[
    {
        "id": 217063,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-002 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "page_number": 271,
        "title": "CO129-002 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "content_text": "\nTHE FRIEND OF CHIN, AND HONG-KONG GAZETTE. \n\nCorresponding to lo., \n\nCorresponding to No, \n\nTHE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZETTE \n\nCorresponding to No. \n\nin Alphabetical, i, e. \n\nEnglish List \n\nbroken Class XVI--All new goods imported, which it has not been practicable to include herein. 5 per cent. að valoren. \n\nClass XVII-All forsign rice, and other grain, Duty Free \n\nSHIPPING DUES THESE bave hitherto been charged upon the measurement of the Ships || length and breadth, at so much per change but it is now agreed to alter the System, and charged according to the registeed statement of the number of tons of Carga the Ship may carry. On each ten (reckoned equal to the cubic contents of 122 tow,) a Shipping charge of 5 Mars is to be levied: and all the old charges of measurement, entrance and port clearance fees, daily and Monthly ices. &ro., are to be abolished \n\nTaowkwang, 33rd year, 8th Month. day. (July \n\nL. S. \n\nI.. S. \n\nof \n\nol \n\nthe Supt. \n\nGuy.Genl. \n\nel the \n\nTwo Kwang \n\nCasures \n\nL. 5. \n\nरहने \n\nHigh \n\nCavathis. Funer \n\n1849.) \n\nL. 8. ไม่ \n\nGovernor \n\nCanton \n\nin Alphabetical i, e. \n\nin Alphabetical e, \n\nEnglish Last \n\nEnglish List. \n\nRattan ware, rattan and bamboo work Sandal-wood ware \n\nClass IV-Importel Sundries. \n\nتھ \n\nWints \n\nGold and Silver ware, formerly divided into \n\nMother of Peart shells \n\nBullock's and Ruffalo's Horns Cow and Ox hides, tanned and untanned \n\nClass XV Fraported Skins, Teeth, Horns, &c. \n\nSea otter skins \n\nGold ware, and Silver ware \n\nTortoise shell ware \n\nClass V-Imported Dried Meats, &c. \n\nARTICLES. \n\nFox skras, larve and small \n\nLeather Trunks and Boxes \n\nClass VII-Exported Woods. Cares, &c. Canes or walking sticks of all kinds \n\nBird's nests, 1st quality cleaned Bird's nest 2nd quality, good middling \n\ndo., uncleanci 3rd Bicho de Mar 1st do, black 2nd do,, white \n\nTiger, Leopard, sad Martin skins Land Otter, Racoon, and Shark skius Beaver skine \n\nRD \n\nD \n\nARTICLES. \n\nHare, Rabbit, and Ermine skine \n\n+1; \n\nSea Horm Tued) \n\nClass VIII-Exported articles of Clothing, Wearing apparel, whether of Cotton, woollen, or silk, formerly divided into Cotton clothing. Woollén do., Silk and Sutin do,, and Velvet do, Boots and Shoes, whether of leather Satin, or \n\notherwise \n\nElephant's Teeth, 1st quality, whole \n\nShark's as, 1st dn, white 2ud do, black \n\nJ7 \n\nStock Gsh and dried fish \n\nFish: maws, not formerly in the Tariff \n\nClass VI.--Imported Painter's Stores. \n\nClass IX-Erported fabrics of Cotton, &c. Grass Cloth, and all Cloths of hemp of linen Nankeen, and all Cloths of Cotton (not formerly \n\nin the Tarif \n\nCochineal Smalis \n\n1+ \n\nSapan Wood \n\nClass VII.--Impuried Woods, Canes, &c. \n\nClass X—Exported Silk, fabrics of Silk, 42- \n\nRattans Ebony \n\nRaw Silk, of any province \n\nCoarse or Refuse of Silk \n\nOrganzine of all kinds \n\nAll other imported woods-as red wood, satin wood, yellow wood, &c., not included in the Tarif, 10 per cent, ad valorem. \n\nSilk Ribbon and Thread \n\nSilk and Satin Fabrics of all kinds, as crap, \n\nClass VIII-laporied Clocks, Watches, and Trinketry. \n\nlutestrings, &c,, &c., &c, formerly classed as silks and satins \n\nClocks Watches \n\n+3 \n\nA \n\nSilk and Cotton mixed fabrics \n\nTelescopes \n\nHeretofore a further charge per piece, has been levied, the whole duty is now to be paid in one sum, and the further charge is abolished. \n\nGlass panes, and glass and crystal ware of all kinds \n\nARTICLES. \n\nWriting Deska \n\nClass XI-Exported Carpeting, Matting, &c. Mats of all kinds, as of straw, rattan, bamboo, &c. &c. 35 \n\nDressing Cases \n\nS \n\nJewellery of Gold and Silver, \n\nCutlery, Swords, &c, \n\nClass XII-Exported Preserves, fc. \n\nARTICLES. Preserved ginger and fruits of all kinds \n\nA \n\nSov \n\n} \n\nof the sanie description, 5 per cent, od valorem. \n\nAll the foregoing, and any other miscellanore unticles \n\nClass IX-Guki and Sitzer Bullion, and Sperae. Duty Free \n\nSugar Candy, all kinds \n\nTobacco, prepared and unprepared &c., &út, of \n\nall kinds \n\nClass XIII-All that it has not been practicable herein to include are to be charged an ad colorem duty of five per cent. Class XIV.--Gold and Silver Coin, and Gold and Silver. \n\nDuty Free. \n\nClasss XV-Bricks, Tiles, and building Materials. \n\nDuty Free, \n\nClass L-Imported Oilman's Stores, de \n\nARTICLES. \n\nCorresponding to No. \n\nin Alphabetini & \n\nEnglish List. \n\nWax, Bee's wax Rose Malves \n\nCambrics and Masting \n\nCotton yarn, and Cotton thread \n\nLinen-fine-not formely in the Tariff \n\nBanting \n\nAll other imported articles of this class, as ginghams, pul- licates, dyed cottons, velveteens silk and citon mixtu rea, course linen, and mixtures of cotton and linen, &c. &c. & per cent. al calorem. \n\nCuss X---Imported Cotton, fubrics of Collen, fr., §c. \n\nCanvas Corton \n\nLug Cloth, white, formerly divided into superior and \n\ninferior fine Cotton cloth \n\nCottons, grey, or unbleached, domestic, &ce, formerly \n\nclassed as coarse long cloth \n\nTwilled Cottons, grey \n\nChintz and Prints, of all kinds \n\nClass XI-Imported fabrics of Woollen, Niik, de, de. \n\nSaltpetre, to be sold only to the licensed Agents of the \n\nGovernment \n\nHandkerchiefs, large \n\nSubult \n\nSoap. \n\nGold and Silver thread, superior or real \n\ninferior, or imitation \n\nClass II-Imported Spices, and Perfumes. \n\nBrond Cloth, Spanish Stripes, &c. \n\n+7 \n\nGum Benzoin and Oil of ditto \n\nNarrow Clotis, as Long Eds, Cusemneres, &e., de. \n\nSandal Wood \n\nARTICLES. \n\nPepper \n\nAll other articles of this Class not included in the Tarifl \n\ntu pay an all calorem duty of Ten por cont. \n\nPerfumery \n\nClass III--- Imported Drugs. \n\nCamlets (Dutch) \n\nCamlets \n\nImitation Camiots or bombazettes \n\n5 per cent. \n\nWoollen yara \n\nSP \n\nBlankets \n\n4.7 \n\nAll oder fabrics of wood or of mixed wool and silk, \n\nAssaftetia \n\nwool and cotton. &c. & per cent, að caboreza. \n\nCamphor Barbos (or Maley,) 1st quality, or cleaned; \n\nformerly classed as good, and inferior, Camphor, \n\nClass Xil--Laportet Finca, Preserves, Spirita &c. Wine and Beer, in quart bottles \n\nC \n\nCloves, 1st quality (pieked) \n\n2nd quality, refisse; formerly classed as uncleaned Camphor \n\nin pint bottles in cask \n\nG \n\nand quality (Mother Cloves) \n\nClass XIII, Importal Metals. \n\nARTICLES. \n\nCow Bezour \n\nCutch \n\nGambier \n\nCopper, manfiretured as in pigs, \n\nBanufactured as in sheets, rods &c. \n\nBetch out \n\nIron, comanufactured as in pigs. \n\nGinseng, 1st quality or Cleaner \n\nmanufactured as in bars, rods &c. \n\n2nd \n\ndo., refuse or Ginseng beard \n\nLead, in pigs, or manufactured \n\nGom Olibarni \n\nStoel, unanufactured \n\nTin \n\nMyrrh \n\nMace, or Flower of Nutmeg \n\nTin plates, not formerly in the Tarift \n\nMercury, or Quicksilver \n\nNutmegs, 1st quality or Cleaned \n\nZud \n\ndo., uncleaned \n\nPutchuch Rhinocero's Horns \n\nAll other metals as zinc, yellow copper, &c., not \n\nherein mumerated, 10 per cent. at walorem, \n\nRI \n\nClass XI Imparted Jewellery. \n\nARTICLES. \n\nCornelians \n\nCornelian Beads \n\n(A une abstract-reference mumbers to the Alphabetic List bung in- serted in place of the amounts of duty, those amounts having boon carefully compared and found correct.) \n\n(Signed) \n\n(True Copy) \n\nJ. ROBT. MORRISON, Chinese Secretary & Interpreter. RICHARD WOOSNĀM, \n\nNOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS. \n\nTo insure insertion, Advertisements ought to be sent to the Office on Toeslag hut unae can be received after 12 noon on Wednesday, \n\nAll extra Copies of our puper ordered at the Office, and not paid Cash, are charged to accounts one Rupee \n\nAny Subscriber who does not receive his paper on Thursday will please complain at the Office, as every Subscriber's repy is regularly sent off, and it is only by Complaints being made, that the Publisher can correct the irregularity. \n\nEVOLAND May \n\nLATEST DATES. \n\nUNITED Bras Apl. 15 CALORA July & \n\nBrommay \n\nSpray May IJ \n\nSINGAreas Argast 2 Jays July 29 MANILA Angus 15 Cresas Aver \n\n1.4 \n\n+; \n\nTHE FRIEND OF CHINA, AND HONG-KONG GAZETTE. \n\nVICTORIA, THURSDAY, Arever 21en, 1843. \n\nIx our last there was notified the appointment of COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND CLEANLI Ness, () hom whose labours we anticipato much benil to the sunitary condition of the town. \n\nWhen the Lands and Rods Committee was nominated some eighteen months since, we ventur- ed to say (File No. 2.) We would earnestly impress on a Committee, the necessity of framing same general Building Regulations for the Chinese, and which we dink are essentially necessary for their security and welfare. We would recommend the regulations to be framed so as to interfire no further with one's right to manage one's own pro- perty, than is necessary to protect the health of the community.\" \n\nChief Magistrate's Office, Victoria, Hongkong, July 14, 1843. \n\nThe duty on Tobacco in England is above 300 per Cent, and Lord Congleton states that three fourths of the Tobacco consumed in Ireland is believed to be supplied by Smugglers. Mr. Porter The following is again published by an- of the Board of Trade, proved before the Imports thority, for general information : \n\nBafy Committee in 1810, that 48 por Cent. of the It has been lately Notified by PROCLA whatever; and that the loss to the revene of French Silks imported into Egiand paid no duty MATION of the CHES MAGISTRATE, to the smuggled French brandy was estimated at Chinese Inhabitants of Hongkong, that be-2500000 a you. The Prerum on the illicit tween the hours of eight and ten P. M. atroduction of French goods into England was they are prohibited from being out of their 1831, for Gold triaketa, 6 to 10 par Cent. Silver, houses without lanthorns, and that after ten \n\n10 to 12; Silk gomis 29 to 25 per Cant., Tea 50 per Cent, and Spirits 80 per Cont. \n\n| o'clock P. M., and until daylight on the \n\nIn the same Report, is is stated that British following morning, no Chineso will, in fature Goods of the value of £2,000,000 were snuggled be permitted to go out, under any consider-ins France across the Belgia: frontier, besülés a ption, unless he can produce a pass in Eng-inge amount through the Channel ports. lish, specifying his object in being out at so On the Belgian frontier dags are trained to \n\nlate an hour. \n\nevoy the snuggled goods into France. Between 1820 to 1830 at fewer ton 40,279 sanggling A PROCLAMATION has also been issuedffcers, who receive thirea francs (48) for each. \n\ndogs were destroyed by the French Custom House prohibiting, under penalty of severe punish- In 1882 the cost of preventing struggling in unt, all Chinese Boats or Vessels, from England was truly enormous, and in that and the moving about the harbour after Gun-fire at following year there were captured on the Coast. aine o'clock P. A., and until Gm-fire at engaged in the contraband trade, 52 10ssels and day light on the following morning. \n\n385 bouts. The seizures in one half year were valued at £97.980. W. CAINE, CHIEF MAGISTRATE. \n\nAS OVERLAND MAIL to England ria Buhay, nee \"Petrell\" will be closed at this fee, on Friday, the 25th instant, at 3 P. M. \n\nA Mail for Singapore & Calcutta per \"City of Palaces\" will also be closed at 3 P. M, on Wednesday, \n\nthe 30th instani. \n\nPOST OFFICE, \n\nVictoria. 20 August, 1813. \n\nmiture what is now required, its acquaintance with the wants of the Colony satistics us that proper mea \n\nveronicat. \n\nStill we would recommend the tome- diate covering up of the fetid denine which now give forth the most deleterious minsara, \n\nLord Congleton (Inte Sir feary Parnell) in 1831, estimated the total anal cost of protecting the revenue at from £700,000 to £ 800,000. Then there were 116 persons under confinement. and 64 serving in the navy for smuggling offences. \n\nThe total charge for collecting and protecting the customs auf excise revenues of the Pnited Kingdon, was 22.300613 in the year 18-10. \n\nthe department of the customs was 11,000 and In 1885 the number of persons employed in the excise 6,079. \n\nin \n\nThe present Acts relating to Smuggling are the 3rd and 4th of William IV, Cap. 53, and Land & of Wiliam, Cap. 13. \n\nrefer to the Government Notification with We have only space to enable us to \n\nsures will be taken under the sanction of the Go-respect to Land. It is not such a one as many of our readers would export, still we think it is so far satisfactory, that we now know we shall soon be relieved from the distressing suspense which has for some time paralysed the Colony, \n\nIn London it was remarked that fever was con- startly engendered in localitics destitute of under- ground Swenge, and by a map of the Sowers it \n\nWe are not surprised at the wording of was shown by Dr Southwood Staith, that ons could correctly define the huts of the unhealthy districts Lord Stanley's despatch, socing that in the and accurately judge of the comparative Sanitary last Crown Colony which bad been esta- condition of the respective parts of the Metropolis.blished, New Zealand, there had been such flagrant and jobbing, and peculation by aithost every member of that colonial Go- vernom (vide No. 48.) \n\nThe FRIEND OF INDA states the gross receipts of the year, from the Opa monopoly to have been two millions sterling and adds this source of revenue is continued to Ludia for theen years more, the debt incurred in the war beyond the Indus will be wiped out.\" \n\nOur readers well know, that there does not exist even ususpicion, of similar couduct en the part of the officials here--this wo have often land occasion to say, us a valki argument for losing no longer truc, in giving the holders tiler to their lands, \n\nBy the Calcutta papers we learn that the Assam Tea Company is shipping the loaf of the Ten plant without first submitting it to any process The large powers which it is well known al' wamfacture, further than sun drying. It is are wisely confided to H. 1 (whose tho- thought by the Shippers that this Ten will, berough acquaintance with our best interests admitted at a lower duty than that from China, and whose sincere desire to promote them) it bong in an unmanufactured state. We think \n\nthis wholly unlikely, and after the liberal Taxir ads us to be quite sanguíne of a highly promulgated by the Chinese, it is not at all pro-satisfactory result. hable ministers would propose a reduction on any There was much delay, and as many kind or sort of Ten, which should not be equally doubts and misgivings abmit the Commer- applicable to Ten sent from hence, \n\ncial Treaty, as have ever existed with \n\nFrom a late publication of established authority, soon with respect to the former, that the respect to the Land Regulations. We have we have abriged an article en smuggling. His stated greatest cavillers have been gloriously Suugging is the clalestine ironcine of an agreeably disappointed by the promal- prohibited goods; or the illicit introduction of \n\ngoods by the evasion of the legal duties. Escos-gation of a Tariff of unprecedented' libera- sive duties present an overwhelming temptation lity and of immense national value. Henco to men to evade them; and the law loses a great we have every confidence that the final part of its moral influence when it first tempts adjustment of the Land Claims, and their * to the violation of it, and then pauishes the offence. \n\nfuture tenure, will afbrd as much satisfac- \n\nWe then thought \"regulations would have been nade as far as possible, conformable with,and minis- tering to, the convenience, wealth, and confort of the present and future residents of our new city.\" \n\nOn a later occasion (Fide No. 6) when the alleg.sively carried on, the smuggler is rather a popularredound as much to the honour of II. E., \n\ned unhealthmoss of Hong-Kong was a subject of nuimadversion in the English Papers we said (aud now we see no reason to after our opinions) Ma- eau is one of the healthicst towns in the world, and it is fully certain that when proper houses, barracks, cc., with the Sanitary Regulations which always obtain in an English town, Hongkong will lay claim, and justly, to even a superior salubrity\". \n\nIt is not to be wondered at, if with the many and great claims on the time of H. E, nothing has Hitherto been done. We need not inform the com- \n\n(*) This ride is not ungly chosen. Seving bow contingent halit te upor Cleanliness it word hoze auffierd, and it would have bees-we think mure correct to bare omitted and Glennlin, 295, ad ended it merely a C-unites or Board of Pobito Heath. At A tak dh a ta demquation of this very tertul b dy would ne have beci provocative, wit law is, of a gibe on a langu \n\nIn parts of a country where a free trade is extention to \n\nperson than otherwise in some countries; in Spain, still more thau in England. \n\nour little community, and will \n\nas will the announcement of the Commer We have only to examine the Tariff of any cial Treaty to his gratified countrymen country to know if smuggling is practised; and if abad system of commercial policy has been long \n\nat home. pursed, there the smuggler will be found. The exports to Gibraltar Rems England considerably exceed one million sterling, and are mostly jutes. duced by smugglers into the interior of Spain, besides some six to eight millions lbs. of Tobacco from the same British port. \n\nThe total ameamt of duties evaded in 1831 by the smuggling of French goods into the United Kingdom was estimated to execod £800,000 ex- clusive of Tobacco wiele cargoes of which aro enetics introduced from the French bonding wan homes int› Towinual. \n\nWo would refer the reader to our absact of the larnet Legislativo cunement wul regard Grow a Landu (the 5 ard oi Vieraţiu Cop. 36) we ihn guid, and still think, that Ant will be the basis of our future Land Regulations. Our opinion is forted by Goling Lord Stanley taking credit for the play therein seribel, and when she ulterius were enggested hesaid It was a system which he would be sorry to see inter fered with, or principle deparred front. His opinion was decidedly opposed to any soch course, as was proved by its introducing a Biž, which became an ret last session, which ex- pressly baried the Crown from interfering with the system. Vos Rapor ne na Braun og QuanYes Pricer's Poyanmar! S \n\nORION. Arest Byn. 1813. \n\n17 Aur Shiroing Nora ye, se He",
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    {
        "id": 217917,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-004 - Public Offices & Admiralty - 1843",
        "page_number": 198,
        "title": "CO129-004 - Public Offices & Admiralty - 1843",
        "content_text": "\nCour \n\nthat (ask ( [epper loin ) with be sold to \n\nany \n\nIndividual sequiiny it in Jun \n\nnot less 50 dollars, at the above mentioned \n\nrate, on asurer of Secretary of Her Majesty's Superintendent \n\nof Brade \n\napplication to the Tri \n\nIn this Proclamation the Bollar and the East Instia Company's rupee are correctly adjusted to each other, with referena to the pure Silver which thon Coins respec= - tively contain . \n\nIn order to determine what her 1200 cash (Copper coin) core properly dumed \n\nthe equivalent of a doller, it is necessary to advert to the monetury system and regulations of China. \n\nbe there all payments, in Gott and Selver are made by weight, of which weight the highest used in Money transactions \n\nis the sewing or Teil. A Mace is the tenth, a Jail, \n\na Cunclusion the tenth of \n\nLe \n\non tush, the tenth only Coin in \n\na illace, and of on \n\nThe of a land areen \n\ngeneral use, in China, is the de \n\nor leash, a smode piew of Case Metal, \n\npom \n\nformed a composition of lopper and twtenaque, \n\non one side of which is marked the name \n\nof the Emperor's reign in which it was \n\nThe reversi \n\nthe name of the \n\ni sind, \n\nand car \n\nplare where it was cust. \n\nIt appears to have been intended \n\nthat 1000 Le \n\ner leath should represent, and \n\nbe equnt to, om Tail weight of fine silver, but from the quantity of this Coin Howun into Circulation by the government, and the pawstutent importation of it prom ther plans, especially toshin China, it is so much depreciated that 1200 (@ 1500 Cash are given on gchange for a Jail weight \n\nIn a communication from \n\nin \n\n\" \n\nthe the Feueray of Johiin to the Emperor, m Your 1024, it is observed that it pus aleverys been the mule to pay the Militia in Corn, of the rate. \n\nof 1000 for a dout ofloor, \n\nin the Market, but now a Furt silver, \n\nWilson, \n\nA \n\nbeing worth 1240 token, they operiènie. serious less prom this when they & shamp then loon for silver, with a view to the new ready harus mission of their pat The comedy proposed by to sustance. \n\nwas that the Mint should \n\nThe Viceroy,",
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    {
        "id": 218007,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-004 - Public Offices & Admiralty - 1843",
        "page_number": 288,
        "title": "CO129-004 - Public Offices & Admiralty - 1843",
        "content_text": "\nRevenue of Sincifre in \n\n2. \n\nEnglish money \n\n@ 2! the Aupee, specifying the trees whence. \n\nit is drawn \n\n1839-40. \n\nAbshart of Civil Establishment at Sin. -capae, the salaries, fe converted into- \n\nEnglish morey 2/ the Aufer. \n\nFrom \n\nOpenm farmess Spirit farmers Seree \n\nдля \n\nToddy & Ga jo \n\nPawnbrokers \n\nChin's Coin \n\nque ens \n\n¿. Je \n\nCamfony glam \n\n2.11094 \n\nTransfer fees in Land office. 26 \n\nLand, sold on building Leaves, 1224 \n\nJudicial. Defartmeur. \n\n23,342 \n\n\"Reriocut. \n\nAssistant Chaplain \n\nlistist. Do \n\nSenior Surgem Assist. Hu \n\n£ 3,600. Per annua \n\n768 960 boo \n\n9.768 \n\nhod, Recaron a 18000 Dellan. \n\nGovernor's establishment. £.420 \n\n\"Resident Corneeller's do \n\nMedical Establiment \n\nFees & fines collected in the \n\ndifferent Countr \n\nPrilage, amount in ore year - \n\nmarine, for local paper - 46 \n\nClerical \n\nمو \n\nChinese Poor house \n\nPort Mice \n\n2.662 \n\nConcist Establishment \n\nJudicial thaw Defart: 2420 \n\nRevenue Do'ant \n\nb. \n\n26,004 \n\nMarive \n\nمو \n\nمجھ \n\n1.080 \n\n-7.295 \n\n21, 113",
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    },
    {
        "id": 218484,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-005 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1844",
        "page_number": 357,
        "title": "CO129-005 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1844",
        "content_text": "to one Orince) will. \n\npay \n\nInwardship Postage. \n\nOutwardship Postage. Inland Postage to Bombay \n\nRufices. Annas. Pics \n\n\"1 \n\nThat is ; Each letter as above ought to be charged bn Rupee and two Annas Indian Postage of which amount, One Rupee is to be credited to the Bengal Post biffice and two annas to the Bombay Post Officer \n\nThe increating Scale of the Indian Postages is shown in the Gazette before referred to: \n\nNewspapers not, exceeding \n\nJolahs weight pay \n\nSix \n\nOne Anna, inwards \n\nship Postage, and the same outwards besides Six Annas inland Postage from Calcutta to Bombay. Should the weight of the newspaper not exceed \n\n31⁄2 \n\n} \n\nT \n\n3/ Tolahs the ship Postage ( inwards and outwards) is the same but the inland \n\nPostage is only Three Annal. \n\nI send the Calcutta Gazette \n\ncontaining the Notifications of the Post Masters General of Calcutta and Kobay. \n\nHenry Pottinger \n\nGovernment House, Victoria, \n\n20th April, 1844. \n\n氧 \n\nA true Copy. \n\nRichard Woornan",
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    {
        "id": 218731,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "page_number": 57,
        "title": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "content_text": "Revenue of Sincapore in English Money \n\n2) the Capers, specifying this \n\n9039-40. \n\nwhence it is drawn. \n\nFrom \n\nOpium Farmer \n\nSpirit Farmers \n\nSeree \n\ndo \n\n£111694 6475 \n\nاکی میں کا \n\nToddy and Ginja do \n\nPadrbroker?. \n\nChina tour. town \n\nQuit \n\nbampony Glam \n\nTransfer fees in Lands Office. \n\nLands sold on building leases 122.4 \n\nIndicial Department \n\nFees & Imies collected in the \n\ndifferent Courts. \n\nne years \n\nmount in one \n\nPostage, amor \n\nMarine for local passes _46 \n\nAbstract of bevil Establishment at Sincapore, the Salaris be converted into Buglish money at If the Rupee. \n\nGovernor. Resident- \n\n£3,600 Jur \n\nAvezz \n\nAssistant \n\nlehaplain. \n\nAssistant D° \n\nSenior Angion \n\nAssistant Do \n\n480. \n\n25,342 \n\nAdd Recorder (@ 10,000 Dollars \n\nGovernors Establishment £ 421 \n\nResident Corneillors Do \n\nMedical Extabelishment \n\nClerical Do \n\nCehniese Poor House \n\nConvect Rilablishment_ \n\n2,662 \n\n£26,00. \n\nPost Office. \n\nJudicial & Law. Department 2,420 \n\nRevenue Department — 1,000 Marine \n\n9760 4050. \n\n13,818 \n\n-£21,113",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 218732,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "page_number": 58,
        "title": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "content_text": "281. Hong Mark the neum \n\nRECERED \n\nFEB 17 10-44 \n\n16 Febs 1844 \n\nMy Lord, they to be allowed \n\nto make this official application for the Passage allowance utually \n\nGranted \n\nto Governors of the most dis- \n\nCant Colonies. \n\napplication \n\neberdeen, \n\nIn reply to a similar \n\nmy \n\nto part & Love \n\non the subject of outfit \n\nallowance from the bereign Depart. \n\nment, thave been informed that I was to receive only half of \n\nfum granted \n\nthe \n\nto his Henry Pollingen, \n\nAt Meuble Lord Stanley Mt. \n\nメー \n\nEnclosure \n\n@2). the Rupee \n\nPounds Stecting at Sincapore; \n\nand Receive \n\nCivil Establishment \n\nin",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 218876,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "page_number": 202,
        "title": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "content_text": "collect the requisite Indian Portages, and to make up such. Mails Scloubt not the Indian Authorbes would formed them. \n\nIn \n\nany Notification grauding such authority I beg to niggest that it would be adersuble to stipulate that all lotters to be forwarded by that route, should be secuttriped That they shoubet bear the \n\nso \n\ndetune \n\npostages \n\natctre \n\ngoûte \n\naffixed to \n\nthe Post Office Requlations published on the 9th vittime, and, in aclctction, I hupee and 2 annas to be apposed by wight according to the English kale. And that \n\nMo \n\nletter should exceed 5 ances That the postages on all the letters to be sent by that route shoh b \n\npressid excepting \n\n\"the portages of letters for delivery in Great \n\nBritain and \n\napon \n\nthose the Indian \n\nPostace should be paid \n\nthat Soldiers \n\nound Seamens and all other letters \n\nexcepting \n\nL \n\namidala y \n\nexcepting these On Her Majesty'? hunce $98 should be equally liable to the postage. \n\nI have f J. \n\naliquet / The & Sealer \n\n1 Free Copy) \n\nPrederick W. E. Va \n\nነገ .",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 218925,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "page_number": 251,
        "title": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "content_text": "Epaß \n\nContines are Enment in the litung \n\n4 Sting hing \n\nits Dependencies, \n\nand further Whching to the Standard \n\nNatue and \n\nLender \n\n7 Pegment willing \n\nthe belong. \n\nSave to drich that you will take \n\nthe \n\nmising steps for \n\nlensing \n\nRubbeitin \n\nof the Proclamitan \n\nto be made \n\nIngkang. \n\nCHP 18 1844 \n\n11879 Hongkong \n\nPROCLAMATION. \n\nWith the desirable object of preventing Disputes and laying down sme defined system regarding the eirculat- in medium is this settlement, his Excellency Sir Henry Porringer, Part, Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary, and Chiet Superintendent or the Pride of British subjects in Chinn, is preased to promulgate the following brief Rales, which are to be considered applicable to all com- mon hazaar Purchases and Barter, Hire, &c. &c. but ¡ not to interfere with, or affect what may be termed Mercantile Transactions; and are to be in force on the Island of Hongkong, pending the gracious pleasure of her Majesty's the Queen of Grust Britain. \n\nIst. The following coins are to be depined legal ten- ders --Spanish, Mexican, and other Dollars, and their mponent parts. Company Rupees and their component ints; \"Cash,\" or the copper coin curient in China. \n\n2 Dollars of whatever denommation or device, and whether whole or chopped, are to cirenlate at pår with reference to each other, always, providing that they \n\ne of the proper weight and standard. \n\nBr. Two and one (2varter Company's Rupees shall \n\nbe considered equal to one Dollar \n\nOhne Rupee said two Anuas (or half a quarter) equal \n\nto half a Dollar and half a Rupee and one anus (er nine \n\naunas) equal to one quarter of a Dollar. \n\n4th. Twelve hundred Cush (1200) copper coiu) \n\nshall be equal to one Duflor. \n\nSix hundred (690) to half a Dollar. \n\nThree bundred (300) to one quarter of a Dollar. Five hundred and thirty three (533) to our Company Rupees \n\nTwo hundred and sixty six (26) to half a Rupee. One hundred and thirty three (133) to one quarter of a Roper. \n\nath. Any other coins whether British or Fareign, nof eunmerated in the preceding Rules, are not to be deemed a legal tender, but they can of course he sold, or otherwise bartered in the bazaar, according to their intrinsic vaine, \n\n6th Cash (copper coin) at the rite laid down in the 4th Rule, will be sold to any individual requiring it in sumes of nul- less than fifty Dollars, ou application to the Treasurer and Secretary to her Britannic Majesty's Superintendents of Trade &c. \n\nGOD SAVE THE Q. EEN, \n\nDated at Hongkong Government House, this 29th day of March, 1842. \n\n(Signed) HENRY POTTINGER, Ber Majesty's Plenipotentiary and Chief Superin - tendent of the Trade of British Subjects in China. \n\nBy order \n\nCHAS, E STEWART, Assistant Secretary and Treasurer,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 218927,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "page_number": 253,
        "title": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "content_text": "\nTeminions, and would therefore be so considered in Hongkong-It appears, however, by the above. recited Proclamation, that the Civage of England is declared to be an illegal tende \n\nSsubmit for Your Excellency's consideration that, it would be advisable to declare the gold, silver and copper canage of England to be legal tender in Honghong, and between all British subjects in China-The necessity of this will be more \n\napparent, when it is considered that all Government Accounts are \n\nKept in \n\nC \n\nPounds, shillings and pence, and that the Weller is fixed at the exchangeable value of \"%/% four. shillings and four pence. \n\n\"The whole question of a comage, for Houghing might well be brought under the consideration of A. Mus. Government The Dollar although long knoww and recognized in China, is a foreign Coin, issued by various states, and differing in weight and quality. The \n\na \n\n\"The Rupee is almost a freign come, and will probably in course of time be entirely charge into British Currency in. hedia, as has ben the case at Aylow, and in other of. Coloried . It would be politic to have the coise of our Sovereigns \n\nandre \n\nour \n\ngenerally Knoww and circulated in China; it would be. \n\n- useful by reason of its varied devorninations the sovereign and half sovereign in gold; the \n\n... \n\n5. 27, 1.8 and Hin silver; and the 1, 7 and ju \n\nin Coppers Sam informed by hor. bet Lay. the Officiating Conseil at Cantow, that the Chinese admire our C \n\nCrimage, bery much, that it would readily circulate at Canton, and that the large haders would soon keep their Accounts and make their purchaks and sales in British money. The want of smmall Coinagesmuch felt in Hongking for the retail and daily transactions life .- Chices of Commodities and wages of \n\na \n\nlabor",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 218928,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "page_number": 254,
        "title": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "content_text": "a \n\nlator \n\narc \n\nconsiderably enharrécò for want of \n\nreadily divisible can; at present there is only the Fellar divided into 4100 Cash-the one, too large, the other too small for the daily \n\nbe canency. The Rupee \n\ncan scarcely considered as a circulating medume here - It is arot acceived at Canton Bery soon after it is put in circulation, by payment of the hoops or otherwise, it disappears, and is either sent as a good remittance to India, Singapore and the Eastern Sardes, or it is motted into byoce by the Chinck= \n\nmoney \n\nChinese \n\nAs som at the Chinese Indemnity- \n\nceases to be available as a remittance, \n\nto India, in Exchange for Rupees - the cost of Keeping up a supply of that Coin for payments here will be an \n\nExpensive operation, particularly if Dollars be sent to Calcutta or Bombay, where they generally at a discount. The feight of Coin from \n\nare \n\ncent. In 249 \n\na \n\nhidia to China is one pou \n\none per \"Qucer's Ship there is no charge for hisurana; in & overchant's ship, the rish is covered by per cent. chone Englais, the freight of crime is half per cent, and the Insurance one per cent. There is another consideration worthy \n\n} \n\nof avote. The Rupee, circulates at a auti above \"it's intrinsic value . On the [ \" lepril, during the past year, \n\nthe Bank of England paid: London for the \n\n5874. On the same \n\nیہ \n\nource, \n\nof Company's Rupes same day the price of standard. silver, ine London, was 59%. About the same period the Company's Respect sits by Mets\" Sharp of the Chief Bullion brokers in Londone, brought rach 1.74% bery few Rupees are now sent to England, and when sold they readily purchated by the Bank of Kance; for melting and recoinage. If the Rupee, with its alloy, expensive coinage (2 per cent) and peight, and insurance be only wath \n\nare \n\n& D",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 218929,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "page_number": 255,
        "title": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "content_text": "1.9% to 1.70 iw London, it ought not to circulate at a higher sale in China. \n\nThe diffrence of Exchange betiven Rupee and Kellar is very remarkable. \n\nat Calcutta $100 Exchange for 208, to 216KT. at Hongkong $ 100 Exchange for 225 to 227 ( 4 ) difference. 1747. \n\nthe \n\nai \n\nNote \n\nThe large Opium traders, make advances in Calcutta, at the rate of 214 Rupees for 106 Spanish ifera Dollars, which converted into Mexican, gul 5 per cent premiund. In Houghing these 100 Mexican Dollars enable them to buy Government Bill on Bengal, for 225 to 227 h. At the end of the year 1842, when the Hect and hoops arrived here from the Northward, and Rupes were plentiful, $100 Exchanged for 240 Rupecs : This great difference of exchange could not exist between British \n\nsilver coin and the Dollar: \n\nThere is another circumstance \n\nwhich \n\nThe Euple is essenes at Houghing at \n\nFull + flytt \n\nwhich renders ik advisable that British \n\ncaw were the circulating medium of the Colony-Ane Million of Rupees have just arrived in H. Ms. Ship Fide, pour Calcutta, the hoops are paid in Rupees, at the rate \n\nis22 \n\nof 225 for $100. The Sellar is fixed here at the Echange of 4th-12 pence. The intrinsic \n\n44-37 Valice of the Rupee, as sheron abwr, i112 pence. $100 at $9 pence, give. 5,200 \n\nAs 225 at 22 pence, give 4960 \n\ndifference.. 250 pence \n\nThe soldier therefore loses 240 pence on very 225 Rupees, which is nearly equal to twenty days pay, in the year. The intrinsic value of the Dollar in Peexice is 45 pence, it is ssued to the hoops here at 52. pence, which shews a differences of seven pence, in each Dollar between the intrinsic value of the Aine and the rate at which it is issued by Government; In the West Indies, Canadas, \n\nGibraltar",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 218931,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "page_number": 257,
        "title": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "content_text": "immediately as well as prospectively, has induced ane to longthen this letter more than Soriginally contemplated, and as Sir Henry Pottinger has recently \n\nhansmitted to the Earl of Aberdeen as long conespondence on the Rupee and Follar - Trust Your Excellency will deem the facts contained in this letter worthy the Consideration of H. Ms. Government,, before any decision b \n\n( formed on the future, \n\nmode of providing supplies of Coins for \n\nChina \n\now i r \n\nIdo arot wish to enter on the \n\ncoinv \n\na. \n\n& \n\nner \n\nquestion of a mint - to prepare cau \n\n- for the Chinese Empire as well as for Colorry, as I am paming Commercial Report for Your Excellency which this subject, in reference to the supplies of Bullion from China, and the Balance of trade will be brought \n\nunder \n\nin \n\nuvider \n\nyour \n\nconsideration. \n\nI have Je \n\n(Agired) R. M. Martins \n\nA true Copy. \n\nTreasurer \n\nIrederick W. G. Brune \n\nColonial beretary.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 218995,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "page_number": 321,
        "title": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "content_text": "and the use \n\nof Opium. \n\nhave had. \n\nA.. \n\n\" universal - toleration throughout the \n\nEmpire of \n\nfhina.... \n\nThe \n\nHigh Authorities \n\nag \n\n\" see that any measures \n\nagainst. it are.. \"not only futile, but while. \n\nwhile. they \n\nthe evil itself, lead to others \n\n\"more serious character. \n\n(True Ixtract) \n\nMemorandum- \n\nSingapou \n\nspecifying \n\nin \n\nof \n\nRECEIVED \n\nthe Revenue of \n\nEnglish money at 2% the Rupee \n\nsources whence it is drawn. _ 18/13/14 \n\nFrom Opium. Farms \n\ninerenic \n\nof a far \n\nFrederick M. Gruen \n\n\" \n\nh \n\nG \n\nSpirit Serie \n\n\" \n\n\"1 \n\nToddy and Ganja \n\nPawnbrokers \n\nMarket, China Town \n\nfampong Glam (a District) \n\nQuit. Rent \n\nTransfer fees in Land Office \n\nOn Account land sold \n\nbuilding Leases \n\nJudicial Department.. \n\non - \n\nFees and fines collected in. \n\nthe fourt of Judicature- \n\ngo in the fourt of Requests \n\nAmount collected in the year. Marine, Fees on Registry &e. of Vessels \n\nPostage, \n\n(True (opy) \n\n£33737 \n\n9.645 \n\n3,259 \n\nہو گی \n\n2,180 \n\n4,130 \n\n3,306 \n\n1.380 \n\n£51,452 \n\nFrederick W. A. Bruce",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 219149,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "page_number": 475,
        "title": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "content_text": "1844 Govt Takis. \n\nSome 18 19. Metallic Currency Exchange 4. \n\nEndloses Report of Cole Treasurer Martin Sherving the want of a Brition Comag - Value & Difference of Exchange between Rupee & Dollar Mr. \n\nPrvelamation 29th Marchf42 (ene?) declaring British Coins \n\nShingly recomt it's repeal \n\nMof- \n\nand \n\nle \n\nlegal reduction \n\ntender. \n\nfrom Lifts to 4/20 \n\nResignation of \n\nLoss of \n\nthe current value of the Dollar \n\nVice Consul Sirr owing to alleged \n\nIncome thrs' present High Current Value \n\nInne 18 20. Inventory of \n\nEno: Reasing \n\nfor \n\nuse \n\nof the Dollar. \n\nFurniture supplied at Public Expence \n\nof Sport \n\nin original Govt. House and Public Offices enclosed. \n\nCopy placed in charge of \n\nin sharge of Mr. A. Elastic, the Acting Supter of Frade. \n\nSome 18 21. Ordinance 13/14 for appoint & regulation of \n\nNative Chinese Peace Officers. \n\nreg? by Coll. Regulations. \n\nSme 19 2.2. Ordinance 14/44 for suppression of \n\nPublic Gaming. \n\nrust. six copies. as \n\nrucloses. \n\nSume 19 23 Surveyor Gen. Gordon's application for permission fo \n\nwear the Colonial Uniform. \n\nSme 21 24 Compensation \n\nEnet & supports. \n\n= Chinese Landowners for land, \n\nin the Wong - nei-ching & boo-hum-poo Vallies. \n\nprohibited to \n\nbe cultivated but \n\n오 \n\nJune 21 25 Fee and \n\nGov. Davis \n\nStamp Duty payable on \n\nWarrant & Surveyor Gen! Gordon. \n\nof dedicating no \n\nac.comé \n\nDas so mERMÉ \n\npayt having been made to me Gordon \n\nIn reply to Deop: 37/44. of Salary. \n\nof \n\nChinese Pirates \n\nSome 21 26. Daring attack \n\nMr. Edgers Godowns near \n\nfailure of. \n\nApplication \n\nto search \n\n\"West Point. \n\nParticulars & \n\nCapt Bruces Report end? \n\nChines Authorities for permission Chung -Chow Aland for \n\nsupposed Chinese Police \n\nEuropean \n\nor \n\nbe harbored there. \n\nPirates \n\nIroupficiency of. Want of a \n\nmixture of \n\nSepoy Police \n\nJune 22 27. Pub: Gaming Ordinance 14/ \n\ncopies as reg? by Coll. Regulations. \n\nboth \n\nForward's six printed \n\nEncloses applications \n\nword supports \n\nSumme 29 28 Salary of Surveyor General. \n\nfrom Mess Gordon (Surveyor General) and Cleverley (Acting &) for encrease of Salary ground of the prohibition to the Surv: Gent \n\nPrivately practicing \n\nHas \n\nallowed \n\nas \n\non the \n\nEngineer and Archiket. \n\nMr. Cleverley to draw f1⁄2 cur Gordon's \n\nSalary while acting for him in addition to his \n\nallows of £500 fer \n\nas sanctioned by lobed theques p. 21-par 4 } Requests approval. \n\nResources of \n\nthe Colorcy. \n\nSome 24 24 Revenue and \n\nEuct. Report of Coll. Treasurer Martin representing the worthlessness & heavy expenditure of the Colony & the difficulty of raising revenue adequate to meet the latter. \n\nTonnage Daily also proposing the imposition of a \n\nFive Grounds. \n\n63. \n\nop \n\n映 \n\nComicul that the land be purchased \n\nruct report of Connnce of Engiury. \n\nDecision \n\nin perpetuity @ 30 Dollars per chow (or $9888) as advised \n\nby the Committ \n\n•& Son - the taxin \n\nthe taxing & registration of Chinese the issue of Stamps, Stamped Sicences for Traders Laborers, Auctioneers, Hotel & Tavern- Keepers fo \n\nDiffers \n\nopinion with otr Martor as to prospects of \n",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 219913,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-009 - Public Offices - 1844",
        "page_number": 53,
        "title": "CO129-009 - Public Offices - 1844",
        "content_text": "Müüd kründer of tower denominate them \n\n94. & Millring \n\nor in \n\nthe half quarter \n\nEighth Rupee prices hereinbefore Scentined. When the Exsiccalesh & Son't tällängs Furling \n\nlarger amount in Copper \n\nMong, \n\nAra: \n\nof or \n\ndr in the Omene. \n\nComs of the United Kingdom Copper Coms deferem ationed. than the Equivalent to one smilling Sterling Money- \n\n་ \n\n",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-009 - Public Offices - 1844.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 220545,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-010 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "page_number": 140,
        "title": "CO129-010 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "content_text": "\nNOTIFICATION. \n\nThe publication of the Hongkong Ga- zette under the authority of Government, will be discontinued from his data: but all Aublic orders and notifications appearing in \"The Friend of China and Nongkong Ga- zette,\" \"with the signatures oduly autho- rized Functionaries of the Government are still to be considered as official. \n\nBy order \n\nJ. Robt: Morison, Acting Secretary and Treasurer \n\nHongkong, March, 3rd. 1842 \n\nPROCLAMATION. \n\nWITH the desirable object of preventing Disputes and laying down some defined Sys- tem regarding the Circulating Medium in this Settlement, his Excellency Sir Henry Pottinger, Bart, Her Majesty's Plenipoten- tiary, and Chief Superintendent of the Trade of British Subjects in China, is pleased to promulgate the follorving brief Rules, which are to be considered applicable to all common Bazaar Purchases and Barter, Hire, &c. &c. but not to interfere with, or affect what may be termed Mercantile Transactions; and are to be in force on the Island of Hongkong, pending the Gra- cious Pleasure of her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain. \n\n1st. The following Coins are to be deem- ed Legal Tenders- Spanish, Mexi- can, and other Dollars, and their com ponent Parts. Conpany's Rupees and their component Parts \"Cash\", or the Copper coin current in China. \n\n2nd. DOLLARS of whatever denomination or \n\ndevice, and whether whole or chop- ped, are to circulate at par with reference to each other, always pro- viding that they be of the proper, weight and Standard. \n\n3rd. Two and one Quarter Company's Rupees shall be considered equal to one Dollar. \n\nONE Rupee and two Annas (or half a quarter) equal to half a Dol- lar and half a Rupee and one anna (or Nine annas) equal to one quar- ter of a Dollar. \n\n4th. TWELVE hundred Cash (1200) (cop- per Coin) shall be equal to one \n\nDollar. \n\nSix hundred (600) to half a Dollar. THREE hundred (300) to one Quar- ter of a Dollar. \n\nFIVE hundred and thirty three (533) to one Company's Rupee. Two hundred and sixty six (266) to half a Rupee. \n\nONE hundred and thirty-three (133) te one Quarter of a Rupee. \n\n5th. Any other Coins whether British or Foreign, not enumerated in the pre- ceding Rules, are not to be deemed a legal Tender, but they can of course be sold, or otherwise bartered in the Bazaar, according to their intrinsic value. \n\n6th. CASH\" (Copper Coin) at the rate laid \n\ndown in the 4th. Rule, will be sold to any individual requiring it in sums of not less thon Fifty Dollars, on application to the Treasurer and Secretary to her Britannic Masjes- ty's Superintendents of Trade &c. GOD SAVE THE QUEEN. Dated at Hongkong, Government-House, this 29th. Day of March, 1842. \n\n(SIGNED) HENRY POTTINGER Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary and Chief Superintendent of the Trade of British Subjects in China. \n\nBY ORDER. \n\nCHAS. E. STEWART. \n\nAssistant Secretary and Treasurer. \n\n",
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    {
        "id": 220731,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-010 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "page_number": 326,
        "title": "CO129-010 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "content_text": ": \n\nOTIFICATION. \n\nH. E. Sir Henry Pottinger Bart. is pleas- ed to direct that the annexed Letter and Quarterly Report be published for general information. \n\nBy Order, \n\nRICHARD WOOSNAM \n\nMacao, 25th Feb. 1843. \n\nActing Secretary, \n\nNo. 936 of 1842. \n\nTo, \n\nTerritorial Department, Finance; \n\nThe Secretary to the Hon'ble Company's Agents \n\nin China. \n\nSir, \n\nWir reference to Mr. Chief Secretary Wathen's letter, No 818, dated the 15th October 1836, I am directed by the Honorable the Go- vernor in Council to transmit for the information of the Honorable Company's Agents in China the accompanying Copy of a report, shewing the ave- rage quality of Sycee Silver, old Spanish and new dollars, received for Coinage at the Bombay Mint for the quarter ending the 31st October 1842. \n\nI have the honor to be, Sir, Your most Obedt. Servant; \n\nJ. R. REID \n\nChief Seey. \n\nBombay Castle, } \n\n22d Nov., 1842. \n\nQARTERLY REPORT showing the average Assay value, and the Gross and Net out-turn of Sycee Silver, old Spanish and new Dollars \n\nreceived for Coinage, at the Bombay Mint, for the quarter ending 31st October, 1842. \n\nNAMES. \n\nSycee Silver average of the last.Į three months ending 31st Oct.1848 100 Average old Spanish Dollars. 100 Ditto chiefly new Ditto A Company's Rupee \n\nWeight in Tolas of 180 Grains \n\nTolas. Deci \n\n100. \n\n230. 535. 231. 083. One Tola or 180 Grains. \n\nTouchp cent \n\nPure Silver Tolas. \n\nPer ct. Deel. Tolas Decl, bs. Decl \n\n93, 35% 98. 855. \n\n107. 297. 2. \n\n80 500. 200. \n\n3571. 225 106. 4. 89. 750. 207. 3070. 226, 252 4. \n\nGross Value | Mint charges | Net return on in Company's for Coinuge Company's \n\nRupees. at 2 p. cont. Rupees. \n\nRs. Deel Rs. Deel! \n\n145. 105. 152, \n\n502. 220. 604 525. 21. 727. \n\nØL. \n\n686. \n\nGraios. 165 \n\nBOMBAY MINT, \n\nAssay Ofice, 17th November, 1842, \n\n[True Copy] L. M. REID. \n\nChief Secy. \n\nREMAR KS. \n\nPayable by a Draft upon the Gen. eral Treasury at 30 days sight. \n\nN, B. The charge for refining Dollars is now remitted up to 6 W. or 89. 16 Tonch. \n\n(Signed) M. T. Kays, \n\nAssay Master.",
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    {
        "id": 220748,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-010 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "page_number": 343,
        "title": "CO129-010 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "content_text": "EXTRA. \n\nTable of Steamer Postage leviable upon Letters orriving from, or addressed to any other place then the United \"Kingdom, via the Red Sea or the Persian Gulf. \n\nA letter not excosting 14 Tola, is to be \n\nRE As. \n\ncharged one rate of Postage.. \n\nอ \n\nDitto shove 1 Tola, and not exceeding \n\nTolas, two mates.... \n\nDitto share 24 Tolas, and not exceeding \n\n5 Toiss, four rate... \n\nDitto above 5 Tons and not exceeding \n\n74 Tolas, six rates \n\nerd so in propertion, two additional rates of Post spe being changed for every additional weight of 21 \n\nToles, or for any fraction of that weight. \n\nBombay, Gent. Post Office.} \n\n14th March 1842. \n\nW. ESCOMBE, \n\nAcig. Post Mr. Gent, \n\n*N. B. 24 tulahs are equal to one ounce English, 16 arnte make use Rupee, aed one Rupee is equal to two Shillings Eng \n\nJint. \n\nA \n\nTable of Iulian inlamd Postage from Calcutta and Mudras to Bombay. \n\nCALCETTA \n\nMADRAS \n\n(Single Letter not exceeding one Quarter of a Tola in weight. Double Letter exceeding one Quarter of a Tola, but not ex- ceeding one Tola in weight. Single Postage (that is 7 Angas) to be added for every addition. \n\ni \n\nal half Tola weight. Newspapers not exceeding 3 \n\nTolas in weight. Newspapers excending 3 Tolus but not exceeding & Toias. Newspapers exceeding 6 Totus \n\nbut not exceeding 9 Tolas Single Postage (that is 3 Annus) to be added for every addition. al 3 Tolas. \n\nSingle Letter nutjexceeding one Quarter of a Tola in weight. Double Letter exceeding une Quarter of a Tola, but not ex- ceeding one Tola in weight, Single Postage (that is 5 Anons) to be added for every addition \n\nald half Tula weight Newspaper not exceeding 3 \n\nRs. $6. I's \n\n+3 \n\n\" \n\n+ \n\nIts. \n\nAs P \n\nTolas in weight Newspaper execeding 34 Tolas \n\nbut not exceeding & Tolas. Newspaper exceeding & Tolas \n\nbut not exceeding 9 Tolas. Single Postage (ibat is 3 Anbas) to be added for every additi enal 3 Tolas, \n\n: \n\nN. B. It is to be understood that the above Rates are exclusive of the Ioward Ship Postage of 2 Annas which will be levied on each Newspaper whether for- warded to Calcutta, Aiadas, or Bombay. \n\nNewspapers must be put up in short covers open at each end, and if they are found to contain any writing except the Superscription they will be charged as let- ters of a corresponding weight. \n\nBy order \n\nRICHARD WOOSNAM. \n\nGovernment House, Hongkong, 6th April 1843. \n\nGovernment Notification. WITH reference to the preceeding No- fifleation it is hereby announced that, to bviate inconvenience to the Public, Let- ters will be received at the Post Office at Hongkong, and the British Consular Agency at Macao, (as they have been for some time past) for transmission to Eu- rope, and India, on the payment of the Ship and Indian inland Postage. (as tho case may be) although the necessity for enlarging the Post Office and providing a proper establishment, will not admit of the system being fully introduced before the 1st of June. \n\nBy order, \n\nRICHARD WOOSNAM. \n\nGovernment House, Hongkong, 7th April, 1843. § \n\nPRINTED AND PUBLISHED FOR THE PROPRIETORS, &T \n\nTHE PRINTING OFFICE, QUEEN'S ROAD, MONGKONG, \n\n",
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    {
        "id": 221172,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-010 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "page_number": 767,
        "title": "CO129-010 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "content_text": "Inward Ship Postage butward Ship Postage.\n\nAcepees. Annas. Res.\n\n2\n\n2\n\nInland Postage to Bombay. – 14.\n\n1.2\n\nL\n\nthat is : each letter as above ought to be charged One Rupee and two Annas Indian Postage, of which amount one Rupee is to be credited to the Bengal Post Office and two Annas to the Bombay Post Office.\n\n\"The increasing\n\n762\n\nis the same but the Inland Postage is only Three Annas.\n\nI send the Calcutta Gazette-\n\nPost\n\ncontaining the notifications of the Post Masters General of Calcutta and Bombay\n\n(Signed) Henry Pottinger\n\nGovernment House, Victoria\n\nHong Kong, 20th April, 1840\n\nNo:169\n\nSeal of the Indian\n\nThe Honorable,\n\nPostages is shown in the Gazette before-referred to\n\nNewspapers not exceeding Six Tolahs weight pay One Anna, inwards Ship Postage and the same outwards besides Six Annas inland Postage from Calcutta to Bombay. Should the weight of the newspaper not exceed 3 1⁄2 Tolah \"the Ship Postage (inwards and outwards)\n\nSir,\n\nyour\n\nMajor Caine\n\nChief Magistrate,\n\nVictoria,\n\nHong Kong, April 24th 1844.\n\nI am directed to acknowledge\n\nletter No : 98 of the 18th Instant, reporting that the Boats that have been hired for Colonial Guard Boats\n\nare\n\nis",
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    {
        "id": 221284,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-011 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 87,
        "title": "CO129-011 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "Masters or other persons in charge of vessels boats &c., are warned particularly not to throw over board any stone or other ballast within the limits of the said Port under a penalty not exceeding $200 to be paid by the Master or other person in charge.\n\nExcept in self defence no musket or small arm of any description shall be discharged within the limits of the said Harbour from any Merchant vessel or boat between the hour of 6 P.M. and gun fire in the morning neither shall any great gun be discharged at any time from any merchant vessel or boat within the limits of the said harbour nor any musket or other small arm loaded with ball or shot under a penalty not exceeding $200.\n\nThe limits of the Harbour of Victoria are hereby declared to be defined for the purpose of these Regulations. \"On the West by a straight line drawn from the Westernmost Point of Hongkong to the Westernmost Point of Stone-cutters Island continued to the Mainland of China; the East by a straight line drawn from Burn's Point to the nearest part of the Mainland of China and to include all the waters comprehended between these two lines.\n\nNo Boat is to be allowed to move about the Harbour between the hour of 9 P.M. and gun fire in the morning under a penalty not exceeding $50 except as herein after provided for or unless furnished with a pass from the Harbour-Master.\n\nThe Harbour Master is empowered to grant Licenses for twenty Boats to ply for hire within the Harbour till the hour of 12 o'clock at night, the fare after 9 P.M. to be 1 Rupee per trip or per hour at the option of the person hiring the Boat. The person obtaining the License shall enter into a Bond together with a good surety in a penalty of $100 conditioned for the observance of the Harbour regulations:\n\nEvery Licensed Boat shall after 9 P.M., carry a Lantern in a conspicuous place with the number of the license painted on it in large characters and if the person in charge of the boat demands more than his fare, or uses abusive language to passengers or neglects to carry a light as required, or refuses without sufficient cause to take a passenger at the fare hereby established the party offending or in his absence the person to whom the license for the Boat was granted shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding $25, and on conviction of the third offence against these regulations, the license shall be forfeited and the penalty in the bond enforced against him or his surety.\n\nBoats kept by private persons and not plying for hire, are permitted to move about the Harbour at any time with a European or American on board or without such European or American, provided they have a pass for the night signed by the Owner.\n\nIt is to be understood distinctly that all boats, whether private or not, are subject to be stopped and examined by the Guard-Boats, and if the person in charge of any boat does not heave to on being hailed by a Guard-Boat, or uses abusive language to the Officer or persons on board of her in the execution of their duty he shall be liable to be detained in custody until he can be brought up before a Magistrate and pay a fine not exceeding $25.\n\nMasters or other persons in charge of Merchant Vessels boats &c., will be expected to conform to all ordinary Port Regulations in addition to those herein specified.\n\nADOLPHUS E. SHELLEY,\n\nClerk of Councils.\n\nVictoria, 8th January, 1845.\n\nHongkong : Published by Authority, and Printed by John Carr.",
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    {
        "id": 221322,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-011 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 125,
        "title": "CO129-011 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "5981/3218 \n\nyering w/ yoy \n\nyowy 49 \n\nM \n\nhy \n\nЯ угтегор \n\n728/ 2038 19 \n\nProceedings of a Board \n\nGovernment dated \n\nIf Survey \n\nheld at the Colonial Treasury, Hongkong pursuant to the Order first day of January one thousand eight hundred and forty five. \n\nThe Honorable F. M. A. Bruce, \n\nMembers The Honorable R. M. Martin, reg.- \n\n+ A. T. Shelley, regre \n\nof \n\nThe Board having taken an exact account of the quantity of Coin existing in the Colonial Treasury at this date, ascertained the same to be. \n\nCL-4 \n\nfollows : \n\n  \n    Spanish Dollars\n    Anskem. Üoin.\n     \n     \n  \n  \n    Republican and Mexican Dollars\n    P...\n    717 Tants = $1000\n     \n  \n  \n    Company's\n    Rupees\n    Wchange\n    Sterling Umounts\n  \n  \n    Total Anouch in\n    Starling\n     \n     \n  \n  \n     \n    £\n     \n     \n  \n  \n    In Treasure Vault. I. Publie Money\n     \n     \n     \n  \n  \n    II Private property belonging to Intestate. Retates and other money not applicable to the public. Service as per accompanying schedule. A.\n     \n     \n     \n  \n  \n    I Publie Money\n     \n     \n     \n  \n  \n    + Bad Coin $ 12 @ 4/4\n    £ 2\n    » Gold in Sterling .. £ 5×10-\n    Total in Treasure Vault-\n  \n  \n    In the Chest of the Treasurer.\n     \n     \n     \n  \n  \n    II Church Subscription depout.\n     \n     \n    Total in Chest. of Treasurer\n  \n  \n    16,707 !!\n    2020\n     \n     \n  \n  \n    8,187 90\n    15,509 89\n    19,850\n     \n  \n  \n    2,647\n     \n    24,895 01\n    17,329 89\n  \n  \n    22497%\n    1,404.04\n    555 50\n    1,404.06\n  \n  \n    656, 50\n    791672\n    175\n    8,09112\n  \n  \n    Bollar life sent\n     \n    225 Rupoes = 180 Dollars\n     \n  \n  \n    Rupee-=-\n    -11% dtg.\n     \n     \n  \n  \n    5969 0 5\n    5346 2 8\n    8 2\n    11,323 5\n  \n  \n    4786\n    77 #\n    16 17 1\n    1,203.15\n  \n  \n    Amounting together to Twelve thousand five hundred and Twenty seven Pounds and one penny Sterling: // \n     \n     \n     \n  \n  \n    4 15\n    1/323 5 1\n     \n     \n  \n  \n    1,203 15 £/2,527 #0 /\n     \n     \n     \n  \n\nFrederick W. Bronce \n\nMarti \n\nEshellen \n\n123",
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    {
        "id": 221533,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-012 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 16,
        "title": "CO129-012 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "# GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION\n\nWHEREAS by an order of Her Most Gracious Majesty in Council, dated at Windsor on the 28th November, 1844, His Excellency the Governor and Commander-in-Chief has been instructed to publish the annexed Proclamation by the Queen, the said Proclamation is hereby published accordingly; and it is further commanded by Her Majesty in Council that the same do take effect and come into force from the date of the publication thereof.\n\nBy Order,\n**FREDERICK W. A. BRUCE**,\nColonial Secretary,\nVictoria, Hongkong, 1st May, 1845.\n\n## BY THE QUEEN,\n### A PROCLAMATION.\n\nWHEREAS, on the 20th day of March, 1842, a Proclamation was issued at Hongkong by Sir Henry Pottinger, Baronet, Our Plenipotentiary and Chief Superintendent of the Trade of British Subjects in China, in the terms following, that is to say-\n\nWith reference to the desirable object of preventing disputes and laying down some defined system regarding the Circulating Medium in this settlement, His Excellency Sir Henry Pottinger, Bart., Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary and Chief Superintendent of the Trade of British Subjects in China, is pleased to promulgate the following brief Rules, which are to be considered applicable to all common Bazaar Purchases, and Barter, Hire, &c., &c., but not to interfere with, or affect, what may be termed Mercantile Transactions, and are to be in force on the Island of Hongkong, pending the Gracious Pleasure of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain.\n\n1st. The following Coins are to be deemed legal Tenders:- Spanish, Mexican, and other Dollars and their component parts, Company's Rupees and their component parts, Cash, or the Copper Coin current in China.\n\n2d. Dollars of whatever denomination or device, and whether whole or chopped, are to circulate at par with reference to each other, always providing that they be of the proper weight and standard.\n\n3d. One Dollar. Two and one quarter Company's Rupees shall be considered equal to one Dollar. One Rupee and two Annas (or half a quarter) equal to half a Dollar, and three-quarters of a Rupee (or twelve Annas) equal to one quarter of a Dollar.\n\n4th. Twelve hundred Cash (1200) Copper Coin shall be equal to one Dollar. Six hundred (600) to half a Dollar. Three hundred (300) to quarter of a Dollar. Five hundred and thirty-three (533) to one Company's Rupee. Two hundred and sixty-six (266) to half a Rupee. One hundred and thirty-three (133) to one quarter of a Rupee.\n\n5th. Any other Coins, whether British or Foreign, not enumerated in the preceding Rules, are not to be deemed a legal Tender, but they can of course be sold or otherwise bartered in the Bazaar, according to their intrinsic value.\n\n6th. Cash Copper Coin at the rate laid down in the 4th Rule, will be sold to any individual requiring it in sums of not less than fifty Dollars, on application to the Treasurer and Secretary to Her Britannic Majesty's Superintendent of Trade.\n\n\"God save the Queen.\"\n\nAnd Whereas, on 27th day of April, 1842, a further Proclamation was issued by Our said Plenipotentiary and Chief Superintendent of the Trade of British Subjects in China, in the terms following,--\n\nThat is to say,--\n\n\"The Letter, of which a Copy is hereunto annexed, having been addressed to me by the Mercantile Firms who have signed it, on behalf of themselves and others, I do hereby direct and proclaim, in conformity with their application, that pending the gracious pleasure of the Queen of England, the Mexican and other Republican Dollars shall be taken as, and considered to be, the Standard, in all Government and Mercantile transactions at Hongkong and other places in China in the occupation of Her Majesty's Forces, unless at the time of such transactions taking place it should be expressly specified to the contrary.\n\nAnd I do further announce, that the present Proclamation is not to be taken in any way or shape as affecting the provisions of the one which I promulgated on the 20th day of March last month, relative to the Circulating Medium in the Island of Hongkong.\n\n\"God save the Queen.\"\n\nAnd Whereas, by Our Letters Patent, bearing date the 5th day of April, in the Sixth Year of Our Reign, We did erect and constitute Our Island of Hongkong and its Dependencies into a separate Colony, to be known and designated as the Colony of Hongkong; and by Our Instructions to Our Governor of the said Colony, We did thereby direct and ordain that he should not propose or assent to any Legislative Ordinance whatever, whereby any Bills of Credit or any other Paper Currency, or any Coin, save only the legal Coin of the Realm, may be made or declared to be a legal Tender, without special permission from Us in that behalf first obtained.",
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        "page_number": 17,
        "title": "CO129-012 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "And Whereas it hath been represented to Us, by the Lords Commissioners of Our Treasury, that doubts have arisen with reference to the terms of the said hereinbefore recited Proclamations of the 20th day of March, and the 27th day of April, 1842, respecting the legal sufficiency of Tenders of Payment within Our said Island and its Dependencies, in British Coins; and it is expedient that such doubts should be removed, and that the Regulations regarding Standards of Value and Tenders of Payment within Our said Island should be assimilated to those of Our other Possessions abroad,\n\nNow, therefore, We, by the advice of Our Privy Council, have thought it fit to declare and ordain, and by the advice aforesaid, We do hereby declare and ordain, that from and after the date of the publication in the said Island of Hongkong of this Our Proclamation, the said hereinbefore recited Proclamations issued on the 20th day of March, and 27th day of April, in the Year 1842, as aforesaid, shall be revoked and annulled.\n\nAnd We do further declare and ordain, that from and after the date of the Publication, as aforesaid, of this Our Proclamation, the several Coins hereinafter specified, being perfect Coins, and of full and proper weight and value, shall, in like manner as the Gold, Silver, and Copper Coins of the United Kingdom, be and constitute a legal Tender of Payment within Our said Island of Hongkong and its Dependencies, at the several respective rates, and as equivalent to the values undermentioned:\n\nThat is to say,--\n\n| Coin | Rate |\n| --- | --- |\n| The Gold Mohur of the East India Company's Territory, coined since the 1st day of September, 1835 | Twenty-nine shillings and two pence Sterling Money of the United Kingdom |\n| The Dollar of Spain, Mexico, or the South American States | Four shillings and Two pence Sterling |\n| The Rupee of the East India Company's Territory, coined since the 1st day of September, 1835 | One shilling and Ten pence Sterling; and the Half Rupee, Quarter Rupee, and Eighth of Rupee pieces, in proportion |\n| The Cash, or Copper Coin, Current in China | Two hundred and eighty-eight Cash, for One Shilling Sterling |\n\nAnd We do hereby further declare and Ordain, that Tenders of Payment in the said Coins, being, as aforesaid, perfect Coins, and of full and proper weight and value, as well as in the Gold, Silver, or Copper Coins of the United Kingdom, or any or either of them, according to the several relative rates and values hereinbefore specified, shall be deemed and taken within Our said Island of Hongkong and its Dependencies, to be a sufficient and lawful Tender, in satisfaction and discharge of all Debts, Contracts, and Engagements whatsoever for the payment of money: Provided always nevertheless, and We do further Ordain and Declare, that nothing herein contained shall be deemed or taken to render it compulsory on any person to accept at any one payment a larger Amount in Silver Coins of the United Kingdom of lower denomination than One shilling, or in the Half, Quarter, or Eighth Rupee pieces hereinbefore mentioned, than the equivalent to Twenty Shillings Sterling Money, or a larger Amount in Copper Coins of the United Kingdom, or in the Chinese Copper Coins before-mentioned, than the equivalent to One Shilling Sterling Money.\n\nBy Her Majesty's Command.\n\nGOD SAVE THE QUEEN.\n\nJ. F. DAVIS",
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        "id": 222252,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-013 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 305,
        "title": "CO129-013 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "166\n\nor Ballast to be thrown.\n\nNo dead Bodies XII. And be it enacted and ordained, That Seamen or other persons dying on board any Ship, shall not be thrown overboard within the limits of the said port, under a penalty of Twenty-five Dollars, to be paid by the Master or other person in charge of the vessel on board of which such Seaman or other person died: And that no such Masters or other persons in charge of vessels, boats, or any other craft, shall throw overboard any stone or other ballast within the limits of the said Port, under a penalty not exceeding Two Hundred Dollars, to be paid by the master or other person in charge thereof, without having previously obtained leave in writing from the Harbour-Master for that purpose.\n\nguns and fire-arms\n\nProvisions as to XIII. And it is hereby enacted and ordained, That except in self-defence, no musket or small arm of any description, shall be discharged within the limits of the said Harbour from any Merchant vessel or boat, between the hours of 6 P.M. and gun-fire in the morning; neither shall any great gun be discharged at any time from any Merchant Vessel or boat within the limits of the said Harbour, nor any musket or other small arm loaded with ball or shot, under a penalty not exceeding Two Hundred Dollars.\n\nHarbour Limits defined.\n\nRegulations as to boats moving about the Harbour.\n\nXIV. And be it further enacted and ordained, That the limits of the Harbour of Victoria are hereby declared to be defined for the purposes of this Ordinance, as follows, \"On the West by a straight line drawn from the westernmost point of Hongkong to the westernmost point of Stone Cutters' Island, continued to the Mainland of China; on the East by a straight line drawn from Burn's Point to the nearest part of the Mainland of China, and to include all the Waters comprehended between these two lines.\"\n\nXV. And be it further enacted and ordained, That no boat shall move about the Harbour between the hour of 9 P.M. during night time, and gun-fire in the morning, under a penalty not exceeding Fifty Dollars, except as hereinafter provided for, or unless furnished with a Pass from the Harbour-Master. That is to say, The Harbour-Master is hereby empowered to grant Licenses for Twenty Boats to ply for hire within the Harbour till the hour of 12 o'clock at night, the fare after 9 P.M. to be one Rupee per trip or per hour, at the option of the person hiring the Boat; and the person obtaining such License shall enter into a Bond together with a good Surety, in a Penalty of One Hundred Dollars, conditioned for the observance of all Harbour Regulations: And that every Licensed Boat shall after 9 P.M. carry a lantern in a conspicuous place, with the number of the License painted on it in large characters; and if the person in charge of the Boat demands more than his fare, or uses abusive language to passengers, or neglects to carry a light as required, or refuses without sufficient cause to take a passenger at the fare hereby established, the party offending, or in his absence, the person to whom the License for the Boat was granted, shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Twenty-five Dollars, and on conviction of the third offence against these Regulations, the License shall be forfeited, and the penalty in the bond enforced against him or his surety: Provided always, that boats kept by private persons, and not plying for hire, shall be permitted to move about the Harbour at any time with a European or American on board, or without such European or American, provided they have a pass for the night signed by the Owner; and that all Boats, whether private or not, may and shall be subject to be stopped and examined by the Guard Boats; and if the person in charge of any boat does not heave to on being hailed by a Guard Boat, or uses abusive language to the Officer or persons on board of her in the execution of their duty, he shall be liable to be detained in custody until he can be brought before a Magistrate, and on conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding Twenty-Five Dollars.\n\nCases arising under this Ordinance to be tried by the Marine Magistrate.\n\nXVI. And be it further enacted and ordained, That where no Penalty is attached by this Ordinance for the breach or infringement of any provisions therein contained, the penalty in such cases shall be a sum in the discretion of the presiding Magistrate, not exceeding Twenty-Five Dollars; and that all cases occurring under such Ordinance shall be tried by, and adjudicated upon before the Marine Magistrate for the time being, to whom it shall be lawful, on conviction, to enforce payment of all or any of the foregoing penalties when necessary, by imprisonment for a period not exceeding one calendar month.\n\nJOHN FRANCIS DAVIS,\n\nGovernor, &c., &c.\n\nPassed the Legislative Council of Hongkong,\n\nthis 6th day of October, 1845.\n\nADOLPHUS E. SHELLEY,\n\nClerk of Councils.\n\nHONGKONG\n\nPRINTED BY AUTHORITY, AT the Office OF THE CHINA MAIL.\n\n302",
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    {
        "id": 223220,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-016 - Sir John Davis - 1846 [1-6]",
        "page_number": 182,
        "title": "CO129-016 - Sir John Davis - 1846 [1-6]",
        "content_text": "or a \n\ndeserving of the Office of Treasurer, I would recommend his being confirmed, reduction of Mr. Martin's salary of £1200 to the rate of £900 or £1000 per \n\nI have the honor to be, \n\nWith the highest respect, \n\nYour Most Obedient, Humble Servant, \n\nto wait \n\nthis \n\n22 \n\nSee D.d. Gladstone's note of the 7th Jany. Dictating the debate to which this is an answer \n\n23 May \n\nPerhaps it \n\nfor the next Report, though \n\nher deliberate judgment The particular question of uniting the Freemurr \n\nAscertg: \n\nFinancial. \n\nMay 25 \n\nMAY 22 1846 \n\n179 \n\nVictoria, Hongkong, \n\n25th March, 1846. \n\nWith reference to your Despatch N. 10 of January 23rd. I have the honor to state that all the Public Departments of this Colony have been fully alive to the necessity of adhering strictly to the terms of Her Majesty's Declaration in respect to the valuation of the different descriptions of Coin in circulation. \n\nThe statement of the Staff Officer \n\nof the Madras Troops \n\nseems to have been \n\nfounded in a misapprehension. If the Chinese in the Bazaar sometimes took the Shilling as half a Rupee (though they were bound to receive it as a legal tender \n\nThe Right Honorable, \n\nW. E. Gladstone, M.P.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-016 - Sir John Davis - 1846 [1-6].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 223221,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-016 - Sir John Davis - 1846 [1-6]",
        "page_number": 183,
        "title": "CO129-016 - Sir John Davis - 1846 [1-6]",
        "content_text": "for 12\") it was in fact a depreciation of the Shilling to 11\" rather than an enhancement of the Rupee to 27. But all my inquiries tend to show that the Shilling at present readily passes for its full value; and no depreciation of it is ever recognized in any Government Department.\n\nI have the honor to be\n\nSir,\n\nWith the highest respect, Your Most Obedient, Humble Servant,\n\nNdani\n\nof the humsary? If Mr. 23\n\nin for the information\n\nmy my\n\nKey 23.\n\nN.30.) 994 Angken. 884\n\nCivil\n\nAnd! 55 of June 1 0116.\n\nExtract\n\nRawson Norton & Co & poni 46.\n\n1\n\nSir,\n\nMA 22 1846\n\n130\n\nVictoria, Honghong,\n\n25th March, 1846.\n\nIn reply to Despatch. N. 12 January 24th requiring my opinion as to the establishment of a postal communication by Steam, between Hongkong and the Northern Ports, I beg to enclose Copy of a Despatch just received from Mr. Consul Macgregor at Canton, which will show that I have been taking the first steps towards endeavouring to establish inland Communication between this and the new Ports of trade, to be defrayed by a portage charge on all Letters.\n\nWith reference to the suggestions\n\nThe Right Honorable,\n\nM. E. Gladstone, M. P.",
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    {
        "id": 223577,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-016 - Sir John Davis - 1846 [1-6]",
        "page_number": 539,
        "title": "CO129-016 - Sir John Davis - 1846 [1-6]",
        "content_text": "1846\n\nSir J. Davis.\n\n1846\n\nSir J. Davis\n\n535\n\nMar 2 24 Adm. Sir T Cochrane. Refers to his Mar 23 27 Despatches. Ackn receipt\n\nMar 15 25 Drainage.\n\nDespatch No. 22 Feb 7.25.\n\nEncloses the reply to his application for payment of the costs in the action for libel. Encloses reports and estimates for certain Drains, Gutters, Gratings &c in course of construction, also a Plan showing the Drains of the town.\n\nMar 25 28 Treasurer, Acknowledges Despatches Nos. 4487 January 6 8 9. Explains his reasons for not advising the union of the Offices of Treasurer and Secretary. Recommends Mr Mercer for confirmation as Treasurer with a Salary of £900 or £1000 per annum.\n\nMar 2 26 Surveyor's Department. Encloses a report from Mr Cleverly on the progress of the Surveyor General's Department, the leasing of Crown Lands explaining the causes of delay in certain cases.\n\nThe Convicts are getting into a good style of working, but he intends suggesting some improvement in the system.\n\nMar 25 29 Currency. Acknowledges Despatch No 10. Reports on the value of the English Shilling compared with the Rupee.\n\nMar 25 30 Steam Packets. Acknowledges Despatch No 12 Jan 7 26. Reports the difficulties of establishing Steam Packets between Hong Kong and the Northern Ports. Encloses a Letter from Mr Macgregor, Consul, on the practicability of conveying Letters by Messengers overland.\n\nMar 28 31 Public Buildings. Acknowledges Despatch No. 8.13 Jan 7 24. Encloses a report on the whole of the Public Works such as Roads, Buildings &c executed or in course of construction, with their respective cost. Considerable damage has been done by the flood.",
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    },
    {
        "id": 224212,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "page_number": 118,
        "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "content_text": "House of Commons Admiralty\n\nAgent\n\nBoard of Trade\n\nBo...\n\nForeign\n\nOffice\n\nplaces without reference Brittany Rong;\n\n&\n\nand even then it would be a\n\nserious question how far your Lordships\n\nwould be justified in incurring\n\nthe expence which would attend\n\nthe measure recommended by\n\nMessrs Rawson Norton & Co\n\nI have the honor to be Signed) Lonsdale.\n\nGeneral Post Office\n\n30th December 1845.\n\nPage 46\n\n13% 2.\n\n1846\n\n29\n\nJAN. 21 1846\n\nSir,\n\nJam...\n\n105 trong Kong\n\nTreasury Chambers,\n\n20th Jan? 1846.\n\nCommanded\n\n116\n\nby the Lords\n\nCommissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury\n\nto request that you will state to\n\nMr. Secretary Gladstone that their Lordships having\n\nhad under consideration\n\nthe representation submitted to the Officer Commanding Hong Kong by the Staff Officer\n\nof the Madras Troops respecting the mode of issuing the pay of Troops, have observed that it is therein stated with reference\n\nCopy\n\nto Governor\n\nthe de...\n\nSterling value of 1/10\n\nregard to the East India Company's Rupee by Her Majesty's Proclamation\n\nthat \"the Chinese in the Bazaar\n\nfake...\n\nown...\n\nas the\n\nShilling Sterling \"Equivalent only of half a Rupee \"thereby acknowledging the Rupee to be worth 2/\n\n1\n\nin other\n\n\"Her Majesty's warrant fixes the Equivalent of the Shilling at\n\nJames Stephen Esqre\n\nPage XX\n\n was not found, however, the original text has some page-related information: 46\n\n, and a date \"30th December 1845.\" and \"JAN. 21 1846\" indicating it is likely from a bound correspondence or official document. The text has been formatted into paragraphs and corrected for minor OCR errors, with an attempt to preserve the original content and structure.",
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    },
    {
        "id": 224213,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "page_number": 119,
        "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "content_text": "House Commo Admiralty\n\nAgent\n\nBoard of Tra\n\nBox\n\nForeign\n\nOffice\n\nHo\n\nOf\n\n288 Cash\n\nn\n\nLO\n\n576 for 2/m, but at the\n\n\"rate of 1/10 the Rupees would\n\nonly be worth 528 Cash each \"whereas the Chinese of their \"own accord by taking; 2/- Rupee give 576 for the latter, being\n\nas the\n\nover and above the\n\na difference_ Government rate of\n\n\"22 Herling.\n\n48 Caste,\n\na\n\nAdverting to which Statement My Lords have to suggest to Mr\n\nGladstone that the attention\n\nof\n\nshould.\n\nthe Governor of Hong Kong be called for the allegation it Contains, and if the same be well founded that he should be Enjoined to take care that no such enhancements of the value of the Rupee is recognised by any Public Department & Tribunal in the Island,\n\nand that no comparative undervaluation of British Silver\n\nCoin as a Tender in the Ordinary\n\n!\n\n+\n\nBahnur Fransactions\n\n2\n\no their\n\n117\n\ncontravention of the provision of Her Majesty's Reclamation Alading to the Currency is permitts &\n\nJaw\n\nSi\n\nYour obedient Servant\n\nThe Sprung\n\n177\n\n珉",
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    {
        "id": 224214,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "page_number": 120,
        "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "content_text": "House of Commons\n\nAdmiralty\n\nAgent\n\nBoard of Trade\n\nBoard\n\nForeign Office\n\nHome Office\n\n1296.5374\n\nI presume I sent a copy to the Gov., for his information.\n\n21 Jan. And distilling?\n\nthis ob? he\n\nand And\n\na.\n\n26\n\nThey 100 song phương 10 18\n\nDavis\n\nLin\n\nForwarded by\n\n1846\n\nJB Judock 23\n\n\"Stephen | 23\n\nlyllellon\n\nMssic Gladstone\n\n23 January 1846\n\n23 Janmar 46.\n\nStranemist to you\n\nherewith the Congofaletten\n\noto the Dept by\n\nadduped to the\n\ndirection of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury\n\nthe\n\nA which\n\nsufect of the balance as The reper. papes in Schong\n\nin transactions between\n\nthe foreign merchants and Chinese\n\nBilich Merchants and others. In compliance with their Lordships'\n\nsuggestion, I have to observe with not recognizing enhancement\n\nthent\n\nof the real value of the Rupee as fixed Gov. Mis proclamation regarding the Currency of the colony\n\nIn\n\nauz\n\ntransactions\n\nwith any\n\n17\n\nPublic Friend\n\nDepartment, in the\n\nPage 120\n\nPage 121\n\nHouse of Commons\n\nAdmiralty\n\nAgent\n\nBoard of Trade\n\nBoard\n\nForeign Office\n\nHome Office\n\nhanany comparative. uide waleration of British Silver Coin.",
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    {
        "id": 224798,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-019 - Sir John Davis - 1847 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 67,
        "title": "CO129-019 - Sir John Davis - 1847 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "64\n\nof His Excellency The Governor, stating them in the same order, and in connection with the seven clauses above.\n\nFirstly I would propose that the Tepos of Victoria shall provide me with lists of the names of all the most respectable shops, with their seals impressed below each shop's (Chop name); and on the 14th day of each month furnish me with the changes during the past month; this list will serve as a reference, and any forgeries thereby be detected, while shops closing business may be blotted out monthly.\n\n2ndly That a penal clause be inserted in the Registration Ordinance rendering any shop subject to a fine which may ensure an individual by the impression of their Seal on any paper bearing his name, should be afterwards convicted before any Court of Justice for committing a breach of the laws.\n\n3rdly that in order to render the people careful of their certificates, a small charge be in future laid upon every Ticket issued, of say a half Rupee and which I have reason to believe would not be objected to by the people as it would not affect the bulk of the population who are already Registered, and it would prove a check to the inhabitants of some of the villages on the opposite shore, many of whom present themselves here and are registered as inhabitants of the colony.\n\n4thly That a respectable Portuguese Clerk who speaks Chinese be attached to this Department, so that the Registration may proceed without interruption, and allow me more time to attend to the Revenue Department. The small charge on the certificates which he could issue whilst I am otherwise unavoidably engaged would much more than pay his salary.",
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    {
        "id": 224799,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-019 - Sir John Davis - 1847 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 68,
        "title": "CO129-019 - Sir John Davis - 1847 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "At present a great portion of my time is occupied in performing the duties of a clock, to the prejudice of the Registration.\n\n5thly That a supply of Boats' numbers, painted on tin, be always hand to issue at the same time as the corresponding Boat Ticket, at an extra charge of say the Rupee; Rupees can be procured in the gross for probably half this amount, or less, thus adding to the Revenue.\n\nThey\n\n6thly That in addition to the sources of Revenue referred to, Registration of Street Hawkers be instituted, and a supply of Badges of tin, painted and numbered, be issued at a charge of One Dollar, to be changed annually; this would materially check the present system: bad characters professing to be Hawkers, as a cloak to their proceedings, and save the Police much trouble as those who were not wearing the Badge conspicuously on their basket or dress could be treated as vagrants; I have registered upwards of a Thousand professing Hawkers this year.\n\n7thly That the Registration Ordinance be remodeled; rejecting such of the existing clauses as cannot be enforced, and including others which experience points out to be necessary.\n\nTrue Extract,\n\nManie Colonial Secretary",
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    },
    {
        "id": 228442,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-028 - Bonham - 1849 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 170,
        "title": "CO129-028 - Bonham - 1849 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "Inland\n\n575347826725. 5.10724095. 4 #\n\n211. Leased culture, wis. West: 19375 01 10 8 188 932 20 Hoby, 1846\n\n212\n\n213\n\n〃\n\nولر\n\n25 Beck, 1841.\n\n18 July, 22 Shry, 1847. 14 Jelly\n\n\"\n\n1135032 1 4 GB, 434 21 Htly, 1846.\n\n12\n\n13 July, 1847.\n\n18 Wet2.\n\n1000 817 8 37 411⁄2 2. Jany, 1845.\n\n25 May,\n\n108\n\n45.\n\n89 15 1 21283. 3 574, 2814.17.99\n\nThere land at Auctions 2000: 1844\n\n54 4 11 6 3 1\n\n30134\n\nمرے کی کو دینے مجھ\n\n30154\n\n\"\n\n157.14\n\n\"\n\n301431⁄2 1⁄2esca\n\n30177341\n\n15\n\n132\n\nاور گو\n\nA\n\n4 211\n\n4810\n\n\"\n\n15\n\n371⁄2 10\n\nSA\n\nEspear.\n\nEyeur.\n\nB\n\n214.\n\n\"\n\n215.\n\n215.\n\n\"\n\n1000 11\n\n15 Def\",\n\n22. Jsine, 1847.\n\n8.178 4.810\n\n10 Declar\n\n48:10\n\n\"\n\n\"\n\n\"\n\n4 21\n\n24 June, 1845.\n\n$340.3610185\n\n\"\n\n\"\n\n1845\n\n$340 21 10\n\n\"\n\n\"\n\n39\n\n29 June, 1847.\n\n35 1687, 23 Mar, 1845.\n\n19. June, 1847. 18 Whet;\n\n17 laugh, 1845. 30 Desu,\n\n3 / رہے کی ال\n\n// 13113/\n\n3-17-291983 5.\n\n\"\n\nموسم\n\n\"\n\n4 12 5 2 3\n\n10 15-\n\nبوهم\n\n10 15\n\n35000 27 1252 30\n\nP\n\n20 23 1⁄2 215-330\n\n216.\n\n207\n\n218.\n\n218\n\n\"\n\n#\n\n18457\n\nکیا رویه ای است\n\n219\n\n18457\n\n220.\n\n1125 1⁄2 30 17 B1⁄2 8 WAZ,\n\n396 20:37 1844 18 19 24\n\n15840 271\"\n\n\"\n\n22352 20 19 1. 3 / 18-6 12 Mughts, 18415\n\nI Mar\n\n1847.\n\n1 July, 6 Idhury, 1845.\n\n201.12.544 Files,\n\n10 Nov 2, 18471 9 Sept 2, 1845:\n\n42 234.12 6 5 Sep 284.126.8\n\n6810 984\n\n4 Mar, 1845\n\nWe the\n\n\"\n\n\"\n\nور کی\n\n15\n\nدر قم\n\n#\n\nވ މ ފ ރ\n\n5 9\n\n12 11\n\n3312.1\n\n\"\n\n33 12.1\n\n33 121.\n\n33 12:1\n\n\"\n\n31 5827154\n\nر کی ہے دیوار کی کیا 20\n\n답을 \"\n\n\"\n\n\"\n\n3718-5\n\nموهم\n\nمرحوم\n\nthe\n\nThere Cased 24pees : 1944. Grifected.\n\nPere La Pedot Uuction 9. Mar, 1846.\n\nVerchase & thuc & 24/tec 1844. For fe Au Resend\n\n18 19 2/4 H.\n\n\"\n\n1945.\n\n1. 134. 5. 467 4 2 1 year.\n\n3921\n\n3921\n\n23921\n\n2\n\nSep2, 1847 3921\n\n\"\n\n\"\n\n25 Dec\n\n195 10412392 1 & year:\n\n116 19 4 22000. 2. 2€, 3003. 10. 2\n\nIcas e\n\n\"\n\nDiretosed at Que & Dec :, 1894. Forfeited\n\nbeing the aboveist to us wold\n\nat trustion or 2; Mar, 1846. & Jur- elasid as I fot\n\n$ 2,18 will $23 the vallen brl F. But 18a, witt- 37.17 ford til me Leaves was\n\nI. Lot 7°218.\n\nMade out as\n\nMurchased at leve rupee, 1844.\n\nResumed.\n\n399580727165 15 74.25007 17",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-028 - Bonham - 1849 [1-3].txt",
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    {
        "id": 231981,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-038 - Sir Bonham - 1851 [10-12] & Public Offices - 1851 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 180,
        "title": "CO129-038 - Sir Bonham - 1851 [10-12] & Public Offices - 1851 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "less than Bhurtpoor, and although terraced in the same way, the angle is much lower. In some parts of the farm the plants are doing well, but generally they seemed to be suffering from too much water and hard plucking. I have no doubt, however, of the success of this farm, when the system of cultivation is improved. I observed some most vigorous and healthy bushes in the Overseer's garden, a spot adjoining the plantation, which could not be irrigated, and was informed they \"never received any water, except that which fell from the skies.\"\n\nIn the Bheemtai district, there are large tracts of excellent tea-land. In crossing over the hills towards Nainee Tal, with J. H. Batten, Esq., Commissioner of Kumaon, I pointed out many tracts admirably adapted for tea-cultivation, and of no great value to the natives; generally, those lands on which the mundooa is cultivated are the most suitable.\n\nI have thus described all the Government plantations in Gurhwal and Kumaon. Dr. Jameson, the Superintendent, deserves the highest praise for the energy and perseverance with which he has conducted his operations. I shall now notice the plantations of the zemindars under the superintendence of the Commissioner and Assistant Commissioner of Kumaon and Gurhwal.\n\nZEMINDAREE TEA PLANTATIONS.\n\n1st, at Lohba. This place is situated in Eastern Gurhwal, about 50 miles to the westward of Almorah, and is at an elevation of 5000 feet above the level of the sea. It is one of the most beautiful spots in this part of the Himalayas. The surrounding mountains are high, and in some parts precipitous, while in others they are found consisting of gentle slopes and undulations. On these undulating slopes there is a great deal of excellent land suitable for tea-cultivation. A few tea-bushes have been growing vigorously for some years in the Commissioner's garden, and they are now fully ten feet in height. These plants having succeeded so well, naturally induced the authorities of the province to try this cultivation upon a more extensive scale. It appears that in 1844, about 4000 young plants were obtained from the Government plantations, and planted on a tract of excellent land, which the natives wished to abandon. Instead of allowing the people to throw up their land, they were promised it rent-free upon the condition that they attended to the cultivation of the tea, which had been planted on a small portion of the ground attached to the village.\n\nThis arrangement seems to have failed, either from want of knowledge, or from design, or perhaps partly from both of these causes.\n\nMore lately, a larger number of plants have been planted, but I regret to say with nearly the same results.\n\nBut results of this discouraging kind are what any one acquainted with the nature of the tea-plant, could have easily foretold, had the treatment intended to be given it been explained to him. Upon inquiry, I found the villagers had been managing the tea-lands just as they had been doing their rice-fields, that is, a regular system of irrigation was practised. As water was plentiful, a great number, indeed nearly all, the plants seem to have perished from this cause. The last planting alluded to had been done late in the spring, and just at the commencement of the dry weather, and to these plants little or no water seems to have been given. So that in fact it was going from one extreme to another equally bad, and the result was of course nearly the same.\n\nI have no hesitation in saying that the district in question is well adapted for the cultivation of tea. With judicious management, a most productive farm might be established here in four or five years. Land is plentiful, and of little value either to the natives or to the Government.\n\n2nd, at Kutoor.-This is the name of a large district, 30 or 40 miles northward from Almorah, in the centre of which the old town or village of Byznath stands. It is a fine undulating country, consisting of wide valleys, gentle slopes, and little hills, while the whole is intersected by numerous streams, and surrounded by high mountains. The soil of this extensive district is most fertile, and is capable of producing large crops of rice, on the low irrigable lands, and the dry grains and tea on the sides of the hills. From some cause, however, either the thinness of population, or the want of a remunerative crop, large tracts of this fertile district have been allowed to go out of cultivation. Everywhere I observed ruinous and jungle-covered terraces, which told of the more extended cultivation of former years.\n\nAmongst some hills near the upper portion of this district, two small tea plantations have been formed under the patronage and superintendence of Captain Ramsay, Senior Assistant Commissioner of Kumaon. Each of them covers three or four acres of land, and had been planted about a year before the time of my visit. In this short space of time, the plants had grown into nice strong bushes, and were in the highest state of health. I never saw, even in the most favourable districts in China, any plantations looking better than these.\n\nThe crops of this district, such as rice, mundooa, and other grains, are so plentiful and cheap, as scarcely to pay the carriage to the nearest market-town, much less to the plains. In Almorah, a maund of rice or mundooa sells for something less than a rupee; barley for eight annas; and wheat for a rupee.\n\n179\n\nPage 180\n\nPage 181",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-038 - Sir Bonham - 1851 [10-12] & Public Offices - 1851 [10-12].txt",
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        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 232339,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-039 - Sir Bonham - 1852 [1-12]",
        "page_number": 200,
        "title": "CO129-039 - Sir Bonham - 1852 [1-12]",
        "content_text": "Her Majesty's Government would not, I feel assured, countenance a paper currency in place of a metallic one which is in every respect infinitely superior; and can, I think, be nothing\n\nthe relative rates which\n\nare\n\nfavoured\n\nlegally\n\nthen\n\nresigned to the Mexican dollar, rupee, and Sovereign, while practical experience convinces me that the greatest difficulty and embarrassment would arise if other than perfect coins of full weight and a fixed assignable value were admitted as a legal tender of payment.\n\nBritish Silver Money may be intrinsically inferior to the other legal coins, but what little there is of this in circulation is readily taken by all parties as a medium of exchange and will always be redeemable at the same relative rate as Mexican dollars. The importation of this Coin is characterized by the Civil Officers as an injudicious measure on the part of the Commissariat; but the Lords of the Treasury have thought otherwise, and there has never yet been reason to regret its introduction or to question the advantage of its operation generally.\n\nIn conclusion, I beg to repeat an expression of my regret at being unable, from a sense of paramount public duty, to concur with the Civil Officers in a matter which they conceive affects their private interests. I have been called upon for a formal opinion in my official capacity and could not consistently submit to His Excellency any other than I have thus done.\n\n(True Copy)\n\nMaine Colonial Secretary\n\nI have to.\n\n(Signed) John W. Smith,\n\nA. C. G.\n\nL.Y.\n\nD.EX",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-039 - Sir Bonham - 1852 [1-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 232349,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-039 - Sir Bonham - 1852 [1-12]",
