[
    {
        "id": 267249,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-116 - Sir MacDonnell - 1866 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 194,
        "title": "CO129-116 - Sir MacDonnell - 1866 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "Official No 45716 \"Westminster\" Officient\n\nro 6.327\n\nQuang trong\n\nJermyns Orient) of\n\nLondon.\n\nA\n\n1242 động Kông.\n\nRECEIVED\n\nFEB 4 1867\n\n192\n\nAnou! No. 2\n\nгов\n\n11 Feb 1678\n\n27-11.\n\n? No. 25-8 Feb /68 - Mo\n\nFR.\n\n1-169.\n\nMy Lord,\n\nGovernment House,\n\nHong Kong, 12th December, 1866.\n\nI have the honor to\n\nreport\n\nthat\n\nin December, 1864 a grant of land was made to the Reverend Father Raimondo of the Roman Catholic Mission here for the purpose of building\n\nA Reformatory to which destitute\n\nThe Right Honorable\n\nThe Earl of Carnarvon,\n\nHer Majesty's Principal Secretary of State,",
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    {
        "id": 279345,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-139 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 381,
        "title": "CO129-139 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "9,326.\n\n9,226\n\n217\n\n192\n\n1,134\n\n1,134\n\n13,192\n\n9,200\n\nExpenditure\n\nEstimated Estimates\n\n376\n\nfor 1870 Mercedes-\n\nExplanatory Rewards\n\nC\n\nfor 1869 for 1870\n\nBrought forward 126,741.60 113,765.80 1,704 14,687.80\n\nIndicial Departments Registrar of Companies Rept\n\nEcclesiastical Department.\n\nEducational Do\n\n100\n\nThe requisition of the Judicial Dept has been reduced to this extent.\n\ngerew from\n\nthe\n\n25\n\nho\n\nContingencies\n\nare estimated for\n\nMedical\n\nDo\n\n21,002\n\n21,498\n\n496\n\nPolice, Magistracy\n\n化\n\n6,344\n\n6,404\n\nво\n\n202,000\n\nPolice\n\nLlo\n\n183,492\n\n120,000\n\nGast\n\nDe\n\n42,176\n\n45,523\n\n3,347\n\nFire Brigade\n\nDo\n\n7,000\n\n8,000\n\n1,000\n\nCharitable Allowances\n\n500\n\n1,266\n\n756.\n\nTransport\n\nWorks & Building\n\n3,500\n\n3,500\n\n190,000. 137,000\n\n55,000\n\n41,000\n\nRoads Streets & Bridges.\n\n63,492\n\nCarried forward 659,624.60 577,698.80 7,363 $149,288.80\n\nThis decrease is caused by the\n\nand\n\nSpecial Fund.\n\nThe Salaries of the dispenser at Wanaka & the Inspector of Brothel have\n\nlast been increased\n\nThe increase arises from the Fees payable from Portenorter examination\n\nThe Special Fund supplies the difference between $ 120,000 the Police expenditure\n\nThis\n\nincrease is for the\n\nPre\n\nfor the Provisioning of Prisoners with a view to\n\nof a charge\n\navoidance\n\nbri\n\nany\n\nSupplemental estimate in such.\n\nperfect\n\nThe increase provides for the employment of an Engineer for the Steam Fire Engines -\n\nIn previous estimates the payments for Destitute Boys at the Reformatory\n\ncharged to Police Magistrates-\n\nwri\n\nThe decrease is caused by the Completion of several Public works,\n\nDepartmental requisition makes no mention of Improvement in Taipingshan, which figured last year\n\nextent.\n\nA sum of $25,000.\n\nto the\n\n3,992\n\nthe\n\n53,000\n\n14,000\n\nThe",
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    {
        "id": 288735,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 108,
        "title": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "100 have not gave to the extent recommended. A First Class Inspector will now have $100 instead of $70 morsom, and a First Class Corritable prev will draw the pang at which the men have been lately recruited in $40 per mensen. Scotland, viz: $40 per mensem.\n\nThe services es ·Services exclusive C deserved cowe Peration greater pecuniary chom they at present enjoyed, I did proposed grant £250 gean not oppose The of $1800 to the Sisters of Charity, though the voted last year was mly $500. The grant to the Roman Carholic Reformatory has been reduced from $63 to $50 Rome\n\nEtablishments next require cxplanation. Your Lordship will find that the Charitable Allowances have been increased by $1,544. This exccess of that which amennt I proposed to the Comvil, but as the Members seemed to be almost unanimously of opinion that the Ranan Carholic Charitable Institutions per wenzen.\n\nI have next to refer to the votes for Notts and Buildings. The necessity for a new Harbor Master's Office clearly shown lost year, was when the present building gave signs of unstable foundations. Neuentreless, beyond taking a vote nothing was done for $30,000 prior to my arrival in the Colony, but having",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 301261,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-179 - Governor Hennessy - 1877 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 389,
        "title": "CO129-179 - Governor Hennessy - 1877 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "that once a building site has been levelled and laid out it is a matter of extreme difficulty to effect subsequent changes. These difficulties will account for the somewhat close juxtaposition of the buildings and the more capacious airing grounds.\n\n387 my duty from time to time to refer Looking, however, to your Lordship's instructions, I have confined myself to considering such alterations only as may be essential in the existing layout in the town of Victoria.\n\n6. The Reformatory at West Point to which the Government granted in 1873 Six Hundred Dollars a year for taking charge of Convict Prison on Stone Cutters Island. Twenty-eight juveniles, now Sixty juveniles learning trades and subject to reformatory discipline...\n\nThe Christian Brothers who manage that Reformatory spend 2000 dollars a year over and above the Government allowance. There is no doubt the present Gaol is unfortunately much overcrowded. Sir Hercules Robinson's plan of having a proper Reformatory would have prevented some of the serious evils of overcrowding and association to which it has been subject.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-179 - Governor Hennessy - 1877 [9-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 302493,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 16,
        "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "# \nHead Master and Inspector Mr. Stewart noted that this measure had the desired effect of awakening a spirit of healthy emulation among the Native School Masters and of creating a more general appreciation of the advantages of free education among the Chinese parents.\n\nThe Central school under the new system of management was growing in favour with the most respectable classes of Chinese. The system of payment introduced into the English department was working well.\n\nThe number of scholars enrolled in the Government school amounted in 1863 only to 495, but the attendance improved in regularity.\n\n## \nIn the Report of the Board for the year 1864, they dwell on the obstacles to be met with in regard to the village-schools. One of the objections, they say, is that the Sacred Scriptures are read in the schools, which, however, was not compulsory; but, they continue, that this objection is more ostensive than real, as may be gathered from the fact that in a school supported by one of the Missions, where the Bible must be read, there is a regular attendance of forty children, while there are only some ten or twelve at the Government school in the neighbourhood.\n\nThe Board had to report a decrease in the number enrolled for the year, but they found that the attendance was much more regular. The total number of scholars amounted in 1864 to 469.\n\n\"The Central school continued to grow in favour with the Chinese. It is attended principally by a class of boys superior to those of the village-schools, and for this reason, the Board have resolved that, for the future, fees shall be charged against all the pupils. The school was now more efficiently conducted due to the appointment of an additional English Master. The Bible is not used as a text-book in English, but it is taught by the Chinese Masters in their own language to those pupils whose parents offer no objection.\"\n\nNothing is said in the Reports for 1862, 63, 64, as to how much had been expended. The passage of the two English Masters, the erection and enlargement of the Central school, and the salary paid to the European Masters must have entailed larger expenses than in the preceding years.\n\nWith 1865, the Board of Education ceased to exist, and Mr. Stewart remained as Head Master and Inspector of schools.\n\n## \nThe private schools kept by the Protestant Missionaries for Chinese, where the reading of the Holy Scripture was obligatory, were going on well, and among them St. Paul's College was always prominent until the misfortune came of losing its funds on the occasion of a severe bankruptcy which happened in Hongkong to one of the principal Mercantile Firms.\n\nThe R. Catholic schools have been enlarging their sphere. A Catholic Reformatory was opened in 1863 in a small house at West Point. Sir Hercules Robinson granted to the R. Catholic Mission in Hongkong a large piece of ground in West Point for the Reformatory. The foreign Community very liberally subscribed to the erection of the building, and in 1865, the inmates from the Chinese house were transferred into the new building, and their number increased. They were not many, from 12 who had been received at the first starting of the institution, they increased till near 30; no larger number was received on account of want of funds. The allowance of $2 each for 12 boys was made out of the poor box from the Magistracy, and this aid enabled the Directors to start in the same building shops where the inmates were taught carpentery, shoemaking, and tailoring. The Establishment grew in favour with the Community.\n\nThe schools for girls at the Italian Convent were prospering. An orphanage was started attached to the schools, and the building enlarged.\n\nThe most prominent among the Catholic Educational Establishments was St. Saviour's College. In 1863, a large building was in course of erection in Wellington Street, which was continued and finished in 1864 along Pottinger Street. The cost of the building amounted to $14,000, which was mostly collected in the Philippine Islands by one of the Missionaries. An English Teacher from Europe was obtained, and the small school in Staunton Street, which only numbered 20 pupils, was transferred to the new building, where they increased rapidly. A day and boarding school were kept there, and a good number of youth came from the neighbouring Catholic Spanish Colony, the Philippines, to partake of the benefit of Education. The tuition was strictly commercial.\n\nIn 1865, the first public Examination was held, which proved a success. A long description of it appeared in the press, and H. Excellency Mr. Mercer, the acting Governor, honoured the Institution by distributing the prizes. A... \n\n## \n13",
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    {
        "id": 302500,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 23,
