China fleet and operate under the British flag. It will be remarked that in all cases the first port of loading is a Dutch port. In pre-war days the Oceaan Co. generally placed two or three boats a week on the berth from Liverpool, provided that Amsterdam or Rotterdam could spare them, but this was never certain, and the result was that British merchants had to depend upon the space left over after Dutch and German shippers had finished loading. This entailed considerable delays and frequent \"shutting out\" of goods owing to the fact that space could not be reserved in Amsterdam or Rotterdam for British cargo to be loaded in London or Liverpool. The Batavia partner of one of the largest British importing firms in Java writes under date of May 26th last:-\"With the exception of occasional sailings by the Holt line, the whole of the British exports are dependent on room in foreign bottoms. Not only is there the continual difficulty in obtaining space, but at the same time the Dutch merchants are regularly able to get their goods out first and gain any existing benefits of the market. This latter fact is to-day more apparent than ever, and British merchants have to be content with 'what space is left after foreign competitors' goods have been loaded.'\"\n\nIt has been previously mentioned that the majority of the British bleached textiles are manufactured in England, sent to Holland to be bleached, and packed and shipped by the bleachers in Holland. This method has been found not only most satisfactory so far as the bleach and finish is concerned, but is also cheaper than if the goods were bleached in England and shipped direct. An expert witness before the Textiles Committee stated in this connection: \"I should imagine that the saving generally is on the freight. There is an arrangement in the freight from Holland to Java.\"\n\nI would strongly recommend, and in this recommendation I have the support of important British interests both in the United Kingdom and in Java, that an entirely British direct service be inaugurated, after the war, between the United Kingdom and Java and other ports in the Netherlands Indies. Steamers should load at Birkenhead (for the piece goods traffic) and London, and might call at Dutch and other continental ports if required. The essential point is that there should be regular, fast sailings.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 469741, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "page_number": 615, "title": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "content_text": "26\n\nfact, I consider that H.M. Government should carefully balance all the circumstances before deciding upon an aggressive post-bellum policy, which would tend to promote friction and which might recoil upon our own heads. The whole question is an important one, and I would recommend that H.M. Government should make careful investigation in the countries themselves as to the most suitable policy to be adopted after the war in all the Far Eastern markets, having regard to the peculiar circumstances in each case. It is not possible, at this distance, to do more than sketch the broad lines such policy might take.\n\nSUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS.\n\n1. Although the Netherlands Indies are to some extent a commercial dependency of the Straits Settlements, the direct trade with the outside world has increased enormously of late years, largely as a result of improved shipping facilities. In this increased trade British merchants in Java and the lesser islands have had a considerable share.\n\n2. A noteworthy feature is the paucity of British houses in the market. One or two powerful firms do a very large business in sugar and other produce. The import trade is handled by two or three more British Java houses, but there appears to be an opportunity for young, active men with local experience to commence business on their own account, provided that British banks are willing to be a little more generous in their terms. It is an admitted fact that young but enterprising German merchants, with slender resources, received more encouragement and assistance from their home manufacturers and banks and from their Government than was the case with British subjects under similar circumstances.\n\n3. The strongest competition encountered in the Netherlands Indies before the war was with the Dutch houses, and particularly in textiles. Holland had a large share of the trade in bleached goods, and it is stated that special rebates on Dutch goods were granted by the Dutch shipping companies to British merchants, by constant activity and vigilance were able to hold their own, and the shipments of British textiles to Java were increasing at a satisfactory rate. The market is an open one, and all nations are on the same footing as regards customs duties.\n\n4. German competition was keen throughout the archipelago, not only in German manufactured articles, but in the distribution of British goods. In the iron, steel, engineering and hardware trades the German merchants hold a very strong position, and they were rapidly building up a most satisfactory business in the export of miscellaneous produce. Their position was largely due to:—\n\n(a) Longer credit terms and financial facilities received from their Home banks, and also from Dutch banks, facilities which British banks declined to give.\n\n(b) Their monopoly of the sale of aniline dyes and synthetic indigo, which enabled them to force the sales of their textiles and other goods. This weapon is likely to be utilised still more effectively in the future, unless British dyestuff manufacturers can supply the dyes at competitive prices. The principal colours are aniline red and indigo.\n\n(c) The development of the export of the less important articles of produce, such as copra, and the willingness to reside and work up a trade in the more remote parts of the islands, where there was little competition.\n\n(d) The support which in many cases was given to them by British manufacturers in respect of desirable sole or joint agencies. These agencies were frequently granted because the German merchants had branches and connections in the Outer Possessions, and thus offered a wider field for distribution.\n\n(e) The facilities offered by German shipping lines, both as regards secret rebates, and also in extending local shipping services to certain outports, such as Macassar, where German influence was powerful.\n\nAfter the war, we may expect intensified German competition in the islands, as it is extremely likely that the leading enemy houses in the Straits will transfer their activities to the Dutch islands.\n\n5. Japanese competition before the war was not serious, but strenuous efforts are being made to work up a trade in the coarser grades of textiles. A very large business is being done in hosiery, underwear, and miscellaneous sundry articles, and local British interests anticipate gradually increasing competition in the future.\n\n27\n\n6. American competition before the war was negligible, but efforts are now being made to introduce United States manufactures. The attempt is not regarded with any concern by local British merchants, who aver that in normal times the high cost of production in the States, and the lack of American marketing and financing facilities enable them to hold their own.\n\n7. British merchants in the Dutch Indies are dependent on steamers which commence loading at Continental ports, and then call to fill up at British ports. This system causes much dissatisfaction on account of frequent \"shutting out\" of British goods. A regular, fast steamship service under the British flag from Birkenhead and other United Kingdom ports, calling at certain Continental ports, is strongly advocated. British merchants in Java are loud in their denunciation of the Shipping Conference agreements with German and Dutch companies, and urge that they should not be continued after the war.\n\n8. Heavy Imperial taxation, together with local taxation on profits, is bearing very heavily on the British houses, and is seriously handicapping them in competition with the Dutch. Owing to a low basis of assessment (the years 1913 and 1914 being lean years), the profits now being made are claimed by the Government as excess profits. This incidence of taxation is seriously crippling firms who would otherwise be prepared to sink their profits in consolidating and extending their influence.\n\nIt appears desirable, in the interests of our post-bellum position in the islands, that such special cases should receive favourable consideration at the hands of H.M. Government in return for guarantees that any profits thus exempted from taxation should be devoted to the strengthening and extending of British interests.\n\n9. In view of the necessity for closer co-operation and collective action on the part of British merchants after the war, and with the object of providing a link between H.M. officials and the mercantile community, it is desirable that purely British Chambers of Commerce be formed at Batavia, Sourabaya, Samarang, and any other ports where there is a sufficiently large British trading community.\n\n10. With a view to the promotion of British mercantile activity in the Netherlands Indies, I would recommend that a Commercial Intelligence Officer be appointed with headquarters at H.B.M. Consulate-General at Batavia, and that an efficient system of commercial intelligence should be inaugurated by him.\n\nSECTION 3. SIAM.\n\nSources of Information.—Much of the information contained in this Section has been obtained at personal interviews with the heads of the leading British houses trading in Siam. A memorandum has been received from the Bangkok agent of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and the many and valuable works of reference recently published have been consulted.\n\nExtent of Foreign Trade.-While Siam is one of the less important markets of the Far East from the point of view of the total volume of its foreign trade, it nevertheless merits careful attention by British commercial interests owing to:\n\n(a) The steady expansion of the trade with the outside world during the past 15 years as a result of good government and a systematic State policy of economic development; and\n\n(b) The commanding position occupied by local British trading firms, some of which have been established in the country from the date of the first Commercial Treaty concluded with Great Britain in 1855, the treaty which not only regulated trade methods but determined the Siamese Customs Tariff.\n\nThe total volume of the sea-borne trade of the country during the last three complete pre-war Siamese years was as follows:-----\n\n \n Year\n Total Imports\n Total Exports\n Total Value of Trade\n \n \n 1911-12\n 5,524,000\n 6,392,000\n 11,916,000\n \n \n 1912-13\n 5,740,000\n 6,173,000\n 11,913,000\n \n \n 1913-14\n 6,962,334\n 8,858,921\n 15,821,000\n \n\nN.B. The Siamese year extends from April 1st to March 31st.\n\nD2\n\n610", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 469753, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "page_number": 627, "title": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "content_text": "Own account.\n\n50\n\nA noteworthy feature of German competition in the Philippines has been the enterprise shown by young Germans of late years in commencing business on their own account. Whereas several such houses have begun trading in the past few years, I cannot trace a similar British house. This fact is probably due to the more liberal facilities accorded to them by the manufacturers and banks in their own country than has been the case in Great Britain. Credit must, however, be given for their undoubted industry and energy, and for the fact that many of them start, on the whole, better equipped with a sound commercial education than do their British contemporaries, who acquire their special knowledge haphazard in the service of established firms rather than in the schools.\n\nJapanese Competition.-The principal items of import from Japan in 1913 were:-\n\n£\n£\n\nCoal\n160,000 (210,000 in 1914)\n\nCement\n5,000 (25,000 in 1914)\n\nCotton Yarns, Grey\n11,000 (47,000 in 1914)\n\nCotton Cloth, bleached\n26,000\n14,000 in 1914\n\ndyed\n5,000 (11,000 in 1914)\n\nmercerised\n21,000 (30,000 in 1914)\n\nall other Wearing Apparel\n22,000\n\n21,000\n\n1,000\n\n60,000\n\nSince the outbreak of war, however, Japanese competition, particularly in textiles, has become more acute, and is being severely felt in underwear, umbrellas, yarns (40's), Turkey red cloths and other goods.\n\nJapanese shipping is only surpassed in total number of vessels and tonnage by the British. In 1914, of all shipping entered and cleared at Manila, the Japanese flag was flown on 132 vessels of a total net tonnage of 422,265. (British shipping for the same period-350 vessels, and 822,648 tons.)\n\nThe Mitsui Bussan Kaisha are established at Manila, and handle a steadily increasing import and export trade. The reason for the relative increase in imports from Japan may be explained in a sentence: cheap labour and geographical position.\n\nJapanese competition is undoubtedly increasing in severity, but it will be seen from the figures that it is not as yet really serious, and has not so far adversely affected local British interests to any appreciable extent.\n\nAmerican Competition. As we have seen, the United States supplies the major portion of the articles imported into the islands, a state of affairs entirely brought about by the Customs preference. I am informed that as the Philippines Government usually finds difficulty in raising revenue, it is possible that at some future time a small duty may be imposed on goods from the United States, but there is little hope that, in any event, foreign goods will be allowed to enter on the same terms as those from the United States so long as a virtual protectorate over the islands is continued.\n\nIn the local competition among merchants, American houses have not made the headway that might have been expected. Messrs. Macleod & Co. are strong competitors in hemp shipments, and transact a shipping agency business. Messrs. Macondray & Co. (in which there are British interests) do a considerable shipping and import trade. The American Trading Co., and several other smaller United States firms, are moderately active, particularly as regards engineering and hardware.\n\nBritish merchants, however, with their old-established connections and trade marks, and their strong financial position, are successfully maintaining their hold on the bulk trade.\n\nPage 51\n\nGeneral Methods of Business. The distribution of merchandise in the interior and throughout the islands is almost entirely in the hands of Chinese, who also act as merchants and brokers for the sale of produce to foreign exporters. Each foreign house in Manila, and elsewhere, employs a Chinese compradore for the transaction of its business, and he usually guarantees the accounts.\n\nThe usual credit terms granted by British houses on imported goods is from one to two months clear, and interest at the rate of 5-7 per cent. is charged after the expiry of this term. German firms frequently give 4-6 months credit, handing over the goods against promissory notes. Produce for export is paid for in cash upon delivery and after inspection, and this system has been found to work satisfactorily. In some cases advances are made, but this is not really necessary, and the custom is pernicious.\n\nShipping Facilities. In normal pre-war times direct shipping services were maintained between the United Kingdom and Philippine ports (Manila and Iloilo) by the Cia. Transatlantica and by Messrs. Alfred Holt & Co. The former line loaded at Liverpool and Glasgow, and called en route at Spanish ports and Singapore. This service has been suspended. The Blue Funnel steamers (Alfred Holt & Co.) load also at Glasgow and Birkenhead, and call at Penang and Singapore, but direct shipment has been suspended since the war, and cargo for the Philippines is transhipped at Hong Kong. Goods can also be shipped from London by the P. & O., Glen, Shire, and Nippon Yusen Kaisha lines with transhipment at Hong Kong, and occasionally a steamer loads at Middlesboro', taking Philippines cargo as far as Hong Kong. All these lines are members of the Eastern Shipping Conference, and a very efficient service was maintained.\n\nThe Trans-Pacific trade, prior to the war, was largely in the hands of the Pacific Mail S.S. Co., the Toyo Kisen Kaisha, and the Nippon Yusen Kaisha. The first-named company has now withdrawn its service owing to the operation of the La Follette Seaman's Bill, according to the terms of which 75 per cent. of the seamen on vessels entering United States ports must understand the language of their officers. This greatly-criticised measure has given a direct premium to Japanese shipping, which now largely predominates on the Pacific. In June 1914 the Canadian Pacific Steamship Company made Manila a port of call for its \"Empress\" boats on the outward voyage from Vancouver to Hong Kong, and this service will be fully maintained after the war. Messrs. Alfred Holt & Co. operated a service between Manila, Seattle and Puget Sound ports, and trans-Pacific connections were also maintained by steamers of the Barber, Dodwell, and Bank lines.\n\nIn 1914 an arrangement was made whereby three steamship companies, viz., the Ocean Steamship Co. (Alfred Holt & Co.) and two Dutch companies-Rotterdam Lloyd and the Netherlands-will in turn send one ship a month from New York via the Suez Canal, making Manila its terminus point after calling at Batavia and Macassar, and calling at Batavia, Colombo, and Gibraltar on the return voyage. The Indra line also run regular services from New York to the Far East via Suez.\n\nA very good local service between Manila and Hong Kong is maintained by the China Navigation Co. (Messrs. Butterfield and Swire), the Indo-China S.S. Co. (Messrs. Jardine, Mathieson, & Co., Ltd.), and numerous Japanese steamers.\n\nThe share of the principal flags engaged in the foreign trade of the islands will be seen from the following figures abstracted from the Consular Report, and showing the vessels cleared at Manila during 1913 and 1914-\n\nNationality\nVessels. 1913\nNet Tonnage\nVessels. 1914\nNet Tonnage\n\nBritish\n359\n827,246\n360\n822,648\n\nUnited States\n29\n204,582\n27\n193,049\n\nDanish\n10\n\n8\n997\n\nFrench\n81\n250,321\n61\n191,847\n\nGerman\n133\n402,496\n182\n422,265\n\nJapanese\n\n+\n5,117\n\nNorwegian\n8\n16,220\n45\n60,961\n\nPhilippine\n37\n$1,700\n\nt\n\nPortuguese\n1\n995\n207\n\nRussian\n13\n32,558\n12\n28,355\n\nSpanish\n2\n6,882\n2\n4,645\n\nSwedish\n\n669\n\nTotal\n1,791,203\n\n631\n1,721,931\n\nNOTE.-Coastwise vessels are not included in the foregoing table, only those entering and clearing Manila direct in foreign trade being mentioned here. The others appear in the Cebu and Iloilo returns according as they called at either of these ports before or after Manila.\n\nInterned German Shipping. Twenty-five German vessels entered Manila Harbour for safety after August 5th, 1914, of which seven put to sea again, but three ...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 474944, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "page_number": 638, "title": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "content_text": "72\n\nsuccessful German firm in Shanghai, in spite of the fact that they were more expensive than German assistants of similar age and attainments. It may be generally stated that the Germans are more thorough and painstaking. The Germans were more resourceful and with greater initiative than the British. They were always encouraged by their firms to associate with Chinese and to learn their language. They were consequently more thoroughly in touch with the needs of the Chinese markets, and many successful departments have been established by the out-of-office work of young Germans. In a similar manner, they devoted themselves to the study of the export trade, the uses to which Chinese produce could be put, and the markets in which it would be likely to find a sale. In insurance work, their intimacy with the Chinese was also useful in securing business.\n\nThe great need of the young Briton in China is a knowledge of the Chinese language and an understanding of the people and their needs. The British Chamber of Commerce has founded a Chinese Language School* with a view to meeting this need, and the number of students who are now studying gives promise that the next few years will see a marked improvement under this head.\n\nIt is believed that the men most suitable for the Far East are those who have shown, whilst in England, some aptitude for the Chinese language, and who can be sent out sufficiently young to learn their business thoroughly in actual touch with the Chinese buyers.\n\nIn connection with the study of Chinese, attention should also be drawn to the fact that the German prisoners in Japan (most of whom consist of young business men drawn from German offices at the China ports and captured at Tsingtao) are employing their time during captivity in studying both the Chinese and Japanese languages, and I learn that most rapid progress is being made. It is certain that the need for a working acquaintance with colloquial Chinese will be greater after the war than ever before. The recently-opened School of Oriental Studies in London will give our young men who intend to make a career in the Far East much greater facilities than have been available to their predecessors for making a start in that great market well-equipped for their work. It is particularly gratifying to learn that not only is the language to be taught, but lectures will also be given on the manners and customs of the people, which are every whit as important to understand as the spoken tongue itself.\n\nWith regard to the education of Chinese students under British auspices, the China Association writes:-\n\nThe work done by the Hong Kong University is most valuable, especially in connection with the subjects of engineering and medicine. Japanese, American, and, to a lesser degree, German schools and colleges are all making great efforts to influence the more able young men of the rising generation in China, and we should be doing more on the same lines. My Committee hope to see a University under British supervision eventually established at Hankow, but, although this may not be a suitable time to press its claims, they believe that it is worthy of the consideration of H.M. Government whether it may not be possible to give support to such an institution at some future time.\n\n9. Observations on such questions as the possible improvement of transport facilities between the United Kingdom and China, the safeguarding of British trade-marks, fraudulent marking of competing goods, &c.\n\n(a) Transport facilities. The replies on this point are very meagre. The Tientsin, Hankow, and Canton Chambers make no comment whatever. The Shanghai Chamber states:-\n\nThe bulk of the export trade from Northern China to the United Kingdom is shipped from Shanghai, produce from the coast and river ports being shipped on through bills of lading and transhipped to the following lines:-\n\nP. & O. S.N. Co.; Ocean S.S. Co.; China Mutual; Glen Line; Shire Line; Ellerman Line; Nippon Yusen Kaisha.\n\nNote.-Language schools are also conducted by the Tientsin, Hankow, and Canton Chambers for instruction in the vernacular of those ports.\n\n73\n\nSteamers load direct at Tsingtao and Tientsin, and at Nanking (Pukow) and Hankow, during the summer months, when the Yangtse is open to navigation by ocean steamers.\n\nTrade with the United Kingdom is entirely in the hands of British lines, with the exception of the Nippon Yusen Kaisha, but the bulk of the shipping and of foreign competition is concerned with the trade to Continental ports; this will remain so as long as the Central European countries are the principal users of China produce.\n\n1912\n1913\n1914\n1915\n\nAmount carried by German and Austrian Lines.\n\nContinent.\n50,199\n75,207\n88,963\n147,314\n\nUnited Kingdom.\n293,907\n270,302\n173,673\n134,564\n\nContinent.\n865\n309\n348\nNil\n\nUnited Kingdom.\n142,866\n151,855\n93,016\nNil\n\nThe only suggestion which can be made in regard to questions of British transport is in connection with the rebate question.*\n\nThe export of China produce, which was practically monopolised by the Germans before the war, has fallen into British hands to a greater extent during the past two years. In order that full advantage may be taken of this fact, it is urged that the China Homeward Freight Conference should consider sympathetically the request of shippers to make some new arrangement in regard to rebates. At present, very large sums are tied up owing to the system of charging 10 per cent. on the existing high freights, and it is believed that, unless this matter is adjusted before the close of the war, British exporters of China produce will stand at a grave disadvantage as compared with their German competitors, who have no funds tied up, heavy consignments awaiting shipment, and the probability of a large quantity of interned German tonnage for the conveyance of their produce to Europe at the end of the war. The British Engineers' Association state:-\n\nThe admitted handicap under which British engineering firms suffer in connection with transport matters, and under which it is found that it is often cheaper to send goods from England to Rotterdam to be shipped to the Far East than to ship direct from a British port, is a question for which the Board of Trade should find a solution if British trade interests are to be promoted.\n\n(b) Trade Marks.-All the bodies consulted emphasize the need for effective trade marks legislation in China. The Shanghai Chamber states that they have had the question under constant consideration, and they hope that the importance of the subject will ensure for it the active attention of His Majesty's Minister as soon as the political situation provides a favourable opportunity. They strongly support a recent recommendation from the China Association that the Chinese Government should be invited to make use of expert British advice in their treatment of this intricate problem.\n\n(c) Aniline Dyes.-The Shanghai Chamber and also the China Association raise this question. The former writes:-\n\nThe Chamber desires to draw attention to the very large dimensions of the trade controlled by Germany in aniline dyes. During the years 1912-14, the Customs Returns showed an import of these dyes into China approximating in value to the import into the United Kingdom:-\n\n1912\n1913\n1914\n\nArtificial indigo\n7,342,942\n9,633,157\n8,740,257\n\nAniline dyes\n2,190,610\n5,401,820\n3,250,305\n\nValues in Haikuan Taels.\n\nPage 74 is missing.\n\nK", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 474963, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "page_number": 657, "title": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "content_text": "Page 110\n\nThe following extract from the \"Far Eastern Review,\" July or August 1916, the facts of which have been authenticated, clearly shows the way in which the Japanese State-aided and directed national shipping policy operates to the advantage of Japanese trade and to the grave detriment of that of all other competing countries in the open market of China:—\n\n\"A new menace and an exceedingly serious hindrance to trade between China and foreign countries, especially concerning Great Britain and the United States, has recently developed and has created a situation in which the capture of China's entire export trade by Japan is imminent. It is imminent if it has not already come about.\n\n\"Knowledge of the situation first came to break upon the British and American merchants when, in response to recent cabled requests from London for prices, they submitted bids for the supply of certain Chinese commodities, which, instead of being accepted as in former times, were rejected with the comment 'Price too high.' This happened not only in some of the smaller lines of business, but in two of the great export products of China, vegetable oils and oil seeds, on which the particular merchants tendering were convinced they could quote as low prices as anyone.\n\n\"Refusal of first offers led some of them to quote new prices without commission, quoting the exact cost, insurance, and freight on the goods in question. Again the reply came back that the prices were too high. Closer enquiry elicited the information that Japanese houses, or British houses in London acting as agents for Japanese, were making much lower quotations. How they could do this the British and American firms failed to understand, since in some cases they know that slightly higher prices had been paid by Japanese for Chinese exports than they themselves were willing to offer.\n\n\"Then came a bombshell in the publication by the Japanese of revised schedules of freight from Kobe to the United Kingdom. By these schedules it was shown that Japanese steamers were taking ground-nut cargo, for example, at 48s. a ton from Kobe to Hull, whereas the Home Conference rate as published by that body was 190s. Since the rate from Shanghai to Kobe is about $6 Mexican a ton, or, at the then rate of exchange, about 11s., it appears that Japanese shippers can purchase China products in Shanghai or other ports, ship them to Kobe, and tranship to the United Kingdom for about 60s. a ton, plus the cost of transhipment. This gives the Japanese an immense advantage over shippers on British and other vessels charging the Homeward Conference rate of 190s. a ton.\n\n\"It is obvious that no firm compelled to pay the Conference rates can hope to compete in any product which the Japanese care to handle, and it also follows that the Japanese buyers of Chinese products are able to pay several Mexican dollars a picul more for China products, thus stifling all present competition in buying, although the ultimate effect of this monopoly probably will be not to raise prices, but to lower them, as the Japanese is a good business man and always pays as little as he can for any produce he desires,\n\nPage 44\n\n\"The question may be raised why the British and American shippers do not take the line of least resistance and avoid payment of the 190s. Conference rate by shipping through Kobe. This is impossible, since the Japanese have carefully closed this outlet to other nationalities, and their polite reply to merchants seeking cargo space for such shipments is that they have no room on their ships to accommodate the same. Whether this statement is actually according to fact at the time the space is requested or not does not matter since, even with the Japanese shipping and all the ships running under the Conference rates, there is still a sufficient deficit of cargo space, and the Japanese need only go out into the market in China to buy any amount of products needed to fill their holds.\n\n\"Thus far only the question of British and American trade with Great Britain has been dealt with, but it would also appear that those doing business with the United States, especially with the West Coast, are in a similar predicament as regards Japanese competition. The rate from Kobe to the West Coast is $8 gold per ton, according to the last advertised rates of the Japanese subsidised lines, whose maximum charges are regulated by the Japanese Government. Add to this the freight of $11 Mexican from Shanghai to Kobe, or about $5.50 gold, and it becomes evident that Japanese shippers can land Chinese products in San Francisco or Seattle for the freight charge\n\nPage 111\n\nof $13.50 gold, plus the cost of transhipment in a Japanese port, which probably runs less than 50 cents gold a ton, making a total freight and handling charge of $14. The Pacific Conference rates are $24 gold a ton, which gives the Japanese an advantage of $10 a ton, so that no American shipper or any other than Japanese can hope to compete.\n\nWhile the effect at present is evidently to restrict trade in China products to the Japanese, it must not be forgotten that when trade lines are once established in China they tend to persist, and Japan's monopoly of the field, to the exclusion of all other competitors, gives her an opportunity of securing a strangle hold on the China market, which may be difficult to shake off when normal conditions as regards shipping return.\n\n\"The noteworthy feature of this competition is that it is perfectly legitimate, and has come about through the fact that Japan has been handed the dominance of the Pacific by the enforced withdrawal of the Pacific Mail Lines and the general lack of American ships in Pacific waters. In fact, so greatly have the Japanese been aided in their policy of 'peaceful penetration' by the present shipping conditions, that their entire diplomatic attitude towards China shows signs of change. Their subconscious argument probably is, 'What is the necessity of force or threat of the same as displayed in the famous twenty-one demands, when the shipping situation has put us in a position simply to let economic advantages do their work and secure us that dominant place in the trade of China which we have so long contended was ours by right of proximity.'\n\n\"Be that as it may, other nations engaged in business in China are not viewing with complacency the advance of Japan's commercial place at their expense, especially now that efforts on their part to secure relief by lower rates on the China run have proved unavailing, and strong representations made to the British Government have failed to reduce the rates of the British-owned ships in the least. When it is considered that even the 48s. rate from Kobe to United Kingdom ports represents a considerable increase over conditions prior to the war and that Japanese subsidised lines are making money hand over fist, declaring unprecedented dividends, it would appear that this firm combination of Japanese merchants and shipowners is being enabled to build such a wall around the trade of China that even a sweeping slash in rates will fail to demolish it. Past experience has proved that the Japanese can run their ships on lower freight rates than those of other nationalities, so that it may take sterner competition than ever has occurred in the past to make a breach in the new economic wall which Japan has constructed around China, a wall in which no diplomatic representations can force an 'open door' since it is all so simple and above-board, being based on conditions over which diplomacy has no control.\"\n\nD. ACTIVE GOVERNMENT ENCOURAGEMENT OF FOREIGN TRADE. Japanese official policy with regard to foreign trade has many points in common with that of Germany. The Japanese Imperial Government realised at an early date that economic expansion and the creation of a large overseas trade, with its concomitant of economic penetration in the countries of the East, was the surest way to consolidate the political position as the leading Power in the Far East to which it aspired, and which it has attained in a remarkably short space of time.\n\nIndustry and foreign commerce have, therefore, been fostered and scientifically protected in every possible way. Shipping has been encouraged by means of large subsidies, the closing of the coasting trade to all but Japanese vessels, and the development of the shipbuilding resources of the country by placing Government orders for warships with private yards such as the Mitsu Bishi Dockyard at Nagasaki and the Kawasaki Company at Kobe.\n\nFinance has been stimulated by the Government support accorded to the Bank of Japan, the Yokohama Specie Bank, the Bank of Taiwan, and others; the two last-mentioned concerns have branches in almost all countries of the Far East and in India. I am informed by a British banker in Japan that State financial aid is afforded to the foreign trade of Japan to the extent of 2,000,000l. at 2 per cent. per annum, through the medium of the Yokohama Specie Bank, which does not refuse any Japanese applicant for accommodation, provided that his enterprise is reasonably sound, and he bears a good character, apart altogether from what his financial standing may be. Judged by results, this policy would seem to have been justified,\n\nPage 04\n\n652", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 474968, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "page_number": 662, "title": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "content_text": "657\n\n120\n\nand other companies in places where, at the present time, the British company is not seriously challenged.'\n\n\"The Committee fear that any legislation on the part of the British Government which may have the effect of restricting the freedom with which British offices have hitherto conducted their business in the Far East, whether in regard to their selection of agents, or in respect to the firms to whom they may grant insurances, would be of no assistance whatever to the companies, but would, on the contrary, materially assist their chief competitors to extend their influence to the disadvantage of the British.'\n\n71\n\n(6) MARINE INSURANCE. The following is a summary of the views expressed by the leading insurance associations in the Far East:—\n\nSingapore. Very little competition existed before the war, and it is not expected that more serious competition will be experienced after the war. It is suggested that legislation should be introduced enacting that every company transacting fire and marine insurance business in the colony should hold at least £10,000 value of approved British Government Stocks. It is held that the introduction of such legislation would prevent small, unsound concerns from doing business, and would, at the same time, afford protection to native policy-holders. This suggestion is one which H.M. Government might consider after consultation with the Governor of the Straits Settlements.\n\nHong Kong -The Committee consider that no enemy subject should be allowed to enter the colony after the war.\n\nThe following suggestions are offered as affording a measure of protection against the competition of neutrals, and, so far as the terms of the Paris Conference admit, against the competition of Allies:-\n\n(1) Legislation providing that British traders or insurance companies shall insure and reinsure only with British companies.\n\nNOTE. They suggest that this may need modification under the terms of the Paris Conference, and that the Local Companies Ordinance must be so amended as to prevent foreigners from forming companies registered under the Ordinance, and so becoming entitled to the designation \"British.\"\n\n(2) Legislation obliging British insurance companies doing business through agents to employ only British agents on Empire territory.\n\nNOTE-They suggest that this may need modification under the terms of the Paris Conference.\n\n(3) Legislation to provide for a special tax on all premia received by foreign companies doing business on Empire territory.\n\nNOTE. They suggest that this also may need modification under the terms of the Paris Conference; that the books of all insurance companies should be open to inspection by properly-appointed auditors, and that it should be obligatory that the books of all companies doing business on Empire territory should be kept in English.\n\nThe above suggestions are intended to be protective measures for British insurance companies and their agents. Inasmuch as British insurance companies in Hong Kong before the war had practically no competition to meet and held a predominant position, I contend that such protection is unnecessary and undesirable.\n\nShanghai --In a carefully considered memorandum the insurance sub-committee of the Shanghai British Chamber of Commerce state that Chinese coastal business is practically all in the hands of native companies, while the overseas trade from China to Europe and America is controlled by British companies in China, London and the United States, and the rates are governed by the London market. As the financial position of British companies has improved during the war, the prospect of their being able to continue holding their own against the competition of non-British companies is decidedly good.\n\nBefore the war, agencies of British companies were freely offered to German merchant firms, and the heads of German firms were placed on local directorates for the purpose of influencing business. The sub-committee state that the future policy with regard to the employment of German agents, &c., will necessarily be governed by the position of German merchants in China. If German merchants enjoy the same shipping and banking facilities as before the war, they hold that no useful\n\n121\n\npurpose would be served in prohibiting British companies from covering German cargo, although it is admitted that German merchants may possibly look askance at British policies in future if they are unable to collect the claims arising out of interned cargo.\n\nThe sub-committee very clearly state:-\n\n\"Insurance follows trade, and it would not appear to be to the interests of British companies that their business should be hampered by any artificial means such as legislation against insuring German risks. As long as German trade with China is allowed to be resumed on the old scale, British insurance companies would only be cutting their own throats by refusing to take the insurance. The keynote of the situation would appear to be banking and shipping facilities. By placing sufficient obstacles in the way of German shipping and banking, the German merchant in China is at once placed at a disadvantage as compared with the British merchant, with the result that more British business will come the way of the British insurance companies, and there will be no object in running after German agents to represent them.\n\nAfter commenting on increasing Japanese competition and the unsatisfactory position of British insurance companies in Japan, owing to the inexperienced administration of the Marine Insurance law of that country, the sub-committee conclude by stating:-\n\n\"British insurance companies are confident that with a free hand they can hold the insurance on the bulk of the import and export trade of China.\" The Shanghai Marine Underwriters' Association somewhat naively state that they find themselves \"in entire agreement with the sub-committee on the point of being able to protect their own interests should it unfortunately be left to them to do so after the war, but they would insist that where such vital matters as finance, shipping, and insurance are concerned, every precaution should now be taken to hereafter impose restrictions, legally enforceable, upon those facilities which enemy firms undoubtedly enjoyed before the war.\n\nI would endorse the views held by the insurance sub-committee of the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, that it would not be in the interests of British companies that their business should be hampered by any artificial means, such as legislation against insuring German risks.\n\nKobe. The Kobe branch of the Foreign Marine Insurance Association of Japan state that their competition in the past has been solely from Japanese companies. When war broke out there were no German companies holding a licence from the Japanese Government to underwrite marine risks, and German shippers, finding themselves unable to cover their risks with British companies, were driven to insure with Japanese companies.\n\nThe Japanese companies have secured a stronger position during the war, and increased competition may be looked for in the future.\n\nThe only suggestion that is made is that it would seem advisable to keep a careful watch on Japanese legislation, lest any measure be introduced which would place British companies at a disadvantage in the matter of the deposit of funds or otherwise, and would prevent them from having an open field and fair treatment.\n\nYokohama. The Yokohama branch of the Foreign Marine Insurance Association of Japan anticipate increased competition after the war. They consider that the inconvenience and loss caused by the sudden breaking-off of business relations between enemy subjects time of war will cause all nations to see the advantage of insurance contracts being formed exclusively with companies of their own nationality, with the result that whereas formerly the British companies and underwriters handled the bulk of the insurance for all nations, the tendency will probably be for each nation to establish underwriting facilities for its own nationals all over the world.\n\nThey state that the Japanese companies will be greatly strengthened by the present prosperity of Japan arising out of the war, and that the help of the foreign companies, both as regards original insurances and reinsurance contracts, will be required to a lesser degree. They point out that whereas a foreign company has to pay a deposit (£50 per cent. of its premium income with a minimum of £10,000), deducting only reinsurances effected with companies registered in Japan) before being allowed to underwrite in Japan, a Japanese company may do business in the United Kingdom and the Crown Colonies without payment of deposit, and they consider that", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 475111, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917", "page_number": 108, "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917", "content_text": "Copy of letter from H. M. & Co. dated 26th Nov. 1916.\n\nDear Sir,\n\nRect iRe 12217\n\nIt is very much to our regret that we have delayed in replying your letter of the 18th July, because when it was received our Mr. Chue was absent from Hong Kong, and we had to wait till his return before we could discuss the matter referred to, in your letter. He returned here on the 11th inst. after a trip in Japan and Hankow. After a consideration in the matter we now decide that it is much advisable for yourself to take the place of our mutual friends in City Road, and as to the question whether we want you to come to China to have a conference on all the matters, we deem it is not necessary as it is a matter of fact, a loss of your time in making all the necessary arrangements to continue our shipments.\n\nWe rather prefer to get Pero than Ipo, and we therefore wonder if you can do this in any of the Continental Ports. As regards the \"ways and means\" of shipping, the present one is good, and if there be any better ones to facilitate the shipment you may adopt it, and advise accordingly. We also much prefer that Mr. B. is willing to privately take interest in the welfare as he is an expert to adjust the quality of the goods.\n\nIn regard with commission and allowance etc. in addition to those already allowed in each shipment we are very pleased to hear you and are quite agreeable to pay what you think fair and reasonable.\n\nTrusting to hear good result from you.\n\nYours sincerely,\n\nI. CHU.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 475169, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917", "page_number": 166, "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917", "content_text": "C. I\n\n123ADR023\n\nDRAFT\n\nthe ker\n\nM.D.J. Shiffing\n\nMINUTE\n\nMO\n\nHurg 19/05/3\n\nLis\n\nJ\n\nBALA\n\nInese\n\nth\n\nA\n\n164\n\n24\n\nHer go\n\nof your\n\nWellin\n\n20 56062/97\n\nof the 12th April regarding the\n\nMr.\n\nMB 23\n\nMr. Uangson 2814\n\n4 Ships\n\nwhich\n\nGAL\n\nbeny built\n\nMr. Collins 2.3\n\nMr. Grindle.\n\nMr. Lambert\n\nMr. Read\n\nSir G. Fiddes.\n\nMr. Steel-Maitland.\n\nMr. Long.\n\nfor Norwegian\n\nownend\n\nat whoy.\n\nAnso 22291\n\nand\n\nLo\n\nWhether\n\nthe Shiffing Conbirther proposes of\n\nEquisition\n\nto\n\nangthats the\n\nwith\n\nCopy 19053 Var/4/19 OCF +14/17\n\nD. in C. 21.3.16\n\nhausfer of\n\nWhether\n\nthear\n\nvisits\n\nthe local\n\nEast 4\n\nlable\n\nThe\n\naccessary\n\naction\n\nUpon reviewing the original text and the output, several corrections and improvements can be made according to the given rules:\n\n1. **Correcting OCR errors and typos**:\n - \"C. I\" is likely \"C.I.\".\n - \"123ADR 023\" should be \"123 ADR023\" or kept as is if it's a specific reference format.\n - \"M.DJ Shiffing\" should be \"M.D.J. Shiffing\".\n - \"Hurg 19053\" is unclear; possibly \"Hurg 19/05/3\" is a date or reference.\n - \"Inese\" could be \"In ese\" or another word; context is needed.\n - \"Uangson\" is likely a name and might be correct or could be \"Jangson\" or another variation.\n - \"beny built\" should be \"bemy built\" or more likely \"been built\".\n - \"ownend\" should be \"owned\".\n - \"at whoy\" is unclear; possibly \"at Hoy\" or another location/reference.\n - \"Conbirther\" is likely \"Conference\" or \"Committee\", possibly \"Shipping Conference\".\n - \"Equisition\" should be \"Acquisition\".\n - \"angthats the\" is unclear; possibly \"augments the\" or another phrase.\n - \"Сере\" is not English; context is needed.\n - \"збила\" is not English; context is needed.\n - \"hausfer of\" is likely \"transfer of\".\n - \"thear\" should be \"their\".\n - \"ú\" is not standard English; it might be a misrecognition or a character from another language.\n\n2. **Reordering and reformatting**:\n - The text appears to be a jumbled collection of names, references, and sentence fragments. Reordering might be necessary to form coherent sentences or paragraphs.\n - Some parts seem to be related to shipping and government or official communications.\n\n3. **Applying Markdown formatting**:\n - The task requires output in HTML using `` for paragraphs, not Markdown. However, understanding Markdown can help in structuring the text.\n\nGiven the constraints and the original text's condition, a more detailed correction would require understanding the context or having more information about the document's origin and purpose. However, here is a revised version with some corrections and improvements:\n\nC.I.\n\n123 ADR023\n\nDRAFT\n\nthe ker\n\nM.D.J. Shiffing\n\nMINUTE\n\nMO\n\nHurg 19/05/3\n\nLis\n\nJ\n\nBALA\n\nIn ese\n\nthe\n\nA\n\n164\n\n24\n\nHer go\n\nof your\n\nWellin\n\n20 56062/97\n\nof the 12th April regarding the\n\nMr.\n\nMB 23\n\nMr. Jangson 2814\n\n4 Ships\n\nwhich\n\nGAL\n\nbeen built\n\nMr. Collins 2.3\n\nMr. Grindle.\n\nMr. Lambert\n\nMr. Read\n\nSir G. Fiddes.\n\nMr. Steel-Maitland.\n\nMr. Long.\n\nfor Norwegian\n\nowned\n\nat Hoy.\n\nAnso 22291\n\nand\n\nLo\n\nWhether\n\nthe Shipping Conference proposes\n\nAcquisition\n\nto\n\naugments the\n\nwith\n\nCopy 19053 Var/4/19 OCF +14/17\n\nD. in C. 21.3.16\n\ntransfer of\n\nWhether\n\ntheir\n\nvisits\n\nthe local\n\nEast 4\n\nlabel\n\nThe\n\naccessary\n\naction\n\nThis version corrects some obvious typos and errors but still requires more context for a thorough correction.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 475458, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917", "page_number": 455, "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917", "content_text": "FRESHFIELDS, STOOK & CO., LONDON:\n\nIN FRESHFIELD & LD.\n\nFON HANBON FRESHFIELD,\n\nL. S. WILLIAM FRESHFIELD,\n\nWILLIAM MARGREAVES LEEBE, DART.\n\n450\n\nNew Bank Buildings,\n\n31, Old Jewry, E.C.2.\n\n30th July 1917.\n\nDear Davis,\n\nI would like Mr Patterson to have an opportunity afforded him on waiting on your Department.\n\nI would also like the Alliance to have an opportunity of submitting the following matters for consideration:-\n\n1. The inclusion of hides and skins not bearing hair or wool in our arrangements.\n\n2. Facilities for exporting these commodities (as well as skins of sheep and goats with hair or wool on them) from the East African Protectorates including Aden. As shipments via the United Kingdom are no longer permitted the trades interested in the United States would like to be helped in the matter of shipping facilities either for direct shipment or, if the Union Government permit, via South Africa. We are not without hope that the Ministry of Shipping may be able with the assistance of your Department to help us.\n\n3. Shipments of Australian Wool via Vancouver. The Alliance would like to have permission to use vessels plying to Vancouver if and when space offers after satisfying the requirements of the Canadian and Australian Authorities.\n\n4. Should the Authorities purchase wool in South Africa the Alliance would, subject to certain reservations which can be mentioned in conference, wish American traders who have purchased to be permitted to carry through their purchases.\n\n5. Representation of the Alliance and similar Alliances, Representation of the Alliance in Singapore and Hongkong.\n\nI am, Dear Davis,\n\nYours faithfully,\n\nH. FRESHFIELD\n\nC. T. Davis Esq., C.M.G.\n\nColonial Office,\n\nS.W.1.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 476572, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-448 - Governor Sir May - 1918 [4-6]", "page_number": 387, "title": "CO129-448 - Governor Sir May - 1918 [4-6]", "content_text": "# CONFIDENTIAL\n\n**C.O.**\n\n34255\n\nRac\n\nRER 12 JUL 18\n\n## GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG. 22nd May, 1918\n\n384\n\nJar 76046\n\n**Confidential!**\n\nSir,\n\nIn continuation of my Confidential Despatch of the 5th February, I have the honour to forward a copy of a report by the Superintendent of Imports and Exports regarding certain aspects of the Wolfram situation.\n\n2. With reference to the first paragraph of the report, I may mention that the Chinese Authorities are fully aware of the valuable nature of the extensive deposits in the Kwong Tung Province, and the various parties who are contributing to the present political chaos are all trying to make something out of the business. I enclose copies of two despatches and an extract from a report by His Majesty's Consul-General at Canton on the subject.\n\n3. With regard to the second paragraph of Mr. Tratman's report, it would seem that the Ministry of Munitions has made certain concessions in the matter of the fixed maximum price for Wolfram. As however there is no freight space available at present, the matter is not one of immediate importance. It is understood that the Ministry of Shipping has instructed the local representative of the Homeward Freight Conference that Wolfram is not to be carried in British Ships under requisition. I telegraphed to you on this point today.\n\n4. I take this opportunity to enclose a copy...\n\n**RIGHT HONOURABLE WALTER LONG, M.P., &c., &c., &c.**", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-448 - Governor Sir May - 1918 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 477098, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-449 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [7-9]", "page_number": 328, "title": "CO129-449 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [7-9]", "content_text": "## For 25061.\n\n327\n\nConference that the latter's discretionary powers with respect to the loading of wolframite for the United Kingdom on the steamers under his direction had been withdrawn. Space on Japanese steamers being only obtainable by British merchants with the greatest difficulty and at the exorbitant rate of 400/500 shillings per ton, business at the British official price became still more impossible. Accordingly I asked in my telegram of the 22nd May for leave to abolish the condition requiring first offer to be given to the Ministry of Munitions. On receipt of your reply a month later, the Superintendent of Imports and Exports issued a circular to all the firms dealing in wolframite, promising space at 150 shillings per ton and inviting offers of parcels for the Ministry. The resulting offers, one British, one American and one Chinese, were communicated in my telegram of the 15th July. These parcels were all shipped to the United Kingdom in due course at 70 shillings per unit, i.e., 5s. 8d. above the official price as notified to us in your telegram of the 31st January. Even this price gives little if any margin of profit. These and other shipments at the same figure have been made partly from patriotic motives and partly with an eye to post-war business in wolframite and other Chinese minerals with the United Kingdom. The whole could equally well have been sold to the United States of America at $20 per unit.\n\n## For 34759.\n\n2688\n\n4.\n\nThe concession in the matter of shipping space mitigated to a considerable degree the dissatisfaction felt by British and other non-American merchants against the \"first offer\" rule. But when it became known that Mr. E. A. Watson was purchasing in New York at 84 shillings per unit the same parcels of ore that he had refused as Broker to the Ministry of Munitions, not a little strong...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-449 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 479349, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-453 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [1-3]", "page_number": 326, "title": "CO129-453 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [1-3]", "content_text": "I pursued at house in câu.\n\n20 conder\n\nIt has not yet been sulted whether civil flying shall \n\n310 ins a despatch purporting side the policy of H. M. G., but might be circulated to peepto. be a fore. monopoly, the (mandpoles of chartered company, Jor infü. or anybody's affair. Centil holing has been veltic at hoe the Air ministry are not prepared to expen A Opinion on it begondi saging (1) they with no col from. will commit itself itself to any monopoly порову likely to the it's hands in future or other arrangement- (2) they weland private flaying vententes have no objection to mail, being Entrusted to piloto from time to limmer. famiach. ly verince is theby \n\nThe above is derived from Wt. Raikes widmer at the W. J. Shipping (the St. is therefen not-suitable for for embodiment- \n\nOn the particular point befor the crtablishment of flying services in HE W.. attitude was encourage Col. Raikes by all means reliable people to start- shall services, or to arrange. Exhibition flights, Experience by chr can kinporary ventures Commit lasting feb all the J but do n youselves to any a to anything scheme that- would affect the main flexing routed hereafter to be established. Cum Bat \n\nThe air ministry have filmished. in with estimates which (to my mind I have definited knocked of an accial on the head all idea mail or passenger scoric is this\n\n## Reconstructed Text\n\nI pursued the matter at home.\n\nIt has not yet been consulted whether civil flying shall be a monopoly, the monopoly of a chartered company, or anybody's affair. Central holding has been criticised at home. The Air Ministry are not prepared to expand beyond saying (1) they will not commit themselves to any monopoly or other arrangement likely to tie their hands in future; (2) they have no objection to mail being entrusted to pilots from time to time.\n\nThe above is derived from Lt. Raikes' memorandum at the W. J. Shipping Conference (the subject is therefore not suitable for embodiment).\n\nOn the particular point before the establishment of flying services in H.E.W., the attitude was to encourage Col. Raikes by all means to start services or arrange exhibition flights. Experience gained by temporary ventures can commit to lasting schemes, but do not bind yourselves to anything that would affect the main flying routes hereafter to be established.\n\nThe Air Ministry have furnished us with estimates which, to my mind, have definitely knocked on the head all idea of mail or passenger service in this...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-453 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 479576, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-453 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [1-3]", "page_number": 553, "title": "CO129-453 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [1-3]", "content_text": "174 \n\n**DRAFT** \n\nString Yong \n\nThe Seven. \n\n**MINUTE** \n\nMr. B-16 \nMr. \nMr. \nMr. Grindle. \nSir H. Lambert. \nSir H. Read. \nSir G. Fiddes. \nCol. Amery. \nLord Milner. \n\n`Goo/27005/19` \nHong Kong \n\nI have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your despatch of \n2nd March, and to convey to you my approval of your proposal to devote a sum not exceeding $1,500,000 \nof the profits of the local shipping conference to creating additional housing for the British community of Hong Kong. \n\nI have...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-453 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 480984, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-456 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1919 [10-12]", "page_number": 221, "title": "CO129-456 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1919 [10-12]", "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nshould show definite reservations for the different communities with a view to determining the type of houses suitable to particular areas, stabilising values by preventing encroachment of a poorer class of property, concentration of and economy in water supply, drainage, lighting, scavenging, etc., suitable to the different classes of property, and the provision of modern sanitation with water supply from Government mains for all European dwellings. The plans should also show the areas divided up into building lots of dimensions suitable for individual enterprise, varying in size from 7,000 to 20,000 square feet.\n\nIt is thought this would be a more efficient way of meeting the housing problem than building flats—anyhow on the Kowloon Promontory, which will one day be among the most valuable sites in Hongkong. Housing accommodation is most urgently needed by those residents whose incomes vary from $400 to $700 monthly. For such incomes, there should be provided houses in which a family can be brought up, and the monthly rent of these houses should vary from $60 to $120. I see no chance, under present conditions, of building such houses on the Bowen or Wanchai Gap Roads. The Government would save considerably, not less in expense than in trouble, by loaning at a low rate of interest to reputable residents in order to admit of their building their own houses, as is done in other countries and as was wisely suggested to this Council by the Hon. Mr. H. W. Bird last year. So long as private persons can do better with contractors than the Government—and I believe most people will agree that under the present system they can—the Government and the public will both be best served by a system of loans for building purposes. The security would in every instance be a sound business proposition. Purchasers of all lots should be required to produce proof to the authorities of their intention to build to approved type within, say, two years of purchase. Overhead rail-less trams, to begin with, and bus or tram afterwards as required, could bring residents from any distance to and from the Ferry Wharf, thus efficiently and easily opening up the adjoining districts. It is by such methods that great cities of the Empire have been speedily built, and the time is coming for similar developments in this Colony.\n\nWe appreciate that Your Excellency has not yet had time to make a personal inspection of the various portions of the Kowloon Peninsula, and I, therefore, mention one or two matters for the favour, in due course, of Your Excellency's consideration, as affecting this and future budgets. Swampy areas such as that near Yaumati Station to be filled in from the spoil from Kowloon-tong and Farm Lot 6 near the adjoining hills. These works will prove profitable undertakings for the Government, not to mention the general health of the community. The Mortuary at Yaumati to be removed to some more remote site. The Chinese brothels at the junction of Gascoigne and Nathan Roads to be removed. The Chinese latrines on Nathan Road, the best road we have in the Colony, to be removed. Rearrangement of War Department land, and this applies as much in Hongkong as in Kowloon. I do not doubt that these and other urgent matters will be at once apparent to Your Excellency when visiting this district.\n\nIn the Harbour Department, we hope it is intended to re-open the Peak Signal Station, rightly closed down in consequence of the war, but which the shipping, as well as the general community, would now like to see restored to its former sphere of usefulness. We also hope that the Government will institute wireless position finders and/or diaphone, as used in European and American waters with most satisfactory results, at Cap D'Aguilar and Gap Rock. This matter, as affecting the China Coast, is to be brought before the Conference of Chambers of Commerce by the Hon. Mr. Dodwell, to be held in a few days at Shanghai, and we should like to see this Crown Colony lead the way in this important matter affecting the safety of the travelling public.\n\nAs regards the continued reduction of revenue from the Opium Monopoly, it is probably not known to one elector or politician in ten thousand, and it might interest some of them to learn that, in spite of the various exchequers having been deprived of the legal revenues from this trade, there is as much, and perhaps more, trade in opium, certainly more illegal trade, than ever before, and we read newspaper reports from reliable sources of whole districts in China under the cultivation of the poppy. Thus, the revenues which the Government formerly received so far as the import of opium is concerned have been multiplied ten and a hundred fold, to a vast community of smugglers, whose ramifications and organisation are little short of amazing.\n\nIn conclusion, while endorsing the congratulations of the hon. the senior unofficial member to Sir Henry May, the Hon. Mr. Severn, and their fellow workers, I would also tender to Your Excellency our congratulations on the lucid manner in which you laid this Budget before this Council after only a few days' residence among us, which augur well for the continued prosperity of this Colony, to which H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught once happily referred in Hongkong as one of the brightest jewels of the British Crown.\n\nIt is hoped that Barker Road Hospital has been made permanently available for maternity cases, as originally intended. So long as it has refused these cases, it has remained guilty of having obtained funds from the public under false pretences, since the Government has never denied that this was one of the main objects for this Hospital in the first instance.\n\nI entirely agree with the hon. member for the Justices that we would all like to see the Defence Corps disbanded, reorganised, and more in charge of men who have served their country with distinction at the Front. It would also be a move in the right direction if employers would insert a clause in agreements that young men coming out from Home to their service are expected to join the local Defence Corps.\n\nI would respectfully draw Your Excellency's attention to the present matted covering of Statue Wharf, which detracts from what would otherwise be the most handsome landing-place in the Colony. It may be, however, that this matter is in abeyance pending the decision with regard to a victory War Memorial in the Colony.\n\nI must especially endorse the Hon. Mr. Lau Chu Pak's remarks, particularly as regards the intended joining up of the Canton Railway with the Kowloon Line, and would add the completion of the Railway from Shuichow and Changsha. Sooner or later, the Canton Chinese officials must appreciate how much the present generation is losing by their failure to complete this work, which could be arranged to-morrow if approached in the proper spirit. Prosperity lies at the door of Kwangtung and Hunan for the asking.\n\nPage 107\n\nThe Government's Replies\n\nTHE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS—I will endeavour, as far as possible, to reply to the various points raised by the unofficial members with regard to Public Works. The hon. senior unofficial member referred to the fact that, in many cases, the estimates for the original cost, or the revised estimates for the total cost of the work, did not appear in this year's Budget. Hon. members must bear in mind that the work of the P.W.D. has been carried on under great difficulties during recent years. Works have been postponed. It has been impossible to increase the staff, and, indeed, members of the staff have been taken off and sent home for active service. Works have, in consequence, been allowed to accumulate, but now they are being brought forward and inserted in the estimates as rapidly as possible. It means, sir, that either the estimates for many of these works must be mere guesses, which is very inadvisable, or it means that they cannot appear in the estimates at all. Hon. members have urged the necessity of providing housing accommodation, and, in a number of cases, these works are concerned, either directly or indirectly, with the question of housing accommodation. Reference was made by the senior unofficial member to the items under Miscellaneous Drainage Works in connection with the mosquito nuisance. That is a matter which will doubtless be more easily dealt with by the Sanitary Department than by the Public Works Department. With regard to the question of housing, I would like to state that since 1914, 42 new quarters have been provided for subordinate officers, and 2 additional quarters have been obtained by purchase, whilst flats on Caine Road for married Police Officers...\n\nPage 202", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-456 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1919 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 481850, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919", "page_number": 582, "title": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919", "content_text": "Copy.\n\n(147194,)\n\nK. Brunch.\n\nAdmiralty.\n\n24.10.19.\n\nREC\n\nсо\n\n63330\n\nR: 5 NOV 19\n\n572\n\nDear Mr. Oberling.\n\nYou will remember that at the Conference on Wednesday I raised the question of an agreement to prevent arms shipping to China. We did not I think quite thresh out the matter and I should be very glad if we could receive as soon as possible an official intimation of the agreement indicating whether it is to be interpreted as including the sale of ships either armed or to all intents and purposes armed. (i.e., we need not, I suppose, go into the vexed question of torpedo tubes).\n\nYours Sincerely.\n\n(sd.)", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 482531, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-458 - Public Offices & Others - 1919", "page_number": 579, "title": "CO129-458 - Public Offices & Others - 1919", "content_text": "THE TIMES, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 1919.\n\nATTLE THIEVES.\n\nCO 65207\n\nREAD\n\n14 JOV 13\n\nIED\n\n1. ised\n\nand\n\nLeb\n\nBRITISH TRADE WITH CHINA.\n\nFEDERATION OF CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE.\n\n(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)\n\nSHANGHAI, Nov. 8. The first conference of the British Chambers of Commerce in China, which concluded here on this morning, is an event of unprecedented importance in the annals of British trade with China. No fewer than 15 chambers, besides Hong Kong, were represented by delegates from as far afield as Kharbin, Mukden, Chungking, and Canton. Sir John Jordan, the British Minister, came from Peking especially to meet the delegates, and at the opening and closing of the sessions contributed addresses which were inspired by his ripe experience of 43 years in China and which will be long remembered.\n\nThe most notable event was the formation of a central federation, with headquarters at Shanghai, of all the British Chambers of Commerce in China, which will meet annually and speak with a united voice for the whole British mercantile community on subjects affecting British and Chinese interests. The importance of this move is conspicuous; hitherto various British organizations existing in different parts of China, though doing much good work, acted independently, with the result that there were occasional divergences of opinion and weakening of counsels.\n\nAmong other resolutions may be specially noted a strong recommendation that the Boxer indemnity should be used to establish British educational institutions for the Chinese in China and travelling scholarships to enable Chinese to visit Great Britain.\n\nAs regards opium, the conference adopted a resolution expressing the opinion that the British Government should be urged to give immediate effect to the International Opium Convention of The Hague of 1912, without waiting for its ratification by other countries, especially with a view to checking the export of morphine and kindred products. Sir John Jordan believed that this export was far less than it was popularly supposed to be, and he declared that China had no ground of complaint against Great Britain. The British Minister added that the cultivation of opium was rife in nearly every province, and quoted the saying of the enlightened Governor, Yen Hai-shan of Shansi, that most of his revenue went to keeping out smuggled opium from Shansi.\n\nAmong resolutions of more purely local interest, one pressed for dollar coinage in place of sycee, another for adequate copyright and trade-mark protection; another called attention to the grave prevalence of piracy in South China, which is disorganizing trade.\n\nRegarding the conference as a whole, two features are conspicuous. First, the recognition of the need for cooperation, even at the sacrifice of individual interests, of all British merchants in the face of American and Japanese competition; secondly, the earnest desire to combine with and assist the Chinese in every possible way, this feeling being based on the obvious fact that foreign businessmen cannot benefit themselves without first benefiting China. It is evident that the Chinese in Shanghai are much impressed by the evidence of the vitality and progressiveness of British commerce which the conference affords.\n\nIncidentally, the meetings have given the British community an opportunity, of which they were quick to avail themselves, of testifying to the deserved affection and esteem in which the veteran British Minister is held by all, a feeling which is fully shared by the Chinese.\n\nPage 565\n\nCommunications on this subject should be addressed to-\n\nTHE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE,\n\nCOLONIAL OFFICE,\n\nLONDON, S.W.1.\n\nand the following number quoted :-\n\nSubject:\n\nReference to previous correspondence:\n\nLetter from the Colonial Office of the\n\nof\n\nTransmitted by direction of the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nA copy has also been sent to the-\n\nColonial Office, Downing Street,\n\nAdmiralty,\n\nForeign Office,\n\nBoard of Trade,\n\nBoard of Customs and Excise,\n\nBoard of Agriculture and Fisheries,\n\nWar Trade Department,\n\nWar Trade Intelligence Department,\n\nWar Office,\n\nMinistry of Munitions of War,\n\nCommission Internationale de Ravitaillement,\n\nMinistry of Food,\n\nMinistry of Shipping,\n\nRubber and Tin Exports Committee,\n\nPrisoners of War Department.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-458 - Public Offices & Others - 1919.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 484829, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-463 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [10-12]", "page_number": 207, "title": "CO129-463 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [10-12]", "content_text": "Council \n\ncriticise their methods. Representing as I do British interests, I contend we cannot fulfil our part, either in China or at home if we do not realise that we must provide sufficient funds to establish and maintain an educational link which will be inseparable from our home universities, so that we shall have a succession of British students returning, who will believe that the first engineering works in the world are British, that the finest products are British, and that the finest public schools are British. There is room for competition between us all and we must work, if I may say so, with friendly rivalry and in a spirit of co-operation. It was for this reason, Sir, we welcomed very particularly, as a beginning, the grant to Holy Trinity College, Canton, which we will vote and which is the beginning of such an outline of education as I have emphasised. I am quite certain that the burden is too great for either China or Hongkong and must be supported by Imperial grants. Subscriptions will be raised, but I am firmly convinced that the Imperial Government will also come to our assistance.\n\nYou, yourself, sir, have referred to the fact that the schools here are seriously understaffed and that so far it has been impossible to find suitable candidates to fill the vacancies. We should like to know whether it is not a fact that this is not entirely due to war conditions, but to the fact that the salary offered is not sufficiently conducive to attract suitable candidates. We impress upon you the necessity for filling these vacancies at the earliest moment.\n\nIn connection with the Police Department, we have noticed with interest the proposal to establish a training school in connection with the new gaol in the Kowloon Reclamation site. We should like to impress upon the Government the importance of training Police officers who can satisfactorily handle the traffic of this place, which is of growing importance. Anyone who has been to the North, in Peking or Shanghai, comparing the system of traffic control we have in force here with that which obtains even in Peking to-day, will recognise that the system which obtains here is yet in its infancy, and that we have much to learn.\n\nWe welcome the vote made under the heading of Government House extensions. I myself have previously referred to the condition of Government House in this Council, but owing to war conditions it was not possible then to ask for a vote. We are glad that it is possible now to bring Government House more into conformity with the dignity of the Colony. Personally speaking I would like to see added to your garage a suitable limousine for the conveyance of your guests in a manner worthy of the dignity of the Colony.