        "page_number": 210,
        "title": "CO129-039 - Sir Bonham - 1852 [1-12]",
        "content_text": "been made without success to introduce \n\ninto circulation other Coins: and \n\nas every transaction of \n\nthe \n\nColony\n\nin effect a transaction \n\nwith China, which must \n\nbe \n\nfinally settled in chopped dollars, it was evident upon a prima facie view of the question that chopped dollars were best suited as a circulating medium in Hong Kong. \"This view has been verified by subsequent \n\nexperience.\n\nTo what extent is the currency at present employed circulating medium adapted to the peculiarities of the Colony?\n\nThe \n\nMoney employed was Sterling money represented in circulation by the Gold and Silver \n\nIndian \n\nCoins of the British and Indian mints, Spanish, Mexican and South American Dollars of full weight and undefaced.\n\nThe foreign coins thus introduced were made to represent the following amounts of Sterling money, viz:- \n\nThe Gold Mohur \n\nThe Rupee The Dollar \n\n29/2 \n\n1/10. \n\n4/2.\n\nThe practice of the Treasury and \n\nCommissariat has hitherto been to consider each of the above named coins a legal tender without limitation of the amount, not only for sums expressed in Sterling money, but for Contracts expressed in any \n\nof the other description. The only exceptions being copper Money and British and Indian Silver Coins of the denominations of sixpence and half a Rupee and under.\n\nPage 210\n\nPage 211",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-039 - Sir Bonham - 1852 [1-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 232351,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-039 - Sir Bonham - 1852 [1-12]",
        "page_number": 212,
        "title": "CO129-039 - Sir Bonham - 1852 [1-12]",
        "content_text": "they would accept other merchandise,\n\nmly at a rate that will secure\n\nthem\n\nfrom lose be\n\nany\n\nsudden\n\nchange\n\nin\n\nit's price in Spanish Dollars. Consequenth\n\nthe\n\nprices of commodities are maintained at a much\n\nmuch higher point\n\nin the Suneng would\n\nthan the retual fluctuations price of the Colonial justify :- This is most severely felt \"by those shares of the Community who can least afford it\n\nmeasure of\n\nM\n\n3rd It is not practically the standard\n\nvalue in the Colous; the contrary it has always bone a variable price in the real Standard, which from the founding of the Colony to the present day has been chopped Dollars. Within the recollection\n\nof\n\nthe writer it's price in the real standard has ranged from five per cent pranium to twelve per cent discount.\n\n4th\n\n,203\n\nIt affords a double standard of\n\nGold and Silver, the cril: incident to\n\nwhich\n\nare too will Kuown to require\n\nmention here, further than that the\n\nme\n\naggravated in Houghong by the pret that the fluctuations in the relative value of gold and Silver are\n\ngreater than in\n\nand\n\narry\n\ntune\n\nother\n\nsudden in China\n\nthe world.\n\npart of\n\n5th It afford a triple standed offilver!\n\nNearly all the Sterling money\n\nimported\n\nlimitations\n\nwas silver, and the Silver coins being all a legal tender, without the amount, they shouid cridently hour been made to uchange cach other at their intrinsic pars\n\nwhich\n\nمة عدة\n\nfollows, viz:-\n\nEnglish Liver 55. 125\n\n#\n\npence per Dollar 24. 527 pence per Rupee-\n\nWheries the Sovernment pars as previouely stated are\n\n50 pence per dollar.\n\n22 pence per Rupee -\n\nLY.\n\nEX",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-039 - Sir Bonham - 1852 [1-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 232356,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-039 - Sir Bonham - 1852 [1-12]",
        "page_number": 217,
        "title": "CO129-039 - Sir Bonham - 1852 [1-12]",
        "content_text": "the current rate of discount in receiving the money for Bills, they have lost to the full, more than the full extent of it in disbursing the money for either the Contractor for Government Works. They must stipulate for payment at the current rate of the day or increase the sum in their tenders to a degree that allows a safe margin for any depreciation of the Colonial Currency in comparison with silver dollars with which they have to pay for both materials and wages of labour.\n\nI have been informed by several Contractors that such is actually their practice.\n\n'But supposing the legal Coins to be at a premium of five per cent and the course of exchange the same as before, no person could tender for Bills under the rate of 2/6, which would be so much loss to Government, while the probability is that the Money thus obtained would have to be disbursed at par.\n\nAnd I believe further that the money drawn against in Singapore is placed in India at an expense of 2¼% per Rupee, kept by Government in Sterling money, and the legal rate in Singapore is 1/10 per Rupee - a loss to Government of no less than eight per cent at once arises.\n\nThere can be no question that although an apparent profit may occasionally be shown by the sale of Bills in India or London at a better rate than the rate for Spanish dollars, a serious loss results on the average from the present mode of placing the government funds in Hong Kong.\n\nThe above objections to selling Bills on Silver Dollars may be obviated; and the constant confusion in the pecuniary transactions...\n\nPage 19\n\n...\n\n \nThe given text has been proofread according to the given rules. The original text was reformatted into proper paragraphs, and minor corrections were made to spelling and spacing. No rephrasing or rewriting was done, and the original content was preserved as much as possible. The output is in HTML format using  tags for paragraphs. The page numbering information (\"Page 19\") has been retained as per the instructions.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-039 - Sir Bonham - 1852 [1-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 239668,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-058 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [8-10]",
        "page_number": 306,
        "title": "CO129-058 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [8-10]",
        "content_text": "24\n\nrtment\n\nof the Mint Master's salary. The charge of the establishments attached to the assay department and the Mint committee's office have likewise been omitted,\n\nbut as the total amount these items are debited against\n\nof\n\nthe coinage they must necessarily be exhibited in the charges of\n\nas follows.\n\nthe mint, and are as\n\nMint Master's Salary - 3786-3.\n\nMint Establishment 9212.8\n\n1941, 290-18-. Annually. (True Extract,\n\n304\n\n(Atqued) Edm. Drummond,\n\nofft Secretary to the\n\nGovt of India.\n\n(True\n\nCopy)\n\nColonial Secretary\n\n25\n\n;\n\nAssay office\n\nDr\n\n36412-5-9\n\nMint Committees Di –\n\n574--0\n\n0.-14,5-\n\nAggregating bor Rupees 16.190. Monthly or company's Rupee",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-058 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [8-10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 239913,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-059 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 130,
        "title": "CO129-059 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "These objections in the cause of the Mexican dollar; are that, it is of irregular weight and fineness easy of imitation by counterfeiters; but mainly that the common people do not know, and are reluctant to learn its inscriptions.\n\nIt is possible that the latter of these obstacles might be overcome, as has happened at Canton. But the effect would entail an amount of laborious perseverance, patient endurance and positive sacrifice, which it seems tasteful to expend upon a coin having so great merit in itself, and the supply and quality of which are so liable to suffer from the instability of the Government issuing it.\n\nThird. The adoption of the Rupee. This has not been fairly tried here. But the imperfect success of the Rupee in the Straits, where prejudice against it is naturally less than in China, is suggestive of its fate in this country. Its chief defect, however, is that its subdivisions are not decimal; and the Chinese, bred for ages to the use of the decimal.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-059 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [11-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 241296,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-062 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 321,
        "title": "CO129-062 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "18\n\nNEW ADVERTISEMENT.\n\nWANTED.\n\nWe have to acknowledge receipt of a table of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company's revised rates of Passage-money; and we have hung up the same in our office for the use of our personal friends.\n\nBy Order,\n\n2. H. CARVALHO, Secretary\n\nHongkong, 20th January, 1857.\n\nTo the Editor of the \"HONGKONG REGISTER.\"\n\nMACAO, 1st February, 1857.\n\nDEAR SIR—The 10 mandarins, who came from Shang-hae, have been here for a few hours, and having taken their dinner at Cau-qa hong, embarked in the ensuing for Casa Branca, and from there to Yan-san and Cass feathers; and 5 of them bare blue buttons. Two of the mandarins have red buttons and peso sent to Caatho to assist Yeh—and it is said, that two of them were formerly in Canton in the time of the first war with Commissioner Lin.\n\n\"Every thing here is quiet, but I say in the harbour a good many mandarin junks displaying a varying flag. Though people are at this time they cannot do any harm here, I would question, that. What could we do prevent their attacking this place and carrying away the heads of the English that are living here?\n\nI am, &c,\n\nThe Hongkong Register.\n\nHONGKONG, TUESDAY, 3 FEBRUARY, 1857.\n\nNOTICE—The Hours of Posting Wrons in the CENTRAL POST OFFICE, Hollywood Road, are on the Subirth at 11 am, and stand on the Evening of every Wednesday at 7 o'clock.\n\nSIXTY.\n\nWe recorded a pedestrian feat last week —walking to the top of Victoria Peak and back six times in twenty-four hours. The same gentleman did the same task this week in twelve hours, which shows, speaking in all honor and praise, that he is an artful dodger; for the latter feat though apparently more difficult, is in reality easier.\n\nProof—a friend of ours went up and down in fifty-seven minutes.—say one hour at four miles. Four times six's twenty-four; and good steady walking, making the trip equal to twenty-four miles in twelve hours is not very great walking.\n\nTaking all the difficulties into account on an undertaking like this is more easily carried through at one heat than in two, we have no doubt that with, or, from what we hear, without halting, the gentleman who has done the six times could easily do the eight if he set his mind on it.\n\nWe have been trying to persuade our ... C. to put himself in training and try the feat—but he says he has been once to the gap and considers that enough is as good as a feast.\n\nNo. 5. FEBRUARY 3, 1857.\n\nThe climate of London is one thing, and the climate of Hongkong is quite another.\n\na more material matter than that of Hongkong, we must decidedly feel of any corps being sent away from this place.\n\nAn urgent necessity exists for augmenting and making the most effective part of the regular police force here, many of whom do their duty conscientiously to the best of their ability—but the superintendence of London is one thing: and the superintendence in Hongkong is another.\n\nThe screw Steamer Sir James Brooke left this at noon yesterday to Hongkong, having on board three companies of Sepoys, a detachment of European Artillery-men, for service in China, despatched on the requisition at the hands of Hongkong.\n\nThe troops consisted of two companies the 29th M. N. I., the European Artillery-men, Pang, and the Company of the Rifle Company accompanying this force are Major Cheslett, Captain Cazalet, Lieut. Foote, and Passingham of the gun, Capt. Man, Lieut. Forster of the Madras Artillery, Dr. Lloyd, Assistant Surgeon, Apothecary Edwards and Sub-Conductor Ball.\n\nThe Sir James Brooke has been chartered for Twelve thousand dollars.\n\nFrom these and other causes which might be specified Hongkong is not in effect London, and a system which may do very well at the latter place may require important modifications at the former.\n\nWe can never obtain the same raw material for a police here as obtainable in London, but we certainly, both in ordinary and in extraordinary times, such as the present, can make the most of our raw—excessively raw material.\n\nFirst: we would make the men effective by putting them on duty for a four hours beat; and if that could not be done conveniently from the central police station, we would do it from three stations—East, West, and Central.\n\nThe S.S. Auckland brought about 100 tons of shot, shell and ammunition from Pinang last week, which will be sent to China as soon as possible.\n\nBraitonore crew Pressa, Jan. 22.\n\nOn the arrival of the Mail at 6.30 PM of Sunday the 1st February we did, for the convenience of our subscribers, what we have not done before—viz: apply for a pass for two coolies to carry the respective Papers, which will secure early delivery.\n\nTwo passes were granted dated 10th January good for 21 days, the time expiring on the 31st January. Of course the 1st February was beyond the pale of the pass but coming direct from the Superintendent of Police we deemed it all right, thinking that police matters were going on in their usual cuddle.\n\nIn this belief the passes were on the night of the 2nd instant given to two of our Chinese Compositors to take them home, and we were somewhat astonished on being awakened at half past twelve, and informed, that our men were in custody.\n\nWe went down to the police office, and there we found the authorities pondering over the passes, and wondering to see the names of the boys written in red pencil, that being the color of the printing of the new passes.\n\nWe explained that a red pencil is a very common article in a printing office and that the names had been written in with that; then on making ourselves responsible for the lads we saw them let go.\n\nMARRIAGE.\n\nAt Belgrave-square, on the 24th November, the wife of Admiral Sir T. COCHRANE, of a Son.\n\nAt Victoria, Cox, ELIZABETH SANDERS.\n\nMarriage Register xi:10.\n\nON SUNDAY, the 1st instant, the P. & O. Co.'s steamer Cadiz arrived with the English mails of 10th Dec.; from Singapore 24th, Penang 21st, Chusan 9th and Bombay 1st January.\n\nThe general news from Europe are of a most uninteresting description: and they are our readers have had them in the Extra we delivered on the arrival of the mail.\n\nThe Cadiz brings on:-\n\nOPIUM—For Cumsingmoon,.....875 chests,\n\nHongkong, 216\n\nWunsung.......435\n\nTotal—1581 chests,\n\nTREASURE\n\nFor Hongkong 459,965 dollars\n\nShanghai 479,697\n\nCanton 29,072\n\nTotal—1,126,831 dollars\n\nSTOCK OF TEA IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, November 30, 1856.\n\nLondon\n\n...t. 86,786,000 19,115,000\n\nercel...\n\nHull and other English Ports\n\nFaith and\n\nGlas other Foreign Ports\n\nIreland...\n\nStock, 30th November, 1856..\n\ndo, do. 1855.\n\n1,000,000 2,000,000 2,933,000 1,130,000\n\n1,700, una\n\n.67,214,009\n\nSome doubt having been felt in the trade as to when the next reduction of the duty on tea would come into operation, an inquiry was sent to the Board of Customs: the Board stated in reply, that on the 6th of April next the duty will be reduced from 1s. 9d to 1s. 3d. per pound.—one News.\n\nCHINA SHIPPING.\n\nArrivals.\n\nAt London, November 12, Orient from Shang-hae: 21. Cûnger, from Canton; 29, John Wade, from Foo-chow; 2, Coega, from Foo-chow: $5, Flery Cross, from Foo-chow 2, Sff from Canton 27, Sea Witch Gram Foo-chaw; a fon Taylor, from Foo-chow; 24, Rant of Hyland, from Shangte; December 1. Lorena, from Canton; 1, Kangaroo, from Canton; 5. Lente Sophie, from Foo-chow, Daphne.\n\nfrom Canton, Celualat, from Canton; Julin, from Canton.\n\nAt Liverpool, November 23, Viking, from Foo-chow; 28,\n\nAt Pen. Dom Canton,\n\nWe observe that H. M.'s brig of war Camilla, Commander Civil, from the Cape of Good Hope, Nov. 15th passed Anjer on the 7th inst. bound to China—strife Tema January 20.\n\nHOME NEWS\" Nov. 20.\n\nH. M. Str, —Notice is given that preparations are now making for the intended distribution of proceeds arising from the Greek brigantines Chrissys, apprehended on May 22, 1855, by H. M. S. Niger.\n\nBranded dise Heriblad, captured on May 19, 1855, by H. M. S. Nya; tribution of proceeds arising from the Greek esse and for the intended distribution of proceeds arising the Gruss, vessel Pagis requifio.espted on 30, 1855, by ET. 31. S.\n\nThe Charlotte June, for Shanghai, which put back to undergo thorough repair, will sail again on the 15th of January, having discharged her cargo, and, being leaky.\n\nSecond we would provide for a more effective superintendence from sun down to sun rise either by a four or a three hours' compulsory patrol of the inhabitants, which would be no hard task on 150 to 200 men.\n\nThese are the first imperative alterations or amendments, but—\n\nThird; we would put the men into barracks and in effect, put them, as nearly as possible under military discipline.\n\nThe man who would not submit to that discipline is not fit for a police-man, and a smaller force of well cared for men would be infinitely more valuable than the no-cared for rag tag and bob-tail that we now call police.\n\n\"COMMERCIAL SHIPPING NEWS\" The John Wade from China to London, as Arrived in the Tower, She lost her main, tort, and mizzen mast, and re-rigged mast, off the Cape of Good Hope on August 11.\n\nShe sailed from St. Helena on Sept. 22.\n\nAt the present moment—What is the best part of the police, as far as acting in a body is concerned, and as far as looks go? Why the Gaol brigade.\n\nThey step well together, and they carry their arms as if they know how to use them, neither of which assertions can be made of the rest of the police force.\n\nAnd what does this smart active clearly appear to arise from, but from discipline.\n\nThey are in barracks; they have good wholesome food: they are properly drilled, and the result follows, which always follows when men are well cared for, and well disciplined.\n\nA contemporary recommends a mounted patrol.\n\nThe Times are serious, and perhaps it might cheer the spirits of the colonists to see a mounted policeman with his trousers half way up his leg. his legs swaying backwards and forwards like pendulums, in what the equestrian, audaciously, imagines is rising to the trot of the bony police charger; while by his side clatters a word, that he could not draw—or use if he drew.\n\nWe have no fault to find with the policeman, nor with Janier Burton, who captured the two lads, nor with his superiors who were trying to see out a\n\nWe record without either regret or astonishment the above event.\n\nIt is another sign and are we less amused at the figure of certain superior officers who lean back to prevent the jar of the canter on their spinal column.\n\nAmusement is sometimes very useful, and we expect that amusement would be the extent of the utility of a mounted patrol.\n\nWe have given serious advice about the police, and finding that of no avail we have attacked them by ridicule; but they are thick-skinned animals, and we fear we are far from having pricked them into watchfulness by our sting.\n\nWe will not give up our task however, knowing how much depends on the vigilance of the police, and as vigilance is not natural in them, as it certainly is not, we shall try and establish it as an exotic which perhaps with due care may become a thriving plant.\n\nFirst then, the whole system of the police is wrong.\n\nThe day duty extends from six o'clock in the morning to ten o'clock at night, and night duty from ten o'clock at night until six o'clock in the morning.\n\nAll the changes of the day and night duty being effected from the central police station.\n\nThe hours of patrolling of each constable on night service is for the whole extent of the time.—night hours.\n\nWe believe this is the London system; and may for anything we know answer very well there; and perhaps it would answer very well here, if all the conditions were the same as they are in London, which they are not.\n\nOfficers,\n\nServants\n\nHank & Pike\n\nArtificers,\n\nFollowers 22, servants 18,\n\nDATA.\n\n2. 37.N.T Art.N.L\n\nDepartures.\n\nNovember 28th Armitage, for Shanghai: 23, Countess of Rarfield, for Shanghae; December,\n\n8, Mencide, fur Sigita\n\nThe amount of bills drawn by the East India Company on their respective Presidencies, from the 26th ult. to the 9th inst, is as follows:-\n\n£  s. d.\n\nBengal......442,920 12\n\nRate of Exchange. 91 2. Od. per Cus\n\nMadras 46,097 U\n\n9 Rupee.\n\nBombay 4,263 6\n\n28. 04. per ditto.\n\nTotal........£22,077 9\n\n4\n\n--Atlas, December 10.\n\nTHE Band of the 59th Regiment will perform to-morrow on the Parade Ground, weather permitting, at 4 PM, the following pieces:-\n\n1.—Prince Albert: March --Kilmer\n\n2.—Spanish Volonaise,--Isrypsant.\n\n3.—Aric. Finale Lip Sonnambula. Bellini 4.—Royal Irish Quadrille's,—Julien,\n\n—Dalkeith Piwo Waltz—Labicky.\n\n—Maltese Gallop—no\n\nH. M. Str, Barracouta arrived from Canton on Monday morning; the only news she brings is the account of an attempt to Fire to the Comus.\n\nThe night was very dark and two fire rafts came down and were close on the vessel before they were seen—one was boomed off by the fire boom. but the other worked on to and carried away the spanker boom.\n\nThe ropes about the bow were nearly burnt through.\n\nThe H. C. steamer Auckland returned to this port from Pinang on Friday last, bringing on for service in China about 159 Tons of shot, shell, and ammunition.\n\nThe Auckland brought on from Pinang the following officers and troops for service in China:\n\nMajor Cheslett 29th M. N. I.\n\nCaptain Cazalet,\n\nLiu, Foote,\n\nPassingham\n\n»\n\nTwo Companies Sepoys 20th M. N. I.\n\nCaptain Man, Madras Artillery.\n\nLieut. Forster,\n\nForty Europeans\n\nDr. Lloyd, Assistant Surgeon.\n\nApothecary Edwards.\n\nSh.Conductor Ball.\n\nFor the purpose of conveying the above Officers and Troops to Canton the Bore Company's steamers steamer St James Brooke has been chartered, and sails to-morrow for Whampoa.\n\nThe sum of Dals, Twelve Thousand for the trip and coals are the terms upon which the steamer has been chartered.\n\nAs the sement of troops from India has commenced Calcutta and Madras. The way with China as be we may look forward for speedy reinforcements from entered upon with a large military force, stronger than employed during the last war—Siraits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce, January 20.\n\nIn consequence of the pressing request of the Governor of Hongkong, General Bodelt has resolved to\n\nsend away to-morrow the Rifle Company of the 39th M. N. I with Capt. Bark and Lieut. Cos.\n\nConcerning the (From our Overland Edition.)\n\nCUMSTAL OF ARTUM AND NINE OTHERS ACCUSED TO POISON.—Particulars of the attempt to poison the whole community by bread from the E-sing Bakery will be found elsewhere.\n\nThe partner of the firm, Ahlum, arrested at Macao, was brought back, and after an examination before the Magistrates, was committed with nine others to take his trial at the Criminal Sessions this month.\n\nThe trial will commence on Monday next.\n\nOn Wednesday last an application was made to the Court to have the money seized or Ahlem's premises given up to pay for his defence.\n\nAttorney General, backed by the affidavit of two of Altun's creditors, resisted the application. stating in his as courteous manner that he did so to prevent the money being Thundered or squandered in his defence.\n\nThe Counsel, in support of the motion, seemed to think the Attorney General was using strong language. when, of course, the Attorney General repeated\n\nthe bill for Aldam's defence being paid out of the money, after it was laid before and approved of by His Lordship.\n\nHis Lordship very properly sustained the Attorney General, except of course as regarded his insinuations.\n\nThe prisoners will be well defended—they have two Attorneys and two Barristers.\n\nChinese New Year.—The Chinese New Year fell on Monday, the 25th Instant.\n\nIt is usually a scene of noisy rejoicing for several days and nights.\n\nIn London they have the pick of the very best labor of the country,—they will not other.\n\nHere our only easier is from bad request the Authorities to stop the usual expenditure of fire-works as a means of preventing the probability of fire.\n\nAided by this support, the Government issued an order that there should be no fireworks, let off.\n\nIn consequence, the New Year has passed without any of the usual rejoicings, showing, that if we choose to exercise it, we have a power of repression, especially if we show ourselves earnest in the matter.\n\nIn London, the men are well paid, and properly housed and cared for.\n\nHere they are not well paid—they live where they can, in low and dirty hovels, and no one cares for them.\n\nIn London, the care and training of strong healthy men originally, make them still stronger and handier—they are quite able, though not useless to walk their eight hours beat without inconvenience, to keep awake and be an effective sure of praise, and rewards, and promotion—give them up and retire.\n\nHere the want of care and discipline makes men in the end, neither strong nor healthy at the first, so they never were able to walk an eight hours beat steadily; they have little or nothing to look forward to.they are not likely to be praised in their present state.\n\nthe rewards they obtain are paltry and the promotion is a doubt full affair.\n\nSee the case of a licenum, who by great pluck at sea single-handed more off an armed gang of Chinese at Aberdeen, he was rewarded with ten dollars until we\n\nstate of our Settlement, and that the Chinese population ? shazed the government in to giving more.\n\nThe Admiral in reply to the muy treacherous attempts made against us on the morning of 19th inst. sent ashore several parties of Sailors and Marines, who set fire to the western suburbs in the neighborhood and above Sa-men; this work was carried out successfully by the boats of the Niger, Encounter, and Barracouta.\n\nThe men of the Fifty-ninth were also detailed to fire the Streets behind the Factories but, owing to loosing their way in the labyrinth of Streets in that neighborhood they had to return without effecting their object.\n\nAmen of the 59th, with a Lieutenant, a Sergeant, and 20 men of the 59th, with a Sergeant and six men of the Police, who are to return, by a Mail Steamer\n\nAnswer---I do.\n\nOn the\n\nCras and by Mr. Jay—I'm not aware that the delivered the remainder of our bread to Mr. May at the Police Court on the evening of the following day.\n\nQuestion—Do you not, as an Editor, make it your Ahlam's father, when the ninth prisoner was not in the neighborhood of the Yamun of the Governor General Yeh caused a conflagration of some extent.\n\nIn the body of the paper will be found Maui-General Yeh caused a conflagration of some extent. The whole operation was effected with a loss of two men of the Fifty-ninth killed and about six wounded; the latter are doing, worth attention.\n\nOn the 14th I went over to the E-sing shop to have conversation with Ahlam about that contract only\n\nQuestion—Then Sir, do you mean to say you did not know that E-Bing had a bakery near the American Naval Store.\n\nAnswer—What have I to do as an Editor of Newspaper with B-ring's stores.\n\nI wanted to say that I know of a bakery being near the Dutch Fallyly were repulsed, and the Admiral bombarded the city from the Fort and the Niger\n\nOn Sunday night, the 18th instur, an attack against foreigners, us against their own Government, was made by large force of Chinese on the Dutch Fallyly were repulsed, and the Admiral bombarded the city from the Fort and the Niger\n\nIt is a remonstrance made by, know that E-Bing had a bakery near the American Naval Store.\n\nRead, however, distinctively, it shews the prejudices which have to be overcaico before English: Commerce can again take its fitting intration of laying, be had only put it up to deceive the mandrains, who had been troubling him.\n\nI told him, the garden and, after establishing his quarters in Jous WAY-fam stoward the Sultana, I know the Tee-to-tum fort, came down here on the 23d\n\nMARKETA—Notwithstanding the warlike operations which have been carried on since the departure of the Calcutta steamer on the 28 ult. I was in the shoved the 15 January a little po\n\nasked if he had his family with him here.\n\nHe said, no bad business to attend to and he would walk home This was between 3 and 4 г.M.\n\nWalle going over A-I am a coolie at Dr. Handsome Bing's work, and people look upon the affair as jou.\n\nThe charter is, we believe, to be given up, and as brought to a close, business will be recommened in this stepio, ut rates equal to these last quoted, the\n\nmen\n\nmgements are making for getting the City in this stepio, ut rates equal to these last quoted, the\n\nPROTECTION OF THE ISLAND—The absolute necessity for a local gun-boat being apparent, the government chartered the steamer Eaglet at the present.\n\nAnse-am cook to Dr. Harland.\n\nOn the 19th: Ten-to the end of the war, as he would make a good thing of it, and be protected.\n\nHe said he did not wish to go, bs that had ba throstened several times, And that at the presunt cunt there were 03 Mandarins in Hongkong in disguisu.\n\nI tot aim that if he would report them to the Police he would be pro-tected\n\nanswered, that when we reached tbo bakery he would show me that he had a large amount of propar-tyin stake; and that he would take ray advise and remain.\n\nWhen we got to the bakery the people were mixing water and dough in diferentrooms in the place.\n\nI asked him to return with, having satisfied myself there was enough bread in the drying on to fulfil the contract;\n\nvery heavy sum of four thousand dollars per 468. In Cotton there have been no issues since unry Ifved some bread from the E-ging shop, from tha\n\nThe vessel was totally unfit for the late of our last Overiand, but it is cnticipated Ferson who usually brought the bread he is not among he said no bad business to attend to and he would walk reanth.\n\nilo prisoner.\n\nThe broad was bought at about 7.30.\n\nA-I am a coolie at Dr. Handsaw Bing's work, and people look upon the affair as jou.\n\nCruse examined by Dr. Bree—Julien gs in Smapsou left for Amoy on the 26th instant, considerable difference is made in the figures where we infer she will be stationed for the\n\nPROTECTION OF THE ISLAND\n\nORIENTAL BANK CORPORATION.\n\nEXAGON.\n\nOn London, reputas sight, ds, Yu.\n\nCalcutta—3 days' sight. Rivos 215 per $100.\n\nBombay Rugs sis per $100.\n\nCREDIT AND OTHER BILLS\n\nOn Englunds.bid, a 15.97d---¤months' sight.\n\nOn Rotsbey,--3 days' sight, Rupees 216.\n\nOn Calenta,--3 days' sight, Rupees 216.\n\nSUPREME COURT.\n\nCriminal Seibione, February 2, 1857 POISONING CASE, (First Day.)\n\nJery.—Morers, M. A. MACLEOD, W. H.\n\nSerros, Jous\n\nL.JALL\n\npris CLCES,\n\nW. A. HAILAND, I have always paid for bread from he was doing, and of his clarinetion to use.\n\nTà\n\nstatement Alum made that he guld shu bakery to rau is the E-sing up before the 15th January, and Dr.\n\nChalecost ad Dr. Hance partook the lead delivered ise.\n\nSince I gare my evidence before the Magistrate 1 was asked, na the prismass' behalf, by Mr. Mar, 20 that morning.\n\nAbout an hour afterwards I felt ck and faint, and Ehortly afterwards voted, and falconsider my statement about the 6 fandarins.\n\n* in my stomach.\n\nI took an emette which operated, had come from Allum to ask me to reconsider the answer sad I felt caster, bat in about two hours bail about the 63 Mandarins, Alam, asked me on the examt- I returned.\n\nThe next morning I had a violent headurba and felt weak in my limbs, Dr. Hance took an emeric,\n\nzakon, jî he did not any lie had been told about the co and felt weak in my limbs, Dr. Hance took an emeric, Mandards.\n\nI never was in the bakery before.\n\nI never saw na alan di Dr. Chaldecott before they were sick.\n\nThe the tenth prisnuut in the bakery.\n\nThe contract was for the latter gentleman had once more bread than any of us.\n\nsupply of 28 to 29,000lbs. bise it; it was made verbally with What breakfast a gentleman fed to say some\n\nAhim.\n\nI never made a contract with the tenth prisonet.\n\nof his friends were sick, they said in a simila. maner to that which I have descried.\n\nIlonk woon Abinon as the principal,and the teh prisoner to that which I have descried.\n\nza is assistant.\n\nMy visits were on large madere of busi- bat bread.\n\nness, and therefore not very frequent.\n\nWhen I had a contewer with him awuld occasionally drep in three or Torre severely then others.\n\nfour times a weak to see how, it was going on.\n\nI have gone, to sell flour to his.\n\nI would not conclude a wa-Tract with tenth prisoner, bat would have a juossega with him for Ahlam.\n\nI do not think he speaks English; a bread, I got a loaf from Mr. Grandpre which be said he\n\npureer was always present.\n\nAhium said the mandarinswore har! taken with his own hand from the E-sing shop, and hostile to hit in consequence of hie hating broed for the brought to me; text day I got bread from Mr. Drinker foragnet As we were going to the bakery we saw a boat and Dr. Dempster.\n\nladen with wood.\n\nIn ask me to pull to it as he wanted so ask the price, and buy if possible.\n\nIpofled upto it, and be told me he had bought it at a picul and a half for a dollar.\n\nI said it was dear.\n\nHe repbed it was dry wood We allerwards and an anolytie to ascertain the and adapted for the lakery.\n\nOn my return raw the D Bridges and Dir. Day Cowl Messrs. Gaskell quantity, and found that in a pound lost there was\n\nboat discharging on the warf and Brown with Ms. H. J. Turrant Solicitors for pri-a dram of arsenic ( grains).\n\nIn the bread it sz isted as common white arsenic.\n\nThe brand 1 est and souers.\n\nrested was brown bread, the other bread that zested was white bread.\n\nAll contained arsenie.\n\nMuch less than a hoef of bread would cause death.\n\nThe police cought me same yeast, and the materials for usk\n\n(Court adjourned at 2.30)\n\nIn reply to a question by the Cout. Du. Harland said, he had been requested by the Colonial Secretary Lo macke an analysis that he il so and the results were the same.\n\nThe unalysis was ronde in presence of Dr. Bradford Dr. Watson Dr. Keany and Dr. Dempster.\n\nThrough the Ceart, st instance of the Attomey Gan al. Tie symptoms drzevibed by the witness56, I have beard are those of poisoning by arsenic,\n\nA. GRANDPLE, The hell I gary to Dr. Harland,\n\ndcen strut, on the 16th January.\n\nI was at the Cental Polis Sation, and told a poison to take the yeast dear to hr. Havland.\n\nCross examined by Dr. Bridge—Inew the E sing HOO of Argon stress, MO SAY T Teen's\n\nRe-erambie, Tls it episode of the wood wa aft I had deraanded proof that he was going to reisio, as were not entladed with bis simple leclaration.\n\nThe conversation with the boatman was in Chinese.\n\nI saw no. money pass between Alum and the bout man.\n\nThis was the day before he left for Macao.\n\nThe prisoner Ahëwn statement before the Magistrates\n\nFarul.\n\nWALKING. An extraordinary pedestrian feat the been performed in Derbyshire.\n\nÀ man named Alfred Helson undertook to walk on six enceessive days the distance of 70 miles a-day.\n\nHe commenced his per-formance on Monday, July 20, and completed it with Case Saturday, the 26th at doing it within the specified time.\n\nThe 70 miles were usually walked in about 14 hours, hut on one of the days they were com pleted in 12.\n\nWhile on travel he took very little food, Except beef les or a tehell hit of matzon baff cooked unl Elle stimulans occasionally.\n\nIn stature he is about\n\na somewhat intriligent countenance.\n\nWhen on travel abon had a slight swing with his arius, and appeared to be going at the steady ate of some three miles an hour, and it was only when any one atletal to keep\n\na large fleet of heavily armed junks—turned and Lenox, W. A. Bowna, ED. T. Descassos, Geono\n\nOn the run back the patent log was came back.\n\ntried; when under the land, partly out of the very ChaoпG ARCUK, 4-Lum Ausow, 5-T AUZTEN,\n\n1.-ČEROVA Akopow, 2-UpsoNG AMZER, heavy sea that was runing, the log was agan-Tove Na ost, 7-Cucing Auxen, 8-Forg A hove, and she was found to be making at the CHUT, S.-CHEONG Azam, 10, Carong Wre Kero, rate of twelve miles an hour.\n\nShe was par dúministering prism with intent c\n\nThe Honble Thomas C. Ansty Alloney General; round twice, and she made the circuit in 13 minutes-out time, 43 minutes the ather, Mr. Hickso: Cheam Saficitor, amistad by Mr. George\n\nCooper Turuer.\n\ncatting her wake in both instances, Reach. ed Hongkong atfive.\n\nThere was also a good facility of the way in which she started and stopped;--shu\n\nThe Atorney General stated the case and called was stopped twice, once at Ling-ting\n\nJAYTA CARROLL DEMISTER—I am Colonial Surgeon.\n\nthe fleet of junks there, once to overhaul a B-\n\nI have been in the habit before the 15th January of ob picious locking boat; the trial in both case was taining lead from the E-sing shop belonging to the two entisfactory.\n\nWhen she gets the hurricane decking: prisonera.\n\nAt 5 ming bebe 8 AM of the 100 ing yeast, also some flour, and some pastry, fata the sad the after enbiu taken off her, she will in the January, I and my family partock of stained bakery.\n\nThey were only examined to see if they ent for the E-sing shop, at breakfeat.\n\nAfter Ms. Dzapater taiued any metalic potson, but there was neither draeuic event of being hired by the Government and\n\nhad eaten a small portion of the bread she felt giddy and nor say other metalic poison in them, Bick.\n\nAfter leaving the breakfast table, she was taken properly manned and armed, prove of great value in defending the feland, and letting us know what sick I bought nothing of it at the tima.\n\nI walked out to the verandah to exoko a cheroot.\n\nWhile holding a is going on outside.\n\nOLD CUSTOM—A Chinese reason for dingo stick to the class, I became sick and vomited-1 thenght nothing; of it, but wont in my chair to the polico any thing is, that it is \"Old Ghetero,\" Our hospita..\n\nWhen I reached the entrance leading my ba the governcams, the next most stable and conserva-jail, I became sick and ocuumed sick all the way tive after that of China, follows this rule exactly, te the hospital, and was sick unui a quarter to 10 AMI vomited very viniently.\n\nMrs. Dempster was and we have an instance of it now under our\n\neck on to 12 or 1 o'clock that right.\n\nThe next evening. eyes.\n\nThe Minie Rides for the Fifty-ninth love the 18th, about 8 FM, I forwarded the remainder of the arrived in the City of Carlisle, the amunition is to bread to Dr. Hzclazu for the purpose of, is being analy- was taken from the E-sing sop, ut the bottom of Aber- the middle height, this, extremely tauscular, end having come by and bye in another ship.\n\nIn the mean-se.\n\nI did not take the bread myself to De. Hari\n\nCroy Bunned by Dr. Badges, Ablein the sinth time the dal for long ranges has commenced, as fax as can go on the only tolerably level picce up in my own road I got it to Dr. Harlund.\n\nprisoner is the only one I know, I kept the bread locked nd we have the Happy Valley.\n\nI seat the bread by a confie dauer) Abai OLIVOLTZA—This corvette, one of H. I.\n\nAIAL— servant to Dr. Dempster cani u 1. vessels, which formed part of the Russian paper pacel on Dr. Dempster to Dr. Farinud, et le squadron sighted in Castrica Ray by Commodore 16th Junang.\n\nI do not know what was in it.\n\nMy master gave it to ine\n\nA CUMONT,-- Umi sorvant to Dr. Dempster, on the 15th theBrothers,' about twelve uules' distance from this larber.\n\nHaving been in these Eastern January, rected some bread at my inster's door from two men belonging to the £-sing's shop.\n\nThey ars nor gave it to my Master to eat.\n\nwalers for a period of seven years, it was found among the prisnare.\n\nNCCPERATY that she sheld indago a complete | This was about seven o'eloel.. i panded it on the hrakfast overhaul before departing Europe.\n\nThis is table.\n\nWH. TARKANT,-Ian Elitor of this Friend of Chin mw being done, and slic will probably take her\n\nfrith E-sing shop down in the 163: Jammy.\n\nThrow denature for Europe within three weeks.\n\nHer weaper.\n\nI have been in the habit of obtaining bread Commander. Caprala Koroolt, formerly com-\n\nthen sh and 10th prisoners to be competen with the sang shop 7 14 is acullecion ofsets; manded the little steamer Vostuck, which. sa clever-\n\nto sancos Mr. May was not present when the known to face for menfacturing but necessity for the ly cluding the English aruizers, ran into Sharr de 21, the last i know of him was wred-delivarer, then, Mr. Mercer, and M. May sing and enguling\n\ntwo bast prisoners were brought my zxamination.\n\nT! Colonial Attorney General's former audiences-night hae, carrying to the Russian Admiral important is the munging partner; and the 10th is his facher, acting as gel assistant in die shop Queen's Real nawa branght from Europe by English steiners.\n\nWest.\n\nI have soon is there frequentis, perhape ouco ever remember the Tastices of the Face sitting at he is preparing for the Treas as Acrount of the\n\nPo Station as a criminal charge.\n\nThe Chief Me Colony over which he rules.—Bengal Kartars, Dee. 1.\n\nCapt. Kursaceff's urbanity and gentlemanly bear out of erary two visits.\n\nI aw the first priser about 4\n\namination was going on at the Pulics Station.\n\nJustices ing has caused him to be recognised—not only or 5 anys below the 5th January, he was sitting down into was sitting at the Podro Court winle tais ex- of the lense were also sitting as the Police Curt.\n\nB by those who were then uentrals, but by those in my office and presented nes bill from his master.\n\nI told him, Lin, as the hili was not recoipied, if he would leave it I world look rait.\n\nIle suid is unster was going away, and may action to sit down as it he tended to the Police Cont.\n\nThe reusabing 10 prisoners enllred, though we cannot say it has distanced, wais mtb was paid.\n\nScing Le was inclined to be are still detained.\n\nThey are at the Crise rout Station, the Fraue shoul, in the matte ci wrecks.\n\nThey 1izod him by the colitr, amil old him, cal his posite Gibb, Livingston & Co.'s Godowns They American clipper Golden Racer, ton laden, forster might go to the devil if they pleased, and (thrust have been in custody from the 15th January.\n\nI cant in out of the office, I have soch the sand piery wether or not the Attorney Gener 100k may part it the examination at Cas Police Station, he was moving the United Statee, on her departure from the many occasicus, I saw Jam at the best held on the hous, but that was too crowded far me to distinguish\n\nChantes Mar—The yeast & delivered t pert, struck on the cuter knoll, and was totally body found on heal the Title.\n\nOn that occasion he deserihea homself as purse's tuate on board the Tisk\n\nThe Flyaway is also said to This was carly in January.\n\nTo the best of my best the cry.\n\nInsperor Beyis carried them to the Poltes Stution.\n\n\"Cross-tramined by D. Urbiges, I set with Mr. Mermer have grounded at the mouth of the river.\n\nbut unenca st the way in which the 2nd prisoner gave on the evening of the 15th Janamry to enuiluet the m having reived no serious damage, she proceed-bis avilence on the quest, obeted is in bringing quiry.\n\nI was about to commence the enquiry ut 2.30, fe; she wore her boanet, already on bre, from her bead,\n\ncame of her crew.\n\ned on her voyage.\n\nHe-anúž--1 tiöver saw tie tentli prispace heiro, i Silap before this occurrence.\n\nThey disp at the 's mo~) poca mutiran\n\nRoad Kust, they are about a mile part the bread is uusi pane was probably from four to six miles an hour.\n\ncarted lean one to the olur.\n\nAbout two years ago the Linti song was the sharptor of the Thixile.\n\nIn on- -G'que.\n\nhead need to be baked at the chup, but not lately, a fhe tock pince there about that the knew Alful be\n\nTHY GEMINI—Mr. Ühisi.olm Anstey, formerly one for the 15th January.\n\nI have seen him often.\n\nHe was of the most successtil step.compellers in the fon niwaya sal to be the mister of a single\n\nOf Commons, but now Attorney General at Hongkong, Out ca the bakery and abop about 59 pecats were has nuagel to brenme bis com client, and we all know restod on the 15th.\n\nThey were taken before e Juskáve of what that indicates!\n\nA reieresco to the action in which the Feare, Clintles May Esq., sesalonger Justice of Peaco\n\nhe is defendant will be found in another columu ex- were penis west the Caud Police Station.\n\ntracted from the Hongkong Register, and we hope here- after to be able to copy tlist report of the trial.\n\nthe first day Mr. Stercer Mr. Gli and Mr. Gry were present on the second day the Attomey General was prescal.\n\nThe Cental Police Station is not the Mana! place for criminal examinations, bulk clacy whers asional held there.\n\nI have seen the Atoring Gen- A BAYS Wouse.—A passenger on board the North- an Indiana, which was recently burned on Lake Erie, gives au recount of the narrow escape of Cicero Fowler and wife, of Tally.\n\nThere was but one he-preserver for Lant she should put it on, abo peremptity refused, Mss.\n\nFowler and her husband; he fusisted imperatively saying she was \"poce in hanth, and his \"hfe was worth far more then hers!\"\n\nThe preserver. having no strap, Mrs. Fowler tore the bad from her dress and fastened it to her husband, whom she contisued to encourage, seying she could hold on to him, nad of the preserver cold not sustain both, she would let go, and leave his to save himself.\n\nThe fire was getting hitter and hotter.\n\nThe water was the's with human bodies, struggling for\n\nwhen Mr. Mercer came in, and 1 invites him to take a and hand in hand with one she loved better dan herself, part in it.\n\n1 was conducting the enquiry as the Superia! H. M. Str, Barracontu arrived from Canton on Monday morning; the only news she brings is the account of an attempt to Ret tre to the Comus.\n\nOn the 14th I went over to the E-sing shop to have conversation with Ahlam about that contract only\n\nOn Sunday night, the 18th instur, an attack against foreigners, us against their own Government, was made by large force of Chinese on the Dutch Fallyly were repulsed, and the Admiral bombarded the city from the Fort and the Niger\n\nIt is a remonstrance made by, know that E-Bing had a bakery near the American Naval Store.\n\nRead, however, distinctively, it shews the prejudices which have to be overcaico before English: Commerce can again take its fitting intration of laying, be had only put it up to deceive the mandrains, who had been troubling him.\n\nI told him, the garden and, after establishing his quarters in Jous WAY-fam stoward the Sultana, I know the Tee-to-tum fort, came down here on the 23d\n\nMARKETA—Notwithstanding the warlike operations which have been carried on since the departure of the Calcutta steamer on the 28 ult. I was in the shoved the 15 January a litle po\n\nasked if he had his family with him here.\n\nHe said, no bad business to attend to and he would walk home This was between 3 and 4 г.M.\n\nWalle going over A-I am a coolie at Dr. Handsome Bing's work, and people look upon the affair as jou.\n\nThe charter is, we believe, to be given up, and as brought to a close, business will be recommened in this stepio, ut rates equal to these last quoted, the\n\nmen\n\nmgements are making for getting the City in this stepio, ut rates equal to these last quoted, the\n\nPROTECTION OF THE ISLAND—The absolute necessity for a local gun-boat being apparent, the government chartered the steamer Eaglet at the present.\n\nAnse-am cook to Dr. Harland.\n\nOn the 19th: Ten-to the end of the war, as he would make a good thing of it, and be protected.\n\nHe said he did not wish to go, bs that had ba throstened several times, And that at the presunt cunt there were 03 Mandarins in Hongkong in disguisu.\n\nI tot aim that if he would report them to the Police he would be pro-tected\n\nanswered, that when we reached tbo bakery he would show me that he had a large amount of propar-tyin stake; and that he would take ray advise and remain.\n\nWhen we got to the bakery the people were mixing water and dough in diferentrooms in the place.\n\nI asked him to return with, having satisfied myself there was enough bread in the drying on to fulfil the contract;\n\nvery heavy sum of four thousand dollars per 468. In Cotton there have been no issues since unry Ifved some bread from the E-ging shop, from tha\n\nThe vessel was totally unfit for the late of our last Overiand, but it is cnticipated Ferson who usually brought the bread he is not among he said no bad business to attend to and he would walk reanth.\n\nilo prisoner.\n\nThe broad was bought at about 7.30.\n\nA-I am a coolie at Dr. Handsaw Bing's work, and people look upon the affair as jou.\n\nCruse examined by Dr. Bree—Julien gs in Smapsou left for Amoy on the 26th instant, considerable difference is made in the figures where we infer she will be stationed for the\n\nPROTECTION OF THE ISLAND\n\nORIENTAL BANK CORPORATION.\n\nEXAGON.\n\nOn London, reputas sight, ds, Yu.\n\nCalcutta—3 days' sight. Rivos 215 per $100.\n\nBombay Rugs sis per $100.\n\nCREDIT AND OTHER BILLS\n\nOn Englunds.bid, a 15.97d---¤months' sight.\n\nOn Rotsbey,--3 days' sight, Rupees 216.\n\nOn Calenta,--3 days' sight, Rupees 216.\n\nSUPREME COURT.\n\nCriminal Seibione, February 2, 1857 POISONING CASE, (First Day.)\n\nJery.—Morers, M. A. MACLEOD, W. H.\n\nSerros, Jous\n\nL.JALL\n\npris CLCES,\n\nW. A. HAILAND, I have always paid for bread from he was doing, and of his clarinetion to use.\n\nTà\n\nstatement Alum made that he guld shu bakery to rau is the E-sing up before the 15th January, and Dr.\n\nChalecost ad Dr. Hance partook the lead delivered ise.\n\nSince I gare my evidence before the Magistrate 1 was asked, na the prismass' behalf, by Mr. Mar, 20 that morning.\n\nAbout an hour afterwards I felt ck and faint, and Ehortly afterwards voted, and falconsider my statement about the 6 fandarins.\n\n* in my stomach.\n\nI took an emette which operated, had come from Allum to ask me to reconsider the answer sad I felt caster, bat in about two hours bail about the 63 Mandarins, Alam, asked me on the examt- I returned.\n\nThe next morning I had a violent headurba and felt weak in my limbs, Dr. Hance took an emeric,\n\nzakon, jî he did not any lie had been told about the co and felt weak in my limbs, Dr. Hance took an emeric, Mandards.\n\nI never was in the bakery before.\n\nI never saw na alan di Dr. Chaldecott before they were sick.\n\nThe the tenth prisnuut in the bakery.\n\nThe contract was for the latter gentleman had once more bread than any of us.\n\nsupply of 28 to 29,000lbs. bise it; it was made verbally with What breakfast a gentleman fed to say some\n\nAhim.\n\nI never made a contract with the tenth prisonet.\n\nof his friends were sick, they said in a simila. maner to that which I have descried.\n\nIlonk woon Abinon as the principal,and the teh prisoner to that which I have descried.\n\nza is assistant.\n\nMy visits were on large madere of busi- bat bread.\n\nness, and therefore not very frequent.\n\nWhen I had a contewer with him awuld occasionally drep in three or Torre severely then others.\n\nfour times a weak to see how, it was going on.\n\nI have gone, to sell flour to his.\n\nI would not conclude a wa-Tract with tenth prisoner, bat would have a juossega with him for Ahlam.\n\nI do not think he speaks English; a bread, I got a loaf from Mr. Grandpre which be said he\n\npureer was always present.\n\nAhium said the mandarinswore har! taken with his own hand from the E-sing shop, and hostile to hit in consequence of hie hating broed for the brought to me; text day I got bread from Mr. Drinker foragnet As we were going to the bakery we saw a boat and Dr. Dempster.\n\nladen with wood.\n\nIn ask me to pull to it as he wanted so ask the price, and buy if possible.\n\nIpofled upto it, and be told me he had bought it at a picul and a half for a dollar.\n\nI said it was dear.\n\nHe repbed it was dry wood We allerwards and an anolytie to ascertain the and adapted for the lakery.\n\nOn my return raw the D Bridges and Dir. Day Cowl Messrs. Gaskell quantity, and found that in a pound lost there was\n\nboat discharging on the warf and Brown with Ms. H. J. Turrant Solicitors for pri-a dram of arsenic ( grains).\n\nIn the bread it sz isted as common white arsenic.\n\nThe brand 1 est and souers.\n\nrested was brown bread, the other bread that zested was white bread.\n\nAll contained arsenie.\n\nMuch less than a hoef of bread would cause death.\n\nThe police cought me same yeast, and the materials for usk\n\n(Court adjourned at 2.30)\n\nIn reply to a question by the Cout. Du. Harland said, he had been requested by the Colonial Secretary Lo macke an analysis that he il so and the results were the same.\n\nThe unalysis was ronde in presence of Dr. Bradford Dr. Watson Dr. Keany and Dr. Dempster.\n\nThrough the Ceart, st instance of the Attomey Gan al. Tie symptoms drzevibed by the witness56, I have beard are those of poisoning by arsenic,\n\nA. GRANDPLE, The hell I gary to Dr. Harland,\n\ndcen strut, on the 16th January.\n\nI was at the Cental Polis Sation, and told a poison to take the yeast dear to hr. Havland.\n\nCross examined by Dr. Bridge—Inew the E sing HOO of Argon stress, MO SAY T Teen's\n\nRe-erambie, Tls it episode of the wood wa aft I had deraanded proof that he was going to reisio, as were not entladed with bis simple leclaration.\n\nThe conversation with the boatman was in Chinese.\n\nI saw no. money pass between Alum and the bout man.\n\nThis was the day before he left for Macao.\n\nThe prisoner Ahëwn statement before the Magistrates\n\nFarul.\n\nWALKING. An extraordinary pedestrian feat the been performed in Derbyshire.\n\nÀ man named Alfred Helson undertook to walk on six enceessive days the distance of 70 miles a-day.\n\nHe commenced his per-formance on Monday, July 20, and completed it with Case Saturday, the 26th at doing it within the specified time.\n\nThe 70 miles were usually walked in about 14 hours, hut on one of the days they were com pleted in 12.\n\nWhile on travel he took very little food, Except beef les or a tehell hit of matzon baff cooked unl Elle stimulans occasionally.\n\nIn stature he is about\n\na somewhat intriligent countenance.\n\nWhen on travel abon had a slight swing with his arius, and appeared to be going at the steady ate of some three miles an hour, and it was only when any one atletal to keep\n\na large fleet of heavily armed junks—turned and Lenox, W. A. Bowna, ED. T. Descassos, Geono\n\nOn the run back the patent log was came back.\n\ntried; when under the land, partly out of the very ChaoпG ARCUK, 4-Lum Ausow, 5-T AUZTEN,\n\n1.-ČEROVA Akopow, 2-UpsoNG AMZER, heavy sea that was runing, the log was agan-Tove Na ost, 7-Cucing Auxen, 8-Forg A hove, and she was found to be making at the CHUT, S.-CHEONG Azam, 10, Carong Wre Kero, rate of twelve miles an hour.\n\nShe was par dúministering prism with intent c\n\nThe Honble Thomas C. Ansty Alloney General; round twice, and she made the circuit in 13 minutes-out time, 43 minutes the ather, Mr. Hickso: Cheam Saficitor, amistad by Mr. George\n\nCooper Turuer.\n\ncatting her wake in both instances, Reach. ed Hongkong atfive.\n\nThere was also a good facility of the way in which she started and stopped;--shu\n\nThe Atorney General stated the case and called was stopped twice, once at Ling-ting\n\nJAYTA CARROLL DEMISTER—I am Colonial Surgeon.\n\nthe fleet of junks there, once to overhaul a B-\n\nI have been in the habit before the 15th January of ob picious locking boat; the trial in both case was taining lead from the E-sing shop belonging to the two entisfactory.\n\nWhen she gets the hurricane decking: prisonera.\n\nAt 5 ming bebe 8 AM of the 100 ing yeast, also some flour, and some pastry, fata the sad the after enbiu taken off her, she will in the January, I and my family partock of stained bakery.\n\nThey were only examined to see if they ent for the E-sing shop, at breakfeat.\n\nAfter Ms. Dzapater taiued any metalic potson, but there was neither draeuic event of being hired by the Government and\n\nhad eaten a small portion of the bread she felt giddy and nor say other metalic poison in them, Bick.\n\nAfter leaving the breakfast table, she was taken properly manned and armed, prove of great value in defending the feland, and letting us know what sick I bought nothing of it at the tima.\n\nI walked out to the verandah to exoko a cheroot.\n\nWhile holding a is going on outside.\n\nOLD CUSTOM—A Chinese reason for dingo stick to the class, I became sick and vomited-1 thenght nothing; of it, but wont in my chair to the polico any thing is, that it is \"Old Ghetero,\" Our hospita..\n\nWhen I reached the entrance leading my ba the governcams, the next most stable and conserva-jail, I became sick and ocuumed sick all the way tive after that of China, follows this rule exactly, te the hospital, and was sick unui a quarter to 10 AMI vomited very viniently.\n\nMrs. Dempster was and we have an instance of it now under our\n\neck on to 12 or 1 o'clock that right.\n\nThe next evening. eyes.\n\nThe Minie Rides for the Fifty-ninth love the 18th, about 8 FM, I forwarded the remainder of the arrived in the City of Carlisle, the amunition is to bread to Dr. Hzclazu for the purpose of, is being analy- was taken from the E-sing sop, ut the bottom of Aber- the middle height, this, extremely tauscular, end having come by and bye in another ship.\n\nIn the mean-se.\n\nI did not take the bread myself to De. Hari\n\nCroy Bunned by Dr. Badges, Ablein the sinth time the dal for long ranges has commenced, as fax as can go on the only tolerably level picce up in my own road I got it to Dr. Harlund.\n\nprisoner is the only one I know, I kept the bread locked nd we have the Happy Valley.\n\nI seat the bread by a confie dauer) Abai OLIVOLTZA—This corvette, one of H. I.\n\nAIAL— servant to Dr. Dempster cani u 1. vessels, which formed part of the Russian paper pacel on Dr. Dempster to Dr. Farinud, et le squadron sighted in Castrica Ray by Commodore 16th Junang.\n\nI do not know what was in it.\n\nMy master gave it to ine\n\nA CUMONT,-- Umi sorvant to Dr. Dempster, on the 15th theBrothers,' about twelve uules' distance from this larber.\n\nHaving been in these Eastern January, rected some bread at my inster's door from two men belonging to the £-sing's shop.\n\nThey ars nor gave it to my Master to eat.\n\nwalers for a period of seven years, it was found among the prisnare.\n\nNCCPERATY that she sheld indago a complete | This was about seven o'eloel.. i panded it on the hrakfast overhaul before departing Europe.\n\nThis is table.\n\nWH. TARKANT,-Ian Elitor of this Friend of Chin mw being done, and slic will probably take her\n\nfrith E-sing shop down in the 163: Jammy.\n\nThrow denature for Europe within three weeks.\n\nHer weaper.\n\nI have been in the habit of obtaining bread Commander. Caprala Koroolt, formerly com-\n\nthen sh and 10th prisoners to be competen with the sang shop 7 14 is acullecion ofsets; manded the little steamer Vostuck, which. sa clever-    the English aruizers, ran into Sharr de 21, the last i know of him was wred-delivarer, then, Mr. Mercer, and M. May sing and enguling\n\ntwo bast prisoners were brought my zxamination.\n\nT! Colonial Attorney General's former audiences-night hae, carrying to the Russian Admiral important is the munging partner; and the 10th is his facher, acting as gel assistant in die shop Queen's Real nawa branght from Europe by English steiners.\n\nWest.\n\nI have soon is there frequentis, perhape ouco ever remember the Tastices of the Face sitting at he is preparing for the Treas as Acrount of the\n\nPo Station as a criminal charge.\n\nThe Chief Me Colony over which he rules.—Bengal Kartars, Dee. 1.\n\nCapt. Kursaceff's urbanity and gentlemanly bear out of erary two visits.\n\nI aw the first priser about 4\n\namination was going on at the Pulics Station.\n\nJustices ing has caused him to be recognised—not only or 5 anys below the 5th January, he was sitting down into was sitting at the Podro Court winle tais ex- of the lense were also sitting as the Police Curt.\n\nB by those who were then uentrals, but by those in my office and presented nes bill from his master.\n\nI told him, Lin, as the hili was not recoipied, if he would leave it I world look rait.\n\nIle suid is unster was going away, and may action to sit down as it he tended to the Police Cont.\n\nThe reusabing 10 prisoners enllred, though we cannot say it has distanced, wais mtb was paid.\n\nScing Le was inclined to be are still detained.\n\nThey are at the Crise rout Station, the Fraue shoul, in the matte ci wrecks.\n\nThey 1izod him by the colitr, amil old him, cal his posite Gibb, Livingston & Co.'s Godowns They American clipper Golden Racer, ton laden, forster might go to the devil if they pleased, and (thrust have been in custody from the 15th January.\n\nI cant in out of the office, I have soch the sand piery wether or not the Attorney Gener 100k may part it the examination at Cas Police Station, he was moving the United Statee, on her departure from the many occasicus, I saw Jam at the best held on the hous, but that was too crowded far me to distinguish\n\nChantes Mar—The yeast & delivered t pert, struck on the cuter knoll, and was totally body found on heal the Title.\n\nOn that occasion he deserihea homself as purse's tuate on board the Tisk\n\nThe Flyaway is also said to This was carly in January.\n\nTo the best of my best the cry.\n\nInsperor Beyis carried them to the Poltes Stution.\n\n\"Cross-tramined by D. Urbiges, I set with Mr. Mermer have grounded at the mouth of the river.\n\nbut unenca st the way in which the 2nd prisoner gave on the evening of the 15th Janamry to enuiluet the m having reived no serious damage, she proceed-bis avilence on the quest, obeted is in bringing quiry.\n\nI was about to commence the enquiry ut 2.30, fe; she wore her boanet, already on bre, from her bead,\n\ncame of her crew.\n\ned on her voyage.\n\nHe-anúž--1 tiöver saw tie tentli prispace heiro, i Silap before this occurrence.\n\nThey disp at the 's mo~) poca mutiran\n\nRoad Kust, they are about a mile part the bread is uusi pane was probably from four to six miles an hour.\n\ncarted lean one to the olur.\n\nAbout two years ago the Linti song was the sharptor of the Thixile.\n\nIn on- -G'que.\n\nhead need to be baked at the chup, but not lately, a fhe tock pince there about that the knew Alful be\n\nTHY GEMINI—Mr. Ühisi.olm Anstey, formerly one for the 15th January.\n\nI have seen him often.\n\nHe was of the most successtil step.compellers in the fon niwaya sal to be the mister of a single\n\nOf Commons, but now Attorney General at Hongkong, Out ca the bakery and abop about 59 pecats were has nuagel to brenme bis com client, and we all know restod on the 15th.\n\nThey were taken before e Juskáve of what that indicates!\n\nA reieresco to the action in which the Feare, Clintles May Esq., sesalonger Justice of Peaco\n\nhe is defendant will be found in another columu ex- were penis west the Caud Police Station.\n\ntracted from the Hongkong Register, and we hope here- after to be able to copy tlist report of the trial.\n\nthe first day Mr. Stercer Mr. Gli and Mr. Gry were present on the second day the Attomey General was prescal.\n\nThe Cental Police Station is not the Mana! place for criminal examinations, bulk clacy whers asional held there.\n\nI have seen the Atoring Gen- A BAYS Wouse.—A passenger on board the North- an Indiana, which was recently burned on Lake Erie, gives au recount of the narrow escape of Cicero Fowler and wife, of Tally.\n\nThere was but one he-preserver for Lant she should put it on, abo peremptity refused, Mss.\n\nFowler and her husband; he fusisted imperatively saying she was \"poce in hanth, and his \"hfe was worth far more then hers!\"\n\nThe preserver. having no strap, Mrs. Fowler tore the bad from her dress and fastened it to her husband, whom she contisued to encourage, seying she could hold on to him, nad of the preserver cold not sustain both, she would let go, and leave his to save himself.\n\nThe fire was getting hitter and hotter.\n\nThe water was the's with human bodies, struggling for\n\nwhen Mr. Mercer came in, and 1 invites him to take a and hand in hand with one she loved better dan herself, part in it.\n\n1 was conducting the enquiry as the Superia! Look the dangerous leup.\n\nAs they ruse from the water, tendent of Police, and Mr. Meer as ColonialS erretary.\n\nMr. Fowler assisted his wife in procuring a yout baid of fi was a general investigation into the eas-Cases him on or about his shoilers, Sire wiped the weter which require particular investigation, 1 enquire into be from his eyes and mouth, and encouraged him to retain fore sending then to the Magistras way my origins: his inpe of being saved.\n\nHe continued to struggle with intention to follow the sun course in the pressul ins the waves.\n\nHalf-an-hour elapsed, and there were no tanen: I tried to put a fasight into the cast as super-sigan of unsistance.\n\nHis strength was rugidly failing afterwards we turced ourselves his wife observing it, tried asrw to cheer him.\n\nEle suid\n\nbread to my house.\n\nI made this objection on the isch THE DEPORTATION Onntaver. -This is one Jaanary Inn & and 7 o'clock in the morning when I saw him bringing bal.\n\nAnother qual va cung of the many Ordinances which of late have passed ing the bread is the baskets, tlo secourt priser tool: before the mind's eye of the Legislative Council.onit the bend was delivered it.\n\nI said, \"Oh oh my Enne If we were called open to give succinctly our ab low you deliver my breas de you I made un res- We pense but gave me a kind of a grin.\n\nI saw him go away. jections to it, we could not well to .\n\nand I then went in an old y compradore to mentio could but answer in these words:--\n\nE-eing's all and have no more broad from him, es [ theagle he would poison 56.\n\nA partook of the breast, and intendeat of police, the servant git des cat what we left on the plate into justices and took the depositions.\n\nWe did not he could not stand it any longer, it sees as though he About five sivutes afterwards I wont be my sitting make this change in consequence of having illegally must give up.\n\nAt this moniest she bear a steamer coming rapidly through the water.\n\nShe says, \"My dear room from the Inekfast table; immediately afterwards admiciatore: ontis.\n\nSANDWITH DRINgen, -I am in business in the firm husband, a few moments more and we are safe.\n\nDon't To\n\nyou hear a boat coming?\n\nHe said he did, and immedi the 28th instant, carried with her 168 of the fast.\n\nI at lown en was looking over some papers, who of Thomas Hunt & Co, 1 lived in the sine house with deported, to be lender en the itiand of Hairan al of a sudden I vomitest- vomited three or four times | Captain Ľudrost.\n\nOn the 15th January, 1 cat of some ately revived, and made all the efforts in his power, ned move during the course of the day, sail I have concinnaly bred supplied by the ninth prisoner, and I was alterwards struggled for Simself and his herose wife until the Mia.\n\nLandel there, if they can be landed, what will suffered fict the effects of the poisoning up to the pre very ill.\n\nand no over all that eat of it in the house.\n\nI say took them, with scores of others, on her com- I nocious decks.Syracuse Journal.\n\nhave not perfectly recover from it at this tale.\n\nbecunus of them?\n\nAccompanying the motley sout time.\n\n*I do not like thes Dr. Feil,\n\nThe son why I mot tell;\n\nBut us\n\nnow, and dust all well,\n\nI do not like thee Jr. Tril,”\n\n319",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-062 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [1-3].txt",
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    {
        "id": 244273,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "page_number": 14,
        "title": "CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "content_text": "## \n\nCirculation, and would be unanimously welcomed by the whole Community. Siam, where an enormous trade is springing up, expresses the anxiety for the introduction of the **greatest** Imperial Dollar to supersede the rude and easily counterfeited Tical, - while at Singapore and in the Straits the desire is nearly general that a legalized Dollar should replace the Indian rupee, whose subdivisions of Currency are so perplexing and inconvenient.\n\nIn abandoning the expectation that Hong Kong will enjoy the privileges and profits of a Colonial mint, - May I yet venture to hope that the economical experiment may yet be ventured of coining Dollars at the Royal Mint of London for circulation in these regions?\n\nI have the honour to be,  \nWith the highest respect,  \nYour Lordship's most obedient humble servant,  \nJohn Bowring",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 246075,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-071 - Public Offices - 1858",
        "page_number": 171,
        "title": "CO129-071 - Public Offices - 1858",
        "content_text": "# \nwith foreigners the use of dollars was introduced, which passed current, at certain rates, by weight, with reference to the tael of sycee silver. But many anomalies, arising from the caprice of the Chinese, prevailed in regard to the description of these coins in use. They did not pass current according to their ascertained contents of precious metal, but in varying estimation, according to the mints at which they were coined and the devices which they bore. The old Spanish dollars of the coinage of Ferdinand and Carolus IV obtained a preference over all others; and the conditions under which these passed current varied at different places. At Canton, for example, the practice prevailed among native merchants and shroffs, of authenticating the coins which passed through their hands by stamping them with their device or chop. This process, in time, destroyed the integrity of the coins, and they passed current, by weight, in broken pieces. At Shanghai, on the other hand, whole coins of the reign of Carolus IV, undisfigured by chop marks, alone passed current; and the preference was not only given to coins of that monarch, but to those which bore a particular Mint mark. At each port the exchanges were calculated in the coin which passed current there, and other coins were received only at a discount varying with the course of exchange.\n\n## coins\n\nIn this condition of things the Proclamation of 1844 was passed, the object of which was to assimilate the currency of Hong Kong to that of other British Colonies. It declared the dollars of Spain, Mexico, or the South American States, and the gold mohur and silver rupee of the East India Company, to be a legal tender of payment, in like manner as the gold, silver, and copper of the United Kingdom, at certain fixed rates specified in the denomination of British sterling. Those rates were calculated according to the contents of precious metal in each coin, the value of the silver coins being ascertained according to the principle adopted in the West Indian Proclamation of 1838. It was expressly declared that the said coins should be perfect coins, and of full and proper weight and value.\n\nThe Proclamation thus sought to overrule the prejudices of the natives, and to substitute for the capricious currency in use a system founded on the intrinsic value of the coins rated for circulation. In furtherance of this object it not only introduced the coins of the United Kingdom and other coins, to which the natives were unaccustomed, but sought to exclude from circulation the only coins which they willingly received in payments, namely, the chopped Spanish dollars. It was hoped that, by this course, the monetary transactions of the Colony would be facilitated, without occasioning any difficulty or embarrassment with the Chinese at Canton and other places in China.\n\nThis expectation, however, was not realized. Hong Kong, situated at the mouth of the Canton river, is too closely associated with the trading community of that place, to allow of the effectual establishment in the island of an isolated system of currency. The proceedings of the Government were met by measures of the shopkeepers for counteracting them. Nominal prices were raised in cases in which it was supposed that payment would be made in British money or any coin but that which was preferred by the Chinese inhabitants. Merchants continued to keep their accounts, and to regulate their transactions, by the current dollar; and, except as regards the receipt of duties and Government payments, the proclamation had no sensible effect.\n\nStill it is possible that, if no circumstances had occurred to disturb the usual course of trade with China, if no permanent alteration had taken place in the relative value of gold and silver and the exchange with the East had not been violently affected by other causes, the measure might, in the end, have worked its aim. Some discontent was expressed by soldiers and others who received Government pay in coins for which they could not obtain the full value in exchange; but none of the inconveniences which are dwelt upon in Sir Charles Trevelyan's Memorandum at first occurred. The rates of exchange between London and China were, for some years, favourable to this country, and it will be seen from the annexed statement of the negotiations by the Commissariat officers for bills on England, from 1844 to the early part of 1850, that the dollar was generally obtained at the par rate fixed by the Proclamation and not unfrequently at lower rates.\n\n## \nIn that year the new discoveries of gold began to have a sensible effect on the price of silver. It was the natural consequence of the increased supply of gold, that a new distribution of the precious metals should take place throughout the world. Other things remaining the same, countries which used silver alone as the medium of exchange, would obtain their share of the aggregate addition to the currency of the world, by withdrawing a proportionate amount of silver from countries which used a mixed currency. Gold would displace silver from countries using a double standard, and the latter would flow to other countries, where it constituted the sole standard of value. This operation would be brought about through the exchanges, which would be generally unfavourable to countries using a gold standard, until the restoration of the equilibrium in the distribution of the precious metals. There were, however, other causes at work, which seriously affected the exchanges between this country and China. The development of free trade had, at the same time, given a vast impulse to the commerce of Great Britain with the rest of the world. The demand for Chinese productions, both from this country and the United States, greatly increased, leading to an amount of exports from China far exceeding the quantities of former years, without any corresponding increase in the returns of European or American produce; and this unfavourable tendency of the balance of trade was further increased by the failure of the silk crop in France, which led to large and speculative purchases of silk in China. The state of transactions, too, with the East Indies, influenced by the employment of British capital in the construction of railways in that country, confirmed the tendency to a course of exchange with the East, generally unfavourable to England. Hence a condition of trade arose, in which the engagements with China could only be settled by the transmission thither of specie; and, as in the cycle of trade, the transactions between China and the United States are adjusted by bills on London, the exchanges became so adverse to this country, that a long continued and unprecedented demand for silver for exportation to the East arose.\n\nIt is necessary to advert to these circumstances, because they account for the fact that the disturbance of the trade in the precious metals far exceeded anything that can be attributed immediately to the gold discoveries. Not only was Europe ransacked for all the silver that could be drawn from it, and this exceeded the quantity which could have been required for the mere readjustment of the distribution of the precious metals, but increasing supplies of silver from America were shipped off as soon as they were obtained. We should, therefore, greatly err if we entered upon the consideration of the present state of the currency of Hong Kong, under the supposition that we have only to deal with a simple question arising from an alteration in the relative supply of gold and silver in the world.\n\nYet, as the course of the exchanges is the regulator by which the distribution of the precious metals is determined, and a continued adverse exchange with the East has, for the time being, an effect on the relative value of gold and silver, similar to that which would arise from an increased supply of gold, we may, for the purpose of considering the proposed settlement of the currency of Hong Kong, drop the distinction, and refer, for the present, only to the fact of a very great increase in the value of silver relatively to gold, since the passing of the Proclamation of 1844. The effect of the change has been to depreciate the sovereign greatly as compared with the dollar at Hong Kong. A state of things has arisen like that contemplated by Mr. Pennington in reference to the West Indian Proclamation of 1838. Why is it that the same results have not ensued? Why is it that the cheaper metal has not practically become the principal measure of value at Hong Kong, and that all money contracts are not discharged in that metal? The answer is, that the Proclamation of 1844 has not affected money contracts. The trading community has not recognized it, or in the slightest degree governed their mutual transactions by its conditions. Except as regards the payments and receipts of Government, it is a mere nullity. It assumes to regulate the currency of the place on the supposition that gold is the standard of value; but silver remains the practical standard of value in spite of it, and a sovereign as a medium of exchange has no more value than an equivalent amount of dollars would have in London. Should we, then, mend the matter by issuing a new Proclamation to alter the legal rating of the dollar, according to its present value, as compared with the sovereign at Hong Kong? The losses incurred by the Home Government in the transactions of the Treasury Chest might be mitigated by such a proceeding; but in all other respects, that is, as regards the money transactions of the \n\n## \n109",
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    {
        "id": 248290,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-075 - Public Offices - 1859",
        "page_number": 362,
        "title": "CO129-075 - Public Offices - 1859",
        "content_text": "and.\n\naccept Mexican dollars in Hong Kong, as expressed:-\n\nTime was a practice on the Mint hand, it was fast-of action ales Gwen! & McClure in that of the Crown.\n\n363\n\nChest, allows for the Treasury a word to the bottom of which I have attached a memorandum not to the Foreign Office to pay them half in sterling, – die (Neuchatel's inspection of coinage in Orleans) - and at the legal rate of 4½d for serious abuses (vide his printed minute by the Order in Council of 1844 - as far as with No. 10,345 of 1858) was acting, not in Mexican Dollars in chest will go, only paying them in British currency when the Holland\n\nCuriously enough the Treasury's attempts to introduce the sovereign system which are met with resistance. There is however many times it failed in Hungary has about to hear all this is many the same time exceeded in Mansions.\n\nThere was a very similar contest, which in this case was between the Plaintiff & the Insurgent.\n\nThe Rupee was in circulation, between 1844 and 1850 in Mansions.\n\n \nPage 363",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-075 - Public Offices - 1859.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 248291,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-075 - Public Offices - 1859",
        "page_number": 363,
        "title": "CO129-075 - Public Offices - 1859",
        "content_text": "and.\n\n369\n\nwhat the Hong Kong Government is doing, thinly veiled behind official jargon, is to exclusively serve the public. And\n\nThe sovereign being fairly beaten in\n\nthe sovereign as it became chiefly associated with Hongkong, the Government have felt\n\nthe gold discoveries, Latent causes-\n\n1.2.\n\nhas it\n\ncame time\n\nhas been willing to give it up, & adopt the Dollar system of the community. But entirely driven the Rupee out of circulation\n\nwithin the Government treasuries. This result was probably hastened by the large quantity of notes in circulation. Some scheme for effecting the change has yet to be suggested. His Excellency Sir John Bowring's remedy for all difficulties was\n\nexpressed in Rupees. In Hongkong, mint, where two kinds of currency are coined, the only notes within those of the Oriental Bank\n\nWhich are\n\nconverted on\n\nare\n\nexchanged & paid in Dollars.\n\nthe\n\nhe\n\nof\n\n... Mexican Dollars; which the Government disallowed-\n\nowing to the great expense. The purpose of",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-075 - Public Offices - 1859.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 250186,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860",
        "page_number": 336,
        "title": "CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860",
        "content_text": "Si,\n\nđộng đóng\n\nIng250/hr\n\n334\n\n6th June 1860.\n\nI have the honor to request that you will represent to His Royal Highness the General Commanding in Chief the very great inconvenience that is being constantly experienced from Officers arriving in this Command, bringing with them large amounts of Public Money in Foreign Coin, by which a great loss is sustained by the Treasury without there being any necessity for such loss.\n\nThe loss is considerable. At the present moment there is upwards of £10,000 in Sovereigns and Rupees lying in the Commissariat Chest here from the above cause. Should this money be disposed of here, the loss to Government will be 2½ percent on every Rupee and one shilling on every Sovereign. Every Regiment recently arrived here has brought Public Money to be exchanged, and I would beg to remark...\n\nto Military Secretary Horse Guards London",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 251936,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-082 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 383,
        "title": "CO129-082 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "## \n\ngiven rate of deduction from pay:\n\nCarried men will \nQuarters for married \nbe suitable for the \naccommodation \nof their families \n\nAt \nany \ntime after the expiration \nof the term of Enlistment, viz: five \nyears, \nthe Serjeant \nor Constable to \nbe entitled to claim his discharge, \nand \na free passage to India, \nupon giving six months prior notice \nof his intention to leave the service \nand desire to return to India - \n\nAfter \nten \nyears \na \ncompleted service \nof \nthe Sergeant or Constable \nto be entitled to claim his discharge, \nand \na \nfree passage to India, \nPension \nas \nfollows; \n\nA Serjeant 7 Rupees 2 Annas ($2.86) \nper month which pension will \nincrease \none \nshilling and twopence \nper month for each additional year after ten \nyears. For \nfifteen years service the Pension will be 9 Rupees 2 Annas per month,-\nfor twenty years service 12 Rupees 3 Annas per month.\n\nA Constable, 5 Rupees per \nmonth; which Pension will \nincrease \nhalf a Rupee per month \nfor each additional year after ten years; \nfor fifteen years \nservice, the Pension will be \n| Years of Service | Serjeant Pension | Constable Pension |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 10 | 7 Rupees 2 Annas ($2.86) | 5 Rupees |\n| 15 | 9 Rupees 2 Annas | ... |\n| 20 | 12 Rupees 3 Annas | ... |\n\nPage 379",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-082 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [8-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 260351,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-101 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 226,
        "title": "CO129-101 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "affects the Secretary of State's Patronage\n\nover\n\non directly\n\nby making a \"Hong Kong Licence à\n\nCeylon, where promotion is made for\n\nthose Officers who began\n\nWinter.\n\nAnd the word\n\nSa B. Ri proposal\n\nabout you will see the humility for\n\nwhat\n\nlist modified\n\nMo\n\nE pass aest\n\nan absolute surrender of her Patronage-\n\nIt is a page\n\nI dare say\n\nCam\n\nUnse\n\nII Smith\n\nRupee Step 2244.9\n\n67.23.\n\nCopy sent to Cecil Smith on 11 March.\n\nand\n\n224",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-101 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [10-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 266479,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-114 - MacDonnell - 1866 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 372,
        "title": "CO129-114 - MacDonnell - 1866 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "367\n\nconverted\n\nAdding the hint charge of 2%. It follows that Sycee cannot be profitably melted until the premium falls to about ½ d. The ruling price at present is about 8 d.\n\nOmitting Mexican dollars from calculation because no advantage could apparently accrue to the holder from their recoinage, the question simply is, Is the premium on Sycee likely to fall so low as to make a profit to be made in its conversion into Mexican dollars?\n\nUpon this it is necessary to consider what it is that affects the price of silver in Hongkong, and I think it may safely be taken to be the rate of exchange on India, which is regulated of course by the consideration of whether it be more profitable to pay India for the Council Bills on London or to remit by specie remittances.\n\nIf we remit, we must consider what the out-turn of it would be at the Calcutta Mint. In comparison with...\n\nA Rupee in weight and fineness of 916.66 contains 165 grains of pure silver and therefore 1000 grains of silver of 17/20 fineness would convert into Rupees 3500.125. Comparing this with Hongkong dollars we find that $100 are equal intrinsically to Rupees 237.11. Freight, interest, insurance to India may be taken as about ½%.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-114 - MacDonnell - 1866 [7-8].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 266480,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-114 - MacDonnell - 1866 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 373,
        "title": "CO129-114 - MacDonnell - 1866 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "368\n\nDeducting this from the out-turn of Rupees it follows that silver sufficient to make\n\n100 new dollars in\n\nHongkong is the\n\nHongkong equivalent of about Rs. 225.70 in India, excluding Mint charges which are about equal on both sides, and that if no change higher than that it will\n\nnot be likely for silver to rise in Hongkong to such a price\n\nas that it could be coined for the Public with profit. Admitting however that exchange\n\nwith India did reach 223.90 - Is it likely that this would be permanent? I think money must pass from China to India to pay for opium & consequently that the rate of 225.70 prevailed the export of silver from Hongkong - how could the\n\ngood silver be placed in India to make the balance of trade! England receives\n\nmore from India than she sends and the balance is met by specie remittances. The new exchanges with England will not therefore produce the equilibrium and all drafts on England will continually have to be met by remittances of silver from Hongkong - Bars shipped from London at 17 dwt. costing 5/1 per cwt. freight,\n\nand insurance, interest and other charges of say 1¼% could not be laid down in India cheaper than 3/3¼d. or Indian standard, and\n\nadding to this the\n\nminting charge of 2¼% and the Rupee\n\ncould not be produced at less than 2/0¾d. This at the intrinsic value of Rs. 227 per",
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    {
        "id": 267300,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-116 - Sir MacDonnell - 1866 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 245,
        "title": "CO129-116 - Sir MacDonnell - 1866 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "the Colony may as well go on with the enfran...ment for that time, on the chance of some fluctuation home taking place. The prime objection to this, and reason wished to close the mine at once, as far as the Colony is concerned,\n\nbut if the British Government is to undertake it when ...\n\nIt seems to me to be demonstrable...\n\nCarey\n\nMills' opinion is \"killer\n\nto divide the bar when\n\ndone\n\nwith\n\n243\n\nindividuals duly supplied with currency because there is a constant demand for the coin, which is the sole metallic medium of Revenue & private payment – The Hong Kong Mint has been set up\n\non a different\n\n- & I fear it must be admitted - a false\n\nbasis. - that the whole project has been founded on an unsound basis. - & that neither Government nor\n\nany\n\nCompany\n\ncan possibly make it an\n\nin its present shape, & probably not in any\n\n...\n\nto sufficient to compete with; & supplant the Mexican Dollar, in the open market. in China & Japan\n\nThe new Dollar is\n\nthe same as the Mexican in weight (415.7 troy grains) + fineness it has\n\nThe principle of the other Mints of the British Government - whether in London, Calcutta,\n\nor Australia, is that of supplying its own\n\nSubjects with the coin which is alone receivable for\n\nRevenue & recognised\n\nlegal tender; - i.e. with the sovereign in England & with the Rupee in India. – Our Mint, coining self-acting, Banks\n\non this principle,\n\nhas a privilege\n\nover the Mexican even in\n\nHong Kong.\n\nthe Chinese\n\nof course we can put it home in Empire & Japan. The circumstance which the advocates of the project held to justify a Mint on this principle was the high premium obtained for several years; at the time the project was adopted, by the Mexican Dollar, Compared with silver Bullion.",
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    {
        "id": 267329,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-116 - Sir MacDonnell - 1866 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 274,
        "title": "CO129-116 - Sir MacDonnell - 1866 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "& 1% for a time, deserves the consideration of the Government because when the Rupee rate touches 222 to which we are closely approaching, we might expect Tear Silver to be sent to the Mint, and 1th Seignoragen would at least pay part of the current expenses.-\n\nYours, Xe,\n\n(Signed) W. Kaye-\n\nManager Comptoir d'Escompte de Paris. S. Kaires, Manager Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank. N. Kaeper..\n\n(Com)\n\n272\n\nHong Kong, 8th December, 1888.\n\nMy dear Mr Kreper,\n\nHis Excellency Sir W. K. Marshall having expressed to you in a certain manner his desire to ascertain the confidential opinion of the Bankers with regard to the prospect of the Mint, I think that you have done right not to call a meeting of your Colleagues and that the way you have adopted to inform us individually is quite correct.\n\nFor my part I have no hesitation in laying open my ideas on the subject. I shall not enter into the details of",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-116 - Sir MacDonnell - 1866 [11-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 267335,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-116 - Sir MacDonnell - 1866 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 280,
        "title": "CO129-116 - Sir MacDonnell - 1866 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "and at Hongkong (and it's effect on their inter-local exchanges) instead of in the general Market of the World, that I doubt the value of the inferences he draws as to the future of the Wongsong/Mint; and I\n\nneed not remind you of the effect on the demand and value of silver caused by the Avar in Americas, nor of the present drain of silver from China for India created by the existing deplorable financial disendit.\n\nApart from principles however, there are errors of calculation which interfere materially with Mr. Rennie's reasoning.\n\nIn estimating the countervalue of $100 in India, where he makes the equivalent value Rs. 229.11 less freight and insurance Rs. 223.7 \"including Mint charges (which as proposed are about equal) on both sides\", he overlooks the fact that if the coin is passed through the Mint, the charges must be paid, while if sold in the bazaar the value is fixed by the Known Mint outturn. The real equivalent therefore of $100 Mexican is in India: Rs. 218/4 to 219, a result that upholds his argument about the rate of exchange, showing no change necessary to prevent the export of silver from Hongkong to India.\n\nAgain he makes a calculation of the equivalent drawing rate of Hongkong compared with the value of a Rupee in India in silver brought from London, of which I fail to see the connection.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-116 - Sir MacDonnell - 1866 [11-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 268705,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-119 - Public Offices - 1866",
        "page_number": 285,
        "title": "CO129-119 - Public Offices - 1866",
        "content_text": "the Seignorage must be paid, while if sold in the bazaar the value is fixed by the known the real equivalent Mint outture.\n\na result Therefore of $100 Mexican to in is India Rs 2184/4 to 219, that upsets his argument about the rate of Exchange necessary to prevent the Export of silver from Hongkong to India. Again he makes a Calculation of the equivalent drawing rate of Hongkong Compared with the value of rupee in India in silver brought from London, of which...\n\n279 I fail to see the Connection with the supply of bullion to the Hongkong Mint. It is not necessary that the circuitous route India should be one of by which silver flows to China, any more than that it should exclusively reach that destination direct from London. Via California Silver arrives in China (already to a considerable extent) cheaper by the lower charges of transport.\n\nThe objections urged against the success of the Hongkong Mint appear to me to be equally conclusive as against...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-119 - Public Offices - 1866.txt",
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    {
        "id": 316412,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-199 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [4]",
        "page_number": 39,
        "title": "CO129-199 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [4]",
