[
    {
        "id": 218961,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "page_number": 287,
        "title": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844",
        "content_text": "A \n\n21th June Governor \n\nVictoria, Hongkong, \n\nLord \n\n1844. \n\nма 2.5. \n\nTo Stan in lay \n\nRecrived \n\nStating that there had been \n\nopportunity of deducting of L. Un 5u6 due \n\nthe Jun \n\nfrom the Surveyor General_ \n\nfor fees \n\non his Warrant. \n\nNo:26 \n\nCivil \n\nمیر ہوں \n\n1849 Hagkong \n\nRECEIVED \n\nOCT 3 \n\nMy Lord, \n\nReport \n\nGovernmunk House, hitére, Heughang, 214 Jeune, 1. \n\nShave the hover to enclose \n\n1841. \n\n! from Arplain Bruce, the sepornstendent of Police ie this Colony, with reference to a most daring attach. made by a large party of Chinese Cobbers on the premises of a private Merchant residing near \n\nWest Point. The resolute \n\nσυν \n\nactivity of the Police fortunately baffled. the attempt of the villains, of whom mu was shot dead, and many others wounded. Tregret to say \n\nthat a private of Police \n\nwas very severely hurt, though he is reported to be out of dangen \n\nSummediately thought it necestary \n\nThe Right Honorable, \n\nLord Marley, M.P. \n\nyo \n\n95, 95, \n\nto",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844.txt",
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    {
        "id": 226263,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-022 - Public Offices - 1847",
        "page_number": 392,
        "title": "CO129-022 - Public Offices - 1847",
        "content_text": "willingly\n\naccede to this request\n\n...\n\ncommonery\n\n23 Feb\n\nI presume that & Jay\n\n27\n\nH4 Sa\n\n391\n\nThere is\n\ngreat\n\nthere the official of\n\nto belie\n\nsights after\n\nMe O. J. Herbing labour\n\nwhats\n\nout\n\n...\n\nAve.\n\ndisease.\n\nDis\n\nmuch abater, &\n\nany permission engance\n\n29 resolute\n\nwe love cordially\n\npresses thick he will astrict seaweeds,\n\nWe stood for\n\nare home.\n\nDesire\n\nof Loving the extermination of such\n\nmantle massive\n\nwe gave any\n\npositive optical\n\nOh. 21.\n\nvery\n\n...\n\nHe sluggishly\n\nBCBvcdia Horry Alexander",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-022 - Public Offices - 1847.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 238779,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-056 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [6]",
        "page_number": 188,
        "title": "CO129-056 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [6]",
        "content_text": "8+\n\n£70212\n\nSHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.\n\nThe Hongkong Register.\n\nARRIVED.\n\n  \n    DATE\n    NAME\n    FROM\n    SAILED\n    CAPTAIN\n    CARGO\n    CONSIGNEE\n  \n  \n    May 10\n    Levant\n    Shanghai\n    April 29\n    Allmaun\n    Sundries\n    John Burd and Co\n  \n  \n    13\n    Eaglet\n    New York\n    Nov. 13\n    Smith\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    13\n    Eatont\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    Dent and Co\n  \n  \n    13\n    Vinder\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    Jardine, M. and Co\n  \n  \n    19\n    Wild Dayrell\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    Jardine, M. and Co\n  \n  \n    13\n    Masick\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    13\n    Melanie\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    13\n    Nina\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    14\n    Lanesfell\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    14\n    Antelope\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    14\n    Roehampton\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nPage 363\n\n  \n    DATE\n    NAME\n    FROM\n    SAILED\n    CAPTAIN\n    CARGO\n    CONSIGNEE\n  \n  \n    May 14\n    Evening Star\n    Shanghai\n    April 29\n    Roberts\n    \n    Lyall, Still and Co\n  \n  \n    14\n    Alligator\n    \n    \n    Mu\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    14\n    Casrier\n    \n    \n    Rodgers\n    \n    Fletcher and Co\n  \n  \n    14\n    Louise Sophie\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    16\n    Neptun\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    15\n    Sancho Panza\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    15\n    Daring\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    15\n    Bayadere\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    16\n    Resolute\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    15\n    P'engula\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nPage 363\n\n  \n    DATE\n    NAME\n    FROM\n    SAILED\n    CAPTAIN\n    CARGO\n    CONSIGNEE\n  \n  \n    May 10\n    Mazuppa\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    17\n    Hermanu\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    19\n    Surpos\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    19\n    Hervalos\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    16\n    Constancia\n    Amoy\n    April 29\n    Denia\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    18\n    Sen Rainger\n    \n    \n    Larpoor\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    April 29\n    Vindex\n    Shanghai\n    April 26\n    Shungase\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    27\n    Comet\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    28\n    Lorenza\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    May 7\n    Roa\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nSAILED.\n\n  \n    DATE\n    NAME\n    TON\n    MASTERS\n    FOR\n    CARGO\n    CONSIGNEE\n  \n  \n    May 8\n    Henry Miller\n    \n    Putt\n    Manila\n    Sundries\n    Dent and Co\n  \n  \n    12\n    Fncounter\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    12\n    Starr King\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    13\n    Congo\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nPage 364\n\n  \n    DATE\n    NAME\n    TON\n    MASTERS\n    FOR\n    CARGO\n    CONSIGNEE\n  \n  \n    May 14\n    Queen Margaret\n    538\n    Spence\n    Manila\n    Sundries\n    John Burd and Co\n  \n  \n    14\n    Hellespont\n    336\n    Keya\n    Shanghai\n    Sundries\n    L. J. Gutierrez\n  \n  \n    14\n    Cometa\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    14\n    Kroo!\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    14\n    Theodora\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    15\n    Ellen\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    15\n    Sophia Fraser\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    18\n    Black Warrior\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    18\n    Hamlison\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    18\n    Amistad\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nPage 364\n\n  \n    DATE\n    NAME\n    TON\n    MASTERS\n    FOR\n    CARGO\n    CONSIGNEE\n  \n  \n    May 18\n    Sarah Warren\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    18\n    Chieftain\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    18\n    Trees\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    18\n    Launceston\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nSHIPS OF WAR.\n\n  \n    GUNS\n    COMMANDER\n    AT\n  \n  \n    Pique, ship\n    36\n    F. W. Nickson\n    Hongkong\n  \n  \n    Bellona, ship\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Syblle, ship\n    \n    Comodore Elliot\n    \n  \n  \n    Christiana, barque\n    American\n    Bllis, Master\n    Hongkong\n  \n  \n    \n    18\n    Smith\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    Hon N. Stewart\n    \n  \n  \n    Sibylle, Frigate\n    50\n    Captain Maison\n    Japan\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    therve\n    \n  \n  \n    Virginie, Frigate\n    50\n    Captain Wilson\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    12\n    Bernard\n    Macao\n  \n  \n    \n    14\n    Bave\n    \n  \n  \n    Juzona, Frigate\n    Portagnese\n    20\n    Lopez\n    \n  \n\nMERCHANT VESSELS.\n\n  \n    DATE\n    NAME\n    AT\n    TON\n    MASTERS\n    CARGO\n    CONSIGNEE\n  \n  \n    April 29\n    Alligator, brig\n    Hongkong\n    189\n    Sinden\n    \n    Gibb, Livingston and Co\n  \n  \n    May 1\n    106\n    Caes\n    \n    Lyall, Still and Co\n    \n  \n  \n    5\n    11\n    Deza\n    \n    Order\n    \n  \n  \n    Sept. 26\n    43\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nNOTICES OF FIRMS.\n\nNOTICE\n\nMRS. MACKRILL SMITH is authorised to Sign the Name of our Firm in China.\n\nKING & Co.\n\nCanton, 13th March, 1856.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nMR. LUDWIG WIESE is admitted a Partner in our Firm.\n\nSIEMSSEN & Co.,\n\nCanton, 31st March, 1855.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nN. WEISMANN, is this day admitted a Partner in our Firm in China.\n\nREISS and Co.\n\nCanton, 1st May, 1855.\n\nTRUSTEES-Hon. DAVID JARDINE, Esq., U. D. W. McCALMONT\n\nE. Hon. W. T. MERCER Esq., R. H. WALES\n\nSuperintendent of the P. & G. Steam Navigation Company, &c., &c.\n\nTREASURER-G. BENTHAM, Esq.\n\nRESIDENT SURGEON-W. A. HARLAND, M.D.\n\nTERMS OF ADMISSION.\n\nPublic Wards..\n\nIntermediate Wards,\n\nPrivate Rooms,\n\n.. $1\n\nper day.\n\n.. $2\n\nper day.\n\n.. $5\n\nper day.\n\nPATIENTS are also admitted on deposits, at the following\n\nrates:-\n\nPublic Wards..\n\nIntermediate..\n\nPrivate Rooms,\n\n.. $16\n\n.. $20\n\n.. $30\n\nTO BE SOLD OR LET.\n\nApply to\n\nDROM, GRAY & Co.\n\nShaughae, 8th February, 1855.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nINSURANCES.\n\nTHE LONDON AND ORIENTAL STEAM TRANSIT INSURANCE OFFICE.\n\n(Established in 1843)\n\nNo. 1320\n\nROBERT S. WALLER, Hongkong.\n\nE. WANDEN, Shanghai.\n\nH.T. MASALL. Singapore.\n\nA. P. Love, Calcutta.\n\nROBERT FRANCK, Madras, or James Arnot, Bombay.\n\nJAMES HARTLEY & Co. London, 8th January, 1854.\n\nALLIANCE FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF LONDON.\n\nW. immediate cases, 4 STAMPED THE DWELLING HOUSE and BUSINESS PREMISES of the undersigned, together with the adjoining LAND in the rear of the Godowns, situated in a most eligible position, and fronting the River,\n\nCHINA for The above COMPANY, are prepared to accept ASSURANCES as follows:-\n\n1st-On Buildings of Brick or Stone, covered with Tiles, Slates, Metal, or other fire-resisting Material, together with their Contents, when such Buildings are isolated from all others,--Rate of Premium, 1 per cent per annum.\n\n2. On such Buildings and their Contents, when not so isolated, at per cent 2 per annum.\n\nAssurances for 6 Months 1, and for 3 Months §.\n\nAnnual rate will be charged.\n\nThe Captains or Consignees of Vessels must be responsible for the expenses of Patients sent by them to the HOSPITAL.\n\nTO LET.\n\nA Hospital Building to be receipted by the Superintendent only.\n\nSituated on part of Marine Lot No. 15. True Bay only.\n\nSHIPPING.\n\nSTEAM COMMUNICATION\n\nbetween\n\nHONGKONG AND CANTON,\n\nTUTE WILLAMETTE.\n\nCaptain W. Conrad, having been fitted up expressly for the River Passenger Traffic, will now run regularly between the above Places, as follows, viz:--\n\nFrom Hongkong to Canton.\n\nevery MONDAY & TUESDAY, at 6 o'clock ..\n\nFrom Canton to Hongkong.\n\nEvery TUESDAY & FRIDAY, at 6 o'clock ..\n\nFare for Passengers-\n\nEuropean, First-class,\n\nChinese,\n\n$5 each.\n\n$3 each.\n\nEuropean, Second-class,\n\nChinese,\n\n$2 each.\n\n$1 each.\n\nCHANGE FOR REFRESHMENTS, Breakfast, &c., (including Wine and Beer)...\n\n4d:1\n\nOwing to the Willamette's large Cargo Capacity, it is intended that she shall carry Cargo on Freight, as per separate Tariff, to be had on application to the Agents.\n\nCargo, when safely large quantities, will be delivered alongside Vessels, if practicable.\n\nTowage\n\nWill be furnished on Moderate Terms; and intending Consignees will, when possible, be informed by Circular as soon as any such Service has been engaged for.\n\nFor further particulars, apply to the Agents,\n\nROBERT S. WALKER, Hongkong,\n\nMAXIMILIAN FISCHER, Canton.\n\nHongkong, 24th December, 1855.\n\nNOTICES OF FIRMS.\n\nMR. A. J. CAMPBELL is authorized to sign our Firm\n\nFLETCHER. & Co.\n\nCanton, 1st February, 1856.\n\nNOTICE\n\nMR. JAMES McCORMICK, is authorized to sign our\n\nALVORD & Co.\n\nCanton, 12th January, 1856.\n\nTERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION to the HONGKONG REGISTER and OVERLAND REGISTER AND PRICE CURRENT-For One Year, $20; Six Months, $10; Three Months, $6. To the HONGKONG REGISTER For One Year, $12; Six Months, $7; Three Months, $4. To the OVERLAND REGISTER AND PRICE CURRENT also For One Year, $8; all payable in advance.\n\nAGENTS for the HONGKONG REGISTER and OVERLAND REGISTER AND PRICE CURRENT, -J. G. ANTHONS, Esq., London; Messrs. JARDINE, MATHESON & Co., Calcutta; Messrs. BORRADAILLE & Co. Bombay W. S. DUNCAN, Esq., Singapore; Messrs. THOMPSON, ROWES & Co., Batavia; J. P. FUDA, Esq. San Francisco.\n\nEdited, Printed, and Published by ROBERT STRACHAN, at the Hongkong Register Office: Gage Street,\n\nVictoria, Hongkong, Tuesday, May 20, 1856.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nMR. HERMAN NOTMAN, having taken charge of the\n\nAgency, has ceased to sign our Firm.\n\nMR. COYLE HEBBENBR has been authorised to sign with Firm, per Procuration\n\nL.E. LEBERT\n\nCanton, 8th December, 1855.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nOXFORD.\n\nFor particulars apply to\n\nJARDINE, MATHESON & Co.\n\nHongkong, 7th March 1855.\n\nFOR SALE,\n\nSUPERIOR TINTO and WHITE WINE, in Casks\n\nex Brigrs from Lisbon.\n\nApply to\n\nBRANDAO & Co., Canton,\n\nJ. C. LUIZ DA SILVA, Macao,\n\nM. DE CARVALHO, Hongkong,\n\nHongkong, 6th March, 1856.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nFRENCH COGNACS.\n\nCHAMPAGNE, BRANDY, PORT WINE, PALE and GOLD HERRIES,\n\nCLARETS of Superior quality, Chateau, Margaux, Mouton. St. Estephe, &c. Julian, and Leoville.\n\nApply in Hongkong and Canton\n\nLYALL, STILL & Co.\n\nHongkong, 7th September, 1855.\n\nFOR SALE,\n\n500 Bags Eureka Mill, Superfine Selected,\n\nSAN FRANCISCO FLOUR.\n\nApply to\n\nF. & D. N. CANJOC and Co.\n\nFR GRATIAM ANDERSON joined me as a Partner:\n\non the 1st of January last.\n\nThe business will be carried on in the name of D. W. MACKENZIE & Co.\n\nCanton, 5th March, 1856.\n\nD. W. MACKENZIE.\n\nALEX. WILSON, Agents, JARDINE, MATHESON & Co.'s Godowns,\n\nEast Point, 1st October, 1855.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nDESTROYERS and Labuan STEAMERS' QUALITY.\n\nApply to\n\nLINDSAY & Co.\n\nHongkong, October, 1855\n\nZINC SHEATHING, AND NAILS FOR SALE,\n\nWILLIAMS, ANTHON & Co.\n\nFOR SALE SUPERIOR MADEIRA in Pipes, Half and Quarter\n\nPipes, apply to\n\nALEX. WILSON, Messrs. JARDINE, MATHESON & Co.'s\n\nGodowns.\n\nEast Point, 1st October, 1855.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nSUPERIOR PORT WINE in quarter Casks, from the\n\nROYAL PORTO WINE COMPANY—just received.\n\nALEX WILSON, Messrs. JARDINE, MATHESON & Co.'s Godowns.\n\nEast Point, 15th February, 1856.\n\nINSURANCES.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nOf the 1st Class-Assurances, for the present, will be accepted to the extent of £10,000 only on one risk. And of the 2nd Class-To the extent of £8,000.\n\nAssurances on Buildings and their Contents when together form one Risk. Thus to above Sums may be underwritten either on a Building alone, or the Contents alone; or, part on the Building, and part on the Contents.\n\nNo Assurance is to be considered in force until the Premium be paid.\n\nAmongst other advantages of the Company, the Assured be entitled to participate in the Profits after Five successive payments.\n\nJARDINE, MATHESON & Co., Agents in China.\n\n[Hongkong, 1st January, 1845,\n\nLONDON AND ORIENTAL STEAM TRANSIT INSURANCE OFFICE.\n\nand after this day, M. MAXIMILIAN FISCHER\n\non\n\nCanton, is empowered to sign\n\nPOLICIES\n\nROBERT S. WALKER, Agent.\n\nHongkong, 3d March 1854.\n\nMISCELLANEOUS.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nTHE LIBRARY OF THE MORRISON EDUCATION SOCIETY, now deposited in a Room in the Chinese\n\nHall, is open every day, from 1 to 4 o'clock p.m., to Members of the Society, for the giving out and exchange of Books. Non-members of the Society, may obtain the advantages of the Library, on payment of an Annual Subscription of $5.\n\nBy order of the Trustees,\n\nHongkong, 28th October, 1855.\n\nJAMES LEGGE,\n\nSecretary\n\nHOME EDUCATION, CHELTENHAM.\n\nLADY, the Widow of a Clergyman, who has\n\nresided in the East, is desirous of receiving Pupils to educate with her own children, with the assistance of a resident Governess.\n\nFurther particulars and references will be obtained on application to the Hongkong Register Office.\n\nNOTICE\n\nTHE undersigned has received authority by the last Mail to make all LOSSES ON POLICIES issued here by the above Office, payable in THREE Months after notice, in place of Six Months as heretofore.\n\nHongkong. 6th June, 1856,\n\nNOTICE.\n\nROB. S. WALKER,\n\nAgent.\n\nLONDON ASSURANCE CORPORATION, Established by Charter 1720.\n\nTestimonial to be presented to Mr ROBERT RIENAECKEL, now lying at the \"VICTORIA LIBRARY\n\nRooms.\n\nFor Signature.\"\n\nHongkong, 1st March, 1856.\n\nBOARD AND EDUCATION.\n\nREV. ARTHUR TAYLOR, has a few vacancies for the Admission into his family of the children of English Parents at the Free Ports, who may be desirous of securing for them the comforts of a HOME, and the Advantages of a LIBERAL EDUCATION,\n\nFor Terms and Particulars apply at\n\nNo. 7 Queen Street, Victoria, HongKong.\n\nWHAT SHALL I Fr?--A young lady exiled in a\n\nPOLICIES to do something for a rash of red to the\n\nE undersigned.\n\nAgents at Hongkong for above Corporation, are prepared to ISSUE POLICIES AGAINST FIRE to the extent of £200,000, on any Building or on Merchandize in the same\n\nDENT & Co.\n\nHongkong, 12th April, 1855.\n\nI have been doctoring myself,' said the languid fair one, with a smile, to the bluff, though kind M. D. while he was feeling her pulse. Why I have taken Morrison's pills, Parr's pills, Cockle's pills, Allen and Bell's pills. Bell's balsam of liquorice, and Powell's cough electuary. I even med Beary's calcined magnesia, Fawcett's nervous pills, and Madam,\" interrupted the astonished doctor, all these to your complaint no good\" Now then what shall I take? inquired the patient. Take, exclaimed the doctor, eyeing her from head to feet, Take, echoed after a moment's reflection, take-why, take of\n\nyour stools!'\n\nNOTICE\n\nDAVID SASSOON, SONS & Co.\n\nCanton, 23d January, 1856.\n\nHONGKONG INSURANCE COMPANY.\n\nTHE undersigned hereby give notice, that on and after this date POLICIES will be granted in the above Office, payable in CASH and the various Agents, at THREE Months after first proper notice of Loss is given in lieu of Six Months as heretofore.\n\nHongkong, 13th December, 1854\n\nLINDSAY & Co.,\n\nSecretaries.\n\nWe conclude with the following, which we recommend particularly to all anxious mothers --\n\n\"One day, when Dr. Read was sitting with us, we saw from the open window his own little boy. about four years old, playing on the green with a large hatchet-\n\nWe pointed it out to the father, and urged him to go and take from his child so dangerous a play-thing.\n\n'Well now, I guess, if I did, he would find something else perhaps worse. You know that the other day he had got the percussion caps and gun-powder that your master Frank blew himself up with.' It is impossible to be always looking after them. They must take their chance.\"--(Mr. Beste, vol... 132\n\nCORRESPONDENTS of England.They told us how they should like to see England; but could not bear the idea of living there; and they asked us if we had no fear in living in England When we asked why, they said some of their priests told them that England was only a piece of land like an iceberg and just sticking out above the ice, and which might be overflowed or covered any night when there might be an extraordinary rough sea, which catastrophe they considered must at some time happen. 1 -Carr's Russia.",
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    {
        "id": 264172,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-110 - Others - 1865",
        "page_number": 88,
        "title": "CO129-110 - Others - 1865",
        "content_text": "86 \n\nc8 \n\nrespondents some time to carry it through by default. I also knew that Kemptner could not move in the suit against me because it had been made dependent on the result of the appeal. No sooner, however, did I come to the resolution of taking no further steps in the appeal than I was threatened with formal action at the suit of Kemptner. I have no doubt that Mr. Kingsmill, mistaking the effect produced by the Chief Justice's opinion, betrayed me to the other side and promoted Kemptner's suit against me. I say with much regret, but still with a strong conviction that, having in view all that has since incurred, this unfavorable conclusion must be pronounced inevitable and not uncharitable.\n\nI requested Mr. Kingsmill to let me have his Bill of Costs of the appeal. I had made up my mind to throw no more money after a bad case. I was frightened against my will, but I found myself resolute regarding Kemptner's suit. I was served with a paper which was meant to represent a writ for Kemptner's claim, but which I found was in every way informal and merely extracted out of the Lawyer's office; it is in the handwriting of Mr. Henry Caldwell, who now conducts cases and represents Mr. Woven. Mr. Kingsmill's attempts to frighten me were renewed but entirely failed.\n\nOn becoming acquainted with my intention to leave for England, he prepared for my signature certain documents (copies affixed `I`) the effect of which was to make over to Louise money and property amounting to thirty thousand dollars to meet the liabilities which might result from the suit of Kemptner. But Mr. Kingsmill, after my absence, actually proceeded with both processes. The appeal was brought to a hearing and, of course, decided against me; the case of Kemptner against me was also decided against me, as it was bound to be. \n\nKingsmill seems to have made a show of defence; there was a judgement entered, then it was set aside; there was a judgement in default of plea, again set aside, then demurred to, and so on.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-110 - Others - 1865.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 269460,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-121 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 82,
        "title": "CO129-121 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "The wound and the corroborative testimony of his Mate are conclusive, for unquestionably the Master did distinguish himself in strong contrast with all others similarly situated _since arrival here_ by the gallant and resolute efforts which he made to defend his vessel. It is very important that a marked distinction should be made between such a man and others who have contented themselves with a tame surrender of the property, which they were bound to defend, in the hope that their lives might be spared.\n\nA Governor should reward such bravery, not fusillanimity. This breeds a hope in which they were more than once deceived, as in cases of the \"Cart\" and \"Lubre\".\n\nIn the event hereafter of any crew exhibiting similar cowardice in refusing to obey the legitimate order of the Master of Ship to assist in defending their vessel, I shall not fail to bear in mind the opinion given in Mr Farrer's letter of the 19th last December to the Under Secretary for the Colonies as to the possibility of furnishing such crew, however...\n\nSecretary of State A 66 of 27th June and 138 of 15 October 1866.\n\nPage 78\n\nHowever, to follow the exact format required, here is the revised output in HTML:\n\nThe wound and the corroborative testimony of his Mate are conclusive, for unquestionably the Master did distinguish himself in strong contrast with all others similarly situated since arrival here by the gallant and resolute efforts which he made to defend his vessel. It is very important that a marked distinction should be made between such a man and others who have contented themselves with a tame surrender of the property, which they were bound to defend, in the hope that their lives might be spared.\n\nA Governor should reward bravery, not fusillanimity. This breeds a hope in which they were more than once deceived, as in cases of the \"Cart\" and \"Lubre\".\n\nIn the event hereafter of any crew exhibiting similar cowardice in refusing to obey the legitimate order of the Master of Ship to assist in defending their vessel, I shall not fail to bear in mind the opinion given in Mr Farrer's letter of the 19th last December to the Under Secretary for the Colonies as to the possibility of furnishing such crew, however...\n\nSecretary of State A66 of 27th June and 138 of 15 October 1866.\n\nPage 78",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-121 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [3-4].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 271194,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-125 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [10-11]",
        "page_number": 150,
        "title": "CO129-125 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [10-11]",
        "content_text": "## No. 7. RETURN of EMIGRANT SHIPs cleared by the Emigration Officer, Hong Kong, during the Year ending 31st December, 1866.\n\n### ADULTS. CHILDREN.\n\n| No. | DATE ARRIVED | SHIP'S NAME | TONS | Colors | MASTER'S NAME | WHERE FROM | REMARKS | ADULTS | CHILDREN |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | M. F | M. F |\n|  | Brought forward |  | 35,110 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 1 | June 23 | Seaman's Bride | 841 | Siamese | Booth Slutt | Bangkok |  | 201 |  | 3,831 |  |\n| 2 | April 5 | St. Vicente Ferreira |  |  |  |  | 1866 |  |  |  |  |\n| 3 | May 8 | Garland | 41 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |\n| 4 | May 11 | Aline |  |  |  |  | 'th |  |  |  |  |\n| 5 | June 12 | Vortigern |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  |\n| 6 | June 14 |  |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  |\n| 7 | July 11 | Mary Frances |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  |  |\n| 8 | Sept. 17 |  |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  |  |\n| 9 | October 19 | Whirlwind | 888 | London | R. Hughes | Surinam, Dutch Guiana | 295 | 100 | 14 | 28 |\n| 10 | January 1 | Maria Ross | 340 |  | D. Ross | Melbourne | 200 | 24 |  |  |\n| 11 | February 4 | Golden Horn | 476 | Honolul | Molsen | Singapore |  |  |  |  |\n| 12 | March 14 | Joshua Bates | 118 | Portuguese | Dos Santos | Hamburg | 400 |  |  |  |\n| 13 | March 26 | Windward | 52 |  | I.. Gode |  | 17 |  |  |  |\n| 14 | March 28 | Pleindes | 805 | Liverpool | P. Slaughter | Labuan | 105 | 39 | 18 |  |\n| 15 | March 29 | Fairlight | 1,940 | Walwrk | J. F. Rice |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 16 | April 4 | las GreenDiao | 1,114 | Londou | H. E. Kier | Hamburg | 007 |  |  |  |\n| 17 | April 11 | General van der Beck | 660 | Melbourue | Win. Cotter | Melbourne | 782 | New York |  |  |\n| 18 | April 13 | Ellent | 617 | Hamborg | W. Bush | Hongkong | 466 |  |  |  |\n| 19 | April 25 | Spray of the Ocean | 750 | Calcutta | C. H. Barrett | Bangkok | 867 |  |  |  |\n| 20 | May 18 | Bunker Hill | 998 | American | Davis | San Francisco | 70 | 642 | Rotterdam |  |\n| 21 | May 18 | Denmark | 244 | Thanis | G. Baker | Pretor | 615 | 200 | British |  |\n| 22 | May 24 | Agamemnon | 276 | Bremen | Bommerman | Melbourne | 201 |  |  |  |\n| 23 | May 26 | Alice Ball | 700 | American | Ross | Singapore | 100 | 183 | 20 | 2 |\n| 24 | May 29 | Happy | 860 | Siamese | Brighton | Bangkok | 24 | 315 | 4 |  |\n| 25 | June 2 | Princess Seraphie |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  |\n| 26 | June 5 | Palais Galien | 469 | French | Rohort | Saigon | 25 | 398 | 0 |  |\n| 27 | June 9 | Eugene Adela | 436 |  | Gero |  | 201 |  |  |  |\n| 28 | June 20 | Varna | 863 | $67 | American | 631 | New York | E. Wilinms | Melbourne | 170 |\n| 29 | June 28 | Douglas | 1,031 | 806 | Adelaide | N. S. Hedstroma | San Francisco | 243 | 16 | 18 |\n| 30 | July 1 | Didjan | 500 | Siamese | Whigan Koss Trodenhas | Bangkok | 100 | 28 |  |  |\n| 31 | July 18 | Sam Bina | 1,170 | French | De Laine | Saigon | 2) | San Francisco | A2 |  |\n| 32 | July 28 | Fearless | 900 | American | I. Drew | San Francisco and Honolulu | 58 | 22 |  |  |\n| 33 | July 28 | Resolute | 800 | Siamese | Euzaierre | Bangkok | 120 | 28 |  |  |\n| 34 | August 3 | Spray of the Ocean | 805 | Liverpool | P. Slaughter | Melbourne | 100 | 37 | 3 |  |\n| 35 | August 11 | Antonio Petronella |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 36 | August 17 | Alice Ball | 700 | American | Ross | Singapore | 100 |  |  |  |\n| 37 | August 28 | Metie |  | GIZ | Hamburg | Nicholson | Singapore |  |  |  |\n|  | TOTAL TONNAGE |  | 15,921 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | TOTAL PASSENGERS |  | 4,671 | 240 | 196 | 29 |  |  |  |  |\n\n### SUMMARY.\n\n| SHIP'S NAME | TONS | Colors | MASTER'S NAME | WHERE FROM | WHITHER BOUND | REMARKS | ADULTS | CHILDREN |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | M. F | M. F |\n| Rapid | 429 |  | Carlos |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |\n| Chia Alpine | $49 | British |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Thunder | 500 |  | Hutchinsen | Singapore |  | 45 |  |  |  |\n| Sea Forth | 600 | Siamese | W. A. Took | Bangkok |  | 23 | 594 | 203 | 28 |\n| Contest | 386 |  |  | San Francisco |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Comet | 507 |  | Moller | Sehwool |  | 20 |  |  |  |\n| Ocean Queen | 492 | Siantese | Elzier | Theopson | Saigon | 25 |  |  |  |\n| Kim-huye | 860 |  | Jissen |  | 50 |  | 17 |  |  |\n| Alardus | 813 | Hamburg | Popp | Singapore |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Walter | 287 | Siamese | Wotherspoon | Bangkok |  | 201 |  |  |  |\n| Resolution | 816 |  | MeKay |  | 601 | 34 |  |  |  |\n| Pet | 869 | British | Wassen | Singapore |  | R |  |  |  |\n| Indian Warrior | 564 | Siamese | Young | Bangkok |  | 35 |  |  |  |\n| Martha Kidont | 788 | American | Jaltesen | Singapore |  | 132 |  |  |  |\n| Imperatrice | 990 | French | Macnire | Saigon |  | 107i |  |  |  |\n| Pedro Primeiro | 1,484 | Portuguese | A. Fulle | San Francisco |  | 178 |  |  |  |\n| Castle | 975 | Siamese | Gergg | Bangkok |  | 60 |  |  |  |\n\nH. G. THOMSETT, Emigration Officer, &c.\n\n## No. 8.-RETURN of VESSELS bringing Chinese Passengers to the Port of Victoria, Hong Kong, from Places out of China, during the Year ending 31st December, 1866.\n\n### ADULTS. CHILDREN.\n\n| No. | DATE ARRIVED | SHIP'S NAME | TONS | Colors | MASTER'S NAME | WHERE FROM | REMARKS | ADULTS | CHILDREN |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | M. F | M. F |\n| 1 | September | Kriver | 777 | British | Bolton | Singapore | 50 | 11 | 3 |\n| 2 |  | Lightning | 316 |  | Rogers |  |  |  |  |\n| 3 |  | Bentik | 540 | Siamese | Hatbekost | Bangkok | 543 | 11 |  |\n| 4 |  | Light of the Age | 1,287 | British | F. &. Porter | New Castle, N.S.W. |  |  |  |\n| 5 |  | Passe Partout | 201 |  | Forrett | Bombay | Sal | +1 |  |\n| 6 |  | Bangkok | 209 | French | Chappot | Saigon | 92 | 105 | 10 |\n| 7 |  | Cello | 321 | Hanoverian | Lurhoff | Singapore | 108] | 11 | 1 |\n| 8 |  | Royal Eagle | 307 | British | Bargen |  | 40 |  |  |\n| 9 | 1866. January 1 | Eastward Ho | 607 | British | E. F. Byrne | Sydney | 52 | Á |  |\n| 10 | January 20 | Windward | 782 | American | Barrett | San Francisco | 72 |  |  |\n| 11 | February 8 | Thunder |  |  | Taylor | Singapore | 30 |  |  |\n| 12 | February 13 | Dorsead | 610 | Prussian | Malchow |  | 3 |  |  |\n| 13 | February 10 | Fairlight | 588 |  | W. Bush | San Francisco | 104 |  |  |\n| 14 | February 24 | Viscount Canning | 531 | Siamese | 'T. Beinroth | Singapore Bangkok | 50 | 100 |  |\n| 15 | February 25 | Canton | 797 |  | Heinschott |  | 50 |  |  |\n| 16 | March 15 | Golden Horn | 1,114 | British | J. F. Rice | Melbourne | 460 | 18 |  |\n| 17 | March 18 | G Wressel Castle | 250 | British | Harely |  |  |  |  |\n| 18 | March 18 | A. M. Lawrenco | 606 | American | Taylor | San Francisco | 193 |  |  |\n| 19 | March 20 | Joshua Bates |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |\n| 20 | March 21 | Uncewah | 3X9 | Italian | Thomaz Ordan |  | 382 | $114 |  |\n| 21 | March 27 | Arabia | 661 | 1,050 |  |  | 79 | 35 |  |\n| 22 | April 2 | Alphe | 900 | French | De L'Escaille | Saigon | 63 | 16 |  |\n| 23 | April 8 | Tem Chang | 180 |  | J. B. Sydserff | Suigon |  |  |  |\n| 24 | April 9 | Gravina |  |  | J. Maddison | Melbourne |  |  |  |\n| 25 | April 11 | Clan Alpine | 360 | Spanish | 949 | British | 11 |  |  |\n| 26 | April 27 | Elfn | 165 |  | Poente | Thomas | Manila |  |  |\n| 27 | April 27 | Annita | 306 |  | S. A. Pulis | Saigon | 561 |  |  |\n| 28 | November 5 | Sca Serpent | 974 | American | Bolcon | Winsor | Singapore | 40 |  |\n| 29 | November 12 | Patino | 1,200 | Spanish | S. de Castro | Mabiis |  |  |  |\n| 30 | November 28 | Caroline Chisholm | 345 | British | II. S. Deane | Singapore |  |  |  |\n| 31 | March 4 | Viscount Canning | 560 | Siamese | Shannon | Bangkok | 60 | 1 |  |\n| 32 | March 13 | Catherine Apear | 810 |  | Swanson | 301 | * | 1 |  |\n| 33 | March 27 | Teresa | 1,094 | Italian | S. Bollo | San Francisco | 464 | D |  |\n| 34 | April 12 | Canuar | 840 |  | W. Wilson | Sydney | 147 |  |  |\n| 35 | April 15 | Imperatrice | 10 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |\n| 36 | April 15 | Far East | 1,551 | French | Macaire | Saigon | 122 |  |  |\n| 37 | April 22 | Chelse | $1 |  | W. J. Lowa | Melbourne | 30% | T |  |\n| 38 | April 26 | Telegraph | 302 | Siamese |  |  | 18 | \" |  |\n| 39 | April 26 | Bobert Lowe |  |  |  |  | 10 | T |  |\n| 40 | April 26 | Empress of India | 1,497 | British | Henry Jones |  |  |  |  |\n| 41 | May 26 | Galileo | 800 | Italian | Spliola | San Francisco | 307) |  |  |\n| 42 | December 14 | Clan Alpine | 949 | British | Hutchinson | Singapore | 40 |  |  |\n| 43 | December 18 | Benares | 1,491 |  | J. Laing |  | 50 | 12 |  |\n| 44 | December 20 | White Swallow | 985 | American | C. C. Knowles | San Francisco |  |  |  |\n\n### SUMMARY.\n\n| SHIP'S NAME | TONS | Colors | MASTER'S NAME | WHERE FROM | REMARKS | ADULTS | CHILDREN |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | M. F | M. F |\n| Reiver | 777 |  | Bolton | Singapore | 17 | 40i |  |\n| United Service | 600 |  | Browne |  |  |  |  |\n| Meridian | 300 | Siamese | Heynolds | Bangkok | 20: | \"J |  |\n| Der Sud | 610 | Prassian | Malchow | Singapore | 387 |  |  |\n| Shooting Star | €20 | Siamese | Hochronter | Bangkok | 63 |  |  |\n| Donnai | 1,699 | French | Bourdon | Saigon | 71 |  |  |\n| Rattler | 908 | American | Marsh | San Francisco | 37 |  |  |\n| Spray of the Ocean | 805 | British | Slaughter | Singapore | 51 |  |  |\n| Randy | 632 | Siamese | Hanson | Bengkok | 20 |  |  |\n| Clan Alpine | 945 | British | Hutchinson | Singapore | 37 | $2 |  |\n| Tie Wat | 604 | Siamese | Luis | Bangkok | 33 |  |  |\n| Ottawa | 900 | British | Fastley | Singapore | 30 |  |  |\n| Suoma | 792 | Russian |  |  | 35 | $7 |  |\n| Eagle | 845 | British | N. Langlois |  | 36 |  |  |\n| John Bright | 677 |  | Nordberg | J. E. Bentham | ** | zoi |  |\n| Solent | 782 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Excelsior | 345 | Dutch | Wynbrock | Batavia | 24 | 17 |  |\n| Moonlight | SOU | Siamese | Jurgenson | Bangkok | 20 | 40 |  |\n| St. Paul | 286 |  | Leyseri |  | 71 | 41 |  |\n| Senator | 382 |  | Wichers |  | 1 | 42 |  |\n| Rodrigo | 200 | Spanish | Gorado | Manila | B | 48 |  |\n| Oceanis | 1,158 | Dutch | Dirkzan | Singapore | C | 44 |  |\n| A. E. Vidal | 381 | Hamburg | C W. Rehse | Saigon | D | ++ |  |\n| Albert Victor | 838 | British | A. Overbury | Singapore | JE | 77 |  |\n| Chase | 284 |  | J. Hamilton | Manila | F | 17 |  |\n| Tye-long | 478 | Siameso | 0. Demsky | Bangkok | G |  |  |\n| Swiftsure | 219 | British | Struckman | Saigon | B | 49 |  |\n| Braganza |  |  | Shiriton | Sarawak | 30 | I |  |\n| Hyacinth | 824 |  | McFarlane | Sydney | 110 | G |  |\n|  | TOTAL TONS |  | 83,079 |  |  |  |  |\n|  | TOTAL PASSENGERS |  | 9,247 | 21 |  |  |  |\n\nH. G. THOMSETT, Emigration Officer, &c.\n\n### Page 149\n\n### Page 150\n### Page 151",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-125 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [10-11].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 271244,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-125 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [10-11]",
        "page_number": 200,
        "title": "CO129-125 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [10-11]",
        "content_text": "needed on this houd, it \n\nمصور \n\nhas ecen abundantly supplied by the resolute and persistent reposal of the Government to ratify the Portuguese treaty. from the \n\nthe moment th \n\nthey \n\ndissevered that the Portug \n\nversion \n\ntecve \n\nsion might be interpreted \n\nهم شیر تم میں اسلام کا نمبر \n\na \n\ncession of Macao, \n\nor at least a post facto recognition \n\nof luopul possession, notwithstanding \n\nbey \n\ndte \n\nwell \n\ntxare \n\nit has in \n\nreality long passed from their hands, and to all appearance irrecoverably \n\n10. \n\nIf a Foreign Power, therefore, \n\ndesire the possession of any portion \n\n199 \n\nof this territory not already obtained, however isolated it may be, \n\nworthless themselves, there is only \n\none means \n\nchance \n\nto the Chinese \n\nexce \n\noffering the slightest \n\nof success. \n\nand that is \n\nthe employment of force. Islands or portions of the mainland \n\nmay \n\nbe \n\ntaken without the consent \n\nof the Government; but \n\nwill certainly not be ceded as \n\nduring \n\nthe \n\nminority of the \n\nEmperor and the feeble \n\nRegency \n\n\"Whether it might be \n\npossible at the approaching \n\nrevision \n\nof the Treaty \n\nto obtain",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-125 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [10-11].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 274874,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-132 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 94,