\n\nI now come to the question of finance in regard to public works. I am well aware that the Colony is free of debt and that for years past great works have been carried on out of current revenue. But I do contend, and as you have learnt from the Senior Unofficial Member, we are agreed that necessary works have been held back in the past by this policy which, we contend, is not sound. I suggest for your consideration that large public works which are necessary to the growing development of this Colony—the best days of which, in my opinion, are yet to come—we must take large views of the future, in connection with dock developments on the other side of the harbour and the harbour developments which will possibly be recommended by the expert, Sir Maurice Fitzmaurice, whom we welcome amongst us to-day. These works should be carried out on the principle of debenture loans raised locally and redeemable in part year by year, and possibly by premium loans with which our Chinese friends are well acquainted. By such means development would take place more rapidly than it otherwise would.\n\nI have looked in vain for any reference in the estimates to the wireless station for Hongkong. This subject was also discussed at the conference at Shanghai. It has long been felt by the Chamber of Commerce here that the facilities we have in Hongkong are quite inadequate, compared with the facilities in Manila and Shanghai, and is only at our disposal through the courtesy of the Admiralty, for any commercial purpose. We have had to rely on occasions upon Manila for current prices of stocks and commodities wirelessed from the Pacific board via Honolulu, and we feel we cannot too strongly emphasise the importance of having a powerful wireless station in a Colony like this where shipping is the life-blood. We must have a wireless station which can pass on messages to reach London within a reasonable space of time. We hope, sir, you will make these representations to the Imperial Government in connection with the Imperial wireless scheme under consideration and urge prompt action.\n\nIn conclusion, I would like to refer to the impending retirement of the Director of Public Works, because this is the last occasion of a budget debate at which he will be with us.\n\nI do not feel competent myself to refer to the many years of loyal and distinguished service he has rendered to this Colony. Many of the magnificent buildings which must impress everyone who lands on these shores, and the roads, which are unequalled in any part of the world, are standing testimonials to him. In parting, we would wish him all the happiness and health in the retirement to which he is justly entitled. I also wish to thank the Colonial Secretary and the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, who are going on leave, for their invaluable services to the Colony. The Chamber of Commerce especially in its relations with the Colonial Secretary's Department has appreciated his untiring efforts, and zeal, often under trying conditions, and great courtesy. This Colony is grateful, and we wish to show it by a tribute to their services. We wish then a pleasant voyage and holiday at home.—(Applause.)\n\nHON. MR. PARR.\n\nThe Hon. Mr. E. V. D. PARR said:- Following the remarks of my unofficial colleagues, I think the most striking feature of the Budget is the proposed expenditure, exceeding the estimate for the current year by some $3,500,000 in spite of the expected decline of some $2,000,000 in the opium\n\nPage 265", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-463 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 488107, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]", "page_number": 460, "title": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]", "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nIt is due to a resolution passed by the Imperial Conference in 1911. An Act has been passed in England to provide for the mutual enforcement of maintenance orders in England and in the Colonies, and that Act contains a section that, if any particular Colony makes a reciprocal condition, His Majesty will apply the Act to that particular Colony. When this Ordinance is passed here, an Order in Council will follow applying the English Act to Hongkong, and it will be possible to enforce English maintenance orders here, and Hongkong orders in England. The Bill is mainly concerned with machinery, but it gives power to make a maintenance order against a person who is not resident here. It may be made in the absence of the defendant, but before it can be enforced in England—assuming that he lives there—the order has to be registered in England, and he has to be given the opportunity of showing cause against it. In the same way, if an order made in England against a person resident here, it can be enforced here only after notice to the defendant in this Colony.\n\nThe Objects and Reasons attached to the Bill state:\n\n1. The object of this Bill is to effect three improvements in the criminal procedure of the Supreme Court.\n\n2. Clause 2 effects two alterations in the law. In the first place, it gives the Full Court power to order a new trial upon a question of law being reserved by the trial judge. It is true that the Court of Criminal Appeal in England has no power to order a new trial, but the Judges have frequently expressed the opinion that that Court ought to have such a power. For instance, in R. v. Bloom, 4 Cr. App. R., at p. 35, the Lord Chief Justice (Lord Alverstone) said, \"In this case, we have a strong illustration of what we have had to observe many times, viz: the importance that this Court should have power to order a new trial. It is impossible for the Court properly to perform its duties without that power.\" And in R. v. Bloom, 7 Cr. App. R. at p. 8, Darling J., in delivering the judgment of the Court, which consisted of Lord Alverstone C.J. and Darling and Hamilton JJ., said, \"In this case, we desire to repeat and emphasise what the Lord Chief Justice has said on several occasions, that it appears to us, after some years' experience of the working of this Act, to be a matter of great regret that we have no power to order a new trial, as can be done on appeal in a civil case, on the grounds on which we feel bound to act to-day. In this Court, if a sufficient legal reason is advanced in the conclusion of a judge and jury, we have no alternative but to quash the conviction, and no further proceedings can be taken.\"\n\nThe Ordinance in question has also been amended so as to give power to increase the amount which may be awarded for maintenance. At present, the sum which may be awarded for maintenance must not exceed 20 dollars, and that seems a very small sum. It is proposed to delete that restriction and to give the magistrate discretion to fix any sum he thinks reasonable in the particular case.\n\n## Amendment of the Criminal Procedure Ordinances, 1899-1913\n\n**THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL** moved the first reading of a Bill intituled, \"An Ordinance to amend the law relating to criminal procedure in the Supreme Court.\"\n\n3. In the second place, Clause 2 provides that, even if the question reserved might be decided in favour of the accused, the Full Court may affirm the conviction if it considers that no substantial miscarriage of justice has actually occurred. This provision is taken from section 4(1) of the Criminal Appeal Act, 1907, 7 Edward 7, c. 23. The chief application of this provision in England occurs where the ground alleged is misdirection as to the law or wrongful admission or rejection of evidence. The rule adopted by the Court of Criminal Appeal with regard to evidence wrongfully admitted has been that it will not act upon the above proviso in any case in which it appears to it clear that the jury may have been influenced by the evidence wrongfully admitted: see R. v. Rodley (1913) 3 K.B. 468.\n\n4. Clause 3 proposes to abolish the necessity of calling upon the accused after a verdict of guilty has been returned by the jury. The only object of calling upon the accused in this way is to give him an opportunity of moving in arrest of judgment. Motions in arrest of judgment are seldom made, and they are very rarely successful. They are of necessity made upon technical grounds. If any such grounds are open to a defended prisoner, his counsel may be trusted to bring them forward at the proper time, and an undefended prisoner is extremely unlikely to discover any such grounds. The clause still leaves it open to the accused to move in arrest of judgment after verdict and before sentence.\n\nUnder the present rule of practice, by which the accused is called upon after verdict in cases of felony, the experience of those conversant with the Courts is that the accused either does not know what to say or else enters once more upon his general defence. This is mere waste of time and is sometimes distressing, especially in capital cases.\n\n**THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL** said: The Bill is intended to effect two main improvements in the criminal procedure of the Supreme Court. At present, if a point of law is reserved, after the conviction of a prisoner at the Sessions, and the Full Court is of opinion that the point raised is a good one, there is no option but to quash the conviction, however clear the rest of the evidence, and however clear the guilt of the prisoner may be. It is proposed now to give the Full Court power to confirm the conviction, even if the point raised is a good one, provided that the Full Court considers that no substantial miscarriage of justice has occurred.\n\nSometimes it is impossible for the Court to say whether the jury might or might not have been influenced by the evidence improperly admitted—assuming it to be a case of that kind—and the Bill therefore proposes to give the Full Court power, on the point reserved, to order a new trial.\n\nThe Court of Criminal Appeal has no power to order a new trial, but members of that Court have asked for that power and have gone so far as to say that it is impossible to perform their duties properly without it.\n\nThe Bill also proposes to abolish the necessity of calling upon the prisoner after conviction. At present, he is called upon to say whether he wishes to say anything why judgment should not be passed upon him. Very few prisoners understand that, even Europeans. It is intended to give the man the opportunity of moving in arrest of judgment, which is rather a less privilege to give the prisoner. Most prisoners say nothing or else try to re-open their case. It is often very distressing to juries who have just found a man guilty to hear him re-opening his case. I have never known a case where calling on the prisoner, after the verdict, has been of the slightest use. I beg to move the first reading.\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY** seconded, and the Bill was read a first time.\n\n## The Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Ordinance\n\n**THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL** moved the first reading of a Bill intituled, \"An Ordinance to repeal the Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Ordinance, 1919, and the Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Amendment Ordinance, 1920.\"\n\nThe \"Objects and Reasons\" attached to the Bill state: It is recognised that the licence system introduced by the Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Ordinance, 1919, is of no practical use in Hongkong, which, as regards the metal industry, is a transhipping centre and not a producing country.\n\n**THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL** said: The principal Ordinance was introduced shortly after the termination of the war, shortly after the Armistice, as part of a general measure to prevent former enemies from obtaining control of essential materials. The Government, sir, were not very enthusiastic about the introduction of the measure at the time, but introduced it in deference to public opinion. It has been tried and it is now generally realised that it is not really of any use in Hongkong, which is not a metal-producing country but a trans-shipping centre.\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY** seconded, and the Bill was read a first time.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 489203, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921", "page_number": 351, "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921", "content_text": "# \n349\n\n1. In any further communication on this subject, please quote and address `336/336/10`, not to any person by name, but to \"The Under-Secretary of State,\" London, S.W. 1.\n\n## \nSir,\n\n106022\n\n**FOREIGN OFFICE.**\nS.W.1.\nFebruary, 1921.\n\n**Fee 4 MAR. 21** I am directed by Earl Curzon of Kedleston to transmit to you herewith printed copy of a despatch from His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires at Peking forwarding the text of the Resolutions passed by the Conference of the Associated British Chambers of Commerce in China and Hongkong, held at Shanghai from November 3rd to 6th, 1920.\n\n2. I am to invite attention particularly to the terms of the following Resolutions,-Nos.8, 12 and 18.\n\n3. Copies of the enclosures herein are being forwarded also to the Director of Naval Intelligence, Director of Military Intelligence, India Office, Home Office, Treasury, Ministry of Shipping, General Post Office, and His Majesty's Office of Works.\n\nThe Under-Secretary of State,\nColonial Office.\n\nI am,\nSir,\nYour most obedient,\nhumble Servant,\n1. **Wehberley**.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 489206, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921", "page_number": 354, "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921", "content_text": "# Resolutions of the Associated British Chambers of Commerce in China and Hong Kong\n\n## XII. Opium and Morphia\n\nThat this conference welcomes the intention of His Majesty's Government, as evidenced by the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1920, to control the traffic in opium and its derivatives, but fears that these efforts will to a great extent be nullified unless the Chinese Government and the foreign Powers are prepared to co-operate effectively in preventing the cultivation, import, or sale of these drugs in any part of the country.\n\n## XIII. Crown Leases\n\nThat this conference deplores the prolonged delay in arriving at a satisfactory decision regarding the extension of Crown leases in the British concessions at Canton, Hankow, and Tien-tsin, which is seriously affecting British trade interests, and urges His Majesty's Government to effect an early settlement of this important question; and, further, that the terms of this resolution be communicated by cable to His Majesty's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.\n\n## XIV. The Famine\n\nThat this conference expresses its deep sympathy with the Chinese people in the sufferings occasioned by the famine now afflicting so large an area of North China.\n\n## XV. Support of British Educational and Medical Mission Work in China\n\nThat, in view of the importance from a national standpoint of ensuring the adequate maintenance and development of British educational and medical work in China, this conference urges upon British merchants the necessity for unified effort to that end. As a means of supplying the above principle, the conference recommends the adoption of the following proposals:\n\n1. That the Associated Chambers shall entrust to a central committee the work of formulating proposals for the support of British educational institutions and hospitals in China, and of allocating such funds as may be contributed for the purpose.\n2. That, prior to the issue of an appeal to members of the Associated Chambers for contributions towards the above objects, the said committee shall submit a statement showing the accounts which it considers to be urgently needed under each head, together with proposals as to the basis on which contributions placed at its disposal should be apportioned.\n3. That a central fund be opened at Shanghai, into which funds to be placed at the disposal of the above committee shall be paid.\n4. That, in view of the impossibility of dealing in an adequate manner with every phase of educational and medical work in China, the committee's efforts shall be concentrated on the following lines:\n - (a) The support of British schools giving a high-class secondary education to Chinese students.\n - (b) Assistance to British medical missions in their present financial difficulties, due to unfavourable exchange rates and other causes, which threaten to interfere seriously with their philanthropic work in China.\n5. That a certain proportion of the funds contributed be set aside as a reserve fund from which contributions may be made for such charitable purposes, other than educational or medical work, as may seem to have a specially strong claim to the sympathy and assistance of British merchants in China.\n\n## XVI. Railways in China\n\nThat, in view of the inability of the principal railways of China to handle satisfactorily the volume of cargo awaiting transport, which inability is due in part to faults in organisation, and in part to lack of material, this association desires to support the efforts of the railway authorities to:\n1. Improve their organisation in respect of prevention of fraud, more regular running of trains, and direct handling of cargo without recourse to transportation companies; and\n2. Obtain sanction for the expenditure necessary for the purchase of additional rolling-stock, the building of more goods sheds, and the double-tracking of certain sections of the lines.\n\n## XVII. Railway Standardisation\n\nThat, in view of the vast potentialities of railway development in China, and with special reference to the efforts now being made by the Chinese Government, with the assistance of an international advisory committee, to standardise the national railway system, this conference regards it as a matter of primary importance that British engineering and technical skill, as applied to railway construction and equipment, should be adequately represented in this country, and commends this view to the careful consideration of manufacturers in the United Kingdom.\n\n## XVIII. Mail Service\n\nThat, whilst gladly recognising that there has recently been some improvement in the mail service between China and the United Kingdom, the conference desires to call attention to the fact that it is still subject to frequent delays and is deplorably irregular, and urges the responsible authorities to make every effort to put the service on a satisfactory basis.\n\n## XIX. The Consortium\n\nThat this conference welcomes the formation of the new consortium, and especially the proposal to invite Chinese financial co-operation in its workings, which, it believes, will meet the criticism that the new consortium only represents foreign financial interests. That this conference believes that, while China's financial re-establishment lies in her own hands, and cannot be entirely effected from without, the new consortium should be of the greatest service to the Chinese people and foreign trade.\n\n## XX. Definition of the term \"Shipment\"\n\nThis conference is of opinion that, in view of the utmost importance attaching to \"shipment,\" every effort should be made to obtain unanimity of opinion on this point, not only amongst chambers of commerce throughout the East, but also, if possible, in all countries.\n\nWith this object in view, this conference recommends that a special committee be appointed by the Associated British Chambers of Commerce in China and Hong Kong, consisting of one representative of each of the shipping, banking, and merchant interests (with power to add to their number) to enquire into and make recommendations to this association on all questions relating to the term \"shipment,\" also responsibilities of shipowners in connection with bills of lading.\n\n## XXI. The Famine and Surtaxes\n\nThis Association of British Chambers of Commerce in China and Hong Kong agrees to the proposed 10 per cent. surtax on customs import dues for famine relief for a definitely limited period of twelve months, provided that the distribution of the funds as raised be made subject to adequate foreign supervision and publication of detailed accounts, and protests in principle against the recent imposition of numerous surtaxes now being levied, which have been imposed without adequate notice being given or time stated.\n\n## XXII. The term \"Shipment\"\n\nThat Messrs. Scott, Arnhold, Beytagh, and a representative of the Canadian Pacific Ocean Services (Limited), together with the secretary of the Shanghai British Chamber of Commerce, be appointed to act as a committee immediately to enquire into and endeavour to arrive at an equitable and early settlement of the difficulties that have lately arisen in connection with the financing of bills of exchange due to the non-acceptance by foreign banks of bills of lading bearing certain clauses regarding shipment; that this committee have power to add to their number and of substitution; and that, in view of the extreme importance attaching to an early settlement, the ...\n\nPage 352", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 489215, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921", "page_number": 363, "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921", "content_text": "# This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL.**\n\nF 330/330/10\n\n[January 28.]\n\n## SECTION 1.\n\nNo. 1.\n\nMr. Clive to Earl Curzon.-(Received January 28, 1921.)\n\n(No. 763.)\n\nPeking, November 27, 1920.\n\nMy Lord,\n\nWITH reference to your Lordship's despatch No. 425 of the 12th August last, I have the honour to transmit herewith a copy of further correspondence with the Wai-chiao Fu respecting opium cultivation in the province of Fukien.\n\nAs your Lordship will observe, the attitude of the Chinese authorities towards the question gives every cause for dissatisfaction. Not only Fukien but very many other provinces of China are drifting rapidly back to the state of things existing before the opium treaties, and the amount of opium now grown - more or less openly - in China is so great as to make the attempt to kill the abuse by preventing importation from abroad little more than a farce. One result of this lamentable condition is that Chinese-grown opium is constantly smuggled from place to place within the country, and it is a cause of bitter complaint by British owners of Yang-taze steamers that their ships are frequently stopped and penalised by the customs authorities because smuggled opium has been found on board, having been stowed away by members of the native crew - helped by accomplices on shore - without the knowledge of the ship's officers or any of the Europeans concerned. The difficulty of detecting the hidden opium during the voyage is, of course, very great when the crew are banded together, and resolute action against smuggling by the ship's officers has, in at least one recent case, resulted in the murder of the zealous officer.\n\nThe shipping companies point out that it is intolerable that they and their employees should be made responsible for checking a traffic which exists owing to the indifference, connivance or even participation of the Chinese authorities, and the idea is freely canvassed, especially by officials of the Chinese Maritime Customs and shipping companies in the Yang-taze, that the only ultimate solution consists in legalising the opium trade in China under a system of Government control. The views of the latter are contained in the enclosed memorandum by the agent of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire.\n\nI discussed the question with the Commissioner of Customs at Shanghai when I was there for the conference of British Chambers of Commerce, and on my return to Peking with the acting Inspector-General. Both were most seriously concerned at the existing state of affairs, and in the present disordered state of China could see no satisfactory solution other than legalisation in some form of opium. Mr. Bowra has sent me privately some notes on the subject which he has prepared, and which I have the honour to enclose.\n\nThe question was also discussed at the recent conference of British Chambers of Commerce at Shanghai, when forcible attention was drawn to the position outlined above.\n\nFinally, I have the honour to enclose copy of a despatch from His Majesty's consul at Ichang, who reluctantly comes to the same conclusion as the Customs authorities and the steamship agents. Mr. Smith draws attention to another side of the question, viz., the growing tendency of Chinese to associate themselves with the less reputable element among the foreign business community in order to obtain the protection of a foreign flag under which to conduct this nefarious traffic.\n\nWhile I must not be understood to be endorsing the solution advocated, I think it only right that His Majesty's Government should realise how extremely serious the present position is which, far from showing any signs of improvement, is gradually drifting from bad to worse.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nR. H. CLIVE", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 489357, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921", "page_number": 505, "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921", "content_text": "502 \n\n32 \n\n22424 \n\non entertaining railway officials passing through Tsinan. It is only fair, however, to state that the present chief inspector of the Hanchuang Tsinan section, who is also assistant traffic manager for the whole line, is making an honest attempt to suppress bribery, and has dismissed several officials for this offence.\n\nIt is important to note that the obstacles to trade which I have endeavoured to describe in this report have been discovered by importers, namely, the large firms who spread an intensive organisation over the interior of China with a view to laying down their specialised products at the lowest possible price. The exporter must suffer equally severely from these obstacles, but he probably suffers in ignorance. The importer goes himself into the interior, and by means of his foreign brains, foreign enterprise and capacity for organisation, is able to a large extent to overcome these obstacles. The exporter with few exceptions remains in the treaty port and leaves the whole business of bringing cargo down from the interior to his compradore and Chinese staff. His own organising ability is not brought into play at all. But if the importer cannot sell his goods at a profit without going himself into the interior to grapple with difficulties of transport it would seem to follow that the exporter cannot buy his produce at a profit unless he does the same. It is a matter which needs careful consideration and it probably cannot be done without setting up an organisation on a very large scale, but I would suggest that the time has now come in China when the exporter should go up country after his cargo and no longer wait in the treaty port for his compradore to bring it down to him.\n\nThe faulty management of the Tien-tsin-Pukow Railway results in much traffic which might go along the railway being diverted to other channels. A vast amount of produce from the Yellow River districts, which should be transported by rail to Tien-tsin, is now brought overland from Lokow to Tsinan and shipped by the Japanese railway to Tsingtao for export, or else finds its way to the north by devious water routes. When one hears of cargo waiting at a wayside station for two months for cars it is certain that the produce of that district does not find its way to market by rail, and also that the district does not produce all that it might produce, both in kind and quantity, if the railway properly performed its full economic functions. This is a point on which the utmost emphasis should be laid. This report perforce deals with the question from the point of view of the foreign trader, but for every dollar which the foreigner loses through inefficient management of the Tien-tsin-Pukow Railway the Chinese themselves probably lose a thousand. There is no doubt that one of the main contributing causes of the disastrous famine now devastating North China is the lack of adequate transportation.\n\nI have made no mention of military interference with railways nor of the vast and burning question of taxation. I have confined myself solely to matters in respect to which it is within the power of the railway authorities to effect the necessary reforms of their own volition. Foreign-owned railways on Chinese soil succeed in avoiding most of the abuses here complained of, but I do not for a moment suggest that lines such as the Tien-tsin-Pukow Railway should be placed under foreign control. That is no real solution of the problem. These railways run through Chinese territory and are for the benefit primarily of the Chinese people. The Chinese undoubtedly have sufficient ability to manage such undertakings efficiently, and there can be no reasonable doubt that in time they will succeed in doing so. The only permanent solution of this, as of other administrative problems in this country, is to assist the Chinese by expert advice and by friendly constructive criticism to set their house in order in the hope that China will gradually attain a standard of honesty and efficiency comparable with that of the nations thronging within her gates.\n\n## RAILWAY STANDARDISATION\n\nIn connection with the railway question, attention is called to the following resolution, which was passed unanimously:\n\nThat in view of the vast potentialities of railway development in China, and with special reference to the efforts now being made by the Chinese Government, with the assistance of an international advisory committee, to standardise the national railway system this conference regards it as a matter of primary importance that British engineering and technical skill, as applied to railway construction and equipment, should be adequately represented in this country, and commends this view to the careful consideration of manufacturers in the United Kingdom.\n\n## AIDS TO NAVIGATION\n\n### Wireless at Hong Kong\n\nIt was unanimously agreed:\n\n\"That in view of the fact that the Hong Kong Government has approved the use of diaphones and wireless position finders as used in European, American and Canadian waters, and intends shortly to install these at the approaches to Hong Kong Harbour, this Conference is of opinion that China, through the Maritime Customs, should similarly install such aids to navigation on the China coast.\n\nFurther, that weather signals and cable communications should also be considered in connection with the wireless position finders, more especially in view of the recent frequent stoppages of the Swatow-Hong Kong Shanghai Telegraph services, and that a sufficiently powerful wireless installation should be established at Swatow in conjunction with one at Hong Kong at the earliest possible moment to provide telegraphic and wireless communication with Hong Kong and other places which is at present inadequate.”\n\nIn moving this resolution Mr. Holyoak, on behalf of the Hong Kong Chamber, said:\n\n\"The main part of the resolution is a continuance of the resolution which was passed last year at the conference under the same heading. And immediately after the return to Hong Kong of the delegates the matter was taken up with the Hong Kong Government, and through them with the Home Government for the establishment in Hong Kong of diaphones and wireless position finders, and only a very few weeks ago permission was received to establish them in Hong Kong. We are now pressing for the full connection to be made with the Chinese coast in order that the greatest benefits to all may be obtained from these two most important things. It is unnecessary for me to dilate upon the necessity for every protection to shipping which can possibly be afforded in these waters, upon the immense amount of shipping which traverses them during the course of the year, nor upon the importance of the trade which is carried, nor upon the fact that the coast for several months in the year is about the most fog-bound coast in the world. These things are so well known to most of us as shipping men and merchants that it is quite unnecessary for me to argue at any length upon the importance of representing to the Chinese Government through the Maritime Customs the desirability of completing the chain which will be established by the installation of wireless in Hong Kong.\n\n\"The resolution falls under four headings: (1) the establishment of diaphones and wireless position finders in Chinese waters; (2) increased weather signals and communications along the coast: (3) establishment of increased cable service or a powerful wireless station at Swatow, and (4) the establishment of a wireless telegraph station of sufficient power at Hong Kong.\n\n\"I have raised the latter question because I understand there will be present in this room this morning one whom we all regard as an expert on this subject, and that with the permission of the Admiral, he will be allowed to speak upon it. The necessity for a wireless telegraph station at Swatow has been so amply demonstrated that I need not argue that point. Swatow has been cut off repeatedly for as long as four days, and even longer, from communicating with Shanghai and Hong Kong by telegraph. Therefore the matter of laying a submarine cable connecting Swatow or establishing a wireless station needs no further urging on my part.\n\n\"Upon the fourth part of the resolution, dealing with the establishment of a powerful station in Hong Kong, I have to point out that for the whole duration of the war it was increasingly forced upon us - all of us having to do with commerce - that communication is hopelessly insufficient with Europe or the United States of America. I know the war placed the matter in abeyance, but the war has been over for a long time, and even now communication with London and the United States takes as much as forty-eight hours and sometimes longer than that. It is a matter for experts to tell us whether it is practicable to establish so powerful a wireless...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 489363, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921", "page_number": 511, "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921", "content_text": "# TARIFF REVISION AND COAST TRADE DUTIES\n\n## The Case for Abolition of Inter-Port Taxes\n\nIt was unanimously agreed :-\n\nThat this Conference desires to express the view that the additional revenue accruing from any revision of the existing import duties should be held in trust until such time as the Chinese Government shall have shown itself capable of maintaining order and protecting trade interests throughout the country.\n\nAt the same time it desires to express the opinion that when the time for such revision shall arise, advantage should be taken of the opportunity so presented to press for the reorganisation of the whole system of taxation of trade in China on the lines suggested in the Association's letter of the 21st April, 1920, and that as a preliminary and practical step in this direction the Chinese Government be pressed to abolish forthwith the taxation now levied by the Chinese Maritime Customs on all goods carried from one port to another in China.\n\nIn moving this resolution on behalf of Shanghai, Mr. Sheppard (Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd.), said :-\n\nMr. Chairman and Gentlemen, it falls to my lot to propose this resolution, and I approach it, being a somewhat complicated subject, with extreme diffidence, but I have encouragement from the remarks made by Mr. Clive in his speech yesterday that he regards currency reform and the abolition of internal taxation as the chief items of importance for the future of China. The resolution as it stands is the outcome of two motions put forward by prominent business houses of Shanghai, which, in order not unduly to encroach upon the time of the members of this conference, has been merged into one. I will take them in their order :-\n\nThat this conference desires to express the view that any revision of the existing import duties on a higher scale should not be brought into effect until such time as the Chinese Government shall have shown itself capable of maintaining order and protecting trade interests throughout the country.\n\nI understand, and in fact it is so stated in the printed memorandum of correspondence pertaining to last year, that we are pledged to the revision of existing duties two years after the ratification of peace. I have little doubt that the peace intended was the European peace, but what we are after is peace in China. It is generally conceded by the mercantile community that it is unreasonable that we should be called upon to pay higher duties on goods, while the main avenues of trade are occupied by uncontrolled military forces who levy and loot the goods to their heart's content.\n\nThe second part of the resolution which refers to the letter of the 21st April, requires perhaps a little explanation. At last year's conference it was decided to press for the carrying out of the Mackay Treaty. Subsequent investigations and discussions brought forth a very strong opinion that it would be better to abandon the Mackay Treaty and strive for thorough reform in China.\n\nThat view found support from Peking, and from indications that the Chinese Government had given that they were not unwilling to consider such matters, the letter of the 21st April was written. In it, it was stated that the Chinese Government would be well advised to dispense with not only likin, but octroi as well. It was on further elucidation of the subject that it was recommended that this must include coast trade duty also. In the mind of the average person in China coast trade duties are held to mean the duties now levied between ports in China: but what is the experience of the cotton industry of this city, which for some years has been agitating and pointing out the disadvantage to China itself in levying the duty on Chinese raw materials sent here to be manufactured into goods, which are circulated again in their own country? When they at last got coast trade duty removed on raw cotton only the half duty had been taken off. I therefore think it would be well to supplement our letter of the 21st April by a clear explanation that what was meant by the letter was the removal of the total duty levied on goods between ports.\n\nThe third part of the resolution is—\n\nThat as a preliminary and practical step in this direction the Chinese Government be pressed to abolish forthwith the taxation now levied by the Chinese Maritime Customs on all goods carried from one port to another in China.\n\nIt has always struck me and many others that while we have year after year clamoured and fought for the abolition of li-kin a great institution like the Maritime Customs is in effect collecting the very same duty. Now, that duty which is collected between treaty ports was introduced in the days of the Manchus to protect li-kin levies in the country. When ships carried goods from one port to another the treaty tariff duty and a half was instituted as an equivalent for what would have had to be paid in li-kin. As trade has extended throughout the country by the opening up of new ports, probably the largest li-kin collectorate in China to-day is the Chinese Maritime Customs! I say that with a due sense of the words I am using and with a due recognition of what it means that that great organisation, whose honesty and efficiency and good work in close association with foreign trade in the past are well known, does take part in this collection. And I think the good work of the Customs should not be allowed to overshadow the fact that that organisation, at the instigation of the Chinese Government, is stopping and collecting duties on goods in transit within the Chinese Republic itself. I do not refer to goods going abroad—that is a matter which the Chinese decide for themselves, but I refer to the internal transit of goods in the country itself which are never intended to go outside.\n\nSome will say that these things are true, but is it not largely a matter which affects shipping, and we exporters and importers are not guardians of their concerns. That is a mistaken view. Take the case of the importer. He brings the goods to a port of foreign entry. He pays duty and has to obtain a pass proving that he has paid duty on those goods, and if he has to move them from one port to another he has to produce that pass and prove to the satisfaction of the customs that those goods are not liable to domestic taxation—that is the duty and a half levied between ports. That requires considerable staff in the custom house and in your office and considerable recording. It also involves examination of goods, bringing them to the custom house, having them opened, all in order that the Chinese, who are largely concerned, shall not utilise this protection to escape the levy of coast trade dues.\n\nWhen you get to Hankow or Ichang, you are again subject to more applications put into the custom house, more examinations, more staff employed by your office and the custom house to record it all. Beyond Hankow and as you go into Szechuan get the same thing again. Take exports, and as an example somebody doing business in exports which emanate from the vicinity of Tsinanfu. That exporter has the option of bringing his goods down by various routes, by railway to Pukow, and there put them on a steamer for Shanghai, or convey them across the river and carry them by rail to Shanghai. Or he can take them from Tsinanfu to Tsingtao. If he brings them down the railway he runs through the li-kin stations. At Pukow he has to pay export duty and at Shanghai he has to pay half-duty on the same goods to the Chinese Maritime Customs. If he buys those goods from Chinese dealers to export them he has to keep a record of that cargo, and in order to obtain a refund of that half-duty, he has to prove that the goods which arrive in the way they did were the goods which he was exporting; then he can obtain his refund. All that organisation, work and staff engaged in that work are the outcome of having these coast trade duties.\n\nHow does all this affect shipping? Why is it that shipping lies here from daylight till 2 or 3 o'clock in the afternoon doing nothing? They are waiting for this mass of export permits to come out of the custom house in order that goods may be shipped. Documents of all sorts have to be made up to enable the ships to leave, even if they are trading up the Yang-tsze and remaining within Chinese jurisdiction.\n\nTake again the so-called opening of inland waters concession. When that was obtained we were told by Lord Curzon, in a statement made in the House of Commons, that British goods could be carried in British ships to every riverside and coast town in China. Why was this a complete failure? The customs administration...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 489915, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921", "page_number": 406, "title": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921", "content_text": "# [This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n**OPTUM.**\n\n405\n\n[September 8.]\n\n## SECTION 2.\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL.**\n\n`[F 3366/330/10]`\n\n**(No. 413.)**\n\nNo. 1.\n\n**Sir B. Alston to the Marquess Curzon of Kedleston.**\n\nHIS Majesty's Minister, Peking, presents his compliments to His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and transmits herewith a copy of correspondence with Shanghai respecting opium traffic on British ships.\n\nPeking, July 21, 1921.\n\n### Enclosure in No. 1.\n\n**(No. 164.) Sir,**\n\n**Sir B. Alston to Consul-General Sir E. Fraser (Shanghai).**\n\nPeking, June 25, 1921. WITH reference to my despatch No. 46 of the 6th February last. I transmit to you herewith a copy of a despatch from His Majesty's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs respecting the resolution on the subject of the opium traffic passed at the conference of the British Chamber of Commerce last year, and I request that you will address a communication to the chairman of the Shanghai Chamber in the sense desired by Lord Curzon.\n\nWith regard to the concluding portion of the Foreign Office despatch, I am disposed to think that, in view of the situation which has developed since the date of the Foreign Office despatch, and which was set forth in my despatch to the Secretary of State of the 9th June (a copy of which was forwarded to you in Chinese No. 151 of the 10th June), the making of official representations to the Chinese Government in the sense suggested may with advantage be delayed until it is seen whether the accommodating attitude adopted by the Customs authorities at Hankow becomes of general application at Yang-tze ports in such a way as to provide a reasonable modus vivendi acceptable, for the time being, to the British shipping interests concerned. I shall, however, be glad to receive an expression of your views on this aspect of the question.\n\nI am, &c.\n\nB. ALSTON.\n\n### Enclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\n**Consul-General Sir E. Fraser to Sir B. Alston (Peking).**\n\n**(No. 179.) Sir,**\n\nShanghai, July 8, 1921. I HAVE the honour to enclose herewith a copy of the letter that I have addressed to the chairman of the British Chamber of Commerce in accordance with the instructions contained in your despatch No. 164 of the 25th ultimo on the subject of the penalties imposed on British shipowners in connection with the traffic in opium.\n\nI saw Mr. Lowder, the Commissioner of Customs here, recently and asked him what his attitude was towards the question of imposing fines on the owners of British ships on which opium is found. He informed me that he appreciated the difficulty of making masters of ships with Chinese crews responsible, and that he did not intend to impose penalties. I gathered, indeed, that he had influenced the attitude of the Hankow Commissioner.\n\nIn the circumstances, I have the honour to state that I agree with the suggestion contained in the second paragraph of your despatch under reference, that the making of official representations to the Chinese Government in the sense suggested by the Foreign Office might with advantage be delayed.\n\n(Copy to Hankow.)\n\nI have, &c.\n\nE. H. FRASER\n\nApril 8, Section 4.\n\n`[6896 h-2]`", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 490139, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921", "page_number": 630, "title": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921", "content_text": "629 \n\n16 \n\nthe inability of the Central Government, depending as it does for its existence upon a careful compromise with contending military forces, to compel the latter to observe its commands. In many cases the provincial authorities are in an equally powerless position. Not only are there hostile forces within their nominal jurisdiction, but the pay of troops is so much in arrears that mutinies and the desertion of armed bands present a constant menace to authority and safety unless funds are forthcoming from some source to meet the military obligations of the provincial Governors. The remedy, with growing frequency, is that of cultivating opium to increase the revenue. Even where no political need exists, the long-established Chinese tradition of regarding public office as a means to the acquisition of personal fortune suffices to induce officials, often free from central control, to connive at and participate in the present widespread growth of the poppy. It is argued by the Anti-Opium Association that the large quantity of opium still reaching China from abroad is instrumental in causing this indifferent official attitude; it seems far more probable that the recrudescence of cultivation is attributable to the fact that the prohibition of Indian opium has given Chinese opium a monopoly value.\n\n87. The main opium problem, therefore, so far as British interests are concerned, centres now upon the growth of opium in China, more especially in the provinces of Kweichow, Yunnan, and Szechuan. British interests are affected in four ways:-\n\n88. (1.) The illicit transportation of the drug from these provinces to those in which greater scarcity lends it an enhanced value, is most easily accomplished by the native crews of ships upon the Yang-tsze and West rivers, and the majority of these ships are British-owned. Hardly a boat passes down the Yang-tsze without conveying its quota of the forbidden drug.\n\n89. (2.) The onus of preventing this smuggling falls on the Customs service, so largely officered by British subjects, and the service is becoming demoralised under the increasing burden of the task.\n\n90. (3.) In many cases native agents of British firms are indulging in this forbidden trade under the protection of the British flag. The danger also exists that actual British subjects may become involved.\n\n91. (4.) A perpetual source of friction is created with regard to the execution of the treaties. This is exemplified by the case of a British ship which was searched for opium by the Chinese authorities at Liuchou, on the ground that no British consulate existed nearer than Canton to conduct the search.\n\n92. With regard to (1), under the annual guarantee (given by the British shipping companies to the Customs) every ship must be searched by the ship's officers for opium at least once on every voyage. Search is, however, becoming dangerous owing to the determination of the crew to avoid its detection. Not only have cases occurred of European officers receiving personal injury, but of the ship's machinery being tampered with to occupy their full attention. While these officers are thus held responsible for, they are powerless to prevent, the smuggling of a crew which, owing to the rapidity of fortunes made, can contemplate dismissal with equanimity. Dismissal is in fact useless, for the new crew will inevitably continue the old practices. On the other hand, the punishment inflicted on the smuggler by the Chinese officials is entirely ineffective. It invariably takes the form of a fine which merely constitutes the running expenses of a highly profitable trade. Under these conditions, so long as opium is cultivated in large quantities in China, it is impossible for shipping companies to prevent their vessels being used for its transportation. Yet cases occur in which ships with opium on board have their extra-treaty privileges suspended and renewed only on the payment of what constitutes a fine. These quasi-fines imposed by the Chinese customs service are far too small to serve any other use than that of maintaining appearances. For example, the \"Loongmow,\" on which 13 tons of opium were found, paid 600 dollars; while for the return of a smaller quantity seized from a passenger by the chief officer, the former offered 5,000 dollars. Apart from the infliction of these fines and the destruction of opium discovered, the only preventive action remaining to the customs official is that of arresting men caught with contraband amongst the crew. As all members are invariably working in combination, the practical results of such arrests are abortive. The crew merely becomes shorthanded and the company is again unfairly penalised. It is plain that under present conditions British shipping companies are being held responsible for conditions which are entirely beyond their control.\n\n17 \n\n93. The Chinese Customs service is placed in an equally unenviable position. Unorganised for what is really police work on a large scale, it is called upon, with a small staff urgently required for other purposes, to control and suppress a traffic which is deliberately fostered by the de facto Governments in the provinces. In many cases its officers are subjected to the demoralising effect of receiving seizure rewards far in excess of their pay. In consequence, work other than that of detecting opium becomes scamped and neglected. The remedy, however, is not easily supplied, for if seizure rewards be withdrawn, there would be a grave temptation for men who have grown to regard them as annual income to replace rewards by the smuggler's bribe. It must, furthermore, be apparent to the official who owes half his emoluments to the activities of the smuggler, that the latter's complete extermination is opposed to his interests. But, however zealous the customs official may be in the execution of his duty, the fact that he is not empowered to inflict an adequate punishment upon the detected smuggler reduces his zeal to impotency. In fact, it is arguable that he is actually defeating his own end, for by destroying a portion only of opium, he is lending a monopoly value to the remaining opium so great as to attract more opium traders than would otherwise have been the case. Placed in such an entirely false and farcical position, it is more than probable that the traditional high standard of efficiency of the Customs service will be affected.\n\n94. To this serious condition, as was pointed out at the conference of British Chambers of Commerce in China, there appear only two possible solutions; either to inflict far heavier punishment for opium cultivation in China, or to legalise opium under a system of licences.\n\n95. With regard to the former method, it may be mentioned that inducements to produce opium, and facilities for concealing its production, are less than in the case of counterfeit coin. As fear of execution is sufficient, despite the present disturbed condition of the country, to make the latter comparatively rare, it may be concluded that a similar punishment applied to opium cultivators would exercise a tangible influence on their reduction. The present system of exacting fines, on the other hand, while in no way acting as a preventive to the opium cultivator, accustoms the local official to regard him as an indispensable source of revenue.\n\n96. The practical advantages which might accrue from legalising opium are two: (a) there would arise a class of honest merchants who, having interests opposed to those of the smuggler, could be relied upon to co-operate with and assist the maritime customs official; and (b) the fortunes at present acquired by the smuggler would be converted into revenue for the Central Government. It has been suggested that licences should be issued to producers, transporters, and the consumers of opium, the latter being gradually reduced with a view to the eventual eradication of opium. It is certain, however, that actual legalisation of production and consumption would meet with very severe resistance from sections of both British and Chinese public opinion, a resistance which the smuggler would find it in his interests to intensify.\n\n97. Even without legalisation, it has been found possible to ease conditions upon the Yang-tsze by securing a private assurance from the inspector-general of customs that, as a temporary expedient to meet the urgent needs of this period of administrative disorganisation and financial chaos, instructions shall be issued to cease penalising shipping companies for the smuggling of their crews. This position must be safeguarded by formally notifying the Chinese Government that we must, under present circumstances, decline absolutely to recognise its rights to penalise in any way British ships on which opium is discovered, except under the order of a British court. It is apparent, however, that this does not offer even a partial remedy for the demoralisation of the customs service, for which nothing less than the removal of restrictions against the transport of opium upon the Yang-tsze and West rivers could suffice. The latter course has the serious disadvantage that it would create British vested interests in opium transportation which, at a later date, when the country is less disturbed, might serve as a serious obstacle in our anti-opium policy.\n\n98. Although British interests are not directly affected by the supply of opium and other drugs reaching China from abroad, its rapid increase deserves attention. No section of China's gigantic frontier is free from the opium smuggler. Southern Siberia and Northern Manchuria are important sources of opium, and the railway is a quick and easy way of getting it to the most profitable markets in the republic. The export of Indian opium to Japan has doubled in the last five years, and no doubt exists that Shantung and Manchuria are used as a dumping ground for this increased supply. Hong Kong and Macao also import far more than is locally consumed, and present insurmountable difficulties to the customs service in the way of controlling small launches, as no seizures can be made in British or Portuguese waters. Indo-China has quadrupled its import of Indian opium in the last five years, doubtless...\n\nPage 630\nPage 631", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 490634, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-472 - Others - 1921", "page_number": 327, "title": "CO129-472 - Others - 1921", "content_text": "# The first Labour Conference held under the auspices of the League of Nations\n\nThe first Labour Conference held under the auspices of the League of Nations at Genoa in June of this year unanimously passed the following resolutions:\n\n\"The International Seamen's Conference recognising the importance of taking active international measures for the prevention and treatment of venereal diseases in the mercantile marine, desires to urge upon the Health Section of the League of Nations the need for immediate attention to this subject.\n\nThey would recommend for special consideration:\n\n(1) The provision of adequate facilities for the prevention and treatment of venereal disease at all the principal ports.\n\n(2) The inclusion of venereal diseases among the conditions for which free drugs and treatment are provided for members of the mercantile marine.\n\n(3) The dissemination of appropriate information on the subject to seafarers, and especially to those at training establishments.\n\n(4) The provision of adequate facilities for recreation at all large ports under the administration of a joint organisation representative of owners and seafarers.\n\nThey desire in addition to call the special attention of the International Labour Organisation to the importance of No. 4 about facilities for recreation.\"\n\nThe British Ministry of Health and the Marine Department of the Board of Trade are taking steps to carry into effect Resolutions 1, 2, 3.\n\nWe recommend therefore that special attention should be given to the requirements of the seafaring population. We would suggest that the facilities for treatment for seafarers should be continuously open and very accessible to the shipping quarter of the town; that arrangement should be made for the first official visiting any incoming ships to take with him...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-472 - Others - 1921.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 490730, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-472 - Others - 1921", "page_number": 423, "title": "CO129-472 - Others - 1921", "content_text": "# \n## \n### \n\n-6- \n420 \nbi 117 \n\nThe first Labour Conference held under the auspices of the League of Nations at Genoa in June of this year unanimously passed the following resolutions:- \n\nThe International Seamen's Conference recognising the importance of taking active international measures for the prevention and treatment of venereal diseases in the mercantile marine, desires to urge upon the Health Section of the League of Nations the need for immediate attention to this subject, \n\nThey would recommend for special consideration:- \n\n| Num | Recommendation |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1) | The provision of adequate facilities for the prevention and treatment of venereal diseases at all the principal ports, |\n| (2) | The inclusion of venereal diseases among the conditions for which free drugs and treatment are provided for members of the mercantile marine, |\n| (3) | The dissemination of appropriate information on the subject to seafarers, and especially to those at training establishments, |\n| (4) | The provision of adequate facilities for recreation at all large ports under the administration of a joint organisation representative of owners and seafarers, |\n\nThey desire in addition to call the special attention of the International Labour Organisation to the importance of No. 4 about facilities for recreation,\" \n\nThe British Ministry of Health and the Marine Department of the Board of Trade are taking steps to carry into effect Resolutions 1, 2, and 3. We recommend therefore that special attention should be given to the requirements of the seafaring population, We would suggest that the facilities for treatment for seafarers should be continuously open and very accessible to the shipping quarter of the town: that arrangements should be made for the first official visiting any incoming ship to take with him printed particulars as to the local facilities for treatment available, and require them to be affixed in a suitable position so that the information may be conveyed to the crew before landing. \n\nN.B. \nSuch a clinic could usefully be installed in the vicinity of the mercantile landing piers or of the various seamen's Institutions, and would be under the direct supervision of the Civil Medical Department; out-patient treatment only being given, in-patients being dealt with at the Civil Hospital.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-472 - Others - 1921.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 491697, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-474 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [1-4]", "page_number": 238, "title": "CO129-474 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [1-4]", "content_text": "Page 237\n\nit. The men, according to the Companies, were also ignorant of any demand made by the Union on their behalf. The Chinese Companies on the 1st January unanimously resolved that the Seamen's Union did not carry the authority assumed by it on behalf of the men, and they declined to deal with it. The European Companies followed suit.\n\n5. The matter came to the notice of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs early in January, his information being that the situation was very serious and that arrangements for a strike had been completed in Canton. He at once arranged for a meeting between representatives of two of the principal Shipping Companies and the Officers of the Seamen's Union; but it was apparent from the outset that the Union had no intention of discussing terms for a settlement. A further conference was arranged, but on the 12th January the Chairman of the Union sent an ultimatum of twenty-four hours to all Shipping Companies in the Colony, companies operating vessels in foreign trade being now included; and the strike began.\n\n6. The Kwok Van Tong now came out into the open under the immediate leadership of a man named Tae Ying-pak. Tae Ying-pak was educated at Queen's College, Hongkong, and was later a master in the Ellis Kadoorie School, Canton, whence he was dismissed for organizing a strike among the school-boys. Subsequently he became a prominent member of the Kwok Man Tong and, on the establishment of the Republic in 1911, he was appointed Director of Education in Canton. He left this post during one of the early changes of Government under the Republic and travelled abroad, principally in America. Upon his return he became known as a prominent revolutionary and agitator. He edited a newspaper in Hongkong which was forthwith prohibited by this Government because of the seditious and bolshevist nature of its contents, and he then went to Macao whence he was banished for running a paper on similar lines. On Dr. Sun Yat-sen's\n\nPage 238", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-474 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 491708, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-474 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [1-4]", "page_number": 249, "title": "CO129-474 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [1-4]", "content_text": "No seamen or officer of the Seamen's Union in Hongkong shall be banished for any charge, which has no proof.\n\nOn the 27th January, the following telegraphic reply was sent:-\n\n\"For Civil Governor, Canton. Your despatch 26th January. Proposal that Seamen should only be employed through the Union, and agreements should have no effect unless Union has been a witness makes any discussion useless.\" \"Requirements of the Merchant Shipping Law would in any case make it impossible to accept these conditions to say nothing of international questions arising in cases of foreign owned ships.\n\nProposal to arbitrate at Canton cannot in any case be considered.\" \"The ostensible grounds for strike are solely questions of wages.\n\nOwners are still prepared to refer these to arbitration by Board appointed by my Government and suggest that Union should employ delegates to confer with them here to settle preliminaries.\n\nSTUBBS.\n\nBetween the 4th and the 7th February certain Hongkong Guilds came forward with proposals that they should assist in the negotiations with the seamen in Canton, and their offers were at once accepted.\n\nOn the 7th February the following telegraphic correspondence took place:\n\nFrom H.M. Consul-General, Canton, to Governor, Hongkong, dated 7th February.\n\n\"Urgent. Your telegram 4th February. Leaders of movement through Commissioner of Foreign Affairs inform me that they are prepared to proceed to Hongkong to confer with owners on condition that offices of Union reopened again, and on guarantee of freedom from arrest. They state that they are not responsible for intimidation in the Colony, and to appear at a conference as members of an outlawed society would place them in a false position. Please telegraph reply.'\n\nFrom Governor, Hongkong, to H.M. Consul-General, Canton, dated 7th February,\n\nDelegates will be given safe conduct, but Union cannot be re-opened. Point in last sentence need not arise if delegates come as representatives of seamen in Canton and not of Union. Intimidation is undoubtedly rife here, and in Canton and Sheklung. Are the Union authorities, in view of their statement, prepared to issue public repudiation of intimidation and to make it clear that men who wish to return to work need not fear the consequences?\n\nOn the 9th February the shipowners, on the suggestion of the Government, renewed their offer which had been withdrawn on the 18th January; and the Government thereupon issued the following notice in Chinese, emphasising the point that the offer was not finally binding on either side, but was subject to revision by the arbitrators.\n\nAt the suggestion of the Governor, the shipowners are willing to reinstate their former offer of increased wages to take effect from the day on which the seamen return to work. This scale of wages is merely a temporary scale pending arbitration and is on no account to be taken as a basis from which the arbitrators will work. Addition to it or subtraction from it are alike within the sole discretion of the arbitrators. The scale offered is repeated below:-\n\nChinese River Steamers.25%\nOther Chinese Steamers up to 1000 D.W. Tons.- Canton, Hongkong and Macao Steamboat Co.'s Steamers15%\nOther British Companies River Steamers, taking the scale of Canton, Hongkong and Macao Steamboat Co. as base.**25%\n *15%\nCoasting Steamers.\nJava Lines.24%\nPacific Lines.12%\nEuropean Lines7½%\nAustralian Lines.7½%\n10%\n\nIn the meantime the Committee of the Tung Wa Hospital had proposed to the Government that they should use their good offices in bringing about a settlement. Other leading members of the Chinese Community were subsequently associated with them, and on the 8th February the Tung Wa Hospital, as representing the Chinese of the Colony, telegraphed to Canton asking the seamen to send delegates to discuss a settlement with them. The delegates arrived on the 12th February and on the following day at a meeting at the Tung Wa Hospital they declared that they could not carry the matter further until the settlement of the question of the re-opening of the Seamen's Union, which had been closed by the Government on the 1st February as being an unlawful society. The matter was accordingly referred on the 14th February to the Government, who on the 15th February issued a proclamation in Chinese in the following terms:-\n\nOn instructions from the Government, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs has communicated the following decision to the seamen's representatives:--\n\n1. The Seamen's Union was closed because it exceeded its legitimate bounds and broke the law of Hongkong, not because it asked for an increase of wages.\n\n2. The Governor absolutely requires proof of freedom from unlawfulness before he can change his present attitude.\n\n3. If it is desired to give proof of freedom from unlawfulness, all seamen and all workmen whom they involved in the strike must return to work and Hongkong resume its normal condition, before it can be considered that proof of freedom from unlawfulness has been furnished.\n\n4. If all come back to work first on the conditions offered by the shipowners and await the award of the arbitrators, the Governor will cancel the proclamation closing the Union.\"\n\nThe delegates returned to Canton on the 15th February, and they came back to Hongkong on the 17th February with certain suggestions which were considered by the shipowners on the 19th February. The shipowners' decision was conveyed to the delegates on the 20th February by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, and the delegates left for Canton on the 21st February. On the 24th February a letter was handed to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs stating that the seamen were not prepared to accept the proposals made.\n\nOn the 22nd February a telegram had been received from H.M. Consul General at Canton, suggesting that there were good grounds for believing that an all-round increase of some 2% on the owners' original offer would be accepted. On the 24th February the Engineers' Society came forward with a similar suggestion and offered to negotiate for a settlement on this basis.\n\nThe Government informed the shipowners of these proposals, and suggested that, as it seemed likely that the offer of such an increase would bring the men back immediately to work and would prevent a general strike, it would be wise to add some 2% to the figures shown in the notice of the 9th February which is quoted above. That notice still stood. It pointed out clearly that the shipowners' offer covered only the immediate present, and that the scale would be increased or lowered in the sole discretion of the arbitrators. The shipowners added 2¼% to their previous figures, and on the 24th February this information was telegraphed to Canton and was communicated to the Engineers' Guild. The seamen refused the new terms.\n\nOn the 28th February, H.M. Consul-General telegraphed that he had information to the effect that, if a meeting between the shipowners and the seamen's delegates could be arranged, there was every prospect of a settlement. On the 1st March a reply was sent by the Hongkong Government that the shipowners were willing to meet the seamen's delegates. It was added that, in order to avoid further abortive proceedings, the Government considered it to be highly desirable that the delegates should be fully empowered to make a settlement.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-474 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 491864, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-474 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [1-4]", "page_number": 405, "title": "CO129-474 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [1-4]", "content_text": "403\n\nJ\n\nazım editül oliy to sauno ●Idiametro adi koneen #unni:D to nejen mild to meltraup adź yaibrayer #duqu i b\n\nTo to end Jard wodą c♬ sombire siças ei eredi duď\n\n$\n\n-\n\n•\n\nLETSilvania yai kodtam .î 28, getað bu nodas) ai themevoð að to ured an Moc Li te ulifurol nii te drabinot\" to altid edd Msami! of good eit mi. Jiolyte ndð at smisliidiesog Justal odi yalɛilee? .sold)\n\nden næri noc-jfwG „Tú siq axa aceqorʊë add testa quodui, to Tokgope r', eds jalg of Joeduo add æti 2ingshui\n\n• 10 [lol and down edu to boast ads anlamı ed har vaŠmon? Jrom Minijuma galblod mijaningyTO ME Urah z'algee.\n\nez Yearly low ad mojay? at ban,nefciɔnizy zwodał OSTİKO Tuodai add to fra que sild Lacy meltieng ald stabiloures SzationNa bas radio? od bebassene od rbide, RANO ĒRTI\n\n@maymol Sessi ayowla had non-daY NuË „TÜ\n\n4 ,voxf mi nima brɛ wiki ni yule) and mort pedained meed ped wild to Lemuter add njim doiJseunos ni ninavo zlatreɔ bua\n\n- od) to aslequinas ela eslayover of ingverstol zmagno!! od (Tros Jon nae al · Pinoestan aid of last hahha pnsblaeri szeniɗ to samsvalys ■ al symmver to yölautroqqe as bakt Latasco has revit no uncagnosi art has of yalbard name a\n\n.2001 TO2 edd ni bebaue? kav stedd,IMI,yımunat al\n\n1 sind jual red:atok al bas,noino ■'nemsel evening wild popio) an Tol Jasuper a meinaquoŭ ynicgirê auoitav aid of dama gbod\n\nĐÁY STRASNJE revit baa Ladunos ir 118m tol zegar to samoroni Ineta oraild Jodd boxas aww JI „asioita yacagnoli bemzie\n\nRYOTA NICE NA 57 de walbreasa 306 to 308 to samerani daft a sami od nabacoorç salcaqmƆ sɗT «dfoam a 063 volad to Sait of widiam erat vodi Jadi bayalla vadi bum,amitispas ad cu bernaçga apie že Juore,am wild grom SGÜNEYBİTA\n\nte çinarodowa boland ve mekaï ode to samjuits add to azamatus\n\nit. The men, according to the Companies, were also ignorant of any demand made by the Union on their behalf. The Chinese Companies on the 1st January unanimously resolved that the Seamen's Union did not carry the authority assumed by it on behalf of the men, and they declined to deal with it. The European Companies followed suit.\n\n5.\n\nThe matter came to the notice of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs early in January, his information being that the situation was very serious and that arrangements for a strike had been completed in Canton. He at once arranged for a meeting between representatives of two of the principal Shipping Companies and the Officers of the Seamen's Union; but it was apparent from the outset that the Union had no intention of discussing terms for a settlement. A further conference was arranged, but on the 12th January the Chairman of the Union sent an ultimatum of twenty-four hours to all Shipping Companies in the Colony, companies operating vessels in foreign trade being now included; and the strike began.\n\n6.\n\nThe Kwok Man Tong now came out into the open under the immediate leadership of a man named Tse Ying-pak. Tse Ying-pak was educated at Queen's College, Hongkong, and was later a master in the Ellis Kadoorie School, Canton, whence he was dismissed for organising a strike among the school-boys. Subsequently, he became a prominent member of the Kwok Man Tong and, on the establishment of the Republic in 1911, he was appointed Director of Education in Canton. He left this post during one of the early changes of Government under the Republic and travelled abroad, principally in America. Upon his return, he became known as a prominent revolutionary and agitator. He edited a newspaper in Hongkong which was forthwith prohibited by this Government because of the seditious and bolshevist nature of its contents, and he then went to Macao whence he was banished for running a paper on similar lines. On Dr. Sun Yat-sen's", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-474 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 491875, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-474 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [1-4]", "page_number": 416, "title": "CO129-474 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [1-4]", "content_text": "No seamen or officer of the Seamen's Union in Hongkong shall be banished for any charge, which has no proof.\n\nOn the 27th January, the following telegraphic reply was sent :-\n\n\"For Civil Governor, Canton. Your despatch 26th January. Proposal that Seamen should only be employed through the Union, and agreements should have no effect unless Union has been a witness makes any discussion useless.\" \"Requirements of the Merchant Shipping Law would in any case make it impossible to accept these conditions to say nothing of international questions arising in cases of foreign owned ships.\"\n\n\"Proposal to arbitrate at Canton cannot in any case be considered.\"\n\nThe ostensible grounds for strike are solely questions of wages. Owners are still prepared to refer these to arbitration by Board appointed by my Government and suggest that Union should employ delegates to confer with them here to settle preliminaries.\"\n\nSTUBBS.\n\nBetween the 4th and the 7th February certain Hongkong Guilds came forward with proposals that they should assist in the negotiations with the seamen in Canton, and their offers were at once accepted.\n\nOn the 7th February the following telegraphic correspondence took place :-\n\nFrom H.M. Consul-General, Canton, to Governor, Hongkong, dated 7th February.\n\n\"Urgent. Your telegram 4th February. Leaders of movement through Commissioner of Foreign Affairs inform me that they are prepared to proceed to Hongkong to confer with owners on condition that offices of Union be opened again, and on guarantee of freedom from arrest. They state that they are not responsible for intimidation in the Colony, and to appear at a conference as members of an outlawed society would place them in a false position. Please telegraph reply.'\n\nFrom Governor, Hongkong, to H.M. Consul-General, Canton, dated 7th February.\n\nDelegates will be given safe conduct, but Union cannot be re-opened. Point in last sentence need not arise if delegates come as representatives of seamen in Canton and not of Union. Intimidation is undoubtedly rife here, and in Canton and Sheklung. Are the Union authorities, in view of their statement, prepared to issue public repudiation of intimidation and to make it clear that men who wish to return to work need not fear the consequences?