        "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "24 \n\nThe Roman Catholic Mission has established several educational institutions in Hongkong. We have St. Saviour's College, a superior school where the European children can obtain a sound and practically useful and commercial education. For the Chinese, we have an industrial and commercial school. Our Seminary opens to every Chinese who wishes it the gate of all knowledge in teaching him the Latin language. Of the 76 who during its brief existence have passed through the English classes in this College, 70 have got situations and are all doing well, some in Manila, some in the Coast Ports, and the remainder in Hongkong. A few of them are getting, at twenty years of age, salaries of over one hundred dollars a month. Our Anglo-Chinese school has turned out about forty young Chinamen, who are all employed well, some at Shanghai, others at Canton, and in Hongkong.\n\n\"The work at the Reformatory was rather hard, having to deal with young ragamuffins. However, in these seven years, the industrial schools at that useful Institution have been successful. A few of those boys first admitted are there still now paid assistants, and useful aids to us in our work. We are rather proud of them. Fourteen are in good situations in Hongkong as carpenters, shoemakers, and tailors. Of the boys who are at present in the Reformatory, not less than 30 are working well and satisfactorily. 68 others have spent a short time in the Reformatory and have gone away without fully acquiring a trade, but we have not heard of any being brought before the Magistrate a second time.\"\n\n\"During the ten years the Italian Convent has been opened, nearly one hundred girls of good family have received a complete education of the best description. Two hundred Chinese destitute children have been saved from death and trained up to be useful girls and women. Upwards of 800 girls over ten years of age have been rescued from misery and fed, clothed, and taught. These girls and infants, but for the Sisters, must have eventually become a charge upon the Colony. About eighty girls have been respectably married.\"\n\nHis Excellency Major General Whitefield, Lieutenant Governor, before distributing the prizes, said: \"I have with me the strongest sense of gratification at learning the highly satisfactory and most cheering results, which have attended the institution of these Establishments,\" and after having encouraged the boys to perseverance in their studies, His Excellency concluded, \"it only now remains for me, in my own name, and I think, I may add, the name of the Community, to thank Father Raimondi and the other Reverend Gentlemen connected with these schools for their untiring zeal and energy in this good work, which has produced such happy results; and equally deserving of our praise and admiration are those pious and good ladies who have retired from the world for the purpose of devoting their whole lives to the welfare and the benefit of the orphans, the widow, the sick, and destitute.\" H.E. distributed the prizes, among which was a golden medal given by himself.\n\nThen \n\nIt would be rather difficult to make up an account of all the expenses incurred during this period by the Roman Catholics to sustain their schools and Charitable Institutions. Not comprising the costs for enlarging both the Convent and the Reformatory, the maintenance only of the Schools and Charitable Establishments were costing not less than $12,000 a year, distributed thus:\n| Institution        | Cost    |\n| ----------------- | ------- |\n| Italian Convent   | $6,000  |\n| Reformatory       | $2,400  |\n| St. Saviour's College | $3,000  |\n| Other Schools     | $600    |\n\nThe Roman Catholics of Hongkong therefore expended from 1866 to 1872 in education $72,000. From the Government, the grant made for the year 1870 was to the Reformatory and to the Convent for the charitable works (not for the school) $1,256, so that during this period, the R. Catholic Mission received from the Government no more than $2,512, which was not even sufficient to cover the expenses for building, which have not been included in the sum.\n\n## FIFTH AND LAST PERIOD\n\nFrom 1872 to 1877.\n\nSir Richard MacDonell thought it convenient to throw open the Central School, which was only for Chinese, to the Europeans, and although the Government had chosen the secular system for it, people of different denominations have been invited to send their children there. In 1866, Sir Richard MacDonell expressed his wishes at the denominational St. Saviour's College, and in 1867 at the Central School. In January 30th, 1872, in his speech on the occasion of the distribution of prizes at the Central School, after having eulogized Mr. Stewart as the square man for the place, he said: \n\n25",
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    {
        "id": 302512,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 35,
        "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "48- \n\nfrayed the first cost of them, maintains, and keeps them. We have built out of our poverty our own schools, provide them with books and appliances, got out teachers from Europe, and pay them. If any help is to be had from the Government, it is only in aid of current expense and does not pay interest on capital.\n\n\"If our denominational schools were put in a position to hold out equal educational advantages to the pupils as do the Government schools, the fact that we give a religious education also, would not prevent Chinese coming to us. So at least the Revd. Mr. Hutchinson testified with reference to the Baxter Schools under his supervision, which are strictly Church of England schools. The same would hold good for us.\n\nHongkong is not only largely supplied with Roman Catholic Schools and Charitable Institutions, but it is also of importance as the only European possession on the Coast of China, and as the centre of all mail and telegraphic communication. This determined us to establish here all the Procurations or agencies for the Missions throughout China.\n\nHongkong is territorially extremely small; but commercially it is one of the most important and valuable of the possessions of the British Crown. From a Roman Catholic point of view, it is the most important for its size of any place out of Europe, and we think that a larger educational development for Catholics ought to be favoured.\"\n\nWith regard to the expenses incurred by the Roman Catholics in carrying on their Educational and Charitable Institutions during this last period, we take the sum of $16,000 a year as certainly less than the real amount, making in five years the sum of $80,000, to which we must add the expenses for enlarging the Convent, for buying the building for St. Joseph's College and for the passage of six Christian Brothers for St. Joseph's and three for the Reformatory, amounting to $20,000, which added to the former, makes a total of $100,000.\n\nThe Government aided them with a grant of $2,400 a year for the orphans in the four Charitable Institutions, making in five years $12,000, to which we have to add $418 as grants-in-aid to St. Saviour's School during the years 1873-74-75, amounting to a total of $12,418.\n\n-49 \n\nHere we stop, having reached the year 1877, in which we are writing.\n\nHongkong, December 1877.\n\nJ. T.",
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    {
        "id": 304580,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-185 - Acting Governor Marsh Governor Hennessy - 1879 [6-12]",
        "page_number": 523,
        "title": "CO129-185 - Acting Governor Marsh Governor Hennessy - 1879 [6-12]",
        "content_text": "## STATEMENT,—Continued.\n\nBrought forward, $12,310.20\n\n## ADDITIONS AND AUGMENTATIONS.\n\n$1,704\n\n## REDUCTIONS.\n\n$65,947.42\n\n## STATEMENT,—Continued.\n\nBrought forward, $521\n\n| Department | Additions and Augmentations | Reductions |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| POSTMASTER GENERAL |  |  |\n| Salaries of Messengers, &c. | 12 |  |\n| Salaries at Japan struck out in anticipation of proposed closing of Offices there |  | 480 |\n| Allowances, Japan |  | 3,240 |\n| Chinese Clerk to Inspector, increments lapsed through dismissal |  | 330 |\n| Refund of Postages. This has usually been paid out of gross |  | 60 |\n| Conveyance of Mails, anticipated increase of share to be paid under Postal Convention | 4,565.22 |  |\n| Rent at Japan | 37,400 |  |\n| Allowances, Hongkong, increase for sorting Newspapers by French as well as by English Mail | 250 |  |\n| Contingent expenses at Japan | 50 |  |\n| Chinese Masters, additional, increments, &c. | 650 |  |\n| Incidental expenses, books, &c., for Inspector of Schools; 2 more Schools expected to be opened | 120 |  |\n| Chinese books | 35 |  |\n| Prizes |  | 100 |\n| Furniture | 50 |  |\n| Laboratory | 300 |  |\n| Revenue |  | 240 |\n| Rent of Schools | 224 |  |\n| Quarters for Assistant Master formerly included in rent of Schools |  | 1,500 |\n| **EDUCATIONAL** |  |  |\n| Grants-in-aid. It is expected that St. Paul's School, St. Joseph's School, the Reformatory and Berlin Foundling will come under the new scheme. Improvement in quality of teaching will also entitle to larger grants. | 1,500 |  |\n| **REGISTRAR GENERAL** |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n| **MEDICAL** |  |  |\n| 2 Scavengers for new Markets at Yau-ma Ti | 240 |  |\n| Inspector of Markets, increase in consequence of promotion through lapse of time to be 1st class Inspector | 132 |  |\n| 6 Indian and 8 Chinese Constables, 2 for Office and 12 for Markets. Hitherto charged to Police | 2,076 |  |\n| Uniforms for do. | 304 |  |\n| 2 Police Constables | 924 |  |\n| Uniforms for do. | 58 |  |\n| Extra salary for new Apothecary with higher qualifications | 98 |  |\n| Extra Nurse | 144 |  |\n| 2 Extra Coolies | 84 |  |\n| Gardener |  |  |\n| **HARBOUR MASTER** |  |  |\n| 1 Coolie at Lock Hospital | 800 |  |\n| Salaries, Warmasters, &c. Lunatic Asylum and Small Pox Hospital | 288 |  |\n| Chair hire, Colonial Surgeon. Voted by Council |  |  |\n| 1 Indian Sergeant Interpreter | 828 |  |\n| 1 Chinese Constable |  |  |\n| 1 European do. |  |  |\n| Sailors' Home. Hitherto charged to Police | 73 |  |\n| Uniforms for do. | 100 |  |\n| Bedding | 100 |  |\n| Surgical Instruments |  |  |\n| Provisions, Civil Hospital | 384 |  |\n| Provisions, Lunatic Asylum and Small Pox Hospital | 2 | 12 |\n| Rent, Civil Hospital. The building was burnt down, Wanchai Rooms and Quarters | 500 |  |\n| Small Pox Hospital, Rent of | 800 | 4,800 |\n| **GUNPOWDER DEPOT** |  |  |\n| 1 Sergeant | 225 |  |\n| 4 Constables. Hitherto charged to Police | 848 |  |\n| Uniforms for do. | 140 |  |\n| **POLICE MAGISTRATES** |  |  |\n| Chinese Teacher | 120 |  |\n| Coroner, Increase | 240 |  |\n| 1 Indian Constable | 186 |  |\n| 1 Chinese do. | 168 | 45 |\n| Uniform for do. |  |  |\n| **LIGHTHOUSES** |  |  |\n| 1 Extra Coolie authorized by C.S.O. No. 1331 of 1878 | 84 |  |\n| **POLICE** |  |  |\n| Chief Inspector, instead of Assistant Superintendent of Police | 480 |  |\n| 10 Acting Sergeants in charge of Stations, difference of pay $30 each | 1,080 |  |\n| 10 European Constables from England, difference between 1st Class, and 2nd and 3rd Class |  | 1,800 |\n| 12 Additional 3rd Class Indian Constables |  | 480 |\n| Increase to two Stamp Clerks recommended on account of importance and responsibility of their offices; also length of service | 864 |  |\n| 8 Do. do. Chinese do. In the place of | 8 |  |\n| 20 Water Police Constables, to be reduced on introduction of Steam Launches |  | 1,680 |\n| 4 1st Class Indian Constables | 744 |  |\n| 4 2nd do. do. | 648 |  |\n| 6 3rd do. do. |  | 900 |\n| Reductions in consequence of Police employed on special duty being charged to Departments employing them |  |  |\n| **JUDICIAL ESTABLISHMENTS** |  |  |\n| 2 1st do. Chinese Constables | 336 |  |\n| 4 2nd do. do. | 528 |  |\n| 6 3rd do. do. | 648 |  |\n| Accountant, Supreme Court | 3,360 |  |\n| Assistant Interpreter. Voted by Council | 1,800 |  |\n| Clerk to Registrar | 480 |  |\n| Chinese Teacher to Mr. HAZELAND | 120 |  |\n| Senior Messenger, increase for length of service | 12 |  |\n| 2 Chinese Constables. Hitherto charged to Police | 264 |  |\n| Uniforms for do. | 34 |  |\n| Attorney General's Messenger, increase for length of service | 12 |  |\n| Fees to Counsel and Solicitors in capital cases | 300 |  |\n| Allowance to drummer | 1.20 |  |\n| 3 Engineers for Steam Launches | 288 |  |\n| 3 Stokers for do. | 72 |  |\n| 3 New Steam Launches | 11,350 |  |\n| Arms and Ammunition--Carbines require rebrowning | 1,500 |  |\n| Coal, Oil, &c. for Steam Launches |  | 780 |\n| Clothing | 8,096 |  |\n|  | $80,384.62 | $19,806 |\n| Carried forward | $85,947.42 |  |",
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    {
        "id": 317130,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-200 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [5]",
        "page_number": 211,
        "title": "CO129-200 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [5]",
        "content_text": "206\n\nwith the old Lock Hospital as a Government Civil Hospital, not one of all the plans proposed for increased Hospital accommodation has been carried out, and the building in use as Lock Hospital, Lunatic Asylum, Small Pox Hospital, Reformatory, Laboratory &c are in a worse state than ever, waiting without repairs till some definite orders are given for their permanent reconstruction.\n\nFrom what I have stated I think you will understand that nothing whatever has been done towards converting the old Lock Hospital into a General Hospital, and all that the money was voted for still remains to be done, both as regards that and all the others above mentioned. The new brick Lock Hospital being the only one of the plans carried out and that, as soon as it was finished, was appropriated to increase the accommodation of the old Lock Hospital, now General Hospital; and so diverted from its original purpose it still remains.\n\nI have &c  \n(August) Ph. B. Chater  \n**Member, Sanitary Board**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-200 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [5].txt",
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    {
        "id": 318479,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-203 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [10]",
        "page_number": 36,
        "title": "CO129-203 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [10]",