        "title": "CO129-132 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "## 92 \n\nof Passage boats along the great lines of water communication. His advertisements and circulars, whereby to recruit Emigrants, he induces these numbers of passengers to obtain passage as Emigrants, and evidently for his own pecuniary advantage. This is apparent from the report of the Independent Inspectors, that the Tapoyers held out inducements to the men to come to the Canton Depôt, where they were maintained, and had an indirect interest in procuring Emigrants for the Canton Depôt.\n\n### \n\nThe true method of preventing them from abusing their trust would, I believe, be found in the exercise of a strict surveillance at the Depôt, such as I have already actuated.\n\n18. There are many persons visiting Canton, whether their object in visiting be or be not for the purpose of Emigration (and M. Austin informs me that of those received into and maintained at the depôt, 75 per cent may be classed under the latter head), it is clear that these Agents have a direct interest in the passage money. In the same way, it would be found that numbers of Chinese had a direct interest.\n\nThere is always ample power in a Governor mindful of his duty to put down abuses, as was seen at Macao under the present Governor, Admiral de Souza, who is showing that a resolute will can do there what was deemed previously impossible. Whilst I can at least venture to guarantee that Emigration here will not be abused when the new Ordinance is passed, for the deportation...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-132 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [8-9].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 277736,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-136 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 209,
        "title": "CO129-136 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "But it can be seen from Hong Kong, that there was no torture.\n\nBal. the disposal of pirates when captured as a general principle, is not suffering from this difficulty & dealing with our fast is losing a lot of them.\n\nThey have thought. I 1.7. their properly dealt with there.\n\nThe question can hardly be considered however until it is known whether the Chinese fort will cooperate, so this point may have nothing further to do with the consecration of what plan it is best to try Channel pirate, in the men water.\n\n# Confidential\n\nMINUTE PAPER.\n\nfrom the Governor's Office.\n\n11/4\n\nI think with Ackersted's and observe that it doesn't appear to be an instruction that to W. of B.\n\nCras or iar not.\n\nIt will be a misconception. practical F.R.\n\nWhen 2 7.0. Ie inft.\n\nsend Resolute. It mode of deal with themin priate when cathund British Coujin thought to Hong Kong apparent nav.\n\nIn question there is not a has bun.\n\nDoubl. 3 vester By Thall a that t be so bright L.H.K. to the Venci handed om Vities.\n\nautls-\n\nThis dish will remain with the opinions? caft pe consideration, then that guiden levion.\n\nwm 14/4.\n\nCA 06 13/4 41814 205",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-136 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [1-3].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 282360,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-145 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [6-9]",
        "page_number": 487,
        "title": "CO129-145 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [6-9]",
        "content_text": "479\n\nAn irregular fringe surrounded the boiling mass of water; the spray in many instances went up sheer forty or fifty feet on the houses fronting the Praya; and the wild, crest-ed breakers bore possibly a wilder appearance than they have assumed for very many years.\n\nFrom the direction of the wind and other indications familiar to the nautical observer, it is presumed that the typhoon now honoring us with a call sprung into existence somewhere on the Coast of Japan. Being of enormous calibre and travelling very slowly, it made its way southward to the eastward of Formosa and entered the China seas through the Bashoe Channel. The course it was taking would have brought the centre nearly directly over Hongkong, but it is supposed that, impinging on Formosa, it received a cant which threw it out of its direct course, and fortunately for us, it passed to the eastward, though quite close enough to be pleasant.\n\nMr Hook's cargo boats rode out the gale hopefully in the earlier part of the day; but as the gale rose to its greatest height, masts were cut away, and at last they got adrift onto the Bund. The scene at this stage was a most exciting one. A crowd of residents, a number of soldiers, and a few policemen had assembled opposite Messrs Smith Archer's building to assist in getting ashore the crews of these unwieldy craft. By means of ropes and other appliances, all were landed from one boat; and during this difficult task, one of the 75th men fell or was swept amongst the debris close to the sea wall. Amongst the blinding spray, the poor fellow was rescued from what must have been a certain death, amid the general plaudits and congratulations of the assembled crowd. The soldiers, police, and residents worked at this stage with a right good will and were amply rewarded for their heavy drenching by the salvage of a goodly number of native men and women. It was curious to note the strong desire evinced by the natives to salve their goods and chattels; and one female refused to leave the boat until a resolute boatman got back and fetched her away in a very plucky manner.\n\nAbout three o'clock, the squalls appeared to lose in violence; but as the table given below will show, the barometer still continued to fall:-\n\n| Date | Time | Barometer |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Sept. 26 | 9 a.m. | 29.06 |\n|  | 2 p.m. | 29.39 |\n|  | 3 p.m. | 29.35 |\n|  | 4 p.m. | 29.33 |\n|  | 7.5 | 29.23 |\n|  | 8 | 29.25 |\n|  | 9 | 29.25 |\n|  | 10 | 29.23 |\n|  | 11 | 29.17 |\n|  | 12 m. | 29.08 |\n|  | 1 p.m. | 29.07 |\n|  | 2 | 29.05 |\n|  | 3 | 29.04 |\n|  | 3 | 29.00 |\n\nThe lull was only the usual precursor of a change of wind and indicated that the centre of the storm was in our immediate vicinity. About 4:30, the gale recommenced, the wind coming heavily and steadily from E.S.E.; the glass has (as we go to press) evidently reached its lowest point - marking 29 on Falconer's standard glass - and shows symptoms of a rise. The height of the gale, therefore, has yet to come.\n\nThe Praya Wall, from Lane Crawford and Co's to the extreme west, is a mass of ruins; in some places cavities have been eaten out to the depth of from four to eight feet. To the westward of the Harbor Master's Office, great damage has been done both on shore and afloat. The streets are strewn with tiles, and a large number of Chinchew and coasting junks are piled upon the rocky beach outside the Bund.\n\nThe trees near the German Club have been dismembered, and others elsewhere have been torn up by the roots. The Public Gardens have been slightly damaged, and several trees on the Parade Ground and at Fedder's Wharf have also been broken or blown down.\n\nThrough the courtesy of the Police, we are informed that no telegrams of particular damage at the outstations have been received at the Central Station.\n\nThe damage to the Foreign shipping is inconsiderable, but the native craft have suffered severely. The greater part of the damage done was between the P. & O. Godowns and the Gas Works, where the sunken and disabled craft are numerous. The loss of life, though considerable, bears a small proportion to the number of lives in actual jeopardy. The wrecks of Chinchew junks and Macao and Canton Passage boats, many of them laden with valuable cargo, which strew the shore at the Westward, are painful to witness.\n\nMessrs Hook and Sons lost seven Cargo boats (six on this side and one at Kowloon) valued at about $9,000. The yacht Nemea was so badly damaged that she is not considered worth repairing. The large guano lighter belonging to Mr Tejerina was driven on the rocks opposite Ordnance Yard and is badly damaged. The schooner Gaviota, belonging to the same owners, was only saved from wreck by sacrificing her masts. The American ship Naples drove from her anchorage athwart the bows of the Colonial steamer Victoria, carrying away the bowsprit of the latter and doing her some other slight damage. The gunboat Bouncer dragged some distance but brought up without damage. The steamer Fizz was in great danger at one time but was saved without injury. The screw of the Delaware fouled with the chain of the Dong Wue and still remains in that condition.\n\nThe steamer Kinshun left Canton at her usual hour yesterday morning (26), but the wind rising rapidly and the glass falling, her commander judged it more prudent to run in at anchor under shelter, which he did at Chun Pih, where she lay until 6 this morning (27), when steam was got up, and she arrived at her wharf at 11:30 of that forenoon. No damage of any great amount was...",
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        "id": 282361,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-145 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [6-9]",
        "page_number": 488,
        "title": "CO129-145 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [6-9]",
        "content_text": "# Typhoon Report\n\nThe steamer **Fire Fly** reports that it blew terrifically at Macao. No damage was done to the European shipping, though considerable among the native craft. Several houses were blown down and considerable anxiety felt. The Praya wall was slightly damaged and some trees torn up by the roots, but the amount of injury sustained is reported inconsiderable. Barometer 28.95.\n\nThe barometrical readings given by us in our report above were those of the glass at Messrs Falconer & Co.'s, which is considered the best and most reliable in the Colony. Many private glasses fell much lower, and the aneroids, which are more sensitive, were jumping about during the storm, now up and now down.\n\nThe river steamer **Kinshan** reports that, at Canton, on the 26th, the wind was steadily N.E. during the morning, and much too strong for yachting purposes on the afternoon and evening of the 25th. She was compelled to anchor at Chun Pih (below the Bogue Forts) half an hour after noon, where she remained for eighteen hours, starting again about 6 a.m. of 27th. During this time the wind blew in terrific gusts; and the directions were as under:\n| Time | Direction |\n| --- | --- |\n| 26th, 2.80 p.m. | N. |\n| 3.30 | N.N.E. |\n| 4.90 | N.E. |\n| 7.30 | E. |\n| 11 | E.S.E. |\n| 27th, 2 a.m. | S.E. |\n| 8 | S.S.E. |\n| 8.30 | S. |\n\nThe lowest readings of the Barometer were observable between 4 and 8 p.m. of 26th, the glass having gone down to 29.12; and by 6 a.m. of the 27th, when the **Kinshan** resumed her voyage, it had risen to 29.40. The **Kinshan** also mentions having seen some wreck on the river; she likewise saw one or two boats adrift, evidently of foreign make, so that news of disasters at sea may yet be looked for.\n\nConsiderable damage is said to have been sustained at East Point; and the residence of Mr Smith, at the Sugar Refinery, has a clean breach through roof, ceilings, and floors. The tall chimney-stalk of the vacant Mint and that built for the Sugar Refinery were swinging to and fro like huge rocking-stones; but fortunately for all concerned they kept their balance well. It appears that the house formerly occupied by the Master of the Mint, and in which Mr Smith now resides, has been furnished with unusually tall chimney-shafts, say from eight to twelve feet; and when the wind veered round to the Eastward, it seems that one of these chimneys received the full force of the hurricane on its broadside. This mass of brickwork was blown on to and athwart the roof, and the debris found its way through three floors ere it reached the ground level. Mr S. and his wife had just risen from dinner, and a glass was whisked out of his hand by a passing tile, as he stood near the side-board. Fortunately, both escaped from harm, though the furniture has suffered greatly.\n\nDuring the efforts made by residents, soldiers, and police, on the afternoon of the 26th, to save life, many acts of daring were doubtless performed, mention of which may never reach the public ear. We may observe, however, that a party of gentlemen, headed apparently by Mr Craig (of the Chartered Mercantile Bank), did signal service at West Point, in saving a large number of natives from the shattered and sinking junks. At the Praya Central, where the successful efforts were made to save the occupants of Messrs Cook's cargo-boats, Mr A. L. Turner (of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank) nearly lost his life while foremost amongst the rescuers. A heavy sea swept him down amongst the drifting wreck at Russell's Jetty, and it was not without difficulty he was recovered from the swaying debris.\n\nLater on, in the evening, great interest was excited by an attempt, or rather a series of attempts, to save two women from a sampan off Bassoon's Jetty. The little craft was perhaps a hundred yards or more from the shore, and five or six rockets had been fired with lines attached, but had fallen short on account of the heavy gusts of wind. A party of gentlemen—consisting of Messrs A. M'Leod, J. M'Leod, George Glasse, and Edward Norton, with Mr C. Eichel (of the Hongkong Hotel) and another—manned a boat and essayed to go forth to the rescue of the poor women. But they had no sooner entered the boat than it became evident that she could not live, and the resolute crew had to get back to the jetty as best they could. The women were, we understand, all safe in the morning; and the incident is as creditable to all concerned as if they had been saved by the gentlemen named. The gig used, which was the property of McEwen & Co., was badly crushed; and a boat belonging to Mr Norton was stove during a previous endeavour to launch her.\n\nWe hear that the water-boat belonging to Messrs Blackhead & Co. made a stretch to seaward when the typhoon commenced, and was reported off the Brothers, some twelve miles distant, flying her house-flag as comfortably as possible. It is almost a pity that more of this class of boat did not go and do likewise.\n\nFears were entertained that the diving apparatus hitherto in use at the **Dunmail** wreck had been entirely lost; but we have since learnt that nearly everything had been recovered from the wrecked cargo-boat in which they were stowed. Two copper helmets (supposed to have been stolen by Chinese), and a coralet are missing, while one of the pipes has been cut. Mr Norton has lost his life boat, gig, dingy, and two large diving-boats; but as the diving apparatus is almost complete, the work will not be long delayed. Indeed, as about $140,000 worth of cargo has been already saved, there only remain about 300 tons of lead, 20 tons of nail rod iron, and a few cases copper to bring above water.\n\nAmong the most lamentable incidents of the typhoon is the wreck of the Siamese barque **Walter**. She seems to have been subjected to the full force of the hurricane. Her two chains were seen to part and she drifted. The captain hoisted sail, in the hope of clearing the harbour, but the barque struck the shore opposite Green Island. Most of the crew jumped on to land. The captain and mate (both Englishmen), with five native sailors, remained with the vessel. Their hope of saving her was destroyed, for she drifted away from shore and sunk. The captain and the remnant of the crew were saved, but the mate, whose name we have been unable to learn, was drowned.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 272,
        "title": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "## MINUTE PAPER\n267\n\nbecause \nit was known in Hong Kong that \nW. Hennessey would recommend Mr. Creagh \nSpecially \nThe latter was imported from India with \nthe Sikh Police \non a salary ranging from £500 \nto £650; he has now reached his maximum, \nand had he not acted as a Magistrate, one should say he had no particular claim to look for promotion beyond the Police.\n\nAs Mr. Meade affected a transfer from the Straits, Wrote to Sir W. Robinson to \nknow if there was \nanyone \nin the service \nthere who had special experience both \nofteur & Chinese, Halluded particularly to \nW. Skinner who was called to the bar before \nhe went to the Straits as a cadet in 1867. Annex Sir W. Robinson's reply. Though Mr. Skinner has no knowledge of Chinese language in his 11 years service at the Straits where he has \nbeen acting \nin many \ncapacities, \nit is seen that as a \nbarrister in \na great variety of offices he must have learnt a good deal of experience as to their habits & throwing him to have considerable ability, I believe he would do well at Hongkong.\n\nIt is difficult to promote Mr. Wodehouse with Ace of Mr. Hennessy's despatch (8907), I would telegraph Mr. Skinner's appointment. Jan 17/79.\n\nIt seems then is wavering against Mr. Creagh \nunless that he hardly has the ability, \na firm and resolute firmness required to make \na good Magistrate. \nHe has conducted himself well, and on the whole I hear & Meantime Mr. Skinner could in preference well be appointed in \nhis place.\n\nIn Plunket, the Registrar of the Supreme Court, \nproved himself a \nCapable, \nis a \nlonger \n& \nExcellent Magistrate in the Straits. He would \nmake \na good \nLaw Officer \nfor the Legislative Council. \nHe might be appointed to the same positions \nheld by the late Mr. Irwin, e.g., the Acting Chief Magistrate at $3840, and the Acting Treasurership at $960.\n\nAs to his present salary \nhe has \nfew \nequals \nChief \nRegistrar, \nnot Societies \nJudge \nof the Vice Admiralty Court, and that he is also Registrar. \nHe might like the change, though making a decrease of emolument; \n\nIf you do not think it desirable to offer...",
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    {
        "id": 303747,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 339,
        "title": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "# THE CHINA MAIL.\n\n## HONGKONG, MONDAY, MAY 5, 1879.\n\n### GENERAL GRANT IN HONGKONG,\n\n#### GRAND STATE DINNER AND RECEPTION AT GOVERNMENT HOUSE.\n\nOn Saturday evening a grand State dinner was given at Government House by the Governor and Mrs. Hennessy, in honour of General Grant; and afterwards a reception was held, which was one of the most brilliant and numerously attended that ever took place within these walls.\n\nThe following were the guests at the State Dinner:\n\n| Guest | Title/Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| General and Mrs. Grant |  |\n| The Duke of Magliano |  |\n| Don Giulio Grasioli |  |\n| Hon. A. E. Borie |  |\n| H. E. the Major General and Mrs. Donovani |  |\n| The Chief Justice Sir John Smale, and Lady Smale |  |\n| Commodore Smith, R.N. |  |\n| Hon. J. Russell, Acting Attorney-General |  |\n| Hon. P. Ryrie, MLC |  |\n| Hon. J. M. Price, Surveyor-General |  |\n| Hon. M. S. Tonnochy, Acting Colonial Treasurer |  |\n| Mr. Chester Holcombe, U.S. Chargé d'Affaires in China |  |\n| Lieut.-Col. F. D. Grant, U.S.A. |  |\n| Lieut.-Col. and Mrs. Geddes, 27th Inniskillings |  |\n| Captain Kasama, Japanese Navy |  |\n| Commander Perkins, United States Navy |  |\n| Commander Paul (H.B.M.'s Consul, Manila) and Mrs. Pauli |  |\n| Mr. Tara Ando, Japanese Consul, and Mrs. Tara Ando |  |\n| Commander Von Schuckmann, German Navy |  |\n| Captain Kerr, 27th Inniskillings |  |\n| Lieut. Drummond, Scots Fusilier Guards, A.D.C. |  |\n| Dr. J. M. Keating |  |\n| Mr. C. V. Creagh |  |\n| Mr. J. Russell Young |  |\n| Mr. J. Pitman |  |\n| Mr. G. De Champeaux |  |\n| Mr. Han Hap |  |\n| Mr. Ng Choy |  |\n| Major Palmer, R.E., A.D.C. |  |\n\nThe following ladies and gentlemen who had received invitations were, from various causes, unable to attend:\n\n- Bishop Burdon and Mrs. Burdon\n- Bishop Raimondi\n- Hon. H. W. Marsh, Colonial Secretary, and Mrs. Marsh\n- The Hon. I. B. Gibb\n- Colonel Moaby, U.S. Consul, Hongkong\n- Mr. Lincoln, U.S. Consul at Canton, and Mrs. Lincoln\n- Surgeon-Major Hungerford\n- Rev. R. Bayward Kidd, Colonial Chaplain, and Mrs. Kidd\n- Dr. Frederick Stewart\n- Captain Muskett, Army Pay Department\n\nThe following programme was played during dinner:\n\n1. Grand March, **David** \n2. Overture, **Absalom**, Longhurst\n3. Selection, **Das Nachtlager Kreutzer**\n4. Valse, **Kübezahll**, Flotow\n5. Selection, **in Granada**, ... Coote\n6. Polka, **Telephone**, Werner\n\nAfter the toast of **\"Her Majesty the Queen,\"** which was duly honoured in the usual way, the band playing **\"God Save the Queen,\"** His Excellency said:\n\nThe Governor of this Colony has from time to time had the privilege of welcoming, in the name of the whole community, distinguished visitors. One of the children of our Queen has been residing in this house, and my immediate predecessor entertained here a son of the Emperor of Russia. But I believe the young princes would be themselves among the first to say that the man whose health I am now about to propose, is the most illustrious guest that ever sat at this table. I do not refer so much to the military achievements which will for ever rank the name of Ulysses Grant with those of Washington, Wellington, and Napoleon, but to those other achievements, indicated by Lord Beaconsfield, when he truly said that the future of civilization is indissolubly bound up in the future of the United States - those other achievements, accomplished by the toleration, resolute strength, and love of justice of the statesman, when the sword of the soldier was laid aside.\n\nTwo years have gone since he first saw, at Yok harbour, the shores of the British Empire. During that time he has visited the Old World, breathed the Scotch air of his ancestors, and passed on from point to point of Queen Victoria's dominions; and now, on leaving this Island and crossing the Pacific to his own home, he is about to part with that Empire throughout the whole of which he has been received with one long ovation of respect and affection. As the Queen's representative, and in the name of every one in this Colony, I thank him for giving us this opportunity of showing him that we all appreciate his character and career.\n\nWill you forgive me, ladies and gentlemen, if I presume to add that there are one or two personal reasons also why it affords me peculiar pleasure to see General Grant at my table. During the whole of those ever-memorable years, from the day when he drilled his company of volunteers at Galena, to the capture of Richmond and the surrender of the rebel army, I was in a small way mixed up in public affairs in England, as a member of that assembly the power of which, for good or evil, is not confined within the bounds of England's Sovereignty. It is now a matter of history that in both Houses of the British Parliament there were friends and foes of Freedom, but we may recall with pride the fact that two men so diverse in person and disposition and party relations as John Bright and Benjamin Disraeli, were sagacious enough to know that the honour of their own Country and the welfare of the World were associated with the cause for which Ulysses Grant was contending.\n\nWhilst Bright was repairing the blunders of one or two eminent men of the Liberal party, the great Conservative Chief was, to my own personal knowledge, labouring night and day to counteract unreasoning prejudice amongst his own followers, and it is ever to me a source of intense satisfaction that, though in a very humble way no doubt, I was one of those members of the House of Commons who loyally supported his prudent and patriotic policy.\n\nBut this is not the only personal reason that is present to my mind to-night. I am a citizen of Cork. I come from that corner of the Old World, nearest, and not less dear, to the United States; and on behalf of my fellow citizens I now assure General Grant that in no part of the civilized globe would he have received a heartier welcome, if he had honoured us with a visit, than in my native city.\n\nI now invite you to drink his health, and will ask you not to forget the charming lady at my right, and her family; for, within the last few minutes, a telegram has reached them from London, announcing the birth of a grand-child, so that General Grant, though still comparatively a young man, younger indeed to-day than Washington when he first became President, has, as a grandfather, added another little link to unite the two countries together. I give you, with all my heart, the health of General Grant.\n\nGeneral Grant, in reply, said:\n\nI am very grateful to you for your kind address, to which I would be happy to respond, but there is so much personal and flattering to myself that I find it impossible. It is only a continuance of the kindness that I have... \n\nPage 334",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-192 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 106,
        "title": "CO129-192 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "It is annoying and irritating that every time I had met the Chief Justice in Chambers I had been insulted and sometimes grossly so, to an extent that was almost beyond endurance. I found that my appeals to His Excellency had been productive of no result, and that I was exposed to litigation and made personally liable for costs, and my position rapidly becoming more intolerable. I made an appeal to public opinion, the only controlling power that could secure to me respect without precipitating a crisis which was becoming ...\n\nI was questioned as to whether any of my proceedings had been taken except in open Court. I was resolute that all my proceedings should be before the public, not because I was less liable to be insulted, but because the bankruptcies and intestacies were all of a character requiring publicity in the interests of the parties concerned. It will be in the recollection of His Excellency that I made a suggestion as to further publicity being given in the case of Chinese intestacies long before any question had arisen, and I further communicated with S. Eitel on the subject.\n\nPage 102\n\n...becoming unbearable. I made an appeal to public opinion, the only controlling power that the Chief Justice could respect with a new hope...\n\nThe original text has been reordered and formatted for better readability. The original sentence structure and wording have been preserved as much as possible.\n\nhas been rewritten to \n\nIt is annoying and irritating that every time I had met the Chief Justice in Chambers I had been insulted and sometimes grossly so, to an extent that was almost beyond endurance. I found that my appeals to His Excellency had been productive of no result, and that I was exposed to litigation and made personally liable for costs, and my position rapidly becoming more intolerable. I made an appeal to public opinion, the only controlling power that could secure to me respect without precipitating a crisis which was becoming ...\n\nI was questioned as to whether any of my proceedings had been taken except in open Court. I was resolute that all my proceedings should be before the public, not because I was less liable to be insulted, but because the bankruptcies and intestacies were all of a character requiring publicity in the interests of the parties concerned. It will be in the recollection of His Excellency that I made a suggestion as to further publicity being given in the case of Chinese intestacies long before any question had arisen, and I further communicated with S. Eitel on the subject.\n\nPage 102\n\nto meet the exact output request in HTML using  for paragraphs.\n\nThe final output is \n\nIt is annoying and irritating that every time I had met the Chief Justice in Chambers I had been insulted and sometimes grossly so, to an extent that was almost beyond endurance. I found that my appeals to His Excellency had been productive of no result, and that I was exposed to litigation and made personally liable for costs, and my position rapidly becoming more intolerable. I made an appeal to public opinion, the only controlling power that could secure to me respect without precipitating a crisis which was becoming ...\n\nI was questioned as to whether any of my proceedings had been taken except in open Court. I was resolute that all my proceedings should be before the public, not because I was less liable to be insulted, but because the bankruptcies and intestacies were all of a character requiring publicity in the interests of the parties concerned. It will be in the recollection of His Excellency that I made a suggestion as to further publicity being given in the case of Chinese intestacies long before any question had arisen, and I further communicated with S. Eitel on the subject.\n\nPage 102",
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    {
        "id": 317897,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 148,
        "title": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "# THE CHINA REVIEW\n\n## immense\n\nand not to proceed to any distance from town alone, on account of the island being infested with robbers. In 1848 an attempt was made to poison 25 soldiers of the Royal Artillery. In 1853 more than 70 cases of piracy occurred in the neighbourhood of Hongkong, whilst the number of robberies from houses and from the person which were daily reported was almost incredible. In 1854 the whole of the European population was thrown into an abject state of terror by the rumoured approach of a piratical fleet, and several hundred armed Chinese, preparing for an attack on Kaulung, were captured in the streets of Hongkong. In 1857 incendiarism was flourishing in Hongkong, piracies were recorded almost every week, an attempt was made to poison the whole foreign community, and in December that year the Government, fearing a general emeute of the Chinese population, had to issue a notification stating that, at the Central Police Station, one hundred stand of arms complete, with appointments and ammunition, were ready for the use of that portion of the Foreign Community who were unprovided with fire-arms.” These facts require no comment. Let the philanthropist say what his good nature dictates as to the orderly character of the ordinary Chinaman, but the past history of Hongkong shows plainly that the \"heathen Chinee\" is a good-natured harmless individual enough till the devil is roused in him by misfortune, bad example, temptation or misgovernment.\n\n## \n\nNow what did the Hongkong Government do for the native population during this first period of the history of Hongkong? Laws were made for them, police regulations were framed, revised, recast; Ordinances were published without number, some of which were indeed published in Chinese but worded so obscurely that, on several occasions, the badness of the translation produced misunderstandings, which ended in riots and bloodshed. Education, schools for the children of the native or foreign population, appear to have never occurred to the Government, or at any rate no attempt was made in such a direction, till, full fourteen years after the occupation of Hongkong, a public meeting was held on 6th March 1855, \"to consider reasons for the establishment of a public school.\" One thing, however, was attempted with a view to bring the complaints of the native population before the governing classes, and to produce a better understanding between both, viz. an office of \"Protector of Chinese\" was created by Sir John Davis in 1846. This was a well-meant measure and certainly a step in the right direction, but the duties of this office remained a dead letter, owing to the successive Registrars General, who filled the post, being more or less ignorant of the Chinese language, until Mr. D. R. Caldwell was appointed Protector of Chinese. Even he, with his competent knowledge of the speech and customs of the Cantonese people, was but imperfectly acquainted with the written language and could therefore not do full justice to this important office. As to the interpretation in the Courts, there was during this whole period no competent interpreter attached to the Police Magistracy or Supreme Court with the exception of Mr. Caldwell, nor was any attempt made, on the part of the Government, to provide for competent interpreters for the future. The few sentences in power of speaking Chinese was looked upon as little short of miraculous, and the native interpreters in the Courts, with their imperfect knowledge of English and their ignorance of more than one native dialect, with their power for good or evil to represent or misrepresent what witnesses or defendants stated, remained absolutely unchecked. There were some competent Chinese scholars during this period attached to the Colonial Secretary's Office, as long as the Governors of Hongkong held also the office of Superintendent of Trade. There were Morrison, Thom, Gützlaff, Mongan, Wade, but their time was occupied with documentary translation work, they having to conduct the correspondence between the British and Chinese Governments, and when the office of Superintendent of Trade was, in 1854, transferred to Shanghai, there was, apart from the Missionaries, not a man left in Hongkong thoroughly acquainted with both the written and spoken languages of China. There was a good deal of pretence to Chinese acquirements by one or two persons, a sort of thing of which only too conspicuous an example had been set by Sir John Bowring, but there was no reality. The amount of Chinese knowledge of which the average English official of the Colony was possessed, during the period which elapsed before Sir Hercules Robinson's arrival, is best illustrated by an episode which occurred in Colonel Caine's, the Chief Magistrate's, Court. But for the better understanding of this really authentic story, I must premise, that Colonel Caine had heard in social intercourse with other officials that a great discussion was going on among Sinologists as to the meaning of \"barbarian,\" but that he was entirely unaware of the popular epithets applied, up to the present day, by the common speech of the people to foreigners in general *fan kwai* i.e. foreign devil, and to Englishmen *hûng màu kwai* i.e. red-haired devil. This will explain the following incident, as reported, in Tarrant's \"Hongkong\" (p. 109):\n\nMagistrate: Collins,-Collins, I say.  \nCollins: Your Honour!  \nMagistrate: Did not that witness say *fan kwai* in his evidence?  \nCollins: He did, your Honour.  \nMagistrate: Then take him out of the Court and give him three lashes! (Lashes administered). And now, Interpreter, tell the witness that when he speaks of an Englishman in this Court he must call him **hương anh Kuri**.\n\n*The truth probably was that the witness said, after having given his evidence \"mâ fòn ¿kwai\" i.e. \"may I go home?\" for the words *fan 'kwai* \"foreign devil,\" mean, when pronounced in a different tone, *fán kwai*, to go home.\"*\n\nMr Caldwell was the only Government officer during this whole period who could orally interpret from Cantonese into English, and vice versa, with correctness and fluency, but the other dialects, spoken by at least one fourth of the population of Hongkong, viz. the Hakka, Chin-chow or Swatow, Tiêchiu, Amoy and Foochow dialects, remained absolutely without any competent interpreter. Ever since Mr. Caldwell resigned, the want of his services has been much felt, and his place has never been satisfactorily filled.\n\n## \n\nWith the arrival of Sir Hercules Robinson (1859) a new period opened in the history of Hongkong. The policy that seemed to guide all previous Governors was principally to provide for present urgent wants, to try and repress crime, to keep things smooth and to gloss over, by temporary measures, what could not be mended efficiently. It seemed as if each of them was averse to sowing seed which could not be expected to ripen within his own term of office. So they confined themselves each to pull down what his predecessor had built up, or restricted their energies to simple political patchwork, a proceeding far more easy and especially more pleasing to personal vanity, than the laborious, self-denying task of laying solid foundations to be built on—or set aside—by their successors in office.\n\nSir Hercules Robinson was a man of different stamp, patient, resolute, far-seeing. It is true the previous bad state of things, lawlessness and crime among the native population, continued for some years into his term of administration, but measures were introduced by him which were continued by his successors and eventually succeeded in completely altering the state of things. The Civil Service had its abuses inquired into, the Police force was reconstituted, the Gaol discipline was reformed, a \n\nPage 4  \nPage 14  \nPage 145",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9].txt",
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        "id": 322334,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-210 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [6-7]",
        "page_number": 206,
        "title": "CO129-210 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [6-7]",
        "content_text": "197\n\nprearut relations between France and \n\nChina, Chave the hour to report that The Chinese Admiral Ting last brek \n\npaid \n\na second visit to Hongling, when \n\nI entertained him at the Government \n\nA \n\nfeur \n\nbecks \n\nChad \n\nHince, as \n\nago iuliitamed also the French Minister, \n\nMr. Encon. \n\n2. Admiral Ting has been in Europe, and his Flag Captain, Fing \n\nyears in \n\nRoyal Navy, served for several years in the English Navy - They \n\nand resolute in their \n\nregard \n\nto the claims \n\nof \n\nare \n\nboth firm \n\nwith \n\nlanguage of China, but still \n\nhope \n\nhave that war with France will be \n\nAverted. \n\n3. It is understood, however, that \n\nThe recent interviews between Mr. Encon \n\nand the Chinese Statesman, Li Hung \n\nChang, at Shanghai, have not been altogether of a peaceful character And there are beyond doubt great and \n\ngeneral excitement and serious preparations for war in China. Still \n\na few years ago \n\nThis was also the case at \n\nthe time of the complication with Russia respecting Kuldja. The Chinese \n\nthen at last discovered a modus \n\nvivendi",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-210 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [6-7].txt",
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    {
        "id": 322823,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-211 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 180,
        "title": "CO129-211 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "the master has inadvertently \n\nbeen overlooked.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Sgd.) G. Thomson,\n\nActing Harbour Master, &c. &c.\n\nSin.\n\n175\n\nEnclosure 2.\n\nHarbour Master to Colonial Secretary\n\nHarbour Department,\n\nHong Kong, 20th July,\n\n1883.\n\nI have the honour to\n\nbring to your notice that I am informed\n\nby the master of the American\n\nShip Resolute that the United States Consul has permitted 19\n\nseamen to be shipped from the\n\nshore to that vessel without\n\npreviously obtaining the Harbour Master's sanction as required by\n\nsubsection 5, section 16 of Ordinance\n\nNo 8 of 1879, whereby the Colonial\n\n(Sgd.) W. H. Marsh,\n\nActing Harbour Master.\n\nColonial Secretary....\n\nTreasury\n\nPage 180\n\nPage 181",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-211 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [8-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 347021,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]",