\"\n\nOn the 9th February the shipowners, on the suggestion of the Government, renewed their offer which had been withdrawn on the 18th January; and the Government thereupon issued the following notice in Chinese, emphasising the point that the offer was not finally binding on either side, but was subject to revision by the arbitrators.\n\n\"At the suggestion of the Governor, the shipowners are willing to reinstate their former offer of increased wages to take effect from the day on which the seamen return to work. This scale of wages is merely a temporary scale pending arbitration and is on no account to be taken as a basis from which the arbitrators will work. Addition to it or subtraction from it are alike within the sole discretion of the arbitrators. The scale offered is repeated below:-\n\n \n Chinese River Steamers.\n -\n 25%\n \n \n Other Chinese Steamers up to 1000 D.W. Tons.\n -\n 25%\n \n \n Canton, Hongkong and Macao Steamboat Co.'s Steamers.\n -\n 15%\n \n \n Other British Companies River Steamers, taking the scale of Canton, Hongkong and Macao Steamboat Co. as base.\n -\n 15%\n \n \n Coasting Steamers.\n -\n 12%\n \n \n Java Lines.\n -\n 74%\n \n \n Pacific Lines.\n -\n 71%\n 7+%\n\n \n \n European Lines\n -\n 10%\n \n \n Australian Lines.\n 414\n \n\nIn the meantime the Committee of the Tung Wa Hospital had proposed to the Government that they should use their good offices in bringing about a settlement. Other leading members of the Chinese Community were subsequently associated with them, and on the 8th February the Tung Wa Hospital, as representing the Chinese of the Colony, telegraphed to Canton asking the seamen to send delegates to discuss a settlement with them. The delegates arrived on the 12th February and on the following day at a meeting at the Tung Wa Hospital they declared that they could not carry the matter further until the settlement of the question of the re-opening of the Seamen's Union, which had been closed by the Government on the 1st February as being an unlawful society. The matter was accordingly referred on the 14th February to the Government, who on the 15th February issued a proclamation in Chinese in the following terms :--\n\n\"On instructions from the Government, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs has communicated the following decision to the seamen's representatives :--\n\nI. The Seamen's Union was closed because it exceeded its legitimate bounds and broke the law of Hongkong, not because it asked for an increase of wages.\n\n2. The Governor absolutely requires proof of freedom from unlawfulness before he can change his present attitude.\n\n3. If it is desired to give proof of freedom from unlawfulness, all seamen and all workmen whom they involved in the strike must return to work and Hongkong resume its normal condition, before it can be considered that proof of freedom from unlawfulness has been furnished.\n\n4. If all come back to work first on the conditions offered by the shipowners and await the award of the arbitrators, the Governor will cancel the proclamation closing the Union.\"\n\nThe delegates returned to Canton on the 15th February, and they came back to Hongkong on the 17th February with certain suggestions which were considered by the shipowners on the 19th February. The shipowners' decision was conveyed to the delegates on the 20th February by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, and the delegates left for Canton on the 21st February. On the 24th February a letter was handed to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs stating that the seamen were not prepared to accept the proposals made.\n\nOn the 22 February a telegram had been received from H.M. Consul-General at Canton, suggesting that there were good grounds for believing that an all-round increase of some 2% on the owners' original offer would be accepted. On the 24th February the Engineers' Society came forward with a similar suggestion and offered to negotiate for a settlement on this basis.\n\nThe Government informed the shipowners of these proposals, and suggested that, as it seemed likely that the offer of such an increase would bring the men back immediately to work and would prevent a general strike, it would be wise to add some 2% to the figures shown in the notice of the 9th February which is quoted above. That notice still stood. It pointed out clearly that the ship-owners' offer covered only the immediate present, and that the scale would be increased or lowered in the sole discretion of the arbitrators. The shipowners added 2½% to their previous figures, and on the 24th February this information was telegraphed to Canton and was communicated to the Engineers' Guild. The seamen refused the new terms,\n\nOn the 28th February, H.M. Consul-General telegraphed that he had information to the effect that, if a meeting between the shipowners and the seamen's delegates could be arranged, there was every prospect of a settlement. On the 1st March a reply was sent by the Hongkong Government that the shipowners were willing to meet the seamen's delegates. It was added that, in order to avoid further abortive proceedings, the Government considered it to be highly desirable that the delegates should be fully empowered to make a settlement.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-474 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 492300, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]", "page_number": 230, "title": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]", "content_text": "The Hongkong Weekly Press\n\nVOL. XCIV.]\n\nAND\n\nChina Overland Trade Report.\n\nCONTENTS.\n\nFar Eastern News\n\nHongkong\n\nMui Teai in Hongkong\n\nHONGKONG, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 3RD., 1921.\n\nPAGE 213 ........ 213 ..... 214\n\nThe Sanitary Board................................................................................ ..... ... 214\n\nLeading Articles :-\n\nRandom Reflections\n\n215\n\n215\n\n,216\n\n.216\n\n....217\n\n.... 217 ....218 219 .........227\n\nHongkong and the Water Carriage System........... 227\n\nHongkong Book-keeper's Sharp Sentence\n\n......... 228\n\n228\n\n229\n\n....230\n\nJapanese \"Aggression\" in China\n\nJapan in China and Siberia\n\nThe Central Yangtsze Situation\n\nThe British in South China\n\nWedding in Kowloon......\n\n\"Hongkong Daily Press\n\nHongkong Legislative Council....\n\nRoyal Dutch Petroleum Company\n\nCorrespondence :-\n\nAn Inaccurate Report\n\nSuspected Arson\n\nChamber of Commerce\n\nThieves Still Busy\n\nThe Cassel Mining Agreement..\n\nWhat Kansu's Earthquake Cost the Province ...230\n\nSt. Joseph's College\n\nBank of East Asia\n\n281\n\nThe Bank of China\n\nMr. Stevens's Kidnapper\n\nThe Law Courts..\n\n231 231 232\n\nThe War in Hapeh\n\n234\n\nFar Eastern Cable News...\n\nWireless Telegraph Communication with China 234\n\nLocal Sport\n\n235\n\n236\n\nFamine Committee and a Bank Fraud\n\n...236\n\nRepublicanism\" in China\n\n237\n\nFiring on Ships on the Yangtsze......\n\n..238\n\nCompany Meeting :-\n\nHongkong Hotel Co., Ltd. ..\n\nShipping\n\n..239\n\nThe Upper Yangtze Trade\n\nCommercial....\n\nBIRTHS.\n\n239\n\n239 .240\n\nCARTER.-At Shanghai, on August 21st, to Mr. and Mrs. D. CARTER, a daughter.\n\nCHAPEAUX.-At Shanghai, on August 26th, to Mr. and Mrs. ALBERT CHAPEAUX, a son.\n\nMOONEY REED.-At Shanghai, on August 19th, AUSTIN JAMES MOONEY to ANNE CONSTANCE REED.\n\nNICHOLLS-INWOOD --At Shanghai, on August 13th, HARRY CHARLES THOMAS NICHOLLS, of Shanghai and Bristol, to EMILY INWOOD, of Shanghai and London.\n\nDEATHS.\n\nBONE.--At Studley, Warwick, England, on the 26th August, Mrs. C. BONE, beloved wife of the Rev. C. Bone (formerly Pastor, Wesleyan Methodist Church, Wanchai). By cable.\n\nHARDY. At the Victoria Nursing Home, Shanghai, on August 24th, HERBERT JOHN HARDY (Shanghai Gas Co., Ltd.), aged 47 years.\n\nRegistered as a Newspaper at the General Post Office in the United Kingdom.\n\nNo. 10\n\nBy order of the Canton Government 140,000 taels of opium, worth $400,000, which had been confiscated by the customs and police authorities from Smugglers, were publicly destroyed by fire on August 27th on the East Parade Ground.\n\nAdvices from Washington state that Mr. Stanley K. Hornbeck, author of \"Contemporary International Politics,\" has been invited to serve as an adviser on Far Eastern affairs to the American State Department for the Pacific Conference. Mr. Hornbeck, who has been travelling in China, Japan and the Philippine Islands for the past 18 months, will return to Washington next week.\n\nMr. W. S. Fleming, the American Attorney, who has been very prominently in the limelight lately at Shanghai, sailed, last week, for America, but sent to the Press a parting letter in which he wrote:- \"There is no reason to camouflage my purpose in leaving China, as I am going straight to Washington, D.C., in response to telegraphic advices I have received to be there in connection with an investigation I initiated in the Department of State early in March of this year. Lest certain evil-disposed persons should misrepresent the purpose of my departure I would ask you kindly to publish this at an early date.\"\n\nJENNER. At Shanghai, on August 22nd.\n\nELI WILLIAM JENNER, of Kent, England, aged 28 years.\n\nLINN.-At the General Hospital, Shanghai, on August 24th, CATHERINE, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Linn, aged 7 weeks.\n\nRAWLINGSON.-At Shanghai, on August 26th. Captain W. J. RAWLINGSON, of Shanghai.\n\nHongkong Weekly Press.\n\nHONGKONG OFFICE: 10A, DES VOEUX ROAD C LONDON OFFICE: 131, FLEET STREET, E.C.\n\nFAR EASTERN NEWS.\n\nLANE. At Tientsin, on August 13th, to Mr. and Mrs. R. W. LANE, a daughter.\n\nRecent floods not only interrupted traffic on the Tientsin-Pukow Railway by washing away the tracks, but washed away a bridge on the Peking-Mukden Line, near Shanhaikuan.\n\nMURPHY.-At Cork, on August 13th, to Mr. and Mrs. J. J. MURPHY, of Shanghai, a son.\n\nPRITCHARD.-At Yunnanfu, on August 18th, to Mr. and Mrs. E. A. PRITCHARD, a daughter.\n\nREIS.-In Manila, on Sunday, the 21st inst., at 8.40 a.m., to Mr. and Mrs. F. A. REIS, a son, PEDRO FAUSTINO.\n\nMARRIAGES.\n\nOLIVER-KAY.-At the Abbey Hotel, Jedburgh, Scotland, on July 19th, by the Rev. Stewart Burns, M.A., St. Mary's, Hawick, MICHAEL OLIVER, China Navigation Co., Hongkong, eldest son of Mr. and Mrs. William Oliver, 20. Slitrig Crescent, Hawick, to AGNES ROBSON, eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. Kay, Hill View, Jedburgh.\n\nSir Arthur Whitton Brown, the Transatlantic airman, who paid a visit to China on behalf of Messrs. Vickers, a few months ago, has undergone an operation for appendicitis since his return to England.\n\nThe late Admiral Sir James Andrew Thomas Bruce, K.C.M.G. (75), who saw service in Nigeria and was second in command in China at the time of the Boxer outbreak, formerly A.D.C. to Queen Victoria, left estate of the gross value of £20,957.\n\nAfter a full day's proceedings, investigation of the charge against J. G. Gardiner, alleged to have stolen 50 barrels of cement, the property of Messrs. Butterfield & Swire, was completed at H.M. Police Court at Shanghai, on Aug. 24th, before Mr. G. W. King, when the defendant was discharged.\n\nCertain Chinese now in London, says a London paper, are demanding that the value of two sacred golden bells taken from the Temple of Heaven in Peking during the Boxer rising shall be restored to the temple authorities. It is stated that the bells were found under piles of rubbish, and that one of them was taken by British troops to Delhi and there melted down, the gold being sold for £25,000. The interested Chinese now point to the special clause in the Versailles Treaty whereby the ancient astronomical instruments looted by the Germans during the capture of Peking were returned to China, and demand that the sacred bells, or their value, shall also be restored to the Temple of Heaven.\n\nHONGKONG.\n\nOwing to the recent heavy rains the road from Laichikok to Castle Peak is closed.\n\nIt has been decided to admit women to Hongkong University and the first girl student has already been registered.\n\nMr. Percy Smith, who has been taking the waters at Marienbad, is expected to return to Hongkong in the middle of October.\n\nMr. B. Tanner, Head Master of Queen's College, who has been home on leave, returned to the Colony on August 31st by the Kamo-maru.\n\nOn one day last week seven opium raids produced 45 defendants in the dock at the Magistracy and a haul of thousands of taels of opium.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 492585, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]", "page_number": 515, "title": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]", "content_text": "800\n\n- 2\n\nNo seamen or officer of the Seamen's Union in Hongkong shall be banished for any charge, which has no proof.\n\nOn the 27th January, the following telegraphic reply was sent :-\n\n\"For Civil Governor, Canton, Your despatch 26th January. Proposal that Seamen should only be employed through the Union, and agreements should have no effect unless Union has been a witness makes any discussion useless.' \"Requirements of the Merchant Shipping Law would in any case make it impossible to accept these conditions to say nothing of international questions arising in cases of foreign owned ships.\"\n\nFL\n\nProposal to arbitrate at Canton cannot in any case be considered. ' \"The ostensible grounds for strike are solely questions of wages.\n\n\"\n\nOwners are still prepared to refer these to arbitration by Board appointed by my Government and suggest that Union should employ delegates to confer with them here to settle preliminaries.\n\nSTUBBS.\n\nBetween the 4th and the 7th February certain Hongkong Guilds came forward with proposals that they should assist in the negotiations with the seamen in Canton, and their offers were at once accepted.\n\nOn the 7th February the following telegraphic correspondence took place:\n\nFrom H.M. Consul-General, Canton, to Governor, Hongkong, dated 7th February.\n\n\"Urgent. Your telegram 4th February. Leaders of movement through Commissioner of Foreign Affairs inform me that they are prepared to proceed to Hongkong to confer with owners on condition that offices of Union be opened again, and on guarantee of freedom from arrest. They state that they are not responsible for intimidation in the Colony, and to appear at a conference as members of an outlawed society would place them in a false position, Please telegraph reply.'\n\nFrom Governor, Hongkong, to H.M. Consul-General, Canton, dated 7th February.\n\nDelegates will be given safe conduct, but Union cannot be re-opened. Point in last sentence need not arise if delegates come as representatives of seamen in Canton and not of Union. Intimidation is undoubtedly rife here, and in Canton and Sheklung. Are the Union authorities, in view of their statement, prepared to issue public repudiation of intimidation and to make it clear that men who wish to return to work need not fear the consequences?\n\nOn the 9th February the shipowners, on the suggestion of the Government, renewed their offer which had been withdrawn on the 18th January; and the Government thereupon issued the following notice in Chinese, emphasising the point that the offer was not finally binding on either side, but was subject to revision by the arbitrators.\n\nAt the suggestion of the Governor, the shipowners are willing to reinstate their former offer of increased wages to take effect from the day on which the seamen return to work. This scale of wages is merely a temporary scale pending arbitration and is on no account to be taken as a basis from which the arbitrators will work. Addition to it or subtraction from it are alike within the sole discretion of the arbitrators. The scale offered is repeated below:-\n\nChinese River Steamers.\n\n25%\n\nOther Chinese Steamers up to 1000 D.W. Tons, Canton, Hongkong and Macao Steamboat Co.'s Steamers.\n\nOther British Companies River Steamers, taking the scale of Canton, Hongkong and Macao Steamboat Co. as base.\n\nCoasting Steamers.\n\nJava Lines.\n\nPacific Lines.\n\nEuropean Lines\n\nAustralian Lines.\n\n15%\n\n25%\n\n15%\n\n12%\n\n7½%\n\n7½%\n\n10%\n\nIn the meantime the Committee of the Tung Wa Hospital had proposed to the Government that they should use their good offices in bringing about a settlement. Other leading members of the Chinese Community were subsequently associated with them, and on the 8th February the Tung Wa Hospital, as representing the Chinese of the Colony, telegraphed to Canton asking the seamen to send delegates to discuss a settlement with them. The delegates arrived on the 12th February and on the following day at a meeting at the Tung Wa Hospital they declared that they could not carry the matter further until the settlement of the question of the re-opening of the Seamen's Union, which had been closed by the Government on the 1st February as being an unlawful society. The matter was accordingly referred on the 14th February to the Government, who on the 15th February issued a proclamation in Chinese in the following terms :-\n\n\"On instructions from the Government, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs has communicated the following decision to the seamen's representatives :-\n\n1. The Seamen's Union was closed because it exceeded its legitimate bounds and broke the law of Hongkong, not because it asked for an increase of wages.\n\n2. The Governor absolutely requires proof of freedom from unlawfulness before he can change his present attitude.\n\n3. If it is desired to give proof of freedom from unlawfulness, all seamen and all workmen whom they involved in the strike must return to work and Hongkong resume its normal condition, before it can be considered that proof of freedom from unlawfulness has been furnished.\n\n4. If all come back to work first on the conditions offered by the shipowners and await the award of the arbitrators, the Governor will cancel the proclamation closing the Union.\"\n\nThe delegates returned to Canton on the 15th February, and they came back to Hongkong on the 17th February with certain suggestions which were considered by the shipowners on the 19th February. The shipowners' decision was conveyed to the delegates on the 20th February by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, and the delegates left for Canton on the 21st February. On the 24th February a letter was handed to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs stating that the seamen were not prepared to accept the proposals made.\n\nOn the 22nd February a telegram had been received from H.M. Consul-General at Canton, suggesting that there were good grounds for believing that an all-round increase of some 2% on the owners' original offer would be accepted On the 24th February the Engineers' Society came forward with a similar suggestion and offered to negotiate for a settlement on this basis.\n\nThe Government informed the shipowners of these proposals, and suggested that, as it seemed likely that the offer of such an increase would bring the men back immediately to work and would prevent a general strike, it would be wise to add some 2% to the figures shown in the notice of the 9th February which is quoted above. That notice still stood. It pointed out clearly that the shipowners' offer covered only the immediate present, and that the scale would be increased or lowered in the sole discretion of the arbitrators. The shipowners added 2% to their previous figures, and on the 24th February this information was telegraphed to Canton and was communicated to the Engineers' Guild. The seamen refused the new terms.\n\nOn the 28th February, H.M. Consul-General telegraphed that he had information to the effect that, if a meeting between the shipowners and the seamen's delegates could be arranged, there was every prospect of a settlement. On the 1st March a reply was sent by the Hongkong Government that the shipowners were willing to meet the seamen's delegates. It was added that, in order to avoid further abortive proceedings, the Government considered it to be highly desirable that the delegates should be fully empowered to make a settlement.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 492962, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]", "page_number": 315, "title": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]", "content_text": "306\n\nTHE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.\n\nTHE BLUE FUNNEL LINE\n\nREGULAR AND FAST FREIGHT AND PASSENGER SERVICE.\n\nLONDON\n\nTEIRESIAS PELEUS ANTILOCHUS HYSON\n\nSERVICE (Direct)\n\n25th Sept. London, Amsterdam & Antwerp 2nd Oct. London, Rotterdam & Hamburg. 9th Oct. London, Amsterdam & Antwerp 16th Oct. London, Rotterdam & Antwerp\n\nLIVERPOOL SERVICE (Direct or via Continental Ports)\n\nKT. TEMPLAR TYDEUS OVESTES\n\n4th Oct. Marseilles, Havre & Liverpool 20th Oct. Genoa, Marseilles, Liverpool & Glasgow.\n\n4th Nov. Havre, Liverpool & Glasgow.\n\nPACIFIC SERVICE (via Kobe and Yokohama)\n\nTYNQAREUS PROTESILAUS\n\n17th Oct. Victoria, Seattle & Vancouver 7th Nov.\n\nNEW YORK SERVICE (via Suez or Panama)\n\nANTILOCHUS AGAMEMNON TEUCER TERESIAS PYRRHUS PYRRHUS\n\n5th Oct. via Suez 25th Oct. via Suez 15 Nov. via Suez\n\nPASSENGER SERVICE\n\n25th Sept. for Singapore & London 1st Nov for Shanghai & Japan 4th Nov. for Singapore & London\n\nFor Freight and Passage Rates and further information apply to :-\n\nBUTTERFIELD & SWIRE (JOHN SWIRE & SONS, LTD.) AGENTS.\n\nTHE EAST ASIATIC CO., LTD., COPENHAGEN.\n\nRegular Freight and Passenger Service for Bangkok, Hongkong, Swatow and return.\n\nS. S. \"BAKA\" Due S. S. \"BINTANG\" Will leave for Bangkok via Swatow\n\nSubject to change without notice.\n\nFor further particulars please apply to:-\n\nJOHN MANNERS & CO., Agents. CONSIGNEES.\n\nNOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.\n\nTHE ADMIRAL LINE.\n\nThe Steamship \"PRESIDENT MCKINLEY\" having arrived from Manila P. I on Sep. 21 consignees are hereby notified that their cargo is being landed at their risk into the Hazardous and/or Extra-Hazardous Godowns of The Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf & Godown Co., at Kowloon, and stored at consignees' risk.\n\nConsignees of cargo must produce an Import Permit signed by the Superintendent of Imports and Exports, Hongkong, before Bills of Lading will be counter-signed.\n\nFRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1922.\n\nEARLIER TELEGRAMS. (Continued from Page 3)\n\nTHE ALLIES AND TURKEY.\n\nParis, Sept. 21.\n\nAn account of the proceedings of the Foreign Ministers' Conference yesterday is contained in the semi-official statement which says that Lord Curzon expressed great astonishment at the fact that while the British had decided to reinforce her troops at Chanak, both France and Italy had resolved to withdraw their contingents from the south side of the Sea of Marmora.\n\nLord Curzon considered that the Franco-Italian decision hardly conformed with the agreements of 1915 and 1918, providing for partial Inter-Allied occupation of Turkish territory.\n\nM. Poincare regarded the agreements as being at present inapplicable, as no conflict was feared when the allocation of troops was provided thereunder. He added that French opinion would not permit French troops to act with the Greeks and he argued that if Chanak was held, the whole of the southern shore of the Sea of Marmora ought equally to be occupied.\n\nKemalists would entertain peace proposals.\n\nSignor Sforza, agreeing with M. Poincare, believed that the discussions on the acceptable basis of agreement cabled last night and which just then arrived.\n\nThe Conference decided, in principle, to hold a Peace Conference at Venice, but pointed out that Russia had not been invited as she was not directly interested, the Soviet-Angora Treaty specifically excluding Russian decisions affecting the sovereignty of Turkey and the security of Constantinople.\n\nM. Poincare further pointed out the military objection to the Allies fighting with their backs to the sea. He also pointed out the undesirable effect upon the Islamic world if Britain adopted an uncompromising or bellicose attitude.\n\nIt is semi-officially declared that the problem cannot be referred to the League of Nations as urged by Dr. Nansen and Dominion representatives, as it is a Government matter.\n\nThe document states that the Foreign Minister's decision marks a big step on the road to peace.\n\nAll broken, chafed and damaged cargo is to be left in the Godowns, where it will be examined at 10 a.m. on 26th inst., by the Company's Surveyors, Messrs. Anderson & Ashe.\n\nAll claims must be presented within thirty days of the steamer's arrival here, after which they cannot be recognized.\n\nNo claims will be recognised after the goods have left the Godowns, and cargo undelivered on and after Sept. 27th will be subject to rent.\n\nNo Fire Insurance whatever will be effected.\n\nConsignees are requested to send in their Bills of Lading for counter-signature immediately.\n\nPACIFIC STEAMSHIP CO., United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, No. 4. Des Voeux Road, Managing Agents, THE ADMIRAL LINE. Hongkong, 21st. Sept., 1922.\n\n\"For the Blood is the Life.\"\n\nSufferers from Bad Legs, Abscesses, Ulcers, Piles, Glandular Swellings, Eczema, Boils, Pimples and Eruptions, Gout, Rheumatism, must realise that the only sure way to complete and lasting relief is to free the blood of the poisonous waste matter, the one cause of such troubles.\n\nClarke's Blood Mixture contains ingredients which soon overcome and expel the impurities, that's why so many lasting cures stand to its credit.\n\nTHE EAST ASIATIC CO., LTD. COPENHAGEN.\n\nThe M. S. \"INDIEN\" will be loading for Dunkirk, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Hamburg, Copenhagen & other Scandinavian Ports, about 1st October.\n\nFurther Sailings:-Expected on or about 4th October M. S. \"ASIA\" 15th October M. S. \"PANAMA\" 26th October M. S. \"MALAYA\" Subject to change without notice.\n\nFor further particulars please apply to:-\n\nJOHN MANNERS & CO., LTD. Agents. Hongkong, 22nd September, 1922.\n\nMRS. SEKAI MASSAGE\n\nTHE CANTON BANK, 2nd Floor, No. 2, DUDDELL ST. HONGKONG.\n\nSAVARESSE'S SANTAL CAPSULES\n\nFrom all Chemists The best internal treatment. Specially made in a way that prevents sickness or nausea. Physicians recommend them.\n\nTHE GRECO-EGYPTIAN TOBACCO CO. 12a, Queen's Road, Beg to announce to the general public the arrival of their new coffee roasting machine for the best quality Mocha and Java coffee, which can be had at the above address, Fresh Coffee roasted daily.\n\nA PERSIAN PROVERB: \"A cup of hot coffee without an Egyptian cigarette is like meat without salt.\"\n\nSimla, Sept. 21.\n\nTwenty-five Moslem Members of the Legislature have submitted their views on the Near East situation to the Viceroy, most earnestly and with the greatest moderation drawing his attention to the points on which it is considered Turkish peace ought to be based and which formed the subject of the Government of India's famous telegram of March 8, the unauthorised publication of which resulted in Mr. Montagu's resignation of the Secretaryship of India.\n\nThe Viceroy promised to lay their views before the Imperial Government.\n\nParis, Sept. 21. A message from Angora reports that the Turks altogether captured 60,000 Greeks.\n\nWellington (N.Z.), Sept. 21. There has been an immense response to the proposal for service in the Straits. Ten thousand New Zealanders yesterday alone offered themselves.\n\nConstantinople, Sept. 21. Hamid Bey, the Kemalist representative here, has informed a British correspondent that the Turks intend to cross the Dardanelles and enter Thrace, but will not fire on the Allies in crossing unless first attacked.\n\nWashington, Sept. 21. The Near East policy of the United States has been outlined at the White House.\n\nIt is stated that the United States will stand aloof in the event of trouble, except to provide adequately for the relief of American citizens endangered by the Turkish advance and to participate in any general programme of relief adopted by the European governments.\n\nTHE NEW AMERICAN TARIFF BILL.\n\nWashington, Sept. 21. The Treasury experts estimate that the new tariff under the Fordney-McCumber Bill, the measure when enacted, will yield about $100,000,000 annual revenue, half of which will be derived from the following sources, viz., sugar, $37,000,000; raw wool, $63,000,000; tobacco, $35,000,000; laces and embroideries, $15,000,000; while the average ad valorem rates will be slightly higher than the Payne-Aldrich Tariff.\n\nThey will in actual operation show an average slightly lower because some of the new duties will be inoperative owing to their height or the absence of imports of commodities they cover.\n\nPerhaps, the most notable feature of the Bill is the power given to the President, after investigation by the Tariff Commission, to increase or decrease any rate in the Bill by 50 per cent. if necessary, in order to set off the difference in the cost of production at home and abroad.\n\nThe President may also declare American valuations as the basis of an assessment of ad valorem duties.\n\nIt is estimated that this will automatically increase the rates about 100 per cent.\n\nAfter such declaration the President could reduce any duty by 50 per cent. but could not increase it.\n\nAlmost all infantile troubles arise in the first place from stomach and bowel troubles.\n\nTo remedy these conditions use Baby's Own Tablets.\n\nThese Tablets stand in a class by themselves, being especially made for children's use, pleasant in taste and guaranteed absolutely harmless.\n\nThey quickly reduce simple fever, cure indigestion, check diarrhoea, allay teething pains, expel worms, relieve croup and colds, quiet the nerves and promote health-giving, restful sleep in a natural way.\n\nBaby's Own Tablets are sold by chemists, or at 60 cents the vial, post free, from the Dr. Williams' Medicine Co., 96 Szechuen Road, Shanghai.\n\nVisitors always welcome a VICTROLA No Home complete without one.\n\nMCUTRIES:-Sole Agents.\n\nAIRSHIPS SUPPLANT CRUISERS.\n\nLondon, Sept. 21. The Admiralty has decided that the use of the airship in wartime shall become the first consideration of British airship policy, and its employment for Imperial communications the next.\n\nThis decision was influenced by figures in comparison with the cruiser, showing that the airship costing £250,000, compared with £900,000, is cheaper to navigate and able to cover seven times more area.\n\nSIAMESE TEAK TRADE.\n\nLondon, Sept. 21. As the May meeting of the Anglo-Siam Corporation is forthcoming, the issue of 22,000 ordinary shares of £50,000, 7%, preferences is announced.\n\nThe chairman's review considered the Siamese Government was insufficiently considering the interests of the teak trade in Siam.\n\nYEE SANG FAT CO. Just Arrived \"SWIMEASY\" Worsted and Wool BATHING SUITS for Ladies, Gentlemen and Children. Practical and Dressy Style Large Assortment of WATER WINGS Price $1.25 a pair\n\nGOLDEN STATE BUTTER From CALIFORNIA CREAMERIES. Sold by all the leading dealers in one pound cartons (FRESH)-and 1 lb. tins. SOLE AGENTS:--GEIZ BROS. & Co. of the Orient Ltd. PROVISION DEPT.\n\nTAI LEE CHAN Established 1884. SUNDRY HARDWARE and METAL GOODS Telephone Central 1993. 119. Jervois Street\n\nFRECKLES AND HIS FRIENDS\n\nBY BLOSSER", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 492968, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]", "page_number": 321, "title": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]", "content_text": "Shipping to Europe, Australia, and other Ports.\n\nP.&O.-BRITISH INDIA, APCAR\n\nAND\n\nEASTERN & AUSTRALIAN LINES.\n\n(COMPANIES incorporated in ENGLAND)\n\nTO\n\nBURMA, CEYLON, INDIA, PERSIAN GULF, WEST INDIES, MAURITIUS, EAST & SOUTH AFRICA, AUSTRALASIA, INCLUDING NEW ZEALAND & QUEENSLAND PORTS.\n\nRED SEA, EGYPT, EUROPE, ETC\n\nPENINSULAR & ORIENTAL FORTNIGHTLY DIRECT ROYAL MAIL STEAMERS (UNDER CONTRACT WITH H. M. GOVERNMENT.)\n\n \n S.S.\n Tons\n From Hong-kong (about)\n Destination\n Miles\n \n \n MACEDONIA\n 11,000\n 27 Sept. 11 am\n 'pore, P'ang, C'ho & B'bay\nB'bay, M'les, L'don, A'werp\n 6,696\n \n \n KALYAN\n 9,000\n 11th Oct.\n B'bay, M'les, L'don, A'werp\n \n \n \n MANTUA\n 11,000\n 25th Oct.\n M'les, London & Antwerp\n \n \n \n DONGOLA\n 8,000\n 8th Nov.\n \n \n \n\nBRITISH INDIA-APCAR SAILINGS (South)\n\nTORILLA 15,205 24th Sept. 11 a.m. | Singapore & Madras.\n\nJANUS 4,824 29th Sept. | Calcutta via S'pore, Penang.\n\nEASTERN & AUSTRALIAN SAILINGS (South)\n\nARAFURA 4th Oct. | Manila, Iloilo, Sandakan, Thurs. Is., Tville, B'bane,\n\nSydney and Melbourne,\n\nFrequent connections from Australia with the following:-\n\nThe Union S. S. Co's steamers to the United Kingdom via New Zealand, Vancouver, San Francisco, etc\n\nThe P.&O. Royal Mail steamers to London via Suez Canal\n\nThe P&O Branch Service of steamers to London via the Cape\n\nThe New Zealand Shipping Co's steamers for Southampton and London via Panama Canal.\n\n \n S.S.\n Tons\n From Hong-kong (about)\n Destination\n \n \n ST. ALBANS\n 6,052\n 22 Sept. d'light\n Amoy, Y'hama & Kobe\n \n \n MANTUA\n 10,902\n 25 Sept. d'light\n S'hai, Moji, Kobe, Y'hama\n \n \n DONGOLA\n 8,083\n 7th Oct.\n Shanghai & Japan\n \n\nSAILINGS TO SHANGHAI & JAPAN.\n\nAll dates are approximate and subject to alteration without notice\n\nWIRELESS ON ALL STEAMERS.\n\nParcels Measuring not more than 2ft x 2ft. x 1ft. will be received at the Company's Office up to noon on the day previous to sailing.\n\nFor Passage Rates, Handbooks, Freights etc., apply to\n\nMACKINNON, MACKENZIE & CO\n\n22, Des Voeux Road Central.\n\nGLEN\n\nAND\n\nSHIRE.\n\nJOINT SERVICE OF STEAMERS.\n\nU.K., STRAITS, CHINA & JAPAN Service.\n\n \n Vessel\n OUTWARDS\n HOMEWARDS\n \n \n S.S. GLENOGLE\n Leaves Hongkong... 22nd September\n Discharges G'OA, L'DON, A'WERP, R'DAM, H'BURG\n \n \n S.S. GLENAVY\n 5th October\n \n \n \n S.S. GLENAPP\n 5th October\n \n \n \n S.S. GLENADE\n 24th Sept.\n G'OA, L'DON, A'WERP, R'DAM, H'BURG\n \n \n S.S GLENARIFFE\n 18th Oct.\n G'OA, L'DON, A'WERP, H'BURG\n \n\nMovements are subject to change without notice. For freight or further particulars please apply to:-\n\nJARDINE, MATHESON & CO., LTD.\n\nTHE GLEN LINE, LTD.\n\nAGENTS\n\nTelephone Central No. 215, sub-ex. 23 and 3696\n\nJAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN.\n\nREGULAR FORTNIGHTLY\n\nSERVICE BETWEEN\n\nJAVA, CHINA and JAPAN.\n\n \n Steamer\n From\n Expected on or about\n Will leave on\n in port\n \n \n Tjikini\n Java\n 21st Sept.\n 23rd Sept.\n Shanghai\n \n \n Tjisondari\n Java\n \n 21st Sept.\n Japan\n \n \n Tjisalak\n Japan\n 23rd Sept.\n \n Java\n \n\nThe steamers are all fitted throughout with electric light and have accommodation for a limited number of saloon-passengers\n\nAll steamers carry a duly qualified Surgeon.\n\nCargo taken with through rates to all ports in N., Frlands-India and Australia.\n\nFor Freight and Passage apply to the\n\nJava-China-Japan Lijn.\n\nYork Buildings.\n\nTelephone Central No. 1574.\n\nHONGKONG, CANTON & MACAO\n\nSTEAMERS.\n\nJOINT SERVICE OF THE HONGKONG, CANTON AND MACAO STEAM-BOAT CO., LTD., AND THE CHINA NAVIGATION CO. LTD.\n\nHONGKONG-CANTON LINE.\n\nSailings: To Canton daily at 8 a.m & 10 p.m. (Sun. 10 p.m. only)\n\nFrom Canton daily at 8 a.m. & 5 p.m. (Sundays 5 p.m. only)\n\nSERVICE OF THE HONGKONG, CANTON & MACAO\n\nSTEAMBOAT CO., LTD.\n\nHONGKONG-MACAO LINE.\n\nSailings to Macao Daily at 8 a.m. & 2 p.m. (Sundays at 9 a.m. only)\n\nSailings from Macao Daily at 8 a.m. & 2 p.m. (Sun. at 5 p.m. only)\n\nFurther information may be obtained at the Company's office, 4A Des Voeux Road Central, Messrs. Thos. Cook & Son or the American Express Company, Hongkong.\n\nTHE\n\nHONGKONG\n\nTELEGRAPH.\n\nFRIDAY.\n\nShipping to Europe, Australia, and other Ports.\n\nN. Y. K.\n\nSAILINGS SUBJECT TO ALTERATION,\n\nVICTORIA, SEATTLE & VANCOUVER via S'hai & Japan ports\n\nThrough Bills of Lading issued to all Overland Common Points in U.S.A & Canada\n\n \n Steamer\n Sailing\n Destination\n \n \n SHIDZUOKA MARU\n Saturday, 30th Sept., at 11 am\n \n \n \n YOKOHAMA MARU\n Monday, 23rd Oct., at 11 am\n \n KASHIMA MARU\n Friday, 29th Sept. at 11a.m.\n MARSEILLES, LONDON & ANTWERP via Singanore, &c.\n \n \n HAKONE MARU\n Friday, 13th Oct. at 11 am\n \n \n \n MATSUMOTO MARU\n Thursday, 28th September.\n LIVERPOOL via MARSEILLES\n \n \n TOYOHASHI MARU\n 17th Oct. at 11 a.m.\n SYDNEY & MELBOURNE via Manila, &c.\n \n \n YOSHINO MARU\n Tuesday, 26th Sept. at 11 a.m.\n \n \n \n AKI MARU\n Tuesday, 3rd Oct. at 11 a.m.\n NEW YORK VIA PANAMA\n \n \n SANUKI MARU\n Monday, 25th September.\n CALCUTTA via Singapore, Penang & Rangoon\n \n \n MORICKA MARU\n Friday, 29th Sept.\n BOMBAY via Singapore, Penang & Colombo\n \n \n AKI MARU\n Friday, 13th Oct. at 11a.m.\n NAGASAKI, KOBE & YOKOHAMA\n \n \n TOTTORI M.\n Saturday, 23rd Sept.\n SHANGHAI, KOBE & YOKOHAMA\n \n \n FUSHIMI MARU\n Thursday, 28th Sept. at 11 a.m.\n \n \n\nFor further information apply to Tel. Central Nos. 292 & 293.\n\nNIPPON YUSEN KAISHA.\n\nK. H. KAMEI, Manager.\n\nSEPTEMBER 22, 1922.\n\nCOASTAL\n\nSHIPPING.\n\nINDO CHINA STEAM\n\n309\n\n11\n\nSHIPPING NEWS.\n\nSYDNEY'S PILFERAGE LOST\n\nThe annual loss at the port of Sydney through pillaging of cargo\n\nNAVIGATION CO., LTD.\n\nSAILINGS SUBJECT TO ALTERATION.\n\n \n Steamer\n Sailing\n Destination\n \n \n Yuensang\n Sat. 23rd Sept. at 3 p.m.\n MANILA\n \n \n Chipshing\n Tues. 26th Sept. at 4 p.m.\n TIENTSIN\n \n \n Wingsang\n Tues. 26th Sept. at noon\n T'TAO via S'tow & S'hai\n \n \n Drufar\n Tues, 26th Sept. at noon\n BANGKOK via Swatow\n \n \n Mingsang\n Wed. 27th Sept. at 8 a.m.\n HAIPHONG via Hoihow\n \n \n Fooksang\n Wed. 27th Sept. at 3 p.m.\n STRAITS & Calcutta\n \n \n Yatching\n Thurs. 28th Sept. at noon\n T'TAO via S'tow & S'hai\n \n \n Mausang\n Sat. 30th Sept. at 2 p.m.\n SANDAKAN\n \n \n Hangsang\n Sun. 1st Oct. at noon\n T'TAO via Stow & S'hai\n \n \n Kutsang\n Tues. 3rd Oct. at 3 p.m.\n STRAITS & Calcutta\n \n \n Laisang\n Thurs. 5th Oct. at noon\n KOBE\n \n\nCALCUTTA LINE:-This Line now affords regular sailings to Calcutta, Penang and Singapore; Returning from Calcutta steamers proceed via Straits and Hongkong to Japan occasionally calling at Shanghai.\n\nfrom ships is considered to be not less than £500,000 yearly.\n\nSECOND MATE'S CERTIFICATE\n\nDuring the year ended June 30 last 1,974 candidates were examined at Home for certificates of competency as second mates. 829 were successful.\n\nSOOCHOW SHIPPING. A total of 4.293 vessels, aggregating 188,948 tons, entered and cleared at the Custom House during 1921 as compared with 4031 vessels, aggregating 189,859 tons, during 1920.\n\nGERMANY BUYS JAPANESE STEAMER.\n\nThe Japanese s. Shimpo Maru, 4,392 gross tons, has been purchased by Messrs. Schroser, Holcken and Fischer, of E\n\nSHANGHAI LINE: Sailings approximately every three days between Canton and Shanghai, sometimes calling at Swatow. Through Bills of Lading are issued for all to Northern and Yangtsze Ports via Shanghai.\n\nAll steamers have excellent passenger accommodation, are fitted with Electric Light & Fans and carry a fully qualified Surgeon.\n\nstated to have been re-christened the Harald.\n\nMANILA LINE-A weekly service is maintained with Manila by vessels with good passenger accommodation, sailing from both ports every Friday.\n\nHAIPHONG LINE:-Sailings, approximately weekly for passengers and cargo, calling at Hoihow when inducement offers.\n\nBORNEO LINE:-Fortnightly sailings to and from Sandakan by two 5,000 ton steamers s.s.\" HINSANG\" & \" MAUSANG \"\n\nboth steamers having excellent passenger accommodation.\n\nCargo taken on through Bills of Lading for Kudat, Jesselton, Labuan, Tawao and Lahad Datu.\n\nDODWELL & CO., LTD.\n\nTIENTSIN LINE-A regular service is run from March to Nov.\n\nREGULAR SAILINGS TO NEW YORK & BOSTON\n\nFOR NEW YORK & BOSTON.\n\nLLOYD TRIESTINO.\n\nTaking cargo on through Bills of Lading for Levant. Black Sea and Danube Ports.\n\nFIUME having been re-opened for traffic, cargo is also accepted for this port on through Bills of Lading.\n\nFOR SHANGHAI.\n\nS.S. \"TRIESTE “\n\nSailing on or about 5th October.\n\nFor BRINDISI, VENICE & TRIESTE.\n\nVia Singapore, Penang and Colombo.\n\nS.S. \"PERSIA \"\n\nS.S. \"TRIESTE\"\n\nSailing on or about 22nd September.\n\nSailing on or about 22nd October.\n\nPassengers Luggage can be insured at the office of the Agents.\n\nNATAL LINE OF STEAMERS.\n\nRegular Passenger and Cargo Service.\n\nFROM CALCUTTA TO SOUTH AFRICAN PORTS.\n\nS.S. \"UMLAZI \"\n\nSailing on or about 31st October.\n\nThrough Bills of Lading issued from Hongkong.\n\nFor Freight or Passage on any of the above Lines apply to:-\n\nDODWELL & CO., LTD.,\n\nAgents.\n\nTelephone Central 1030.\n\nAUSTRALIAN ORIENTAL LINE.\n\nHONGKONG TO PHILIPPINES & AUSTRALIAN PORTS.\n\nSAILING (SUBJECT TO ALTERATION)\n\n \n Steamer\n Arrives Hongkong from Australia\n Leaves Hongkong for Australia\n \n \n TAIYUAN\n 28th Sept.\n 3rd Oct.\n \n \n CHANGSHA\n 15th Oct.\n 20th Oct.\n \n\nThis steamer is fitted with Refrigerating machinery, ensuring\n\nbetween H'kong & Tientsin calling at Weihaiwei & Chefoo, plan. The Shipping Board suggested the plan to preserve the rates after the recent disruptions and disorganizing of the Eastern freight shipments. when the Atlantic Conference declare i open rates. A later report av that fourteen steamship es. plying between American N Atlantic and Far Eastern ports, have drawn up a schedule f freights, which is stated to b higher than the present rate. They have also agreed to deposit a sum of $25,000 each as a guarantee of the maintenan the schedule.\n\nCREW'S \"SMOKE-ABLES\"\n\nRecently in the House of Commons a member asked the President of the Board of Trade a question relative to the prices charged to ships' crews for cigarettes and tobacco. According to this querier, there \"M certain stij masters who compel those on board to\n\nSHANGHAI LINE.-PASSENGERS, MAILS AND CARGO.\n\nExcellent Saloon accommodation amidships. Electric Fans in Saloon and State-rooms. Regular schedule service between Canton, Hongkong and Shanghai (thrice weekly) and Tsingtao (weekly), taking Cargo on through Bills of Lading to all Yangtsze, and Northern China Ports. Passengers are Landed in Shanghai avoiding the inconvenience of transhipment at Woosung.\n\nBANGKOK LINE.-Weekly service to and from B'kok via 'tow.\n\nFor Freight or Passage apply to\n\nBUTTERFIELD & SWIRE, (John Swire & Sons, Ltd.)\n\nAGENTS.\n\nTelephone Central No. 36. Cargo and baggage can be insured at the above office.\n\nDOUGLAS STEAMSHIP CO. LTD.\n\nand\n\nHONGKONG & SOUTH CHINA COAST PORTS SERVICE.\n\nRegular Service of Fast, High Class Coast Steamers having a plentiful supply of ice, fresh provisions etc. and has superior good accommodation for First Class Passengers. Electric Light throughout and Electric Fans in the State-rooms. A duly qualified Doctor is carried. Reduced Fares. Cargo booked through to all Australian. New Zealand and Tasmanian ports.\n\nFor Freight and Passage apply to\n\nTelephone Central No. 36.\n\nButterfield & Swire. JOHN SWIRE, & SON, LTD.) Agents.\n\nFor Swatow, Amoy and Foochow and Returns, (Occupying 9 to 10 days,) Steamships.\n\nCaptain. Leaving. Haiching... J. S. Thomson ... | SUN..\n\n24th Sept. at 11 a.m. Haihong .. W. C. Passmore\n\nFRI, 29th Sept. at 1 p.m. Haifoong... W. S. Turnbull... | FRI., 29th Sept. at p.m.\n\nArrivals and Departures from the Co's Wharf (dear Blake Pier.)\n\nFor Freight and Passage, apply to\n\n\"ELLERMAN\" LINE.\n\n(Ellerman & Bucknall S. S. Co., Ltd.)\n\nUNITED KINGDOM & CONTINENT SERVICE.\n\n \n Vessel\n OUTWARDS\n HOMEWARDS\n \n \n \"City of Tokio\n S'hai, Kobe & Yokohama. 20th Oct.\n \n \n \n \"City of Sydney\"\n \n 10th Oct. L'don, Alwerp, R'dam, H'burg. G’gow\n \n \n \"City of Paris\"\n Mid. Dec.\n Marseilles & London\n \n \n \"City of York\"\n Beg. Feb.\n \n \n \n \"City of Simla \"\n Mud, March.\n \n \n \n \"City of Poona\"\n Mid. April.\n \n \n\nPASSENGER SERVICE.\n\nSubject to change without notice.\n\nFor further particulars apply to\n\nREISS & CO.\n\nCANTON.\n\nDouglas Lapraik & Co., General Managers.\n\nbe left to shipowners and masters to take action.\n\nAN OLD-TIME CAPTAIN\n\nThe following is culler ** the Syren anul Shipping The late Captain \"Tom \"Dutton mas in his day one of those tine a men whose sterling chara ter and sound navigational ski...com tributed so largely to the enviable reputation which the hard Line enjoys Atlantic voy acers. We made several passages ar ago with Captain Dutton in the old Umbria, and have Many pleasant recollections, both of the ship and her commander. He was a typical British sailo bluff, courteous, and cool an emergency. During his 32 rear of service with the Cunard Cor-pany he commanded many of their well-known liners, and h was in command of the inhr when he retired some 20 -\n\nOld Cunarders will re bar the late Captain Drzys famous \"mosquito net,\" was one of the institutions tr Umbria. Many tales are tid o\n\nago.\n\nNANYO YUSEN KAISHA.\n\nthis old sea.dog. One fine ...\n\nThe South Sea Mail S.S. Co., Ltd.)\n\nREGULAR FORTNIGHTLY SERVICE between\n\nJAPAN, HONGKONG & JAVA.\n\nFor Batavia, Samarang & Sourabaya.\n\nS.S. SAMARANG MARU\n\nSailing on or about 26th Sept.\n\nFor Moji, Kobe & Yokohama.\n\nS.S. CHERIBON MARU\n\nSailing on or about 24th Sept.\n\nFor further particulars please apply to:-\n\nTHE BANK LINE, LTD.\n\n(Tel. Central 80).\n\nTel. Central No. 2206. Second Floor, Prince's Building.\n\nK. SUZUKI, Manager.\n\nday morning in mid-Atlan: fe appeared on deck in full rezal -white cap cover, white trou etc. A lady passenger meeting him said: 'Good morning Captain, I see you've got clea white trousers ou.\" madam,\" was the reply, and i hope you have, too.\"\n\nKIANGSU EDUCATORS'\n\nAPPEAL\n\nTO PEKING,\n\nThe Educational Association of Kiangsu has sent a telegraphic appeal to the Peking Government asking that a stricter enforcement of the Presidential Mandates against lotteries be made. These Mandates prohibiting lotteries : China bave not been obeyed the merchants of Kiangsu a they have even gone to the ends of requesting the local authorities to suspend the operation of the..", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 493651, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922", "page_number": 42, "title": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922", "content_text": "PAGE 39\n\nINTERNATIONAL OPIUM CONVENTION, 1912.\n\nStatement of Action taken by the British Government.\n\n(Note. The action taken by the Indian Government is dealt with in full in a pamphlet issued by the India Office and entitled “The Truth about Indian Opium,\" and is accordingly not referred to in this pamphlet.)\n\nCONTENTS.\n\nI. Before the War\n\nII. During the War\n\nIII. The Treaties of Peace\n\nIV. The Enforcement of the Opium Convention\n\nV. The Work of the Opium Advisory Committee of the League of Nations\n\nVI. Opium Smoking in British Colonies\n\nPAGE\n\nPART I. BEFORE THE WAR.\n\nThe International Opium Conference, at which Great Britain was represented, met at the Hague in 1911-12, and the International Opium Convention, 1912, which was the result of the Conference, and which provided for control over the production, manufacture, distribution, etc., of opium, prepared opium, medicinal opium, morphine, diamorphine (heroin), cocaine, and their salts and preparations, was ratified by the British Government on July 15th, 1914, on behalf of the whole British Empire. Unfortunately, before any further steps could be taken to bring the Convention into force, the European War supervened, and the whole question remained in abeyance till the end of the war.\n\nUp to this time the only restrictions in force in the United Kingdom on the traffic in these drugs were the general restrictions relating to the sale of poisons which were contained in the Poisons and Pharmacy Acts. There was no control over the import, export or manufacture of the drugs.\n\nPART II. DURING THE WAR.\n\nAs part of the general war measures, the export of a large number of articles, including the drugs to which the Convention applies, was prohibited except under licence, and was controlled during the whole period of the war.\n\nFurther, in 1916, in view of the spread of the cocaine habit among the troops, British and others, in this country and also of difficulties caused by attempts to smuggle opium out to China, it became necessary for the Government to take measures to control the traffic in these two drugs. A Proclamation was accordingly issued, prohibiting the import of these drugs except under licence, and a Regulation was made under the Defence of the Realm Act restricting the right to obtain or be in possession of the drugs to authorized persons, and only allowing the supply of cocaine for medical purposes to persons for whom it had been prescribed by a medical practitioner. The sale of raw opium to the public and the manufacture, sale or use of\n\n* It may be mentioned here that special efforts are made by British shipping companies to prevent the smuggling of opium on board their vessels by sailors and others. As great ingenuity is displayed in concealing opium, extremely careful searches have to be carried out. For instance, one steamship line requires a general search to take place at intervals, especially before arrival at China, United States, &c., Ports, and the head of each Department is required to certify, in detail, that every part of the ship under his charge has been thoroughly searched.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 493680, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922", "page_number": 71, "title": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922", "content_text": "INTERNATIONAL OPIUM CONVENTION, 1912.\n\nStatement of Action taken by British Government.\n\n68\n\nINTERNATIONAL OPIUM CONVENTION, 1912.\n\nStatement of Action taken by the British Government.\n\n(Note. The action taken by the Indian Government is dealt with in full in a pamphlet issued by the India Office and entitled \"The Truth about Indian Opium,\" and is accordingly not referred to in this pamphlet.)\n\nCONTENTS.\n\nPART I.—Before the War\n\nPART II.—During the War\n\nIII.—The Treaties of Peace ...\n\nIV.—The Enforcement of the Opium Convention\n\nV.—The Work of the Opium Advisory Committee of the League of Nations\n\nVI.—Opium Smoking in British Colonies ...\n\nPAGE\n\n3\n\n3\n\n5\n\n6\n\n6\n\n7\n\nPART I.—BEFORE THE WAR.\n\nThe International Opium Conference, at which Great Britain was represented, met at the Hague in 1911-12, and the International Opium Convention, 1912, which was the result of the Conference, and which provided for control over the production, manufacture, distribution, etc., of opium, prepared opium, medicinal opium, morphine, diamorphine (heroin), cocaine, and their salts and preparations, was ratified by the British Government on July 15th, 1914, on behalf of the whole British Empire. Unfortunately, before any further steps could be taken to bring the Convention into force, the European War supervened, and the whole question remained in abeyance till the end of the war.\n\nUp to this time the only restrictions in force in the United Kingdom on the traffic in these drugs were the general restrictions relating to the sale of poisons which were contained in the Poisons and Pharmacy Acts. There was no control over the import, export or manufacture of the drugs.\n\nPART II.—DURING THE WAR.\n\nAs a part of the general war measures, the export of a large number of articles, including the drugs to which the Convention applies, was prohibited except under licence, and was controlled during the whole period of the war.\n\nFurther, in 1916, in view of the spread of the cocaine habit among the troops, British and others, in this country and also of difficulties caused by attempts to smuggle opium out to China, it became necessary for the Government to take measures to control the traffic in these two drugs. A Proclamation was accordingly issued, prohibiting the import of these drugs except under licence, and a Regulation was made under the Defence of the Realm Act restricting the right to obtain or be in possession of the drugs to authorized persons, and only allowing the supply of cocaine for medical purposes to persons for whom it had been prescribed by a medical practitioner. The sale of raw opium to the public and the manufacture, sale or use of\n\n*It may be mentioned here that special efforts are made by British shipping companies to prevent the smuggling of opium on board their vessels by sailors and others. As great ingenuity is displayed in concealing opium, extremely careful searches have to be carried out. For instance, one steamship line requires a general search to take place at intervals, especially before arrival at China, United States, &c., Ports, and the head of each Department is required to certify, in detail, that every part of the ship under his charge has been thoroughly searched. Special watchmen are also employed with a view to detecting any attempts to smuggle opium on board.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 496919, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-483 - Others & Individuals - 1923", "page_number": 165, "title": "CO129-483 - Others & Individuals - 1923", "content_text": "## 161\n\nThe Hon. W.G.A. Ormsby-Gore M.P.\n\n18th November, 1923.\n\nIt is very satisfactory to note that on the controversial question of self-disinfection, after having considered all the evidence, the Committee of the Legislative Council concurred in the views of the National Council, which have since been endorsed by the Committee of Enquiry on Venereal Diseases which sat under the Chairmanship of Lord Trevethin.\n\nWe should be glad to forward to members of the Legislative Council Committee, or to forward to you for transmission to them, copies of this Report, of which a copy is attached hereto.\n\n5. In view of the divergence of opinion and of administration that exists in the Crown Colonies and Protectorates with reference to the application of the Brothel Act and from our own experience on the Commissions, as to the divergence of point of view of the Legislative Councils and the Commissioners of Police as to the desirability, or otherwise, of regulated prostitution as a means of reducing the incidence of venereal disease, we feel it would be of great assistance to those entrusted with the responsibilities of Colonial Administration, if the Colonial Office could issue a memorandum giving the existing evidence as to the relationship between venereal diseases and prostitution, and setting out the evidence against brothel keeping from the public health standpoint.\n\nIf it would be of any service to the Colonial Office, we would be prepared to suggest to the National Council that they should appoint a group of experts to prepare the draft of such a memorandum to be submitted to you and which might serve as a groundwork, if such a memorandum could eventually be issued by the Colonial Office.\n\n8.\n\nIn the meantime, we see that in Hong Kong the Administrative Authorities lean towards the regulation of prostitution as a beneficial measure in the interests of public health, but we note that they ignore one of the recommendations of the Commission to which we attach great importance, and that is the position of the brothels used by Europeans.\n\nWe realise it may take some time for the authorities to alter their point of view as to regulation being a desirable system, but we feel convinced that as the object of segregation and regulation is to group prostitutes into the less accessible parts of the town, they should consider removing the Fraser brothel area from its present position. It now occupies a cross street running from the front of the harbour, a corner of the street being occupied by the Sailor's Home, the other end of the street opening on to the main road down which all members of H.M. Forces have to pass to reach their recreation ground.\n\nWe would like to suggest that pending the change of policy from regulation to suppression, the brothel area should be removed to a much less accessible quarter of the town.\n\nThe most important point on which we were at variance with the opinion expressed by the members of the Legislative Council Committee was that the matter of the accessibility of women to ships \"is one that should be left to the police and the shipping companies to deal with\".\n\nAfter the Conference between our Commissions, the then Harbourmaster Commander Beckwith, and the Attorney General, and after consultation with a representative of the Chamber of Commerce, the Attorney General drew up the following recommendations which were agreed to by the Harbourmaster and the Vice-Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce, and were submitted to His Excellency the Governor.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-483 - Others & Individuals - 1923.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 497874, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12]", "page_number": 46, "title": "CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12]", "content_text": "# Enclosure 3\n\nCopy.\n\n**Hongkong General Chamber of Commerce**\n10th July, 1924.\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of the Government's letter `No.4955/1906`, dated 7th June, with enclosures requesting the views of the Chamber on the suggestion that steps should now be taken for the introduction of some scheme on the lines of the Merchant Shipping (Wireless Telegraphy) Act 1919, modified to meet the special circumstances of the China Coast.\n\n2. The enclosures to the Government's letter have been read with interest, especially Enclosure 2, the Minute of the Conference held at Shanghai on 24th April, 1924. Messrs. Sheppard and Shaw appear to have set forth cogently the objections to the provisions of the 1919 Act, following, in what they said, the views already expressed by this Chamber.\n\n3. The Chamber, therefore, has little to add to the letter it addressed to the Government on the 7th September, 1921, except to urge, once more, the importance of ensuring that any legislation which may be enacted does not penalise British shipping in relation to Foreign competitors.\n\n4. It is hoped that there is no need to further emphasize the necessity for any legislation that is enacted making permissible the employment of Chinese wireless operators. It would appear impracticable to ...\n\nThe Honourable \nThe Colonial Secretary, \nHONGKONG.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 497875, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12]", "page_number": 47, "title": "CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12]", "content_text": "## Enclosure 2\n\nCopy\n\nNo.4955/1908.\nCOD.No.41 of 21.2.1974\n\nSir,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office,\nHongkong.\n7th June, 1924.\n\nWith reference to my letter of the 23rd of May, 1924, and previous correspondence on the subject,\n\nI am directed to enclose for the consideration of your Chamber copies of a despatch from the Secretary of State for the Colonies relating to compulsory Wireless Telegraphy on British ships on the China Coast, and of a memorandum on the proceedings of a Conference on the subject held at Shanghai on the 24th of April.\n\nI am to request the views of your Chamber on the suggestion that steps should now be taken for the introduction of some scheme on the lines of the Merchant Shipping (Wireless Telegraph) Act 1919, modified to suit the special circumstances of the China Coast.\n\nI am, etc.,\n\n**CLAUD SEVERN**,\nColonial Secretary.\n\nThe Secretary,\nHongkong General Chamber of Commerce.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 497877, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12]", "page_number": 49, "title": "CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12]", "content_text": "## Compulsory Wireless Telegraphy on British Ships on the China Coast\n\nA conference was held at Shanghai on 24th April 1924 at which were present:\n\n* Sir Skinner Turner, Judge of His Majesty's Supreme Court for China,\n* Mr. J. H. Kemp, Attorney General, Hongkong,\n* Mr. S. Barton, His Majesty's Consul-General and Registrar of Shipping, Shanghai,\n* Mr. W. G. Sheppard, of Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Company, Limited,\n* Mr. T. H. R. Shaw, of Messrs. Butterfield & Swire.\n\nMessrs. Sheppard and Shaw stated that the Indo-China Steam Navigation Company and the China Navigation Company were already preparing to install wireless on their coastal steamers plying on routes where large numbers of passengers were carried and had established at Hongkong a school for training Chinese and British subjects as operators.\n\nReference was made to the correspondence which had passed between the Harbour Master and the Hongkong Chamber of Commerce in 1921 on the subject of the adoption at Hongkong of the Merchant Shipping (Wireless Telegraph) Act 1919, and Messrs. Sheppard and Shaw stated that in regard to coasting vessels running out of Shanghai and other China ports, their views were in agreement with those expressed by the Hongkong Chamber. They objected to the adoption of the provisions of the 1919 Act for the following reasons:\n\n| Reason | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (i) | The classification of ships on the basis of the nature of the voyage for the purpose of determining the type of apparatus and number of operators to be carried was not suited to the peculiar conditions prevailing on the China Coast. |\n| (ii) | The expense involved in the employment of white operators... |\n\nPage 36", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 497879, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12]", "page_number": 51, "title": "CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12]", "content_text": "## B \n\nDuring this time it is probable that installations will be voluntarily introduced on a large proportion of the craft concerned, so that it will then be possible to enforce any necessary legislation with much less friction and opposition on the part of the shipping interests than would be the case at present. Also, the measures which are at present being taken for the training of operators should by then have resulted in a supply of competent operators essential for the carrying out of the policy.\n\n## B \nThe question of the nationality of the operators is referred to both in the enclosed memorandum of the Conference at Shanghai and in the letter from the Chamber of Commerce. It would, of course, be out of the question to attempt to limit the issue of operators' licences to persons of European race, especially since many of the ships concerned are Chinese owned; and in the special circumstances of the China Coast, there seems very little to be gained by attempting to enforce a nationality test in accordance with the instructions in Lord Harcourt's Confidential Circular despatch of the 17th of January, 1913, since the distinction between Chinese who are in a position to claim British nationality and those who are not is of very little importance from the point of view of securing the objects indicated in that despatch, which in North China... while the difficulty of finding operators who could claim British nationality would probably be considerable.\n\n6. \nAs you are aware, this question of nationality is a very difficult one in China owing to the fact that Chinese really possess a dual nationality, and it has hitherto been the policy of the British Authorities to avoid giving documents admitting British nationality, except to persons of established reputation and with special claims to consideration. Therefore, both on grounds of convenience and... \n\nPage 38", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 498354, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-486 - Public Offices - 1924", "page_number": 23, "title": "CO129-486 - Public Offices - 1924", "content_text": "## f 4 \n·2408 \n\nSir, \n\nAny further communication should be addressed to:- \n\nThe Secretary of the Admiralty, \nLondon, S.W. I, \nquoting `M. 4601`. \nC.O. `53488` \n22 \nL. P. No. 8. \n14 NOV 24 \n\n**Admiralty, S. W. 1.** \n13th November \n34 \n1924. \n\nWith reference to your letter No. `42808` of 7th October, I am commanded by My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to acquaint you, for the information of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, that they do not consider it advisable to withdraw the instructions issued to the Governor of Hong Kong regarding the nationality of wireless operators on board seagoing British ships. \n\nMy Lords consider that, in order to protect merchant ships against enemy action, facilitated by treachery in the period immediately preceding an outbreak of war, and against piracy at all times on the China coast, it is not only necessary that ships of the usual tonnage and passenger-carrying capacity be fitted for W. T. but also that the operators be British subjects, though not necessarily European-born. \n\nMy Lords agree that other nations should, if possible, be induced to fall into line, and consider that the matter should be pressed at the meetings of the International Shipping Conference but They are of opinion that in any case British policy should be as stated above. \n\nI am, Sir, \nYour obedient Servant, \n**S&Marrach** \nfor Secretary \nHer Secretary of State, \nColonial Office.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-486 - Public Offices - 1924.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 498430, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-486 - Public Offices - 1924", "page_number": 99, "title": "CO129-486 - Public Offices - 1924", "content_text": "# 1924 HONG KONG\n\nFOR CIRCULATION:— \n\n**DATE** 5 MAY 24 \n\n**Piracy.** \n\n**Perm U.S. of S.** \n**Part U.S. of S.** \n**Secretary of State.**\n\nPrevious Paper \n\nI have thought it best to ask Mr. ... to experience his report on the matter, and suggest that, on receipt of this report, an inter-departmental conference may be convened to consider what remedies should be applied. Dealing with the matter where he conferred be shall be held at C.O. or F.O.\n\n## MINUTES\n\nof these 5 new papers, the only one reprising Cove (20544) is very well presented, including a detailed summary of the recent piracies, copies of the old & new Ordinance River regulations (rubbed out), and a clear statement of the reasons for objecting to various regulations.\n\nSpeaking to that Tel. to Gov. Cons. 12th May was Ans'd. (w/ copy above) - 15 MAY 1924 \nCopy (w/copy) to A.S.M. Fletcher - 23 MAY 1924 \nCopy (w/copy) to Wo. Adey \n\n1.0. Treas. B./T.\n\nSubsequent Paper \n\n`GR1178/1922/32(III)` \n70 \n21503 \n22811 \n18624 \n27 \n66,000 \n11/28– McC– E 263 \n\nThe remedy for the unsatisfactory state of the Guards was formed in engaging other men who were properly trained and have the required \"martial spirit\" & communication to combat piracy in shipping imaginations.\n\nendeavouring to do so...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-486 - Public Offices - 1924.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 498432, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-486 - Public Offices - 1924", "page_number": 101, "title": "CO129-486 - Public Offices - 1924", "content_text": "## FOREIGN OFFICE \n### S.W.1. \n### 3rd May, 1924.\n\nSir, \n\nWith reference to your letter No.17671/24 of the 22nd April last, I am directed by Mr. Secretary Ramsay MacDonald to state that he has received a letter, dated March 17th last, from the Head Office at Shanghai of the Marine Engineers Guild of China, calling attention to the need for the better protection of British shipping on the China coast in the vicinity of Hongkong. It is understood that a similar letter has been addressed to the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nMr. Ramsay MacDonald views with some anxiety the possibility, indicated by this and other complaints of the alleged failure of the authorities concerned to cope with what appears to be an increase of lawlessness in these waters, that a serious situation may arise in which the provision of an effective remedy will become a matter of urgency. That would no doubt be a matter of great difficulty: and moreover it might call for the co-operation of the Chinese authorities. For this and other reasons it would raise important international questions.\n\nI am therefore to suggest that an exchange of views on the whole subject between the various departments of His Majesty's Government concerned (i.e. the Colonial Office, the Admiralty, the War Office, the India Office, the Board of Trade and the Treasury) is desirable at the earliest practicable moment; and that an inter-departmental conference to explore the complicated questions involved...\n\nThe Under Secretary of State, Colonial Office.\n\nin any further communication on this subject, please quote `No. F 1330/30/10` and address, but not to any person by name, **The Under-Secretary of State**, Foreign Office, London, S. W. 1.\n\nC.O. `21100` \n### 5 MAY 24 \n\nPage metadata: \n- `170 17641` \n- `19401` \n\nwas removed as it does not form part of the main body of text.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-486 - Public Offices - 1924.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 500433, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-489 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]", "page_number": 144, "title": "CO129-489 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]", "content_text": "The CANTON GAZETTE.\n\n廣州日報\n\nRegistered at the Post Office as a Newspaper\n\nVol III 485 CANTON, CHINA, 民國十四年八月十二日星期三 WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 12 1925,\n\nSingle Copy: 10 Cts. $2.00 A Month #24.00 A Year\n\n## Municipal Council And Canton's Civic Progress\n\n### Stability and Progress.\n\nThe inauguration of the Municipal Council on Monday deserves comment. Despite the extraordinary situation in which this city and this province are placed in consequence of the barbarous acts of the subjects of certain Foreign Powers, the people, under competent leadership, are moving, and moving steadily, in their progress towards civic betterment.\n\n### SIGNIFICANT GESTURE\n\nWhat is the significance of the ceremony on Monday when the Councillors took the oath of office and assumed their corporate responsibility as a Municipal Council? Their gesture was an assurance of confidence to the people of Canton city and a challenge to our foes within and without. As representative citizens of the city, they indicate their faith and confidence in the stability of the new democratic order ushered in on July the First, and are prepared to co-operate actively and intimately with the Executive to build the Greater Canton that shall worthily uphold the proud and ancient eminence of Canton as the Queen City of the South.\n\nLet it be carefully noted that the Municipal Council which has just been instituted is not merely an **ADVISORY** body, but a **SUPERVISORY** and **LEGISLATIVE** organ, responsible for the general direction of the activities of the City Government. The Municipal Council as now constituted is charged with power to enact such laws and regulations as usually fall within the scope of modern Municipal Governments. Upon the Municipal Council will rightly devolve the problems of Municipal Taxation, Revenue and Expenditure. The Council is to meet at regular sessions to deliberate and pass upon the measures which the Executive Commissioners propose for the efficient conduct of the affairs of the Municipality.\n\n### PUBLIC CONFIDENCE AND SUPPORT\n\nScarcely fifty days have elapsed since the new City Mayor and his associate Commissioners took up office. With a practically empty treasury confronting them, they put their shoulders resolutely to their tasks. It did not take long for the evidence of Municipal activity to become apparent to the people: the daily sanitary work of the city has since been performed to the evident satisfaction of the people, and the mending of the public roads is proceeding apace despite temporary difficulties in obtaining materials. The educational difficulties, which have long been chronic, are being grappled with systematically, and soon it is hoped that the City's public school system will be placed on a sound footing. The police have got rid of the troops which had been quartering within the city.\n\nBut whatever progress has been made in the short period since the new City Commissioners took up office, has been largely due to the confidence and goodwill which the people, through its representative citizens, have shown towards the new Government. Without the financial assistance provided by the new Municipal loan, it would not have been possible to set the Municipal machinery going with such comparative smoothness and absence of friction.\n\nAnd it is an earnest of the better days that are now before us, when we see representative citizens, chosen equitably from the chief groups of a complex community - from the fields of commerce, labour, agriculture, education and the liberal professions - ready and willing to undertake the responsibility of Municipal Government for the common welfare of the community.\n\n## Tang Chi-yao Leaving Yunnan.\n\nGeneral Ching Chin Inspects Troops.\n\n## Commerce Leaders on Trade Permits.\n\n### Meeting Of The 4 Chambers Of Commerce To Discuss The Question Of Special Permits For Transportation Of Goods---Resolution Passed.\n\nThe General Chamber of Commerce, on account of the issue of Special Permits by the Commerce Department for the transportation of goods, which, in their opinion, would cause all sorts of obstacles for merchants, called the Presidents and Representatives of the Union of Merchants Association, the City Chamber of Commerce and the Cooperative Merchants Association, in a joint meeting on the 10th instant.\n\nThe meeting was attended by over fifty thousand persons. Flags with mottoes such as \"Down with the Lin Hu, Hong Chao-lin and Tang Poon-yan rebels,\" etc. were everywhere. A full report will be published tomorrow.\n\n## New Rules For Coast Shipping.\n\nSince the outbreak of economic war with the imperialists and blockade of the seaports, the Hongkong Government has received instructions to regard coastal navigation. And all the anti-imperialist unions of the whole province have been notified to act according to the following rules duly drawn up:\n\n1. Steamers of any nationality except British or Japanese are allowed to run to and from any of the various ports, provided they will not call at Hongkong.\n2. Upon entering port, steamers must positively be subject to the inspection of the labour or picket corps of the anti-imperialist unions.\n3. No export of food stuff or any other raw material from the inland districts is allowed.\n\n## Demonstration And Parade To Urge Suppression of Rebels.\n\nIn order to combat the machinations of the Imperialists, it is necessary firstly to put down the counter-revolutionaries and tools of Imperialism; a huge provincial demonstration parade was held on the instant. The labour unions are prepared to carry on a long struggle till final victory is attained by the people.\n\n## Conference Of Chaochaw And Swatow Natives Residing At Canton.\n\nIn view of the public excitement on account of the illegal taxations and extortions on the part of Chen Chiung-ming's generals, a meeting was held at twelve o'clock yesterday by all circles in Canton to urge immediate action by the Government. A conference was held at the Hall of Canton University, for a conference to discuss the matter of urging the Government to put down Chen Chiung-ming's forces, and to restore the control of Swatow, etc. Those present were the representatives of the Swatow and Chaochow Reconstruction Association, the Taipo Public Assembly, Sin Ling Tung Society, the Fungshun Public Assembly at Canton, the Chaochow and Swatow Students Union of the Canton University, etc.\n\nThe conference was opened at half past two o'clock in the afternoon, and Mr. Chau Loo was elected Chairman. The meeting began at 3:50 in the afternoon; Mr. Woo Chung Tong, Vice President of the General Chamber of Commerce, presided and announced the formation of the meeting. He said, in a brief statement, that they were requested to attend the meeting to discuss the question of abolition of the issue of Special Permits for the transportation of goods, as petitions have repeatedly been received to that effect.\n\nThe following resolutions were passed:\n1. That the various organizations of Chaochow, etc., be united together to form a powerful organized Body, so as to deal with Chen Chiung-ming's forces, and to plan progressive methods for the future reconstruction of the Chaochow districts.\n2. That the natives of Chaochow districts residing in Canton be all requested to participate enthusiastically in the great Parade, and to urge the Government to restore the control of Cha chow districts.\n3. That Preparatory Office towards the construction of the \"Joint Union of the Chaochow organizations in Canton\" be used on their participation in the Parade of the 11th August.\n\n## Form Branch Of Cooperative Aeroplane Association\n\nAt the Headquarters of the Defense troops under General Wu Toh-chen, a meeting was held to inaugurate a Branch of the Cooperative Aeroplane Association. There were present, Mr. Chen Pak-nin rendered his report on the present political administration of Chen Chiung-ming's generals in Cha chow, etc. General Wu Teh-chen announced that there is difficulty in the enforcement of such permits.\n\nMr. Liang Tso Hiang said that he had been sent by Commissioner Soong to discuss the obstacles in the Regulations governing the issue of such permits, and a request was made for abolition of such permits. Mr. Woo added that they (the representatives of the Chamber of Commerce and Unions of Merchants) had already held a meeting and expressed opinions and agreed that the points, regarding such permits, which require discussion.\n\nMr. Wong Kok Shing said that the Special Permits are suitable for imported goods, and it appears that exported goods would not be subject to these permits.\n\nMr. Cheung Fat Yu said that Commissioner Soong stated yesterday that the Special Permits do not apply to inland villages, but the local press had published an advertisement from the Pickets of the Workers.\n\n(Continued on Page 3)\n\n## Construction of Highways.