        "content_text": "by the Governor's own conduct did not seem to lose much time to report to the Secretary of State that he made delays which had regretted the delays occurred but that the proceedings of the Commission were hardly under the control of the Executive.\n\nNobody wanted this Commission cover appointed. I see no real necessity for this costly project; whilst on the other hand the want of an industrial School, of a Government Reformatory, of an Asylum for Lunatics and of a properly constructed prison with the separate system, a new Civil hospital and other important public works was felt.\n\nNow the only requirement was a new central school, the site for which was bought before Mr. J. Hennessy's arrival. The answer is that he objected to building the new school, as will be seen from his despatch `7 July 1877 (10151)` where he was forced upon my considering attention. I am bound to add that he consecrated all these works so necessary, it is a pity that he did not carry out one of them.\n\nAfter dilating for some time, he says",
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    {
        "id": 328745,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-222 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 4,
        "title": "CO129-222 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "# Mong Hong 1885. Volume M\n\n## Contents\n\n| Date | Reference | Subject |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 July | C.0129/222 | Desertion from Police Force |\n| 6 July | 286 | Request for engagement of eight constables |\n| 10 July | 287 | Military Pension of Maj. Gent Gordon |\n| # | 291 | Mr. Leung-Shik-wan's brace mark for tea |\n| # | 295 | Desertions from the Police Force |\n| # | 297 | Cholera in Hongkong |\n| 14? | 300 | Resumption of Marine Lots for Military purposes |\n| # | 301 | Dr Ayres' complaint re the Building Adinance |\n| 16 # | 302 | Quarantine |\n| # | 304 | Treaty between France & China |\n| 20 # | 310 | Outbreak of cholera |\n| 22 # | 311 | Appointment of R. Best to Land Survey Dept. |\n| 23 # | 314 | Apple of Mr Wise, Police Mag. for exemption from exam in Chinese |\n| 26 # | 326 to Aug | Appt. Lille |\n| 19 # | 331 | Extradition of José Maria Guides |\n| # | 332 | Protection of British Copyright works |\n| # | 333 | Cholera |\n| 26 # | 336 | Use of Michool at West Point as temporary reformatory |\n| \" | 337 | Re-adjustment of Salaries in Post Office |\n| 29 # | 338 | Imperial Guarantee for proposed loan |\n| # | 339 | His return from Japan |\n| # | 340 | His visit to Japan |\n| 1 Sept. | 342 | Charges for registration of trade marks |\n| 15 # | 3448 | Municipal Rating |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-222 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [7-10].txt",
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    {
        "id": 328907,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-222 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 166,
        "title": "CO129-222 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "## General Report of the West Point Reformatory\n\n1. When His Excellency Sir Hercules Robinson granted to the Roman Catholic Mission the site where the present Reformatory stands, His Excellency openly declared that the Government could not give to the Directors of the Establishment any coercive power to keep the boys against their will. Therefore, when the Mission at its own expense erected the building, it did not provide for a strictly speaking Reformatory, but rather for an asylum for boys to prevent them from becoming worse.\n\n2. With five exceptions, all boys ever sent by the Government have ever been sent by the Department for a certain period.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-222 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [7-10].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 331469,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-227 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [6]",
        "page_number": 552,
        "title": "CO129-227 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [6]",
        "content_text": "14. After having carefully considered the subject submitted to them, they beg to report, that the Gaol is at present overcrowded.\n\n15. That as a temporary measure to relieve in part this overcrowding they suggest that,\n\n(a.) Early arrangements be made with the West End Reformatory to receive all the Juvenile Offenders.\n\n(b) That an enquiry be instituted into the cases of the 39 prisoners sentenced for gambling and that such as are not gambling house owners, or keepers, shroffs or watchmen, be forthwith liberated.\n\n(c.) That an enquiry be made into the cases of the 46 men committed in default of finding security and that the least aggravated cases be forthwith liberated.\n\n16. With respect to the future the Commission are of opinion that it is most undesirable in the present state of the finances of the Colony and with such heavy expenditure in view as the Fortifications, completion of Tytam Waterworks, Victoria College, and Sanitary works will entail, to embark on such a large and expensive work as the erection of a New Gaol unless the necessity of it has been fully demonstrated; and the Commission are of opinion that such a step should not be taken until other measures have been tried.\n\n17. Respecting those other measures the Commission are unanimously of opinion that the present system of imprisonment is altogether inadequate as a means of punishment.\n\n18. They would again strongly urge on His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government the facts:-\n\n1. That in Hongkong we are exposed to the depredations and incursions of numbers of the criminal classes of the two Kwang provinces including the large city of Canton.\n\n2. That short terms of imprisonment are no punishment at all for the ordinary Chinese.\n\n3. That some other kind of punishment is urgently required for cases of petty larceny and for the offence of returning from banishment.\n\n19. That they are unanimously of opinion that Solitary confinement by itself would not meet the evils complained of: wherefore they recommend that whipping be allowed as recommended by Mr. Wish, for all cases of petty theft and for returning from banishment.\n\n20. At present the only punishment for returning from banishment is one year's imprisonment and the Committee have good reason for believing that such a punishment is not sufficient and does not prevent many from returning.\n\n21. That the scale of diet be reduced as recommended by the Sub-Committee.\n\n22. That if these suggestions be carried out the Commission are of opinion that the numbers in the Gaol would almost immediately be considerably reduced, as not only would there be a very sensible reduction in the offenders sentenced to short periods of imprisonment, but those of the long sentenced convicts who have not been guilty of any serious crime might receive conditional pardon and be banished.\n\n23. Space would thus be obtained to adapt gradually nearly the whole of the present Gaol to the separate system, which should be carried out as soon as possible.\n\n24. The present Gaol would then be sufficient for all ordinary wants, and the measures which they suggest would give within a very short period the relief so much needed, whereas if the alternative measure viz.: the building of a new Gaol be resolved on it would take at least two or three years to build and in the meantime the present state of things would continue.\n\n25. Moreover the Commission are unanimously of opinion that even if there was ample accommodation in the Gaol the Punishment of whipping should be introduced for the offences above mentioned. They feel very strongly that in presence of the peculiar circumstances existing in Hongkong stringent measures are necessary to meet the exceptional dangers and evils to which the Colony is exposed.\n\n26. The Commission cannot but feel that the taxpayers of Hongkong should not be called upon to provide the prison accommodation required by Western ideas for the criminal population of a province long notorious for turbulence and piracy. The only way to avoid this is by a rigorous system of repatriation and, by the logical sequence of that system, which the Colony has never yet been allowed to carry out, the infliction of whipping for the mere offence of returning from banishment.\n\n27. All attempts at dealing with this question have hitherto been defeated, and the Administration of justice crippled by the hesitation to grant that one indispensable requirement, viz., the power to whip moderately for returning from banishment a criminal who, in his own country would be beaten unmercifully simply as a preliminary to trial. This, with the separate system throughout the existing Gaol, should afford a practical solution of the whole question.\n\n28. Lastly they beg to state that, should any of the above suggestions be carried out and imprisonment made more deterrent either by reduction of the diet or otherwise, they are of opinion that it will be necessary to increase the disciplinary powers of the Superintendent of the Gaol, and they beg to recommend that the powers conferred on the Superintendent of the Gaol by Section 11 of Ordinance 4 of 1863, viz., to punish by moderate corporal punishment not exceeding 12 strokes of a Rattan, any prisoner guilty of the offences in that article mentioned, be restored, in order to maintain discipline under the altered conditions of the Gaol.\n\n29. Since writing the above, the Commission have received information on the Law respecting whipping at Singapore.\n\n30. They note that whipping is allowed there for a great many offences for which they do not ask that it should be applied here; and in presence of the Singapore Legislation on this subject they trust that the restricted recommendation which they have made on this point will be considered most reasonable; and that it will receive from the authorities that consideration which the extent of the evil it is sought to check requires.\n\n(C.S.O. No. 72.)\n\n76\n\nEDW. J. ACKROYD, Chairman.\n\nA. LISTER, Treasurer.\n\nJ. M. PRICE, Surveyor General.\n\nA. GORDON, Superintendent, Victoria Gaol.\n\nE. MACKEAN, Acting Police Magistrate.\n\nPATRIC MANSON, M.D., Justice of the Peace.\n\nC. P. CHATER, Justice of the Peace.\n\n(Enclosure 2.)\n\nSuperintendent of Victoria Gaol to Acting Colonial Secretary.\n\nCOLONIAL SECRETARY,\n\nGAOL SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE,\n\nHONGKONG, 30th March, 1886.\n\nI feel I must again and urgently bring to the notice of Government the congested state of Victoria Gaol.\n\nFor some time past the number of Prisoners has been steadily increasing. To-day there are 674 Prisoners; deducting 7 females in a separate house, there are therefore 667 Prisoners now confined in this building.\n\nI have in my annual Report pointed out the danger to discipline, the danger of moral contamination, and the great provocation and temptation to Prison offences, occasioned by the overcrowding in associated wards of so many Prisoners.\n\nBut now, as the warm weather is coming on, I must draw particular attention to the Sanitary dangers of the present overcrowding.\n\nThe cubic contents of the different cells have recently, at my request, been re-measured by the Surveyor General's Department; but as I have not yet received the measurements I assume the correctness of the old measurement, and beg to draw attention to the following alarming facts.\n\nThe cubic measurement of all the cells combined is reported as 138,948 cubic feet. This with 667 Prisoners distributed in the cells gives only 208 cubic feet per Prisoner.",
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    {
        "id": 331470,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-227 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [6]",
        "page_number": 553,
        "title": "CO129-227 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [6]",