        "content_text": "# CEYLON. 4/79\n\n2534\n\n49\n\n## CEYLON.\n\n**Ordinance No. 5 of 1857.** To amend the Ordinance No. 5 of 1854, entitled \"To consolidate and amend the laws against offences relating to the coin.\"\n\nOrder in Council, 18 June 1869. Proclaimed by the annexed Local Proclamation, 23 August 1871.\n\n**Victoria, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith.**\n\n## PROCLAMATION\n\nby his Excellency Sir HERCULES GEORGE ROBERT ROBINSON, Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Governor and Commander-in-Chief in and over the Island of Ceylon, with the Dependencies thereof.\n\n**HERCULES ROBINSON,**\n\nWHEREAS by the Proclamation annexed to Her Majesty's Order in Council, dated the 18th day of June 1869, it is ordained and declared that from and after a day to be fixed by the Governor or Officer Administering the Government of Ceylon, by Proclamation, and subject to further directions to be given by Proclamation of the Governor, the British and local copper or bronze coins or tokens at present in circulation in Her Majesty's Colony of Ceylon and its Dependencies, and such other copper or bronze tokens as may from time to time be specified by the Governor by Proclamation, shall be a legal tender of payment for any sum not exceeding half a rupee; the said British and local coins to continue current until the date of such Proclamation, at the same rates, as regards the rupee, as those at which they at present pass by long established custom, usage, viz. :-\n\nThe penny at the rate of 3rds of an anna, or 8 pie.\n\nAnd whereas it is expedient and desirable to establish certain other copper or bronze coins or tokens, representing certain decimal parts of a rupee, as a legal tender for payment for any sum not exceeding half a rupee:\n\nAnd whereas there will shortly be issued by the Government of Ceylon copper or bronze coins or tokens, as follows:-\n\n* A copper or bronze five-cent. piece, representing one-twentieth part of a rupee.\n* A copper or bronze one-cent. piece, representing one-hundredth part of a rupee.\n* A copper or bronze half-cent. piece, representing one two-hundredth part of a rupee.\n\nAnd every such piece shall have for the obverse impression the effigy of Her Majesty, with the inscription \"Victoria, Queen,\" and for the reverse impression the representation of a Talipot Palm, and an inscription indicating the value of the piece in cents of a rupee, with the word \"Ceylon,\" and the date of the year, and words indicating the value in Sinhalese and Tamil:\n\nNow, therefore, We, the said Governor, in pursuance and exercise of the authority vested in Us by the aforesaid Proclamation, do hereby proclaim and direct that the said copper or bronze coins or tokens so to be issued as aforesaid, shall from and after the 1st day of January 1872, be lawfully current, and shall pass and be received as current and lawful tokens and payment within the Island of Ceylon and the Dependencies thereof, at and for the rates and values indicated thereon, and at no other rates or values. Provided, however, that no person shall be required to receive more than one half-rupee in copper or bronze coins or tokens at one time.\n\nAnd we do hereby further proclaim and direct, that until further lawful proclamation and direction to the contrary, the British and local copper or bronze coins or tokens now current in this Colony shall continue (subject to what is herein provided and directed) to pass and be received as current and lawful tokens and legal tender for payment, at the rates and values following, that is to say :-\n\n| Coin | Rate |\n| --- | --- |\n| The penny | 4th of a rupee |\n| halfpenny | 3rd of a ... |\n| farthing | 4th |\n| halfpenny | 3 th |\n| Ceylon fanam | 23 \"\" 1 anna |\n| farthing | 33 33 2 stiver or pice |\n| Ceylon fanam | 38th |\n| challie | J 12th 1 +3 stiver or pice |\n| challie | A ** 4th |\n| challie | 25 rband |\n\nQ7129.",
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    {
        "id": 316413,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-199 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [4]",
        "page_number": 40,
        "title": "CO129-199 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [4]",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG. Gor. 52/81 10956\n## Coins in Circulation\n50\n\nGiven at Colombo, in the said Island of Ceylon, this twenty-third day of August, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.\n\nBy his Excellency's command, **CHARLES P. LAYARD**, \nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\nGod save the Queen.\n\n### Coins in Circulation\n- Indian silver: \n  - Company's and Queen's rupee.\n  - Half rupee.\n  - Quarter rupee.\n  - One-eighth rupee or two anna piece.\n- Ceylon copper decimal subdivisions of the rupee:\n  - Five cent piece.\n  - Cent piece.\n  - Half cent piece.\n  - Quarter cent piece.\n\nAmount of coin in circulation not known.\n\n### Currency Details\n| Currency Unit | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Notes of the local banks | about Rs. 3,838,210 in 1879 |\n| Accounts kept | rupees and cents |\n\n## HONG KONG.\n### EXTRACT OF REPORT of the ACTING ATTORNEY-GENERAL.\n\n1. Order in Council of 9 January 1863, published in Government Gazette of 2 May 1863, declares that Mexican dollars or other silver dollars of equivalent value duly authorised by the Governor of Hong Kong shall be the only legal tender, and making provision for the issue of silver coins representing some multiple of the cent or one-hundredth part of the said dollar to be a legal tender for any sum not exceeding two dollars, and for the issue of copper or bronze coins representing the cent or one-hundredth part of the mil or cash/representing one-thousandth part of the dollar to be a legal tender for any sum not exceeding one dollar. Provides also as to the preparation and devices of such coins to be issued from the mint. See preamble to Local Ordinance 1 of 1864.\n\n2. Ordinance No. 1 of 1864 recites the above Order in Council, and provides that British sterling is to be converted into dollars at 4s. 2d. per dollar, when the Governor proclaims it.\n\n3. Proclamation under Ordinance 1 of 1864. See Gazette, 23 January 1864. By this Proclamation Ordinance 1 of 1864 is to take effect from 16 February 1864.\n\n4. Ordinance 2 of 1864. - This Ordinance provides for the establishing of a mint in the Colony (which was established and worked, but has been removed for some years).\n\n5. Governor's Proclamation in Gazette of 14 September 1866. This Proclamation recites Order in Council of 1863, and proclaims the Hong Kong dollar and half-dollar legal tender.\n\n6. Treasury Regulations of 20 October 1866, published in Gazette, 12 January 1867. - These regulations for dollar, half-dollar, and subsidiary coinage made in pursuance of Ordinance 2 of 1864. - The Hong Kong Mint Ordinance, sec. 2 of which empowers the Governor to frame regulations under which the Mint shall receive silver bullion and coin the same.\n\n7. Ordinance 6 of 1865, sections 13, 20. - This Ordinance relates to the offences of forging bank notes.\n\n8. Ordinance 10 of 1865. - Offences against coinage, but sections 4, 5, 16, 17, 26, 27 not in force by Proclamation in Gazette of 21 October 1865 under the Ordinance.\n\n9. Proclamation under Ordinance 10 of 1865. See Gazette, 21 October. - N.B. - This is important, as it permits the Chinese custom in South China of chopping dollars.\n\n### Note Circulation\n- Order in Council, 27 November 1875. - Rate for issue of silver dollar to Her Majesty's troops reduced from 4s. 3d. to 4s. 1d.\n\n- Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, Ordinance 5 of 1866, sections 12 and 13. - (1.) The Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank issues notes of five dollars and multiples of five under section 12. The same bank issues notes of one dollar under the sanction of the Governor and under the proviso of that section.\n\n- Letter of Governor, 27 June 1872, authorising one dollar notes. - No Gazette notice of such sanction can be found.\n\nPage 51\nPage 39",
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    {
        "id": 316415,
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        "document_key": "CO129-199 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [4]",
        "page_number": 42,
        "title": "CO129-199 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [4]",
        "content_text": "# MAURITIUS\n\nGuy. 19/79\n\n54\n\n## MAURITIUS\n\nOrder in Council, 12 August 1876.--Proclaimed 5 November 1876 and brought into operation from 1 January 1877, repeals all previous Orders in Council on the subject, and declares that the silver rupee of India shall be the only legal tender, except as therein-after directed, and provides that the British copper and bronze tokens shall be a legal tender of payment for any sum not exceeding half a rupee at the following rates:-\n\n| Penny | Halfpenny | Farthing | Half farthing | rs. cts. |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  | 0 4 |\n|  |  |  |  | 0 2 |\n|  |  |  |  | 0 1 |\n|  |  |  |  | 0 01 |\n\nOrdinance 28 of 1876, which regulates the rupee, paper currency, and re-establishes the Board of Commissioners of the currency for the Colony.\n\nSec. 2. Authorises the Board to issue to the Receiver-General in exchange for silver rupees of India notes payable on demand for 5, 10, and 50 rupees respectively. Sec. 7. Notes of 10s. or 2 dollars, 1l. or 5 dollars, 5l. or 25 dollars issued under Ordinances No. 13 of 1855, No. 7 of 1861, and No. 10 of 1864 to cease to be a legal tender.\n\nEstimated amount of coin in the Colony, Rs. 9,765,112.\n\nPaper currency:-\n£ s. d.\n519 4 11\n\nGovernment notes of 5 and 10 rupees of the issue of 1849 in circulation on 31 December 1879\nGovernment notes of 10s., 1l., and 5l. of the issue of 1860 in circulation on 31 December 1878\n4,557 0 0\n£5,076 4 11\n\nGovernment notes of 5, 10, and 50 rupees of the issue of 1876 in circulation 31 December 1879, Rs. 3,548,500. Accounts are kept in rupees and cents of a rupee.\n\n55\n\n## STRAITS SETTLEMENTS\n\nAct 6 of 1847 (Indian) for establishing a copper currency in the Settlements of Penang, Singapore, and Malacca. This Act establishes the cent weighing 144 grains troy, the half cent 72 grains, and the quarter cent 36 grains.\n\nThe cent is made a legal tender for 1/100 of a dollar, the half cent for 1/200 of a dollar, and the quarter cent for 1/400 of a dollar, but the extent to which the legal tender is confined is one dollar, that is payment exceeding one dollar cannot legally be made on cent, half cent, or quarter cent pieces.\n\nIt appears to have been the desire of the Indian Government to extend to the Straits Settlements the use of the Indian silver and copper coinage, but rupees and the Indian copper coins have never been current in the Straits Settlements, and the Indian Acts were repealed by Local Ordinance 4 of 1867, which preserves the copper coinage established by the Indian Act 6 of 1847, that is the cents, half cents, and quarter cents, and admits such copper or bronze coins as may be issued by Her Majesty's Mint or any branch thereof, representing the cent or 1/100, the half cent of 1/200, and the quarter cent or 1/400 part of a dollar as legal tender for sums up to one dollar.\n\nThe silver coinage is established by the same Local Ordinance of 1867, which makes the dollar issued from Her Majesty's Mint at Hong Kong, the silver dollar of Spain, Mexico, Peru, and Bolivar, and any other silver dollar to be specified by order of the Governor in Council, to be legal tender, of the same fineness and intrinsic value as the Hong Kong dollar, and if of not less than 415 grains troy weight, and not injured or defaced. (Under this law the Japanese yen or dollar has been admitted by an Order of the Governor in Council), and besides the dollar the Ordinance 4 of 1867 provides that such silver coins as may be issued from Her Majesty's Mint or any branch thereof, representing some fractional part of a dollar shall be legal tender for any sum not exceeding two dollars. Under this there are half dollars, 20 cents, 30 cents, and 5 cents silver pieces in circulation.\n\nAct 5 of 1867 to provide for conversion of all payments by or to the Government, and for the payments of salaries of public officers in dollars and cents, and for keeping the public accounts in dollars and cents.\n\n`STRAITS SETTLE-MENTS.` `355/28` `1223`\n`362/73` `1232`",
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    {
        "id": 316416,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-199 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [4]",
        "content_text": "56\n\nSec. 1. Rupees to be received and paid at Treasury at the rate of 220 for every 100 dollars.\n\nSec. 2. Proviso for payments of postage at 45 cents per rupee (this rate for payments for postage altered by Ordinance No. 17 of 1867), and for payment of stamp duties at 44 cents per rupee.\n\nSec. 3. Public accounts to be kept in dollars and cents. Sec. 4. Salaries of public officers, exchange for. Act 17 of 1867. To alter the rate of exchange for payments for postage provided for in section 2 of Ordinance No. 5 of 1867.\n\nOrder in Council, 27 November 1875. Rate for issue of silver dollar to H.M.'s troops reduced from 4s. 3d. to 4s. 1d.\n\nCoins in circulation.\n| Coin |\n| --- |\n| Hong Kong dollar of 1866 |\n| Mexican dollar, old |\n| Mexican dollar of 1868 |\n| Mexican dollar, new |\n| eagle, 1873 |\n| Japanese dollar or yen |\n| United States trade dollar |\n\nAmount of coin in circulation not known.\n\nAmount of paper currency in circulation:\n| Location | Bank | Amount |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Singapore | Oriental Bank Corporation | 254,046 |\n|  | Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, London, and China | 655,522 |\n|  | Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China | 836,528 |\n| Penang | Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, London, and China | 482,454 |\n|  | Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China | 400,497 |\n\nAccounts kept in dollars and cents.\n\n57\n\n## NEW SOUTH WALES\n\nImperial Act, 2 Gul. 4. cap. 34. (23 May 1832). For consolidating and amending the laws against offences relating to the coin.\n\nImperial Act, 16 & 17 Vict. cap. 48. (4 August 1853). For the punishment of offences in the Colonies in relation to the coin.\n\nImperial Act, 16 & 17 Vict. cap. 102. (20 August 1853). To prevent the defacing of the current coin of the realm.\n\nImperial Act, 33 Vict. cap. 10. (4 April 1870). To consolidate and amend the law relating to the coinage and Her Majesty's Mint.\n\nOrder in Council, 19 August 1853. Establishment of a branch of the Royal Mint at or near Sydney.\n\nOrder in Council, 18 October 1854, and Royal Proclamation of same date, making Sydney Mint sovereigns and half sovereigns a legal tender in Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania.\n\nOrder in Council, 3 February 1866, and Royal Proclamation of same date, making Sydney Mint gold coins a legal tender in Great Britain and Ireland.\n\nOrder in Council, 10 November 1866, and Royal Proclamation of same date, making Sydney Mint gold coins a legal tender in certain of Her Majesty's possessions abroad.\n\nOrder in Council, 14 January 1871, and Royal Proclamation of same date, ordering that from and after date of Proclamation in the Colony the Sydney Mint gold coins shall be of like designs as the corresponding coins of the currency of this realm, and giving currency to such coins.\n\nOrder in Council, 23 November 1877. Specimens of gold coins made at Sydney Mint need no longer be sent home. (So much of Order in Council of 19 August 1853 revoked.)\n\nLocal Act, 5 Geo. 4. No. 1 (28 September 1824). To make promissory notes and bills of exchange payable in Spanish dollars available as if such notes and bills had been drawn payable in sterling money of the realm. Repealed by 7 Geo. 4 cap. 3.\n\nLocal Act, 7 Geo. 4. No. 3 (12 July 1826). To repeal above Act, 5 Geo. 4. No. 1, and to promote the circulation of sterling money of Great Britain in New South Wales.",
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        "page_number": 52,
        "title": "CO129-199 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [4]",
        "content_text": "# \n74 \n## \n75 \n\nC \n\n## 1870. \n### 5 Feb. \nMauritius.-Currency of French Coins. Proclamation relating to new 1 and 2 franc pieces. \n### Silver, and Bronze Coins. \nApproving Proclamation giving currency to. \n\n### 6 July. \nNewfoundland.-New Gold, \n\n### 19 July. \nMauritius.-Currency of certain French Coins. Proclamation. \n\n### 9 Aug. \nNewfoundland.-Repealing Order of 6 July. \nNewfoundland.--New \n\n### 9 \n### 29 \n\n## 1871. \n### 14 Jan. \nGold, Silver, and Bronze Coins. Approving Proclamation giving currency to. \n### 29 \nNew South Wales. Design of Sydney Mint Coins. Fixed and giving currency to those coins. \n\n### 28 Mar. \nVictoria.-Sydney Mint Coins. Giving currency to. \n\n## 1872. \n### 21 Feb. \nGibraltar.-Mexican and South American Doubloons. Regulating current rate of. \n\n### 19 Mar. \nGibraltar. Postponing operation of above Order to 1 May. \n\n## 1874. \n### 28 Nov. \nGambia.-Belgian, Italian, and Swiss 5 franc Pieces. Legalizing currency of, on West Coast. \n\n## 1875. \n### 27 Nov. \nHong Kong.-Silver Dollar. Rate for issue to Her Majesty's troops reduced from 4s. 3d. to 4s. 1d. \n### 27 Nov. \nStraits Settlements.-Silver Dollar. Rate for issue to Her Majesty's troops reduced from 4s. 3d. to 4s. 1d. \n\n## 1876. \n### 12 Aug. \nMauritius.-Silver Rupee of India to be sole legal tender in the Colony. Proclamation declaring. \n### 24 Mar. \nGeneral. Decryal of British Copper Coinage. Approving proclamation. \n\n## 1877. \n### 23 Nov. \nNew South Wales. Gold Coins made at Sydney Mint. Specimens of, need no longer be sent home (so much of Order of 19 August 1853 revoked). \n\n## 1880. \n### 20 Apr. \nto be in St. Helena-Legal Currency restricted Coins of the United Kingdom, 40s. silver and 1s. in bronze, legal tender. \n### 2 May. \nGibraltar. Regulating the Currency and revoking Order in Council of 21 February 1872 and Proclamation of 1 April 1872. \n\n## 1881. \n### 29 Nov. \nCape, Natal.-Provisions of Imperial Currency Act, 33 Vict. cap. 10. (1870), to be extended to Cape and Natal from date of publication of the Queen's Proclamation by the Governor. \n### 29 \nFiji. Provisions of Imperial Currency Act, 33 Vict. cap. 10. (1870), to be extended to the Colony from date of publication of the Queen's Proclamation by the Governor. \n\n## \n51",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-199 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [4].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 319447,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "page_number": 2,
        "title": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "content_text": "C.0129/205\n\n## Office\n## Date\n## Hong Kong\n## 1882\n## Volume X\n\n### Contents\n\n| Subject | Date |\n| --- | --- |\n| Council Office | 22 Aug. Proposed Medical Ordinance. |\n| Board of Trade | 7 June. Surveyors under Board of Trade. |\n|  | 17 Nov. |\n|  | 25 Sept. From Harbour Master. Merchant Shipping Branch. |\n|  | 28. To Harbour Master. Assistant Surveyor. |\n| Law Officers | 11 March Domestic Servitude. |\n| Treasury | 13 Jan. Rate of Dollar Rupee, 1881-2(?) |\n|  | 7 March. Proposed Cable between Canton & Hong Kong. |\n|  | 20 |\n| Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank | 17 May. Cable between Hong Kong & China |\n|  | 17 July Hong Kong Banking Ordinance.. |\n| Foreign Office | 6 Feb. Seizure of Two Germans by a Chinese Brig. |\n|  | 4. Abrogation(?) of Extradition in China. |\n|  | KF(?) do(?) |\n|  | 4. 14 March proposed Cable to Canton. |\n|  | 18. How loan. |\n|  | \" 18 April Chinese Passives(?) to Canton. |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 319535,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "page_number": 90,
        "title": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "content_text": "## Rate of Dollar and Rupee for 1882-83\n\n**TREASURY CHAMBERS,  \n17th January, 1882.**\n\nSIR,\n\nI am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of the Secretary of State for the Colonies that, in accordance with the arrangements made in 1875 for the annual revision of the rate at which the Dollar is issued at Hong Kong, in the Straits Settlements, and on the China Station for Imperial service, payable in this country in sterling, my Lords have caused the necessary calculations to be made of the average price of standard silver in the London market during the calendar year 1881, and of the corresponding value of the Mexican Dollar.\n\nI am to inform you that according to the terms of the above arrangement, the Dollar should be issued during the financial year 1882-83, at the rate of Three Shillings and Eightpence (3s. 8d.); and that according to the same mode of valuation, the rate of issue of the Rupee in the colonies of Ceylon and Mauritius, and on the East Indian Station, for Imperial services payable in this country in sterling, should be fixed at One Shilling and Eightpence (1s. 8d.) for 1882-83.\n\nMy Lords desire me to add that the necessary instructions have been sent to the Treasury Chest Officers at Hong Kong, Straits Settlements, Ceylon, and Mauritius for the adoption of the above rates as from 1st April next.\n\nI am, SIR,  \nYour obedient Servant,  \n**StWelly**\n\n(25 182-H & S 1579)\n\nPage 90  \nPage 91",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 323970,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "page_number": 2,
        "title": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "content_text": "C0129/214\n\nOffice.\n\nDate.\n\nMong Mong\n\n1883.\n\nVolume !!!.\n\nContents.\n\nSubject.\n\nAdmiralty 31 Oct. Local Naval Defence Force.\n\nDec. Arrival & prisoner Logan at Hong Kong.\n\n7 Dec. Disposition of Am ships on the China Station.\n\n12 Sept. Enlistment of constables - Pension Rules.\n\nBe & Trade. 17 May. Draft Regulo for exam = of Officers of Mercantile Marine\n\n19 Oct. Permit fees on Seamen accepting engagements.\n\n21 Dec. Proposed Spirit Duties in Siam.\n\nTreasury. 17 Jan. Value of the dollar & rupee for 1883-4.\n\n20 Feb. Permission to land cable to Eastern Extension, Australia & China Tel:\n\n3 Apr. Adhesion of Eastern Tel. to Telegraph Convention.\n\n25 May Eastern Extension Tel for new cable between Hong Kong & Shanghai.\n\n15 Aug. Permission to Eastern Tel: Co land cable-connect Hong Kong & Tonquin\n\n1 Nov. Contribution payable to GPO's loss on mail service.\n\nForeign Off. 3 Jan. Liberation of two Chinese fugitives.\n\n10 Jan. Spirit trade in Siam.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 324025,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "page_number": 57,
        "title": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "content_text": "be or Individual.\n\nDute.\n\n1883\n\n17 Jan.\n\nprevious Paper.\n\nStraits - Ceylon - Mauritius\n\nNo. 1035\n\n(Subject.)\n\n-DOMESTIC.\n\nC. O. 1035\n\nREG? 18 JAN 53\n\nValue of the dollar and Rupee for 1883.\n\nDollar will be rated at 3.49: the Rupee at 100) 6 annas. 8-82\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nM. Meade\n\nM. Round tore\n\nThe Dollar is put higher than last year.\n\n'gon 18/1/83.\n\nat the same as last year.\n\n? Put by. G.W.D. 18 Jan.\n\nM.R. Janse\n\n8/1/9/1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 324026,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "page_number": 58,
        "title": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "content_text": "TREASURY CHAMBERS, \n\n17th January, 1883. \n\nSIR, \n\nI am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of the Earl of Derby that, in accordance with the arrangements made in 1875 for the annual revision of the rate at which the Dollar is issued at Hong Kong, in the Straits Settlements, and on the China Station, for Imperial service, payable in this country in sterling, my Lords have caused the necessary calculations to be made of the average price of standard silver in the London market during the calendar year 1882, and of the corresponding value of the Mexican Dollar. \n\nI am to inform you that, according to the terms of the above arrangement, the Dollar should be issued during the financial year 1883-84 at the rate of Three Shillings and Ninepence (3s. 9d.); and that, according to the same mode of valuation, the rate of issue of the Rupee in the colonies of Ceylon and Mauritius, and on the East Indian Station, for Imperial services, payable in this country in sterling, should be fixed at One Shilling and Eightpence (1s. 8d.) for 1883-84. \n\nMy Lords desire me to add that the necessary instructions have been sent to the Treasury Chest Officers at Hong Kong, Straits Settlements, Ceylon, and Mauritius for the adoption of the above rates as from 1st April next. \n\nI am, SIR, \n\nYour obedient Servant, \n\nRowelly\n\nUnder Secretary of State, Colonial Office\n\nR & S(3826) 25 1--83\n\nRate of Dollar and Rupee for 1883-84.\n\n103554 REOP REGO 18 JAN\n\nNo. 208 83",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 325836,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-216 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 425,
        "title": "CO129-216 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "# \n\n424 \n\na globe, that the plan of coining British dollars, adopted during a short period some years ago, was afterwards abandoned. The evils of the existing currency, chiefly consisting of worn and mutilated Mexican dollars of uncertain value, are even more intolerable than those so graphically described by Lord Macaulay in his history of England (Chapter XXI). Moreover, there can be little doubt but that the British dollar, with the \"image and superscription\" of the Queen, would, (like the British Rupee in India and in the neighbouring countries), have gradually superseded other silver currency throughout the Chinese Empire, and would have ultimately proved a powerful and legitimate means of extending British influence. I am aware, however, of the practical difficulties which surround this question.\n\nIn conclusion, I request that I may be informed, at as early a period as may be convenient, of the final decision of Her Majesty's Government.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-216 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [5-6].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 326541,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-218 - Administrator Marsh Governor Sir Bowen & Others - 1884 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 5,
        "title": "CO129-218 - Administrator Marsh Governor Sir Bowen & Others - 1884 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "## Despatch.\n\n| Date | Conf. | Subject |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 402. 6 Dec. | # | System of Declaration of Colonial Account. |\n| 403. | $ | Local Naval Defence Force. |\n| do. |  | Half Pay of Mr. Marsh during Governor's leave. |\n| 406. | # | Leave of absence on Medical Certificate. |\n|  | F | Remission of fines on Chinese Boatmen. Rumoured intention of Chinese attack on French fleet. Financial condition of the Colony. |\n| 407. 10 | # |  |\n| 11/2 | # | Ordinance 10 of 1852 |\n| 410. 18 | All. 19 |  |\n| 124. A | # | 4 |\n| 412. |  | Escape of Chinese criminal convicted in likening intothing. Principles of Quarantine |\n| 417 |  | Honorarium of Mr Hillier, Chinese Instructor to cadets. |\n| 418. Separate 26 | # |  |\n| 419. | # |  |\n\n## Office | Date | Subject\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Council Office | 9 July | Medical Registration Ordinance. |\n| Board of Trade. | 7 Jan | Quarantine Regulations under Ordinance 9/1883. |\n| do. | 14 Feb. | Reciprocation in UK of Seamen's Certificates granted in Hongkong. |\n| do. | 3 Mar | Fees on Shipping of Merchant Seamen at Hongkong. |\n| do. | 29 Sept. | Suspension of Certificate of Master of `$1` Harbour. Quarantine Regulations. |\n| Treasury. | 17 Jan | Value of Dollar & Rupee, 1884-5. |\n|  | 22 Apr. | Cable between Hongkong & Tonquin. Colonial Contributions to loss on Mail Service. |\n|  | 21 May |  |\n|  | 17 June | Cable between Hongkong & Macao. Landing of Eastern Extension Tel. Cable. |\n|  | 19 | The Savings Bank Ordinance (10 of 1852+) |\n|  | 26 | Leasing of the Opium Farm. |\n|  | 420. 27 | Trade Marks of Mr. Li Isz alias Li Low Hui. |\n|  | 29 | Prize Distribution at St. Paul's & St. Joseph's College. |\n|  | 422. 30 | Supply of Fund for Crown agents. |\n\n## Office | Date | Subject\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| House of Commons | 24 Oct. | Coaling of French warships. |\n| Admiralty. | 19 Apr. | Affairs in China. |\n| do. | 28 Aug. | Local Naval Defence Force. |\n| Crown Agents. | 18 Mar. | Appointment of Mr. C. Malsch as Clerk of Works |\n| do. | 22 Apr. | Supply of Patent Destructor & Disinfector. |\n| do. | 8 May | Appointment of Mr. Higestone to be Foreman of Works. |\n| do | 21 Aug | Masonry Dam of Tytam Reservoir. |\n|  | 23 | Bills on Oriental Bank for Postal Remittances from Hongkong. |\n|  | 17 July | Hongkong- Macao Cable of the Easterntel |\n|  | 8 Dec. | Note Issue by Hongkong & Shanghai Bank |\n| Home Office. | 16 Oct | Vacancy for a Superintendent of the Gaol. |\n| War Office. | 25 Jan | Local Naval Defence Force. |\n|  | 31 Mar | Erection of a Lazaretto on Stonecutters Island. |\n| do. | 10 May | Dummy gun practice for Col. Artillery Volunteers. |\n| do. | 1 Sept. | Defences of the Colony. Protection of Batteries from Assault. |\n| do. | 9 | Defences of the Colony. |\n| do. | 12 | Extension of the Sea wall. |\n| do. | 27 Nov. | Defences in Hongkong. |\n| Easterntel | 11 Jan. | Laying of a cable between Hong Kong & Tonquin.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-218 - Administrator Marsh Governor Sir Bowen & Others - 1884 [11-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 326876,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-218 - Administrator Marsh Governor Sir Bowen & Others - 1884 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 340,
        "title": "CO129-218 - Administrator Marsh Governor Sir Bowen & Others - 1884 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "## Domestic\n### Date: 17 Jan 1884\n\n**Previous Paper:** Hong Kong, Ceylon, Straits, Mauritius No. 1079\n\n**RECP DOMESTIC. Co. 337 1079**\n\n**REGO 19 JAN 84**\n\n**Nature of Dollar & Rupee, 1884-5**\n| Currency | Rate |\n| --- | --- |\n| Dollar | 3/9 |\n| Rupee | 1/8 |\n\n13813) ruce. 1-88\n\n**(Minutes.)**\n\nMr Meade  \nMr Round to see Seem JAR Sama ? Put br 21/1/64. as last Jear S:W. J. 19 Jan- Gud. 19. Jen.. ator QM 2/1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-218 - Administrator Marsh Governor Sir Bowen & Others - 1884 [11-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 326877,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-218 - Administrator Marsh Governor Sir Bowen & Others - 1884 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 341,
        "title": "CO129-218 - Administrator Marsh Governor Sir Bowen & Others - 1884 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "## Rate of Dollar and Rupee for 1884-85\n\n**RECO C 0. 1079 PEG 19 JAN 84 338**\n\n### TREASURY CHAMBERS, 17th January, 1884.\n\n**SIR,**\n\nI am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, that, in accordance with the arrangements made in 1875 for the annual revision of the rate at which the Dollar is issued at Hong Kong, in the Straits Settlements, and on the China Station, for Imperial service, payable in this country in sterling, my Lords have caused the necessary calculations to be made of the average price of standard silver in the London market during the calendar year 1883, and of the corresponding value of the Mexican Dollar.\n\nI am to inform you that, according to the terms of the above arrangement, the Dollar should be issued during the financial year 1884-85 at the rate of Three Shillings and Ninepence (3s. 9d.); and that, according to the same mode of valuation, the rate of issue of the Rupee in the colonies of Ceylon and Mauritius, and on the East Indian Station, for Imperial services, payable in this country in sterling, should be fixed at One Shilling and Eightpence (1s. 8d.) for 1884-85.\n\nMy Lords desire me to add that the necessary instructions have been sent to the Treasury Chest Officers at Hong Kong, Straits Settlements, Ceylon, and Mauritius for the adoption of the above rates as from 1st April next.\n\nI am, SIR,\n\nYour obedient Servant,\n\n1. A. Taile\n\nUnder Secretary of State\n\nColonial Office\n\n`(11,891) 25 1-84` \n## No. 203 84",
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    },
    {
        "id": 329224,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 3,
        "title": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "# \nOffice. \nDate. \nSubject. \n\nOffice Individual. \nor \nDak. \nSubject. \n\n## Admiralty\n9 Apr. Direct Telegraphic Communication with King of War Office.\n8 May Land in front of Battery at Belcher's Point.\n\n## \n20 \n# \ndo. \n27 \n# \nRequest of Hongkong for torpedo boats.\n\n## \ndo. \ndr. \n7 \n28 Sept. Retired pay of Command: Rumsey while at Harb: Master \n\n## Dec.\nCost of Colonial Observatory.\n\n## \nbown agents.\n11 Feb. Control & Consulting Engineer Over Tytam Water Works.\n3 Mar. Public Works Loan of £200,000.\n17 June. Manufacture of coins called \"Cash\" \n19 Sept. Colonial Defences.\ndo. \ndo. \nDo \nAcquisition of land for Military purposes \n\n## Eastern Extension Tel.\n27 Mar. Telegraphic communication between Singapore & Hong Kong \ndo \ndo. \n130 \n} \nDo Do \nLand: Chamber of 11 Apr. Defences of Hong Kong & Singapore.\n\n## \nfoumera Central Tel. Off.\n13 \n\"Times.\" \n27 Aug. Tytam Water Works- Obans of Consulting Engineer G.P.O.\nProgress & cost of Tytam Water Works.\n7 Sept Estimate for Tytam Water Works.\n\n## \ndo. \ndo. \n24 Apr. Vouchers respecting their accounts.\ndo. \ndo. \nds. \n29 \ndo. \nds. \n& \nBd. & Trade.\ndo. \n123 \ndo. \n12 Nov. Cost of Boring tunnel for Tytam Water Works.\n\n## \n15 Jan. Suspension of Masters' Certificates.\nExplosion of boiler of the \"Yat Sai.\"\n15 Sept. Quarantine Regulations.\n\n## Treasury\n5 Feb. Value of the Dollar & Rupee, 1885-6.\ndo. \ndo. \ndo \ndo. \n11 Mar. Ordinance to facilitate business of Savings Bank \n25 Apr. Direct cable, Singapore to Hongkong.\n22 Aug. Appeal of Major Gordon to draw retired pay.\n3 Sept. \n\n## War Office\n21 Feb. Proposed alteration of the Kowloon Frontier.\n13 Mar. Defence Works.\ndo. \n6 Apr. \ndo. \ndo. \n15 \ndo. \n27 \n# \nDo \nDirect Cable between Hongkong & Singapore.\nIncrease of the Garrison.\nSingapore. Saijon table.\n26 May. Defences of Hongkong.\n7 Early Ordinances 12 of 1884 & 11 of 1885.\n\n## Eastern Ext: Tel:\n9 \nG.R.O. \nL.G.B. \n# \nHongkong - Singapore Cable.\nContribution \n\n## \n15 Sept. Surcharge against H.M. P.O. for arrears of Mail Service \n11 Nov. Sanitary Measures in case of Cholera epidemic.\n\n## Coats, J.F.P.\n21 Apr. Their Trade Marks.\n\n## Gordon G.C.M.G.\n19 Feb. Appt as Supt. of Victoria Gaol.\n\n## Hennessy, Sir J.P.\n23 June Proceedings of Russian Corvette \"Ryabnik\" ... Medal but Clay Awards two or personal ...\n\n## Morrison, J \n30 Oct. Passages for his step-sons",
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    {
        "id": 329498,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 307,
        "title": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "## DOMESTIC. C. O. 0135\nREGO 6 FEB 85/\n\n### (Subject.)\nValue of the Dollar + Rupee 1885-6  \n3/8 + 1//2 respectively\n\nDate: 5 Feb 1885  \nPrevious Paper: Hong Kong No. 2105  \nSubsequent Paper: ...\n\n### (Minutes.)\nM. Meade  \nThe Rupee descends again  \n? Part 1.  \nW-astly 887.2  \nS.W. I. 67%6. que 326 E.A.2.6.7.  \nDi Fel.8",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    {
        "id": 329499,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 308,
        "title": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "## Rate of Dollar and Rupee for 1885-6\n\n**TREASURY CHAMBERS, February, 1885.**\n\nSir,\n\nI am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of the Earl, that, in accordance with the arrangements in 1875 for the annual revision of the rate at which the Dollar is issued at Hong Kong, in the Straits Settlements, and on the China Station, for Imperial Service payable in this country in sterling, My Lords have caused the necessary calculations to be made of the average price of standard silver in the London market during the calendar year 1884, and of the corresponding value of the Mexican Dollar.\n\nI am to inform you that, according to the terms of the above arrangement, the Dollar should be issued during the financial year 1885-6 at the rate of three shillings and eightpence (3s. 8d.); and that, according to the same mode of valuation, the rate of issue of the Rupee in the Colonies of Ceylon and Mauritius, and on the East Indian Station, for Imperial Services payable in this country in sterling, should be fixed at one shilling and sevenpence-halfpenny (1s. 7½d.) for 1885-6.\n\nMy Lords desire me to add that the necessary instructions have been sent to the Treasury Chest Officers at Hong Kong, Straits Settlements, Ceylon, and Mauritius, for the adoption of the above rates as from the 1st of April next.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nYour obedient Servant,\n\n`R & S (4613a) 25 1--85`\n`REGO 6 FEB 85`\n\nPage 307\nPage 412\nPage 105",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12].txt",
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    },
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        "id": 332021,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 4,
        "title": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "Office.\n\n*C.\n\nDate\n\nSubject\n\nAdmiralty 16 Jan Erection of a Wesleyan Chapel\n\n4\n\n#\n\nby Mar Attarth bys chincal Gunboats on piratical craft\n\n!at Kowloone\n\ny apt hand required for the extension of the naval yard\n\n31 May Hon- conviction of civilians for bringing spirituous\n\nliquor alongside H.M.S. \"Flying Fish\"\n\n26 July Ordinance re: spirituous liquors on board ship\n\n119\n\nbet. Blocking of Kellet's Bank\n\n122\n\nOrdinance re: Conveyance of liquor on board ship\n\nAgents 12 Jan. Pay of Public Constables\n\nThe P.W.D. in connection with the Tylam Water Works\n\n18\n\n24\n\n21\n\n4\n\nDraft ordce re: loan for £200,000\n\n15 July Tylam Water Works\n\n14 Aug agreement for engagement of Policemen\n\n114\n\nCrown Agents Remuneration\n\n29 Oct. Quality of the Portland Cement required for the Water Work\n\nCouncil Office 13 Jan\n\nCattle Disease Ordinance (19 of 1885) 1 Sept. Appt of a Veterinary Surgeon\n\nin H.K.\n\nBd. of Trade 7 May Annual booking of Wooden steamers\n\n28 June Employment of Foreigners on British Vessels Ordinance re: spirituous liquor\n\non board ship\n\n11 Aug.\n\nIndia Office 20 Jan. The Opium Trade\n\n9 June Direct cable between Hong Kong and Singapore\n\n29 July Proposed modification of opium agreement with China\n\nTreasury 22 Jan. Rate of Dollar and Rupee for 1886-7\n\n7 Sept. Eastern mail Service.\n\n2\n\nle\n\nPage",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 332069,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 52,
        "title": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "No.\n\nGovernor. caroh 355\n\nDate.\n\n11686 hor 2\n\nLast previous Paper.\n\n?\n\nmo: 85-20Dec\n\nNext subsequent Paper.\n\nHory Kony\n\nNo. 22595\n\nMemorial from\n\n(Subject.)\n\nDESPATCH.\n\nC. O.\n\n22595\n\nREUP\n\nFEC 14 DEC 16\n\n50\n\nfrom certain European constables\n\nForwards petition for increase of pay and\n\nrestoration of privilege of remitting at 4/2,.\n\nRecommends\n\nthe second course.\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nThe pay of the European Constabulary was lately recounted and fixed. It is admitted that the\n\nincreased fig...\n\nalhard pache.\n\nSon of family's unthere.\n\nwisease\n\nIf a father were to be reaffay Ishores prefer\n\nto\n\nan addition in pay & a restoration of remittance Privilege, which we have already alsished\n\nwith most difficult.\n\nI should decline Dawph with to Arling Formon's\n\n(\n\nRick Dec 16.\n\nJagran OH 17.12 Draft atera Rutta 19\n\nMult we\n\nLs\n\nHowever, to follow the exact instructions given and to improve the text according to the rules, here is a more refined version in HTML format:\n\nNo.\n\nGovernor. carol 355\n\nDate.\n\n11/6/86 hor 2\n\nLast previous Paper.\n\n?\n\nmo: 85-20Dec\n\nNext subsequent Paper.\n\nHong Kong\n\nNo. 22595\n\nMemorial from\n\n(Subject.)\n\nDESPATCH.\n\nC. O.\n\n22595\n\nREUP\n\nFEC 14 DEC 16\n\n50\n\nfrom certain European constables\n\nForwards petition for increase of pay and\n\nrestoration of privilege of remitting at 4/2 per rupee.\n\nRecommends\n\nthe second course.\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nThe pay of the European Constabulary was lately recounted and fixed. It is admitted that the\n\nincreased figure is hard to justify.\n\n...\n\nIf a father were to be re-employed, I should prefer\n\nan addition in pay & a restoration of remittance Privilege, which we have already abolished\n\nwith great difficulty.\n\nI should decline dealing with Arling Formon's\n\n(\n\nRick Dec 16.\n\nJagran OH 17.12 Draft letter sent 19\n\nMult...\n\nLs\n\nCorrected and formatted according to the given rules, the output is directly provided in HTML as instructed.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 332640,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 623,
        "title": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "DOMESTIC.\n\nNo. 1178/1886.\n\nDate: Su 22.\n\nPrevious Paper: No. 1178.\n\n(Subject.) Fluctuation of Dollar & Rupee in 1886-7.\n\nLate of Jollen 3/4, Mr Meades.\n\n(Minutes.) Pusse 1/2, Putly and 23, Subay about Qui 12071.\n\nSubsequent Paper.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 332641,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 624,
        "title": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "DYN\n\n354/8\n\n86.\n\nRate of Dollar and Rupee for\n\nRE?\n\n1178\n\n621 COLA 25 URTEC)\n\n1886-7.\n\nTREASURY CHAMBERS,\n\n22 January 1886.\n\n3/7°\n\nSir,\n\nI am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, that, in accordance with the arrangements made in 1875 for the annual revision of the rate at which the Dollar is issued at Hong Kong, in the Straits Settlements, and on the China Station, for Imperial Service payable in this country in sterling, My Lords have caused the necessary calculations to be made of the average price of standard silver in the London market during the calendar year 1885 and of the corresponding value of the Mexican Dollar.\n\nI am to inform you that, according to the terms of the above arrangement, the Dollar should be issued during the financial year 1886-7 at a rate of three shillings and seven pence, and that, according to the same mode of valuation, the rate of issue of the Rupee in the Colonies of Ceylon and Mauritius, and on the East Indian Station, for Imperial Services payable in this country in sterling, should be fixed at one shilling and seven pence for 1886-7.\n\nMy Lords desire me to add that the necessary instructions have been sent to the Treasury Chest Officers at Hong Kong, Straits Settlements, Ceylon, and Mauritius, for the adoption of the above rates as from the 1st of April next.\n\nTo the Secretary of State, Colonial Office.\n\nR & S (12,349a) 100 1-96\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour obedient Servant,\n\nNswelty",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 334646,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-233 - Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 468,
        "title": "CO129-233 - Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "453\n\nrespectfully submits there is some misapprehension, and I therefore have consented to re-submit his case for your kind and favourable consideration.\n\nThe only part of his contention I cannot acquiesce in is that the Rupee in Beyton has the same purchasing power as the Dollar here.\n\n6. As regards future salary for Colonial Surgeons, I think it should commence at a lower rate and be incremental according to length of service, in order to preserve the necessary zeal and efficiency, which otherwise are sure to deteriorate.\n\n7. As regards the application to be allowed to reckon certain service in Mauritius towards pension, though admittedly not met by any regulation, I feel sure that all possible consideration",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-233 - Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [6-8].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 334647,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-233 - Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 469,
        "title": "CO129-233 - Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "consideration will be shown.\n\nunder the circumstances.\n\nmentioned to so\n\nvery hardworking and excellent a\n\nCivil Servant as Dr Ayres, highly esteemed\n\nwho is so\n\nby the Government and\n\npublic, and has rendered\n\nsuch valuable service to\n\nthe Colony\n\nI have the honour to be, Sir,\n\nYour Most Obedient Humble Servant,\n\nAflamern\n\n•\n\nSir\n\nEnclosure\n\n459\n\nGovernment Civil Hospital\n\nAugust 1st, 1884\n\nI have the honor to acknowledge\n\nthe receipt of your letter No. 1081 of last July containing\n\na copy of\n\nthe Secretary of State's Despatch No. 85 of 6th June 1884, concerning my\n\napplication for\n\nan increase of\n\nsalary.\n\nRegarding the offer\n\nmade by Lord Derby in his despatch No. 336 of\n\nthe 24th October 1883, that\n\nmy position would have compared\n\nfavourably with that\n\nof the Principal Civil Medical Officer of Ceylon, I have to observe that only his pay of Rs. 2000 has been mentioned, besides which he receives fees amounting, according to the\n\nCeylon Blue Book\n\nof last year,\n\nto over Rs. 6,000 and Rs. 420 allowance for horses. Also, that the purchasing power of the Rupee in Ceylon is equivalent\n\nto that of the Dollar in Hong Kong, not only that, but his work is mainly supervisory, not executive, so that neither in pay\n\nnor work can his position\n\nbe compared with mine.\n\nTo come nearer to this Colony, the Principal Civil Medical Officer of Singapore, whose work also is mainly that of supervision (neither of these appointments requiring night duty, or more than a limited amount of day duty), the pay is $4,800, horse allowance $240, and fees for Bills of Health $10 each. Singapore, which according to last year's\n\nBlue Book amounted\n\nto $2,000.\n\nThe Honorable F. Stewart, LL.D.\n\nActing Colonial Secretary",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-233 - Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [6-8].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 334648,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-233 - Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 470,
        "title": "CO129-233 - Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "460\n\nWithin the last two years both the Colonial Surgeons of Singapore have visited this Colony and were astonished at the large amount of work required in my appointment and the smallness of the pay I have shown in my application that the work required of the Colonial Surgeon has more than quadrupled, surely it is not much to ask considering the wealth of the Colony and the increase in the Staff of Officials that the pay of the Colonial Surgeon which was liberal a quarter of a century ago may be increased in reasonable proportion to the increase in importance and work and that the Colonial Surgeon's appointment should be put on a proper footing for time to come.\n\nI am compelled to accept the terms offered as it is impossible to carry on private practice with Government work which is increasing yearly in its demands on my services. I would therefore respectfully request His Excellency the Acting Governor to reconsider and represent my case.\n\nAs regards the present offer, adding £200 offered by Lord Derby to my present pay of £820 would make the Colonial Surgeon's allowance £1020 a year, and this with the chair coolies allowance heretofore granted, and the proposed addition of $90 for House allowance in which I have to find a waiting and consulting room is very small when compared with the pay of both the appointments mentioned, even without taking into consideration the greater amount of labour required.\n\nI would add another petition that my years of service in the Colony of Mauritius may count for pension for the following reasons: the allowance recommended by His Excellency the late Administrator cannot be sanctioned. In April 1866 I joined the Mauritius Government Service as Surgeon to the Coolie Emigration Department. I was engaged at £300 a year and an allowance of a rupee a head for every coolie landed alive going from India to Mauritius or returning from Mauritius to India and was to be at the service of the Mauritius Government for shore duty when not required afloat by Emigration Department.\n\nIn the Autumn of 1867 a violent Epidemic of Fever broke out and the services of the Emigration Surgeons were required on shore. I was on shore all this time receiving only £300 a year, having to find board and lodging, while many ships with coolies were left in charge of Native Apothecaries having the slightest knowledge of medicine, thereby losing the head money allowance, besides being mulcted in addition, in board and lodging expenses, which I should not have had to pay at sea.\n\nIn May 1868, suffering severely from fever and being of no further use ashore, I was shipped off to Calcutta in charge of coolies, having served through the severest time of the epidemic which carried off nearly a third of the population of Mauritius.\n\nOn July 1868, I was compelled by the decision of the Emigration Department in Calcutta to send in my resignation as Consulting Surgeon of Emigration Department.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-233 - Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [6-8].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 335388,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "page_number": 4,
        "title": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "content_text": "Office, &c.\n\nDate\n\nBoard\n\nof\n\nSubject\n\nGrade 4 Feb. Erection of a lighthouse on Dap Rock\n\nBill to amend Stamp Ordinance\n\nTreasury\n\n1 Dec\n\n12 Jan Use of Hong Kong subsidiary coins outside the\n\nOffice, 40\n\nDate\n\nSubject.\n\nForeign Office 19 May Opium Ordinance\n\n28\n\n1\n\n31.\n\n2\n\n[ with Peking Legation.\n\nCommunication of Chamber of Commerce direct\n\n8 June the Lonquin and Burmah Frontiers of China\n\nHong Kong\n\nAl\n\n20\n\nIM\n\n\"\n\n1:\n\nRate of Exchange for Dollar and\n\nRupee\n\n\"\n\n22\n\n杂\n\n!\n\n查\n\n19 July Offer of Japanese Govt to coin silver yen for the\n\nTang.\n\n\"\n\nq\n\n4\n\nbrdel se\n\nNon-corporation Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking\n\n27 Sept offer of Japanese Govt to coin silver yen for the Colony\n\n206 Rates of pay for Gun Lascaris\n\nForeign Office Jan Proceedings of the Opium Commission\n\n\"\n\n*\n\n11\n\n\"\n\n\"\n\n\"\n\n11\n\n\"\n\n15\n\n14\"\n\n244\n\n4\n\nChefoo Convention\n\nProceedings of the Opium Commission\n\nchi\n\n1 Feb. Smuggling of Opium into China from Macao Extradition of Chang Yeh and Chang the Frade Franco-Chinese Commercial Convention: Effect\n\n10\n\n\"\n\n15\n\n红\n\nOpium Traffic at Macao\n\nOpium Agreement\n\nFranco-Chinese Commercial Convention.\n\n26. Seizure of a Chinaman within Hong Kong waters\n\nAdditional Article of the Chefoo Convention\n\n28.\n\n15 Mar Seizure of a Wo a Fung within Colonial Waters\n\nTreaty between Portugal and China re Macao\n\non Opium under Chefoo Convention negotiations between Portugal and China\n\n1/0\n\nJ\n\n122\n\n4\n\nLikin Anti\n\n1 Apr. Opium clauses of Chefoo Convention\n\nOpium negotiations between Portugal & China\n\n2 May Rendition of,\n\n\"\n\n16\n\n4\n\n40 Chinese Criminals\n\nRendition of a Chinese now undergoing\n\nsentence at Hong Kong\n\n14\n\n\"\n\nJune of H.\n\nOffer of Japanese Govt to coin silver Yen for the\n\nAmt \"Espoir\" of\n\nExtradition of one Markham\n\n5 July Privileges of Foreign mail steamers\n\nApply of Spanish Govt. for privileges for\n\nlu\n\nC\n\n18\n\n19\n\n\"\n\n22\n\ntr\n\n26\n\n30\n\n#\n\nSpanish mail steamers\n\nArrangements re: lunatic I.P. Kennelly Opium Ordinance\n\nExtradition of Markham\n\nNational\n\nProposed Chinese National Post Office\n\nOpium Ordinance\n\n18 Aug Vagrancy Ordinance\n\n23\n\n14\n\n\"\n\nFi\n\nExtradition Treaty with China\n\n24 Sept. Mt. Bourne's Journey in SW. China\n\n24\n\nY but\n\n14\n\n25\n\n13/\n\naffairs\n\nOpium negotiations between Portugal & China Petition of Lan Far to the Secy of State for Foreign\n\nPro steamers\n\nPart one's payable in third by Proposed Extradition Treaty with China Likin on Kerosene bill shipped to Canton Additional Convention between China & France. Likin on Kerosene bill shipped to Canton.\n\n14 Dec. Portuguese Comml. Treaty with China\n\nadditional Convention between China and France\n\n8 hor\n\n241\n\n26)\n\nfr\n\nHome Office 14 July\n\nExtradition Cust\n\nof\n\nBar Office 9 Mar Supply of\n\n16\n\nit\n\nMz. A. W. Markham\n\nnew heavy armament for H. Kong.\n\n7\n\n16 June Acquisition of land in Hong Kong\n\nMaj Genl Gordon's non-\n\nnon-effective pay\n\n24\n\nif\n\n1\n\nts\n\nPage",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887.txt",
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    {
        "id": 335513,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "page_number": 129,
        "title": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "content_text": "The Govt Hong Kong \n\nto the danger of \n\nthe issue of the \n\ncomms in large quantity \n\nbad for com entrada \n\nor Individual, \n\nTreasury \n\nDate. \n\n1809 Diy Janst. \n\nbut a \n\nthe Treasury \n\nletter \n\ncopy of your \n\nUnder acknowledgment \n\nthis has been forwarded \n\nto the Governor. \n\nHongkong \n\nB. Honduras \n\nNo. \n\nRate \n\n1089 \n\n(Subject.) \n\nExchange 87-8 \n\nDOMESTIC. \n\n1089 \n\n1 JAN 07, \n\n126 \n\nprevious Paper, \n\nreckoned \n\nat \n\nThe dollar will be \n\n3/4 \n\n& the Rupee at 1.5/2/2 \n\nB. Honduras, \n\nAus \n\nNo 4 \n\nCann \n\nFeb 87 \n\n7 Left/27 \n\nSubsequent Paper. \n\n(Minutes.) \n\nIW-Meade \n\nSold less than last year. \n\nFor Wingfield \n\nFor Meade. \n\n? Put by \n\nKerr 24/1 \n\nNot by Gen Best \n\nJud 21 Jan. \n\nand 21/1 \n\nI have fortunately intercepted this, to the British Honduras service, most \n\nimportant document, on its path to Miron, \n\nThe Treasury give the rate for the",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 335518,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "page_number": 134,
        "title": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "content_text": "Oct 1006 to the \n\n31st Sept 1807,\n\nand \n\nthe \n\ndo \n\nJames \n\nSubsequent Years? \n\nIt is desirable to have the period \n\non which calculation is based \n\nCertain \n\nYears \n\n196 \n\nfor which \n\npossible \n\nSIR,\n\nthe \n\nrate in Sterck \n\nStorck \n\nto the year for which \n\nit \n\nConvenient to fix the rate would be in cumbo \n\nwith Rashes.\n\nA \n\nabout the \n\nEstimates \n\nLast \n\nwill be this, put into final \n\nBritish Honduras \n\nClear, \n\nform \n\nbefore Ortther \n\nIn no Ajutor. \n\nwrite auth \n\nExplaining why.\n\nRM 579 \n\n8.0. \n\n3.9. \n\nC O. 1039 \n\nRate of Dollar and Rupee for 1887-8. \n\n10 JAN 87, \n\n131 \n\nTREASURY CHAMBERS, \n\n17th January, 1887.\n\nI am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of Secretary of State for the Colonies,\n\nthat, in accordance with the arrangements in 1875 for the annual revision of the rate at which the Dollar is issued at Hong Kong, in the Straits Settlements, and on the China Station, for Imperial Service payable in this country in sterling, My Lords have caused the necessary calculations to be made of the average price of standard silver in the London market during the calendar year 1886 and of the corresponding value of the Mexican Dollar.\n\nI am to inform you that, according to the terms of the above arrangement, the Dollar should be issued during the financial year 1887-8 at the rate of 3s. 4d. and that, according to the same mode of valuation, the rate of issue of the Rupee in the Colonies of Ceylon and Mauritius, and on the East Indian Station, for Imperial Services payable in this country in sterling, should be fixed at 1s. 5d.\n\nMy Lords desire me to add that the necessary instructions have been sent to the Treasury Chest Officers at Hong Kong, Straits Settlements, Ceylon, and Mauritius, for the adoption of the above rates as from the 1st of April next.\n\nUnder Secretary of State, Colonial Office.\n\nR & S (21,276a) 50 1-87 \n\nI have the honour to be, \n\nSIR, \n\nYour obedient Servant, \n\nRewelber",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 335521,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "page_number": 137,
        "title": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "content_text": "I am bringing \n\nin the \n\nBrooks \n\n7 \n\naccount- \n\nthe \n\nColony \n\ntransactions by the C. Agents \n\nin this country, all \n\nDRAFT. \n\nthe Secretary to \n\nthe Treasury \n\nFor H. Kong \n\n1089 \n\nB. Honduras \n\n134 \n\nSeptember 187 \n\nSums \n\nstated in \n\ntheir accounts. \n\nMINUTE. 5 Sept \n\nMr. \n\nPhire's 6 \n\nin sterling \n\nmust \n\nhenceforward \n\n1 \n\nThe converted into dollars \n\nat the rate for the year. This \n\nat \n\nMr. Wingfield. \n\n6 \n\nOur \n\nchange \n\nwill deal \n\nthe \n\na summary \n\nHon \n\naccounts of the Colony \n\nnearly represent the \n\nactual cost \n\nEach item of \n\nExpenditure might more \n\nproperly be made. The Estimate for such year I see the entry hardly than they do at present when \n\nmuch of \n\nenter \n\nwhat am \n\nnally \n\nIn sums \n\nmay \n\nbe charged under \n\nthe head of Cost of Remittance \n\nI have \n\nMr. Hales 6 \n\nMr. Bramston. \n\nMr. Meade. \n\nSir R. Herbert. \n\nLord Onslow. \n\nSir H. T. Holland. \n\nfor \n\nConson \n\nWith reference to your letter \n\n19/07 of the 17th of January last \n\nAnd 2021/ \n\ninforming this text. of \n\nthe rate adopted by the \n\nthe Treasury for \n\nL. C \n\nthe Hillar and \n\nRupee for \n\nthe financial year 1887-8 \n\nI am directed by Such Sir \n\nHenry Holland to acquaint \n\nSon for the information \n\nof the L. C. \n\nthat for \n\nPurposes of the accounts \n\nThe Colony of \n\nB. Honduras \n\n& \n\nduring the front",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 335549,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "page_number": 165,
        "title": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "content_text": "Under Article 615 of the Pay Warrant, the Pay of all Gun Lascars is laid down in Rupees.\n\nThis works without a hitch as the body of Gun Lascars at Ceylon is concerned.\n\nFor that body, which passed some years ago from the payment of the Local Government into the payment of the Imperial Government, is raised in Ceylon, where a Rupee coinage is current, and is paid in such currency.\n\nThe men therefore receive the number of Rupees laid down in the Regulations, and no question of exchange arises.\n\nBut the Warrant does not work satisfactorily in its application to the body of Gun Lascars at Hong Kong, who have always been in Imperial payment, and are raised in various parts of the East.\n\nFor though the regulations lay down the pay of the men in Rupees, not Dollars; the latter being the coinage current at the station, it is not practicable to effect a settlement by simply paying to the men the number of Rupees to which they are entitled. Some means have to be adopted for exchanging the Rupees of the Regulations into the Dollars of the local currency.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 335550,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "page_number": 166,
        "title": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "content_text": "of Achial payment.\n\nPractically, by an arrangement which dates from April 1862, as far as the rate is concerned, but in principle from a much older date, the Rupees of the Regulation are converted into Sterling at an arbitrary fixed rate of 2/- 1⁄2 and then the amount arrived at is exchanged into dollars, for purposes of payment, at the rate fixed annually by the Treasury for the payment of British Troops.\n\nThus, as will readily be seen, the Rupee rates of the Warrant are practically nullified. They might just as well be sterling rates.\n\n(i.e., Rupee rates converted into Sterling rates at 2 1⁄2 per Rupee; and the Hong Kong Sun Lascars have, from time to time, received the advantage accorded to British troops by the Treasury.)\n\nAs a consequence of the fall in the price of silver, it happens that at present they are drawing from 6/3 to 15% per month more, according to rank, than the Sun Lascars at Ceylon. Essentially, if the point were being considered de novo, there seems little room for question that the Hong Kong Lascars are not entitled to any relative advantage.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 335552,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "page_number": 168,
        "title": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "content_text": "had to be abandoned.\n\nAny change made could therefore only apply to Recruits regards such Recruits, enlisted hereafter as who would of course represent future Corps at Hong Kong, it is for consideration in what manner provision for securing that they shall be paid according to a fixed scale of dollars, instead of according to rates varying from year to year as the price of silver fluctuates in the London Market when compared with the price of gold.\n\nOne way out of the difficulty would be to insert a new scale in the Pay Warrant such scale to be in Dollars and to be based on the number of Dollars which the men now serving receive according to the regulated rate of exchange for the present year, which may probably be taken as fair for the purpose.\n\nOr the difficulty might be met by retaining the present Rupee scale, but fixing a rate at which that scale shall be converted into Dollars for the purpose of payment; and thus avoiding the exchange from Rupees into Sterling which is at the root of the present trouble.\n\nTo these changes, as indeed to any change there are obvious objections",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 335555,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "page_number": 171,
        "title": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "content_text": "the Rupee raks given in the \n\nArticle into Sterling at 2/0 for the \n\nRupee, and then into $$ at the \n\nrate annually fixed by the Treasury. If the annual Treasury rate be employed at all, it should apply to the conversion \n\nof Rupees into sterling as well as the Sterling into Dollars. \n\nIf, however, the Dollar equivalent of the Rupee rates be required, the right way of arriving at them is by comparison of the respective contents of fine silver in the two coins. \n\nThe rates so arrived at would be materially less than those now being paid at Hong Kong and could be applied to future recruits only, if even to them.\n\nAccording to the calculation at present in force, a Lascar at Hong Kong must be paid in 1888 about 57 cents for every Rupee payable under Article 615. \n\nBut metallically a Rupee is worth rather less than 44 cents. \n\nMy Lords think the first step should be to ascertain what are the Dollar rates for which Sun Lascars can be obtained at Hong Kong. There cannot be much difficulty in ascertaining the rates which different kinds of labour companies pay.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 335557,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "page_number": 173,
        "title": "CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887",
        "content_text": "in dollars assessed on the Rupee rates laid down in the article quoted (on the basis of 2/02 the sterling value of the Rupee assumed, as hitherto, for the present purpose), and recommended for adoption by the General Officer Commanding in China.\n\nI am to acquaint you, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, that the General Officer Commanding has reported that he has now received the amount of pay sufficient to attract a good class of Recruits, and I am to request that the consent of their Lordships may be given for the insertion in the Royal Warrant of the daily Dollar scale shown in the enclosed statement (omitting fraction in each cent) in substitution for the Monthly Rupee Scale at present provided in the Pay Warrant of 1884.\n\nI am to add that special enquiries have been made with a view to ascertaining whether the rates proposed are not in excess of the requirements of the case. The General Officer Commanding at Hong Kong is, however, very distinctly of opinion that no reduction...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-235 - Public Offices - 1887.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 336389,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-237 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1888 [1-6]",
        "page_number": 104,
        "title": "CO129-237 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1888 [1-6]",
        "content_text": "## \nFor the purposes of the payment of Sikh Police Pensioners in Rupees the Rupee is calculated at the rate of 227 Rupees to 100 dollars. It is better when dealing with Sinks that no question of British currency should enter into accounts.\n\nThe following table shows the comparative annual pay of the Gun Lascars with relative ranks in the Police Force.\n\n| Rank | Gun Lascars Pay | Rations | Total | Police Pay |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Havildar Major | $244.38 | $27 | $2911.09 | $276.00 (Pay $240.00, Rations $36.00) |\n| Havildar | $152.20 |  |  | $202.47 (Pay $172.20, Rations $30.27) |\n| Sergeant |  |  |  | $270.00 (Pay $240.00, Rations $30.00) |\n| Naigue | $111.81 | $27 | $138.81 | $186.00 (Pay $156.00, Rations $30.00) |\n| Constable | $101.59 | $30.2 | $131.79 | $162.00 (Pay $132.00, Rations $30.00) |\n| Lance Corporal | $120 | $30 | $150 | $156.00 (Pay $126.00, Rations $30.00) |\n| Constable |  |  | $102 | $132.00 (Pay $102.00, Rations $30.00) |\n\nIt will therefore be seen that the Police pay is the higher generally. But the Gun Lascars receive more rations. The amount allowed to the Gun Lascars for rations appears to be excessive.\n\nThe Police Service think that the Gun Lascars owing to their receiving pensions after a few less service and at a higher rate are not doing as much work as the Police. But the work of the Police is more heavier, and the night duty is continuous. I would therefore respectfully suggest that the following would be a fair scale of pay for the Gun Lascars.\n\n| Rank | Pay | Rations | Annual Salary |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Havildar Major | $240.00 | $36.00 | $276.00 |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-237 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1888 [1-6].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 339706,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-242 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1889 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 297,
        "title": "CO129-242 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1889 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "## Government House, HongKong, 14th October, 1889.\n\nMy Lord,\n\nWith reference to Your Lordship's Circular despatch of the 30th of April, I have the honour to transmit for Your Lordship's information...\n\npension the rupee will be Calculated only at the market rate of the day. Your salary will also be subject to a deduction of 4% on account of the Widows' and a contribution to the pension fund in the island.\n\nIf you accept the post, it is desirable that you should arrive by the steamer from Marseilles on or about the 1st of December, by which time Sir Charles Lees will have taken over the government.\n\n... \nBreach of Revenue Laws \nReplies to bercuber 30 aph \nN310. \nDuy Customs 16 Dec 89 \nW. Judres \n59524 \n\nThe Right Honourable \nThe Lord Knutsford, G.C.M.G., \n\nPage 295 \nC 0. \n21006 \n\n\"bercuber 295\" \nRm? \n\nN310. \nDuy Customs 16 Dec 89 \nshould be reordered to maintain logical flow and coherence. Here is the corrected version:\n\n## Government House, HongKong, 14th October, 1889.\n\nMy Lord,\n\nWith reference to Your Lordship's Circular despatch of the 30th of April, I have the honour to transmit for Your Lordship's information...\n\nThe Right Honourable \nThe Lord Knutsford, G.C.M.G.\n\npension the rupee will be Calculated only at the market rate of the day. Your salary will also be subject to a deduction of 4% on account of the Widows' and a contribution to the pension fund in the island.\n\nIf you accept the post, it is desirable that you should arrive by the steamer from Marseilles on or about the 1st of December, by which time Sir Charles Lees will have taken over the government.\n\n| Reference | Date | Details |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| bercuber 30 aph |  | N310 |\n| Duy Customs | 16 Dec 89 |  |\n| W. Judres |  | 59524 |\n| C 0. |  | 21006 |\n| bercuber | 295 | Rm? |\n\nPage 295 \nC 0. \n21006 \n\" Breach of Revenue Laws \nReplies to bercuber 30 aph \nN310. \nam \nDuy Customs 16 Dec 89 \nW. Judres \n59524 \n\nbecomes \n\n## Government House, HongKong, 14th October, 1889.\n\nMy Lord,\n\nWith reference to Your Lordship's Circular despatch of the 30th of April, I have the honour to transmit for Your Lordship's information...\n\nThe Right Honourable \nThe Lord Knutsford, G.C.M.G.\n\npension the rupee will be Calculated only at the market rate of the day. Your salary will also be subject to a deduction of 4% on account of the Widows' and a contribution to the pension fund in the island.\n\nIf you accept the post, it is desirable that you should arrive by the steamer from Marseilles on or about the 1st of December, by which time Sir Charles Lees will have taken over the government.\n\nPage 295\nC 0. \n21006 \nBreach of Revenue Laws \nReplies to bercuber 30 aph \nN310. \nDuy Customs 16 Dec 89 \nW. Judres \n59524 \n\nThe final output is \n\n## Government House, HongKong, 14th October, 1889.\n\nMy Lord,\n\nWith reference to Your Lordship's Circular despatch of the 30th of April, I have the honour to transmit for Your Lordship's information...\n\nThe Right Honourable \nThe Lord Knutsford, G.C.M.G.\n\npension the rupee will be Calculated only at the market rate of the day. Your salary will also be subject to a deduction of 4% on account of the Widows' and a contribution to the pension fund in the island.\n\nIf you accept the post, it is desirable that you should arrive by the steamer from Marseilles on or about the 1st of December, by which time Sir Charles Lees will have taken over the government.\n\nPage 295\nC 0. \n21006 \nBreach of Revenue Laws \nReplies to bercuber 30 aph \nN310. \nDuy Customs 16 Dec 89 \nW. Judres \n59524",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-242 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1889 [8-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 340069,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-242 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1889 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 660,
        "title": "CO129-242 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1889 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "1 had time to think of an expression 658 the English officials thought about it be paid at sterling I have discount, yet. I have known that it is very expensive & that besides $67000 per year J rate that first he has awarded such recommendation home. I hope the Secretary of State will approve of it, otherwise (as well I shall let ...)\n\nConsiderable $31500 much less than it was in transitions. The Governor thinks one that the Council have used that the salaries of frequent a loser. What is a rupee in Maurities is a dollar here. The smallest house one can get to live in it costs $607880 a month & during the hot \n\nPage 660\nPage 661",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-242 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1889 [8-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 340160,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-242 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1889 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 751,
        "title": "CO129-242 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1889 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "749 already marked their due weight in the two other Eastern Colonies of Ceylon and the Straits Settlements, and it is obviously equitable that the principles applied in these Colonies should also be applied to Hong Kong.\n\nWhen twenty per cent was added in Ceylon to the salaries of certain offices, the rupee, instead of 27-, was in future to be received for their leave salaries and pensions. Similarly in the Straits Settlements, the rate of the dollar has been reduced from 4/3 to 4/4 in the case of all officers newly appointed or receiving substantial promotion subsequent to 1876; and this benefit was accompanied by the condition that the recipients should ... \n\nWithin the last few months, on the occasion of the salaries of certain classes of officers being ...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-242 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1889 [8-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 340791,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-243 - Public Offices & Others - 1889",
        "page_number": 520,
        "title": "CO129-243 - Public Offices & Others - 1889",
        "content_text": "3\n\n515\n\nare to be dealt with\n\nFor the sake of comparison & would mention that the Chartered Bank and the Chartered Mercantile Bank have the privileges of issuing notes, yet they can, and do, open Branches and Agencies wheresoever they please, without let or hindrance). \n\nHolders of their notes rank only as ordinary creditors, as there is not any special legislation in either of their Charters regarding their note issues. Our Capital & Reserve Fund comes to $11,800,000.\n\nCF = £1,770,000.\n\nThe Chartered Bank's Capital & Reserve = £1,050,000.\n\nThe Chartered Mercantile Bank's Capital & Reserve = £750,000.\n\nThe Chartered Mercantile Bank has nominally got a Reserve Fund; but in reality, there is not any.\n\nTheir Reports state that their Capital is fixed abroad at par, i.e. 1s. 4d for the Rupee, and 4/6 for the Dollar. If those figures were adjusted to current rates, say 1/4 and 3/1, their Reserve...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-243 - Public Offices & Others - 1889.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 341125,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-244 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 151,
        "title": "CO129-244 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "2.1. permy\n\ntr. 1.2.2.4.6 per\n\n- LA\n\nTurks. Islands\n\n£2, 1. 2½. 4. 6. pence. I shilling\n\nPost Card / 1½ pence\n\nW. Australia\n\nPost Card £2.1. 2. 3. 4. E. prince. I shilling. Postal\n\nnoters,\n\n2.3. 6 pence\n\n1. 2.4.6. 3. 5. 7/6. 10. 15. shillings Internal. Rev! ½ (2 issues) 1. 2. 3./2 issues), pence\n\n150\n\n\"Post Card 1½ pence\n\nVirgin Islands\n\nDominica £.1.4 pence\n\nGambia 2.1.2.3. 6. pence I shilling\n\nPost Card 1. 1½ pence.\n\nGibraltar 4.1.2.2.4.6.pence I shilling. Post Card £2.1 penny\n\nEnvelope 2 pence. (all overprinted).\n\n1.1.10.1.5 hour Gold Coast £. 1. 2 pence Telegraph 1. 6. pence fahille\n\nBritish North Borneo\n\n4.1.2.3: 4 $. 4. 10. 25. 50 cents.\n\n1.2. 5. 10. dollars,\n\nGrenada &. 1. (3 issues). 2.2. 4. pence. 1. 2. 5. 10 slugs.\n\n\"Post Card 1. 1½ (2 issues). pence.\n\n1 hour\n\nObsolete\n\nPost Cards\n\n1.10. dollars.\n\n2. 10. 10. 24.30. 40. 96. anti. Revenue 2. 3. 25. 30. 50 cents.\n\n3 cento\n\nAntiqua. 2.2. 4 fence.\n\nPost Card I ta pence\n\nJamaica. ½.1.3.\n\nLabuan.\n\n2. pence\n\nPost Card ½ penny\n\n2. 6. 8. 10.\n\n12. 16 cento.\n\nBahamas\n\nBahamas Thienny (2 issues) 4 pence\n\nBarbados. 2. 1. 3. 4 (two issues) o pence. shilling. Post Card Pape\n\nBermuda.\n\n1. 12. peradi\n\nLagos 1. 2. (2 issues) 4.(2 issues) 6.(2 issues) pence. 1. 2/6.5.10 shillings\n\nMalta ½ penny.\n\nMauritius\n\nI dollar (overprintik). 3 pence\n\nB. Columbia + Vancouver Fold.\n\n2½ pence\n\nB. Columbia. 2.5.10. 25. Vancouver Island\n\n50 cents.\n\n5. 10. cents\n\nB. Guiana 2.6.8.12.24 cents.\n\nRevenue. 1.2.4.0.\n\n1.2. 12. 24 cents (official).\n\n10. 16. 20 dollars.\n\nB. Honduras. 1.(two issues) 3. 4. 6 [two issues) pence. I shy (2 issues) Post Card\n\nCape. 1.3.4. 6 pence. 10kg.\n\n6 pence. 1kg. Revenue. 5.1.2. 4. 5. 6 pence 1.2.4.6.5.7\n\nto pounds.\n\n8. 10. 12/6. shys. 1. 1:10 2.5′′.\n\nCeylon. 2. ½ (2 issues). 2 (2 issues). 3. 4. 5. (2 issues). 6. (2 issues); 9. (2 in.), pence\n\n/0\n\nTRA\n\n14 cents\n\n1.2.5. 10. 20. 50, 100, 500, 1000\n\n6.\n\nc (2 issues) Shance Hang\n\n57. 15 centi\n\n2/2 issues) 4.12 is). D. 13. 16. 17.25. 39. 50. [B issues) cents 2.R.500, 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6.9.10 pence. 1./2(2 issues) 5. shilling. Envelope 50 cents. Reverse 1. 2. 3. 4 · 6. I pence. 1. 2. 3. 4.4. 57. 10 shgs. / pound. IR. Soc. 2R. 2.R.50 c. 5 Rupee Bill Stamp 1.2.4. b. pence 1/3.1/0. 5. 6/8. 1/4 shillings.\n\nMontserrat.\n\n2.2. 4. pence\n\nNatal. 2. 1. (2 issues) 2. 3. (2 issues). 6. (3 issues) pence Shilling (2 issues).\n\nSt. Kitts-Nevis. St. Kitts\n\nNevis. 1. 25. 4. pence\n\nSt. Helena. 3. 6. pence.\n\n1. 25. 4 pence\n\nPost Card 1 penny Post Card 1 ½ pence. Revenue 1.4. 6. pence 1. shilling\n\n4.1.2.3.4.\n\n6 pence 1. slug.\n\nRevenue 1. (3 issues) 2. 4.4.\n\nв. Замогся\n\nI shilling\n\n1. (2). 2. (2 issues), shillings 2. 4+ 12 issue). 15. 16. 24. 12. (2 issues) 28.32, 36.4 St. Lucia Post Card 2.4.6.8. cents. Envelope 1 6710\n\nEnvelope 14 1710 para 1/9. 2.shys.. Revenue. 1. 2. 10.15(2 issues) 20. 25.50.cents Receipt Stamp 1 pessay\n\nSanta Warehouse Warrant I shilling Telegraph 25 cent 1. 10. Rupees.\n\nCippres\n\n& piastro.\n\nSt. Vincent. 4. 1. 4.(2 issues) pence. Post Card 1 ½ pence\n\nRevenue 1. penny.\n\nSierra Leone.\n\n1.1.2.4 pence",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-244 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [1-4].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    {
        "id": 344312,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "page_number": 310,
        "title": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "content_text": "Swinton proposed to deport 4 percent Rupee notes here. Equivalent to the amount withdrawn, the total amount of Indian notes in circulation is about $279,452, leaving $275,000, making the total amount of Indian notes in face value amount to an amount equivalent to $1,500,000 or $23,375,000.\n\n[al R= 2,25 to P1]\n\n4. This amount with the amount of (Linear Bonds now left with the Hongkong Bank (viz. 701, 130, 356) will leave a margin over the stipulated $2,500,000 of about $130,000 against possible depreciation of the securities deposited.\n\nMr. Wingfield will deposit Indian securities.\n\nDRAFT.\n\nMINUTE.\n\nMr. Wingfield.\n\nMr. Bramston.\n\nMr. Meade.\n\nSir R. Herbert.\n\nBaron de Worms.\n\nLord Knutsford.\n\namended by 30 percent noth- (se. 16819)/Gu/28/0 question with the Crown Agents for the Colonies (viz. Montagut Frederick Ommanney, K.C.M.G. and Mr. Ernest Edward Blake who with Sir Robert Gutherbert K.C.M.G. and Mr. Edward Wingfield are Permanent Under Sec. and Trustees for Hongkong go?\n\n6. It is understood that in future securities...\n\n \n\nHere is the revised response in HTML format as requested:\n\nSwinton proposed to deport 4 percent Rupee notes here. Equivalent to the amount withdrawn, the total amount of Indian notes in circulation is about $279,452, leaving $275,000, making the total amount of Indian notes in face value amount to an amount equivalent to $1,500,000 or $23,375,000.\n\n[al R= 2,25 to P1]\n\n4. This amount with the amount of Linear Bonds now left with the Hongkong Bank (viz. 701, 130, 356) will leave a margin over the stipulated $2,500,000 of about $130,000 against possible depreciation of the securities deposited.\n\nMr. Wingfield will deposit Indian securities.\n\nDRAFT.\n\nMINUTE.\n\nMr. Wingfield.\n\nMr. Bramston.\n\nMr. Meade.\n\nSir R. Herbert.\n\nBaron de Worms.\n\nLord Knutsford.\n\namended by 30 percent noth- (se. 16819)/Gu/28/0 question with the Crown Agents for the Colonies (viz. Montagut Frederick Ommanney, K.C.M.G. and Mr. Ernest Edward Blake who with Sir Robert Gutherbert K.C.M.G. and Mr. Edward Wingfield are Permanent Under Sec. and Trustees for Hongkong.\n\n6. It is understood that in future securities...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 344686,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "page_number": 684,
        "title": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "content_text": "D)\n\n& L (121L)-6677--6000-8-90\n\nBank of Hongkong & Shanghai\n\nDate: 25 Jun 1890\n\nPrevious Paper: 144/338\n\nThree\n\nHongkong Bank\n\nNo. 14460\n\n(Subject)\n\nSecurity against Note Issue\n\nC. O. DOMESTIC\n\nREG: (25 JUN 90)\n\nOffers to substitute Indian Govt. Securities for 4% Rupee Notes for the Securities objected to\n\n(Minutes)\n\nMr. Meade\n\nDraft submitted to Treasury\n\nEu 926 July\n\nTreas. com\n\nQuery C\n\nSubsequent Paper: T4779",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 344688,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "page_number": 686,
        "title": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "content_text": "we should send them we will at large the Arrangement Hitherto in question\n\nIn making this deposit we should like it to be understood that we shall be at liberty to exchange these Rupee Notes for other approved Government securities, in the event of our requiring to make such an exchange.\n\nWe add that we may at any time be desirous to comply with the requirements of the Treasury, and to obtain the official sanction to our extended operations with as little delay as possible.\n\nI have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant,\n\nManager.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 344690,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "page_number": 688,
        "title": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "content_text": "against their note issu to deposit, Indian \n\nGovernment 47 Rupee \n\nNotes in place of the \n\nSecurities to which their Lordships object. \n\nLord Knutsford proposes \n\nwith their Lordships' concurrence to accept this offer and to \n\nask the Bank to place proper Securities \n\nthe Government notes \n\nin question to the amount equivalent to \n\n$1,225,000 \n\nin their \n\n$1,225,000 \n\nthe agents' \n\nhands \n\nin \n\nthe hands of \n\nMessrs. \n\nMatheson & Co. \n\nwith the terms under which Trustees for the fulfilment \n\nof State \n\n4 Hongkong \n\nLadies' Benevolent Fund \n\npurposes. They \n\nthe Bank that there will be no objection to \n\nThis proposal appears \n\nin their letter. \n\non the event \n\nof \n\nany such change \n\nbeing pursued, \n\nTheir Lordships will \n\nbe committed \n\nto \n\n...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 345407,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-249 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 516,
        "title": "CO129-249 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "houses pulled down, \n\nthe Commission thinks that Leases should also be issued to them.\n\n6.\n\nThe Commission has not touched the question of Gardens in Honguaichung Village for the following reasons:\n\n(i) No claims for Leases in respect of them were put in by the Villagers.\n\n(ii) The land upon which they exist is for the most part either included in Farm Lots 49 and 51 or in a piece of land claimed by Mr G. Sharp as part of Farm Lot 52. The Villagers will, in case of dispute, have to settle matters with the respective Lessees, but the Commission does not apprehend, from the disposition of the villagers, that there is any likelihood of dispute, believing that the issue of Leases for the houses only, will give the Villagers entire satisfaction.\n\n7.\n\nThe rent in the village rent roll has been 44 cents (the equivalent of a rupee), per annum for every house. This the Commission thinks might for convenience be changed to 50 cents to be charged in respect of every original site. As some of the larger houses in the Village have been built on the sites of 2 and some on the sites of 3 of the old houses, the rent to be charged will thus in some cases be $1, and in some $1.50 as mentioned in the Schedule.\n\n8.\n\nThe houses that have hitherto been held under Squatters' Licence should, the Commission thinks, be held at the same rent as the other houses and the collection of the Licence fee be discontinued.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-249 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [1-5].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 347584,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "page_number": 26,
        "title": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "content_text": "## TREASURY CHAMBERS, 24 February 1891\n\n**C. O.**\n\nSir,\n\nAdverting to the letter from this Department of the 2nd April 1890 (`5172/90`), I am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to request you to move the Secretary of State for the Colonies to cause Them to be favoured with an early reply as to whether his Lordship approves of the proposed quarterly consignments of subsidiary coins for Hong Kong.\n\nMy Lords would also be glad to learn that the Secretary of State approves of the proposed Tariff for executing Colonial Coinages subsidiary to the Dollar and Rupee.\n\nI am,\nSir,\nYour obedient servant,\nJ. Nowottny \n\n3096  \n91  \n4073  \nResp  \nREG 26 FEB 91  \nDrea 6239 50  \n23",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 347976,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "page_number": 418,
        "title": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "content_text": "## DOMESTIC\n415\n\n| B & L (1216) | 15264-8000-5-91 |\n| --- | --- |\n\nfice or Individual.\n\ntong & Shanghai Bank\n\n| Date | 1891 | 19 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| previous Paper | 0.20 | Jan. 921 |\n| festsubsequent Paper | 1.0 | 217/92 |\n\nHong Kong No. 2440 o (Subject.)\n\n**G.O.** 2440 1Rece\n\nSecurity against Note Issue\n\nREG 2 DEC SI,\n\nRequests permission to Exchange the Rupee paper for Col fout Stocks or Cal Treasury Bills\n\nM. Macada them with\n\n**(Minutes.)**\n\nIngout that I have coded\n\nI think was many comply withwat Joning to the many.\n\nI submitt drafte `4/4-13` Jan Whi3jay Tit",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 347978,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "page_number": 420,
        "title": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "content_text": "# COMMUNICATIONS TO BE ADDRESSED AND REMITTANCES MAY BE MADE TO THE MANAGER\n\nHongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation. 31, Lombard Street. London: E.C.  \n19th December 1898\n\nThe Hon. R. H. Mead. C.B.  \nAssistant Under Secretary of State  \nfor the Colonies.  \nColonial Office.  \nDowning Street. S. W.\n\nReferring to the deposit made with the Crown Agents by this Bank against its note issue as stipulated for by H.M's Treasury, I have the honor to request that you will be good enough to sanction the Crown Agents allowing us to exchange the Rupee Paper now held, or such portion of it as may be required, for Colonial Government Stocks or Colonial Treasury bills.\n\nH.M's Treasury have already given permission for such an exchange in their letter to the Colonial Office - No. `115ue` dated the 4 August 1890, copy of which you sent us at the time, paragraph 5 of this letter states:  \n\"It is understood that the Bank will...\n\nPage 420  \nPage 421",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 349343,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-255 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 295,
        "title": "CO129-255 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "## DESPATCH\nNo. 14216\n\n**Confidential Paper.**\n\nDate: 15 Jan 92  \nNo.: 294  \nSubject: Civil Establishment\n\n| Reference | Subsequent Paper |\n|-----------|------------------|\n| 89-90     | 1623             |\n\nSubmits observations. Enclosed is a scheme for reduction.\n\n**(Minutes.)**\n\nW. Fanfrld.  \nWe granted a 20 per cent increase to these officers only a short time back because we had such representations of the increased cost of living in the Colony.\n\nW O'Brien has in a private letter said that Haiphong is the dearest place he was ever in, & that a dollar is worth less than a Rupee even in Ceylon, but if that is not an exaggeration it appears that under the proposals...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-255 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [5-7].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 351566,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 481,
        "title": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "R. S. GUNDRY, Esquire,\n\nHonorary Secretary,\n\nS/E,\n\nCHINA ASSOCIATION,\n\n[ENCLOSURE.]\n\nTHE CHINA ASSOCIATION IN SHANGHAI,\n\nLONDON.\n\nFebruary 10th, 1893,\n\nA general meeting of the members of the China Association in Shanghai was held on the 23rd of January; and among other subjects for consideration was the probable effect upon foreign trade in the Far East of the adoption by India of a gold standard, and the close of the Indian Mints to further rupee coinage. In the result, the newly-elected Committee was deputed to frame a resolution to be forwarded to you, with a short statement of the principal grounds upon which the resolution is based. The Committee, realising the urgency of the matter, have given to it the consideration the limited time at their disposal permitted; and have agreed upon the following resolution :-\n\n\"That the Local Committee of the China Association in Shanghai request the China Association in London to watch all proposed legislation in connection with gold and silver, especially measures exclusively relating to India for the establishment of a gold standard there, and the close of the Mints: action which, in the opinion of the Local Committee, must be highly prejudicial to commerce in the Far East.\"\n\nIn support of this resolution the Local Committee beg to lay before the Association the reasons on which they rely.\n\nI.--China, Japan, and generally all countries east of British India, are silver monometallic; silver retaining its value as a standard for all commodities except those imported from gold monometallic nations.\n\nII.--With the opening of China to foreign commerce British subjects acquired interests which appeal for protection to the Imperial Government equally with the interests of their fellow subjects resident in the Indian Empire. The settlement of British subjects in Treaty Ports and Crown Colonies has necessitated large expenditure in land and buildings, and the establishment of indispensable adjuncts of trade in the form of Banks, Insurance, Shipping, Dock, Wharf, Warehouse, Land, Building and Industrial Companies of various kinds, employing a vast amount of capital; all of which is imperilled by the threatened demonetization of silver in India, which will virtually be the outcome of exclusive currency legislation for that Empire; legislation which must inevitably injure that portion of British enterprise and commerce founded and fostered under the treaties of trade and commerce made by Her Britannic Majesty's Government with the nations of the Far East, which is dependent upon silver as currency.\n\nIII.--Whatever may be the eventual results, it is certain that trade, which has taken years to build up, must be seriously disturbed without compensating advantages: whereas if the ratio of the currencies in use in India be established by general international consent, instead of being confined to India, trade between China and India will not be disturbed; the quantity of silver will be always the same, while exchange will be governed by the usual conditions.\n\nIV.--The appreciation of gold in Great Britain has tended surely and steadily to divert the supply of certain cotton manufactures for Chinese consumption from Great Britain to British India; the variations in exchange between the latter country and China, both silver-using countries, being confined within a known range.\n\nV.--The preceding paragraphs point more especially to the injury which the isolated action referred to will entail upon British interests in China. Other results, affecting identical interests in India and China, must follow.\n\nPage 480\n\n1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4].txt",
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    {
        "id": 351567,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 482,
        "title": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "VI. An illustration of the growth of Chinese consumption of an article which now forms an important and valuable export from British India, the manufacture of which has stimulated the production of cotton, and led to the establishment of industries there in which considerable capital has been invested, is cotton yarn. This trade has developed within the last ten years on a silver basis, the currency common to producer and consumer alike; and if that common currency be disturbed this important trade will, for reasons shown in paragraph X, be lost to India, probably without benefit to Great Britain.\n\nVII. The statistics following are taken from the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs Returns, the separation of Indian and English imported yarn not being shown prior to 1889.\n\n  \n    Total Imports, 1882 to 1888\n    Piculs\n    Value\n  \n  \n    1882\n    184,939\n    Taels 4,505,000\n  \n  \n    1884\n    261,457\n    5,584,000\n  \n  \n    1885\n    387,820\n    7,971,000\n  \n  \n    1886\n    384,582\n    7,868,000\n  \n  \n    1887\n    592,687\n    12,547,000\n  \n  \n    1888\n    688,468\n    18,427,000\n  \n  \n    From Great Britain\n  \n  \n    1889\n    50,144\n    1,077,000\n  \n  \n    1890\n    88,849\n    1,797,000\n  \n  \n    1891\n    78,058\n    1,507,000\n  \n  \n    From India\n  \n  \n    1889\n    628,413\n    11,884,000\n  \n  \n    1890\n    998,145\n    17,507,000\n  \n  \n    1891\n    1,138,088\n    19,397,000\n  \n\nThose statistics show that the import of Indian yarn alone in 1891 exceeded the total import of all cotton yarn in 1882 by 515 per cent. in quantity and 331 per cent. in value.\n\nThe value of the 67,000 tons weight of yarn imported from India into China in 1891, at the low rate of exchange of 220 rupees per 100 dollars, is 653 lakhs of rupees; and there are indications of further increase year by year.\n\nJapan is also a large consumer of Indian-made yarn.\n\nVIII. Although the consequence of closing the Indian Mints and establishment of a gold standard may be to raise in India the sterling equivalent of a rupee to 1s. 6d., the purchasing power of the rupee within the Indian territory will not be increased; as a symbol of native value its quality will be unchanged.\n\nIX. While the rupee will remain as a coin in India with the same purchasing power as before, beyond India it will have an artificial value ranging from 20 to 50 per cent. to be made good in exchange. The effect will be the same as if an export duty of 20 to 50 per cent. were levied on yarn, to be borne by the producer.\n\nExample. The Indian spinner can now sell 10,000 dollars worth of yarn for 22,000 rupees; and the Chinese consumer is prepared to pay 10,000 dollars, plus charges, because he cannot manufacture for himself on equal terms. If the exchange value of the rupee be artificially raised to 1s. 6d. and the spinner still receives 22,000 rupees as before, the Chinese consumer must provide 12,000 dollars, plus charges, to meet the fall in exchange between China and India. This difference of 20 per cent. enables him to supply his own wants by home manufacture; and if the Indian producer cannot compensate for the difference in exchange in the price of his yarn, he must forego the sale to China.\n\nX. China is already a large producer of cotton, the cultivation of which can be considerably extended should the demand increase. A gold standard in India will most probably operate to close the China market to Indian-made yarn, by stimulating production of the raw material and the establishment of manufactories in China for the supply of domestic requirements.\n\nXI. The creation of a gold standard for the silver rupee currency is equivalent to the establishment by the Imperial Government of a bimetallic ratio within the boundaries of the Indian Empire; while beyond, consequent upon the unwillingness of the Imperial Government to accept international bimetallism, the rupee is merely silver bullion. This seems to be an admission by the Imperial Government, but confined to India only, of the bimetallic principle.\n\nXII. It is to be noted that the Indian producer asks and receives no more for his yarn than 22,000 silver rupees; that is 7,562 ounces of silver; and that can be made the cost to consumer, equally, by international extension of the bimetallic principle involved in creating a gold standard for a nation having its currency in silver.\n\nXIII. From the foregoing paragraphs it has, the Local Committee believe, been made abundantly clear that the trade between India and China will be greatly disturbed in the event of a gold standard being adopted in India, solely on account of the relative effect such a radical change on the currency would have on exchange between the two places. It is equally certain that all other places further east than India would suffer in like manner in any exchange transactions between such places and India: while the effect generally on the value of silver and on the exchange between China and countries with a gold standard, in event of silver being practically demonetized in India, is too apparent to require any further remark in this letter; whilst under existing circumstances the advantages, if any, would probably be entirely to the Chinese as against Europeans or European capital invested in China.\n\nXIV. Generally, the Local Committee believe that any exclusive action in relation to Indian finance, such as that supposed to be in contemplation, must affect most injuriously the trade which has been built up in China, more especially in connection with Great Britain. Already the disturbance which has resulted from want of combined action, and as a consequence of spasmodic speculation, in connection with the precious metals, has seriously discredited China trade. The tendency of late has been to withdraw funds from the Far East, on account of the depreciation in the relative value of the local currency. Business is consequently hampered; and the ever-widening difference between the cost of production of fabrics such as, for instance, those manufactured in Lancashire and Yorkshire, and the price required in silver to meet that cost, threatens to make such trade impossible.\n\nXV. The effect of a marked further depreciation in the value of silver, such as must inevitably follow upon Imperial legislation favourable to India alone, will be seriously detrimental to the export trade to the Far East in cotton and woollen fabrics, among other merchandise; and it deserves earnest consideration. For the reasons here given, therefore, the Local Committee request the China Association to take such action as may seem to them expedient and prudent for the protection of British mercantile interests in the Far East which at present are greatly imperilled.\n\nWe are,\n\nSir,\n\nYour obedient servants,\n\nJOHN MACGREGOR, Chairman.\n\nR. M. CAMPBELL,\n\nCHARLES DOWDALL,\n\nG. J. DUDGEON,\n\nJ. W. HARDING,\n\nE. B. SKOTTOWE,\n\nW. H. TALBOT, Hon. Secretary,\n\nForming the Committee of the CHINA ASSOCIATION IN SHANGHAI\n\nPage 481",