\n\nAs previously reported, the Government, at the request of the strikers, has approved the plans for highways. The Bureau of Highway Construction proposes to construct firstly the highway to Whampoa by the strikers; at the same time a highway between Poon and Font Road will be built by disbanded soldiers. Preparations are being made for the organization.\n\nReceived Telegrams have been from Yunnan saying that Tang Chi-yao has decided to flee from Yunnan. General Fan Shek-sang's troops from Poshik city are marching on Yunnan and will soon capture the capital of that province. At the time, General Ching Chin went to the northern districts to inspect the troops there preparatory to dispatching them for service.\n\nGeneral Chiu Hi-chen's Kwangsi troops are bearing in on Tang Chi-yao from the north. Tang Chi-yao's troops driven out of Kwangsi cannot fight any more for they all know that the end of Tang Chi-yao's rule is come. Volunteers in Ta Li-fu have been planning to overthrow Tang and welcome General Fan Shek-sang. In all probability, there will be little fighting in Yunnan and will be ended upon the entry of General Fan's forces.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-489 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 500970, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-489N - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]", "page_number": 5, "title": "CO129-489N - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]", "content_text": "1 Powell L \n\nTelephone C. 457 \n\nUNDER NEW MANAGEMENT \n\nLADIES' \n\nLtd \n\nCHILDREN'S DEPTS. \n\nwe \n\nA \n\nTo make room for our New Goods, \n\nholding are SPECIAL CLEARANCE SALE in these Departments \n\nColossal reductions regardless \n\nof cost. \n\nBe sure you pay us \n\na visit during this week, August 22nd to August 29th. \n\nAN ENDOWMENT INSURANCE POLICY \n\nwill enable your family to redeem the mortgage \n\non your house if you die, and \n\nwill enable you to pay it yourself if you live. INSURE WITH \n\nCHINA UNDERWRITERS, LTD. \n\nAll Clauses of Life Insurance Business Transacted. \n\nLife Assurance Department. \n\n1. C. 1121. \n\nBt, George's Building. \n\nATTRACTIVE HANDBAGS \n\nFOR ALL OCCASIONS \n\nIN \n\nBATICK LEATHER \n\nSILK & SUEDE Also for Afternoon Wear and Many Dainty Novelties \n\nfor \n\nEvening Wear \n\nSMART NEW \n\nSOUTH CHINA MORNING \n\n“PHOMENE” \n\nFIRE APPLIANCES. \n\n\"BRITISH THEREFORE BEST** \n\nTwo Gallon Type. Extinguishers as shown above are absolutely necessary in districts where water facilities are limited. Avoid risks and install \"Phomene.\" \n\nAsk for Particulars. Sole Agents \n\nMUSTARD & CO. 16-17 Connaught Road Central Phone 1126. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT. \n\nPOST. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1926. \n\nPage 9 \n\nSHANGHAI ARMS SEIZURE. \n\nEX-ARMY OFFICER \n\nCHARGED. \n\nFRENCHMAN, GERMAN, AMERKAN AND CHINESE INVOLVED. \n\n(Our Own Correspondent.) \n\nShanghai, August 26. \n\nWEST RIVER PIRACY. \n\nSTANDARD OIL AGENT CAPTURED. \n\nTHE S.S. KWANG HUNG SEIZED AT KAU KONG. \n\nCANTON CHANGES. \n\nEFFECTS OF LIAO CHUNG-KAI'S DEATH. \n\n(From Correspondent.) \n\nCanton. August 23. It appears that the assassination of Liao Chang-kai, the late Bolshevik leader in Canton, is causing some serious changes in the political situation here. \n\nLu \n\n(An Occasional Correspondent.) \n\nWuchow, August 21. When the strike came into effect cutting off communication between \n\nIn connection with the French \n\nSongkong and Wuchow, the \n\nYau \n\naddition to the resignation of Wu \n\nder to recall him. Alternative \n\npolice seizure of arms and ammunition \n\nCompany of Hongkong Techen \n\nthe Police Commissioner, y, it can dismiss him directly. \n\ntion, estimated in value at $46,000 \n\nWuchow transferred several \n\nand the detention of Mei Kwang- \n\nThere are a number of cases in \n\nthere have been arrested Colonel \n\ntheir agents dying the Chinese \n\na Cantonese military consan \n\nwhich a diplomatic agent has \n\nJames Christie, a British \n\nany danger to the Canton-Wuchow \n\nservice. \n\nder, and several other military \n\nher recalled at the request of \n\nver, retired. Relegation \n\nCameral Daily \n\nadduhs have been maintain \n\nand police officers, as reported \n\nthe State in which he resides \n\nhavies \n\n15sch, alina Charles A. \n\ned. The weng Hung left Canton today, the case has also \n\ncatad for a breach of this rule. In \n\nNeed, an 1804, the Spanish Minister to \n\nperson & Frothman \n\nwatert ss usual, for Wuchow, striving of the City Executive Committee. \n\nAmerleen named on Tuesday morning August 18, the resignation of C. C. Wa, Chief \n\nthe United States, attempted to \n\nChrist formerly in the castonte \n\nser- Kan Keg at 9 are the same \n\nvenho tendered his resignation \n\nres- bribe a newspaper to publish \n\nan article in favour of Spain. with \n\nported to be the secretary of \n\nber of pirate ware travelling as its \n\nto accord protection to the de- \n\nroference to a dispute in \n\nGeneral Wong Tse-hua in whose \n\npassengers. When they opened fire \n\ncease high oficial press between \n\ntwe exuntries, aslan were discovered \n\n340,000 \n\nsimultaneously in various parts of; \n\nen the United Sutes anked for \n\nincluding a quantity of counter- \n\nthe ship, several steam launches \n\ntang party said to he suspected \n\nhis recall. For years later, the \n\ntatt tns which the police assert \n\ncame out from the river banks \n\n2 United States were again \n\nquesting the recall of a Minister \n\nas \n\nthe purchase money. The \n\nsarmmanded the steamer. In \n\nAmerican, French and British \n\nWix.] showong 1our \n\nThis time of Mr. Jackson, \n\nThe Courts when the eases \n\nBritish Ambasador, the charge \n\nbeing that in certain toaste given \n\nat pablle dinners he had charged. \n\nBREACH OF TRUST. \n\nAnother member of the Kucmin- \n\nby the authorities is \n\nCheckman \n\nJai, an aviator, formerly District Magistrate of Taungabau and a faithful follower of the late Dr. Sun Yur-ken. I \n\nis understood \n\nwith \"Talsehood and duplicity.\" \n\nSAPORE MAN GETS HEAVY \n\nand he well-to-do. \n\nAfter deliberation, the Ambasea- \n\nthe American administration \n\ndor was recalled, but the British Government duly placed on \n\nvocord that \"His Majesty's Guy- ernment has not marked with \n\nMrs. Lorne Murphy, of the \n\nany expression of displeasure \n\nStation Hot Kowloon, who has \n\nSENTENCE. \n\n· Our Own Correspondent.) \n\nSingapore. August 25. \n\nMr. Compton Cooper, ex-ciskier \n\nTa pirates nas ap apathat \n\nan order has been issued for \n\nsengers and by examining the \n\nthe arrest of Jai, who bas now \n\nhazds of the passengers made \n\ndis- tiretion between the working \n\nappeared, as the revolver used \n\nby the assasain in shooting Liau \n\nAs found with coarse hands were \n\nChunu-kai is Rileyed to being \n\nreleased, \n\nWounded Editor Dies, \n\ntuned. Those with lady dngers\" \n\nwere do- \n\nChan Chau-lam, who was with \n\nashore and the best was \n\nscrunchly \n\nLizo Coung-si and received for \n\ncleaned out. The Captcha was \n\nious wounds ciro, passed away \n\nThe Captain is a Bri \n\nalso taken. \n\njust returned by the imprese \n\nof does not appear to have \n\ncon- of Messra Job Liste And Co. \n\nWand has bees \n\nwary offlsiently for three days in a very critical \n\ntish ahjust noted \"Chen Kam,\" \n\nbital, where he had ocen lying \n\nThis tnorning at the Kung Yee \n\nCanada, destres to convey her \n\nmitted any international offence \n\nconvicted of a breach of trust \n\nin sincere thanks to Mr. H. P. White \n\nagainst the United \n\nthe navigation of this condition. \n\nStates,\" the sum of $4,000 \n\na yetenosil to meble steamer for the past several \n\nditor of the China News in Hong \n\ndueting Mr. Wiarson, Cant. Turnball \n\nAgain in 1871 the United States \n\nthree months hard labour in add \n\nChan was formerly \n\nand all officers of the Douglas \n\nrequests the recall of the \n\ntiva is a tire of $500 with the \n\nPears. All told about fisty \n\nDoug and after his paper was \n\nSteamatip Chowany and friends \n\nRussian Minister, fox inturail- \n\nernative of six mutha' ingrison, \n\nsengers were held captive. The \n\ni pressed he came back to Canton \n\nwe attended the fanem of her \n\nterence in its internal affairs, \n\nart in default as payment... \n\nsteamer was then allowed to \n\nand became an editor of the Min \n\nlato hachawdd und sent wreaths, \n\nand whilst most people will \n\nremen- \n\nber the comparatively recent \n\nWachon on the night of August 20th, \n\njast twants-war hours tale. $120,000 \n\nRansom Asked. Among those taken captive \n\nin her recent sad bereavement. \n\ncase of Dr. Danba, who was recalled by Austria from the \n\nThe Borning Post \n\nWEDNESDAY, Aveer 26, 1025. \n\nComrade Karakhan, \n\nground that he proposed to \n\nhis, government plane ic engineeri \n\nstrikes in American steelworks, \n\nwitich \n\nmanufacturing \n\nWern \n\nmunitions of war. A case of mutual dismissal of Ministara by \n\nFOOD SUPPLIES. \n\nPORE, MUTTON AND BEEF PLENTIFUL. \n\nReduced Demand. \n\nNeo Jia Pag. He was also an in- \n\nfacial ember of the Central Executive Committee \n\nof \n\nthe Kuomintang. \n\nof \n\nwei now chairman of the Brein- \n\nSiner the death of Mr. Liao \n\na number of prominent ciftens \n\nof Cheng-kai, the Soviel Representa- \n\ntire in Canton, who is now High \n\ntravelling as a third class passanger \n\nAdvisor in the Nationalist Govern- \n\nto avoid recognition, as he le well \n\nknow on the Wert River. Mr. Chap- \n\nof a man to succeed Liao in the \n\nLong in the Wochow agent of the \n\ntasks which the deceased and M. \n\nSuch har ter the improvement \n\nlard Oil Company and has \n\nBorngin had been jointly perform- \n\nWe have recently become so \n\nby Great Thilair and Spain in the \n\nfood stastion during the large \n\nancial de cesto. \n\naccustomed to the spectacle of \n\noccurred in 1848. Aravclution \n\npast for days, that restrictions \n\nofmediately recoguised and was \n\nsentative bax found Wang Ching- \n\nHe was ing. So far the Russian repre- \n\nSpain the Soviet Government \n\nviolating reverent in \n\nwas the slaughter if native rattle \n\nbave infurewd as spon payenere \n\ninternational law and exploiting! \n\ni wn to have the spinpality of \n\nzou been removed and the supply \n\n$120,000 he would be immediately \n\ntive Committee of the Nationalist \n\nthe huden diplomatic system \n\nthe British Forestry in a class \n\ntopping the denialet. His assistant and wife \n\nGovernment, the called parson. \n\nits-uture, TARE Tho rucent \n\nPalmerston. I was also \n\nConsumption is being that of \n\nwere wish him. The wife \n\nRussian known that Mr. Bulwer, the Bri- \n\nnormal times, owing probably to the \n\nreleased but the assistant was held. \n\nkecs Conference in the Eden-- \n\nrevolations of the \n\nwas When Wang atleaded the Wer- \n\nCorrespondent to the North \n\n(ish Mtalster at Madrid, het \n\nof people in the Mr. Chap- \n\ntour has been 1 for a \n\nChina Daily News, concerning the same tows as Lord Pabner \n\nCloux, bat uriously cough, this \n\nnumber of weeks non after a long \n\nterany a large number of Wham- \n\ncioual Association Buliding \n\nya- the Soviet's Ambassador to \n\nfan, although he had carefully \n\nis neve instint in beef \n\nBras D \n\nstay in Canton was \n\nreforming \n\nrape Codete escorted him. \n\nKong Paking, end his activities in \n\ntrained from expressing those \n\nany other mest. \n\nWarhow far trestuent. \n\nYing-fan promotiog Bolshevism in China, \n\nviews or from acting upon then \n\nKwangcharwad is now maintain. \n\nzasunod Other taken prisoner inclufofee of Conumissar of finance of \n\nnecasion very little surprise in \n\nany way during the revolting \n\na regalar supply of pigs and \n\non. Chiu Lau-tong, the Principal \n\nthe Provinia Government and \n\nMinister of Finance of the Nation. \n\nundoubtedly have to he a reckon \n\nexpert dismissed him, and return \n\nof more than 200, \n\nmer School of the Christian and \n\nis slat Government corrarently, \n\nand Palmeraton, reply, which \n\nexceets that for any one day \n\nlonary Alliance at Warhow \n\narissed the Spanish Minister in \n\nsince the commencement of the \n\nten Chinese preachers of this \n\nmia- ing these breaches of the \n\nusers onder. The distaiesal of \n\nLode. There are at Jones \n\n1,000sion Mr. Wong Ueno \n\nsut Mr. Lel \n\nAlavies the deceased Lino. \n\nof civilised nations, it is well to have \n\nou veront in what parti- \n\nSackville, the British Ambassa- \n\npigs in stock and this is being \n\nKip-chi. cats Comrade Karakhat has \n\ndor to Washington, in 1888 \n\nseems added a daily. \n\nThe abject of the attach \n\nan this. \n\ning with Russia one day, respect \n\nAUE.UUT \n\nagain offended, assuming what to \n\nbave been rather a straining \n\nNative cattle supplies exceed \n\nthe vessel serns to have been to \n\nobtain seama winest incontestable \n\nat the international right given \n\ndement and the dealers may now \n\na large shipment of money that \n\nwas During and market without restraint \n\nsupposed to re aboard for one f \n\nthat the documents published in \n\nto an offended State. \n\nHad \n\nTHE SANITARY BOARD). \n\nNEW BY-LAWS ADOPTEL. \n\n-- \n\nthe \n\nM. N. Smith presided over a \n\nthe North China Daily News are \n\nthe American presidential elee \n\nSanghat is applying sheep as \n\nare the lees; hanks, Silver \n\nicin and peeting of the Sanitary Bourd \n\nhet authentic. In their handling \n\nof \n\nthe situation in China the Bol- \n\nwas formerly British subject, \n\namount of local mutton is to be \n\ndomand in Wachow later and \n\nsince the embargo on wall cap \n\nfront. T. Groney, Dr. I. W. Tae. Dr. \n\nthe greatest skill and efficiency. \n\nThey have utilised every little \n\nhow he was to give his \n\nvoted but poultry eat eves \n\nshow a tendency whether Mr. Cleveland, if 23- \n\nA \n\nto increase. Vagetables and \n\na bank notes and anali coin have \n\ngood example of this is the atti- \n\nelectal, would support a policy \n\nage he obtained at little more \n\nbeen arriving daily from Canton. \n\ntude conveyed by their Embassy \n\nof friendliness to England. Lord \n\nto oimal rises and generally at \n\nPaking. The Foreign Powers \n\nSackville replied to vague and \n\nspeaking, the situation is extremely \n\nare represented in China by \n\nneral terms that any satiating \n\nand is cally becoming \n\nthe other more se- \n\nfavouring Ministers only, and not by \n\nfull pecly Ambassadors. The explanation \n\ncountry would inse popularity\" \n\nof this is the disturbed conditiou \n\nthat he boliavad Mr. Cleveland \n\nIt is a fact that a large hand \n\nat plates have been operating in the \n\nteretaty), Mr. D. Tavies \n\nand Mr. G. Kennedy kiten also \n\npresent. \n\nreserving \n\nThe dret by laws governing fond \n\nestablish pools and seruted water \n\nmanufactorios CAIDS months. The leader of this \n\nremarking that there was \n\nup for consideration, the chairman \n\nKau Kong weinig for everal \n\nSPORTS COATS \n\nof China, which robs the country \n\nwas desirous of maintain \n\nEnture is lisaged in an editorial \n\nCanton and Muceo. She is called \n\nBoar went into exilee. \n\nIN \n\nLIGHT-WEIGHT \n\nTWEEDS \n\nand WOOLLENS \n\nHAVE ARRIVED; \n\nALSO \n\nCREPE RUBBER SOLED \n\nGOLF BROGUES. \n\nLADIES' GOLF CLUBS. We have a large selection by leading makers. Prices $6 & $7. \n\nLANE, CRAWFORD'S \n\nPEDDER STREET, \n\nLADIES \n\nSALON \n\nhe \n\nIx reported to ese to be a women \n\nsession regarding them who frequently vita fongkong hocght it would he better if the \n\nof its full internation statusing friendly relations with Groat \n\nin the Gentini Chin Port. \n\nThey theyhinese is affectionate terms \n\nwas im-paper pins ont that the opinion \n\nThe Pirate Queen. She ensure \n\nwas no diariasier they might: When the Soviet turned its \n\nBritain, although it attention to Cbica, however, it \n\npossible to predict his course \n\nis held by Chinese that they can \n\ntainly seria now to be at leent \n\nthe \n\nDr. Petrse paid at the 'sat meet- \n\nrealised \n\nSHANGHAI INCIDENT, \n\nhe then ca bloc \n\nIf \n\nshould be made and these rensals \n\n[ead now been digrala bed. \n\nthat for Bulshevis beforehand.\" \n\nThis correspon- \n\ngo on strike jug! when they \n\nplease! \"qseen of the Wajk\" \n\naround Kaighe xare reasons why \n\nthe by-law \n\npurposes Peking would be the \n\ndie becoming known to the \n\nand when they come back \n\nreceive Kong. most important capital in the United States Government, \n\nFord their old jobs again and be paid \n\nworld. Accordingly the Sovint \n\nSackville was discussed by them, \n\nin full for the time when no work \n\nappointed as Chinese Ambassa- \n\nIt seems imposible to justify \n\nwas, done, a of which, the vaper \n\ndor (and not Mister) one of the \n\naction of the United States \n\nadds, ia pact and purest of the \n\nIts most capable agents. \n\nin this stance, since diplomatic \n\npresent Chisens belief that they \n\nA resnit of this, since usage and common sense allkej \n\ncan do what they wian with \n\nfor Ambassarlor takes precedence \n\nof sume that twn States wish to \n\ncizners, shoot them and all the \n\nMinister, Comrade Karakhan \n\nremain in friendliness with one \n\nrest of it, but retaliation in the \n\nwas placed at the outect in an \n\nanother until the contrary is \n\npart of the foreigners becomes a \n\nexceedingly favourable position, \n\nproved. These cases Ulustrate heinous crime. Whilst that state \n\nTo neutralise the advantage thus \n\nthe strictness with which a \n\nStatement correctly \n\nAs \n\nMER \n\nCalerpreted \n\nthe \n\nITALIAN MINISTER'S CONFERENCE. \n\nShanghal, Angust 20. On the 21st the Italian Minister called upon Shay Jai un stating that the Diplomatic Corps was asiti \n\nOn Dr. Macgown intimating that he wishna to discuss the by- laws nevemag the quality of water used in making aurated waters and le the matter of cleaning belts before they wwe died a second time, the chairman moved thus the Board go into committee, which was immediately done. \n\nOn the Board resuming, the by- \n\nlaws, siended, wern adopted. \n\nat the present time prueervan its Chinese viewpoint before the desirous of a speedy settlement af cleverly and legitimately obtain integrity from the activities of strike, is questionable whether the Shanghai incident and esposed el by the Bolsheviks, \n\nthe foreign diplomate agents accre that opinion is generally helt arst to negotiate the restoration of Ministers of the Powers reited to it. Since Gains wishes longkong to-day. In fack, the Mixed Court, leaving the other presented at Peking retained thei \n\nto be ensidered a member of pride ourselves on the fact that Heme to be discussed systematical Diplomatic Corps, which at the Farily of Nations, and is the strikers who have returnedy. Shum Jaalus priznised to take ority of 95005 per cent has been through the agency of the senior therefore bound by international have been taught a lesson they will the prosal into consideration-produced by the Hoope electrolyti Minister (who is at present the law to respect the usages of cot men farget \n\nIt is true that Tsui Wan Yat Po. Traian Minister) on all qacations \n\ncame back affecting the relations of the civilized States, its obvious when more of them: \n\nPowers with China. The duties ourze would be to investigate they had the audacity to ask for of diplomatic agent may be immediately these documents their full pay. but in no se, 20 de5ned as the prosecution of bia which inplicate the Soviet Am-far as our knowledge gou as country's interests diplomatical-assador en extensively, and, this conceded. \n\nly with the foreign government and the charges true, its only \n\nOn course is to dismiss him unma \n\ndiately. privileged \n\nAbinina chaited to have a \n\nje pessors, and is stated to differ \n\nvery materially from the ordinary \n\nPEKING UNIVERSITY. \n\n90 per cent aluminion sheet It is Parók shorter. Ik zemina notarnish \n\nOn the Aber haul! IN FAVOUR OF COMMUNISM. god uery were given the order! \n\nof the boot. Thanks to tas fra \n\natkiude zdoyted by the Govern \n\nThe \n\njed in air a long time, and is hee such greatly increased resistance lne szida anit other chemicals that Paklog, Angue: 8. \n\njis endines & week'a imuaersion in Minister of Education droolric acid with only slight ment and the community general Chang Szchas, stated at the Gabi effect, although the ordinary shest Ar. the retioned stikers have niet meeting that the Peking Uni-metal is hsscived completely in been completely disillusioned, and veralty was in favour of voor bath The chic parity there is a strict rule of inter- The important point of what thewe very much doubt whether they; uism and desired to sevOr connec-contained in the commercial TEKS national law, forbiding him to employer is going to do to safe-1 will be as anxious to ge ont agala' tion with the Ministry of Edutainhure is epper, the iron and silicon interfere in the hiternal politics guard houself from strikes in the uz they were ou this occasion, tion-Fun Wan Yat Po. \n\nhaing is very stall amousk \n\nio which he is accredited. account of the position which he enjoys in consequence \n\nof these duties, The Strike and After. \n\nOVER-NIGHT CABLES. \n\nANGLO-FRENCH CONVERSATIONS. \n\n\"PARTICULARLY CORDIAL ATMOSPHERE.\" \n\nFrance Asks Equal Treatment With Italy. \n\nParis, August 35. While expressing satisfaction at the \"parifcaleriy cordial etmospbare\" in the conversations between Mr. Churchill and M. Calllaux, the new siapers continue to urge the necessly of speciai | consideration for Prince. \n\nL'Ecko de Paris's London outrespondent anys that M Caillaux | insisted that Mr. Churchill give auge vgual treatment with Ealy. The correspondant hopes the impression will not gain ground that Britain it using the question of debts gain Italy's good graces. \n\nLe Petit Journal, referring to the heavy eenditions\" which the United States imposed on Balzium and the suggestion of the Limited Status impose harsher term on France, says that the foreign press and public appear to forget that all this wi crente a sale of economie inossibilĥouter. \n\nLondon, August 25. \n\nM. Caillaux spent the morning at the French Embassy with his experte. M. Caillax taler visited fancices in the city, meeting Mr. Churchill at the Teasury Tata is the afternoon.- \n\nSOUTH CHINA MORNING POST, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1925. \n\nTHE \n\nCLEAR OUT \n\nBOLSHEVISTS. \n\nGREAT MASS MEETING URGES HOME GOVERNMENT TO TAKE ACTION. \n\nPROMPT AND DECISIVE MEASURES URGED. \n\n\"THE CANGER MUST BE RUTHLESSLY CUT OUT.\" \n\nOpposition Speaker Heckled, \n\nA \n\nThe haii \n\nA peene of great enthusiasth we witnessed at the Theatre Royal last evening when a great mass meeting of Hongkong residents aicpted, practically uniously, a roselation urging the Home Gov- srument to deliver an affam to the Canton authorities. was crowded, fally one thousand people being present. The addresses made in support of the resolation were frequently ami fourty ap planded, but one speaker who ventured to votes appcaition, met with good deal of beckling. The proceedings, which lastet for chise \n\nBritish National Antham. upon two hours, were brought to a conclusion with the singing withe \n\nThe meeting has provided over the Governments at Hors \n\nHis \n\nthe spot. who know and realise; the exbrerse govily of the eitis- Etia (Applause). \n\nThe telegram we send to-night,. therefiae, whatever may be sɛid! jlo speechee, about! avolii any. \n\nthing like viient language in the Text and confine itself to isspres. give statements of farts and such [deinands as ure reasonably set Forth and yousible of viiment. is with this object, in view that the suggested telegram, which has tor sutne time appeared in the Press, that eigin receive matitve: gonsideration by you ali, hat been most carofully druited, and 2 trustj ithet ne material alteration to it I will be called for \n\nWaking up at Lask To epits of all that has been telegraphed, until a few days ako It compelled to helieve that the Government at Home still consi- dar that the liongkozy aus South China troubles are all part of the \"China onesting,\" whton propej after the \"Shanghet weilent\" or are bound up with that Sheldonti \n\nWhile M. aflux was busy at the French Embassy Mr. Church by the Hon. Mr. P. H. Holyank, Fixuellency the fovernor in eirag and the Young Chine Nationalist was similarly engaged with his experts at the Treasury ludying the whe was supported on the plat upon this letter had authorised me Movement, and can be settled by French viewpoint. Owing to last atinute changes in the plans om by Sir Hoary Pollock, Hou to quote that portion of his letter cuees or socle special envy, hut Fon-csestations in Poking, confer- Ceilex week the Treasury at wes to sen Mr. Chrehjli.--Rezston i My, IT, W. Bird, Hon. Mr. G. G. \n\nwhich refers intimately to thisise recent shipping proclamations Alabaster, K., Mr. A. Macgowan pronunciation at the Canton Club: or the Canton authorities son at: (Swab), Mr. W. & Bailey, Mr. \n\nagree with Sie Jane Jamieson's Inst to be waking it up. Heat J. Owen Hughes, fr. W. A. Towies lection to the thily Pres art-hear). and others. \n\nfele, and should like you to an- \n\nOBITUARY. \n\nMAJOR GENERAL REGINALD C. W. E. MITFORD. \n\nThe death is announced of Mejut General Regina Beverley Mitford.--Mouder. \n\nDoes His Majesty's Government; The Chairman, before proceed-derstand that consider that still utterly disbelieve the reapon ing with the business for which his present Juncture Sir Jamesponsible statenate made in the the meeting bed bean culled, said: Jamieson has done everything any stream of eables of the gravest 1 desire to straighten out an incl- body in that position could do ature by the Governor of this dent connecteit with our original and I should greatly regret any Colony, and all the responsible! meeting. You will remuetaber that dea that there is a lack of entles already on the spot refer \n\nThe trouble red to, or do they seriously profess! KC that they are cuable any longer \n\nfiere \n\nof because \n\npared to shanden, the lights of in protect, or at any rate are pre-j British subjects secured to taem \n\nRoen at Waterloo Manor, Hants, February 20 \n\nthat neither General Mitford was the youngest son of the late 31. Join Words that original public noting operation bereen va barrister at law and the grandson of the historien of Greece. Based ot only a resolviton of \n\nanything, confidence in Sir Juanes Jamieson, do was educated at Rugby and was appointed en eusten in the India His Baleaty's Consul General inhing that other of us ca Army in 1855. He served in the Indian Mutiny during which he was Cantan, but we paid has a high the only people who can set severely wercdel and was mentioned in despatches, receiving the tribute. After that he was grill. His Majesty's Government G. G. O. He was recommended for the Victoria Cross by Lord Clyde and in the public Press. da October 29, 1358 Ia i Nogi West Frontier Expeditions, fericism was undebtedly largely and later in the Afghan War, be gained distinction and eventually due, if not entirely, to a sun- retired in 1826. He was a craui travetter and had toured the Orient-derstanding, wad I feel that it is Ladies and gentlemen, on the Authorities \n\nThe Chairman, proceeding, said: Ameries and civilised Karope and had pablished a number of books due to His Majesty's Consul 27th dealing with the countries visited and in the subject of the fran Geners in Canton that that itaing \n\nJuly Just Al \n\nMutiny. \n\nthis Theatre. \n\nRose Edouin, Actress. \n\nLandor, August 25. \n\nThu \n\n(Applause). \n\nThe Chairman's Speech. \n\nbeld ip \n\nmset- \n\nsolemn trsaties and will they supiusly automir, to the Javest hi-j Rofent challenges to Great Britain| of the present Canton Boisberlat \n\nI know well the difuuhtes they so hayo jo face in wont of unanimity: tion should be definitely cleared up crowded that very us ourd not and help from other \"Powers,\" an ad this meeting (Applanon). I may get in-smugst other thinge-His well as fire great industrial pro say that before leaking this state-Majesty's Government was urged bleins they have to deal willi et The death is announced of the cetogezarian actress Rose Fdouin muut I submitted it, because it is a strongly worded and gravely Home, but, unless this Canton who toured with the first English company in India and the Far Eartperry the Government to the considered rosetation that situation is tackled seriously and managed by her husband, Mr. Lewis---Rastor, \n\nINDIAN COTTON DUTIES. \n\nJAPAN CHARGED WITH DUMPING, \n\nGovernor, and I bave He consent İshould immediately inform the at once, not only will Brilish juler- ot only to make the stavovases but i de forte Governmet in Canton asts here and in South China be bis vermismos also to quote some that unlove it withdraws Rs sup-fcrippled for years to comes bus the remarks in a letter concerning th port of the attack upon British in Bolshevik pofamous propaganda A Newspaper Article. terupts, it will de regnaded un he will spread like fire, Soget through \n\nStratz \"The Consul General in a recent ny entered into a alete of busidity the \n\nSuttlements, 01 address, at the Clah, referred with the British Gayetä tuke , 20 \n\nthrough human and into Indu,! Receiving a depatation of Bombay mill-owners, the Viceroy hung Dalla Frege of the 1h inst. for reasons which it is impossible it be a tremendous conflagration. The leading artfela in the long- Almost a monta has passed and with the visa that not only will declared that the cotton ezelse dry cannot be abolished remediately under the handing of Sir James to understand, that vitally impur-for the nation to fight, but the for financini reascun, but the Government is pledged to abolition when Jamieson, which you have doubt tant telegram, which elemanly restrial problems at Hew and! finemial considerations perut. \n\nDincasing the suggested and-damping menseres apalast Japanid that it was based on 20 in throughout South China withersport trade will be increase the \n\nless read. \n\nThe Consul General cited existing conditions here sederployment through lack of the Vicorns admitted that he was prewed by the deputation's ecrrect appreciation of the situa- jone word of exaggeration, but fact, that must be faced statements regarding Japanese labour conditions, but the milers. He esglained that the Canparently been completely ignoret \n\nantrously. Streng words, but had not substantiated the charge of damping by definite facts andton Governani forwarded certain by His Majesty's Government.theless, and I wish we could ngures. He undertook to have the question examined if evidenre were decade following the shooting \n\nThere has been a sittle confusion route the people of England to \n\nafray et June 23rd fast, and these about these talegrams. \n\nunderstand and realise them. The cult densands, which were forwarded to Edential reply\" refered to lu me \n\n(ADDINERO). Lorden and Paris, were as follows: letter to the \"Press\", I should Cancer Must Be Rezoved. \n\nOsco and for all let it again he I. High Conmiasteners of the here explain, was a confidential; \n\nratione involved, to apologise, zaswer to one of the many tele clearly stated that no conference 2. Adaquate punishment of e arus sent Home by the Clumber in Peding, or any amber of them, General and the of Commerce, There has been no special comdesioner or envy. \n\nproduced.—Rextar. \n\nTHE LEAGUE'S OPIUM COMMITTEE. \n\nJAPAN TO RATIFY CONVENTIONS, \n\n------ \n\nGeneva. August 25. In the course of the proceedings in the Leagus d Nations Opium Committee, Docker Tsurum announced that Japan world ratify the Opfum Conventions elaborated at the rorent inferuational conferences. -Router. \n\nAMERICA AND NEW ZEALAND, \n\nA GENEROUS TOKEN OF APPRECIATION. \n\nAuckland, August 28. The American avai otticary and men hava donated $1,000 tu the) Institute for the Blind, in recogullion of the hospitality of the citizens of Auckland-Reuter. \n\nConsul \n\nSealer Naval Officer, \n\nanswer whatever to the telegram houver distingutahed and how \n\nthe 27th of July. \n\n3. No further troope or sum-of-feom the public neting held on ever much he may help the North- \n\nwar to come to Cantor. \n\n4. Withdrawal of wavahipa from \n\nen ureblem, can possibly settle \n\nTo-night, with conditions Infinite the prevent aluustion in Canton. Canton or delte, excett two worse than they were then and which is not a Chinees problem nespatch fosats for the use of with further declarations of the attack upon Hongkong and \n\nat all, but a Bolshevik ore and thaij the Consulate. \n\nhostility against Great Britain by British Interest in South Ce 5. Compensation for killed and the Canto authorities, we are Russian in its origin und that: \n\nwounded. \n\nmat in even greater unbere. they are using their Chinese dupes to further their conspiracy against \n\n6. Rerdition of balá Concessions endorse the options which have \n\nWhere is a cancer \n\nTo the Franxiang Govern-poured ions from every rep Great Britain. merk \n\nsible bady Government, Unofcial \n\nIn our midst which threatens the London and Paris replied to the inembers of both Counctie, Cham- effect that those derauds could be of Cmurarer backed by er must be ruthlessly cut out and then \n\nChinese 29 much as ourselves--it, not be considered. The new Car-large interest hore, Chuna Asrouls-sooner the better. (Applause). ten Government that assomed to and private telegram- \n\nLadies and gentlemon, with the cffice on July 1st, repeated these jhat is Majesty's Government hope that our legram to the demands and stated that no resto-cannot piesd ignorance upon the Prime Minister may assist him tel Seven negro soldiers of the thighth Infantry Regiment wersation of coral relations and eltuation. killed whan a howitzer burst during pracilce. Reuters American they had been discussed. \n\nsvaditions coule be aspected before Service. \n\nGUN ACCIDENT. \n\nNEGRO SOLDIERS KILLED, \n\nRockford. H., Aufust 25. \n\nCHINESE TARIFF CONFERENCE. \n\nwww.co \n\nBRITAIN WILL ATTEND. \n\nLondon, August 25. The British Government has now accepted the invitation of the Chinese Cuvornmunt attend the tariff conference on the 23rd October-Rauter. \n\nMOTOR ACCIDENT, \n\nDUTCH SOCIALIST KILLED. \n\nBrussels, August 25. M. Nan Kol, the Daich evetallet, ex-Scoater and colonial expert, has been killed in a motor zevident.-Reuter \n\nFRANCE AND SPAIN IN MONOCCO. \n\nOFFENSIVE TO BEGIN IN TEN DAYS. \n\nFOR BATHING PARTIES, \n\nPICNICS, etc. \n\nJAS. BUCHANAN & CO.S BLACK & WHITE WHISKY \n\nin FLASKS & FLASKS. \n\nFitted with glass stoppers, no corkscrew required. \n\nPRICE OF FLASKS \n\n55 \n\n+1 \n\n$2.10 $1.10 \n\nDONNELLY & WHYTE \n\nTel Contral 635. \n\nSole Agenta. \n\n2. Queen's Buildings. \n\nRid Your Home of Flies with \n\nFLYOSAN \n\nUPER-INSECTICIDE, \n\nAlso ills Roaches, Mosquitoes, Mathe, Azta, Redbugs, Lice. Fleas and other Insects. NON-POISONOUS \n\nto every other form of Animal Life. \n\nFOR SALE AT \n\nTHE CHINA DISPENSARY. \n\n32, Quang's Road t \n\nEast of Central Market, \n\nPhone 594 \n\nAre you still doing the \n\nwashing? \n\nIf so why not \n\nhave a gas wash boiler \n\nIt saves time \n\nmoney and \n\nclothes. \n\nFor sale or \n\nhire from \n\nHONGKONG & CHINA GAS CO., \n\n9 \n\nLTD. \n\nreside for the purpose of all steamship communication be carrying on the moreaufile tween Canton and Hongkong, bath pursuits, without molesta- direct and via Maeso, and also for loo or restraint, ut Chaton, the boycet in Cantor and other Amoy. Foochuw, Ningpc aud porta la South China as well a Article V of the Treaty of British subjecte ships and goods. Shanghai \n\nStrategy, Amoy and Foochons, of \n\nNanking which British They have also openly declared Merchants are permitted, er her intention of destroying by ail porta where Dhey mazy every means in their power, Hong- reside \"to carry on their kong, ts trade and prosperity. Tuercantile transa \n\nWith whatever sevsons they classes entering and elearing to inse.\" \n\nand from Hongkong wos 70,330 Article X of the Trozty of vesadis totalling 5,000,000 tons. Nanking authorising yoout From Jet January to 30th June belonging to British Mer-fast the average daily number of chard to be conveyed by yesek entering and caring Chinese Murchants to any Hongkong has been 60 vessels province or City in the averaging 99,600 to Since the Interior of China. \n\nerists started the average daily \n\nrealise the true position in Hong- The Gravity of the Slination, What \n\nkong and South Chica and so lend I confess I find in Gillealt do to prompt and decision action then has the craul General to \n\nIspunit without voicing L indigna- either in cogurt with other disease with the Canton over we all foui at the procrastina Powers or if need be, by Great) ner with H viwy to ending the \n\n[tion, hit 1 recoguise they Bus Britain stone, I beg to formally present situation. le he to discuss \n\ncitration is an gave that I desire amove thas the following telegram his own punishment or the ren- dition of the British Concession to avoid saying oue word which he sent from this meeting to Hir may be regarded, at Home, za Majests'e Prime Minister in Lor- Home Government faces theseterical or which may give or don \n\nmements to prempe and direct ac- It will be secunded by Mr. W. S1) Article XI of the Treaty of number of vessels entering and decauda? The mere fact of dig-tion, in Cantea, ecession to dia- Bailey, and after that has been feussing then: would be an AU- \n\nnission that the incident of June out our advice or undervalue done I shall be glad to bear ther unis meeting. No one who has reukors hefure putting the tale 123rd was greated by Shameer, been away from Hongkong and gram to the meeting. (Applause). \n\nwhich we kauss deinitaly to be South Ching, even for the last six \n\nThe Resciation. \n\n10. \n\nTientsin which also opened clearing Hongkong has been 1 Swatow and okker Southern russels totalling 36,579 tens only. Porta for Foreign trade and but these figures include \"P. & 0.\" stated that “il is agreed that \"Blue Funnel\" \"President\" and Brith aubjects are pertait. \"Empress vessels which are nat ted to carry an irade with affected by the buycolt. whomenever thay please, and proceed to and fro wt pleasure with their ve vels and merchandise.\" Chatton a Gateway. 1 \n\nThe obwrvance of these provi- \n\nOur Canton trade comprising some 12 large Passenger vessels has been entirely stopped. Since the lat Jaly the average daily number of skipa including river zieamars, held up through the boy- cost has been 5 of which 15 rre \n\nmentus, could possibly conceive | This Colony as a vital part of Dally Prem Knew Wothing \n\nhow dangerous the Bolshevik the British Empire, Haring aires ly now absolutely nothing about the on British Oterests, and I wishram unanunealy passed at \n\nThe Daily Prese states that they treat is. with its epelat attack vately appanded through le measures that are being taken to that a few of my own personal frea: Mass Meeting held on July bring the present deadlock to a friends who, until a very few years 1271b and passed on by the Gover- end and that as far as they are ago, huid the same responsible nor at its request. to Hils Murjesty's sware the Hongkong Goverment positions out here as those who Government, now appeals to His jare equally in the dark. The Con-to-day have drafted many of the Majesty's Prime 31ster to take sions of the Treaties is imperative \n\nsul General folvement as that important telegrams to which steps to have the following pro-fox the commoerusal prosperity of Britian, Paris, august 25. Reports from Madrid state that Guteral Prano do Rivers has Peking and \n\nropies of all his despatelos in hat already referred, were here visions of the Treaties of Nunking this Colony, seeing that Camson is the Foreign Office now to study the situation for 1942 and Tientsin 1858 betas ceu the principal gateway for British aaronneest that the offensive against the Riffs will begin in en dags have been forwarded to Bosghongshomssives, and they would quicke Great Britain and China carried trade into South Chine. tine-Renter, \n\nand the Hongkong Government realise how woefully and dia-out, amely: therefore know ail ifat the Congal astrously, the \"Cantou situation\" General has written. As the Con and the peril of Hongkong and aul General pointed out, there is South Chins are being misunder ne possible basis for discussion stood in London to-day and give 1 here, and the next move rexe with; leredence and ear to those, upos \n\nEVACUATION OF THE RUBK. \n\nDuested biên Aorus 25 \n\nThe French evacuation bas been completed. Router. \n\nTo-day there are 16 of which 22 are British. \n\nThe present Canton Authorities The recent proclamation by the Article II of the Treaty of teño are independent of the Cen Ganten Authorities with regard to Neaking watch provides tral Government at Paking and coastal Navigation later that that British subjecta, with have been in othee for less than Vessels of any Nationsity, reccot their families and establish months are directly and solely British and Japanese. may enter ments, chali be allowed to responsible for the cutting off of (Coutinaod on pige 10.) \n\nPage 10", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-489N - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 500973, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-489N - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]", "page_number": 8, "title": "CO129-489N - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]", "content_text": "14\n\nAMERICAN ORIENTAL MAIL LINE\n\n#TRANSPACIFIC-EXPRESS SERVICE\"\n\nSEATTLE & VICTORIA\n\nSHAN HAI-KOBE-YOKOHAMA,\n\nPRESIDENT JEFFERSON ...... September 6th, 5.00 pm.\n\nPRESIDENT GRANT... September 15th, 5.00 pm.\n\nEUROPE\n\nvia Seattle-Chicago-New York\n\nFirst Class on the Pacific. First Class on American or Canadian Railway, First Class and Second Class on the Atlantic. Choice of Trans-Continental Railways. Any Class on the Atlantic.\n\nThrough accommodation and Booking Arranged.\n\nFOR MANILA\n\nPRESIDENT JEFFERSON\n\nPRESIDENT GRANT\n\nAugust 29th, 3.00 p.m.\n\nSeptember 10th, 5.00 p.m.\n\nTRAVEL FIRST CLASS ON A FIRST CLASS STEAMER. Through Bills of Lading to all United States, and Canadian Overland points, also via Panama Canal Lines to Atlantic Ports.\n\nCopies of this paper on file in our Offices SEATTLE, CHICAGO, NEW YORK.\n\nFor passage and Freight Booking apply to\n\nAMERICAN ORIENTAL MAIL LINE\n\nOperated for\n\nUnited States Shipping Board\n\nby Admiral Oriental Line, Managing Operators\n\nHongkong and Shanghai Bank Building, 4th Floor, Telephone Central 2477, 2478 and 795. No. 4, Des Voeux Road.\n\nTWO-WAY SERVICE\n\nTo Manila, the Straits, Calcutta, Egypt, the Mediterranean, and New York\n\nWhether you're traveling east, or west, DOLLAR Line President Liners will carry you\n\nEastbound they afford two sailings each month.\n\nWestbound they offer four sailings each month, as far as Manila- thence to Singapore and beyond, a fortnightly schedule.\n\nWith most frequent and convenient service, these great oil-burning liners are notable for their speed and steadiness.\n\nAll staterooms are outside rooms, with real beds (not berths) and luxurious furnishings.\n\nDOLLAR Line cuisine is world famous.\n\nSTOPOVERS ALLOWED AT ANY PORT OF CALL\n\nEast: Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, Honolulu\n\nWest: Manila, Singapore, Penang, Colombo, Suez, Port Said, Alexandria, Naples, Genoa, Marseilles, New York- and on other ports round the world\n\nEASTBOUND\n\nNEXT SAILINGS\n\nPRESIDENT LINCOLN\n\nAugust 29, 5.00 pm.\n\nPRES. CLEVELAND\n\nSeptember 12, 5.00 p.m.\n\nWESTBOUND\n\nPRES. VAN BUREN\n\nSeptember 4, 8.00 p.m.\n\nPRES. CLEVELAND\n\nSeptember 1, 2.00 p.m.\n\nACROSS THE PACIFIC TO SAN FRANCISCO\n\nFOR PASSAGE OR FREIGHT RATES, APPLY TO\n\nDOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE\n\nHongkong and Shanghai Bank Building, Ground Floor, No. 4 Des Voeux Road, HONG KONG\n\nTelephones Central 2477, 2478 and 795\n\nAMERICAN FAR EAST LINE\n\nOPERATED FOR\n\nUNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD\n\nBy Struthers & Barry, Managing Operators\n\nREGULAR FAST FREIGHT SERVICE\n\nTO SAN FRANCISCO & LOS ANGELES FROM HONGKONG BY DIRECT ROUTE\n\nU.S.S.B. \"West Faralon\"...... Due Hongkong\n\nin port. Leave Hongkong 26th Aug.\n\n24 days to San Francisco-28 days to Los Angeles,\n\nU.S.S.B. \"West Cajoot\"...... Due Hongkong\n\nsin Sept. Leave Hongkong 7th Sept.\n\nYorgo accepted for transhipment at San Francisco to weekly sailings for Atlantic sea and ports.\n\nThrough bills of lading issued to C.A. and Canadian Overland points.\n\nTO MANILA, CEBU, ILOILO AND ZAMBOANGA.\n\nU.S.S.B. \"West Jester\" .................\n\nDue Hongkong 28th Aug. Leave Hongkong 30th Aug.\n\nTO SINGAPORE, ZAMBOANGA & CEBU.\n\nU.S.S.B. \"West Prospect\"\n\nDue Hongkong 10th Sept. Leave Hongkong 11th Sept.\n\nThrough bills of lading issued to all ports and served\n\nfor full information apply to\n\nSTRUTHERS AND BARRY,\n\nPhone Central No. 2018.\n\nL. EVERETT, INC.\n\nGeneral Agents.\n\n1st Floor Queen's Building\n\nJapan, China, Philippine Island, Indo-China\n\nD. Drame Sheppard\n\nFar. Agent.\n\nStraits Settlement.\n\nSOUTH CHINA MORNING POST, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1925,\n\nNAVY NOTES.\n\nFLAG OFFICER CHANGES.\n\n(From the Army and Navy Gazette)\n\nCRIMINAL SESSIONS.\n\nA HUGE ARMS HAUL.\n\nPrisoner Gets Three Years.\n\nARRIVALS.\n\nAUGUST 24.\n\nGlamiabroch, British, Capt. D. X. Hood, 148 tons, in cargo and ballast, Song 3oon Hong, mooring\n\n1,144 tons. Saigon, Wo Fat Sons, Haldia, British, Capt. L. Lynch, in cargo.\n\nA Chinese seaman named Chunk Mak Thee appeared before Mr. Justice B.22, at the Criminal Sessions yesterday, charged with the possession of thirty-four revolvers valued at $1,500 and 542 rounds of ammunition on board the s.s. \"Genkracht\" on June 21 last.\n\nHe pleaded not guilty.\n\nNaan Sang, British. Capt. D. R. Kilee, 2,351 tons, Yokohama and Shanghai, J.M. & Co., Stonecutters.\n\nAUGUST 25.\n\nThe Crown case was conducted by Mr. Whyte-Smith who explained to the court that at 4.30 a.m. on the day in question a party of searchers went on board the ship, on the second deck, on the day in question a party of searchers went on board the ship, on the second deck, a Chinese revenue officer and others went in search for arms.\n\nOsaka Maru, Japanese, Capt. C. Kondo, 10,219 tons, Calcutta and Singapore, NYK., voxing A2.\n\nThe Admiral was in the board side a Chinese revenue officer and others went in search for arms.\n\nVulcanus, Dutch, Capt. 1. 3. Settle, 707 tons, Pulse and Saraboe, APC Company's Wharf.\n\nThe replies of the Admiralty to the requests put forward through the 1924 Welfare Conference contain but a small proportion of concessions, but this is not surprising.\n\nSo many of the requests involved additions to public expenditure, amounting in the aggregate to a considerable sum, that there was small hope of their being entertained favourably in the existing financial situation.\n\nIn one respect, the lower deck is not against the same snag as the Admiralty when the Board asks for money.\n\nPrisoner's Story.\n\nPrisoner went late the witness) on number one) on\n\nAdmiralty when the Board asks for money.\n\nCLEARANCES.\n\nAUGUST 25.\n\nAsaka Maru, Japanese, Meji.\n\nCheltenham, British, Amoy.\n\nCorona, Norwegian, Chiungwan\n\nTAO.\n\nChung Hing, Chinese, K. C. Wan\n\nDrafa, Norwegian, Shanghai.\n\nGairsoppa, British, Moji.\n\nGlenfaldek, British, Amoy.\n\nHin Sang, British, Sandakan\n\nHoi Nam, Portuguese, K. C. Wan\n\nShing Cheong, Portuguese, Macao\n\nTalthybia British, Co.\n\nVoleanus, Dutch, Anicy.\n\nAUSTRALIAN STRIKE.\n\nFEDERAL ACTION IN VICTORIA.\n\nNew Zealand Joins In\n\nMelbourne, Aug. 24.\n\nThe Federal Cabinet has held a special meeting to consider the question of new cruisers and torpedo craft, viz., where is the money to come from?\n\nIt does not follow that the welfare system is useless.\n\nOn the contrary, it has proved its value when handled judiciously, this fokia and told them to get on with their work as the ship sailed just 8 a.m.\n\nWhile in the bunker he saw the bags lying on the coals and was going to report them to the chief engineer.\n\nA second later he heard a shot fired behind him.\n\nThe strike was then begun and he thought it was some-jane from the Seamen's Guild going to bother him and so he dropped there and ran away.\n\nHe was arrested.\n\nCross examined he said the tokis or Heuler. which should be capable of good judgement have been in the stoke-hold and he told them to get on with their work.\n\nAsked where he should have been, prisoner said it was the business of the firemen and stokers at Auckland the settlement within the Empire to see that the furnaces were\n\nA mass meeting of British seamen was held to-morrow---.\n\nSydney, Aug. 24.\n\nThe Marine Transport Group has unanimously decided to support, food and house the striking\n\nof persons with small means in sight.\n\nHe had no idea that the men who caught him were revenue officers until they took him to the bunker again when they brought out the bags, established\n\nThe P. and O. line, s.s. Chitral, whose crew has refused to join the strikers, sails on August 20th\n\nThe departure: of the Orient line ss. Orama is\n\nindefinite: its postponement\n\nThe crew of the Rougelia has expressed\n\nOrders copies of the Committee's report and proposals.\n\nO Fuel Supplies.\n\nIn common with other Navies, that of Japan is handicapped by the uncertainty of oil fuel supply.\n\nThis seems manifestly the only reason to burn partly all and partly coal.\n\nThe nine vessels of the \"King\" class are understood to have eight of their twelve boilers adopted for oil firing, and the remaining four boilers are coal-fired.\n\nIt appears that Japan has to import at present about 1,600,000 tons of petroleum and benzine out there is beautiful scenery, and although the train service from Hexham is scanty, the roads are good, the air pure and strong, and salmon and trout fishing and hunting are plentiful.\n\nGuilty is lacking, schooner Maud en route to San Francisco, where she was to be sold, the Norwegian Vice Consul went aboard and took possession of her on behalf of the Norwegian Government.\n\nMarshall then hoarded the ship with an attachment order for over six hundred dollars, alleged to be owing in respect of fuel supplied before the vessel sailed in 1922.\n\nThe United States Marshal\n\nGreenwich Hospital Livings.\n\nWe share the regret expressed by the Rev. A. R. Dexter, R.N.,\n\nSTEVEDORING AND TRANSHIPPING,\n\nDischarging from and/or loading on steamer without undue delay.\n\nCoolies and/or lighters are supplied for landing into and/or shipping from Godowns.\n\nRates practically normal.\n\nFor particulars please apply to the Undersigned,\n\nTelephones; C-2189 and C-8485\n\nHIN FAT & CO., LTD.\n\nKwok in Wang\n\nManaging Director\n\n51. Bonham Strand West.\n\nTHE\n\nBLUE FUNNEL\n\nLINE\n\nREGULAR AND FAST\n\nFREIGHT AND\n\nPASSENGER SERVICES\n\nLONDON SERVICE\n\n\"PERSEUS\" KUMAZON BELENUS RHESUSER\n\nAt Sept. Malice, London R's & burg. 32nd Sept. Murveilles. London, R'dan & 'burgi att D Mamzeilen.\n\nLagdon B'day & H’barg. 12th Cez Loadno, Recuerdam & amic\n\nLIVERPOOL SERVICE\n\n\"TALARIUS\" 20th Aug.\n\n\"TITUS\"\n\nJa Sept.\n\nPACIFIC SERVICE. vis KOBE & YOKOHAMA\n\n\"AUTOLYCUS\" 33rd Sept.\n\n\"PRIONOTES\" 20th Oct.\n\nNEW YORK SERVICE\n\n\"TEUCRER\"\n\n\"LARYDOCHES\" \"LAUMEDON\n\nMaravillor, favre, Liverpool G'gow Goos, Plates, Lívsepnolæ Gunngow\n\nFloturi, Varoshvac &; Je co Victoria, Venousver & Stile.\n\n28th Sept. Hoston, New York & B'more is Sues i 19 Sept. Bostan, York & there\n\nZod Bept. toston, New York & Bare via Sos\n\nPASSENGER SERVICE \"HLOTUS\"\n\nLas Det BABYEDOM 18th Nav. \"PATRÜÇLES” lóch Den. \"ANTENOR\"\n\n13th Jan. 3rd Mar \"SARPEDON?” 7th April.\n\nSingapura, Marsilise & London. Singapore, Marssillon & Lendum.\n\nSingapore, Marseides & Londna. Singapore, Marseilles & don.\n\nSingapura, tarvefiler & Info Singapore, Marseiller ↑ Loudon.\n\nàlao cargo stnames with limited passaagar assurmodating ki pecially reduced fares.\n\nFor freight and gage rates and information apply to\n\nButterfield & Swire.\n\nAgents.\n\nOREGON ORIENTAL LINE\n\nOperated for\n\nUNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD E.F.C.\n\nby COLUMBIA PACIFIC SHIPPING COMPANY\n\nFOR MANILA. ILOILO & CEBU\n\nU.S.S.B. \"WEST O'ROWA”\n\nU.S.S.B. \"OAKRIDGE\"\n\n4th Sept.\n\n24th Sept.\n\n1st Det.\n\n* Also calls at Zamboanga.\n\nAll sailings subject to change without notice.\n\nThrough Bill of Lading is issued to all rail Overland Points in the U.S.A., also to New Orleans, Savannah, Galveston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and Boston, with transhipment at Portland, Ore, via Panama Intercoastal services.\n\nADDRESS\n\nRoom 26, Bank of Canton Building.\n\nDes Voeux Road Central,\n\nTelephone Central 4871.\n\nCANADIAN PACIFIC\n\nHOME VIA CANADA\n\nFuture Sailings to VANCOUVER\n\nvia Shanghai and Japan Ports and\n\nArrive\n\nSept.\n\nSept 21/SCOTLAND\n\nSept. 30\n\nArrive Southampton\n\nSept. 17\n\nGet 5E/FRANCE\n\nOct. 2\n\nOct. 2 MONTROSE\n\nOct. 14\n\nOct. 21\n\nOct. 30\n\nNov.\n\nChange of accommodation as those ATLANȚIO steamers actually held for sale i Üres së prěta of eaîl in the Oniens.\n\nFour Trans Continental Trains Daily from Vancouver\n\nStop-over allowed at all points\n\nBlunderd Sleeping Car-Comparisects --Drawing-Rooms Dining Cars\n\nCasesdlan Paside Hoists at Victorie, Vancouver, Bucky Younlalu Restrik, Calgary. Winnipeg, Montreal and. Quereo Develaton Expenes Travollers' Cheques issued at all Cacadian Pactão Ghes-Paysčio Evergadera.\n\nBuxxayo inaremos solā sa ai Ganadian Pacific Officer\n\nHONGKONG-MANILA--HONGKONG-SERVICE\n\nT.B\n\nFlongkong Aug. 24\n\nSept.\n\nArrive Manila\n\nAug. 28\n\nSept. 11\n\nISBYA Activa Manila Hongkong E/Canada Aug. 29\n\nAug. 31\n\nE/Russia Sept. 12\n\nSept. 14\n\nSteamers arrive MANILA early morning and sail in evening of following day.\n\nCANADIAN PACIFIC SERVICE THROUGHOUT\n\nPaakonser Department: Tel YR.\n\nFreight And Express Tel. 49.\n\nSolies, \"GAANPAC.** Cables: \"NAUTILUE.”\n\nDODWELL & COMPANY LIMITED.\n\nNEW YORK BERTH\n\nFOR NEW YORK & BOSTON via SUEZ.\n\nS.S. KENDAL CASTLE\"\n\nSails 2nd Sept.\n\nLLOYD TRIESTINO\n\nREGULAR MONTHLY PASSENGER AND FREIGHT SERVICE\n\nVICT FOR BRINDISI, VENICE AND TRIESTE (FIUME)\n\nTAKING CARGO ON THROUGH BILLS OF LADING\n\nTO GENOA, ALL ITALIAN, ADRIATIC, LEVANT, BLACK SEA AND DANUBE PORTS.\n\nREDUCED PASSAGE RATES TO BRINDISI, VENICE OR TRIESTE\n\n£66.\n\nNEXT SAILINGS\n\nCanto Agents\n\nJohn Mantera & Co., Ltd.\n\nOUTWARDS FOR SHANGHAI YOKOHAMA, KOBE & MOJI\n\nFrom Hongkong.\n\nM.S. \"ESQUILINO\"\n\nsail 26th Aug.\n\nS.3. “GERANIA\" ... (cargo only).....\n\nsails 10th Sept.\n\nS.S. \"DUCHESSA D'AOSTA“\n\nsulls 12th Sept.\n\nHOMEWARDS FOR BRINDISI, VENICE AND TRIESTE.\n\nFrom Hongkong,\n\nsal 7th Sept.\n\nSails 31st Sept.\n\nSAILINGS FROM HONGKONG SUBJECT TO ALTERATION\n\nLONDON, HAMBURG, ROTTERDAM & ANTWERP-ia Singapore.\n\nDelombe\n\nSuez and Pers Bald.\n\nALES MAN\n\nMonday, 7th September.\n\nRIO DE JANEIRO, SANTOS & BUENOS AIRES--Tie Saigon, Singepore,\n\nColombo, Durban & Lopetown.\n\nCANADA MARU\n\nBOMBAY via Singaya re & Celombo\n\nINDO MARU\n\nBANUKI MARU\n\nvi BAICON\n\nSEKIYO MARU\n\nWednesday, 9th September.\n\nTuesday, 15th September.\n\nSunday, 18th September.\n\nCALCUTTA, Tia Singejare, Purang & Rangoon,\n\nBANUKI MARU\n\nThursday, 27th August.\n\nVICTORIA SEATTLE TACOMA & TANCOOTER-era Shianglesi and Japan porta\n\nAFRICA MARU..(From Shanghai.)... Sunday, 6th September.\n\nHAIPHONG VI KOINOW & PANHOL.\n\nTAIKWA MARU\n\nFriday, 4th September.\n\nNEW YORK.-in Japan ports, Nau Franciare, Panamaq.\n\nJAPAN PORTS,\n\nHAMBURG MARU\n\nSEATTLE MANU KEELUNG V SWATOW & AMOY\n\nHOZAN MARC\n\nAMAKURA MARU\n\nTAKAO via SWATON & ANDY,\n\nKÖTSU MAKU\n\nTPKAD & KEELUNG.\n\nSOURABAYA MARU....\n\nBAIREN via GREFOO & TSINGTAO.\n\nRYUKO MADU...\n\nGINZAN MARU...\n\nFor further patio dare plezes apply\n\nRul. C. Now, 4088, 1099 & 4090.\n\nto\n\nWednesday, 8th September.\n\nWednesday, 2nd September.\n\nSunday, 8th Aug., 2 p.m.\n\nThursday, 3rd Sept., Noon.\n\nThursday, 27th Asg, 8 a.m.\n\nSaturday, 20th September.\n\nBeginning of September.\n\nBeginning of Reptember.\n\nOSAKA SHOSEN KAISHA\n\nM. TAKEUCHI Manager.\n\nTHE SWEDISH EAST ASIATIC\n\nCOMPANY, LIMITED,\n\nGOTHENBURG,\n\nRegular Freight Service for\n\nBarcelona, Valencia, Amsterdam, Vasburg, Copenbagen, Gothenburg and other Scandinavian Ports.\n\nWill leave ou or about. 10th October.\n\nM.V. \"NANKING\"\n\nSubject to shange without notice.\n\nFor further particulars please apply to:-\n\nGILMAN & CO., LIMITED.\n\nAgents.\n\nM.S. \"ESQUILINO\"\n\n5,8. DCCHESSA D'AOSTA\"\n\nNATAL LINE OF STEAMERS\n\nFROM CALCUTTA & COLOMBO TO SOUTH AFRICAN PORTS\n\n9.9. \"UMSINGA.”\n\nS.S. \"ENZUMBI”\n\nsiis 1st Sept.\n\nsuite Is Oct.\n\nRegular l'assenger and Cargo Service to South African Parte.\n\nThrough Bill of Lading issued from Hongkong.\n\nFor Fraight or Pussage on any of the above Lines apply to:- DODWELL & CO, LTD., Agents\n\nTelephone Central 1030.\n\nNANYO YUSEN KAISHA.\n\n(The South Sea Mail S.S. Co, Ltd.)\n\nTO JAVA\n\nvia Batavia, Samarang & Sourabaya.\n\nS.S. \"BANDOENG MARU”\n\nTO JAPAN\n\n31s1 Aug.\n\nvia Moji, Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya & Yokohama.\n\nS.S. \"MACASSAR MARU\".................\n\n7th Sept.\n\nCargo taken at through rates to all ports in Netherland-India.\n\nRailings subject to siteraljon,\n\nfor farther particulars please apply to--\n\nTel. Central No. 2206\n\nNANTO YUSEN KAISHA.\n\n2nd floor, Prince's Building.\n\nSOUTH CHINA\n\nMORNING POST, WEDNESDAY,\n\nINDO-CHINA\n\nSTEAM NAVIGATION CO., LTD.\n\nDENTISTICN\n\nSTEAMERS\n\nவு. Straits & GalOITENAMBANO Tri.. 28th Acz., 8 p.ro.\n\nYounus via Kone... . HOSANG Wed., 2nd Rept., Noon.\n\nSTAI & Courts...... POOKSANG.... Wed., And Bept., 8 p.m.\n\nSTRAITS & CALENTA KUESANG Tues., 9th Sept., 8 p.m.\n\nKoa via BRANGKA & MOJE...LAIBANG.\n\nRegnbur sullings are maintained as follows:\n\nFri., 11th Sept., 7am.\n\nSEAWOWALKERS JAPAN LINE.\n\nEVERT TEX LAUR\n\nSONDRONG WASILI LINE.\n\nHONGKONA-WAIPHONG DAN HONREONG-BORGANI MARDZORG--TIERÍSK TANK KONGKONG-BANTEOR DINE\n\nFor freight なぜ\n\nEVERLY\n\nELERY SATURDAY FROM BUTO FORTH EVERY SUNDAY FROM VOTE FORTR FVC WRIGHT. * OUT\n\nprasugo apply dis\n\nJARDINE MATHESON & CO., Ltd.\n\nTelephone Central 95.\n\nGeneral Manager..\n\nGLEN AND SHIRE\n\nJOINT SERVICE OF STEAMERS\n\nSTRAITS, CHINA & JAPAN Survies,\n\nOUTWARDS\n\nDe lykvog.\n\n\"GLENAMOY\"\n\n\"GLENGARRY\"\n\nHOMEWARDS,\n\np901.\n\nAUGUST 26, 1925.\n\nMALM & CO. GENERAL SHIPPING AGENTS- CHARTERS, PURCHASES AND SALES OF ALL SIZES OF STEAMERS, E. GOOD BUNKER COALS, BEST PRICES.\n\nSTAVEDGRING at Ordinary Rates.\n\nQuick Dispatch Guaranteed.\n\nCOOD CHINESE CREWS AT ANY TIME.\n\nTHE MALM LINE OF Passenger and Cargo honts From Hongkong to Wuchow, Nanning und Louchow.\n\nMALM & CO. SHPEGILDERS & ENGINEERS.\n\nYARD AT CHANG SHA WAN\n\nTel. C.4946,\n\nCode: Bentleys.\n\nCity Bangkep 29th Ang.\"PEMBROKESİKE\" 27th Aug. 31st Aug. ludon, Botserdwn & Fisuborg.\n\n\"GLENSHANE\" 220 Sept.\n\nvix Oran, \"GLENAPP\n\n1st Oct. GLENIFFER**\n\n6th Sept. London, Butterdam & ffanburg.The \"CARMARTHENSHIRE \"\n\ni\n\nvis Oran.\n\n\"GLENLUCE\"\n\n15th Oct. ist NOT.\n\nMurou eats are subject to change wilbout 10BÍ#2) or freight and further particulars aptly tor\n\nJARDINE, MATHESON & Co., Ltd. ÅGETS. THE GLEN LINE, LTR.\n\nTeinphone Cauteni No. 21.5, wah x. 23 and 0, 3695.\n\nNYCK\n\nIYO MARU\n\nW\n\nsale:Neos NƯỚC 1, 21 TEAY10\n\nREPAIRS QUICK.\n\nCaut, FINN MALM\n\nShip and Freight Broker.\n\n2nd Floor, China Building,\n\nQueen's Road Central,\n\nHongkong.\n\nAUSTRALIAN-ORIENTAL LINE, Ltd.\n\n\"CHANGTE\"\n\nThis vessel will sail hence on her maiden voyage on 25th September, at 4 p.m. MANILA, PORT BANGA, PHURSDAY ISLANDAND AUSTRALIAN PORTS.\n\nThrough Bills of Lading isSLYO PO ALI, AUSTRALIA, NEW AND and laghata Puzzs.\n\nNew VankET. IS VIFTER WITH THE PIPGFT AND Most UperG-PATE\n\nFinet AND SECOND CLASS l'azeryone ACCOMATODAYION. (Balling 80bfer an eatin\n\nCONSIGNEE NOTICES.\n\nAMERICAN & MANCHURIAN LIKE.\n\nNew Yor The Stee\n\nMALVERNIAN\" hovleg crvived, Consignes af Cargo by mormed that all goods being landed at trek into the barurdous and/or extra-hazardons Gudren of Hot's Wharf, whence\n\ndelivery ay he obtaine\n\nNo Cu wail be admitted after the Goods are left the Godowns, and sil Goods orating undelivered after 28th August, 1926, will be sub jert to Rent\n\nAll Clains it the Steamer unst be presented to the designed an or before th Septemi, 1825, they will not be recognised.\n\nA becken, cha dangel gends are n be hit in the dews, where they with he examined on any Tuesdays or Priùugs, between the beurs of 10.45 a.m., and Nan, withi the Pres Storage period of Ore Week.\n\nNo Fire instance as boet effected.\n\nHuf Lading wit be erranter- signed by\n\n1HE BANK LINE. LTD.\n\nGeel Agents.\n\nHongkong. Auest 28. 1925.\n\nTHE BEN LINE STEAMERS. LIMITED.\n\nFROM MIDDLESBRO, ANTWERP, LONDON AND STRAITS,\n\nThe Steamship\n\nEÈKVENUE fasaigneon Cargo are hereby informed that z gonds are being jlandad at their ek so the hamme\n\ndans andoz szira anarcus - Jdowns of the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Co., Ltd., whera, sador for the wharroz, delivery may be tiket.\n\nNu etaba w be dated stler the goods have left the godowns, and ell goa\n\nthe delivered after\n\nFor Freight and Parange, apply to BUTTERFIELD & SWIKE, Tel. C. 36.\n\nAgents.\n\nCHINA NAVIGATION CO.,\n\nSAILINGS SUBJECT TO ALTERATION.\n\nFOR\n\nSTRIKEPA\n\nLTD.\n\nTO HALL\n\nWwa, Casroo & TraHVICHOW... 20th Aug., g.m\n\nEvelient Saloon accommodation urridakipe with Muscio Faust.\n\nNoguiar service four times weekly hatween Canim. Hongkong and nai laving Hongkong on Sundays in hang Tunya (vin A Thursdays (via Auto and Batunlays direct, exsand- In to Edingtao.\n\nGaige taken on through bills of Lading to all Yangtze and North Chts Ports.\n\nParents for baugasi de nui respira to tranship at Woosing.\n\nBUTTERFIELD & SWIRK\n\nreet.\n\nili in subject to\n\nAll the '\n\nmust be presented\n\nUndersigne\n\non or buture 8th September, or they\n\nwill not be recognise,\n\nAll breken, chafed ad deranged goode are to be left in the godowns. whers they will be examined on the 20th fratait, at 10 m\n\nNo Fire Insu\n\neffecto.\n\nbas beam\n\nBill of Lading will be counter signed by\n\nGIBB, LIVINGSTON & CO., LTD., Agurta.\n\nHongkong, August 22, 1925,\n\nMAMBURG-AMERICA LINIE.\n\n\"FUERST CRUELOW,\" having arrived Conagages of Cargo by hut are hereby notified what all goods are being landed at ilver risk into the Lazurfous and/or extra hazarduur godowns of the Hongkong nad Kowloon Whorl and Godown Co, whence, and oe Tevin the Wharves, delivery can be obtained.\n\nNo claims will be admitted after the wonde have left a Godowns, and all goods remaining undelivered after 26 August, 1926, will be subject (20 FALL.\n\nVICTORIA SEATTLE & VANCOUVER vs Shanghai and Japan'нG, A'нow 'K. KAYING. 8th Aug., it a.m.\n\nThe Motorship or Steamship\n\nporka urong Bill of Lading ised to all Overiand Commino Painus le ... sud Canada.\n\nParugh passage cases (u Barone cia marios (1.6) 6. $ 420, G. LED, KAGA MAHU... Ditect Nagasaki... Sunday, 30th Arg, Midnight.\n\n...........Weintsday, 16th September.\n\nMARSEILLES LONDON & ANTWERP via finapan & Yes Baturday, 29th August, 11 a.m.\n\nKASHIMA NARU Saturday, 12th September, HAMBURG HA LONDON & ROTTERDAM\n\n.... ............................. Friday. Alat September.\n\nLIVERPOOL ADEN & MARSEILLES\n\nTUBA MARU\n\nSunday, 13th September.\n\nSIDNEY & MELBOURNE via Maglie & Parts\n\nTANGO MARU\n\nWednesday, 23rd September.\n\nAKI MARU\n\nWednesday, 2ial October.\n\nNEW YORK and/or BOSTON vis PANAMA,\n\nMAYBASHI MARUFriday, 11th Heptember, BUENOS AIRES da Ningapore, Durbić & Uspetoño, Delagos Bay and\n\nAlgoa Bay,\n\nKAMAKURA MARU Tuesday, 1st September.\n\nJAVA\n\nBENGAL MARU. Hunday, 6th September.\n\nBOMBAY via Singhpure and Caloto.\n\nSADO MARU”,\n\n............Friday, 11th September.\n\nCALCUTTA via Singapore & Raagoon.\n\nNAGASAKI KOBE & YOKOHAMA.\n\nAKI MARU.\n\nThursday, 17th September.\n\nSHANGHAI KOBE & YOKOHAMA.\n\nMNO MARE FUSHINI MASU TAMBA MARU\n\nHAKOZAKI MARU.\n\nFriday, 4th September.\n\nTuesday, 9th September,\n\n.........\n\nTuatay, 10th Septembar.\n\nTuesday, 22nd September,\n\nFor hurther information apviy to: Phons Capical No. 392, 993 & 2422.\n\nS. KINOSHITA. Waager.\n\nT.K.KLING\n\nHONGKONG SAN FRANCISCO LINE\n\nvia SHANGHAI, NAGASAKI, KOBE YOKOHAMA & HONOLULU\n\nConnecting a San Francisco with Southern Pacife, Sante Fe Western Pacific Railroads.\n\nSailing from Hongkong\n\nSHINYO MARU\n\nSIBERIA MARU (uit How\n\n***\n\nFaptember R.\n\nSectorabe 216.\n\nTAIYO MABU\n\nTENYO MARU.\n\nCreteber 4th.\n\nOctober 19th.\n\n+KOKEA MARU......\n\nNovember ard.\n\n#renoveda vj Niver and beattes alongside Mantaten wierf at Shanghai\n\nKOREA MARU sud SIBERIA MAKU proceed to Los Angeles from San Francisco with cargo only.\n\nREDUCED FAKE TO EUROPE, Firal inse 2120 Thin Clase un Atlantic £112 Second Class £80\n\nSOUTH AMERICAN LINE\n\nThe July direct service between Urient and South America via Japan, Hawaii, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Meztés, Panama, Peru & Chill.\n\nSailings from Hongkong\n\nSINTO MARU.......\n\nANYO MARU\n\nAug 206b, .October 7th.\n\nF. TSETSUJI, Manager, King's Building-\n\nAzent at Canton, Messze. T. B. GRIFFITH, LTD.\n\nTel. C, 2974 & 2375\n\nTelephone Centru B. 36.\n\nAGENTS\n\nCARGO AND BASGAON CAN Yi Insured at THE Verioz\n\nHorverrin & Swinn\n\nDOUGLAS STEAMSHIP CO., LTD.\n\nBONGKONG & SOUTH CHINA PORTS SERVICE.\n\nZEGUAR SERVICE of Wigh Clar Doast Steters having gond sacommodation for Best Olas Fesamtgers, Eletric Light and Fans in Stat root and Saloons ud Excellent Crimina\n\nFOR AMOY & FOOCHOW\n\nCall at Aravy for Pussengeza osky. AND RETURN\n\n(Coy hus 9 to In Mays]\n\nArrivals and Dentures from the Company's Weart (Rest Blake Vier) Hound Trip Tingots will be issued fron iongkong to Ronchow (Pagoda pohor\n\n\"Halskj at the Reduced Bate of #009 Julvling Man's while the s\n\nFreight and Parsage sypiƒ to:--\n\nare and return by the xenis ateumer, by the \"Kaining\", in Port\n\n-DOUGLAS LAPRAIK & CO.\n\nGeortal Magom\n\nPRINCE LINE FAR EAST SERVICE\n\nBegular slugs to Boston andjor New York by fast freight steamers.\n\nFor BOSTON\n\nand\n\nNEW YORK\n\nS.S. \"GAELIC PRINCE\".2ud half September.\n\nFor freight and further particulars apply to\n\nFURNESS (FAR EAST), LTD\n\nInnorporated in Great Britain, Ring's Building.\n\nTelephuua Central No. $166.\n\nTelegrams: Furtprince\n\nTHE EAST ASIATIC CO., LIMITED, COPENHAGEN.\n\nThe M.S\n\n*TONGKING\n\n*\n\nwill be loading for ROTTERDAM, AMSTERDAM, HAMBURG, COPENHAGEN and athor Sendingcias porte at or about 15th of September.\n\nExpected cu Will leave homeward\n\nbound on or about\n\nor noo\n\nFurther sailinge :-- HASTA in optamber 3. \"A\" - - - ............ 13 mm. Matt ge 1.2. •ATRIKA\"... 10th May M.§. \"GANZAYA Hik Draga h\n\nSubject to change without notice.\n\nFor further particulars plezas apply to\n\nJOHN MANNERS & CO, LTD,\n\nAgenta.\n\nAll clamos umat reach us by 2ītu August, 1925, or they will not be recognised.\n\nAll damaged packages will be examined by Heners. Goddard Douglas Marine Surmayoga) et\n\n10 H.DL, un 26th August, 1926.\n\nNu Fire Insurance will be stinct?.\n\nBill of Lading will be countacsigo-\n\ned by\n\nJERSEN & CO.,\n\nAgents. Hongkong, August 21, 1995,\n\nN... LINE.\n\n(NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA.) From Europe and Straits.\n\nThe Steamship\n\nSUWA MARU\" having arrived from the above ports, Consignage of Cargo ATE hereby in- formed that their Goods are being lezded and placed at their risk in Hongkong and howloon Wharf and Godown Company's Godutos as Kowloon, whence delivers may be obtained.\n\nThe shove stezce recurried to Hongkong the general TEN \"Toycoks Maru\" frora Japan oversized to Sigepore constating. Ituatiy ní Fulton gocas from Japan, and tiene goods\n\ndows of the Hongkong ano Kowloon Whert and Gadorn 65. Deliver? of sam will be granted after repayment to this Ufire of the charges interval at Singapor\n\nGoods not cleared by the 29th |August, 1925, will be subject in rant.\n\nDamaged Packages must be left in the Godown for examination by the Comigone's and the Co.'s representa\n\nves na any Tuesdays and Fridays, (at 2.20 p... within the free storage\n\nPeriod.\n\n·Tieve also been tanded into lov -\n\nAll dentist be presented within ten days of the teamòa's arrival bese after which date ther cannot be Joogalood.\n\nNo claims will be rmitted after įthe goods have left the Godeyiz.\n\nNo Fire Itanha buen effected.\n\nNIPPON YUSEN KAISHA Hongkong, 22nd Augest, 1925.\n\nAMERICAN PIONEER LINE.\n\nConsignees of all cargo ex thy sɔ. \"Dryden arrised at this on August 1, 1326, from Salveston, Teres via ports, are hereby notified that a futer exuntiantino of mil brokee. thufed and durunged care will be held on August. 2. 1328, 7. the premises of The Hongkong and Kowloon What and Godows Un, La. ity the Company's Surveyors, exars,\n\nAndersus and Ache.\n\nAMERICAN 13ONEER LISE By\n\nADMIRAL ORIENTAL LINE, Agente.\n\nHongkong, August 26, 1926,\n\nPage\n\n166", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-489N - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 500992, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925", "page_number": 19, "title": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925", "content_text": "HONG KONG\n\n17\n\n1925\n\nFOR CIRCULATION\n\nMr. Begret.\n\nMr.\n\nAsst. U.S.\n\nDATE\n\n10 March 11264\n\n11 MK 25\n\nReport of Inter-Departmental Conference.\n\nPiracy\n\nConcurs in proposal to communicate\n\n4 Kony Yout.\n\nPerm.8. of 8.\n\nThe Report to China Association.\n\nPrevious Paper\n\nGree Guila Como-\n\n26 March 1928\n\nMINUTES\n\nthe action proposed (modified where necessary for delays)\n\nof the West bachand ine clas oceaned\n\n17.0.59907/24\n\nThe be taken, the uport Inter-Dept! Conference (52373)\n\nCofer within 5.75.\n\nkousi du whether to who will be submitted musicrity Lave to he report of the 14.2. Cutter (10336)\n\nhave about wah.\n\nnot yet heard officially contains anythining decision\n\nBriefly the mainosity to ul.\n\nwill affect points wh, the signatones Moms Lurie (11172)\n\nreport be may\n\n2 apl' 25. Bab.\n\n44 ape 5 Bija.\n\nAttempt follows:-\n\nSubsequent Paper\n\n(1 Protection of agamst 1116917\n\n2) (334313) Wt. 17813/38 Gp. 140 0000 12-24 W & S Ltd. such protection.\n\nthe promise of the Navy, to Shipping company's\n\nPage 8\n\n...\n\nY\n\nX\n\nX\n\nParis U. of S. Secretary of State..\n\njased »van #dy, ka\n\n18.(7\n\nbe submitted\n\nch\n\nsin main\n\nbe\n\nhave\n\nwww.atl\n\nM. Sww.Asen.\n\n59907/200\n\nAut\n\nPiag tarpay ev\n\nH\n\nlook Lave the right to\n\n200\n\nPage XX\n\n \n\n(8)\n\nC\n\n-YUAHIT\n\nsa okay pisTit#regrão de id nad Wrom taal\n\nNEOLE#TITY #ZATL. =102, .bartooman mi youniq sa TEÌ\n\nat{e sovix notuð at rednovoll gran me Jus beixtuD STEW\n\n‚ #fo=#=[[suz UILE Tabionnon v bau adnotava mis pď @ku ben maki xo0% N Tagedes 20h and, domst, two di...\n\nmidt to wet a yd soɑrvba etutzmetĘ\n\nSaga oft er ay troked gainea eft no mietbios\n\nti se Inikaonove as griso noivaraqo edt SeJayvanq DIA\n\n«gs bebærcT SIG\n\n-t e\n\nPOIAN\n\nPROM\n\ndamay\n\ncat lost!\n\nBefore\n\nbe\n\nwill\n\n...\n\nکر کو میں\n\nPage XX", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 501062, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925", "page_number": 89, "title": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925", "content_text": "THE CHINESE DISORDERS.\n\nFUTILE PEKING PROPOSALS.\n\nMONG-KONG BOYCOTT MORE WORKERS DESERTING.\n\n(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)\n\nPEKING, JUNE 25. The disquieting incidents reported at Ningpo, in Chekiang, and Hoibow, a port on the north of the Island of Hainan, are overshadowed by the news of the dangerous encounter at Canton. Details are lacking, but if it be true, as it appears to be, that Regular troops joined in the unprovoked attack on foreigners at Shameen, the promises of the local government to maintain order and protect the foreign quarter are not worth much.\n\nThe sharp Note sent yesterday by the Diplomatic Body to the Waichiaopu [Foreign Office] does not appear to have had a chastening effect. In a Note to-day the Waichiaopu puts forward as a basis of negotiation in regard to the Shanghai situation the 13 points already discussed at Shanghai with the Diplomatic Delegates and pronounced by them to be inadmissible for negotiation. They include the punishment of the police, the dismissal of the secretary of the Municipal Council, and an apology, demands which involve the assumption that the municipal authorities were at fault. It is certainly unfortunate that there has been no judicial inquiry into the affair at Shanghai, for until the facts are properly established the Chinese will adhere to their view that unjustifiable violence was used.\n\nThe Note concludes with the brusque statement: \"The Chinese Government deems it absolutely necessary that the unequal treaties between China and the Powers should be revised.\" This language is hardly becoming in a Government enjoying so little respect at home or abroad.\n\nIn another vein is a second Note addressed individually to the Legations, written in the orthodox diplomatic style and distinguished by the usual platitudes relating to international amity. In this the Chinese Government observes that the treaties are out of date and reminds the Powers that encouragement was given to China during the war to hope for improvement in her international status and urges the readjustment of treaty relations on an equitable basis in satisfaction of the legitimate aspirations of the Chinese people. In the first Note may be detected the uncouth hand of an angry student, in the second the studied elegance of the flower of Young China as represented at Versailles and Washington, and behind both Notes is evident the intention to make the most of the present disorders and endeavour to rush the Powers into premature commitments in order to escape present embarrassments.\n\nUndoubtedly there is room for improvement in regard to the treaties and reason for the plea for concessions to the aspirations of the Chinese people. At the same time, the Government has the duty to protect foreign interests, and any inability to do so invalidates its claim for consideration. It should be a preliminary to any discussion of the treaties that the Chinese Government promptly puts an end to the present dangerous campaign against foreigners, which could easily be done by ... military authorities at all ...\n\nREPORTED BOMB PLOT IN SHANGHAI.\n\nPOLICE PRECAUTIONS.\n\n(FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.)\n\nSHANGHAI, JUNE 25. After several days of quiet public anxiety has again been aroused. Last evening the police heard of a plot on the part of the students to hire motor-cars and drive round the Settlement to-day throwing bombs. Extraordinary precautions were immediately taken. All public garages were forbidden to let cars out on hire, and special patrols were placed everywhere, so that not a Chinese could move unquestioned. The Dragon Festival thus passed off quietly.\n\nSo far as can be seen, the merchants and the shops will restart business to-morrow. The decision reached at yesterday's conference still stands, and to-night the Chinese Chamber of Commerce obtained the permission of the Municipal Council to send coolies round the streets to distribute leaflets calling on everyone to resume work.\n\nThe attitude of the labourers, the seamen, and the employees of British concerns is still uncertain. The strike has been so great a failure from the point of view of the Chinese, resulting in loss of \"face\" and money, that the agitators will assuredly concentrate all their efforts to make the boycott a success. As previously pointed out, the shipping strike alone has an economic side. The deciding question is probably whether sufficient strike funds are available.\n\nTIENTSIN, June 25.-Chang Hsueh-liang, the son of Chang Tso-lin, has arrived here from Shanghai.-Reuter.\n\n**A letter from Shanghai describing the writer's experiences on the outbreak of the disturbances in China appears on page 13.**\n\nTHE CANTON SHOOTING.\n\nCONSUL-GENERAL'S REPLY TO GOVERNOR'S NOTE.\n\nHONG KONG, June 25.-The Governor of Canton, in his Note to the Civil British Consul-General with reference to the shooting in Canton on Tuesday, in addition to stating that the British and French had started the firing, said that a Portuguese gunboat fired its big guns. He added \"The killed and wounded totalled over a hundred, and this brutal killing was premeditated and secretly planned.\"\n\nThe British Consul-General in his reply points out that the Portuguese gunboat did not take part in the affair.\n\n\"The British senior naval officer and myself were,\" declares the Consul-General, \"standing unarmed by the bridge for the special purpose of guarding against any precipitate or nervous action on the part of the defenders, and we only escaped with our lives out of the hail of bullets which was directed against us. It was only then that in self-defence fire was opened from Shameen and by the French forces, who were similarly attacked. Firing from Shameen ceased even before the sniping from the tops of houses opposite was discontinued by the Chinese.\n\nYou state that the action taken by the British and French authorities was premeditated. This I absolutely deny.\" Premeditation was on the part of the Chinese Troops or military students, the Consul-General declares, and proceeds to state that ...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 501216, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925", "page_number": 243, "title": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925", "content_text": "(a) slack observance of the Merchant Shipping Act Regulations and \n\n(b) because vessels privileged to fly the red ensign enjoy much immunity from interference by pirates owing to our prestige.\n\nThe reason for the above remarks is because it is possible that the Hong Kong Government through the Colonial Office may suggest that the Admiralty should augment the Canton Delta Flotilla.\n\n(In this connection it will be recalled that the question of the abuse of the British flag by unscrupulous Chinese shipowners getting their vessels registered at Hong Kong in the name of a Chinese British subject was discussed at the meeting held at the Colonial Office on the 17th of June 1934, at which Sir J. Jamieson was present. It is proposed that this question should be further discussed at the forthcoming conference.)