        "content_text": "But 71 of these cells are solitary, crank or separate cells, containing only one Prisoner each. Each of these 71 cells has upwards of 700 cubic feet of space, some of them nearly double, but counting them only at 700 each and supposing each to be occupied, this would leave 596 Prisoners to occupy rooms whose total cubic space amounts to 89,000 cubic feet or less than 150 cubic feet per man.\n\nI feel assured that, when these facts are taken into consideration by Government, they will recognise the necessity of taking steps to obviate the many dangers of such excessive overcrowding.\n\nIt seems to me that either the number of Prisoners must be reduced or additional accommodation must be at once provided.\n\nThere are at present 36 men in Gaol for want of Security, and 21 for gambling: these might perhaps be pardoned, but the relief would be very small, and in my opinion the best plan would be to hire another building, or a bulk where all Prisoners sentenced in default of Security, or generally sentenced to 3 months and under could be detained and breathing space thus given to the Prisoners in Victoria Gaol. This would of course necessitate an increased Prison establishment.\n\nIn short it is very evident that the Gaol accommodation is not nearly equal to the requirements of the Colony and that even if the building of a new Gaol were at once undertaken other steps would have to be adopted in the meantime to reduce the present state of congestion. Were an epidemic to break out in the Gaol in its present congested state the instant removal of probably half the Prisoners would become necessary. It would probably be very difficult to find immediate accommodation for them elsewhere, it would certainly be dangerous to let a large number of criminals suddenly loose on the civil population.\n\nTo some extent the congestion might be saved if Magistrates were authorised to punish certain offences by corporal punishment in lieu of imprisonment.\n\nBut I must submit that I think it becomes my duty to ask Government to fix a limit, beyond which number I shall not be compelled to receive Prisoners in Victoria Gaol.\n\n(In 6.5.0.) No. 80.\n\n(Continuation of Enclosure 2.)\n\nA. GORDON,\n\nSuperintendent,\n\nSuperintendent of Victoria Gaol to Acting Colonial Secretary.\n\nCOLONIAL SECRETARY,\n\nGAOL SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE,\n\nHONGKONG, 6th April, 1886,\n\nIn continuation of my letter, No. 72, of 30th ultimo, I beg to report that I have now received the measurements of the Victoria Gaol cells, recently made, from which it appears that the cubic space of the cells amounts to 203,814 feet, and not 138,948 feet as shewn in previous statistical returns.\n\nThe present state of the Gaol is therefore as follows:-\n\nThere are to-day 736 male Prisoners in Gaol giving an average of 276 cubic feet for each Prisoner.\n\nOf the 190 cells in Gaol 71 are used as solitary, separate and crank cells; these can accommodate only 71 men.\n\n2 are used as W. C. and store rooms and are unoccupied.\n\n25 are used for European Prisoners and can only accommodate 25 men. These 98 cells only holding 96 Prisoners contain 78,053 cubic feet, leaving 640 Prisoners in associated wards with 125,791 cubic feet or an average of 195 cubic feet per Prisoner.\n\nBut it is impossible in accordance with regulations to equally distribute the Prisoners. Prisoners on removal are kept separate from convicted ones; first conviction Prisoners from old offenders, juveniles from grown-up ones. Prisoners with itch have a separate ward, another is set apart for a leprous Prisoner. When therefore the itch or leper cell or juvenile cell containing perhaps 1,200 cubic feet are occupied by only one individual, the available cubic space for other Prisoners becomes correspondingly reduced.\n\nShould the number of Prisoners rise to 800 there would be only an average of 178 cubic feet for each Prisoner in associated wards. Should the number rise to 850 the average would be 166 cubic feet.\n\nA. GORDON,\n\nSuperintendent.\n\nNo. 474.\n\nSIR,\n\n(A. in Enclosure 2.) Acting Colonial Secretary to Surveyor General,\n\nCOLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,\n\nHONGKONG, 1st April, 1886.\n\nI am directed by the Officer Administering the Government to invite you to act as Chairman of a Board consisting of the Superintendent of the Gaol, the Honourable WM. KESWICK, and yourself for the purpose of reporting on the feasibility of establishing a temporary prison, pending the erection of the proposed new Gaol.\n\nI am to add that His Excellency will be glad to have the opinion of the Board on the cost of a temporary prison, and on any other matter connected therewith, which the Board may consider necessary to include in their report.\n\nThe Honourable J. M. PRICE.\n\nSurveyor General.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\nFREDERICK STEWART,\n\nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\n(B. in Enclosure 2.)\n\nREPORT.\n\nHONGKONG, 7th April, 1886.\n\n1. The Board constituted under the Honourable Colonial Secretary's letter, No. 474, of the 1st instant, have duly met at Victoria Gaol and taken into consideration the statistics supplied by the Superintendent.\n\nFrom these statistics it appears that while there are as many as 640 prisoners in the associated cells, the aggregate space of the latter does not amount to more than 125,791 cubic feet or an average of 195 cubic feet per prisoner.\n\n2. On the other hand however, it must be mentioned that in nearly all the cells there are open windows and cross ventilation.\n\n3. Considering the necessary delay which must take place in dealing with the large and important question of extra prison accommodation in connexion with the punishment of crime, the Board are of opinion that pending a settlement of this question the first efforts of Government should be directed to reducing, as far as possible, the number of those inmates of the Gaol that do not belong, properly speaking, to the criminal classes.\n\n4. It was found from the statement of the Superintendent that there were on the 6th instant 16 prisoners for want of finding surety, 39 prisoners for gambling and 12 prisoners for breaches of the Opium Ordinance.\n\n5. Of the first 46 it is not impossible that a large proportion may be men against whose characters nothing can be found, while as to the 39 gamblers it is the opinion of the Board that whatever may be the evils from gambling, they cannot constitute as grave a danger as that which attends the overcrowding of the Gaol.\n\nIn respect of the prisoners for breaches of the Opium Ordinance, the Board are aware that it is necessary to assist the Opium Farmer in the protection of his rights, but they consider it might be possible to award other punishments besides imprisonment for infractions of the monopoly.\n\n6. The Board consider therefore that in the present overcrowded condition of the Gaol, it would be desirable to liberate without any delay as many as possible of these three classes of prisoners and that it would be desirable to recommend the Magistrates to refrain, except in the case of known bad characters, from committing persons to prison merely for want of security, also it might be indicated to the Magistrates to punish infractions of the Opium Ordinance by fine, in lieu of by imprisonment, while to the Police, instructions might be given to mitigate, for a time, the severity of their raids on gamblers.\n\n7. The Board further recommend that early arrangements should be made for the permanent transfer of the youthful prisoners in the Gaol to the Reformatory at West Point, and they are also of opinion that imprisonment for debt now abolished in every part of the British Empire except Hongkong, should receive the attention of the Government on various grounds, the least of which would be that it would empty the Debtors' Ward at the Gaol and render the space available for another class of prisoners.",
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    {
        "id": 333338,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 160,
        "title": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "efficient deterrent and reformatory Gaol discipline can be established on a firm basis.\n\nAs the building of a new Gaol seems unlikely to be undertaken for some time, I can only repeat my suggestion of last year that short sentence prisoners, that is, men sentenced to 6 months and under, should be removed to some other building, or perhaps to a hulk; this would leave space enough in Victoria Gaol to accommodate long sentence prisoners on the separate system, and also give more space for industrial work.\n\n34. I would also repeat my suggestion that habitual criminals and others who have earned remission of sentence should be placed by legislative enactment (as in England) under Police supervision, so that, if found returning to a criminal career, they might at once be sent back by the Magistrates to prison.\n\n35. While the Gaol is as now so greatly overcrowded, I think the Government might take into consideration the case of the large number of prisoners mostly belonging to the criminal classes who are confined for want of finding security for good behaviour. I am not allowed to make these men work. They are well fed and live comfortably in associated idleness. I brought this subject to notice in paragraph 21 of my Report for 1885. I am sorry to say, I believe many of these men rather like their sentence and will not find security even when able to do so. And it seems an incongruity that while honest destitutes who are provided with food and lodging in Gaol are compelled to do a daily task of work, the criminal security men are freed from the obligation of performing any labour whatever beyond cleaning their own cells. 479 men were imprisoned during the year for want of finding security.\n\n36. The overcrowding of the Gaol might also be to some extent reduced, if other punishment than imprisonment could be found for the persons now imprisoned for gambling. 399 men have been committed to prison for this offence during the year. The great majority of these men do not belong to the criminal classes. They are mostly hard-working men, rice pounders, and coal porters. They overcrowd the Gaol; they are neither deterred from gambling by imprisonment nor are they improved. It is too much to be feared that many of them are deteriorated and corrupted by compulsory and constant association with the criminal classes they meet in Gaol.\n\n(B.)\n\nMONTH\n1884\n1885\n1886\n\nJanuary, February, March,\n22\n14\n\nApril, May, June,\n28\n16\n18\n\nJuly,\n18\n15\n\nAugust,\n23\n23\n\nSeptember, October, November,\n29\n32\n\nDecember,\n6\n29\n\nTotal,\n204\n\nDaily average number in Prison,\n552\n530\n674\n\n(C.)\n\nMONTH\n1884\n1885\n1886\n\nJanuary,\n\nFebruary,\n\nMarch,\n\nApril,\n\nMay,\n\nJune,\n\nJuly,\n\nAugust,\n\nSeptember,\n\nOctober,\n\nNovember,\n\nDecember,\n\nTotal,\n195\n270\n\nDaily average number in Prison,\n552\n530\n674\n\nA. GORDON,\n\nSuperintendent.\n\n(A.) VICTORIA GAOL.\n\nMONTH\n1884\n1885\n1886\n\nJanuary,\n65\n74\n76\n\nFebruary,\n78\n28\n16\n\nMarch,\n82\n14\n\nApril,\n52\n133\n11\n\nMay,\n106\n7\n\nJune,\n60\n61\n15\n\nJuly,\n52\n9\n\nAugust,\n69\n47\n11\n\nSeptember,\n82\n17\n\nOctober,\n31\n50\n23\n\nNovember,\n17\n23\n17\n\nDecember,\n41\n15\n21\n\nTotal,\n719\n709\n212\n\nDaily average number in Prison,\n552\n530\n674\n\nA. GORDON,\n\nSuperintendent.\n\n(D.)\n\nCONVICTION\n1885\n1886\n\n1st,\n32\n44\n\n2nd,\n24\n23\n\n3rd,\n31\n\n4th,\n70\n362\n\n5th,\n77\n289\n\n6th,\n72\n344\n\n7th,\n50\n254\n\n8th,\n64\n174\n\n9th,\n35\n148\n\n10th,\n43\n162\n\n11th,\n\n93\n\n12th,\n\nTotal,\n529\n2,132\n\nA. GORDON,\n\nSuperintendent.\n\nTOTAL............14) 578\n\n612\n\nA. GORDON,\n\nSuperintendent.\n\n158",
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        "id": 337270,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-238 - Governor Des Voeus - 1888 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 301,
        "title": "CO129-238 - Governor Des Voeus - 1888 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "299 \n\n2. It is satisfactory to note that increased strictness in discipline and reduction in diet are making the Gaol a less acceptable refuge for habitual criminals than it has hitherto been regarded by them.\n\nThe Superintendent is of the opinion that, though much still remains to be done, he will not be able to establish \"a really satisfactory deterrent and reformatory prison discipline, until the separate system is introduced.\"\n\n4. This is a point on which there can be no doubt; but I am in hopes that, by constant watchfulness and the employment of deterrent punishments, such a reduction may be made in the numbers as to render unnecessary, for some years, the necessity of building a new and expensive Gaol.\n\n5. This is a subject which I will address Your Lordship later, when I have been able to dispose of some very important and more pressing questions which are at present occupying...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-238 - Governor Des Voeus - 1888 [7-8].txt",
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    {
        "id": 347211,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]",
        "page_number": 227,
        "title": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]",