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    {
        "id": 352198,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-259 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [5-8]",
        "page_number": 363,
        "title": "CO129-259 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [5-8]",
        "content_text": "Page 353\n\nHONGKONG, JULY 18TH, 1893.\n\nHONGKONG GENERAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.\n\nTHE CURRENCY OF THE COLONY. RECOMMENDATION TO LEGALISE THE JAPANESE YEN.\n\nA special meeting of the members of the Chamber of Commerce was held yesterday at the City Hall for the purpose of discussing the desirability of recommending the Government to make the Japanese yen a legal tender in Hongkong, and further to urge the adoption of the necessary measures for the coinage of a British dollar. There were present Messrs. J. J. Keswick (Chairman), A. G. Wood, N. J. Ede, R. M. Gray, C. Jantzen, H. H. Joseph, J. H. Scott, T. H. Whitehead (Committee), T. Jackson, J. J. Francis, L. Mendel, J. H. Garrels, Q. Sharp, B. Byramjee, Gustav von Wille, J. S. Lapraik, E. R. Belilios, J. S. Moses, D. R. Sussoon, W. H. Gaskell, E. F. Alford, A. McConuchie, C. J. Halliday, W. R. Loxley, V. A. C. Hawkins, F. Seip, F. Henderson (Secretary), and others.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN said—Gentlemen, the disturbance to all financial affairs throughout the world consequent upon the action of the Indian Government in declaring a gold standard of value in that Empire, and the influence upon exchanges generally which has ensued, has been felt as much in Hongkong and in the trading ports of China as in any other places. When it became known here that the Viceroy's Council was sitting in Simla last month to decide upon the recommendations of Lord Herschell's Committee, this Chamber forwarded to His Excellency the Viceroy a telegram deprecating any action tending to injure the trade between India and China, and mentioning that anticipations were already paralyzing business. Similar messages were sent by bankers and merchants, and I believe by the Hongkong Government, but the replies, as you are aware, were practically that \"the matter was settled.\" For the present we are in the dark as to the precise recommendations of the Herschell Committee, but their result has been such as to cause the enactment of a policy in India which, with the information before us, seems unlikely to be to the benefit of the people of that country at large or of the British mercantile, manufacturing, and planting communities there who have done so much, especially within the last ten years, to promote the wealth and general prosperity of that dependency.\n\nThe adoption of a gold standard, in other words the protection of the rupee and the non-protection of the dollar, has had its natural effect, and we have seen silver for the first time in the world's history worth only 30 pence an ounce, and the value of the dollar in Hongkong at less than half-a-crown. Great silver-producing countries like America and Mexico have not yet declared the measures they will adopt in consequence of India's financial policy, but from Mexico we have at least a note of warning which requires that in this distant Colony we should take such action as we can for our own protection and for the safeguarding of banking and trading interests.\n\nFor well-nigh half a century the Mexican dollar has been the coin at the Treaty ports of China and Hongkong, and latterly of The Straits Settlements, and we are able to fully appreciate the inconvenience which may arise if there should be any curtailment of its supplies in the absence of another token to meet the want thus created. It is for the purpose of considering what should be done to meet such a contingency that we are here to-day, and it is satisfactory to see such a good and representative attendance.\n\nHis Excellency the Governor, too, takes the deepest interest in the question, and has expressed a wish for your views as to making the Japanese yen a legal tender in Hongkong, and His Excellency will, I am sure, give the fullest effect in his power to the recommendation of this Chamber. When your Committee had this question under consideration a few days ago, they were, I think I may say, unanimously in favour of the Japanese yen being made legal tender here as the only immediate relief we can look for in the event of the supply of the time-honoured Mexican being inadequate to the requirements of the great and growing China trade in connection with which the banking facilities find a focus in Hongkong.\n\nThe yen is of at least equal value with the Mexican dollar, is highly appreciated by the Chinese, is an unusually handsome and well-finished coin, and I may say that its history for nearly twenty years has been in every respect satisfactory as to uniformity of value. Such being the case, I think I may venture to say that your Committee would be glad if this meeting would favourably view a recommendation to the Government that it should be made a legal tender.\n\nThe popularity of the coin, and the not unnatural desire of the enterprising and progressive Japanese Government to furnish the trading medium of the East, seem to indicate it as the most valuable auxiliary we can obtain if there is to be, as we fear, an uncertainty in the supply of the Mexican coin.\n\nIt is not the first time that this proposal has been before this Chamber. Our predecessors in the seventies recommended the Government to legalize the yen, but for some reasons with which I am unacquainted, possibly that there was no necessity at the time, no effect was given to the suggestion. But, gentlemen, if you recommend that the yen be made a legal tender, as it is hoped you may, it should be borne in mind that by many it will be deemed but half a measure of safety, and that there are those who consider that in order to obviate a recurrence of our present danger of a dearth of currency, we should have a dollar of our own, a British dollar, or a Hongkong dollar; a dollar, by whatever name you call it, of which the supply shall be regulated by our requirements.\n\nNow, such a proposal is probably in every way commendable theoretically, but it opens up the great questions of cost of production and of ways and means, the chief desiderata in all undertakings! This is a point I hope this meeting will debate, and debate freely and fully, and if necessary appoint a special sub-committee to consider. The minting of a British dollar was, I believe, favourably considered by this Chamber in 1877, but I cannot trace that anything practical resulted.\n\nIn considering this suggestion, many will call to mind with regret that Hongkong once had a mint of its own and that they abandoned it hastily and sold their plant to our friends in Japan. It was a grievous error in the light of subsequent experience, as I doubt not that had the mint been continued a few years longer it would not only have been a satisfactory source of revenue to the Colony, but ere this would have supplied the China-Straits trade with its dollars and probably permeated the length and breadth of China, and we would not to-day be under the necessity of discussing how we are to avoid running dry in the event of Mexico stopping her silver coinage.\n\nIf there be those here, or in this Colony, who advocate re-establishing a mint in Hongkong, I say they must count the cost; the opportunities are not...\n\nPage 353 (end)\n\n...\n\nPage 354",
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    {
        "id": 352199,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-259 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [5-8]",
        "page_number": 364,
        "title": "CO129-259 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [5-8]",
        "content_text": "what they were and the finances of the Colony are not at present, I regret to say, in a condition to justify any outlay for experimental enterprises. In this connection I do not think it will be out of place to say a word about subsidiary coins. The Government of this Colony for a time issued these very profitably, to the great convenience of all classes of the community whether European or Chinese, but for some reason which may be capable of explanation, but which is not at once evident, this supply has not been kept up, or has not been sufficient, and the Colony is now flooded with coins from the Canton Mint of the value of which there is no guarantee whatever, and I hope the Government may see the advisability of taking steps to discourage their circulation in the colony. Matters would be entirely different if the Imperial Government of China issued dollars and subsidiary coins of guaranteed weights and fineness; were such the fact it would be of inestimable value to us and we would be indifferent in a great degree to the action of Mexico, as nothing could be more natural than that at the gates of this great Empire we should have its money for our trading purposes, instead of having to introduce the Japanese yen as an auxiliary to the Mexican dollar. I would express the hope that this meeting may pass a resolution recommending the adoption of the Japanese yen as a legal tender, at least as a tentative and precautionary measure, and I am sure such a step will be favourably viewed by all interested in this colony. As to urging on the Government the coining of British dollars, that is a matter requiring further consideration before I would venture to make a recommendation. It may be that a British dollar would furnish the best permanent protection against a scarcity of our old friend the Mexican, but so far as I can ascertain we do not know what profit can be made out of it for this colony, or its precise cost of production and transport, and all these points and many others must be removed from the region of doubt before we commit ourselves in regard to it. In resuming my seat, gentlemen, I must express my regret for detaining you so long, but the grave importance of the subject must be my apology, and I am sure this Chamber will, with me, realize the responsibility it assumes in this weighty matter.\n\nPage 359\n\nMr. T. JACKSON - Gentlemen, I was one of the members of the Committee of the Chamber of Commerce in the 70's which the Chairman has alluded to when the question of the introduction of the Japanese yen was advocated, and I do not know now any more than I know then why it was not legalised. We had abundant evidence then of the purity and honesty of the yen, of the very excellent administration of the Japanese mint, and we knew not only the quality and character of the mint but also the men who conducted it, because they were the men who had been employed by the Government in the Hongkong mint. Since that time our experience of the Japanese yen has been uniformly good, and I do not believe that there is any place in the world where there is a better and truer coin than the yen. It is almost universally used by the Japanese themselves although the legal tender in that country is the Mexican dollar according to treaty. It has been received with great favour in the Straits Settlements, and here, although not a legal tender, we would have no difficulty in paying it away to the only people we have to pay hard cash to—the Cantonese. Under these circumstances I think that it is highly desirable that the yen should be placed on a proper footing in this colony, legalised, and allowed to circulate concurrently with the Mexican dollar. Referring to the Mexican dollar I may say that I do not think that there is the slightest fear of the closing of the Mexican mint. I think that there is at present no evidence to justify anybody in coming to that conclusion, but what we might fear is that the Mexican Government, seeing their opportunity, might put an export duty of, say, 3 or 5 per cent. on the export of the Mexican dollar. That being the case it would handicap us to that extent in our dealings and commerce with other nations. That, I think, is all the more reason why we should have a second string to our bow by adopting the yen, and if the Japanese Government, as I hope they will, carry out their original intention of making the yen the universal coin for this part of the world, I think that there is a splendid opportunity of doing so. But, on the other hand, if they should seize the opportunity of making a profit and say that their mint is too small to undertake the work, it would be extremely unsatisfactory. Therefore I think that it would be still better if we had a British dollar to go concurrently with the other two. (Hear, hear) I would point out that the circumstances are not what they were when we previously discussed this question. When we discussed the question in the 70's I opposed the introduction of the British dollar because I could not see how it would pay. At that time for nine months out of the twelve we could always buy the Mexican dollars at their proper weight and fineness, and I therefore asked who was going to pay for the minting of the British dollar. You must deal with practical politics, and what I said then is equally true to-day. There is, however, another thing to be seriously borne in mind, and that is that the recent action of the Indian Government in protecting the rupee and leaving the dollar and all other silver unprotected will have a vast influence on the trade of the Far East. I believe that the trade of the Far East might increase at the expense of the Indian trade, and instead of being exporters of silver we might be importers in China. I am convinced that before long the trade of China will have increased in the same proportion as the trade of India has increased. The trade of India has increased between 1872 and 1892 from £54,000,000 to £108,000,000, and how people legislating for a country like England could in the face of figures of this kind adopt measures like this passes my comprehension. I very heartily propose that we recommend to the Government that the Japanese yen be made a legal tender in this colony.\n\nMr. GRANVILLE SHARP - I am sure that we are much indebted to Mr. Keswick for the very interesting account he has given us of the history of this movement and the present position of affairs. You will all of you know that this matter has not been new ground by any means. It has been before the Chamber for the last 20 years within a few months. It has been frequently proposed since 1873 that the Japanese yen should be made legal tender in Hongkong and on every occasion upon which it has been discussed in this room the discussion has resulted in a stronger emphasising and a more general expression of the desire for a British dollar, in which I am sure every Briton in this colony will sympathise and which will also be felt by other nationals who are here. The first discussion took place in December, 1873. There were two meetings held and the adjourned meeting which was held resulted in a resolution, proposed by Mr. Whittall, of Messrs. Jardine, Matheson and Co. and seconded by Mr. Kay, the Manager of the Chartered Bank, that every effort should be made to obtain by all practicable means a British dollar for Hongkong. On February 16th, 1877, the banks in the colony united in a memorial to the Government, which was supported by the Chamber of Commerce, that the home Government should be induced to take steps for the provision of a British dollar for Hongkong with a view to the ultimate re-establishment of the Hongkong Mint. On March 7th, 1878, at another meeting of the Chamber of Commerce the subject was again brought forward and Mr. Ryrie, who was then Chairman, proposed a resolution, which was supported by Mr. Jackson, that the Hongkong Mint be re-established and every step possible and practicable should be taken with that end in view. From 1878 to 1886 the matter remained very quiet, when we were awakened by an application from Singapore begging and praying the Chamber of Commerce to unite with them in obtaining a British dollar for Hongkong, Singapore, and the Straits Settlements. On May 31st, 1887, a new event happened in the offer which the Government received from the Japanese Government to coin a yen for Hongkong, Singapore, and the Straits at 1 per cent. This was declined by the Chamber for a variety of reasons—it was thought undesirable at that time to enter into the arrangement. I think that we shall all agree that our present currency is inadequate and unsuitable. We have the currency of 1843 in 1893. We are still burning the rushlight in the days of electric currents. (Laughter.) It may be deemed economical to use a dollar which is made and sent already for use to us here, but I think it is...",
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        "id": 353298,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-261 - Public Offices & Others - 1893",
        "page_number": 286,
        "title": "CO129-261 - Public Offices & Others - 1893",
        "content_text": "in a \n\nletters coky If which is explous \n\nand Innw enclose for your \n\nconsideration copy of \n\nthe \n\ntogether with the cones pondance which has \n\npassed on the subject. \n\n2 \n\nreply shoots, and ?. I shall be glad \n\nFroquest that \n\nthat ig \n\nLour reply you \n\nreceive in \n\nto \n\ndefinite from the final proposals which \n\nwill be good fraugs you wish to be made to to state definitely \n\nthe amfe \n\nLe \n\niments to \n\nproposed to the \n\nUnited States You? \n\nFin \n\norder to avoid \n\nthe recessity of \n\ncommunicating the \n\nthe United States governs \n\nintermediate correctorseuce \n\nbothat Env \n\nI havę \n\nOffice or Individual. \n\nCharliud Bank. \n\nHome Mong \n\nNo. 5181 \n\nIndra Aust thena \n\nDate. \n\n1893 \n\n28 Mar \n\nLast previous Paper. \n\nмо \n\n42121 \n\nTrevoury \n\ncons & April \n\nbopy corred for Straits Cafe & felp's. \n\nWD4(16)-5737--007-12-09 Next subsequent Paper. \n\nB174 \n\nStraits \n\nnote issue \n\n(Subject.) \n\nC.O. \n\n5131 \n\nREG 20 MAR 93 \n\n284 \n\nDOMESTIC. \n\nSends copy of letter addressed to the Treasury \n\n(Minutes.) \n\nThe Directors \n\nд \n\nM: Mcade \n\nthe Bank as \n\n\"you \n\nare \n\naware, want to increase the ampant of their note issue up to the amount of their raid lip capital\" at the current late If exchange. They thought their chuirn She precluded them from doing so \n\nbecause \n\nit fait the notes were to be issued \n\nfor 10/ or 5 rapace \n\nFalling \n\nдирек \n\n1-01.. \n\na mpee as = 2/; a $$ as=4/. This they imagined, their capital, in \n\nbound them to convert \n\nthe calculation for the uniosed \n\n+\n\nHere is the corrected version in HTML format as requested:\n\nin a\n\nletters copy of which is enclosed\n\nand I now enclose for your\n\nconsideration copy of\n\nthe\n\ntogether with the correspondence which has\n\npassed on the subject.\n\n2\n\nI shall be glad\n\nif you will state definitely\n\nin your reply\n\nthe final proposals which\n\nyou wish to be made to\n\nthe United States Government\n\nin order to avoid\n\nthe necessity of\n\ncommunicating\n\nintermediate corrections\n\nI have...\n\nOffice or Individual.\n\nChartered Bank\n\nHong Kong\n\nNo. 5181\n\nIndia, Australia\n\nDate\n\n1893\n\n28 Mar\n\nLast previous Paper\n\nNo.\n\n4212/1\n\nTreasury\n\ncons. 9 April\n\ncopy corrected for Straits Govt. & others.\n\nWD4(16)-5737--007-12-09 Next subsequent Paper.\n\nB174\n\nStraits\n\nnote issue\n\n(Subject.)\n\nC.O.\n\n5131\n\nREG 20 MAR 93\n\n284\n\nDOMESTIC.\n\nSends copy of letter addressed to the Treasury\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nThe Directors\n\nof\n\nthe Bank as\n\n\"you\n\nare\n\naware, want to increase the amount of their note issue up to the amount of their paid up capital\" at the current rate of exchange. They thought their charter precluded them from doing so\n\nbecause\n\nit said the notes were to be issued\n\nfor 10/ or 5 rupees\n\nFalling\n\ndue\n\n1-01...\n\na rupee as = 2/; a $$ as = 4/. This they imagined bound them to convert\n\nthe calculation for the unused\n\n+",
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    {
        "id": 353299,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-261 - Public Offices & Others - 1893",
        "page_number": 287,
        "title": "CO129-261 - Public Offices & Others - 1893",
        "content_text": "of note issue, at into silver at these rates instead of at current rates d instead of\n\nCould not issue as man many they are the fore they notes ai they really worth. to the\n\nIn the charter 101 5 rupees etc Now however, they have come to the Conclusion that there is nothing pracluding them from calculating their capital at market rates of exchange and that the mention 9.10% intended to 'fix Currency: чирее 07 5 rupee it was the denominations\n\nI think this contention is a fair one and it is Strengthened by the point, which they do not quoted that the wording or other synivaled amput\" indifate that the riches out lig, that the last bring out in week's synd aralin e tail Am not alwaysh their letter \"Provided alteros apa that the total amount of the Notes payable on demand in circulation Shall not at any go time exceed the amount of the Capital of the company actually paid lip unless with the sanction of the Comme Sioners of our Treasury\" do not follow forcendi preceding appear from this letter, but occan in a different part of the charter from that in which 101 is treated as = 5 lupees etc.\n\nit is a fair contention that, if the clause limiting the note issue does not mention a rate of exchange. the bank have a right to take the real du not the nominal value of their capital.\n\nThe start of increas wonder present concealed? the note issue beams circumstances to be reasonable Shall we recommend to the Directors construction If not desirable. Shall the Treasury to adopt the terms of 8 the Charter\n\n[The clienter. 18 in the Library ] 29 C.Pd March Im Branton If gun agree буди of meaning as im above in and day mili par marthed that as pipan in dispared to tathe this new To with if Mystand concer. at mm M 3013 Ru 29/3.\n\nPage 285",
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    {
        "id": 354047,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-262 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1894 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 437,
        "title": "CO129-262 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1894 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "18941\n\nExtract from a Report by the Enclosure Statistical Secretary of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs on \"China's Import Trade and the fall in Silver?\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nMy Lord Marquess, Your Lordship's Most Obedient Humble Servant,\n\nWilliam Robinson\n\nEnclosure\n\nThe Daily Press.\n\nHONGKONG, MARCH 19TH, 1894,\n\nCHINA'S IMPORT TRADE AND THE FALL IN SILVER,\n\nMr. Kopsch, the Statistical Secretary of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs, in his review of the trade for 1893 says:\n\nThe dislocation in exchange brought about by according a fictitious value to the rupee and closing the Indian mints to the coinage of silver has resulted, as predicted, in a very serious falling off in the entire trade from India to China. The net importation of opium for the year (although largely augmented by including, for the first time, in the Customs returns the opium brought in junks from Singapore to Hainan, amounting to 1,102 piculs), has declined to the extent of 2,674 piculs or from 70,782 piculs in 1892 to 68,108 piculs during the year under review. The protection of the rupee enhanced the price of opium so greatly that it placed the Indian drug beyond the means of a fast number of consumers, and this rise taking place concurrently with adequate supplies of Native opium—which has so improved in quality that, it is averred, smokers prefer it to Malwa—renders it almost hopeless for the imported drug to continue to compete successfully with the excellent and ever-improving home-grown product. The trade in Indian yarn has likewise undergone a sudden and severe check, the quantity having receded from 1,254,400 piculs in 1892 to 987,800 piculs, or a decrease of 266,600 piculs. Raw cotton from India has been similarly affected, the year's supply being only 53,400 piculs, or just about half the quantity imported during the previous 12 months. The deficiency in these two Indian staples alone represents a decrease in the value of the Indo-China import trade of over Hk. Tls. 4,745,000.\n\nReference to the list of imports from European gold-currency countries discloses an unparalleled falling off in all kinds of textile fabrics. In such staples as grey shirtings, which appreciated in price during 1893 as much as 36 percent. per piece, the supply falls short of that of the previous year by 2,158,000 pieces; white shirtings receded to the extent of 465,000 pieces, while the price advanced 35½ per cent.; and T-cloths, by 552,000 pieces—the total importation for the year, 1,537,000 pieces, being less than in any period during the decade, the prices of 7lb. and 3lb. goods increasing 12 per cent. and 17 per cent. respectively as compared with quotations in 1892. The statistics of English and American sheetings, in the aggregate, compare very unfavourably with those of the preceding 12 months, the figures for 1893 exhibiting a shortage of 311,000 pieces. Indeed, the only conspicuous gain in the list of woven cotton goods is in the drills of all kinds, which exceed the total importation of the previous year by 111,800 piculs—a supply probably not more than sufficient to make good the stock lost, or to fulfil orders in hand, when the Shanghai Cotton Mill was destroyed by fire on the 19th October last. It is satisfactory to note that unclassed cotton goods, which include the tastefully-designed fabrics of Japanese looms, continue to advance by immense strides, the importation of 1893 showing a rise in value of Hk. Tls. 660,400, or more than double the figures of the previous year. The quantity of Japanese cotton goods landed at Shanghai during the year was 142,500 pieces, or 40,000 pieces over the importation of 1892; in 1890 only 8,200 pieces appear in the returns of that port.\n\nUnder the heading of woollens the aggregate value shows a contraction of Hk. Tls. 207,000, and the only items for which the demand was greater than in the preceding years are long ells and blankets. Of metals it will be seen that most descriptions of iron have been in less demand, and, excepting the noteworthy increase in steel and spelter, the average importation of metals is maintained. In both kinds of kerosene oil (American and Russian) the consumption has increased prodigiously, the aggregate increase over '92 amounting to 9,473,000 gallons, the share contributed by the American oil being 4,936,000 gallons, and Russian 4,537,000 gallons. In this connexion it should be noted that in 1894 Russian oil will probably be brought to China in bulk by the steamers of the \"Shell\" line, and stored in tanks erected at Shanghai and other ports.\n\nOwing to a short crop in South China, due to floods in the province of Kwang-tung, the importation of duty-free rice, chiefly Siamese, surpasses all previous demands, the consignments of the year aggregating the enormous total of 9,474,500 piculs, or 5,526,500 piculs over the importation of the previous year. The increase in sugar is explained by all qualities shipped from Hongkong—refined, as well as the products of the refineries—being accounted Foreign in the Import table.\n\nReference to the numerous commodities brought from silver-standard countries south of China indicates a general increase in quantity and value, the so-called depreciated silver in no way affecting the Asiatic division of China's import trade.\n\nIn connexion with the decline in the value of China's foreign import trade, it may not be out of place to remark that to the observer in the East it seems inexplicable that the gold-currency countries, while striving to extend their trade, should resolutely ignore the fact, so clearly demonstrated by the decline in the demand for piece goods, that to the millions in China the tael or ounce of silver is still a tael of undiminished purchasing power, whether the sterling value be 6s. or 3s., and that so soon as the discredited tael fails to buy the same quantity of foreign goods as heretofore, the consumer ceases to be a customer, and will supply his own wants by manufacturing textiles from home-grown materials. Indications are not wanting that the erection of the cotton mills at ports extending from the Gulf of Tonkin to Chungking is contemplated, and there is abundant evidence of great local activity in that direction. A nation whose inexhaustible supply of labourers excites such alarm among Western peoples and Governments is not likely to prove less formidable when it brings similar forces of cheap silver-paid skilled operatives into competition with the textile industries of the gold wage-earning classes of Europe and America, and the effect will be felt more acutely and cause greater consternation than the presence of Chinese labour abroad whenever it comes into rivalry with the handicrafts of Occidental races.\n\nPage 432",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "page_number": 176,
        "title": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "content_text": "170 \n\nwhile China was now receiving Mexican dollars at their bullion value for what she sold in Europe, the Indian exporter was finding that the present artificially high price charged by the Indian Government for the rupee was giving the Chinese exporter an advantage he never possessed before.\n\nWith reference to this point, he drew attention to the fact that the products of India and China were much alike, and he stated that whatever could be done to upbuild the commerce of China at the expense of India must infallibly be to the advantage of the United States as tending to \"show England where her interests lie\".\n\nThis significant reference to the Silver Question would scarcely seem in harmony with the Senator's preliminary statement to the effect that his Resolution had no relation to that subject.\n\nHe concluded by stating that his views had been met by the threat that England might sell the Silver Bullion which she had on hand in India. England would, however, in his opinion, never take that step, as the result of any further attempt to depreciate the price of silver would be that silver-using countries would repudiate every gold payment which they owed; and the brunt of that repudiation would have to be borne by Great Britain, to whom ninety per cent of those payments were due.\n\nI may mention here that in a former stage of this debate, Senator Lodge, a noted advocate of silver, expressed more strongly still the views held by Senator Wolcott as to the relations of Great Britain to",
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    {
        "id": 355903,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "page_number": 180,
        "title": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "content_text": "# shall convince their silver-loving constituents at home that its coin their silver at the mints of Mexico and pay its Government advocates are at heart the friends of silver, which shall couple 4.40 per cent, or they must pay the Government 2 per cent duty with seigniorage that grotesque suggestion of the President in for exporting it. his veto message, that if the Congress of the United States would let the Government borrow what money it wanted on its Interest-bearing bonds, then the country could afford a further issue of silver money which requires no redemption, except silver itself.\n\nThe Republic of Mexico produces some $50,000,000 annually in silver. Of this amount, some $5,000,000 or more are exported in bullion in small amounts to meet the local demands of trade and commerce. Some $20,000,000 of the product of Mexico goes in matte to the great refineries of Swansea, in England, and is there coined.\n\nSuch a suggestion, Mr. President, is too petty to be fairly considered. If we are to have bonds, let us meet a bond issue like men. I for one need no sop thrown to me of a seigniorage bill in consideration that I shall give the Secretary of the Treasury my vote to issue unlimited bonds to meet unknown and uncertain deficits. We will cross that stream when we reach it. It is within my memory, Mr. President, when no dollar of silver was ever produced in this country to any commercial extent. Since that time, in the last twenty years, we have built our refineries, built our smelting works, we have adopted different processes, and we now smelt our silver into bullion, but $20,000,000 of the product of Mexico still goes to England in the form of matte.\n\nThis resolution, then, is not introduced because it has any relation whatever with the future of the silver question in the United States. It has no sort of connection with the great principle of bimetallism.\n\nChina, like all other nations doing business on a silver basis, and owing no debts the principal and interest of which are payable in gold, is in a most prosperous and happy condition, with a rapidly increasing commerce and largely increasing exports. There has not been a period in the history of that nation when its internal affairs and its foreign commerce were in as good a condition as now. That condition has been largely facilitated by the attitude of Great Britain toward India, to which I shall hereafter refer, but it is a fact that the trade of China, internal and with the outer world, was never as prosperous as now.\n\nThat country, with its population of upwards of 400,000,000, is dominated by precedent; its methods of agriculture, of manufacture, and of transportation have remained unchanged through all the centuries. When she first opened her ports unwillingly to foreign nations, the Mexican dollar was adopted as the standard of value and its adoption has remained unchanged. Almost every other nation of the world has endeavored to introduce its dollars in competition with the Mexican dollar, and has failed. The English Government for a time, at Hongkong, started the coinage of a British dollar, and coined some 10,000,000 of them. Some of them were used in circulation, some of them as buttons, as bangles, and as ornaments; but they made no general impression upon the country, and their coinage was withdrawn.\n\nThe French nation commenced the coinage of a dollar with which to transact its commercial business with China, but it was compelled to withdraw it.\n\nThe Japanese Government now coins its yen, with not quite so much silver in it as had the Mexican dollar. It has also something of a circulation, but an extremely limited circulation in China.\n\nOur trade dollar, of which we issued some $35,000,000, never became general in use throughout the Chinese Empire.\n\nThe Senator from Ohio [Mr. SHERMAN] inadvertently made a suggestion the other day which is not in accordance with the fact, that the Chinese Government stamped the \"yen\" upon the coin, and it then became currency. The \"yen\" is the name of the Japanese coin. It was the custom at the time our trade dollar was introduced in China for each business house receiving a dollar to stamp its \"chop\" or business mark or device upon the dollar, and then it would circulate to the next business house, which, in turn, would stamp its \"chop\" or mark upon it.\n\nAfter circulating a few times, it would become defaced, disfigured, and light in weight, when it would be rejected by the banks, and after its rejection by the banks, it would be coined into bullion. The bullion afterwards found its way into India or was hoarded, as was the custom in those years, as among the assets of the retiring Chinese merchants who were in the habit of running their silver into bullion and preserving it as part of their treasure or assets or fortune, but in all those attempts, nothing has taken the place of the Mexican dollar. The Mexican Government started to change the emblem on its dollar, but that change was unacceptable to the Chinese Government, and the old Mexican dollar still stands as the standard of circulation in that country.\n\nDisraeli has said that every precedent embalms a principle; and it may be, Mr. President, that back of this precedent, which seems to us meaningless, the fact that while other countries coined a dollar for foreign circulation only, the Mexican Government has issued to China, no dollar which it repudiates at home, may have had much to do with the fact that the Mexican dollar has remained the standard. This Mexican dollar is a dollar of 377 grains fine, known as the dollar marked with the cactus, the eagle, and snake.\n\nTo meet this universal demand, the Mexican mints are more than overcrowded. The Mexican Government charges a seigniorage of 4.40 per cent on every dollar which it coins. It charges an export duty of 2 per cent on all silver exported from the country. So that those producing silver in Mexico must either\n\n| Capacity of Mexican Mints | Amount Coined | Destination |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 25-26 million dollars | $1,000,000 stays in Mexico | Mostly exported to Japan, India, and other parts of Asia |\n|  |  | About $7,500,000 goes by way of San Francisco |\n|  |  | A little less amount goes by way of England, from Liverpool and London, direct to Asia |\n\nThe capacity of the Mexican mints is but twenty-five to twenty-six million dollars. Of this amount, $1,000,000 stays in the Republic of Mexico; all the rest of it is exported. The exportation is almost entirely to Japan, India, and other parts of Asia. Of this export, about $7,500,000 on an average for the last ten years goes by way of San Francisco, a little less amount goes by way of England, from Liverpool and London, direct to Asia, and the rest of it probably goes abroad in the pockets of returning Chinamen or through Chilean or Peruvian ports. Of the amount that is coined, there is already, owing to this demand, not only a scarcity of Mexican dollars, but a scarcity of silver in Mexico for coinage purposes. I saw in one of yesterday's newspapers, the New York Tribune, I believe it was, a telegram from Boston saying: \"A dispatch to the Herald from the City of Mexico says: 'Silver bars refined in the United States from Mexican ore are arriving here for coinage into dollars. Eighty-eight bars have been received, and more are expected. German bullion dealers are talking of sending bar silver here for the same purpose, owing to the increasing demand for Mexican dollars in China, where a scanty supply has hindered trade operations.'\"\n\nThe fact that the supply is insufficient is shown not only by the importation of silver into Mexico for the purpose of being coined, but it is also shown by the fact that certain quantities, not large, of bullion are exported to China.\n\nWe hear much of Chinese mints. There is a mint at Shanghai known as the Royal Chinese Mint. Its business, its surroundings are all shrouded in the greatest mystery. It is in the hands of local mandarins under some contract with the Government. Our consul made a report upon it last year. The only information he could obtain was that there were coined in the mint about 3,000,000 ounces of silver, and out of that amount, there were 10,000,000 ten-cent pieces, which were utilized principally by the natives as buttons. The coinage of the Chinese mint, however, amounts practically to nothing.\n\nChina produces no silver. This bullion goes to China because there are not Mexican dollars enough to do the business, and it is from the fact that Mexican dollars in London and in New York bring a premium from a half per cent to 3 per cent; that the demand is for the Mexican dollar, and the supply is insufficient. The effect of the enlargement of the facilities of Mexico in the coinage of its dollars must be to enlarge our commerce as well as to facilitate the world's commerce with China.\n\nMr. HIGGINS. Will the Senator answer a question at that point?\n\nMr. WOLCOTT. With pleasure.\n\nMr. HIGGINS. I ask if the premium on Mexican dollars is not owing to the Chinese demand?\n\nMr. WOLCOTT. It is owing to the Chinese demand—not the Indian, but the Asiatic demand for dollars.\n\nMr. HIGGINS. They are not to be used in this country?\n\nMr. WOLCOTT. They are wholly for shipment to Asia. Our commerce with China is already great. Our exports to China last year were $3,900,000; our imports were upwards of $20,000,000; of which sum $5,000,000 were dutiable and some $15,000,000 were free.\n\nIf these dollars shall be coined at our mints at Carson City and at San Francisco, it will create something of an active silver market on the Pacific coast, and where the dollars are, the facilities for shipment and commerce will go also. There will be a demand for these dollars from London merchants and from English and from Scotch merchants. They will lend gold to this country in exchange for the dollars which will be shipped direct, and it will add much to the steamship commerce between the Pacific coast and Asia. Many of these dollars will find their way into the Indian market. They are handy; they will up country be remelted and made into bangles and ornaments. There is always a certain demand in India also for Mexican dollars.\n\nThe total commerce of China has of late years assumed enormous importance. Her foreign commerce last year consisted of £27,000,000 of imports and £25,030,000 of exports. These exports are rapidly increasing in volume and in value and are very much facilitated, as I have said, by the action of England toward her colonies in India.\n\nThe attitude of Great Britain is most pregnant with interest in this country, for no matter what may be our legislation, the attitude of Great Britain toward India, the prices at which her wheat and jute and cotton are to be sold, the facilities of the exchange into English money, must ever materially affect the prices of those products in this country which we raise in competition with that great people.\n\nThe present policy which Great Britain is following towards India... She is animated naturally by her own selfish interest. The products of India and the products of China are much alike, and whatever we can do to upbuild the commerce of Asia at the expense of the commerce of India must be to our advantage as showing England where her interests lie.\n\nPage 180\nPage 181\n\nWe are met with the threat that England may sell her silver bullion on hand. It has been recently suggested by the English press that the 20 crores of bullion, or the 80,000,000 ounces of silver, which England has on hand in India may be sold. If that unfortunate occurrence should take place, there is no doubt that the price of silver would be further depreciated; there is no doubt that it would add to the already untold disasters which have overtaken the world because of the abandonment of silver; but I venture the prediction that England will never take that step, for when she does that, she makes valueless hundreds and thousands of millions of dollars of bonds, the principal and interest of which are payable in gold, which silver-using countries have borrowed of her. Let her sell her silver on hand in India and you will find every silver-using country on earth repudiate every gold payment it owes; and 90 per cent of those payments are due to Great Britain.\n\nThe Indian government collects its revenue in silver rupees; the revenue collected since last June and remaining in the treasury amounts to some 20 crores of rupees—in other words, to some 80,000,000 ounces of silver. There are some 4,000,000 ounces to the crore. The crore is an East Indian word signifying 10,000,000, and 10,000,000 rupees mean something over 4,000,000 ounces of silver. These 80,000,000 ounces of silver are now locked up in the English treasury in India, making a scarcity of actual rupees for commerce in India.\n\nNow, the demand for these rupees, through sales of so-called \"council drafts\" in London, is the demand of English importers of Indian wheat, cotton, and jute, who require silver rupees to pay for their purchases from Indian farmers. But the government of India, by closing the mints, has said: \"You can not any longer pay rupees by buying silver from America, or elsewhere and coining it in Bombay, therefore you must now buy these rupees from our government treasuries, and at whatever price we fix.\" True, the value of the silver in the rupee is now only 22 cents per rupee, but they will not sell their coins, their \"council drafts,\" for less than 28 cents per rupee; either take them at that price or leave and go out of business. This result has followed from this policy of coercion. China, for example, is getting silver—is getting Mexican dollars—for what she sells in Europe at their bullion value, but the Indian exporter is finding that the present artificially high price charged by the government of India for the rupee is giving the China exporter a great advantage he never got before.\n\nLet me illustrate this point carefully. In India, the government has fixed the value of the rupee at 28 cents, while the value of a corresponding weight of silver in China, say two-fifths of an ounce, is 23 cents. Now, if we suppose 1 pound of tea in India costs 1 rupee, then the Indian grower can sell some 17 pounds of tea for the gold sovereign. But the Chinaman can afford to sell 23 pounds of tea for the sovereign. As this argument applies to most of India's exports, the balance of trade since the closing of the mints has gone strongly against India, and is greatly favoring China; and just as the rise in the Indian rates of exchange and the fall in the China rates has thrown the balance of trade against India and is favoring China, so also the fall in the rate of exchange between the silver-using countries and Europe since 1873 has tended to destroy our favorable balance of trade with gold-using Europe, by stimulating the trade in wheat and cotton from Asia at the expense of our exports of these staples.\n\nThe question of the production of silver is not to be settled by by attempting to further degrade and dishonor it. Many of us have taken the position here on the floor of the Senate for years, that even if we rehabilitated silver and restored the old free coinage at the ratio of 16 to 1, the production of silver would not be increased. We have said that the rise in prices, the rise in wages, the limited and narrowing area for the discovery and development of silver mines, would prevent in any event the further and larger development and output of silver ores. Mr. President, there has lately been borne in upon us a different condition of facts.\n\nWe now face another proposition. Every one of these estimates has been based upon the assumption that silver alone depreciated. But one lesson that we are painfully and slowly, but surely, learning to-day, is that not only has the price of silver depreciated or the price of gold appreciated, but that wages are decreasing, that the cost of the necessaries of life is decreasing, that the food the miner eats and the clothes he wears are growing less in cost, that the cost of machinery for the development of mines is less, that the cost of making roads is less, that the traffic upon the railroads will bear less, and out of the misery of it all, there must come the inevitable fact that, as silver declines in value, so men with mouths to feed will be found to produce it for less wages.\n\nOur furnaces are cold, our fires are out, our mines are most of them closed; those which are kept open are kept open in order to prevent the timbers from rotting and the waters from flooding the mines; yet when these miners—intelligent men who have up to this time found work at prices which remunerated them and enabled them to add to the glory of American manhood, to educate their children, to feed them and to own their own homes—find that the monetary policy of this country prevents their receiving these wages, and that it is starvation or nothing—\n\nSo, following this, I desire to call the attention of the Senate briefly to an Indian opinion as to the effect which is being produced in India by the floundering policy of the English Government towards India. I read very briefly from some recent remarks by Hon. Robert Steel, who is the commercial member of the viceroy's council in India. In an address which he delivered at the meeting of the Bengal Chamber of Commerce, he says:\n\n\"We may now judge of the result of the closing of the mints. The secretary of state can not sell his council bills. The balance of trade has disappeared. Exchange is falling, and there seems to be no chance of the downward course being arrested until we reach the metallic value of the rupee. Money is at 6 per cent, and may go much higher, but the exchange banks, in view of the further expected fall in exchange, will not bring out one rupee more than the amount they absolutely require to pay for the bills they have bought. By the presence of dear money and the prospect of still dearer money, trade is paralyzed. The fact is that the action of government in closing the mints has caused silver to fall to a lower point than it otherwise would have done, and yet it appears that whether the mints are closed or open, there is no chance that council bills can be sold on the scale of our requirements until exchange reaches the bullion point.\n\n\"Our trade is paralyzed\" in the hope of relieving the embarrassments of government, and yet the departure from a sound currency system is making the position of government worse than it was before. The present course can not be persevered in long. We can not go on borrowing gold and piling up money in our treasuries here today of reckoning must come, and can not be far off. We in English statesmanship are already pressing the unanswerable charge that the Indian Government has entered into a gigantic speculation in silver. This is serious enough in itself, but when it appears that the speculation is certain to be a losing one, the clamor against it will be irresistible. What then must be done? We are, perhaps, on the eve of a crisis which may give a terrible shock to industry, to commerce, and to credit. We can not prosper without a sound currency acting automatically. Let us open our mints, and we shall again see a wave of prosperity flowing over the land like that which followed in gold-using countries the discoveries of gold in California and Australia fifty years ago.\"\n\nThis, Mr. President, is an intelligent Indian opinion of the ...\n\nMr. SHERMAN. Mr. President, I do not intend to participate in any debate on this question, because I am inclined to think that the passage of the resolution and the undertaking by the President of the United States to negotiate some measure of relief to silver would be at this time a wise measure to pass. I certainly would favor any proposition which would tend to give silver a larger use for commercial or financial purposes. It would be a great benefit to the human race, it would be of vast...",
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        "id": 356049,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "page_number": 326,
        "title": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "content_text": "Any further communication on this subject should be addressed to----\n\nThe Under Secretary of State, \nWar Office, \nPall Mall, \nand the following number quoted, \nC.O. \n2226 \nRE Red 6/94 \n320 \n\nLondon, S.W., \nWar Office, \n11088/640 \n\n5th February, 1894.\n\nI am directed by the Secretary of State for War \nto request that you will be so good as to state the date \nof the promulgation in the Colonies of Hong Kong and the \nStraits Settlements of the Queen's Proclamations, issued \nunder the Orders in Council of the 1st of November 1864 \nand the 26th day of June, 1867.\n\nThese proclamations had for their object the \nfixing of the value at which the dollar should be issued \nto the Troops.\n\nI am also to request that you will be so good \nas to state, at the same time, the date from which the \nQueen's Proclamations issued under the Orders in Council \nof the 18th of June, 1869, and the 12th of August 1876 \ntook effect in the Colonies of Ceylon and Mauritius.\n\nThese latter proclamations directed that the \nrupee, with a subsidiary coinage, should, from the date on \nwhich the proclamation took effect in the Colony, be the \nsole legal tender of payment.\n\nI am, \nSir, \nYour obedient Servant, \nMikucki\n\nThe Under Secretary of State \nfor the Colonies, \nDowning Street.",
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        "id": 356072,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "page_number": 349,
        "title": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "content_text": "# Appendix No. 6 Enclosure No. 3.\n\n## No. 2.\n\n8\n\n34. In the correspondence published in the Appendix, the Governor says that, \"excluding the disturbance introduced by the violent fall in exchange, the financial position of the Colony is in a sound and satisfactory position,\" and the Colonial accounts show that the revenue, instead of decreasing by over `Appendix` 200,000 dollars between 1888 and 1892, the last year for which completed accounts have been received, has increased by considerably more than that amount, an increase due apparently to an augmented yield from existing taxes `Appendix` rather than to the imposition of fresh taxation,* while there has been for many years a very large expenditure on public works, and an increased expenditure under 11 out of 16 of the sub-heads comprised in the Colonial Estimates, and last year the Colony raised a further loan of 100,000l. for the provision of extraordinary public works.\n\n## No. 3.\n\n`Appendix No. 6`\n\n35. Under these circumstances, as the contribution of 40,000, with the local expenditure on Volunteers added, will only amount to a charge of 18.24 per cent. of the estimated total revenue of 1894, as compared with 18.79 the estimated charge in 1890, the Committee do not consider that any present reduction in the contribution is called for. Should the dollar fall to 2s. in 1895, as seems very probable, and should the revenues of that year not exceed those estimated for 1894, the defence charges of the Colony would only be augmented to 20.46 per cent. of its total revenue.\n\n36. In the Colonial representations already quoted, while increased taxation is deprecated as inopportune, no reduction of the Colonial expenditure is suggested, except in regard to that incurred for the defence of the Colony. Defence expenditure, essential to the safety of a country, should not be the first for reduction, and it is to be hoped that the local enquiries instituted by the Secretary of State into the taxation and expenditure of the Colony, with a view to increasing the one and reducing the other, will produce results which will enable it to provide for its small proportion (about one-sixth) of the cost of its land defence, without financial difficulty.\n\n37. The outcome of the \"silver question\" is so wrapped in uncertainty, that it is impossible for the Committee to forecast the effect which it may have on the financial condition of Hong Kong in 1895 and subsequent years. At present there seems no reason to anticipate that any special action will be necessary on the part of the Imperial Government, in order to give relief to the Colonial exchequer in the matter of its defence expenditure. Whether such relief will be required depends, not only on the value of silver, but also on the efforts of the Colony to curtail its general expenditure and expand its revenues, and it will suffice to deal with the question of Imperial aid when the necessity for such aid shall have been established.\n\n* Hong Kong and Singapore being free ports no revenue is derived from customs duties In referring to this in their report upon the Straits Settlements, the Committee stated-- \n\"It is right to draw attention to the fact, that however much the fiscal systems of the Straits Settlements and Hong Kong, which are nearly identical, may be open to theoretical criticism, those Colonies continue to derive, from a few taxes cheaply collected, a larger revenue per head than any of the under-mentioned communities, native and European, whose territories border on the Eastern seas. That this is so will be seen from the following table\n\n| Community        | Revenue per head of population (dollars) |\n| ---------------- | --------------------------------------- |\n| Annam-Touking    | 2                                       |\n| Japan            | 5                                       |\n| British India    | 8                                       |\n| Ceylon           | 3                                       |\n| Siam             | 7                                       |\n| Netherlands' India | 9                                     |\n| Cochin China     | ...                                     |\n| The Straits Settlements | ...                               |\n| Hong Kong        | ...                                     |\n\nThe Hong Kong General Revenue Returns include the municipal taxes. If these are added in the case of the Straits (where they amount to nearly 1,000,000 dollars) the charge per head in the Straits would be raised to about 9 dollars.\n\n1894.\n\nSee also paragraphs 44 to 47 of the Committee's Report, Section 9, on Straits Settlements.\n\n9\n\n## RECOMMENDATION.\n\n22.\n\n343\n\n38. The Committee recommend that the present Military Contribution See paras. should be continued during the five years ending 1898, unless conditions should 21, 216, and hereafter arise requiring its reconsideration before that date. Assuming that neither the value of the dollar, nor the revenue of the Colony, vary during that period, a contribution of 40,000, together with the local expenditure on Volunteers, 10,705 dollars, will amount to 366,260 dollars, and would compare as follows with the estimated military expenditure of the following countries for 1894:-\n\n| Country          | Revenue (dollars) | Defence charges (dollars) | Per head of population (dollars) | Per cent. of revenue |\n| ---------------- | ----------------- | ------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------- |\n| Hong Kong        | 1,605,768         | 366,200                   | 3 5/8                            | 22.80                |\n| Straits Settlements | 3,818,170       | 904,288*                  | 3 9                              | 23.68                |\n| India            | rupees. 691,527,000 | rupees. 229,500,000      | 1 3/8                            | 33.18                |\n| United Kingdom   | £ 94,175,000      | £ 36,875,671              | 19 21                            | 39.15                |\n\n39. Three of these countries, viz., Singapore, India, and the United Kingdom, in addition to the revenues above detailed, possess separate municipal revenues, which are expended on purely municipal services. Hong Kong has no municipality, and municipal services, connected with its capital Victoria, are provided for out of the general revenues of the Colony. To make the above comparison perfectly fair to Hong Kong, its total revenue of 2,007,210 dollars has been arbitrarily reduced by 20 per cent., which is about the proportion which the municipal expenditure of the Straits Settlements bears to its total revenues.\n\n## CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ON BARRACKS, &C.\n\n40. In their report of 1888, the Committee stated that the rough preliminary `Committee's Report` estimate of the cost of providing barracks for the increased garrison of Hong Kong, amounted to 212,000l. There was at that time a proposal to surrender to the Colony certain barracks and their sites, which were of great commercial value, and to construct new barracks on less valuable sites. This would have augmented the charge to about 262,000l., but as a set-off, it was estimated that the surrendered sites would realize 140,000l., leaving the net cost about 122,000l. The Committee recommended that one-third of the balance remaining, after ...\n\n* Those figures are based on the average contribution recommended for the Straits Settlements for the period 1894-98, viz., 100,000l. For special reasons the Committee recommended a reduction in the first two years, bringing the average payment for those years down to 81,250l. plus local expenditure on Volunteers, 15,400 dollars, thus temporarily reducing the average proportion, for those two years, to 38.04 per head of population, and 19.26 per cent. of revenue.\n†The charge in dollars for Hong Kong and the Straits being 1.52 and 1.66 respectively, and in India 1 rupee, per head of population.\n\nThe percentage which the military charges of Hong Kong bear to its revenue, as shown in this table, differs from those shown in paragraphs 2, 5, 3, 13, 17, 28 and 35. They are based, as in all previous reports and correspondence, on the proportion which those charges bore at different dates to the total revenues of the Colony. If, as in this table, a deduction had been made from the total revenues, at the periods selected for comparison, viz., 1865, 1888, and 1894, for what may be considered to have been revenue for municipal purposes, though the actual percentage of each period would have been increased, the relative proportions of the percentages would have remained unchanged. It is, therefore, convenient, in the paragraphs dealing with Hong Kong alone, to retain the basis of calculations which has always been adopted, and that basis only needs modification when the comparison is with other countries, as in the above table.\n\nC \n\n(143)",
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    {
        "id": 359108,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]",
        "page_number": 514,
        "title": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]",
        "content_text": "# Fide printed correspondence relating to Mauritius.\n\nSee Report of Committee on Mauritius, 1889, and printed Correspondence.\n\n10\n\nThe present value of the rupee, 1s. 1d., the Colony would have had to pay 1,480,754 rupees for 1894, or 7.94 per cent. of its estimated net revenue.\n\n57. Looking to the present growing prosperity of Ceylon (its gross revenue having increased from 15,299,877 rupees in 1889, to 20,000,000 rupees in 1895), and to the very small percentage of its revenue expended on Colonial defence compared with Singapore and Hong Kong, the Committee consider that 7 per cent. of its revenue will be a moderate charge to make.* The Committee are now considering their report on Ceylon, and hope shortly to submit it to the Government. They may, however, say that there is no probability of a contribution for Ceylon of less than 7 per cent. being adopted. There is, however, a question about the maximum limit of its contribution which cannot be determined until it is settled what payment, if any, Ceylon shall make on account of the garrison of Trincomalee.\n\n58. With regard to Mauritius, the Government claimed for 1890 25,000l., rising by 5,000l. annually to 45,000l. This subsequently went through one or two modifications on account of severe losses sustained by the Colony, the final demand being for 15,000l. for 1893, and 30,000l. for 1894. The Colony refused to vote the 30,000l., but it did vote the number of rupees calculated to produce 15,000l. This, on account of a further fall in the value of silver, only produced 13,805l.\n\n59. This payment only amounted to 3.02 per cent. of the net Colonial revenue. Compared with the contributions of other Colonies this payment is so manifestly inadequate, that the Committee do not hesitate to recommend that a contribution of 5 per cent. of the net revenue should be insisted on.* This, on a net estimated revenue of 7,516,890 rupees, at the present value of the rupee, is calculated to produce 20,750l. in 1895. This contribution seems to be so extremely moderate compared with that paid by this Colony in former years, and with those paid by other Colonies, that there should be no insuperable difficulty in obtaining it.\n\n60. Should these recommendations be accepted the estimated payments by the Colonies concerned, and the estimated sterling receipts for 1895, would compare as follows with the actual payments and receipts for 1894 :-\n\n| Colony | Currency | 1894 | 1895 | Sterling | 1894 | 1895 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Straits Settlements | Dollars | 729,118 | 688,541 | £ | 80,000 | 68,854 |\n| Hong Kong | Dollars | 371,646 | 353,242 | £ | 40,000 | 35,324 |\n| Ceylon | Rupees | 1,394,558 | 1,477,275 | £ | 81,750 | 81,588 |\n| Mauritius | Rupees | 232,500 | 375,845 | £ | 13,805 | 20,750 |\n\n61. This calculation is based on the existing official rates of exchange. The official rate for the rupee, 1s. 1d., is about its present commercial value, but the present commercial value of the dollar, 2s. 2d., is now considerably higher than its official rating, 2s. Should the average for the year be 2s. 1d., the above loss of 9,069l. would be reduced to 4,729l. It seems probable, also, that there may be a further reduction of this estimated loss owing to increases in the actual, over the estimated, revenues of the Colonies for 1895.\n\n62. A reference to `Appendix No. 8` will show that had the percentage system been in force during the past five years the Exchequer would have largely benefited, while the fluctuations in the currency payments would have been much less severe than they have been. This fluctuation is the difficulty for which it is important that a remedy should be found.\n\n63. Leaving Mauritius out of consideration--on account of the exceptional conditions which have affected it--the result in the past five years would have been as follows:-\n\nSingapore and Hong Kong would have paid 5,069,006 dollars against 5,017,972 dollars, an increase of 51,034 dollars, or 1.01 per cent., while the receipts into the Treasury would have been 729,284l., against 680,000l. actually brought to credit--an increase of 49,284l., or 7.24 per cent. Ceylon would have paid 6,613,715 rupees against 5,564,791 rupees actually paid, an increase of 1,048,924 rupees, or 18.84 per cent., and the Exchequer would have received 446,129l. instead of 377,000l., an increase of 69,129l., or 18.33 per cent. The total receipts from the three Colonies would have been 1,175,413l. as against 1,057,000l., an increase of 118,413l., or about 11 per cent.\n\n64. This increase would probably have been still further augmented had the percentage system obtained in Mauritius during the past five years, but our transactions with that Colony have been so unfortunate, as regards its contribution, that it is not safe to calculate what better results might have been obtained under a different system.\n\n65. Should the Committee's recommendations be approved, they would suggest that, if practicable, the contribution, being a fixed percentage charge, should be provided for by Colonial Ordinances instead of by annual vote. The Committee understand that this course was formerly adopted in some Colonies, in `Enclosure 2 in No. 34`, and that it is still in partial operation in Ceylon.\n\n66. The percentages recommended by the Committee are based on the assumption that no important change in the existing revenue systems of the Colonies, or in the method of bringing the revenue to account, which would have the effect of reducing the Military Contributions, will be authorized without the special concurrence of the Treasury.\n\n**ARTHUR L. HALIBURTON**\n**EDWARD FAIRFIELD**\n**G. L. RYDER**\n\nThe net estimated loss for 1895 amounting to 9,069l.\n\n* The difference in the percentages recommended for Singapore and Hong Kong, 7 per cent., and those for Ceylon and Mauritius, 7 and 5 per cent., is due to several causes.\n\n(a) The latter Colonies are only just emerging from a period of depression which necessitated large reductions in their contributions, and it is not considered advisable in the present condition of their currencies to recommend that any large immediate increase should be made in the amounts they pay.\n\n(b) In regard to the Mauritius there is in addition some considerable doubt as to the ability of the Government to obtain from the Colonial Legislature any considerable increase even if it were demanded.\n\n(c) The Governments of Ceylon and Mauritius own and work the Colonial railways. The gross receipts are credited to revenue, while the working expenses, including interest on railway debt, are charged as ordinary expenditure. The result is that the nominal revenues are greatly swollen but are at the same time largely hypothecated for an unavoidable expenditure essential to their production.\n\nThe Committee contemplated readjusting the revenue accounts of these Colonies, with a view of basing the percentage on the net available revenue, and thus bringing it more nearly to a level with the percentages of the Colonies which have no railways. The matter is not of much practical importance when deciding on the percentage. The contribution which the Colony can now afford regulates the percentage recommended by the Committee, and whether a low percentage on a large gross revenue, or a higher percentage on a net revenue is taken, the same result is arrived at. The matter, however, would be of great importance if the revenues were readjusted after the percentage were agreed upon, and therefore the Committee consider that it is better not to enter into any readjustments based on a distinction between gross and net revenue, as this might open a wide door to reclamations by the Colony after the percentage was agreed upon.\n\n**FRANK T. MARZIALS**\nSecretary.\n\n**WAR OFFICE**\n1st May, 1895.\n\n509",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 359726,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-270 - Public Offices & Others - 1895",
        "page_number": 497,
        "title": "CO129-270 - Public Offices & Others - 1895",
        "content_text": "## Colonial Leave Memorandum of Elphinstone\n£281.95\n\nHis half pay has been more than £800 below Lee...\n\n* This should be 3746. (seem 8/14/2 2285) gu/in/e\n\n§ This share of Cause he' 33 years, so that being ruturas. Cargue lay shall 492 abar his pension umed be! If anything like 2000 agear, half pay be off uo have umed drontage bhain?\n\nSir R. Meade Rue 9/1\n\nHis Ceylon service appears to have been (star. 67 tot hul 91)\n\ndeduct half is half pay\ndeduct ha leave\n\nMy 24 L. 21 4. 1.8.29\nCeylus penninable service = 22.7.22 halt\n\nHis year (or thereabouts) in Cyprus seems to be non-penninable; pestam.\n\nHis Hong Kong service, from 1.1.94 to 14) is\n\n| Service        | Amount  |\n| -------------- | ------- |\n| leave          | $0.12   |\n|                | $3      |\n|                | $79.12  |\n\nIn calculation which deduct half of half pay follows need correction gugin/2 adding for climate Total service in tropical climate 24.5.4\n\naddition 4 his Ceylan serince which shall be on like proportion to years as his courie in Ceyler bears this whole tropical seriace (5.20 of Ceylan Minute)\n\nCeylon pension = 22.2 + (25/415) of 2-60 = 27 of N = 18000 = N = 8,100\n= (at 1/10: the Rupee) £759.7.6\n\nTo his Hong Kong service may added 2/3 of his service in that colony 1.2.7.4\nFroth fer and he may 72 sach month,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-270 - Public Offices & Others - 1895.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 364971,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "page_number": 218,
        "title": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "content_text": "Office or Individual.\n\n1897\n\nHongkong\n\nNo. 23377\n\n(Subject.)\n\nIndian Pension\n\nD. Q.B. Ayres\n\nThe C.A have been instructed to resume the payment of his half-Salary from Hongkong hands from the 10th prox., inst. instead of from the 18th inst., as previously arranged.\n\nOct. 8th previous Paper.\n\nTo 18785\n\nW&L (hi-2308-8000-7-57)\n\nNext subsequent Paper.\n\n25742\n\nDOMESTIC.\n\n28.10.17\n\n214\n\nfixe at Rs 6-10 a month to 29 June\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nI did not know that Indian Pensions were payable at 1/9 the Rupee.\n\nCopy to D'Agres for wife. L.7.\n\nat once. Sep 20/10",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 364972,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "page_number": 219,
        "title": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "content_text": "It is requested that in any further communication on this subject the under-mentioned letter and number may be quoted, and the reply addressed to— The Under Secretary of State for India, India Office, PC1675.\n\nSir,\n\nWhitehall, S.W.\n\n27 October 1897.\n\nIndia Office, Whitehall, London, S.W.\n\nIn continuation of the letter from this Office of the 26th of August last, No.F.3961, and with reference to your letter of the 25th Instant, I am directed to state, for the information of Mr.Secretary Chamberlain, that the Government of India have reported that the pensionable Indian service of Dr.P.B. Ayres, at the time of his transfer to Colonial Service, amounted to 2 years and 7 months, and that, excluding allowances which are not part of salary as defined by the Indian pension regulations, his pay was Rs.200 a month.\n\nThe Secretary of State for India in Council has accordingly sanctioned the grant to Dr.Ayres, with effect from the 29th of June last inclusive, of a pension of 60ths of his pay, or Rs.6.10.8 a month, and the Accountant General at this Office has been authorized to issue the equivalent of that pension, at the exchange of 1/9 the rupee.\n\nI have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient Servant,\n\nThe Under Secretary of State, Colonial Office.\n\nY1857. 10 nas-8/97. I. 1954, Foreign",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 365119,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "page_number": 366,
        "title": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "content_text": "the Dollar; stopping of the coinage of the silver yen has had the effect of making it already worth 2 1⁄2 more; it is now quoted at 225.0d. (the intrinsic value of the gold yen Excludes silver, in Article X. There are about 25. Id. half the value of other old gold yen).\n\nWhen we demonetize the Japanese Yen, as we did four years ago in Ayala, the Portuguese Rupee is less in value than this; it arises less in value than the Indian Rupee (see 12469/43).\n\nI think we may leave it alone at the Straits, since it will gradually go away of its own accord to be exchanged for gold yen in Japan under Art. XVI of this new Law; and in the Colony, so far as I can see, no one can be hurt by continuing to treat it as legal tender there - so long as it continues to circulate.\n\nTherefore, Mr. Johnson will do nothing.\n\nS.W. Cowper.\n\nI doubt about leaving the Yen to take itself. As I read the new Japanese Law, the time will come when the silver yen will cease & debase in Japan as a token. If the Japanese Government...\n\nI. Swettenham tells me that he has heard - but cannot say in what positions - that the yen has already practically ceased to circulate from the Straits. We may defer that date until they have got in all the silver yen in circulation; a proportion, well & good. But I think Sir E. Salon has enormously underestimated the amount of yen in circulation at the Straits, and it seems notwithstanding impossible that today the present rise in the value of the yen at the Straits & Labuan might leave us with a large quantity of silver yen, which is not legal tender in any other part of the world.\n\nThe demonetization of which, if it were desired, would be a costly job. I am disposed to take time by the forelock & demonetize now. We had better ask the...\n\nPage 362\n\n7 B & L (0)-79800-3000-3-07",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 365122,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "page_number": 369,
        "title": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "content_text": "sufficiently to allow of the silver yen which are \n\ncurrent in the Straits Settlements and Malay Penin-\n\nsular being replaced by a coin of equal intrinsic \n\nvalue at a cheaper price. It is expected by the \n\nGovernment that the operation of calling in the \n\nwhole of the sum may take as much as one or two \n\nConsequently the silver yen must continue \n\n365 \n\nto circulate for a considerable period, but the \n\nJapanese Government do not anticipate any difficulty \n\non this score, as the closing of the Osaka Mint is \n\nexpected to produce similar effects to those which \n\nfollowed on the similar measure adopted in India \n\nwith regard to the rupee. They will not sell silver \n\non the market, and have telegraphed instructions to \n\ntheir Consuls in London and New York to give publici-\n\nty to their intention in this respect.\n\nThe foregoing is the forecast of Japanese finan-\n\ncial authorities, but I believe there is reason to \n\nsuppose that the quantity of good silver in circu-\n\nlating in the Straits is three times what the Japan-\n\nese government has calculated.\n\nI have &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nErnest Satow,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 365125,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "page_number": 372,
        "title": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "content_text": "Its circulation is deferred until practically all the good silver at present in Jen... has been exchanged for gold; no difficulty will arise if that should be the case. It is possible that the Straits Settlements and Labuan might be left some day with a considerable quantity of silver not being legal tender elsewhere, the demonetization of which, if then desired, would be a costly operation.\n\nM. Chamberlain is therefore disposed to think that the present opportunity should be taken, while the silver rupee is appreciably valued higher than the Mexican dollar, to demonetize the rupee in the above-mentioned Colonies; but he would be glad if their Lordships consider it necessary.\n\nThe Order in Council will be prepared for that purpose and be favoured with their Lordship's views on the suggestions.\n\nI am to request that the Japanese Law is to be translated according to them.\n\nPage 368\n\n \n\nThe original text has been proofread and formatted into HTML as per the instructions. The text has been reorganized into proper paragraphs, and spelling errors have been corrected. The original page numbering (\"Page 368\") has been preserved. No translation or rephrasing has been done, and the original content has been maintained.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 366294,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 150,
        "title": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "I think therefore that the same privileges should be accorded as to the Indian Police, more especially now that the two Departments have been combined under one head.\n\nIf this is allowed I suppose the same privilege will have to be extended to the S.S. Indian Police.\n\nMr Johnson however tells me this question must be considered in connection with the General Circular question of rates of exchange for leave salary &c., as to which he had already put forward papers & I therefore send this on without further minute.\n\n[I cannot trace that we ever had the former petition from the Gaol staff which is referred to on f. 1 of May's Report].\n\nT.C.M. 30/4\n\nAs in the case of English officials we have dropped the Family Remittance privileges which were confined to be actual remittances for bona fide family purposes and given instead Exchange compensation to all English born officers (married or single) whose domicile is in England, whether they have occasion to remit or not. I think perhaps we had better give Exchange compensation to natives of India & Ceylon on similar terms, as the Indian Police have been given it at the rate of 44 cents to Rupee 1.2. $100 to Rs 227, which is the natural rate of exchange between the British Dollar & Rupee, based upon the weight of pure silver in each.\n\nI am afraid we must adopt that rate for all Indians, though I would prefer the simpler rate of $1 = 2s.\n\nApprove the adoption of Exchange compensation for all natives of India & Ceylon in the Hongkong Govt. service.\n\nI also, if the Govt. of the Straits has no objection, would approve of making a similar suggestion as to this proposal.\n\n`22001/97`\n~52182-3000-6-97\n\nThe introduction of this rule in Straits & N. States service; and at the same time amend the existing Exchange compensation rules by altering the words \"the United Kingdom or any British Colony in which British sterling currency is the standard currency\" to \"the British sterling currency\" to avoid questions & disputes as to the standard of currency in India, Japan, the Netherlands India &c., adding that any cases of persons domiciled in a foreign country can be considered if & when they arise.\n\n`CP 17/6/910`\n\nDraft fr. Consideration\n\nThe drafts which were submitted with these minutes were approved.\n\nPage 150\nPage 151",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4].txt",
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    {
        "id": 366297,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 153,
        "title": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "152\n\nfor reasons stated that the members of the Indian Staff of the Gaol should be accorded the privilege of remitting to the extent of half their salaries at the special rate of exchange recently granted to the Indian Police viz: - 44 cents to the rupee.\n\nThe extra expenditure involved in that recommendation would at present rate of exchange only amount to some $1,800 per annum, and I am of opinion that the privilege which is enjoyed by the Indian Police and Soldiers in the garrison should be extended to their fellow-countrymen employed in the Gaol in order to ensure contentment and efficiency in that Department.\n\nThe members of the Executive Council, whom I have consulted in the matter, support my opinion.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir, Your Most Obedient Humble Servant,\nM. Administering the Government.",
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    },
    {
        "id": 366299,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 155,
        "title": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "The pay of the Police is as follows:-\n\n| Rank | Pay |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2 Sergeants | $22.50 |\n| 2 Do. | $20.50 |\n| 1 DO. | $19.50 |\n| 1 Actg. Sergt. | $18.00 |\n| 2 DO. | $17.50 |\n| 2 Do. | $16.00 |\n\nCONSTABLES \n| Class | Pay |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1st. Class | $15.50 |\n| 2nd. Do. | $13.50 |\n| 3rd. Do. | $12.50 |\n\n154 \n\nand they have the privilege of remitting half their pay to India at the rate of 44 cents to the rupee.\n\nThis means an addition of about 25 per cent to the pay and places the Constable of the first class in a better position than the Asst. Warders of the 2nd class, and an Acting Sergeant of the 1st class in as good a position as Assistant Warder of the 1st class.\n\nThe result is that men are not attracted to the gaol staff from the Police as was the case before the Police received exchange compensation.\n\nAnd the effect on the Gaol staff is that English speaking candidates are not procurable for the posts of Assistant Warders.\n\nI have recently been obliged to promote to the",
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    },
    {
        "id": 366300,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 156,
        "title": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "155 \n\nthe rank of Asst. Warder, Guards who have no knowledge of \nEnglish. It is true I have done so on condition that they \nstudy English and pass an examination in due course to my \nsatisfaction. But it is doubtful whether they will be able \nto fulfil this condition.\n\n# \n\nIt is impossible for the Asst. Warders to properly discharge their duties without a knowledge of, at any rate, Colloquial English, and it is desirable that they should be able to read and write the language to some extent also. \n\nMy experience of the last seven months forces me to the conviction that except in rare cases, the pay of the Indian Gaol Staff will not attract the class of candidates that is required.\n\nCandidates offering themselves as Guards are not of a good stamp, and are much inferior in intellectual attainments and physique to the candidates that presented themselves when the pay of the Indian Police and the Indian Gaol Staff was more on an equality.\n\nI am therefore compelled in the interests of the Gaol Department to recommend that the Indian Gaol Staff be granted the privilege of remitting half their salary to India at the rate of 44 cents to the rupee.\n\nThis will entail an expenditure of some $1,800 per annum at the present rate of exchange.\n\nThe only way in which this extra expenditure can",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4].txt",
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    {
        "id": 367588,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-284 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 476,
        "title": "CO129-284 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG, 1897\n\n## COLONIAL REPORTS-ANNUAL\n\n### CLIMATE\n\nAs bearing on the above, the following particulars regarding the climate during the year under review may prove of interest. The average monthly temperature was 71.7° F., as compared with 72° F. during 1896. The maximum monthly temperature was attained in July when it reached 82.1° F., as compared with a maximum monthly temperature in the same month of the previous year 88.1° F.; the minimum monthly temperature was recorded in February, as in 1896, being 54.2° F., as compared with 53.1° F. The highest recorded temperature was 91.8° F. in the month of September, and the lowest was 41° F. in the month of February.\n\nThe total rainfall for the year was 100.03 inches, as compared with 71.78 inches during 1896, the wettest months being August with 25.55 inches and June with 23.355 inches, whilst the driest months were December with 0.48 inch and March with 0.815 inch of rain. No rainfall was recorded on 193 days of the year, as compared with 208 days during the previous year. The largest rainfall for the 24 hours during the year was 6.03 inches on the 28th June. The relative humidity of the atmosphere throughout the year was, approximately, 80 per cent.\n\nThe average daily amount of sunshine was 4.78 as compared with 4.8 hours in 1896. On 71 days only no sunshine was recorded.\n\n### SHIPPING AND TRADE\n\nThe shipping returns for the year are not quite so satisfactory as might be expected. The total tonnage entering and clearing amounted to 15,938,174, being a decrease of 577,779 tons as compared with the year 1896. British shipping shows an increase of 329 ships and a decrease of 489,528 tons. This numerical increase, with a tonnage decrease, is attributed to the number of small vessels which, since the opening of the West River in June last, have been plying on that route and increasing the number of entries and clearances without a proportionate increase of tonnage, whilst British ocean-going steamers show a decrease of 201 entries, aggregating 275,360 tons, the chief causes of which are attributable to the continued failure of the rice crop and the deflection of the Siamese rice trade owing to the plague and famine in India.\n\nForeign shipping, on the other hand, shows an increase of 263 ships, and of tonnage aggregating 280,731 tons, the shipping under the Japanese flag having been more than doubled since 1896, and showing an increase of 153,343 tons. German shipping, on the other hand, shows a decrease of 41,000 tons. Shipping under other foreign flags shows a more or less substantial increase, but there has been an appreciable falling off of vessels classified as \"Junks in Foreign Trade\" and \"Junks in Local Trade\" which is attributable, inter alia, to the failure of the Hong Kong rice crop and to the increased river steamer traffic.\n\n### TRADE\n\nThe trade of 1897 was on the whole unsatisfactory from a local point of view, and more especially in imports, which were adversely affected by the low rate of exchange and the scarcity of the circulating medium—factors which not only restricted business but greatly curtailed profits.\n\nIn cotton piece goods business opened dull, but improved; during the summer a healthier tone prevailed, transactions being above the average of recent years, due possibly to some stimulus derived from the opening of the West River in June, but later in the year an adverse exchange restricted demand, while at the close business came to a standstill owing to the extreme tightness of money. The result was a falling off in the volume of business as compared with 1896, and this was even more marked in the case of fancy and woollen goods.\n\nThe trade in English cotton yarns compared favourably with that of the preceding year, and is reported to have been profitable to dealers, but the margin of profit to importers was slender.\n\nCompared with the business transacted in 1896, the trade in Indian yarns must be pronounced as unfavourable. The prevalence of plague in Bombay, the prohibition of import into Tonkin during three months of the year, the violent fluctuation in rupee exchange, and the serious fall in the dollar prices of yarn during the final quarter of 1897 combined to check the import of the Indian product and promote that of its Japanese rival.\n\nIn metals and sundries a fair business was transacted although not very profitably to importers, the fluctuations of exchange and tightness of money serving to handicap operations.\n\nAlthough the import of foreign opium showed a slight increase over that of 1896, the trade in this commodity proved generally very unprofitable, chiefly on account of the unfavourable exchange between India and China. The native drug, owing to the high rates asked for the Indian product, is gradually but steadily replacing the latter in the Chinese markets.\n\nThe volume of the import of flour in 1897 was somewhat less than in the previous year (3,312,116 sacks, as against 3,831,499 sacks in 1896) consequent on the higher rates prevailing, but the trade was profitable to importers, who for the most part had bought forward at prices much lower than those ruling on delivery.\n\nThe trade in kerosine oil continues to show a steady increase, the import both in case and in bulk comparing favourably with that for 1896.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-284 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [7-8].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 367592,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-284 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 480,
        "title": "CO129-284 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "476 \n\n(4) \n\ncrease of tonnage, whilst British ocean-going steamers show a decrease of 201 entries aggregating 275,360 tons, the chief causes of which are attributable to the continued failure of the rice crop and the deflection of the Siamese rice trade owing to the plague and famine in India. \n\nForeign shipping, on the other hand, shows an increase of 263 ships and of tonnage aggregating 280,731 tons, the shipping under the Japanese flag having been more than doubled since 1896, and showing an increase of 153,343 tons. German shipping, on the other hand, shows a decrease of 11,000 tons. Shipping under other foreign flags shows a more or less substantial increase, but there has been an appreciable falling off of vessels classified as \"Junks in Foreign Trade\" and \"Junks in Local Trade\" which is attributable, inter alia, to the failure of the rice crop and to the increased river steamer traffic. \n\n## TRADE \n\nThe trade of 1897 was on the whole unsatisfactory from a local point of view, and more especially in imports, which were adversely affected by the low rate of exchange and the scarcity of the circulating medium—factors which not only restricted business but greatly curtailed profits. \n\nIn cotton piece goods business opened dull, but improved; during the summer a healthier tone prevailed, transactions being above the average of recent years, due possibly to some stimulus derived from the opening of the West River in June, but later in the year an adverse exchange restricted demand, while at the close business came to a standstill owing to the extreme tightness of money. The result was a falling off in the volume of business as compared with 1896, and this was even more marked in the case of fancy and woollen goods. \n\nThe trade in English cotton yarns compared favourably with that of the preceding year, and is reported to have been profitable to dealers, but the margin of profit to importers was slender. \n\nCompared with the business transacted in 1896, the trade in Indian yarns must be pronounced as unfavourable. The prevalence of plague in Bombay, the prohibition of import into Tonkin during three months of the year, the violent fluctuation in rupee exchange, and the serious fall in the dollar prices of yarn during the final quarter of 1897 combined to check the import of the Indian product and promote that of its Japanese rival. \n\nIn metals and sundries a fair business was transacted although not very profitably to importers, the fluctuations of exchange and tightness of money serving to handicap operations. \n\nAlthough the import of foreign opium showed a slight increase over that of 1896, the trade in this commodity proved generally very unprofitable, chiefly on account of the unfavourable exchange between India and China. The native drug, owing to the high rates asked for the Indian product, gradually but steadily replaced the latter in the Chinese markets. \n\nThe volume of the import of flour in 1897 was somewhat less than in the previous year (3,312,116 sacks as against 3,831,499 sacks in 1896) consequent on the higher rates prevailing, but the trade was profitable to importers, who for the most part had bought forward at prices much lower than those ruling on delivery. \n\nThe trade in kerosine oil continues to show a steady increase, the import both in case and in bulk comparing favourably with that for 1896. \n\nA considerable development was apparent in the coal trade in 1897, the import of between 700,000 and 800,000 tons being larger than in any preceding year. Prices rose steadily throughout the year and have continued appreciating during the current year. \n\nSince the opening of the West River to foreign trade on the 3rd June last, regular communication has been established, and it is hoped that this new outlet will, in course of time, prove of considerable advantage to the commercial interests of the Colony. \n\n## PUBLIC PEACE AND GOOD ORDER \n\nThe criminal statistics for the year may be regarded as satisfactory, although they do not compare favourably with those for 1896. Owing to the diminished population during that year on account of the plague epidemic, there is the important factor of an increased population since 1895 to be taken into consideration, and a comparison with the latter year is therefore a more reliable indication of improvement in this direction. \n\nThe total number of cases reported to the Police in 1895 was 13,376 and in 1897 9,629. In the former year, however, 10,608 were of a minor nature leaving 2,767 serious cases as against 2,896 serious cases in 1897. Whilst therefore the year 1897 compares more than favourably with 1895 as regards minor offences, it shows an increase of 129 cases of more serious crimes. \n\nIt is unnecessary here to make more than a passing reference to the grave irregularities which were discovered in the Police Force during the year or to make further remark than that apparently long-standing abuse of authority has been revealed and that the most stringent measures have been taken to suppress further irregularities of this nature.\n\n## CONCLUSION \n\nThere is but little to add to the particulars given above regarding the year 1897, which was of an exceptionally uneventful nature. In his previous despatches Sir W. ROBINSON has fully reviewed the general progress of the Colony during his tenure of office—financially, commercially, and socially—that I have been content to limit this despatch within the somewhat narrow limits of statistics. I remark, however, that during my term of office here as General Officer Commanding, my observation has convinced me of the Colony's present prosperity and future possibilities. \n\nI have the honour to be  \nYour most obedient,  \nhumble Servant,  \nMark  \nMajor General,  \nAdministering the Government.\n\nPage 480  \nPage 481",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-284 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [7-8].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 368121,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]",