\n\n14. In September, a despatch was received from the Governor reporting that the 4 launches had been in commission for nearly a year and that the fact that there had not been any serious outbreak of piracy during that time had, in his view, justified their employment. The Admiralty had already agreed to the policy of their bearing the cost of the guns, ammunition, and naval armaments stores supplied to the launches and also that of the pay and victualling of the British officers and men. The general expenses of running the launches (including their hire) had, however, been borne by the Colony.\n\nHe submitted that the protection of British Trade outside the waters of the Colony is primarily...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 501579, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925", "page_number": 606, "title": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925", "content_text": "!ROAP\n\nJ\n\nAs regards the minutes on 7495, I would point out that there is no reason for following in Straits and Hong Kong a similar course to that taken in Ceylon, since the circumstances are presumably different. Ceylon is not directly concerned with the effects of the importation of arms into China, and, moreover, any action taken by Ceylon to prevent the carriage of arms in transit would almost immediately fail of effect since vessels carrying arms to China would make use of some other port of call. While I do not suggest that we should take into account the loss which Ceylon would suffer from this diversion of shipping, yet I am seriously concerned that the Ceylon Government should not be involved in legal proceedings, the result of which might be doubtful. Although the Ceylon Law Officers have held that the Customs Ordinances and the Ordinances governing the importation and exportation of arms can be held to apply to arms entering Colombo in transit, yet this is not the view which the Secretary of State's legal advisers have expressed, and the attitude of the Board of Customs in this country seems to imply that while they, of course, maintain that the Imperial Acts of a similar nature would apply to goods in transit, yet they are not at all anxious to put the matter to the test, and in practice they do not enforce such prohibitions. In the circumstances, it would be a very serious matter for the Ceylon Government if a case were brought in the Ceylon Courts by a shipper of arms backed by all the force of a foreign government, as might well have happened in the particular case of the Italian battalion aeroplanes recently detained, if the Imperial Government are prepared to enforce similar prohibitions in this country, it would, of course, be possible by additional legislation in Ceylon, to put the right of seizure in such cases beyond all question, but measures of this kind may, perhaps, be discussed at the proposed Inter-departmental Conference.\n\nMore\n\n23-3-25\n\n600\n\nsuch", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 501712, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925", "page_number": 739, "title": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925", "content_text": "IMPROVEMENT AT HONG KONG.\n\nFEARS OF GOVERNMENT WEAKNESS.\n\n(FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.)\n\nHONG-KONG, JULY 1. The situation here is steadily improving. There have been no fresh strikes. The tramway service is being extended. More foreign volunteers are lending their aid. The Naval men are handing over the ferries to men of the Mercantile Marine whose ships are laid up.\n\nCanton has been cutting off supplies of vegetables for Hong-kong, but the food situation is generally satisfactory. Agitation and intimidation are still in evidence and a pork seller has been murdered and another injured, but there have been no other cases of violence.\n\nForeign opinion is becoming anxious lest the Government should weaken and allow the strike to end indecisively, a state of things which would probably leave the way open to similar boycotts in the future. Another point which weighs with unofficial opinion is that the Government has not carried out the intention with which it was credited to deport strikers and prevent them from profiting by orderly conditions which the Government has maintained. The Government appears to think that the entire local trouble is due to intimidation from Canton from which the workers should be protected, whereas unofficial opinion contends that the Hong-kong workers are deeply implicated and that intimidation is not so great a factor as the Government believes.\n\nCanton and other ports are quiet. The big demonstration which was held yesterday at Canton carefully avoided Shameen. Canton officials are reported to be actively organizing a boycott of British and Japanese goods.\n\nTERRORISM AT SHANGHAI.\n\nBOLSHEVIST AGENT'S ACTIVITIES.\n\n(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)\n\nSHANGHAI, JULY 1.\n\nOsermin, the Bolshevist Consul here, in an interview in the China Press (an American daily newspaper), indignantly denounces the document found on the Bolshevist agent Dosser as a palpable forgery deliberately invented by the police and inserted in Dosser's belongings. Osermin declares that there is no such thing in China as an Agitation Department and says that Dosser is merely the agent of a naphtha syndicate. If so it is curious that he so easily found money for $20,000 (over £3,000) bail.\n\nDosser comes up again for trial on Friday, when important revelations are expected. Further examination by the police of Dosser's papers leaves no doubt of his quality as a Bolshevist agent and the extent of Bolshevist plottings in China.\n\nWhile Shanghai is outwardly quiet the strike is as tenacious as ever. The shipping situation is becoming very serious. There are now 45 British vessels laid up, not including launches and tenders. French vessels are discharging at Chinese wharves, but the coolies are afraid to touch British and Japanese cargo.\n\nThe first sign of possible retaliation was a notice to-day by the Electricity Department to the bulk of the consumers saying that, owing to the strike, it may become necessary to cut off the supply. This means that if the British and Japanese mills are not allowed to work neither shall the Chinese, which at present are fully employed. There is a growing feeling among the more responsible foreigners that unless the Powers act drastically there will be no end to the strike. Such action, it is urged, should take the form of a blockade of Canton and Shanghai.\n\nPage 729\n\nFOREIGN RIGHTS IN CHINA.\n\nAMERICAN ATTITUDE.\n\nEXTRA-TERRITORIAL QUESTION.\n\n(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)\n\nWASHINGTON, JULY 1. There has been a further conversation between Mr. Kellogg, the Secretary of State, and Mr. Sze, the Chinese Minister, and, though no hint has yet been given of the suggestions Mr. Sze is understood to have made, the general policy of the United States does not, for the present, seem to have advanced beyond a desire that Resolution V. of the Washington Conference, providing for the study of the question of extra-territoriality, shall be given effect as quickly as possible, and the intention to urge this upon the other Powers. I am given to understand that the recent conversations in London have shown that the British Government is in general accord with this attitude.\n\nAs I have already pointed out, action under Resolution V. would have been taken within the time specified if the Chinese authorities themselves had not requested a postponement for a year and the Powers acceded to this request, though in the case of France there was a refusal to accept a definite date. As matters now stand, however, the United States Government sees no reason for further delay.\n\nThere is, of course, no assumption in the American official mind that we are yet within reaching distance of abrogation of extraterritoriality, but in responsible quarters it is unhesitatingly admitted that the course of policy should and will be towards ultimate abandonment of these special privileges. Resolution V. calls for a gathering of the representatives of the Powers, who, after examination of the question, shall report to their respective Governments, and the sort of report which would be likely to find favour in American eyes can already be predicted with reasonable certainty. It would call for the codification of the law to be administered within the Chinese boundaries as the first step and then for an agreement that this code and not the varying systems of foreign Powers should be administered, whether by foreign officials having jurisdiction over their own nationals or by Mixed Tribunals or by Chinese Judges. The gradual transfer of judicial authority to China might thus be contrived through a period of transition and with the minimum of danger to the unquestionable rights of foreign residents. This is not to say that the United States Government is already committed to a plan of this definite kind, but it is unquestionably some such cautious development that is hoped for. The process of study and change would admittedly be a slow one, and hence likely to arouse the violent opposition of the more hot-headed Chinese agitators. This notwithstanding, it is the most that can at present be hoped for and, whatever Senator Borah or sentimentalists in America may say, seems to be all that would find genuine support in this country.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 503274, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]", "page_number": 349, "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]", "content_text": "J\n\n10\n\n—\n\nWe need scarcely say that we do not ask that any voluntary abstention should be \"suppressed by force\". All that we ask is that an involuntary abstention should not be maintained by force or artificial means. We do not wish to be misunderstood here. We fully realise that a year ago many Chinese believed, erroneously as we think, that they had reason for making a protest against the action of various foreign nations in connection with the incidents referred to above. If they had such reason, which we deny, they have made that protest, in various ways, but we are convinced that the great bulk of the people, always excepting those whose interest it is to maintain the boycott, would now gladly resume normal relations.\n\nIt is further alleged in the statements of the Chinese delegation that \"the practical blockade which the Government of Hongkong instituted against Canton and the rest of the province was a powerful predisposing and later continuing factor in the maintenance and enforcement of the anti-British boycott,\" and that \"this Hongkong severance of economic relations with Canton suggested the precise form in which patriotic retaliation for June 24 should express itself.\" This is a good example of putting a bad construction on perfectly innocent actions. The Hongkong Government did not institute any blockade of Canton or the rest of the province. Hongkong did not sever economic relations with Canton. The prohibition of the exportation of certain foodstuffs was a measure dictated by common prudence for the purpose of conserving the food supplies of the Colony. By the 22nd June the shipping strike had already begun, and no one knew how far the importation of foodstuffs into the Colony might not be interfered with. If this was a blockade by Hongkong, it was a blockade of the whole world. The object of the prohibition was shown by the notification of the 11th August, which announced that licences would be given freely for the exportation to all destinations subject to adequate reserves being maintained in the Colony, and the embargo was wholly removed on the 9th October. The prohibition of the exportation of coin, bullion and notes was a measure of ordinary financial prudence for the protection of the currency and financial system of the Colony.\n\nThus purely defensive measures, imposed on Hongkong by the strike, are twisted into an attack on Canton. In fact, the statement of the Chinese delegation on this point seems to us to be a desperate attempt to find an excuse and an explanation for the institution and maintenance of the boycott against Hongkong, a community which had not been concerned in any way with the incidents previously described.\n\nFinally, we take this opportunity to enter an indignant protest against the attempt which has been made by means of unscrupulous propaganda throughout the course of this unhappy trouble to throw the blame on Hongkong and on the British nation. In truth, the malady of which the Chinese delegation speak is an internal one and will not be cured by attacking the British people, who of all others are most desirous of seeing a happy, prosperous and independent China with whom they can conduct their trade.\n\nWe fully appreciate the fact that the whole outlook of large sections of the Chinese people has changed in recent years, and we sincerely sympathise with the ambition of the Chinese nation to take that great place in the world to which its genius entitles it. The Government of Hongkong, in particular, is prepared to assist in the development of those provinces with which the Colony is brought into immediate contact, in any way which may be of mutual benefit, and it is in this direction that we hope a solution of the present difficulties may be found.\n\nPage 347\n\nNo. 6.\n\nSTATEMENT\n\nMADE BY THE\n\nCHINESE DELEGATION\n\nAT THE\n\nMEETING OF Wednesday, the 21st July, 1926.\n\n347\n\nAs trustees of power on behalf of the Chinese people in the Liang-Kuang, the Nationalist Government sets the utmost value on publicity both as a means of public information and of mass education and discipline. The beneficiaries must know if we, as trustees, are in serve and not merely to dominate and exploit them, reason of policy that the Chinese Delegation cannot share the objection of the British Delegation to the immediate publication of statements embodying final, and not purely tentative, views on a question of such commanding public interest as the anti-British Boycott. There is also a specific reason. For more than a year the British press and publicists have exacerbated the public opinion of the world adversely to Canton which has been consistently mis-represented as a centre of senseless hostility and agitation against the British.\n\nIt must surely serve the interests not only of historical truth but of this conference if fiction is replaced by fact, and public opinion is rightly informed as to the true Chinese reasons for the existing anti-British trouble in this territory. We, at any rate, believe in open diplomacy as a necessity of modern government and in publicity generally as the foe of the idols of Occidental prestige and Oriental \"face\" than which there are no greater obstacles in the transaction of international affairs in the Far East.\n\nIt is clearly not within the scope of this Conference to review the Shanghai shooting on May 30 in the sense of an immediate cause of the anti-British boycott in the Liang-Kuang. Reference was made to it in the Chinese statement as but one of the massive features of the **causal background** out of which sprang the tragedy of the Shameen on June 23. And it is strictly in this sense that we have to traverse the version of the incident set forth in the British statement and, referring to the so-called vindication of Inspector Evanson by the Shanghai Judicial Enquiry, to emphasize the refusal of the Chinese people as a whole to have anything to do with the investigation. We agree that \"previous experience was utilised in dealing with the anniversary crowd of May 30 at Shanghai, which conclusively proved that a Chinese crowd can be dispersed without invoking the application of the doctrine of the preventive measure. As regards what happened at Hankow the British statement is incomplete without a reference to the double fact that the Chinese crowd was unarmed save as to sticks and poles and that the British forces included British marines armed with quick-firing machine-guns.\n\nWe have stated and we repeat that the anti-British boycott has been the immediate and direct outcome of the shooting off the Shameen on June 23. This is the case. If the boycott is to be ended, its cause must be dealt with. But while a consideration of this cause involves the question of responsibility as a vital issue, it is impossible to accept seriously as evidence on the point the allegation that it was definitely stated in Chinese circles in Canton and Hongkong on June 23rd that an attack was to be made on Shameen on the following day, and prominent Chinese actually took refuge in Hongkong and made other dispositions to meet such an eventuality. This presumably is a repetition of part of the then British Consul-General's disputable story of the events preceding the actual shooting on June 23. The baseless reports in \"Chinese circles\" and \"prominent Chinese\" (wealthy and therefore unduly nervous) running to Hongkong for refuge should be accepted as evidence of a plan of \"attack on Shameen\" is rather a sad commentary on human credibility. But this Shameen gullibility also testifies to the existence of a state and condition of the official mind on June 23 which explains why the events of the day marched to their tragic ending. To the then British Consul-General, an attack on the Shameen was an article of faith and, naturally he detected the diabolic intention in most things that came within his range of vision during the fateful hours immediately preceding the enactment of the tragedy.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 503858, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10]", "page_number": 354, "title": "CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10]", "content_text": "Sir S. Wilson 92. Amery\n\n350\n\nWhen they rejected the proposal of the Governor of Hong Kong that an ultimatum should be sent to Canton and followed up by a blockade of the port, His Majesty's Government promised further consideration of the minor measures of coercion suggested by the Commodore. These measures were that the work of the port should be brought to a stand-still by driving the Chinese junks down the river so that ocean-going vessels would be unable to load or unload, and that Chinese shipping should be prevented from entering the port. Mr. Clutterbuck and I attended a conference at the Foreign Office on 4th instant to hear the result of the further consideration of these suggestions by the fighting departments.\n\nThe Admiralty representative said that since the last conference they had ascertained that the General Officer Commanding's scheme to garrison Shameen with two platoons was based on a guarantee from the Commodore that these troops could be evacuated if necessary. The Admiralty were not prepared to back that guarantee, and that completely altered the situation. Shameen would certainly be attacked if the Commodore's proposals were carried out. It could only be defended by bombarding or bombing Canton. The Admiralty were definitely not prepared to recommend bombardment of a crowded city full of women and children and highly inflammable. Their considered conclusion therefore was that the only measure which it was practicable for the Navy to take were those already taken, i.e., to drive the strike pickets off the water front.\n\nIncidentally, it appeared that the Commodore had...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 503936, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10]", "page_number": 432, "title": "CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10]", "content_text": "3\n\nDespatch from H. E. the Governor Hong Kong to\n\nSecretary of State for Colonies.\n\nGOVERNMENT House,\n\nN.B.—This Sessional Paper includes two Despatches, dated 18th February, 1926, from the Governor of Hong Kong to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, amplified by notes on freak years, and by further particulars of former cases where the lapse of time has led to further information being available.\n\nSir,\n\nHong Kong, 18th February, 1926.\n\nIn continuation of my previous despatches on the subject of the boycott and political strike declared by Canton against British interests in Hong Kong and South China I have the honour to draw your attention to the manner in which treaty rights have been infringed during the course of those two movements.\n\n2. These breaches of treaty rights are all the more intolerable because His Majesty's Government, actuated by feelings of the greatest friendliness and goodwill towards China, have quite recently recognised that the treaties between Great Britain and China need revision, and representatives of His Majesty's Government are now actually engaged in conference with the representatives of China and of other powers in considering, inter alia, that very revision. One would have expected at this juncture a scrupulous observance of existing treaty rights instead of the present flagrant disregard of the most reasonable treaty obligations.\n\n3. The contrast in this respect between the Government of Canton and the authorities of Central and North China is very marked. The Canton Government, inspired by Bolshevist intrigue and animated by the Bolshevist ideal of creating disorder in every territory but its own, naturally seizes on this opportunity of endeavouring to create an atmosphere unfavourable to friendliness and conciliation.\n\n4. The present ill-timed attack by the Canton Government on our normal treaty relations is evidently a deliberate attack directed against the British Empire. The people of Canton had no grievance against Hong Kong but they are compelled to maintain a boycott against this Colony. The working classes of Hong Kong had no complaint against their employers or the conditions of their employment but they were led by specious words and driven by criminal terrorism into a strike which was maintained only by means of the most drastic picketing and which has since collapsed in spite of that picketing. That strike, as has been admitted by the Canton Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, was instituted \"not for economic reasons but as a protest against the British Government\". The brunt of the onset is borne by Hong Kong, but the attack is aimed at, and will be felt by, British trade and British shipping generally. That this violent and unjustified disturbance of our long established and mutually advantageous commercial relations will cause loss to the merchants of Hong Kong, of England, and of Canton, alike, is evidently regarded with equanimity by the Government of Canton.\n\n5. The Canton Government is clearly responsible for these breaches of treaty rights. Apart from its responsibility as the de facto Government of the province there is ample evidence that it is in full sympathy with, and that it actually supports the Strike Committee by which the strike was kept up till it failed and by which the boycott is still being maintained.\n\n6. The following are the chief treaty provisions which have been infringed, with instances to illustrate how they have been infringed. I have arranged the treaty provisions and the infringements in parallel columns:—\n\nTREATY OF NANKING.\n\nArticle I.\n\nPeace and Friendship. Protection of Persons and Property.\n\nThere shall henceforward be peace and friendship between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of\n\n(a) Short of actual hostilities and capture of shipping, the Canton Government practically maintains a state of war against Hong Kong and British shipping and British interests.\n\n(b) British shipping is denied the facilities of the port at Canton and Swatow.\n\n(c) British subjects at Canton, if they leave Shamien, are at any moment liable to be arrested for breaches of the Strike Committee's Rules.\n\n*Particulars of a case in point are printed at the end of this despatch. See Note 1.\n\n412", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 503938, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10]", "page_number": 434, "title": "CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10]", "content_text": "heen subjected to insult or violence. In all cases of incendiarism or robbery, the local authorities shall at once take the necessary steps for the recovery of the stolen property, the suppression of disorder, and the arrest of the guilty parties, whom they will punish according to law.\n\n6\n\narmed launch and they were abducted. Energetic efforts on the part of the Consul General and the Company secured Mr. Cadman's release that evening but not before he had been subjected to considerable indignity. His hands were bound with rope and he was led through the streets followed by a mob shouting out, \"Kill the English devil\". At the Strike Headquarters he had to undergo a form of trial while the mob outside shouted \"Kill him\". The two Indians were subjected to even worse treatment. They were bound, beaten, chained, deprived of all their clothing except their pantaloons, kicked, and threatened with death. They were ordered to clean out latrines, and when they refused to undergo what was to them a gross indignity they were beaten. Beef was thrown into their rice, so that they had to choose between going hungry and acting contrary to their religious belief. They were not released until the 6th January, in spite of repeated applications by the Consul General to the Foreign Office at Canton, and in spite of several assurances by the Foreign Office officials that the men had been released or would shortly be released.\n\nOn the trade of Great Britain 7. It may be added that the deliberate attack described above is in direct conflict with the spirit of the Washington Nine Power Treaty of 1922, in which the contracting powers, other than China, agreed to use their influence for the purpose of effectually establishing and maintaining the principle of equal opportunity for the commerce and industry of all nations throughout the territory of China. The treatment which British interests have recently been receiving from the Canton Government has been unequal and most unjust. British shipping is denied the facilities of the port at Canton and the shipping of other nationals is granted facilities there only if it avoids Hong Kong and does not carry British goods. British merchants are not allowed to trade with Canton and British goods are confiscated.\n\n8. The present treaties between Great Britain and China may contain provisions which call for revision, either now or in the early future. That is a matter for the Conference now sitting at Peking to consider. But they also contain provisions which merely enunciate the relations which ordinarily subsist between the subjects and citizens of friendly powers, who live and trade side by side on conditions of perfect friendship and equality. It is these provisions that the Canton Government has seen fit to attack, and it is of the breach of provisions of this class that I complain.\n\n9. I am sending a copy of this despatch to His Majesty's Minister at Peking and His Majesty's Consul-General at Canton.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour most obedient humble servant,\n\n(Sd.) C. CLEMENTI,\n\nGovernor, &c.\n\nTHE RIGHT Honourable\n\nLieutenant COLONEL L. C. M. S. AMERY, M.P.,\n\n&c.,\n\n&c.,\n\n&c.\n\n7\n\nNote 1.\n\nOn the 27th January 1926 Mohamed Ali, Hong Kong Police guard No. 39 employed upon the British S.S. Lungshan landed in Shamien and proceeded to a house in Tai Sze Street, in Canton City, where he had previously been employed. His object was to recover a bag of his personal effects. On his return about 5 p.m. he was stopped just outside the English bridge by men in uniform, wearing strike-picket badges. He was accused of being a Shamien policeman and was taken in custody to the Pickets' headquarters at Tung Un, where he was incarcerated in a wooden shed, about 5 feet square, with thirty Chinese prisoners. He was not bound but had to remain standing or sitting as there was no room to lie down. Under these conditions he was detained for eight days, being threatened with imprisonment and with shooting. He was then taken to a police-station, and subsequently released on condition that he returned direct to Hong Kong without entering the Shamien. He was enabled to proceed directly on board the S.S. Lungshan by means of a pass given him at the police-station. The translation is as follows:-\n\nNote paper for use at the\n\nForeign Office,\n\nKwang Tung.\n\nThis is to certify that the Indian named Mohamed Ali, a British subject, was detained by the Strike Pickets and after having been heard by the Special Criminal Court, was sent to this office where he was forthwith discharged so as to enable him to return home.\n\n5th day, February\n\n15th year\n\n(Seal)\n\nof the Chinese Republic (3.2.26.).\n\nForeign Office, Kwang Tung.\n\n(Seal).\n\nHis release was a somewhat belated response to a complaint made by H.B.M. Consul General on January 28th 1926, eight days previous to the date of the pass.\n\nNote 2.\n\nThe following report dated 26th June, 1926 from the Commanding Officer H.M.S. Cicala details a typical case of interference by strike-pickets with persons attempting to hold Communications with British steamers at Canton,\n\nat about 2000 yesterday, June 25th, the Strike Picket Motor-boat Tung Shan opened fire on a small junk containing about 40 passengers and cargo, which was making for alongside S.S. Fatshan in a strong ebb. The position of Tung Shan was approximately about four points on port bow distant 400 yards of S.S. Fatshan.\"\n\nThe attack was beaten off by vigorous fire being opened by coolies in charge of some vegetable boats already discharging alongside Fatshan. It is estimated that about 40 shots were exchanged from apparently Thompson guns. The Strike Picket boat retired with great speed towards Fati, firing desultory shots, and disappeared into shadows of innumerable junks.\n\nThe crew of the attacked junk jumped overboard as is customary, including the owner, who afterwards scrambled on board Fatshan having been shot through the rump. Medical attention was rendered on board Fatshan by Medical Officer of H.M.S. Cicala\n\nThis incident called forth the following protest from H.B.M. Consul-General:\n\n\"I am informed by the British naval authorities that a new picket boat has appeared on the river: a large motor launch completely surrounded by armour plates and manned by about thirty armed men.\n\nThe presence of such a formidable craft in the Canton harbour, under the control of an irresponsible organization like the strike committee, is a very grave menace to peace.\"\n\n414", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 504438, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]", "page_number": 308, "title": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]", "content_text": "Sam was sure that let it \n\nB \n\n• \n\nwing. Bundle \n\nwell as \n\nYou with as \n\nany \n\ndoubt considered \n\nlead that be given 45. \n\nby drawing attention to the just that \n\nit worth. Point shame is primarily for \n\nCoasters \n\nThe question of Corded as \n\nConsulting Engineers \n\nSome importance. \n\nlamentable failure at Prai which \n\nwas largely \n\ndue to failure to obtain \n\nExpert advice. I think the S. ft. \n\nbe \n\nwould be failing in his duty to the Colony \n\nand \n\nBritish shipping if he \n\ndid not take advantage \n\nof the \n\npresent hold up \n\n- \n\nin it hang \n\n209 \n\nA \n\na side view \n\n8 \n\nVynne \n\n8.A.6 \n\nI was suspect \n\nthat it might be with \n\nLead \n\n& ascertain \n\nDufte \n\nJ \n\ntheme \n\nwhat the question might be \n\nbrought up at a \n\nconference. \n\nGroup Council for this \n\nBecken 22/1/26 \n\nSir S. Wilson. \n\nThis is a \n\nnote \n\nof \n\na Conference with \n\nSir Edward Stubbs about harbour \n\ndevelopment in \n\nHong Kong. It \n\nmay possibly be that he is right. I \n\nthat the Shipping Committees can add much to the \n\nquestion \n\nBut after the \n\ndevelopment to give the Committee \n\nopportunity of offering any \n\ncomments. \n\nI propose therefore that \n\nthe question should be referred to \n\nles regards \n\nthe C.E., we think \n\nthe Colony ought to have consulting \n\nEngineers, but they will not have \n\nCoode \n\nThat firm \n\nIn Matthews \n\nare \n\nat present in view \n\nof \n\nGamy \n\nprim. \n\na cloud \n\n9 \n\nPrai,\n\ncannot insist on their being of great \n\nI hope however to get from the Secretary some expression of \n\nin favour of expert \n\nTrinidad \n\nadvice \n\nwhich will facilitate.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 504440, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]", "page_number": 310, "title": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]", "content_text": "I have now prepared a draft reference to the Imperial Shipping Committee on the Hong Kong harbour development question, but before I send it on, it would be convenient if I could have some guidance on a few points.\n\n(1) There is a good deal in the Notes of our Conference and some of the other papers which we are sending to the Committee which is of a very confidential nature, and which it would be most undesirable to have made public. I do not know whether in the ordinary course the members of the Committee are expected to treat as confidential documents circulated to them for their consideration. If not, perhaps it would be well in this instance to indicate that this is desired.\n\n(2) It will be necessary to have copied practically all the documents which are to be sent to the Committee, and unless we send sufficient copies for distribution to the members of the Committee (presumably they will have to be recopied), it would therefore seem more economical to have the full number of copies which would be required prepared here in the first instance. If you agree, I will speak to the Secretary of the Committee and ask him how many he will want. A possible exception to this is the Consulting Engineers' report of 1922. This is a very long document and, as it happens, I recently obtained a ...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 504471, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]", "page_number": 341, "title": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]", "content_text": "C. 96/26 H. Kong\n\nARIE.\n\nSir,\n\nJOMING STREET,\n\n1 MAR\n\n14-\n\n331\n\nWith reference to my despatch No.399 of the 30th October on the subject of the development of the Port of Hong Kong, I have the honour to transmit to you the accompanying report of the notes of a conference which was held at the Colonial Office on the 8th January, together with a copy of a memorandum which was prepared in this Department as a basis for the discussion.\n\n2.\n\nI have now referred the various reports and the correspondence which has taken place on this subject to the Imperial Shipping Committee, which, as you will be aware from Lord Milner's Circular despatch of the 27th of September 1920, has among its duties that of advising the Governments of the Empire on harbour and other matters relating to shipping; I have asked that I may be furnished with any observations which the Committee may have to offer, to guide me in considering the policy which should be adopted for the development of the harbour. In the circumstances, I propose to defer further consideration of this question until I have received the observations of the Committee.\n\nThe documents referred to the Imperial Shipping Committee (besides those referred to above) are as follows:-\n\n'Governor's", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 504600, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]", "page_number": 469, "title": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]", "content_text": "In effect, signing the 90A.\n\nVERBAL DISCUSSION\n\n(2)\n\nNo. 23 and is all the stronger if charge is for unsecured debts and not linked.\n\n453\n\n(c) We have no wish to see Central Government at Peking disappear or formally to recognise provincial independence. We think, however, that the only sound arrangement is that Central Government should exist by voluntary consent of provinces rather than rest on outside support. Might not withdrawal of support promote this? Our point is admirably stated about the middle of paragraph 5 of your Conference telegram No. 31.\n\n(d) We regard Canton as a good illustration of the evils inherent in the present régime (1) because the boycott is ruining Hongkong and our shipping trade, (2) because it seems to foreshadow what may easily happen elsewhere.\n\nWe are not convinced that Canton is merely Bolshevik and therefore alien to the rest of China and not amenable to the same treatment. Though the boycott is prompted by Bolsheviks, does the root not lie rather in past refusal to allot due share of customs to Canton? Would not concession in the matter of customs revenue tend to promote settlement by strengthening the hand of Right or even Left Kuomintang who are uneasy under Soviet domination? And if Conference persists in present course, is there not real danger of ultimate seizure of customs revenues or establishment of a rival local custom house at Canton and reproduction of the Canton situation elsewhere? Present policy of Conference seems to us to be a direct descendant of the policy of interference.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 504642, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]", "page_number": 511, "title": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]", "content_text": "life in Canton city (see Colonial Office letter in F6207). Mr. Fletcher found that the strikers insisted on discussing political questions, but that the Canton authorities (i.e., Wang Ching-wei, Chairman of Council of Government, Sung Tsz-mail, C. C. Wu, and Fu Ping-ch'ang) were doing their best to prevent this; they were, however, afraid of coercing the strikers, because coercion would result in their own overthrow (Hong Kong telegram in F6147). On the 23rd December, Mr. Fletcher reported that the Canton authorities guaranteed that the strikers would abandon political claims if the strike pay question were satisfactorily settled (Canton telegram No. 28). On the 30th December, a delegation of Chinese merchants left Hong Kong for Canton to negotiate payment (Colonial Office letter in F21). But on the 4th January, the Governor of Hong Kong telegraphed that their mission had been a complete failure. The chief offender was C. C. Wu, who, contrary to the understanding reached with Hong Kong, prevented the delegation from even initiating negotiations with the strike committee. They were told (Canton telegram No. 1 of the 7th January) that political demands were paramount and must be discussed by the Hong Kong Government with the strikers direct.\n\nC. C. Wu defines the matter as not a bargain for compensation, but a political and patriotic contest with Great Britain in general and Hong Kong in particular.\n\nIn a telegram, dated the 4th January, the Governor of Hong Kong thus sums up the situation (letter from Colonial Office in F102):\n\nThis shows clearly that not only has the boycott the support of the present Canton Government, but that the latter only wishes to end it on terms humiliating to Great Britain. Acceptance of such terms would, of course, react still more unfavourably on British interests in China than the present boycott. No settlement can now be anticipated before the Chinese New Year, the 13th February. I shall do my best to mitigate the financial situation by use of the trade loan, but I fear that it is likely to become increasingly grave. Neither I nor Executive Council, who concur in my view, can see any solution but to hold out until either the lapse of time and the increasing inconvenience to the Canton authorities of tolerating an imperium in imperio brings about the collapse of the boycott organisation, or until some hostile Chinese general overthrows the present Canton Government—a contingency which appears unlikely at present.\n\nHis Majesty's consul-general's despatch No. 128 of the 7th December sheds some light which may possibly explain the apparent volte-face of the Canton Government. He tells us that the Russians had supplied General Chiang and the Canton Government with 10 million dollars' worth of arms and ammunition, which had hitherto been accepted as a gift, but that the Russians had strictly demanded payment when they saw that a settlement of the boycott and strike might render nugatory the efforts to ruin Hong Kong. As neither Chiang nor the Government can lay their hands on so large a sum of money, they may be forced to acquiesce and to surrender to the Bolsheviks and the strikers.\n\nAt the end of December, a serious brigand outrage was perpetrated in Canton city; this may have had a political implication intended to terrorise the Canton Government.\n\nSince the failure of the negotiations, we have been trying to take stock of the position, to analyse the real grievances of Canton, and to find a possible remedy. In answer to our enquiry, His Majesty's consul-general replied on the 9th January (Canton telegram No. 2):\n\n(a) That there is no prospect of Chiang and the cadet army suppressing the strike committees, as had at one time been hoped, and restoring order in Canton.\n\n(b) That the chances of Canton being influenced through Peking are nil.\n\nOn the 30th January, His Majesty's consul-general, Canton, reported (telegram No. 3) that C. C. Wu had declared to the local chamber of commerce that the strike movement was directed against the British and the British Government alone; the meeting undertook to support the movement until the demands presented had been accepted in full by Hong Kong. An anti-Japanese boycott on a large scale was then in the course of preparation; but this appears to have been averted by the payment of a large sum of blackmail by the Japanese merchants to the strike committees.\n\nFor the views of a student leader (Nationalist, but Christian and non-Bolshevik), see Annex XV. This is a fair specimen of the genuine and patriotic, but vague and impracticable, ideas current among the Canton populace.\n\nA trade loan for an eventual amount of £8,000,000 was arranged for by the Colonial Office at the end of September and beginning of October 1925. So far, two instalments of £600,000 each have been advanced to the Hong Kong Government.\n\n(c) That the Cantonese branch of the Kuomintang are said to be ready to call off the strike if the foreign Powers will recognise them as the Central Government of China—Sir J. Jamieson thinks this idea worthy of consideration as the Kuomintang are undoubtedly determined to institute genuine reforms, as has already been practically demonstrated, and are becoming restive under Russian dictation.\n\n(d) That meanwhile, the local deadlock can only be solved by a blockade instituted by treaty Powers with the concurrence of Peking.\n\n(e) At the dictation of strike committees, mercantile shipping of Japan and the United States are already treating us practically in an unfriendly manner by ostracising Hong Kong.\n\n(f) Indian subjects guilty of no offence have been detained in chains for nineteen days; two British subjects have been deported from Pakhoi by picket, and it is currently stated that Great Britain is finished.\n\nSir J. Jamieson thinks that for the Strike Committee, abetted by the Government, to arrogate to itself the right to dictate revision of the constitution of a British colony by insisting that they be entitled to secure their representation on the Legislative Council is an insult, not having any reason historically, especially as, in their own country, such a system nowhere prevails. He warns us that another general strike in Hong Kong as an attempt to force the hands of the Government is contemplated.\n\nSir R. Macleay telegraphed on the 9th January (Peking telegram No. 13) that he had great difficulty in forming a clear opinion of the Canton situation, as he never received any information, either official or private, from the Hong Kong Government, and was therefore in complete ignorance of the views of the Governor. He gathered that the situation was still entirely in the hands of the Strike Committee, which the local Government, acting under Bolshevik pressure, seemed to be either unable or unwilling to control. He thought that there was no personal animus against Sir J. Jamieson at Canton, and that he had succeeded in maintaining contact with the Government there by interviews between the vice-consul and the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs. He (Commissioner for Foreign Affairs) is, however, only a post office between the consular body and the Strike Committee—the de facto Government of Canton.\n\nDifficulties involved in keeping in touch with forces controlling the situation in Canton are corroborated from other sources, notably the United States Legation, whose consul-general has made constant attempts to interview members of the Canton Government and who complains bitterly that he is constantly being either put off or hoodwinked and can find out nothing of what is going on.\n\nAt a conference held on the 13th January, the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir J. Jamieson, Admiral Sinclair, and General Luard agreed that there was no method by which the boycott could be brought to an end, except by holding out until either the attacks of some hostile general or internal disruptions brought about the downfall of the present Canton Government.\n\nA further attempt to find a way out of our difficulties was made on the occasion of the visit to Hong Kong of Mr. O'Malley, the new counsellor to His Majesty's Legation at Peking. A discussion was held between him and the four authorities mentioned in the last paragraph on the 25th January (see Hong Kong telegram in Annex XVII). At this meeting, it was the unanimous opinion that: (1) the anti-British boycott was mainly attributable to the Red Russians at Canton; (2) if the existing situation were to be relieved, it was essential that they should be removed.\n\nThe meeting was strongly of the opinion that the British Government should take action at Moscow with a view to obtaining the removal from Kwangtung of all Bolsheviks. If this were not practicable, they could think of no other line of action except war with Canton. Unless, however, the United States, France, and Japan co-operated (and preferably other maritime Powers, too), warlike action would jeopardise future commercial relations between Great Britain and China, and particularly between Hong Kong and Canton. If this action were not practicable, there seemed no method by which the boycott could be ended, except by holding out until the existing Government of Canton either fell by disruption from within or was overthrown by some hostile Chinese general. At present, therefore, the trade loan was the only weapon. Even at the risk of eventual loss of money by the Government, it was necessary for the loan to be used generously for the benefit of merchants (both British and Chinese) in the colony. The meeting suggested that steps should...\n\nPage 11\n\n[14166]\n\nC 2\n\n500", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 504746, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-496 - Public Offices - 1926", "page_number": 11, "title": "CO129-496 - Public Offices - 1926", "content_text": "Concessions to be borne in mind on our part are \n\n(1) that this service is conducted for the \n\nbenefit of the British Community \"at \n\nSwatow & not \n\nfor that \n\nof Amoy \n\n(2) that the suspension of the service and not \n\nexactly benefit the goodwill of the CSNCO. \n\nBecket 7/4/26 \n\nus \n\nThe FQ don't actually \n\nwish to gain the conference, but no doubt they \n\nmust run it also \n\nHirnst goute dear why the \n\nin \n\nPuntar \n\nButtk immunity the out pay the prightattin provisions_futhat his what it comes to ! Stress, aly perhead for cut will! \n\nMkg/s \n\n46154 \n\nha. Clutterbuck might represent-\n\nC.O. at the conference. \n\nG.G. 10.3.26 \n\n} \n\nNo. \n\nIn any further communication \n\non this subject, please quote \n\nand address \n\nF 744/1/10 \n\nnot to any person by name, \n\nbut to \n\n**The Under-Secretary of State,\" \n\nForeign Office, \n\nLondon, S.W.1. \n\nC. 5363 \n\nFOREIGN OFFICE. \n\nS.W.1.- \n\n4th March, 1926. \n\nSir, \n\n6 \n\nMAR 1926 \n\n10 \n\nI am directed by Secretary Sir Austen Chamberlain to \n\nstate, for the consideration of Mr. Secretary Amery, that \n\nhis attention has lately been drawn to the position arising for \n\ncertain British companies engaged in the shipping trade with \n\nSouth Chinese ports, as a result of the present boycott directed \n\nagainst British goods. \n\n2. \n\nThe firm principally concerned would appear to be the \n\nChinese Steam Navigation Company (Messrs. Butterfield and Swire) \n\nwho have hitherto maintained a service between Hongkong and \n\nSwatow and Amoy. Owing to the anti-British boycott which was \n\nextended from Canton to Swatow in connection with the distur-\n\nbances at the former port last year, this service had to be \n\nsuspended, and, as will be seen from the enclosed copy of a \n\nletter addressed by the Shanghai office of the firm to the \n\nBritish Chamber of Commerce, the Japanese vessels which in the \n\ninterval have been calling at Swatow in order to furnish the \n\nBritish residents there with provisions and general supplies \n\nhave been likewise compelled to suspend their service, owing to \n\na threat on the part of the local population to apply the boy-\n\ncott to them. \n\n3. The problem of providing for the small British community at Swatow, numbering some fifty persons, has thus arisen in an acute form. It would appear from the enclosed letter that it \n\nwas at the request of the Hongkong Government that Messrs. Butterfield and Swire undertook temporarily last December to \n\nrenew...\n\nThe Under Secretary of State, \n\nColonial Office.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-496 - Public Offices - 1926.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 505643, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926", "page_number": 365, "title": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926", "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n\nPrinted for the Committee of Imperial Defence. March 1926.\n\nSECRET.\n\n677-B.\n\nCOMMITTEE OF IMPERIAL DEFENCE.\n\n18 Copy No.\n\nSITUATION IN CHINA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CANTON.\n\n(Previous C.I.D. Paper No. 617-B.)\n\nReport by the Chiefs of Staff.\n\n1. The Committee of Imperial Defence at its 210th Meeting agreed-\n\nThat the Chiefs of Staff should be asked to review the situation and plans for dealing with any emergency which might arise at Hong Kong or elsewhere as the result of the disturbed conditions at Canton.\n\n2. In June 1925 we examined the situation in China and submitted a Report (C.I.D. Paper No. 617-B), in which we reviewed all our interests in the various parts of that country.\n\n3. Since that date there has been no change of any appreciable significance in the military situation, while, as regards political affairs, the forecast which was then made by the Foreign Office of the probable trend of events has been fulfilled in a remarkable manner. The views expressed and the recommendations contained in our last Report (C.I.D. Paper No. 617-B) may therefore be accepted as applicable to the situation as it exists to-day, and we invite attention to its provisions.\n\n4. We have had the application of our earlier Report to the particular case of Canton examined by a Joint Staff Conference of the three Services, and we concur in their Report, which is as follows:-\n\n\"It was unanimously agreed that the only practical measure that can be taken is to institute a blockade of the approaches to Canton.\n\nIt was further agreed that-\n\n(a) The blockade of Canton presupposes and necessitates prior international agreement. (A statement is attached (Appendix I) showing the international character of the shipping using the port of Canton in 1924, from which it is evident that a large number of nations are affected.)\n\n(b) The evacuation of Shameen would be an essential preliminary to the institution of a blockade, as otherwise the necessity for protecting Shameen would involve us in military commitments on a large scale for the protection and maintenance of its non-Chinese inhabitants.\n\n(c) Subject to the evacuation of Shameen having been effected, the bombardment of selected objectives, such as Bocca Tigris and Whampoa Forts, or the Whampoa Military College, would be of little or no military value, and is not recommended.\n\nIt was decided to draw attention to Telegram No. 83, dated the 1st January, 1926, from Sir R. Macleay (copy attached, Appendix II).\n\nPage 360\n\n[14319]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 505812, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-498-1 Indepartmental conference on Piracy- report 12-1-1926 - 20-4-1926", "page_number": 12, "title": "CO129-498-1 Indepartmental conference on Piracy- report 12-1-1926 - 20-4-1926", "content_text": "unofficial members of the Committee appointed by Sir R. Stubbs in December, 1924, that the Navy should advisably meet responsibility for the protection \n\nof commerce in those waters. They have pointed out that \n\nprotection on to shore are little to my protection \n\n1 \n\nthat they afford to trade or that traders could \n\nreasonably demand from the Navy. They observe that \n\nMerchant ships are not expected to protest shipping to \n\nlarge extent from maritime attack \n\nto accept \n\ninconveniences, some of which (e.g. palling under convoy) \n\nare such that long since traders have complained of. \n\nIt appears to the Admiralty to be an untenable proposition \n\nthat traders should expect to carry on their business \n\nwithout inconvenience or danger in a foreign country \n\nobtaining free Civil rule, and should have provided for what \n\nwithout cost to themselves. Shiver increase of protection \n\nis necessary to affect this. \n\n4. \n\nThe control by the Navy, on the other hand is \n\nfrom \n\ntime to time in complete agreement with the view, which has from time been \n\nexpressed in Sir R. Stubbs' despatches, and was endorsed \n\nin the Report of the Interdepartmental Conference \n\nreferred to above, that in the conditions obtaining in \n\nthe waters of the Canton Delta, where the danger lies in \n\nan attack from within by a small body of determined men \n\na ship must be prepared to defend itself. \n\nThe fourth of the instructions in the terms of reference to the local committee appointed \n\nby Sir R. Stubbs, certain amendments in the Piratical \n\nRegulations are desirable, no suggestion that I am able to \n\nregard as practicable has yet been put forward for an \n\neffective ...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-498-1 Indepartmental conference on Piracy- report 12-1-1926 - 20-4-1926.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 507210, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-499-5 Canton situation- governor's despatches 11-3-1927 - 11-3-1927", "page_number": 63, "title": "CO129-499-5 Canton situation- governor's despatches 11-3-1927 - 11-3-1927", "content_text": "63 \n\n**WALTER KOUGLER**, 32, and wife, born at Posen, Poland, states:- \n\nI am employed as Canton agent of the Soviet Mercantile Fleet (SOVTOFLOT). My office is in room No. 206, KAN NAM TONG building, Tai Ping Ma lou, Canton. The head office for the Far East is Sovotoflot, Vladivostock, from which office I receive my salary. The Executive office is in Moscow. I have been in Canton for about 10 months. On ✯✯ 15th January, 1927, the Canton business of the department was handed over to a sub-agent known as the \"New China Shipping Coy\" and my job is to supervise the agency, and in co-operation with the Soviet Consul and the Trade Mission to transport Soviet goods to China and provide passage for Soviet officials. My assistant is named Morkovieff; he used to be godown keeper under the old agency. I have left him in charge. I arranged the passages of the Russian labour delegates; there were eight, 7 came to Canton and one went to Macau. Owing to the attitude of the Canton Government, it was not possible to hold the proposed labour conference and after several postponements, the foreign delegates left for Hankow except the Russians. The Russians stayed on for a while and then three of them left for Shanghai on a Chinese ship and the other four went to Shanghai, for Russia, on the S.S. President Jefferson on 4th May, 1927, via Hong Kong. I arranged all their passages under instructions from the head office at Vladivostock, but I was not interested in the political part of the delegation. The foreign delegation wants to hold the conference at Hankow, but the Russian delegates have no instructions about this and have returned to Russia. The delegation have no political interest in China and were only sent by the people of Russia because it is thought Russia should be in all labour disputes of great interest. I received a telegram from the Vladivostock Office a few days ago saying \"Report to office at once personally\". The wording of the", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-499-5 Canton situation- governor's despatches 11-3-1927 - 11-3-1927.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 507680, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-500-4 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-9-1927 - 24-11-1927", "page_number": 14, "title": "CO129-500-4 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-9-1927 - 24-11-1927", "content_text": "# Louds. No. 3.\n\n## Conference at Government House held on 16th September, 1927.\n\n### PRESENT:-\n\n* His Excellency the Governor,\n* H. B. M. Consul-General, Canton,\n* The Commodore,\n* Commander Fitzgerald,\n* Colonial Secretary,\n* Secretary for Chinese Affairs,\n* Attorney-General,\n* Harbour Master,\n* The Hon. Mr. D. G. M. Bernard, and\n* The Hon. Mr. W. E. L. Shenton.\n\n### SUBJECT:- Abuse of British Flag on Chinese Inland Waters.\n\nIt was agreed that steps ought to be taken to stop the abuse of the British Flag. The present position appears to be that the Hong Kong Government has no power to refuse the British Flag provided the Merchant Shipping Act is complied with. This makes it possible for ships wholly owned by Chinese, who need not even be British Subjects, provided they form a Company registered in Hong Kong (with its principal place of business here), to claim the right to fly the British Flag. The Consul-General, however, under King's Regulations can refuse to certify to the Chinese Customs that any particular vessel is entitled to British protection in Chinese Inland Waters under the provisions of section 7 of King's Regulation No.5 of 1915, and should any ship (sc. claiming the British Flag) engage in trade without the Consul-General's certificate,", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-500-4 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-9-1927 - 24-11-1927.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 508562, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-501-8 General policy in China 30-11-1926 - 30-11-1926", "page_number": 156, "title": "CO129-501-8 General policy in China 30-11-1926 - 30-11-1926", "content_text": "## 50 \n\n-- \n\nThe \n\n55. On the 3rd January Sir F. Aglen left Peking unostentatiously to proceed via Shanghai to Hankow for a conference with Comrade Ch'ên, and next day occurred the Hankow riot, which resulted in the occupation of the British Concession at that treaty-port by the Nationalist Government. This affair seems to have been due to instructions which reached Canton from Moscow on the 30th December that \"all their associations were to marcher à outrance against us at Hankow\" (`Peking telegram to Foreign Office, dated 5th January`). The Hankow incident was quickly followed by that at Kiu-kiang and resulted in the mission of Messrs. O'Malley and Teichman from Peking to Hankow. From this point onwards, the endeavour to obviate a similar catastrophe at Shanghai became the chief British preoccupation.\n\nThe effect of the events at Hankow was immediately felt in Peking, where the French, American, and Japanese Ministers were aghast at this blow to foreign prestige. Sir Miles Lampson had a long talk with the Japanese Minister on the 7th January, when the latter summed up Chinese psychology as only capable of understanding reason backed by force. He made no secret of his personal opinion that we should all be driven to use force sooner or later, though he was not sure that the Japanese Government had yet realised this. The surrender of Hankow was, he thought, a fatal mistake. He hankered after joint action by Great Britain, Japan, France, and America. Sir Miles asked him whether Japan would join us if we suggested (say) a blockade of the Yangtsze and Canton, the only shipping of importance in the Yangtsze being \n\n## 160", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-8 General policy in China 30-11-1926 - 30-11-1926.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 509232, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927", "page_number": 157, "title": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927", "content_text": "171 \n\nthe imminence of danger to Shanghai; that conversations in regard to military reinforcements on any serious scale would be premature; and that for the moment it was sufficient to exchange information.\n\nThe effect of this information on the dispositions approved by the Cabinet for reinforcing Shanghai was then discussed at some length. On the one hand was represented the risk that if orders were issued to units, whether in this country or in India, the whole of the steps we were prepared to take (alone if the Japanese refused to co-operate) in order to protect our interests at Shanghai, would become public property, and the Japanese might shy off and refuse that co-operation which the Cabinet and the Chiefs of Staff Committee so earnestly desired. On the other hand, owing to the time required for reinforcements to reach Shanghai from India or the Mediterranean or from home, delay was dangerous. In this connection attention was drawn to the telegram from the naval Commander-in-Chief of January 12th, in which he recommended (with the approval of the Consul-General at Shanghai) the immediate despatch of a Division.\n\nAfter careful consideration the Conference agreed:\n(a) That the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs should definitely clear up the situation with the Japanese Government by sending the telegram attached in Appendix I, explaining the considerations of time and space which (more especially in the absence of knowledge as to the intentions of the Japanese Government) compel the British Government to take decisions before matters appear urgent to the Japanese Government; and pressing for a reply within 48 hours regarding Japanese intentions:\n\n(b) That no action should be taken to delay the provision of the necessary shipping transport for the scheme of reinforcements approved by the Cabinet, but", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 512323, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-506-8 Prevention of piracy- use of armed patrol launches in Canton Delta 12-1-1927 - 28-3-1927", "page_number": 3, "title": "CO129-506-8 Prevention of piracy- use of armed patrol launches in Canton Delta 12-1-1927 - 28-3-1927", "content_text": "Admiralty point out that even so the contributions agreed on is much less than H.K. ought to pay on this basis.\n\nTo revert to the former position i.e. that if the launches are to be continued as an anti-piracy measure the Hong Kong Government should bear the general running expenses. In point of fact the provisional arrangement made between the Naval C. in C. and the Colonial Government is very much more favourable than that described above, seeing that the expenses are to be apportioned on the rough basis that the personnel should be entirely a naval charge and under navy control and that the expense of hire and general running expenses should be shared equally by Admiralty and Colonial Government.\n\nOn this basis Hong Kong will have to pay £3,600 per annum plus insurance of value. Had the usefulness of these launches been unquestioned we would consider ourselves lucky to have secured this arrangement. As it is however we have the prospect of H.K. in period of financial difficulty incurring this additional commitment on an object which the late Governor condemned as useless.\n\nSir E. Stubbs' views are set out in the conference minutes enclosed in 1003/26. Briefly the line he took was that launches were ineffective because piracies usually took place on the sea and launches were only for river work; that piracies were usually from within and not from without and that launches could not therefore be expected to cope with them; that the real reason why they were demanded by shipping to convey vessels up and down the river was to save them not from piracy but from the exactions levied by...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-506-8 Prevention of piracy- use of armed patrol launches in Canton Delta 12-1-1927 - 28-3-1927.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 514286, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-509-15 Water supply- development scheme 30-1-1928 - 17-1-1929", "page_number": 15, "title": "CO129-509-15 Water supply- development scheme 30-1-1928 - 17-1-1929", "content_text": "I think there are several issues with the OCR output that need to be addressed. Let's start by correcting the text.\n\n15 \n\nAque why of Norms might be sent to the Speller but I \n\nhardly think \n\nwe \n\nneed \n\nto get \n\nNo formal \n\nconcurrence from each \n\nindividual? \n\nJ. Grane \n\n19.9.28 \n\n30 To Clementi (w/c. draft & Notes) \n\n31. Clementi \n\ncons. \n\n20.9.28. ✓ \n\n22.9.28 \n\nDraft amended, with amendments. \n\n? Send \n\namended \n\nReceived. To me \n\n10 \n\nund \n\no ry \n\nTo C.A. \n\n5. me \n\n2 \n\n24.7.28 \n\nThe bulk of our consumption of staple bread and fragile goods of \n\nthe first \n\nwheat stores \n\nis estimated \n\nat 46,000,000 \n\nJus's live exprs involved at about $6,000,000 or £600,000. This will vonsätet. \n\na loan in \n\na year \n\nSir C. C. has no doubt, he can \n\ncover the Forburst of P&O Shipping Fund \n\nincurred \n\ncharges for \n\neither by \n\nraising the general \n\nwater rate. \n\nI think it is \n\nclear from \n\nthe notes of the Conference that there is no objection in helping \n\nAfter reordering and correcting the text, here is the output in HTML format:\n\n15\n\nAque why of Norms might be sent to the Speller but I\n\nhardly think\n\nwe need to get\n\nNo formal concurrence from each\n\nindividual?\n\nJ. Grane\n\n19.9.28\n\n30 To Clementi (w/c. draft & Notes)\n\n31. Clementi cons.\n\n20.9.28. ✓\n\n22.9.28\n\nDraft amended, with amendments.\n\n? Send amended\n\nReceived. To me\n\n10 und o ry\n\nTo C.A.\n\n5. me 2\n\n24.7.28\n\nThe bulk of our consumption of staple bread and fragile goods of the first wheat stores is estimated at 46,000,000\n\nJus's live exprs involved at about $6,000,000 or £600,000. This will vonsätet.\n\na loan in a year\n\nSir C. C. has no doubt, he can cover the Forburst of P&O Shipping Fund incurred charges for either by raising the general water rate.\n\nI think it is clear from the notes of the Conference that there is no objection in helping\n\nHowever, upon closer inspection, it appears that the original text is quite disjointed and may require more substantial reorganization. Here is a revised version with some further corrections and reordering:\n\n15\n\nAque why of Norms might be sent to the Speller but I hardly think we need to get No formal concurrence from each individual?\n\nJ. Grane 19.9.28\n\n30 To Clementi (w/c. draft & Notes)\n\n31. Clementi cons. 20.9.28. ✓\n\n22.9.28 Draft amended, with amendments.\n\n? Send amended Received. To me 10 und o ry To C.A. 5. me 2\n\n24.7.28 The bulk of our consumption of staple bread and fragile goods of the first wheat stores is estimated at 46,000,000\n\nJus's live exprs involved at about $6,000,000 or £600,000. This will vonsätet. a loan in a year\n\nSir C. C. has no doubt, he can cover the Forburst of P&O Shipping Fund incurred charges for either by raising the general water rate.\n\nI think it is clear from the notes of the Conference that there is no objection in helping\n\nLet's output the final version in HTML format.\n\n15\n\nAque why of Norms might be sent to the Speller but I hardly think we need to get No formal concurrence from each individual?\n\nJ. Grane 19.9.28\n\n30 To Clementi (w/c. draft & Notes)\n\n31. Clementi cons. 20.9.28. ✓\n\n22.9.28 Draft amended, with amendments.\n\n? Send amended Received. To me 10 und o ry To C.A. 5. me 2\n\n24.7.28 The bulk of our consumption of staple bread and fragile goods of the first wheat stores is estimated at 46,000,000 Jus's live exprs involved at about $6,000,000 or £600,000. This will vonsätet. a loan in a year\n\nSir C. C. has no doubt, he can cover the Forburst of P&O Shipping Fund incurred charges for either by raising the general water rate.\n\nI think it is clear from the notes of the Conference that there is no objection in helping", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-509-15 Water supply- development scheme 30-1-1928 - 17-1-1929.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 516454, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-512-2 Political situation in China- and Canton 31-5-1929 - 13-11-1929", "page_number": 12, "title": "CO129-512-2 Political situation in China- and Canton 31-5-1929 - 13-11-1929", "content_text": "- 2 -\n\n12.\n\nthe Chinese seamen, to have been in a position to explain the situation to them.\n\nIf I am writing to you now about the same questions, it is because they were raised again, inter alia, in a resolution which the Chinese Workers' Delegate wished to move at the Session of the International Labour Conference held in June last, but which was not handed in to the Conference Secretariat in due time to be considered.\n\nThe Chinese seamen will, however, no doubt wish to bring the resolution forward again at a subsequent Conference, and I am therefore suggesting to them that the paragraphs relating to their alleged grievances as regards Hong Kong should not be included and am informing them of my intention to write to you unofficially on the subject.\n\nThe object of this letter is therefore to acquaint you with the questions raised by the Chinese Seamen's Union and to ask you to be good enough, if you see fit, to inform me of your views regarding them.\n\nThe first of these matters is concerned with a strike of Chinese seamen at Hong Kong, which, I am informed, took place in 1922. It is stated that the strike was terminated on 8 March of that year following an agreement between the shipping companies and the seamen which provided that a sum of 300,000 Chinese dollars should be paid to the strikers as an unemployment indemnity. This sum could not be raised immediately, Sir Robert Hotung is said to have given surety for its eventual payment, and it was on the strength of this that the strike was terminated. Finally, the seamen state that, although seven years have passed since the strike, the shipping companies have not yet paid the agreed indemnity.\n\nThe", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-512-2 Political situation in China- and Canton 31-5-1929 - 13-11-1929.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 519507, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-517-2 Correspondence on proposed Chinese and Hong Kong agreements over Customs 13-11-1929 - 28-12-1929", "page_number": 34, "title": "CO129-517-2 Correspondence on proposed Chinese and Hong Kong agreements over Customs 13-11-1929 - 28-12-1929", "content_text": "## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n* \n\n### Enclosure No.1\n\nCOPY\n\n34 \nShanghai Office of the \nInspectorate General of Customs, \n21 Hart Road. \nSHANGHAI....23rd September, 1929.\n\nDear Sir Cecil Clementi,\n\nIn continuation of my letter of the 8th ultimo, relating to the proposed Anglo-Chinese Customs' Convention, \nI must now inform you that my anticipations that the Chinese Authorities would probably object to Article V (Inland Waters) have unfortunately proved correct.\n\nA conference was recently held in Nanking to discuss the question, at which Mr. C.T. Wang, Mr. T.V. Soong, General Ch'en Ming-shu (of Canton) and Mr. F.Y. Chang (Customs' Board) were present, and while they unanimously agreed that the general terms of the instrument were entirely acceptable, \nand paid a tribute to the friendly attitude of Hong Kong, the opinion was expressed, nevertheless, that it would be \ninconsistent for the Government to depart officially from their declared policy of ultimately withdrawing from foreign shipping the privilege of participating in the Coastal-trade of China, by formally extending to Hong Kong foreign-flag vessels the right to direct Inland Waters trade. In other \nwords, political considerations and Chinese public opinion render it inopportune for the Government at this stage, and in view of the somewhat uncertain political situation again prevailing, to concede a special privilege to Hong Kong which they have placed on their agenda for subsequent withdrawal in China proper. Surveyed solely from the standpoint of Nanking and Canton, the stand thus adopted is intelligible and logical, however disappointing it may be to us.\n\nSir Cecil Clementi, K.C.M.G., etc., etc.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-517-2 Correspondence on proposed Chinese and Hong Kong agreements over Customs 13-11-1929 - 28-12-1929.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 519560, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-517-2 Correspondence on proposed Chinese and Hong Kong agreements over Customs 13-11-1929 - 28-12-1929", "page_number": 87, "title": "CO129-517-2 Correspondence on proposed Chinese and Hong Kong agreements over Customs 13-11-1929 - 28-12-1929", "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n101\n\n23rd September, 1929.\n\nDear Sir Cecil Clementi,\n\nIn continuation of my letter of the 8th ultimo, relating to the proposed Anglo-Chinese Customs' Convention, I must now inform you that my anticipations that the Chinese Authorities would probably object to Article V. (Inland Waters) have unfortunately proved correct.\n\nA conference was recently held in Nanking to discuss the question, at which Mr. C. T. Wang, Mr. T. V. Soong, General Ch'ên Ming-shu (of Canton) and Mr. F. Y. Chang (Customs' Board) were present, and while they unanimously agreed that the general terms of the instrument were entirely acceptable, and paid a tribute to the friendly attitude of Hongkong, the opinion was expressed, nevertheless, that it would be inconsistent for the Government to depart officially from their declared policy of ultimately withdrawing from foreign shipping the privilege of participating in the Coastal trade of China, by formally extending to Hongkong foreign-flag vessels the right to direct Inland Waters trade. In other words, political considerations and Chinese public opinion render it inopportune for the Government at this stage, and in view of the somewhat uncertain political situation again prevailing, to concede a special privilege to Hongkong....\n\nTo\n\nHis Excellency\nSir Cecil Clementi, K.C.M.G.\netc.\netc.,\nHONGKONG.\netc.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-517-2 Correspondence on proposed Chinese and Hong Kong agreements over Customs 13-11-1929 - 28-12-1929.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 521763, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930", "page_number": 204, "title": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930", "content_text": "(9) 206\n\nTRADE AND\n\nTHE HONG KONG CHINA\n\nPARTIUG CUSTOMS AGREEMENT.\n\nMINUTES OF INTER-DEPARTMENTAL CONFERENCE.\n\nAn Inter-departmental Conference to discuss the\n\nTrade & Customs\n\nHong Kong and China Agreement was held at the Colonial\n\nOffice on the 20th February, 1930.\n\nThere were present:-\n\nSir Gilbert Grindle, K.C.M.G., C.B. (Colonial\n\nW.D. Ellis, C.M.G.\n\nForeign Office.\n\n(Office.\n\nMr. C.W. Orde\n\nSir J. Pratt, K.B.E.\n\nMr. A.E. Overton, M.C.\n\nMr. J.J. Paskin, M.C.\n\nMr. J.M. Martin.\n\nBoard of Trade.\n\nColonial Office.\n\nSir Gilbert Grindle\n\nbegan by pointing out\n\nthat Hong Kong was in the happy position of having something\n\nto offer which the Chinese were anxious to obtain.\n\nMr. Orde suggested that, while this\n\nwas so, it would be unwise to squeeze to the limit, or to\n\nrefuse\n\none definite advantage because we could not get\n\nall the advantages that we wanted.\n\nThe chief difficulty arising out of the\n\nAgreement in its present form lay in the new privileges\n\nof participation in Chinese inland water navigation\n\nrights sought for Hong Kong British shipping under Article\n\n5.\n\nIt was pointed out that this was a privilege not\n\nat present enjoyed.\n\nIt was no doubt chiefly desired\n\nby", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 521772, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930", "page_number": 213, "title": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930", "content_text": "E. E.\n\n16 on 62847/29\n\nPROPOSED CHINESE\n\n-\n\n215\n\nHONG KONG CUSTOMS AGREEMENT.\n\nOn the 17 July, 1929, the Inspector General of the Chinese Maritime Customs, Mr. F.W. Maze, called on the Governor of Hong Kong bearing an Order from the Chinese Minister of Finance instructing him to go in person to Hong Kong and consult with the Governor there with a view to obtaining his co-operation in measures for the prevention of smuggling.\n\nSir C. Clementi agreed to Mr. Maze's suggestion that the draft \"Anglo-Chinese Customs Agreement of Hong Kong\" (known as the \"Harris Agreement\" after the Commissioner of Customs who sponsored it) which had been agreed on at Hong Kong in 1918 but had failed to obtain ratification, might form the basis of a new agreement.