        "content_text": "# Jonly \n\nas being required for increasing the punishment as a deterrent. But there is a great deal in the associated system, as observed by the Superintendents of the Gaol, that is demoralising. The good and bad, or I ought to say the hardened and less hardened, are shut up together, and the members of the Triad Society have the opportunity of instilling their principles into those who are shut up with them. The evils of the associated system are two; not only that it is not as deterrent as the solitary system, which has been disputed, but that it has a demoralising effect. I think that is an important feature which has been very much overlooked in the discussion of this matter. I should just like to bring to notice the unanimity of opinion in all the reports of the Superintendents of the Gaol in this matter. One report says:\n\n\"Long experience at home has proved that, to make prison punishment deterrent and reformatory, it is essential that prisoners should be kept in separate confinement. The established principle is that prisoners on conviction should for a fixed period be kept in separate confinement. This penal stage lasts in England for nine months. In the second stage, convicts are employed at labour in association, but sleep and have their meals in separate cells. It is quite impossible to carry out such a system in Victoria Gaol with the very limited and unsuitable accommodation of the buildings, and I believe it has never been even approximately attempted; confinement in separate cells having in past times been chiefly used for punishment. The limited space of the gaol tells very hardly on industrial labour. Mat making and basket making, carpentering, and even most of the oakum picking have to be carried out in narrow and limited verandahs. There is only space for a single loom of coir mat making and a single loom of grass mat making; tailoring is carried out in a dark hall, shoemaking is carried out in an ordinary cell. In fact, there is no suitable workshop in the gaol, no space for one, except for the single industry of washing clothes. Were the prison provided with suitable workshops, it would be easy to discharge every long sentence prisoner a trained and skilled workman at a remunerative trade, and there would be every hope that a large percentage of convicts would by these means be reclaimed from a life of crime. In short, the Victoria Gaol is unsuited to the demands of modern civilization, or even humanity; for it seems hardly humane to fail in adopting those measures which experience has shown operate as deterrents to criminals and as encouragements to reform of life; it seems hardly humane to continue a prison system in which the enforced association of criminals is well known as tending to make the better class bad and the bad worse.\"\n\nIt is much to be feared that many are deteriorated and corrupted by continued and compulsory association with the criminal class they meet in gaol. Then in another report:-\n\n\"As regards prison buildings, I think I need hardly add a word to my previous report. I despair of establishing a really satisfactory deterrent and reformatory prison discipline until the separate system is introduced.\"\n\nHaving read several other long extracts from the annual gaol reports in which the evils of the associated system were remarked upon, His Excellency proceeded:- I think that is sufficient to show the opinion expressed in all the reports of the Superintendents of the Gaol, both as regards the necessity for more space generally and the necessity for doing away with the evils of the associated system as well as the necessity of adopting the deterrent effect of the separate system. It has been stated that we have had too many prisoners in the gaol, that the great object of the Colony should be to reduce the number of prisoners instead of increasing the gaol accommodation. Well, that has been tried for several years and it is only in view of that and in the hope of its effectiveness that successive Secretaries of State have authorised the putting off of the building of a new gaol. A few years ago, it was urged that if the punishment of flogging was extended and deportation increased, we would greatly reduce the number of prisoners. That has been done. But those systems have been adopted and the result has been that, whereas the population has increased from some 170,000 to 210,000 or 230,000 during the last ten years, on the other hand, the average number of prisoners has been considerably diminished; but after all, the number has only been diminished to the average of about 500. The present gaol, even if great expense were gone to in its alteration, could only accommodate about 320 on the separate system. The number of prisoners is now as low as it probably ever will be, and you require accommodation for 200 more. The Committee recommended the provision of accommodation on the present site, with the result we see. The Secretary of State, having considered all that has been said on both sides, has finally decided that the building of a new gaol is absolutely necessary and cannot be put off any longer. Therefore, as I have already stated, the Government cannot withdraw from this. They have only put down the sum of $10,000, which will probably be required to be spent on the preparation of the site whenever that site is selected. But whatever site is selected, none of this money will be spent until the Public Works Committee have had the opportunity of discussing it. It has just been suggested that it would be desirable that a complete statement showing the opposite side to that demanded by the Secretary of State should be prepared and submitted to him. I have not seen any such statement yet. If a statement confuting all I have read out just now is prepared, I have no doubt the new Governor will be quite prepared to submit it to the Secretary of State. In the meantime, the Government can only require that the vote be passed.\n\nA division was then taken, with the result that of four unofficial members present, all voted for the amendment, and all the officials against it.\n\nThe amendment was therefore lost.\n\nPage 226",
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        "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "# MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nlevel of the other Government Schools which remained, as purely elementary Chinese Schools, to act as feeders to the Central School as they had formerly supplied scholars for St. Paul's College. Children of residents were to be admitted into the Central School free of charge, outsiders only were to pay fees. All newly appointed teachers of the Central School were to constitute a definite lower class, and promotion to a higher grade of rank and pay was to be exclusively the reward of merit. All communications between the staff and the Board were to pass through the hands of the Headmaster who was to frame rules for the conduct of the teachers. In accordance with this last Regulation, Dr. Stewart, at the request of the Board, drafted Regulations for the better administration of the Government Schools (outside the Central School), which were amended by the Board on 17th November, 1862, and published in Chinese translation. These Regulations fixed the school-hours in the outside Schools at 7½ hours a day, with 4 hours for the study of the Bible on Sundays when desired by the parents of at least six scholars. Loud bawling at Chinese reading was (to the astonishment of the Chinese) forbidden.\n\nIn their report for the year 1862, the Board state that, by the absorption of 4 Schools in the formation of the Central School, the number of Schools under their superintendence was reduced to 16, showing an enrolment of 889 scholars among whom there were 34 girls. The report points out the low moral principle and careless indolence of most of the native School-masters and the difficulty Dr. Stewart had, in the absence of an English Assistant-Master, to give the Schools an effective superintendence. For this reason the Board resolved to discontinue for the present the Schools at Saiwan, Shankiwan, Shekó and Little Hongkong and to hand over the school-houses in those places to the respective village communities to continue the Schools under their own direction (with the aid, later on, of a small monthly grant from the Government) as Aided Schools.\n\n1863. Mr. Fryer having left for Shanghai, St. Paul's College School, with an attendance of 42 boys, was, during the year 1863, under the tuition of Mr. S. A. Reeve, who reported that he had adopted the monitorial system. The cost of the School was $2,400. The Diocesan Native Training School, under Miss Eaton, which, in autumn 1863, was moved into the newly-erected building on Bonham Road, had an attendance of 31 girls (all boarders) and cost $3,000. Miss Magrath's School, in Mosque Gardens, was attended by 22 children (of whom 17 were girls), cost $1,380. Miss Baxter's Schools included, this year, four separate institutions, viz., a Eurasian Boarding School in Mosque Terrace and another Eurasian Boarding School in Staunton Street, (the European staff of these Schools consisting of Mrs. Talbot and Miss de la Cour, and the boarders including 15 boys and 33 girls), a Chinese Boarding School in José's Lane (Chung-wan) under a Chinese matron with 20 girls, and a Chinese Day School in William Street (Wantsai) under a Chinese teacher and attended by 23 children (16 of whom were girls). The latter two Schools cost Miss Baxter $1,050, but the expenses of the Boarding Schools in Staunton Street and Mosque Terrace are not recorded. The London Missionary Society conducted, in the year 1863, three Schools, viz. a Chinese Mixed School, taught by Mrs. Kwan Tai-shi and attended by 6 boys and 4 girls, costing $84, a Boys School in Taipingshan where Mr. Ho Yuk-ts'ün taught 30 Chinese boys at a cost of $240 and another Boys School at Wantsai with 25 boys under Mr. Leung Cho-tong, costing $144. The Berlin Foundling House School, under Miss Heidsiek and a Chinese teacher, now numbered 11 girls under instruction.\n\nComing now to the Roman Catholic Schools of the year 1863, we find Mr. Rowland, assisted by Mr. T. Terry, conducted an English Boys School, attended by 32 boys, at a cost (to the Propagation Society) of $720, and a Portuguese School (reported as under Mr. Rowland's tuition) of 20 boys, at a cost of $192, whilst Mr. V. Pereira taught another Portuguese School, attended by 30 boys, at an expense of $720 and Mr. Chung Bin-lan a Chinese School of 30 boys at a cost of $144. The foregoing 4 Schools were all located in Wellington Street. The same Society continued also its School in Spring Gardens, attended by 48 boys under Mr. Yung Tim, costing $206, and the Aberdeen School in which 20 Chinese boys were under instruction at a cost of $144. The Seminary in Pottinger Street is again reported as under the tuition of Fathers T. Raimondi, G. Favini and G. Origo and numbering 10 students, the expenses being $600. The French Ecclesiastical School at Sookonpoo was under the tuition of Père J. Jaquemin, and attended by 22 students (expenses not recorded). A new School was opened during this year under the name 'Westpoint Chinese Day School,' under the tuition of Mr. Cha Hin. It was attended by 32 Chinese boys and cost $144. This was probably the germ from which later on the Westpoint Reformatory sprang up.\n\nNo School is reported, for the year 1863, as under the direction of the French Sisters, who would seem to have closed their two Chinese Day Schools. But the Italian Sisters continued their three Girls Schools in Caine Road for English, Portuguese and Chinese children, having altogether 120 girls under instruction, at an expense of $3,000. They continued also their Chinese School at Spring Gardens but transformed it into an Orphanage, where they had 30 girls under instruction, at a cost of $720.\n\nThe Board of Education in charge of the Government Schools consisted, at the beginning of the year 1863, of the Hon. (subsequently Sir) John Smale, the Hon. W. H. Rennie, Mr. J. J. Mackenzie, Rev. Dr. Legge, Dr. Kane and Mr. J. C. Power (Secretary)—all staunch secularists. Scripture portions (in Chinese only) continued to be used as school-books both in the Central School and in the outside Schools. At the beginning of the year the Board had a little squabble with the Colonial Secretary. They had sent in a notice of reprimand of the Master of the Aided School at Sheko for publication in the Chinese issue of the Government Gazette, and the Colonial Secretary had exercised his discretion in excluding the notice from publication. Thereupon the Board coolly informed the Colonial Secretary that they had unanimously resolved that, so long as the privilege of inserting notices in the Chinese Gazette is conceded to the Board, the Board alone are responsible for the effect produced by them. No doubt Dr. Stewart, who had quite lately (16th December, 1862) been authorized by the Government to sign all vouchers of educational expenditure as Head of the Education Department, as well as others, foresaw already that the Board of Education would not be of long duration.