        "page_number": 530,
        "title": "CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10]",
        "content_text": "( \n\nD \n\n513 \n\n523 \n\n) have given evidence since my arrival here, that my duties are not performed in a perfunctory manner. I admit that I was disappointed to find that I was pecuniarly worse off here than in the position I relinquished in Kandy, taking into consideration the depreciation of the dollar as compared with the depreciation of the Rupee, and the cost of living in this Colony as compared with Ceylon.\n\n5. I am quite aware that my whole time is at the disposal of Government, in my past service of nearly 33 years this is the first time I have been reminded of the fact.\n\n6. Work on the Praya Reclamation is now going on smoothly and satisfactorily; in the present state of the work, I think it unnecessary and undesirable to appoint a Special Engineer, and I beg to ask that paragraph 12 of my letter No.358 of the 18th July may be considered cancelled.\n\nI have, &c., \n\n**(Sd.) R.D. ORMSBY**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-285 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [9-10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 370764,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-290 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 365,
        "title": "CO129-290 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "C.O. 10050/358\n\nRECEIVED & ENCLOSURE 1\n\nR 22 APR 9\n\nMINUTE BY THE SUPT. OF VICTORIA GAOL.\n\nHon. Acting Col. Secretary.\n\nIt is now 12 months since I recommended in C.S.O.120/98 that the Indian Staff in this Gaol should be granted the privilege of remitting half their pay to India at the exchange of 44 cents to the rupee, a privilege that is enjoyed by the Indian Police and by all the Indian Troops in the Colony.\n\nI reverted to the same subject in June and again in September of last year, but still no decision has been arrived at on this important question.\n\nIn June I pointed out that recruiting for the Gaol Staff was at a standstill, and that the pay of our Indian Warders was below the market rate for Indian labour in the Far East.\n\nRecruiting was subsequently rendered more easy after the Indian Staff had been informed that the question of granting them the privilege referred to, was under the consideration of the Secretary of State, and at the present moment I am fortunate in having the Indian Staff up to its full strength, but I have been obliged to engage practically any Indian who offered his services, and I have several men whom I would not keep if I could replace them.\n\nThere",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-290 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [1-4].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 370766,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-290 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 367,
        "title": "CO129-290 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "ENCLOSURE 2\n\nMINUTE BY THE SUPT. OF VICTORIA GAOL.\n\nC.O.\n\n10050/360\n\nRec 22 APR 19\n\nHon. Acting Col. Secretary.\n\nIn view of the fact that the Secretary of State in approving the Estimates for 1899 has not sanctioned the grant of the privilege of remittance of half pay at 44 cents to the rupee to the Indian Gaol Staff, I have the honour to respectfully ask that His Excellency the Governor will take the question into his consideration, and will, if His Excellency arrives at the conclusion that the privilege ought to be granted, address the Secretary of State for the Colonies on the subject at an early date.\n\nIn my annual report for 1898, which is now in your hands, I have adverted to the less satisfactory maintenance of discipline in 1898 than in 1897, and I have mentioned the constant changes in the Indian Gaol Staff as one of the contributing causes.\n\nI might adduce the fact, in support of that contention, that during the month of June the Indian Gaol Staff, the establishment of which is 44 men, was no less than 11 men, or one fourth short, and that I was put to such straits to carry on the work of the gaol that, having a condemned prisoner to provide a day and night watch for (in accordance with the regulations), I had to get 3 Indian Constables temporarily appointed Warders to enable me to provide the watch,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-290 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [1-4].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 371326,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-291 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 75,
        "title": "CO129-291 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "COPY.\n\nENCLOSURE 2.\n\nC.O.\n\n14152\n\nRECR\n\nIR E JUN\n\n74\n\nMINUTE BY THE CAPTAIN SUPT. OF POLICE.\n\nHon. Colonial Secretary.\n\nJ\n\n200 rupees to the 100 dollars does not at first sight seem an unreasonable rate to fix now if due notice is given to all new recruits, but I beg to point out that the Indian Force has twice recently almost struck for more pay once in 1896 when they claimed the privilege of remittance at 44 cents to the rupee, and again last summer when they asked for an increase of pay on general grounds.\n\nThe pay and pensions of the Hong-Kong Indian Police, Shanghai Indian Police and the Hong-Kong Regiment as also of the Singapore Indian Police were compared in C.O. 1669(1) of 98, and the emoluments of the Hong-Kong Indian Police are less than those of the Shanghai Indian Force and the comparison with those of the Hong-Kong Regiment is not more in favour of the Police than it ought to be considering the more arduous and responsible duties of a Policeman.\n\nI cannot therefore recommend that the pensions of the Police should now be reduced.\n\nI submit that the pay, &c., of the Hong-Kong Indian Police should not be compared with the rates in Singapore and Ceylon, but with the rates obtaining in similar Forces in the Far East. The same remark applies to the Indian Gaol Staff which",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-291 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [5-6].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 377266,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-300 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 362,
        "title": "CO129-300 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "# 359\n\nYour Petitioners humbly and respectfully submit that: these rates of pay are under existing circumstances wholly inadequate.\n\n4. The rate of Exchange on $100, formerly 235 rupees, or 2 rupees and 4 annas to the dollar, is now only 144 rupees for $100 or 1 rupee and 6 annas to the dollar.\n\n5. Your Petitioners have wives, children or other relatives depending on them in India. There is a great famine now raging in that country, and owing to the current rate of exchange being so low, your Petitioners are unable to send their wives, children or other relatives money sufficient for their support. If your Petitioners did remit sufficient money home, they will not have enough money left to purchase here in Hongkong the necessaries of life for themselves.\n\n6. Your Petitioners are not allowed any exchange compensation by the Government, although this privilege is granted to members of other Departments of the Civil Service. For instance the members of the Indian Police force, men of the same class, and performing similar duties to your Petitioners, are allowed 2 rupees and 4 annas in exchange on 1 dollar, although the current rate of exchange is only 1 rupee and 6 annas to the dollar.\n\n7.\n\n8. The price of provisions and the necessaries of life were formerly very low, now the price of food has increased at least 50% on the former price: No quarters are allowed for the married members of the Indian Assistant Warders and Guards of the Gaol, and owing to the great increase in house rents of recent years, and which are still increasing, they are unable to bring their wives and families to the Colony.\n\n9. Although...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-300 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [7-9].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 378320,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-302 - Public Offices - 1900",
        "page_number": 136,
        "title": "CO129-302 - Public Offices - 1900",
        "content_text": "insurance from London to the Straits on commodities is understood, 3¾ per cent; from San Francisco to Calcutta it is 6¾ percent, and thence to the Straits 1¾ percent, a total charge of 5¾ percent against 3¾ percent.\n\nIt appears to me hardly obvious to answer the composite question that this extra expense will more than counterbalance any economy by buying silver in California. I may add that the fact that during last year £7,700,000 worth of silver was exported from London to the East, while $757,000 was sent from San Francisco, seems to support this argument.\n\nDRAFT MINUTE\n\nAntrobus.\nLugas.\nGraham.\nE. Wingfield.\nLord Selborne.\nChamberlain.\nLucas\n\nSporting conjecture, for we know nothing certain about the likelihood of rupee coinage in India on a large scale.\n\n22/2\n\nYes CPK\n\nI cannot afford to pay any additional freight that may result from buying silver in the California market.\n\n4. As regards the third argument put forward by Mr Thomson, I observe that whilst it is true that the Royal Mint is not always able to supply silver coins for shipment to Hong Kong at the required dates, it is not clear that the remedy for this defect is found in entrusting this coinage...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-302 - Public Offices - 1900.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 378444,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-302 - Public Offices - 1900",
        "page_number": 260,
        "title": "CO129-302 - Public Offices - 1900",
        "content_text": "## CROWN AGENTS FOR THE COLONIES\n\nALL COMMUNICATIONS TO BE ADDRESSED TO THE CROWN AGENTS FOR THE COLONIES.\n\nDOWNING STREET, LONDON.\n4th December 1900.\n\n**Security for Note Issue.**\n\nHong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to enclose, in original to be returned, a letter which we have received from the Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation requesting us to release from the securities deposited with us against the Note Issue of the Bank:\n\n1. £68,000. 2¼% Consols in exchange for £75,000 2% Greek Guaranteed Loan.\n2. Rs.10,00,000 3½% Rupee Paper in exchange for Rs.9,75,000 Bombay Improvement Trust 4% Loan\n\nThe Greek Loan is that which is guaranteed by this country, France, and Russia, and the Bombay Improvement Trust Loan is issued under an Act passed by the Government of India which in effect makes the Government of India responsible for the raising of the Loan and for payment of the Interest and Sinking Fund, see sections 52, 56, and 80-82.\n\nThese securities would therefore appear to be such as can properly be accepted and we propose, with the Secretary of State's approval, to proceed with the exchange desired by the Bank.\n\nI have the honour to be, Sir,\n\nYour Obedient Servant,\n\nColonial Office.\n\nEder Secretary of State,\n&c &c &c \n\n39433 \n1 253 \n\nG19309 \n1580/95 \n8u7/12 \nNov:1900 \n\n`XCR(85)72` is not present, however `G19309`, `1580/95`, and `8u7/12` are file references.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-302 - Public Offices - 1900.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 379192,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "page_number": 145,
        "title": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "content_text": "## TREASURY CHAMBERS, 12 December 1900\n\nIn reply to Mr Lucas's letter of the 7th instant (`39483/1900`) I am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to state, for the information of Mr Secretary Chamberlain, that They see no objection to permitting the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank to make the proposed substitution (1) of £75,000 2½% Greek Guaranteed Loan for £68,000 Consols and (2) of Rs 9,75,000 4% Bombay Improvement Trust Loan of 1899 for Rs 10,00,000 3¾% Rupee Paper, in the securities held by the Crown Agents for the Colonies against the Bank's Note Issue.\n\nMy Lords understand the Bombay Improvement Loan to be guaranteed by the Government of India.\n\nAs regards the general question of changes in the securities held by the Crown Agents against the issue of this Bank and that of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, My Lords will be content to allow any of the securities held to be replaced without special reference to this Board (1) by stocks in which Trustees are authorized by Parliament to invest or (2) by Bonds to Bearer issued by any Government or Corporation whose stock is a Trustee security or (3) by Rupee securities of the Government of India; subject to the proviso that the securities...\n\nUnder Secretary of State  \nColonial Office  \n2",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 380623,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 152,
        "title": "CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "Despatch No. 75 of the 5th March last, showed that there was $1,878,000 worth of subsidiary deposit in the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, and that the subsequent return enclosed in your despatch No. 143 of the 10th ultimo showed that this deposit had slightly increased.\n\n2. It appeared to me, therefore, that it might be desirable to make some reduction in the programme submitted in your despatch of the 9th March: and as I understood that the purchase of silver for the required roughly £145 was not yet complete, I directed the C.A. to take no further steps in the matter and telegraphed to you on the 17th instant enquiring whether the requisition should not be reduced in amount unless the subsidiary mint deposit had been materially lessened.\n\n3. In view, however, of your telegram of the 23rd instant regarding the proposed reduction in the rupee, I have now informed the C.A. that they may proceed with the requisition as originally sent home.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 381571,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 284,
        "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "39.35.00\n\nan acre.\n\n282\n\n(3).\n\nDifficulties of ground even in the plains, (out-turn will increase steadily).\n\n(4.) Re-survey owing to errors (not much). Re-survey owing to re-demarcation (altogether I should say 1,000 acres).\n\n(5). Very expensive labour.\n\n(3).\n\nHigh pay for Field Surveyors compared with India.\n\nCompare:-\n\nSurvey of the Nilgiris, 444 square miles = 234,130 acres.\n\nCost without labour £103,000.\n\nLabour, say about one-third £35,300.\n\n£138,300 = 10s. an acre (or about 28 cents).\n\nIt is very apparent that if the Cadastral Survey is to be extended beyond the best district, the Colony must be prepared for a very heavy expenditure of money. About 2-1/2 years ago we were given rough estimates made in a guarded manner by Officers of the Indian Survey Department on very insufficient data.\n\nOne of these estimates amounts to 1 Rupee per acre, or say more. 933,400 Rupees for the whole Colony. It was pointed out, however, that these estimates were founded on Burmah rates in a comparatively un-enclosed country, and that in the Straits, where prices are so high we could not expect a native Field Surveyor to work for the same salary as a coolie labourer. Moreover, survey for assessment is a very different thing to survey for title, and the Indian limit of error of 1/100 would be prohibitory in the Straits Settlements.\n\nThe last estimate made by Mr. Lawson, with the experience which he has gained of the Straits, is $900,000 exclusive of the Towns, and this he qualifies by saying that this amount is subject to increases of salary which must sometimes be given. If he proceeded at the present rate, a Cadastral Survey of the Settlements (if finally adopted) would not be done for four times this amount, but I believe his first outlay is exceptionally heavy and that his estimate would not turn out to be far wrong. If anything, however, it is too small.\n\nSingapore, July 1883.\n\n(S.) H. M. McCallum, Major, R.E.,\n\nSurveyor-General, S.S.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 384072,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-309 - Public Offices & Others - 1901",
        "page_number": 608,
        "title": "CO129-309 - Public Offices & Others - 1901",
        "content_text": "more than 362==\n\n60\n\n12\n\n10000\n\n1.6. Rs. 6027.77.\n\naccordingly,\n\nI have\n\nwhat suited the Ceylon service.\n\nI pay his Ceylon pension at that rate at 21-\n\nthe rupee\n\n5. I should be glad to know whether Near my subordinate offices of the Ceylon service in Similar positions, whose pensions have been calculated without any addition of Years under section 24. If so, it will be necessary for their pensions to be recalculated.\n\nAtle\n\n2.\n\nHotel Metropole\n\nGOJ\n\nSanta Margherita, Ligure Italy\n\nDec. 15 1902\n\nTo The Under Secretary of Colonial Office.\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your Letter No 45547/1901 of the 8th Instant, and to express my thanks to the Secretary of State for having considered, and caused the necessary correction to be made in the amount of my pension from Ceylon.\n\nThe total amount now granted to me is what I had hoped for, and am quite satisfied with it.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nYour obedient servant,\n\nLate W.W. Houghton.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-309 - Public Offices & Others - 1901.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 388394,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-316 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 570,
        "title": "CO129-316 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "556\n\n11.\n\nlanded interests and all relating thereto.\n\nAs regards the question of payment for export from China, Mr. Osborne admits the danger of a drain of our gold coinage and suggests that this may be avoided by the use of gold certificates to be issued against a gold reserve in London.\n\nIt appears to me that if this proposal is acted upon it can have but one result. No coin will be available in redemption of gold certificates when presented, the consequence being a depreciated paper currency. How such a state of affairs can be an improvement on our present silver coinage with, it is admitted, a declining and uncertain value I fail to understand.\n\nI do not altogether follow Mr. Playfair's argument that as our Official Expenditure is in gold (salaries, public debt etc.) our revenue should be so also. The Colony fortunately has only a small gold loan equal to about one year's revenue, and so long as the wise policy of keeping down the gold debt is adhered to there need be no very great fear as to the difficulty of balancing the budget.\n\nThe revenue of the Colony is without doubt a delicate plant requiring constant and watchful care.\n\nSupposing that the Indian scheme of a fixed value for the rupee is a success (which perhaps is not yet altogether proved) this was only undertaken because of the dire distress of the \n\nPage 570\nPage 571 \n\nAt",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-316 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [1-4].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 389165,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 68,
        "title": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "see par. four of Committee's Report. See also last par. but one of our letter to I.O. on `16723`.\n\nAs to the rate of Commission, 2 per cent is reasonable, and we have already acquiesced in it. It is true that by special representations we have obtained a rate of 1 per cent for our initial supply of Straits dollars, but that was partly because the British dollar will still be coined at 1 per cent pending the expiration of the six months' notice required to terminate the existing agreement. It is probable that we shall have to pay 2 per cent in future for the Straits dollar, though that point is not yet definitely settled.\n\nWe cannot think of a Mint at Hong Kong for coining British dollars at less than 2 per cent. If it would cost far more.\n\nFor the reasons given in `14840/91` and minutes thereon we ought not to consider the question of re-establishing a Mint at Hong Kong, unless we find by experience that the Indian Mints cannot turn out a sufficient supply of British dollars.\n\n? send copy of desp. with dupl. encl. to I.O. and ask them to obtain from India a report on the probable capacity of the Bombay Mint to cope with demands for British dollars in the future, having regard to the rupee requirements and the requirements for the Straits (as to which the Govt. of India have already some estimates).\n\n`Su 21039`\n\nAnd inform Gov. of H.K. accordingly, saying that we do not anticipate any difficulties in supplying British dollars.\n\nI submit draft for coming **ARC 25/5 C.P.L. 27**. \n\n67",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 389168,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 71,
        "title": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "# COPY\n\nThe Honourable  \n**F. H. May, C.M.G.,**  \nSir.  \n\nColonial Secretary.  \n\nHongkong, 6th July, 1903.\n\n37709 | REC!! Rest 17 AUG 23\n\nWe have the honour to inform you that the under-mentioned Banks received notice on 10th ultimo of the termination of the agreement made on 14th December, 1894, between them, and the Secretary of State in Council of India, for the coinage of British Dollars at the Indian Mints at a seignorage of 1%.\n\nThe said agreement was subject to 6 months' notice and therefore terminates on 10th December, 1903.\n\nThe Secretary of State in Council of India states:- \n\"That the Government of India propose to raise the seignorage to 2% in future.  \nMoreover, they anticipate that the re-coinage of Rupees issued in the years 1840 to 1862, which are being steadily withdrawn from circulation, will provide work for the Mints for some years to come, and that they will from time to time have to undertake fresh coinage from bullion in order to maintain the volume of the Rupee currency; and they therefore desire further to modify the agreement so as to provide explicitly that the coinage of Rupees shall, whenever necessary, have precedence over the coinage of British Dollars.  \nShould it be decided in accordance with the recommendation of the Straits Settlements Currency Committee, to issue a special dollar for use in that Colony, it is probable that the new coin will be manufactured at the Indian Mints. In that case priority will be given to the Straits dollar as well as to the Rupee, over the British dollar\".\n\nWe now wish to bring to your notice that in our opinion",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 389169,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 72,
        "title": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "## opinion this attitude on the part of the Government of India would not only result in great inconvenience to the trade of this Colony, but would be almost certain to lead at times to serious contraction of currency, and on occasion might bring about a grave financial crisis.\n\nIt is seldom possible to foresee actual requirements a long way ahead, and with the Rupee and the Straits new dollar having priority, it is readily conceivable that silver bullion deposited in the Indian Mints for coinage into British Dollars might be subject to indefinite delay at a time when coin was urgently required in Hong-kong.\n\nIt is true the Mexican dollar is also legal tender by weight of Taels 0.717 = 1,000 Hong Kong dollars and it is quite possible it may be available in sufficient quantity for some time, but its supply is governed by the balance of trade in Mexico, and experience has proved that it cannot be relied on with any degree of certainty. Moreover the Government of Mexico are at present considering the question of changing the basis of their currency, and if this should be carried out the coinage of the present Mexican dollar will cease, so that it is not safe to depend on relief from that quarter.\n\nIn view of the fact that this Colony is entirely dependent on outside sources for its supply of currency, we trust you may be able to make such representations to the Government of India as may lead them to reconsider their intention of giving priority to both India and the Straits, in order that Silver deposited for coinage into British Dollars may continue to be minted within reasonable time, and also to appeal to them to modify their present proposal to double the seignorage.\n\nWe venture to think that this small concession to the needs of this Colony will not greatly inconvenience the Indian Mints as owing to the demonetization of the British dollar in the Straits, the amount of Silver deposited for coinage is not likely to be ...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 389171,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 74,
        "title": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "# \n\nThe Honourable \n\nM. H. Wray, C.M.G., \n\nColonial Secretary. \n\nSir, \n\nHongkong, 8th July, 1908.\n\nWe have the honour to inform you that the undermentioned banks received notice on 10th ultimo of the termination of the agreement made on 14th December, 1894, between them and the Secretary of State in Council of India, for the coinage of British Dollars at the Indian Mints at a seignorage of 19.\n\nThe said agreement was subject to 2 months' notice and therefore terminates on 10th December, 1903.\n\nThe Secretary of State in Council of India states:- \n\"That the Government of India propose to raise the seignorage to 27 in future. \nMoreover, they anticipate that the re-coinage of Rupees issued in the years 1840 to 1882, which are being steadily withdrawn from circulation, will provide work for the Mints for some years to come, and that they will from time to time have to undertake fresh coinage from bullion in order to maintain the volume of the Rupee currency; and they therefore desire further to modify the agreement so as to provide explicitly that the coinage of Rupees shall, whenever necessary, have precedence over the coinage of British Dollars.\n\n\"Should it be decided in accordance with the recommendation of the Straits Settlements Currency Committee, to issue a special dollar for use in that Colony, it is probable that the new coin will be manufactured at the Indian Mints. In that case priority will be given to the Straits dollar as well as to the Rupee, over the British dollar\".\n\nWe now wish to bring to your notice that in our opinion",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 389172,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 75,
        "title": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "## A03190\n\n\n74 \n\nIn my opinion this attitude on the part of the Government of India would not only result in great inconvenience to the trade of this Colony, but would be almost certain to lead at times to serious contraction of currency, and on occasion might bring about a grave financial crisis. It is seldom possible to foresee actual requirements a long way ahead, and with the Rupee and the Straits new dollar having priority, it is readily conceivable that silver bullion deposited in the Indian mints for coinage into British Dollars might be subject to indefinite delay at a time when coin was urgently required in Hong-Kong.\n\nIt is true the Mexican dollar is also legal tender by weight, 417.17 grains = 1,000 Hongkong dollars and it is quite possible it may be available in sufficient quantity for some time, but its supply is governed by the balance of trade in Mexico and experience has proved that it cannot be relied on with any degree of certainty. Moreover the Government of Mexico are at present considering the question of changing the basis of their currency, and if this should be carried out the coinage of the present Mexican dollar will cease, so that it is not safe to depend on remittances from that quarter.\n\nIn view of the fact that this Colony is entirely dependent on outside sources for its supply of currency, I trust you may be able to make such representations to the Government of India as may lead them to reconsider their intention of giving priority to both India and the Straits, in order that silver deposited for coinage into British Dollars may continue to be minted within reasonable time, and also to appeal to them to modify their present proposal to double the seignorage.\n\nI venture to think that this small concession to the needs of this Colony will not greatly inconvenience the Indian Mints as owing to the demonetization of the British dollar in the Straits, the amount of silver deposited for coinage is not likely to be...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 389174,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 77,
        "title": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "# 5070w/103 \n\n**Hong Zong Cont.**\n\n**Mov. Sir H.Blake**\n\nSir,\n\n|  | 76 | 28 | 105 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Mr. Collins |  |  |  |\n| Mr. Lucas | 278 |  |  |\n\n*Drafts for conson.*\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your confidential despatch of the 18th ult., on the subject of the coinage of British dollars. You will have observed from the letter from the Government of India enclosed in my confidential despatch of the 22nd of May that the requirements of the rupee currency have in the past been placed before the demand for British dollars, and in this respect it is only proposed under the new Agreement to provide expressly for the continuance of the past practice. As regards the priority of the new Straits Settlements dollars, it is not expected that the demands for this coinage will be very large except during the initial period, and as pointed out by the Managers of the banks in the letter which accompanied your despatch, the proposed demonetization of the British dollar in the Straits is likely to prevent any large demand for the coinage of British dollars for some time to come. Moreover, there appears to have been a considerable over-demand for British dollars at the Indian Mint (see last paragraph of the letter from the...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 389177,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 80,
        "title": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "## The U.S. of S.\n1.0. 3070%/Hong Kong 79 44\n\nMr. Collins  \nMr. Lucas  \n2 drafts for conson  \nSw, H.K  \nt for, H.K.  \n22/1949  \n16657  \n16 July  \n3070  \n(Suplicat. mel, attached) Sy Cup,  \nS. Cary, 28 Ay,  \nDraft her with  \n96030  \nsir,  \n28 Aug. 1803.\n\nWith ref. to your letter F.2756 of the 7th of May, and to the reply from this Office of the 9th of May, I am directed by Mr. Sec. Chamb. to transmit to you, to be laid before Lord George Hamilton, copy of corresp. with the Gov. of Hong Kong on the subject of the proposed new Agreement with the banks for the coinage of British dollars in India.\n\nMr. Chamb. would be obliged if His Lordship would kindly obtain a report from the Govt. of India as to the probable capacity of the Bombay Mint to cope with demands for British dollars in the future, having regard to the requirements of the rupee coinage, and also to the requirements of the new S.S. dollar, as to which the Govt. of India has been in direct corresp. with the Gov. of the Colony.\n\nI am so.  \nCP2.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 391009,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-320 - Governor Sir Blake Acting Governor May - 1903 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 562,
        "title": "CO129-320 - Governor Sir Blake Acting Governor May - 1903 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "It is requested that in any further communication on this subject the undermentioned letter and number may be quoted, and the reply addressed to-- \n\nThe Under Secretary of State for India, \n\nIndia Office, \n\nF.6874. \n\nDated 12th September 03. \n\nSir, \n\nWhitehall, \n\nLondon, S.W. \n\n10 21204 \n\n35512 \n\nIndia Office, \n\nJRECH Whitchall, SEP 03 556 \n\nA \n\nLondon, S.W. \n\n24th September 1903. \n\nWith reference to the letter from this Office No. F.6475 dated 5th instant, and previous correspondence, I am directed to forward for the information of Mr. Secretary Chamberlain a copy of a telegram from the Viceroy regarding the capacity of the Indian Mints to cope with demands for British dollars in the future, having regard to the requirements of the rupee coinage, and also to the requirements of the new Straits dollar. \n\nIt will be seen that the Government of India estimate that they will probably be able in the future to meet the demand for the coinage of British Straits dollars notwithstanding the priority to be given to Indian rupees; but they decline to give a definite undertaking to this effect. \n\nI am to add that the substance of the Viceroy's telegram is being communicated to the Banks by this Office; I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient Servant, \n\nForen Webster \n\nUnder Secretary of State, \n\nColonial Office.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-320 - Governor Sir Blake Acting Governor May - 1903 [11-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 397924,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 414,
        "title": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "407 \n\n10 \n\narrangement would pay much less than it pays now, but the amount would be paid in duties to the Government, and not in squeezes, bribes, and blackmail. The advantages to be gained are---\n\n1. Security and cheapness of carriage; and \n2. That the exports of West Yünnan would flow out by the same channel along which the imports flow in.\n\nIn view of the appreciation of the rupee and the fluctuations of silver, this would be a very great advantage.\n\nFinally, even if any ill effects are likely to result to the Indian opium trade (which I do not admit), it must be remembered that precisely the same results would arise from the export of opium by another easy, safe, and cheap route over which India has no control, namely, the French Red River route, which will in a few years have the additional advantage of a railway.\n\nTherefore, as Burmah has no power to stop or even diminish the output of the Yünnan drug (for every pound of it that wants to go east goes even under present conditions), it would seem advisable to permit it to follow its natural route, and that by which it will be of the greatest use to our import trade. To prohibit it seems to be a policy which has all the disadvantages and none of the advantages of protection in its worst form.\n\nI would request you to regard this as confidential, except so far as the Government of Burmah is concerned.\n\n11 \n\nAt my last interview with the Viceroy, he intimated that he would be prepared to reopen the question in a year or so, when he will be better informed of the views of His Majesty's Minister and the Government of India.\n\nJune 5, 1902.\n\nIndorsement by Major J. J. Cronin, Deputy Commissioner, Bhamo.\n\nForwarded.\n\nJune 10, 1902.\n\nIndorsement by G. W. Shaw, Esq., I.C.S., Commissioner of the Mandalay Division.\n\nSubmitted.\n\nInclosure 10 in No. 1.\n\n**Note and Draft Rules** framed by H. L. Tilly, Esq., Collector of Customs, Rangoon, for Regulating the Transport in bond of Yunnan Opium from Tengyueh to Hong Kong and Shanghae.\n\nInclosure 9 in No. 1.\n\nConsul Litton to Government of Burmah.\n\nYunnan-fu, May 8, 1902.\n\nREFERRING to my despatch of February last, submitting for consideration a suggestion that West Yünnan opium might be permitted to pass through Burmah in bond en route to Canton or Shanghae, I have the honour to report that by request of the Tengyueh merchants, I addressed a despatch to the Viceroy of Yunnan on the matter, which I have also verbally discussed with the Treasurer of Yunnan. Unfortunately, there are difficulties which I could not foresee at Tengyueh, and even if your Government is inclined to regard the proposal with favour, it cannot be carried through without strong pressure from the Foreign Office and His Majesty's Minister.\n\nI am of opinion that until the Tengyueh Customs are in full working order, it will not be advisable to press the question.\n\nIn his reply to my despatch, the Viceroy states that he fully recognizes that my proposal is calculated to develop trade, but he cannot consent to it because-\n\n1. The Treaty forbids the export of opium to Burmah.\n2. The Customs would tax it as Indian opium.\n3. Other provinces besides Yünnan depend on the li-kin on passing Yunnan opium, which they would lose if the drug went round by sea.\n\nObjections (1) and (2) consist in begging the question, as the gist of my despatch was a request that his Excellency should co-operate in a proposal to modify the Treaty and Customs Regulations. As regards (3), the picture of the Yunnan officials refraining from adopting a measure which would benefit their own province out of an altruistic regard for the interests of another province, is in the best vein of Chinese comedy.\n\nThe real reasons for the provincial opposition to my proposal are--\n\n1. The gentry of Yunnan-fu, who are very powerful and corrupt, are against any measure which will tend to decrease the number of opium caravans passing through the capital, because they levy exactions on such caravans.\n2. Only about 250,000 taels of opium li-kin revenue are now accounted for in the Provincial Budget. A far larger amount must be received, and the difference goes into the officials' pockets. To put the trade under the supervision of the Tengyueh Customs would introduce a system of accounts, checks, and regularity, which the Mandarin abominates.\n\nI am still of opinion that my proposal, if it could be adopted, would be of very great benefit to the Burmah-China trade.\n\n**Note.**\n\nTHE object of the Rules is two-fold-first, the Officer of Chinese Customs at the eastern port must be satisfied of the identity of the opium with that passed out by the Chinese Customs at Tengyueh, and, secondly, there must be no leakage of Yunnan opium into Burmah.\n\nThe conditions of the route are—\n\n| Condition | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) | A land journey of 180 miles (which will take fifteen days when the road is in good order) from Tengyueh to Bhamo. |\n| (b) | A bonded warehouse and Customs supervision at Bhamo. |\n| (c) | Transit by the steamers of the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company to Rangoon. |\n| (d) | A bonded warehouse and Customs supervision at Rangoon. |\n| (e) | Transit by steamer of the British India Steam Navigation Company to Hong Kong, and, if necessary, transhipment to Shanghae. |\n\n(It will be necessary to send the opium from Tengyueh to Bhamo under charge of a military police escort, which should start at regular intervals of, say, a fortnight or a month.)\n\n(If ordinary merchants are allowed to travel with the convoy, it will be an immense encouragement to trade along that route.)\n\nThe proposal of the Government of India to open a bonded warehouse at Bhamo, which would necessarily be in charge of a Customs officer, is, for the purpose of these Rules, treated as an accomplished fact.\n\nThe Manager of the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company states that the Company is willing to give a receipt for the opium at Bhamo and to deliver it on the steamer at Rangoon, taking all the responsibility. It will be placed in the strong-room and treated in the same manner as treasure. The charge for freight should be paid by Government and recovered with all other Burmah charges at Rangoon before the opium is shipped for China.\n\nThe agent for the British India Steam Navigation Company states that they are willing to take the opium to Hong Kong and to assume responsibility for any loss—that is, to pay the value.\n\nTheir charge for freight is ad valorem, and they are accustomed to dealing with opium, so their proposals may be accepted. They do not call at Shanghae.\n\nA Syndicate of Chinese merchants has been formed for the purpose of exporting Yunnan opium to Hong Kong and Shanghae. I have shown the draft Rules to one of the leading members. He admits that they will meet the requirements. He states that if merchants are allowed to accompany the opium escort, the trade with Yunnan will at once double itself. He tried hard to persuade me to recommend the transport of...",
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    },
    {
        "id": 397925,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 415,
        "title": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "408 \n\n12 \n\nThe opium from Rangoon to Kong Kong and Shanghae by the regular Chinese steamers. \n\nI am unable to do so, because the supercargo on a Chinese steamer is practically independent of the captain and can make any arrangement he chooses about the disposal of the cargo. \n\nThe Chinese are quite clever enough, if they have plenty of time and space, to substitute Indian opium for that of Yunnan without in any way altering the gross weight of the box or touching the seals. \n\nThey might do this in order to escape the higher Chinese import duty on Indian opium, and they could bring back the abstracted Yunnan stuff for sale in Burmah. \n\nOpium for Shanghae. I find that the best plan will be to tranship this at Hong Kong, and I have asked the British India Steam Navigation Company to quote a through rate from Rangoon to Shanghae which I expect they will do. \n\n## Draft Rules \n\n### Rule 1\nThe opium shall be packed in cases or boxes of the pattern prescribed by the Collector of Customs at Tengyueh.\n\n**Note**: It is of considerable importance that the boxes should all be of a uniform size and appearance. Of a uniform size, so that the rates of freight may be agreed upon with the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company and the British India Steam Navigation Company, and that these Companies may adapt or build strong-rooms to suit the size. The appearance of the box should be distinct from that used for Indian opium. The size will probably be such that two boxes will constitute a full load for a mule; this is also a convenient weight for handling by coolies.\n\n### Rule 2\nEach box is to contain the standard weight of opium prescribed by the Collector of Customs at Tengyueh.\n\n**Note**: It is not necessary to point out the necessity for adopting a fixed weight as is done in India.\n\n### Rule 3\nEach box shall, after examination of its contents by the Collector of Customs at Tengyueh, be closed in his presence and secured with wire and leaden seals, and be numbered on one end. The gross weight shall be painted in pounds and ounces. The figures to be 1.4 inches high.\n\n### Rule 4\nThe pattern of these seals shall be varied from year to year.\n\n### Rule 5\nThe particulars of each box shall be entered against its number in a register to be kept by the Collector of Customs at Tengyueh in the form shown in `Appendix A`.\n\n### Rule 6\nThe name and address of the consignee shall be marked on the top or bottom of the box. The ends of the box shall be kept free for the Customs marks.\n\n### Rule 7\nOn dispatch of a consignment to Bhamo the Collector of Customs at Tengyueh shall forward a copy of the entries concerning it in his Register A to the Customs officers concerned, at (a) the ultimate port of destination, (b) Rangoon, (c) Bhamo.\n\n### Rule 8\nThree copies of a way-bill showing the total number of cases and the number of each case will be made out. One will be given to the officer of military police in charge of the convoy, who will deliver it with the opium at Bhamo where the Customs officer will, when satisfied that every box has arrived, write on it acquittance in full or in part, and return it to the officer in charge of the military police. A second copy will be sent by post to the Customs Officer at Bhamo for comparison with the copy handed to him by the officer of military police. The third copy will be signed at Tengyueh by the officer of military police and will be retained by the Customs there as the receipt of the officer of military police for the opium taken by convoy. The way-bill will be in the form shown in `Appendix B`.\n\n### Rule 9\nThe consignor and the headman of the mule caravan shall execute a bond with the Customs officer at Tengyueh in double the value of the opium, to deliver the same (in the original chests with all the seals and fastenings intact, and to be of the same gross weight as is recorded in Register A) to the Customs officer at Bhamo.\n\n**Note**: \"Headman of the mule caravan\" might be substituted for \"officer of military police in charge of convoy,\" draft Rule 8.\n\n13 \n\n### Rule 10\nOn receipt of an acknowledgment of the opium from the Customs officers at Bhamo, the Customs officer shall cancel the bond by defacing it, and shall return it to the consignor, if resident at Tengyueh; if he is not resident, the bond shall be destroyed.\n\n### Rule 11\nIf on arrival at Bhamo the full tale of chests of opium of correct weight is not delivered to the Customs officer, the latter shall at once report the matter to the senior Civil officer present, who will have power to detain the mules of the caravan until the head of the caravan clears himself of all blame.\n\n### Rule 12\nIf the head of the caravan is found responsible for the loss, he shall be fined by the Deputy Commissioner of Bhamo a sum not exceeding twice the value of the missing opium, and his mules shall be detained until this fine is paid.\n\n### Rule 13\nIf the Deputy Commissioner is unable to obtain twice the amount of the missing opium from the head of the mule caravan, he shall inform the Customs officer at Tengyueh of the balance remaining due, which shall be recovered by the Customs officer from the consignor, and after it is recovered the bond may be cancelled.\n\n### Rule 14\nThe money so collected by the Deputy Commissioner and by the Collector of Customs at Tengyueh shall be credited to excise receipts.\n\n**Note**: It is obvious that if the opium is lost by smuggling operations, the Excise Department should be compensated and not the Customs.\n\n### Procedure at Bhamo\n\n### Rule 15\nThe Customs officer at Bhamo, having received the full tale of correct weight of chests of opium, will file the page of Register A received from Tengyueh in a book-file and will give each case a serial number which he will mark against the entry in red ink, and he will also initial the last entry with the date.\n\n### Rule 16\nHe will then stencil on one end of the chest in red paint the letters B. H. O., followed by the serial number.\n\n### Rule 17\nWhen he forwards a consignment to Rangoon, he will prepare a way-bill in duplicate on the form shown in `Appendix C`.\n\n### Rule 18\nOne copy of this way-bill will be filed at Bhamo, and the other sent with the mate's receipt to the Chief Collector of Customs, Rangoon.\n\n### Rule 19\nThe Manager of the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company will give notice to the Chief Collector of Customs, Rangoon, of the day and hour at which the opium may be expected, and an Inspector of Customs will, if the tale and weight of the boxes is correct, and the seals are intact, take delivery and place the chests in the bonded warehouse.\n\n### Procedure in Rangoon\n\n### Rule 20\nUpon receipt of a consignment in Rangoon the Chief Collector will inform the consignee and call upon him to pay the charges incurred, which will include the cost of handling at Bhamo and Rangoon, the freight charged by the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company, and a registration fee of 1 rupee a chest. It will include also the cost of putting the opium on board the British India Steam Navigation Company's steamer, under Customs supervision, and the freight to Hong Kong or to Shanghae.\n\n### Rule 21\nThe Customs authorities at Rangoon will stencil a consecutive number in blue paint after the letters R. G. N., which number will be entered in a register to be kept in the form shown in `Appendix D`, in which will be kept a complete record of each chest of opium which leaves Tengyueh.\n\n### Rule 22\nThe consolidated rate shown in the 13th column of `Appendix D` will be the total of all the charges mentioned in Rule 20, and will be calculated by the Chief Collector of Customs, and declared and published by him to be the rate for a fixed period, preferably for six months. The rates with the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company and British India Steam Navigation Company may, if necessary, be revised every six months.\n\n### Rule 23\nWhen all charges have been paid on a consignment, or part of a consignment, it will be shipped by the Chief Collector of Customs and the bill-of-lading handed to the consignor at Rangoon. At the same time a copy of the entries in `Appendix D` relating to that consignment will be sent to the chief officer of Chinese Customs at the port of destination.\n\n[1844 -1]",
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        "document_key": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 420,
        "title": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "# Inclosure 14 in No. 1.\n\n## Revised Draft Rules for regulating the Transport in Bond of Yünnan Opium from Tengyueh to Hong Kong and Shanghae.\n\n### Rule 1. \nThe opium shall be packed in cases or boxes of the pattern prescribed by the Collector of Customs at Tengyueh.\n\n**Note.** It is of considerable importance that the boxes should all be of a uniform size and appearance. Of a uniform size, so that the rates of freight may be agreed upon with the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company and the British India Steam Navigation Company, and that these Companies may adopt or build strong-rooms to suit the size. The appearance of the box should be distinct from that used for Indian opium. The size will probably be such that two boxes will constitute a full load for a mule; this is also a convenient weight for handling by coolies.\n\n### Rule 2. \nEach box is to contain the standard weight of opium prescribed by the Collector of Customs at Tengyueh.\n\n**Note.** It is not necessary to point out the necessity for adopting a fixed weight as is done in India.\n\n### Rule 3. \nEach box shall, after examination of its contents by the Collector of Customs at Tengyueh, be closed in his presence and secured with wire and leaden seals and be numbered on one end. The figures to be 1 1/2 inches high. The gross weight shall be painted on the box in catties and taels and also pounds and ounces.\n\n### Rule 4. \nThe pattern of these seals shall be varied from year to year.\n\n### Rule 5. \nThe particulars of each box shall be entered against its number in a register to be kept by the Collector of Customs at Tengyueh in the form shown in `Appendix (A)`.\n\n### Rule 6. \nThe name and address of the consignee shall be marked on the top or bottom of the box. The ends of the box shall be kept free for Customs marks.\n\n### Rule 7. \nOn dispatch of a consignment to Bhamo the Collector of Customs at Tengyueh shall forward a copy of the entries concerning it in his Register A, to the Customs officers concerned at (a) the ultimate port of destination, (b) Rangoon, (c) Bhamo.\n\n### Rule 8. \nThree copies of a way-bill showing the total number of cases and the number of each case will be made out. One will be given to the headman of the mule caravan, who will deliver it with the opium at Bhamo, where the Customs officers will, when satisfied that every box has arrived, write on its acquittance in full or in part, and return it to the headman of the mule caravan. A second copy will be sent by post to the Customs officer at Bhamo for comparison with the copy handed to him by the headman of the mule caravan. The third copy will be signed at Tengyueh by the headman of the mule caravan, and will be retained by the Customs there as the receipt of the headman of the mule caravan for the opium taken. The way-bill will be in the form shown in `Appendix (B)`.\n\n### Rule 9. \nThe consignor and the headman of the mule caravan shall execute a bond with the Customs officer at Tengyueh, in treble the value of the opium, to deliver the same (in the original chests, with all the seals and fastenings intact, and to be of the same gross weight as is recorded in Register A) to the Customs officer at Bhamo within a period to be named in the bond. A joint bond to the same effect shall also be executed by one or more firms well known in Burmah as sureties for the consignor.\n\n### Rule 10. \nOn receipt of an acknowledgment of the opium from the Customs officers at Bhamo the Customs officer shall cancel the bonds by defacing them, and shall return them to the consignor if resident at Tengyueh; if he is not resident the bonds shall be destroyed.\n\n### Rule 11. \nIf on arrival at Bhamo the full tale of chests of opium of correct weight is not delivered to the Customs officer, the latter shall at once report the matter to the senior Civil officer present, who will have power to detain the mules of the caravan until the head of the caravan clears himself of all blame. The Customs officer at Bhamo shall have power to open and examine any box if he considers this necessary.\n\n### Rule 12. \nIf the head of the caravan is found responsible for the loss he shall be fined by the Deputy Commissioner of Bhamo a sum not exceeding three times the value of the missing opium, and his mules shall be detained until this fine is paid.\n\n### Rule 13. \nIf the Deputy Commissioner is unable to obtain three times the amount of the missing opium from the head of the mule caravan, he shall inform the Customs officer at Tengyueh of the balance remaining due, which shall be recovered by the Customs officer from the consignor and his sureties, and after it is recovered the bonds may be cancelled.\n\n### Rule 14. \nThe money so collected by the Deputy Commissioner and by the Collector of the Customs at Tengyueh shall be credited to Excise receipts.\n\n## Procedure at Bhamo.\n\n### Rule 15. \nThe Customs officer at Bhamo, having received the full tale of correct weights of chests of opium, will file the page of Register A received from Tengyueh in a book-file, and will give each case a serial number, which he will mark against the entry in red ink, and he will also initial the last entry with the date.\n\n### Rule 16. \nHe will then stencil on one end of the chest, in red paint, the letters \"B. H. Q.,\" followed by the serial number.\n\n### Rule 17. \nWhen he forwards a consignment to Rangoon he will prepare a way-bill in duplicate, in the form shown in `Appendix (C)`.\n\n### Rule 18. \nOne copy of this way-bill will be filed at Bhamo, and the other sent, with the mate's receipt, to the Chief Collector of Customs, Rangoon.\n\n## Procedure in Rangoon.\n\n### Rule 19. \nThe Manager of the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company will give notice to the Chief Collector of Customs, Rangoon, of the day and hour at which the opium may be expected, and an Inspector of Customs will, if the tale and weight of the boxes is correct and the seals are intact, take delivery and place the chests in the bonded warehouse. The Chief Collector of Customs shall have power to open and examine any box if he considers this necessary.\n\n### Rule 20. \nUpon receipt of a consignment in Rangoon the Chief Collector will inform the consignee and call upon him to pay the charges incurred, which will include the cost of handling at Bhamo and Rangoon, the freight charged by the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company, and a registration fee of 1 rupee a chest. It will include also the cost of putting the opium on board the British India Steam Navigation Company's steamer, under Customs supervision, and the freight to Hong Kong or to Shanghae.\n\n### Rule 21. \nThe Customs authorities at Rangoon will stencil a consecutive number in blue paint after the letters \"R. G. N.,\" which number will be entered in a register, to be kept in the form shown in `Appendix (D)`, in which will be kept a complete record of each chest of opium which leaves Tengyueh.\n\n### Rule 22. \nThe consolidated rates shown in the thirteenth column of `Appendix (D)` will be the total of all the charges mentioned in Rule 20, and will be calculated by the Chief Collector of Customs and declared and published by him to be the rate for a fixed period—preferably for six months. The rates with the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company and British India Steam Navigation Company may, if necessary, be revised every six months.\n\n### Rule 23. \nWhen all charges have been paid on a consignment, or part of a consignment, it will be shipped by the Chief Collector of Customs and the bill of lading handed to the consignor at Rangoon. At the same time a copy of the entries in `Appendix (D)` relating to that consignment will be sent to the Chief Officer of Chinese Customs at the port of destination.\n\n[For Appendices, see Inclosure 10.]\n\nPage 420\nPage 421",
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    {
        "id": 397933,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 423,
        "title": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "## Memorandum on Opium Transit Trade via Burmah\n\nThe rate of the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company is one agreed upon between them and Government; it would no doubt affect the Railway, and might be reduced by mutual consent. The Agents for the British India Steam Navigation also implied that the rates might be reduced, if necessary; that is, rather than allow the trade to go to a rival line.\n\nOne hundred catties of opium, when packed in two boxes, will weigh nearly two hundred pounds, which is a mule load. It weighs about 36 viss net in Burmese weight, and costs 554 rupees. The freight to Rangoon would be about 5 rupees, and to Hong Kong a little more than rupees 2:12 if paid by value. The two boxes would measure about 8 cubic feet. The handling in Rangoon would cost nearly 5 rupees if freight is paid by measurement. Rangoon would cost less than 1 rupee, and I propose to charge a transit duty of 2 per cent, ad valorem.\n\nThe value of opium which would be brought through in a year is estimated at seven and a-half lakhs of rupees, and 18,750 rupees would more than cover the expenses which might fairly be debited against the work of the Customs. This charge on one mule load would amount to, say, rupees 13:13:8. The total cost on a mule load from Bhamo to Hong Kong would therefore be:\n\n| Cost Component | Rs. | a. | P. |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| To Rangoon | 5 | 0 | 0 |\n| Handling, say | 0 | 14 | 4 |\n| Transit | 13 | 13 | 8 |\n| To Hong Kong | 2 | 12 | 0 |\n| Total | 22 | 4 | 0 |\n\nIt must be mentioned that a mule load of opium is now 125 catties of opium and not 100 catties as assumed by me. The method of packing in boxes is much heavier than that now employed, but as the mule can only carry 200 lbs., the weight of the opium has been reduced.\n\n(Signed) HARRY L. TILLY,  \nChief Collector of Customs, Burmah.  \nNovember 4, 1904.\n\n## Memorandum by Mr. Litton on the Government of India's letter, dated October 11, 1904, on Opium Transit\n\n1. It is asked whether an opium transit trade via Burmah may be expected to develop at once if Burmah merely withdraws the restriction on importation via Tengyueh, or whether arrangements with China, including reduction of the rate of duty on Yünnan opium which would now be charged on re-entry as foreign (i.e., Indian) opium at the Eastern Coast ports would be a necessary preliminary.\n\nThis question is asked with special reference to the possible operations of a Syndicate of Chinese merchants in Rangoon, formed with a view to export Yunnan opium via Burmah. Mr. Campbell puts the question in a sentence (paragraph 4); \"Will mere waiver (i.e., by India) of the prohibition be sufficient to divert the Yunnan opium traffic to the Bhamo-Tengyueh trade route?\"\n\nAfter full consideration, I think the reply must be \"No.\" If the scheme is to be a success, a full understanding must also be come to with the (1) Central, (2) Customs, and (3) Provincial Chinese Administrations.\n\n(a) The Syndicate referred to is, I think, composed of the same gentlemen who presented me with a long \"petition\" when I was at Bhamo in June last. They appear to be mostly Cantonese resident in Rangoon, who have little knowledge of the actual working in China of either the Customs, the li-kin, or the Yunnan opium trade. Their \"petition\" contained several errors. Their idea was, so far as I could gather, to undertake a species of farm by which they would guarantee to pay so much to Yünnan for the sole legal right to export Yunnan opium via Burmah, and so much to Burmah for permission to let their cargo through. I much doubt if this scheme would be approved either by Burmah or by the Yunnan Government. But this Syndicate is important as showing how awake the Chinese are to the trade advantages to be gained by the removal of existing restrictions.\n\n(b) The view of the Chinese Imperial Customs authorities is that Article XI of the Burmah-China Convention of 1894 cuts both ways - i.e., it gives Burmah a right to stop importation of opium into Burmah from Yunnan, and it gives China a right to stop its exportation in like manner, in both cases under pain of confiscation.\n\nNo doubt in point of fact, Article XI was put in by India to protect her opium administration, but the text of the Article, \"the importation and exportation of opium across the frontier,\" is clearly in favour of the Customs interpretation.\n\nTherefore, if Burmah were simply to publicly renounce her right to prohibit the transit of opium across Burmah under Article XI, and Chinese traders were in consequence to endeavour to export, their opium might be seized by the Customs or the Taotai here as contraband under Article XI. And the Chinese authorities would endeavour so to seize it unless a full preliminary arrangement had been come to as to conditions of export and payment of duty. Therefore, I submit that \"mere waiver\" would not only not have the desired effect, but would involve the inconveniences suggested by Mr. Campbell at the end of paragraph 4 of his letter to Burmah.\n\nAt present, in the case of seizure of Yunnan opium by the Chinese officials at Tengyueh, the Consul can hardly interfere; for either the opium is destined for consumption in China, in which case it is no concern of the Consul, or it is for export to Burmah, in which case China has a Treaty right to confiscate under Article XI.\n\nNevertheless, I am inclined to think that the best form to commence negotiations with China would be for India to offer to waive her right to prohibit Yünnan opium crossing Burmah, if China will waive her right to prohibit it leaving Yunnan, in both cases under certain conditions which will be mutually advantageous.\n\n2. It is asked: \"Is the prohibitive nature of the duty levied by China on the 'foreign' drug the reason for which opium is not at present being sent by sea from Yunnan to Canton via Tonquin?\"\n\nThe present rule is that native opium, by entering on a foreign territory at once, assumes a \"foreign\" character for the purpose of payment of duty at the port of re-entry on the East Coast.\n\nMy general reply to the question put above must be \"Yes.\" Native, chiefly Szechuan opium, which passes Ichang and proceeds to the East Coast by river and ocean steamers, only pays, under special regulations, at a very reduced rate; but Yunnan opium, proceeding to the same ports by Burmah or Tonquin and the sea, would be differentiated against and, under existing regulations, treated as \"foreign.\" Thus the duty comes to be prohibitive; but\n\n(a) I believe that a good deal of Yunnan opium does go to Canton province via Tonquin; it is sent to the French \"leased\" territory of Kwang Chon Wan, where there is no Chinese Customs station, and there are very unusual facilities for smuggling in the surrounding country.\n\n(b) Opium arriving by sea from Tonquin at an East Coast port would, to begin with, be charged as \"foreign\" opium at the rate of 110 taels, or, say, 220 rupees a picul of 133.33 lbs. But, further, this opium would have paid previously the Yunnan provincial li-kin, and after passing the Canton Customs, might have to pay Canton provincial dues; for, being in fact native opium, it is doubtful if Consular protection could be given. Further, the transport across South Yunnan to get to French territory is often unsafe. The cumulative effects of the above would be prohibitive, except possibly at rare intervals, when all routes overland were closed by rebels at the same time.\n\n3. It is asked that detailed information be furnished as to the privilege which it would be necessary to secure from China, and the reasons which render them indispensable to the success of the scheme.\n\nWe should ask (1) that the somewhat arbitrary rule under which native opium which crosses Burmah becomes foreign opium for purposes of duty on re-entering on the East Coast of China be rescinded; this rule is harmful alike to Burmah and to Chinese trade; (2) we should also ask that Yünnan opium going across Burmah to the East Coast should not receive less favourable treatment than Szechuan or other native opium which goes to the East Coast by Yang-tsze steamer and the sea.\n\nNeither of these demands are really of the nature of a concession or privilege to be granted by China.\n\n(3) Further, we should ask for a clear and precise agreement as to what is to be paid and on what account, and to whom and where and when in respect of Yunnan opium transported across Burmah to the East Coast ports. Security will further be necessary that such an agreement will be duly observed; this security will be afforded if...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "page_number": 431,
        "title": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "# \naltogether a sum of about 22,000 taels was extracted, of which the Lung Ling sub-Prefect took about 11,000 taels (though he was probably \"squeezed\" in his turn by his superiors) and the rest went to the Yung Chang Prefect (now Acting Taotai of West Yunnan at Tengyueh) and to Mr. Tseng, his secretary, who was a fellow-provincial (Hunan) of the Lung Ling sub-Prefect, and had operated the affair in conjunction with him. The payments were made by Mang Shih chiefly in gold leaf, and one indirect result was the bankruptcy of a Burmese Tengyueh firm (Chop Wan Sheng Ho), who could not collect certain debts from Mang Shih, as the Sawbwa had paid away all his ready cash to the officials. There is little doubt that the unlucky Sawbwa would have been murdered as Chanta was, but the telegram which the Yung Chang Prefect and Lung Ling sub-Prefect had sent to Yunnan-fu about the case got into my hands, and was forwarded by me to the Consul-General.\n\nIt accused the Sawbwa of “secretly travelling to Rangoon\" and \"intriguing with the outer people,\" and also of buying cartridges for the purpose of raising a rebellion. It was added that \"the mouths of the outer people had long been watering for the possession of Mang Shih.\"\n\nI protested against this as a palpable falsehood, and an insult to a friendly Government. Mr. Wilkinson made similar representations at Yunnan-fu; the Sawbwa also succeeded in getting a statement of his case put before the Yunnan Viceroy. The matter has now been pressed by me for more than six months; the Lung Ling sub-Prefect has been removed; the Sawbwa has been released; the Prefect of Yung Chang, now Acting Taotai at Tengyueh, has withdrawn the charges of intrigues with Burmah, and, more sinico, has requested that he should be reprimanded for having made them; but though the Viceroy Ting pretends to be still inquiring into the case, I am informed that his Excellency is perfectly acquainted with the facts, and is merely waiting to see if the matter is further pressed by the Consulates, in which case he would have no other course but to denounce the Acting Taotai to the Throne. I have suggested to Mr. Wilkinson that it is not perhaps advisable to press the case so far as the Acting Taotai is an energetic and efficient official in other matters. He has been much alarmed, and has even conveyed to me that he is prepared to repay part of his share of the spoil to Mang Shih if nothing more is said about the matter.\n\nThe occurrences in connection with the \"squeezing\" and imprisonment of Mang Shih were matters of common knowledge in Tengyueh, and throughout the Chinese Shan States, where the other Sawbwas are much alarmed. The young Kangai Sawbwa appears to have thought, and not without reason, that on account of his wealth and friendliness to passing British officers, he would be the next victim of charges of conspiring with the outer people. It appears that the Taotai's secretary, Tseng, had already commenced to weave the net around him, but as soon as the Mang Shih business became known to me, Mr. Tseng bolted to Rangoon, and has not since been heard of. When I was passing through his State in June last, young Kangai came to see me, and told me that he feared his life and his property were in danger. I strongly dissuaded him from taking refuge in Burmah, and he remained at home until the autumn, when I was absent on the Thibetan frontier; then, in consequence of further reports which he received of yamên intrigues against him, he took refuge in Burmah nominally for the purpose of worshipping at the Buddhist shrines there and proceeding to Japan to study; I have suggested for the consideration of the Government of Burmah that the young Sawbwa should be advised to return to his State. The Chinese officials are in a fright in consequence of the exposure in the Mang Shih case, and I think that Kangai can be for the present protected by Consular representations. Disorders in this State, which may probably follow the permanent absence of the young Sawbwa, would be a source of danger to our trade and frontier.\n\nI think it may be stated, as a rule, that the functions of the West Yünnan officials in their Shan States are either parasitical or predatory; they do nothing to protect or educate their Sawbwas, and they prevent them from educating or protecting themselves, but they are ready to extort by false and frivolous charges the last rupee out of their unlucky dependents.\n\nQuestions, therefore, of some difficulty arise when the relations between the Tengyueh Consul and the Chinese Shan Chiefs have to be adjusted. To assist in the settlement of frontier cases in which British subjects have suffered injury is one of the principal duties of the Consul.\n\nNow, the subjects or nominal subjects of the Shan Sawbwas are nearly always the guilty parties in these cases. For the Consul to remain at Tengyueh and address formal remonstrances to the Chinese officials have been proved by experience to be utterly useless. On the other hand, by proceeding to the frontier, by meeting the Chinese deputies and the Shan Sawbwas on the spot, it has been proved that the British officials can, to a large extent, prevent serious frontier troubles, such as raids, and can obtain a large measure of satisfaction for the minor cases, such as cattle-lifting and so forth.\n\nThe Consul cannot do his duty unless he goes to the frontier and meets the Shan Sawbwas or their deputies; he cannot go to the frontier without passing through the Shan territories; he cannot pass through those territories without having relations with the Sawbwas.\n\nThe British Government has the right to post a Consul to Tengyueh, and the Consul has the duty of assisting in the settlement of frontier matters. It seems to follow that we can properly insist that the Shan Chiefs and States shall not be subject to any special oppression or extortion by the Chinese officials merely because we are exercising that right or the Consul is fulfilling that duty.\n\nThese official depredations must, and do, cause unrest in the Chinese Shan States, and such unrest must affect the border and the trans-frontier trade as a whole; it is, therefore, submitted that the argument that the internal affairs of the Chinese Empire—the \"squeezing of the Sawbwas\" included—do not concern the Consul, is purely academical, and cannot in practice rule the conduct of the Consulates.\n\nStill clearer is our right to insist that the Tengyueh officials shall not drag the name of our Government into these disgraceful transactions, and make Burmah the stalking-horse behind which they approach their prey. No one knows better than the Taotai that these charges of intrigues with the Burmah Government are both false and insulting; they are only put forward because they are readily accepted at Yünnan-fu, and being there accepted, render the \"squeezing\" process easy of accomplishment.\n\nIt may be said that, in cases where positive evidence that such false charges have been made is not forthcoming, or in cases where other charges, such as meditating a rebellion, are put forward with a view to extort money from one of these Shan Chiefs, the Consul has no locus standi and no official knowledge of what is going on, and no right to interfere.\n\nTo this, the reply is the charge of rebellion is as absurd as the charge of intrigues with Burmah for the reason that it is notorious that none of the Chinese Shan States have even the pretence of a force with which to operate a rebellion, and secondly, that the Consul or the British officials in Burmah are always acquainted with the condition of the Chinese Shan States, and will know if the Chinese officials have any real ground for molesting or arresting the Sawbwa in question. If there is no such ground, it is practically certain that such action on their part is an attempt to extort money.\n\nIf the false charge is conspiring with Burmah, it is an insult to the British name; if it is something else, it and the \"squeezing\" which follow endanger the peace of the frontier which it is the duty of the Yunnan Government to preserve, and I hope you will approve of the Consular officer making an energetic protest in all such cases. Such a protest would, I think, be always effectual, and the threat of demanding an inquiry by the Yunnan Viceroy, or still more by the Central Government at Peking, would always cause the local officials to drop their prey, as in the case of Mang Shih.\n\nIn the matter of the young Kangai Sawbwa, the Taotai has assured me, though not in writing, that it is all a mistake, and that if the young Sawbwa returns to his State, no notice of his absence will be taken. With the Mang Shih case hanging over him, I have little doubt that the Taotai will keep his word.\n\nIf the Chinese officials lay themselves open to Consular remonstrances, which they resent, they have only themselves to blame. They have always been bad and perfidious neighbours to Burmah; so long as they had the power they practised every kind of extortion on our trade, nor have I any doubt that nearly all the Kachin and other fighting which has accompanied the settlement of the border by the British down to the Hparé affair in 1900, was secretly instigated from the Tengyueh yamêns. It is true that on two occasions, i.e., after the Sima troubles in 1891, and after the fight at Hparé, the Yunnan-fu Government removed and degraded the guilty Tengyueh official, but one may suspect that this was not so much because intrigues across the border had commenced, as because they had ended in failure from the Chinese point of view.\n\nThus I venture to submit that the experience of the past amply justifies a certain amount of interference in the Chinese Shan States in the future, directed to secure \n\nPage 7  \n[1899 d-1] \nD",
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    {
        "id": 403379,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 288,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "282 \n\n## Mr. Fiddes \n\nThe F.O. are urging on the China Government the fulfilment of their obligation under their recent Treaty with us and with other powers to introduce in China a uniform national coinage and at the same time they urge on us the re-establishment of a Mint at Hong Kong to coin dollars for circulation in China. At first sight there is an inconsistency, but as the chance of China establishing an uniform coinage is extremely remote, we can consider their representation to us on its merits.\n\nA Mint was established at H.Kong in 1864, and it coined the old Hong Kong dollar, which has now disappeared from view, at a seigniorage of 2 per cent. The Mint did not pay, and it was closed in 1883.\n\nWe issued no other coin on a silver basis till 1894, when as a result of Lord Herschell's Committee's recommendation we arranged for the coinage of the British dollar at the Indian Mints. See print, `Eastern 62`, attached.\n\nThe Indian Mints then agreed to coin dollars at a seigniorage of 1 per cent, on the two Banks (Chartered and Shanghai) agreeing to take at least 6 millions per annum. That rate was very low, considering the article turned out, which is by all accounts first rate. India could do it because their Mints were idle, the rupee coinage having ceased. But in 1905 when rupee coining had again become heavy the Govt. of India found that the rate didn't pay. Moreover the requirements of the Banks were embarrassing. They therefore gave notice of the termination of their agreement with the Banks, and it expired",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 403380,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 289,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "283 \n\n12. $ at the end of 1903. They offered however to continue coining at a seigniorage of 2 per cent, subject to the reservation that rupee coinage requirements must come first, and at our request to a like reservation in favour of the S.S. dollar.\n\nWe told the I.O. when they informed us of the proposed increase of rate that we saw no objection, but we asked that our heavy initial supply of S.S. dollars might be done at 12 per cent. For further supplies of that dollar we agreed to 2 per cent if necessary. I.O. agreed to 1½ % for the initial supply.\n\nI think it is clear that 2 per cent is a reasonable charge. The old H.K. mint charged 2 per cent and it did not pay. The at least Home Mint would charge 2 per cent (see Mint memorandum attached to `696/94`) and to this would have to be added 1 per cent for freight and insurance to the East. As regards freight and insurance however it may be remarked that London is the best market to buy silver in and that freight and insurance have equally to be paid on bullion sent to the East for coinage.\n\nThe Indian Mint charged 2.1 per cent on the coinage of rupees when the free coinage of rupees was permitted.\n\nI do not believe for a moment that a Mint at H.K. would pay its way with a less seigniorage than 2 per cent, and even with that charge it would be necessary that the Banks should agree to take a large minimum yearly. The expenses of coining the dollar in India must be much less than in H.K., since the Mints there are in existence and have to be kept going in any case.\n\nAs to difficulties in supply, from the last letter in the print attached to this paper you will see that the Indian Govt. estimate that they can supply 50 million dollars yearly. Sure-",
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    },
    {
        "id": 403399,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 308,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "\"provide work for the mints for some years to come, \nand they will from time to time have to undertake \nfresh coinage from bullion in order to maintain \nthe volume of the rupee currency; and they therefore desire further to modify the Agreement so \nas to provide explicitly that the coinage of rupees \nshall, whenever necessary, have precedence over \nthe coinage of British dollars. \n\nShould it be decided in accordance with the \nrecommendation of the Straits Currency Committee, \nto issue a special dollar for use in that Colony, \nit is probable that the new coin will be manufactured at the Indian mints. In that case priority \nwill be given to the Straits dollar as well as to \nthe rupee, over the British dollar\". \n\nWe now wish to bring to your notice that, in \nour opinion, this attitude on the part of the Government of India would not only result in great inconvenience to the trade of this Colony, but would be \nalmost certain to lead at times to serious contraction of currency, and on occasion might bring about \na grave financial crisis. \n\n302 \n\nIt is seldom possible to foresee actual requirements a long way ahead, and with the rupee and \nthe Straits new dollar having priority, it is readily conceivable that silver bullion deposited in the \nIndian mints for coinage into British dollars might \nbe subject to indefinite delay at a time when coin \nwas urgently required in Hong Kong. \n\nIt is true the Mexican dollar is also legal \ntender by weight of Taels 717 = 1,000 Hong Kong dollars, and it is quite possible it may be available \nin sufficient quantity for some time, but its supply \nis governed by the balance of trade in Mexico, and \nexperience has proved that it cannot be relied upon \nwith any degree of certainty. \n\nMoreover the Government of Mexico are at present considering the \nquestion of changing the basis of their currency, \nand if this should be carried out the coinage of \nthe present Mexican dollar will cease, so that it \nis not safe to depend on relief from that quarter. \n\nIn view of the fact that this Colony is entirely dependent on outside sources for its supply of \ncurrency,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 403404,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 313,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "## SISE 307\n\nwere looking forward to an indefinite period of inactivity in minting operations, and they had no objection to the employment of the establishment on this outside work. But with the renewed need for the coinage of rupees the circumstances have materially changed. Two years ago, we were compelled to stop the coinage of dollars altogether for a time, and recently the Bombay mint has been working overtime in order to cope with the demand for dollars.\n\n2. We anticipate that the recoinage of 1,840 rupees (i.e., rupees issued in the years 1840 to 1862) which are being steadily withdrawn from circulation, will provide work for the mints for some years to come; and it is probable that we shall from time to time have to undertake fresh coinage from bullion in order to maintain the volume of the rupee currency. It is important that in times of pressure the outturn of rupees by the mints should not be curtailed by the necessity for producing dollars, and we should be glad to have the agreement with the Banks revised so as to provide for this contingency. It is true that in the past.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 403405,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 314,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "## 308\n\nIn the past, we have put the requirements of the rupee currency before the demands for dollars, and we have recently warned the Banks that the latter must always give way to the former; but the tenders for dollars are still felt to be an inconvenience occasionally, and it would be more satisfactory to have it made clear by agreement that we can only undertake extraneous coinage when the mints have leisure from Indian requirements.\n\n3. We think further that the rate of seigniorage charged for the coinage of dollars requires revision. It was worth our while to accept one per cent when the mints were idle, but that rate does not recompense us for the trouble that the work now entails, and it barely meets expenses. The charge made for the coinage of rupees for the public before the mints were closed was 2.1 per cent, and we consider that 2 per cent will be a fair and reasonable rate to charge in future for the coinage of dollars.\n\n4. We accordingly suggest that notice of the termination of the agreement in six months be given at once.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 403413,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 322,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "# No. 20,676.\n\n## Annex 2.\n\n**Telegram.**\n\n**Governor Sir F. A. Swettenham to Mr. Chamberlain.**\n\n(Received, Colonial Office, 9.20 a.m. 5th June 1903.)\n\nSmall diameter very desirable to easily distinguish coin from British and Mexican dollars when counting as every one will wish to keep them separate; also if coin slightly thicker would probably ring differently.\n\nPracticable to reduce the diameter of the new Straits dollar by one-sixteenth. This will give a higher relief, and, so far as can be done without creating difficulty in striking the coin, as high a relief as possible will be given. The work of preparing the matrices will be proceeded with as rapidly as possible.\n\nI am, &c.,\n\nThe Under Secretary of State, Colonial Office.\n\n**WILLIAM ELLISON MACCARTNEY.**\n\n## Annex 3.\n\n**No. 20,676. (Pressing).**\n\nSir,\n\nColonial Office, Downing Street,\n5th June 1903.\n\nWith reference to the letter from this Office of the 30th ultimo,\n\nI am directed by Mr. Secretary Chamberlain to transmit to you copies\n* Governor, telegram, 4th June.\n* Governor, telegram, 5th June.\n\nof two telegrams from Governor of the Straits Settlements regarding the design for the new Straits dollar.\n\n## Enclosure No. 11.\n\n**India Office to Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, and Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China.**\n\n**F. 2758.**\n\nSir,\n\n2. The Governor has been informed that it is now too late to alter the design of the coin, but Mr. Chamberlain would be glad if it were found practicable to reduce the diameter of the coin by one sixteenth, as desired by Sir F. Swettenham.\n\n3. I am also to ask that the design of the coin may be in as high relief as possible.\n\nSubject to the requests contained in this letter, it is desired that the work of preparing the matrices may be continued with all expedition.\n\nI am, &c.,\n\nThe Deputy Master of the Mint.\n\n**No. 21,252.**\n\nSir,\n\n## Enclosure No. 10.\n\n**Colonial Office to India Office.**\n\n**C. P. LUCAS,**\n\nColonial Office, Downing Street,\n13th June 1903.\n\nI am directed by Mr. Secretary Chamberlain to acknowledge the receipt of your letter `F. 3,786` of the 9th instant, and to forward to you, for the information of Lord George Hamilton, a copy of a letter which has been received from the Deputy Master of the Mint reporting that the diameter of the new Straits dollar will be reduced by one-sixteenth.\n\nI am, &c.,\n\nThe Under Secretary of State for India.\n\n**H. BERTRAM COX.**\n\n## Annex.\n\n**India Office, 28th May 1903.**\n\nReferring to the agreement made on the 14th December 1894 between the Secretary of State in Council of India, the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, for the coinage of British dollars at the Indian mints, I am directed to inform you that the Government of India have represented to the Secretary of State that the seigniorage of one per cent. provided for in that agreement has proved to be inadequate under present conditions, and that 2 per cent. would be a fair and reasonable rate to charge in the future.\n\nMoreover, they anticipate that the re-coinage of rupees issued in the years 1840 to 1862, which are being steadily withdrawn from circulation, will provide work for the mints for some years to come, and that they will from time to time have to undertake fresh coinage from bullion in order to maintain the volume of the rupee currency; and they therefore desire further to modify the agreement so as to provide explicitly that the coinage of rupees shall, whenever necessary, have precedence over the coinage of British dollars.\n\nShould it be decided, in accordance with the recommendation of the Straits Settlements Currency Committee, to issue a special dollar for use in that Colony, it is probable that the new coin will be manufactured at the Indian mints. In that case priority will be given to the Straits dollar as well as to the rupee, over the British dollar.\n\nI am accordingly instructed to enquire whether the (1) Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, (2) Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China, desires to enter into a new agreement on the above terms, with the option of termination by either party on three months' notice; and as a first step thereto I am to give notice, on the part of the Secretary of State in Council of India, of the termination of the agreement dated the 14th December 1894, at six months from 10th of June.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\nThe Manager,\nHong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation.\n\nThe Manager,\nChartered Bank of India, Australia, and China.\n\n**A. GODLEY.**\n\nSir,\n\n**Royal Mint to Colonial Office.**\n\nRoyal Mint,\n9th June 1903.\n\nI am directed by the Master of the Mint to acknowledge the receipt of Mr. Lucas' letter of the 5th instant, and to say that it will be...",
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    },
    {
        "id": 403420,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 329,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "# ENCLOSURES\n\n## Enclosure No. 1\n\n322\n\nSir,\n\nNo. 30,709.\n\n**Colonial Office to India Office**\n\nColonial Office, Downing Street, 28th August 1903.\n\nWith reference to your letter (F.2758) of the 7th of May, and to the reply from this Office of the 9th of May, I am directed by Mr. Secretary Chamberlain to transmit to you, to be laid before Lord George Hamilton, copy of correspondence with the Governor of Hong Kong on the subject of the proposed new agreement with the Banks for the coinage of British dollars in India.\n\n2. Mr. Chamberlain would be obliged if his Lordship would kindly obtain an early report from the Government of India as to the probable capacity of the mints to cope with demands for British dollars in the future, having regard to the requirements of the rupee coinage, and also to the requirements of the new Straits Settlements dollar, as to which the Government of India has been in direct correspondence with the Governor of the Colony.\n\nI am, &c.,\n\nC. P. LUCAS.\n\n### Annex 1\n\n**From Colonial Office to Governor of Hong Kong.**\n\n**(Confidential.)**\n\nSir,\n\nColonial Office, Downing Street,\n22nd May 1903.\n\nI have the honour to transmit to you, for your information, copy of a letter from the India Office,* `India Office, 7th May`, enclosing copy of a letter from the Government of India, on the subject of the Agreement made on the 14th of December 1894 for the coinage of British dollars in India.\n\n2. I have caused the India Office to be informed that I have no objection to the proposal to give notice to the Chartered Bank of India, Australasia and China, and to the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation of the termination of the existing Agreement at the end of six months, and at the same time to intimate the terms on which a new Agreement will be entered into. I added that I was content to leave the negotiations with regard to the new Agreement to be carried on between the India Office and the Banks, but pointed out with reference to the last paragraph of the letter from the Government of India of the 16th of April that the proposed action as to currency in the Straits Settlements and the neighbouring Malay States will not necessitate any restriction on the coinage of the British dollar for circulation in the East, though it is proposed temporarily to prohibit the importation of that dollar into the Straits Settlements and the Malay States, and at a future date to demonetize it there.\n\n3. Arrangements will be made to secure priority of execution to the rupee and the proposed Straits Settlements dollar over the demands for the British dollar.\n\nGovernor Sir F. A. Blake, G.C.M.G.,\n&c., &c., &c.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\nJ. CHAMBERLAIN.\n\n13581.",
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    },
    {
        "id": 403421,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 330,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "# Annex 2\n## Governor of Hong Kong to Colonial Office\n**(Confidential.)**\n\nGovernment House, Hong Kong, 16th July 1903.\n\nSir,\n\nWith reference to your Confidential Despatch of the 22nd May last, I have the honour to transmit, for your favourable consideration, the enclosed copies of a letter from the Managers of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and the Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China, with reference to the approaching termination of the agreement made in 1894 between those Banks and the Secretary of State for India, for the coinage of British dollars at the Indian mints at a seigniorage of one per centum. It is pointed out that if silver deposited for coinage into British dollars is allowed to lie in the Mint for long periods owing to the priority given to Indian and Straits coinage, the effect may lead to grave monetary crises within this Colony. It is most desirable, in the interests of the trade of the Colony, that no such risks should be incurred, and I have to request that you will be so good as to make suitable representations on the subject to the Government of India.\n\n2. In the last paragraph of their letter Messrs. Smith and Cochrane point out that if Hong Kong is not provided with certain means of converting bullion into currency in the quantities required from time to time, the only alternative that suggests itself is the re-establishment of a local mint. On this subject I have to refer you to your Despatch, No. 179, of the 23rd May 1901, and the previous correspondence therein mentioned.\n\nI have, &c.,\n**HENRY A. BLAKE,**\nGovernor, &c.\n\nHong Kong, 6th July 1903.\n\nWe have the honour to inform you that the under-mentioned Banks received notice on 10th ultimo of the termination of the agreement made on 14th December 1894, between them, and the Secretary of State in Council of India, for the coinage of British dollars at the Indian Mints at a seigniorage of one per cent.\n\nThe said agreement was subject to six months' notice and therefore terminates on 10th December 1903.\n\nThe Secretary of State in Council of India states:--\n\nThat the Government of India propose to raise the seigniorage to two per cent. in future.\n\n\"Moreover, they anticipate that the re-coinage of rupees issued in the years 1840 to 1862, which are being steadily withdrawn from circulation, will provide work for the mints for some years to come, and that they will from time to time have to undertake fresh coinage from bullion in order to maintain the volume of the rupee currency, and they therefore desire further to modify the agreement so as to provide explicitly that the coinage of rupees shall, whenever necessary, have precedence over the coinage of British dollars.\n\n\"Should it be decided in accordance with the recommendation of the Straits Settlements Currency Committee, to issue a special dollar for use in that Colony, it is probable that the new coin will be manufactured at the Indian mints. In that case priority will be given to the Straits dollar as well as to the rupee, over the British dollar.\"\n\nWe now wish to bring to your notice that in our opinion this attitude on the part of the Government of India would not only result in great inconvenience to the trade of this Colony, but would be almost certain to lead at times to serious contraction of currency, and on occasion might bring about a grave financial crisis.\n\nIt is seldom possible to foresee actual requirements a long way ahead, and with the rupee and the Straits new dollar having priority, it is readily conceivable that silver bullion deposited in the Indian Mints for coinage into British dollars might be subject to indefinite delay at a time when coin was urgently required in Hong Kong.\n\nIt is true the Mexican dollar is also legal tender by weight of `717/1000` Hong Kong dollars, and it is quite possible may be available in sufficient quantity for some time, but its supply is governed by the balance of trade in Mexico and experience has proved that it cannot be relied on with any degree of certainty. Moreover, the Government of Mexico are at present considering the question of changing the basis of their currency, and if this should be carried out the coinage of the present Mexican dollar will cease, so that it is not safe to depend on relief from that quarter.\n\nIn view of the fact that this Colony is entirely dependent on outside sources for its supply of currency, we trust you may be able to make such representations to the Government of India as may lead them to re-consider their intention of giving priority to both India and the Straits, in order that silver deposited for coinage into British dollars may continue to be minted within reasonable time, and also to appeal to them to modify their present proposal to double the seigniorage.\n\nWe venture to think that this small concession to the needs of this Colony will not greatly inconvenience the Indian mints as owing to the demonetisation of the British dollar in the Straits, the amount of silver deposited for coinage is not likely to be on a large scale for some time to come.\n\nThere is no doubt, however, that the British dollar is gradually making its way into circulation throughout China, more particularly in the North, and as this cannot help proving advantageous to British interests generally, it would seem desirable that instead of placing restrictions on the supply, every encouragement should be given to increase its circulation.\n\nIt seems to us indispensable that the Colony should be provided with some certain means of converting bullion into currency, as required, and, if the Government of India do not see their way to meet us in the matter, the only alternative appears to be to re-establish a local mint.\n\nWe have, &c.,\n\nFor the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation,\n**J. R. M. SMITH, Chief Manager.**\n\nFor the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China,\n**T. B. COCHRANE, Manager, Hong Kong.**\n\nThe Hon. E. H. May, C.M.G., Colonial Secretary.\n\n## Annex 3\n## Colonial Office to Governor of Hong Kong\n**(Confidential.)**\n\nColonial Office, Downing Street, 28th August 1903.\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your confidential despatch of the 16th ultimo on the subject of the coinage of British dollars.\n\n2. You will have observed from the letter from the Government of India enclosed in my confidential despatch of the 22nd of May, that the ...\n\nPage 330\nPage 331",