\n\nHe requested, however, an assurance on two preliminary points, (1) that the Commissioner of Chinese Maritime Customs in Hong Kong would continue to be British and would be a person acceptable to the Hong Kong Government; and (2) that the rights of inland and navigation between Hong Kong and Chinese coastal waters now enjoyed by British shipping should be maintained. After discussion it was agreed that these stipulations might be left over to be dealt with by the Inspector-General on his return to Shanghai and formal negotiations at Hong Kong were at once initiated.\n\nOn the 19th July, at a Conference of representatives of the Colonial Government and the Chinese Maritime Customs, attended also by His Majesty's Consul-General at Canton, the 1918 draft Agreement", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 521773, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930", "page_number": 214, "title": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930", "content_text": "Kenel 7.\n\n(17) 0262847/29\n\n216\n\nAgreement was carefully examined and it was agreed that it would form a suitable basis for the draft of a new agreement. A drafting committee examined this draft in detail, making such amendments as both sides considered desirable, and the draft prepared by the Committee was considered at a second conference, on the 29th July, and finally approved with certain alterations. The general principle of the Agreement was also accepted subsequently by the Executive Council. A copy of this first draft is enclosed.\n\nThe position of the two sides in the subsequent negotiations was summarized afterwards by Mr. G. S. Moss, the Acting Consul-General at Canton, who had taken part in the discussions, as follows:\n\n\"On the Hong Kong side there appeared to be willingness in the interests of the safeguarding of the Chinese Customs revenue and of the facilitation of British trade to make great concessions to permit of a large increase in the Chinese Customs staff to co-operate in the Colony and its waters with the Colonial authorities as regards the extension of control, at the Kowloon Railway terminus, the harbour, junk anchorages and afloat, of shipping and cargoes destined for China. This included proposals for the joint control of exports of salt, and involved plans for the joint collection of reliable statistics, the registration and control of shipping, the establishment of Customs sub-stations, the joint control of exports of explosives, munitions...\n\n16 on 62847/29 X", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 521775, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930", "page_number": 216, "title": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930", "content_text": "218\n\n500m 62847A/29\n\nDitto.\n\n(n)\n\nObtaining from the Hong Kong Government in return for these advantages the right to function freely in Hong Kong waters in examining junks, launches, etc. and their cargoes, levying and collecting the duties due to the Chinese Government, in making legitimate seizures, and arranging for the restoration to China of the right to re-establish certain Customs Stations in British waters.\n\nThe Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce and the Hong Kong Branch of the China Association, who were consulted by the Governor, held the view that an agreement on the lines proposed would be of considerable value to Hong Kong. A committee formed to ascertain the views of Chinese merchants reported as follows:- \"Generally this agreement may be regarded as favourable to both countries, because on the one hand China will derive great benefit from the previous decision to prevent smuggling, and on the other hand Hong Kong will remain a distributing centre in South China\".\n\nOn the 23rd September Mr. Maze informed Sir C. Clementi that a recent conference of the Chinese authorities at Nanking, while agreeing that the general terms of the instrument were entirely acceptable, expressed the opinion that it would be inconsistent for the Governments to depart officially from their declared policy of ultimately withdrawing from foreign shipping the privilege of participating in the Coastal trade of China, by formally extending to Hong Kong", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 521803, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930", "page_number": 244, "title": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930", "content_text": "246\n\n(\n\nthe words of the Governor, that the British and Chinese merchants alike were strongly opposed to the grant of the extraordinary privileges asked for by the Chinese Maritime Customs unless a substantial quid pro quo, such as that provided for in Article 5, could be obtained by way of compensation. For that reason, Article 5 and the modifications proposed by the Chinese Government, and also the alternative suggested by you of concluding the Agreement with the omission of Article 5 were first discussed.\n\n5.\n\nI had requested that full consideration should be given at the Conference to the suggestion made by you in your despatch No.1488(8/5Y) of the 11th October last addressed to the Secretary of State, namely, whether it would not be preferable if the proposed Customs Agreement could be concluded without any reference being made to the navigation of Chinese territorial waters by Hongkong steamers. Although this suggestion had evidently been discussed beforehand, Sir Cecil opened the Conference by reading your despatch and inviting careful consideration of the suggestion, especially from the representatives of the British shipping companies most interested in the general question of coastal trade all over China. However, the suggestion failed to obtain the support of the mercantile interests represented, and was definitely rejected both at the first and the second Conference for the reasons stated in paragraph 5 of Sir Cecil Clementi's report (see enclosure).\n\n6.\n\nI should report here that throughout the discussions I directed my attention (apart from replying to questions concerning Consular practice and views) to seeing that the views presented in your despatch and in your telegram No.55 of the 23rd October last were given full consideration.\n\nSir Cecil", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 521825, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930", "page_number": 267, "title": "CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930", "content_text": "CONFIDENTIAL.\n\n269\n\nShanghai office of the Inspectorate General of Customs\n\n21, Hart Road,\n\nShanghai\n\n23rd September, 1929\n\nDear Sir Cecil Clementi,\n\nIn continuation of my letter of the 8th ultimo, relating to the proposed Anglo-Chinese Customs' Convention, I must now inform you that my anticipations that the Chinese authorities would probably object to article V. (Inland Waters) have unfortunately proved correct.\n\nA conference was recently held in Hankow to discuss the question, at which Mr. C.T.Wang, Dr.T.V.Soong, General Chen King-shu (of Canton) and Dr. F.T.Chang (Customs' Board) were present, and while they unanimously agreed that the general terms of the instrument were entirely acceptable, and paid a tribute to the friendly attitude of Hongkong, the opinion expressed, nevertheless, that it would be inconsistent for the Government to depart officially from their declared policy of ultimately withdrawing from foreign shipping the privilege of participating in the Coastal trade of China, by formally extending to Hongkong foreign-flag vessels the right to direct inland Waters trade. In other words,\n\npolitical considerations and Chinese public opinion render it inopportune for the Government at this stage, and in view of the somewhat uncertain political situation again prevailing, to concede a special privilege to Hongkong which they have placed on their agenda for subsequent withdrawal in China proper. Surveyed solely from the standpoint of Hankow and Canton, the stand thus adopted is intelligible...\n\nHis Excellency,\n\nSir Cecil Clementi, K.C.B.\n\netc.,\n\netc.,\n\nHONGKONG\n\netc.,", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-12 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 2-4-1930 - 16-6-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 522559, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930", "page_number": 70, "title": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930", "content_text": "8. The Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong reports that, on receiving the deputation, he found that the scheme had only been considered in barest outline. No idea of the cost had been obtained, nor did the details involved seem to have been considered. The number of men required was tentatively stated to be 400, with 35 white N.C.O.'s and 4 white Headquarter Staff.\n\n9. It was evident during the discussion that strong opposition would be offered to any general tax which would increase charges on shipping not interested in anti-piracy guards.\n\n10. The Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong considered the scheme altogether too nebulous and too expensive to be undertaken at a moment's notice, and it was represented to the deputation that the only scheme admitting of prompt application was a development of the former system of Indian Guards, possibly supplemented by white N.C.O.'s. It was left to the deputation to confer with the Inspector-General of Police, Hong Kong, with a view to evolving a practical scheme at the earliest possible moment.\n\n11. No further information is yet available as to the result of the Conference with the Inspector-General of Police, but the Oversea Defence Committee suggest that unless very active steps are taken to press the Shipping Companies to evolve a satisfactory scheme and to implement it as soon as possible, a further long delay will occur. Whatever action may be taken now, however, the Committee are of opinion that it will be impossible for the Shipping Companies to produce an efficient substitute for the present naval and military guards by the 1st April.\n\n12. In view of the above, the Oversea Defence Committee feel it their duty to mention the forcible representations made to them to the effect that if advantage is taken of the absence of guards to undertake an intensive campaign of piracy a serious blow will be dealt to British trade in the Far East.\n\nIt is for the Cabinet to decide whether this danger is of sufficient gravity to merit any modification of their original decision.\n\nThe Committee, however, venture to recommend that if it is decided to continue the provision of regular naval and military guards, such continuance should be for a definitely limited period, and should be on condition that the Shipping Companies evolve an efficient scheme and agree to bring it into operation at the earliest possible date, the latter date to be fixed by the 1st April. Furthermore, the Committee consider that if regular naval and military guards are extended after the 31st March, their full cost from the 1st April should be borne by those Shipping Companies which employ them.\n\n13. As regards the details of a scheme for the provision of guards by the Shipping Companies, the Oversea Defence Committee consider that any practical scheme must emanate from the Companies after they have reached agreement amongst themselves. At this juncture any detailed criticism of the proposals made to the Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong up to date (vide Appendix) would be of little value.\n\nAt the same time, as the Companies cannot be expected to have the organizing and administrative knowledge, and undoubtedly have not the facilities for recruitment which are available to Government institutions, such as His Majesty's Forces and the Police, the Committee feel that it would expedite progress if the shipowners were informed that His Majesty's Government are willing to advise them on these points, and to consider favourably any application for the services of retired naval and military officers and other ranks.\n\n14. The Committee suggest that, since it has been decided that the internal protection of ships against piracy is the responsibility of the Shipping Companies, any scheme which is evolved should be based on the following principles:-\n\n(a) That the organization set up should ultimately be entirely independent of the United Kingdom and Colonial authorities.\n\n(b) That the whole cost, including that of initiating the scheme, should be borne by the Shipping Companies making use of the organization, and by them alone, in proportion to their demands on it, the distribution of the cost to be arranged amongst themselves.\n\n15. It should, perhaps, be pointed out that the scheme must include provision for shipping which at present embarks regular guards at places other than Hong Kong, such as Singapore and Shanghai.\n\n16. CONCLUSIONS.\n\nThe conclusions of the Oversea Defence Committee submitted for consideration by the Committee of Imperial Defence may be briefly summarised as follows:-\n\n(a) It is not for the Committee to suggest any modification of the Cabinet decision to withdraw regular naval and military guards on the 31st March. If, however, the continuance of these guards for a further definitely limited period is considered desirable, the Committee propose that it should be subject to the following conditions:-\n\n(i) That the Shipping Companies evolve an efficient scheme and agree to bring it into operation at the earliest possible date, this date to be fixed by the 1st April.\n\n(ii) That the full cost of any naval and military guards supplied after the 31st March be borne by those Shipping Companies which employ them.\n\n(b) That any practicable scheme should emanate from the Shipping Companies, but the Committee suggest that, in order to expedite progress, His Majesty's Government might inform the ship owners, both in London and in Hong Kong, that they would be willing to advise them, and to consider favourably any application for the services of retired naval and military officers and other ranks.\n\n(c) That any organization which is set up should ultimately be independent of the United Kingdom and Colonial authorities, and that the whole cost, including that of initiating the scheme, should be borne by the Companies in proportion to their demands on it.\n\n(Signed)\n\n2, Whitehall Gardens, S.W.1, March 10, 1930.\n\nG. N. MACREADY, Secretary, Oversea Defence Committee.\n\nPage 70\n\nPage 71", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 522590, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930", "page_number": 101, "title": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930", "content_text": "105\n\n5\n\n1\n\n(c) We agree that patrols by His Majesty's ships for the purpose of intercepting pirates should continue so far as the strength of the squadron in the Far East allows.\n\n(d) While recognizing that, for the present, the provision of regular naval and military guards on board ship must continue, we strongly recommend that the shipping companies should be informed that the provision of these guards will cease in one year's time, and that they will then have to assume full responsibility for the internal protection of their ships.\n\n(e) We suggest that the local authorities should be asked to consider how co-operation in intelligence between the various ports of call can be improved.\n\n(f) The root of piracy is firmly embedded in Chinese soil, and piracy can only be effectively suppressed by Chinese action on shore. We therefore suggest that strong representations should be made to the Nanking Government, if possible jointly with other foreign Powers, with a view to action being taken to this end. We suggest that the question of exacting reparation for injury to British lives or property should be considered.\n\n4.\n\nThe above report was considered by the Committee of Imperial Defence at their 240th Meeting on the 8th March, 1929, and it was agreed---\n\n(a) To recommend to the Cabinet that approval in principle should be given to the recommendations submitted by the Chiefs of Staff in paragraph 38 of their Report (C.I.D). Paper No. 330-C; and\n\n(b) To recommend that the Admiralty should be authorised to instruct the Naval Commander-in-Chief, China, that the Anti-Piracy Committee at Hong Kong should proceed on the assumption that the policy recommended by the Chiefs of Staff will be adopted in principle, and should submit in due course detailed proposals for giving effect to this policy.\n\n(c) To take note that the Foreign Office were prepared in principle to make representations to the Chinese Government at Nanking, either on the general question of piracy or in connection with each specific case, though they were not optimistic as to the result.\n\n5. On Wednesday, the 13th March, 1929, the Cabinet approved the recommendations of the Committee of Imperial Defence as set forth above (Cabinet 11(29), Conclusion 8), and the necessary instructions were communicated forthwith to the Naval Commander-in-Chief, China, the Anti-Piracy Committee, Hong Kong, and His Majesty's Minister at Peking.\n\nAs a result of these instructions, the Shipping Companies then enjoying the services of regular naval and military guards were informed that these guards would be definitely withdrawn on the 31st March, 1930, and that after that date complete responsibility for the internal protection of shipping against piratical attacks must be assumed by them.\n\n6. Since the above decision was communicated to the Shipping Companies, persistent representations have been made by the shipowners to bring about a reversal of the Cabinet decision. The valuable time expressly provided by His Majesty's Government to enable the Shipping Companies to find a suitable substitute for the regular guards was thus lost, and the shipowners have laid themselves open to the accusation that they cherished the hope that inaction and procrastination in formulating a new scheme for the internal protection of shipping after the 31st March next might result in the provision of regular guards being continued. Representations by the Naval Commander-in-Chief, China, that the Shipping Companies would be incurring grave responsibilities in not taking early steps to provide against the position which would arise on the withdrawal of the naval and military guards appear to have had little effect until last month.\n\nApart from the principle that the onus of providing adequate measures for the internal defence of their ships must rest with the shipowners, it should also be appreciated that the provision of anti-piracy guards in the Far East has resulted in considerable disorganization of the forces stationed there. The Navy cannot provide detachments for this purpose without immobilising ships, while the training and efficiency for war of military units are seriously affected by the constant absence of large numbers of N.C.O.'s and men.\n\n7. As reported in the second paragraph of the attached telegram, representations were made on the 13th February to the Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong that he should receive a deputation for the purpose of considering a scheme for the formation of a special force to be created of good-class fighting men from India with an establishment of British or foreign N.C.O.'s, the whole to form a separate unit under its own Commanding Officer, and placed for training and discipline under the Naval Commander-in-Chief or the General Officer Commanding. It was suggested that the cost should be met in the first instance by the Government of Hong Kong and recovered by a surcharge on all shipping visiting the port, assisted by a grant in aid by His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, and a contribution from the Singapore Government and other unspecified sources.\n\n8. The Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong reports that, on receiving the deputation, he found that the scheme had only been considered in barest outline. No idea of the cost had been obtained, nor did the details involved seem to have been considered. The number of men required was tentatively stated to be 400, with 35 white N.C.O.'s and 4 white Headquarter Staff.\n\n9.\n\nIt was evident during the discussion that strong opposition would be offered to any general tax which would increase charges on shipping not interested in anti-piracy guards.\n\n10.\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong considered the scheme altogether too nebulous and too expensive to be undertaken at a moment's notice, and it was represented to the deputation that the only scheme admitting of prompt application was a development of the former system of Indian Guards, possibly supplemented by white N.C.O.'s. It was left to the deputation to confer with the Inspector-General of Police, Hong Kong, with a view to evolving a practical scheme at the earliest possible moment.\n\n11. No further information is yet available as to the result of the Conference with the Inspector-General of Police, but the Oversea Defence Committee suggest that unless very active steps are taken to press the Shipping Companies to evolve a satisfactory scheme and to implement it as soon as possible, a further long delay will occur. Whatever action may be taken now, however, the Committee are of opinion that it will be impossible for the Shipping Companies to produce an efficient substitute for the present naval and military guards by the 1st April.\n\n12. In view of the above, the Oversea Defence Committee feel it their duty to mention the forcible representations made to them to the effect that if advantage is taken of the absence of guards to undertake an intensive campaign of piracy, a serious blow will be dealt to British trade in the Far East.\n\nIt is for the Cabinet to decide whether this danger is of sufficient gravity to merit any modification of their original decision.\n\nThe Committee, however, venture to recommend that if it is decided to continue the provision of regular naval and military guards, such continuance should be for a definitely limited period, and should be on condition that the Shipping Companies evolve an efficient scheme and agree to bring it into operation at the earliest possible date, the latter date to be fixed by the 1st April. Furthermore, the Committee consider that if regular naval and military guards are extended after the 31st March, their full cost from the 1st April should be borne by those Shipping Companies which employ them.\n\n13.\n\nAs regards the details of a scheme for the provision of guards by the Shipping Companies, the Oversea Defence Committee consider that any practical scheme must emanate from the Companies after they have reached agreement amongst themselves. At this juncture, any detailed criticism of the proposals made to the Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong up to date (vide Appendix) would be of little value.\n\nAt the same time, as the Companies cannot be expected to have the organizing and administrative knowledge, and undoubtedly have not the facilities for recruitment which are available to Government institutions, such as His Majesty's Forces and the Police, the Committee feel that it would expedite progress if the shipowners were informed that His Majesty's Government are willing to advise them on these matters.\n\n106", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 522595, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930", "page_number": 106, "title": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930", "content_text": "112\n\n(c) We agree that patrols by His Majesty's ships for the purpose of intercepting pirates should continue so far as the strength of the squadron in the Far East allows.\n\n(d) While recognizing that, for the present, the provision of regular naval and military guards on board ship must continue, we strongly recommend that the shipping companies should be informed that the provision of these guards will cease in one year's time, and that they will then have to assume full responsibility for the internal protection of their ships.\n\n(e) We suggest that the local authorities should be asked to consider how co-operation in intelligence between the various ports of call can be improved.\n\n(f) The root of piracy is firmly embedded in Chinese soil, and piracy can only be effectively suppressed by Chinese action on shore. We therefore suggest that strong representations should be made to the Nanking Government, if possible jointly with other foreign Powers, with a view to action being taken to this end. We suggest that the question of exacting reparation for injury to British lives or property should be considered.\n\n4. The above report was considered by the Committee of Imperial Defence at their 240th Meeting on the 8th March, 1929, and it was agreed-\n\n(a) To recommend to the Cabinet that approval in principle should be given to the recommendations submitted by the Chiefs of Staff in paragraph 38 of their Report (C.I.D. Paper No. 330-C); and\n\n(b) To recommend that the Admiralty should be authorised to instruct the Naval Commander-in-Chief, China, that the Anti-Piracy Committee at Hong Kong should proceed on the assumption that the policy recommended by the Chiefs of Staff will be adopted in principle, and should submit in due course detailed proposals for giving effect to this policy.\n\n(c) To take note that the Foreign Office were prepared in principle to make representations to the Chinese Government at Nanking, either on the general question of piracy or in connection with each specific case, though they were not optimistic as to the result.\n\n5. On Wednesday, the 13th March, 1929, the Cabinet approved the recommendations of the Committee of Imperial Defence as set forth above (Cabinet 11(29), Conclusion 8), and the necessary instructions were communicated forthwith to the Naval Commander-in-Chief, China, the Anti-Piracy Committee, Hong Kong, and His Majesty's Minister at Peking.\n\nAs a result of these instructions, the Shipping Companies then enjoying the services of regular naval and military guards were informed that these guards would be definitely withdrawn on the 31st March, 1930, and that after that date complete responsibility for the internal protection of shipping against piratical attacks must be assumed by them.\n\n6. Since the above decision was communicated to the Shipping Companies, persistent representations have been made by the shipowners to bring about a reversal of the Cabinet decision. The valuable time expressly provided by His Majesty's Government to enable the Shipping Companies to find a suitable substitute for the regular guards was thus lost, and the shipowners have laid themselves open to the accusation that they cherished the hope that inaction and procrastination in formulating a new scheme for the internal protection of shipping after the 31st March next might result in the provision of regular guards being continued. Representations by the Naval Commander-in-Chief, China, that the Shipping Companies would be incurring grave responsibilities in not taking early steps to provide against the position which would arise on the withdrawal of the naval and military guards appear to have had little effect until last month.\n\nApart from the principle that the onus of providing adequate measures for the internal defence of their ships must rest with the shipowners, it should also be appreciated that the provision of anti-piracy guards in the Far East has resulted in considerable disorganization of the forces stationed there. The Navy cannot provide detachments for this purpose without immobilising ships, while the training and efficiency for war of military units are seriously affected by the constant absence of large numbers of N.C.O.'s and men.\n\n7. As reported in the second paragraph of the attached telegram, representations were made on the 13th February to the Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong that he should receive a deputation for the purpose of considering a scheme for the formation of a special force to be created of good-class fighting men from India with an establishment of British or foreign N.C.O.'s, the whole to form a separate unit under its own Commanding Officer, and placed for training and discipline under the Naval Commander-in-Chief or the General Officer Commanding. It was suggested that the cost should be met in the first instance by the Government of Hong Kong and recovered by a surcharge on all shipping visiting the port, assisted by a grant in aid by His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, and a contribution from the Singapore Government and other unspecified sources.\n\n8. The Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong reports that, on receiving the deputation, he found that the scheme had only been considered in barest outline. No idea of the cost had been obtained, nor did the details involved seem to have been considered. The number of men required was tentatively stated to be 400, with 35 white N.C.O.'s and 4 white Headquarter Staff.\n\n9. It was evident during the discussion that strong opposition would be offered to any general tax which would increase charges on shipping not interested in anti-piracy guards.\n\n10. The Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong considered the scheme altogether too nebulous and too expensive to be undertaken at a moment's notice, and it was represented to the deputation that the only scheme admitting of prompt application was a development of the former system of Indian Guards, possibly supplemented by white N.C.O.'s. It was left to the deputation to confer with the Inspector-General of Police, Hong Kong, with a view to evolving a practical scheme at the earliest possible moment.\n\n11. No further information is yet available as to the result of the Conference with the Inspector-General of Police, but the Oversea Defence Committee suggest that unless very active steps are taken to press the Shipping Companies to evolve a satisfactory scheme and to implement it as soon as possible, a further long delay will occur. Whatever action may be taken now, however, the Committee are of opinion that it will be impossible for the Shipping Companies to produce an efficient substitute for the present naval and military guards by the 1st April.\n\n12. In view of the above, the Oversea Defence Committee feel it their duty to mention the forcible representations made to them to the effect that if advantage is taken of the absence of guards to undertake an intensive campaign of piracy, a serious blow will be dealt to British trade in the Far East.\n\nIt is for the Cabinet to decide whether this danger is of sufficient gravity to merit any modification of their original decision.\n\nThe Committee, however, venture to recommend that if it is decided to continue the provision of regular naval and military guards, such continuance should be for a definitely limited period, and should be on condition that the Shipping Companies evolve an efficient scheme and agree to bring it into operation at the earliest possible date, the latter date to be fixed by the 1st April. Furthermore, the Committee consider that if regular naval and military guards are extended after the 31st March, their full cost from the 1st April should be borne by those Shipping Companies which employ them.\n\n13. As regards the details of a scheme for the provision of guards by the Shipping Companies, the Oversea Defence Committee consider that any practical scheme must emanate from the Companies after they have reached agreement amongst themselves. At this juncture, any detailed criticism of the proposals made to the Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong up to date (vide Appendix) would be of little value.\n\nAt the same time, as the Companies cannot be expected to have the organizing and administrative knowledge, and undoubtedly have not the facilities for recruitment which are available to Government institutions, such as His Majesty's Forces and the Police, the Committee feel that it would expedite progress if the shipowners were informed that His Majesty's Government are willing to advise them on these matters.\n\n[20735]\n\nB 2\n\n113", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 522598, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930", "page_number": 109, "title": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930", "content_text": "117\n\n4.\n\nDelete paragraph 11 to the end of the memorandum\n\nand substitute the following:-\n\n11.\n\na\n\nNo further information is yet available as to the result of the Conference with the Inspector-General of Police, but the Oversea Defence Committee suggest that unless very active steps are taken to press the Shipping Companies to evolve a satisfactory scheme and to implement it as soon as possible, further long delay will occur. Whatever action may be taken now, however, the Committee are of opinion that it will be impossible for the Shipping Companies to produce an efficient substitute for the present naval and military guards by the 1st April.\n\n12. In view of the above, the Oversea Defence Committee feel it their duty to mention the forcible representations made to them to the effect that if advantage is taken of the absence of guards to undertake an intensive campaign of piracy a serious blow will be dealt to British trade in the Far East.\n\nIt is for the Cabinet to decide whether this danger is of sufficient gravity to merit any modification of their original decision.\n\nThe Committee, however, venture to recommend that if it is decided to continue the provision of regular naval and military guards, such continuance should be for a definitely limited period and should be on condition that the Shipping Companies evolve an efficient scheme and agree to bring it into operation at the earliest possible date.\n\nThe latter date to be fixed by the 1st April. Furthermore, the Committee consider that if regular naval and military guards are extended after the 31st March, their full cost from the 1st April should be borne by those Shipping Companies which employ them.\n\n13. As regards the details of a scheme for the provision of guards by the Shipping Companies, the Oversea Defence Committee consider that any practical scheme must emanate from the Companies after they have reached agreement amongst themselves. At this juncture no detailed criticisms of the proposals made to the officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong up to date (vide Appendix) would be of little value.\n\nAt the same time, as the Companies cannot be expected to have the organizing and administrative knowledge, and undoubtedly have not the facilities for recruitment which are available to Government institutions, such as His Majesty's Forces and the Police, the Committee feel that it would expedite progress if the ship owners were informed that His Majesty's Government are willing to advise them on this point and to consider favourably any application for the services of retired naval and military officers and other ranks.\n\n14. The Committee suggest that since it has been accepted that the internal protection of ships against piracy is the responsibility of the Shipping Companies, any scheme which is evolved should be based on the following principles:-\n\n2.\n\n(a)....", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 522602, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930", "page_number": 113, "title": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930", "content_text": "121\n\n122\n\nagree\n\n(c) We that patrols by His Majesty's ships for the purpose of intercepting pirates should continue so far as the strength of the squadron in the Far East allows.\n\n(d) While recognizing that, for the present, the provision of regular naval and military guards on board ship must continue, we strongly recommend that the shipping companies should be informed that the provision of these guards will cease in one year's time, and that they will then have to assume full responsibility for the internal protection of their ships.\n\n(e) We suggest that the local authorities should be asked to consider how co-operation in intelligence between the various ports of call can be improved.\n\n(f) The root of piracy is firmly embedded in Chinese soil, and piracy can only be effectively suppressed by Chinese action on shore. We therefore suggest that strong representations should be made to the Nanking Government, if possible jointly with other foreign Powers, with a view to action being taken to this end. We suggest that the question of exacting reparation for injury to British lives or property should be considered.\n\nThe above report was considered by the Committee of Imperial Defence at their 240th Meeting on the 8th March, 1929, and it was agreed-\n\n4.\n\n*(a) To recommend to the Cabinet that approval in principle should be given to the recommendations submitted by the Chiefs of Staff in paragraph 38 of their Report (C.I.D. Paper No. 330-C); and\n\n(b) To recommend that the Admiralty should be authorised to instruct the Naval Commander-in-Chief, China, that the Anti-Piracy Committee at Hong Kong should proceed on the assumption that the policy recommended by the Chiefs of Staff will be adopted in principle, and should submit in due course detailed proposals for giving effect to this policy.\n\n(c) To take note that the Foreign Office were prepared in principle to make representations to the Chinese Government at Nanking, either on the general question of piracy or in connection with each specific case, though they were not optimistic as to the result.\n\n5. On Wednesday, the 13th March, 1929, the Cabinet approved the recommendations of the Committee of Imperial Defence as set forth above (Cabinet 11(29), Conclusion 8), and the necessary instructions were communicated forthwith to the Naval Commander-in-Chief, China, the Anti-Piracy Committee, Hong Kong, and His Majesty's Minister at Peking.\n\nAs a result of these instructions, the Shipping Companies then enjoying the services of regular naval and military guards were informed that these guards would be definitely withdrawn on the 31st March, 1930, and that after that date complete responsibility for the internal protection of shipping against piratical attacks must be assumed by them.\n\n6. Since the above decision was communicated to the Shipping Companies there have been many indications that the latter were extremely reluctant to dispense with the assistance of regular naval and military guards, and there is little doubt that they cherished the hope that inaction and delay in formulating a new scheme for the protection of shipping after the 31st March next might result in the provision of regular guards being continued. Frequent representations by the Naval Commander-in-Chief, China, that the Shipping Companies would be incurring grave responsibilities in not taking early steps to provide against the position which would arise on the withdrawal of the naval and military guards appear to have had little effect until last month.\n\n7. As reported in the second paragraph of the attached telegram, representations were made on the 13th February to the Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong that he should receive a deputation for the purpose of considering a scheme for the formation of a special force to be created of good-class fighting men from India with an establishment of British or foreign N.C.O.'s, the whole to form a separate unit under its own Commanding Officer, and placed for training and discipline under the Naval Commander-in-Chief or the General Officer Commanding. It was suggested that the cost should be met in the first instance by the Government of Hong Kong and recovered by a surcharge on all shipping visiting the port, assisted by a grant in aid by the Imperial Government, and a contribution from the Singapore Government and other unspecified sources.\n\n8.\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong reports that, on receiving the deputation, he found that the scheme had only been considered in rough outline. No idea of the cost had been obtained, nor did the details involved seem to have been considered. The number of men required was tentatively stated to be 400, with 35 white N.C.O.'s and 4 white Headquarter Staff.\n\n9. It was evident during the discussion that strong opposition would be offered to any general tax which would increase charges on shipping not interested in anti-piracy guards.\n\n10.\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong considered the scheme altogether too nebulous and too expensive to be undertaken at a moment's notice, and it was represented to the deputation that the only scheme admitting of prompt application was a development of the former system of Indian Guards, possibly supplemented by white N.C.O.'s. It was left to the deputation to confer with the Inspector-General of Police, Hong Kong, with a view to evolving a practical scheme at the earliest possible moment.\n\n11. No further information is yet available as to the result of the conference with the Inspector-General, but the Oversea Defence Committee suggest that, unless very active steps are taken to promote a scheme, and to induce the Companies concerned to accept it, a further delay of some months will occur. In any case, it would appear impossible to evolve and put into practice a satisfactory scheme by the 31st March, on which date, according to the present Cabinet decision, the regular naval and military guards are to be withdrawn.\n\n12. The Committee are in full agreement with the views expressed by the Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong on the vague proposals submitted by the Shipping Companies.\n\nThey suggest that, since it has been accepted that the internal protection of ships against piracy is the responsibility of the Shipping Companies, any scheme which is evolved should be based on the following principles:-\n\n(a) That the organization set up should be entirely independent of the British naval and military forces. Preferably, it should also be independent of British Colonial Police Forces, although, as suggested below, it is probably desirable that the initiation of the scheme should be undertaken by the Government of Hong Kong through the agency of the Inspector-General of Police.\n\n(b) That the whole of the cost should be borne by the Shipping Companies making use of the organization, and by them alone, in proportion to their demands on it.\n\n13. With reference to (a), the Committee would invite particular attention to the serious disorganization of the British Naval and Military forces in the Far East which has been caused in recent years by the provision of anti-piracy guards. The Navy cannot provide detachments for this purpose without immobilising ships, whilst the training and efficiency for war of military units are seriously affected by the constant absence of large numbers of men and N.C.O.'s.\n\n14. As regards (b), it is clearly inequitable that the cost of the scheme should be recovered by a surcharge on all shipping visiting Hong Kong (or Singapore), since many lines, such as the P. & O., who do not deal in coolie traffic or have a sufficient percentage of white personnel among their crews, never require the assistance of anti-piracy guards.\n\n15. Although, as stated above, the inaction of the Shipping Companies during the last year has no doubt been largely due to a hope that, in the absence of measures for the protection of shipping after the 31st March, the regular guards might be continued, the Oversea Defence Committee recognize that it might be a matter of no little difficulty for a number of separate Shipping Companies to organize co-operatively what is in effect a small police force. The Companies have probably little of the organizing and administrative knowledge required, and undoubtedly have not the facilities for recruitment which are available to Government institutions, such as the Police.\n\n[20735]\n\nB 2", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 522619, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930", "page_number": 130, "title": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930", "content_text": "(P 99%) 10).\n\nSir,\n\nJohn Wiri and Sons Limited,\n\n9, Billiter Square,\n\nLONDON, E.C.3.\n\nFebruary 10th, 1930.\n\nPiracy in China.\n\n(14)\n\nWe thank you for your letter of January 30th in answer to ours of November 2nd. We appreciate that your time is and may be for an indefinite period so fully occupied with the Naval Conference, that it will be almost impossible for you to find time yet awhile to receive a deputation from us, although we hope that it may still be possible in due course. Owing to our vessels are however even now being forced to sail without military guards to their no small danger and the time is getting on towards April, when we are told no more guards will be available.\n\nWhilst we realize that it may be impossible to maintain a large enough military or naval force in the Far East until the re-establishment of law and order in China puts an end to piracy, we submit that we are after all British subjects and are entitled to protection from British forces, and experience conclusively proves that military guards are the only real protection against piracy. In the opinion of both shipowners and shipmasters, who have had experience of this question of piracy, a body of guards in the employ and under the control only of the shipping companies is useless, because the essence of efficiency in this matter is military discipline and the shipping companies only have\n\nThe Right Honourable J. Ramsay MacDonald, M.P.,\n\nDowning Street,\n\nS.W.1.\n\n...\n\nPage 130\n\nPage 131", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 522740, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-3 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-4-1930 - 20-11-1930", "page_number": 25, "title": "CO129-521-3 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-4-1930 - 20-11-1930", "content_text": "Report on the Organization of Police Anti-Piracy Guards to replace the Military Guards on board Merchant Ships on the China Coast.\n\n25\n\n1.\n\nThe decision of the Home Authorities in April 1929 that the Military were to be withdrawn from service as Anti-Piracy Guards on board British Merchant ships in China waters with effect from the 1st April, 1930, made it necessary to make new arrangements for guards and the proposal advocated by the Home Authorities but by no means enthusiastically received by the Shipping Community was to replace the Military Guards by Guards recruited and supplied by the Hong Kong Police who had previously supplied Guards to numerous Shipping Companies and who the Authorities reasonably anticipated could meet the requirements of the Shipping Companies. Eventually the Home Authorities agreed to extend the period of service of the Military Guards on these terms from the 1st April, 1930, until such time as the Hong Kong Police could furnish the necessary new Guards.\n\nIt was further stipulated that the Military Guards must be paid for in full by the Shipping firms employing them as must also be the new Guards furnished by the Hong Kong Police. The Shipping Firms concerned, i.e.:-\n\nI. The Canadian Pacific Steamships Ltd.\n\nII. The British India Steam Navigation Co., Ltd.\n\nIII. The Indo China Steam Navigation Co., Ltd.\n\nIV. The China Navigation Co., Ltd.\n\naccepted these proposals not without misgivings and a conference", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-3 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-4-1930 - 20-11-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 522741, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-3 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-4-1930 - 20-11-1930", "page_number": 26, "title": "CO129-521-3 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-4-1930 - 20-11-1930", "content_text": "- 2 -\n\n26\n\nA conference followed at Government House where the terms on which Police would be supplied by the Hong Kong Government were laid down by the Officer Administering the Government and agreed to by the Representatives of the Shipping Firms.\n\nFurther negotiations between the Inspector General of Police and the Shipping Companies followed, resulting in what appear to be satisfactory arrangements for the safeguarding of the ships concerned.\n\n2.\n\nAll the firms interested were anxious to have Guards at least equal in number to those provided by the Military, all of which were British troops. It was, of course, out of the question to supply British Guards to replace British troops, and the Shipping Companies were therefore given their choice of the men available:\n\n(a) Russians.\n\n(b) Indians.\n\n(c) Northern Chinese.\n\nThe Guards were to be under British Police supervision where required. The Companies concerned held divergent views on the numbers and nationality of the men to be recruited. After full discussion, the following arrangements were agreed upon:\n\nI. The Canadian Pacific Steamships Ltd.\n\nThese ships were to be manned entirely by white Guards consisting of:\n\n1. British Police Officer (Sgt's rank) i/c.\n\n2. Russian Sergeants.\n\n12 Russian Rank and file (later reduced to 10).\n\nWith", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-3 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-4-1930 - 20-11-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 522865, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-4 Piracy in Chinese waters- China Navigation Company Ltd- H.M. Attorney General; responsibility of British Government... 24-6-1930 - 23-4-1931", "page_number": 14, "title": "CO129-521-4 Piracy in Chinese waters- China Navigation Company Ltd- H.M. Attorney General; responsibility of British Government... 24-6-1930 - 23-4-1931", "content_text": "Report on the Organization of Police Anti-Piracy Guards to replace the Military Guards on board Merchant ships on the China Coast.\n\n14\n\n1.\n\nThe decision of the Home Authorities in April 1927 that the Military were to be withdrawn from service as anti-Piracy Guards on board British Merchant ships in China waters with effect from the 1st April, 1930, made it necessary to make new arrangements for guards and the proposal advocated by the Home Authorities but by no means enthusiastically received by the Shipping Community was to replace the Military Guards by Guards recruited and supplied by the Hong Kong Police who had previously supplied Guards to numerous Shipping Companies and whom the Authorities reasonably anticipated could meet the requirements of the Shipping Companies. Eventually the Home Authorities agreed to extend the period of service of the Military Guards on these terms from the 1st April, 1930, until such time as the Hong Kong Police could furnish the necessary new Guards.\n\nIt was further stipulated that the Military Guards must be paid for in full by the Shipping firms employing them as must also be the new Guards furnished by the Hong Kong Police. The Shipping Firms concerned i.e.:-\n\nI. The Canadian Pacific Steamships Ltd.\n\nII. The British India Steam Navigation Co., Ltd.\n\nIII. The Indo China Steam Navigation Co., Ltd.\n\nIV. The China Navigation Co., Ltd.\n\naccepted these proposals not without misgivings and a conference", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-4 Piracy in Chinese waters- China Navigation Company Ltd- H.M. Attorney General; responsibility of British Government... 24-6-1930 - 23-4-1931.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 522866, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-521-4 Piracy in Chinese waters- China Navigation Company Ltd- H.M. Attorney General; responsibility of British Government... 24-6-1930 - 23-4-1931", "page_number": 15, "title": "CO129-521-4 Piracy in Chinese waters- China Navigation Company Ltd- H.M. Attorney General; responsibility of British Government... 24-6-1930 - 23-4-1931", "content_text": "-2-\n\nconference followed at Government House where the terms on which Police would be supplied by the Hong Kong Government were laid down by the Officer Administering the Government and agreed to by the Representatives of the Shipping Firms.\n\nFurther negotiations between the Inspector General of Police and the Shipping Companies followed resulting in what appear to be satisfactory arrangements for the safeguarding of the ships concerned.\n\n2. All the firms interested were anxious to have Guards at least equal in number to those provided by the Military all of which were British troops. It was of course out of the question to supply British Guards to replace British troops, and the Shipping Companies were therefore given their choice of the men available: -\n\n(a) Russians.\n\n(b) Indians.\n\n(c) Northern Chinese. The men were to be used with British Police supervision where required. The Companies concerned held divergent views on the numbers and nationality of the men to be recruited.\n\nAfter full discussion the following arrangements were agreed upon: -\n\nI. The Canadian Pacific Steamships Ltd. Their ships were to be manned entirely by white Guards consisting of:-\n\n1. British Police Officer (regt's rank) i/c.\n\n2. Russian Sergeants.\n\n12. Russian rank and file (later reduced to 17).\n\nWith", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-4 Piracy in Chinese waters- China Navigation Company Ltd- H.M. Attorney General; responsibility of British Government... 24-6-1930 - 23-4-1931.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 523478, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-522-4 China inland water- river and coastal trade- smuggling by British ships 12-12-1929 - 24-3-1930", "page_number": 43, "title": "CO129-522-4 China inland water- river and coastal trade- smuggling by British ships 12-12-1929 - 24-3-1930", "content_text": "THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT.\n\nCHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[F6549/1774/10]\n\nNo. 1.\n\nDecember 12, 1929.\n\nSECTION 3.\n\nSir M. Lampson to Mr. A. Henderson.-(Received December 12.)\n\n(No. 1542.)\n\nHIS Majesty's Minister, Peking, presents his compliments to His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and transmits herewith copy of despatch No. 293 from His Majesty's consul-general, Shanghai, dated the 3rd October, respecting the agitation for the abrogation of inland water navigation privileges held by foreign shipping.\n\nPeking, October 23, 1929.\n\n(No. 293.) Sir,\n\nEnclosure in No. 1.\n\nConsul-General Garstin to Sir M. Lampson.\n\nShanghai, October 3, 1929.\n\nWITH reference to my despatch No. 247, paragraphs 2 and 3, of the 24th August, I have the honour to report that an agitation is being kept up in the local Chinese press and elsewhere for the so-called resumption of China's navigational rights. It will be remembered that over a year ago, during the Communications Conference at Nanking, the Chinese National Amalgamated Chambers of Commerce put forward proposals for recovering control of navigation on inland waters (see my telegram No. 198 of the 12th August, 1928). It was suggested that the treaty provisions on which this right was based should be abrogated. This question has since been mooted from time to time in the Chinese press, but it would seem that it is only within the last month or two that it has been taken up seriously with the National Government.\n\n2. On the 7th August last, the Central Political Council at Nanking discussed the question, and the Kuomin News Agency announced that the Legislative Yuan would be instructed to draft a navigation law defining the scope of shipping rights and abrogating the privilege of inland navigation heretofore enjoyed by foreign shipping. Shortly afterwards, the managing director of the China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company, in an interview with a representative of a local Chinese newspaper, made the statements reported in my despatch under reference. A leading article on this subject, which appeared in the \"North China Daily News\" of the 23rd August, is enclosed herein for facility of reference.* The cry for the resumption of Chinese navigational rights was soon taken up by the Chinese public, and even the sinking of the China Merchants' steamship \"Hsin Kong\" in a collision with the Nippon Yusen Kaisha's steamship \"Tatsuma Maru\" off the Shantung promontory on the 21st July was made the occasion for passing a resolution urging the Government to continue fighting for the abrogation of unequal treaties. On the 9th September, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Dr. C. T. Wang, interviewed two representatives (Messrs. Liu Shih-sun and Ch'en Po-kang) of the committee or association formed for the resumption of navigational rights, at the Shanghai office of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The interviewers asked Dr. Wang, with special reference to the forthcoming negotiation of a new commercial treaty with Japan, what the views of the Chinese Government were in regard to revising the treaties so as to resume Chinese rights in the navigation of coastal and inland waters. Dr. Wang replied that the right of foreign vessels to ply coastwise and on inland waters in China was indeed an unfair provision of unequal treaties, and that the Government would naturally carry out the principle of complete resumption of navigational rights. For his own part he would, of course, abide by and give firm expression to the Government's policy. Let his interviewers assure the shipping interests concerned that they need have no anxiety on that score. Messrs. Liu and Ch'en observed that Dr. Wang's statement was auspicious for the\n\n* Not printed.\n\n[974 m-3]\n\nPage 43", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-522-4 China inland water- river and coastal trade- smuggling by British ships 12-12-1929 - 24-3-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 527626, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932", "page_number": 50, "title": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932", "content_text": "## 64\n\nBrought forward..... $8,407.00\n\n106.-37, Pensions:-1, Death Gratuities.......\n$815.00\nProvision made in Estimates (page 111 head 37 sub-head 1) $35,000\nProvision made by Supplementary Vote (Messages Nos. 8 and 9 items Nos. 38, 39 and 60) $9,439\nTotal....... $44,439\n\nThe additional sum now requested is required to provide for a death gratuity of $334.87 (i.e., the equivalent to one year's salary less pension already drawn) to the widow of the late Lo Kau P.C. C15, who was granted a pension after 21 years service on 4th July, 1931, and died on 10th September, 1931, and a death gratuity of $480 (i.e., the equivalent to one year's salary) to the widow of the late Cheng Pak, P.S. C32, who was granted a pension after 20 years service on 1st August, 1931, and died on 2nd September, 1931.\n\nThe above grants were approved by the Finance Committee on 7th October, 1931, and 16th September, 1931, respectively.\n\n(C.S.O. 3150/31).\n\n* 107.-32, Kowloon-Canton Railway :-Other Charges, 15 Lubricants E-3-1-4 Locomotive Oil...\nProvision made in Estimates (page 98 sub-head 15)... $1,500.00 $12,000\nFrom May 3rd, 1931, the express trains between Kowloon and Canton were hauled by the new tender Locomotives, and a more expensive oil was used on these engines, also oil consumption increased as higher speeds were attained.\n\nIn addition, a certain number of the tank locomotives had to be lubricated in readiness should they be called upon to run the express service.\n\nThe above is to be met from savings under E-3-1-2-1 Coal for Locomotives (1931 Estimates page 97 sub-head 6).\n\n(C.S.O. 12 in 173/31).\n\n108.-13, Harbour Department and Air Services:-Expenses of sending officers to attend conference at Simla\nProvision made by Supplementary Vote (Message No. 5 item No. 13) $6,408\nEstimated expenses for sending 3 delegates to India to attend the Merchant Shipping Round Table Conference was $6,407.13, to cover which the sum of $6,408 was authorized by Financial Committee message 5 item 13 of 1931.\n\n$371.00\n\nBrought forward.......... $11,093.00\n\n* 109.-31, Public Works Extraordinary-General Works. Drainage 60 (2) Miscellaneous Works, New Kowloon\nProvision made in Estimates (page 95 sub-head 60 (b)) $80,000\nIn connection with the development of the area between Kau Lung Tsai and Kowloon City, it is very desirable to put in hand this year the following drainage works:-\n| Item | Description | Amount |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| i | Sewer in the cemetery road between N.K.I.L. 1382 and Prince Edward Road | $8,000 |\n| ii | Sewer in Prince Edward Road from the foot of the cemetery road to street west of Tak Ku Ling Road | $15,000 |\n| iii | Extension of 81\" storm water drain in street west of Tak Ku Ling Road, towards Kowloon City | $9,000 |\n| Total | | $32,000 |\n\nThe above is to be met from savings under Miscellaneous Drainage Works, Kowloon (1931 Estimates page 94 sub-head 43 (6)) on which vote there is an approximate balance of $57,000.\n\n(C.S.O. 2 in 391/31).\n\n* 110.-15, Fire Brigade:-11, Stores\nProvision made in Estimates (page 36 sub-head 11) ... $7,000\nOwing to the lower rate of exchange and increase in cost of stores, the vote will be exceeded by $1,200.\n\nA supplementary vote for the sum of $1,200 is therefore requested.\n\nThe above is to be met from savings under \"Hose\" (1931 Estimates page 36 sub-head 5).\n\n(C.S.O. 18 in 173/31).\n\nCarried forward............... $11,093.00\n\n* 111.-23, Police Force :-14, Incidental Expenses\nProvision made in Estimates (page 46 sub-head 14) .. $5,000\nThe sum provided has proved insufficient owing to several unforeseen payments in respect of fees and expenses of police officers attending special courses of training in Great Britain.\n\nThe above is to be met from savings under Bedding-$1,000 and Coal for Barracks-$1,000 (1931 Estimates page 46 sub-heads 4 and 8).\n\n(C.S.O. 18 in 173/31).\n\nThe actual expenses of the delegation amounted to $6,778.79, and a vote to cover the excess is now applied for.\n\n(C.S.O. 1 in 946/28).\n\n| Amount |\n| --- |\n| $32,000.00 |\n| $1,200.00 |\n| $2,000.00 |\n\nCarried forward............ $46,293.00\n\n## 65\n\nPage 50\nPage 51", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 527702, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932", "page_number": 126, "title": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932", "content_text": "## Schedule to Item No. 203\n\n| Sub-head | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| | $1,967 |\n| | $1,159 |\n| | $181 |\n| | $36 |\n| | $67 |\n| | $138 |\n| | $99 |\n\np. 102 Sub-head 43...\np. 103 Sub-head 1. 27 in `173/30`. p. 102 Sub-head 30...\n\n35, Charitable Services...... 16 in `173/31`. p. 33 Sub-head 10...... $200\n14, Royal Observatory... p. 33 Sub-head 12...... \n15 in `173/30`. p. 47 Sub-head 26...... Finance Message No. 15, Item No. 132. 20 in `173/31`. p. 45 Sub-head 5......\n5,000 | 25, Medical Department... $2,000\n43, Stationery... $8,500\n34, Miscellaneous Services... $30\n30, Newspapers and Periodicals... $95,000\n12,481 \n009 \n006 \n1, Sundry Charitable Allowances and Pensions (already allocated)... $12\n12, Maintenance of Magnetographs... $10\n10, Maintenance of Lithographic Plant... $6\n6, Laboratory Expenses... \n20, Expenses of courses of study and attendance at Medical Congresses... $16,000\n24, Prison Department... $5\n5, Clothing and Shoes for Staff... \n\n## Provision in Estimates 1930\n\n| Head of Estimates | TOTAL |\n| --- | --- |\n| | $140,684 |\n\n## TOTAL\n\n$4,705\n\n## 12.-13, Harbour Department and Air Services\n\n1, Personal Emoluments: Provision made in Estimates (page 28, sub-head 1)... $445,267\nEstimated acting pay as under, owing to the absence of Comr. G. F. Hole, R.N., Harbour Master from the Colony to attend the Merchant Shipping Round Table Conference to be held at Simla in May, 1931.\n\n| Amount required | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Comdr. J. B. Newill, R.N., Deputy Harbour Master to act as Harbour Master for 24 months and draw salary as per G.O. `92(1)`... | £31. 5. 0 |\n| Comdr. T. C. Stiff, R.N.R., Nautical Surveyor, to act as Assistant Harbour Master for 2 months, vice Mr. T. W. H. Hosegood who is proceeding on home leave in March and draw salary as per G.O. `92(1)`... | £10. 8. 4 |\n| Total... | £41.13.4 |\n\n£41.13.4 viz £20.16.8 at Exch. 1/6d. = £20.16.8\n\n| | $ |\n| --- | --- |\n| Comdr. G. F. Hole, R.N... | 1,491.15 |\n| Mr. W. O. Lambert... | 768.90 |\n| Mr. G. Swan... | 652.37 |\n| Deficit... | 277.78 |\n| | 430.11 |\n| TOTAL | $2,912.42 |\n| | $3,620.31 |\n\n## 13.-13, Harbour Department and Air Services\n\nExpenses of sending officers to attend Conference at Simla. Estimated Expenses for sending three delegates to India to attend the Merchant Shipping Round Table Conference. Estimates are based on a period of 2 months:\n\n| | $ |\n| --- | --- |\n| Three return fares 1st Class Hong Kong to Calcutta... | 2,283.00 |\n| 3 return Railway fares-Calcutta to Simla 1st Class Rs 620/2/6 @ Exchange 65/4 (cost from Thos. Cook & Son)... | 951.72 |\n| Hotel Allowances for 3 Officers at Rs 15/-/- per day each for 46 days R 2070 @ Exchange 65/1... | 3,172.41 |\n| Total... | $6,407.13 |\n\n`(C.S.O. 946/28. Part II)`\n\n## TOTAL\n\n| | $ |\n| --- | --- |\n| | 10,029.00 |\n| | 6,408.00 |\n| | 3,621.00 |", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 527717, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932", "page_number": 141, "title": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932", "content_text": "## Schedule to Item No. 203. 1930.\n\n| Sub-head | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | 1,967 |\n| | 1,159 |\n| | 787 |\n| | 36 |\n| | 67/ |\n| | 138- |\n| | 66 - |\n\np. 102 Sub-head 43 ... 27 in `173/30`. \np. 102 Sub-head 30 ... 8,500 \n| Description | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Miscellaneous Services | 95,000 |\n| Newspapers and Periodicals | 30,000 |\n| Stationery | 12,484 |\n| Charitable Services | 16 |\n| | 200 |\n| Royal Observatory | 1 |\n| Sundry Charitable Allowances and Pensions (already allocated) | |\n| Maintenance of Lithographic Plant | 10 |\n| Maintenance of Magnetographs | 0.09 |\n| | -- |\n| | 0.06 |\n\np. 103 Sub-head 1. \n15 in `173/31`. | p. 33 Sub-head 10. \n| Description | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Medical Department | 5,000 |\n| Laboratory Expenses | 2,000 |\n| Expenses of courses of study and attendance at Medical Congresses | ... |\n| Prison Department | 16,000 |\n| Clothing and Shoes for Staff | 5 |\n\n## Provision in Estimates 1930.\n\n| Head of Estimates | TOTAL |\n| --- | --- |\n| | $140,684 |\n\n## TOTAL.\n\n$ 4,705\n\n## Estimates, 1931.\n\n### 12.-13, Harbour Department and Air Services:-1, Personal Emoluments\n\nProvision made in Estimates (page 28, sub-head 1)... $445,267 \nEstimated acting pay as under, owing to the absence of Comr. G. F. Hole, R.N., Harbour Master from the Colony to attend the Merchant Shipping Round Table Conference to be held at Simla in May, 1931,\n\n| Position | Amount Required |\n| --- | --- |\n| Comdr. J. B. Newill, R.N., Deputy Harbour Master to act as Harbour Master for 2 months and draw salary as per G.O. `92(1)` | £31. 5. 0 |\n| Comdr. T. C. Stiff, R.N.R., Nautical Surveyor, to act as Assistant Harbour Master for 2 months, vice Mr. T. W. H. Hosegood who is proceeding on home leave in March and draw salary as per G.O. `92(1)` | £10. 8. 4 |\n| Total | £41.13.4 |\n| Difference of Salaries when paid at Treasury Rate 1s. 1d. | £20.16.8 |\n\n| Name | Salary |\n| --- | --- |\n| Comdr. G. F. Hole, R.N. | $1,491.15 |\n| Mr. W. O. Lambert | $768.90 |\n| Mr. G. Swan | $652.37 |\n| Deficit | $277.78 |\n| | $430.11 |\n| TOTAL | $2,912.42 |\n| | $3,620.31 |\n\n(`C.S.O. 946/28 Part II.`)\n\n### 13.-13, Harbour Department and Air Services - Expenses of sending officers to attend Conference at Simla\n\nEstimated Expenses for sending three delegates to India to attend the Merchant Shipping Round Table Conference. Estimates are based on a period of 2 months:\n\n| Description | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Three return fares 1st Class Hong Kong to Calcutta | $2,283.00 |\n| 3 return Railway fares - Calcutta to Simla 1st Class Re 620/2/6 @ Exchange 65d | $951.72 |\n| Hotel Allowances for 3 Officers at R 15/-/- per day each for 46 days R 2070 @ Exchange 65d | $3,172.41 |\n| Total | $6,407.13 |\n\n(`C.S.O. 946/28. Part II`)\n\n## TOTAL.\n\n$10,029.00 \n$3,621.00 \n\n## 194", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 527815, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-530-5 Shipping regulations and equipment 3-12-1930 - 16-3-1933", "page_number": 20, "title": "CO129-530-5 Shipping regulations and equipment 3-12-1930 - 16-3-1933", "content_text": "No.L7450/1197/405.\n\n**FORZICH OFFICE, 8.1.**\n\n28th December, 1931.\n\n20\n\nSir\n\nWith reference to Monsieur de Oxholm's note No.5-L/GH.No.230/31 of the 20th ultimo, enquiring whether the new regulations replacing Tables 'A' and 'D' of the Hongkong Merchant Shipping Ordinance No.10 of 1899 have yet been issued by the Government of the Colony, I have the honour to inform you that the Hongkong Government are not yet in possession of the report of the Conference held at Simla in May last on the subject of the Indian Pilgrims and Deck Passengers Traffic. A copy of the report is, however, being sent to the Governor at an early date and on receipt of the report the Hongkong Government will consider the issue of the regulations in question. The Governor will be asked to forward copies of the new regulations when issued and I shall have the honour to transmit them to you in due course.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nwith the highest consideration,\nSir,\nYour obedient Servant,\n(For the Secretary of State)\nCount P.F. Ahlefeldt Laurvig, G.C.V.O.\n\nPage 20\nPage 21", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-530-5 Shipping regulations and equipment 3-12-1930 - 16-3-1933.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 527816, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-530-5 Shipping regulations and equipment 3-12-1930 - 16-3-1933", "page_number": 21, "title": "CO129-530-5 Shipping regulations and equipment 3-12-1930 - 16-3-1933", "content_text": "## C. O.\n\nMr. Tomlinson.\n\nSir C. Bottomley.\n\nSir J. Shuckburgh.\n\nSir G. Grindle.\n\nPermt. U.S. of S.\n\nParly. U.S. of S.\n\nSecretary of State.\n\n**DRAFT**\n\nOh U.S.S.\n\n7.0\n\n(9)\n\nFrom former\n\nC.O.S. Ag. T.\n\nN°. 21197/1197/405 8th April,\n\ncount inclosing a copy of a note from the Danish Minister regarding the regulations which the Govt of Hong Kong propose to introduce to repeal Tables A and B of the Merchant Shipping Ordinance, N.10 of 1899.\n\nMs. to Transmit to F.A., for his information, a copy of a despatch which has been sent to the Governor.\n\n2. The Conference referred to in the Confidentials which the Govt of the contracting powers directly interested in the Russian pilgrims traffic was convened last May in Simla to consider the draft convention with Articles 4(6) and 12(5)2.\n\n| Date | Reference | Description |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 5 May | (8) | |\n| 15 June, 1831 | | |\n| 9-JUN | 82743/2, 41. | |\n| 8th April | N°. 21197/1197/405 | Danish Minister's note |\n\n`GR1178/1922/32(III)` \n`XCR(85)72`", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-530-5 Shipping regulations and equipment 3-12-1930 - 16-3-1933.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 528192, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-531-10 Hong Kong University- encouragement of Chinese students to counteract American influence 30-5-1931 - 1-9-1931", "page_number": 149, "title": "CO129-531-10 Hong Kong University- encouragement of Chinese students to counteract American influence 30-5-1931 - 1-9-1931", "content_text": "174 \n-5- \n\n## FREIGHT RATES \n\n### MISSION TO SOUTH AFRICA AND THE RHODESIAS \n\n10. \"That the Board of Trade should invite the Chamber of Shipping of the United Kingdom, in conjunction with the South African Steamship Conference and other Conferences, to investigate fully the question of freight rates charged upon commodities exported from the United Kingdom on the one hand, and from foreign ports on the other, and to endeavour to have removed any handicap from which the exporters in the United Kingdom may be suffering as compared with their competitors.\"\n\n11. \n### ECONOMIC MISSION TO JAPAN AND CHINA \n(a) \"That the question of freight rates both on raw material imported into Great Britain for our industries and on finished products exported from Great Britain, particularly to the Far East, calls for serious investigation\". \n(b) \"That the authorities at home should take up the matter of freight rates with British Shipping Companies with a view to placing British exporters on a parity with Continental exporters\".", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-531-10 Hong Kong University- encouragement of Chinese students to counteract American influence 30-5-1931 - 1-9-1931.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 528928, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-532-3 Mui Tsai system 4-12-1930 - 9-11-1931", "page_number": 45, "title": "CO129-532-3 Mui Tsai system 4-12-1930 - 9-11-1931", "content_text": "# LORDS \n## Slavery.\n\n1021 repeated. There is one particular evil feature of the system, as I understand, that is prevalent, and that is the system of pawning. I hope it is no longer true, but until recently the Government imposed all sorts of arbitrary fines and, in order to meet these fines, parents were ready to pawn their children. The pawn could not be redeemed except by a third party. The persons who were pawned could not redeem it themselves. I should be very grateful if any information could be given as to whether, through the League of Nations and the co-operation of the United States of America, some improvement of the situation might be effected in that alas ill-governed and unhappy country.\n\n## Slavery.\n\nIt is chiefly, I suppose, in the west and south-west, which are distant from any kind of central control, that the slave-trading and slave-owning exist, and it is mainly, I am informed, in exchange for arms and ammunition that the slaves are bought and sold. I wish that, by more strenuous international action, the importation of arms and ammunition into these wild border tribes could be restrained, but certainly every word that the noble Earl has said will be echoed by all of us as to our doing everything that is possible to give understanding sympathy and assistance to the Emperor in carrying out his desires in spite of such overwhelming difficulties.\n\nI think I ought to say a word about Liberia, though I know the noble Lord, Lord Lugard, will be able to say things much more to the point in a moment. It is a situation, surely, of the most sinister irony. This State was founded by philanthropists who were filled with the idea of \"Back to Africa,\" and who sent numbers of liberated slaves from the southern States of America in the hope that they, who had suffered so much in their own lives, would be eager and zealous to do everything that they could to prevent similar happenings among the tribes of the country to which they went. And still, I am told, the motto of the country is: \"The abolition of slavery and the love of liberty brought us here.\" Yet the 15,000 or so negro and half-caste Liberians who have control of the country have imposed upon it every form of serfdom and of slavery. These friends of liberty are the creators of a widely-extended system of slavery. The evidence of the Christy Commission cannot be set aside. That evidence shows that between 1914 and 1927 no fewer than 7,268 slaves were taken away on ships, chiefly to Spanish and Portuguese plantations. I know of one contract for the procuring and shipping of 3,000 labourers at £9 each.\n\nThese unfortunate simple natives are decoyed, deceived and carried away, often not knowing where they are going, often treated with the greatest cruelty; and, in fact, all the old excesses of the slave days seemed to have been largely revived.\n\nThe Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.\n\nThe only effective influence that can be brought to bear upon this problem is, of course, the League of Nations. Happily the phrase which the noble Earl used, \"an international conscience\" is now not only a phrase but a fact. It exists and it has its organ and establishment in the League; and we must all wish that the League should undertake this matter with the same continuity with which it has undertaken questions of the care of refugees, the sale of noxious drugs, the spread of disease and the white slave traffic. But the Anti-slavery Convention is not enough. The report once a year to the Assembly is not enough. There is need of unremitting vigilance and pressure and therefore I would most cordially endorse the plea made by the noble Earl that there should be created in connection with the League a standing bureau of information. I need not repeat the reasons which he has so clearly and fully given, but I am certain, so far as I can see, that in order to make the Anti-Slavery Convention really effective some such permanent Committee of experts, for the assembling of every sort of information and giving to the Assembly a report really based upon accurate and accumulative knowledge of the facts, is necessary. Certainly we cannot rest satisfied with the position which still prevails over so large a part of the world, and we trust that by the time the centenary of 1833 comes round we shall be able to secure some further progress towards the abolition of a system which is degrading alike to the owner and the slave.\n\n1023 \n## Slavery.\n\n1024 \nof Sierra Leone, The Gambia, Somaliland, Nyasaland, Uganda, the Gold Coast, Ashanti, the Northern Territories and Northern Rhodesia, a notification to that effect has been sent to the League. This was the course urged by Sir John Kirk, our plenipotentiary at the Brussels Conference in 1890 and the greatest authority we have had on the question of slavery. He pointed out that it was by this means that slavery was gradually abolished in India by the decree of 1843, without the dislocation of society, without compensation to the owners, and without the hardship and suffering which would have been involved by sudden emancipation. We have learnt, moreover, that there are forms of servitude even worse than the status of the slave, because they lack the protection which, alike in ancient times and in modern Moslem States, is afforded to the slave by the obligations imposed on an owner, in those States in which slavery is still recognised as a legal institution by the State.