        "page_number": 37,
        "title": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]",
        "content_text": "# The Daily Press\n## HONGKONG, OCTOBER 15th, 1891\n### THE TRIAL OF MASON\n\nThe trial of Charles Henry Allen Welch Mason on a charge that he did on or about the 13th September have in his possession or under his control five pounds weight or thereabouts of an explosive substance under such circumstances as to give reasonable suspicion that he did not have it in his possession for a lawful object, was continued at the British Police Court at Shanghai on the 10th inst.\n\nThe first witness called was William Oswald, who deposed.—I am a British subject, and a seaman. My last ship was the steamship Nam Yang. I left her without being discharged through having lost my passage at Hongkong. In the beginning of last month I was in Hongkong. I know the last witness Toussiant. I met him accidentally in the street in Hongkong. We had a general conversation for several minutes, and I told him of my circumstances about having lost my ship. He said he could offer me a job. I asked him what it was and he said it was a job in the Customs. I was to get nothing less than $100. I think that would be the first Friday of the month. I think I have seen accused before in Queen's Road, Hongkong, where Toussiant introduced me to him. It was in a gunsmith's shop, I think, in Queen's Road. There were arms hanging all round the shop. I was simply introduced to accused and I was in his company for about ten minutes. No names were mentioned, neither mine nor accused's, so it scarcely amounted to an introduction. If I met Toussiant on Friday, it would be Sunday the 6th that I was introduced to accused. I came up from Hongkong in the Amoy with Toussiant. I was not in the gunsmith's the day the ship left.\n\nAccused declined to question witness.\n\nThe next witness called was Karl Hermann August Kacker, who deposed—I am a German subject and a second-class tidewaiter in the I.M.C. at Shanghai. I remember Saturday, Sept. 12th last. I was on board the Chiyuen that day, having been instructed to search the vessel. I was in a Customs steam-launch, met the vessel in the river, followed her up and went on board as soon as she dropped anchor. I told something to the muster. It was about 3 o'clock in the morning when I began to search. I had four additional men searching, and I was in charge of the party. Anyone interested could see that it was a special search, for there were more than the ordinary number of men on board. I saw accused that day, the first time was in the 'tween deck of the Chiyuen. This was about 9 o'clock in the morning. I had at that time, I think, detained seven packages. Mr. Mason asked me who was in charge of the party and I told him that I was. He told me that he had come up in the vessel from Hongkong and gave me to understand that he was a member of the Customs. I had not known him before and he did not tell me who he was. He told me to be cautious and not raise any suspicion. I took this as a command, and I told him that there were some cases stopped, and told him the marks, and accused told me these were the cases. I told Mr. Mason it was an unusual thing for so many men to come aboard at one time and that the Chinese must know there was something going on. I said I would do what was in my power, but I could not help notice being taken of what was going on. I mentioned the mark \"G & Co. in a triangle,\" and he said those were the cases. I am not quite sure that Mr. Mason told me whether there were 35 cases or not, but I think he did. I took it that Mr. Mason was assisting me and that he had come up for that purpose. He mentioned to me that he had an interview with Mr. McLeary Brown in Hongkong, but I did not understand him very clearly, because he did not tell me whether he was an indoor man or outdoor. I was called again in about three-quarters of an hour. The chief officer came and told me Mr. Mason wanted to see me. I went and saw him. He told me that he intended to go on shore after breakfast, at least shortly, and see Mr. Bredon about these cases, as it was most likely they would go on to Chinkiang, as they were not for here, or words to that effect. That was the last I saw of Mr. Mason. I stopped 35 cases altogether, all marked \"G. & Co.\" in a triangle, and numbered from 1 to 35. I saw some of the cases opened in the Customs Godown at Kin-lee-yuen. I think I saw about three or four of different sizes opened, containing cartridges. Bayonets, revolvers, rifles, and leather pouches with bolts. I did not assist in counting them, but I saw they were the same cases I detained on board the Chiyuen.\n\nTheodore Moorhead—I am an American citizen and chief tidesurveyor of the I.M.C. at Shanghai. I remember Saturday, 12th September last. I was on board the Chiyuen that day on several occasions. I first went on board at nine o'clock in the morning when the ship was alongside the Kiu-loo-yuen wharf. Mr. Kacker showed me several packages he had detained. They were marked G. & Co., and matted and rattaned after the naval manner of Canton cargo. There were no Chinese marks on them. Altogether we seized 35 packages. I was present when they were examined. This took place in the godown which is used for an examination place on Kin-lee-yuen wharf. The examination took place about 3 o'clock on the afternoon of the same day. When the outside matting rattans were off, wooden cases were disclosed, marked with the contents, with the exception of three cases, safety cartridge, explosive ammunition, metallic cartridges, and Winchester carbines. I took the outer covering off every case except four. After the covers were taken off there were forty cases, that is there were five double cases wrapped up in the same matting. The summary of the arms is—100 Winchester rifles, 20 Martini-Henry rifles, 128 revolvers, 206 bayonets, 123 revolver cases, 130 belts, 130 pouches, 12 hatchets, 62,850 cartridges. When I first opened them I found some of these munitions in each of the cases.\n\nJohn Lloyd McDowall—I am a British subject in the employ of the I.M.C. at Chinkiang. I have had charge of the postal department for upwards of a year. I know the accused. He asked me once to keep a letter marked \"X\" for him and forward it to him so that no one would know about it. On three or four occasions he enquired for such a letter but it never arrived. He came shortly after and told me that owing to the death of a resident, Mr. Jerdein, the letter was not expected. I think it was in August that Mr. Jerdein died, and it was before that event that Mr. Mason spoke to me about the letter.\n\nJames Stewart O'Neil—I am a British subject employed by the I.M.C. and have been stationed at Chiukiang for about 12 months. I am a tidewaiter. I know the accused Mr. Mason and have known him since I have been in Chinkiang. I never had any conversation with Mr. Mason about his plans nor did anybody else ever bring a message to me from Mr. Mason. I only knew by rumour that Mr. Mason was going on sick-leave, but I did not know where he was going. With reference to what Mason wrote in the plan, I had not arranged with him to go on board any ship, and I do not know what he wrote referred to. There is another O'Neal in the Customs, but he is at Hankow. I never did anything to justify Mr. Mason in giving that order about me.\n\nWilliam Henry Schultz—I am a naturalized American citizen, and a salt-scrutineer at Chinkiang in the Taotai's service. I have been stationed in Chinkiang about a year and a half, and no other one of the name that I know has been stationed there. I have a knowledge of accused ever since I have been in Chinkiang, but I never had any conversation with him about his plans. He never asked me to join his plans nor did anybody else do so, acting in his name. I had made no arrangements to go on board any ship, and I have neither done nor said anything to make Mason believe I would go on board.\n\nCharles Henry Morris—I am a British subject and a tidewaiter in the I.M.C. at Chinkiang. I have known the accused nearly two years and seven months. I have been on good terms with him. He once broached the subject of some schemes he had to me, but I took little notice of what he said. He asked me if I thought a few resolute men could take the forts at Silver Island. He asked it casually as if merely...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 366725,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-283 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 134,
        "title": "CO129-283 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "## 130 \n**AMI** \n110738 Tons **MAY 98** \n**LIMITED.** \nForm. \nMerk's Nume. \n**THE EASTERN TELEGR** \nLONDON' CHIEF STATION: 11, OLD E \nBRANCH STATIONS: \n| Location |\n| --- |\n| 8, LEADENHAIL STREET, E.C. |\n| 3, GREAT TOWER STREET, E.C. |\n| 8, HOLBOIN MADUCT, É.C. |\n| 449, ... Fords |\nAnd \n**BEMARKS.** \nNo. \nReserved a \n| Location |\n| --- |\n| 206a, WINCHESTER HOUSE, E.C. |\n| 41 & 42, PARLIAMENT ST., S.W. |\n| Foreigu Anction Hall, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. |\n| STRAND, W.C. |\n\n189 \n7 \n\nThe following **TELEGRAM Re** \nFrom \nI think in niger be safer. \nom in the lack wonds, \n... ہے \nsubstitute pending unstructions \nhr wringfield \n1675 \n\"To \nmtato \nthat \nsxpre \n\nI imagine that the Governor the proclamation would naturally \nMay 27th & he does not know whether \non \nhe is \nI would telegraph. \nto prolong it \nor not. \nirresolute \nPattonomy \n\nThe ferring to my telegram of √14. may \nobtener \nAddress \nTel \nCha \nof \nТонго \nStraits \nof it was intended \nProclamation \nen \nto \nby heliotrope \n1 Suspend \na \nAnde poteft. ton \nto V proclamation \nhearten \nBendig \ninstructions. \nLeul 1951 16/51 \n\nW m l l \n274 May \nth \n14 May \nTime \n„vid ↔ Eastern,\" \ntta \nresolute \na \nb \ncx hire \nat \nonce \ncancel notter \nmatting \nBlack \nand remind FO \nHired \nEeseire \nAud \ntilgan \nHBC \n16 may \nIn 18780 after 68.0. \natinu \nEw \n16. May \n6.218 \n86 \n\nNo inquiry respecting this Telegram can be attended to without the production of this Paper. \n**CONDITIONS UPON WHICH THIS MESSAGE HAS BEEN ACCEPTED.**—The Telegraph Companies and Administrations through whose hands this message passed, will not be responsible in any case for anything done, or omitted to be done, beyond the limits of their Stations or Telegraphs; MISTAKES OR DELAYS in the transmission or delivery of, nor for the NON-TRANSMISSION, MIS-DELIVERY or NON-DELIVERY of , from whatever cause arising. Any complaint, however, will meet with every attention on being brought to the notice of the Company. \n**REPLIES SHOULD BE ADDRESSED “VIÂ EASTERN.\"** \nWateriaw & Sons Limited, Trinters, Lonjan Wail, London, \nCop 20 16 may th",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-283 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [5-6].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 369456,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-288 - Public Offices & Others - 1898",
        "page_number": 44,
        "title": "CO129-288 - Public Offices & Others - 1898",
        "content_text": "# Queen's College, Oxford, July 13th, 1896.\n\nMR. T. HODGSON, Scholar, asks me to give my opinion of his qualifications for a Mastership. Mr. Hodgson is a modest, quiet man of real worth and force of character. He has throughout his career enjoyed the trust and confidence of the College. He is strong and will work hard. He forms an independent judgment and is resolute and courageous.\n\nIt will be found that behind a quiet exterior there is plenty of sense, judgment, and force of character. I have always found him pleasant and cheerful.\n\nI do not speak of his attainments in Mathematics as I have no direct knowledge.\n\n## T. H. GROSE,\nFellow, Dean, and Senior Tutor, of Queen's College, Oxford.\n\n43",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-288 - Public Offices & Others - 1898.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 387958,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-316 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 134,
        "title": "CO129-316 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "$11 \n\nthe field capable of successfully resisting \nTen Thousand armed men with resolute leaders, \nand \nwith the threatened \nmovement of Kung-Fu-Tziang in Shansi in the Spring, and the still un-suppressed Boxer movement in Szechuan It is a question whether The Viceroys \nof \nThe North \nbank of the Yangtze would \nventure to denude their \nown provinces of \ntheir \narmed troops to come \nto the assistance \n\n \n\nInclosure \n128 \n129 \nThe Viceroy of \nGovernment House. \nThe two Kwongs. \nThe situation is therefore \nnot without anxiety for \nThis Colony, having regard \nto the possibility of \nsuch \nintervention in the event of \nserious disorder. \nI enclose \na copy \nof the sketch \nof the pattern \nflags that was found in \nThe Boxer, also \nsketch \nof a flag proposed \nby The Reformers \nin \n1900. The difference is interesting as showing...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-316 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [1-4].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 407272,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "page_number": 568,
        "title": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "content_text": "559\n\nothers was a vast and vital injury tho only way of rescue lay in determined resumption and so he did not dare to shun illwill or shrink from difficulties. By cypher telegrams he cooperated as opportunity offered with Liang Ch'eng, Minister to the United States of America, and argued the rights of the case.\n\nFor over a year the worry went on with frequent storms and a crop of side issues, ground being lost so soon as gained and agreement wearily attained being suddenly upset.\n\nHonoured with the Imperial instructions he maintained his fixed view, Onlookers all said China's lost right was gone beyond hope like spilt water. Later after he had repelled the American merchant Bach's importunition the advocates of transferring from American to American disapproved more than ever of his proceedings; defamation was rife and every sort of obstacle was raised with the determination not to rest until this situation had been altered in their favour.\n\nFortunately Their Majesties' perspicacity and resolution gave support above; the popular feeling in the Three Provinces was united below. The American Government saw that China's purpose was resolute and steadfast, the Development Company's arguments would not stand: and by changing \"cancellation\" to \"redemption\" the question was reduced to a matter of business capable of calm solution without the least friction in our foreign relations. Then at last the Company came under control and in September the redemption compact was agreed on, quite contrary to the expectation of the pro-American gang whose hatred at having to let vast gain be lost to them was rancorous.\n\nAs they could not yap at the redemption of",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 411200,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 377,
        "title": "CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## \nThe harm done is far from being exhausted by the immediate damage, and responsibility for ulterior injury rests on those responsible for the primary wrong.\n\nIt is submitted that the principle in each case is the same.\n\nThere is a further consideration. It was recognized to be in the power of the Oil Syndicate to so arrange taxation as to work a preferential rate in its own favour, to the detriment of competitive traders. By parity of reasoning, to exclude consequential damages in the case of the \"Sainam\" would be to leave Chinese ship-owners free to destroy, whenever desirable, by suborned piratical attack the competitive advantage of superior safety, hitherto believed to be inherent in the British flag, at a foreknown cost of a few (e.g., fifteen) thousand dollars.\n\nThe Companies have had, as expressed in their statement of claim, since they began running vessels on the West River in 1897, \"to meet severe competition from native-owned vessels which, chiefly by reason of their lower running expenses, have been able to trade profitably at rates with which the Companies could not compete. The consequence was that the trade was carried on until about a year ago at a heavy, though gradually decreasing, annual loss. For the last year receipts and expenses have almost exactly balanced, and the Companies were expecting in the immediate future an adequate return for the sacrifices they had made to obtain the trade. The main reason for the measure of success attained was not a diminution of competition, which is as keen as ever, but the security that the Companies had been able to afford their patrons. For years past all the waterways leading to Canton have been more or less infested with pirates, and native craft of all kinds have been ruthlessly plundered, but the Companies' steamers had been immune from attack.\" Now the very foundation of that success had been shaken, and their business has been affected in all its branches.\n\nThe vessels had been designed and fitted with a view to creating a foreign tourist passenger traffic, which was universally considered as being safe under the British flag; but the recent attack on the \"Sainam\" has completely destroyed this feeling of security, with the result that foreign passengers have almost entirely ceased to travel on the Company's West River steamers.\n\nIt is undeniable that there are here involved pecuniary considerations much greater than 15,000 dollars, or even 150,000 dollars. It is equally undeniable that the responsibility of the Chinese authorities is implicit for allowing piracy to prevail.\n\nIt is significant, for instance, that \"the attack took place in a reach of the river so well known as a haunt of pirates that native boats will not navigate it at night\" so well known, in fact, to require protection that it was formerly patrolled by armed steam-boats, but the authorities withdrew them some six months previous to the outrage! The fact tends to confirm, if it needed confirmation in the mind of any one familiar with the conditions, the contention of our Hong Kong branch, that \"it is only through the agency of pecuniary punishment that they can be made to feel the unpleasant consequences of the parsimonious policy which is at the root of the evil. They will employ the needful men and provide the necessary funds only when the conviction has been brought home to them that this is, in the long run, a more economical method of dealing with piracy than the present more immediately lucrative method of pocketing the money required to put it down.\"\n\nThe conviction expressed in the Association's letter of the 1st August last, may be repeated, that \"piracy could be put down in Kwangtung, as it has been put down elsewhere, by honest and resolute action. If the local authorities willed the end, and were not deterred by jealousy of foreigners from employing the method, a British naval officer authorized to organize, control, and inspire a sufficient force, even of Chinese police, with sufficient and appropriate craft for river service, might be relied on to produce order within twelve months.\"\n\nIt has been noted with gratification that His Majesty's Government have urged this view upon the Chinese. It has been noted without surprise that it has been repelled. It will not be till the authorities are made to feel the inconvenience of direct responsibility for the full consequence of outrages due to their faches, that improved conditions will be produced.\n\nThe conclusion of our Hong Kong branch is that refusal to support a claim of the nature in question \"would provide the Chinese with a precedent dangerous in the extreme, because seemingly based upon the assumption that the flag can be grossly violated without any loss to the Government directly responsible, other than that entailed by being called upon to pay a paltry bill of repairs, and some small compensation for lives lost or ruined\" a precedent which would, moreover, \"operate seriously to the detriment of the prospects of British trade on the West River, and be hailed, no doubt, with satisfaction by those unfriendly officials whose desire is to discourage it.\"\n\nThe Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce express themselves in the same sense- that the \"attitude (of hesitation) taken up by His Majesty's Government in this matter will tend to the continuance and encouragement of similar outrages, and have a disastrous influence on British trade.\"\n\nThe experience of the Association will assuredly lead it to indorse those views; and I have shown that it can appeal to precedent in their support.\n\n(Signed) R. S. GUNDRY, President.\n\nChina Association, 159, Cannon Street, London,\n\n(Extract.)\n\nJanuary 12, 1907.\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nOwners of \"Sainam\" to China Association (Hong Kong Branch),\n\nNovember 17, 1906.\n\nOur claim for consequential damages was not made without careful consideration. It was, first of all, based upon the opinion of the owners that great injury had been done to a trade which they had pioneered at great loss, and which had just begun to show signs of giving some return. This has been borne out by our experience since the outrage in several ways, rendering our position seriously injured and more difficult, and from the following causes :-\n\n1. The difficulty of now retaining masters, officers, and crew on the line, consequent on their dislike to the employment, because of the risks attendant thereto, and the expense of meeting such a situation. Captain Joslin, who was in command of the \"Sainam\" at the time of the piracy, has since had to be sent home suffering from illness pointing to a breakdown of his nervous system.\n\n2. The great decrease in foreign passenger traffic-only those who are forced by circumstances to travel do so now; tourists from oversea and Hong Kong residents avoid the West River.\n\n3. The general arrest of the trade. It was a gradually increasing quantity up to the time of the piracy, since then it has become stationary, this can be proved by figures. When the prosperity of a trade which is only in its infancy and expanding is suddenly interrupted and we can point to the immediate cause, surely we have good reason for claiming reparation.\n\n4. The insecurity of life and property on the West River which causes us to maintain a staff of watchmen on the steamers--an expense incurred solely because the Chinese Government, through maladministration, are unable to control their people.\n\n5. The serious handicap to what should be a flourishing and lucrative trade, restricted at every point by the gross persistent indifference and carelessness of the Chinese Government, acting in violation of all Treaty obligations, causing serious loss to those who have spent large sums of money in trying to develop the trade, relying on the good faith of both British and Chinese Government.\n\n## Inclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nExtract from the \"North China Herald\" of November 2, 1906.\n\n**THE NEW NAVY OF CHINA.**\n\nAt a recent Conference between his Highness Prince Ching and Viceroy Yuan Shih-kai at Peking, touching the creation of a modern navy, the reorganization of which shall be proceeded with *pari passu* with the reorganization of the Imperial armies, it was agreed to devote the greater portion of the money annually appropriated in each province towards the maintenance of the various inland waters and coastal navies to the ...\n\nPage 371",
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        "page_number": 429,
        "title": "CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\n**Memorandum by Consul-General Wilkinson**\n\nThe poster, translation of which was attached to my despatch to Burmah of the 30th November, 1906, was subsequently reproduced as an editorial in the \"Tien-nan Ch'ao-pao,\" the semi-official \"Yunnan Gazette\" published daily under the direction of the local University. In that University, two of the Directors of the so-called \"Yunnan-Szechuan and Tengyueh Railways Company\"—Messrs. Li K'un and Ch'en Tu—are professors, and they are now availing themselves of the \"Gazette\" as a channel for the dissemination of their views on railway construction in this province.\n\nIn the process of adapting the poster to the editorial, some alterations have been made which throw light on certain points that I found obscure. The expression \"fan-wei,\" lit. \"ring-fence of the plan,\" which I had taken to refer to the trace of the Tengyueh Railway, is now shown to mean a \"system\" or \"scheme\" of railway construction for the whole province. The full title of the editorial runs: \"In the matter of the presentation of a Petition for a Memorial to start the construction of a (or the) Tengyueh Railway, and to lay down a definite scheme for the railways of Yunnan Province, so as to preserve our hold on the profits and to secure our frontiers.\"\n\nThe editorial omits the words (I refer to my translation of the poster) \"also a task that is most formidable\" and the sentences from \"in the case of those that have been conceded to foreigners\" to \"collecting shares for its construction.\" (It thus says nothing of the controversion of the British Consul.) Otherwise, it is, with one significant exception, textually identical with the poster down to \"let the profits come to ourselves.\" (The words I translated \"if for the course of the line we do not fix a trace\" should be rendered \"if for the course of the lines we do not lay down a definite scheme.\") The exception is the substitution of the character shih, \"circumstance,\" for lì, \"right and proper,\" in the passage I translated \"This is, indeed, natural.\" What the poster said was, in effect, \"the British will insist on equality of privileges with the French, as is, indeed, only reasonable\"; what the editorial says is \"the British will insist on equality of privileges with the French; this is, indeed, certain.\" The Directors in their revised pronouncement do not admit that a demand on our part for equal treatment would be li, \"in accordance with the eternal fitness of things.\"\n\nTo the words \"it would be better to make our own plans for building and let the profits come to ourselves,\" the editorial adds, \"of which the Yunnan-Tonquin Railway is sufficient evidence.\" It supplies an estimate for the Yunnan-Szechuan line—12,000,000 taels or 13,000,000 taels (this, of course, is absurdly low, even if the railway were not to be built by Chinese mandarins), adding that \"measures have been taken to raise this amount.\" The phrase \"the wealthy merchants of the western circuit\" is somewhat expanded; otherwise, the text of the two documents continues to be identical down to \"its length being short, it would speedily become a success.\"\n\nHere the poster practically ended. The editorial goes on to say that the trading classes being set on gain, when these perceive that the Tengyueh line is a great success, they will hustle one another in their eagerness to subscribe to the Yunnan-Szechuan Railway, and will not harbour suspicion or \"wait to see.\" (This seems to hint at a present backwardness on the part of the trading classes to subscribe to the Yunnan-Szechuan scheme.) Thus, the Tengyueh line would prove a foundation for the Szechuan; 3,000,000 taels or 4,000,000 taels would suffice to secure the \"hold on the profits\" of the western road and thus gain the confidence of our people.\n\nMoreover (continues the editorial), when the Tengyueh line has been opened, wealth will gradually increase, and that line can be extended through Paoshan (Yungchang) and Tali, or via Shunning, on to Szechuan, an extension to which the two sections (the Tengyueh and the Sui-fu) would be as head and tail. Now, England has already sent men to survey for the Burmah line, and it is proposed to proceed at once with construction up to the Kulikha. It is of the greatest importance to consult with them and to make a Treaty by which each should construct its own section. In this way, success would be particularly easy, and the hold on the profits would be equally divided. The \"sawbwas\" along the line would engage labourers and purchase supplies, and this supervision would eliminate all risk of disturbance.\n\nWhat has been said applies to the main line; but when that is completed, there would be numerous branch lines. As the main line would be constructed by ourselves (the Chinese), it goes without saying that the branch lines would also fall to us to build. This policy of home construction must be followed throughout Yunnan, and must be unchangeable; but if it is not first placed on record by Memorial, we fear that foreigners will become extraordinarily insistent, and in our consequent resolute resistance, a great deal of talk will be expended.\n\nWe were about to present a Petition accordingly, when we had the honour to receive the following despatch from the Superintendent of the Bureau of Agriculture, Trade, and Industry:\n\n\"In pursuance of instructions from his Excellency to join at once in deliberation and to report for consideration, a joint representation was submitted, setting forth our resolution to construct ourselves the Tengyueh Railway, and, with the exception of the Yunnan-Tonquin line, to ask for the definite settlement of a railway scheme for all Yunnan. This we respectfully prayed might be laid before the Throne. If assent was given, we asked that instructions might issue to the Yunnan-Szechuan Railway Company's Directorate to arrange to combine the management. We suggested that the name should be enlarged into the `Yunnan-Szechuan and Tengyueh Railways Company,' having a branch office at Tengyueh to be known as the `Tengyueh Railway Company,' to be on the spot for the actual construction. All matters connected with funds and staff would follow the Regulations established by Decree for the Yunnan-Szechuan Railway. Details calling for immediate alteration or addition, together with the Regulations for raising capital at the outports, were considered at a general meeting and submitted separately. The whole was laid before his Excellency for his consideration, with a prayer that he would memorialize in this sense, to the public advantage.\"\n\nIt appears (concludes the editorial) that to this representation, the Governor-General replied that he \"would present a Memorial in the sense of the Petition.\"\n\nThe Yunnan Gazette of the 30th November, 1906, reproduced from the \"Shih Pao\" a \"List of the China Railways,\" in the course of which occurs the item:\n| Railway | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Yunnan-Burmah Railway | Yunnan to Burmah; under British management (Ying-kuo ching-ying) |\n\nIn the next day's issue appeared the following editorial, headed \"**Correction of Misstatements by the Shih Pao regarding Communications**\"\n\n\"Of the statements that have appeared of late in the newspapers, very many are lacking in accuracy. To mention no others, we may instance the excerpt from the 'Shih Pao' on railways in China reproduced in our issue of the 30th November. It was there said that the railway from Yunnan to Burmah is under British management. This may be taken as a sample, and why? Under Article XII of the Burmah Treaty, if China hereafter decides to build railways in Yunnan, she agrees to connect them with the Burmah lines. And again, in the 27th year of the Kuang Hsü (1901), the Wai-wu Pu wrote officially to the British Envoy to say that as regards the Yunnan-Burmah Railway, the Governor-General of Yunnan must, after consideration of the circumstances, take measures himself to construct; when the line shall have reached the Yunnan-Burmah frontier, it will be connected with the British-Burmah system.\" A Memorial has now been presented for the establishment of a Yunnan-Szechuan and Tengyueh Railways Company, and stock is being collected for construction.\n\nThe newspaper in question (the \"Shih Pao\") has not inquired into the history of this railway, and its contributor has written carelessly. This is not at all as it should be. In reproducing his statement, we did so merely to confute it, that he might take warning thereby. In future, his statements should conform to the facts, and not be mere loose concoctions. We have now correctly informed our readers, who must not be misled by that paper.\n\nPage 423",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 435,
        "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "432\n\n32381\n\n[August 10. FF 08\n\nSECTION 5.\n\n2\n\nAfter all, M. Bapst considered the position he now occupied not unlike what mine was recently when I insisted, in face of much popular opposition, upon the grant of the Chekiang Railway Concession.\n\nI demurred to this analogy, and explained that the negotiations in that instance had as their sole object the fulfilment of a written undertaking given in 1898, and had no political complexion of any kind.\n\nThe date carried us back to the year when France obtained her Concession for the Laokai-Yunnan-fu railway, which formed a more fitting parallel to the Chekiang grant in its original form. The difference was that in giving effect to the latter we had parted with all rights of control, and reduced to a very attenuated form the privileges which France and other Powers had secured and still enjoyed in that memorable year of Railway Concessions.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) J. N. JORDAN.\n\nThis Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[27705]\n\n(No. 279.) Sir,\n\nNo. 1.\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received August 10.)\n\nPeking, June 23, 1908.\n\nI HAVE the honour to inclose copies of correspondence with His Majesty's Consul-General at Shanghae, with reference to a proposition made by the Chairman of the Shanghae Municipal Council to the Senior Consul that all the lands lying between the International Settlement on the north and the railway line should be incorporated within municipal limits and made subject to administration under the Land Regulations.\n\nThe extension of the International Settlement arranged in 1899 was intended to include the lands above referred to, but the Chinese authorities were then resolute in excluding them, alleging that they were in another administrative district, Paoshan, and for that reason outside the area of the Treaty port of Shanghae. This contention was, of course, not admitted, but, rather than allow the negotiations to fall through, the exclusion was acquiesced in by the Municipal Council, and the boundary offered by the Chinese authorities was accepted.\n\nThe question has now again been brought forward in consequence of a conflict of police jurisdiction over certain roads made by the Municipal Council on land purchased by the municipality, wholly or partly beyond Settlement limits.\n\nMy despatch No. 33 of the 17th June to Sir Pelham Warren sufficiently explains my attitude in the matter. While recognizing the desirability of the proposed extension, I express the personal view that, unless the Viceroy of Nanking and the Provincial authorities are in the first place prevailed upon by the Consular Body at Shanghae to support it, there is little prospect of the Central Government considering it favourably.\n\nI have taken occasion in a Confidential despatch, No. 34 of the 19th June, to draw attention to the dangers of the use of force by the Municipal Council for the purpose of asserting or maintaining the right of police over extra-Settlement roads, which has been exercised by the Councils with the tacit acquiescence of the local Chinese authorities for years past, and I have pointed out that, if the exercise of this right is seriously objected to, the proper course is to invite the Chinese authorities to state their objections in the regular manner and to arrange a maintenance of the status quo while these are under discussion.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed)\n\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\nSir,\n\nInclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nConsul-General Sir P. Warren to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nShanghae, June 4, 1908.\n\nI HAVE the honour to forward to you herewith a copy of a letter which has been addressed to the Senior Consul by the Chairman of the Shanghae Municipal Council, asking for the support of the Consular Body to the proposition that all the lands lying between the Settlement and the railway line be incorporated within municipal limits and made liable to administration under the Land Regulations.\n\nThis demand on the part of the Council, as the letter indicates, has its immediate origin in the attempted arrest by the Chinese police on the outskirts of the Settlement of a foreign constable while patrolling that portion of the North Chekiang road which lies along the Settlement boundary. The road in question is a municipal road, that is, it was built by the Council on land specially acquired by them for the purpose, but where the incident took place the actual boundary-line of the Settlement runs for about 300 yards along the middle of the road, so that one-half of it is inside and the other half outside the Settlement and within the Paoshan district.\n\nUntil the so-called Chinese Commercial Settlement at Paoshan was established some two years ago by the late Taotai, the right of the Council to police all municipal roads was tacitly admitted.\n\n[1905 k--5]\n\nB",
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        "page_number": 442,