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        "content_text": "324 \n\nThe requirements of the rupee currency have in the past been placed before the demand for British dollars, and in this respect, it is only proposed under the new Agreement to provide expressly for the continuance of the past practice. As regards the priority of the new Straits Settlements dollars, it is not expected that the demands for this coinage will be very large except during the initial period, and, as pointed out by the Managers of the Banks in the letter which accompanies your despatch, the proposed demonetization of the British dollar in the Straits is likely to prevent any large demand for the coinage of British dollars for some time to come. Moreover, there appears to have been a considerable over-demand for British dollars at the Indian mint (see last paragraph of the letter from the Government of India referred to above), and I may also point out that the Straits Currency Committee in their Report, paragraph 58, anticipate a considerable drain of British and Mexican dollars from the Straits Settlements and the Federated Malay States. I see, therefore, little reason to anticipate any inconvenience from a deficiency of dollars at Hong Kong in the near future, and, as far as I am aware, there is no special reason to expect any change in Mexico affecting the supply of Mexican dollars at an early date, while the demonetization of that dollar in the Philippines will no doubt set free a large additional supply.\n\n3. After the initial supply of the new Straits Settlements dollar has been completed, the demand will probably not be large - only for what will be sufficient to meet the expansion of business in the area in which it will circulate - and of course, these future demands will cause a pro tanto decrease in the demand for British or Mexican dollars. It appears, therefore, that the supply of dollars in Hong Kong will not be affected in the future by the coinage of the Straits Settlements dollar.\n\n4. The priority of the Straits Settlements dollar during the initial period is practically a necessity, having regard to the measures required for a change of currency, and in the future, it does not seem likely that the demands will be so large as to cause inconvenience to the Banks, whilst it seems reasonable that orders executed for Government account should have priority over the uncertain requirements of the Banks.\n\n5. I am forwarding a copy of your despatch and its enclosure with a copy of this reply to the India Office, and am requesting that a reference may be made to the Government of India with a view to obtaining a report on the probable capacity of the Mints to cope with demands for British dollars in the future, having regard to the requirements for rupees and Straits Settlements dollars. I will inform you of the result of this reference. I am disposed to think that the question of re-establishing a mint at Hong Kong should not be re-considered until it has been found by experience that the Indian Mints cannot turn out a sufficient supply of British dollars.\n\n5. As regards the rate of seigniorage which it is proposed to charge, it appears to me that a charge of two per cent. is fair and reasonable (see paragraph 3, of the letter from the Government of India quoted above), and I do not feel able to make any representation to the India Office on this head.\n\nGovernor Sir H. A. Blake, G.C.M.G., &c., &c., &c.\n\nI am, &c., \nJ. CHAMBERLAIN.\n\n`F. 6475`\n\n## Enclosure No. 2 \n### India Office to Colonial Office \nIndia Office, 5th September 1903.\n\nSir,\n\nI am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 28th ultimo, No. 30,709, on the subject of the proposed new agreement for the coinage of British dollars in India, and in reply to forward, for the information of Mr. Secretary Chamberlain, a copy of a telegram* which has been sent to the Viceroy asking for information as to the capacity of the Indian Mints to cope with demands for British dollars in the future.\n\n* Dated 2nd September 1903.\n\nI am, &c., \nThe Under Secretary of State, Colonial Office.\n\n`F. 6874`\nF. W. NEWMARCH, Assistant Financial Secretary.\n\n## Enclosure No. 3 \n### India Office to Colonial Office \nIndia Office, 24th September 1903.\n\nSir,\n\nWith reference to the letter from this Office, No. `F. 6175`, dated 5th instant, and previous correspondence, I am directed to forward, for the information of Mr. Secretary Chamberlain, a copy of a telegram† from the Viceroy, regarding the capacity of the Indian Mints to cope with demands for British dollars in the future, having regard to the requirements of the rupee coinage, and also to the requirements of the new Straits dollar.\n\n† Dated 12th September 1903.\n\nIt will be seen that the Government of India estimate that they will probably be able in the future to meet the demand for the coinage of British dollars, notwithstanding the priority to be given to Straits dollars and Indian rupees, but they decline to give a definite undertaking to this effect.\n\nI am to add that the substance of the Viceroy's telegram is being communicated to the Banks by this Office.\n\nI have, &c., \nThe Under Secretary of State, Colonial Office.\n\n`F. 6874`\nHORACE WALPOLE.\n\n## Enclosure No. 4 \n### India Office to Banks \nIndia Office, 24th September 1903.\n\nWith reference to the letter addressed to you from this Office on the 2nd July last, No. `F. 4129`, and previous correspondence, I am directed to inform you that the Secretary of State for India in Council has now received from the Government of India a report on the subject of the representations contained in your letter of the 15th June last, but that after considering those representations, and the remarks of the Government of India upon them, Lord George Hamilton is unable...\n\n`13581` \nC",
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        "content_text": "to reconsider his decision to determine the contract with your Bank and the Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China, in six months from the 10th June last.\n\nAs you are well aware, the circumstances under which the Government of India were willing, in 1894, to undertake the coinage of British dollars at the low rate of seigniorage of 1 per cent, and without expressly stipulating that the coinage of rupees must take precedence over the coinage of dollars, were wholly exceptional and have now ceased to exist.\n\nUnder the altered conditions of the present time, Lord George Hamilton agrees with the Government of India in holding that it would not be advantageous to them to continue the coinage of dollars on those terms, and that they cannot reasonably be expected to subordinate Indian interests to considerations for the trade of the East.\n\nI am, however, to inform you that your apprehensions based on the proposal to close the Calcutta Mint may be dismissed, inasmuch as that proposal has been dropped.\n\nI am to add that the Government of India have lately been asked, at the instance of the Colonial Office, to furnish an estimate of the capability of the Indian Mints to cope with demands for British dollars in the future, having regard to the requirements of the rupee coinage, and also to the requirements of the new Straits dollar.\n\nThey estimate that after meeting any but extraordinary Government requirements, their mints can coin annually about 50,000,000 dollars, Straits and British combined. At the present time 600,000 British dollars can be coined weekly, besides meeting the existing demand for 450,000 Straits dollars a week.\n\nThey add that demands for British dollars can probably be met in full, notwithstanding the priority to be given to the coinage of rupees and Straits dollars, but you will understand that they are naturally not prepared to give a definite undertaking to this effect.\n\nThe Manager,  \nHong Kong and Shanghai Banking Company.\n\nThe Manager,  \nChartered Bank of India, Australia and China.\n\nI have, &c.,  \nHORACE WALPOLE,\n\n# Page 325",
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        "content_text": "# Inclosure 23 in No. 1.\n\n## PROPOSITION STATEMENT OF HUNZA LEVIES, PRESENT Strength and Expenditure.\n\n### Details.\n\n#### Civil Levies.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Mir Muhammad Nazim Khan, at 40 rupees per mensem | 40 0 0 | 480 0 0 |\n| Wazir Humayun Beg, at 20 rupees per mensem | 20 0 0 | 240 0 0 |\n\n#### Mir's Body Guard.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 leader, at 10 rupees per mensem | 10 0 0 | 120 0 0 |\n| 12 levies, at 3 rupees per mensem each | 36 0 0 | 432 0 0 |\n\n#### Ordinary Levies.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 leader, at 13 rupees per mensem | 13 0 0 | 156 0 0 |\n| 1 sub-leader, at 13 rupees per mensem | 13 0 0 | 156 0 0 |\n| 51 levies, at 6 rupees per mensem | 306 0 0 | 3,672 0 0 |\n| 8 section commanders, at 4 rupees per mensem each | 32 0 0 | 384 0 0 |\n| 90 levies, at 2 rupees per mensem each | 180 0 0 | 2,160 0 0 |\n| 12 special duty allowance, at 4 rupees per mensem each | 48 0 0 | 576 0 0 |\n| 1 Agency levy munshi for Hunza Nagar, pay and ration concessions | 58 4 2 | 699 2 0 |\n\n#### Fighting Levies.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 leader, at 15 rupees per mensem | 15 0 0 | 180 0 0 |\n| 1 sub-leader, at 13 rupees per mensem | 13 0 0 | 156 0 0 |\n| 5 section commanders, at 4 rupees per mensem each | 20 0 0 | 240 0 0 |\n| 47 levies, at 2 rupees per mensem each | 94 0 0 | 1,128 0 0 |\n| 4 handsmen, at 1 rupee per mensem each | 4 0 0 | 48 0 0 |\n\n#### Contingencies for Hunza-Nagar.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Total | 639 2 0 | 7,668 2 0 |\n\n### Total.\n\n| Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1,014 4 2 | 12,173 2 0 |\n\n## Continued.\n\n### Details.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 6 handsmen, at 1 rupee per mensem each | 6 0 0 | 72 0 0 |\n| 21 section commanders, at 4 rupees per mensem each | 84 0 0 | 1,008 0 0 |\n| 1 Agency munshi for Hunza-Nagar, pay and ration concessions | ... | ... |\n| Allowance to Mir's munshi, at 10 rupees per mensem | 10 0 0 | 120 0 0 |\n\n#### Mir's Body Guard.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 leader, at 10 rupees per mensem | 10 0 0 | 120 0 0 |\n| 20 levies, at 3 rupees per mensem each | 60 0 0 | 720 0 0 |\n| 2 section commanders, at 10 rupees per mensem each | 20 0 0 | 240 0 0 |\n\n### Other Expenditures.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Cost of rations to levies for a fortnight's musketry training | 125 0 0 | ... |\n| Extra duty pay to levies for a fortnight's musketry training | 20 0 0 | 240 0 0 |\n| Prizes for musketry | ... | ... |\n| Contingencies for musketry | 94 0 0 | 1,128 0 0 |\n\n#### Civil Levies in Gughal.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 section commander, at 4 rupees per mensem | 4 0 0 | 48 0 0 |\n| 27 levies, at 2 rupees per mensem each | 54 0 0 | 648 0 0 |\n| 6 special duty allowance to levies for guarding bridges, &c., at 4 rupees per mensem each | 24 0 0 | 288 0 0 |\n\n### Total.\n\n| Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- |\n| 525 0 0 | 6,300 0 0 |\n| ... | 14,486 2 0 |\n\nPage 15\n\n## PROPOSITION STATEMENT OF NAGAR LEVIES, PRESENT Strength and Expenditure.\n\n### Details.\n\n#### Civil Levies.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Rajah Sikandar Khan, at 40 rupees per mensem | 40 0 0 | 480 0 0 |\n| Wazir Khuda Amau, at 20 rupees per mensem | 20 0 0 | 240 0 0 |\n\n### PROPOSED Strength and Expenditure.\n\n#### Details.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Mir Muhammad Nazim Khan, at 40 rupees per mensem | 40 0 0 | 480 0 0 |\n| Wazir Humayan Beg, at 20 rupees per mensem | 20 0 0 | 240 0 0 |\n| 250 fighting levies, at 2 rupees per mensem each | 500 0 0 | 6,000 0 0 |\n| Extra duty pay to 10 levies at Murkashi, at 4 rupees per mensem each | 40 0 0 | 480 0 0 |\n| Cost of rations for above, at 4 rupees per mensem each | 40 0 0 | 480 0 0 |\n| Extra duty pay to 1 section commander at Murkashi, at 4 rupees per mensem | 4 0 0 | 48 0 0 |\n| Cost of rations for above, at 4 rupees per mensem | 4 0 0 | 48 0 0 |\n| 1 subadar of levies, at 25 rupees per mensem | 25 0 0 | 300 0 0 |\n| 5 jamadars of levies, at 16 rupees per mensem each | 80 0 0 | 960 0 0 |\n| 4 section commanders, at 7 rupees per mensem each | 28 0 0 | 336 0 0 |\n\n#### Rajah's Body Guard.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 leader, at 10 rupees per mensem | 10 0 0 | 120 0 0 |\n| 12 levies, at 3 rupees per mensem each | 36 0 0 | 432 0 0 |\n\n#### Ordinary Levies.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 4 section commanders, at 4 rupees per mensem each | 16 0 0 | 192 0 0 |\n| 80 levies, at 2 rupees per mensem each | 160 0 0 | 1,920 0 0 |\n| 3 special duty allowances, at 2 rupees per mensem each | 6 0 0 | 72 0 0 |\n\n#### Fighting Levies.\n\n| Details | Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 leader, at 8 rupees per mensem | 8 0 0 | 96 0 0 |\n| 3 section commanders, at 4 rupees per mensem each | 12 0 0 | 144 0 0 |\n| 40 levies, at 2 rupees per mensem each | 80 0 0 | 960 0 0 |\n| 6 handsmen, at 1 rupee per mensem each | 6 0 0 | 72 0 0 |\n\n### Total.\n\n| Monthly Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) | Annual Expenditure (Rs. a. p.) |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1,079 0 0 | 12,948 0 0 |\n| 460 ... 0 | 5,520 0 0 |\n| 389 ... ... | ... |",
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        "content_text": "## PROPOSED Strength and Expenditure.\n\n### Details.\n\n| Monthly Expenditure | Annual Expenditure |\n| --- | --- |\n| Rs. A. P. | Rs. A. P. |\n\nRajah Sikandar Khan, at 40 rupees per mensem  \nWazir Khuda Aman, at 20 rupees per mensem  \n250 fighting levies, at 2 rupees per mensem each  \n1 subadar of levies, at 25 rupees per mensem  \n6 jamadurs of levies, at 15 rupees per mensem each  \n2 section commanders, at 7 rupees per mensem each  \n23 section commanders, at 4 rupees per mensem each  \n1 muns hi for the Rajah, at 10 rupees per mensem  \n6 bandsmen, at 1 rupee each  \n\n| 40 0 0 | 480 0 0 |\n| 20 0 0 | 240 0 0 |\n| 500 0 0 | 6,000 0 0 |\n| 25 0 0 | 300 0 0 |\n| 90 0 0 | 1,080 0 0 |\n| 14 0 0 | 168 0 0 |\n| 92 0 0 | 1,104 0 0 |\n| 10 0 0 | 120 0 0 |\n| 6 0 0 | 72 0 0 |\n\n### Rajah's Body Guard.\n\n1 leader, at 10 rupees per mensem  \n20 levies, at 3 rupees per mensem each  \n2 section commanders, at 4 rupees per mensem each  \n\n| 10 0 0 | 120 0 0 |\n| 60 0 0 | 720 0 0 |\n| 8 0 0 | 96 0 0 |\n\nCost of rations to levies for a fortnight's musketry training  \nExtra duty pay to levies for fortnight prizes for musketry  \nPrizes for musketry  \nContingencies for musketry  \n4 special duty allowances to levies for guarding bridges, &c., at 4 rupees per mensem each  \n\n| 525 0 0 |  |\n| 125 0 0 |  |\n| 50 0 0 |  |\n| 16 0 0 |  |\n| 16 0 0 | 192 0 0 |\n\nTotal  \n| 11,854 0 0 |\n\n**(Signed)**  \n**B. E. M. GURDON, Captain,**  \n**Political Agent in Gilgit.**\n\n`[2167 -1]`\n\n## ABSTRACT of New Hunza-Nagar Levy Scheme.\n\n| Present Number of Levies | Proposed Number of Levies | Annual Expenditure | Increase in Expenditure | Remarks |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | 390 | Rs. 14,488 2 ... |  |  |\n| 167 |  | Rs. 7,199 0 0 |  | do |\n| 20 |  | Rs. 3813 ... |  |  |\n|  | 170 |  | Rs. 6,344 0 0 |  |\n| 337 |  | Rs. 13,543 0 0 |  |  |\n\n### Agency Place.\n\n| Number | Annual Expenditure | Increase in Expenditure | Remarks |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Hunza | 175 | 7,287 2 Rs. | Including Insunar |\n| Hunza | 113 | 5,520 0 0 |  |\n| Nagar |  |  |  |\n| Total .. | 318 | 12,807 2 0 |  |\n\n### Total.\n\n|  | Number | Annual Expenditure |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  | 655 |  |\n\n**(Signed)**  \n**B. E. M. GURDON, Captain,**  \n**Political Agent in Gilgit.**",
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        "content_text": "# \n募 \n\n16 \n\nconfined to the lower slopes. Half-way up the hills where our road lay opium was the most important crop, followed by a summer sowing of maize, but we also saw some patches of wheat and beans.\n\nThe Lisu are stay-at-home people, which is not surprising in view of the difficulty of getting about. Few of them can give any information about country more than three days' march from their own village, and fewer still have ever seen a town of 1,000 inhabitants or a square mile of flat country. These hills are so cut off from all relief by the outer world, and the villagers are so poor, that the problem of how to get enough to eat is the burning question of the day. There are no free-traders here. In none of the villages beyond Lu Chang could we buy a pound of rice or other cereals, though fowls and an occasional goat were forthcoming. Even paterfamilias practises high protection. He tries to get enough grain to feed himself and his family till the next harvest, and will not let a spoonful go out of the house.\n\nThe Chinese lower down the Salween regard all the country above Mao Chao as \"black\" or wild Lisu territory, utterly beyond the pale of civilization. There are no Chinese residents on the Salween north of Cheng Ka. No doubt the Lisu often raid in various directions, hunger being the chief incentive, though sometimes the object is to make slaves, or, in the case of forays towards the north, to cut off the Chinese gold-workers. The slave traffic seems fairly brisk. At Pai Pa the price of a male or female child of 8 to 10 years was about 20 rupees, but some of our porters told us that if we could come on to their village some distance further north we should find a larger selection and at easier rates. The slavery is of the domestic type, but the slave has also to work in the fields.\n\nAt Pai Pa, while I was sitting in my tent, I was surprised by a very dirty old man with remarkably brilliant black eyes, who threw himself down on the ground at the door of my tent and began a chant in a high, loud voice. I thought that he was a beggar, and asked the by-standers what his song was all about. They said in a rather awe-struck manner that they did not understand it. On inquiry I then discovered that I was in the presence of the local soothsayer, or medicine man.\n\nRealizing that he might be a person of some importance, I at once gave him a necklace of red beads and a rupee, whereupon he declared, in language which could be understood of the people, that my goings and comings in the Lisu country would be most prosperous--an announcement which had an impressive effect on the by-standers.\n\nThese \"tien ssu,\" or prophets, as the Chinese call them, are to be found in many Lisu villages. They deal in charms, medicines, funeral rites, omens, incantations, and in the knowledge of all things which, for the ordinary mortal, are hidden in the womb of time. No doubt among the ignorant villagers they have considerable influence, and could, if they wished, raise disturbances. The language of their trade is probably an archaic form of Lisu, and the various chants and invocations which they use have been handed down for generations and from times of old.\n\nI cannot confirm the reports of the savage and barbarous habits of these Lisu. I was entirely in their hands for two weeks, and I found that their good-will was very easy to win.\n\nPorters were always forthcoming so long as there was a ration of rice to give them, and I never had the least trouble. They are a hardy race, and though their manners are rough, they did not appear to be given to quarrelling among themselves like the Kachins, and the European traveller can march with them without feeling that uncontrollable desire to assault them which he nearly always feels in the case of Chinese coolies. Given the absence of Chinese soldiers and officials, and a carefully arranged supply of food, the complete exploration of the Lisu country on the Upper Salween would, for a good walker, be no difficult task, provided that he went in the autumn, when the weather is fine, when there is the minimum of snow on the passes, and local supplies of cereal food for a small party could be purchased.\n\nFrom the village of Pai Pa there is a pass via the village of Chi Me Le westwards over the great Salween divide to Langsu or the Maru country along the N Maikha, while Kang Fang on the Upper Ngaw Chang River can also be reached by this pass in four days from Pai Pa. There is said to be another route over this range some three days north of Pai Pa, but the communication between the Salween and the N'Maikha is difficult and unfrequent, as the Marus and Lisu have very little to do with each other. We had hoped to explore the Chi Me Le Pass, but the deep snows and continuous rain rendered the track quite impassable.\n\n17\n\n## Chinese Expedition to the Maru Country\n\n441\n\nThe Chinese Headman of Ku T'an, a village near Teng Keng, came into camp at Lu Chang and told me all about an attempt which had been made in the 16th year of Kwang Hsü (1890) to establish Chinese influence on the Upper N'Maikha. He had taken charge of the expedition, which consisted of fifty persons, nearly all Chinese. The venture was financed by the Teng Keng, Ta Tang, and Ming Kwang Headmen to the extent of 3,000 taels. It had two objects--firstly, to check the advance of British control from Myitkyina; and, secondly, to work the brine wells on the N'Maikha at about latitude 26° 30′.\n\nThe venture proved a failure owing to the extreme difficulty of the country, the absence of proper arrangements to bring up supplies, and the deadly climate. The Headman told me that he could speak some Maru, and had remained on the Upper N'Maikha for about seven months. The Maru villages he described as being constantly at feud with one another, and endeavouring to enlist his assistance in their quarrels.\n\nThe brine wells proved to be rich, but the expense and difficulty of transport to China rendered it impossible to make any profit, and the attempt to establish a Chinese colony had to be abandoned. This Ku Tan Headman was a particularly intelligent man, and told me that the Chinese, with their methods, would never be able to open up the country, and that they have no funds to make what was absolutely essential, namely, a passable track. He asked me to mention that he would like to serve under any British officer who might be conducting an expedition into the Maru country. His route had been via Kang Fang, then across the Ngaw Chang, and up into the mountains beyond.\n\nTo describe the government of the Lisu on the Upper Salween would be like describing the snakes of Iceland. North of latitude 26° there is practically none, except in so far as the \"prophets\" and old men of each village look after the affairs of that village. The jurisdiction of the Teng Keng Fu Yi (residing on the right bank of the Salween, latitude 26°), extends along the right bank only as far as the Ku Tan. Many of Teng Keng's villages are Chinese, or half-caste Lisu. The Teng Keng Fu Yi is a boy of about 16. Proceeding north, the next Fu Yi is at Lu Chang, to the north of the Ku Tan Stream, and situated at 6,000 feet high above the right bank of the Salween. This Fu Yi is an intelligent child of 9; he is of Lisu extraction, and the clan name is Cha. His affairs are managed by his mother and their villagers. Practically all Lisu seem to be in a prosperous and happy condition. The Lu Chang territory is about 10 miles from south to north. Next comes the Mao Chao Fu Yi. His village, like Lu Chang, is perched on a terrace 3,000 feet above the right bank of the river, and backed by the snowy Irrawaddy divide. This Fu Yi is about 35 years of age; his territory is some 14 miles from north to south, and entirely inhabited by Lisu. His rule is wholly confined to attempts, sometimes successful, sometimes otherwise, to levy money or goods from his villages. Pai Pa is the last Mao Chao village proceeding north.\n\nBeyond Pai Pa for three days the country nominally belongs to the Lao Wo Fu Yi, who resides in the hills between the Salween and the Mekong at about latitude 26°. The village of Cheng-ka, on the right bank of the Salween, below Pai Pa, and its ferry belongs to him, and his agent resides at Cheng-ka. Lao Wo's efforts at government appear to be less successful than those of Mao Chao, but they go further, for he does not confine himself to trying to levy money; he also endeavours from time to time to raid his subjects and carry off the fairest of their damsels.\n\nAgain, north of the territory claimed by Lao Wo, the Fu Yi of Chou, known as \"Lo Tu Kuan,\" i.e., the native official Lo, who has his residence on the Mekong, is supposed to be the overlord of the Lisu on both banks of the Salween; but his control, even on the left bank, and in the hills between the Salween and the Mekong, is of so shadowy a description that it may be said not to exist at all.\n\nNone of these Fu Yi appear to claim, and most certainly none of them control, any territory to the west of the great divide in the Irrawaddy basin.\n\nNorth of about latitude 27° 40′ the La Tzu tribe along the banks of the Salween are supposed to be tributary to the Moso, Thibetan Chief of Yetche, on the left bank of the Mekong. North, again, of the Lu Tzu country, i.e., from about latitude 28° 20′, the Salween Valley is, it is believed, wholly inhabited by Thibetans of the Tsarong Province.\n\n[2167 x-1]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
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    {
        "id": 403541,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 450,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "## 20\n\nThe area is uninhabitable for an average distance of 6 to 8 miles from the crest. This range divides all the Kachins (on the Burmah side) from all the Chinese (on the Yunnon side). Further, all the Lisu, with the exception of a few scattered hamlets, and all the Lu Tzu would be on the Chinese side. Moreover, the frontier proposed is already recognized as such by the natives all along the line, even in the case of the Pien Ma people, who, while recognizing themselves as tributary to Teng Keng, still regard the watershed as the frontier between them and China proper.\n\n3. We find that the adoption of any other frontier would be highly detrimental to the interests of Burmah and in the long run scarcely less injurious to China. Chinese territorial claims on the N'Maikha side could not be recognized without forming an enclave where all the discontented, restless, or criminal spirits could find a safe refuge beyond the reach of the British Government. This would greatly increase the expense and difficulty of even a partial administration. Such an enclave would have to be surrounded by a line of forts, maintained at heavy cost. That the Yunnan Government will not, indeed cannot, reduce its tribes to order is not a matter of speculation, but of actual experience, witness the Blamo frontier, where considerable tracts on the China side are under no sort of control and Burmah has to maintain a military police force to an extent which, so far as the British Kachins are concerned, would be wholly unnecessary.\n\nIf Yunnan cannot control these Kachins, who are close to the main trade routes and adjacent to Tengyueh, what likelihood is there that any serious steps would be taken by the Mandarins to establish order in the distant N'Maikha basin, especially when even the pretence of a military force in West Yunnan has been abandoned? This being the case, to recognize their claims would be to involve them in constant difficulties with regard to frontier disputes. What the Chinese really want is precisely what we ought not to concede, namely, that we should save their face by recognizing their claims and they should nevertheless not be put to any expense or trouble in order to control or to police the country claimed; in other words, that we should admit their full rights of sovereignty without expecting them to fulfil any of its duties. The Taotai assures me that the Fu Yi will guarantee the good behaviour of the tribes and that he will guarantee the good behaviour of the Fu Yi; but this does not improve matters; it is simply Bardolph going bail for Falstaff. I should, like the tailor, want better assurance.\n\n4. We suggest that there is now quite sufficient information to enable a frontier to be laid down at Peking or London, and therefore recommend that His Majesty's Government should not consent to dispatch any further parties for inquiry or delimitation, except possibly to lay down boundary pillars when the frontier has been accepted by China. We further recommend that no further discussion with the Chinese as to what the boundary is to be should be entertained after the results of the present inquiry, with the map, have been laid before them. The negotiations, if any, should be confined to the presentation of a draft Convention in which the only matter for discussion is the amount and mode of payment of the compensation to be made by Burmah for Teng Keng's claims; or, in the alternative, if the Chinese refuse to sign such a Convention, to a declaration that the water-divide is the line which we intend to regard as the frontier in future.\n\n5. As regards payment, we suggest that not only the revenue actually obtained by Teng Keng should be considered, but also the value to the Government of Burmah of a speedy settlement. A payment of 500 rupees per annum will, in fact, more than compensate for the discontinuance of present actual receipts, but it will be well worth while to pay 1,000 rupees, or even a few hundreds more, to obtain an immediate acceptance of the line proposed.\n\nWhile the convenience of paying a lump sum to extinguish the claims once and for all may be admitted, it will probably on the whole be preferable to pay an annuity to the Chinese Headmen, which they would receive quamdiu se bene gesserint. If after a settlement had been reached they molested or caused disorder among the people on the N'Maikha side, payment could be withheld, whereas if a lump sum had been paid we should have no further hold over them. Moreover, the Chinese are more likely to be willing to accept an annual payment than a lump sum, as the latter might be regarded as a transaction for the sale of Celestial land. The money could be paid via the Consul and the Taotai to the Chinese Headmen in such proportions as the Taotai might direct, though, as a fact, Teng Keng is the only man who has any claims to a single rupee.\n\n6. We recommend that every effort, by simultaneous and continuous pressure both at Peking and Yunnan, should be made to induce the Chinese Government to accept the watershed frontier.\n\n## 21\n\n7. If they consent to this, there seem no reasons why the Government of Burmah should be in any hurry to administer the country, but it might possibly be advisable to send a small expedition to establish friendly relations with the Lashi Headmen along the Ngaw Chang, Kan Sheng, and Pien Ma Rivers, and to explain to them that henceforth they are not subject to China, and that the Chinese Headmen have no right to molest them.\n\n8. If the Chinese still refuse to abandon their pretensions, then it will be for the Government of Burmah to consider whether the advance of British administration, or at least of control, along the N'Maikha should not be accelerated. The only argument against this (but it is a weighty one) is the expense; on the other hand, it is clear that sooner or later this expense will have to be undertaken. The people at present seem friendly to us on the N'Maikha side, and there appears for the moment to be little danger of Chinese intrigues. It is therefore probable that the sooner the task is taken up, the less expensive it will be. Further, the sooner the country comes under British control, the sooner the question of the frontier will be finally settled and the danger of friction with the Chinese avoided. It may be argued and admitted that the territory in dispute is of no immediate or intrinsic value, and that there is no necessity to take immediate action, or even that graceful concessions may be made to the Chinese in respect of it; it is—\n\n\"a little patch of ground  \nThat hath in it no profit but the name.  \nTo pay  \nfive ducats, five, I would not farm it;  \nNor will it yield to Norway or the Pole  \nA ranker rate should it be sold in fee.\"\n\nThe reply is that, in considering a frontier, attention has to be paid to the possibilities of the distant future, and not merely to the political convenience of the moment. While the territory is intrinsically worthless, it is of much importance in matters of this kind. Graceful concessions in relation to the future administration of a vast tract of country have never helped us with the Chinese; besides, to yield on this point would be to confer on our Celestial friends a damnosa hereditas.\n\nOn the whole, we submit that no time should be lost in taking such action as will place beyond all doubt or possibility of future question the principle that the whole of the basin of the Irrawaddy up to the Salween divide is within the sphere of Indian influence. To secure this, it will not be necessary to touch any of the country west of the N'Maikha, nor on the east of that river, to set up an administration so precise as that which now exists in the Kachin Hills near Bhamo. All that seems to be called for is some improvement of the principal line of communication from the Shi Ngaw River, first to the Chi Pwi, then to the line of the Kan Sheng-Ngaw Chang, and then along the Ngaw Chang, all this country being gradually brought within the sphere of the Civil Officer's tour, and special attention being paid to establishing good relations with the Hparè, Lung Pang, and Pien Ma Headmen, who are nearest to China.\n\nIf these ends could be attained without fighting, there would, perhaps, be no present necessity for establishing a military post, which could not be done without great expense, especially for rationing. The country beyond and to the north of Ngaw Chang, which is inhabited by wild Marus, is so far from any Chinese influences that its administration may probably in any case be indefinitely postponed.\n\nIt is true that past experience among other Kachins goes to show that this tract could not be brought under control without military operations. But I may observe that most of the serious collisions which have occurred in the Kachin country, such as at Sima, Sadôn, and Matang in the early '90's, or at Hparè in 1900, were the immediate outcome of intrigues directed from the Tengyueh yamêns by Chinese officials. Now that so responsible an official as a Taotai is at Tengyueh in charge of frontier affairs, it is less likely that we shall have to anticipate difficulties of that kind; at least the Consular officers now established in Yünnan would probably be able to detect any such conspiracy. For the present, I anticipate nothing of the kind, and that is another reason why the opportunity seems favourable for an advance of British control up the N'Maikha; later on, the Mandarins may begin their old tricks again, for their real character remains ever the same, Naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret. Further, the Kachins now understand better what British control means, and are less likely to resent it, and less likely to listen to the Chinese.\n\n9. If the limit of our control is pushed north, it may be advisable to remember that the upper waters of the N'Maikha are auriferous, perhaps highly auriferous. Until expert opinion has been obtained on the point, it would be well to abstain from granting any extensive concessions in this country.\n\nPage 443  \nPage 450  \nPage 451",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 409574,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 640,
        "title": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "are much lower per mile.\n\nComparing with Indian Railways of the working of which I have had some experience, I do not think that the estimate is at all too sanguine.\n\nFor this purpose, I do not think it unreasonable to take a Dollar as equal to a Rupee.\n\nThe local labour here is very expensive, and the work done by a thing man on One dollar a day is only about equal to the work done by an Indian on one Rupee per day.\n\nSimilar lines running into the large sea ports are the Eastern Bengal, East Indian, and the Bombay Baroda, which earn Rupees 107, 96, and 64 per mile per day. The latter Railway has a good deal of line through a country which does not pay at all. This line is altogether through a paying country.\n\nThe percentage of Working Expenses of the gross earnings for the above Railways are 42.54, 33.47, and 47.13.\n\nI do not think my estimate is at all exaggerated.\n\nThe principle of varying the rates per mile according to outside competition may give rise to a good deal of discussion, but it is the custom on Railways to do so. At present, there is an attempt being made at home to stop this, as produce from abroad is very often carried from the sea port to London at cheaper rates than home-grown articles.\n\nHowever, unless such a system is allowed, I do not see how the line is to pay for a good many years to come.\n\nThe profit of $935/- per day gives a total of $341,275/- per annum, which will pay 31% on the capital cost, but will leave very little to put by to allow for depreciation of plant.\n\nChief Resident Engineer,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 410699,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-342 - Governor Lugard & Public Offices - 1907 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 323,
        "title": "CO129-342 - Governor Lugard & Public Offices - 1907 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "318 \n\nThis gives the percentage of working expenses of gross earnings at 47-45% which is not very much out.\n\nI do not think though the working expenses per mile is very high.\n\nThe corresponding figures for the Imperial Railways of North China are Gross Earnings 59/- Working Expenses 17/- Profit 42/- per day per mile giving a percentage of Working Expenses as 28% of the Gross Earnings. The line being longer the Working Expenses are much lower per mile.\n\nComparing with Indian Railways of the working of which I have had some experience I do not think that the estimate is at all too sanguine.\n\nFor this purpose I do not think it unreasonable to take a Dollar as equal to a Rupee.\n\nThe local labour here is very expensive and the work done by a Chinaman on one dollar a day is only about equal to the work done by an Indian on one Rupee per day.\n\nSimilar lines running into the large sea ports are the Eastern Bengal, East Indian and the Bombay Baroda which earn Rupees 107, 96 and 64 per mile per day. The latter Railway has a good deal of line through a country which does not pay at all. This line is altogether through a paying country.\n\nFor the above Railways the percentage of working Expenses of the gross earnings are 54.22, 33.47 and 47.13.\n\nI do not think my estimate is at all exaggerated.\n\nThe principle of varying the rates per mile according to outside competition may give rise to a good deal of ...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-342 - Governor Lugard & Public Offices - 1907 [11-12].txt",
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        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 411844,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 344,
        "title": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## alleged discrimination Hongkong against medical practitioners from the United States of America\n\n(Signed) C. P. LUCAS.\n\nPage 343\n\n**DOMESTIC.**\n\n**Office or Individual.**\n\n**Foreign 1907**\n\n7 June\n\n**Last previous Paper.**\n\n41990\n\n**HONG KONG**\n\nNo. 2292\n\n**(Subject.)**\n\nChinese Railways\n\n22921\n\nPr 27 JUN 07\n\nHupee Loan\n\nLeeds copy tel. from Peking refuting objections raised by Germans to proposed arrangement, suggesting elimination of French name.\n\n**(Minutes.)**\n\nIn Lum\n\nSave Minutes\n\nTo\n\n21990\n\nCPd-29\n\n**Next subsequent Paper.**\n\nto Твод",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 413449,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 396,
        "title": "CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# No. 71\n## Hongkong\n\nMy Lord,\n\n539  \n14054  \n24 APR 08  \n\n### Government House, Hongkong, 24th March, 1908.\n\nI have the honour to inform Your Lordship that in July, 1906, the Petition (copy of which is enclosed) was submitted on behalf of the Indian Police praying for the substitution of exchange compensation for the system under which they remit half of their pay to India at the enhanced rate of 44 cents to the Rupee, and for an increase of pay.\n\n2. As the latter did not appear to be called for at the time, Sir Matthew Nathan did not entertain the application, but in order to obviate the discounting of remittances in the Colony by Indian Police some of whom have no trustworthy person to remit to in India, and the squandering of remittance money by the payees in India, he allowed the Indian Police to remit to Banks in India, a system which obtains in the Hongkong and Singapore Battalion, Royal Artillery. It was hoped that this concession would \n\n**The Right Honourable**  \n**The Earl of Elgin, K.G.,**  \n...  \n&c.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 413452,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 399,
        "title": "CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "## 113\n\nIt appears probable that the men frequently avail themselves of the privilege of remitting half of their pay merely because they are unwilling to forego the opportunity of securing the benefit of the enhanced remittance rate, and that many who have no relatives to whom they wish to remit, send the money to friends, by whom it is suggested they are not infrequently victimised.\n\nI have therefore the honour to recommend the following modification of the privilege which was granted under the circumstances explained in Sir William Robinson's Despatch No. 241 of 20th October, 1896. I propose that instead of being allowed to remit half of their pay as at present the Indian Police shall in future be paid every six months the difference between their half-pay for the six months and their half-pay calculated for remittance purposes at 44 cents to the rupee, in other words the sum total of their gain under the remittance scheme during the six months, and that they shall be allowed to remit this sum only through the Treasury.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 413457,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 404,
        "title": "CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# 337\n\nAt present our men stationed at various Police Stations have to cook their own food. At Central Station Sikhs pay the cook a sum of $20 per month and Mahomedans $10. Such like is the case with the men stationed at No. 8, 2, 7, Mt. Gough, Tsim Sha Tsui, Sham Shui Po and Yaumati Police Stations. To meet the above expenses our men, as a truth, borrow money from the watchmen and we find a great difficulty in paying them back on account of insufficient pay.\n\n4. At present there are 3 classes amongst the constables and 6 amongst the Lance Sergeants and Sergeants. We beg to request that you will kindly reduce such a number of classes and make only 2 as 2nd and 1st amongst the Police Constables and 2 as Lance Sergeants and Sergeants amongst the both ranks of Sergeants like the European and Chinese members of the Police Force.\n\n5. The pay of both the European and Chinese members of the Force has several times been increased. For the Europeans from $24.00 to the present pay and for Chinese (3rd class) from $7 to $13 and so on. While the pay of a Chinese Sergeant exceeds that of Indian Sergeant a sum of $2.50 per month. Since some years the Indians have been allowed on account of exchange to remit half of their actual pay to India at the rate of 44 cents per Rupee but no actual pay is increased for the Indians since their Force is established in 1867. Good Conduct Badges have also been granted to them since a few years but this system did little good because their bonus money has been stopped and put in for the badges while a bad character cannot get any badge until he keeps himself clear of any report for 6 months. 3rd class badge is 75 cents after 2 years, 2nd class $1.28 after 5 years and 1st class $1.75 after 8 years.\n\nEach member was allowed on the completion of 5 years service to receive his 3 months actual pay as bonus, but now this privilege is not allowed except the Jemadars.\n\n6. The pay of allowances for English and Chinese languages is also too small. The Indians take so much pain to learn",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 416629,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 794,
        "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "787\n\nChina and any claims preferred by bondholders must be strictly limited to claims financial.\n\nWere this not so, the agreement made ten days later (on September, 1905) by H.E. Chang and H.B.M. Consul General at Hankow, (whereby a British preferential right to finance Chinese Government Railways in Rupee was conceded in return for the loan of funds required to repurchase the Hankow Canton Railway concession) would evidently be valueless,\n\nand H.E. Chang's position in the matter open to serious objection.\n\nOn the 6th May, I saw H.E. Liang Tun Yen and reminding him of our previous understanding in regard to negotiations for the proposed loan, suggested that as H.E. Ch'en Kuei-lung had now assumed office, the matter might be taken up without further delay. H.E. Liang, being on sick leave, said he was unable to take any official action; he advised me, however, to write to H.E. Chang, suggesting that negotiations be commenced. This I did on the 9th instant, but without receiving any reply.\n\nIf His Excellency's objections to negotiating the proposed loan are due to the Belgian protest, it would appear advisable that the Chinese Government should be requested to pay off the outstanding bonds and to give effect to the understanding recorded in the agreement made with H.B.M. Consul General at Hankow.\n\nSd/ J.O.P. Bland.\n\n20 May 1908.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 423185,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 588,
        "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "## 586\n\n### i \n\nA 2 (Yunnan). No reply was received to this, or to a further communication in April forwarding the statement of a claim against them for wages by a former employé. The latter letter was returned to me by the Chinese postal authorities at Yunnan-fu, with the endorsement that Borg Brothers had left Hokou some time previously.\n\nIn June I received a letter from them, dated Laokay (Tonquin), stating that an earlier letter had probably gone astray in the post, and requesting to be registered; but enclosing neither particulars nor fees for registration. I have now repeated my request for these particulars, and at the same time I have desired to know whether their place of residence is Hokou (Yünnan) or Laokay (Tonquin).\n\n### Chinese Hospital\n\nThe Chinese authorities propose to build a hospital for Chinese soldiers. The hospital is designed for 150 beds. The site is being selected outside the city, and will be in the medical charge of Dr. Mazzolani. The doctor is now hard at work with his classes in the military college. He has seventy picked students, and appears to be fairly well satisfied with their intelligence and application. He tells me that the provincial authorities in Szechuan have informed Yunnan that they are not at all pleased with the results of the training received at the medical college at Chengtu, under Dr. Légendre, and that the Yunnan officials intend to be absolutely independent of French medical assistance.\n\n### Falling off in attendance at French Dispensary\n\nDr. Féray, who is the French consular doctor, tells me that the Chinese soldiers formerly under his care have been taken away, and that his dispensary patients have fallen off in numbers. The French explain this by saying that the Chinese are not yet used to the new French assistant, Dr. Vadon. It is true that Dr. Vadon does not yet understand the Chinese language, but he is an able man, with a kindly sympathetic manner. The true explanation must, I think, be found in the fact that the Chinese authorities have now opened their own dispensary, and drawn away patients.\n\n### Proposed French University and Hospital\n\nThe French are anxious to establish a university and a large hospital in the city, but they are uneasy that the Chinese will raise objections. A class has been opened for medical students, but the number attending Dr. Féray's course is small - eight only.\n\n### New French Consular Site\n\nThe French consul is endeavouring to purchase a fine site for the consulate outside the city.\n\n### Proposal for a Rupee Coinage\n\nMr. Wei, the manager of the mint, has informed me that a rupee coinage for Western Yünnan and the Chinese Shan States was in contemplation. The dies would be ready in a few days. He said that upwards of 300,000 Chinese rupees were issued annually from the Chengtu mint and had penetrated throughout Thibet. The latter remark is not borne out by my own information. He hoped that the Burmah Government would permit the free circulation of this rupee in the Burmese Shan States and in Burmah. I did not encourage him in his hope, and I suspect he was sounding the way for the governor-general. I have since heard from a good Chinese source that the question is being mooted to offer the importation of salt from Burmah into the Chinese Shan States in exchange for the recognition of the Chinese rupee as legal tender in the Burmese Shan States.\n\n### Squeezes at the Mint\n\nMr. Chao, the official director of the mint, resigned, and left Yunnan-fu a few days before the departure of the Hsi Liang (25th February). It is now rumoured that he made over 80,000 taels during his eighteen months' tenure of office by debasing the coinage. A few days ago a consignment of dollars, duly sealed with the mint seal, was found by the military authorities to contain a large number of copper coins.\n\n### Mint Machinery\n\nNew machinery has arrived for the mint. It was supplied by Messrs. Mandl and Co., whose interests in Chinese Government contracts now appear to have been sold to the German firm of Carlowitz and Co.\n\n### M. \n\n#### German visitors to Yünnan-fu\n\nTwo German representatives of Carlowitz and Co., Messrs. Crasemann and Schultz, and a special agent of Messrs. Krupp and Co., M. Berger, have arrived and taken a house. They are awaiting the arrival of the new governor-general Li Ch'ing-hsi. M. Berger talks of sending for his family from Germany, but it is probable that the other two will leave as soon as business negotiations are in train. The acting governor-general declines to enter into any contract with them. Crasemann told me that his firm had bought out M. Mandl, and used his Chinese hong name, \"Hsin-yi,\" in military contracts with the Chinese Government. He appeared to regard the interest thus acquired as very valuable, not only in connection with Chinese officials generally, but more particularly in regard to the family of the late Li Hung-chang. Li Ch'ing-hsi, the newly appointed governor-general, is the nephew of the late Li Hung-chang. It cannot be gainsaid that M. Mandl was in the highest favour with Li Hung-chang during the China-Japan war. Latterly, I believe, he acquired considerable influence in Chinese official circles at Canton. M. Crasemann further informed me that M. Mandl had obtained the contract for the machinery in all the Government mints in China. Kao erh ch'ien, formerly Administrator for Foreign Affairs at Yunnan-fu, and at present Chinese commissioner on the Macao Boundary Commission, told me one day that he considered M. Mandl the cleverest European in China in his methods of dealing with Chinese. It will thus be seen that the German visitors to Yunnan-fu are well supplied with credentials for getting contracts.\n\n### Missionaries\n\nThe French consul has lately consulted me informally as to missionary cases. He complains that his hands are full of these, and that he cannot get them settled. The Chinese authorities, he declares, are becoming more and more obstructive, especially in cases connected with missionary landed property. It would be positively disastrous for this consulate-general to work in concert with the French consulate in missionary cases, and I could only say that I was thankful that I had not yet been met by similar difficulties.\n\n### Colonial Opinion in Tonquin\n\nColonial opinion in Tonquin, judging by the views of visitors to Yunnan-fu, seems to have taken the credit for having effected the transfer of Hsi Liang, whose dismissal was demanded at Peking in connection with the Weigand incident (`P.G. No. 28 of 1908`).\n\n### M. Bacot\n\nM. Bacot, a French traveller of independent means, who was recently given the Garnier Award by the French Geographical Society for his travels in Thibet, passed through in May last en route for Tachienlu. He told me that he had been very kindly received by the India Office at London. He was thinking of crossing the Thibetan province of Poyul and descending the Brahmaputra River - a somewhat ambitious programme.\n\n### Local Troubles\n\nThe trouble at Hsüan-wei-chou (Eastern Yünnan) has been nipped in the bud, owing to the prompt measures taken by the acting governor-general. What threatened to be a wide-spread rising in Chiu-pei-hsien (Eastern Yünnan) has been crushed without apparent effort, owing to the energy and courage of the magistrate. That district is inhabited by large numbers of Sha-yi, a tribe of whom very little is known. They live remote from the towns, and appear to occupy themselves principally as wood-cutters and charcoal burners. Their hair is bound into a chignon, and they wear a sort of sarong or cotton kilt twisted into a knot at the side of the waist. A few brought into contact with the Chinese have the queue, and wear the ordinary clothing of a Chinese coolie. The leader of the rising claimed to have discovered a tablet buried in the forest bearing an inscription interpreted to mean that he was a descendant of the Ming Royal Family, and that his son would become Emperor. He gathered 5,000 to 6,000 followers together and proceeded to Chiu-pei-hsien. The magistrate had no soldiers, but he closed the city gates and sent to Yünnan-fu for assistance, which was promptly forthcoming. In the meantime, the magistrate had collected a small body of men and kept the Sha-yi out of the city. They occupied the villages in proximity to the town, but were attacked by 300 soldiers with two guns. The Sha-yi were armed with nothing but clubs, knives, and stones. A hundred of them were killed without loss to the Chinese, and sixty prisoners were beheaded. The remainder have dispersed. The leader was killed. His son, a little boy of 9 years, was brought to Yunnan-fu in a cage. He is now in the new prison. I visited this establishment a short while ago in company with the judge, and the demeanour of the juvenile pretender towards his gaoler was evidence that they were not harsh with him. The judge, to whose kindheartedness he owes his humane treatment, tells me that he is now being taught Chinese, and that it is proposed to set him free when he is of age, provided his conduct has been satisfactory.\n\n### Railways\n\nIt is now confidently expected that the French railway will reach Yunnan-fu before the close of this year. The construction train has reached Liu-feng-ts'un, 100 kilom. (64 miles) from Yunnan-fu. The earthquake on the 21st May did only trifling damage to one of the tunnels, and dislodged a large quantity of débris on to the track at Po-hsi. Three or four Lolo villages in the vicinity of Po-hsi were partially destroyed and six or seven natives killed. The shock was a sharp one at Yunnan-fu, lasting for seven or eight seconds (11:30 P.M.), but no damage was done. The French consul tells me that the Chinese authorities at Yünnan-fu have denied to him that the Chinese Government intends to buy back the French railway. This railway will have cost not less than $4,000,000 by the time it reaches Yunnan-fu, and I doubt if the Chinese at Yünnan-fu would recommend the purchase, for this large amount, of a railway which they regard as doomed to financial loss.\n\nThe subject of a light Decauville railway, to cost 300,000 taels, from Yunnan-fu to ... \n\nPage 3 \n\nB 2",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909",
        "page_number": 338,
        "title": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909",
        "content_text": "## (c.) Army and Navy\n\nGuns.--The new Krupp mountain guns were tried at the end of September in presence of the acting governor-general, who has invited me to attend the next trials.\n\nMilitary Hospital--The site for the new military hospital has been chosen outside the south gate, and building has commenced. Mr. Feng, the staff-surgeon of the Lu-chun, tells me that he will be placed in charge of this hospital as soon as it is ready.\n\nSatisfactory.\n\n## (d.) Relations with Chinese Officials\n\n## (e.) Movements of Chinese Officials\n\nCommissioner of Customs.--M. Grevedon, commissioner of customs at Mengtse, visited Yunnan-fu in September to arrange for the purchase of land for the use of the Imperial Maritime Customs. He secured two pieces, one in close proximity to the French railway station (outside the south gate), and the other adjoining our consular site outside the north gate. The deeds have been drawn up and the purchase-money handed over, but they have not yet been signed, as a difference of opinion arose at the last moment whether the land should be held in the name of the Inspector-General of Imperial Maritime Customs or the Shui-wu Ch'u. The matter has been referred to Peking.\n\nAdministrator of Foreign Affairs.--Shih Tseng, the provincial judge, has been appointed Administrator of Foreign Affairs for Yünnan. It is believed that he has also been recommended for the post of Chinese Minister at Paris by Hsi Liang, and he may yet get that post, which he desires greatly. His appointment as administrator is unfortunate for Yunnan, I think. In spite of his many amiable personal qualities, he is too nervous for the post and too ignorant of his work. He is withal a man of no strong character or unusual ability, and has on more than one occasion endeavoured to cover his mistakes by playing on his colleagues' ignorance of things European.\n\nPrefect Liu.--Liu-chun, formerly prefect at Yünnan-fu and afterwards acting taotai at Tengyueh, has returned from his investigation of the murder of Dr. Brunhueber and M. Schumitz. He is now confirmed in his appointment of Prefect of Yünnan-fu. The acting governor-general told me privately that he is not satisfied with the present taotai at Tengyueh, and was thinking of recommending Liu-chun for the post.\n\nTseng Taotai has been replaced by Kung-hsin-chan, who speaks English. I have not yet met Mr. Kung.\n\nThe French consul tells me that there is an understanding between the French Legation and the Chinese Government that the Administrator of Foreign Affairs shall always be a French-speaking official.\n\n## (f.) Movements of Foreign Officials\n\nFrench Minister.--M. de Margerie, the French Minister designate at Peking, arrived at Mengtse on the 27th September, and left after a stay of twenty-four hours. He did not come to Yunnan-fu.\n\n## (g.) Reforms\n\nMint.--I have revisited the mint, arsenal, and new prison. At the mint rupees bearing the inscriptions \"Yünnan province\" - \"silver coin,\" and nothing else, either in Chinese or English, are being struck. The coin is intended to deceive the Burman, and it is hoped that it will pass current as a rupee in Burmah.\n\nArsenal--Some new machinery has arrived for the arsenal, but the working superintendent, Mr. Wei, seems discouraged by the lack of official interest.\n\nNew Prison.--The industrial department of the new prison has now been organised. Chairs, tables, metal cups, common tools, and writing paper are being made under skilled supervision.\n\nGeneral--At the close of fifteen months' stay at Yunnan-fu, I venture to submit the opinion that the reform programme has little practical result to show at the present time. There is, however, a great deal to display on paper, and I do not doubt that Yunnan reforms bulk largely in the pigeon-holes at Peking. The high officials at Yunnan-fu, with whom I have had the opportunity of mixing freely, are a capable lot, taken as a whole. Their weakness appears to be in proposing too many and too ambitious schemes for which the province is not yet ready--but that way promotion lies. It is not so much the apathy of the Yunnanese or the poverty of the province which drags Yünnan down from the path of reform. The misfortune of Yunnan is the gentry of Yunnan-fu. Their anti-foreign attitude might be pardonably mistaken for patriotism, but the ignorance, conceit, and corruption of their leaders--Ch'en-yung-ch'ang, ex-Literary Chancellor of Kueichou, and Wang-hung-t'u, the millionaire parvenu, are perhaps unsurpassed throughout the rest of China.\n\nI regret to have to report that during my stay at Yunnan-fu I have not been able to see any certain signs of an enlightened public opinion or a genuine desire for reform on Western lines.\n\nE. C. WILTON.\n\nPage 337",
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        "id": 428626,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 551,
        "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n548\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[9544]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n[March 19.]\n\nSECTION\n\nC. O.\n\n12550 REC\n\nDear Sir Francis,\n\nMr. C. S. Addis to Foreign Office.-(Received March 19.)\n\n(Reel 28 APR 10\n\nHong Kong and Shanghae Bank, 31, Lombard Street, London, March 18, 1910.\n\nI ENCLOSE an extract from Hillier's letter with reference to the recent special enquiry into the revenue and expenditure of the Chinese Empire. The results, as published in the \"Peking Gazette\" of the 20th February, although admittedly tentative, are most encouraging, and will, I hope, form the first step to a national budget, than which nothing is more to be desired in the general interests of China.\n\nYours truly,\n\nC. S. ADDIS.\n\nEnclosure 1 in No. 1,\n\n(Extract.)\n\nMr. Hillier to Mr. C S. Addis.\n\nPeking, February 28, 1910. I ENCLOSE translation of a statement attached to a memorial from the Board of Finance, reporting upon the recent special enquiry into the revenue and expenditure of the provinces. I have not yet had time to make a translation of the memorial itself, which is a long document. It points out that the results of the enquiry, which is the first attempt of its kind, cannot pretend to final and complete accuracy. The figures given are the totals as wired by the various provinces, and are subject to adjustment in the light of the detailed returns to be received later. One obvious source of error is to be found in the fact that grants from the surplus revenues of one province to assist the deficiencies of another appear, in the case of the one, on the side of expenditure, and in that of the other on the side of revenue, so that the amount is duplicated and the apparent revenue increased by the total of such transfers. Apparently, in the absence of detailed returns, they do not know how much these transfers amount to. On the other hand, I think it may be taken for granted that, in reporting to the central Government, the provinces are not likely to overstate their receipts; and, making due allowance for all these points, the figures may probably be taken as a conservative estimate.\n\nThe first point which strikes one is that, whereas the revenue of China has in the past been variously estimated at 100,000,000 taels or its neighbourhood, a basis which appears to have been assumed by Bland in his recent articles on the \"Indebtedness of China\" in the \"Times,\" the amount now reported as the result of actual enquiry is 238,000,000 taels. Deducting from this the sum of 38,000,000 taels for account of Imperial maritime customs collection and the like, the balance of 200,000,000 taels may fairly be taken as representing approximately the total of direct taxation--say, half a tael, or 1s. 3d. per head of the population. The native of India, according to Whittaker, pays 3s. 2d. a-head in direct taxation, but he has to support a standing army costing 20,000,000l. a-year---say, 1 rupee, or 1s. 4d. per head of population. China also has an army, but its cost cannot be anything like that of the Indian army, and 4d. per head of population might probably be considered a fair estimate. Compared, therefore, with the native of India, the native of China presents an additional taxable margin of 11d. per head, and this without taking into consideration the fact that, under the present corrupt system of collection, he is probably squeezed a good deal more than the 1s. 3d. allotted to him on the basis of the reported collection. Turning to China's foreign debt, we find that she pays for interest and amortisation something like 50,000,000 taels a-year--say, one-eighth of a tael, or about 4d. per head of population. Assuming, therefore, that all her present revenue was absorbed by her domestic expenses, China, as compared with India, still offers a taxable margin sufficient to secure three times her present foreign indebtedness.\n\n[2675 (-1)",
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        "id": 428637,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 562,
        "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "Enclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\nMr. Herts to Mr. Carey.\n\nJanuary 17, 1910.\n\nPLEASE refer to my demi-official letter dated the 28th August, 1909. Wilson has sent a Lashi named Chawm Tung Bawm, of Lungbang, on the Upper Ngawchang Kha, with a letter addressed to Rose, which I am forwarding to you original under a separate registered cover. The letter is written in Chinese on a piece of board, and purports to be a petition from the inhabitants of five villages on the above-named stream, complaining that the headman of Tengkeng, situated on the Salween in China, has burnt the village of Upper (or West) Hpimaw and threatens to destroy their villages. The names in Lashi of the five villages are Hpimaw (East), Kalam (East and West), Htantung and Lamyaw. As is not usual the Chinese names of the villages are different from the local Yawyin or Lashi names.\n\nA copy of the statement made by the messenger to Mr. Wilson, which is substantially the same as he has stated to me here, is also forwarded.\n\nThe elders of the five villages are said to have met at the village of Iltumshing and there to have got two Chinese traders, Ton San Ye and Chu Laopan, to write the letter.\n\nThe burning of Hpimaw appears to have taken place more than a month ago. After the destruction of the village the headman (or chief) of Tengkeng returned to China, but his men, some hundreds of them in all, it is said, are still in Lower Hpimaw and Hpawdi. The messenger took nine days to come here.\n\nIt is evident, if the above is true (and I have no doubt that it is substantially so), that we cannot permit the Chinese to remain in occupation of the Ngawchang Valley, for if we do, we shall not be able to make good our claim to the Irrawady-Salween Divide as the boundary between the two Empires. I can see no course open to us, therefore, but to dispatch a column without delay to compel the Chinese to return to their country, and to place beyond possibility of future question that the whole of the basin of the Irrawady belongs to us.\n\nI leave it to you to communicate with Rose on the subject of this letter, if you consider it necessary to do so.\n\nThe villages of Tengkeng, Tangtung, Lungpang (Langbang) and Hpimaw are shown in the map attached to the red book on the joint survey of the Burmah-Yunnan boundary by British and Chinese officials in 1905, in which book the claim of the Tengkeng headman to the Upper Ngawchang Valley and the advantages of the above-named boundary are discussed at length. From the opinion of the British officials who took part in the joint survey that the adoption of any other frontier will be highly detrimental to the interests of Burmah, I do not think that anyone will dissent.\n\nA translation of the Chinese letter is attached.\n\nEnclosure 5 in No. 1.\n\nTranslation of Chinese letter addressed to Acting Consul Rose.\n\nTHE humble petition of the elders of villages situated on the upper waters of the Hsiao Chiang (small river, i.e., the Ngawchang Kha) addressed to the British consul at Tengyuch.\n\nAbout the 15th day of the 9th month the headman of Tengkeng, named Twanhwe, collecting a force of 300 Yawyins and 200 of his own people, came and attacked our villages, He set fire to and entirely destroyed one village which consists of houses with thatch roofs. We are in great danger and our people have been scattered by this inroad into our country. He has also killed all our domestic animals such as pigs, fowls, and dogs, and taken our provisions. We therefore petition to your Honour to pity us, and to restore peace and order in our unhappy valley. Our villages lie within British territory and we humbly request that you will be kind enough to pay them a visit. We do not know why the Tengkeng headman is oppressing us by raiding our villages. We have no intercourse with his villages nor is there any feud between us. Our territory lies within the Kaoliang Pass Pillar and is watered by the Hsiao Chiang (Ngawchang Kha). We are unable to resist his attacks, so we petition your Honour to be kind enough to visit our country, which is in a very disturbed state, and to help us.\n\nThe headman in question is also said to have threatened the people living on the other side of the river (Ngawchang Kha). Our country does not belong to him, so we request you to come to us.\n\nWe are the elders and villagers of Tumaw, Kwankwan, Shanglaw, Kachi, and Shijang.\n\nDated the 1st year, 10th month, 26th day of the reign of Sein Ton.\n\nEnclosure 6 in No. 1.\n\nStatement made to Mr. Wilson, Assistant Superintendent, Sadon, by Chawm Tung Baum, of Lungbang.\n\nLABAU NU, Duwa of Lajawng, has brought in a Lashi named Chawm Tung Bawm, of Lungbang, a village near Hpimaw, to the British consul at Tengyuch. I have questioned Labau Nu and Chawm Tung Bawn carefully, and they furnish the following information:\n\n\"As the Lashis of Hpimaw and some fourteen or fifteen villages have not paid tribute for the last three or four years the Tengkeng fuyi about two months ago got together 500 men (Chinese, Black Lisu, Maru, and Lashi) and threatened to burn down the villages which refused to pay tribute. The Lashis on our side of the frontier got information of the fuyi's intentions from their friends and relations who live on the Chinese side, and some fifty or sixty of them, armed with guns and bows and arrows, awaited the approach of the fuyi and his following. A fight took place on the frontier and the Hpimaw men and their friends are said to have killed seven of the fuyi's men, and to have wounded a few more. The Hpimaw men had no casualties, but, as they were outnumbered, they retreated, and the fuyi and his men then sacked and burnt Upper Hpimaw.\n\n\"The fuyi is said to have stationed at the present time 300 men at Lower Hpimaw and 200 at the Lisu village of Hpawte. The detachment at Hpimaw is composed of transfrontier Chinese, Black Lisus, Marus, and Lashis, and the men are quartered in four or five Chinese houses which are built of sun-dried bricks. The men who are stationed at Hpawte are mostly from the Chinese side, but several Black Lisus who belong to Hpawte took part in the sacking and burning of Upper Hpimaw.\n\n\"No Chinese soldiers or men from the frontier levy are said to have been engaged, and the fuyi's followers are armed with cap-guns, flint-locks, and Kachin check guns.\"\n\nThe following information obtained from the messenger may also be of interest:\n\n\"There is a tree which grows on both banks of the Ngawchang Kha, the timber of which is much prized by the Chinese for making coffins. The Chingpaw name for the tree is 'shau hipun,' the Lashi name 'shau sik,' and the Chinese name 'sha mu.' The Tengkeng fuyi formerly levied a tax of 1 rupee to 1 rupee 8a. on every four planks extracted from the forests near Hpimaw, but during the last three years he has taken two planks out of every four in lieu of the money tax. Two well-to-do Chinese traders, named Chu Lauban, of Mingkuang, and Ton Sanye, of Kutung Pa, who deal largely in these planks, are said to have complained to the Chinese official at Yung-chang Fu about the Tengkeng fuyi's conduct. They were informed that Hpimaw was in the British sphere of influence, and were referred to the Tengyuch ting, who is said to have warned the Tengkeng fuyi to discontinue levying taxes, as Hpimaw was not in Chinese territory.\n\n\"Some three years ago a Yawyin (Black Lisu) discovered a couple of salt springs near two streams which flow into the Ngawchang Kha. He took samples from each spring to the Tengkeng fuyi, who boiled them down, and found that one produced excellent salt, while the other produced inferior stuff. The fuyi is said thereupon to have declared that both springs are in his jurisdiction, and to have prohibited their being worked without his permission.\n\n\"The writer of this letter is Ton Sanye, one of the Chinese traders referred to.”\n\nPage 559",
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    {
        "id": 434339,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 340,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# May 2\n\n2 \n\nbelieves that in the present unsettled condition of western Yünnan, the Chinese will be unable to send troops from Tengyueh across the frontier, and this view finds some support from the recent report (in my telegram dated the 10th October, 1910) that it had been found necessary to send troops from Tengyueh and Talifu to oppose Szechuan army deserters, who were invading Yünnan from the north. Although the Lieutenant-Governor is disposed to think it probable that Mr. Rose's anticipation of a peaceful issue to Mr. Hertz's expedition will be realised, his honour cannot disregard the possibility of the other alternative. Mr. Rose has recently reported the preparation by the Chinese at Tengyueh of a large-scale map including the unadministered territory in question. The object of this map may be merely in connection with the ordinary administration of the tract by Chinese officials, which is known to be imminent, and which Mr. Hertz's expedition is intended to forestall. But on the other hand, the preparation of a map is consistent with an intention to move troops, and it is not more difficult for troops to enter the unadministered territory from Tengyueh than from Myitkyina. It must be noted that Mr. Rose's memorandum indicated several possible routes from Tengyueh into that territory, any one of which might bring a Chinese force directly on to the flank of Mr. Hertz's march. Having regard to this possibility, the Lieutenant-Governor thinks that it is no longer wise to adhere to the original arrangement by which Mr. Hertz's escort, exclusive of the rationing base, was to be split up into two small parties; and his honour is not satisfied that the total strength originally proposed would be sufficient to ensure a peaceful or even a successful issue. Small isolated parties might invite opposition or attack, whereas by a substantial show of force we should be more likely to avoid all risk of hostilities. The sanctioned arrangements, moreover, include no provision for the dispatch of a relieving force, in case Mr. Hertz's escort found itself in a difficult position. No effective relief could be afforded by the military police even if sufficient men could be furnished, because magazine rifles and ammunition have not been provided except for the escort itself. If Mr. Hertz were forced to retire or if a portion of his escort were cut off, there would be the most serious loss of prestige; and on the other hand, if the expedition does not proceed this year, the almost certain loss of the entire territory and the establishment of the Chinese on the upper reaches of the Irrawaddy must be accepted. In these circumstances, the Lieutenant-Governor is strongly of opinion that the expedition ought to proceed; but his honour recommends that the original arrangements should be modified so as to make a greater show of force, (1) by rendering Mr. Hertz's escort stronger and more compact, and (2) by stationing a force of regular troops in readiness in the neighbourhood of Myitkyina, in case it should become necessary to extricate or support Mr. Hertz's party.\n\n4. As already reported by telegram, the Lieutenant-Governor now recommends that the proposed expedition of a civil officer to the Shan State of Hkamti should be postponed for one year, his escort of 125 rifles being added to the escort originally proposed for Mr. Hertz. Mr. Hertz's escort will then consist of eleven British officers (including a medical officer) and 607 native ranks (including thirty-two signallers). A rationing base of 100 rifles will be established at Makawng, leaving a force of 475 rifles to accompany Mr. Hertz as his escort. A compact force of this strength is less likely to be attacked or to meet with resistance, but as an additional precaution the Lieutenant-Governor recommends that one native infantry battalion shall be stationed temporarily in the Myitkyina district, one-half of the battalion being kept at Myitkyina as a garrison, and the other half provided with transport and moved out to Seniku in readiness to follow Mr. Hertz into the unadministered territory and relieve him if required. The Lieutenant-Governor has already requested the Major-General commanding the Burmah division to be so good as to obtain sanction to the dispatch of a wing of a native regiment to garrison Myitkyina during the absence of the military police; his honour's present proposal is that a whole battalion should be sent, one-half being mobilized and pushed forward to Seniku. This movement of regular troops into the Myitkyina district will doubtless impress the Chinese and render them less disposed to interfere. The Lieutenant-Governor has discussed the matter with the Inspector-General of Police and the Major-General commanding the division. His honour's present proposals have been framed not only with a view to ensure the safety of Mr. Hertz's party, but also to avoid hostilities by removing from the Chinese all temptation to attack. As the proposals are more likely to lead to a peaceful solution, his honour hopes that they may be approved. They will entail some alteration of the instructions which formed Enclosure 2 of my letter of the 10th May, 1910, and I am accordingly to submit a revised set of instructions for the approval of the Government of India. There is one other suggestion which has not yet been mentioned, and which was made to the Lieutenant-Governor by the Major-General commanding the division, namely that the military authorities should furnish a Maxim gun section of ten men, under a junior British officer, to accompany Mr. Hertz's escort. This arrangement seems to the Lieutenant-Governor to be highly desirable as an additional measure of precaution, and I am to recommend that the Government of India may be pleased to issue the necessary orders for its adoption.\n\n5. I am now to describe the arrangements proposed for the establishment of a military police post in the unadministered tract, so as to ensure the permanency of our occupation. The country is at present almost unknown, and the location of the post cannot therefore be definitely settled until after actual inspection. But it is probable that the post will be established at or near Atawgaw, and it will also be necessary to establish a small connecting post at Makawng. The Lieutenant-Governor proposes that Mr. Hertz should leave a civil officer, two British officers of military police, and 175 rifles to garrison the post at Atawgaw, and 50 rifles under a native officer to occupy the post at Makawng. If the Chinese do not interfere with Mr. Hertz's operations, these posts can be withdrawn at the commencement of the rains and sent out again in the following open season. Otherwise, it will probably be necessary to leave them out throughout the rains. In order to ensure a sufficient supply of ammunition, the Lieutenant-Governor has already asked for 500 rounds for each of the magazine rifles lent to the military police, in addition to the 400 rounds of ball ammunition already supplied, and his honour hopes that this request will be granted. The estimated cost of establishing posts at Htawgaw and Makawng, and the total estimated cost of Mr. Hertz's expedition are now being calculated, and will form the subject of a separate report.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n## Enclosure 2 in No. 1\n\n**W. F. RICE, Chief Secretary**\n\n### Instructions concerning the Tour to be made for the purpose of bringing under Administration the Unadministered Country East of the 'Nmaikha\n\nMR. HERTZ, Deputy Commissioner, Myitkyina, with Mr. Scott, Assistant Superintendent, as his assistant, will proceed with an escort of military police to visit the unadministered country east of the 'Nmaikha, including Pienma and villages within easy march of that village. Mr. Hertz will be in exclusive civil and political charge, and will decide all administrative questions on his own responsibility, subject to such references to the Commissioner as he may consider necessary.\n\n2. The object of the tour is to bring under direct administration the country between the 'Nmaikha and the watershed between that river and the Shweli and Salween as far as latitude 26° 15' or thereabouts, including the villages on both sides of and in the valley of the Ngaw Kha and its junction with the 'Nmaikha, to nullify the recent attempts by the chief of Teng Keng to establish his authority over villages in British territory, and to effect the removal from the tract in question of all traces of occupation on behalf of China.\n\nTo effect this, Mr. Hertz will visit as many villages as possible, issue appointment orders to headmen, settle any disputes which may be brought before him between villages in the aforementioned tract, levy a nominal tribute, the amount of which will be left to his discretion, but should not exceed 1 rupee per household, destroy any boundary pillars which may have been erected by the Chinese within that area, and generally collect all available information, and explain to the villagers that they will henceforth be under British rule, and that they are entitled to British protection and will pay tribute.\n\n3. The force will be furnished by the military police and will consist of—\n\n| Category | Strength |\n| --- | --- |\n| Escort | 475 rifles and 20 signallers |\n| Ration base | 100 rifles and 12 signallers |\n\nIt will start from Myitkyina as early as possible in November or December 1910.\n\n4. Major ffrench-Mullen will be in command of the escort; Captain Moule will be second in command; Captain Gilchrist will be in command of the rationing base, with Lieutenant Pickthall attached to it as assistant commandant. They also will be ...\n\nPage 338",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911",
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        "title": "CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911",
        "content_text": "G\n\néxceed 4 of the cost of the garrison.\n\n56\n\nIV. MAURITIUS.\n\nSince its conquest in 1810, the Colony has always paid something towards the cost of the garrison.\n\nIn 1816 it provided the local allowances of the officers, all lands required for military purposes, barracks, and other buildings and their maintenance.\n\nIn 1829 maintenance of works and buildings was taken over by His Majesty's Government for an annual payment of £5000 by the Colony.\n\nIn 1857 this £5000 was increased to £10,000. The contribution fluctuated according to the number of troops in the Colony; but in 1862 when His Majesty's Government were spending about £180,000 a year on the troops in Mauritius, the Secretary of State directed the increase of the contribution to £45,000 (slightly under 10% of revenue) and laid down that the Colony must be held liable (when financially able) to pay for the whole cost of so much of the force as can fairly be assigned to the purposes of securing it against internal commotion and piratical attack.\n\nThe payment was made in 1865-1868.\n\nIn 1869 the troops were reduced and the introduction of a capitation fee for each soldier brought down the contribution.\n\nIn 1877 the question of the rate of exchange of the rupee was raised; the rate was fixed at 2/- which caused His Majesty's Government to lose a large amount of the nominal contribution.\n\nIn 1887 the contribution had come down to £15,321.\n\nIn",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-395 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "content_text": "42\n\n4. I can therefore claim on behalf of the Indian Government that, by their severe and salutary measures, they have effectively checked the possibility of opium-smoking becoming a feature of Indian life, and have doomed the vice to practical extirpation.\n\n5. The case of Burmah (as stated by the Government of India in the despatch from which I have so freely quoted) in regard to opium regulation stands by itself.\n\nHistorical considerations, ethnic characteristics, and local circumstances have had to be carefully weighed in the evolution of the present opium policy in Burmah. When Upper Burmah was annexed in 1885 the Government of India had had sufficient administrative experience of opium and its effects on Burmans in Lower Burmah to warrant the application of a prohibitory policy as regards the indigenous population. This policy was supported by Buddhist public opinion, which was entirely against opium, and by the nominal prohibition of opium by the Burmese dynasty which preceded our rule. The prohibition under Burmese rule was not, however, very effective, and the native rulers, while punishing those who sold opium and liquor to Burmans, levied customs dues on all liquor and opium imported into Upper Burmah. The British Government, having before it the proved injurious effect of opium on the Burmese race in Lower Burmah, absolutely prohibited its sale to or possession by Burmans in Upper Burmah except for medical purposes, and this prohibition still continues. The absolute prohibition of non-medical opium, whether for eating or smoking, to Burmans was extended to Lower Burmah in 1893. In Lower Burmah, however, a class of opium-smoking Burmese had grown up, and an exception had to be made in their favour. It was provided that all Burmans of 25 years or upwards who desired to continue the use of opium must register themselves, Burmans under 25 years of age not being eligible for registration. The system of registration was not entirely successful from the beginning, and the registers had to be revised from time to time, though of course no names were brought on the revised registers except those of Burmans who could prove their eligibility for registration in 1894, and there are now some 15,000 registered Burman consumers purchasing at the shops in a population of about 10 millions. These consumers were all 25 years of age or more in 1894, and are therefore above 50 years of age at the present day. The rate of decrease ought to be more rapid now, and the race of registered consumers will shortly die out. With their extinction there will be absolute prohibition of opium to Burmans, except for medical purposes, throughout Burmah, that is, to the great mass of the population of the province.\n\n40\n\nare\n\n6. The consumption of opium by non-Burman races is allowed as in India proper, but subject, as I shall presently explain, to still more stringent restrictions. It is principally confined to Chinese who smoke, and Indian immigrants belonging to classes who eat opium in moderation in India proper and who continue to do so in Burmah.\n\nTaking the province as a whole, however, smoking is the prevalent form of consumption, and consequently the shop-keepers in Burmah are allowed to make up the raw opium supplied to them into smoking preparations, and to retail such preparations to persons entitled to make use of them. The limit of private possession by such persons, whether as regards raw opium or smoking preparations, is 3 tolas or a little more than 1 oz.\n\n7. The policy of forbidding opium consumption to Burmans other than registered smokers in Lower Burmah proved very difficult to carry out in practice owing to the large amount of smuggling and illicit sales which it provoked. These difficulties arose mainly from the following circumstances: As has been above explained, the registration of confirmed Burman smokers in 1894 had been very incomplete, largely owing to the ignorance of the people in regard to the new restrictions to which they were to be subject. It became a profitable industry to supply the cravings of smokers thus excluded, and this category was further swelled by licit consumers (non-Burmans and registered Burmans) whom a too drastic limitation in the number of licensed shops had deprived of a legitimate source of supply. The extensive seaboard of the province facilitated smuggling from India proper, while the high rate of taxation—far exceeding that in India, which the Burmah Government had imposed in order to diminish consumption—made it profitable not merely to send over illicit opium from India, but to adulterate stuff which had been licitly procured at Indian shops. In Upper Burmah, again, the contiguity of opium-producing tracts in Yünnan and the Shan States, and a long and difficult frontier provoked smuggling from those areas. Lastly, it was found that the licensed shop-keepers themselves were largely joining in the contraband traffic, adding smuggled opium to their licit supplies, and sending out hawkers to vend the stuff outside the shops, while legitimate possessors were being tempted to dispose of some of their purchases to non-registered Burmans. And I need hardly add that the development of this contraband industry threatened to infect the rising generation of Burmans, who could in no case have claimed registration in 1894, with the smoking habit.\n\n8. Difficult as the problem thus was, the Government of India can claim to have dealt with it in a satisfactory and efficient manner.\n\nIn the first place, as already explained, Burman opium-smokers who might have been registered in 1894, but had not been so, were brought on the registers, thus enabling them to get their opium in a lawful instead of in an unlawful manner. The number of sanctioned shops was at the same time somewhat increased, though it still amounts to only 120 for the whole of the vast province.\n\nSecondly, the strength and efficiency of the preventive staff has been enormously increased—at a cost which has severely strained the financial resources of the Provincial Government.\n\nThirdly, the shop system has been entirely recast on lines which all but amount, in practice, to a policy of official vend. The method is thus described in the Government of India's despatch:\n\n\"Each shop, though let to a private licensee, is placed in the charge of a separate resident excise officer, who is required to take charge of the opium when the shop is closed, to be present at the shop throughout the hours of sale, to see that the name of each purchaser and the quantity sold to him are correctly recorded in the shop registers by the licensed vendor or his staff, and to restrict the quantities sold month by month to each purchaser to the purchaser's probable consumption and means of purchase. This latter restriction on sales was introduced in order to stop the sale of opium to men buying for resale to Burmans who cannot under the law purchase opium. Careful enquiry has been necessary in order to eliminate purchasers who were not consumers, and to restrict allowances to consumers so as to afford them little or no margin for sale to others. In addition to the record kept in the daily sale registers, personal ledgers have been opened in the shops for all consumers whose daily allowance is fixed above one-eighth of a tola. Burman, is given a page in the register, the total quantities of opium purchased by him both at the shop within whose sphere he resides and at other shops, are recorded month by month under his name, and note is made of the man's occupation and income, with other information bearing on the allowance of opium made to him. The whole of these operations are carried on under the closest official supervision, though the profits on the sales, after payment of a fixed licence fee, accrue to the licensed vendor.\"\n\n9. The retail price to consumers is fixed at 1 rupee per tola (or, say, 3s. 6d. per oz) for raw opium and 14 rupees (or 3s. 10d. per oz.) for smoking preparations, save at a few special shops where it has been pitched lower owing to the special facilities for smuggling. Further, in four districts in which \"foreign opium\" (a term I shall presently explain) is supplied the rates at present are 10 annas (10d.) per tola for raw and 15 annas per tola for prepared opium. The cost of the drug has thus been made much higher than in India proper, where it is by no means low. Thus, comparing like with like the amount of taxation which the Government levies on each seer (about 2 lbs.) of opium—this, as I stated in my previous paper, amounts on the average, on the last statistics available, to 26 rupees in India proper, while in Burmah it is 65 rupees per seer, or more than double.\n\nThe \"foreign opium\" above referred to is the product of Chinese areas and Shan States bordering on Upper Burmah, which has been allowed in for licit consumption, under strict Government control, in four districts of the province into which it could otherwise be easily smuggled; and in this category has to be included opium grown in certain Kachin villages where poppy cultivation is allowed because, though the villages are nominally within British Burmah, their situation in remote hills has hitherto rendered it impossible to make any prohibition of such cultivation effective. Subject to these exceptions the cultivation of the poppy is prohibited throughout Burmah, and the sole source of licit supply is Bengal opium obtained from India by Government channels.\n\n10. Lastly, steps have been taken to cope with the smuggling into Burmah of opium licitly procured by private persons in India proper by restricting the supply to shops in certain districts of Bengal, where this method of contraband supply was found to prevail, to quantities rigidly fixed with reference to estimated local requirements.\n\n43\n\n292",