\n\n[22 JULY 1931]\n\nLORD LUGARD: My Lords, it has become a tradition that the question of slavery should be discussed in one or other of the British Houses of Parliament, and it is entirely, as the most rev. Prelate has said, in accordance with tradition that the discussion this evening should have been inaugurated by one who bears a name so honoured in the annals of the suppression of slavery as the noble Earl, Lord Buxton. There can, I think, be no doubt of the value of these discussions in maintaining public interest on behalf of a class who cannot speak for themselves, and also in educating and informing public opinion on the subject. They afford proof that in spite of all its many other pre-occupations at the present time this country has not ceased to champion the cause of liberty. In these days there are very few countries in which slaves still exist as an integral part of the body politic. We all know that slave dealing and slave trading are regarded as criminal offences throughout the British Empire, but it is also true that in certain of the British Dependencies there still happily exists a system of permissive slavery. I say happily exists because we have learnt that the forcible emancipation which compels a master to turn adrift his house-born slaves, whether they are aged or sick or unable to provide for themselves, is an act of cruelty, forbidden by Moslem law, which would drive men into crime and women into prostitution.\n\nWe have learnt that the essential thing is to abolish the legal status of slavery, and to make it known to every slave that he or she can assert his or her freedom without having to appeal to the Courts of Law or to go through any other formality, such as to prove that they have otherwise employment. They can assert their freedom without formality and without deterrent. The point is that the owner has not committed a crime against the law if he allows his house-born slaves to remain, at their own wish, in his household. In practice the relation becomes that of master and servant. It is only a transitory stage, for all children born in the house are born free. Lest there should be any doubt on this question, within the last two or three years the legal status of slavery has been formally abolished by special Ordinances in the British Dependencies.\n\nIt is to these forms of servitude that I would confine the few remarks which I intend to make; the more so that the noble Earl in moving this Resolution has dealt very largely with the subject of slave dealing and slave trading. I would merely wish to emphasise my view that the three most important aspects of slave dealing and slave trading are, as he said, the sale of women and children in China, the smuggling of slaves across the Red Sea to the Arabian coast from Abyssinia - in that connection we have been reminded that Abyssinia is a land-locked country without access to the sea, and that the slaves must therefore be shipped across the Red Sea from a port under European control - and thirdly, the sale of children and of persons taken to Mecca under the guise of pilgrims: not merely slaves who are smuggled to Mecca, but people who have gone as servants to pilgrims and there been sold by their masters.\n\nThe Western nations - Europe and America - cannot escape the responsibility which their civilisation and their supremacy over the coloured races have imposed upon them. I do not allude to conditions in Russia because your Lordships have recently passed a Bill on this subject introduced by my noble friend Lord Phillimore. I refer only to...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-532-3 Mui Tsai system 4-12-1930 - 9-11-1931.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 529268, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-532-7 Anti-piracy guards- China Navigation Company v. H.M. Attorney General 19-1-1931 - 20-4-1932", "page_number": 52, "title": "CO129-532-7 Anti-piracy guards- China Navigation Company v. H.M. Attorney General 19-1-1931 - 20-4-1932", "content_text": "T. & M. 14708.\n\nSI \n3 \n\n6th February, 1931.\n\nSir,\n\nI have to acknowledge receipt of Mr. Ellis' letter numbered `82764/1931` and dated the 5th February. I shall be glad if the following documents can be forwarded to this Department :-\n\n1. Hong Kong Ordinance No. 1 of 1868 loose printed copy.\n2. Hong Kong Ordinance No. 7 of 1900 loose typed copy.\n3. Hong Kong Ordinance No. 8 of 1913 loose printed copy.\n4. Regulations made by the Governor in Council under Section 7 of the Suppression of Piracy Ordinance 1868 on the 25th November 1930 loose typed copy.\n5. Notes of a conference relating to piracy in China held at the Colonial Office on the 10th July 1924 - original typed copy: If a copy is available of the covering letter with which this document was enclosed when it was sent to Messrs. Swire & Sons or some other shipping company or association, I shall be glad to have that also.\n6. Note of a Piracy Committee held at Hong Kong with the Crown Solicitor on the 5th December 1924 typed copy.\n7. The bound volume containing the Report of the Sui An Piracy Commission.\n8. The Proclamation of the 25th November 1926 loose typed copy and if a loose copy of the Proclamation dated 2nd December 1926 which revoked that of the 25th November 1926 is available.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-532-7 Anti-piracy guards- China Navigation Company v. H.M. Attorney General 19-1-1931 - 20-4-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 531895, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932", "page_number": 19, "title": "CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932", "content_text": "24\n\nREPLIES OF THE GOVERNMENTS\n\n18\n\nA new Bill which is already before the Legislature only constitutes a new drafting of the rules in force and some amendments included in it do not come into the question here.\n\nThe provisions of the above-mentioned Decree relate to certificates of masters, navigating officers, chief engineers and engineer officers. A distinction, however, is drawn between certificates for engagement in distant trade and those for short distance trade. Coastal trading and fishing are governed by special rules which allow persons holding lower-grade certificates to become masters.\n\non\n\nIn accordance with the suggestions of the Thirteenth Session of the International Labour Conference the question of the minimum requirement of professional capacity in the case of masters and officers in the mercantile marine, the Polish Government communicates the following views in reply to the Questionnaire prepared by the said Conference:\n\n1. The Draft Convention should require certificates of professional capacity for persons engaged as:\n\n(a) masters,\n\n(b) navigating officers,\n\n(c) chief engineers,\n\n(d) engineer officers in charge of a watch.\n\nRUMANIA\n\n1. In the opinion of the Rumanian Government, the International Labour Conference should adopt a Draft Convention specifying that national laws or regulations are to require certificates of professional capacity for employment as master, officer or engineer.\n\nSOUTH AFRICA\n\nThe South African Government has communicated the following general statement with reference to all the four maritime Questionnaires:\n\nAs the conditions of employment on the tugs, dredgers and other harbour craft under the control of the Railways and Harbours Administration in the Union are governed by staff regulations framed under statutory authority, it is not possible in their case to consider the feasibility of introducing any divergent measures.\n\n19\n\nQUESTION 1\n\nThe South African owned shipping which might properly come within the scope of the enquiries of the International Labour Office is at present represented by two foreign-going cargo steamers owned by the Railway and Harbours Administration and a number of locally registered coasters, whalers and fishing vessels. In so far as these vessels are concerned, owing to the paucity of Union owned shipping and the consequent small number of seamen affected, it is considered that the time has not yet arrived for the Union Government to undertake the responsibility of associating itself with international action such as that contemplated in the Questionnaires. In regard to the protection of seamen, in cases of sickness and injury on duty, it may be stated that the proposed Merchant Shipping Bill contemplates elaborate provision,\n\nThe determination of the professional qualification of shipmasters and navigating and engineer officers in Union ports is provided for in the Merchant Shipping (Certificates of Competency) Act, 1925.\n\nSPAIN\n\nAs\n\n1. It is considered indispensable that a Draft Convention should be adopted specifying that national laws or regulations are to require certificates of professional capacity for employment as master, navigating officer and engineer officer. was pointed out during the preliminary examination by the Conference of the points to be included in the Questionnaire, experience shows that a vessel, however well built, equipped, navigated and staffed, can be exposed to serious dangers from the fact that the staff of another vessel does not possess sufficient professional capacity.\n\nThe importance of the problem and the necessity of adopting a solution which would have legal efficacy and value corresponding to those of a Draft Convention lead to the conclusion that this form of decision is the more suitable.\n\nSWEDEN\n\n1. It might perhaps be questioned whether this subject is within the competence of the International Labour Conference. However, practical reasons can be invoked and it would therefore not seem desirable to oppose international regulation by the body in question of the matter in issue here. So far as masters and officers in the Swedish mercantile marine are concerned, there are already in existence provisions giving all guarantees as to their professional capacity.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 531913, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932", "page_number": 37, "title": "CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932", "content_text": "JJ \n\nREPLIES OF THE GOVERNMENTS \n\nAppendix to Chapter 1.* \n\nCANADA \n\n52 \n\n53 \n\nThe Government of Canada is in favour of the adoption of a Convention concerning the establishment of such national systems of minimum requirements. \n\n1. \n\nNEW ZEALAND \n\nYes; as a matter of fact these requirements are provided for in the Shipping and Seamen Act, 1908. \n\n2. \n\nMaster or Skipper: Yes; the Shipping and Seamen Act, 1908, defines a Master as any person (except a Pilot) having command or charge of any ship. \n\nNavigating Officer in charge of a watch: Yes; the manning scale in Section 21 of the Act requires the employment of certain certificated officers for navigation and watch-keeping purposes. \n\nChief Engineer: Yes. \n\nEngineer Officer in charge of a watch: Yes; the manning scale in Section 21 of the Act requires the employment of certain certificated engineers. \n\n3. Yes; as a matter of fact the Shipping and Seamen Act provides for certain exemptions in the case of small-type vessels. \n\n4. Yes; the rules for the examination of Masters, Mates and Engineers in New Zealand provide for this. \n\n5. \n\nYes. \n\n(a) Section 21 of the Act provides for this in New Zealand. (b) Section 32 of the Act provides for this in New Zealand. \n\n6. Yes; authority to detain a vessel in such circumstances is given in Section 226 of the Shipping and Seamen Act, 1908, and in Section 3 of the Shipping and Seamen Amendment Act, 1909. \n\n* See footnote, ante, p. 9. \n\n7 \n\nPORTUGAL \n\nAPPENDIX \n\n1. It does not appear indispensable that the International Labour Conference should adopt a Draft Convention stipulating that national laws or regulations are to require certificates of professional capacity for the employment of certain classes of persons on board ship, seeing that an obligation to this effect is already implied in Article 48 of the International Convention for the safety of life at sea, which Article is as follows: \n\n“The contracting Governments undertake, each for its national ships, to maintain, or, if it is necessary, to adopt, measures for the purpose of ensuring that, from the point of view of safety of life at sea, all ships shall be sufficiently and efficiently manned.” \n\nHowever, if the Conference decides to adopt a Draft Convention, Portugal would agree that national laws or regulations should require certificates of professional capacity for employment as: \n\n(a) Master or skipper; \n\n(b) Navigating officer in charge of a watch; \n\n(c) Chief engineer; \n\n(d) Engineer officer in charge of a watch. \n\n2. \n\n3. \n\nThe reply is in the affirmative. \n\nThe reply is in the affirmative; but all fishing vessels should be excepted, as they do not carry persons belonging to the mercantile marine. \n\n4. The reply is in the affirmative. \n\n5. \n\n6. \n\nThe reply is in the negative. \n\nThe reply is in the affirmative. In conformity with the reply given to Question 1, the Portuguese Government considers that the points referred to in Questions 4 to 6 should, at the most, be dealt with in Recommendations. The measures contemplated in Question 5, in particular, are not required in countries where there exists a service for supervising conditions of safety and where the public authority for regulating registration and authorising the carrying of passengers makes its approval depend on the material condition of the vessel and on the number and qualifications of the staff responsible for navigating the vessel or running its propelling machinery. \n\n59", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 531916, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932", "page_number": 40, "title": "CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932", "content_text": "63\n\nGENERAL SURVEY\n\n58\n\n59\n\nquestion of safety of life at sea and to have been solved by Article 48 of the London Convention and has therefore had some doubts as to how far the Conference should deal with it, it will not oppose the adoption of a Draft Convention by the Conference.\n\nThe Swedish Government indicates that, though it might perhaps be questioned whether the subject on the Agenda is within the competence of the International Labour Conference, practical reasons can be invoked for having it dealt with by the Conference, and it is not therefore desirable to oppose this course being taken.\n\n(c) One Government (Great Britain) considers that it would be impracticable to lay down, for international application, detailed rules on the subject of the minimum age of watch-keeping officers, professional experience and the passing of public examinations, and in these circumstances doubts whether the question on the Agenda is one on which international agreement can best be expressed by means of a Draft Convention. In its view, however, agreement might well be reached, in the form of a Recommendation, or, if such was the general desire of the Conference, of a Draft Convention, on the principle that each Government should establish a national system providing for compulsory minimum requirements of professional capacity on the part of the classes of persons covered by the item on the Agenda, with such exceptions as national conditions require; but, as it does not consider it desirable that any Recommendation or Draft Convention which is adopted should specify the application of any detailed rules, it has not returned replies to the specific points put in the Questionnaire1.\n\n(d) Lastly, one Government (South Africa) has not given any special reply to the Questionnaire but has simply made a short general statement with reference to all the four maritime Questionnaires. This statement, while mentioning the Merchant Shipping (Certificates of Competency) Act 1925 which regulates the subject-matter of this Report in that country, is to the effect that, in view of the particular conditions in the Union indicated in the statement, it is considered that the time has not yet arrived for the Union Government to undertake the responsibility of associating itself with international action such as is contemplated in the different Questionnaires1.\n\n2. Such, then, is the position of the replies on the first and fundamental question put to the Governments. What conclusions can be drawn from them?\n\n(a) In the first place, the overwhelming majority of the Governments do not question in any way the competence of the Conference for dealing with the problem on its Agenda. If one or two Governments have had doubts on this preliminary point, they have nevertheless not only made it clear beyond misunderstanding that they do not oppose endeavours being made by the Conference to arrive at an international solution of the problem, but have also signified, by their replies to the Questionnaire as a whole, their readiness to co-operate in working out such a solution. In these circumstances it would be superfluous to embark here on any examination of the merits of the point in question, or to refer to the short discussion raised on it at the Thirteenth Session of the Conference. It is simply desired to note that, so far as the Governments whose replies are given in this report are concerned, the question of the competence of the Conference as a matter of practical politics at any rate is concluded.\n\n(b) Secondly, it would be equally superfluous to enter here into any discussion of the question whether the problem on the Agenda of the Conference has already been sufficiently dealt with by Article 48 of the London Convention, so as to make it unnecessary for the Conference to endeavour to find a more specific solution for it.\n\n1 See footnote, page 59.\n\nQUESTION 1\n\nhas not yet arrived for the Union Government to under-take the responsibility of associating itself with international action such as is contemplated in the different Questionnaires1.\n\n2. Such, then, is the position of the replies on the first and fundamental question put to the Governments. What conclusions can be drawn from them?\n\n(a) In the first place, the overwhelming majority of the Governments do not question in any way the competence of the Conference for dealing with the problem on its Agenda. If one or two Governments have had doubts on this preliminary point, they have never-theless not only made it clear beyond misunderstanding that they do not oppose endeavours being made by the Conference to arrive at an international solution of the problem, but have also signified, by their replies to the Questionnaire as a whole, their readiness to co-operate in working out such a solution. In these circumstances it would be superfluous to embark here on any examination of the merits of the point in question, or to refer to the short discussion raised on it at the Thirteenth Session of the Conference. It is simply desired to note that, so far as the Governments whose replies are given in this report are concerned, the question of the competence of the Conference as a matter of practical politics at any rate is concluded.\n\n(b) Secondly, it would be equally superfluous to enter here into any discussion of the question whether the problem on the Agenda of the Conference has already been sufficiently dealt with by Article 48 of the London Convention, so as to make it unnecessary for the Conference to endeavour to find a more specific solution for it.\n\n1 Except that the statement of the British Government contains further observations on the question of exceptions, which observations are considered under Question 3, post, p. 68, this statement as well as that of the South African Government are not further referred to in the following sections of this chapter, as they do not contain specific replies to the subsequent points in the Questionnaire. Any general references to the replies of the Governments in the following sections of this chapter should accordingly be read subject to the statements of these two Governments.\n\n64\n\nPage 40\nPage 41", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 531922, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932", "page_number": 46, "title": "CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932", "content_text": "73\n\nGENERAL SURVEY\n\n68\n\n69\n\nduring the voyage the duties of a certificated person have to be taken over for the time being by a person not possessing the requisite certificate.\n\nThe French Government thus instances the case (provided for in French regulations) where, when in a particular port there are not available certificated engineers for performing the duties of engineer officer on watch, a seaman who is not in possession of one of the certificates for engineer officer may be engaged. Such seaman, however, must previously pass an examination before the shipping inspector to show that he possesses as far as possible the practical knowledge required. Exceptions of this kind, the Government adds, are essentially of a temporary character and are limited to a voyage already begun by a specified vessel or to a very restricted period.\n\nIt would appear that the Draft Convention should expressly provide for the possibility of exceptions in cases of the kind referred to above. It seems clear, however, that there can hardly be any question of giving any enumeration of the cases which might be taken into account or of endeavouring to define them closely. In effect the cases contemplated can perhaps be reduced to what in the conditions in which shipping is carried on would amount to circumstances of force majeure and would generally be confined to circumstances arising after the voyage had been begun. It is accordingly proposed to include in the Draft Convention a clause allowing exceptions to the rules mentioned above only in cases of force majeure.\n\nIII.\n\nScope of the Draft Convention and minor exceptions as regards vessels (Question 3).\n\nThe question here was whether the Draft Convention should leave it open to national laws or regulations to provide for minor exceptions as regards vessels to the rule that the performance of certain duties in controlling the movements of a vessel should be entrusted only to certificated persons, on such grounds for example as the type of vessel and tonnage, and, if so, what proposals the Governments had to make. The expression \"minor exceptions\", it may be recalled, was purposely used by\n\nQUESTION 3\n\nthe Committee of the Thirteenth Session of the Conference with a view to endeavouring to keep the range of exceptions within as narrow limits as possible.\n\n1. Before considering in detail the replies of the Governments on this question as such, there are two preliminary points to be dealt with affecting the general definition of the scope of the proposed Draft Convention.\n\n(a) In the first place, it has to be remembered that the wording of the item on the Agenda refers to \"merchant ships\". Hence references in a number of replies to the necessity of excluding from the Draft Convention vessels which would not appear to be covered by these words: e.g. vessels not engaged in trade or employed for profit (Belgium, Estonia, Finland); ships of war (Germany); Government vessels not engaged in trade (Denmark, Germany, Irish Free State), and vessels of a public including lighthouse authority which are not engaged in trade (Irish Free State); and pleasure yachts (Germany, Irish Free State, Rumania, Yugoslavia). It may be assumed that it would be agreed by the Governments generally that these classes of vessels should be excluded from the Draft Convention, and it would appear that the following formula might be used for the purpose \"ships of war; Government vessels or vessels in the service of a public authority which are not engaged in trade; pleasure yachts\".\n\n(b) Secondly, the question is expressly raised in one or two replies whether the Draft Convention should be limited to vessels engaged in maritime navigation. Thus Belgium considers that the draft should apply only to vessels intended to be ordinarily employed at sea or in maritime waters, while Finland proposes to exclude vessels exclusively engaged in inland navigation, and Japan1 vessels not engaged in maritime navigation. The other Governments which have replied to the Questionnaire do not refer to inland navigation, but would appear to have had only maritime navigation in mind. In these circumstances it would appear for the present at any rate that the scope of the draft to be submitted\n\nSee also post, p. 78.\n\n74", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 531926, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932", "page_number": 50, "title": "CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932", "content_text": "81\n\nGENERAL SURVEY\n\n77\n\n76\n\nquestion whether the Draft Convention at present under consideration is not to be completely distinguished in its objects from previous Draft Conventions which have excluded the fishing industry, e.g. the Draft Conventions concerning respectively seamen's articles of agreement and the repatriation of seamen, and whether the special conditions of this industry which made it expedient to leave it entirely out of account for the particular purposes of those Conventions could be considered to be of a nature to justify similar treatment of it for the wholly different purposes of the present Draft Convention. It is hardly necessary, however, to go into the merits of this question, or to refer to the modern developments of the fishing industry or to the extent to which fishing vessels, often of comparatively big tonnage, traverse the routes followed by large ships. The fact is that in the two countries in question the principle of certificates of professional competency is already recognised and applied to certain classes of fishing vessels. In Great Britain vessels engaged in certain fisheries are treated on the same footing as foreign-going vessels for the purposes, inter alia, of certificates of professional competency, and the regulations in force in Germany on this subject also apply to vessels engaged in sea fishing, subject to defined exceptions. Moreover, it has to be remembered that the Committee of the Thirteenth Session of the Conference expressly decided to include the fishing industry within the range of the Questionnaire, and that most of the other Governments make no distinction at all between fishing vessels and other vessels for the purposes of the Draft Convention, while nearly all the special exceptions proposed for fishing in a few replies relate, as has already been noted (ante, (ii) p. 71),\n\n1 Section 744 of the Merchant Shipping Act of 1894, as amended by Section 83 of the Act of 1906, provides that: \"ships engaged in the whale, seal, walrus, or Newfoundland cod fisheries shall be deemed to be foreign-going ships for the purpose of this Act, and not fishing boats, with the exception of ships engaged in the Newfoundland cod fisheries which belong to ports in Canada or Newfoundland and of ships engaged in the whale fisheries off the coast of Scotland and registered at ports in Scotland.\"\n\n2 See Grey Report submitted to the Thirteenth Session of the Conference, at page 38.\n\n\"\n\nQUESTION 3\n\nto vessels of very low or comparatively low tonnage. In all these circumstances it would appear that there can hardly be any question at the present stage of providing in the draft to be submitted to the Conference for the possibility of exceptions for the whole fishing industry as such, but that in accordance with the general tendency of the replies any exceptions allowed for fishing vessels should be of the same \"minor\" character as those contemplated in the majority of the replies for other vessels.\n\n(iii) Minor exceptions. Once the principle that exceptions should not be allowed on the sole ground of the nature of the trade or industry engaged in is established, it would appear that the observations and proposals of the Governments summarised in the preceding pages might well be reduced to a pure question of tonnage. A number of Governments, indeed, make this the sole criterion e.g. Australia, Belgium, Denmark. If France and Finland have referred respectively to vessels not carrying a crew of more than five or vessels manned exclusively by members of the shipowner's or master's family, clearly these criteria could be equally well expressed in terms of tonnage. Similarly, the distinctions made in a few replies in respect of fishing vessels (e.g. coastal vessels, certain trawlers and mechanically propelled line boats and drifters) or sailing vessels nearly all imply or refer to a small tonnage. Lastly, only four Governments (France, Germany, India1, Japan2) have thought it necessary to take horse power specially into account with reference to engineer officers, and in two of these cases at least (France, Japan2) the horse power mentioned (10 and 70 respectively) would only exclude comparatively small vessels.\n\nFrom the standpoint of the objects of the Draft Convention, it seems clear that in any case tonnage is the primary factor to be taken into consideration, as the majority of the replies expressly or implicitly recognise. It would appear, moreover, in the light of the replies as a whole, that for the purposes of an international Convention it would be at once simpler and more satisfactory\n\n1 See also post, p. 78.\n\n2 See also post, p. 78.\n\n82\n\nPage 50\n\nPage 51", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-536-10 Need for leglisation concerning number of certificated officers carried on passenger ships 18-11-1931 - 15-6-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 534731, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-540-5 Water supply- Shing Mun Valley Waterworks scheme 11-5-1932 - 7-12-1932", "page_number": 126, "title": "CO129-540-5 Water supply- Shing Mun Valley Waterworks scheme 11-5-1932 - 7-12-1932", "content_text": "HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL.\n\n5. In each case the father is penalised for something he is not responsible for and naturally he objects.\n\n6. This amending Ordinance amends section 11 of the principal Ordinance by reducing the certificate fee to one dollar and by abolishing the entry fee where the former is issued or where the latter is made within forty-two days of the birth of the child.\n\nEMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG PERSONS AND CHILDREN AT SEA ORDINANCE, 1932.\n\nTHE ATTORNEY GENERAL moved the first reading of a Bill intituled \"An Ordinance to regulate the employment of Young Persons and Children at Sea.\" He said: This Bill, as explained in the memorandum, carries out an International Convention.\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY seconded, and the Bill was read a first time.\n\nObjects and Reasons.\n\nThe \"Objects and Reasons\" for the Bill were stated as follows:\n\n1. On the 9th July, 1920, a general conference of the International Labour Organization of the League of Nations adopted a Convention fixing fourteen years as the minimum age for admission of children to employment at sea, except in school ships and training ships and in vessels upon which only members of the same family are employed, and requiring shipmasters to keep a register of all persons under sixteen years of age.\n\n2. Under Article 421 of the Treaty of Versailles it is necessary to apply the Convention to the Colony subject to such modifications as may be necessary to adapt the Convention to local conditions.\n\n3. Section 2 gives effect to Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention, with a proviso relating to native vessels similar to one enacted or contemplated in East African Dependencies.\n\n4. Section 3 gives effect to Article 4 of the Convention.\n\n5. Section 4 adopts the definition of \"vessel\" given in Article 1 of the Convention.\n\n6. Section 5 provides the penalties and section 6 is the suspending clause usual in the case of an Ordinance relating to Merchant Shipping.\n\nPage 44\n\n...\n\nPage 133", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-540-5 Water supply- Shing Mun Valley Waterworks scheme 11-5-1932 - 7-12-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 534861, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-540-7 Dredging of Hong Kong Harbour 26-4-1932 - 1-10-1932", "page_number": 64, "title": "CO129-540-7 Dredging of Hong Kong Harbour 26-4-1932 - 1-10-1932", "content_text": "63\n\n7. Proposed Dry-Dock at Suva, Fiji Islands.\n\nThe Chairman read a letter which had been received from the head Office in New Zealand of the Union Steamship Company, in response to the Committee's inquiry regarding the construction of the proposed dry-dock at Suva (see paragraph 9 of minutes of 168th Meeting). The views of this company were in agreement with those already received from the other steamship companies consulted, and the Committee agreed that the Colonial Office should be advised that the Committee were unable to recommend that the construction of the dry-dock in question should be undertaken.\n\n8. Supply of Electricity to ships in Fort (vide paragraph 10 of Minutes of 168th meeting).\n\nThe Chairman reported that he had had discussions with Mr. Cleminson of the Chamber of Shipping, and also with Sir Archibald Page of the Central Electricity Board, on this subject, and it had been agreed that Mr. Hobson (one of the experts of the Board) and Mr. Cleminson should informally consult together with a view to preparing a first draft of the requirements of the Shipowners. Mr. Cleminson had undertaken to consult the Chairman informally when these proposals were ready in order to ascertain whether they were of a kind which the Committee would be likely to take into consideration.\n\n9. Ottawa Conference.\n\nThe Chairman reminded the Committee that it was usual for the Committee to present to each succeeding Imperial Conference a report on progress and work undertaken. The present Conference at Ottawa was, however, of a special character, being in effect a continuation of the last London Conference, and it was understood that it was not likely that shipping questions, as such, would come before the Conference. In view\n\n-4-", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-540-7 Dredging of Hong Kong Harbour 26-4-1932 - 1-10-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 534865, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-540-7 Dredging of Hong Kong Harbour 26-4-1932 - 1-10-1932", "page_number": 68, "title": "CO129-540-7 Dredging of Hong Kong Harbour 26-4-1932 - 1-10-1932", "content_text": "-Secret.\n\nDraft Minutes of the 170th Meeting of the Imperial Shipping Committee held in the Conference Room of the Ministry of Health, Great George Street, S.W.1, on Friday 22nd July, 1932.\n\nPresent:-\n\nThe Rt. Hon. Sir Halford J. Mackinder (In the Chair) Sir F.W. Leith-Ross.\n\nSir Bhupendra N. Mitra.\n\nMr. H.T. Andrews.\n\nMr H. Dodwell.\n\nH. Farrands.\n\nW.L. Hichens.\n\nKenneth Lee.\n\nT. Harrison Hughes.\n\nW. Graham (Secretary).\n\nMr E. MacLeod.\n\nSir Leopold Savile and Capt. J.A. Edgell of the Admiralty, and Capt. F. Entwistle and Mr. F.S. Barton of the Air Ministry also attended the meeting.\n\n67\n\nApologies for absence were received from Sir John Shuckburgh, Lt. Col. F.C. Shelmerdine and the Hon. Alexander Shaw.\n\n1. Minutes.\n\nThe Minutes of the 169th Meeting were approved.\n\n2. Hudson Bay Marine Insurance Rates (vide paragraph 6 of Minutes of 169th Meeting).\n\nThe Chairman read a letter which he had sent to Mr. Ferguson (the High Commissioner for Canada) suggesting that, unless the question were a practical one in the sense that there were several ships for charter during the present season, it would be better not to attempt to modify the agreed requirements at the moment. The letter also explained that the Chairman of the Joint Hull Committee had been advised that the question was likely to be raised later and suggested that he should indicate the kind of information which would be required by his Committee, assuming they accepted the principle.\n\n-1-", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-540-7 Dredging of Hong Kong Harbour 26-4-1932 - 1-10-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548200, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935", "page_number": 18, "title": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935", "content_text": "18\n\ngrilled area.\n\n3. Armed Guards.\n\nMr. Gent quoted the opinion of a former Chief Inspector of Police at Hong Kong to the effect that the important consideration was not the nationality of the guards, as Butterfield and Swire contended, but their training and discipline: the Conference agreed with this view. It appeared that while the guards (Indians and White Russians) trained by the Hong Kong police were efficient, the same could not be said of those provided from other sources, e.g. Shanghai, and some consideration was given to the possibility of persuading the Shipping Companies to set up a pool of guards, suitably trained by some local authority, either at Shanghai or elsewhere, or, alternatively, to increase the number at Hong Kong and draw all the guards from that source. Further discussion revealed, however, that any such scheme was not without its difficulties and would probably not be readily acceptable to the Companies; there seemed reason to hope, on the other hand, that indirectly they might be induced to effect improvements if a system of ships' certificates as to the degree of protection against piracy was introduced. (See next paragraph).\n\n4. Grant of Ships' Certificates as to the degree of anti-piracy protection afforded.\n\nIt was agreed that a system of granting certificates to ships which were adequately protected against piracy, if suitably represented to the companies, might well meet with their approval and would probably, through force of competition, result in a widespread improvement in the protective measures taken. Mr. Graham was strongly of the opinion, and the conference agreed, that such a system should be supplementary to, and not take", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548207, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935", "page_number": 25, "title": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935", "content_text": "25\n\nof the certificate should be conditional upon;\n\n(a) the fitting of adequate grilles;\n\n(b) the provision of efficient guards;\n\n(c) the provision of an efficient wireless telegraph apparatus of adequate power and a fully qualified operator, who should be employed full time on this duty.\n\nWhile the scheme was intended primarily for British vessels, it was thought that ships in non-British ownership might also be eligible to apply for these certificates if owners so desired. It was true that such a system should be supplementary to, and not take the place of, the ordinary Board of Trade certificates and should be on a voluntary basis. Inspection would of course be obligatory before a certificate was issued. And the cost of the scheme would have to be borne, in some way or other, by the companies.\n\n3.\n\nThe conference agreed that a system as that outlined above, if suitably represented to the British shipping companies concerned, might well meet with their approval and would probably, through force of competition, result in a widespread improvement in the protective measures taken. Before approaching the companies, however, and in view of the possible existence of difficulties which could only be appreciated locally (such as, for example, the lack of adequate surveying staff at Shanghai, and the possible need for legislative action in order, for instance, to prevent the misuse of certificates) it was considered desirable that the British authorities in China and Hong Kong should be consulted first and that, in the light of their views as subsequently furnished, the scheme still appeared practicable, the shipping companies should then be sounded, preferably through their representatives.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548219, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935", "page_number": 37, "title": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935", "content_text": "37\n\nshould be on a voluntary basis.\n\nInspection\n\nwould of course be obligatory before a\n\ncertificate was granted and the cost of the\n\nscheme would have to be borne, in some way\n\nor other, by the companies.\n\n3.\n\nThe conference agreed that such\n\nsystem as that outlined above, if suitably\n\nrepresented to the British shipping companies\n\nconcerned, might well meet with their approval\n\nand would probably, through force of competition,\n\nresult in a widespread improvement in the\n\nprotective measures taken. Before approaching\n\nthe companies, however, and in view of the\n\npossible existence of difficulties which could\n\nonly be appreciated locally (such as, for\n\nexample, the lack of adequate surveying staff\n\nat Shanghai, and the possible need for legisla-\n\ntive sanctions in order, for instance, to\n\nprevent the misuse of certificates) it was\n\nconsidered desirable that the British\n\nauthorities in China and Hong Kong should be\n\nconsulted", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548235, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935", "page_number": 53, "title": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935", "content_text": "53\n\ntheir training and discipline: the Conference agreed with this view. It appeared that while the guards (Indians and White Russians) trained by the Hong Kong police were efficient, the same could not be said of those provided from other sources, e.g. Shanghai, and some consideration was given to the possibility of persuading the Shipping Companies to set up a pool of guards, suitably trained by some local authority, either at Shanghai or elsewhere, or, alternatively, to increase the number at Hong Kong and draw all the guards from that source. Further discussion revealed, however, that any such scheme was not without its difficulties and would probably not be readily acceptable to the Companies; there seemed reason to hope, on the other hand, that indirectly they might be induced to effect improvements if a system of ships' certificates as to the degree of protection against piracy was introduced. (See next paragraph).\n\n4. Grant of Ships' Certificates as to the degree of anti-piracy protection afforded.\n\nIt was agreed that a system of granting certificates to ships which were adequately protected against piracy, if suitably represented to the companies, might well meet with their approval and would probably, through force of competition, result in a widespread improvement in the protective measures taken. Mr. Graham was strongly of the opinion, and the conference agreed, that such a system should be supplementary to, and not take the place of, the ordinary Board of Trade certificates and should be on a voluntary basis. For a number of reasons, it was thought that only one class of certificate should be issued.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548310, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935", "page_number": 128, "title": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935", "content_text": "Mr. Gent. 14 Caster\n\nTo see pe\n\n\"Yorkshire Post.\n\n128\n\nChinese Pirates\n\nAt last there seems to be some hope that Bias Bay, that notorious haunt of Chinese pirates, will be cleaned up and not allowed to revert to its old bad habits. According to statements from Canton, the Chinese authorities there have undertaken to station two gunboats permanently at Bias Bay and to increase the garrison to one full regiment. A census will be taken of the villagers: their good conduct will be guaranteed by the ten leading families of the district, and large rewards will be offered for all pirates captured. These promising measures are the fruits of a conference between the Canton Government, the British Vice-Consul, and British naval representatives from Hong Kong. The pirates were last heard of in February, when they captured a Japanese vessel, the Kamurii Maru, and at that time the conference was reported to be already in session, so that the whole problem of pirate activities in the Bias Bay region would seem to have been given thorough consideration. It is a very old problem, often tackled before, but hitherto none of the various attempts to subdue the pirates has had lasting results. Bias Bay is Chinese territory, but it is close to the border of the British zone attached to Hong Kong, and British shipping and trade have often suffered from pirate raids. More than once the British Navy has taken part in operations against Bias Bay, but these have always required the permission of the Chinese authorities, and one main difficulty has been that the Chinese authorities have never been able or willing to support our own naval efforts with a permanent policy of effective police control. The pirates have been driven out and their headquarters burnt, but later they have always sooner or later returned.\n\nOften, no doubt, the Chinese authorities have been handicapped by their own internal troubles, and China is still a long way from achieving a settled and unified Administration, capable of ensuring peace and order throughout her vast territories. But the Canton Government appear at the moment to be firmly in the saddle and on terms of guarded friendship with Chiang Kai-shek's Central Government at Nanking. The autonomy of Canton is not officially recognised, but the authorities there are virtually independent, and for some time British policy has been directed towards separate relationships with Nanking in the North and Canton in the South. There seems, therefore, to be no reason why Canton should not be able to carry through its new policy for dealing with the pirates and its proposed measures sound as though they were sensibly framed. Troops and gunboats sent previously against the pirates have usually been recalled for other duties after a certain period, and the success of the new policy will depend largely on whether the force now going to Bias Bay is allowed to stay there and assured of proper support from Canton. Possibly, however, the proposed supervision of the local inhabitants will be even more important, for in the past they have given the pirates constant aid, and a good many of them have indeed earned a living chiefly from the pickings of this profitable alliance. If the local inhabitants can be induced, by a mixture of police control and the promise of rewards, to transfer their allegiance to the Canton Government, the pirates should at least be compelled to move their headquarters somewhere else and a site equally attractive will not be easy to find.\n\nBias Bay, apart from its local tradition of active sympathy with piracy, has various geographical advantages. The neighbourhood of Hong Kong means that plenty of shipping passes within convenient reach, and it also helps the pirates to get from their spies early information of the sailing of a particularly tempting vessel. At the same time, Bias Bay is not easily accessible, for its inner harbour is a treacherous landing place for craft of any size. Certainly, we cannot expect that the loss of this stronghold would put the pirates of the China Seas entirely out of business: and yesterday's news of the attack by Yangtse raiders on a ship in which the aged Mrs. Lawrence, mother of the late T. E. Lawrence, was travelling with one of her other sons down the river to Shanghai, is a reminder that the pacification of any given district in China is only part of a huge task which has defeated successive Chinese Governments for many years. We shall not hear the last of piracy until China has a Government—or a Federal system of Governments—able to take swift and unified action against disorder wherever it may appear: but the cleaning up of Bias Bay would be a very useful step in the right direction, and a step particularly welcome to this country in view of the importance of safe sea routes in that area to British interests at Hong Kong.\n\n21th May 1935.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548956, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-554-5 Commission of Enquiry into the Hong Kong trade depression- correspondence and report 27-3-1935 - 11-8-1935", "page_number": 31, "title": "CO129-554-5 Commission of Enquiry into the Hong Kong trade depression- correspondence and report 27-3-1935 - 11-8-1935", "content_text": "The term world markets is used advisedly as there are likely to be local markets of a limited nature in the neighbourhood of most Colonies which can most suitably and economically be met by local production as a natural expression of the economic life of the community.\n\n9. Now while the above truly applies to the British Empire as a whole and while the portion relating to Colonies is indeed consonant with the conditions obtaining in practically all the Colonies of the Empire, it does not in particular apply to Hong Kong. It is not Hong Kong's main function to export produce, and with 25% of the working population engaged in industry its manufactures cannot be said to be negligible. For the rest, Hong Kong has practically no raw materials or agricultural production for export, and its main activities are devoted to importing and exporting goods originating from outside its borders; and the shipping, financial, professional, and technical services relating to that commerce. Hong Kong’s position in the British Empire may therefore be regarded as unique. Inasmuch as it is unique we are unanimously of the opinion that in all matters of Imperial Policy the Colony should be given careful individual consideration. Inasmuch as it is by necessity, and for the general welfare of the trade of the Empire passing through its portals, a Free Trade entrepot, and can therefore afford but little Empire Preference, we consider that the rest of the Empire should whenever at all possible accord it such treatment as will enable it to prosper and continue to afford its splendid facilities at the cheapest possible rate.\n\n10. That there is a tendency not to accord Hong Kong such treatment has been brought before us in evidence relating to specific industries. There has for instance recently been a strong endeavour on the part of certain portions of the Empire for the imposition of restrictions on the Empire marketing of rubber shoes, the Empire content of which is high and could be higher if so desired. We have heard that rope manufactured in the Colony by a Company which commenced operation in the last century has been virtually excluded from one Empire market, fundamentally because it can sell its goods at a cheaper (but profit-bearing) cost than that of goods emanating from other parts of the Empire. It is not gainsaid that good reasons may be produced to justify such action but when we take it that the broad line of policy is Imperial co-operation we feel that in respect of her services to Empire Trade and the small measure of preference she is able to afford to other parts of the Empire, some latitude should be allowed Hong Kong, especially during this time of great depression. It is plain to us that, if the reasonable prosperity of the Colony cannot be maintained, the burden of taxation must become heavier, with a resultant increase in the charges on the trade of the port. We believe that the Empire will gain more by the maintenance of Hong Kong as one of the cheapest ports in the world than by adopting a policy calculated to suppress a reasonable development of her small industries.\n\n11. At the Imperial Economic Conference at Ottawa in 1932 were present delegates representing Canada, The United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, The Irish Free State, India, The Union of South Africa, Newfoundland and Southern Rhodesia. In the United Kingdom delegation was included the Secretary of State for the Colonies and a Colonial Officer Adviser.\n\n12. In the course of his initial speech at the Conference Mr. Stanley Baldwin said:\n\n\"What then should be the first aim of this Conference? It should be to clear out the channels of trade among ourselves. For that purpose we need not measure too closely or too exactly the relative value of preferences given and received. We all approach the problem with a view to seeing how much each can contribute to the common stock without detriment to our own national interests, we shall not need to concern ourselves with the relative advantages obtained by each, since we shall know that an increase in the purchasing power of any members of the Empire must show itself in the increased Imperial trade, and the prosperity of each will add to the prosperity of all.\"\n\n\"The present universal depression makes the extension and improvement of Imperial trade a matter of urgent importance to all parts of the Empire.\n\nPage 35\n\n \n\nPage 35\n\nPage 35", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-5 Commission of Enquiry into the Hong Kong trade depression- correspondence and report 27-3-1935 - 11-8-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 549021, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-554-5 Commission of Enquiry into the Hong Kong trade depression- correspondence and report 27-3-1935 - 11-8-1935", "page_number": 96, "title": "CO129-554-5 Commission of Enquiry into the Hong Kong trade depression- correspondence and report 27-3-1935 - 11-8-1935", "content_text": "The term \n\nوو \n\n21 \n\nworld markets is used advisedly as there are likely to be local markets of a limited nature in the neighbourhood of most Colonies which can most suitably and economically be met by local production as a natural expression of the economic life of the community.\n\n9. Now while the above truly applies to the British Empire as a whole and while the portion relating to Colonies is indeed consonant with the conditions obtaining in practically all the Colonies of the Empire, it does not in particular apply to Hong Kong. It is not Hong Kong's main function to export produce, and with 25% of the working population engaged in industry its manufactures cannot be said to be negligible. For the rest, Hong Kong has practically no raw materials or agricultural production for export, and its main activities are devoted to importing and exporting goods originating from outside its borders; and the shipping, financial, professional, and technical services relating to that commerce. Hong Kong's position in the British Empire may therefore be regarded as unique. Inasmuch as it is unique we are unanimously of the opinion that in all matters of Imperial Policy the Colony should be given careful individual consideration. Inasmuch as it is by necessity, and for the general welfare of the trade of the Empire passing through its portals, a Free Trade entrepot, and can therefore afford but little Empire Preference, we consider that the rest of the Empire should whenever at all possible accord it such treatment as will enable it to prosper and continue to afford its splendid facilities at the cheapest possible rate.\n\n10. That there is a tendency not to accord Hong Kong such treatment has been brought before us in evidence relating to specific industries. There has for instance recently been a strong endeavour on the part of certain portions of the Empire for the imposition of restrictions on the Empire marketing of rubber shoes, the Empire content of which is high and could be higher if so desired. We have heard that rope manufactured in the Colony by a Company which commenced operation in the last century has been virtually excluded from one Empire market, fundamentally because it can sell its goods at a cheaper (but profit-bearing) cost than that of goods emanating from other parts of the Empire. It is not gainsaid that good reasons may be produced to justify such action but when we take it that the broad line of policy is Imperial co-operation we feel that in respect of her services to Empire Trade and the small measure of preference she is able to afford to other parts of the Empire, some latitude should be allowed Hong Kong, especially during this time of great depression. It is plain to us that, if the reasonable prosperity of the Colony cannot be maintained, the burden of taxation must become heavier, with a resultant increase in the charges on the trade of the port. We believe that the Empire will gain more by the maintenance of Hong Kong as one of the cheapest ports in the world than by adopting a policy calculated to suppress a reasonable development of her small industries.\n\n11. At the Imperial Economic Conference at Ottawa in 1932 were present delegates representing Canada, The United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, The Irish Free State, India, The Union of South Africa, Newfoundland and Southern Rhodesia. In the United Kingdom delegation was included the Secretary of State for the Colonies and a Colonial Officer Adviser.\n\n12. In the course of his initial speech at the Conference Mr. Stanley Baldwin said:\n\n\"What then should be the first aim of this Conference? It should be to clear out the channels of trade among ourselves. For that purpose we need not measure too closely or too exactly the relative value of preferences given and received. If we all approach the problem with a view to seeing how much each can contribute to the common stock without detriment to our own national interests, we shall not need to concern ourselves with the relative advantages obtained by each, since we shall know that an increase in the purchasing power of any members of the Empire must show itself in the increased Imperial trade, and the prosperity of each will add to the prosperity of all\".\n\n\"The present universal depression makes the extension and improvement of Imperial trade a matter of urgent importance to all parts of the Empire. The\n\n112", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-5 Commission of Enquiry into the Hong Kong trade depression- correspondence and report 27-3-1935 - 11-8-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 549217, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-554-7 British Empire and China Trade Fair 14-5-1935 - 23-10-1935", "page_number": 33, "title": "CO129-554-7 British Empire and China Trade Fair 14-5-1935 - 23-10-1935", "content_text": "33\n\nAs far as the business community was concerned, we were asked to address them on the subject of Trade with the west, with special reference to the part that the proposed Trade Fair would fill in trade development.\n\nThis we did, giving as full details as possible on the fair, promising to send all particulars as soon as we were assured that Hong Kong Government approved of our scheme.\n\nWe have also appointed our representative in New Zealand, who on cabled advice from us that our proposal is approved, will at once start to obtain signed contracts from firms we have already interested in the proposed Trade Fair, to take space at it.\n\nWe anticipate booking at least 1,000 sq. ft. In processing the luncheon, we established contact with the Federal Department of Commerce, the State Advisory Committees on Far Eastern Trade, Boards of Primary Producers in the various states, Chambers of Manufactures and of Commerce in Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne, and many private firms.\n\nAs in New Zealand, we were asked to address meetings of those bodies specially convened to hear about and to discuss trade development with the west, with special reference to the Trade Fair. We were also invited to speak over the Air on various aspects of this question, which we did.\n\nAs a result of these meetings, we have been advised that definite recommendations have been forwarded both to the Federal and State Governments that they should take part officially in the proposed Trade Fair, on receiving assurance that the scheme is approved by the Hong Kong Government.\n\nIn Australia also, we have appointed a representative to follow up our work and to obtain contracts for space in the Trade Fair, and to assist exhibitors in every possible way.\n\nWe have also obtained from the Australian Eastern Shipping Conference an expression that all goods intended for exhibition...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-7 British Empire and China Trade Fair 14-5-1935 - 23-10-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 549220, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-554-7 British Empire and China Trade Fair 14-5-1935 - 23-10-1935", "page_number": 36, "title": "CO129-554-7 British Empire and China Trade Fair 14-5-1935 - 23-10-1935", "content_text": "36\n\nIn addition to inviting exhibits from the Empire, we are particularly stressing the importance of personal contacts. With this in view, we have definitely interested people in New Zealand and Australia; in the idea of sending delegations to Hong Kong during the Trade Fair to meet Chinese.\n\nThis would consist of separate delegations of men and women, the latter on the lines of the Pan-Pacific Conference held.\n\nIt is too early at the moment to say whether this will be carried out or not, but we do know that the matter is being keenly discussed.\n\nRegarding the organisation of the Trade Fair, we are working on the following lines:\n\nAbove all is a Trade Council consisting of prominent British and Chinese, and we propose that the Prime Ministers or Ministers of Commerce of the various parts of the Empire which participate, be invited to lead their missions.\n\nNext to this would come the General Advisory Committee on which representatives of those interested in the Trade Fair would be invited to sit. These interests would be shipping, hotels, the public, railway, traffic, finance, etc., etc. It would be of the greatest value if the Government would also nominate a senior officer on this Advisory Committee.\n\nBelow this comes the actual organising and working committees.\n\nThe Advertising and Publicity Bureau, as organisers, will be responsible for getting all necessary work done, and will control the formation of sub-committees to deal with the various details which were outlined above. We are now in hope to bring from London an experienced Trade Fair Secretary who has had considerable previous experience. The duty of this executive will consist of co-ordinating the work of these sub-committees and advising the executives concerned.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-7 British Empire and China Trade Fair 14-5-1935 - 23-10-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 550318, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-556-14 Chinese Seamen's Union- activities 1-7-1936 - 16-2-1937", "page_number": 26, "title": "CO129-556-14 Chinese Seamen's Union- activities 1-7-1936 - 16-2-1937", "content_text": "26\n\n13\n\n750\n\nTHE HONG KONG WEEKLY PRESS & LOCAL SEAMEN\n\nNovember 6, 1936\n\n\"RESTLESS\"\n\nRevelations Of Job Control\n\n\"OUTBREAK WITHIN SIX MONTHS\"\n\n\"SQUEEZE\" SYSTEM CONDEMNED\n\nAccusations against employers regarding their treatment of seamen aboard ships in local waters, which were made by Mr. Chao Pan-fu at the Geneva International Labour Conference contained such startling charges that we instituted investigations in Hong Kong shipping circles to ascertain the true position.\n\nThe results, as our report discloses, are calculated to make every reasonable member of the community feel extremely dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs.\n\nWe were informed by the reporter who carried out this investigation that whilst the majority of executives of shipping companies were very generous in their help, but in at least two instances discourtesy and antagonism in an unusual degree were displayed. We would remind those executives of a sound Scottish saying, \"Guilty folk always lose their tempers.\"\n\nTo those other executives—happily the majority—we express our appreciation, and for obvious reasons, observe strictly their requests that their identities might not be disclosed.—Editor \"H.K.D.P.\"\n\nwhatever rate of interest may be demanded, and therefore, part of his wages have to be set aside to pay the interest.\n\nInformation of a pessimistic nature was obtained on Oct. 28 from a section of the local shipping community, following inquiries which were made regarding a statement by Mr. Chao Pan-fu, the Chinese delegate to the maritime session of the International Labour Conference at Geneva, which was recently published in the Shanghai \"North China Daily News\", revealing a feeling of unrest among local Chinese seamen.\n\nMr. Chao was reported to have said that the Chinese seamen were fighting for equal treatment, but the foreign firms were taking advantage of the low wages and the facility of commercial transportation with China. The result of the strike in 1922 had been an \"honourable victory\" on the seamen's part but it turned out to be the seamen's disappointment for the employers not only failed to keep their promise, but made conditions even more harsh for the sufferers. Their mode of employment is still confined to the illegal contractor-system instead of through the legal channel of the Chinese Seamen's Union in 1927 the Hong Kong branch of the Chinese Seamen's Union. \"It is to be noted,\" he said, \"that the Seamen's Union is a legal organization recognized by all the civilized nations for the protection of the interests of the seamen.\n\nI wonder whether any democratic government in this world would ever prohibit any legal organization of such a sort, and whether the present Labour Conference would stand such unreasonable measures,\" Mr. Chao remarked.\n\nMr. Chao stated that the highest wage of an experienced seaman was only $44 and the lowest only $8, and queried how any seaman could live on such meagre income.\n\n\"DEPLORABLE SITUATION\"\n\nContinuing Mr. Chao said it was obvious that the employers would benefit by this \"deplorable situation\" and they would, of course, employ workers who were subjected to lower standards of treatment in order to facilitate their competition for private gain. And the employers, he argued, in taking advantage of this, could easily cheat their own national workers by denying the fact of unjust treatment and make the Chinese workers the scapegoat for all evils. They can easily condemn the question of unemployment as due to the practice of Chinese seamen taking up the occupations which would otherwise be assigned for their nationals. \"The result is that the Chinese seamen, having suffered from the oppression of their employers and the unfair treatment of the authorities of the concerned countries, have to face the misunderstanding of their own rank and class and the consequent hatred of races,\" he declared.\n\nSeamen are deprived of their choice of ships nor have they any voice in the conditions of the contract of employment.\n\nGUARANTEES DEMANDED\n\nContinuing, Mr. Chao is reported to have maintained that besides employing the feudal method of employment, the foreign shipping companies in China require the payment from each seaman of a deposit of $300 to $700 on his accepting employment. The distressed seaman has to raise such a big amount by means of loans at whatever rate of interest may be demanded...\n\nPOSITION IN HONG KONG\n\nIn conclusion, Mr. Chao alleged that the Hong Kong authorities, under the pretext of apprehension of Communist activities, closed...\n\nGUILTY OF EXAGGERATION\n\nThe foregoing sums up Mr. Chao Pan-fu's remarks anent what he termed \"the Chinese seamen's fight for equal treatment.\" On the other hand, from enquiries made locally at authoritative sources, it was revealed that the entire statement of Mr. Chao Pan-fu was in the nature of propaganda.\n\n\"Mr. Chao is guilty of exaggeration,\" one local manager declared after he had read the article in question.\n\n\"FEUDAL SYSTEM\" EXPLAINED\n\nRegarding the feudal method of employment by the contractor-system, it was pointed out by an executive of a Hong Kong shipping office that a bond of security was required from the No. 1's of each department on the ship, namely the bo'sun, the steward and the head fireman, as an insurance for the Company against its being charged with fines ranging from $1,000 to $5,000 resulting from the discovery of contraband on their vessels.\n\nPage 27\n\n...\n\nPage 27", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-556-14 Chinese Seamen's Union- activities 1-7-1936 - 16-2-1937.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 552378, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-559-18 Employment of certificated officers on vessels holding Hong Kong passenger certificates 19-11-1936 - 19-11-1936", "page_number": 8, "title": "CO129-559-18 Employment of certificated officers on vessels holding Hong Kong passenger certificates 19-11-1936 - 19-11-1936", "content_text": "## Merchant Shipping Ordinance of 1899\n\nThe existing provisions of which are considered out of date and totally inadequate to the requirements of present day local shipping circumstances. My Committees suggest that the provision therein defined be modernised by re-drafting such in line with those noted by the attached as mutually agreed upon by shipowners and officers representatives at Home.\n\nSuch progressive response by Government will introduce a long overdue and much needed measure of reform which will ensure a greater security for life and property at sea where the foreign-going shipping of this Colony is concerned.\n\nI have, etc.,\n**(SD.) ... KIRBY, F. Secretary.**\n\nPage 4\nPage 4\nCopy.\n\n## Extract from South China Morning Post, Thursday, October 8, 1936.\n\n### DECK OFFICERS.\n\n#### Agreement Reached at The English Conference.\n\n#### IN MERCHANT VESSELS.\n\nNegotiations between the ship-owners' and officers' representatives on the Navigating Officers' Panel of the National Maritime Board with regard to the number of navigating officers to be carried on British foreign-going merchant vessels have been completed.\n\nAn agreement was reached which will come into force in the case of ships' articles opened on or after October 1. It requires two certificated navigating officers in addition to the master to be carried on foreign-going vessels exceeding 700 tons gross but not over 2,500 tons gross, and three certificated navigating officers in addition to the master on foreign-going vessels exceeding 2,500 tons gross. It was agreed that there should be further early negotiations in this country with regard to conditions of employment both on vessels covered by the new agreement and on home trade vessels.\n\nThe officers' representatives made it clear that in accepting an agreement which fell short of their own proposals it must be understood that they were keeping themselves free to make whatever proposals they thought desirable at the Geneva Maritime Conference this month. As regards the part of the agreement permitting a minimum of two officers to be carried on certain vessels the officers' representatives stated that they were accepting this.\n\nPage 9\nPage 9", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-559-18 Employment of certificated officers on vessels holding Hong Kong passenger certificates 19-11-1936 - 19-11-1936.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 555550, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-563-19 Sino-Japanese War- fund for relief of distress in China 5-10-1937 - 17-11-1937", "page_number": 12, "title": "CO129-563-19 Sino-Japanese War- fund for relief of distress in China 5-10-1937 - 17-11-1937", "content_text": "## -3-* \n## 12 \n\n### 5. \n### 6. \n### 7. \n### 8. \n\ndocuments relating to shipping should be sent to and dealt with by the Central office at the China Association offices.\n\n## THE FUND AND ITS EXPENDITURE\n\nMr. Hersee stated that the total of donations received at the Mansion House was approximately £43,000, exclusive of those received by the British Red Cross, the China Association and the Conference of British Missionary Societies.\n\nIt was decided to expend a further sum of £10,000 upon surgical instruments and dressings and to remit £10,000 to the Ambassador's organization in China.\n\nMr. Gull stated that no reply had as yet been received from the Central Committee at Shanghai to the cable despatched on October 19th.\n\n## CHINA CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE\n\nMr. Gull reported that he had had a conversation with Mr. Kaye, the Hon. Treasurer of the China Campaign Committee, and had asked him to ascertain his Committee's views on co-operation with the Fund for the Relief of Distress in China. Mr. Kaye had replied that he would do this.\n\n## CORRESPONDENCE\n\n(2)\n\n(b)\n\n(c)\n\nLetter from Lieut-Commissioner Alfred H. Barnett, of the Salvation Army, 2.11.37, suggesting the inclusion of a representative of the Army on the Executive Committee.\n\n**Decision**: It was decided to inform Lieut-Commissioner Barnett that no additions to the Executive Committee were being made at the present time.\n\nLetter from the Duke of Westminster's Secretary, 4.11.37. This was a reply to Mr. Gull's enquiry of 1.11.37 asking whether certain steps could be taken to adapt No.14, North Row to the purposes of the Clothing Sub-Committee. The reply was noted.\n\nLetter from the Port of London Authority, 3.11.37.\n\nMr. Gull informed the Committee that in this letter the Port of London Authority acceded to a request which, at the suggestion of Mr. Swire, he had made to it that dock dues be remitted on shipments made on behalf of the Fund. The Committee expressed its gratification.\n\n## PHOTOGRAPH OF DESPATCH OF MEDICAL SUPPLIES FROM ST.GEORGE'S DOCK ON NOVEMBER 5TH\n\nMr. Gull stated that the Lord Mayor's publicity agents would like to obtain a photograph of this event. The Committee considered it doubtful whether the P. & O., by which the shipment was to be made, would welcome this suggestion. It was decided, accordingly, to make further enquiries.\n\n### 9. \n## FUTURE MEETINGS\n\nIt was decided to hold the fifth meeting of the Executive Committee on Thursday, November 11th at 2.30 p.m. at 5, Chesterfield Gardens and the sixth on Tuesday, 16th at the offices of the British Red Cross Society.\n\nThis concluded the business of the meeting which terminated shortly after 5 p.m.\n\n8.11.37.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-563-19 Sino-Japanese War- fund for relief of distress in China 5-10-1937 - 17-11-1937.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 555605, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-563-19 Sino-Japanese War- fund for relief of distress in China 5-10-1937 - 17-11-1937", "page_number": 67, "title": "CO129-563-19 Sino-Japanese War- fund for relief of distress in China 5-10-1937 - 17-11-1937", "content_text": "# \n-2- \n\nEvery effort must be made to get supplies and relief as quickly as possible to the sufferers. It is of the greatest importance that there should be a united effort and all other bodies are invited to co-operate.\n\nThe names of persons constituting the general and executive Committees which we are in process of forming in London will be published at an early date. Details regarding amounts subscribed will be published from time to time.\n\nInquiries should be addressed to the Rev. S. H. Dixon, China Secretary, Edinburgh House, or to Mr. F. C. Davies, Secretary British Red Cross Society, 14, Grosvenor Crescent, S.W.1. or to Mr. E. M. Gull, Secretary of the China Association.\n\nWe are, etc.\n\nCosmo Cantuar.\nWilliam Ebor.\nArthur Archbishop of Westminster.\nDugald Macfarlane, Moderator Church of Scotland.\nM. F. Aubrey, Moderator Federal Council of Free Churches.\nSidney M. Berry, Sec., Congregational Union of England & Wales.\nRobert Bond, Pres. Methodist Conference.\nJ. H. Hertz, Chief Rabbi.\nWilfred Littleboy, Society of Friends.\nGeorge Broadbridge, Lord Mayor of London.\nW. G. S. Adams, (Warden of All Souls).\nCharles Addis.\nAllen G. Anderson.\nAbe Bailey.\nD. G. M. Bernard, (Hon. Treasurer, China Association).\nBearsted.\nEvangeline Booth, (General Salvation Army).\nP. B. Clayton.\nRachel Crowdy.\nHugo Cunliffe-Owen.\nO. M. Green, (Lon. Rep. British Residents Asscn. of China).\nLionel Curtiss.\nBeatrix Manico Gull, (formerly Chairman, British Women's Asson. Shanghai).\nDorothea Hosie.\nA. D. Lindsay, (Master of Balliol).\nListowel.\nG. M. W. Macdonogh.\nMcGowan.\nAdrian C. Moreing.\nF. R. Peacock.\nE. Denison Ross, (Chairman, Council China Society).\nSamuel.\nArthur Stanley, (Chairman, British Red Cross Society).\nKenneth D. Stewart, (Chairman, China & Far East Sec. Manchester C. of C.).\nG. W. Swire, (Chairman China Asscn).\nJ. J. Thomson, (Master of Trinity, Cambridge).\nR. Waller, (Pres. Kristol Inc. Chamber of Commerce und Shipping).\nWillingdon.\n\nTo the Editor.\n\n67", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-563-19 Sino-Japanese War- fund for relief of distress in China 5-10-1937 - 17-11-1937.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 556210, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-564-6 Typhoon- reports of damage- etc 9-9-1937 - 6-11-1937", "page_number": 31, "title": "CO129-564-6 Typhoon- reports of damage- etc 9-9-1937 - 6-11-1937", "content_text": "SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST. SEPTEMBER FRIDAY, 3, 1937.\n\nCHINA AND JAPAN\n\nBasic Facts Reviewed By an Observer\nPEACE IN EUROPE\n\nLittle Entente Policy Announced\nWAICHOW UNEASY\n\nFear of Air Raid Causes Exodus of Residents\nMY COFFEE MUST BE A FINE BLEND\n\nWELL, I THINK IT'S MORE IMPORTANT.\n\nTO HAVE IT REALLY FRESH\n\n13\n\nBUT I INSIST ON HAVING IT GROUND JUST RIGHT\n\n32\n\nWaichow, Sept. 1. It is reported that a bomb was dropped from a Japanese airplane flying over Au-tau, at the head of Bias Bay, fifty or more miles from Waichow. Yesterday, it is further rumoured that Waichow is one of the several places to be attacked from the air, which of course causes much uneasiness. Quite a number of women and children have previously retired to the village and others are leaving the city pursuant to these unfavourable reports.\n\nCHANGE OF VIEWPOINT\n\nThe motives which urged the Japanese to take advantage of the Lukouchiao and Shanghai incidents to start the present war are explained by a competent observer, Mr. E. M. Gull, in a letter to the Manchester Guardian. He says:\n\nSir, May I begin this letter, which I have been wanting to write for some time, by congratulating the Manchester Guardian on its presentation and treatment of the conflict between China and Japan? It needed real knowledge and insight to see and considerable courage to declare, as you did in your issue of July 13, that \"there is every reason to believe that, should the Japanese go forward, political necessity as well as his personal inclination will force General Chiang Kai-shek to fight at last.