\n\nThe point which Mr. Mackenzie's Memorandum had left unsettled, viz. the standard test to be fixed for admission to the two branches of the Central School, was settled by a minute which Dr. Legge prepared and which the Board approved on 17th February, 1863. In this Minute primary instruction is defined to mean instruction in the **千字文** and **幼學詩**. Boys were to pass a viva voce examination in those books before they could be admitted into the Central School. As to those boys in the Central School, who had not yet passed into the English division, they were to study the **中庸** and **論語**, and only by passing a viva voce examination in these books could they enter the English division of the School. The boys in the English division were to study the **五經**, **古文文章** and **史記**. The Chinese examinations should be conducted by a Committee consisting of the Chinese teachers of the highest gradation, under the superintendence of the Headmaster.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "# MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nIt is often supposed to be the absolute indifference of the Chinese to education. The Chinese have no education in the real sense of the word.' The Chinese who have flocked to Hongkong have left behind them their traditional regard for education.' 'Before any real good can be effected, the Chinese must have learnt to appreciate the value of education and of their own education such as it is.' On these doubtful grounds Dr. Stewart seriously recommended the introduction into the Colony of an Education Tax and Compulsory Attendance,' adding that nothing short of this will meet the existing evil.\n\n## 1866\nThe extent to which the Roman Catholic Missions, without any Government Grant, had of late been outstripping the educational efforts of their Protestant competitors, continued to make itself conspicuous in the year 1866. St. Paul's College lost the services of Mr. Reeve on the first, and the annual Foreign Office Grant of $1,200 on the last, day of this year. The School was, however, continued, under Acting Masters, with 33 boys in average attendance and an expense of $2,445. In the Blue Book report for the year it is stated that 'the College is exclusively for Chinese.' The Diocesan School now consisted of the remaining fragments of Miss Baxter's Schools gathered there by Miss Oxlad and Miss Randel, who had 34 girls under their joint instruction at a cost of $3,572. The London Mission continued their two Day Schools at Taipingshan and Wantsai with an aggregate of 70 Chinese boys at a cost of $150. At the Berlin Foundling House 22 Chinese girls were under the tuition of Miss Süss, assisted by a Chinese teacher. But these are all the Protestant Schools known to have been in operation in the year 1866.\n\nAs to Roman Catholic Schools, there was in the first instance St. Saviour's College with 101 boys under the tuition of Messrs. T. Terry, V. Pereira, M. Baptista, C. Wagner, A. Seth, and A. Souza. The expenses amounted to $2,400. On 20th and 21st December, 1866, public examinations were held in Spanish, French, English, and Chinese, and at the public prize-giving the Governor, Sir R. G. MacDonnell stated that to the Roman Catholic Missionaries chiefly do we owe any earnest efforts to provide an adequate body of future interpreters of European parentage.' At the Pattinger Street Seminary (located in the same building as St. Saviour's College) Fathers B. Vigano and G. Favini had 9 students under instruction, costing $600. The Sockonpoo Seminary under Père Jacquemin was attended by 18 students (cost not stated). The Westpoint Reformatory had 53 boys in its Industrial Schools under the tuition of Messrs. S. Chu, T. Rin, Lui Foo, Tai Loo, and Si Chan, the cost of the institution being $1,440. The Propaganda Society had a School with 38 Chinese boys in Wellington Street, under Mr. Lee, costing $300, and another School with 35 Chinese boys under the tuition of Mr. Leang at Spring Gardens, costing $144. The Italian Convent continued its three Schools in Caine Road under the tuition of Sisters E. Bowring, A. Paltronieu, and G. Maczato, who had 23 girls in the English division, 60 girls in the Portuguese, and 32 girls in the Chinese division. The expenses amounted to $2,400. The Italian Sisters further had a Girls School at work in Spring Gardens, with 32 girls, under the tuition of Sister L. Pam, at a cost of $96. In the Day School of the Asile de la Sainte Enfance there were, under Sister M. Lucien, 18 boys and 70 girls under instruction, costing $1,680.\n\nIn his report on the Government Schools for the year 1866, Dr. Stewart reports an average attendance of 208 scholars in Central School and 246 scholars in the twelve outside Schools (the maximum attendance being 222 in Central School and only 350 in the outside Schools). This result, compared with that of former years, seems to indicate general unpopularity of the methods adopted in these Schools. Experience has amply proved that Chinese parents are by no means slow in sending their boys to school if they are satisfied with the school's efficiency and discipline. Dr. Stewart, however, was satisfied with these results and reported favourably on the Schools. The payment of fees in Central School has not proved the slightest drawback to the School.' The outside Schools charged no fees at all. Still children would not come to these Schools. We feel sure that the semi-foreign methods still insisted on were to blame. Later on, when these methods were allowed to fall in abeyance, the attendance increased. Dr. Stewart states that his project of training Chinese Assistant-Teachers—a problem still utterly unsolved in Hongkong—has all but failed. A double change was introduced in the Central School by the orders of Sir R. G. MacDonnell: the School, which had hitherto been exclusively for Chinese boys, was thrown open for boys of all nationalities (a very reasonable measure), and science classes, including experimental chemistry, were ordered (for boys who did not understand English enough to follow an ordinary English conversation). Dr. Stewart, naturally, did not expect good results from the latter measure.\n\n## 1867\nThe educational statistics of Protestant and Catholic Mission Schools for the year 1867 are missing. But it is recorded elsewhere, by a Catholic author, that 'the Schools under the direction of Protestant Missionaries (in the year 1867) were prospering, with the exception of St. Paul's College, which came to grief for having lost its funds (by the failure of Dent & Co.). The Catholic Schools appear to have continued their progressive development in the year 1867, as is evidenced, so far as St. Saviour's College is concerned, by the favourable comments made by Sir R. G. MacDonnell on the occasion of prize-giving day (23rd December, 1867).\n\nIn his report on the Government Schools for 1867, Dr. Stewart recorded 198 scholars in average attendance at Central School and 310 scholars in the twelve outside Schools, which constitutes a further decrease on the results of the previous year. Dr. Stewart himself regrets that he cannot report much progress as to the Village Schools, despairs also of training proper Masters for those Schools without a separate training department (a measure still needed), and deplores the large proportion of children (10,800) remaining uneducated in Hongkong out of 19,349 under 10 years of age, but he notes an increasing interest now felt (by the Chinese) in female education,' and reports on the whole favourably on the Central School regarding which he speaks of an increasingly apparent popularity.\n\n## 1868\nSt. Paul's College, having been temporarily closed in 1867, was re-opened by Bishop Alford, in the year 1868, as a School for European boys only, 20 of whom were placed under the tuition of the Rev. J. Kyle. The expenses of the School, amounting to $3,343, were met partly by the Church Missionary Society, which provided the salary of the tutor and partly by an advance of $1,203 which the Bishop made out of the Diocesan fund. The Diocesan School, under the charge of Miss Oxlad (whose salary was provided by the Female Education Society for the purpose of the Baxter Schools) had 12 girls as boarders at a cost of $1,700. Miss Oxlad re-opened this year a Baxter Vernacular Girls Day School, with 14 girls under 2 Chinese teachers, the expenses ($384) being provided by the late Miss Baxter's family. The London Mission now added to its two Boys Schools at Taipingshan and Wantsai (with 72 boys, costing $500) a Girls School with 13 children under the tuition of Mrs. Amui (in Aberdeen Street). In the Berlin Foundling House 21 girls were under the tuition of Miss Süss and a Chinese teacher. The Boarding School of Miss Magrath, which, though not recorded for several years past, had all along been at work without interruption, was, in 1868, attended by 15 girls and 3 boys, at a cost of $750...",
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        "content_text": "## MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nThe system of Grants-in-Aid in these Schools is slowly advancing. The future proved that this observation was based on a delusion, as Dr. Stewart himself was not slow in finding fault.\n\n1870. The ebb-tide of the Protestant educational movement of the Colony continued throughout the year 1870, and indeed for nearly two years after. There were 20 boys and 9 girls under tuition at the Diocesan Home and Orphanage under the charge of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur, the expenses of the institution amounting to $3,750. In forwarding to the Government the statistics of this School, Bishop Alford added the curious remark that previous to the absorption of the pupils of St. Paul's College, this School was called the Diocesan Female School. Miss Riekomartz continued to teach 15 Chinese girls in the Baxter Vernacular Day School, which cost the Baxter family $450. The London Mission, having closed their Girls School, continued their two Chinese Boys Schools, attended by 25 boys in Taipingshan and 35 boys in Wautsai. At the Berlin Foundling House, Miss Siss had 24 Chinese girls under her tuition.\n\nAmong the Roman Catholic Schools of the year 1870, St. Saviour's College continues in the front rank. There were 114 boys under the tuition of Messrs. T. Terry, V. Pereira, P. Senna, Sam Mat-chi, Chuu Fat-chi, and Father T. Mourn, and cost the Propaganda Society $2,112. At the Reformatory, under the direction of Father Burghignoli, 56 boys received an industrial education at the cost of $1,860. The two Seminaries also continued in working order. At the Propaganda Institution there were 12 students under the tuition of Father Hugo costing $660, whilst 16 students were under Père Lauesigne at the French Institution on Caroline Hill (Sookonpoo). The Propaganda Society's Chinese School at Spring Gardens, under Mr. T. Leang, was attended by 87 Chinese boys, costing $144. The Sisters of the Italian Convent had 120 girls under tuition in their three Schools (English, Portuguese and Chinese) in Caine Road, costing $3,600, and in their Spring Gardens School they had 20 Chinese girls, costing $120. The Sisters of the Asile de la St. Enfance continued their two Schools, one under Sister S. Mary who gave instruction to 10 boys and 82 girls, whilst in the other School Sister Marie Theresa taught 4 boys and 61 girls.\n\nThe Government Schools increased very considerably during the year 1870. At the Central School there were only 225 scholars in average attendance, costing the Government $31.24 (or $26.19 per enrolment) for each scholar, but at the Village Schools (now 23 in number) there were 548 scholars in average attendance, costing the Government $3.81 per scholar. Another notable mark of progress is found in the fact that 11 girls were included among the scholars of the outside Schools. At the Central School the elements of music were taught during the year 1870 as an experiment which, unfortunately, was not continued in subsequent years. Dr. Stewart reports favourably on the English department of the Central School, but states with reference to his management of the Chinese department that \"a good deal of latent opposition has to be encountered in the teaching of Chinese in the School,\" a complaint which naturally has perpetuated itself to the present day and must continue so long as Chinese is not taught according to Chinese principles. At the same time Dr. Stewart has now discovered one good trait in the Chinese character: the extreme docility of Chinese boys, which makes 'a school of Chinese boys a disciplinarian's paradise.' As to the Village Schools, Dr. Stewart already finds now that his hopes as to the applicability of the Grant-in-Aid system to Village Schools are a long way from their realization and that \"the villagers use the system to plunder the Government and to squeeze the Masters.