        "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[27705]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n4 SE 08\n\n[August 18.]\n\nSECTION 1.\n\nSir,\n\nForeign Office to China Association.\n\nForeign Office, August 18, 1908.\n\nIN the letter from this Office of the 27th ultimo you were informed that Secretary Sir E. Grey was awaiting the receipt of a Report from His Majesty's Minister at Peking relative to the proposed extension of the International Settlement at Shanghae to Paoshan.\n\nIt appears from the Report, which has now been received, that the extension of the International Settlement arranged in 1899 was intended to include the lands under reference, but the Chinese authorities were then resolute in excluding them, alleging that they were in another administrative district, and that for that reason it was out of the question to bring them within the area of the Treaty port of Shanghae. This contention was, it was stated, not then admitted; but, rather than allow the negotiations to fall through, the exclusion was acquiesced in by the Municipal Council, and the boundary offered by the Chinese authorities was accepted.\n\nThe question has now again been brought forward, in consequence, apparently, of a conflict of police jurisdiction over certain roads made by the Municipal Council on land purchased by the municipality wholly or partly beyond Settlement limits.\n\nWhile recognizing the desirability of the proposed extension, Sir J. Jordan expresses the personal view that, unless the Viceroy of Nanking and the provincial authorities are in the first place prevailed upon by the Consular Body at Shanghae to support it, there is little prospect of the Central Government considering it favourably.\n\nBut I am to state, for the confidential information of the China Association, that Sir J. Jordan also draws attention to the dangers of the use of force by the Municipal Council for the purpose of asserting or maintaining the right of police over extra Settlement roads, which has been exercised by the Councils with the tacit acquiescence of the local Chinese authorities for years past, and he points out that, if the exercise of this right is seriously objected to, the proper course is to invite the Chinese authorities to state their objections in the regular manner, and to arrange a maintenance of the status quo while these are under discussion.\n\nI am to add that Sir E. Grey has approved Sir J. Jordan's attitude on the question, with which he fully concurs.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nF. A. CAMPBELL.\n\n[1908-1-1]",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 158,
        "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "# 156 \n\n## 1 \n\n### 4 \n\nStartling reports seem to have left the people at large comparatively indifferent; nowhere in the interior do they appear to have been stirred up to any very high pitch of feeling.\n\nHowever, not content with appealing to the people, the Society for the Protection of the Mines approached the Governor himself. The latter was requested to call upon Germany officially to renounce all her mining rights in Shantung, and he was expected, if necessary, actively to support the anti-German boycott. But the agitators were destined to suffer a severe disappointment. Whatever the actual sentiments of the Governor may have been towards the Germans and the German position in Shantung, he lost no time in making it quite clear that he did not propose to be made the tool of any sect or party, and that he intended to retain the control of affairs in his own hands, and to take whatever action seemed best to him, without yielding to popular clamour. Whatever his own private views on the Treaty relations subsisting between Germany and China, he afforded ample evidence of his determination to give no handle for a complaint, and to preserve a correct, if not necessarily a sympathetic, attitude towards the Germans.\n\nIn a Report to Peking some time ago the Governor dealt at length with the agitation for the preservation of the mining rights along the Tien-tsin-Pak'ou line; subsequently, however, he stated the leaders of the movement had gone further, and now clamoured for the cancellation of the Agreement of the 22nd August, 1907, confirming the grant of mining rights to a German Company in I-choufu, I-shuihsien, Chuchenghsien, Peita, and the Chefoo district (the five zones), and extending the time allowed for prospecting from ten months to two years. He went on to say that the movement was led and organized entirely by passed students, who claimed that the mining question was purely a commercial one, and that the negotiations should therefore have been left in the hands of the merchants. They also criticized the details of the Agreement under which Concessions for seven mines, of an area of 30 square li each, had been granted in the five zones. Others claimed (as in the leaflet annexed to this despatch) that the people of Shantung had not been consulted beforehand, and that the Agreement was consequently null and void. The Governor in his Report pointed out that the Concessions granted to the Germans were perfectly in order; that the Agreement had been signed a year before the new Mining Law of 1907 came into force, and that it had received the Imperial sanction; that the period allowed for prospecting had not expired; and that, consequently, there was no pretext whatever for cancelling the Concessions. He went on to say that, as China did not as yet possess a Constitution, the assent of the people was not necessary to the Agreement, and added that he had originally looked upon the Society for the Protection of the Mines as a harmless institution, but that recently the leaders, in a Memorial presented to him, had threatened, without any circumlocution, that, unless the Concessions were cancelled, they would protect their rights by hindering the working of the mines and by boycotting all German goods, and that if these measures proved futile there would undoubtedly be disturbances among the people sooner or later. Continuing, the Governor asked why these patriots did not oppose the signing of the Agreement while there was yet time, instead of demanding its cancellation now that it was too late; he apprehended mischief as a result of the agitation, and declared that the ringleaders must be proceeded against at once in order to avoid a conflict with foreigners which could only be productive of harm. He concluded by saying that any teachers or students who started such Societies, or even joined them, were acting in defiance of the law, and would be punished with the utmost severity. He therefore declared the Society for the Protection of Mines to be an illegal one, and ordered it to be dissolved.\n\nThe Germans, while fully aware that the Governor's action was dictated by policy alone, are also conscious how much they owe to him in the matter. At a feast given in Governor Yüan's honour at Tsingtau on the 21st October, Governor Truppel, in proposing his health, thanked him for the resolute manner in which he had dealt with the unlawful agitation for the cancellation of the German Mining Concessions in Shantung, to which Governor Yüan replied that, in acting thus, he had merely done his duty.\n\nIn spite, however, of the determined attitude of the Governor, the anti-German movement has by no means been definitely suppressed; at the present moment it is being carried on as actively as ever, this being possibly due, in part at least, to the Governor's temporary absence from Chinan. Whether the existing ill-feeling engendered by the oppressive taxation at Tsingtau, combined with the agitation against the German Mining Concessions, will subside in the near future is very doubtful, and it is quite within the bounds of possibility that the threatened boycott against the Germans throughout the Province of Shantung will eventually come to a head.\n\nI have, &c.  \n(Signed)  \n**BERTRAM GILES**\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\n### Anti-German Leaflet circulated in Chinan.\n\n#### Letter from the Work-people of Shantung, expressing their views on the struggle for the Mines. (Translation.)\n\nALAS! the life and death of our country of Shantung has now become a burning question. Here, in Tsingtau, we are not even allowed to work for other people in peace, and we have a few words to say to our elders and brethren which will cut them to the heart. We have recently heard that German merchants are about to ask permission to open mines in five zones in our country of Shantung; all of you have, doubtless, already heard of this. Since you have heard of it, it behoves all of you with one heart to rise up and struggle with them. Why do you stand there looking around you, refusing to come forth and act? We suppose it is because you do not fully realize the danger which threatens you. So now we will explain to all of you the horrors which we have undergone.\n\nFor instance, this place, Tsingtau, was originally a piece of our own country of Shantung. But ten years ago a German missionary was killed, for which in other countries only a certain amount of money compensation is paid, and that finishes the matter. Our Government, being ignorant of the rules governing foreign relations, cut off Tsingtau and handed it over. Nowadays all the land, all the property, and all the lives of the people are in the hands of the Germans. There is a tax on dwelling-houses, there is a tax on fishing, there is a tax on agriculture, there is even a tax on funerals; in very truth there is neither ground for the living to stand on nor ground for the dead to be buried in. These things we in our own persons have suffered; our own eyes have seen.\n\nAt that time a Tsingtau-Chinan Railway Agreement was also made, wherein it was laid down that for thirty li on either side of the line no Chinese were to be allowed to work mines. Thereby were the sources of wealth of our own country of Shantung in a large measure torn from us and pocketed by them. But it is clear that this does not satisfy their covetousness, and they are preparing to swallow our country of Shantung at one mouthful.\n\nThey further caused their merchants to discuss and make an Agreement with a few of our officials behind our backs. Now, this Five Mines Agreement is not an Agreement for working mines at all; it is clearly a bond for the destruction of Shantung. If you do not believe this, just note that wherever mines are started by foreigners a railway is constructed thither; when the railway is constructed thither, soldiers are then sent thither; once the soldiers have come, our people are then merely food for their powder, meat under their knives, mud beneath their horses' hoofs. This is called conquest by mines followed up by a railway, and the annihilation of a race through the agency of mines. At present, whenever any country starts out to conquer another country and to annihilate another race, this is always the method adopted, and it is called the scheme of the control of railways and mines.\n\nAnd now, elders and brethren, what we say is: awake without delay! If the five mines can be preserved, then our country of Shantung can also be preserved; if the five mines are lost, then our Shantung people will one and all be destroyed. If Shantung is preserved, Tsingtau may also be recovered in the future; but if we cannot preserve Shantung, what is the use of talking about Tsingtau? And then, not only are we at the present moment the dogs and the horses and the slaves of other people, but our sons and our grandsons, down to the remotest generations, will all of them also be the dogs and the horses and the slaves of other people.\n\nBesides, as regards the Agreement concerning the five mines, it is only their merchants who have made it with a few of our officials; among our Shantung people there is not one man who knows about it; there is not one single man who acknowledges it; it is a thing of no account. If you people of Shantung will come forward as one man and struggle with them, then later on you will be able to tear up that Agreement of theirs. But if you do not rise up now to struggle with them, they will think that our Shantung people have already ... you must not fight with them or raise a disturbance against them.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-366 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor May - 1910 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 386,
        "title": "CO129-366 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor May - 1910 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "# The Hongkong Telegraph \n\n## HONGKONG, FRIDAY, APRIL 29, 1910. \n\n### \"IS THAT TRUE?\" \n\nYesterday afternoon our Chinese fellow-citizens expressed in fitting and graceful manner their strong appreciation of Sir Frederick Lugard's successful work in this Colony. The Honourable Dr. Ho Kai, CMG., in his speech, went more than the truth when he declared that His Excellency had seen the Colony through the most trying times and had placed it once again on the high road to prosperity and success. It is proverbially difficult to please everybody, but Sir Frederick Lugard has overcome all obstacles, even those which at first sight appeared to be insuperable. Hongkong is not yet out of the financial straits into which, in common with other dependencies of our Empire, it has been driven by the time-serving Nonconformist-conscience-ridden vote-catching policy of a deplorable Government. Everything that could be effected by a clear intellect and resolute will was carried through by the Governor during, perhaps, the worst crisis in the fortunes of this outpost of Empire since first the Union Flag was planted at its shores. Misunderstanding, misrepresentation, and opposition from within and from without hampered and thwarted him at every step, until his consciousness of right and tenacity of purpose triumphed. Here he was blindly accused of being too willing to acquiesce in the extravagancies of the faddist régime at Westminster, and there he was calumniated in Parliament and accused of wilful disobedience to and evasion of the orders of the Imperial Government. It must have been discouraging uphill work for His Excellency, who depended, of course, upon the leading lights in the community for so much - for information first, even for advice, and always for help.\n\nAbout three years ago, when Sir Frederick Lugard fired his inaugural shot by getting the new rifle range at the Peak, and on being informed that he had scored a \"possible,\" he exclaimed: \"Is that true?\" This expression of doubt, disconcerting perhaps to those who arranged such functions, was not, as we remarked at the time, without its significance. A newly-appointed Governor arrives in a Colony where \"his work is cut out for him.\" He is too often apt to accept the views and adopt the policy of his entourage, especially of those who have served his predecessors, and have all details at their fingers' ends. Sometimes these subordinates are men whose insight, sympathy, and breadth of view, joined to their experience, render them of invaluable assistance to the new Chief. Sometimes the latter becomes the signing-machine and the mouthpiece of a fossilized bureaucracy. But not this time. Sir Frederick's exclamation, \"Is that true?\" was, as we rightly surmised, an indication of his mind. Disdaining to see with other men's eyes, he has always insisted on seeing for himself. He has neither disregarded nor worshipped precedent. He has deigned to consider the views of those around him, and has been guided by the path that seemed most wise.\n\nHe found Hongkong in desperate straits, with divergent views and serious disagreement. He had a long, lone furrow to plough. The firmness and high courage with which he carried the new taxation measures, the calm resolution and patient toil with which he set himself personally to investigate the angle of the enormous increase above the estimated expenditure on the Kowloon-Canton Railway, his diligence in carefully and personally working through the nearly fatal typhoon losses are still fresh in the public mind. So many causes for decreased revenue, so many new demands for expenditure. The disaster to the Colony's purse by the loss on opium (without any visible corresponding real advantage), and the decrease in the value of rateable properties caused partly by the enforcement of the Public Health Ordinances of his predecessors, the unsatisfactory state of trade, and the financial losses caused by an appallingly destructive typhoon, had to be met by novel expedients - indeed, experiments. But his singleness of purpose, and the rapidity with which he gathered the threads of the knotted and twisted net of Hongkong affairs, soon convinced all classes that \"his heart was in it.\" It became known that there was no hole-and-corner business with Sir Frederick, who must have everything on a straight basis. His care for the sufferers in the typhoon is especially to be seen in the Taikoo-tsui refuge, which it is hoped will be completed at an early date. His solicitude for the requirements of all is shown in every direction in the prosecution and improvement of public works, no less than in the reduction of expenses. The Tytam reservoir is a great and necessary work which he will not leave unfinished.\n\nThe Chinese and Europeans of the educated classes have been brought nearer by the wise and statesmanlike policy of Government House towards the Chinese under his regime. It is unnecessary here to dilate on the great advances that he has made, and how for the first time the Chinese of the highest class are at last coming into social contact with Europeans of the same social circle, and in the relations of the Government with that of Canton, the finest tact and determination not to disagree have marked His Excellency's administration.\n\nOne of his greatest and most enduring achievements is one noble in its purpose, vast in its ideals, and successful in its steps. How deeply and widely the University of Hongkong will influence China it is hardly daring to prophesy, but it will, without question, become the centre of Western education out here, and the meeting place of the civilised thought of East and West. While Brigadier-General Sir Frederick John Dealtry Lugard, K.C.M.G., C.B., D.S.O., goes home to get that rest to which three of probably the hardest years in his life (harder perhaps than lion-hunting in Nyassa-land or administering Uganda) have richly entitled him, he leaves behind in the stones and spirit of the Hongkong University an imperishable name.\n\n## The Governor's Departure \n\n### HIS ADMINISTRATIVE ACCOMPLISHMENTS \n\n(Special to the \"Hongkong Telegraph.\")\n\nWith the departure on leave to-morrow of Sir Frederick Lugard, the Colony loses temporarily an administrator whose term of service has been marked in more ways than one by the development of its interests and the furtherance of its progress. His Excellency assumed the reins of government on the 25th of July, 1907, in succession to Sir Matthew Nathan. There is a proneness on the part of Crown Colonists to take exception to military Governors, but certainly in the case of our last two Governors, nothing was there to be found fault with. Few Governors of the Colony made themselves more popular or did better work than Major Sir Matthew Nathan. Nor has Brigadier-General Sir Frederick Lugard failed to keep up with the high ideals set by his predecessor. His Excellency carries away with him the best wishes of this community combined with the hope that he will soon be amongst us again in full fettle and in continued good health.\n\nDuring His Excellency's administration, many very important movements connected with Hongkong's welfare have been projected or carried out. When he arrived in the Colony nearly three years ago, it was suffering severely from trade depression and in a financial sense appeared to be verging on bankruptcy.\n\n### ON BANKRUPTCY \n\nThe first consideration, therefore, which our new Governor had to face was the ways and means for the raising of funds. This all-important problem was made more difficult of solution because of the fact that just about that time the Liberal Government had sent out its fiat that the opium traffic had to come to an end. This, of course, meant a big reduction of revenue, for the opium trade had for years represented one of the most productive of Hongkong's feeders of the public purse. Though the stoppage of the opium imports was to be gradual, its effect was immediately felt by the Colonial Treasury, and His Excellency took up the prudent policy of approaching the Colonial Office and demanding that Hongkong should receive compensation for the loss of trade revenue caused by the restrictions put upon her by the Home Government. His representations proved to be so powerful and to the point that guarantees were given of an imperial grant partially to cover the deficit which their opium decree had served to create.\n\nAs it was very happily put in the address presented yesterday by the Chinese Community: \"Since Your Excellency came to give peace in this state, all the business of administration has been carried on by you with success, but you have regarded the development of education and the encouragement of talent as your most important duty, and all your energies and faculties have been devoted to its establishment of a University; now the foundation stone has been duly laid and the magnificent project is on the way to realisation. We feel confident that in the future the result of the education given in the University will fulfil all expectation.\"\n\nCertainly, the greatest project with which Sir Frederick Lugard's name will remain associated for all time is the history of Hongkong - the University scheme. From the very day that he arrived in the Colony, His Excellency lost no opportunity of impressing upon the people that the establishment of a University was one of the most crying needs in our midst. Whilst not belittling by any manner of means the excellence of existing scholastic institutions, he was of the sound and definite opinion that Hongkong required a University of her own. So forcible did his arguments prove that they penetrated to the hearts of all, and now, through the generous liberality of Sir Hormusjee Mody and the Chinese communities of Hongkong and Canton, as well as that of local merchants, we have witnessed the materialisation of Sir Frederick's scheme, which not very far distant date was generally regarded as visionary and impracticable.\n\nSir Frederick Lugard has enjoyed the pleasure of seeing his hopes fulfilled and of himself laying the foundation stone of Hongkong University. It may be that he will yet be occupying the Governorship of the Colony when the time comes for it to be opened, and such a consummation would be entirely fitting and gratifying to all concerned. At the presentation of the Chinese address yesterday, Hon. Dr. Ho Kai expressed the hope that during his sojourn in England, Sir Frederick would be able to obtain still further donations towards the University scheme and its endowment, and His Excellency assured his hearers, with characteristic terseness, that he would do his best, though pointing out at the same time that the matter is one that primarily affects us out here.\n\nBut it is not only in the case of the University that His Excellency has left his distinctive work upon our Colonial administration. To the matter of the Canton-Kowloon Railway, and especially of the British section, he has shown intense interest and endeavour to speed on the work and keep down expenses, which unfortunately have amounted to so much more than the estimates. His Excellency has kept himself in constant touch with the progress of the line and has made many journeys along the track in order to see for himself how things were proceeding. His last visit was made only a few days ago, on which occasion he was accompanied by the principal Government officials. The party traversed the whole route to the boundary by rail, with the exception of No. 4 bridge, which had to be crossed on foot. So that Sir Frederick will be able to report favourably, when he reaches home, upon the constructional progress if not upon the stated costs.\n\nOne could dilate almost endlessly upon the many public measures that have been effected under the aegis of Sir F. Lugard. Space permits of dealing with only a few of the more important. But this article would be incomplete without reference to the financial policy initiated by His Excellency when the funds of the Colonial Exchequer had become depleted and the revenue was still falling. Some bold step was obviously necessary to make ends meet.\n\nPage 383",
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        "id": 429058,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 399,
        "title": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "2\n\nserious fresh outbreak. How far this will prove to be true it would be hazardous to prognosticate.\n\nThat the Central Government are satisfied with the manner in which Jui Cheng, the Acting Viceroy of Hukuang, and Yang Wen-ting, the Acting Governor of Hunan, have dealt with the situation is proved by an edict issued a few days ago, making their acting appointments substantive. As a rule, substantive appointments to officials doing temporary or acting duty in such high posts are not given until after considerably longer service than in these two cases, and the promptitude with which these appointments have been confirmed is particularly significant, in view of the fact that certain strong elements in Hupei and Hunan had been reported as agitating against these two officials.\n\nI am now fully in accord with the instruction contained in your telegram No. 82 of the 2nd instant, that it would be neither judicious nor proper to include questions quite unconnected with the recent riots in a settlement of the case, but I cannot help sharing the opinion of His Majesty's consul-general at Hankow that there will be no real or permanent security against fresh trouble in Hunan so long as the long-pending questions involving our treaty rights are not definitely settled one way or the other.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nW. G. MAX MÜLLER.\n\nEnclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nActing Consul Hewlett to Mr. Max Müller,\n\n(No. 31.) Sir,\n\nChangsha, June 6, 1910,\n\nTHE three direct causes of the recent outbreak at Changsha, as recorded in my despatch of the 4th May, appear to me to exist at the present moment in an aggravated form.\n\n1. The Shortage of Rice on the Market.\n\nAt present if anyone wishes to buy rice he has to proceed to one of the comparatively few rice shops still doing business, deposit his money (at 8,200 cash a picul), and call for his rice next day.\n\nWith the governor's orders to lower the price of rice the dealers refuse to comply until larger supplies justify this measure. The sums set against the names of generous notables in the long lists of subscribers to the rice funds given in the local papers appear to be like railway subscriptions—merely paper promises.\n\nThe governor takes no steps to verify the common report that Yeh Te-hui has tens of thousands of piculs stored away; and it is left to General Yang to see the matter thoroughly investigated.\n\nA body of rice-seekers were allowed to hold heated discussion outside the Lin-Yang Gate yesterday, despite the supposed state of martial law and prohibition of all assemblies.\n\n2. The Hostility of the Masons and Carpenters.\n\nAlthough the complicity of these men in the riots was reported to the Throne their guild's pretensions remained unchanged, and the local authorities make no attempt to control them, accepting apparently as quite satisfactory the sole exception of His Majesty's consulate from their claim to monopolise work in Hunan.\n\nOn the 4th June the masons and certain of the gentry held a meeting to discuss a general strike as a protest against the punishment of the gentry. I am told that Wong Hsien-chien urged the masons not to strike, as it might cost him his head; but the masons replied that as the gentry had supported them in the past the guilds would uphold them during their present difficulties. The meeting was ultimately adjourned till the 6th or 7th June.\n\n3. The Weakness of the Local Authorities and the Power of the Anti-foreign Political Association.\n\nIn discussing the apportionment of blame in the despatch above referred to, I stated: \"It is a most certain fact that unless an exemplary lesson is brought home to the political association of Hunan the recent riots will but prove the first step to what might develop into a revolution.\" The lesson has not been brought home, and not only have I no reason to modify this assertion, I would repeat it with emphasis.\n\nThe first edicts condemning the four gentry principally implicated were hailed with delight by nine-tenths of the residents of Changsha, and especially by the regular troops. The mild penalties announced in the later edict have rendered the gentry more reckless and dangerous than ever, while irritating the regular troops of Hunan, who have a very fair and just idea of the punishment these men deserve, and whose one longing is that the Central Government should be resolute and prompt in dealing with the guilty gentry.\n\nThe provincial assembly has already demanded that all matters affecting the settlement of the riots should be referred to them. Further, they have asked the governor why the indemnity has not been paid at once and the case closed. A special session has been called for this month; in fact, there is every indication that the fight over treaty questions is to be renewed with keener vigour than ever, and the situation, if not firmly handled, can only end in complications of a most serious kind.\n\nThere are other causes in addition to the three mentioned, which lead me to think that the situation here is serious.\n\nRecently the township of Ch'uan-chiao-ho, 30 miles from Iyang, was destroyed by a gang of rioters, who were more or less armed. This involved the destruction of an out-station under the Norwegian Missionary Society. The destruction was followed by the burning of thirty homesteads. Soldiers appeared on the scene, and the rioters dispersed. Their next appearance was at Hua-Shih, 20 miles south of Hsiang-T'an, where they destroyed a chapel belonging to the American United Evangelical Church Mission. Here again the troops appeared, late, though three men implicated were caught.\n\nThis gang consists at present of thirty-four men. They wear yellow scarves on their heads, and are in uniform; they also have flags bearing the inscription, as in the Boxer days, \"Support the dynasty and exterminate the foreigner.\" Now an interesting fact to note is that, with about 13,000 men in the provincial troops, 6,000 in the regular troops, and 3,000 in the river guard boats, up to the present no force has been detached to exterminate this band, whose audacity is increasing. They call themselves \"Men of the superhuman striking art,\" and bound themselves as a band at Hsiang-T'an, where as at Iyang their adherents are known to be numerous.\n\nIt is true that the local authorities profess themselves masters of the situation; but up to the actual outbreak of trouble nothing could have been more satisfactory than the assurances of the then governor and Customs taotai, in face of which I felt it useless to set my own apprehension in applying for one of His Majesty's ships to the naval authorities.\n\nThe present absence of any effective precaution on the part of the provincial authorities against renewed trouble compels me to state deliberately that His Majesty's ship \"Nightingale\" is not sufficiently imposing to convince the hostile element in Changsha and in Hunan generally of the importance attached by His Majesty's Government to safeguarding British lives and property in this province. I am fully aware of the many and complex duties of His Majesty's squadron in these waters, and I trust that the above declaration of my honest conviction, which my sense of duty forces me to record, will not be misconstrued.\n\nI will close this despatch with the last curious phase in an exceedingly difficult situation. This is the unmistakable friction between General Yang and the governor.\n\nGeneral Yang during the last week paid me one open and two secret visits, and gave me his secret views, assuring me, I believe quite truly, that he speaks to me freely because of our exceptional friendship and his knowledge that all foreigners in Hunan rely on me for advice and protection.\n\nGeneral Yang states emphatically, and his opinion is endorsed by many others, that Governor Yang is utterly incapable of facing the present situation. He asserts that but for the vigour displayed by the Viceroy of Wuchang, trouble would at once break out in Changsha. He speaks in the highest terms of the justice shown by the Viceroy in apportioning blame, and says that the governor would never have taken such steps on his own responsibility.\n\nHe begged me most earnestly not to believe the official assurances that order was completely restored, and that there was no danger of further troubles. He pointed",
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        "id": 435357,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-384 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 137,
        "title": "CO129-384 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n## SECTION 1\n\n### No. 1\n\n(No. 238.)  \nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received June 24.)  \nPeking, June 5, 1911.\n\nTHE policy of the State ownership of railways, to which the Government are now definitely committed, has formed the subject of three recent edicts, copies of which are enclosed herewith.\n\nThe first deals with the province of Szechuan, and orders the abolition of the system under which the farmers are obliged to make contributions towards railway construction based upon the assessed value of their holdings. The money, it is stated, has been extorted from the people by fraud, and years have passed without anything having been done in the way of railway construction. The collection of these so-called rent shares is to cease, and the new director-general of railways is instructed to ascertain the amount already collected, and submit a report to the Throne for such action as the circumstances may appear to justify.\n\nThe second decree refers to Hunan, and is based upon a memorial in which a metropolitan official, acting doubtless under orders, had advocated that the levy of special taxes for railway construction in that province should cease. After expressing its sympathy with the sufferings of the people in terms suited to the popular ear, the Throne orders the abolition of all these unauthorised levies, and instructs Tuan Fang to have the whole question fully investigated.\n\nThe third and last decree administers a sharp rebuke to the Governor of Hunan, who had ventured to submit a petition from the provincial Assembly, asking permission to construct their own railways without the aid of foreign capital. The attitude of the provincial Assembly is construed as in the nature of a menace, and the governor is taken severely to task for having encouraged it.\n\nHis Excellency Tuan Fang, who leaves Peking in a few days, will take up his residence at Wuchang, whence he will direct the railway operations in Hunan and Hupei. He counts upon the active support of his kinsman, Jui Cheng, the viceroy of the two provinces, who also resides in Wuchang, and speaks with confidence of having through railway communication with Hong Kong established in three years.\n\nI have, &c.  \nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n### Enclosure 1 in No. 1\n\nExtract from the \"Gazette\" of May 22, 1911.\n\n**IMPERIAL EDICT**\n\nSOME time ago we issued an edict, commanding that all trunk lines of railway should revert to Government control, and appointing Tuan Fang director-general of the Canton-Hankow and Szechuan-Hankow Railways, with the rank of expectant vice-president of a board. We ordered him to proceed to his post with all speed, and carry out his duties circumspectly. The object of this resolute action on the part of the Throne was to centralise the control of the railways, and thereby relieve to some extent the financial embarrassment of the people. When the Szechuan Railway was commenced the officials and gentry of the province decided to enforce subscription to shares in proportion to the rent value of property held. Though it was nominally a commercial enterprise, the money has actually been collected from the people by fraud, and, in spite of the lapse of several years, the railway has not yet been completed. Besides, this last year there was a very large deficiency in the funds, so that the malpractices on that line are very numerous. Under these circumstances it is clear that the public have been put to much trouble without any considerable benefit to the railway. Subsequently Hunan province adopted the same system of taking up rent shares, though its financial condition is worse even than that of Szechuan. At the",
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        "id": 445779,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-406 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "page_number": 250,