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        "title": "CO129-395 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "content_text": "348\n\n42\n\n4. I can therefore claim on behalf of the Indian Government that, by their severe and salutary measures, they have effectively checked the possibility of opium-smoking becoming a feature of Indian life, and have doomed the vice to practical extirpation.\n\n5. The case of Burmah (as stated by the Government of India in the despatch from which I have so freely quoted) in regard to opium regulation stands by itself.\n\n\"Historical considerations, ethnic characteristics, and local circumstances have had to be carefully weighed in the evolution of the present opium policy in Burma. When Upper Burmah was annexed in 1885 the Government of India had had sufficient administrative experience of opium and its effects on Burmans in Lower Burmah to warrant the application of a prohibitory policy as regards the indigenous population. This policy was supported by Buddhist public opinion, which was entirely against opium, and by the nominal prohibition of opium by the Burmese dynasty which preceded our rule. The prohibition under Burmese rule was not, however, very effective, and the native rulers, while punishing those who sold opium and liquor to Burmans, levied customs dues on all liquor and opium imported into Upper Burmah. The British Government, having before it the proved injurious effect of opium on the Burmese race in Lower Burmah, absolutely prohibited its sale to or possession by Burmans in Upper Burmah except for medical purposes, and this prohibition still continues. The absolute prohibition of non-medical opium, whether for eating or smoking, to Burmans was extended to Lower Burmah in 1893. In Lower Burmah, however, a class of opium-smoking Burmese had grown up, and an exception had to be made in their favour. It was provided that all Burmans of 25 years or upwards who desired to continue the use of opium must register themselves, Burmans under 25 years of age not being eligible for registration. The system of registration was not entirely successful from the beginning, and the registers had to be revised from time to time, though of course no names were brought on the revised registers except those of Burmans who could prove their eligibility for registration in 1894, and there are now some 15,000 registered Burman consumers purchasing at the shops in a population of about 10 millions. These consumers were all 25 years of age or more in 1894, and are therefore above 50 years of age at the present day. The rate of decrease ought to be more rapid now, and the race of registered consumers will shortly die out. With their extinction there will be absolute prohibition of opium to Burmans, except for medical purposes, throughout Burmah, that is, to the great mass of the population of the province.\n\n6. The consumption of opium by non-Burman races is allowed as in India proper, but subject, as I shall presently explain, to still more stringent restrictions. It is principally confined to Chinese who smoke, and Indian immigrants belonging to classes who eat opium in moderation in India proper and who continue to do so in Burmah.\n\n40\n\nTaking the province as a whole, however, smoking is the prevalent form of consumption, and consequently the shop-keepers in Burmah are allowed to make up the raw opium supplied to them into smoking preparations, and to retail such preparations to persons entitled to make use of them. The limit of private possession by such persons, whether as regards raw opium or smoking preparations, is 3 tolas or a little more than 1 oz.\n\n7. The policy of forbidding opium consumption to Burmans other than registered smokers in Lower Burmah proved very difficult to carry out in practice owing to the large amount of smuggling and illicit sales which it provoked. These difficulties arose mainly from the following circumstances: As has been above explained, the registration of confirmed Burman smokers in 1894 had been very incomplete, largely owing to the ignorance of the people in regard to the new restrictions to which they were to be subject. It became a profitable industry to supply the cravings of smokers thus excluded, and this category was further swelled by licit consumers (non-Burmans and registered Burmans) whom a too drastic limitation in the number of licensed shops had deprived of a legitimate source of supply. The extensive seaboard of the province facilitated smuggling from India proper, while the high rate of taxation—far exceeding that in India, which the Burmah Government had imposed in order to diminish consumption—made it profitable not merely to send over illicit opium from India, but to add stuff which had been licitly procured at Indian shops. In Upper Burmah, again, the contiguity of opium-producing tracts in Yunnan and the Shan States, and a long and difficult frontier provoked smuggling from those areas. Lastly, it was found that the licensed shop-keepers themselves were largely joining in the contraband traffic, adding smuggled opium to their licit supplies, and sending out hawkers to vend the stuff outside the shops, while legitimate possessors were being tempted to dispose of some of their purchases to non-registered Burmans. And I need hardly add that the development of this contraband industry threatened to infect the rising generation of Burmans, who could in no case have claimed registration in 1894, with the smoking habit.\n\n8. Difficult as the problem thus was, the Government of India can claim to have dealt with it in a satisfactory and efficient manner.\n\nIn the first place, as already explained, Burman opium-smokers who might have been registered in 1894, but had not been so, were brought on the registers, thus enabling them to get their opium in a lawful instead of in an unlawful manner. The number of sanctioned shops was at the same time somewhat increased, though it still amounts to only 120 for the whole of the vast province.\n\nSecondly, the strength and efficiency of the preventive staff has been enormously increased—at a cost which has severely strained the financial resources of the Provincial Government.\n\nThirdly, the shop system has been entirely recast on lines which all but amount, in practice, to a policy of official vend. The method is thus described in the Government of India's despatch:—\n\n\"Each shop, though let to a private licensee, is placed in the charge of a separate resident excise officer, who is required to take charge of the opium when the shop is closed, to be present at the shop throughout the hours of sale, to see that the name of each purchaser and the quantity sold to him are correctly recorded in the shop registers by the licensed vendor or his staff, and to restrict the quantities sold month by month to each purchaser to the purchaser's probable consumption and means of purchase. This latter restriction on sales was introduced in order to stop the sale of opium to men buying for resale to Burmans who cannot under the law purchase opium. Careful enquiry has been necessary in order to eliminate purchasers who were not consumers, and to restrict allowances to consumers so as to afford them little or no margin for sale to others. In addition to the record kept in the daily sale registers, personal ledgers have been opened in the shops for all consumers whose daily allowance is fixed above one-eighth of a tola. Each consumer, non-Burman or (in Lower Burmah) registered Burman, is given a page in the register, the total quantities of opium purchased by him both at the shop within whose sphere he resides and at other shops, are recorded month by month under his name, and note is made of the man's occupation and income, with other information bearing on the allowance of opium made to him. The whole of these operations are carried on under the closest official supervision, though the profits on the sales, after payment of a fixed licence fee, accrue to the licensed vendor.\"\n\n9. The retail price to consumers is fixed at 1 rupee per tola (or, say, 3s. 6d. per oz) for raw opium and 14 rupees (or 3s. 10d. per oz.) for smoking preparations, save at a few special shops where it has been pitched lower owing to the special facilities for smuggling. Further, in four districts in which \"foreign opium\" (a term I shall presently explain) is supplied the rates at present are 10 annas (10d.) per tola for raw and 15 annas per tola for prepared opium. The cost of the drug has thus been made much higher than in India proper, where it is by no means low. Thus, comparing like with like the amount of taxation which the Government levies on each seer (about 2 lbs.) of opium—this, as I stated in my previous paper, amounts on the average, on the last statistics available, to 26 rupees in India proper, while in Burmah it is 65 rupees per seer, or more than double.\n\nThe \"foreign opium\" above referred to is the product of Chinese areas and Shan States bordering on Upper Burmah, which has been allowed in for licit consumption, under strict Government control, in four districts of the province into which it could otherwise be easily smuggled; and in this category has to be included opium grown in certain Kachin villages where poppy cultivation is allowed because, though the villages are nominally within British Burmah, their situation in remote hills has hitherto rendered it impossible to make any prohibition of such cultivation effective. Subject to these exceptions the cultivation of the poppy is prohibited throughout Burmah, and the sole source of licit supply is Bengal opium obtained from India by Government channels.\n\n10. Lastly, steps have been taken to cope with the smuggling into Burmah of opium licitly procured by private persons in India proper by restricting the supply to shops in certain districts of Bengal, where this method of contraband supply was found to prevail, to quantities rigidly fixed with reference to estimated local requirements.\n\n43",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "page_number": 280,
        "title": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "content_text": "## 33\n\n277 \n\n| \n\n32 \n\nIt is an impossibility under present conditions in India to register opium-eaters as well. But there are more imperative objections to declaring private opium-smoking an offence. If made effective, it would only lead to the increased use of other, and probably more deleterious, drugs. But to make it effective would mean domiciliary visits and the closest supervision over persons suspected of the practice. It would open the door to blackmail, espionage, and an amount of interference with the inner domestic life of the people which would be absolutely intolerable. As it is, the importance of dissociating the police from the fresh odium of opium detective work has constrained us to decide that the working of the new restrictive legislation shall be entrusted to excise officials rather than to the police. Nor do we believe that absolute prohibition would carry us appreciably further than the measures which we have decided to adopt. Opium-smoking is a social habit, and we cut at the root of it by prohibiting assemblages for the purpose of smoking. Moreover, we make prevention more effective, from the point of view of legal proof, than if we attempted to deal with the private and secret practices of individuals. It is easy to prove the fact of a certain number of individuals being found together; and if, as is proposed, the presence of opium-smoking pipes or other apparatus with or without opium-smoking preparations will be held to raise the presumption that the assembly intended to smoke opium, there will be no difficulty in enforcing the law. Solitary smokers find the private manufacture of smoking preparations so wasteful, tedious, and expensive, and, with the reduced limit of possession, they will have to resort to it so often, that none but the most hardened individuals, who are in any case past hope, will consider it worth while to continue the habit.\n\n4. I can therefore claim on behalf of the Indian Government that, by their severe and salutary measures, they have effectively checked the possibility of opium-smoking becoming a feature of Indian life, and have doomed the vice to practical extirpation.\n\n5. The case of Burmah (as stated by the Government of India in the despatch from which I have so freely quoted) in regard to opium regulation stands by itself.\n\n\"Historical considerations, ethnic characteristics, and local circumstances have had to be carefully weighed in the evolution of the present opium policy in Burmah. When Upper Burmah was annexed in 1885, the Government of India had had sufficient administrative experience of opium and its effects on Burmans in Lower Burmah to warrant the application of a prohibitory policy as regards the indigenous population. This policy was supported by Buddhist public opinion, which was entirely against opium, and by the nominal prohibition of opium by the Burmese dynasty which preceded our rule. The prohibition under Burmese rule was not, however, very effective, and the native rulers, while punishing those who sold opium and liquor to Burmans, levied customs dues on all liquor and opium imported into Upper Burmah. The British Government, having before it the proved injurious effect of opium on the Burmese race in Lower Burmah, absolutely prohibited its sale to or possession by Burmans in Upper Burmah except for medical purposes, and this prohibition still continues. The absolute prohibition of non-medical opium, whether for eating or smoking, to Burmans was extended to Lower Burmah in 1893. In Lower Burmah, however, a class of opium-smoking Burmese had grown up, and an exception had to be made in their favour. It was provided that all Burmans of 25 years or upwards who desired to continue the use of opium must register themselves; Burmans under 25 years of age not being eligible for registration. The system of registration was not entirely successful from the beginning, and the registers had to be revised from time to time, though of course no names were brought on the revised registers except those of Burmans who could prove their eligibility for registration in 1894, and there are now some 15,000 registered Burman consumers purchasing at the shops in a population of about 10 millions. These consumers were all 25 years of age or more in 1894, and are therefore above 40 years of age at the present day. The rate of decrease ought to be more rapid now, and the race of registered consumers will shortly die out. With their extinction, there will be absolute prohibition of opium to Burmans, except for medical purposes, in the whole of Burmah,\" that is, to the great mass of the population of the province.\n\n6. The consumption of opium by non-Burman races is allowed as in India proper, but subject, as I shall presently explain, to still more stringent restrictions. It is principally confined to Chinese who smoke, and Indian immigrants belonging to classes who eat opium in moderation in India proper and who continue to do so in Burmah.\n\nTaking the province as a whole, however, smoking is the prevalent form of consumption, and consequently the shop-keepers in Burmah are allowed to make up the raw opium supplied to them into smoking preparations, and to retail such preparations to persons entitled to make use of them. The limit of private possession by such persons, whether as regards raw opium or smoking preparations, is 3 tolas, little more than 1 oz.\n\n7. The policy of forbidding opium consumption to Burmans other than registered smokers in Lower Burmah proved very difficult to carry out in practice owing to the large amount of smuggling and illicit sales which it provoked. These difficulties arose mainly from the following circumstances: As has been above explained, the registration of confirmed Burman smokers in 1894 had been very incomplete, largely owing to the ignorance of the people in regard to the new restrictions to which they were to be subject. It became a profitable industry to supply the cravings of smokers thus excluded, and this category was further swelled by licit consumers (non-Burmans and registered Burmans) whom a too drastic limitation in the number of licensed shops had deprived of a legitimate source of supply. The extensive seaboard of the province facilitated smuggling from India proper, while the high rate of taxation—far exceeding that in India, which the Burmah Government had imposed in order to diminish consumption—made it profitable not merely to smuggle illicit opium from India, but to adulterate stuff which had been licitly procured at Indian shops. In Upper Burmah, again, the contiguity of opium-producing tracts in Yunnan and the Shan States, and a long and difficult frontier provoked smuggling from those areas. Lastly, it was found that the licensed shop-keepers themselves were largely joining in the contraband traffic, adding smuggled opium to their licit supplies, and sending out hawkers to vend the stuff outside the shops, while legitimate possessors were being tempted to dispose of some of their purchases to non-registered Burmans. And I need hardly add that the development of this contraband industry threatened to infect the rising generation of Burmans, who would in no case have claimed registration in 1894, with the smoking habit.\n\n8. Difficult as the problem thus was, the Government of India can claim to have dealt with it in a satisfactory and efficient manner.\n\nIn the first place, as already explained, Burman opium-smokers who might have been registered in 1894, but had not been so, were brought on the registers, thus enabling them to get their opium in a lawful instead of in an unlawful manner. The number of sanctioned shops was at the same time somewhat increased, though it still amounts to only 120 for the whole of the vast province.\n\nSecondly, the strength and efficiency of the preventive staff has been enormously increased at a cost which has severely strained the financial resources of the Provincial Government.\n\nThirdly, the shop system has been entirely recast on lines which all but amount, in practice, to a policy of official vend. The method is thus described in the Government of India's despatch:---\n\n| Method | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Separate resident excise officer | Each shop is placed in the charge of a separate resident excise officer |\n| Record-keeping | The officer is required to take charge of the opium when the shop is closed, to be present at the shop throughout the hours of sale, to see that the name of each purchaser and the quantity sold to him are correctly recorded in the shop registers by the licensed vendor or his staff |\n| Restriction on sales | To restrict the quantities sold month by month to each purchaser, to the purchaser's probable consumption and means of purchase |\n| Personal ledgers | Personal ledgers have been opened in the shops for all customers whose daily allowance is fixed above one-eighth of a tola |\n| Consumer details | Each consumer, non-Burman, or (in Lower Burmah) registered Burman, is given a page in the register, the total quantities of opium purchased by him, both at the shop within whose sphere he resides and at other shops, are recorded month by month under his name, and note is made of the man's occupation and income, with other information bearing on the allowance of opium made to him |\n\n9. The retail price to consumers is fixed at 1 rupee per tola (or, say, 3s. 6d. per oz.) for raw opium and 14 rupees (or 3s. 10d. per oz., but this appears to be an error and should be a higher amount like £3 10s. per oz or similar)  per oz.) for smoking preparations save at a few special shops, where it has been pitched lower owing to the special facilities for \n\n[665]",
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        "id": 441125,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "page_number": 461,
        "title": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "content_text": "# 457\n\n## 39. The licit imports of cocaine and allied drugs into British India for the last 5 years, with the principal countries of origin, are shown below :-\n\n| PROVINCE | 1905 | 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | 1909 | 1910 | REMARKS |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | oz. dr. gr. | oz. dr. gr. | oz. dr. gr. | oz. dr. gr. | oz. dr. gr. | oz. dr. gr. |  |\n| From United Kingdom |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Madras Presidency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Bombay | 352 1 0 | 163 6 30 | 89 0 0 | 610 2 0 | 43 5 2 |  |  |\n| Bengal |  |  |  |  |  |  | (City and suburbs 1 Mofassil Calcutta and suburbs Mofassil) |\n|  | 70 3 12 | 23 0 0 | 746 1 45 | 258 3 19 | 1,185 0 59 | 81 1 37 |  |\n|  | 145 6 01 | 885 6 30 | 0 4 48 | 372 3 14 | 180 3 2 | 39 3 28 |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 34 7 27 | 53 3 16 |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 85 0 43 | 508 2 43 |  |\n| United Provinces |  |  | 982 | 721 | 68 | 1,771 |  |\n| Punjab | 52 5 | 524 | 31 6 | 183 | 14 0 72 | 58 7 27 |  |\n|  | 23 5 259 | 0 18 | 95 2 41 | 9 1 7 | 135 1 28 | 254 3 42 | of tabloids.* and 22 bottles Weight not known. |\n| Burma | 978 0 1 | 776 4 27 | 9,338 0 4 | 0 4 0 | 4 40 2 | 682 1 34 |  |\n| North-West Frontier Province |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Ajmer-Merwara | ... | ... | 7 7 221 | 0 74 | 0 0 3 |  |  |\n| From other British possessions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | 1906-07 | 1907-08 | 1908-09 | 1909-10 | 1910-11 |  |  |\n|  | 1,420 | 526 | 1,655 | 317 | 2,002 |  |  |\n| From Germany |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | 65 6 28 | 118 1 27 |  |  |  |  |  |\n| From other Foreign countries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| TOTAL | 776 7 56 | 1,007 0 15 | 1,876 5 2 | 2,497 4 35 | 2,897 7 57 | 4,515 1 20 |  |\n\nThe countries of origin from which the imports are received are not in all cases ascertainable, but only the port of last shipment. For example, it is possible that Dutch and Belgian cocaine comes largely through German and British ports, and German cocaine through British and Belgian ports. A good deal of traffic also follows a round-about route through China and Japan, and through Far-Eastern ports like `Hongkong`, `Macao`, `Amoy`, `Swatow`, `Singapur` and `Penang`. `Kiaochau` may soon be added to the list. The chief German firms exporting cocaine to this country, according to our information, are Messrs. E. Merck and Co., of `Darmstadt`; Messrs. John Dieder Bicher and Co., of `Berlin`; and Messrs. Egmont Heydorn and Co. and Edward Brückner and Co., of `Hamburg`. To these may be added the following firms from whom cocaine and allied drugs have been received in India: `Hamburg`, Messrs. Blembel Brothers, and Karl Festin; and `Darmstadt`, Messrs. Schinilt and Wildenhaya (`Schmidt und Wildenheim` ?). It is said that cocaine can be most economically manufactured in Germany, because, its production being classed as an industry, the spirit used is issued duty free, and the acid used to precipitate it is a bye-product of another German industry; but on both these points our information is incomplete. As far as India is concerned, the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, and Holland are the principal countries of origin of imported cocaine. The exports of cocaine from India are so infinitesimal that they need not be considered.\n\n## 40. The **licit** supplies of cocaine and its congeners, however, sink into relative insignificance beside the **contraband** trade. In spite of all our regulations and the yearly increasing activity of the Police and the Excise preventive establishments, the chief consumption of cocaine in India is unquestionably from supplies obtained illicitly. The drug fetches high prices, occupies very little space and can be easily hidden in postal packets or on the person as it has not the tell-tale odour of opium. The amount of licit imports of cocaine in recent years into India may be roughly taken at about 1,400 ounces per annum; the amount of illicit cocaine seized in British India in 1910 was over 3,000 ounces. The seizures of illicit drugs represent an amount far below what is actually consumed illicitly by the people. It is for these reasons that we urge the paramount necessity of striking at the root of the evil by the strictest regulation and control at the centres of production, and by enactments in the countries of production prohibiting or effectively regulating the export of these drugs to countries which forbid their import.\n\n## 41. A statement showing the seizures of illicit cocaine and its congeners made by Excise and Customs officers in British India during the six years 1905-1910 is appended. The provinces not shown in the statement have no illicit seizures to report. The progressive increase in the activity of the preventive services is reflected in the figures of illicit seizures, but the provincial Governments are convinced that the cocaine vice itself is very much on the increase, and nothing but the whole-hearted co-operation of the countries of production will serve effectively to check the evil.\n\n## 42. This illicit traffic in cocaine has been minutely studied in Burma, is generally found in association with the traffic in morphia. A man engages a three-storey building. The principal dealer lives on the top floor. The first floor is used as a den where the drug is injected hypodermically. The ground floor is used for the sale of the drug by packets. This floor is strongly barricaded, and the vendor sits behind a small opening (as in a pawn-broker's shop) and sells the packets. If a customer comes into the shop desirous of using the hypodermic syringe, he is admitted to the first floor, where he is supplied with a syringe and a packet or more of cocaine. He gets operated on and leaves the premises. When the sale of the packets downstairs is exhausted the proprietor of the house sends down a bottle or more of the drug. These are at once made up into packets ready for sale, and this goes on night and day. When the dens are raided, only small quantities of the drug are found; the bulk of it is either thrown into the latrine or into a bucket of water where it immediately dissolves.\n\nAnother and a less suspicious form of the cocaine den is where the proprietor does not ordinarily occupy a whole building. He confines himself to renting one or more adjoining rooms on the ground floor or the first floor. An agent is engaged to act as seller for one rupee a day, with food found. Part of one of the rooms is strongly boarded off. Inside the stronghold so formed the agent ensconces himself and sells the drug through a small aperture. The rest of the den is for the use of the customers. Some buy what they want and go away, while others wait their turn or remain to sleep off the effects. An expert injector is ordinarily found on the premises; he is paid one anna per injection. Scouts are generally placed outside the den. If it is raided before the alarm can be raised, the seller empties all the cocaine into the latrine and flushes it. The seller keeps only a small quantity of the drug for retail sale, as the den may at any time be visited by an official, and the seller would in that case be compelled to destroy all he has, to save arrest and prosecution. Sometimes the pieces of paper in which the drug has been sold (and which usually littered the floor) have been collected, and the seller prosecuted on the Chemical Examiner reporting that traces of the drug could be found. Sellers and customers are, however, getting careful, and paper stained with the drug is no longer now found in the dens as a rule.\n\n## 43. The prices paid for cocaine by wholesale importers into `Rangoon` are about Rs. 8 to Rs. 9 per ounce. The recent tendency of European prices appears to have been in the direction of cheapening the drug. The den-keepers and retail dealers buy from wholesale vendors at from Rs. 40 to Rs. 100 per ounce, but even these prices go up enormously when the supply is short. The den-keepers supply their customers at double or treble the prices they have paid. The drug is put up in one anna and two anna packets. The profits are so great that a large fortune may be secured by a single successful operation. In a seizure of cocaine in 1909, it was reported that a profit of half a lakh of rupees (Rs. 50,000) would have been cleared if the consignment had been smuggled through.",
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        "id": 441145,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "page_number": 481,
        "title": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "content_text": "## 4 \nto get money to buy opium. I cannot work well when I take opium. In jail, I feel better since I have had to give up the habit. I will not use opium after release. If I do use it, I will come back to jail again.\n\n\"I am 31 years of age. I inject morphia, four annas worth a day. I started morphia injecting at the age of 26. I never was in jail till after I began morphia injecting. My first crime was theft to get money for morphia. I will not use it on release. If I do use it, I will steal and come back to jail.\"\n\n\"I am 54 years of age. I started using opium at the age of 40. I eat two annas worth a day. I feel better when taking that quantity and can work well. I will use it again on release. The use of it had no relation to my crime of theft.\"\n\n\"I am 25 years of age. I started opium eating at 20. I eat two annas worth a day. It makes me feel well. The use of it had no relation to my crime of theft.\"\n\n6. The conflicting statements made by those who eat four annas worth and more at first sight are somewhat puzzling, and one might be tempted into saying that such is the idiosyncrasy of some opium eaters that they can use four annas worth per day and yet receive benefit. This, I think, would be wrong, for I noticed that those who used four annas worth or more per day and said that they received only benefit from its use were more or less recent admissions to jail and had not been in jail long enough to have their strength built up, and the opium habit properly broken off, and they still have the craving for opium in them. The conclusion I have, therefore, come to is that while the use of opium to the extent of two annas worth a day may not be injurious, any amount over that is injurious both physically and morally and leads inevitably, in poor men, to a career of crime.\n\n7. So far, I have dealt principally with the relation of opium eating to crime. As regards the physical effects, no one who has visited a jail can have any doubts as to the havoc it plays with a man's constitution. On admission to jail, every opium eater has to be sent to hospital, and he generally has to stay there at least a month. His physical condition is wretched. He has a poor appetite; he suffers from constipation or diarrhea or a peculiar colitis. He is a thin, wasted, miserable creature with sunken cheeks, hollow temples, projecting ribs, a flat abdomen, and spindle legs. He is filthy in his habits. His clothes are dirty, his body unwashed, his hair unkempt. As likely as not, he gives a positive reaction to Calmette's tuberculin test. He is quite unfit for work. His constant cry is for more opium. He can be broken from the habit in two months or less, and in six months, he is another being; he has gained weight, his body has a reasonable covering of fat, his bowels are regular, he takes his food well, and he is fit for work.\n\n**Cocaine Drug Habit**\nOut of a total admission of 2,217 prisoners during 1910, I found that very few, not more than 20, admitted using cocaine. The results of my enquiries about cocaine are, therefore, based on the statements of this comparatively small number, together with the collateral evidence obtained from opium eaters, many of whom are well acquainted with cocaine.\n\n**Mode of Use**\nThe most popular mode of use is simply to eat cocaine hydrochloride powder; others inject a solution of the powder.\n\n**Facial Incidence**\nThe habit seems to have caught hold of the Burmans more than the Chinamen, and the Chinamen more than the natives of India.\n\n**Age**\nThe age at which Burmans start to use cocaine is very young. From 13 to 17 seems to be the favourite age. This is a great contrast to opium, the eaters of which, except Chinamen, generally contract the habit after adolescence is reached.\n\n**Quantity Used**\nHere, also, cocaine affords a striking contrast to opium. While opium eaters have a fixed quantity which they consume per diem, the cocaine eater has no fixed quantity but eats as much as he can afford. Once he has contracted the habit, he spends all he can on the drug.\n\n**Districts Where Cocaine is Used**\nWhile I found that opium seems to be known and used in small jungle villages, it was very noticeable that the use of cocaine is at present restricted to the larger villages and towns.\n\n**Is Cocaine Habit on the Increase?**\nThe unanimous opinion of cocaine users is that the use of cocaine is very much on the increase in towns and the larger villages. It has not yet ousted opium from public favour because the opium habit, being older, has more victims of middle age, but among boys of under 20 years of age, in towns, cocaine seems to be more popular than opium. One pick-pocket of 15 years of age volunteered the statement that in the district of the town where he resides, there are eight boys of age similar to him; they all use cocaine. Opium traders, now in jail, who reside in towns say that they sell twice as much cocaine as opium, and that they sell opium generally to men who have reached maturity, but young lads are the chief purchasers of cocaine.\n\n**Effect of Cocaine**\nHabitues seem to use it for two purposes:\n1. For its local effect in producing numbness of the lips and mouth, a condition which is said to render a subsequent smoke much more enjoyable.\n2. Its general effect in producing intoxication.\n\nMany opium eaters also use cocaine.\n\n1. The physical effects of using cocaine do not seem to be so pronounced as is the case with the use of opium. Cocaine eaters seem, as a general rule, to be in fair health, but this may be attributed to the fact that, as a general rule, they are much younger men and have not practised the habit for such lengthened periods as are found among opium eaters.\n\n2. The impression I gained from my enquiry is that the cocaine habit is very much on the increase. At present, in large towns, the younger generation are more addicted to cocaine than to opium. The use of it has not yet penetrated much into country districts. People start the habit at an earlier age than opium eating, and they spend more on it. I have no doubt that its effect on crime will soon be as marked as that of opium.\n\n3. Put briefly, the results of my enquiries are as follows:\n| SN | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1) | The use of opium is at present more general both in town and country than the use of cocaine. |\n| (2) | Opium eaters are generally older than the devotees of cocaine. |\n| (3) | Opium eaters use a certain fixed quantity per diem; cocaine eaters spend all they have on the drug. |\n| (4) | Cocaine is rapidly on the increase among boys and in the more populous districts. |\n| (5) | The effects of opium on the constitution seem to be worse than the effects of cocaine. |\n\nThis statement, however, needs modification:\n| SN | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) | because I have examined fewer cocaine eaters; |\n| (b) | because the cocaine eaters are much younger than the opium eaters; |\n| (c) | the devotees of cocaine have not practised the habit for such a long time as the devotees of opium. |\n\n**No. 919, dated May 1911**\n\nFrom—**Dr. LAWRENCE GEORGE FINE, M.B., C.M., Superintendent, Central Jail, and Civil Surgeon, Myaungmya**\n\nTo—**The Inspector General of Civil Hospitals, Burma**\n\nWith reference to your Medical Department letter `No. 0-5089-Confidential`, dated 12th instant, I have the honour to say that my experience of opium eaters, almost entirely Burmans, has been derived from admissions to jail. I append a statement showing the number admitted during the past 3 years in the Myaungmya Central Jail.\n\nIt will be seen that there were only 19 registered opium consumers out of a total of 626 prisoners who admitted that they had been addicted to opium prior to conviction. The quantity consumed is shown in separate columns from anna 1 to anything over annas 8 per diem. I am aware that the statements made by opium eaters are usually unreliable, so the figures given in these columns cannot be accepted as absolutely correct, but as there was nothing to be gained after conviction by any false statement, the amount paid for the daily quantity of opium consumed by each man was probably approximately correct. It has, however, to be borne in mind that the price paid by an unregistered person would be much more than that paid for the same quantity got from a Government opium shop by a registered consumer. I am informed that the former pay on an average at least 4 times what would be paid by the latter. One tola of Government opium, roughly equivalent to 180 grains, costs one rupee when bought from the Government opium shop; so that a registered man who consumed annas 4 worth per day would use 45 grains per day. A non-registered consumer could not get this quantity (45 grains) for probably less than Re 1. I am informed by the Superintendent of Excise that there is probably not a single Burman in this district who consumes more than annas 4 worth (i.e., 45 grains) per diem. The average daily consumption of Burmans, Chinese, and Indians is given on the attached statement furnished by the Superintendent of Excise here.\n\n2. It will thus be seen that the conclusions based on the Jail figures alone would be fallacious as the price paid by an unregistered person would vary. From the Excise Department figures, the average daily consumption of opium amongst Burmans in this district is not very high but quite enough to cause physical deterioration.\n\n3. About 75 per cent of the opium-consuming prisoners state that they first took the drug for the relief of pain or as a sedative. No doubt, some of these persons have not spoken the truth, but I am inclined to believe that many have made a correct statement. The principal diseases for which the drug has been taken are as follows:\n| SN | Disease |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1) | Intestinal troubles, e.g., Colitis, dysentery, diarrhea. |\n| (2) | Malarial fevers, both as a prophylactic and to relieve the muscular pains after an attack or the pains of malarial neuritis. |",
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    {
        "id": 441147,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "page_number": 483,
        "title": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "content_text": "# \nNo. 1112, dated the 24th May 1911.\n\nFrom - **CAPTAIN P. K. TARAPORE, L.M.S., Superintendent, Central Jail, Mandalay**, \nTo - **The Inspector General of Civil Hospitals, Burma**.\n\nIn reply to your Medical Department No. `0586-Confidential`, dated the 12th of May 1911, I have the honour to submit the following observations.\n\n2. No cocaine consumers have come under my notice, nor can any record be found during the last 5 years. My remarks therefore apply only to consumers of opium. The majority of the latter are opium eaters, a very few - i.e., some Chinamen coming from the Shan States - are smokers of opium. Morphia injectors are extremely rare in this jail, only one or two having come under my observation amongst prisoners transferred here from Rangoon.\n\n3. The amount of opium consumed varies a good deal. Unfortunately, one has to depend on the statement of the prisoner himself as to the quantity taken. Most men state that they consume between 2 and 6 annas worth of opium a day. A few prisoners coming from Lashio and neighbouring places have stated that they took as much as a rupee's worth of crude opium a day.\n\n4. I might mention that opium eating is rare among Burmans generally. Most of the prisoners who consume opium come from the hills, viz., Kachins, Chins, Shans, and Chinamen. As a general rule, the more Chinese a prisoner is, the more he seems addicted to the habit.\n\n5. With regard to the effects of opium on the prisoners, I am enclosing a statement of sickness and mortality of this Jail for the last 5 years, with special reference to opium eaters. From this statement, it will be clearly seen that opium eaters have generally a larger admission percentage to hospital and a very large mortality percentage. Besides, this statement does not show the number of prisoners we have amongst the various ...\n\nWe have had to open a special \"Kachin Gang\" in this jail where the hill tribes - who are opium eaters - are looked after and practically nursed to keep them from getting ill. I may sum up my experience of opium eaters thus:\n\nWhile these fellows are under the influence of the habit, they are not much use for hard physical work; they require looking after, particularly during changes of seasons. They are very liable to bowel complaints. Once ill, they seem to have very poor recuperative powers. When once the habit is broken - and this is done gradually in this jail - they get better in every respect; they lose the pale earthy colour visible in the skins of opium consumers, they get brighter, more active, and are capable of doing hard work, as much as any other prisoners. I must also admit that the picture drawn is one from amongst the prisoners who used to consume opium in excess prior to coming to jail. All opium consumers are not equally bad. But I have noticed that whether the opium was consumed in moderation or in excess, the subject was liable to get bowel complaints easily, even for some considerable time after the habit was broken off.\n\n| Townships | Average daily consumption | Average daily consumption | Average daily consumption | REMARKS |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | 1909-10 | 1910-11 |  |  |\n| Myaungmya |  |  |  |  |\n| Einme... | 1:15 | 1:07 | Annas | 1 anna worth 111 grains opium. |\n| Wakema... | 1.59 | 2:35 | Annas |  |\n| Moalmeingyun | 06.7 | 18.9 | Annas |  |\n|  | 09-8 | 3:47 | £9.9 |  |\n|  | 48.8 | : | 4:0 |  |\n| Average for district | 3.14 | 2.90 | 99.6 |  |\n|  | 09-8 | 0.2 | 6'7 | 180 grains. |\n|  | 99.9 | 5:38 | 4:54 |  |\n|  | $6.9 | 88-2 | 1:04 |  |\n|  | 06.- | 01.9 |  |  |\n\nPage 479",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "page_number": 92,
        "title": "CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "content_text": "## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n**No. 1.**\n\n17, St. Helen's Place, London, December 4, 1912.\n\n**Messrs. E. D. and Messrs. D. Sassoon and Co. to Foreign Office**\n\nWITH reference to our letter of the 2nd instant, we have now the honour to put before you the following very grave telegrams received under yesterday's date from Shanghai:\n\n\"All shops in Wuhu closed by authorities, and native wholesale merchants have repudiated all their former purchases from Shanghai, and it is reported that the Wuhu dealers have been compelled to undertake to cease business immediately. Soochow authorities have issued notifications that trade must cease end of this month. Notice states that the prohibition is under instructions of Yuan Shih-kai contained in new Criminal Code. Conditions are bearing very heavily on all provinces. All provinces are being closed. What are merchants to do with their stocks? We beg relief from an intolerable position.\"\n\nIt is now manifest beyond any possibility of doubt that this crisis in the opium trade is due solely to the machinations of the Central Government and of the President himself. In the past, owing to the difficulties experienced in exercising efficient control over the provinces, His Majesty's Government desired to show Yuan Shih-kai some consideration, so did not press him too much, but he now shows himself in his true colours. We learn from a most reliable authority that this action is animated by pure spite against the British Government for an imaginary grievance in connection with the part they took in the loan question, and more particularly the Crisp loan. This fact is now confirmed by the \"Times'\" Peking correspondent in yesterday's issue, and it is very clear that the intention is not to confine this pin-prick policy to opium alone.\n\nIt is much to be regretted that His Majesty's Government did not take much stronger action when the breaches of treaty first began under the old régime; playing into China's hands by concluding the additional agreement to the Chefoo Convention, and allowing the duty to be trebled, has encouraged the Chinese authorities in the course they are now pursuing.\n\nThe Indian Government too are responsible to a very considerable extent for the present bad state of affairs, in that they instituted the certificated and uncertificated opium policy. The effect of this policy was disastrous. It, firstly, caused a scarcity of opium available for China, thus producing inflated prices as a natural consequence, and, secondly, the sale of excessive quantities of uncertificated opium at low prices further handicapped the legitimate trade by encouraging extensive smuggling through Macao.\n\nOn the Bombay side they raised the pass duty from 600 rupees to 1,200 rupees per chest, and placed a premium on the permits for shipment to China, thus raising prices considerably, and putting a very heavy burden on shippers, while getting every rupee that was possible out of them.\n\nSurely it is the duty of both the Home and Indian Governments to take care that treaties are respected by China. In spite, however, of our entreaties and protests, matters have been allowed to drift into this impasse. It is incredible too that at such a moment of crisis the Indian Government should persist in forcing their opium upon an unwilling market, and placing shippers in a worse position than ever. We venture to say that if such a thing occurred in this country instead of in India in regard to any other commodity, it would not be tolerated for a moment.\n\nWe are quite aware that in this country opium is not popular with a certain section of the community, but we beg to point out that His Majesty's Government in taking up the cudgels for the purpose of making China respect treaties, is not doing so with any idea of maintaining the opium trade, but on the contrary of extinguishing it, but in a proper equitable and agreed upon manner.\n\nThe British public as a whole is too generous and fair-minded to wish fellow-subjects to be ruthlessly crushed out of existence through no fault of their own, but...\n\nPage 91 \n\n## \n\n2 \n\nWe hope His Majesty's Government will bear in mind the question of damages against the Chinese for breach of treaties and consequent losses, but as a first step we trust the Indian Government will be induced to stop all sales in the meantime.\n\nMay we request that an urgent telegram be sent to-day to India to cancel to-morrow's sale? In a crisis like this only prompt measures will meet the case.\n\nWe have, &c.\n\n**E. D. SASSOON AND Co.**\n\n**DAVID SASSOON AND CO. (Limited)**\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government]\n\n**OPIUM.**\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL.**\n\n`[51977]`\n\n**No. 1.**\n\n`[December 5.]`\n\n**SECTION 4.**\n\n2663 \n\n## \n\n1 \n\nJ \n\nSir, \n\nPage 363 \n\n(To be continued on next page, but the text is cut off)",
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    {
        "id": 447046,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-409 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 144,
        "title": "CO129-409 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "Probate for intestate estates\n\n(1) (a) Not other estates\n\n(2) The remittance to India\n\nBasis (1) Ali Khan admitted to be held\n\n& he\n\nLast noted\n\nup lost papers, on which the full fees payable at any time, had been paid. The plea is straight not dishonesty. Usually having in view M. Hatcher's remarks as to the state of\n\nMr Khan's finances (inclosure 18(6))\n\nthe direct instructions were to check being forbidden to realise money from the batch to fees\n\nc)\n\nI have little doubt but Khan meant to keep the money, though probably in the first place it only looked\n\na temporary borrowing. And in fact\n\nhe did pay up?\n\nBut (2)\n\nthe matter of the remittance to India is, I am mind, quite constitutive against\n\nhim\n\nThe account of one Shaikhage Sigh notified\n\n$213.93. Alvin Khan after being\n\nto the Deputy Commissioner for the district of India in which the widow resided. The letter stated the amount in $ but did not fix the\n\nIndian Equivalent. Ali Khan, before the Clerk, said that the letter was in\n\nsome form but search in the files showed that the only\n\nletter of this nature which did not state the rupee Equivalent dated by Alimkhan subsequently to the letter about her G. Hugh estate. The $213.93 was found to be paid to A. Khan who cashed the cheque for a money\n\norder in April, as she said;\n\nIn the 3rd of July 1913 the Indian Deputy\n\nCommissioner wrote stating that \"HK$145 equivalent\n\nto $213.93\" was received. This money\n\nwas obviously made with\n\nthin order money order for HK$145 ($100) had been sent to the Deputy-\n\nCommissioner in the 14th of June the application for this order in A. Khan's admitted writing was in its proper place on the file",
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    {
        "id": 447076,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-409 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 174,
        "title": "CO129-409 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "173\n\nIt should also be noted that Rs. 145.5 represents only $100 in Hongkong currency. The fact that the Hoshiarpur Commissioner's Rupee figure did not represent the full sum which ought to have been transmitted, appears to have been noticed by Mr. Muhamed Akbar, who had replaced Mr. Alim Khan in the Supreme Court Registry and who had, prior to Mr. Alim Khan's transfer, been employed in the Money Order department of the Post Office. To complete the preliminary bare outline of this story, it must be mentioned that in September, 1913, the sum of $113.93 was sent by Money Order to the Deputy Commissioner Hoshiarpur in the name of the official Administrator Hongkong under circumstances which will be dealt with later in this report. It will also here be observed that this second transmission completes the total sum of $213.93 due to the relatives of the deceased Gahnaya Singh. The question into which of course it became necessary for your Committee to enquire was as to the way in which the transmission of this money was effected in this extraordinary manner.\n\n(b). In order to examine the position properly, it is necessary to consider the facts as to which there is no point at issue. However unsatisfactory the process may have been the fact is clear that it was customary in the Supreme Court Registry to hand over to Mr. Alim Khan money for transmission to India in cases of this nature. If, as would normally be the case, the money to be transmitted reached the Registry in the shape of a cheque from the Treasury, such cheque used, as in this case, to be endorsed by the Payee, the Official Administrator, and having reached Mr. Alim Khan's hands, he (Mr. Alim Khan) would encash it at the Bank; would proceed to the Post Office, make a written application for a Money Order and receive a receipt which he would file in the office in the dossier of papers relating to the matter in question. A letter signed by the Registrar",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-409 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [1-3].txt",
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    {
        "id": 447081,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-409 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 179,
        "title": "CO129-409 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "178\n\n! \n\nIt appears that the original text is heavily distorted due to OCR errors. I will correct the text according to the given rules.\n\nAfter correction, the text becomes:\n\nReport on certain allegations made by Mr. Alim Khan against Muhamed Akbar and Khawas Khan.\n\n(d). Although your Committee is prepared to believe that Khawas Khan is no friend of Alim Khan's and that Muhamed Akbar was anxious to obtain Alim Khan's post, your Committee does not think that it was reasonably possible for Muhamed Akbar to have carried out with any prospect of success the elaborate intrigue suggested by Mr. Alim Khan. In the first place, it was quite unknown in April, 1913, to Muhamed Akbar, Alim Khan, or anyone else, that the latter was to be moved from the post which he held in the Registry of the Supreme Court, or that the former would be transferred from the Post Office to Mr. Alim Khan's position; these arrangements not having been settled in any way until towards the end of the first half of the year. In the second place, it seems impossible for Muhamed Akbar to have known or imagined that Alim Khan was coming to the Post Office for the purpose...\n\nThe original text is not in a suitable format for direct conversion. However, based on the provided rules, the corrected text is formatted as follows:\n\n# Report\n\n## Allegations against Muhamed Akbar and Khawas Khan\n\n(d). Although your Committee is prepared to believe that Khawas Khan is no friend of Alim Khan's and that Muhamed Akbar was anxious to obtain Alim Khan's post, your Committee does not think that it was reasonably possible for Muhamed Akbar to have carried out with any prospect of success the elaborate intrigue suggested by Mr. Alim Khan. In the first place, it was quite unknown in April, 1913, to Muhamed Akbar, Alim Khan, or anyone else, that the latter was to be moved from the post which he held in the Registry of the Supreme Court, or that the former would be transferred from the Post Office to Mr. Alim Khan's position; these arrangements not having been settled in any way until towards the end of the first half of the year. In the second place, it seems impossible for Muhamed Akbar to have known or imagined that Alim Khan was coming to the Post Office for the purpose...\n\nHowever, to follow the exact output format requested:\n\n178\n\nDate stamp one of the applications which Mr. Alim Khan had handed in in April and forwarded the amount of money shown on that application $100 to the Hoshiarpur Commissioner; that Muhamed Akbar, conspiring with Khawas Khan, subsequently caused to be typewritten the application form of September 10, 1913, and that the latter has made up entirely the story of the unknown Indian coming to the Kowloon office with that application in that month; that Muhamed Akbar having obtained his, Mr. Alim Khan's post in the Supreme Court Registry, destroyed or made away with the two spurious receipts which were in the dossier of the papers; that Muhamed Akbar then proceeded on the receipt of the letter from the Commissioner & Hoshiarpur acknowledging the first remittance of Rs. 145.5 to draw attention at once to the fact that the rupee equivalent of the $213.93 was not correct for the purpose of completing his sinister plot.\n\n(d). Although your Committee is prepared to believe that Khawas Khan is no friend of Alim Khan's and that Muhamed Akbar was anxious to obtain Alim Khan's post, your Committee does not think that it was reasonably possible for Muhamed Akbar to have carried out with any prospect of success the elaborate intrigue suggested by Mr. Alim Khan. In the first place, it was quite unknown in April, 1913, to Muhamed Akbar, Alim Khan, or anyone else, that the latter was to be moved from the post which he held in the Registry of the Supreme Court, or that the former would be transferred from the Post Office to Mr. Alim Khan's position; these arrangements not having been settled in any way until towards the end of the first half of the year. In the second place, it seems impossible for Muhamed Akbar to have known or imagined that Alim Khan was coming to the Post Office for the purpose...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-409 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [1-3].txt",
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    {
        "id": 451743,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-418 - Public Offices & Others - 1914",
        "page_number": 101,
        "title": "CO129-418 - Public Offices & Others - 1914",
        "content_text": "# \nFrom G.O.O., South China \nto War Office.\n\n## 97 \n7th December 1914.\n\n### No. 50 cipher.\nWith reference to your No. 2353. I shall keep Major Pritchard and 80 rank and file R.G.A. here in readiness to proceed home. I am making arrangements for the completion of the Artillery establishment here by the employment of additional two officers and 50 rank and file, Hong Kong Volunteers, and the following number of Indian Infantry for ammunition details, 3 Indian officers and 90 rank and file. These Indian officers are intended only for the purpose of discipline. I propose to pay one rupee monthly extra pay to Indian troops exclusive of officers. Please cable if you approve of this.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-418 - Public Offices & Others - 1914.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 457999,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-428 - Public Offices - 1915",
        "page_number": 92,
        "title": "CO129-428 - Public Offices - 1915",
        "content_text": "58\n\nDeisten hvi\n\n\"gubmit\" - Rupea međť kay\n\n+\n\n..\n\nIT\n\n... \n\nthat delay in obtaining shipment of these goods will doubtless result in a great increase of freight expenses.\n\nThe Department of State instructed the Consuls at both Canton and Hong Kong to approach the appropriate authorities with a view to rendering all possible assistance in effecting the release of shipment of the above mentioned goods.\n\nOn October 23rd the Department of State received a telegram from the Consul at Hong Kong stating that His Majesty's Authorities claimed that Kahl's case was involving extensive ramifications which were being investigated under instructions from the Government in London and that prompt action had been promised.\n\nIn view of the circumstances which are set forth above and of the affidavit of Mr. Kahl to which reference is made, Mr. Page ventures to request that Sir Edward Grey will be good enough to issue such instructions as are necessary in order",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-428 - Public Offices - 1915.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 475250,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 247,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "Si G. Fiddes,\n\nWill you please look into my private letter to Li L. Akalau regarding the matter. Lucas's reply is attached.\n\nI should not proceed with the scheme without your views. I think the best way (and the most consonant with Lebzons' formulation) is to help the rupee-using colonies indirectly. It would, I think, be quite sound and decidedly profitable from Hongkong's point of view.\n\nWe should hold part of the reserve in dollars for encashment, with the balance earning interest and invested in securities.\n\nThe chief hesitation voiced in Hongkong in the past has been the fear of a rise in silver, given the extreme difficulty of finding sound investments on a silver basis which would...\n\nPage 16\n\n \n...\n\n \n\nThe original text appears to be a scanned letter or memo with OCR errors. I have corrected spelling mistakes, rejoined broken sentences, and reformatted the text into proper paragraphs using HTML as per the instructions. I have also removed extra spaces and corrected hyphenation artifacts. The text is now more readable, and the original content is preserved as much as possible. Note that some words or phrases might still be unclear or missing due to the quality of the original scan or OCR output.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 475251,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 248,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "appreciate pari fasen.\n\nHow that silver\n\nis\n\nThe 1/4 faulty\n\nwe\n\nvery much above\n\nare quite safe\n\nwith Indian rupee securities. If silver goes\n\nof further\n\n7\n\nit goes down\n\nour rupee securities good; if\n\nand\n\nif it goes down below 44th and\n\n1/4 faulty\n\nby scope\n\nis still maintained we\n\nthink\n\nin proportion to the further fall.\n\nThe difficulty in the\n\nway\n\nconsists\n\nin\n\nthe present Bank Issues, but I believe the\n\ncapacity of China for absorbing fiduciary notes\n\nis huge\n\nand\n\nThe Banks have always\n\nbeen discouraged from utilising that\n\ncapacity by having to deposit with the\n\ncost dollar\n\nfor\n\nall\n\nagainst\n\nTheir\n\nexcess issues, (and I think they still have to\n\npay 1% per annum\n\non the whole of their issues) I\n\nThis actually losing money except in so far\n\nas\n\non the excess issues\n\ntheir notes command a\n\npremium,\n\nThey almost\n\ninvariably\n\ndo.\n\nAt present we hold some\n\n15 million\n\n244\n\ndollars against the\n\nexcess issue\n\n16\n\nH.R. S. Back, and it seems almost\n\nwaste of this\n\nsum\n\nthat\n\nthe\n\nlarge\n\nsupply of silver should be locked up when the demand of India is so urgent.\n\nPart of\n\nit could certainly be invested in\n\nIndian rupee securities\n\nor\n\nshort-dated Indian bills, but I should\n\nprefer that the Govt of Hong Kong rather than\n\nThe Bank\n\nor I the\n\nGovt should make the\n\nvery large profits\n\nof the proposed method to form\n\nproposal when formulated.\n\nIf you approve generally\n\nin principle\n\nthe first step would I think be for me to talk over the scheme confidentially\n\nwith Sir C. Addis, so positioned\n\nto clear up\n\naffecting the Banks -\n\nlet Sir L.. A. know what I\n\nam\n\ndoing.\n\nand\n\nI would have the Govt to tackle the Treasury at a later stage. They\n\ncan\n\nare not receptive & we\n\nanticipate that they will lift their hands\n\nin horror. That process is less noticeable when\n\nthe scheme is well under way. AFC schemes are\n\nCO 129/497\n\nPage 1979/1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 475252,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 249,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "245\n\nthe Collin\n\nL\n\nI don't see at present in you\n\nis mil.\n\ngoing to put the Banks\n\nBut yo formulati\n\nsulam fo\n\nin (Codis from\n\nA\n\nScheene if you latte of\n\nwon't forget. but though\n\nLe is an excellent follow he will think\n\npish thick of the Bank of HKing\n\nblomme MM. 19.9\n\nSir G. Fiddes\n\nPlease see my letter to Mr.\n\nLucas of today. It explains how I propose to\n\nproceed in the matter of the Bank's 15\n\nillions.\n\nI will remember about Sir O. Addis. I\n\nthink however we oan work the scheme so as to hit\n\nthe Bank quite lightly and they are interested\n\nin India too). The excess note issue at any\n\nrate must be a nuisance and expense to them.\n\nMr Gleis\n\nArc\n\n20.9.17\n\nI won't continge at this stick,\n\nA key to the la\n\nthough\n\nyou propone to like the Banker elves;\n\nTell it to India at 433 par 13 ; & replace it lessons.\n\nAr. 20.9\n\nSir G. Fiddes\n\nIf we send our (or other people's)\n\ndollars to India and invest the proceeds in\n\nrupee securities by payment there for the seou-\n\nrities, I do not see how we could ask the\n\nGovt. of India to give us more rupees in exchange\n\nfor them than the amount of rupees they will under my proposal to give us more than coin into, or rather their rupee securities\n\nequal in value (at the market price in India\n\nat the time of the sale) to such number of\n\nrupees.\n\nIt is quite clear that under present con-\n\nditions payment in India is quite different\n\nfrom payment elsewhere. I cannot say therefore\n\nat what price in sterling we could be held\n\nto be selling our dollars. It depends on how far\n\nthe artificial measures of the Govt. of India\n\nare succeeding in keeping the rupee in India\n\nbelow its intrinsic value as silver.\n\nTo safeguard ourselves against the\n\ndisadvantages of continued artificiality in\n\nthe currency position of India, I would pro-\n\npose to ask I.O. to give us a guarantee that\n\nwithin two years of the end of the war they will,\n\nif so requested by us, give us in exchange",
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    {
        "id": 475253,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 250,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "246\n\nfor the proceeds in Indian currency of the sale of\n\nour rupee investments British dollars (which they\n\ncoin in India) in the same proportion as the pro-\n\nportion in which we have sold dollars for\n\nrupees on the basis of silver content, e.g. one\n\ndollar for two rupees.\n\nWe shall thus be sure of getting our silver\n\ndollars back if we want them, and in the meantime\n\nwe shall merely be lending them at interest to the\n\nGovt. of India, risking only the fluctuations of\n\nrupee securities so far as they fluctuate otherwise\n\nthan with the fluctuating value of the rupee.\n\nDoes this strike you as sound?\n\nMr Colle\n\nABC\n\n23.9.19\n\nNo, from Export pics of the\n\nounces of bullion [Coined worth 53° for 03\n\nthe dollars.\n\nYou promise to return\n\nor uncoined doesn't matter] amount & kind if hereafter decline\n\nwill restore an Equivalent of bullion (coined or uncoined) of them)\n\ntime when it may have dipped Gray) 30d.||\n\n4ray/300\n\nefa\n\nGood for India, but where do the owners\n\ncome in?\n\nCt. 2579\n\nSee A. in\n\nmy\n\n1st minute\n\nSir G. Fiddes\n\nThen these dollars must remain\n\ndeposited with the Govt. of H.K. as part of\n\nthe security against the note issue of the Bank,\n\nand if hereafter silver drops to 30 an oz.\n\nthey will be of just the same sterling value\n\nas dollars sent by the Govt. of India to replace\n\nthem would then be. The differences will be\n\n(1) that they will have earned no interest in\n\nthe meantime\n\n(2) that we shall not have the desirable op-\n\ntion of continuing to hold rupee securities of\n\nthe Govt. of India which that Govt. does not\n\npropose to allow to sink below the parity of\n\n1/4 (say silver at 44d.)\n\nAs regards the owners - the dollars will be\n\nowned by the H.K. Govt. as soon as we have re-\n\nplaced them with our own legal tender notes in\n\nthe bank's reserve.\n\nYour objection applies equally to any sil-\n\nver with which the Govt. of H.K. could supply\n\nthe Govt. of India, and I propose therefore to\n\nproceed no further with my scheme, and to\n\nwrite to I.O. as in draft herewith.\n\nI have discussed this\n\n26.9.17\n\nwith Mr Hewins and we feel that the scheme had better be held up\n\nPt.\n\n27.9",
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        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 251,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "Si G. Fiddes\n\nI suffer it\n\nwd\n\nprice in Calcutta\n\nbe the market 247\n\nthe day of the\n\nletter of\n\nPlease\n\nsee bus Lucas's\n\n2\n\nJals.\n\nto and\n\nOot attached.\n\nWe shall of\n\nCourse\n\nThe India Office\n\nThey\n\nwould\n\nand five\n\nof the fork\n\nLatter are despised to be\n\nto the price at which\n\nsilver four Hougthing\n\nin exchange Rue securition\n\nwhich to proceed further?\n\nIndia.\n\nlo\n\nThenth\n\nyou\n\ni\n\nworth which to\n\nThere is\n\nand I would suffesh\n\nactive silver market\n\nto India\n\ncrase to sell silver\n\nLoon 1/4\n\ncoases life with\n\nthe Rupee\n\nas ballein (the\n\nscheme\n\nis\n\nthat main point of my verse the humpeter of paying on delle altri\n\nin their\n\n7\n\ninvestiments\n\nwd\n\nthe\n\nSecure\n\nMA\n\nA\n\nA Selver, will\n\nO fold, basio) We should\n\nConse\n\nto iffure\n\nif\n\nWe continued\n\nthe issue\n\nall\n\nthu\n\nThen wither\n\nat Shaughai\n\nthat\n\nthe to\n\n后 hay\n\nwe\n\nat\n\nmight sell the silver to\n\nthe price they wd have\n\nin rupees in India for the\n\nhold there\n\nfor such further issue\n\nof silver at\n\nShanghai\n\n+\n\nThe\n\nA purchase\n\nday of the sale.\n\nThe Canton price\n\nand be pentads preferable, but Shanghai\n\nimportant silver market.\n\nAs regards the Rupee investment\n\nin which we should latterly fagement\n\nThe\n\nCuste\n\nwe\n\nHere is\n\nwest\n\nwist off (1)\n\non notes at thoug\n\nsilver rece\n\nof uster\n\nguarantee\n\nwe should\n\npayment\n\nwheit I think\n\n2:0. to give there in\n\na debased Exper\n\n(2) astes &\n\nus Eufees\n\n(3) continued artificiality\n\nexchange regulation - pestitition of\n\nexport of rupees. ch.\n\nI think I should give\n\n44 4\n\nguarantee",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917.txt",
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        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 475256,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 253,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "silver basis and has at present no Government note issue. Why should not the Government of Hong Kong issue dollar notes on behalf of the Government of India? They could be issued against dollars, taels or silver bullion, and half of the total receipts could be held in dollars at Hong Kong for encashment of notes, and the other half could be sent to India. I think in this way a very large amount of silver could be diverted from South China to India on the most favourable terms. We have at present under our hands 15 million British Dollars which could be exchanged, I think, for the notes I propose; indeed, if the scheme were approved, I see no reason why half the whole amount should not be sent to India at once.\n\nYou could, if you liked, send your own officer to Hong Kong to control the issue. If hereafter the Government of India wished to hand over the issue entirely to the Hong Kong Government, this could probably be arranged by your giving us rupee securities equal to the amount of silver you had had for nothing.\n\nAlternatively, Peckett suggests that the issue could be made entirely by the Hong Kong Government and half the silver proceeds sent to India in exchange for rupee securities. I am not sure that this is not an improvement.\n\n249",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 475264,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 261,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "257\n\nof Government notes, If we gave a guarantee that this would eventually be done I do not see why the Bank could not consent to the 5 millions going to India at once. We should then send them, and you would eventually give us rupee securities equivalent to the number of rupees into which the silver was coined. You will notice that the first 5 million dollars of our issue would be deposited with the Government as part of the Bank's security and would not be issued to the public. There would be no special reason to anticipate a shrinkage in the Bank's note issues until we issue our next 5 millions to the public. I think we must hold the whole of the silver received for the se next 5 millions to form a backing both for the notes issued to the public and for those issued to the Bank.\n\nof coin though the 10 millions still remaining in the reserve deposited with the Government would provide a large margin for shrinkage.\n\nThen our total issue passes 10 millions. I think we could safely begin the half and half arrangement - i.e. holding half and sending half to India, and our experience.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 475267,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 264,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "Downing Street,\n\n260\n\n29 September 1917.\n\nDear Lucas,\n\nThanks for your letter of the 24th. Will you please let Abrahams know that Fiddes does not agree to my proposal that we should let the Government of India have silver against payment in India of as many rupees as it would coin into (or rupee securities equal in value). In these circumstances I am sorry to say that I do not see my way to proceeding further, as it does not seem likely that the Government of India would pay us in India for our silver on the basis of the London quotation for silver. Is silver being paid for in India and minted into rupees at a loss? If that is so, you might be able to offer us a premium, but not otherwise I think.\n\nYours sincerely,\n\nE. Collins\n\nF.A. Lucas, Esq., C.B.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 475268,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 265,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "DRAFT.\n\nDear Lucas,\n\nF.H.Lucas Esq. C.B.\n\n18 Sept. 1917.\n\n261\n\nMINUTE.\n\nCollins 26\n\nMr. Grindle.\n\nMr. Lambert.\n\nMr. Read\n\nSir G. Fiddes.\n\nMr. Steel-Maitland.\n\nMr. Long.\n\nThanks for your letter of the 24th. Will you please let Abrahams know that Fiddes does not agree to my proposal that we should let the Govt. of India have silver against payment in India of as many rupees as it would coin into (or rupee securities equal in value). In these circumstances I am sorry to say that I do not see my way to proceeding further, as it does not seem likely that the Govt. of India would pay us in India for our silver on the basis of the London quotation for silver. Is silver being paid for in India and minted into rupees at a loss? If that is so, you might be able to offer us a premium, but not otherwise I think.\n\nYours sincerely\n\nA.E.C.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 475269,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 266,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "F. 9970.\n\nINDIA OFFICE,\n\nLONDON, S.W.1.\n\n2nd October 1917.\n\n262\n\nMy dear Collins,\n\nI have shown your letter of the 28th September to Abrahams and we should be sorry if the idea were given up. We quite see the point of Sir George Fiddes' objection to the original suggestions as to terms. We might now discuss with you an offer subject to the limiting considerations which Sir G. Fiddes has in mind. I hope that we should be able without difficulty to come to terms on the basis of payment for the silver in rupee paper at a price for the silver based on the real market price. The real market price, of course, is not the quotation in London, where we have ceased to buy, but the lower price at San Francisco and in the East, which are now to us the real markets for purchases. We shall be prepared in due course to demonstrate the reasonableness of this from every point of view. Similarly, the price at which rupee paper (or other rupee securities) would be valued for the purposes of the transactions would be the real market price.\n\nBoth these matters would be subjects for negotiation. You let us know how the above strikes Sir G. Fiddes?\n\nYours sincerely,\n\nWill\n\nA.E. Collins Esq., C.M.G.,\n\nColonial Office.\n\nFrank.\n\nLucas",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 475270,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 267,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "263 \n\nDowning Street, \n\n10 October,1917. \n\nDear Lucas, \n\nI have shewn your letter of the 2nd instant as to the Hong Kong scheme to Sir G.Fiddes, with some suggestions as to prices for selling silver and buying rupee securities. He says, however, that he is not enamoured of the scheme in any circumstances and certainly not at present when the price of silver is jumping about in a spasmodic way, and that it had better be dropped. Will you please let Abrahams know? \n\nYours sincerely, \n\nsd E.Collin \n\nF.H. Lucas, Esq.,C.B.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 475271,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 268,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "Quarto for my sig.\n\nDRAFT.\n\nF.H.Lucas Esq. C.B.\n\nA.E.C.\n\nG. D.\n\nR. *\n\n264\n\nquarto\n\n(0 Oct. 17.\n\nMINUTE.\n\nDear Lucas,\n\nMr. Collins 4.10\n\nMr.\n\nMr.\n\nMr. Grindle.\n\nMr. Lambert,\n\nMr. Read.\n\nSir G. Fiddes.\n\nHaving\n\nMr. Steel Maitland.\n\nMr. Long,\n\nConsols.\n\nnot know what were the\n\nents mentioned by Mr.\n\nI have shewn your letter of the\n\n2nd inst. as to the Hong Kong scheme to\n\nSir G. Fiddes, with some suggestions as to\n\nprices for selling silver and buying rupee securities.\n\nHe says, however, that he is not\n\nenamoured of the scheme in any circumstances\n\nand certainly not at present when the\n\nprice of silver is jumping about in a spasmodic way, and that it had better be dropped.\n\nWill you please let Abraham know?\n\nS as not being\n\n...C.\n\n9.10.17\n\nyours sincerely\n\nsd A.E.Collin",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 475275,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 272,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "WHITEHALL, S.W.1.\n\n268\n\n30th May 1918.\n\nLord Readings\n\nV.S.A.\n\nMy dear Collins,\n\nAttached is the official reply to Grindle's official letter of the 27th. You will notice that in the last sentence we say that we shall be grateful if the Colonial Office can inform us of any other sources of supply of silver in the East. What we have especially in mind is the possibility of the liberation of a portion of the silver held by the Colonial Authorities at Hongkong reserve against the excess issue of notes by the Hongkong Shanghai Bank. A scheme for a note issue by the Colonial Government which would incidentally have enabled a portion of that reserve to be liberated and handed over to the Government of India against rupee securities was suggested by you last autumn, and welcomed by Abraham and Lucas, but Sir George Fiddes did not approve of it for the reasons, \n\nI believe, that (1) he did not share their views as to the value to be assigned to the silver and (2) the price of silver was so unsteady that he thought it unsatisfactory to base so large a transaction on any given price. The situation in regard to the price of silver has now altered\n\nI.E. Collins, Esq., C.M.G.,\n\nColonial Office.\n\nBO\n\nPage 268 appears to be delineated by metadata, the content is kept as is.",
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    },
    {
        "id": 475276,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "page_number": 273,
        "title": "CO129-446 - Others & Individuals - 1917",
        "content_text": "269\n\nat\n\nBo greatly that Sir George may now, we hope, be disposed to withdraw his objections. As you know, the United States Government have agreed to sell us, at the fixed price of a dollar per fine ounce, a very large quantity of silver; at present we have a practical promise of 200,000,000 ounces. One condition is that while we are buying from them we must not pay a higher price anywhere else. The same condition applies to purchases by the Treasury or other Departments of the British Government, and by the United States Act the United States Treasury is required to replace the silver sold to us at a price not exceeding the same figure. Accordingly, for a very considerable time to come this price is likely to remain, as to all intents and purposes, the fixed world price for all silver purchased by the British, Indian, and American Governments. How long a period the assistance to be given by the United States Government will tide over the Government of India we cannot say, perhaps a year or a year and a half, perhaps more, but we are very anxious now to make our position secure when that assistance comes to an end, and we are buying as much as we can in addition to what we are getting from the United States Treasury. We should be very glad indeed, therefore, if the Colonial Office would consider some scheme which would have the effect of liberating for us part of the reserve of silver now held against the notes Hongkong Shanghai rules, and if in addition it meant the liberation of further silver from South China either immediately or in the proximate future it would be doubly welcome. Do you think the matter could be reconsidered? I have little doubt that a scheme could be devised to the mutual advantage of the Hong Kong Government and the Government of India.\n\nA point deserving of consideration is that the tremendous currency difficulties which the Government of India have had to face now for some time are the outcome of India's meeting enormous expenditure on behalf of the Imperial Government during the war, the expenditure being in rupee currency but the repayments in sterling. It is a matter of Imperial importance that everything possible should be done to deliver India finally from her present plight. The Treasury have fought nobly for us in the United States. Could the Colonial Office do something for us at Hongkong? If the war continues much longer it can safely be predicted that inconvertibility will again be imminent in the comparatively near future without the possibility of the intervention of a deus ex machina.",
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    },
    {
        "id": 481533,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "page_number": 265,
        "title": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "content_text": "2\n\nwhich has already been faced, and so unworthy of consideration in relation to the national stigma involved, that the continuance of this trade is unthinkable.\n\nI would at the same time invite attention to the desirability of immediate action in suppressing the trans-frontier trade from the Shan States of Burma into Yünnan.\n\nThe undertaking of the Government of Burma to institute effective measures of control, referred to in the enclosed despatch from Tengyueh, dated the 17th July, is worthy of consideration without delay. Highly-coloured accounts of the Burma-Yunnan opium traffic are appearing in the China press, and go far to neutralise in the minds of the public the genuine efforts which we have made to abolish a trade which is now generally recognised as a weapon for the debauching of the manhood of this country.\n\nThe adherence of all parts of the British Empire to The Hague Convention of 1912 would appear to be the most practical measure for the final extinction of all British interest in a trade which will loom largely on the political and social horizon of China in the immediate future.\n\nShould there be a large revival of opium cultivation in China, and a relapse into the conditions which obtained before the opium problem was taken up in 1906, it is important that we should have no share in the responsibility for such a calamity. At present the Chinese are inclined to argue that so long as Hong Kong, Singapore, Macao, and Tsing-tao derive large revenues from the sale of opium to their people, they can hardly be blamed for doing the same. At my recent interview with the President, when I offered to have the surplus stock at Shanghai reshipped to India, and to give the Chinese Government 3,000 rupees a chest for it, his Excellency pointedly asked me what the Government of India would do with it. He knew, of course, perfectly well that there was still a considerable export from India to places other than China for the consumption of Chinese residents, and I interpreted the question as an indication that he personally thought it better to have the stuff destroyed than conveyed elsewhere for the use of his countrymen residing out of China.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nJ N. JORDAN.\n\n3\n\nprevailing for months past in the province of Sanch'uan, there has been an enormous increase of poppy cultivation in that province, and the opium obtained from last winter's crops has now begun to come on to the market, and consequently to lower by competition the sale-price of the Yunnan and Burma products.\n\nFrequent seizures of smuggled opium are made by the Tengyueh customs, but the customs officials would, I am sure, be the first to admit that the amount seized by them represents but a very small fraction of the drug smuggled through this district.\n\n3. Consumption.\n\nAs has been previously explained, it is practically impossible to obtain any statistics of opium consumption, but it cannot, I think, be seriously contended that the vice is less prevalent now than it was two or three years ago. If this is not the case, it is difficult, now that Ssuch'uan appears to be once again self-supporting and that there has been, according to the press, considerable recrudescence of cultivation in Kueichow, to explain the sustained demand for the drug in this province, though the enhanced price may possibly have reduced consumption amongst the very poor.\n\nAt the conclusion of the Tengyueh Opium Report for the December quarter, 1917, I noted the official request of the Tengyueh Taoyin that I should procure the issue of instructions to the frontier officers of Burma \"strictly to prevent the cultivation of opium and conveyance into China.\"\n\nFrom enquiries which I instituted I gathered the impression that the Taoyin was unlikely to press for an answer to his despatch, and I wrote accordingly to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Burma.\n\nHis Government, however, preferred to return a reply, and I therefore passed on the answer, couched in the following terms :-\n\n\"This Government is fully aware of the importance of the matter, and has under consideration a scheme, which will be put into force at the earliest possible moment, for the control of poppy cultivation in the frontier regions of Burma and the prevention of the export of opium from those regions into China.\"\n\nA. E. EASTES,\n\n253\n\nEnclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nTengyueh Opium Report for the Quarter ended June 30, 1918\n\n1. Cultivation.\n\nThe energy displayed last winter, whilst apprehensions were entertained of the possibility of the repetition of a joint opium inspection tour, has long since cooled off, and reports have reached me from several sources that practically nothing has been done during the past quarter to check the cultivation and harvesting of opium throughout this district.\n\nBeyond a couple of small expeditions of provincial troops, sent out from Tengyueh and from Paoshan, into the Chinese Shan States of Thanta and Kongma, I have heard of no special efforts in connection with this matter. The Chinese civil authorities have, of course, the excuse that almost all available military forces have been drafted away to swell the ranks of fighters against Ssuch'uan, but opium cultivation is so ingrained amongst the natives of Yunnan, both Chinese and hill-tribesmen, that any relaxation of vigorous suppression measures is inevitably attended by a fresh outbreak of cultivation.\n\n2. Importation.\n\nTraffic in opium imported from Burma shows no signs of decreasing, and the reports of officers in the northern and southern Shan States are constantly chronicling the large and heavily-armed caravans which come across the frontier at various points and return with big consignments of the nominally contraband drug.\n\nIn my last report I quoted the sum of 91. 6s. 8d. for 40 Chinese ounces as a price without precedent. Yet so keen has been the competition to obtain supplies from the Shan States that during the past quarter the price commanded in Lashio has risen to nearly double that figure (250 rupees for the same quantity). Latterly, however, the price has begun to fall, and the reason given to me for this is that, owing to the chaos...\n\nEnclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nTengyueh Opium Report for the Quarter ended September 30, 1918.\n\n1. Cultivation.\n\nThe province of Yunnan has not been slow to follow the lead of the majority of the opium-growing provinces of China by throwing off all restraint in the matter of poppy cultivation and adopting instead a policy of open encouragement of planting, as a means of replenishing the exhausted provincial exchequer. All precautions of secrecy have been abandoned in this district, and merchants have for weeks past been busily engaged in pooling their capital for the renting of large areas in suitable localities, and for the hiring of large bands of coolies, at the unprecedented wage of a rupee per diem, to convert these areas as rapidly as possible into flourishing poppy plantations.\n\nThe most popular localities in the Têng-Ch'ung district are said to be the Chinese Shan States of Chanhsi, Chanta—especially in the neighbourhood of Simapa—and Lungchuan; of the other districts in the Tongyueh circuit displaying the same feverish activity, Shunning, and Likiang have been specially brought to my notice. Considerable sums have been advanced to would-be cultivators by the Tengyueh representative of the Yunnan Government (Fu-Tien) Bank, and the new policy is, undoubtedly, fostered by officialdom in every possible way.\n\nThe Yunnan authorities are said to have hit on the following ingenious excuse for their flagrant backsliding in this matter. They adduce the reply of the Government of Burma, quoted in the final paragraph of the Tengyueh Opium Report for the June quarter 1918, as indicating that the Government of India have not completely carried out their obligations under the Opium Agreement of 1911, \"to continue the annual diminution of the export of opium from India until the completion of the full period in 1917.\"",
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    },
    {
        "id": 481539,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "page_number": 271,
        "title": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "content_text": "2\n\nwhich has already been faced, and so unworthy of consideration in relation to the national stigma involved, that the continuance of this trade is unthinkable.\n\nI would at the same time invite attention to the desirability of immediate action in suppressing the trans-frontier trade from the Shan States of Burma into Yünnan.\n\nThe undertaking of the Government of Burma to institute effective measures of control, referred to in the enclosed despatch from Tengyueh, dated the 17th July, is worthy of consideration without delay. Highly-coloured accounts of the Burma-Yünnan opium traffic are appearing in the China press, and go far to neutralise in the minds of the public the genuine efforts which we have made to abolish a trade which is now generally recognised as a weapon for the debauching of the manhood of this country.\n\nThe adherence of all parts of the British Empire to The Hague Convention of 1912 would appear to be the most practical measure for the final extinction of all British interest in a trade which will loom largely on the political and social horizon of China in the immediate future.\n\nShould there be a large revival of opium cultivation in China, and a relapse into the conditions which obtained before the opium problem was taken up in 1906, it is important that we should have no share in the responsibility for such a calamity. At present the Chinese are inclined to argue that so long as Hong Kong, Singapore, Macao, and Tsing-tao derive large revenues from the sale of opium to their people, they can hardly be blamed for doing the same. At my recent interview with the President, when I offered to have the surplus stock at Shanghai reshipped to India, and to give the Chinese Government 3,000 rupees a chest for it, his Excellency pointedly asked me what the Government of India would do with it. He knew, of course, perfectly well that there was still a considerable export from India to places other than China for the consumption of Chinese residents, and I interpreted the question as an indication that he personally thought it better to have the stuff destroyed than conveyed elsewhere for the use of his countrymen residing out of China.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nJ N. JORDAN,\n\n3\n\nprevailing for months past in the province of Ssuch'uan, there has been an enormous increase of poppy cultivation in that province, and the opium obtained from last winter's crops has now begun to come on to the market, and consequently to lower by competition the sale-price of the Yünnan and Burma products.\n\nFrequent seizures of smuggled opium are made by the Tengyueh customs, but the customs officials would, I am sure, be the first to admit that the amount seized by them represents but a very small fraction of the drug smuggled through this district.\n\n3. Consumption.\n\nAs has been previously explained, it is practically impossible to obtain any statistics of opium consumption, but it cannot, I think, be seriously contended that the vice is less prevalent now than it was two or three years ago. If this is not the case, it is difficult, now that Ssuch'uan appears to be once again self-supporting and that there has been, according to the press, considerable recrudescence of cultivation in Kueichow, to explain the sustained demand for the drug in this province, though the enhanced price may possibly have reduced consumption amongst the very poor.\n\nAt the conclusion of the Tengyueh Opium Report for the December quarter, 1917, I noted the official request of the Tengyueh Taoyin that I should procure the issue of instructions to the frontier officers of Burma \"strictly to prevent the cultivation of opium and conveyance into China.”\n\nFrom enquiries which I instituted I gathered the impression that the Taoyin was unlikely to press for an answer to his despatch, and I wrote accordingly to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Burma.\n\nHis Government, however, preferred to return a reply, and I therefore passed on The answer, couched in the following terms -\n\n\"This Government is fully aware of the importance of the matter, and has under consideration a scheme, which will be put into force at the earliest possible moment, for the control of poppy cultivation in the frontier regions of Burma and the prevention of the export of opium from those regions into China.\"\n\nA. E. EASTES.\n\nEnclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nTengyueh Opium Report for the Quarter ended June 30, 1918\n\n1. Cultivation.\n\nThe energy displayed last winter, whilst apprehensions were entertained of the possibility of the repetition of a joint opium inspection tour, has long since cooled off, and reports have reached me from several sources that practically nothing has been done during the past quarter to check the cultivation and harvesting of opium throughout this district.\n\nBeyond a couple of small expeditions of provincial troops, sent out from Tengyueh and from Paoshan, into the Chinese Shan States of Banta and Kengma, I have heard of no special efforts in connection with this matter. The Chinese civil authorities have, of course, the excuse that almost all available military forces have been drafted away to swell the ranks of fighters against Ssuch'uan, but opium cultivation is so ingrained amongst the natives of Yunnan, both Chinese and hill tribesmen, that any vigorous suppression measures are inevitably attended by a fresh outbreak of cultivation.\n\n2. Importation.\n\nTraffic in opium imported from Burma shows no signs of decreasing, and the reports of officers in the northern and southern Shan States are constantly chronicling the large and heavily armed caravans which come across the frontier at various points and return with big consignments of the nominally contraband drug.\n\nIn my last report I quoted the sum of 91. 68. 8d. for 40 Chinese ounces as a price without precedent. Yet so keen has been the competition to obtain supplies from the Shan States that during the past quarter the price commanded in Lashio has risen to nearly double that figure (250 rupees for the same quantity). Latterly, however, the price has begun to fall, and the reason given to me for this is that, owing to the chaos...\n\nEnclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nTengyueh Opium Report for the Quarter ended September 30, 1918.\n\n1. Cultivation.\n\nThe province of Yunnan has not been slow to follow the lead of the majority of the opium-growing provinces of China by throwing off all restraint in the matter of poppy cultivation and adopting instead a policy of open encouragement of planting, as a means of replenishing the exhausted provincial exchequer. All precautions of secrecy have been abandoned in this district, and merchants have for weeks past been busily engaged in pooling their capital for the creating of large areas in suitable localities, and for the hiring of large bands of coolies, at the unprecedented wage of a rupee per diem, to convert these areas as rapidly as possible into flourishing poppy plantations.\n\nThe most popular localities in the Têng-Ch'ung district are said to be the Chinese Shan States of Chanhai, Chanta-especially in the neighbourhood of Simapa- and Lungch'uan; of the other districts in the Tengyueh circuit displaying the same feverish activity, Shunning, and Likiang have been specially brought to my notice. Considerable sums have been advanced to would-be cultivators by the Tengyueh representative of the Yunnan Government (Fu-Tien) Bank, and the new policy is, undoubtedly, fostered by officialdom in every possible way.\n\nThe Yunnan authorities are said to have hit on the following ingenious excuse for their flagrant backsliding in this matter. They adduce the reply of the Government of Burma, quoted in the final paragraph of the Tengyueh Opium Report for the June quarter 1918, as indicating that the Government of India have not completely carried out their obligations under the Opium Agreement of 1911, \"to continue the annual diminution of the export of opium from India until the completion of the full period in 1917.\"\n\n201",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 487108,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 82,