\" You were, I felt convinced, absolutely right, and so too, I thought, had been your correspondent in Nanking in the admirable messages which he had been sending to you.\n\nBucharest, Sept. 1. Members of the Little Entente have issued a communique on their policy, which is based on the same principles as the United States.\n\nMost observers in England, among them persons who had recently been in China, thought that China would not fight—not, some said, in any circumstances, and among them were men for whose respect I had a high regard.\n\nWashington, Sept. 1. Asked whether the United States and Britain contemplated further joint action in the Sino-Japanese crisis, Mr. Bingham replied that any statement would have to come from the Department of State.\n\nReports that British and American naval commanders at Shanghai were discussing the possibility of convoys to escort vessels were treated with circumspection by the Department of State, which takes the view that such a step would require Mr. Roosevelt's approval.—Reuter.\n\nTension Relieved\n\nUpon its presentation and treatment of the Far Eastern crisis \"to some extent.\"\n\nIt is expected that American cargo and passenger ships will be permitted to enter freely into Chinese waters soon, but Mr. Roper added that the American Government had to proceed upon a daily, and nigh an hourly basis, dependent on developments as they occurred.—Reuter.\n\nChinese Make Amends\n\nWashington, Sept. 2. The State Department has announced that the American Ambassador to China, Mr. N. T. Johnson, has cabled advising that Marshal Chiang Kai-shek has officially apologised in connection with the mistaken bombing of President Hoover and made amends.—United Press.\n\nBritish Co-operation\n\nShanghai, Sept. 2 (7 p.m.). Admiral Yarnell, interviewed by Reuter, expressed his appreciation of British co-operation in the present difficulties. He stated that he was conferring with Vice-Admiral Little frequently on questions of common interest, keeping the river open to navigation, and he described the help given by H.M.S. Cumberland to the United States supply ship Gold Star as a sterling example of Anglo-American co-operation.\n\nThe Basic Facts\n\nI say all this not by way of sending you an agreeable letter but because it enables me to state what I conceive to be the basic facts in the present situation. First, the Chinese are not temperamentally fighters, and they have a moral and intellectual antipathy to violence. The commonest coolie will describe as \"too fierce\" the threatening, blustering type of person, and once that has been said three or four times of a man, he is marked as inferior \"for keeps.\" But what the Chinese feel today transcends this constitutional dislike. They feel that unless they fight Japan, they will become a second-rate people, dominated by an inferiority complex, under the influence of which they could accomplish none of the tasks which they know must be undertaken and completed before they can rank again as a first-rate people.\n\nThe communique states that the development of the economic and political relations with the Danubian countries is increasingly hopeful.\n\nThe communique praises M. Paul Van Zeeland's efforts for international economic accord.—United Press.\n\nETHIOPIAN CONQUEST\n\nBelgrade, Sept. 1. Semi-officially, the newspaper Vreme reported that members of the Bucharest conference agreed that the question of recognising the Italian conquest of Ethiopia should be liquidated as soon as possible.\n\nIt is believed that members of the Little Entente are ready to originate a common move for the recognition of the conquest, and eliminating the subject from further European consideration.—United Press.\n\nHAILED IN FRANCE\n\nParis, Sept. 1. The country has hailed the results of the conference at Bucharest as the greatest victory of French foreign policy since Herr Adolf Hitler's policy changed the international line-up.\n\nAttention has been drawn to the communique, which endorses every principle of French foreign policy. It is said that the \"Hands-off Spain\" policy adopted at Bucharest is a direct blow to the Italo-German interference doctrine that in the civil war is justifiable because of the danger of the establishment of an extreme Leftist regime in Spain.—United Press.\n\nOPIUM PROBLEM\n\nCase of the British Colonies\nFUTURE CONTROL POINT\nA plea for the closest co-operation between the United States and this country in regard to the opium traffic was made at a gathering in Westminster by Mrs. Howell Morrhead, of the Foreign Policy Association, U.S.A., who for twenty-two years has been making a close study of the opium problem, discussing it with experts in many countries, and watching the work of the League of Nations Opium Advisory Committee.\n\nMrs. Moorhead spoke of a conference that would be held at Geneva in about two years, a conference of plenipotentiaries of the various Governments, to consider the drafting of a treaty to limit the supply of raw materials to the needs of doctors and scientists.\n\nMedical and scientific needs are already known, but to arrive at the world requirements of raw material, the League must also know the amount of raw material required by the opium-smoking monopolies and how long that need is to continue.\n\nIt should therefore also know what policy Great Britain intended to pursue in regard to such of her colonies as still allow opium-smoking. In some of those colonies, there are only a few—the smoker is registered but not rationed; in some, he is rationed, and in some, the registered list is closed, though new names may be added on medical authority.\n\nMrs. Moorhead, who made it clear that she was not speaking for her Government, said that the one point at issue between opinion in the United States and in Great Britain was the indefinite continuation of the opium-smoking monopolies in certain British colonies.\n\nAPPEAL TO MAYOR\n\nSan Francisco, Sept. 1. Teamsters throttled waterfront longshoremen's gangs attempting to unload ships here today, and cargoes are not leaving the docks.\n\nIn Clashes\n\nJerusalem, Sept. 1. Four more persons were killed today as a result of clashes between Arabs and Jews.\n\nJewish leaders have issued a proclamation in similar terms used by the Arab Higher Committee yesterday, urging their people to keep calm. Police and aircraft are standing by for emergencies.—Reuter Bulletin.\n\nMartial Law Threat\n\nA spokesman for the shippers asserted: \"Outbound ships will soon be without cargoes. All shipping will be badly crippled. We are not party to the dispute but are watching developments closely.\n\nJerusalem, Sept. 1. Two more Arabs have been shot to death. The toll for the 72 hours is seven Arabs and three Jews. The British authorities have threatened martial law.—United Press.\n\nAppeal to Mayor\n\nArab Killed\n\nJerusalem, Sept. 2. Shots were fired at the British High Commissioner's summer camp today, killing an Arab constable.\n\nSan Francisco, Sept. 1. Seventy-five women, mostly the wives of longshoremen, some leading and others carrying children, marched to the offices of the Mayor, Mr. Angelo J. Rossi, and appealed to him to terminate the embargo.—United Press.\n\nThe High Commissioner is at present residing there.—Reuter Bulletin.\n\nThe meeting agreed that the problem of Hongkong, where the control system has broken down, would require separate consideration.\n\nAMOY MAYOR QUITS\n\nAmoy, Sept. 2. Mr. Li Shih-lin, the mayor of Amoy, resigned today. It is reported that Mr. Kao Han-chiu will be appointed to succeed Mr. Li.—Central News.\n\nThe Canton-Hankow Railway has now resumed its regular service, which was lately interrupted by flood in Hunan, says the Canton Gazette. The large quantity of Hunan rice intended for Kwangtung and held up by the flood is gradually pouring into Canton.\n\nPage 13\n\nPage 13\n\nPage 13\n\n...\n\nPage 32\n\nPage 32\n\nPage 32", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-564-6 Typhoon- reports of damage- etc 9-9-1937 - 6-11-1937.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 564062, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939", "page_number": 25, "title": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939", "content_text": "# \n\n4 \n\ncommenced between the German and Polish armies. Subsequently, on the 3rd September Great Britain and France, in accordance with the undertaking they had given to Poland, both declared war on Germany. The German army, with irresistible force, overwhelmed the greater part of Poland in less than ten days, and on the 17th September the Soviet Union suddenly sent troops into that country and without loss of blood occupied the eastern part, while the leaders of the Polish Government took refuge outside their country. It appears that the Soviet invasion of Poland was the result of an understanding previously reached with Germany. The German army retreated as the Soviet forces advanced, and the latter now occupy about half of the whole of Poland, including the oil-bearing districts near Lemberg. Moreover, on the 29th September an agreement with regard to a delimitation of the new frontiers between Germany and the Soviet Union was signed in Moscow. It is impossible to predict the future course of the war, which, it seems likely, will last for a long time. It differs in many respects from the last European war and appears to partake largely of the nature of a war of diplomacy, economics and ideals rather than a war of military strength.\n\nThe Imperial Government, upon being informed of the opening of hostilities by Great Britain and France against Germany, decided to pursue a policy of non-involvement in the war and to proceed to a settlement of the China incident, and on the 4th September a statement to this effect was issued. When war breaks out between third countries a non-participating country automatically enjoys the rights, and must accept the obligations, of neutrality under international law, and it is not necessary that a declaration of neutrality should be issued. Accordingly, the Government's statement of the 4th September may in a sense be called an expression of the attitude of the Japanese Government vis-à-vis the European war and the reason why they had adopted this method. The basis of Japan's foreign policy is to attain at all costs a settlement of the China incident, and accordingly her policy vis-à-vis third countries must be determined on that basis.\n\nThe Government, in accordance with their settled policy of disposing of the incident, intend to take measures to deal with the present critical situation by giving effect to a multilateral and comprehensive foreign policy, after careful consideration and with due regard to the situation in Europe.\n\nJudging from reports from various sources the difficulties of the Chungking Government are increasing, and its financial difficulties can be readily understood from the fall in value of the fapi.\n\nThe main reason why the Chiang Kai-shek régime has been able to subsist since its flight to Chungking last year is the material and moral support given to it by third Powers. Japan must assist in the task of establishing a new central Government in China and, at the same time, devise measures to bring about the elimination of the assistance from third Powers, which has been the external cause of the continued existence of the Chiang régime.\n\nOne of the chief reasons why third Powers continue directly and indirectly to put obstacles in Japan's way by helping Chiang Kai-shek is anxiety lest, with the downfall of the Chiang régime, their rights and interests in China shall be ... But what Japan asks from China is close political and economic co-operation between the two countries based on the principle of friendship between neighbours, and she has no idea whatever of closing the door in China and of excluding economic activities on the part of third Powers. In the past repeated efforts have been made to dispel the anxiety of third Powers on this point; but it is necessary, by emphasising and demonstrating its truth, to induce them to abandon their support of Chiang Kai-shek.\n\nWith regard to relations with Great Britain, the so-called \"Anglo-Japanese Conversations\" took place in Tokyo in July. As a result Great Britain agreed in principle to refrain from measures beneficial to the enemy and injurious to Japan in areas under the control of the Japanese forces in China. Negotiations were, however, broken off because Great Britain would not assent to Japan's demands in regard to the disposal of concrete questions relating to the concession at Tientsin.\n\nEfforts to make the United States fully understand Japan's true intentions in regard to the construction of a new order in East Asia will be continued.\n\nAs regards relations with the Soviet Union, negotiations have taken place in Moscow in connexion with the so-called Nomonhan incident involving Manchukuo and Mongolia; and as a result an agreement has been reached by Mr. Togo and M. Molotov for a truce. The Government hopes to solve one by one other questions pending between Japan and the Soviet Union.\n\n## Enclosure 3\n\nExtract from the Japan Advertiser of October 3, 1939.\n\n### Summary of Address by the Minister of Finance\n\nIt may be assured that there will be increased demand for Japanese goods throughout the world as a result of the war in Europe, just as there was at the time of the Great War, when Japanese industry had a phenomenal boom, but this time there is a limit to the amount Japan can export because of the difficulty of obtaining raw materials for such exports and the shortage of labour and transportation facilities,\" \"Domei\" reports the Finance Minister, Mr. Kazuo Aoki, as telling the governors' conference yesterday.\n\nIt is even possible that there will be a decrease in the export trade owing to the lack of shipping and the difficulty of foreign settlements.\n\nIn the field of imports, the Finance Minister went on, foreign raw materials will become increasingly hard to get, and some of them will be impossible to obtain during the hostilities because of export restrictions imposed by the countries of supply, rising prices and other obstacles.\n\n\"Such developments,\" the Finance Minister said, \"might hamper the production expansion plans of Japan in connexion with the creation of a new order in East Asia, and may force the Government to strengthen control over private demand for goods.\n\nJapan must make further strenuous efforts to promote the export trade and obtain a liberal supply of foreign materials,\" Mr. Aoki declared.\n\nThe Finance Minister began his talk by stating that financial and economic measures must be formulated and carried out on the fundamental policy of building up the powers of the nation, such as national defence and along economic lines, in line with the China situation and developments in international affairs. To this end, capital, materials and man power must be co-ordinated among Japan, Manchukuo and China and the national general mobilisation system completed and strengthened.\n\nJapan's finance has been greatly expanded by the China incident, and most prudent measures are necessary to remedy vicious influences in the national economy through the large amount of money coming from the Government. The budget must be carefully handled, with the spending programme of the Government kept in line with the programme for national economy by avoiding careless disbursement of funds which would be bad for the plans for thrift and retrenchment.\n\nAlong this principle the Government pared more than 215 million yen in the general accounts in the budget for the 1939-40 fiscal year. The Government either eliminated or deferred items which had already been decided upon where this seemed necessary in view of the material resources mobilisation plan. Retrenchment was also adopted in connexion with many other undertakings and thrift introduced all along the line.\n\nIn the budget for next year the Government intends to concentrate on only the most important undertakings, and at the same time will endeavour to increase revenue by increased taxes as well as ever before. At the same time special attention will be paid to maintenance of harmony between the budget and various economic measures, covering goods, labour, capital and commodity prices, in order to formulate a budget in accordance with the combined economic power of the State.\n\nGeneral revision of the central Government and local taxation systems has long been contemplated, and it is now thought that this must be carried out as soon as possible, the Finance Minister continued. Such revision will have a far-reaching effect on various departments of the Government, so it will be carried ... \n\n28", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 564085, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939", "page_number": 48, "title": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939", "content_text": "# 55\n\n**THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT**\n\n## FAR EASTERN (JAPAN)\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\nSeptember 12, 1939\n\n## SECTION 1\n\n`F 10046/874/23`\n\n**(No. 573.)**\n\n131\n\nCopy No.\n\nSir R. Craigie to Viscount Halifax.-(Received September 12.)\n\nHIS Majesty's Ambassador at Tokyo presents his compliments to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and has the honour to transmit to him a copy of Political Diary No. 7 for July 1939.\n\nTokyo, August 9, 1939.\n\n### Enclosure\n\n#### Political Diary No. 7 for July 1939\n\n(This Diary is a brief and informal review of current topics. Although it is largely based on extracts from the Japanese press and is not in the nature of a considered report, the Diary should be treated as confidential, and should not be publicly quoted or reproduced.)\n\n### Tientsin Question\n\n#### FOREIGN AFFAIRS\n\n#### United Kingdom\n\n239. The month began with continued preparations for the Tokyo Conference. On the 2nd July Mr. Sotomatsu Kato arrived in Tokyo to conduct the negotiations for the Japanese Government, and on the 4th his appointment was announced as Minister at Large in China. On the 6th Japanese military representatives from Tientsin reached Japan and issued somewhat truculent statements to the press on their arrival. Discussions then proceeded between the various interested departments of the Japanese Government.\n\n240. Meanwhile the Tientsin situation showed a slight improvement. There was a decrease, and finally a cessation, of incidents involving British subjects at barriers. Interference with British shipping, however, continued and there was further serious obstruction of the supply of milk to the concession, to such an extent that on the 10th July His Majesty's Ambassador felt obliged to write to the Minister for Foreign Affairs stating that, until the hindrances to the milk supply were removed, he would be unable to open the negotiations. The milk situation then improved materially, but even after the opening of the discussions it was necessary to draw the Japanese Government's attention to serious cases of delay.\n\n241. By this time the Japanese Government's views had taken shape, and on the 10th a \"Domei\" international broadcast, probably officially inspired, stated that no readjustment of Anglo-Japanese arrangements would be possible through a mere discussion of the local issues at Tientsin.\n\n242. On the 15th July Sir Robert Craigie received from the Minister for Foreign Affairs the Japanese Government's proposed agenda for the discussions, together with a formula providing for co-operation between the British and Japanese authorities in occupied China, to which the Japanese Government wished His Majesty's Government to subscribe before the beginning of the detailed negotiations on Tientsin. Sir Robert Craigie was unable to accept this formula as it stood, but after a week of negotiations, in the course of which concessions were made by both sides, an agreed statement on the subject in question was issued simultaneously in London and in Tokyo on the 24th July. A statement made to the press by the Japanese Prime Minister on the 22nd July implied that the formula involved an abandonment by His Majesty's Government...\n\n`[708 m-1]`", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 564124, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939", "page_number": 87, "title": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939", "content_text": "## British Shipping\n\n124. Interference with foreign and especially British shipping off the China coast became rapidly worse during April. Interference with the loading of British ships in the Yangtze delta had begun earlier in the year and showed no signs of discontinuance, intimidation being used by Japanese naval and military authorities to prevent Chinese from loading British ships. Between the 23rd and the 26th April, six British ships were detained for flag verification purposes in the neighbourhood of Foochow, the ships detained including some which were well known to the Japanese, and about the British registry of which there was no doubt. On the 8th April, a Japanese prize crew was placed on board the steamship Sagres, which was engaged in loading salt for the Chinese Government off Foochow, and the ship was taken off to the Pescadores. Representations by the commander-in-chief to the Japanese naval authorities to the effect that the ship was engaged in peaceful and legitimate trade failed to secure the release of the ship, but after a fortnight's detention and interrogation, the crew were allowed to return to Hong Kong. The matter was still under discussion at the end of the month.\n\n## United States of America\n\n125. On the 30th March, the United States Ambassador in Tokyo protested formally and emphatically to the Japanese Government against the continued disregard by the Japanese forces of American lives and property in China. Mr. Grew reminded the Japanese Government that, although United States nationals had taken voluntary measures to mark their property in China, there had been no less than 135 instances of Japanese aerial attacks endangering American lives and resulting in damage to American property, which the United States Embassy had had to bring to the notice of the Japanese Government.\n\n126. The U.S.S. Astoria arrived on the 17th April at Yokohama, bringing the ashes of Mr. Saito, late Japanese Ambassador in Washington. The officers and crew of the ship were overwhelmed with hospitality and expressions of appreciation, while the American Embassy was inundated with presents. The visit was exploited to the full in the Japanese press, and the arrangements for the funeral were both efficient and impressive; certain events which occurred at the same time, however, sounded a different note. For instance, Mr. Sumner Welles, the United States Under-Secretary of State, informed the press on the 20th April that he had protested to the Japanese Ambassador in Washington about the continued interference by the Japanese authorities with the movement of United States citizens in China, and the United States Ambassador in Tokyo made a similar protest on the 21st April. The transfer of the United States fleet to the Pacific from the Atlantic, which was announced on the 21st April, also received much notice of a surprisingly hostile kind in the Japanese press.\n\n127. President Roosevelt's message to Hitler of the 15th April received lukewarm approval in Japanese newspapers, which eventually resorted to agreement with the Axis view that the message had been sent to the wrong address.\n\n128. On the 27th April, Senator Key Pitman, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, introduced a resolution in the Senate which would empower the President to impose certain important restrictions on trade and credit transactions between the United States and any Power violating the Nine-Power Treaty. The resolution has aroused violent controversy in the United States.\n\n## Anti-Comintern Pact\n\n129. A series of meetings of the Five Ministers' Conference were held during April and created the impression that an announcement giving added force to the Anti-Comintern Pact was imminent. However, as in the previous month, nothing definite emerged, and at the end of April, the newspapers had it that no decision would be taken for another month.\n\n## Germany: Visit of German Journalists\n\n130. On the 27th April, a party of German journalists, who are touring the Far East, arrived at Yokohama for a week's visit to Japan. The delegation, which consists of representatives of many leading German news agencies and newspapers, is returning the visit paid by a Japanese delegation to Germany in 1938.\n\n## German Flight to Tokyo\n\n131. A Luft-Hansa aeroplane left Berlin on the 22nd April, piloted by Baron von Gablenz, a director of the company, who is flying in easy stages to Tokyo. The object of the flight is said to be to collect data for the eventual establishment of a German air service between Europe and the Far East.\n\n## Conditions of Life\n\n132. Mr. Ikuta Yasugi, a former member of the Japanese Embassy in Moscow, was quoted in the press as saying that the restaurants in Moscow served better food to their customers than those in Berlin. The necessary correction was made with exemplary promptitude, accompanied by a suitable expression of Mr. Yasugi's indignation at the misunderstanding.\n\n## Italy: Italian Exhibition\n\n133. An Italian exhibition, sponsored by the Italian Embassy, the Italo-Japanese Cultural Institute, and the Tokyo Nichi Nichi newspaper, was opened on the 12th April. The exhibits consisted mainly of illustrations of the extent and achievements of the Roman Empire and of modern Italy. The most impressive feature of the exhibition was a large room containing photographs of the activities of the Italian armed forces.\n\n## Occupation of Albania\n\n134. General Itagaki, the Minister of War, and Prince Kanin, the Chief of the General Staff, telegraphed to Signor Mussolini congratulating him on the annexation of Albania.\n\n## France: Spratley Islands\n\n135. The French Ambassador addressed a note to the Minister for Foreign Affairs on the 4th April protesting against the occupation of the Spratley Islands. The French Government, he said, could not recognise this action and did not regard it as in any way affecting French sovereignty over the islands.\n\n136. On the 10th April, His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires left with the Minister for Foreign Affairs a note to the effect that His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom were unable to admit that the claim of the Japanese Government had any legal foundation and that they deplored the procedure adopted by them in this matter, as it could only complicate still further the situation in the Far East. In a reply, dated the 13th April, Mr. Arita stated that the Japanese Government found difficulty in understanding the basis for His Majesty's Government's representations, since not only was the measure taken lawful and based on fact and upon law, but it also was a matter which concerned Japan and France. The Japanese Government also disagreed that the measure would further complicate the situation in the Far East.\n\n137. The Official Gazette of the 18th April contained an order signed by the Governor-General of Formosa on the 30th March announcing the inclusion, as from that date, of the Spratley Islands within the jurisdiction of Takao City, Formosa.\n\n## China: Military Operations\n\n138. Much publicity was given to the Chinese so-called \"April offensive.\" This operation, however, was treated with considerable ridicule by the Japanese press, which gave frequent accounts of invariably successful Japanese counter-attacks and costly Chinese losses.\n\n## Japanese Policy\n\n139. In a speech on the 11th April at the opening of a conference of the heads of Liaison Offices in China of the Asia Development Council, the Prime Minister stated that the Japanese Government had no intention of excluding or restricting unreasonably the economic activities and interests of third Powers beyond the extent necessary for Japan's national defence and her existence as a nation.\n\n140. In a further speech on the 13th April, Baron Hiranuma stated that, when the new régimes in China had expanded and were fully co-operating with Japan...\n\nPage 633-2\n105", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 567404, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-580-1 Sino-Japanese War- handing over of suspected terrorists to Japanese authorities 1-5-1939 - 24-8-1939", "page_number": 68, "title": "CO129-580-1 Sino-Japanese War- handing over of suspected terrorists to Japanese authorities 1-5-1939 - 24-8-1939", "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government, and should be returned to the Foreign Office if not required for official use.\n\n68\n\nFrom CHINA.\n\nDecypher.\n\nMr. Jamieson (Tientsin).\n\n15th June, 1939.\n\nD.\n\n(Via W/T.) 15th June, 1939.\n\nR.\n\n5.45 p.m., 15th June, 1939.\n\nNo. 230.\n\nAddressed to Shanghai No. 307.\n\nMy telegram No. 302.\n\nYou will see from my telegram No. 229 to the Foreign Office that I have entered vigorous protest against this searching and pointed out consequences of detention of large ships or tugs towing lighters.\n\n2. I have now had a further conference with shipping companies and advised them only to despatch vessels up and down the river if they are satisfied that there will be no danger of accident.\n\nThis can be managed to a certain extent by ships arranging to arrive at detention point on a tide favourable to manoeuvring. Experiment will be made in the first instance by tug towing lighters.\n\nRepeated to Foreign Office, Tokyo No. 145, Commander-in-Chief No. 103 and General Officer Commanding No. 98.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-580-1 Sino-Japanese War- handing over of suspected terrorists to Japanese authorities 1-5-1939 - 24-8-1939.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 568777, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-582-5 Merchant Shipping Amendment Ordinance 1939 15-5-1939 - 22-1-1940", "page_number": 26, "title": "CO129-582-5 Merchant Shipping Amendment Ordinance 1939 15-5-1939 - 22-1-1940", "content_text": "No. 510.\n\n26\n\nGOVERNMENT HOUSE,\n\nHONG KONG.\n\n25th July, 1939.\n\n70 (18)\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to refer to your telegram No.106 of 6th June, 1939, regarding the draft of a Bill to amend the Merchant Shipping Ordinance, 1899, by enabling the Harbour Master to refuse a port clearance in the case of a ship intending to proceed to a port of China which has not been opened to foreign trade.\n\n2.\n\nIn connection with the seizure by Japanese forces recently in the West River delta of a ship, the s.s. \"Dholera\", flying the British flag which was suspected of smuggling goods into China a conference was held in which the Commodore, Hong Kong, the Attorney-General, the Harbour Master, the Commercial Secretary, Hong Kong, and the Commissioner of the Chinese Maritime Customs for Kowloon and district took part. The terms of reference of this conference were to discuss the principles which should govern the policy of this Colony in dealing with the problems which arise from the somewhat clandestine class of trade engaged in by vessels like the s.s. \"Dholera\".\n\n3.\n\nThe Commodore has now informed me that the conference reached the conclusion that there appears to be an anomaly in that British ships flying the\n\nTHE RIGHT HONOURABLE\n\nMALCOLM MACDONALD, M.P.,\n\n&c.,\n\n&c.,\n\n&c.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-582-5 Merchant Shipping Amendment Ordinance 1939 15-5-1939 - 22-1-1940.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 571410, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-586-6 Administration of the port of Hong Kong 27-1-1940 - 24-7-1940", "page_number": 23, "title": "CO129-586-6 Administration of the port of Hong Kong 27-1-1940 - 24-7-1940", "content_text": "## \nOn telephoning to Mr. Davis it was ascertained that the latter was unwilling to undertake work abroad.\n\nMr. Spiller was definite that it would be best to appoint Mr. Coode and referred to the difficulty of finding any suitable Engineer who was not associated with a firm of Consulting Engineers. (Incidentally, Sir C. Bottomley mentioned that he had discussed the matter with Mr. Coode and the latter quite appreciated that he would not be a joint Commissioner with Sir D. Owen, only a technical adviser). After discussion it was finally agreed, that in view of the advantage of obtaining an Engineer who was not associated with Consulting Engineers, further enquiry should be made by the Colonial Office to see whether the Ministry of Transport could recommend any suitable person, possibly someone with experience in one of the larger Indian ports. Sir D. Owen suggested that Mr. Shirley Hawkins, engineer to the Ministry of Transport, might be able to advise or even be willing himself to undertake the appointment.\n\nIt was agreed that if these enquiries were fruitless Mr. Coode might be appointed. After the conference we discussed and it was suggested that drafts should be prepared for Sir G. Gater's signature to Sir Julian Foley (Ministry of Shipping) and Sir L. Browett (Ministry of Transport). I submit drafts accordingly.\n\nI wonder if it would not be as well also to consult the India Office?\n\n## \n17.1 \n7 May, 1940.\n\nI have offered the draft. Handle with which consulter, informally the President of the Institution of Civil Engineers, who is often Committed in such matters, and would know the available pool of Engineers (active list and retired) better than either the Ministry of Transport or the Ministry of Shipping.\n\nFind out the President's name.\n\n10.5.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-586-6 Administration of the port of Hong Kong 27-1-1940 - 24-7-1940.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 573638, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-589-1 Sino-Japanese War- shipping on Pearl River 26-1-1941 - 17-6-1941", "page_number": 33, "title": "CO129-589-1 Sino-Japanese War- shipping on Pearl River 26-1-1941 - 17-6-1941", "content_text": "1. \n\n33 \n\nNational. \n\nNaoyama is favourably impressed by the shipping done by the aid of the charter and would therefore be acceptable to them.\n\nHayawaki have warned me that it is unlikely that #12 \n\n4. \n\nIt is even doubtful whether they are able to \n\nTanna. That the crucial matter is shipping. (1) \n\nIt is essential to protect all imports by the shipping conference. It is hoped that military authority will minimize clashes at `Jintry auth` for clearance at `10nt 1` for shipping to and from Shanghai and `nhkoping 1` both at Shanghai.\n\nshi \n\n5. \n\nEnclosure \n\nbe useful.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-589-1 Sino-Japanese War- shipping on Pearl River 26-1-1941 - 17-6-1941.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 574646, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-590-11 Commission of Enquiry into irregularities in Immigration Departments 22-4-1941 - 19-12-1941", "page_number": 96, "title": "CO129-590-11 Commission of Enquiry into irregularities in Immigration Departments 22-4-1941 - 19-12-1941", "content_text": "11 \n\n99 \n\nhave a few dress rehearsals on the arrival of the Macau steamers. No one, therefore, will be surprised when I add that anything in the nature of constructive work had to be confined to the evenings from 6 p.m. onwards; nor when they learn that despite this incessant work I was, much against my will, compelled to report to Government that I could not have my organization ready in time for enforcement on 17th December, as was arranged, although I knew that H.E. the Governor was most anxious that the plan should be in \n\noperation at the earliest possible moment. \n\nThe enforcement of the Ordinance on 15th January added two new problems quicker than the old ones could be removed. The difficulties were outstanding among so many, viz., that of water transport, and that of the deposit system. \n\nThe matter of water transport was settled (as I then thought) in a series of minutes between the Police Department and myself, followed by a conference between the District Superintendent, Kowloon, a representative of the Harbour Department, and myself on 1st February, with their sequels when I approached the Government with my requirements, are to be found dated 24th January and 14th February in `C.O.2863/41`. \n\nI should make it plain at once that the attitude of the financial side of the Government as exemplified in those minutes is just as encouraging as I have found it throughout my attempt to reconcile the interests of the various classes of persons affected by the new control of immigration. To make this point plainer, I quote from another minute of mine in the file quoted: never forgotten that they (the shipping companies) should be as little delayed or inconvenienced as possible. \n\nI intended to place beside it the opinion of the shipping representatives of the General Chamber of Commerce as expressed to me at a conference which I had with them on 3rd March, 1911. The report has not yet reached me. \n\nIt is abundantly clear that the means given me to cope with the task were utterly inadequate, and that the position of the finances of the department, having regard to Government's", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-590-11 Commission of Enquiry into irregularities in Immigration Departments 22-4-1941 - 19-12-1941.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 578043, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-591-4 Situation in enemy occupied Hong Kong 7-1-1944 - 21-11-1944", "page_number": 64, "title": "CO129-591-4 Situation in enemy occupied Hong Kong 7-1-1944 - 21-11-1944", "content_text": "64\n\nExtract for Daily Digest\n\n21-12.4-3\n\n13.20 HONGKONG CONSTRUCTIONAL PROGRESS Hongkong: The progress of building in Hongkong during the two years since the former Crown Colony's occupation by the Imperial forces was reviewed by Lt/Gen. Isogai, the Governor General at a Press conference yesterday.\n\nHe said that all key industries, including shipbuilding, which had been set up in Hongkong were contributing greatly to bolstering Japan's fighting strength. Hongkong as well stabilised financially during the first year of occupation and the third year,\n\nThe Government was just beginning to launch a number of trade promotion measures. General was drafting a plan to encourage private traders, Japanese as well as Chinese,\n\nHe concluded: \"Hongkong, by partaking actively in all fields of wartime industrial trade is playing a significant role in the consummation of the war and the construction of Greater East Asia.\"\n\n1\n\n13.02\n\nExtract for Daily Digest of World Broadcasts 25.12.43\n\nHONGKONG RECONSTRUCTION:\n\nDOMEI CORRESPONDENT From Domei correspondent, Hongkong: Under the Japanese Administration, which began just two years ago, Hongkong has undergone economic re-birth and has become the pivotal entrepot port of East Asia. One outstanding feature in the reconstruction of Hongkong was the whole-hearted cooperation of leading Chinese residents, who, clearly understanding the true intentions of Japan remained in the city following the overthrow of British rule and cooperated positively with the Administration.\n\nThese Chinese residents will presently play the vital role of accelerating the exchange of staple commodities between Hongkong and other parts of Greater East Asia, thereby contributing to a revival of trade between the former Crown Colony and other ports and stabilising the supply of daily necessities as well as that of important industrial raw materials. During the past two years, Hongkong trade has made noteworthy strides. Trade Agreements with Canton, Amoy, Swatow and Hainan Island as well as the Philippines have increased the exchange of manufactured articles from Hongkong for raw materials.\n\nTrade is also active between Hongkong, Japan, Taiwan, Shona, French Indochina and Thailand. Trade activities are principally controlled by the Hongkong Trade Association, which comprises 92 leading Japanese commercial houses. Trade with the coastal areas of China is principally carried by Chinese merchants. To alleviate the shortage of shipping, Chinese junks are widely used. Shipbuilding tops the new industries. Despite comparatively restricted raw materials, all dockyards near Hongkong are kept humming from dawn till dusk. Notable work is being done repairing the old dockyards.\n\nMotor sailing ships are also being built for coastwise transport. Other important industries include sugar, tobacco, Manila rope, cement, oxygen, nails, seasoning essences, soft drinks and dyes. Moreover, small plants are producing cotton fabrics, rubber goods, and foodstuffs. During the short span of two years, more than 78 Chinese plants, closed by the war, have been reopened and are now turning out vital products.\n\nThere is a marked increase in the production of lead, as well as of wolfram ore for the manufacture of tungsten. The Government General is trying to increase the output of agricultural products through the adoption of modern farming methods and by the large-scale cultivation of idle lots, improvement of rice planting and increased production of vegetables and fruits.\n\nFishing, which was one of the most important industries of Hongkong, has been improved through the adoption of Japanese methods. \"Junk fishing\" has been rationalised, under the supervision of 70 large Japanese Fishery Companies. The sale and distribution of the fish is controlled by Fishery Associations.\n\nOne noteworthy contribution towards the self-sufficiency of Hongkong is the Japanese mopping up operations along the Canton-Kowloon railway district carried out in November with the cooperation of the Japanese forces in South China and the Hongkong Defence Corps. In less than two months, Chungking remnants as well as Communist troops were completely wiped out. Thus, the land traffic route, linking Hongkong and Canton, has been completely restored, to accelerate further economic collaboration between these two pivotal cities.\n\nFurther, with the pacification of the railway zone, rice, vegetables, fruits and other agrarian products, which are abundantly grown in the fertile area along the railway, are now available to Hongkong, thereby further bolstering Hongkong's self-sufficiency in food.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-591-4 Situation in enemy occupied Hong Kong 7-1-1944 - 21-11-1944.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 578791, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-592-10 Future Policy in Hong Kong- Port Administration 10-4-1946 - 15-4-1947", "page_number": 185, "title": "CO129-592-10 Future Policy in Hong Kong- Port Administration 10-4-1946 - 15-4-1947", "content_text": "183\n\n184\n\nCLYDE ESTUARY COMMITTEE\n\nTo The Right Hon. ALFRED BARNES, M.P.,\n\nSIR,\n\nMinister of War Transport.\n\n(1) We were appointed by your predecessor, after consultation with the then Secretary of State for Scotland, on 2nd August, 1944, with the following Terms of Remit:—\n\nTo enquire into the present arrangements for the provision and administration of navigational facilities and of docks and harbours of the River and Firth of Clyde and the lochs leading from them, and to report what modifications, if any, in those arrangements are desirable for the promotion of the trade of the estuary and the public interest.\"\n\n(2) We devoted ourselves in the first instance to the study of the mass of information and statistics bearing upon the subject of our investigation contained in numerous official and unofficial records and publications, and we also carried out inspections on the River and Estuary. Thereafter we addressed a questionnaire to a large number of authorities, bodies and individuals interested in different aspects of the problem, and later extended our requests for information and criticism in the light of our growing experience. The main sources from which we have received representations or evidence are detailed in Appendix A; and we desire to express our grateful acknowledgements for the courtesy and promptitude with which so many elaborate and carefully thought out memoranda have been placed at our disposal, and for the ready assistance which we have received. In taking oral evidence we deliberately avoided formal judicial methods or public sessions, our view being that better results would be achieved by private and informal discussion around a conference table upon the crucial issues in controversy.\n\nBy these methods, and by establishing contact with various other bodies simultaneously engaged in the study of related problems, we have spared no effort to draw upon every accessible source of responsible and instructed opinion on the subject of our remit; and it has only been after prolonged consideration of the numerous, and by no means unanimous, views presented to us that we have reached the conclusions embodied in this Report.\n\n(3) The Report is presented in two Parts. In Part I we have summarised the main facts of the present position and our estimate of the probable trend of requirements in the predictable future. In Part II we have stated and endeavoured to justify the recommendations and proposals which we submit for your consideration.\n\n3\n\nPART I.\n\nGENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RIVER AND FIRTH.\n\n(4) The main features of the Estuary and River must already be so familiar to all likely to read this Report that we confine ourselves to a brief summary of the main facts bearing upon the provision of navigational facilities. We append an outline sketch plan.\n\nIn its wider sense the Firth of Clyde may be said to cover everything above a line between the Mull of Kintyre and Corsewall Point. But this wider area naturally divides itself at the Cumbraes into two parts—the lower estuary, and the upper estuary and river.\n\nThe lower estuary consists of an oblong area of virtually open sea, roughly 40 miles in length by 30 in width, divided into two unequal parts by the island of Arran. The smaller or western half, consisting of Kilbrennan Sound, is little used except for fishing or minor coastwise traffic; and it is to the larger or eastern half that the name Firth of Clyde is normally applied.\n\nThe upper estuary and river, though also about 40 miles in length from Glasgow to the Cumbraes, has a maximum width of only about 10 miles, narrowing in the upper 20 miles of its length to the few hundred feet of the river and dredged channel. The upper estuary consists in maritime parlance partially \"smooth water,\" and includes the well-known anchorage at the Tail of the Bank, with the adjoining landlocked water areas of Loch Long, the Gareloch, Holy Loch and Loch Goil.\n\n(5) From the standpoint of port administration and navigational facilities interest centres very largely upon the upper estuary and river. In the lower estuary there are situated only the Ayrshire ports of Ardrossan, Irvine, Troon and Ayr, the ports in Loch Ryan, and the port of Campbeltown; with in addition a large number of small harbours, piers and jetties of local significance. But with these exceptions it is within the upper estuary and river that all the considerable dock facilities are to be found, and it is there that the vast bulk of the shipping trade is conducted. The only river tributaries of the Clyde which need be mentioned are the Cart in Renfrewshire and the Leven in Dunbartonshire.\n\n(6) The depth of water varies from a minimum of about 18 feet L.W.O.S.T. in the river, to nearly 100 fathoms at various points in the lower estuary, the tidal range being 10 to 12 feet at average spring tides.\n\n(7) Even if Ardrossan, Ayr and Troon are included, the major Clyde ports lie within a circle of 20 miles radius, and they constitute a group apart amongst British ports, for the steaming distance from Glasgow to Belfast is 135 miles, to Liverpool 212 miles, and to Bristol nearly 400 miles.\n\nTHE EXISTING ADMINISTRATIVE LAY-OUT.\n\n(8) The present administrative position is the end-product of a long series of independent enterprises initiated in the course of the last two hundred years, during which the centre of gravity has shifted up the river from the Ayrshire coast, first to Port Glasgow, and finally to Glasgow itself. The history of these enterprises has often been told and cannot be repeated here; but it has left a broad mark upon the present administrative scheme. That scheme\n\n47051\n\nA 2", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-592-10 Future Policy in Hong Kong- Port Administration 10-4-1946 - 15-4-1947.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 579361, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-592-4 Reports on current situation- Police 14-11-1945 - 1-7-1946", "page_number": 40, "title": "CO129-592-4 Reports on current situation- Police 14-11-1945 - 1-7-1946", "content_text": "Date. District. Time.\n\n11.12.41\n\nHong Kong. Evening.\n\n58.\n\nWestern.\n\nEmergency Night.\n\n59.\n\nEmergency Night. Unit, Hong Kong.\n\n60.\n\nUnit, Hong Kong.\n\n61.\n\nKowloon Brigade H. Q.\n\n20.00\n\n62.\n\nPolice Headquarters.\n\n21.00\n\n63.\n\nCentral.\n\n21.30\n\n64.\n\nYaumati.\n\n21.30 to 22.30\n\n65.\n\nWater Police.\n\n22.00\n\n66.\n\nTsim Sha Tsui.\n\n23.30\n\n12.12.41\n\nWater Police.\n\n01.00\n\n2.\n\nWater Police.\n\n01.30\n\n3.\n\nEmergency Unit, Hong Kong.\n\n02.00\n\n4.\n\nWestern.\n\n07.00\n\n25. 12-12.41\n\nPolice party under Mr. Thompson, Superintendent of Police, proceeded across to Kowloon to contact the Assistant Superintendent of Police, Kowloon. Report was received from the Military of suspected signalling from Felix Villas. It was investigated by Police but nothing was found.\n\nOn return from Kowloon L. S. A. 142 Kinloch dealt drastically with a Fifth Columnist found signalling with a torch across to Kowloon from the O.S.K. Shipping Office, St. George's Building.\n\nThe Unit did duty along the Water Front whilst the troops were arriving from Kowloon.\n\nKowloon Brigade Headquarters, Waterloo Road, evacuated and proceeded to the Kowloon City Ferry Wharf to cross over to Hong Kong.\n\nA meeting took place in the Commissioner of Police's office attended by the Commissioner and Director of Criminal Investigation with five representatives of some 60,000 members of Triad Societies in order to gain the latter over to the side of law and order. Information had been received of a plot for the mass murder of Europeans originally fixed to take place at 03.00 hours on the 11th. Co-operation of the Triad Societies was won as a result of this conference.\n\nP.S.A.25 Gowans brought the crew of the Swedish Steamer \"Ning Po\" up to Central when they landed after scuttling their ship.\n\nSecond Assistant Superintendent of Police, Kowloon, evacuated by the last ferry from the Vehicular Ferry wharf and reported at Police Headquarters. No.2 launch towed a lighter containing 500 bags of rice across to Hong Kong.\n\nOn hearing revolver shots, the Assistant Superintendent of Police, Kowloon, visited the Kowloon Godowns with Lieut. Forsyte and some Indian troops who had arrived half an hour before. He discovered that godown coolies were removing rice from the Godowns. No action was taken in view of the approach of the enemy and desirability that as little food as possible should fall into their hands.\n\nNo.3 Launch proceeded to Kowloon Docks to pick up a party reported stranded there. The launch waited until 02.15 but did not locate them so continued on patrol on the North side of Kowloon Bay up to Yau Tong Bay, clearing launches over to Hong Kong. (Note: After the evacuation of Kowloon all Water Police Europeans on Harbour launch duty performed ordinary land duty at various stations.)\n\nNo.1 Launch evacuated Police under the Assistant Superintendent of Police, Kowloon from the Star Ferry barricade after the latter had handed over to the Military.\n\nShots were heard coming from the direction of Caine Road. This was investigated by the Unit with no result. It was probably Police firing at unshaded lights as Sub Inspector Fell, the Officer in charge, himself had to ... in Hollywood Road.\n\nMount Davis and Kennedy Town were bombed. Severe\n\nPage 40\n\nPage 41", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-592-4 Reports on current situation- Police 14-11-1945 - 1-7-1946.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 579708, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-592-8 Future Policy in Hong Kong 1-1-1945 - 26-11-1945", "page_number": 65, "title": "CO129-592-8 Future Policy in Hong Kong 1-1-1945 - 26-11-1945", "content_text": "Shanghai Evening Post & Mercury, August 1, 1945.\n\nAS A BRITON SEES IT\n\nTHE FUTURE OF HONGKONG--British Interests and Claims\n\nBy H.G.W. Woodhead, C.B.E.\n\n65-6\n\nAt the Cairo Conference, at which President Roosevelt, General Chiang Kai-shek, and Mr. Winston Churchill were present, the British Prime Minister made it quite clear that there was no question of Britain's waiving her claims to the recovery of the British Crown Colony of Hongkong. It must have come as a serious shock to members of the British Government when news dispatches from Chungking stated that Chinese troops were facing for Hongkong to occupy it before the British could get there. To put it mildly, such action on the part of the Chinese Government could hardly be regarded as a friendly act to an Ally who had played a major role in the defeat of the Japanese Empire. There are, of course, some circles in this country who would not be sorry to see a clash between China and Great Britain on this issue. There are others, not actually malicious, whose inconsistencies in commenting on British claims to Hongkong have come perilously near hypocrisy. To these it is not imperialistic for America to retain permanent occupation of a number of Pacific Islands--some of them formerly possessed by Britain, Australia, France, Holland, and Portugal; or for the U.S.S.R. to regain possession of Port Arthur, and a large portion of the Tsarist regime's privileges in Manchuria, part of which were wrested from Russia by Japan, and the other portion theatrically renounced as the fruits of aggression and exploitation, between 1919 and 1924. But it is imperialistic and immoral for the British Empire to reoccupy a Colony which it has administered with strikingly successful results for over a century.\n\nThe issue is dormant for the moment, General Chiang Kai-shek having avoided the flux plus which he was alleged to have contemplated, and the Chinese Government having openly admitted that even if Chinese troops were the first to enter the British Colony, they would only do so to hold it until the British returned. Moreover, under orders from the Supreme Commander for the Allied Forces, the Japanese are to surrender Hongkong direct to Rear Admiral C.H.J. Harcourt of the British Navy. The future of Hongkong will remain a question for discussion between Great Britain and China. I do not for a moment believe that the British Government will agree to any third Power participation in any discussions on this subject.\n\nMost Chinese criticisms of the British reoccupation of Hongkong have been anonymous. Mysterious \"Chinese circles\" are credited with stating that they are determined not to return if the British retain the Colony. Obviously there must be transient residents, for if they were domiciled in Hongkong they would not be Chinese, but British, nationals. Occasionally some critic comes into the open. Dr. B.A. Liu, for example, addressing the Shanghai Tiffin Club, likened \"a prospective British return to Hongkong to occupation of Manhattan by a foreign Power.\" I am afraid the logic of this argument is rather weak, unless one may also assume that for the Chinese to take over Hongkong would be like taking away Manhattan from the British Empire. Anyhow, there is no comparison between Hongkong and Manhattan. A treeless, pirate-infested, unhealthy island, annexed to the British Crown in 1841, was under British administration and control developed into one of the world's major ports. Its administration may not have been perfect, but it was admittedly far ahead of that of any port under purely Chinese control. I say admittedly, for did not the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen, on one of his last visits to the Colony inquire \"how it was that foreigners, that Englishmen, could do so much as they had done, for example, with the barren rock of Hongkong within seventy or eighty years, while in four thousand years China has no place like Hongkong?,\" and advise his fellow countrymen--not to grab it back but--to \"carry this English example of good government to every part of China?\"\n\nHongkong has never been selfishly administered. From the date of its first Charter it was an open and a free port, available without discrimination to the trade and shipping of the whole world, and thus, as an American Official Commercial Handbook put it, occupying a position in the world's trade that was unique and without parallel. The population of the Colony enjoyed every form of freedom--other than open sedition--during years when China was driven by internal strife, and to many it was the only place off the China coast where they could reside free from persecution or oppression. It never became an important industrial centre--if one excludes ship-building, cement manufacture, and sugar-refining--the main efforts of the Government and community being concentrated upon developing it as a great trans-shipment and communications centre, where railways, air services, and ocean-going steamship lines met. If Hongkong and other British ports in Asia had applied the same shipping restrictions as were enforced in American possessions, not a single Dollar Liner...\n\n+1", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-592-8 Future Policy in Hong Kong 1-1-1945 - 26-11-1945.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 582648, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-595-9 The British Military Administration of Hong Kong- report- 1946 11-7-1946 - 2-9-1946", "page_number": 97, "title": "CO129-595-9 The British Military Administration of Hong Kong- report- 1946 11-7-1946 - 2-9-1946", "content_text": "10 \n\n137 \n\nThe stock of pre-war records were found intact, and it is now possible to maintain a broadcasting service at a reasonable level of general entertainment value. Three News Bulletins are broadcast daily.\n\nThe amount of sets in operation are at present unknown, but it is estimated that this programme is chiefly listened to by members of the Services. Four News \n\n**(b) Chinese Broadcast.** This forms the main instrument through which the Chinese in Hongkong can be reached. Bulletins in Cantonese and Mandarin are broadcast daily. This transmitter is also used one hour daily for a broadcast in Hindustani, which includes one news bulletin.\n\n**(c) Short-wave Broadcast.** The equipment is in extremely poor condition. Not until this state of affairs is remedied will this programme be able to again take its place as the principal British short-wave station operating in this part of the world. The main necessity is the setting up of a short wave transmitter of not less than 10 kilowatts. The value of the station to shipping, air services, cultural relations with China, propaganda and entertainment, warrants the expenditure.\n\n## 10. PUBLIC RELATIONS\n\n**(a) Press.** This section has been under the S.O.2 Psychological Warfare Department. Articles and notices relating to the policy of the Administration have been issued at a daily Press Conference and guidance has been given on the general line to be taken with regard to news. The press, both English and Chinese, has been most cooperative. There are three English and seven Chinese newspapers published at the", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-595-9 The British Military Administration of Hong Kong- report- 1946 11-7-1946 - 2-9-1946.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 589840, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-609-5 Future policy- Press accounts of Chinese unrest over Kowloon evictions 19-1-1948 - 16-3-1948", "page_number": 85, "title": "CO129-609-5 Future policy- Press accounts of Chinese unrest over Kowloon evictions 19-1-1948 - 16-3-1948", "content_text": "Daily Herald\n\n7.\n\n17 JAN 1948\n\nCHINA ORDERS: 'STOP ANTI-BRITISH RIOTS'\n\nWOMEN FLY OUT OF BURNING ISLE\n\nAIR-LINE TO RESCUE\n\nGuard is clamped on consulates\n\nAS 100 British women and children prepared to fly out of a riot-stricken island suburb of Canton last night, China's Prime Minister, General Chang Chun, warned all his officials: \"Anti-British riots must stop.\"\n\nHe wired all provincial and municipal authorities throughout China to put down with the utmost severity all attempts to stage demonstrations \"on any pretext whatsoever.\"\n\nSpecial measures must be taken at once, he said, to protect British Consulates and British property. Chinese officials would be held personally responsible for any negligence.\n\nAt the same time, the General offered Britain his regrets for the burning by rioters of the British Consulate and other British-owned buildings on Shameen Island, Canton, yesterday.\n\nBut arrangements to fly British women and children off Shameen Island at dawn today were still in force last night.\n\nHong Kong Airways, a subsidiary of B.O.A.C., is to divert all its planes from the Hong Kong-Canton service, started only last Saturday, to carry out the evacuation.\n\nA rescue plane took off the first load of 20 women and children early this morning.\n\nOver bridges\n\nAt the time the decision to evacuate was made, there were fears of further anti-British demonstrations throughout China. Although yesterday's riots centred in Canton, their cause lies 90 miles away, in the old city of Kowloon, on the mainland opposite British-held Hong Kong island.\n\nPossession of Kowloon has long been contended between the British and Chinese. The dispute flared up again recently when the British authorities jailed two Chinese \"squatters\" for resisting eviction from a section condemned as a danger to public health.\n\nYesterday's riots followed announcement that the Chinese Government had protested to Britain about the eviction.\n\nThousands of rioters crossed two bridges from Canton to the foreign section on Shameen Island.\n\nHomes fired\n\nScreaming and dancing, they fired the Consulate and piled furniture and papers on the flames.\n\nThen they burned the homes of the Consul-General, Mr. R. Hall, and the Press Attaché.\n\nSeveral other British-owned buildings, including a bank, shipping offices and a news agency bureau, were badly damaged.\n\nThree hours after the rioting had died down, fire brigades and police arrived and the crowd was driven off the island.\n\nBritain's Ambassador, Sir Ralph Skrine Stevenson, protested to General Chang Chun at once, to learn that the General had already acted.\n\nA formula\n\nA formula for the solution of the Kowloon situation was believed to have been found at a conference last night between the British Ambassador and the Chinese Foreign Minister, Dr. Wang Shih-chieh.\n\nThe Colonial Office stated last night: \"The eviction has been grossly distorted.\n\n\"A small number of 'squatters' was evicted because their huts had no proper sanitary facilities and constituted a grave fire risk. The huts were not pulled down until the people living in them had been offered alternative accommodation.\"", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-609-5 Future policy- Press accounts of Chinese unrest over Kowloon evictions 19-1-1948 - 16-3-1948.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 589899, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-609-6 Future policy- Reuters reports on situation regarding Kowloon evictions 1-1-1948 - 31-12-1948", "page_number": 46, "title": "CO129-609-6 Future policy- Reuters reports on situation regarding Kowloon evictions 1-1-1948 - 31-12-1948", "content_text": "CHINA\n\nRIOTS 1 (ROUNDUP)\n\nCHINA \"REGRETS\" ANTI-BRITISH RIOTS IN CANTON\n\nTHE CHINESE GOVERNMENT EXPRESSED \"REGRET\" TONIGHT FOR ANTI-BRITISH RIOTING IN CANTON, COMMERCIAL CAPITAL OF THE SOUTH CHINA MAINLAND, WHERE AN ANGRY CHINESE CROWD BURNED DOWN THE BRITISH CONSULATE AND OTHER BUILDINGS TODAY IN THE CITY'S WORST ANTI-BRITISH DEMONSTRATIONS, A REUTER NANKING DESPATCH REPORTED.\n\nTHE BRITISH EMBASSY AT NANKING HAD MADE AN IMMEDIATE PROTEST TO THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT ON THE INCIDENTS.\n\nEVACUATION OF BRITISH RESIDENTS FROM CANTON, WHERE THE FOREIGN, MOSTLY BRITISH AND AMERICAN COMMUNITY NUMBERS 158, IS TO BEGIN BY AIR TOMORROW, IT WAS RELIABLY LEARNED IN HONG KONG.\n\nSHAMEEN, THE CANTON QUARTER WHERE THE RIOTS OCCURRED, HAS MEANWHILE BEEN PLACED UNDER MARTIAL LAW.\n\nTHE CHINESE VICE-MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, MR GEORGE YEH, EXPRESSING HIS \"REGRET\" TONIGHT, SAID THE FOREIGN OFFICE WAS AWAITING A FULLER REPORT OF THE INCIDENT. THE BRITISH AMBASSADOR, SIR RALPH STEVENSON, HAD TOLD HIM, HE SAID, THAT THE CONSULATE STAFF WERE SAFE AND THE SITUATION THERE WAS \"UNDER CONTROL.\"\n\nSEVERAL THOUSAND CHINESE DEMONSTRATORS WHO FIRED THE BRITISH CONSULATE IN CANTON ALSO BURNED THE HOUSE OF THE BRITISH CONSUL-GENERAL AND THE OFFICES OF A WELL-KNOWN CHINA COAST SHIPPING FIRM, BUTTERFIELD AND SWIRE, IN WHICH THE BRITISH INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, DEACON AND COMPANY, AND REUTERS WERE HOUSED, A REUTER DESPATCH FROM CANTON SAID. REUTER MF 1908\n\nCHINA\n\nRIOTS 2 (ROUNDUP-UNDATED)\n\nTHE VICE-CONSUL, MR J.K. BLACKWELL, WAS SLIGHTLY HURT.\n\nTHE ATTACKS WERE BELIEVED PART OF ANTI-BRITISH DEMONSTRATIONS WHICH FOLLOWED AN ANNOUNCEMENT THAT THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT HAD PROTESTED TO BRITAIN AGAINST PRISON SENTENCES IMPOSED ON TWO CHINESE IN THE BRITISH COLONY OF HONG KONG, 90 MILES FROM CANTON, WHO WERE CHARGED WITH RESISTING POLICE WHILE EVACUATING CHINESE FROM BUILDINGS IN THE OLD CITY OF KOWLOON, CONDEMNED FOR PUBLIC HEALTH REASONS.\n\nIN HONG KONG ITSELF, A REUTER DESPATCH SAID, THE GOVERNOR, SIR ALEXANDER GRANTHAM, TONIGHT DENIED LOCAL REPORTS THAT A BRITISH WARSHIP WAS BEING SENT FROM THE COLONY TO CANTON.\n\nTHE CHINESE MAGISTRATE OF THE DISTRICT ADJOINING HONG KONG'S MAINLAND TERRITORIES SAID HE INTENDED TO STAGE A DEMONSTRATION ON THE BORDER TONIGHT.\n\nTHE POSSIBILITY OF DEMONSTRATORS ENTERING BRITISH TERRITORY WAS FORESEEN AND HONG KONG POLICE WERE DEPLOYED TO MEET ANY EVENTUALITY. IN KOWLOON, THE SITUATION WAS CALM. REUTER MF 1910\n\nCHINA\n\nRIOTS 3 (ROUNDUP-UNDATED)\n\nA FORMULA FOR THE SOLUTION OF THE KOWLOON EVICTION DISPUTE WAS BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN FOUND AT A CONFERENCE LAST NIGHT BETWEEN THE BRITISH AMBASSADOR TO CHINA AND THE CHINESE FOREIGN MINISTER, DR. WANG SHIH-CHIEH, ACCORDING TO A CHINESE CENTRAL NEWS AGENCY REPORT. THE PLAN WAS BEING STUDIED BY BOTH GOVERNMENTS, THE REPORT SAID.\n\nTHREE HOURS AFTER TODAY'S CANTON RIOTING ENDED, POLICE AND FIRE BRIGADES ARRIVED AND THE CHINESE CROWD WAS DISPERSED. EVERYTHING WAS THEN REPORTED QUIET, BUT THE FOREIGN COMMUNITY REMAINED INDOORS.\n\nLOCAL AUTHORITIES SENT A SPECIAL POLICE DETACHMENT TO GUARD THE BRITISH CONSULATE COMPOUND AFTER A REQUEST FOR PROTECTION. REUTER MF 1913\n\n46", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-609-6 Future policy- Reuters reports on situation regarding Kowloon evictions 1-1-1948 - 31-12-1948.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 593596, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-615-5 Harbour craft used by Hong Kong Government- financial arrangements 11-1-1949 - 27-1-1950", "page_number": 27, "title": "CO129-615-5 Harbour craft used by Hong Kong Government- financial arrangements 11-1-1949 - 27-1-1950", "content_text": "## Enclosure to \n27 TALOGPA Saiq.\n\n**Wyoming Governor, Hong Kong**\n\nTo: Secretary of State (723)\n\nReplied: Conference, Hong Kong (821)\n\nC-in-C, B.P. 7 (322)\n\nDate: 18.4...\n\n### 0.7. Small Craft\n\nAccording to the terms of Admiralty letter `/s.VP./.2.1?7/45` of 17th August 1945, they accepted and placed on C-in-C East Indies responsibility for provision of our requirements of all craft.\n\nAs per para. 8(a), Their Lordships advised to deliver the craft in the area. The total number involved was 100. Responsibility was later transferred to C-in-C B.P.7 by Admiralty letter of same reference of 25th September.\n\n2. A table of local commissions and practicability of shipping craft to Hong Kong was made, committing to a minimum requirement of 72 craft. Arrangements were made by `Val(Q)` Sydney to supply from Australia. So far, 16 have been received; a further 10 gave recently arrived on `EMPIRE PHARMATE`.\n\n3. In view of scarcity or heavy lift ships, which entails delay in lifting craft, and dispersal of B.P. 7 base in Stoney, it was necessary to arrange for storage of a number of craft with civilian caretakers. See Admiralty signal to (2) Stoney DG 052010 April.\n\nThe question then arose as to financial responsibility for caretaking arrangements. Our interpretation of para. 1 of Admiralty signal referred to was that terms and conditions remained in force, including those for delivery to civil authorities, and that Admiralty accepted financial responsibility as a natural corollary of their responsibility to supply and ship. An opposite view, however, was taken by VA(1), but pending decision, arrangements for storage were made, and 19 craft were stored with Mercier Dickinson at Sydney at a cost of A£1000 for installation plus 20 per week per craft.\n\nBarrior Pearson have now presented Reeve with a bill for £1365 in respect of charges to June 30th, and the question has become urgent. With the present heavy lift program, it appears likely that craft will remain in storage for a very considerable period, and the final account may be heavy.\n\n6. Of the remainder, we understand 13 are being stored in naval yards, and 20 POL's are being supplied by the Minister of Transport, as all 34 ROD's have been handed over to them before our requirements were known. It is not known yet what arrangements have been made for these.\n\n7. Grateful you approach Admiralty on this matter and present our point of view. Please press for an early decision.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-615-5 Harbour craft used by Hong Kong Government- financial arrangements 11-1-1949 - 27-1-1950.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 594940, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-619-1 Parliamentary delegation to China 1-9-1947 - 23-12-1947", "page_number": 15, "title": "CO129-619-1 Parliamentary delegation to China 1-9-1947 - 23-12-1947", "content_text": "# Parliamentary Delegation to China\n\nFive of the six members of the recent Parliamentary Delegation to China (Lord Amulree and Messrs. Roberts, Harrison, McLeavy and Lindsay), were present at a Meeting held at the Foreign Office at 3.30 p.m. on the 16th December, Mr. Mayhew being in the chair. The following were also present: Mr. Dening, Messrs. Scarlett, Scott and Coates (China Department), Messrs. Murray and McDonald (Far Eastern Information Department), Mr. B.C. MacDermot (Cultural Relations Department), Mr. Chataway (Board of Trade), Miss Loughnane (Treasury), Mrs. Monck (Export Promotion Department), Major-General Money (Ministry of Transport), and Mr. Wallace (Colonial Office).\n\nMr. Mayhew explained that the political aspects of the Delegation's tour were discussed when the Delegation were received by the Prime Minister, and that the present Meeting had been called to discuss any non-political matters arising out of the tour. The following were the major points raised in the ensuing discussion.\n\n## COMMERCIAL TREATY\n\nMr. Lindsay stated that at every press conference during the tour the Delegation had been asked the reason for the delay in the conclusion of this treaty. The Chinese felt that there was some sinister motive behind the delay, and that to expedite the conclusion of the treaty would engender good-will. Mr. Harrison said that he had that afternoon, after a lunch at the Anglo-Chinese Chamber of Commerce, put down a Question on the Order Paper on the subject. In reply to a question by Mr. Dening, the Delegation agreed that British merchants in China had not pressed the Delegation for an early treaty, and that such pressure had come from the Chinese. Mr. Scott explained that the delay had been caused by the absorption of the Board of Trade's commercial treaty experts on International Trade Organisation work, but that it was hoped in the near future to send their revised draft of the treaty to His Majesty's Ambassador at Nanking for his comments. Mr. Scott suggested that the question might perhaps come better after these comments had been received, and that it would do no harm to keep the Chinese guessing as to our motives in delaying the dispatch of a reply to the Chinese counter-draft of the treaty. Mr. Harrison did not comment on this suggestion.\n\n## TRADE MISSION REPORT\n\nThe Delegation thought the reason which had been given for the delay in the appearance of the report, namely, difficulties in binding, was rather weak.\n\n## TRADE\n\nIn reply to a question by Mrs. Monck, Mr. Lindsay said that British merchants were very dissatisfied with the size of the import quotas allowed them. Mr. Roberts felt that as China's main exports were bulky ones, an increase in railway facilities and shipping services was necessary if China was to increase her exports. (Lord Amulree thought this impossible as long as the civil war lasted). He had heard that soya beans and wheat were available for export in Communist-controlled Manchuria, which... \n\nPage 15", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-619-1 Parliamentary delegation to China 1-9-1947 - 23-12-1947.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 597227, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-624-11 Finances- financial settlement 1-1-1950 - 30-6-1950", "page_number": 27, "title": "CO129-624-11 Finances- financial settlement 1-1-1950 - 30-6-1950", "content_text": "G.R.\n\nCOPY\n\nRef: 250/15\n\nDear Haigh,\n\nMINISTRY OF TRANSPORT Far Eastern Regional Office,\n\nSingapore.\n\n24\n\n215, 2nd Floor, Fullerton Building, Singapore.\n\n17th April, 1950.\n\nYou will recall the report I was asked to prepare in the summer of 1947 about the claims made against the Hongkong Government arising from 1941 requisitions (and denial sinkings) of merchant ships and small craft. I summarised the then known claims and pointed out those for which there appeared to be a legal liability on the Hongkong Government, whether or not the ultimate burdens were borne exclusively by them or not.\n\nAlthough I do not have the papers with me here (in Singapore), I clearly remember saying that I thought it would certainly lead to Court cases, if the Hongkong Government failed to pay the owners of requisitioned ships. That prophesy has come true; Deacon & Co., the leading firm of Solicitors here, has started actions against the Government on behalf of the shipowners concerned. Moreover the Government were, I believe, pressed hard on the subject in the Legislative Council during the debate on the Budget, which took place shortly before I arrived here a week ago.\n\nI am informed that the Financial Secretary, Follows, is to attend a conference in London in the very near future on the subject of compensation claims, in which the shipping claims will play a prominent part. The conference will also be attended by Nicols, the Colonial Secretary, who happens to be home on leave.\n\nYou may know all about this already, but, if not, I think you should be in the picture. My report has been taken out of a forgotten file and sent once more to London in preparation.\n\nI asked whether the Colonial Secretariat wanted any further talks with me on the subject of these claims, but we decided there was nothing I could add to what I had said last time. As regards the claims themselves, there does not appear at present any pressure behind those for small craft, but I have no doubt that the successful settlement of the large claims would awaken a host of small ones.\n\nIn Malaya it has now definitely been decided, I understand, to include denial action sinkings as part of \"war damage\" and compensation will be granted in accordance with the general war damage scheme, now at last in operation.\n\nYours sincerely,\n\n(Sgd.) E.M. Whitty\n\nfor D. F. ALLEN in Hongkong\n\nMinistry of Transport Representative for Far East.\n\nD. Haigh, Esq.\n\n> \n\nMinistry of Transport,\n\nBerkeley Square House.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-624-11 Finances- financial settlement 1-1-1950 - 30-6-1950.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 597415, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-624-14 Finances- relief stores- Hangover stores and Siamese free rice 1-7-1948 - 31-12-1951", "page_number": 56, "title": "CO129-624-14 Finances- relief stores- Hangover stores and Siamese free rice 1-7-1948 - 31-12-1951", "content_text": "Tel. No: WHItehall 9400\n\nNATION\n\nFOR DIS\n\nSCHEME\n\nMEN\n\nB.M./6108 (F.1.)\n\nTHE WAR OFFICE,\n\nLONDON, S.W.1.\n\nMay, 1950\n\nDear Fairclough,\n\nHong Kong Financial Conference\n\nAt the meeting held at the Colonial Office on 3rd May, 1950, it was agreed that copies of the relevant War Office lists of stores should be sent to Hong Kong, and I agree to provide the lists in question.\n\nI now enclose four copies of the lists of civil affairs stores to the value of £4,175,251 8s. 5d. put into Hong Kong up to the cut-off date. As stated at the meeting these lists were compiled from shipping documents relating to despatch and we have no other information in the way of stores received or of their ultimate disposal on arrival at Hong Kong.\n\nYours sincerely,\n\nYou will ... the lists ... Mac ... could get authority to photostat, aiming to ...\n\nA. J. Fairclough, Esq.,\n\nColonial Office,\n\nThe Church House,\n\nGreat Smith Street,\n\nS.W.1.\n\n...\n\nPage 15\n\n54", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-624-14 Finances- relief stores- Hangover stores and Siamese free rice 1-7-1948 - 31-12-1951.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 } ]