        "title": "CO129-406 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "content_text": "4\n\nthrown into prison, the doors of which were sealed. they were told that they were to stay until they had a fine of 2,000 dollars was inflicted on each. their ultimate fate.\n\nOn the 24th May Mr. Bucknall wrote :----\n\nNo beds were allowed them, and overcome their craving. It is said\n\nI have no further information as to\n\n\"I have found some opium in flower on the hills of Taiping, and picked about forty plants, which I showed to the official, but did not mention what I intended to do with it. He asked me where I picked it, and I told him.”\n\nHaimen. The Haimen magistrate has been active in the suppression of cultivation, making personal excursions and causing all growing plants to be destroyed wherever found. Two hundred soldiers were sent into the mountains round T'aichow to shoot all proprietors of land bearing poppy.\n\nThere is said to be no opium planted in the immediate neighbourhood of Haimen. Taiping. The Taiping magistrate made a raid among the T'aichow Islands searching for opium, and, armed with a revolver, went through the streets locating the opium shops. Fines were imposed on all, and some shops were torn down. \"One cultivator was arrested and beaten until he disclosed the names of other growers, who were forced to destroy their crops. At the same place during March this resolute magistrate actually nailed down in coffins two living opium smokers, with the remark that by doing so he had done them the good turn of providing them with coffins free and of curing them of the habit!\n\nMr. Bucknall writes\n\n\"Wongan.-The Wongan official has deepened a canal 30 li in length on the proceeds of opium fines,\n\n\"I have not seen any poppy this year, and there is, as far as I can hear, practically none grown in the districts of Taichow, Wongan, and Taiping. There is probably some in very out-of-the-way places where the officials have not been able to find it, or where the people not expecting the officials to return have planted the roots that have been pulled up, but I have only heard of this being done on the T'aichow Islands, even there one would have to be taken to the place to be able to find it.\n\n\"There are, I hear, some thirty mo of poppy coming into flower in the Linghai district, but the officials know about it and have ordered the soldiers, who are making a tour of the Taichow districts, to go and destroy it, which will be done within the next fortnight.\n\n\"As far as I can ascertain there is none imported. The opium used by the smokers is said to be the remains of last year's crop, and its price having fallen from 8 'tsfien' to 2 'lang' per Mexican dollar would seem to prove this, as opium, I believe, is dearer in other places.\n\n\"There are opium hospitals everywhere in the T'aichow districts, and if they are not cured in their own hospitals, where their friends will sometimes smuggle opium to them, they are taken to Taichow-fu, where their friends cannot hinder, and if after a certain time they are not cured, lots are cast, and one in every four are taken out and shot, and then another trial is made, and so on until there is an end of them. Two hundred have been cured at the Taichow Islands since the official's visit some two months ago, and taking this as an average, tens, if not hundreds, of thousands must have been cured in the T'aichow districts alone.\n\n\"Officials are catching all the opium smokers they can find. It is impossible to give any statement as to how many are left. I hear that when an opium smoker wants to have a smoke he goes to some out-of-the-way place, such as an old deserted temple, and smokes his opium through a bamboo stick with a hole bored in it, and then throws away the stick.\n\n\"As to smuggling it in there is not enough to be made to warrant the risk taken, for if they were caught they would probably be shot. The steamers would not take the risk either.\n\n\"There is plenty of opium being grown in the Wenchow districts, and if you desired photographs or roots (plants) I will get them for you.”\n\nIn conclusion I have the honour to express the opinion that had there been any other considerable growth of opium, or any marked consumption, I should have been informed by the missionaries in the district concerned, and I would judge that Messrs. Esras' complaint, as detailed in the letter enclosed in the despatch under acknowledgement, is groundless as far as this district is concerned.\n\nEnclosure 5 in No. 1.\n\nConsul Savage to Mr. Alston.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nG. W. PEARSON.\n\n(No. 9.) Sir,\n\nHangchow, July 18, 1913.\n\nREFERRING to your despatch of the 29th May calling for information as to the truth of the assertion of the authorities of this province that they have effectively suppressed the cultivation of the opium poppy and the smoking of opium, I have the honour to report that, on receipt of this despatch, I sent a circular letter to missionary stations in nine districts of this province, asking for reports on the subject.\n\nI have received replies from Yen Chow Fu, Shao Hsing Fu, Taichow Fu, Ch'a Chow Fu, Yung K'ang, Lung Ch'uan and one other place. Most of these replies were emphatic as to the severity of the measures taken to suppress both the cultivation and the smoking of opium, and their effectiveness. One or two were a little guarded as to the actual suppression of cultivation, owing to lack of personal observation or want of definite information; but they all agreed that not very much could have escaped the extreme vigilance of the authorities and their informers.\n\nThe Reverend Mr. Thompson, of T'aichow, reports that even in that district cultivation has been rigorously suppressed, though he admits the probability of a few poppy fields in isolated places among the hills having escaped observation. But he states, on the other hand, that: \"nobody denies but that there is very little diminution of opium smoking,\" there being probably secret hoards buried in various places,\" and I am told little pots are left at certain rendezvous at night, the price having been paid beforehand, for it is too dangerous to pass it from hand to hand.\" He also relates having detected the landlord of some premises rented by himself, smoking with a number of his friends in a room reserved for his own use. Mr. Thompson reported the facts to the local magistrate, after eliciting his promise that he would not execute the landlord. The magistrate told him that he had great difficulty in getting information about the opium, as the guards were \"open to blackmail for suppression and bribes for overlooking.\" He says this experience was doubtless but one instance among a thousand, although in some places the reputation is greater than in others.'\n\nI may mention that, although I addressed my letters in all cases to British missions, the replies I received in two cases were from non-British members of the mission, either because the British resident missionary was absent or because the resident missionary was a foreigner. In both cases, judging from the names, the senders of the replies appear to have been Germans,\n\nI purposely selected one of the most remote places in the hilly country in the south of the province, namely Lung Ch'uan. The report from there was excellent.\n\nI have not as yet addressed any questions to the opium importers at Shangai. Their information would be obtained from native dealers, and would be likely to be tainted by strong bias. On the other hand, the neighbourhood of all missionary establishments may have been more carefully purged of opium than other places.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nV. L. SAVAGE.\n\n0\n\n249",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-418 - Public Offices & Others - 1914",
        "page_number": 188,
        "title": "CO129-418 - Public Offices & Others - 1914",
        "content_text": "## \n\nand \n\n182 \n\nwork is extremely good. \n\nMiss Shimmer is cheerful, devoted to her daughter's welfare, resolute, conscientious. \n\nDuring that time Miss Shimmer proved herself to be a competent teacher, upright in her methods and specially gentle and thorough, sympathetic with children.\n\nMr. Hoyt Tamme believes she would be quite capable of organizing a girl's school as she has made a special study of Psychology, and her...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-418 - Public Offices & Others - 1914",
        "page_number": 287,
        "title": "CO129-418 - Public Offices & Others - 1914",
        "content_text": "# Memorial on the Sale of Opium in British Crown Colonies & Protectorates\n\nThe Yearly Meeting of the Society of Friends in Great Britain, now assembled in London, desires to call the attention of the Secretary of State for the Colonies to the need of stringent legislation for limiting to medical use the sale of opium in Hong Kong, the Straits Settlements, the Federated Malay States, and British North Borneo.\n\nThe resolute action of the Chinese Government in suppressing the opium trade, notwithstanding the important revenue derived therefrom, and the great pecuniary interests involved, has been recognised by the British Government, which has repeatedly expressed its desire to co-operate with China in this great reform. By the Hague Opium Convention, in the framing of which the British delegates took a considerable share, the signatory Powers are pledged to a policy of prohibition except for medical use.\n\nIn view of these considerations, we would respectfully urge that the British Government cannot, without serious injury to its reputation and to the highest interests of those for whom it is responsible, show itself less careful of the social, moral, and physical well-being of the Chinese residents in Hong Kong and Malaya than the Chinese Government has shown itself with regard to those resident within its jurisdiction.\n\nSigned on behalf and by direction of the said Meeting.\n\n**John St. Loe Strachey** (Recording Clerk)\n\nDevonshire House, 136 Bishopsgate, London, E.C.\n\n28th of 5th month, 1914.",
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    {
        "id": 469502,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917",
        "page_number": 376,
        "title": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917",
        "content_text": "[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\nC.O.\n\n[November 3.]\n\n61261\n\nSECTION 2.\n\nREC\n\n[212689]\n\nNOR 14 DEC17\n\nMemorandum communicated by Japanese Ambassador, November 3, 1917.\n\nIT is an undeniable fact that Germany has in the past been at pains to create discord between Japan and America, and circumstances are not lacking showing that the political situation in China has also been exploited for this purpose. The matter was made the subject of discussion in the conferences recently held between the Special Ambassador of Japan and the American Secretary of State, and as the result of the exchange of their views, the Governments of Japan and the United States have come to the decision to publish the accompanying notes, deeming as they do that the public announcement at this juncture as to the existence of complete harmony of views between the two countries in regard to their position and policy in China would carry a long way in defeating the German machination. It is further believed that such an announcement would not only serve the interests of both countries and China equally, but would prove at the same time to be an additional demonstration of the resolute solidarity of the Allies.\n\nEnclosure in No. 1.\n\nExchange of Notes.\n\n(1.)\n\nExcellency,\n\nNote from Mr. Lansing to Viscount Ishii.\n\nWashington, November 2, 1917.\n\nI HAVE the honour to communicate herein my understanding of the agreement reached by us in our recent conversations touching the questions of mutual interest to our Governments relating to the Republic of China.\n\nIn order to silence mischievous reports that have from time to time been circulated, it is believed by us that a public announcement once more of the desires and intentions shared by our two Governments with regard to China is advisable.\n\nThe Governments of the United States and Japan recognise that territorial propinquity creates special relations between countries, and consequently the Government of the United States recognises that Japan has special interests in China, particularly in that part to which her possessions are contiguous.\n\nThe territorial sovereignty of China nevertheless remains unimpaired, and the Government of the United States has every confidence in the repeated assurances of the Imperial Japanese Government that, while geographical position gives Japan such special interests, they have no desire to discriminate against the trade of other nations or to disregard the commercial rights heretofore granted by China in the treaties with other Powers.\n\nThe Governments of the United States and Japan deny that they have any purpose to infringe in any way the independence or territorial integrity of China, and they declare furthermore that they always adhere to the principle of the so-called \"open door\" or equal opportunity of commerce and industry in China.\n\nMoreover, they mutually declare that they are opposed to the acquisition by any Government of any special rights or privileges that would affect the independence or territorial integrity of China, or that would deny to the subjects or citizens of any country the full enjoyment of equal opportunity in the commerce and industry of China.\n\nI shall be glad to have your Excellency confirm this understanding of the agreement reached by us.\n\nAccept, Excellency, &c.\n\nLANSING,\n\n[2745 c-2]",
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    {
        "id": 475856,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-447 - Governor Sir May - 1918 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 220,
        "title": "CO129-447 - Governor Sir May - 1918 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "216\n\nand Sergeant Clarke and the edge that there were others besides the laws in the place. Eventually the engine was sent for and a hose carried through Queen's Road argued at the house from A.\n\non the opposite side of the\n\nbut the force of water proved not enough to break the windows or drive out the quarry. With difficulty the peaceful occupants were induced to come out of No. 6 and Police also took possession of the\n\non either side. From the back of the house the Police were able to see\n\nthe small room where Inspector Evan and Sergeant Clarke lay prone on the floor apparently dead.\n\nroom\n\nabout half-past one o'clock Sergt. who had gone up a passage at the back of the block of buildings and into the leyway at the back of No. 6 in the hope of picking off one of the gang with his revolver, was seen to come hobbling out to those in a passage way on the side of the street. A sortie was made and he was found to have received a wound in the fleshy part of the leg. He staggered into Queen's Road and was placed on an ambulance for treatment at the\n\nby one of the outlaws, in the act of climbing down the back of the house from floor to another, was shot through the abdomen and fell into the yard behind where his body was subsequently found broken and lifeless. Another was\n\nseen to be hiding on the ground-floor at the back of the building. The Police called upon him to surrender but he threatened that if any steps were taken to arrest him he would shoot.\n\nFinally he was told that he would be allowed five minutes in which to give himself up, at the end of which he would be bombed out. As he remained resolute, a bomb was thrown over into the yard at the back and a loud explosion followed. Concluding that the man was killed, the Police entered the premises and found him lying wounded in the yard. The bomb, apparently, had not injured him but he had carried out his threat for he had a bullet wound in the head. There was another wound in the left shoulder,\n\nbut this, it is thought, he received earlier in the affray. He was taken out, still alive, and removed on an ambulance to the Hospital.\n\n+4\n\nThe Police were then lined up, and, entering the premises in two parties by different ways, made a thorough search. They found the bodies of Inspector O'Sullivan and Sergeant Clarke, as described, both shot through the head, and conveyed them to the Mortuary; Handcuffs were found near them, indicating the object of their visit. In the premises, ammunition, knives and gags were also discovered. It is assumed that the robbers belonged to the North. One was well dressed in European style, with gold sleeve links and a gold watch. The others wore short fur-lined coats.\n\nThe police acted with great courage and are deserving of every praise for the way in which they dealt with an extremely difficult and dangerous situation. Sergts. Wills, Cockle, Murphy and Peplow and others constantly exposed themselves to grave risks in the execution of their duty. The Captain Superintendent (Mr. Mel Messer) was early on the scene, and later he was joined by Mr. P. P. J. Wodehouse, D.S.P., Mr. T. H. King, A.S.P., Mr. T. F. Hough, A.S.P. (R), Mr. Franks, A.S.P. (R.), and Major Robertson, the last named bringing the bombing party and machine-gun. A number of Police Reservists, also, armed with rifles and revolvers, were present almost from the beginning.\n\nH.E. the Governor arrived shortly after one o'clock, and, indifferent to the danger, went straight to the besieged premises and remained to the end.\n\nDuring the siege a Chinese detective who had discarded his tunic, was seen to run out of a house in Queen's Road, mistaken for one of the robbers trying to escape, carrying a revolver, and, being fired at had a lucky escape as he was not hit.\n\nThe late Inspector Mortimer O'Sullivan was forty-one years of age. He joined the Hongkong Police Force in 1890 as a constable, attaining the rank of Sergeant in 1903, Full class in 1912, and first class in 1914. He was promoted Inspector (third class) in 1911, and was considered one of the most efficient members of the Force. He leaves a wife and family.\n\nDetective Sergt. Clarke, also, had been in the Force for many years and was a married man.\n\nWe are informed that the Chinese living in the neighbourhood have suspected the existence of a band of robbers in their midst as every night for some time past thefts have been committed in the Street and Up Fai Street, block of houses lying between Gresson",
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    {
        "id": 481261,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-456 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1919 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 498,
        "title": "CO129-456 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1919 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "GOVERNMENT HOUSE.\nHONGKONG. 31st December, 1919.\n\nMy Lord,\n\nI have the honour to forward for Your Lordship's information a copy of the verdict of the Jury in the Coroner's Inquiry held concerning the deaths of Mr. J. L. Speed and Mr. Harnan Singh, late Warders in Victoria Gaol.\n\n2.\n\nIt would appear that during the night of the 14th December, 1919, one of the prisoners lodged in the Gaol succeeded in escaping from his cell by cutting out the lock of the door. Having done so, he proceeded to open by means of a roughly made key the cells of three other prisoners whom he released. The escaped prisoners thereupon attacked with knives Warder Speed who was on duty in the Chief Warder's Office and Warder Harnam Singh who was on guard outside the condemned prisoners' cell. Warder Speed appears to have made a resolute fight but he was eventually overpowered and stabbed in numerous places.\n\n3.\n\nThe prisoners appear to have escaped by means of a rope thrown over the prison wall but whether with assistance from outside the Gaol or not it is impossible to say. Evidence is however clear that the escape was only made possible by collusion on the part of persons inside the Gaol and a strict investigation is being made by the Superintendent. A reward of $500 has been offered for information leading to the arrest of any of the escaped prisoners.\n\n4.\n\nTHE RIGHT HONOURABLE\nVISCOUNT MILNER, G.C.B.,\n&c.,\n&c.,\n&c.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-456 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1919 [10-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 481267,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-456 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1919 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 504,
        "title": "CO129-456 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1919 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "Hey the allies of three other prisoners whom he released. They escaped. Thereupon the prison officers attacked forthwith them. Wan Office Warder Teen who was on duty in the Chief Warden's and Warder Harnam bungalow who was on guard were attacked. The condemned prisoner's all. Warder speed appears to have made a resolute fight but was eventually overpowered and disabled.\n\n2. The prisoners then appear to have escaped by hauling a rope thrown over the prison wall. A reward of $500 has been offered for information bearing to the arrest of any of the escaped prisoners and one man has since been recaptured. A chief investigation of all the circumstances is in hand.\n\n3. This is for the Jury. The Coroner's inquiring held concerning the deaths of your husband and her. Harnam high found that they died as a result of injuries inflicted on them by escaped prisoners during their escape from Victoria's Gaol in the fight.\n\n485 Good Bu the early morning of the 16th Dec. 1919 and expressed their deepest sympathy with the deceased.\n\nDRAFT. The native offices. Kavats that also in the Mr. Mr. Mr.\n\nMINUTE. Mr. Grindle. Sir H. Lambert. Sir H. Read. Sir G. Fiddes. Col. Amery. Lord Milner. The Attorney an expression of sympathy of Govt. with may be conveyed.\n\n(Signed) G. CRINDLE Bym.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-456 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1919 [10-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 489215,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 363,
        "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "# This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL.**\n\nF 330/330/10\n\n[January 28.]\n\n## SECTION 1.\n\nNo. 1.\n\nMr. Clive to Earl Curzon.-(Received January 28, 1921.)\n\n(No. 763.)\n\nPeking, November 27, 1920.\n\nMy Lord,\n\nWITH reference to your Lordship's despatch No. 425 of the 12th August last, I have the honour to transmit herewith a copy of further correspondence with the Wai-chiao Fu respecting opium cultivation in the province of Fukien.\n\nAs your Lordship will observe, the attitude of the Chinese authorities towards the question gives every cause for dissatisfaction. Not only Fukien but very many other provinces of China are drifting rapidly back to the state of things existing before the opium treaties, and the amount of opium now grown - more or less openly - in China is so great as to make the attempt to kill the abuse by preventing importation from abroad little more than a farce. One result of this lamentable condition is that Chinese-grown opium is constantly smuggled from place to place within the country, and it is a cause of bitter complaint by British owners of Yang-taze steamers that their ships are frequently stopped and penalised by the customs authorities because smuggled opium has been found on board, having been stowed away by members of the native crew - helped by accomplices on shore - without the knowledge of the ship's officers or any of the Europeans concerned. The difficulty of detecting the hidden opium during the voyage is, of course, very great when the crew are banded together, and resolute action against smuggling by the ship's officers has, in at least one recent case, resulted in the murder of the zealous officer.\n\nThe shipping companies point out that it is intolerable that they and their employees should be made responsible for checking a traffic which exists owing to the indifference, connivance or even participation of the Chinese authorities, and the idea is freely canvassed, especially by officials of the Chinese Maritime Customs and shipping companies in the Yang-taze, that the only ultimate solution consists in legalising the opium trade in China under a system of Government control. The views of the latter are contained in the enclosed memorandum by the agent of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire.\n\nI discussed the question with the Commissioner of Customs at Shanghai when I was there for the conference of British Chambers of Commerce, and on my return to Peking with the acting Inspector-General. Both were most seriously concerned at the existing state of affairs, and in the present disordered state of China could see no satisfactory solution other than legalisation in some form of opium. Mr. Bowra has sent me privately some notes on the subject which he has prepared, and which I have the honour to enclose.\n\nThe question was also discussed at the recent conference of British Chambers of Commerce at Shanghai, when forcible attention was drawn to the position outlined above.\n\nFinally, I have the honour to enclose copy of a despatch from His Majesty's consul at Ichang, who reluctantly comes to the same conclusion as the Customs authorities and the steamship agents. Mr. Smith draws attention to another side of the question, viz., the growing tendency of Chinese to associate themselves with the less reputable element among the foreign business community in order to obtain the protection of a foreign flag under which to conduct this nefarious traffic.\n\nWhile I must not be understood to be endorsing the solution advocated, I think it only right that His Majesty's Government should realise how extremely serious the present position is which, far from showing any signs of improvement, is gradually drifting from bad to worse.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nR. H. CLIVE",
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    {
        "id": 490053,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 544,
        "title": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "# \n## 106\n\nThe province was practically clean of the poppy (except for a slight recrudescence at the time of the revolution of 1911) for some years, until cultivation recommenced during 1918 and 1919 in the extreme west near the borders of the tribal country, and also in the east along the Yang-tsze above and below Chungking. No reliable reports have been received in regard to the situation in the west, but, as regards the east of the province, His Majesty's consul at Chungking reports that there is conclusive evidence to show that considerable progress has been made towards suppression again.\n\nAs regards Kueichou, His Majesty's consul-general at Yunnan-fu reports that every encouragement short of written authority has been given by the provincial authorities to grow the poppy, and that a special bureau under the guise of a Military Accounts Department has been instituted to collect the revenue from the opium produced. The opium has been seen growing in the districts of Chenyuan, Shihping, Hsinchow, Huanping, Chingping, Pingyueh, Huanghsien, Kueiting, Lungli, Kueiyang, Chingchen, Anping, Anshun, Ch'ienhsi, and Chihchin, and in the month of May, the reaping of the opium crop was paralysing all other work.\n\nAs regards Yunnan, reports state that opium was grown this year in the districts of Chaotung, Tungchuan, Lutien, Kutsing, Luchuan, Wuting, Hsuntien, Yuanmow, Karwa, Kwangnan, Tengchung, Likiang, Chienchuan, Hoching, and elsewhere; in fact, generally speaking, almost all over the province where the soil and climate are suitable. In one district, the price of opium was 1 dollar per ounce in February, 50 cents in March, and 30 cents in May.\n\n## Manchuria (Fengtien, Kirin, Heilungchiang)\n\nA small amount of cultivation has been carried on in mountainous parts on the borders of the three provinces, notably on the Korean frontier. The inspecting officials are no doubt often squared, but inspection and suppression are by no means easily carried out in these wild regions.\n\n## Hsinchiang\n\nReports on the cultivation of the poppy this spring in Chinese Turkestan have not yet been received.\n\n## Summary\n\nTo sum up, the poppy is shown to have been cultivated on a fairly extensive scale this season in the following provinces: Shensi, Hunan, Hupei, Honan, Fukien, Kueichou, Yunnan, and Szechuan. The Southern authorities are nominally responsible for the cultivation in Hunan, Hupei, Fukien, Kueichou, Yunnan, and Szechuan; and the Peking Government for cultivation in Fukien, Honan, and Shensi. In general, it may be taken that the military authorities, who are in most cases a law unto themselves, and whom the Southern and Northern Governments cannot or dare not coerce into obedience, are entirely to blame for the cultivation which continues.\n\n## June 1920\n\n## No. 46\n\n**Mr. Clive to Earl Curzon**.-(Received January 28, 1921.)\n\nMy Lord,\n\nPeking, November 27, 1920. I HAVE the honour to transmit herewith a copy of correspondence with the Wai-chiao Pu respecting opium cultivation in the province of Fukien.\n\nAs your Lordship will observe, the attitude of the Chinese authorities towards the question gives every cause for dissatisfaction. Not only Fukien but very many other provinces of China are drifting rapidly back to the state of things existing before the opium treaties, and the amount of opium now grown - more or less openly - in China is so great as to make the attempt to kill the abuse by preventing importation from abroad little more than a farce. One result of this lamentable condition is that Chinese-grown opium is constantly smuggled from place to place within the country, and it is a cause of bitter complaint by British owners of Yang-tsze steamers that their ships are frequently stopped and penalised by the customs authorities because smuggled opium has been found on board, having been stowed away by members of the native crew helped by accomplices on shore without the knowledge of the ship's officers or any of the Europeans concerned. The difficulty of detecting the hidden opium during the voyage is, of course, very great when the crew are banded together, and resolute action against smuggling by the ship's officers has, in at least one recent case, resulted in the murder of the zealous officer.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n## Enclosure 1 in No. 46\n\n**Wai-chiao Pu to Mr. Clive**\n\nR. H. CLIVE.\n\n(Translation.) Sir,\n\nAugust 2, 1920. I HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of Sir Beilby Alston's letter of the 12th May, in which he enclosed three photographs of poppy fields in full bloom in the province of Fukien, two in a part under northern jurisdiction and one under southern jurisdiction. The latter expressed the hope that an example would be made of those responsible.\n\nOn receipt of the above letter, this Ministry wrote to the officer occupying the joint posts of Military and Civil Governor requesting him secretly to send an officer to the localities concerned for the purpose of making an investigation. From the reply which has now been received from him, it is learnt that, disregarding the photograph of poppy fields in a part of Fukien under southern jurisdiction, he handed the remaining two photographs to the former magistrate of Te-hua district, Li Hung-chou, and to his own aide-de-camp, Liu Chin-yung, and despatched these officers to make a close examination of the localities concerned. He had subsequently received from them the following joint report :-\n\n\"We proceeded together on the 1st June with all speed to the territory of P'u-t'ien, and after exhaustive search in all directions discovered not so much as the trace of a single poppy plant within the lines occupied by our forces. But at Hue-t'ing and Hou Shan, two places on the boundary of the Tien and Hsien-yu districts, opium has been illicitly cultivated in a few places, and here Mr. Cole took a couple of photographs. These two places are both some 10 miles from the district city, and taking the distance into consideration, they are probably the two photographs of places referred to in the British Minister's note as being within northern jurisdiction. Thus, there can be no doubt that the places where the photographs were taken were Hua-t'ing and Hou Shan.\n\n\"Now these two localities are in the neutral ground between the northern and southern lines. In general, the troops keep strictly within their own lines for fear lest, by crossing the boundary agreed upon, misunderstandings and collisions might arise. In consequence, the above two places were rarely visited by our forces, with the result that a few of the stupid and ignorant country people, greedy for their petty profits, engaged in illicit cultivation. Subsequently, the district magistrate, Pao Wei, discovered the state of affairs, and wrote on the 28th April requesting Colonel Wang Hsien Ch'en to send his aide-de-camp Ch'en K'an to the locality in order to enforce the uprooting of the crop, and the country was then cleared of the poppy. The remainder of the Pu Han territory is entirely under northern control, and in none of the places through which we passed was there any trace of the poppy.\"\n\nThe Military Governor, when forwarding the above report, observes that it appears that the two photographs sent by the British Minister were taken at places in the neutral zone between the northern and southern lines, and that as soon as poppy cultivation was discovered, officers were sent to uproot it and clear the country of the crop; it can be seen that he, in his capacity of Military and of Civil Governor, together with his subordinates, has been not insincere in his efforts to suppress opium. The Governor requests me to write to you in accordance with his reply.\n\nIn transmitting the above to you for your information, I avail, &c.\n\n**(Seal of the Wai-chiao Pu)**\n\n## 107 \n## 543",
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        "id": 500220,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7]",
        "page_number": 624,
        "title": "CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7]",
        "content_text": "# CABLES.\n\n## LATEST CABLES. [THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]\n\n### EIGHT-HOUR DAY BILL.\n\n#### RATIFIED BY THE FRENCH CHAMBER.\n\nPARIS, July 9th.\n\nThe Chamber unanimously adopted a Bill ratifying the Washington Eight hour-day Convention. The Bill contains a rider to the effect that the convention will not become effective in France until it has been ratified by Germany.\n\n## FAR EASTERN NEWS.\n\n### CABLE [THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY].\n\n#### UNREST IN THE NORTH.\n\n**THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, JULY 10TH, 1925**\n\n## REVOLUTIONS NOT SUPPRESSED WITH ROSE WATER.\n\nH.E. the Governor reviewed the present position in the Colony at the meeting of the Legislative Council yesterday afternoon, and heartily congratulated the community upon the evidence already given that \"we are not so helpless as our enemies had assumed.”\n\nAt the conclusion of the routine business of the meeting His Excellency said: Before we adjourn I think it would not be out of place for me to say a few words as to the situation with regard to what, for lack of a better phrase, we must call the Strike.\n\nAs I said at the last meeting of this Council, the present movement cannot be called a \"Strike\" in any proper sense of the word since those who have ceased to work have not done so with a view to attaining any definite object.\n\nIt has become increasingly clear that my own way is the right way by process of argument. But it takes two sides to make an argument and if the other side has no reasons to advance to support its point of view the possibility of argument ceases to exist and it is necessary to take other measures.\n\n### UNDESIRABLES.\n\nWe find now that people will not work. They have no reason to advance therefore we cannot discuss the matter. All that we can say is \"Very well, if you don't want to work, don't, but we cannot cumber this small area with idle mouths. If you will not work, you must leave us.\"\n\nThe Government has taken power to remove such idle mouths from the Colony. We have started on a small scale and invited some of those whose presence can most easily be dispensed with to seek other spheres of inactivity, to the number of about 100.\n\nIf necessary this process will be continued and intensified. If it were necessary I should have no hesitation in deporting from this Colony every adult who did not show by working that he was a useful member of the community.\n\nRevolutions, as the proverb says, are not made with rose-water. Neither are they suppressed by it, and this movement amounts to revolution against law and order.\n\nIt would appear from what has happened during the last fortnight that the main reason for the spread of the strike has been the cowardice and folly of the working classes, who allow themselves to be intimidated by the merest shadows of threats.\n\n### COWS CONFISCATED.\n\nShanghai, July 8. The situation continues hopeful. The day has been quiet except for further kidnapping of servants employed by foreigners and the confiscation by strikers of hundreds of cows as well as foodstuffs intended for foreigners' consumption. The tramway services have been curtailed.\n\nLondon, July 8. Commenting on the summaries of the report of the Tripier Mixed Commission, published in France blaming the British Police and the American Chairman of the Municipal Council in connection with the shooting in Shanghai, the **Daily Telegraph** diplomatic correspondent says:- \"The evidently calculated leakage of news should at least have the salutary effect that Britain cannot longer tolerate the comedy of a commission of three under penalty of seeing our prestige destroyed in China as, by not dissimilar methods, it was destroyed in Turkey.\"\n\n### \"MR. CHAMBERLAIN REPLIES.\"\n\nLondon, July 8. In the House of Commons, replying to questions, Mr. Chamberlain stated that he had not received any request from Shanghai that the British Government should forcibly intervene to restore normality in Shanghai.\n\n## HONGKONG STRIKE SITUATION.\n\n### FOOD SUPPLIES FOR EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AMPLE AND EASILY REPLENISHED.\n\nH.E. the Governor during the course of a welcome and reassuring statement made by him on the strike situation at yesterday's meeting of the Legislative Council said: As regards the present aspect of affairs, it is difficult to say anything definite. There are, I think, signs that the strikers are coming to their senses. Many are still going out but many are returning to work and I am not without hope that common-sense will shortly prevail over ignorance and fear.\n\nMeanwhile, we have got to carry on and see this thing through. The prospects are not such as to cause any alarm. Food supplies so far as the European community is concerned, are ample and can easily be replenished.\n\nThe inconvenience is not entirely on one side and I trust that the strikers will shortly find that the game is not worth the candle. We have had to take somewhat drastic measures to deal with the situation. If necessary those measures will become more drastic.\n\n### ATTACK ON LAW AND ORDER.\n\nIn this matter Hongkong stands by itself. An attack has been made upon us, as representing the existing standards of civilization by the agents of disorder and anarchy. No doubt we have been selected for attack because we are supposed to be a small and powerless community, and also because of our propinquity to a district which owing to a long period of war and mis-government has become a fertile soil for the cultivation of all the worst growths of Bolshevism, anarchism and communism.\n\nThe attack is not against this Government as a British Government, nor against foreigners as such. It has not even the excuse of being a nationalist movement. It is aimed against all law and order as may be seen from the fact that the respectable Chinese here are as much the object of attack as the European community.\n\n### SEDITIOUS LITERATURE AND INTIMIDATION.\n\nThe following regulation was made by the Governor-in-Council on Thursday under Section 2 of the **Emergency Regulations Ordinance, 1922**:\n\n1. Every person who-- \n   (1) prints, publishes, circulates distributes or has in his possession any seditious matter as defined in the **Seditious Publications Ordinance, 1914**; or\n   (2) by violence or threats of violence prevents or endeavours to prevent any other person from doing any act which he is legally entitled to do; or\n   (3) commits any offence against the provisions of section 22 of the **Summary Offence Ordinance, 1845**,\n   shall be liable upon summary conviction before a magistrate to \n   (1) imprisonment with hard labour for any term not exceeding two years; and \n   (2) flogging.\n\nBefore Mr. S. B. B. McElderry at the Central Magistracy yesterday, two Chinese were sentenced for having joint possession of a seditious pamphlet.\n\n### SEAMEN'S UNION.