        "title": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "## 81\n\n## 10\n\nColton-Liverpool Cotton in January was quoted at 20d. per lb, for spot and during the end of the month it receded a few points and steadily declined until about the end of March it was quoted at 15·86d. for ready and 13·61d. for forward. It then rose steadily with very few set-backs, until the end of July when it was quoted at 21·44d. for spot, 21·71d. and 21·97d. for September/October respectively. It again declined and during September it touched as low as 17·60d. for spot. After reaching this point it again firmed up and steady advanced to 27·50d. at which it was quoted at the end of the year 2017.\n\nThe year opened with Exchange at 3/4. It declined slowly until by the beginning of March it reached 3/0. It then reacted and has steadily risen with a few fluctuations until T/Ts. on London were quoted at 4/10d. at the close of the year.\n\nTrading has been rendered somewhat difficult by the various alterations in the value of the Rupee which in January was equivalent to 1/6 and rose at the end of the year to 2/5.\n\n## Rope Making\nThe demand for Manilla Cordage was fairly good but the total turnover showed a falling off from that of the previous twelve months. The high rates of exchange and freight which ruled throughout the year affected considerably our exports to gold standard countries.\n\n## Cement Manufacture\nThe demand continued good during the year and tonnage was more plentiful. The high exchange again interfered to a very large extent with exports to gold standard countries. On the whole the turnover compared favourably with the last three years.\n\n### (ii)—Under Chinese Management\n\n## Tin\nThis trade showed a decrease as compared with that in 1918. Imports from Yunnan during the year amounted to about 6,800 tons and from Kwangsi to about 200 tons as against 12,500 tons and 200 tons respectively in 1918. From Java 320 tons were imported and from the Straits 2,000 tons.\n\nDuring the year about 250 tons were exported to Japan, 4,200 tons to Shanghai and other China Coast Ports, and 900 tons to Europe, Canada, and the United States of America.\n\n## Rattan and Fibre Furniture\nDuring 1919 the value of rattan and fibre furniture exported from this port increased from $10,000 to $380,000. The value of Rattan Canes exported was about $200,000 and that of Rattan Core and Seagrass was $400,000 and $80,000 respectively.\n\n## Native Tobacco\nThis trade was a little better than that in 1918.\n\n## Tinned Goods\nThe volume of business done during the year showed a slight increase over that done in 1918.\n\n## Samshu\nThe volume of business was about the same as that in 1918.\n\n## Knitted Vests and Socks\nThe volume of business increased by 10% and prices went up about 5%.\n\n## 11\n\n## Leather and Hides\nThe trade in these articles showed a slight increase.\n\n## Ginger and Preserves\nThere was a falling off of about 40% in this trade.\n\n## Soy\nDuring 1919 this trade showed a marked improvement, the total exports having increased to 4,400 casks from 400 casks. This was due to the improvement of shipping conditions.\n\n## Paper\nOwing to large imports from America, prices in 1919 went down about 10%. Imports from Japan declined about 20% and the total imports into this port by about 60%.\n\n## Vermilion\nThis trade was about the same as that in 1918.\n\n## Lard\nThis trade showed a great increase in 1919 as the result of great demand from Europe and South America.\n\n### (c) FISHERIES\n\nA considerable proportion of the boat population of Hongkong supports itself by deep-sea fishing, in which pursuit a large number of junks are engaged. The villages of Aberdeen, Stanley, Shau Ki Wan, and also many of the New Territories, are largely dependent upon this industry for their prosperity. Fresh water fish is imported from Canton and the West River. There are oyster beds of considerable value in Deep Bay.\n\n### (d) FORESTRY, AGRICULTURE, AND BOTANY\n\nAbout 16,000 pine tree seedlings were planted on the hills in the vicinity of the Fanling Golf Course and 6,450 on Cheung Chau Island.\n\nOn the hills east of the Fanling Golf Course, pine trees were sown in situ to produce 50,000 trees.\n\nAt Aberdeen, 5,960 pine tree seed sites were re-sown.\n\nOn the Fanling hills, 100 lbs. of pine tree seeds were sown broadcast, 50 lbs. on the upper part of the hills between Beacon Hill and Lion Rock on the south side, and 40 lbs. on the north side. Six and half pounds were sown on the new grassy banks of the Chinwan coastal road.\n\nAbout 9,000 pine tree seedlings were raised in nurseries for planting in 1920.\n\n| Location        | Number of Trees |\n| --------------- | --------------- |\n| Fanling         | 2,455           |\n| Cheung Chau     | 3,493           |\n| Pokfulam        | 718             |\n| Chinwan         | 800             |\n| Mount Gough     | 60              |\n| Kowloon Tong    | 48              |\n\nTwo hundred and twenty (220) Ficus creepers were also planted in Kowloon Tong Cemetery, 64 near Shunpo New Recreation Ground, and 135 on Findlay Road.\n\nIn Hongkong and Kowloon, 632 flowering trees and shrubs were planted in the vicinity of roads.\n\nTrees which had failed along the Tai Po-Castle Peak Road were replaced by others.\n\n## 9.1",
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    {
        "id": 487123,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 97,
        "title": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "## One hundred and thirty-six thousand and twenty (136,020) returning emigrants were reported to have been brought to Hong-kong from the several places to which they had emigrated either from this Colony or from Coast Ports, as against 74,109 in 1918. Of these, 92,385 arrived in British ships, and 43,635 in Foreign ships.\n\n## Gentlemen of Number of Emigrants to Straits Settlements, 1916 to 1919, compared with Total Chinese Emigration\n\n| Year | No. of Emigrants to Straits Settlements | Total No. of Emigrants |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1910 |  | 76,705 |\n| 1911 |  | 111,058 |\n| 1912 |  | 100,906 |\n| 1913 |  | 135,505 |\n| 1914 | 84,024 | 122,657 |\n| 1915 | 44,974 | 76,296 |\n| 1916 | 41,278 | 68,275 |\n| 1917 | 82,797 | 117,653 |\n| 1918 | 63,292 | 96,298 |\n| 1919 | 8,019 | 49,830 |\n\n## (6.)—Industries\n\n### (1.)-Under European Management\n\n#### Engineering and Shipbuilding\n\nThe figures are as follows for the year 1918 and 1919:\n| Company | 1918 | 1919 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Taikoo Dockyard and Eng. Co., Ld | 5,489 vessels of 3,455 gross tons and 1,700 I.H.P. | 776 vessels of 22,311 gross tons and 14,450 I.H.P. |\n| Hongkong and Whampoa Dock Co., Ld | 5,810 vessels | 8 vessels |\n| W. Bailey & Co. | 150 vessels | 17,415 gross tons |\n| Kwong Tuck Cheong, Lau Sup Kee | 200 vessels, 1,723 gross tons, 1,030 I.H.P. | 700 gross tons, 948 I.H.P. |\n| Total | 17 vessels of 11,448 gross tons and 9,090 I.H.P. | 25 vessels of 41,374 gross tons and 30,975 I.H.P. |\n\n#### Sugar Refineries\n\n1919 was a good year. Demand from China was consistent, at steadily advancing prices, with the exception of a period of one to two months during the summer, when heavy speculation destroyed all confidence in the market. During the latter part of the year, the incidence of the Japanese boycott threw an unusually heavy demand on all other sources of supply, thus adding a stimulus to an already brisk demand for Hongkong Refineds. As a matter of interest, prices of raw sugar in Java rose from f. 13 in January to f. 42 at the end of December.\n\nIndia and the Persian Gulf, in common with markets the world over, have felt the pinch of a general shortage of supply, and there were demands from all sources for Refineds, much in excess of Hongkong's capacity for export.\n\n#### Yarn\n\nThe quantity of Yarn imported into the Colony during 1919 was greater than during any of the war years, and the market on the whole kept very steady.\n\nYarn prices dropped slightly at the commencement of the year and reached their lowest in April/May, when 10s. Yarn was sold at $190 per bale. The price then advanced and at the end of the year, business was done at over $200. Yarn of higher counts, say 20s., rose from $260 to $365.\n\nThe total quantity of Indian Yarn imported during the year amounted to 142,000 bales, and 22,000 bales were brought forward from the previous year.\n\nClearances were very good and totalled 147,000 bales, leaving a carry over of 17,000 bales.\n\nSpeaking generally, the year has been a profitable one for both merchants and dealers.\n\n#### Cotton\n\nLiverpool Cotton in January was quoted at 20.04d. per lb, for spot and during the end of the month, it receded a few points and steadily declined until about the end of March, it was quoted at 15.86d. for ready and 13.61d. for forward. It then rose steadily, with very few set-backs, until the end of July when it was quoted at 21.44d. for spot, 21.71d. and 21.79d. for September/October respectively. It again declined and during September, it touched as low as 17.60d. for spot. After reaching this point, it again firmed up and steadily advanced to 27.50d. at which it was quoted at the end of the year.\n\nThe year opened with Exchange at 3/4. It declined slowly until by the beginning of March, it reached 3.01. It then reacted and has steadily risen with a few fluctuations until at the close of the year T/Ts. on London were quoted at 4/10.\n\nTrading has been rendered somewhat difficult by the various alterations in the value of the Rupee, which in January was equivalent to 1/6 and rose at the end of the year to 2/5d.\n\n#### Rope Making\n\nThe demand for Manila Cordage was fairly good, but the total turnover showed a falling off from that of the previous twelve months. The high rates of exchange and freight, which ruled throughout the year, affected considerably our exports to gold standard countries.\n\n#### Cement Manufacture\n\nThe demand continued good during the year and tonnage was more plentiful. The high exchange again interfered to a very large extent with exports to gold standard countries. On the whole, the turnover compared favourably with the last three years.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 491390,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921",
        "page_number": 384,
        "title": "CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921",
        "content_text": "MINUTES.\n\nMINUTES NOT TO BE WRITTEN ON THIS SIDE.\n\nC\n\ni 25981\n\nThe Under Secretary of State\n\n14 Old Square, Lincoln's Inn,\n\n25 May, 1921,\n\nSir,\n\nColonial Office.\n\n379\n\nWe are to reply that his bare talkin... we sut to them Sov. for his wife, hit the for Exting not officially requested to famit his Storms werfy of the freams litter with however be sent to for for wie Stroms\n\n1/6/2\n\nAt once Ase 2.6\n\nIn the Autumn of last year I addressed a Memorandum to the Government of Hong Kong on the subject of the increases of pension which had been granted to the retired civil servants of the Colony, pointing out how completely the situation in England resulting from the high cost of living, had been misunderstood, and the injustice of making the generosity of one Colony in this matter dependent on the generosity of another. I pointed out that the rule curtailing the benefits of the grant to those whose pensions from all sources were £1000 and over was unjust in principle, and involved hardship in the method of applying it.\n\nYou were good enough to forward the Memorandum to Hong Kong. The most elementary courtesy demanded an answer; but, though 6 months has elapsed, I have received none.\n\nI now beg to point out the peculiar hardship in my own case owing to part of my pension being paid in the fluctuating currency of Mauritius.\n\nSince January this year the rupee has been steadily falling, and at the rates current during these last months my pension from all sources has fallen to less than £75 per month. The annual amount I receive is about £900, and therefore I am entitled to the benefit of the Hong Kong scheme of relief. But as there is a remote possibility that at some time during the year the value of the rupee may rise, the benefit to which I am entitled is apparently to be postponed to the end of the year. The object with which the grant was made is thus completely frustrated, and I am deprived of roughly £10 a month.\n\nIn my Memorandum I pointed out that the only fair way in which the scheme could be worked where part of the pension was paid by a silver colony, was by treating the allowance as a monthly grant, which would vary according to the exchange. But no notice has been taken of the suggestion.\n\nThe arrears now due to me are approximately £50, and I suggest that, if the monthly method is not adopted, that the only equitable way of dealing with the matter is to make a proportionate allowance every month, a final adjustment being made at the end of the year. You will of course remember that a course somewhat similar to this was at first adopted in the case of the relief granted by Mauritius. This, I submit, is the only way in which the intention of the grant, to enable the pensioner to meet the increased cost of living, can be carried out; and that it is contrary to the spirit of the relief to postpone payment till a lump sum has accrued at the end of the year.\n\nI have the honour to be, Sir,\n\nYour obedient servant,\n\nHiggoth",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 491400,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921",
        "page_number": 394,
        "title": "CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921",
        "content_text": "MINUTES.\n\nMINUTES NOT TO BE WRITTEN ON THIS SIDE.\n\nsimply\n\neach say\n\nhe will now have\n\nreach letter of 2 July\n\nshowing the cipher Shri ki\n\nSurs\n\nin befand to take\n\n13/7/4 aloud\n\nTELEGRAMS.EWHYRST.\n\nSTATION DOMSRAEL. D.E,AT,\n\n14 Old Square,\n\n1 July, 1921\n\n33055\n\nIn's Inn\n\nLITTLE WOOLPITE,\n\nThe Under Secretary of State,\n\nSir,\n\nREF: PEG 4. JU\n\nSkyrm\n\n389\n\nIn continuation of my letter I beg to put before you for the consideration of the Secretary of State the following suggestion with regard to the payment of increased pension to which I am entitled under the Hong Kong scheme, which will enable me to receive what I am entitled without waiting a year for it, and at the same time safeguard the Hong Kong pension account with the Crown Agents.\n\nI beg to insist that the first is as important a consideration as the second.\n\nI suggest then\n\nthat an amount be determined for the months January to June which is less than the actual amount accrued due, and paid now;\n\nthe surplus to be a reserve to protect the Hong Kong account from loss; In the case of slight fluctuations in the value of the Mauritius rupee, which the amount due to me from Hong Kong has been made to depend, this fund to be debited or credited as the case may require;\n\nif, from some sudden fluctuation this fund should become exhausted, the amount to be adjusted from the next monthly payment due; the whole to be finally adjusted at the end of the year.\n\nYou will observe that this reduces the question to one of account merely; that it follows on the lines of the precedent already set in the case of Mauritius; and that it is a matter which it is competent for the Secretary of State to decide, on the advice of the Crown Agents, without reference to Hong Kong, which will merely prolong the delay for another 3 or 4 months.\n\nI am, Sir,\n\nYours obediently,\n\nHe Piss My",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921.txt",
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    {
        "id": 492129,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 59,
        "title": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "36\n\nMarch 95th, 1929.)\n\nHONGKONG TRADE,\n\nEFFECT OF STRIKE SETTLEMENT.\n\nThe fortnightly price current market report, published by the Hong-kong General Chamber of Commerce, states:\n\nCotton Piece Goods and Fancy Cotton Goods.-The termination of strikes brought about a welcome resumption of routine business and clearances have been on a liberal scale. Local rates for Greys and Whites are hopelessly below Manchester parities but some sales of Fancies are reported on satisfactory terms. Manchester reports a considerable enquiry for India and that prices are advancing.\n\nCHINA OVERLAND TRADE REPORT\n\nSHANGHAI TRADE.\n\nMessrs. Ilbert & Co.'s, piece goods market report, says:-\n\nOnce again we have to report a disappointingly poor week's trading and, were it not for the fact that clearances continue to be moderately good, there would be little or no sign of vitality in the market.\n\nValues are a shade easier all round with no demand to support them. The only explanation that can be given of the present stagnation is the general state of uneasiness and lack of confidence prevailing throughout the interior, to which there can be no real termination as long as the military-politicians are free to work their wills against the good of the country.\n\nYarn. A quiet fortnight has elapsed as dealers are waiting for conditions and prices to become more stabilised. Latterly values ruled easier owing to a few forced sales. There is some hope that trade with Southern Ports may revive shortly now that agitation at Amoy and the general strike at Hongkong are over. Our most important outlets, however, such as Hankow and Szechwan, are doing practically no trade at all although the latter was reported as buying fair quantities of local cotton yarn up to a day or so ago.\n\nQuotations are:-No. 10s. $158 to $192. No. 12s. $173 to $200. No. 16s. $195 to $225. No. 20s. $200 to 225. Arrivals nil. Shipment's nil. Sales 1,000 bales. Unsold, 4,500 bales. Bargains 9,000 bales.\n\nWoollens. No fresh business of importance has been booked, the low exchange putting prices further out. Clearances are better but considerable stocks will have to be carried to next season.\n\nBIG HARBOUR FOR FENGTIEN.\n\n327\n\nEXCHANGE VALUE OF THE TICAL.\n\nEFFECT ON RICE AND TEAK INDUSTRIES.\n\nThe Report on the Commercial Situation in Siam at the close of the third quarter 1921, by Mr. J. Crosby, C.I.E., O.B.E., H.B.M. Acting Consul-General contains the following note on the Exchange outlook:-\n\nExporters have been inclined to regard with misgiving the continuance of the present high exchange value of the Tical, which is militating especially against the teak industry, and which was at one time thought to be endangering the rice trade also.\n\nAfter the removal of the embargo on the export of rice at the close of January, 1921, the anticipated revival was not immediately forthcoming, and it was felt that Siam rice was being handicapped by its high price in its competition with the product of adjacent countries.\n\nBut the diversion of the greater portion of the Burma crop for the needs of India subsequently effected a welcome change in the situation. A brisk demand sprang up for Siam rice and the exchange difficulty for the moment ceased to be a pressing one.\n\nSo long as this state of affairs lasts, that is to say, so long as the country can go on selling its surplus production of rice at remunerative Tical prices, there would seem to be no reason for lowering the value of the local unit of currency.\n\nIt is learnt from an authoritative source that the construction of a harbour in Fengtien Province, which has been under consideration for many years past, has been resolved upon and that work will be commenced before long.\n\nThe cost of the work is estimated at $10,000,000, to be defrayed by both the Fengtien Province and the Ministry of Communications. The work will be spread over the next seven years.\n\nContractors from Japan, Great Britain, the United States and Netherlands will be invited to make their tenders in April of the present year.\n\nFlour Market Report.-Stock: About 2,000,000 sacks. Quotations:-American Patent $3.80 per sack; American Straight $3.10 per sack; American Cut-off, $3.15 per sack; Shanghai Flour, $3.25 per sack; Australian No. 1 $3.20 per sack.\n\nThe plan for the harbour is on an extremely large scale, comprising more nearly to its statutory figure of 1s. 8d. In the meantime, business, with India in especial is suffering heavily owing to the low sterling value of the rupee.\n\nRaw Cottons. No fresh business has been recorded. Values are nominally unaltered as follow:-Indian descriptions at $23 to $29. Chinese descriptions at $28 to $35 per picul.\n\nMetals. Market remains quiet. Small business has been done in M.S. Bars at $5.25 to $5.40. There has also been some business in Nails. There has been a fair quantity of metals over-carried, it should not take long to get these parcels cleared, as soon as these goods are returned.\n\nSundries.-In anticipation of heavy arrivals, the market is inclined to be weakish although stock holders have not shown any eagerness to sell under the quotations.\n\nIt is rumoured that a large quantity of glass destined for Hongkong has been over-carried to Shanghai on account of the strike at this port.\n\nTHE LUCK OF THE GAMBLE.\n\nTeak exporters are badly hit by the ruling high exchange value of the Tical. The large lessees of teak forests are either rupee or sterling companies and (the rupee having fallen rapidly during 1920) they have all suffered from the raising of the Siamese currency unit to its present figure.\n\nTo take one instance alone: royalty and duty on logs are collected in local currency and, expressed in terms of sterling, have been increased automatically by more than 41 per cent. as a consequence of the rise in exchange.\n\nReceipt from local sales of logs offset this increase only to a very small extent.\n\nThe Compagnie de Commerce & de Navigation d'Extrême Orient, in their report dated Saigon, March 14th, state:-\n\nOur market continues very dull. Some business has been closed with Europe, but there are no transactions to report with the Far Eastern market.\n\nSAIGON RICE MARKET.\n\nThe end of the strike at Hongkong has resulted on this side in a sudden rise of the prices.\n\nSo far it has been stated that the supply of rice will be sufficient after discharging the numerous steamers lying in Hongkong harbour, and the position of the rice market here tends to become more and more normal.\n\nThe total amount of rice exported from January 1st up to February 28th is 168,002 tons against 151,438 in 1921.\n\nWe quote to-day-White Saigon rice. No. 2 sifted. Japan quality, Hongkong $8.40 per picul f.o.b. Saigon for March-April shipment.\n\nThe Chinese Merchants Bank, Ltd. whose head office is in Alexandra Buildings, Chater Road, opened a branch office in Shanghai on March 22nd.\n\nTREATMENT OF MALARIA,\n\nTHE USE OF CINCHONA F. TO BE INTRODUCED.\n\nAccording to a practical experiment carried out at Kuala Lumpur by Dr. Fletcher, he is satisfied that Java cinchona febrifuge is quite as good as Quinine and costs only a quarter the price of the latter.\n\nDr. Malcolm Watson's opinion is that, while cinchona febrifuge is quite as good as quinine for all ordinary fever cases and precautionary doses against fever, yet, in acute cases, where the patient is dangerously ill, quinine is preferred.\n\nThere is a story of a visitor who, studying the nameboards, remarked: \"Hill on The Hawk. Well, two days ago I shot a hawk on a hill, so here goes.\"\n\nDrawing $5 and less than a dollar's worth of small change for his investment of $5 he was not so very much impressed with novices' luck.\n\nBut a better one is told of Kiangwan last Saturday and a well-known marine engineer vouches for the veracity of it.\n\nA party of sailors, having scraped up $10 between them, could not decide which pony to follow.\n\nSuddenly one said \"Lumme. Nelson, of course! Nelson ain't never lost!\" On went the money and the drawing close upon $800.\n\nThe loyal bluejackets had the satisfaction of drawing close upon $800.\n\nNothing has come to hand about Baycroft except that a lady, who had two of the seven tickets taken on the $1,100 winner, immediately on noting the dividend rushed up to a broker friend and gasped: \"Oh, do tell me what is the latest exchange rate.\"\n\nDrs. Fletcher and Quaife's experience shows that even in acute cases one is as good as the other.\n\nWhen the present supply of quinine for free distribution is exhausted, the Government will order a supply of cinchona febrifuge from Bandoeng.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 494744,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-479 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 289,
        "title": "CO129-479 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "Mr Beckett,\n\nThe vacancy for Principal Civil Medical Officer, Hong Kong, (£1000-50-£1200) was brought before the Promotions Committee at their Meeting of the 19th of April, when they considered the following candidates:\n\nDr. G.B. Addison, Acting Chief Medical Officer, Seychelles\n\nDr. Corsellio, Chief Medical Officer, Cyprus\n\nDr. A.G. Deane, Government Medical Officer, Trinidad\n\nDr. P.B.T.P.Y. Harper, Medical Officer, Fiji\n\nDr. M.P. Jewell, Senior Medical Officer, Kenya\n\nDr. O.W. McKinney, Medical Officer, Hong Kong\n\nDr. A.B. Owen, Senior Medical Officer, Uganda\n\nMr. J.H. Reford, Deputy Principal Civil Medical Officer, Malaya\n\nDr. A. Lindsay, Deputy Principal Civil Medical Officer, Ceylon\n\nDr. C.A. Wiggins, Principal Medical Officer, Uganda\n\nThey decided to recommend Dr. Addison.\n\nParticulars of Dr. Addison's service are annexed.\n\nConf. Report 1917.\n\nConf. Report 1918.\n\nConf. Report 1919.\n\nConf. Report 1921.\n\nADDISON, DR. G.B. M.B.E. Born August, 1874; married; 4 children; M.R.C.S.(Eng); L.R.C.P.(London). After seven years in private practice was appointed Assistant Medical Officer, Seychelles, 1907; Medical Officer, 1908. Chief Medical Officer (Rs.6,000 : fees and private practice).\n\nReports:\n\nAdministrator Logan :- \"A capable man, and one who can be thoroughly relied upon\".\n\nGovernor O'Brien :- \"An excellent administrative officer and deserving of promotion\".\n\nGovernor Fiennes :- \"The work of this officer is consistently good. He is thoroughly conscientious, loyal and active in his duties. Has justly earned promotion by sound work over a long period of service in this Colony and would do well anywhere\".\n\nGovernor Fiennes :- \"The work of this officer is consistently good. He is a clever surgeon and conducts the administration of the Hospital as well as possible with the means at his disposal which are totally inadequate at £700-£800. He obtained promotion in Tanganyika Territory, but changed his mind when the pay for attendance at the Royal Naval Wireless Station was granted. If this is stopped he should certainly be recognised for promotion. He is loyal and conscientious\".\n\nSir E. Fiennes (in a private letter to Major Purse) :- \"A very clever surgeon and good general practitioner; his administrative work is first rate\".\n\nConf. Report 1922.\n\nAdministrator Petrides :- \"Dr. Addison is a thoroughly dependable officer whose work has been consistently good. He has earned the thorough approbation of Colonel O'Brien and Sir Eustace Fiennes. He refused a transfer to Tanganyika in 1920. Since then the closing of the Royal Wireless Station has caused him a loss of £100 a year and the depreciation of the rupee has substantially affected the value of his post here. I trust it may be possible to offer him promotion in the near future. He is a very good Surgeon and excellent Administrator\".\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\n...\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-479 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [1-3].txt",
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    {
        "id": 498371,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-486 - Public Offices - 1924",
        "page_number": 40,
        "title": "CO129-486 - Public Offices - 1924",
        "content_text": "## ALL COMMUNICATIONS \n**TO BE ADDRESSED TO THE** \n**CROWN AGENTS FOR THE COLONIES.** THE DATE OF THIS LETTER BEING QUOTED \nAND THE FOLLOWING REFERENCE: \nTELEGRAMS. **\"CROWN, LONDON,\"** \nTELEPHONE, 7780 VICTORIA \n\n**CROWN** \n**AGENTS** \n**FOR** \n49260 \n20 JOT 24 \n39 \nF/Pensions/W \n\n4, MILLBANK, \nSir, \nICOL OFFICE. \n**WESTMINSTER,** \n**LONDON, SW. 1.** \n17th October, 1924 \n\nWith reference to your letter No.56038/21 of the \n13th January, 1922, relating to the temporary increase payable on the Hong Kong pension of Sir F. T. Piggott, having regard \nto the limit of £1000 per annum, from all sources which a \npensioner may draw (a limit as fixed by the Government of \nHong Kong) I have the honour to ask for confirmation that in making our calculations in this connection Sir F. T. Piggott's \npensions and increases should be regarded on a yearly basis. \nIf they are to be considered on a monthly basis a reduction \nof his Hong Kong increase will possibly be necessary for \nthe current month, as the rate to which the rupee may rise \nbefore his total pensions and increases exceed £1000 per \nannum is 1/6.0792 only and the rupee is now being quoted in \nthe neighbourhood of 1/6d. \n\nI have the honour to be, \nSir, \nYour obedient Servant, \nfor Crown Agents. \n\nThe Under Secretary of State, \nColonial Office.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-486 - Public Offices - 1924.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 514807,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-510-1 Correspondence concerning securities held against note issues by various banking corporations 28-2-1928 - 16-10-1928",
        "page_number": 25,
        "title": "CO129-510-1 Correspondence concerning securities held against note issues by various banking corporations 28-2-1928 - 16-10-1928",
        "content_text": "Issue \n\nAmount \n\n(a)First Ordinary Issue \n\n(b) Second Ordinary Issue \n\n(c)Third Ordinary Issue \n\n(d)Fourth Ordinary Issue \n\n(e)Excess Issue \n\n$10,000,000. \n\nBritish Government, Indian, Colonial and other Securities. \n\n5,000,000. \n\n5,000,000. \n\nHong Kong. 24th February, 1928. \n\nWe hereby certify that the total Note Issue of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation on 31st December, 1927 amounted to Fifty-two million seven hundred and sixty-two thousand four hundred and seventy-two dollars ($52,762,472) against which security is held as follows:- \n\nSecurity Deposited with Crown Agents \n\n  \n    Nominal Value\n    Market Value 31st December, 1927\n  \n  \n    £2,865,850\n    £2,446,566\n  \n  \n    Bombay Improvement Trust 4% Deb. Rupee Paper 1916/17\n    \n  \n  \n    Rs.15,00,000\n    \n  \n  \n    Rs.40,03,000\n    \n  \n  \n    10,000,000\n    \n  \n  \n    75,000\n    \n  \n  \n    283,220\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    22,762,472\n  \n\nDeposited with Straits Government \n\n  \n    Straits Government Securities\n    Market Value Sts.$48,609,425 @ ex.2/4.3/32\n  \n  \n    Sts.$3,500,000\n    $422,509. 10. 4\n  \n  \n    \n    £3,227,295. 10. 4\n  \n\nEntreg \n\nColonial Secretary. \n\nChu&husen \n\nColonial Treasurer. \n\nCoins held in Hong Kong to order of Hong Kong Government \n\nShanghai \n\n@ex.2/0.3/8 = F.K.$31,776,448. \n\nH.B. Consul, Shanghai \n\n25,900,000. \n\n7,600,000. \n\n65,276,448. \n\n開",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-510-1 Correspondence concerning securities held against note issues by various banking corporations 28-2-1928 - 16-10-1928.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 514816,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-510-1 Correspondence concerning securities held against note issues by various banking corporations 28-2-1928 - 16-10-1928",
        "page_number": 34,
        "title": "CO129-510-1 Correspondence concerning securities held against note issues by various banking corporations 28-2-1928 - 16-10-1928",
        "content_text": "A/4740\n\nHONG KONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION.\n\nValuation of securities held as cover for the note issue of the bank in Hongkong and the Straits Settlements at the lowest market prices on the 3rd January, 1928.\n\n  \n    Security\n    Amount\n    Price\n    Value\n  \n  \n    Natal 3½% Stock 1914-39\n    £10,000\n    86\n    £8,600. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    Cape of Good Hope 3½% Stock 1929-49\n    £15,000\n    79\n    £11,850. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    New South Wales 4½% Stock 1935-45\n    £15,000\n    89\n    £13,350. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    New South Wales 4% Stock 1942-62\n    £12,500\n    80\n    £10,000. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    Canada 3% Stock 1938\n    £10,000\n    84\n    £8,400. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    Canadian N. Ontario Railway Dominion Guaranteed Debenture 3½% Stock 1961\n    £44,500\n    81\n    £36,045. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    Bombay Imports Trust Loan 4% Debentures 1899\n    Rs. 1,500,000\n    32/9\n    £90,000. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    Ceylon 6% Stocks Certificates 1936\n    £100,000\n    105\n    £105,000. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    Conversion Loan 3¾% Bonds 1961 or after\n    £327,000\n    77\n    £251,790. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    Exchequer 3% Bonds 1930\n    £200,000\n    96\n    £192,000. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    Funding Loan 4% Debentures 1960-90\n    £845,000\n    88\n    £743,600. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    India Rupee 4% Paper 1916-17\n    Rs. 4,003,400\n    1/6 3/4\n    £284,464. 4. 11.\n  \n  \n    India 5½% Stock Certificates 1932\n    £50,000\n    101\n    £50,500. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    India 3½% Stock Certificates 1931 or after\n    £30,000\n    72\n    £21,750. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    India 3% Stock Certificates 1948 or after\n    £404,000\n    62\n    £250,480. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    India 2½% Stock Certificates 1926 or after\n    £100,000\n    51½\n    £51,500. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    Local Loans 3% Stock Certificate 1912 or after\n    £15,000\n    64¾\n    £9,712.10. 0.\n  \n  \n    London County 2½% Stock Certificates 1936-51\n    £10,000\n    53\n    £5,300. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    New Zealand 6% Stock Certificates\n    £100,000\n    105\n    £105,000. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    Transvaal 3% Guaranteed Stock Certificates 1923-53\n    £10,000\n    81½\n    £8,150. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    Treasury 4% Bonds 1931-33\n    £400,000\n    100\n    £400,000. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    War Loan 5% Debs 1929-47\n    £10,000\n    101½\n    £10,150. 0. 0.\n  \n  \n    War Loan 4% Bonds 1929-42\n    £157,850\n    ...\n    £159,033.17. 6.\n  \n  \n    \n    £2,865,850\n    \n    £2,815,883. 2. 5.\n  \n\nSecurity required:-\n\nRs 5,503,400\n\n$23,333,333 2/3\n\n£2,381,944. 8. 2.\n\nplus 2/3 of $33,610 @ 3 9/16\n\n£332.12. 0.\n\n£2,382,277. 0. 2.\n\nExcess £433,606. 2. 3.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-510-1 Correspondence concerning securities held against note issues by various banking corporations 28-2-1928 - 16-10-1928.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 520417,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-519-1 Estimates for 1930 5-9-1929 - 14-11-1929",
        "page_number": 261,
        "title": "CO129-519-1 Estimates for 1930 5-9-1929 - 14-11-1929",
        "content_text": "## 4. JUNIOR CLERICAL SERVICE\n\n50. The Junior Clerical Service is divided into eight classes:- The Higher Class, Classes I to VI and the Special Class. Class VI is divided into A & B Sections, both sections having the same maximum salary though Section A commences at $750 per annum and Section B at $450. Section A, we understand, is of the nature of a \"sieve\" for promotion to Class V. We have not again divided Class VI into two sections, leaving such subdivision, if it is considered desirable under the new salary scales, as a detail to be decided later by Government.\n\n51. We consider that $40 a month is the minimum salary that should be paid to a clerk; and after one year's service this sum should be increased to $45 a month. A clerk is engaged, we understand, on 2 years' probation and on the expiration of the probationary period he is taken on the permanent staff and is permitted to contribute towards Widows' & Orphans' Pensions. It is more convenient then to quote salaries, which are abated by 4% contribution to Widows' & Orphans' pensions, in round figures per annum. We recommend therefore that he should receive in his third year of service a salary of $700 per annum rising by 3 annual increments of $50 and after the sixth year in accordance with the principle laid down in paragraph 19—two increments of $100 to $1,050. The higher classes follow on from this figure.\n\n52. The following scales are recommended:-\n| Class | Salary Scale |\n| --- | --- |\n| Class VI | $480 to $1,050 rising by annual increments, one of $60, one of $160, three of $50 and two of $100 |\n| Class V | $1,100 to $1,400 by $100 annually |\n| Class IV | $1,500 to $1,800 by $100 annually |\n| Class III | $1,900 to $2,600 by $100 annually |\n| Class II | $2,700 to $3,300 by $150 annually |\n| Class I | $3,500 to $4,500 by $200 annually |\n| Higher | $4,800 to $5,600 by $200 annually |\n| Special Class | $1,200 to $2,400 by $100 annually, with an Efficiency Bar at $1,800 |\n\n53. We would call attention to the question which arises as to the numbers of officers who should appear in each of the Classes. We understand that a scheme is already in force for the gradual increase in the numbers of the senior classes so that the proportion between senior and junior posts may be adequate. We consider that this scheme should continue and that a similar readjustment should be made periodically.\n\n54. There is one further matter which we feel we must deal with though it does not come strictly within the terms of reference for our enquiry. The Indian members of the Junior Clerical Service—and also the Indian Police—have brought to our notice that they are granted leave on half pay only. We recommend that in future they should be granted full pay leave to India. Indian Officers, generally, have also drawn our attention to the fall in the exchange value of the dollar relative to the rupee. There was at one time, prior to 1920, a scheme of privileged rates of exchange for remittances to India in the case of the Police. We have carefully considered the question but cannot recommend that any exchange privileges be granted.\n\n## 5. COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE\n\n55. We recommend that the salary of the Colonial Secretary be in future £2,300 per annum. This represents an increase for leave and pension purposes only.\n\n56. The salary of the Chief Clerk recommended under the Senior Clerical and Accounting Staff is £700 to £950 by £25 annually.\n\n57. We recommend the following salaries for Office Staff:-\n| Position | Salary Scale |\n| --- | --- |\n| 3 Office Attendants | 1 at $312 to $360 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years; 2 at $252 to $300 |\n| 10 Messengers and 4 Coolies | $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years |\n\n## 6. SECRETARIAT FOR CHINESE AFFAIRS\n\n58. The Secretary for Chinese Affairs and his Assistants have already been dealt with under the Cadet Service.\n\n59. We recommend that, as heretofore, the Inspector of Factories should receive the same rate of pay as that of a Senior Sanitary Inspector: this will be, if our recommendations are accepted, £475 to £575 by £20 annually.\n\n60. The salaries of the Office Staff should be:-\n| Position | Salary Scale |\n| --- | --- |\n| 4 Office Attendants | 2 at $192 to $240 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years; 2 at $252 to $300 |\n| 2 Messengers and 3 Coolies | $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years |\n\n## 7. TREASURY\n\n61. The Treasurer and his Assistants already appear under the Cadet Service.\n\n62. As recommended under the Senior Clerical and Accounting Staff, the post of Accountant should carry a salary of £700 to £825 by £25 annually.\n\n63. The Office Staff should be paid as follows:-\n| Position | Salary Scale |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 Office Attendant | $312 to $360 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years |\n| 6 Messengers | $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years |\n| 1 Watchman | $144 to $192 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years |\n| 1 Temporary Messenger | $18 a month |\n| Pressmen | $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years |\n\n## 8. AUDIT DEPARTMENT\n\n64. We recommend that the salary of the Auditor be £1,100 per annum rising by annual increments of £50 to £1,400 per annum, and of the 1st and 2nd Assistant Auditors £800 to £1,050 by £50 annually. For the 3rd Assistant we suggest a scale of £450 to £700 by £50 annually.\n\n65. The Office Attendant should receive $192 to $240 and Messengers $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.\n\n## 9 & 10. DISTRICT OFFICES, NORTH AND SOUTH\n\n66. The District Officer and Assistant District Officer are Cadet Officers and are dealt with under the Cadet Service.\n\n67. For the Land Bailiffs in the District Offices and in the Public Works Department we consider there should be one class only, with a senior post of Senior Land Bailiff.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-519-1 Estimates for 1930 5-9-1929 - 14-11-1929.txt",
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    {
        "id": 521043,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-520-2 Currency- note issue 22-11-1929 - 11-11-1930",
        "page_number": 13,
        "title": "CO129-520-2 Currency- note issue 22-11-1929 - 11-11-1930",
        "content_text": "Hong Kong. 19th February, 1930.\n\nWe hereby certify that the total Note Issue of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation on 31st December, 1929 amounted to Sixty-four million nine hundred thousand four hundred and nineteen dollars ($64,900,419) against which security is held as follows:-\n\nIssue.\n\n  \n    (a) First Ordinary Issue\n    $10,000,000.\n    Security Deposited With Crown Agents British Government, Indian, Colonial and other securities\n  \n  \n    (b) Second\n    $5,000,000.\n    Bombay Improvements Trust 4% Deb.\n  \n  \n    (c) Third\n    $5,000,000.\n    \n  \n  \n    (d) Fourth\n    $10,000,000.\n    Rupee Papers 1916/1917 4½%\n  \n  \n    (e) Excess Issue\n    $34,900,419.\n    Singapore Municipal Loans\n  \n  \n    \n    $64,900,419.\n    \n  \n\n  \n    Nominal Value\n    Market Value\n  \n  \n    £2,877,850.\n    £2,334,017.\n  \n  \n    Rs.15,00,000.\n    Rs.40,03,400.\n  \n  \n    \n    88,500.\n  \n  \n    St.$1,500,000.\n    272,283.\n  \n  \n    @1/7/2\n    \n  \n  \n    Coins held in Hong Kong to order of Hong Kong Government\n    180,808.11.10d.\n  \n  \n    £2,875,608.11.10d.\n    \n  \n  \n    $35,392,105.75\n    \n  \n  \n    30,000,000.00\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Shanghai\n  \n  \n    H.B.M.Consul, Shanghai\n    7,600,000.00\n  \n  \n    $72,992,105.75\n    \n  \n\nEttalle for Colonial Secretary.\n\nCu Veron Colonial Treasurer.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-520-2 Currency- note issue 22-11-1929 - 11-11-1930.txt",
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    {
        "id": 521047,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-520-2 Currency- note issue 22-11-1929 - 11-11-1930",
        "page_number": 17,
        "title": "CO129-520-2 Currency- note issue 22-11-1929 - 11-11-1930",
        "content_text": "A/476\n\nHONG KONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION.\n\n17\n\nValuation of securities held as cover for the note issue of the bank in Hong Kong and the Straits Settlements at the lowest market prices on the 2nd January 1930.\n\n  \n    Security\n    Amount\n    Price\n    Value\n  \n  \n    Natal 3% Stock 1914-39\n    £10,000\n    85\n    £8,500\n  \n  \n    Cape of Good Hope 3½% Stock 1929-49\n    £15,000\n    79\n    £11,850\n  \n  \n    New South Wales 4% Stock 1935-45\n    £15,000\n    82\n    £12,300\n  \n  \n    New South Wales 4% Stock 1942-62\n    £12,500\n    72\n    £9,000\n  \n  \n    Canada 3% Stock 1928\n    £10,000\n    84\n    £8,400\n  \n  \n    Canadian Pacific Railway (Ontario) Guaranteed Debenture Stock 3½% 1961\n    £44,500\n    71\n    £31,595\n  \n  \n    Bombay Improvements Trust Loan 4% Debentures 1899\n    Rs.1,500,000\n    50 2/-\n    £75,000\n  \n  \n    Ceylon 6% Stock Certificates 1936-51\n    £12,000\n    102\n    £12,240\n  \n  \n    Ceylon 4% Consolidated Loan Bonds 1957 or after\n    Rs.500,000\n    82¾\n    £41,375\n  \n  \n    Conversion Loan 3½% Bonds 1961 or after\n    £327,000\n    74\n    £241,980\n  \n  \n    Funding Loan 4% Debentures 1960-90\n    £445,000\n    85\n    £378,250\n  \n  \n    India Rupee 4% Paper 1916-17\n    Rs.400,340\n    91\n    £...\n  \n  \n    India 3½% Stock Certificates 1931 or after\n    £50,000\n    1/5 2/23\n    £271,808.19.4\n  \n  \n    India 3% Stock Certificates\n    £100,000\n    97\n    £48,500\n  \n  \n    India 2½% Stock Certificates\n    £30,000\n    58\n    £17,400\n  \n  \n    India 5½% Stock Certificates 1932\n    £404,000\n    48\n    £193,920\n  \n  \n    Local Loans 3% Stock Certificates 1926\n    £100,000\n    42\n    £42,000\n  \n  \n    London County 2½% Stock Certificates\n    £15,000\n    61/12/2\n    £9,225\n  \n  \n    New Zealand 6% Stock Certificates 1936-51\n    £10,000\n    50\n    £5,000\n  \n  \n    Transvaal 3% Guaranteed Stock Certificates 1923-53\n    £100,000\n    101\n    £101,000\n  \n  \n    Treasury 4% Bonds 1931-33\n    £600,000\n    97¼\n    £583,500\n  \n  \n    War Loan 5% Debentures 1929-47\n    £10,000\n    100\n    £10,000\n  \n  \n    War Loan 4% Bonds 1929-42\n    £157,850\n    100/1/\n    £158,639.5.-\n  \n\nSecurity required $23,333,333 at 1/8 plus $33,555 at 72d = £2,877,850) Rs. 5,503,400) £1,944,444.8.4d 1,083,10.11\n\nExcess. Rs. 2,651,958.4.4 £1,945,527.19.3 £706,430.5.1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-520-2 Currency- note issue 22-11-1929 - 11-11-1930.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 524375,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-524-1 Reports of Salaries Commission 31-12-1929 - 27-10-1930",
        "page_number": 149,
        "title": "CO129-524-1 Reports of Salaries Commission 31-12-1929 - 27-10-1930",
        "content_text": "153\n\n154\n\nnow £2000\n\n10\n\n-\n\n4. JUNIOR CLERICAL SERVICE\n\n50. The Junior Clerical Service is divided into eight classes:- The Higher Class, Classes I to VI and the Special Class. Class VI is divided into A & B Sections, both sections having the same maximum salary though Section A commences at $750 per annum and Section B at $450. Section A, we understand, is of the nature of a \"sieve\" for promotion to Class V. We have not again divided Class VI into two sections, leaving such subdivision, if it is considered desirable under the new salary scales, as a detail to be decided later by Government.\n\n51. We consider that $40 a month is the minimum salary that should be paid to a clerk; and after one year's service this sum should be increased to $45 a month. A clerk is engaged, we understand, on 2 years' probation and on the expiration of the probationary period he is taken on the permanent staff and is permitted to contribute towards Widows' & Orphans' Pensions. It is more convenient then to quote salaries, which are abated by 4% contribution to Widows' & Orphans' pensions, in round figures per annum. We recommend therefore that he should receive in his third year of service a salary of $700 per annum rising by 3 annual increments of $50 and after the sixth year in accordance with the principle laid down in paragraph 19—two increments of $100 to $1,050. The higher classes follow on from this figure.\n\n52. The following scales are recommended:——\n\nClass VI $480 to $1,050 rising by annual increments, one of $60, one of $160, three of $50 and two of $100;\n\nClass V $1,100 to $1,400 by $100 annually; Class IV $1,500 to $1,800 by $100 annually; Class III $1,900 to $2,600 by $100 annually; Class II $2,700 to $3,300 by $150 annually;\n\nClass I $3,500 to $4,500 by $200 annually; Higher $4,800 to $5,600 by $200 annually; and\n\nSpecial Class $1,200 to $2,400 by $100 annually, with an Efficiency Bar at $1,800.\n\n53. We would call attention to the question which arises as to the numbers of officers who should appear in each of the Classes. We understand that a scheme is already in force for the gradual increase in the numbers of the senior classes so that the proportion between senior and junior posts may be adequate. We consider that this scheme should continue and that a similar readjustment should be made periodically.\n\n54. There is one further matter which we feel we must deal with though it does not come strictly within the terms of reference for our enquiry. The Indian members of the Junior Clerical Service and also the Indian Police--have brought to our notice that they are granted leave on half pay only. We recommend that in future they should be granted full pay leave to India. Indian Officers, generally, have also drawn our attention to the fall in the exchange value of the dollar relative to the rupee. There was at one time, prior to 1920, a scheme of privileged rates of exchange for remittances to India in the case of the Police. We have carefully considered the question but cannot recommend that any exchange privileges be granted.\n\n5.-COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE\n\n55. We recommend that the salary of the Colonial Secretary be in future £2,300 per annum. This represents an increase for leave and pension purposes only.\n\n56. The salary of the Chief Clerk recommended under the Senior Clerical and Accounting Staff is £700 to £950 by £25 annually.\n\nwboy- 1800 now 11 --\n\n57. We recommend the following salaries for Office Staff:-\n\n3 Office Attendants 1 at $312 to $360 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years: 2 at $252 to $300\n\n10 Messengers and 4 Coolies at $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.\n\n6. SECRETARIAT FOR CHINESE AFFAIRS\n\n58. The Secretary for Chinese Affairs and his Assistants have already been dealt with under the Cadet Service.\n\n59. We recommend that, as heretofore, the Inspector of Factories should receive the same rate of pay as that of a Senior Sanitary Inspector; this will be, if our recommendations are accepted, £475 to £575 by £20 annually.\n\nnow flow-fusão\n\n60. The salaries of the Office Staff should be:-\n\n4 Office Attendants 2 at $192 to $240 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years; 2 at $252 to $300\n\n2 Messengers and 3 Coolies at $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.\n\n7. TREASURY\n\n61. The Treasurer and his Assistants already appear under the Cadet Service.\n\n62. As recommended under the Senior Clerical and Accounting Staff, the post of Accountant should carry a salary of £700 to £825 by £25 annually.\n\n63. The Office Staff should be paid as follows:-\n\nhow 2000-£700\n\n1 Office Attendant at $312 to $360 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years:\n\n6 Messengers at $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years:\n\n1 Watchman at $144 to $192 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years:\n\n1 Temporary Messenger at $15 a month; and\n\n4 Pressmen at $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.\n\n8.- AUDIT DEPARTMENT\n\nnow £950-£1200\n\n64. We recommend that the salary of the Auditor be £1,100 per annum rising by annual increments of £50 to £1,400 per annum, and of the 1st and 2nd Assistant Auditors £800 to £1,050 by £50 annually. For the 3rd Assistant we suggest a scale of £450 to £700 by £50 annually.\n\n- 650 £900 now £450-£600\n\n65. The Office Attendant should receive $192 to $240 and Messengers $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.\n\n9 & 10.-DISTRICT OFFICES, NORTH AND SOUTH\n\n•\n\n66. The District Officer and Assistant District Officer are Cadet Officers and are dealt with under the Cadet Service.\n\n67. For the Land Bailiffs in the District Offices and in the Public Works Department we consider there should be one class only, with a senior post of Senior Land Bailiff.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-524-1 Reports of Salaries Commission 31-12-1929 - 27-10-1930.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 526277,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-527-12 Payment of Hong Kong pensioners in India 21-8-1930 - 21-8-1930",
        "page_number": 4,
        "title": "CO129-527-12 Payment of Hong Kong pensioners in India 21-8-1930 - 21-8-1930",
        "content_text": "## Carbonts explanation of proposal regarding pay of Hong Kong Pensioners in India\n\nAs proposed. There is certain room for explanation.\n\n26.8.10 conce 4  \nZETE 2. To for tel No. 6m  \nT 62 cons.  \n27 Aug 50. 3. hoor. bony 120  \n9.9.20  \n\nthe dollar risk the lake  \n6.c if will follow the rise love  \ntac minimum with no  \nt reference with outing 5/5 a fixed maximum limit  \nif a minimum is to be fixed, ? Suggest that a maximum dete  \nalso be determined o ask Gov?, is  \nShould he Shees suggest what it should be  \n\n15.10.30 Ghices  \nI do not agree that we should suggest a maximum rate. To whatever extent the Indian rupee might fall in relation to the H.K. dollar, it would not cost the H.K. Govt a penny extra to pay its Indian pensioners the full rupee equivalent of their dollar pensions. In fact it would simply be an unwarrantable reduction.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-527-12 Payment of Hong Kong pensioners in India 21-8-1930 - 21-8-1930.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 526279,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-527-12 Payment of Hong Kong pensioners in India 21-8-1930 - 21-8-1930",
        "page_number": 6,
        "title": "CO129-527-12 Payment of Hong Kong pensioners in India 21-8-1930 - 21-8-1930",
        "content_text": "## GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONG KONG\n### 9th September, 1930.\n\nMy Lord,\n\nWith reference to my telegram of 21st of August, 1930, regarding the payment of Hong Kong pensioners in India and Your Lordship's reply of the 27th of August, 1930, I have the honour to submit the following explanation of the matter.\n\n2. Payments made by the Government of India on behalf of this Government in any half year are based on the average demand rate of exchange on Hong Kong during the previous half year calculated to the nearest quarter rupee. Under this arrangement the rate which would be fixed for the half year commencing 1st of October, 1930, (not 1st of September as stated in my telegram) would probably be in the neighbourhood of H.K.$100 = Rs.88.\n\nThe new arrangement fixes a minimum rate of H.K.$100 = Rs.112 annas 8. If however the average demand rate for a half year rises above the minimum rate then the demand rate will operate.\n\n3. The additional expenditure involved per annum with exchange round about 1s/3d or 1s/4d per Hong Kong dollar is estimated at $4,200.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nMy Lord,\nYour Lordship's most obedient, humble servant,\n\n**THE RIGHT HONOURABLE LORD PASSFIELD,**\n&c., &c., &c.\n\nGovernor, &c.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-527-12 Payment of Hong Kong pensioners in India 21-8-1930 - 21-8-1930.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 526464,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-527-3 Currency- miscellaneous 6-6-1930 - 1-7-1930",
        "page_number": 4,
        "title": "CO129-527-3 Currency- miscellaneous 6-6-1930 - 1-7-1930",
        "content_text": "## TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS\n**HONGCLUB**  \nHONGKONG.\n\n## CODES USED\n- A1.\n- A.B.C. 4TH & 5TH EDITION.\n- WESTERN UNION.\n\nRECEIVED  \n- 2 JUL 19.\n\n## COL. OFFICE\nWilliam Lunn Esq Mr.  \nCommons  \n6.30  \n2  \nLondon  \nHouse of  \nSir  \n\nI note that you have been speaking in Parliament, on behalf of Lord Passfield, on the subject of the appalling drop in the value of the Silver dollar here (today's quotation 1/2 5d*) - considerably below the rupee. As an ordinary wage-earner here with a dollar salary, I implore you...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-527-3 Currency- miscellaneous 6-6-1930 - 1-7-1930.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 526853,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-529-2 Currency- note issue 31-1-1931 - 31-1-1931",
        "page_number": 58,
        "title": "CO129-529-2 Currency- note issue 31-1-1931 - 31-1-1931",
        "content_text": "# Hong Kong, 27th February, 1931.\n\nWe hereby certify that the total Note Issue of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation on 31st December, 1930, amounted to One hundred and eight million one hundred and sixty-six thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine dollars ($108,166,839.-) against which security is held as follows:-\n\n## Issue.\n\n| Issue | Security Deposited with Crown Agents | Market Value | Nominal Value |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| (a) First Ordinary Issue $10,000,000 | British Government, Indian, Colonial and other securities. | £2,908,000 | £2,526,841 |\n| (b) Second | Bombay Improvement Trust 4% Deb. | Rs. 5,000,000 | Rs. 15,00,000 |\n| (c) Third | Rupee Paper 1916/17 4% | Rs. 99,000 | Rs. 40,03,400<br>320,272 |\n| (d) Fourth | Singapore Municipal Debentures 5% (Sts.$1,500,000 @ 106 = Sts. $1,590,000 at 2/3) | Sts.$1,500,000<br>$75,000 | $267,216<br>183,843.15 |\n| (e) Excess Issue |  | £3,052,900.15 | $78,166,839 |\n\n## Security Held.\n\nCoins held in Hong Kong to order of Hong Kong Government | $55,824,470.86 | \n| --- | --- |\nBar Silver | $37,500,000.-- | \nCoins held in Shanghai | $54,000,000.-- | \nChinese Coins held in S'hai | $7,100,000.-- | \n | $1,600,000.-- | \nTotal | $156,024,470.86 |\n\nRottallifar  \nColonial Secretary  \nChu Chaser  \nColonial Treasurer",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-529-2 Currency- note issue 31-1-1931 - 31-1-1931.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 526860,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-529-2 Currency- note issue 31-1-1931 - 31-1-1931",
        "page_number": 65,
        "title": "CO129-529-2 Currency- note issue 31-1-1931 - 31-1-1931",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION\n## Valuation of securities held as cover for the note issue of the bank in Hong Kong and the Straits Settlements at the lowest market prices on the 2nd January, 1931.\n\n| SECURITY | AMOUNT | PRICE | VALUE |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Natal 3% Stock 1914-39 | 10,000 | 91 | £9,100:-:- |\n| Cape of Good Hope 3% Stock 1929-49 | 15,000 | 84 | £12,600:-:- |\n| New South Wales 4% Stock 1935-45 | 15,000 | 67 | £10,050:-:- |\n| New South Wales 4% Stock 1942-62 | 12,500 | 58 | £7,250:-:- |\n| Canada 3% Stock 1938 | 10,000 | 90 | £9,000:-:- |\n| Canadian N.Ontario Rly. Dom. Gtd. Deb. Stock 3% 1961 | 44,500 | 82 | £36,490:-:- |\n| Bombay Impts. Trust Loan 4% Deb.1899 | 150,880 | 51.5 | £77,625:-:- |\n| Ceylon 6% Stock Certs. 1936-51 | 12,000 | 103 | £12,360:-:- |\n| 3% Conversion Loan Bonds 1961 or after | 282,000 | 81 | £230,535:-:- |\n| 4% Funding Loan Debs. 1960-90 | 1,345,000 | 94.5 | £1,271,025:-:- |\n| India 4% Rupee Paper 1916-17 | Rs 400,3400 | £66 per Rs 1000 | £264,224:8:- |\n| India 5% Stock Certs. 1932 | 50,000 | 100.5 | £50,250:-:- |\n| India 5% Stock Certs. 1931 or after | 30,000 | 62 | £18,600:-:- |\n| India 5% Stock Certs. 1948 | 404,000 | 53 | £214,120:-:- |\n| India 5% Stock Certs. 1926 | 100,000 | 44 | £44,000:-:- |\n| New Zealand 6% Stock Certs. 1936/51 | 100,000 | 103 | £103,000:-:- |\n| Transvaal 3% Gtd. Stock Certs. 1923-53 | 10,000 | 83 | £8,300:-:- |\n| 4% Treasury Bonds 1931-33 | 258,000 | 100 | £259,935:-:- |\n| 5% War Loan Debs. 1929-47 | 210,000 | 103 | £216,300:-:- |\n\n£2,908,000 Rs5,503,400  \n£2,854,764:8:-\n\nSecurity required $23,333,333 @ 1/1  \nPlus 2/3 of 33,520 @ 1/2  \n£1,263,898:17:5. 1,373:7:9.  \nExcess  \n£1,265,262:5:2.  \n£1,539,502:2:10.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-529-2 Currency- note issue 31-1-1931 - 31-1-1931.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 527128,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-529-5 China- extraterritoriality 23-11-1931 - 31-12-1931",
        "page_number": 41,
        "title": "CO129-529-5 China- extraterritoriality 23-11-1931 - 31-12-1931",
        "content_text": "## \nFirst of wish to draw attention to \n\nCoins totalling 114 auctioned by the Deputy Governor as \n\naddition to the last JAPANESE yen of \n\n● Japan \n\nI attach Indian observations \n\na note for 1 to 5 are ordered in soranoki \n\nwith special reference to the provisions relating to \n\nrupee currency \n\nSecretary on duty \n\n(Sd.) C. W. Orde. \n\n42",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-529-5 China- extraterritoriality 23-11-1931 - 31-12-1931.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 545545,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-549-14 Commission of Enquiry into trade of Colony 17-7-1934 - 18-1-1935",
        "page_number": 26,
        "title": "CO129-549-14 Commission of Enquiry into trade of Colony 17-7-1934 - 18-1-1935",
        "content_text": "# \n\n## position in the West River Delta, naturally gathers to itself the bulk of the inward and outward trade of South China, save so far as we drive it past our door by reason of our shipping regulations and our public health legislation.\n\n10. It is a fundamental policy of the Colony to treat **Hongkong, Canton and Macao** as one city for the purpose of public health, passports and various other purposes, which makes for free transit facilities.\n\n11. Our form of Government in the Colony is such as to throw on the traders the minimum effort. For all practical purposes everything is done for them, leaving them their entire time for barter in one form or another. Nothing is asked of the rank and file but to subscribe a very reasonable sum by way of taxation for maintenance. The Foreign elements are satisfied by their knowledge of the position, and the Chinese element is happy in the fact that the Government is disinterested and with no individual axe to grind.\n\n12. **Hongkong** affords a certainty of land tenure, and a security of personal property, not obtainable in China which is much appreciated by those who resort to the Colony.\n\n13. The Judiciary is independent of the Government, with the result that rights of property and security of contract are maintainable in a measure that does not appertain in China proper. In fact one of the early Ordinances of the Colony was passed to stop the Chinese in Canton fighting out their disputes in the **Hongkong Courts**.\n\n14. The Banking system in the Colony whilst being conservative is sufficiently elastic to meet the needs of commerce. In addition to the Foreign Banks, the Chinese Modern Banks are also well represented here. The Chinese Native Banks are honest and dependable save where they venture into western practices which they rarely understand or appreciate.\n\n## \n\n15. The system of taxation is neither heavy nor oppressive, and is carried equitably by the Colony as a whole. It should be the aim to spread the burden on the population as a whole and leave the basic industries as free as possible so as to attract trade to the Colony by reason of the cheapness of the services.\n\n16. The currency of the Colony, although at a period in the very early stages was based on the Indian Rupee, was at an early date centred on the Mexican Dollar which was regulated by the value of the silver and ever since has been so maintained. The value of silver has largely followed the price of commodities with the result that, save in exceptional circumstances, the Colony has rarely experienced a wide hiatus between the exchange value of its currency and commodities and has given a degree of stability which has been attractive to trade.\n\n17. The remittance by overseas Chinese to their families in China has largely augmented the invisible exports, and provided a continuous source of currency available for trade purposes, in hands of the bankers and exchange agents.\n\n18. **Hongkong** by reason of the various facilities and the many forms of security has become a residential haven for innumerable retired and rich Chinese, who bring their families here and invest their fortunes locally, thereby assisting in the constant circulation of money and making a ready market for all forms of securities.\n\n19. The educational opportunities are such that many Chinese from all parts of the Far East gather here, believing that the form of Western teaching available is a sure road to future preferment and a possible solution to many of China's difficult problems.\n\n20. The climate compared to some other parts of the Far East is equitable and healthy both for foreigners and Chinese, and is not such as to put an undue strain \n\n## \n\nPage 32 \nPage 12 \nPage 13",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-549-14 Commission of Enquiry into trade of Colony 17-7-1934 - 18-1-1935.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 551653,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-558-3 Levy on Salaries- petition from Chinese Civil Servants 3-1-1936 - 19-12-1936",
        "page_number": 14,
        "title": "CO129-558-3 Levy on Salaries- petition from Chinese Civil Servants 3-1-1936 - 19-12-1936",
        "content_text": "14 dollars; but it will be desirable for the whole question of salaries to be examined generally as soon as possible in the light of the exhaustive review which has recently taken place in regard to East and West Africa, of the kind of scales which it is necessary to offer in order to recruit satisfactory personnel in this country for the unified branches of the Colonial Service and for other posts of similar status. With the East and West African rates as a guide it should not be very difficult for the Hong Kong Government to suggest adaptations of those rates which would fit in with special local conditions, and, having regard to the fact that, as compared with tropical Africa, the senior officers in Hong Kong are at present remunerated on distinctly generous lines, it is not inconceivable that such a review would result in an appreciable economy without loss of efficiency.\n\nA further question is whether it would not be desirable to take steps to transfer the existing sterling-paid officers to a dollar basis. It may be argued that such a step would be a violation of the terms upon which these officers were appointed. It must, however, be recalled that when a somewhat similar situation arose in East Africa shortly after the War, it was not thought improper to pass an Order-in-Council the effect of which, inter alia, was that officers on sterling salaries who had previously drawn those salaries locally at the rate of fifteen rupees to the pound were deemed thereafter to be remunerated in florins at ten to the pound; the florin, for local currency purposes, taking the place of the old rupee. I do not know much about the past history of the Hong Kong dollar, and I suppose no one knows much about its future, but presumably",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-558-3 Levy on Salaries- petition from Chinese Civil Servants 3-1-1936 - 19-12-1936.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 551654,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-558-3 Levy on Salaries- petition from Chinese Civil Servants 3-1-1936 - 19-12-1936",
        "page_number": 15,
        "title": "CO129-558-3 Levy on Salaries- petition from Chinese Civil Servants 3-1-1936 - 19-12-1936",
        "content_text": "## \n(*i.e. \n\ni.e. Than 1/6d to 2/8d then back \nto 1/9d and up to 1/6d) \nSterling salaries are presumably hardly likely to fluctuate \nmuch more than the Indian rupee did during \nthe years round about 1920. It would clearly \nbe a great convenience if it were possible to \nfix some arbitrary rate at which existing \nsterling salaries could, without gross unfairness, \nonce and for all \nbe converted into dollar salaries, as a permanent \nmeasure. Suppose, for example, the rate of \n1/4d were taken; under this plan all sterling \nsalaries would forthwith be converted by \nlegislation into dollar salaries on the 1/4d \nbasis, and would then become subject to the same \nlevy as other dollar salaries so long as that \nremained necessary. Leave pay and pensions \ncould be issued at conversion rates to be fixed \nby the Government from time to time. In the \nevent of the dollar remaining permanently below \n1/4d, officers would, of course, be receiving \nless than they could have got on the basis of \nthe current rate of exchange; on the other hand, \nif it should rise above 1/4d, they would be \nreceiving more. \n\nThe question whether it is \nnow \npossible to fix a rate, and what the rate should \nbe, or whether it would be desirable to wait \nuntil things have settled down a bit, is one \nfor the currency experts; but I suggest that \nfrom the point of view of administration, the \nimmediate \nproposal is worth consideration. \n\nC.J. Jeffries \n10.1.36.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-558-3 Levy on Salaries- petition from Chinese Civil Servants 3-1-1936 - 19-12-1936.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 552091,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-558-8 Revision of salaries 19-8-1936 - 11-2-1937",
        "page_number": 92,
        "title": "CO129-558-8 Revision of salaries 19-8-1936 - 11-2-1937",
        "content_text": "## \nthe sterling salary scheme survived until 1919 \nwhen the Salaries Commission reviewed at length \nthe past and present systems and circumstances, \nand came to the conclusion that all salaries \nshould in future be expressed in local currency. \nThey said that with a fixed dollar any conceivable \nutility, which a sterling scheme might have, \nappeared to them to vanish altogether, and they \ndrew attention to the fact that since the dollar \n(fixed at 2/4d. sterling) was just as much the \nstandard unit of currency in Malaya as the \nrupee in India or the shilling in England, the \nexpression of salaries in sterling had the \nparticular danger that it showed on paper a \nplausible, but intrinsically valueless comparison \nbetween what purports to be the \"gold\" pay in \nthis and other countries. \n\"A salary expressed as £350 per annum may be read by eyes in England \nas something almost worth attention: transmuted \ninto $250 a month in Singapore it is what one \nwould pay at en pension terms for a front bed-sitting room at one of the better class hotels\". \nIn Hong Kong the sterling salaries scheme has continued to this day. Salaries were \nreviewed in 1913 on complaints from the Public \nService in that Colony that salaries were \ninsufficient. The Governor explained that this \ndissatisfaction was largely due to the high rate \nof exchange which had supervened upon an \nundoubted increase in the cost of living. In \n1902, when the sterling salaries scheme had been \nintroduced and exchange compensation granted, \nthe average exchange rate of the dollar was 1/8½d. \nFor",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-558-8 Revision of salaries 19-8-1936 - 11-2-1937.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 557540,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-567-10 Companies Amendment Ordinance- draft bill 15-9-1938 - 28-9-1938",
        "page_number": 287,
        "title": "CO129-567-10 Companies Amendment Ordinance- draft bill 15-9-1938 - 28-9-1938",
        "content_text": "364\n\n4\n\nWe recommend that the 12 of the draft Ordinance annexed to this report. accounts so published should include a Revenue and Expenditure account, an account of Deposits and Withdrawals, and a Balance Sheet, in some such form as is set out in Appendix B to this report. In addition we suggest that statistics relating to the progress of the bank should be published at more frequent intervals, showing, for example, particulars of deposits and withdrawals and the total funds in the bank; this would in our view serve the valuable purpose of bringing regularly to the notice of the public the existence of the facilities which have been established for their use.\n\n10. We assume that, before publication, the bank's account will be audited by the Government Auditor in the same way as the ordinary departmental accounts.\n\n## CONTROL OF BANK AND ITS FUNDS.\n\n11. From the discussion of the principle that the savings bank should be, at least from the financial standpoint, a distinct entity, we proceed to consider who should be responsible for the conduct of its operations, subject, of course, to the authority of the Governor. There is at present a wide divergency of practice in this respect. In the majority of cases the savings bank forms one of the services conducted by the Treasury or the Post Office; in other cases a separate organization has been set up charged either with the whole conduct of savings bank operations or with more restricted functions such as the management of the bank's invested funds. This divergency of practice is, no doubt, the result of difference in local conditions, and we do not consider that there is any need for standardization in this respect except that, as the Treasurer is the principal financial authority in the Colony, the control of savings bank funds and the responsibility for their employment should rest with him or, if thought preferable in any Colony, with a committee of public officers under his chairmanship. If the latter course were adopted, it would no doubt be convenient to include in the committee the officer responsible for the conduct of the bank's business. We also consider that the funds of the savings bank should be deposited in the public Treasury and that the Treasurer should clearly show his liability for these funds, as well as the assets held in respect of this liability, in the Colony's statement of Assets and Liabilities.\n\n12.\n\n## EMPLOYMENT OF SAVINGS BANK FUNDS.\n\nWe turn now to the question of the employment of savings bank funds. As a general rule interest commences to accrue almost immediately on money deposited with the savings bank, and it is therefore important, in order that the bank may be in a position to meet the payment of this interest, that the whole of its funds should be invested as soon as practicable, except for such cash as may be retained as till money or a working balance. The amount of such cash should not exceed what is reasonably considered necessary to meet normal day-to-day excesses of payments over receipts, since, in the event of abnormally large withdrawals, we suggest that it should be possible for the bank to obtain temporary advances from the Treasury pending the realization of investments. Any such advances should, in our opinion, bear interest, which we think might reasonably be fixed at the rate payable to depositors. The proportion of cash which it is necessary to retain will no doubt vary from time to time and in different Colonies, and it would serve no useful purpose if we were to attempt to lay down any standard, but in examining various annual reports we have found cases in which the proportion of cash in hand appeared to us to be unduly high. There were no doubt special reasons for this. We would only observe that it would not be proper to keep an unnecessarily high proportion of savings bank moneys in liquid form merely in order to swell the liquid resources of the Government. We consider that any cash held by the Treasurer on behalf of the bank as part of his general cash balance should be specifically shown as such in his published accounts.\n\n13. As regards the investment of savings bank funds, the general practice is to remit the money to the Crown Agents, who invest it at their discretion subject to such directions as may be given them from time to time by the Colonial Government, or to such restrictions as may be contained in the Ordinance, and subject also to the general directions as to the investment of Colonial funds which are given to them from time to time by the Secretary of State. In certain Colonies in which there are facilities for local investment, some proportion of the invested funds is held locally. In our opinion the freedom of the market for securities in London combined with the many facilities possessed by the Crown Agents, who are constantly engaged in investment business on behalf of some hundreds of different Colonial funds, amounting to upwards of £120,000,000 is an overwhelming argument in favour of the present practice of holding the bulk of the invested funds in this country; and as the currencies of the Colonies concerned are, with five exceptions, all linked to sterling, no inconveniences are likely to arise on account of exchange fluctuations. Four exceptions are Ceylon, Zanzibar, Somaliland, and the Seychelles, which however are indirectly linked to sterling through the Indian rupee. The other exception is British Honduras, which is on the United States dollar standard, and, in the case of the savings bank of this Colony, the advisability of establishing an Exchange Reserve will no doubt be borne in mind by the competent authorities. Hong Kong, which is on a silver currency, has no Government savings bank.\n\n14.\n\nAs to the classes of securities in which investment may be made, the provisions of the existing Ordinances differ widely, but the general practice is to permit the investment of funds in such securities as may be approved by the Governor or the Governor in Council, or by the Secretary of State. We suggest, and have provided accordingly in Section 11 of the draft Ordinance, that the funds held by the Crown Agents shall be invested in such securities or employed in such ways as the Secretary of State for the Colonies may from time to time approve. This would bring the investments in London within the general standing instructions of the Secretary of State, which are applied to Colonial loan sinking funds and to all the other Colonial funds of various kinds held by the Crown Agents, except so far as may be specified to the contrary in any Ordinances governing particular funds. The present standing instructions cover generally all trustee investments, but the Crown Agents are authorized to buy trustee stocks irrespective of the price limits laid down in the Trustee Act, 1925, and also Colonial Government stocks or bonds not issued under the Colonial Stock Acts and therefore not included in the list of trustee investments. In practice we understand that investments are confined to securities issued or guaranteed by the Governments of the United Kingdom, India, the Dominions and the Colonies, and to the stocks of corporations and counties in the United Kingdom.\n\n15.\n\nA number of existing Ordinances provide that savings bank funds shall not be invested in the securities of the particular Colonial Government concerned. We recognize that the object of such a provision is to ensure that the solvency of the bank is not imperilled in circumstances which might at one and the same time adversely affect the credit of the Colony and produce a widespread withdrawal of deposits, but we do not think that this consideration need be carried to the point of entirely forbidding investment in the securities of the Colonial Government. We are of the opinion that no objection need be taken to investment in such securities, whether issued in London or locally, provided that they are publicly issued and marketable securities, and that the proportion of such securities to the whole fund is limited. In the case of one savings bank the proportion of the fund invested in securities of the local Government has been limited by the Secretary of State to one-third and this proportion might be generally adopted. Investment in locally-issued securities should be subject to the approval of the Governor-in-Council, in the same manner as London investments require the approval of the Secretary of State. Particulars of all investments held on behalf of a Savings bank, showing in each case the nominal amount, the cost price and the latest known market price, should be submitted by the Colonial Government annually with the accounts to the Secretary of State.\n\n16. Apart from the foregoing provisions, savings bank funds should not be applied in any way to the purposes of the Colonial Government.\n\n17. In order to diminish as far as possible the risk of loss on realization of investments through depreciation, invested funds should include a reasonable proportion of short and medium dated securities. We understand that this is the Crown Agents' present practice in the management of savings bank investments.\n\n28473\n\nA 3\n\n365",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-567-10 Companies Amendment Ordinance- draft bill 15-9-1938 - 28-9-1938.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 563445,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-574-6 Hong Kong pensioners in India- rate of exchange 31-8-1938 - 26-10-1938",
        "page_number": 15,
        "title": "CO129-574-6 Hong Kong pensioners in India- rate of exchange 31-8-1938 - 26-10-1938",
        "content_text": "## \n15 \n\ncomputed in all cases where officers are entitled to free quarters or rent allowance in lieu thereof.\n\n6. In the case of all Civil Servants, such allowance or the alternative of free quarters is considered as part of the emoluments attaching to the appointment. Your Petitioners are the only Indian Officers in the service of the Government for whom such allowance is not included in the amount on which their pension is assessed. Attached to this Petition is a table showing the difference the additional one-sixth would make to the pensions of officers retiring at various lengths of service.\n\n7. The principle of adding housing allowance at the rate of one-sixth to the average salary for assessment of pension applies to all Indian members of the Prison Department of whatever rank. It may here be observed that Indian Officers of the Police Force cannot earn the maximum pension attached to their rank until after thirty-five years' service, whereas the maximum can be reached by European officers after twenty-five years' service.\n\n8.\n\n9. Your Petitioners have recently been notified that in yet another direction they may expect to suffer hardship in relation to the amount payable to them on pension.\n\n10. It appears from a notice which has been drawn to their attention that the compensation in exchange, which pensioners have been receiving since the value of the dollar in relation to the Rupee in India fell about eight years ago, is to be discontinued, although Your Petitioners desire to observe that conditions which led to such compensation being granted are the same today, if not worse.\n\n11. In 1930, the Hong Kong Government agreed to pay pensions to all retired India-domiciled officers at a minimum exchange rate of Hong Kong $100 equals 112 Rupees.\n\n-2-",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-574-6 Hong Kong pensioners in India- rate of exchange 31-8-1938 - 26-10-1938.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 563456,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-574-6 Hong Kong pensioners in India- rate of exchange 31-8-1938 - 26-10-1938",
        "page_number": 26,
        "title": "CO129-574-6 Hong Kong pensioners in India- rate of exchange 31-8-1938 - 26-10-1938",
        "content_text": "# TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE \n## MR. MALCOLM MACDONALD, \n### M. P., HIS MAJESTY'S \n#### SECRETARY OF STATE FOR \n##### THE COLONIES. \n\n25 \n\n**THE HUMBLE PETITION OF THE UNDERSIGNED** \n**INDIAN OFFICERS ON THE PERMANENT** \n**ESTABLISHMENT OF THE HONG KONG CIVIL** \n**SERVICE.** \n\n**SHEWETH:** \n\n1. Your Petitioners are Officers of Indian race domiciled in India who are on the permanent establishment of the Civil Service of the Crown Colony of Hong Kong.\n\n2. The emoluments and allowances received by your Petitioners during active service are wholly in the Local Currency of the Colony.\n\n3. Your Petitioners, who have for some time past contemplated addressing you on the subject of grievances which are accumulating as a result of changing conditions, now desire to draw attention to those hardships only which affect them as a result of the divergence in the exchange rate between the Local Dollar and the Rupee in India.\n\n4. Consideration of one aspect of this exchange rate question, namely that relating to the payment of pensions to Indian Officers on retirement, has become urgent as a result of their attention having been drawn to `C.S.O. Circular No.57`, dated 10th August 1938, a copy of which is annexed hereto.\n\n5. In the Circular referred to in the last paragraph, we are notified that the Government of Hong Kong has under consideration...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-574-6 Hong Kong pensioners in India- rate of exchange 31-8-1938 - 26-10-1938.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 563458,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-574-6 Hong Kong pensioners in India- rate of exchange 31-8-1938 - 26-10-1938",
        "page_number": 28,
        "title": "CO129-574-6 Hong Kong pensioners in India- rate of exchange 31-8-1938 - 26-10-1938",
        "content_text": "## 27\n\nconventional rate of 112 Rupees to Hong Kong $100 was fixed.\n\n10. It has to be observed that the principle of compensation for an adverse rate of exchange has, in the case of Indian Officers, been applied only in relation to pensions and that they receive no safeguard in any other cases in which hardship ensues from unfavourable rates, which occur when Indian Officers are on leave in India or are committed to regular remittances to dependents in the currency of the country of their domicile.\n\n11. Whilst it is intended in due course to show that there are strong grounds for review of the whole question of exchange compensation for India-domiciled Officers, it is earnestly and respectfully submitted that the conditions now prevailing do not justify the withdrawal of the privilege of exchange compensation in the solitary instance in which Indian Officers now benefit.\n\n12. The relative position of the dollar in relation to the Rupee at the time when the principle of exchange compensation was first applied to Indian Officers on pension, namely in 1930, happens to be practically the same as it is at the present day, that is to say in the neighbourhood of 82 Rupees to Hong Kong $100.\n\n13. Whereas however in 1930 there was no limit to any upward trend in the value of the dollar which might result in the minimum conventional rate being exceeded, the present policy of the Government of Hong Kong to control the exchange value of the dollar, precludes such possibility, and the Indian pensioners cannot under prevailing conditions hope to receive more than the minimum conventional rate.\n\n14. In the case of European Officers who are paid on a sterling basis, the principle of exchange compensation is\n- 3 -",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-574-6 Hong Kong pensioners in India- rate of exchange 31-8-1938 - 26-10-1938.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 563473,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-574-6 Hong Kong pensioners in India- rate of exchange 31-8-1938 - 26-10-1938",
        "page_number": 43,
        "title": "CO129-574-6 Hong Kong pensioners in India- rate of exchange 31-8-1938 - 26-10-1938",
        "content_text": "## 41 \n\nEND \n\n2. \n\nThere is a strong case for reviewing the arrangements so far as existing pensioners are concerned. I do not think it can be argued that they have any legal right to payment on the basis of Hong Kong $100 = Rupees 1123. On the other hand the long continuance of that arrangement has no doubt given rise to expectations that it will be preserved indefinitely. On the whole it appears to me that it would be equitable to compromise and to pay pensions in India in future, in all cases where the pension was granted before 1st September, 1938, at a fixed rate of $1 = Rupee 1. I shall be glad to know whether you approve.\n\nI have the honour to be, \n\nSir, \n\nYour most obedient, humble servant, \n\n### 6. As houtwert \n\n**Governor**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-574-6 Hong Kong pensioners in India- rate of exchange 31-8-1938 - 26-10-1938.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 585446,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-601-1 Salaries Commission- currency basis of emolument 9-1-1948 - 5-6-1948",
        "page_number": 20,
        "title": "CO129-601-1 Salaries Commission- currency basis of emolument 9-1-1948 - 5-6-1948",
        "content_text": "## Mr. Fairclough \n## Mr. Whittle \n## Mr. Bourdillon \n\nI think you should see No. 16, which answers Mr. Wallace's letter at No. 14. If I remember correctly certain Ceylon Government officers appointed before a certain date retained the right, when the value of the rupee was fixed at 1s. 6d., to have their pensions paid at that old rate. Presumably, pensions paid in other dollar currencies tied to sterling are paid at a fixed rate of exchange which is not likely to be liable to any fluctuation, e.g., in the West Indies. (The position in Malaya is explained at No. 5 on this file.) But there, I presume, that fixed rate is, in fact, the Government rate, while here the proposal, if I understand it correctly, is that the rate should be fixed although the Hong Kong Government rate might vary.\n\nI am not sure that I agree with the view at \"X\" in Mr. King's minute of the 5th April. To propose new salaries but to leave the future pension position, as it were, unsafeguarded does not seem to me to be entirely reasonable.\n\nPlease see attached.\n\n13.5.1948.\n\nPage 20\nPage 21",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-601-1 Salaries Commission- currency basis of emolument 9-1-1948 - 5-6-1948.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 585462,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-601-1 Salaries Commission- currency basis of emolument 9-1-1948 - 5-6-1948",
        "page_number": 36,
        "title": "CO129-601-1 Salaries Commission- currency basis of emolument 9-1-1948 - 5-6-1948",
        "content_text": "# COLONIAL PENSIONS CURRENCY\n\nThe currency and pension payment practices for various colonies are as follows:\n\n## Currency and Pension Practices by Colony\n\n| Colony        | Currency Details                                      | Pension Payment Practices                                   |\n|---------------|------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|\n| British Honduras | Dollar linked to U.S. dollar                        | Pensions awarded in dollars, converted at prevailing rate  |\n| Fiji          | Fiji currency (£111 = £100 sterling)                | Pensions awarded in Fiji currency, converted at prevailing rate |\n| Mauritius     | Expressed in rupees or sterling; Rupee fixed at 1/6 |                                                         |\n| West Indies   | Dollar (e.g., Trinidad) with rate stabilised at 4.80 to £1 | Pensions normally awarded and paid in sterling or locally in dollars |\n| Malaya        |                                                      |                                                         |\n| Ceylon        |                                                      | Pensions awarded locally in rupees; paid in U.K. at Rs. 1 = 1/6; 1/4 rate used for local income tax |\n| Palestine     | Palestine currency pound                            | Pensions awarded and notified in Palestine currency        |\n\n## Detailed Practices\n\n### British Honduras\nThe B.H. dollar is linked with the U.S. dollar. Pensions are awarded in dollars (never in sterling) and if paid in this country are converted at the rate of exchange prevailing at the date of payment. (The U.S. dollar rate for some considerable time has been £1 = 4.03 dollars)\n\n### Fiji\nPensions are awarded in Fiji currency (£111 Fiji = £100 sterling) and when paid in this country are converted at the rate prevailing at date of payment.\n\n### Mauritius\nExpressed either in rupees or sterling. The Rupee is fixed at 1/6.\n\n### West Indies\nWhere the local currency is the dollar, the rate of exchange is stabilised at 4.80 to £1. (e.g., Trinidad). Pensions are normally awarded and paid in sterling. In some cases, pensions are normally awarded locally in dollars, but it has been the practice to notify the pensioner in terms of sterling, and the dollar has always been taken as stabilised at 2/4.\n\n### Ceylon\nIn the Island, the Govt. pay at the rate of £1 = 15 rupees (Rs. 1 = 1/4). Pensions are normally paid in the U.K. at Rs. 1 = 1/6. For the purpose of Ceylon Income tax on pensions, if deducted locally, the 1/4 rate is used. If, however, Income tax is remitted from the U.K., the pensioner has to pay 1/6 for every rupee of tax due.\n\n### Palestine\nPension's awarded and notified in Palestine currency pound.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-601-1 Salaries Commission- currency basis of emolument 9-1-1948 - 5-6-1948.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 585499,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-601-1 Salaries Commission- currency basis of emolument 9-1-1948 - 5-6-1948",
        "page_number": 73,
        "title": "CO129-601-1 Salaries Commission- currency basis of emolument 9-1-1948 - 5-6-1948",
        "content_text": "## 73\n\n(2) In the case of officers (including Police) appointed to or brought on the Pensionable Establishment on or after the 25th August, 1902, only salary or personal allowance equivalent to salary will be reckoned as emoluments for pension purposes.\n\n(3) Officers on dollar salaries appointed since 1st August, 1901, are entitled to draw pension at the current rate of exchange or if they reside in a country for which a fixed rate of exchange has been authorised at such authorised rate. The following are the authorised rates referred to:- For India and other countries in which the Indian rupee is current, Rs.175 = $100; for the United Kingdom and countries in which the currency is in gold, $124 = £7.\n\nThe authorised rate of Rs.175 = $100 will not apply in the case of any future pension calculated on a retiring salary based on the Report of any Commission or Committee appointed subsequent to 1st January, 1918, to advise as to revision of salaries.\n\n(4) All officers appointed after 1st August, 1901, drawing dollar salaries and all officers drawing sterling salaries will draw pension at the current or authorised rate as the case may be.\n\n(5) Subject to the preceding paragraphs of this Order, an officer on retirement is entitled to receive pension in accordance with the regulations in force at the date of his appointment to the office held by him at the time of his retirement, or to another office of the same salary, unless the salary of the appointment has been increased at any one time during his tenure of the office by an amount greater than 10 per centum, in which case he is entitled only to receive pension in accordance with the regulations in force at the date from which he drew such increase.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-601-1 Salaries Commission- currency basis of emolument 9-1-1948 - 5-6-1948.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 587883,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-606-3 Treasury control over Hong Kong finances 14-1-1949 - 1-12-1949",
        "page_number": 9,
        "title": "CO129-606-3 Treasury control over Hong Kong finances 14-1-1949 - 1-12-1949",
        "content_text": "B/J. vide min. 23/3.\n\nRepee xl\n\n시\n\nsestaderochan. 12/4\n\namint of 23/3.\n\nof M'walker's\n\n9\n\nThe\n\nmiication\n\nto HK has wit\n\nyet\n\nmied;\n\nb.u\n\none month.\n\nBR\n\nB/J.\n\nar above.\n\nSastolders haw\n\n346571 12/4 12/5 19-5-49\n\n5. D.G.C.A.\n\nMr Palme\n\nThere\n\nambiguity abort.\n\ncertain\n\npara 3(4) of (25)\n\nthe 1948 file\n\nand HK.\n\nhave assumed\n\nto mea that\n\nPage 7\n\nan the authoring of the heq. Co is not required claim and te evenu\n\n10 heq.co.\n\nabandonment\n\nage 10\n\nThe\n\nculled wording was directly from Pars 9 of the Crailer Despatch (4)\n\naw Financial Devolution in Africa\n\nof which\n\n1948 file.\n\nwhat say copy appears at (20)\n\nmeaning is intended?\n\nBlanford 618\n\nwhen it is available\n\n2415 for please attach 15517/49\n\nPerhaps You x when it was purpured to apply a similar procedure To the Feduchow\n\n15517/18/49\n\nMr. Kirkness D.G.C.A.\n\n1. I am must apologise for the delay in dealing with this file but it seemed desirable to await the outcome of a similar enquiry from Malaya.\n\n2.\n\nParagraph 3(b) of No. 25 on the 1948 file is copied from paragraph 9 of our circular despatch of 16th June 1948 regarding financial devolution in the African Colonies. The Federation of Malaya has raised the question of the precise interpretation of that paragraph and in our reply to the Federation, (in the terms of which the Treasury concurred) we and replied\n\n\"It was my intention that if my authority for writes-off and abandonment of claims were no longer to be necessary, then, until a Public Accounts Committee is set up, approval of the Legislative Council should be\n\nage 10\n\nPage 11",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-606-3 Treasury control over Hong Kong finances 14-1-1949 - 1-12-1949.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    }
]