\" In the same Report, Dr. Stewart makes a suggestion which unfortunately has never been adopted though often since urged upon the Government. He stated that, in spite of the facilities offered by the Roman Catholic Schools, \"the greatest educational want in Hongkong is that of a School or Schools for European and American children,\" (a want still unsupplied in 1891), and that \"the Government might fairly charge itself with providing the expenses of the site and the building, whereupon the fees would go far to make the School self-supporting.\"\n\n1871.\n\nFinally, there were 20 Chinese girls under the tuition of Miss Siss at the Berlin Foundling House. But these were all the Protestant Schools of Hongkong.\n\nWith the year 1871 the Protestant Schools reached at last the nadir of their decline, after the passing of which they rapidly increased and soon outstripped both the Catholic and the Government Schools. The census of 5th May, 1871, proved the existence in the Colony of 74 Schools with 2,706 scholars, of whom 245 were of British or Foreign extraction (149 boys and 96 girls), the remaining 2,461 scholars being Chinese (2,091 boys and 380 girls). The subjoined statistics, compared with the census returns, will further show that there were in 1871 at work in Hongkong 31 private Chinese Schools with 684 scholars (650 boys and 34 girls), 26 Government Schools with 1,293 scholars (1,201 boys and 92 girls), 13 Roman Catholic Schools with 612 scholars (293 boys and 319 girls), and 4 Protestant Schools with 117 scholars (56 boys and 61 girls).\n\nAs to Protestant Schools, there was in the first instance the Diocesan School, now (as ever since) under the management of a Committee of which the Bishop (and in his absence the Colonial Chaplain) was chairman. There were 18 boys and 11 girls under the tuition of Mr. and Mrs. W. M. B. Arthur and a Chinese teacher, the expenses being $4,000. There were further the two London Mission Schools at Taipingshan (the best permanent of all Protestant Schools, for they exist to the present day ever since 1868, forming thus quite an exception to the rule), with an aggregate of 68 Chinese boys and costing $500. And there were finally 20 Chinese girls under the tuition of Miss Siss at the Berlin Foundling House.\n\nAt St. Saviour's College, the R. C. Propaganda Society had 142 scholars, under the tuition of Messrs. J. Terry, V. Pereira, M. Baptista, R. Pinto, Chun Tat-chi, and Sam Mat-chi, at a cost of $2,301.\n\nAt the Italian Convent 60 European and 110 Chinese girls were under instruction in the usual three divisions (English, Portuguese and Chinese). The cost is not stated. But there must have been at this time some dissatisfaction felt among the Portuguese community as regards the methods of both St. Saviour's College and the Italian Convent, as four separate private Schools, designed for Portuguese children, were started at the beginning of the year 1871. Mr. T. Crosby opened, in Pullinger Street, an English School for Portuguese attended by 16 boys, at a cost of $840. Mr. J. M. da Silva e Souza conducted an English and Portuguese School attended by 20 boys. Mrs. Ferraz, in a separate Portuguese Girls School, had 13 girls, and Mrs. Baramta had, in another School, 14 girls under instruction. At the Westpoint Reformatory, under the direction of Father Burghignoli, 54 boys received an industrial education at a cost of $2,400. The French Mission removed their Ecclesiastical School from Sookoonpoo to Canton, but the Propaganda Society continued their Seminary at Pottinger Street, where 11 students were under the instruction of Father Longo. The same Society continued also its Chinese School at Spring Gardens, under Mr. T. Leang, attended by 38 boys. In the same neighbourhood the Italian Sisters continued their Girls School where Sister Matilda had 20 girls under instruction. At the Asile de la St. Enfance 12 boys and 78 girls were under the tuition of Sister S. Mary, but the other School of the French Sisters appears to have been closed.",
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        "content_text": "# MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nThe Government Schools increased, during the year 1871, in number but not in attendances. At the Central School 234 boys, costing $20.19 per head, were in average attendance, whilst 25 Village Schools (which term, in Dr. Stewart's time, always included also the Schools in town outside Central School) had only 259 scholars, costing $3.84, in average attendance. Accordingly Dr. Stewart urges once more the introduction of a compulsory education law. For the Central School, moreover, he asked for an entirely new building, but it took nearly 20 years before this reasonable wish was fulfilled. Nearly all the nationalities in the Colony were by this time represented in the Central School which, small as it then was, constituted a perfect model of an Anglo-Chinese School in its organization, methods, and discipline. Mathematical drawing had been added in this year to the extra subjects of the School.\n\n## 1872\nAs regards the Protestant Schools, there was, in the year 1872, a slight sign of reviving educational energy, as a School (which has endured to the present day) was started by a new agency. The Basel Mission, in the person of the Rev. J. O. Loercher, established an admirably organized School, at a cost of $1200 only, with 62 Hakka girls under 3 Chinese teachers (50 of the girls being boarders). The Diocesan School under Mr. and Mrs. Arthur continued its work with 16 boys and 1 girl (all boarders), at a cost of $4500. The London Mission had 30 Chinese boys under instruction at Taipingshan and 40 Chinese boys at Wanchai. Each of these two Schools cost $806. At the Berlin Mission, Miss F. Schroeder, with the assistance of a Chinese teacher, had 18 Chinese girls under instruction. The first Sunday School, on record, was opened at Union Church by Dr. Legge, where 18 boys and 20 girls, all non-Chinese and mostly English, received weekly instruction.\n\nAmong the Roman Catholic Schools, St. Saviour's College maintained its ground with an improved staff (Messrs. J. Terry, J. Hanlon, J. M. S. Souza, J. Baptists, R. Pinto, Sam Mat-chi, J. McDonald, and Chun Tar-nhi), there being 146 boys under instruction at a cost of $3,660. The Industrial Schools of the Westpoint Reformatory, under the direction of Father Burghignoli, were attended by 55 boys and cost $3,000. Three private Portuguese Schools were continued during this year, Mr. M. Callado having 20 boys under instruction, Mrs. J. Ferraz 10 girls, and Mrs. M. Remedios also 10 girls. At the Italian Convent, there were Infant Schools in operation of which there are, however, no statistics available. In the three Girls' Schools, the Italian Sisters had 175 girls under instruction and, moreover, they now added a Boys School attended by 25 boys (under 10 years). At Spring Gardens, the Italian Sisters continued their Girls School with 20 girls under the tuition of Sister Matilda. In the same neighbourhood, the Propaganda Society continued their Boys School, now under Mr. Wan Fong, with 38 boys. The foregoing two Schools cost $840. The Pottinger Street Seminary, under Father Longe, was attended by 9 students, costing $180. No School of the French sisters is recorded as in operation during this year.\n\nThe Government Schools, now 30 in number, enjoyed at last a somewhat increased attendance. At the Central School 281 boys, costing $22.06 per head, and, at the 29 outside Schools, as many as 674 scholars, costing $13.1 per head, were in average attendance. The total enrolment amounted to 1180 scholars. As regards the working of the Grant-in-Aid system, Dr. Stewart's illusion was now dispelled, as he says in his report, 'the giving of Grants-in-Aid to certain Schools, which at first gave promise of much good, is not proving so beneficial a measure as was anticipated.' As regards the Central School, Dr. Stewart was by this time so satisfied with its working and with the appreciation it met with on the part of the public, that he indulged in the over-sanguine expectation that if a new building and additional masters were obtained, the Central School might be made to supply all the educational wants of the Colony. The fact that, in 1872, as many as 88 boys of non-Chinese nationalities attended the Central School may have originated this illusion, which present experience has entirely dispelled.\n\nDr. Stewart's assertion, that the Central School might be made to supply all the educational wants of the Colony, was directly intended as an official contradiction of the views then entertained by a considerable section of the community, who, sharing the views formerly expressed by Mr. Shortrede in 1855, disliked sending their sons to an institution like the Central School where, among a promiscuous mixture of nationalities, the Chinese vastly predominated. The feeling at the bottom of this movement was prompted by a national bias and manifested itself in a decided objection to school associations with Chinese in particular, but it was a feeling very natural in a British Colony and one that will never be satisfied until this Colony obtains at last the boon, at the present day still unfulfilled, viz. a Public School for European children of both sexes. On 29th April, 1872, the Hon. Ph. Ryrie stated in Legislative Council that the Community felt the need of a School for the education of middle-class Europeans. The Governor, desirous probably of testing the public character of Mr. Ryrie's motion, at once suggested that a public meeting should be convened to discuss the question. When that meeting was held (26th June, 1872), it appeared that a majority of the public did recognize the need for a School such as Mr. Ryrie desired, but wished it to be a secular School. Accordingly, a Committee (Messrs. E. R. Belilios, F. Stewart, J. Greig, Captain Sands, Mudy, Rozario, and Ph. Ryrie) was appointed, from which every missionary and clergyman interested in the proposed School was carefully excluded. This Committee was instructed to collect statistics as to the probable support the School would receive from the public, to ascertain if St. Paul's College might be utilized for the purpose, and to report to the Governor stating what initial help, if any, would be necessary from the Government.\n\n## 41\n\nThis attempt to turn the very School (St. Paul's College) which for so many years had formed the centre of religious education, even for the Government Schools of the Colony, into a secular School, with the open approval of the head of the Government, is a characteristic evidence of the change which had come over the Colony. The attempt proved, however, futile, and Mr. Ryrie's whole scheme miscarried. The only tangible result of this movement was the formation of a private venture School, called Victoria English School, taught by Mr. and Mrs. Hanlon, which was for several years under the nominal management of Mr. Ryrie (as a Grant-in-Aid School) and then came under Roman Catholic management, which has preserved the School to the present day as a Roman Catholic Mission School. Such is the irony of fate; the only secular School, ever established by the Hongkong public, maintained its existence only by becoming a denominational School. As to the Chinese community, the former pupils of St. Paul's College held, a few days before that secular public assembly, a meeting of their own at which they expressed their view of the situation by resolving to erect a monument in memory of the late Bishop Smith.\n\n## 1873\nThe year 1873 forms an important turning point in the history of local education, as it witnessed the introduction of the Grant-in-Aid Scheme. Just when the secular party had attained the zenith of their power in Hongkong, thought even of turning St. Paul's College into a non-religious institution, and launched an imitation of Forster's Grant-in-Aid Act (1870) expressly intended to bring the Mission Schools of Hongkong under the same secular bondage as the Government Schools, it so happened that the upholders of the secular system...",
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        "document_key": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]",