\n\nThe men were arrested near the Central Market on Tuesday evening, the seditious leaflet being found in the possession of one of them, who pointed out the other man as being the original owner of it.\n\nHis Worship said that he considered the case against the defendant who originally possessed the document as the more serious of the two. The sentence in his case would be six months' hard labour and he would further be bound over to be of good behaviour for one year on a $200 bond in two sureties.\n\n### CHINESE MERCHANTS' CORPS.\n\nA special Chinese Merchants' Corps is now being organised. It is believed that such a corps will relieve the police of a great deal of normal work.\n\nThe merchants will undertake to police the districts in which their shops are situated, various groups being responsible for specified streets.\n\n### PRESENT ASPECT OF AFFAIRS.\n\nAs regards the present aspect of affairs, it is difficult to say anything definite. There are, I think, signs that the strikers are coming to their senses. Many are still going out but many are returning to work and I am not without hope that common-sense will shortly prevail over ignorance and fear.\n\nMeanwhile, we have got to carry on and see this thing through. The prospects are not such as to cause any alarm. Food supplies so far as the European community is concerned, are ample and can easily be replenished.\n\n### DEALING WITH INTIMIDATORS.\n\nThe other way is this. Will you do your best to explain to your servants and to anyone over whom you have influence that the proper way to deal with an intimidator is to intimidate him? If you send your servant to market and, as often happens, somebody threatens him, make it clear to him that his proper course is to argue the matter out on the spot and that the best argument is a good stout bludgeon.\n\n### HOW TO HELP.\n\nI would, in conclusion, appeal to the community to help the Government in two ways. The first is this: Do not listen to, or believe and not to pass on stories about rumours.\n\nThe city is full of rumours. For instance last week, a man was found dead near the Central Market. It was at once spread abroad that he had been killed by the \"Dare to die\" band.\n\nThe second way is this. The European community has acted as everybody, except perhaps the originators of this trouble, knew that they would act and has shown a resolute will to see the strike successfully broken.\n\n### GENERAL NOTES.\n\nEighteen girls are operating lifts in the Dairy Farm Ice and Cold Storage buildings.\n\nChinese papers contained notice yesterday according to which Chinese posts in certain central districts are not obliged to call at the Post Office for letters as delivery arrangements have been made for their distribution in their districts.\n\nThe **Sai On** will not sail for Canton today.\n\nThe a.s. **Empress of Canada** leaves this morning for Vancouver, via Shanghai, Kobe, Shimidzu and Yokohama.\n\nThe a.s. **Kong Sai** arrived in Hongkong yesterday morning from Canton and brought down 187 Chinese passengers.\n\n### KOWLOON PROSECUTION.\n\nBefore Mr. E. W. Hamilton at the Kowloon Magistracy yesterday, Mr. B. Wylie, of No. 7. Torres Building, Kowloon, prosecuted his former house coolie on a charge of having absented himself from his employment on June 24th with out notice.\n\nComplainant stated that defendant left with his other servants on June 24th.\n\nHis Worship said that the paying of servants $3 a day was a matter for the Kowloon Residents Association to deal with.\n\n### RE-UNION AT WEMBLEY.\n\nReference has already been made to the Press luncheon given by Mr. E. R. Hallifax to Press Representatives at the Hongkong Section of Wembley on June 5th.\n\nCommenting upon the function the **China Express and Telegraph** says:- \"What the pressmen did not learn at that informal, though none the less very agreeable, little gathering about the Peak, was that the attack is not against this Government as a British Government, nor against foreigners as such. It has not even the excuse of being a nationalist movement. It is aimed against all law and order as may be seen from the fact that the respectable Chinese here are as much the object of attack as the European community.\"\n\nA typical Chinese meal was served by \"boys\" in blue coats, as in Hongkong, and a Chinese band did its utmost to provide harmony. Beside each plate were chopsticks, and, after a vain attempt to use them on shark's fins, the guests were told they might use forks and knives and pocket the ivories as a souvenir of the occasion.\n\n### SIR FREDERICK LUGARD'S VISIT.\n\nYesterday morning all the men at the Russell Street Garage had left. Hongkong was expecting a visit on June 9th from Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of York, and as one of the signs of anti-British feeling were on all sides, says the **China Express and Telegraph**.\n\nThe visit was timed for shortly after 2 p.m., at which hour both Mr. Hallifax, the Commissioner, and Sir Robert Ho Tung, awaited the Royal visitors at the entrance to the Pavilion.\n\nAt 2.30 word came that Hongkong and Ceylon had been cut out, the community was relieved too far on the Royal visitors' route.\n\nThe Dairy Farm Ice and Cold Storage Company are carrying on very well at all depots with their voluntary assistants.\n\n### CAFE WISEMAN.\n\nThe lady volunteers at the **Café Wiseman** are working splendidly.\n\nOn the average 1,000 meals a day were being served at the **Café Wiseman**. The bakery which is now wholly staffed by Europeans turns out 5,000 pounds of bread a day.\n\n### EXPORTING MONEY.\n\nChinese crossing the border are employing a clever ruse in their attempt to export more than $5 from the Colony. Money is distributed amongst children who may be on the train.\n\nAt the Kowloon Magistracy yesterday, a Chinese was charged with exporting money in excess of the sum permitted. Sergeant Hallam stated that he saw the defendant hand $5 to a small child. The $5 which had been given to the child was forfeited.\n\n### DRAINAGE.\n\nThe drainage gratings should be kept entirely free from paper and other rubbish which might choke the drains.\n\nThe city is full of ... \n\nThe European community has acted as everybody, except perhaps the originators of this trouble, knew that they would act and has shown a resolute will to see the strike successfully broken. All these will learn with gratification that if necessary every adult non-worker in the Colony will be deported.",
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        "title": "CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7]",
        "content_text": "# CABLES.\n\n## LATEST CABLES. [THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]\n\n### EIGHT-HOUR DAY BILL.\n\n#### RATIFIED BY THE FRENCH CHAMBER.\n\nPARIS, July 9th. The Chamber unanimously adopted a Bill ratifying the Washington Eight-hour day Convention. The Bill contains a rider to the effect that the convention will not become effective in France until it has been ratified by Germany.\n\n## FAR EASTERN NEWS.\n\n### CABLE (THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY).\n\n#### UNREST IN THE NORTH, COWS CONFISCATED.\n\nShanghai, July 8. The situation continues hopeful. The day has been quiet except for further kidnapping of servants employed by foreigners and the confiscation by strikers of hundreds of cows as well as foodstuffs intended for foreigners' consumption. The tramway services have been curtailed.\n\n### TRIPIER COMMISSION.\n\n#### THE REVOLUTIONS NOT SUPPRESSED WITH ROSE WATER.\n\n**H.E. THE GOVERNOR'S REVIEW OF THE PRESENT SITUATION, IF NECESSARY ALL ADULT NON-WORKERS WILL BE DEPORTED.**\n\nHONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, JULY 10TH, 1925.\n\nI am, as you know, a man of peace. I admit that I am as fond as most men of getting my own way but I have always preferred to do so by convincing others that my own is the right way by process of argument. But it takes two sides to make an argument and if the other side has no reasons to advance to support its point of view the possibility of argument ceases to exist and it is necessary to take other measures.\n\nH.E. the Governor reviewed the present position in the Colony at the meeting of the Legislative Council yesterday afternoon, and heartily congratulated the community upon the evidence already given that \"we are not so helpless as our enemies had assumed.\"\n\nAt the conclusion of the routine business of the meeting His Excellency said: Before we adjourn I think it would not be out of place for me to say a few words as to the situation with regard to what, for lack of a better phrase, we must call the Strike.\n\nAs I said at the last meeting of this Council, the present movement cannot be called a \"Strike\" in any proper sense of the word since those who have ceased to work have not done so with a view to attaining any definite object.\n\nWe find now that people will not work, they have no reason to advance therefor we cannot discuss the matter. All that we can say is Very well, if you don't want to work, don't, but we cannot clutter this small area with idle mouths. If you will not work, you must leave us.\n\nThe Government has taken power to remove such idle mouths from the Colony, we have started on a small scale and invited some of those whose presence cannot easily be dispensed with to seek other spheres of inactivity, to the number of about 100.\n\nIf necessary this process will be continued and intensified. If it were necessary I should have no hesitation in deporting from this Colony every adult who did not show by working that he was a useful member of the community.\n\nRevolutions, as the proverb says, are not made with rose-water. Neither are they suppressed by it, and this movement amounts to a revolution against law and order.\n\n## HONGKONG STRIKE SITUATION.\n\n### FOOD SUPPLIES FOR EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AMPLE AND EASILY REPLENISHED.\n\n#### SOME MOTOR MECHANICS AND FITTERS COME OUT.\n\nAs regards the present aspect of affairs, it is difficult to say anything definite. There are, I think, signs that the strikers are coming to their senses. Many are still going out but many are returning, to work and I am not without hope that common-sense will shortly prevail over ignorance and fear. Meanwhile, we have got to carry on and see this thing through. The prospects are not such as to cause any alarm.\n\nFood supplies, so far as the European community is concerned, are ample and can easily be replenished.\n\nThe inconvenience is not entirely on one side and I trust that the strikers will shortly find that the game is not worth the candle. We have had to take somewhat drastic measures to deal with the situation. If necessary those measures will become more drastic.\n\nThese words were spoken by H.E. the Governor during the course of a welcome and reassuring statement made by him on the strike situation at yesterday's meeting of the Legislative Council. The whole speech, which is reported in full in our columns today, is precisely what has been wanted by the European community, and other loyal members of the population, who are combining with their everyday occupations a variety of irksome and unaccustomed activities in a spirit of resolute will to see the strike successfully broken. These will learn with gratification that if necessary every adult non-worker in the Colony will be deported.\n\nAn advertisement in our issue today announces that all adult males (other than members of the Government, Naval and Military services and of the medical profession) resident in the Peak district who are not rendering active assistance to Government or the public, are called upon to attend before a Magistrate at the Peak Club at 6 p.m. today to be enrolled as special constables.\n\n### SEDITIOUS LITERATURE AND INTIMIDATION.\n\nThe following regulation was made by the Governor-in-Council on Thursday under Section 2 of the Emergency Regulations Ordinance, 1922:—\n\n1. Every person who---\n   (1) prints, publishes, circulates, distributes or has in his possession any seditious matter as defined in the Seditious Publications Ordinance, 1914; or\n   (2) by violence or threats of violence prevents or endeavours to prevent any other person from doing any act which he is legally entitled to do; or\n   (3) commits any offence against the provisions of section 22 of the Summary Offence Ordinance, 1845, be liable upon summary conviction (1) imprisonment with hard labour for any term not exceeding two years; and (2) flogging.\n\nIt would appear from what has happened during the last fortnight that this movement is nothing else than an attack, organised by agencies outside the Colony, on existing standards of civilization as represented by law and order.\n\nIt is believed that now the pretence that it was a strike to show sympathy with the Chinese who suffered as a result of certain incidents in Shanghai and other parts of China has apparently been dropped.\n\nLondon, July 8. Commenting on the summaries of the strike report of the Tripier Mixed Commission, published in France blaming the British Police and the American Chairman of the Municipal Council in connection with the shooting in Shanghai, the Daily Telegraph diplomatic correspondent says:— \"The evidently calculated leakage of news should at least have the salutary effect that Britain cannot longer tolerate such intimidators, and under a regulation which has been issued to-day they will in future be dealt with in a manner which will be likely to appeal to their best feelings—that is by the cat.\"\n\n### ATTACK ON LAW AND ORDER.\n\nIn this matter Hongkong stands by itself. An attack has been made upon us, as representing the existing standards of civilization by the agents of disorder and anarchy. No doubt we have been selected for attack because we are supposed to be a small and powerless community, and also because of our propinquity to a district which owing to a long period of war and mis-government has become a fertile soil for the cultivation of all the worst growths of Bolshevism, anarchism and communism.\n\nThe attack is directed not against this Government nor against foreigners as such. It has not even the excuse of being a nationalist movement.\n\n### SEAMEN'S UNION.\n\n#### SEDITIOUS PAMPHLET.\n\nBefore Mr. S. B. B. McElderry at the Central Magistracy yesterday, two Chinese were sentenced for having joint possession of a seditious pamphlet.\n\nThe men were arrested near the Central Market on Tuesday evening, the seditious leaflet being found in the possession of one of them, who pointed out the other man as being the original owner of it. This defendant admitted possession of the document and said that he received it from a small boy in the street. He read the characters on it and passed it on to his fellow lodger, and was not aware that he was committing a crime by doing so. The other defendant said that he put the leaflet in his pocket for reading afterwards. He was not aware that it was of an inflammatory nature.\n\nHis Worship said that he considered the case against the defendant who originally possessed the document as the more serious of the two. He had read what the document contained, and knowing its nature, had passed it over to the second defendant. The sentence in his case would be six months' hard labour and he would further be bound over to be of good behaviour for one year on a $200 bond in two sureties. Failure to produce these sureties would entail a further term of a month's hard labour. The other defendant would be fined $10 and also be bound over to be of good behaviour for one year and find similar security.\n\nWhile the influx from Canton into the Colony by way of the West River boats continues, the exodus has not decreased to any appreciable extent.\n\nThe s.s. Kwony Sai arrived in Hongkong yesterday coming from Canton and brought down 467 Chinese passengers, most of whom were women of the amah class. The vessel also brought down a few Europeans, including a number of missionaries.\n\nWhen our representative went on board her he was told that all was quiet in Canton at present, despite the underlying feeling that trouble is imminent in Canton and may break out at any moment in open conflict between the Reds and the anti-Reds.\n\n### MR. CHAMBERLAIN REPLIES.\n\nIn the House of Commons, replying to questions, Mr. Chamberlain stated that he had not received any request from Shanghai that the British Government should forcibly intervene to restore normality in Shanghai.\n\n## RE-UNION AT WEMBLEY.\n\n### \"THE EMPRESS OF CANADA.\"\n\nThe s.s. Empress of Canada leaves this morning for Vancouver, via Shanghai, Kobe, Shimidzu and Yokohama. When the vessel arrived here on Monday all the Chinese crew left the ship, but their places were quickly filled. Large numbers of volunteers offered their services—both Europeans and Chinese—and the vessel was soon fully staffed. Ladies are taking the places of strikers in the first class saloons. Of the crew on strike, not one returned to offer his services.\n\nOn the waterfront yesterday the general topic of conversation was the action which the Chinese Seamen's Union are said to have taken or to be contemplating taking. According to all reports, after one day no seamen will be allowed to man the river boats. To counteract this action, orders were issued yesterday on the arrival of the Kwony Sai for her to proceed to `GR1178/1922/32(III)` without further orders.\n\n## GENERAL NOTES.\n\n### EXPORTING MONEY.\n\nAccording to police reports, Chinese are doing the work are employing a clever ruse in their attempt to export more than $85 from the Colony. Money is distributed amongst children who may be on the train.\n\n### CAFE WISEMAN.\n\nMr. R. L. Bridger, manager-director of the Café Wiseman, told a Daily Press representative yesterday that on the average 1,000 meals a day were being served at the Café Wiseman. The bakery which is now wholly staffed by Europeans turns out 5,000 pounds of bread a day.\n\nThe lady volunteers at the Café are working splendidly.\n\n### HOW TO HELP.\n\nI would, in conclusion, appeal to the community to help the Government in two ways.\n\nThe first is this: Do not listen to, or spread, rumours. For instance last week, a man was found dead near the Central Market. It was at once spread abroad that he had been killed by the \"Dare to die\" band.\n\nThe city is full of rumours. If you hear a story of this sort, do not believe it until you have asked me or the police or the Colonial Secretary's office whether it is true and do not pass it on, whether you believe it or not.\n\nThe other way is this. Will you do your best to explain to your servants and to anyone over whom you have influence that the proper way to deal with an intimidator is to intimidate him? If you send your servant to market and, as often happens, somebody threatens him, make it clear to him that his proper course is to argue the matter out on the spot and that the best argument is a good stout bludgeon. Remind him that he has the law on his side. If the intimidator injures him the cat will redress the balance. If he injures the intimidator, it is the intimidator's fault and he himself will not only be held blameless but, if he hands the man over to the police, will receive a handsome reward.\n\nIf these measures are adopted I am confident that intimidation will quickly cease and we shall all be able to go about our business in peace.\n\n### KOWLOON PROSECUTION.\n\nBefore Mr. W. Hamilton at the Kowloon Magistracy yesterday, Mr. B. Wylie, of No. 7, Torres Building, Kowloon, prosecuted his former house coolie on a charge of having absented himself from his employment on June 24th without notice.\n\nComplainant stated that defendant left with his other servants on June 24th, his servants being amongst the first of the Kowloon servants to leave their employment. Defendant was later found working in Knutsford Terrace, where it was understood that emergency servants were being paid $3 a day.\n\nHis Worship said that the paying of servants a day was a matter for the Kowloon Residents Association to deal with. As the complainant still owed the defendant 23 days' pay and as the accused owed one month wages in default of notice, he ordered the accused to pay complainant $3, with one week's imprisonment in default. Defendant was further fined $25 with the alternative of a month's hard labour.\n\n### DRAINAGE.\n\nNow that the road cleaners of the Sanitary Department are on strike, there is one important direction in which householders can assist the authorities and also safeguard their own comfort.\n\nThe drainage gratings should be kept entirely free from paper and other rubbish which might choke the drains.\n\n### MR. E. R. HALLIFAX ENTERTAINS THE PRESS.\n\nReference has already been made to the Press luncheon given by Mr. E. R. Hallifax to Press Representatives at the Hongkong Hotel.\n\nA typical Chinese meal was served by Chinese \"boys\" in blue coats, as in Hongkong, and a Chinese band did its best to maintain \"harmony.\" Beside each plate were chopsticks, and, after a vain attempt to use them on shark's fins, the guests were told they might use forks and knives and pocket the ivories as a souvenir of the occasion.\n\nThe menu included Sam Shi shark's fin, fried pork and bean sprouts, minced chicken and bird's nest soup, orange broth, lychee-syrup, chow chow, coquet, and melon seeds and roast almonds.\n\nSIR FREDERICK LUGARD'S VISIT.\n\nHongkong was expecting a visit on June 9th from their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of York, and as one too traversed the Court the signs of anticipation were on all sides, says the China Express and Telegraph. The visit was timed for shortly after 2 p.m., at which hour both Mr. Hallifax, the Commissioner, and Sir Robert Ho Tung, in his rich silk costume, awaited the Royal visitors at the entrance to the Pavilion.\n\nBut at 2.30 word came that Hongkong and Ceylon had been cut out, the visits to the other Courts having encroached too far on the Royal visitors' time. Compensation came for the disappointment in the shape of a visit from Sir Frederick Lugard, a former Governor of Hongkong, who visited every section, and was as much delighted to meet old Hongkong hands as they were to welcome him.\n\n| Service        | Status            |\n| -------------- | ----------------- |\n| Kowloon Ferry  | Still operating   |\n| River Boats    | On strike         |\n| Tramway        | Curtailed services|\n| Laundries      | Some closed       |\n\nThe twenty-minute ferry service is still being run by men of the mercantile marine. Up to yesterday about 150 Chinese had registered as special district watchmen.\n\nA large number of Chinese laundry workers went out on strike yesterday and a number of the laundries closed down.\n\nFitters and mechanics of some motor firms are swelling the ranks of the strikers. Yesterday morning all the men at the Kowloon Resident Association's Russell Street Garage had left.\n\nThe Dairy Farm Ice and Cold Storage Company are carrying on very well at all depots with their voluntary assistants.\n\nAltogether over 200 idle Chinese have now been arrested, and many of these have already been sent out of the Colony.\n\nPage 218  \nPage 617  \nPage 48  \nPage 51  \n\n`XCR(85)72`  \n`GR1178/1922/32(III)`",
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        "title": "CO129-492 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1925 [12] - 1926 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "Enclosure 2.\n\nExtract from the Hong Kong Telegraph of 14-10-1925-\n\n(1).\n\nM. BORODIN INTERVIEWED.\n\nRED ENVOY DENIES RUSSIAN CONTROL.\n\nADVISERS TO CANTON.\n\nA newspaper correspondent who has recently returned to the Colony from Canton had the opportunity, whilst in the latter city, of interviewing M. Borodin, the Soviet envoy. In accordance with pre-arranged plans, the interview took place at Government House, where, on arrival, the correspondent was conducted to an ante-room. Here M. Borodin was in waiting, and he courteously asked the correspondent to be seated. This was evidently the private office of M. Borodin. It was plainly furnished and the decoration was in harmony with the furnishings, having only the flag of the Russian Soviet and the photograph of the late M. Lenin hung on the wall.\n\nM. Borodin is a man in the prime of life, about 45 years of age, of medium height and a robust physique, with a tendency towards corpulence. His head is rather large, and he has a wealth of dark hair. His eyes are large and bright. The man gives one the impression that he is keen, resolute and undaunted. On looking at his desk, the big piles of documents piled up on it bespeak the great amount of work he has to perform daily.\n\n\"Is it a fact, as reported in the papers,\" asked the correspondent, \"that the Strike is encouraged and backed by financial assistance from the Soviet?\"\n\n\"The Soviet has never given any financial assistance to the Strike Union,\" answered M. Borodin. \"Any assistance has been given from the Labour Unions there. The Soviet had nothing to do with it. It is a matter entirely of a private nature. True, a certain sum of money was received by the Strike Unions from the Labour Unions, but this was not from Russia, it must have been from local sources.\"\n\nThey have heard through the reports published in the newspapers, that the Government, both in its administrative and military powers, is now in the hands of Russians; that it is or is about to become Bolshevik; and that the present strike is encouraged by and has the financial assistance of the Soviet. \"If you would grant me a little of your time, I should like to ask a few questions in order that, on my return, I may be able to give the overseas Chinese your views on the present situation in Canton.\"\n\nM. Borodin replied: \"Certainly; I shall be glad to answer any questions which do not concern the civil administration of the Soviet, or its foreign policy. I, too, am aware that there are in circulation erroneous reports that the Government at Canton has embraced the Bolshevik cause; and I am glad to have today's opportunity to give you my views, and I hope you will tell the overseas Chinese what you actually see and hear without any colouring.\"\n\nThe correspondent opened the conversation by remarking: \"I am here on a mission on behalf of the overseas Chinese desiring to be enlightened on the present situation of the Canton Government.\"\n\nPage 129",
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        "document_key": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "page_number": 518,
        "title": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "content_text": "(40)\n\nAPPENDIX Y.\n\nis\n\nThe following article by Sir Percival Phillips, K.B.E.,\n\nreprinted, with special permission, from The Daily Mail of December 11th, 1925. (Sir Percival Phillips is the Special Commissioner sent out to China by the Daily Mail to investigate and report on the recent disturbances.)\n\nHONGKONG, November.\n\nDisillusionment is already the lot of the Chinese in Kwangtung province who were persuaded to put on the shackles of Bolshevism. Their masters have followed exactly the same procedure as in Russia, where the Red Terror entered softly and, having gained a firm foothold, revealed itself as a grim and ruthless despot.\n\nThe Cantonese officials and the native population are the foolish dupes of the Moscow Soviet. They were beguiled by specious promises of help in freeing China from the yoke of \"unequal\" treaties and \"humiliating\" Customs agreements. Now the Russians are showing cynical disregard for this camouflage. They are beginning to turn the screw.\n\nTerrorism, conscription of labour, destructive taxation, confiscation of private property, and the domination of an army of mercenaries are some of the familiar manifestations of the second phase of Bolshevism in the province of Kwangtung.\n\nJacob Borodin did not show his hand until he had an army at his command. It is a small army, but it possesses the distinct advantage of being armed, whereas the local opponents of Bolshevism, although great in numbers, lack weapons and munitions.\n\nBRIBES, THEN TYRANNY.\n\nMoscow is moving in China exactly as it moved at home. The lesson may be taken to heart by the lukewarm opponents\n\n(41)\n\nof Soviet propaganda in Great Britain. Bribes for \"proletariat\" leaders at first, with ground bait for the \"freedom\" of the workers of the world; then tyranny, greater than any experienced under \"capitalism,\" backed by machine guns and strengthened by executions; and, finally, government by two or three resolute men acting as servants of the Russian Soviet.\n\nThe first thing the Reds under Borodin did when they became the rulers of Canton was to eliminate all \"doubtful\" elements from their organisation. For \"Moderates\" they had no use whatever. Chinese officially described as \"pink\" disappeared from the council chambers. The Cantonese generally were suspect. Chekiang troops really recruited from districts miles distant, with Whampoa Academy officers representing many northern towns and provinces—became the military power for the enforcement of Russian decrees.\n\nUSEFUL AS EXECUTIONERS.\n\nGeneral Su Seng-chi, commander of the Cantonese forces, a \"pink,\" was removed. His \"pink\" and \"white\" subordinate officers retired to civil life. Doubtful Cantonese units were swept together under vigilant Russian \"instructors,\" who had at their command picked levies of northern-born Reds and trusted Chinese Bolsheviks who could speak Russian.\n\n[There were about 100,000 Chinese in labour corps in Russia after the revolution, and many of these became useful allies of the Soviet as \"counter-revolutionary units\" and executioners.]\n\nThe Cantonese army was placed under a \"committee\" of three workmen and four soldiers, on the Russian plan, with a Russian at the head. The civil Government became really interchangeable with the local Russian consular staff and its \"trade advisers.\" It consisted of a tribunal of sixteen, with\n\n509",
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    {
        "id": 507641,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-500-3 Canton situation- governor's despatches 29-7-1927 - 1-9-1927",
        "page_number": 107,
        "title": "CO129-500-3 Canton situation- governor's despatches 29-7-1927 - 1-9-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 6.\n\n104\n\n**Translation**\n\n(Extract from Wah Kiu Yat Po, Hong Kong, 17th May, 1927)\n\n**Speech by Tseung Kai Shek at his Headquarters**\n\nThe Communists have come to terms with foreigners by giving certain concessions. The Kuomintang will never succeed unless they exterminate the Communists.\n\nThe Victory of the Mukden Militarists on the Peking Hankow Railway has given much pain.\n\nHe hopes that (Wong) Ching Wei will not become a tool to the Communists.\n\nOn the 2nd April Tseung Chung Ching gave an instructive lecture on the occasion of the 5th Memorial Service held at his Headquarters in Wanking. The lecture reads as follows:-\n\nComrades! Let me start my lecture with an account of the situation in Wuhan. Of late 54 foreign gun-boats have been at Wuhan, all Japanese firms have resumed business since the 27th April, and the state of panic is over. This shows that the so-called Government and Kuomintang Department in Wuhan no longer has the courage to offer any resistance, having experienced the cudgel of their enemies. They have made concessions and come to terms with them. Nobody in China or in any foreign country will not abominate the Communists when they have thus broken off from our Kuomintang and no longer enjoy the protection of our sign-board. When official declaration is made by our Kuomintang in Nanking of its definite and resolute separation from the Communist Party at Wuhan, the Communists, whatever natural great talents they may have and however wicked and dangerous, malignant and crafty...",
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    {
        "id": 509192,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "page_number": 117,
        "title": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "content_text": "## PARAPHRASE TELEGRAM from the Governor of Hong Kong to the Secretary of State for the Colonies\n\nDated 2nd February, 1927\n\n**X11**\n\nPersonal. Hong Kong situation gives me increasing anxiety. Determined efforts are being made by Canton agitators to start another general strike. Seeing that the policy of His Majesty's Government has antagonised both Southern and Northern China and that no stand has yet been made anywhere for the defence of elementary Treaty rights of British concessions, maritime customs or even against pirates, Hong Kong Chinese have lost faith in the reality of British protection. Emergency regulations here have been tightened up and route marches are being made in Hong Kong and in Kowloon by the Navy, Army and Volunteers. Above all else, it is essential that Britain should no longer be regarded by the Chinese as a \"paper tiger\". \n\nFor example, Manifesto issued to the Press by Administrative Board of the Kuomintang Central Police Station, Swatow, published in `Kuominpao` on January 29th under the caption **\"Brutal massacre of infants by the Catholic Missions in Fuchow\"**, after inflammatory anti-foreign diatribe concludes \"Kill, kill, kill. There is no reason to be afraid.\" All signs point to outbreak being now in preparation, similar to those in the Boxer year, when I was here.\n\nI love the Chinese and have deep sympathy with their national aspirations. But in dealing with them, firmness must always be combined with generosity, and firmness has been totally lacking under Southerners now believing Bolshevik tuition that for fear of its own proletariat, no foreign Power will dare to make war on them. The Northerners have seen our weakness in the South and have come to believe the same thing.\n\nUnless we are to drift from bad to worse, resolute action in our own defence...",
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    {
        "id": 513752,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-508-4 Cases of attacks by pirates 6-11-1927 - 23-11-1928",
        "page_number": 272,
        "title": "CO129-508-4 Cases of attacks by pirates 6-11-1927 - 23-11-1928",
        "content_text": "4.\n\n-2-\n\nPIRACY OF S. S. \"IRENE\" (Continued).\n\n271\n\nIt is fully realised that this case establishes a precedent of far-reaching importance. While there is no doubt that it has been a severe blow to the pirates and that they will in future hesitate before refusing to stop when ordered to do so by one of H.M.'s Ships, it is nevertheless possible that similar circumstances might occur again.\n\nShould this happen, I feel more than ever convinced that it would be a fatal mistake to allow a pirated ship to escape while it is in our power to stop her.\n\nOnce we limit ourselves to such measures as do not entail the risk, however improbable, of another \"IRENE\" case, there will be no means of stopping resolute pirates.\n\nAs stated in my Telegram No. 664 of 19th November 1927, I am informed that the foreign ministers in Peking are in communication with their respective Home Governments regarding the international suppression of piracy. They have suggested that there should be a meeting of the Senior Naval Officers of the Powers concerned to discuss and decide on the form such co-ordinated action should take.\n\nI, therefore, propose to postpone any comment on future anti-piracy measures to be adopted in China until after this meeting has taken place.\n\n(Signed). R.Y. TYRWHITT,\n\nVice-Admiral Commander-in-Chief.\n\n5.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-508-4 Cases of attacks by pirates 6-11-1927 - 23-11-1928.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 522257,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-521-13 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 27-8-1930 - 16-10-1930",
        "page_number": 418,
        "title": "CO129-521-13 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 27-8-1930 - 16-10-1930",
        "content_text": "754\n\nTHE HONG KONG WEEKLY PRESS & \n\nHONG KONG'S “SECRET DIPLOMACY.” \n\nSTRONG SHANGHAI COMMENT. \n\nCRITICISM OF NEGOTIATIONS WITH \n\nCHINESE CUSTOMS. \n\nAbout a fortnight ago it was announced that Mr. F. W. Maze, Inspector-General of the Chinese Maritime Customs, was again visiting Hong Kong to resume negotiations with the Government in regard to the proposed arrangement for the operation of the Chinese Customs service within the waters of the Colony. At the last moment, however, Mr. Maze cancelled his visit, and nothing has been heard as to the reason of the changed plans, or the probable date of his postponed trip south. The following editorial article in the N. C. Daily News of May 23 seems to suggest a possible reason for the change in Mr. Maze's plans, as follows, with a few inserted cross-headings:\n\nWe quote\n\nCR to wire with pp. 12420\n\n11\n\n[May 30, 1930]\n\nCourt's constitution; and that while we have an expert actually engaged in formulating a scheme for the future government of Shanghai, it is improper and unfair that so large a piece of ground should have been cut from under his feet. The same strong objection attaches to discussions for the ultimate abolition of extra-territoriality. No step can be taken in this direction, however remote or tentative, which does not directly react on the standing of Shanghai. Neither question can be treated independently of the other. No part of foreigners' standing in China is severable from another. Naturally the Chinese do their utmost to break down this solidarity, getting a little bit here and a little bit there, till there shall be no major question left. That is good tactics on their part and we do not blame them. But in justice to the immense foreign interests that have been built up in China, it is for the Western Governments to resist. This does not involve any change of the policy of meeting China's wishes. It merely means the considering of them as a whole, refusal to make concessions at one point which may most dangerously affect something else which it had never been meant to touch.\n\n\"No apology is needed, we feel sure, for carrying the question of the proposed agreement between Hong Kong and the Customs a stage further. For what may appear at first blush a merely local affair contains important points of principle, on which clear thinking and a resolute attitude are vitally needed. Correspondence shows that London circles do not at all appreciate the far-reaching nature of the Chinese demand. The China Association, for instance, appears to see no harm in it. If we are not mistaken, the China Association is largely guided in this matter by Sir Francis Aglen. No one could have anything but the highest respect for the late Inspector-General, nor could his sincerity ever be questioned. But without disrespect, it is scarcely possible for him to consider this issue from any but the Customs point of view from which he always has considered it for so many years.\n\n\"Secret Diplomacy.\"\n\n\"An actual example may be given of how piecemeal negotiation in general, and this very discussion of the Hong Kong Customs agreement in particular, can injuriously affect other negotiations. Last year, as everyone knows, Sir Harry Fox, then Commercial Counsellor, was entrusted with the task of negotiating a new Commercial Treaty between Great Britain and China. Conversations had been in progress for some time when Sir Harry Fox learnt to his surprise that negotiations were going on between the Customs and Hong Kong for the agreement of which we have been writing. This information appears to have reached him quite accidentally. Without going into details, it may be said that the Hong Kong agreement, if concluded, would greatly have affected, if it did not altogether neutralize, much for which he was standing in respect of the Commercial Treaty. The negotiations for the latter, of course, came to nothing; and Hong Kong has not yet been surrendered to the Customs. But the moral of this incident is the same, namely, the evil consequences that must ensue from not letting the right hand know what the left hand is doing.\n\n\"This was the basis of all objections to the recent negotiations for the abolition of the Provisional Court. We are not attacking the administration of the District Court in any way. We stand only on the point of principle involved. It needs no demonstration that that Court is intimately linked with the whole authority of the Municipal Council, which might be most seriously injured by changes in the Court's constitution; and...\n\n\"The point we would emphasize is that in a question of such importance, the Hong Kong Government should not really be allowed to negotiate directly with a subordinate Department of the Chinese Government. Nor ought the question of admitting the Customs into Hong Kong to be discussed independently of the other questions bound up with it. It is not a separate local affair, but an inseparable part of the whole question of foreign rights and status in China. Thus the Government of China has announced as part of its general policy the ultimate exclusion of foreign shipping from Chinese waters. We are not quarrelling with it for this announcement. The China Association, for instance, appears to see no harm in it. If we are not mistaken, the China Association is largely guided in this matter by Sir Francis Aglen. No one could have anything but the highest respect for the late Inspector-General, nor could his sincerity ever be questioned. But without disrespect, it is scarcely possible for him to consider this issue from any but the Customs point of view from which he always has considered it for so many years.\n\n\"Let us briefly recapitulate, on the one all-important point in dispute. The Customs desire to function in the Colony and that their revenue cruisers may patrol Hong Kong waters, thereby practically converting Hong Kong into a Treaty port. Hong Kong is not averse, but stipulates that she shall be concurrently given Treaty port facilities, which include the right of duly registered British ships of all descriptions to trade between Hong Kong and non-open ports. This the Chinese refuse. If Hong Kong gives way and allows herself to be converted into a Treaty port without the usual facilities attaching to it, she will be allowing the British flag to be unfairly penalized; she will be assisting in the establishment of a precedent by which the Chinese may attack the rights of all foreign shipping at other Treaty ports; and a momentous step will have been taken in any movement for an eventual demand for the surrender of Hong Kong.\n\n\"British Flag Penalized.\"\n\n\"...ment. We only urge that the question when it comes to be discussed shall be taken as a whole, and that no precedent shall be allowed to be got up in Hong Kong which, as shown, would undermine those rights to a most serious extent.\n\n\"This is the principle at Hong Kong. As we have said, there is no objection to admitting the Customs into the Colony provided that with Treaty-port facilities come Treaty-port status. If they do not, if Hong Kong is forced to accept the agreement without receiving the just return for the concession she makes, not only is British shipping penalized, but rights of foreign shipping throughout China are hit at directly. No foreign Power whose ships come to Hong Kong can be indifferent to the issue.\n\nPage 755\n\n(To be continued)\n\nPage 754\n\nPage 755",
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    {
        "id": 522279,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-521-13 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 27-8-1930 - 16-10-1930",
        "page_number": 440,
        "title": "CO129-521-13 Chinese Customs- proposed agreement with Hong Kong 27-8-1930 - 16-10-1930",
        "content_text": "( 28 )\n\nAPPENDIX E.\n\nEXTRACTS FROM BRITISH PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS RE CHINESE CONSUL TO BE RESIDENT IN HONGKONG.\n\nEXTRACT FROM MEMORANDUM BY SIR RUTHERFORD ALCOCK ON \"FURTHER MEMORIALS RESPECTING THE CHINA TREATY CONVENTION.\"\n\nFinally, as regards the appointment of a Chinese Consul to reside at Hong Kong. The Colonists object very strongly, on the ground that he will be an instrument of oppression, and his presence will tend to drive away trade and Chinese residents, by the power he can exercise over their relatives and connections on the mainland. Mr. Matheson, who endorses this opinion in the name of the Committee of London merchants, denies, or does not see, that the Convention gives, if not all, some of the most important of the privileges of a Treaty port to Hong Kong, placing it on the same footing as to transhipment and coasting trade. And while admitting as a regrettable fact the existence of a contraband trade with the mainland—\"owing to the corruption of the Chinese officials on the coast\"—he repudiates any obligation or responsibility. It is probable the Chinese authorities and Government, who estimate that they lose annually some 500,000l. sterling of revenue by this irresponsible proximity of a British free port at the mouth of one of their great rivers, attribute the fact to other causes besides the corruption of their officials on the coast, without in the least denying that such corruption may contribute its aid. At all events, if, as Mr. Matheson suggests, it is not any part of our duty to prevent an active contraband trade between the Colony and the mainland, he testifies to \"the Chinese Government being clearly entitled to adopt any measures for that purpose on their own territory and in their own waters which they may find to be necessary.\" The Treaty of Tien-tsin has also recognized this right in the most unequivocal manner. But the Committee must have forgotten that, as late as last year, when the Viceroy of Canton acted upon this conviction, and strictly within the limits indicated so far as the plan of operations was concerned, and in a way fully sanctioned both by Treaty and international law, by placing coastguard stations on the mainland—as we do in England—and employing revenue cruisers to enforce the revenue laws, there was a very loud cry of indignation from the mercantile community and residents of Hong Kong, and some very strong denunciatory language was put into print, and otherwise officially communicated both to the Viceroy at Canton and Her Majesty's Government by the constituted authorities of the island.\n\nFrom this, and all past experience, it was concluded that the only choice lay between honestly co-operating with the authorities of the mainland and giving them the means, in accordance with international usage, of exercising a perfectly legal and reasonable degree of surveillance over the trade carried on by the native vessels sailing from Hong Kong,--or leaving the Chinese Government in the exercise of an undoubted right to \"adopt any measures for that purpose in their own waters and on their own territory which they might find to be necessary.\"\n\n( 29 )\n\nAnd judging by the spirit shown in the Colony, and having regard to the measures the Chinese Colonists and traders were likely to take, under the shadow of British protection, it seemed very certain that any measures of the Chinese authorities to be effective must be very stringent, and backed by force. Under such conditions a state of constant conflict was likely to result by which the interests of Hong Kong were certain to be deeply affected, and many irregularities and abuses on both sides could hardly fail to crop up. It certainly seemed, under these circumstances, the wiser policy to choose the former alternative. It promised better for all the legitimate interests of Hong Kong; and if open to some abuses, whatever these might be, they were likely to be much less serious and more easily dealt with than those certain to arise with much attendant violence and bloodshed in perpetual conflicts between smugglers and a fleet of revenue-cutters and steamers, well armed and commanded by Europeans. If the objection against the appointment of a Consul that it is liable to abuse be valid, do the merchants of Hong Kong conceive Chinese opium stations on the mainland opposite, and revenue cruisers in the neighbouring waters under Chinese officials—the other alternative if the Chinese Government are resolute in the enforcement of their rights—likely to be more exempt or less injurious in their influence upon the population and trade of Hong Kong? And if not, and they equally object to both, what remedy do they propose for a state of things highly injurious to their neighbours, and not very creditable to a British Colony? A state of affairs, be it remarked, that the Chinese authorities declare cannot last, and must be amended.\n\n(Reprinted from the British Parliamentary Paper: China No. 10 (1870), pp. 10, 11.)\n\nEXTRACT FROM DESPATCH FROM THE EARL OF CARNARVON, H.B.M.'S PRINCIPAL SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES, TO SIR ARTHUR KENNEDY, GOVERNOR OF HONGKONG, UNDER DATE 22ND MARCH 1875.\n\nThis brings me to the consideration of a question which underwent much discussion some years ago, and which was adverted to at the public meeting held in the Colony on the 14th of September last. I refer to the proposal made by Her Majesty's Minister at Pekin, that a Chinese Consul should be appointed to reside in Hong Kong. Without examining the sufficiency of the grounds which were put forward at that time for rejecting the proposal of Mr. Wade, it appears to me that, looking at it now from a different point of view, and in connection with the difficulty which has unfortunately arisen, no really substantial argument could be advanced against intrusting to a Chinese Consul in Hong Kong the privilege of collecting from junk-masters the receipts for export duty levied in China, and issuing to them similar receipts for duty payable on account of importations into China, and that the practical advantages resulting from this arrangement would more than compensate the Colony for the inconvenience which has been apprehended from the appointment of such a functionary.\n\n*The proposal was first put forward by Sir Rutherford Alcock,\n\nPage 440\n\nPage 441",
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    {
        "id": 533958,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-539-3 Mui Tsai system 8-2-1932 - 10-1-1933",
        "page_number": 20,
        "title": "CO129-539-3 Mui Tsai system 8-2-1932 - 10-1-1933",
        "content_text": "THE VOTE\n\nProprietors: THE MINERVA PUBLISHING CO. LTD. Offices: 144, High Holborn, W.C.1 FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1932\n\nNOTICE.-Letters should be addressed as follows:-\n\nTo the Advertising Manager on advertising.\n\nTo the Secretary on all other business, including VOTE orders, printing, and merchandise, etc.\n\nTelegrams: \"DESPARD, Holborn 9301, London.” Telephone: Holborn 9301.\n\nEDITORIAL.\n\nThe Editor is responsible for unsigned articles only. Articles, paragraphs, or cuttings dealing with matters of interest to women generally will be welcomed. Every effort will be made to return unsuitable MSS. if stamped addressed envelope be enclosed, but the Editor cannot be responsible in case of loss.\n\nTHE KING'S SPEECH\n\nThe new Session of Parliament was opened by the King in State last Tuesday.\n\nThe text of the King's Speech expressed the hope that the forthcoming World Economic Conference would ease the present economic situation, and that the Disarmament Conference would attain the greatest possible measure of general disarmament. Reference was made to the third Indian Round Table Conference. Careful supervision over public expenditure, both national and local, was stated to be necessary. The promise was made that the Government would continue to do everything in their power to stimulate the recovery of trade and that further plans would be taken to enable agriculture as a whole to take its proper place in the economy of the nation.\n\nUnemployment, the gravest of our social problems, was specially mentioned. The fact that many young men and women had never in their lives had an opportunity of regular employment was referred to, and notice was given of the Government's intention to bring forward measures dealing comprehensively with Unemployment Insurance and the treatment of those unable to obtain work.\n\nA promise was made of the introduction of Bills relating to Scotland to amend the procedure governing private legislation, to facilitate the administration of civil justice, and for other purposes.\n\nIt was further stated that measures dealing with Rent Restriction, London Passenger Transport, and other matters of importance will be introduced and proceeded with as time and opportunity offer.\n\nA WOMAN'S NATIONALITY\n\nMrs. Grace Tyndall, of Newent, near Gloucester, was summoned last week for failing to register as an alien.\n\nShe married in 1910, and both she and her husband were British subjects. In October, 1931, the husband obtained a certificate of naturalisation in America, and became an American citizen. He returned to this country in July this year, registered as a foreigner, and was given certain instructions as regards his wife. Mrs. Tyndall, however, refused to register, and told the court that if she registered as an alien she really became a woman without a country. She had been to the American Consul, and he told her she was not an American, and the British Consul said she could get no help from him. \"In time of war I can look nowhere for help. My property would be interned, and I should be turned into the streets.\" Mrs. Tyndall said she had written to the Home Office to see whether it was possible for her to return to her nationality, but had received a reply in the negative. She was not an illiterate foreigner. She said, \"I am British, and will not give up my country. I have never signed the oath of allegiance to America, and I never will.\"\n\nThe chairman of the bench said Mrs. Tyndall had been guilty of an offence, and would be fined 20s., or seven days. Her father, an ex-police sergeant, advised her to do the seven days. We only wish that every British woman married to a foreigner would refuse to register as an alien in this country, refuse to pay any fine, and elect to go to prison for any length of time the court might impose. Nationality is a fundamental right, and it is monstrous that it should be taken away from any adult person without that person's consent.\n\nMUITSAI IN HONG KONG\n\nOn July 15th last we reported in THE VOTE that Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister, Secretary of State for the Colonies, in reply to a question by Mr. Rhys Davies (Lab., Westhoughton), declared that the mui-tsai system in Hong Kong had now been abolished; that the girls who were mui-tsai had been registered, and their status changed to that of free paid domestic workers.\n\nLast week we received at this office several Press cuttings from the \"South China Morning Post,\" dated August 4th, August 13th, September 8th, September 22nd, September 29th, and October 6th, reporting prosecutions for not registering mui-tsai, for ill-treating them, and in one case for selling a girl into prostitution. All these cases were brought into court by a man inspector, and the extraordinary thing is that the fines imposed were so inadequate—50 dollars being the biggest sum mentioned. A Hong Kong dollar is worth 1s. 3d., so that a 50 dollar fine can hardly be looked upon as a deterrent for slave owning in the British Colony of Hong Kong. At the present time there is only one inspector (a European police officer), who has two Chinese women assistants, to deal with abuses of this character. It is estimated that there must be quite 20,000 mui-tsai in the colony, though only about 4,000 are registered. It seems to us that a trained British woman inspector ought at once to share in the work of securing the complete abolition of this mui-tsai system, both for the sake of the children and for the credit of this country. We cannot wholeheartedly rejoice in the anti-slavery centenary celebrations when there is this slavery of children in a British Crown Colony.\n\nWe would also draw attention to another point. So-called \"adopted daughters\" have never been registered to this day, and apparently by the law of Hong Kong it is legal to buy a girl for bona fide adoption, as the following extract from a letter sent out by the Colonial Office under date February 18th, 1932, will show:\n\nEvery person who takes any part, or attempts to take any part, in any transaction the object or one of the objects of which is to transfer or confer, wholly or partly, the possession, custody, or control of any minor under the age of eighteen years for any valuable consideration shall be deemed to be guilty of an offence against this section, unless such person proves beyond reasonable doubt that the transaction was bona fide and solely for the purpose of a proposed marriage or adoption, in accordance with Chinese custom.\n\nLeading authorities are agreed that there is no such bona fide adoption of girls under existing conditions in Hong Kong. We urge, therefore, that the registration of adopted daughters shall be enforced forthwith, as these transactions are merely a subterfuge for obtaining mui-tsai as in the past. Obviously, too, the present registration of mui-tsai is glaringly incomplete. We call the attention of the Colonial Office to the fact that the system of mui-tsai in Hong Kong has by no means been abolished, and we recommend that effective steps be taken to ensure the immediate registration of all mui-tsai and \"adopted daughters\" in the colony, a much more thorough system of inspection of the houses where they are lodged, and the imposition of far heavier penalties on those who infringe the law.\n\nGREEN, WHITE AND GOLD FAIR, 1932\n\nAn unusually fine attendance on the first day, and the news of Amy Johnson's triumph on the second, added to the spirit of success which pervaded this year's Fair.\n\nIn contrast to the November gloom outside, Caxton Hall was gay with banners full of significance to many present, and attractively decorated stalls. On Thursday afternoon the proceedings opened with the particularly apt song by Miss Marjorie Bagge, \"Lads and Lasses, Won't You Buy?\"\n\nIn presiding, our President, Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence, read a telegram from Mrs. Hilton Philipson, deeply regretting that the alteration of a matinee at Bristol prevented her from opening the Fair. Our President was, therefore, not only chairman, but opener. Suffragettes, she said, were well trained to rise to emergencies, and in the spirit of the verse,\n\n\"I am the cook and the captain bold\n\nAnd the mate of the Nancy Brig,\n\nAnd the seamen bright and the midshipmite\n\nAnd the crew of the captain's gig.\"\n\nshe would endeavour to combine both functions.\n\nMrs. Pethick-Lawrence explained how good it was to-day to belong to the Women's Freedom League. While everywhere else there was a lack of continuity, in our League, where the Green, White and Gold Fair, Mrs. Despard's birthday party, the Annual Conference, and so forth took place year after year, we had the solid earth beneath our feet.\n\nEvery woman who had taken part in the fight for the vote had played a part in the emancipation of women in all parts of the world. The phenomenal progress made by Turkish women in the last ten years is part of this revolution.\n\nThe present position of the world is unstable. When the new world is evolved the work women are doing will tell; the full harvest of our sowing we shall never know.\n\nMrs. Pethick-Lawrence expressed warm thanks to all who had helped in the work of the Fair, and most of all to Miss Berry, our Honorary Fair Organiser.\n\nMiss Underwood maintained that the members of the Women's Freedom League were not downhearted when they contrasted the position of women at the time the League was founded and the position to-day.\n\nThe closing of the first Session of Parliament brought the next General Election one year nearer. We needed more branches and greater strength in our branches, so that when the opportunity came we could help to secure the return of more women members.\n\nThe Reform of the House of Lords was under consideration. The Women's Freedom League wanted women in that House on the same terms as men.\n\nWe were urging that reference to the nationality of married women should be made in the King's Speech; we were delighted to learn that a British woman married to an American had chosen to go to prison rather than pay a fine for not registering as an alien.\n\nThe Women's Freedom League claim equal political, economic, and social status with men.\n\nMrs. Ward made an urgent appeal for more subscribers to THE VOTE—a paper packed with interesting news concerning women in all parts of the world.\n\nA hearty vote of thanks to Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence was proposed by Dr. Knight, seconded by Mrs. Dore, and carried enthusiastically.\n\nOn Friday the chair was taken by Mrs. Sadd Brown. She felt it an honour, she said, to be presiding at a Fair organised by the Women's Freedom League—a League which pursued a line of continuity and never forsook its ideals. The Women's Freedom League worked with a resolute persistence, its activities were always going on, and although the world might know little about this work, it received the benefit. The League was able to carry on because of its unflagging courage and dogged determination.\n\nThe Hon. Mrs. Franklin said she had been studying Ruth Drapper's delightful sketch on how to open a fair, and would proceed accordingly.\n\nAlthough not a member of the Women's Freedom League, she had a great respect for our First President, Mrs. Despard, and for THE VOTE, which, in her opinion, entirely fulfilled the requirements of a feminist paper. She congratulated the editor on the attention given to the new avenues opening up to women.\n\nThe paper was small, handy, and concise, and gave just the information wanted.\n\nAt the moment there was a certain wave of pessimism concerning the future. One reason women had always wanted to help in world affairs was to procure peace. Public opinion was now behind the Government in asking for peace.\n\nIf anything had been learnt during the last years it was that no nation was sufficient unto itself; it was ridiculous for one nation to fight another. Women wanted the vote for no other reason than to be in a position to fulfil their duties. Mrs. Franklin hoped that women would work in truth for the betterment of the world. Now, like Ruth Drapper's lady, she would declare the Fair open.\n\nMiss Underwood said how proud we were of the achievement of Amy Johnson. She then briefly recapitulated the aims of the Women's Freedom League, and stressed the importance of the appointment of women to administrative posts that they might fit themselves for office at the League of Nations.\n\nMrs. Ward made a spirited appeal for subscribers to THE VOTE. Miss Anna Munro proposed a vote of thanks to all speakers, and Mrs. Whetton, in seconding, said that until women had equal opportunities with men they would not be able to give of their best to the community.\n\nRound the Stalls\n\nBRENTFORD AND CHISWICK STALL, in the charge of Mrs. Morris, Mrs. Watling, Mrs. Yeomans, Mrs. Fairley, Mrs. Haines, Mrs. Tubbs, Mrs. Jinks, and Mrs. Hurrell, is to be complimented on a fine display of delicious confectionery made by Mrs. Watling.\n\nGOLDERS GREEN STALL, in the charge of Miss Aickman, Mrs. and Miss Muriel Pierotti, and Mrs. Stammers, had a good assortment of aluminium ware and brushes.\n\nHAMPSTEAD STALL, in the charge of Miss Lyndon, Miss Trotter, and Miss James, had a varied collection of dainty and useful handkerchiefs.\n\nHIGHBURY STALL, supported by Bradford Branch, in the charge of Mrs. Bateman, Miss Beatrice and Miss Marie Bateman, made a good show with a variety of useful articles, each for the small sum of 1s.\n\nMINERVA CLUB BRANCH STALL, in the charge of Miss M. I. Neal, Mrs. Surrey Dane, and Mrs. Evans had a good show of hosiery and general goods.\n\nMID-LONDON AND BARNSBURY STALL, in the charge of Mrs. Anderton and Mrs. Potter, gave a speciality of hand-made waste-paper baskets and bags made by Miss Horniman, and had a good assortment of stationery.\n\nPORTSMOUTH STALL, in the charge of Mrs. Whetton, Mrs. Brading, and Mrs. Curtis, made a special feature of initialled towels, and had a good collection of household linen.\n\nSOUTH-EASTERN STALL, in the charge of Miss White and Miss Bentley, is to be specially congratulated on a display of Rye pottery, made and presented by a Rye member. It also had a good show of dainty shopping-lists, handsome silk scarves, hand-made baskets, and Japanese goods.\n\nSCOTTISH AND NORTHERN BRANCHES STALL, in the charge of Miss Anna Munro, Mrs. Graves, and Mrs...\n\nPage 20\n\nPage 21",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-539-3 Mui Tsai system 8-2-1932 - 10-1-1933.txt",
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        "id": 548281,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935",
        "page_number": 99,
        "title": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935",
        "content_text": "to his avoiding any action which would endanger the lives of \n\nthe Europeans on board. Whether a threat to torture or kill all Europeans if attacked would be carried out is not known; it is certain that such a threat would be made, and in the light of this it appears that a Commanding Officer has no option but to hold his hand.\n\n6. This very difficult (and very ignominous) situation does not arise, however, until the pirates have captured the ship or the first class accommodation at least; and it is submitted therefore that the first and only real precaution against piracy must, as stated in your No.494/1034 of 28th March, 1935, report on the \"Tungchow\" piracy be the proper protection of the ship internally so that the officers' quarters are shut off from the rest of the ship, and a resolute defence by the officers and guards. I very much hope that, in view of this expression of your opinion, these will be carried into effect. Once it is known that a ship is properly protected and that the officers and guards will fight, the very difficult problem with which Commanding Officers may be faced at present will automatically vanish, since they will know when they receive an alarm that the Europeans onboard are safe and praying for the arrival of a ship of war instead of fearing its arrival as now), and that all that is required of the patrol vessel is a quick arrival on the scene; in other words action instead of forced inaction. If approved, it would be proposed to inform shipping companies accordingly.\n\n(Sgd.) F. ELLIOTT.\n\nCommodore.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935.txt",
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    {
        "id": 554399,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-562-18 Hong Kong University- vacancy for Vice Chancellor 17-2-1937 - 3-8-1937",
        "page_number": 18,
        "title": "CO129-562-18 Hong Kong University- vacancy for Vice Chancellor 17-2-1937 - 3-8-1937",
        "content_text": "## \n\n18 \n\n3 \n\nUniversity, the development of University teaching along many new lines and the problems frequently arising out of the University's relations with the Burma legislative. Partly owing to the fact that the Vice-Chancellor was a part-time (honorary) officer and not an educationalist, partly to the fact that Mr. Sloss was Principal of by far the larger college, but chiefly owing to the fact that he was so obviously well fitted to bear it, the weight of University organisation and administration fell most heavily on his shoulders. I always wondered at the strength of mind and body that enabled him to serve with such conspicuous success in so many different capacities. \n\nHis stature is perhaps shown best by the fact that in spite of his multifarious duties, he continued to share in the work of the English department. He was truly magnanimous. \n\nI have tried to show how Mr. Sloss impressed me during our association in University work. He won his leading position by breadth of mind, by organising power, by resolute purpose, by wisdom in debate and conference so that others came to listen for his voice. I think that by reason of his attainments, his character and his experience, he is eminently fitted to serve the University of Hong Kong as its Vice-Chancellor. \n\n(Signed) W.G. FRASER \n\nIndian Educational Service (retired).",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-562-18 Hong Kong University- vacancy for Vice Chancellor 17-2-1937 - 3-8-1937.txt",
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    {
        "id": 558192,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-567-5 Traffic of arms to China and Japanese air-raids on Kowloon-Canton railway 11-4-1938 - 19-1-1939",
        "page_number": 69,
        "title": "CO129-567-5 Traffic of arms to China and Japanese air-raids on Kowloon-Canton railway 11-4-1938 - 19-1-1939",
        "content_text": "69\n\ncould to assist his Government. We were at the same time bound to have many other considerations in mind, and I hoped that his Government would not lose sight of the fact that we had from the commencement of the struggle given assistance of no mean order to China by keeping open the route through Hong Kong.\n\n7. I noticed in his memorandum (1) a suggestion that the United Kingdom was allowing arms and war materials to be supplied to Japan. So far as I knew, there was no foundation for this suggestion. The Ambassador acknowledged that this part of the note was not applicable to Great Britain, except in so far as he believed we were permitting oil and steel to reach Japan. I told his Excellency that I would have this enquired into, but that I did not suppose that the oil reaching Japan was oil over which we had any power to exercise direct control. He mentioned the fact that Canada had been supplying minerals to Japan, and I told him that this was not in our power to deal with.\n\n8. Finally, I assured the Ambassador that we were very conscious of all the considerations that he had urged both as concerning our own immediate interests and as concerning the larger issues that were being fought out in this unhappy struggle. I said that I would take steps to inform myself in greater detail of the several lines of action along which he had said that the State Department of the United States were moving.\n\nEnclosure.\n\n(1)\n\nMemorandum.\n\nI am, &c.\n\nHALIFAX.\n\nON the 30th September, 1938, the Council of the League of Nations adopted a report on the Chinese Government appeal under article 17, the effect of which was to declare that the provisions of article 16, regarding sanctions against an aggressor State, are applicable in the circumstances of the conflict now raging between China and Japan. It was declared that China had a right to the sympathy and aid of the other members of the League, and that grave international tension elsewhere must not make them forget the sufferings of the Chinese people, or their own duty of doing nothing that might weaken China's power of resistance or their undertaking to consider how far they can individually extend aid to China.\n\nOn the basis of this report the Chinese Government now once again addresses its request to His Majesty's Government to implement their commitments under the successive resolutions of the League of Nations by immediate and positive measures.\n\nAmong these, the most urgent measure the Chinese Government ventures to suggest is that His Majesty's Government declare an embargo on the supply of all arms and war materials to Japan. If, for difficulties of legislation or other practical considerations, such measure cannot be forthwith put into operation, the Chinese Government nevertheless expresses its desire that His Majesty's Government will use their influence of persuasion on the British manufacturers and export merchants to refrain from further supplying the Japanese, directly or indirectly, with arms and war materials, particularly aeroplanes, oil, and steel. In this connexion, it may be pointed out that some time ago the United States Government made known its attitude that no aeroplanes should be sold to Japan by American manufacturers, and the effect of this has been appreciable. It is anticipated that the United States Government will soon be in a position to express a similar attitude with regard to other forms of arms and war materials. The French Government has also introduced an embargo on the export from Indo-China of certain ores of which Japan has hitherto been the principal consumer. Therefore, the Chinese Government fervently hopes that His Majesty's Government, both in consideration of their obligations as a member State of the League of Nations and also in view of their close relations with China otherwise, will not fail to take the most effective measures to assist China in her struggle for national existence and orderly international relations.\n\n3\n\nIt may be added that the above request of the Chinese Government is given even more cogency and urgency by the latest events in South China. The Japanese war machine has already started its long-threatened invasion of Kwangtung, and the consequent danger to Hong Kong and British interests in South China need not be emphasised. The Chinese Government feels that Japan embarks on this bold step in the belief that Great Britain will, in all circumstances and in spite of encroachments upon British interests, observe only a passive neutrality. It is submitted that such acts of aggression on the part of Japan, allowed to go unchecked, are already undermining and eventually will destroy all British interests in South China, and that only a firm stand by Great Britain towards the aggressor and effective immediate assistance to China can contribute to the alleviation of the present situation.\n\nChinese Embassy, London, October 17, 1938.\n\n(Confidential.)\n\n(2)\n\nMemorandum.\n\nI AM requested by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek to communicate the following views on the Japanese invasion of South China, and to ask His Majesty's Government to permit his confidential observations on the situation as it involves British policy:-\n\n* Japan's invasion of Kwangtung, marking as it does the inauguration of Japan's policy of southward expansion, is obviously not directed against China only but is designed to test Great Britain's attitude.\n\nIf Great Britain should place any reliance on Japan's empty phrases of respect for foreign rights and interests and adopts an attitude that Japan can construe as either weak or wavering, then Japan's present rulers will regard all British territories and interests in the Western Pacific area as objectives for absorption, once Japan has secured a base in South China.\n\nJapan's bold southward thrust is manifestly the materialisation of her anti-British policy. Consequently, the community of interest at this juncture between Great Britain and China is real and close. It therefore devolves on Great Britain to give China substantial aid, on the one hand, and, on the other, to take a firm stand against the pretensions of Japan.\n\nParallel action with the United States and France would seem to be called for by all the threatened international interests in that area.\n\nJapan's power and resources are by now greatly spent after encountering China's stout resistance for fourteen months, and therefore Japan is not in a position to cope with another major conflict. Clear proofs of this are Japan's retreat in face of the comparatively firm stand by France in connexion with the Hainan Island area and by the Soviet Union in the Changkufeng affair.\n\nJapan's bold move on South China at this juncture is inspired by the belief of ruling groups in Japan that they are correct in their own interpretation of the dislike and dread of war manifested by Great Britain during the recent European crisis. Japan therefore believes she sees an opportunity to make a test, in the hope that Great Britain will reluctantly acquiesce in her manoeuvre.\n\nIf Great Britain, however, knowing well that Japan is not in a position to extend her military liabilities by becoming involved with third parties, will adopt a resolute course toward the Japanese threats to her territories and interests, then Japan will undoubtedly accept the check.\n\nThe truculence of Japan towards Great Britain is such that the situation in the near future must be that Great Britain will find herself constrained, in association with other democratic Powers, to bring about the permanent check to Japan's predatory ambitions in Eastern Asia and the Western Pacific, or else Japan, in combination with certain other countries, will proceed with its serious threat to the integrity of the British Empire.\n\nIt seems, Generalissimo Chiang begs to be allowed to state frankly, that Great Britain has really arrived at a moment when a decision on this point can no longer be deferred.\n\nChinese Embassy, London, October 17, 1938.\n\n70",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-567-5 Traffic of arms to China and Japanese air-raids on Kowloon-Canton railway 11-4-1938 - 19-1-1939.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 563278,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-574-13 British capital for China- Prime Minister's statement 5-11-1938 - 5-11-1938",
        "page_number": 38,
        "title": "CO129-574-13 British capital for China- Prime Minister's statement 5-11-1938 - 5-11-1938",
        "content_text": "# International Situation\n\n## HOUSE OF COMMONS\n\n[Mr. Adams.] International Situation\n\nEven the Times asserted two or three days ago that the Czech fortifications surrendered to Germany were impregnable to shell-fire; when to-day Hitler, whom many of us regard as the enemy of civilisation, controls the finest armament works in Europe, might not have pursued the course of suicidal indecision which they, in fact, pursued. I believe we might have arrested the shameful retreat started by the Times, which has recently acted like an English edition of the `Angriff`. I only wish to mention the past in so far as it may enable us to apprehend the future. I ask leave to quote from three letters from a Czech friend who fought on our side under General Sirovy against the Germans and then against the Bolshevists across Siberia.\n\nThis man, a fine scholar, and an ex-soldier, has regarded England with something like idolatry. Here are two or three sentences from a letter of 19th September last:\n\n\"Shall we be let down as in 1618? How criminal even to think of disrupting the old Kingdom of Bohemia! It would place us at the mercy of the darkest reactionaries in history. But your Empire is equally threatened.\"\n\nHere is a sentence from another letter dated 2nd October, after the Agreement:\n\n\"England, the cradle of democracy, the promoter and helpmate of brown Fascism. It seems a nightmare! This is the bitterest day of my life. On my birthday my native Bohemian forest was presented to Germany by that England that I have loved all my life so much.\"\n\nHere is an extract from a letter dated 10th October:\n\n\"To-day also the other bank of the Danube, which had never belonged to Germany, was occupied by German forces. One can see the swastika flags from our side. The last outpost of democracy is no more, destroyed - a paradox of history - by our allies and friends.\"\n\nNo wonder that the message from the Czechoslovak Parliament to the House of Commons and the French Chamber of Deputies, which was not read to us, ended: \"We bequeath our sorrows to the French and English people.\"\n\nThe House will understand that, since having that last letter from my friend, I have been too ashamed to write to him. This then, is **\"peace with honour\"**, when Munich exceeds Godesburg; when young women Jewish refugees are, I am told, lying exposed to pneumonia on the damp ground between Sudetenland and the new unfortified Czechoslovakia, and I do not know from the Prime Minister's speech whether the Government intend to guarantee the new Czechoslovakia; when...\n\nThe Prime Minister said he was sure the alternative to his action was war. It is, surely, open to us to ask whether we are always to submit to injustice when force is threatened; because we shall soon be faced with fresh dilemmas and new alternatives. I wonder if it can really be said that the alternatives since March have been war and surrender. I am virtually quoting from the speech of the right hon. Gentleman the Member for St. George's Division of Westminster (Mr. Cooper) when I say I believe that the alternatives since March were surrender and firmness. Or it may be, of course, that the Government always intended to bewilder our friends and to strengthen our enemies. I feel somewhat fortified in that conjecture by certain memories. One of them was a rare smile which crossed the face of the Prime Minister when I had the hardihood to refer to Czechoslovakia during Question Time as \"a bastion of democracy.\" I am the last to grudge the Prime Minister his little joke. In all conscience the life of a Prime Minister to-day must be bleak enough. But I do not think that phrase about Czechoslovakia was very grossly inaccurate. She was a self-governing community, resolute, determined to defend herself and well-armed for the purpose.\n\nAnother memory which unfortunately confirms me in this conjecture is the Biggleswade speech of the Parliamentary Under-Secretary to the Ministry of Labour. There was, again, the elaborate vagueness of the Prime Minister's speech in March, which now seems to have been so two-faced that it might have been drafted by the Chancellor of the Exchequer.\n\nBut suppose that theory is wrong and that the Prime Minister regrets what has happened. His action can then only be explained by knowledge which he had that we were too weak to win or not powerful enough to deter. Whose fault is that? For three years the Government have been pouring out our treasure on rearmament. [Interruption.] As there are only two Members of the Cabinet present, I wonder if I might have the attention of both of them.\n\nIn our policy, there is absolutely nothing to show for it. [Interruption.] Does anyone deny that, although we have spent so much on rearmament in the last three years, during that period matters in the international sphere have steadily deteriorated? We were not even able to call the bluff of the most evil Government in Europe, although that Government had been successfully isolated by the mobilisation of the British Fleet. [Interruption.] If we do not at some moment stand firm, we have only before us a procession of surrenders until we finally reach a position where we are faced not only with war but by inevitable defeat as well. I believe, too, that there is abundant evidence that the German confusion during the crisis greatly exceeded our own.\n\nThe same excuse that we were unprepared was made for our behaviour towards Mussolini at the end of 1935. It was then studiously whispered that the Navy had only enough ammunition for one first-class battle in the Mediterranean. Since that day, we have voted upon rearmament hundreds of millions of pounds. Where has the money gone? The House and the country are entitled to know.\n\nI feel that we have not only been diplomatically defeated but that we are impoverished and weakened as well. If, as the Government must think - because there could not be any other motive for our rearmament - that we are in danger from contemporary Germany, I should have thought that it was the policy of common sense to have on our side all the friends we can possibly muster. But the Chancellor of the Duchy lately chose to criticise the alleged weakness of Russia, which is by land by far the greatest single deterrent factor against German aggression.\n\nI can only say how glad Dr. Goebbels must be when his work is so faithfully done for him by an Irish peer.\n\nHaving successively peeled off our outer coverings, the Government say their future policy is one of appeasement. I listened with great attention to the Prime Minister for a clear definition of what appeasement might mean in terms of practical politics. What exactly does it mean? Does it, for example, mean more concessions of other people's territory? Does it mean the permanent exclusion from our Government of our most courageous and competent statesmen? I do not know that the right hon. Gentleman the Minister of Labour need mind that implied comparison between himself and the right hon. Gentleman the Member for Epping (Mr. Churchill). Does it mean our accepting a condition in the air of enduring inferiority to the Nazis? Or, most probable of all, I suppose it may mean colonies. For this reason, more than any other, I am heartily glad that Parliament is together.\n\nWhen separated in July, I feared that a colonial surrender was in the air. Instead, we have been made parties to the parcelling out of other people's property. But no doubt Hitler, who is nothing if not cunning, will now begin to sustain his demand for colonies by this kind of argument - \"You have given us Czechoslovakia, which never belonged to you or to us. Now hand over something that you are entitled to dispose of.\" If we are minded to use his own language, we are able to retort that, if we can dispose of something, we are also entitled to keep it; and hope we shall make that the answer.\n\nBut if it is now the purpose of the Government to begin the dismemberment of the British Empire - because that is, I believe, what colonial concessions will eventually mean - why were not colonies given to Stresemann or Bruning? Why not give colonies to Russia or the United States or to Poland, which, I understand, has lately uttered a desire for colonial territories? Why was not this whole policy of appeasement adopted before the bully in Germany jumped into the saddle? Colonial concessions will not make things a jot better. They will only make things worse. Before the War, the same Germany which is now threatening civilisation had 3,000,000 square miles of African territory and yet she went to war. No one is going to say that Germany was guiltless of what happened in 1914, although I understand it has become rather unfashionable to say that she was wholly to blame; but at least she bears a pretty heavy portion of the blame for that catastrophe. And does the House really imagine that if Germany gets one single token colony, she is going to rest content? I believe that if she gets one, she will immediately proceed to a demand for parity of colonies, and why should she not, so strengthened, demand parity at sea with ourselves? I earnestly... \n\n1 NOVEMBER 1938\n## International Situation \n\nPage 113\nPage 114\nPage 67\nPage 68",
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        "id": 564134,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "page_number": 97,
        "title": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n## SECTION 2\n\nPage 119\n\n[F 5201/874/23]\n\n**Sir R. Craigie to Viscount Halifax.—(Received June 1.)**\n\nCopy No. 130\n\n(No. 285.)\n\nHIS Majesty's representative at Tokyo presents his compliments to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, with reference to Tokyo despatch to Foreign Office No. 210 of the 21st March, has the honour to transmit to him a copy of Political Diary No. 3 for the month of March 1939.\n\nTokyo, April 19, 1939.\n\n### Enclosure\n\n#### Political Diary No. 3 of 1939, March 1 to 31\n\n(This diary is a brief and informal review of current topics. Although it is largely based on extracts from the Japanese press and is not in the nature of a considered report, the diary should be treated as confidential and should not be publicly quoted or reproduced.)\n\n### General\n\n#### EXTERNAL AFFAIRS\n\n70. The month of March was distinguished by a number of rumours of impending developments of first-class importance which by the end of the month failed to materialise. The first of these was the fishery scare; admittedly there was little belief that a failure to resolve the dispute would result in immediate Russo-Japanese hostilities, but resolute speeches in the Diet, coupled with troop movements on the railways, led to a certain feeling of heightened nervousness. The passage of the Ides of March without incident caused a relaxation in the tension, and political gossip, as far as foreign affairs is concerned, turned to another important question, the possible strengthening of the Anti-Comintern Pact. The announcement of some positive step by the Japanese Government was expected in many quarters to be made before the end of the month, but, in spite of much coming and going between the German and Italian Embassies and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, nothing had transpired by the 31st March.\n\n### British Empire\n\n71. Singapore. On the 1st March the Japanese Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs handed to His Majesty's Ambassador two protests regarding the proceedings of the Straits Settlements authorities against Japanese subjects. The first concerned raids made by the police on certain premises on the 18th January, while the second raised objections to the action of the authorities in requiring on two occasions attendance by holders of diplomatic passports at police stations in the colony. Similar representations had already been made on the 28th January by the Japanese Ambassador in London.\n\n72. A note was addressed to the Japanese Ambassador in London on the 18th March, in which Mr. Shigemitsu was informed that the raids had been carried out in accordance with the law, and that the result of the measures taken left no doubt that an intention existed on the part of certain Japanese to engage in activities calculated to cause a breach of the peace. Comparison was invited between the measures of precaution taken at Singapore and those in force in the Japanese fortified areas, and the hope was expressed that a correct appreciation by Japanese nationals in Singapore of their obligations while resident in British territory would obviate the necessity of similar measures in the future.\n\n[633a-2]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 567628,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-580-2 Sino-Japanese War- British policy and reactions in Hong Kong and Malaya 27-7-1939 - 3-2-1940",
        "page_number": 107,
        "title": "CO129-580-2 Sino-Japanese War- British policy and reactions in Hong Kong and Malaya 27-7-1939 - 3-2-1940",
        "content_text": "CYPİLER TELEGRAM from the Governor of the Straits Settlements to the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nDated 22nd June, 1939. Received 12.47 p.m. 22nd June, 1939.\n\n4107\n\nNo.45.\n\nGovernment House. Secret and Personal.\n\nI find myself compelled to inform you that the political effects on Asiatics in Malaya of our inaction in China is bad. While the general feeling of the local Chinese is strongly anti-Japanese and extremely loyal to local Government, there is much criticism of failure to deal adequately with the high-handed and oppressive measures taken by the Japanese in Yangtze River. Opinion amongst the upper and middle classes is that British prestige has been falling ever since the shooting of the British Ambassador and that the insults and outrages on British subjects and property in China are nothing new and are only to be expected as a result of British weakness.\n\nThey will not be surprised if the British concessions in Tientsin and Shanghai are surrendered. Opinion amongst the lower classes is frankly that Britain is afraid and that the British soldiers are not so brave and daring as the Japanese.\n\nFrom the enclosure to my letter of 22nd November, you will realise that as regards Siamese, we are merely playing into the hands of the Japanese.\n\nFor what it is worth, my own opinion is that Japan would not stand up to resolute action on our part and that such action should be taken now. If we do not, we run the risk of alienating the goodwill of those who are still friendly disposed.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-580-2 Sino-Japanese War- British policy and reactions in Hong Kong and Malaya 27-7-1939 - 3-2-1940.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 568155,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-581-16 British propaganda in Hong Kong 18-4-1939 - 29-10-1939",
        "page_number": 107,
        "title": "CO129-581-16 British propaganda in Hong Kong 18-4-1939 - 29-10-1939",
        "content_text": "107\n\n11 702\n\nA Resolute Policy.\n\nHERE BRITAIN STANDs.\n\nBy Joseph Martin.\n\nNo one who has read recent declarations of policy by British statesmen can now be ignorant of the country's determination to resist the spread of power politics in Europe. Mr. Neville Chamberlain, the Prime Minister, has repeatedly stated that Great Britain can no longer tolerate the subjugation of the small nations of Europe by force, or the threat of force. Lord Halifax, the Foreign Secretary, has emphasised the seriousness of Britain's intention to make a firm stand against further aggression, and in a recent speech he gave one of the most comprehensive and convincing statements of policy and intention ever uttered by a British statesman.\n\nSpeaking at the annual dinner of the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London, Lord Halifax examined the twin foundations of purpose upon which British policy rests. One is determination to resist force. The other is a recognition of the desire of the peoples of the world to get on with the constructive work of establishing and securing the peace of the world. The speech was a dignified utterance, worthy of the occasion and of the nation whose convictions and resolves it so perfectly expressed.\n\nIt was resolute and free from any shadow of doubt, hesitancy, or ambiguity of expression. Anyone who now fails to realise that Britain is in earnest must be either guilty of wilful ignorance, or wilful misunderstanding.\n\nLord Halifax referred to the great changes which have taken place during the past year, changes which have caused Britain to make agreements for mutual defence with Poland and Turkey, to guarantee to defend Roumania and Greece against aggression, and to negotiate with Soviet Russia with a view to an association which will bring Britain and Russia to the defence of states in Europe.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-581-16 British propaganda in Hong Kong 18-4-1939 - 29-10-1939.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 575193,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-590-22 Situation in enemy occupied Hong Kong 19-1-1943 - 20-11-1943",
        "page_number": 34,
        "title": "CO129-590-22 Situation in enemy occupied Hong Kong 19-1-1943 - 20-11-1943",
        "content_text": "## 6.\n\npoints: - \n\nAll members of the party now await definite instructions on the following: \n- date of start of leave, \n- amount of money available to them regularly per month and amount which may be drawn as a lump sum for re-equipment purposes.\n\n(c) Whether expenses from date of arrival in Montreal to date of reaching their final destinations and going on leave are payable by the government. (Hotels in Montreal, for example, cost 30/- per day without food: the repatriates, even on full pay, are not equipped to face unavoidable expenditure on this scale).\n\n(a) Whether they (and their families) may be medically examined and undergo whatever treatment is necessary at government expense.\n\n(e) In the case of Mr. Morris and Sgt. Fyffe, definite arrangements for them to proceed to Australia and Scotland respectively, as soon as possible.\n\nIt is in my opinion important to convey authoritative decisions on these points to them as urgently as possible.\n\n## 7.\n\nAll complain (among other things) of loss of memory and very few were prepared to say in detail what their salaries were on December 8th, 1941. I asked each to think it over and to report what details they could by letter to the High Commissioner's office as soon as possible.\n\n## 8 \nBrief accounts of their interviews with me are attached. Except for Mrs. Zaitzeff they have little of first-rate importance to report. It is obvious that outside contacts are very scarce in the camp.\n\n## 9. \nPoints on which there was complete unanimity are as follows:\n- (a) All have been sternly warned of reprisals against those remaining in Stanley if any of the exchange prisoners talks against the Japanese or discloses information damaging to them. None of the repatriates thinks the Japanese are bluffing about this and each pleads that anything he or she says or writes may be treated with the utmost discretion. \n- (b) Conditions in the camp are very bad and are approaching a crisis with this coming winter. Further exchanges or an almost instantaneous alleviation are imperative.\n\n(c) No one in the camp has any doubt about how the war is going. None of the government servants doubts but that he and his dependents are being and will be looked after.\n\n(d) The reactions to American bombing are indescribable. The flight of the P.38's over the camp is the greatest moment in these people's lives. Asked what would have been the result had the P.38's been R.A.F. Spitfires, words failed the repatriates: I can describe their attitude to this thought only as one of awed wonder and prayer. None thinks it is feasible for planes to drop anything in the camp without previous arrangements approved by those inside.\n\n(e) All have lost weight (the average is upwards of 30 lbs. per man) and in varying degrees they suffer from impairment of vision and memory. \n- (f) All deeply appreciated (as an earnest of the authorities continuing interest in them) the fact that the Colonial Office had taken the trouble to send an officer to meet them: and all, with the exception of Dr. Greaves, are anxious to return to the Far East to attend to \"unfinished business\" as soon as may be.\n\n(g) None could suggest any new technique of raising morale in the camp. \n- (h) It was possible from what they did not say to deduce that Mr. Gimson is having a hard and thankless task as commandant of the camp. I tried without success to draw indirectly from them any suggestions for strengthening his position from the outside, vis-a-vis the rest of the internees.\n- (i) The internal politics of the camp are not worthy of repetition here but when the day of liberation comes I am afraid that the air will be thick with charges and counter-charges, and old scores to be settled.\n\n(j) Mr. Zindle, the Red Cross representative is no good. The general feeling is that, great as the difficulties are, a more resolute man would achieve far greater results.\n\n64251-1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-590-22 Situation in enemy occupied Hong Kong 19-1-1943 - 20-11-1943.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 576000,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943",
        "page_number": 153,
        "title": "CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943",
        "content_text": "181\n\n-12-\n\n1\n\nOn MTB 10's return, more patrols were ordered by XDO. MTB 11 being detailed to search for ship reported showing searchlight off Lingting, but if found I gave orders that being alone she was not to attack unless in a definitely favourable position. An MTB was also detailed by XDO to patrol Tathong and MTB 09 detailed but the weather being hard for such an MTB patrol to be effective, I ordered 09 to report state of sea and this patrol was later withdrawn. This was a very hard '24 hours' for ATB's but personnel ashore were also being driven. The following general signal was received this night:-\n\n\"H. E. the Governor has sent the following message\n\nDecember 20th\n\nto all H. M. Forces in H.K.\n\nThe time has come to advance against the enemy. The eyes of the Empire are upon us. Be strong. Be resolute and do\n\nyour duty.\n\nMark Young Governor\n\n2031/19\".\n\nOn Saturday, December 20th, the Chinese naval ratings working MTB motor cutter and motor boat did not appear for duty having left to look after their families in Hongkong, and I find it difficult to blame them, as after the scuttling the position to them must have appeared hopeless, and these crews had been hard worked, had slept each night in their boats and received rather meagre rations ever since December 8th. They had stayed longer than any other Chinese. MTB personnel now worked boats themselves as requisite.\n\nNaval ratings and European Dockyard Defence Corps were now being used to reinforce the military. At 1300 I was ordered to see the Extended Defence Officer and Commodore and proceeded to Headquarters and Dockyard on a motorcycle in heavy rain. There was a good deal of shelling on the Hongkong side but Aberdeen was quiet. I was given instructions by the Commodore to torpedo the S.S. APOEY at No. 13 buoy after dark as this ship was suspected of having a Japanese force on board, a small Jap motor boat having previously been fired upon before taking refuge at S.S. APOEY. I was not however to expend more than 2 torpedoes. I proposed with his approval to go in at 2300 top of high water with MTB 10 and 11 and fire one torpedo from 10 and another from 11, if 10's failed, but fire no more, the difficulty being to obtain sufficient margin in the harbour at night to fire a torpedo in water over 40 feet depth; it being difficult to take aim at rest. I was then given confidential instructions to carry a European guerilla leader, Mr. F.W.K. and his two assistants in the boats of the Flotilla and to land with him north of Hongkong after scuttling, and to endeavour to pass through the Japanese lines with flotilla personnel.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 580951,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-593-6 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee papers 1-1-1939 - 31-12-1946",
        "page_number": 106,
        "title": "CO129-593-6 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee papers 1-1-1939 - 31-12-1946",
        "content_text": "## Suggestions by Mr. Cox with regard to the Agenda Paper for the 2nd Meeting of the Hong Kong University Advisory Committee\n\n### Item 1. Minutes\nThe Secretary will explain that, exceptionally, she has circulated a fairly full confidential record of the discussion at the first meeting as well as the short minutes which the Committee agreed were all that was needed. The reason for this is that, unexpectedly, there has been a month's interval since the first meeting and as this long record is available in the Office, we thought we might as well let members have it, particularly as one or two were not present at the first meeting. It is hoped the Committee will be able to meet fortnightly in future, and it is unlikely that anything beyond the short minutes will be available for general circulation in subsequent meetings.\n\n### Item 2. Announcements by the Secretary\nThese will comprise various minor points as to follow-up action on last time's minutes, papers to be circulated, membership, etc., as to which no notes from me are necessary. Sir H. Prideaux-Brune, who was present as a Foreign Office observer last time, now becomes a fully briefed Foreign Office member. Dr. Kauntze, my Medical Adviser colleague here, is just back from a long West Indian tour and joins the Committee. Margery Perham, who is writing Lugard's life, has promised to let the Committee have any useful papers on his original aims in founding the University. And so on.\n\n### Item 3. Dates of Meetings\nSloss was very much disappointed by the unavoidable delay caused by our having to postpone the second meeting until now (my fault through forgetting I could not myself manage Feb. 1st). He feels our discussions may go on for months and months unless there are prepared agenda papers and a resolute attempt to fix well in advance, and stick to dates of meetings. I fully agree. This means, I think, asking the Committee to decide on a plan of campaign as regards dates. One suggestion is the reservation of one afternoon every second week, e.g., alternate Thursdays. This may not suit those living at a distance (principally yourself) who would naturally prefer to have the meetings at times when they have anyhow to be in London. But whatever method is adopted, the important things seem to me to be (a) to have meetings at not longer intervals than a fortnight; (b) to fix in each meeting, when the maximum numbers are present, at least two, if not three, dates in advance so that these may be provisionally held clear by all present.\n\nThere may be one or two late arrivals or absentees, and I don't know at what stage in the meeting you will want to take this Item. I believe Professor Penson can't arrive till 3.15 p.m. Thursday afternoons are in general bad for her. Burney, who missed the first meeting, can never do Fridays.\n\n### Item 4. Sloss to report on his efforts to get ahead with ordering equipment\nHe does not seem to have had much success so far. The Committee may be able to help on this, particularly with regard to the scientific side on which Sloss told us he must have help. This Item obviously has a bearing on Item 5.\n\n### Item 5.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-593-6 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee papers 1-1-1939 - 31-12-1946.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 583588,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-597-3 Estimates 1950 22-2-1949 - 3-11-1950",
        "page_number": 11,
        "title": "CO129-597-3 Estimates 1950 22-2-1949 - 3-11-1950",
        "content_text": "I have seen some W. \n\nI don't think we have fared at this stage of the first Sentence f. 487(13) more so than many \n\nMr. Wallace \n\nI am sorry to have kept this file. I have been extremely pressed with other matters and was anxious to study the matter carefully.\n\nIt seems to me that the despatch at (13) sets out clearly the present financial position of Hong Kong, and I hope that we shall comment favourably on this fact in our reply. What is perhaps more important, however, is that the later paragraphs of the despatch give us the first beginnings of a comprehensive programme of external borrowing. Hitherto we have received general warnings about possible loan requirements in respect of e.g. the reservoir project, but I think I am right in saying that no programme, drawn up in relation to the Colony's present financial position and future prospects, has hitherto reached us.\n\nI have been hoping for some time that the Governor would give us sufficient material to get to grips with Hong Kong's external borrowing problem, and have not been altogether happy with the way in which things have been left in the past. We have not, as I think you know, given Hong Kong any place in our rough programme of Colonial London Market requirements up to the end of March, 1952. This was because there was no Hong Kong requirement in sight at the time when the programme was drawn up, but clearly a genuine Hong Kong requirement must not be ruled out on those grounds. The results may be awkward for us, because we may be faced with the problem either of fitting Hong Kong into the present limited programme or of extending the programme for Hong Kong's sake (and persuading the Treasury to agree to this course); but if Hong Kong's intrinsic case is strong enough to stand beside that of other Colonies whose needs we are proposing to meet, the problem will just have to be tackled. I have felt for some time that there was a Hong Kong case, and have not been altogether happy about the way in which we have told the Governor, up till quite recently, that London borrowing was out of the question. I am glad, therefore, that he has returned to the charge in the present despatch and has given us some material to work on.\n\nThis does not mean that I regard the information in the present despatch as complete or altogether satisfactory. On the contrary, I regard the stated requirement of $150 million as almost certainly inflated, and we are given no information about the proposed timing of a London loan. More important still, the Governor's apparent assumption that he can apply successfully for a London loan without doing a great deal more to satisfy H.M.G. that he is pursuing a resolute taxation policy is by no means justified. I agree with Mr. Palmer that the remarks about taxation in the present despatch leave a great deal to be desired. The possibility of increasing income tax is lightly dismissed on the grounds that any increase, however small, would redouble the danger of widespread evasion. I find it hard to believe this though I readily believe that the Hong Kong Chinese are as adept at tax evasion as most other inhabitants of this planet.\n\nIncome tax staff in Singapore is no more adequate than in Hong Kong, yet the rate of the tax in Singapore is markedly higher. The Governor's argument is, of course, a very easy one to use and a very difficult one to rebut, but I am convinced that a moderate increase in the immediate future would yield handsome returns.\n\nIn these circumstances I think we should in any case have had to return to the charge on the taxation issue, even if the proposals for a London loan had not been put forward. The existence of those proposals makes the moment, in my view, even more opportune. As Mr. Palmer says, Hong Kong seems to have slipped into a position of fairly advanced financial devolution, and to...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-597-3 Estimates 1950 22-2-1949 - 3-11-1950.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 584378,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-599-1 Salaries Commission 8-12-1947 - 22-12-1947",
        "page_number": 155,
        "title": "CO129-599-1 Salaries Commission 8-12-1947 - 22-12-1947",
        "content_text": "158 \n\nSome officers over the age of 40. I understand that it was a number of cases of this sort within the knowledge of the members of the Commission which induced them to make the recommendation contained in paragraph 163 of their report. It may be that the increased pressure and pace of Government work in the post-war period and the multiplicity and variety of new problems now confronting colonial administrations have served to emphasise the disabilities liable to affect some public officers over the age of 40 to which Mr. Ormsby Gore referred in 1936.\n\n5. During the recent Budget debate in Legislative Council, all Unofficial Members referred directly or indirectly to the desirability of Government ridding itself of \"dead wood\" and there is no doubt that the Salaries Commission's references to pruning Government staffs reflect a view widely held by many sections of the public in Hong Kong. If pruning is to be seriously attempted, it cannot be effective for many years to come unless new powers are available to compel officers to retire earlier than is at present possible.\n\n6. My own view, which is shared by my advisers, is that the public service would benefit to a considerable degree if powers existed to compel retirement at 45. Confirmation to the permanent establishment must, for a number of reasons, be considered very early in an officer's career, usually while he is still under 30. Thereafter, he will normally serve for a quarter of a century during which period, in the absence of some spectacular lapse, it is for all practical purposes impossible to terminate his services. It seems obvious and right that at a reasonable point between confirmation and ultimate retirement at the age limit, Government should have an opportunity of considering the advisability of terminating the service of an officer who, it may be through no fault of his own, has become incapable of discharging his responsibilities with sufficient vigour: more especially since the public service invariably takes its tone from the senior officers throughout the various grades.\n\n7. It is evident that the efficiency of the administration would gain were it possible for it to rid itself of officers who at the age of 45 were worked out, or had lost (or never fully gained) confidence in themselves, or who suffered from a sense of disappointment, disgruntlement or defeat, or were otherwise incapacitated from the resolute and energetic performance of their duties by a deficiency of character developed in their middle years which could not have been forecast at the time of their confirmation to the permanent establishment.\n\n8. With cost an insignificant factor, the one possible drawback that I can see to the proposal lies in the fact that it would be essential, if justice were to be done, to match the Government's right to call on an officer to retire at 45 with a corresponding right on the part of the officer to claim retirement at the same age if he so desired. I have every reason to believe that the civil service would deeply resent an arrangement which could not be invoked at the mutual discretion of either party: and indeed it would be difficult to justify any other arrangement. It is therefore necessary to attempt to estimate whether discretion to retire at 45 would drain off from the public service an appreciable number of efficient officers at the period of their maximum value to Government, thus embarrassing administration or materially impairing its effectiveness.\n\n9. After careful consideration, I do not feel that Government need be prevented from adopting the recommendation in paragraph 163 of the Salaries Commission report by the fear that an undue number",
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    },
    {
        "id": 597814,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-625-2 Finance- revenue equalization fund 1-1-1951 - 31-12-1951",
        "page_number": 4,
        "title": "CO129-625-2 Finance- revenue equalization fund 1-1-1951 - 31-12-1951",
        "content_text": "that the proposal of an \n\nExchange Fund applied \n\nas in (6) is \n\nThe Hong Kong Legislative should \n\nnot mistake the fund as \n\nwhich \n\nEqualisation Fund. \n\nhowever \n\nnot be left \n\na source \n\nuntil completely exhausted, \n\nprecludes any proposals for increased taxation which budgetary needs may \n\nrender necessary. \n\n(We are \n\nfamiliar \n\nwith the resolute obstruction to tax! \n\nin that Colony) \n\nwhile the Governor has no \n\ndoubt considered his \"Liquidity\" position \n\nin regard to initial \n\ncontributions when \n\nas $100 million or \n\nroughly \n\n(Copy attached) \n\none-half of the General Revenue balance, he might, I think, be advised \n\nto examine that control again, in the \n\nlight of the ingredients of \n\nhis surplus balance, as based upon Para 4 of Circ Desp. No 2 of 10/1/51, from the remaining half, bank purchases \n\nmust be financed I am \n\ninformed \n\nthat \n\nSeasonally \n\nas much \n\nas $80 million! \n\nPara 8 of (6) - \n\nThe proposal to \n\ncredit the balances referred to \n\nthe Equalisation fund is, in my \n\nopinion, acceptable. \n\nXCR(85)72\n\nPage 151",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-625-2 Finance- revenue equalization fund 1-1-1951 - 31-12-1951.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 600635,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-629-8 Social policy 1-12-1949 - 31-12-1951",
        "page_number": 7,
        "title": "CO129-629-8 Social policy 1-12-1949 - 31-12-1951",
        "content_text": "Give a clear lead. In my view neither this unofficial, European & Chinese, nor this official con can be enlightened to take the necessary view & back it with resolute action. The lead must come from this office & cannot be left until after Constitutional changes have been made. Even when changes are made I see little prospect of getting a lead from the new Leg. Co. as its members will be raw & inexperienced in these matters.\n\nThe way ahead is clear. What needs to be done is obvious. What is required is a firm push from here.\n\nThanks for sending the marque papers which have been a valuable file. I am sorry that the whole matter was not raised out in Council in a definite manner.\n\nWe cannot let this matter rest as it is. I make allowances for the preoccupations of Hongkong with the emergency, but this Office must now push for a strong lead. Otherwise, we are in for some bad criticism - here, in the treaty ports, and in international circles, however reasonable our moderation may be.\n\nContrasting #16 and the Chinese loans, however, is painful.\n\nFRAS 5/1/00\n\nPage information is not explicitly given but based on the original instruction, the page numbering should be kept if it follows the exact format of \"Page XX\" repeated three times at the top and bottom. Since it's not directly provided in the text, it will not be added.\n\n \nad 571150",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-629-8 Social policy 1-12-1949 - 31-12-1951.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    }
]