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        "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "## MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nIn 1875, the Diocesan Home and Orphanage School, costing $4,500, received a special Grant of $100 from the Government. St. John's Cathedral Sunday School was attended by 46 boys and 31 girls. The Colonial Chaplain's night classes appear to have been discontinued. The C. M. S. Chinese School at St. Stephens had an attendance of 75 boys and cost $2,400. As to the Baxter Schools, under the direction of Miss Oxlad, the Staunton Street School was attended by 56 girls and cost $160; the Taipingshan School numbered 58 girls, costing $216; a Second Taipingshan School, attended by 28 girls, cost likewise $216; and the Saigingpun School, attended by 44 girls, cost $180. At the Berlin Foundling House School as many as 40 girls were under Miss Schroeder's instruction during this year. The Basel Mission School had an average attendance of 2 boys and 58 girls (boarders) and cost $852. The two London Mission Schools at Wantsai and Taipingshan had an aggregate attendance of 120 boys, and cost $362.\n\nAmong the Roman Catholic Schools, St. Saviour's College now disappears from the records, the Christian Brothers of the Order of St. Joseph having, in 1875, substituted for it three Schools, viz. one in Pottinger Street, attended by 110 boys (under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, still retaining the name St. Saviour's Day School), and two separate Schools in Wellington Street, one of which had an attendance of 24 and the other of 25 boys.\n\nThe cost of these three Schools amounted to $2,880 (of which sum $240 were recouped by fees and $144 by the Grant earned under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme). The Propaganda Society still continued its Seminary with 12 students, costing $600, and its Spring Gardens School, attended by 28 boys, at a cost of $120. The Reformatory, now under the management of the Christian Brothers, had 45 boys under instruction at a cost of $750, but received a Government Grant of $50 a month. The Italian Sisters now divided their Schools among 3 different localities. In Caine Road (Convent) they continued their Boys School, attended by 45 boys (under 10 years of age) at a cost of $600. In Hollywood Road, they had an English School attended by 28 girls, and a Portuguese School of 20 girls, the two Schools costing $600. At Spring Gardens (St. Joseph's Street) they continued their former Boys School of 20 children, and their Girls School of 52 children, at an aggregate cost of $780. The Sisters of the Asile de la Sainte Enfance conducted a Chinese Boys School of 20 and a Chinese Girls School of 125 children.\n\nIt will be seen from the foregoing statistics that in 1875 there were (apart from the Cathedral Sunday School) 517 children (220 boys and 297 girls) attending Protestant Schools, and 492 children (319 boys and 173 girls) attending Roman Catholic Schools. The activity of the ladies among the Protestant Missions is now becoming conspicuous, and there was great need for it, for female education was everywhere in the Colony in a very backward condition.\n\nThe Government Schools, 30 in number, were attended, during the year 1875, by 1927 scholars (1747 boys and 180 girls), costing $18,695.99, the cost per scholar being $20.44 at the Central School, $8.45 in the outside Government Schools, and $3.60 in the Aided Village Schools. During the same year the Government spent, on account of 679 scholars (430 boys and 249 girls) in 9 Grant-in-Aid Schools, the sum of $1,451.00 or $2.19 per scholar. In his report for the year 1875, Dr. Stewart now urges the separation of the offices of Inspector of Schools and Headmaster, on the ground that in the Inspectorate alone there is now ample scope for one man's energies.\n\n## MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nIn 1876, St. Paul's College School was reopened by Bishop Burdon and placed under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, having an attendance of 102 Chinese and European boys under the tuition of Mr. A. J. May. The Diocesan Home and Orphanage School, under Mr. and Mrs. Arthur, had, during the year 1876, an attendance of 24 boys and 12 girls (all boarders), costing $1,500. It received from Government a special grant of $100. At the Sunday School of St. John's Cathedral 25 boys and 16 girls were in weekly attendance. The Church Mission conducted two Chinese Boys Schools, viz., the former St. Stephen's School attended by 72 boys and costing $180, and a new School in Queen's Road West, Saiyingpun, attended by 53 boys, costing $240. There were still four Baxter Schools. One of them, the Baxter Memorial School, was conducted in a new building, erected in 1876 by public subscriptions on the premises of the Church Mission at St. Stephen's (Taipingshan).\n\n| School | Attendance | Cost |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Baxter Memorial School | 63 girls | $108 |\n| Staunton Street School | 54 girls | $325 |\n| Taipingshan School | 38 girls | $168 |\n| Sayingpun School | 35 girls | $192 |\n\nThe London Mission Schools at Wantsai and Taipingshan were attended by an aggregate of 152 Chinese boys, and cost $250. The Basel Mission School, attended by 5 boys and 65 girls, cost $930, and a Branch School at Shankiwan was attended by 17 boys and 5 girls, costing $132. In the Berlin Foundling House School, 42 girls were under the instruction of Miss Schroeder.\n\nAs to Roman Catholic Schools, St. Joseph's College, under the direction of Brothers Hidulph, Bernard, Edmund, Adolphus, and Anthony, now took the place of the former St. Saviour's College. It was attended by 169 boys and cost $2,000, but it was not, like St. Saviour's Day School, under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, and it was attended only by non-Chinese scholars. For the benefit of Chinese scholars, Mr. J. W. Terry opened in 1876 an English School, attended by 15 scholars and costing $500. The Propaganda Society continued its former institutions, the Seminary under Father Longo with 10 students costing $400, the Wellington Street Chinese School, with 39 boys, under Mr. J. Leang, costing $200, and the Spring Gardens Boys School with 32 boys, under Mr. Leang, costing $100. The Reformatory School, under the tuition of Brothers Istrid, Peter, and T. Achin, attended by 31 boys, received a Government grant of $50 a month and cost the Christian Brothers $199 (per mensem?). A new Roman Catholic Girls School was opened this year by Mrs. Hanlon under the name Victoria Girls School, with 34 girls, and admitted to the privileges of the Grant-in-Aid Scheme (22 June, 1877) under the management of Mr. J. J. dos Remedios. This School appears to have taken the place of the Italian Convent Schools, for the only School under the direction of the Italian Sisters during this year was the Girls School at Spring Gardens under Sisters Tresser and Josephs, who had 34 girls under instruction, at a cost of $1,400, but they received from Government a special grant of $10 a month. The French Sisters of the Asile de la Sainte Enfance had 1 boy and 121 Chinese girls under instruction.\n\nLeaving out of consideration the Cathedral Sunday School and Mr. Hanlon's Victoria Boys School (which was still nominally a secular School under Mr. Ryrie's management) there were, during the year 1876, 739 scholars (425 boys and 314 girls) under regular instruction in Protestant Schools and 489 scholars (300 boys and 189 girls) in Catholic Schools.\n\nThe Government Schools were attended by 2,171 scholars (1,958 boys and 213 girls), costing $18,524, the cost per scholar being $18.50 at the Central School, $7.30 at the outside Government Schools, and $3.24 in the Aided Village Schools. On 11 Grant-in-Aid Schools (viz. 1 Secular, 1 Catholic, and 9 Protestant Schools) with 751 scholars, the Government further spent $1,697, or $2.12 per scholar. The withdrawal of St. Joseph's College (St. Saviour's) from the Grant-in-Aid Scheme is noted.",
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        "page_number": 399,
        "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "# MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\n## 48\n\nGrant-in-Aid Schemes expressed the dissatisfaction generally felt, by Protestants as well as Catholics, with the sacrifice of principle which the ultra-secular character of the Scheme demanded of Missionary School-managers. Dr. Stewart now proposed, in order to retain at least the Protestant Mission Schools under the Scheme, to raise the values of passes and to give a capitation grant on the basis of the average attendance.\n\n1877. St. Paul's College School, under the tuition of Mr. A. J. May, was continued, during the year 1877, with an attendance of 183 boys, under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme. This was probably the highest attendance the School ever had. The Diocesan Home and Orphanage School, under Mr. and Mrs. Arthur, was this year also placed by Bishop Burdon under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, attended by 33 boys and 15 girls, costing $4500. The institution received from Government its usual grant of $100 and the School moreover earned a grant of $226. St. John's Cathedral Sunday School was attended by 35 boys and 16 girls. The two Chinese Schools of the Church Mission, at St. Stephen's and at Suiyingpun, were attended by an aggregate of 175 boys, costing $622. The four Baxter Schools, whose expenses were up to the preceding year defrayed by the Baxter family, were now entirely provided for by the Female Education Society. They had, under the superintendence of Miss Oxlad, now assisted by Miss Johnstone, an aggregate attendance of 243 Chinese girls and cost $962. At the Berlin Foundling House, 40 girls were under Miss Schroeder's instruction, and a branch school was opened in High Street by Mr. Wong Chim, but the attendance is not recorded. The Basel Mission had three Schools at work, during this year, under the Rev. G. Reuach, who thenceforth was most energetic in promoting the educational interests of this Mission. The Girls School had an attendance of 51 girls (all boarders), costing $770, the new Boys School had 35 scholars costing $158, and the Shaukiwan School costing $117 was attended by 13 boys and 4 girls. The two London Mission Schools had an aggregate attendance of 110 Chinese boys in Wantsui and Taipingshan, and cost $370.\n\nSt. Joseph's College, under Brother Hidalph assisted by 6 Brothers of the Order, had an attendance of 198 scholars and cost $3,200. The Italian Convent Schools, having been re-organized, were now divided into a Young Ladies Boarding School with 22 scholars, a Boys Day School with 20 scholars, a Girls Day School with 115 scholars, an Orphan School with 136 girls, an Infant School with 39 girls and a School for the Blind with 7 girls under instruction. The cost of the whole institution is given as amounting to $6,000, but how much of this sum is purely educational expenditure is not recorded. The Propaganda Society continued its four Schools, viz. the Seminary with 10 students under the instruction of Bishop Raimondi, an Anglo-Chinese School with 32 boys under Mr. L. Leung, a Chinese School (in Wellington Street) with 34 boys under Mr. T. Leang, and the Spring Gardens Chinese School with 23 scholars under Mr. A. Leang. These four Schools cost the Society $1,810. The Industrial Schools of the Reformatory, under Brother Isfried and two Assistants, were attended by 61 boys and cost $4,600. The former Government grant appears now to have been withdrawn. At Spring Gardens, the Italian Sisters continued their two Day Schools (connected with the Hospitium of St. Joseph), attended by 10 boys and 33 girls under the instruction of Sister Galli and 2 Assistants. These Schools cost $800. The French Sisters of the Asile de la sainte Enfance had 4 boys and 130 girls under instruction and received from Government a donation of $720. Mr. Ryrie having resigned (27th April, 1877) the managership of Mr. Hanlon's Secular School, this School (Victoria Boys School) now came under Roman Catholic management, through Mr. J. J. dos Remedios, together with Mrs. Hanlon's Girls School (Victoria English Girls School) and a new Portuguese School started by the Misses Remedios. These three Schools had an aggregate attendance of 66 boys and 68 girls.\n\n## 49\n\nNot counting the attendances of the Cathedral Sunday School, we find that in the year 1877 the Roman Catholic Schools once more outstripped their Protestant competitors in educational energy, there being 1001 scholars (481 boys and 540 girls) under instruction in Roman Catholic Schools and 864 scholars (501 boys and 353 girls) in Protestant Schools.\n\n| Category | Number of Scholars | Boys | Girls | Cost |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Government Schools | 2148 | 1891 | 257 | $19,137 |\n| Grant-in-Aid Schools | 998 | ... | ... | $3,753 |\n\nIn the Government Schools 2148 scholars (1891 boys and 257 girls) were enrolled at a cost of $19,137, the cost per scholar on the roll being $15.87 at the Central School, $7.55 in the outside Schools and $4.25 in the Aided Village Schools. On 998 Protestant and Catholic scholars in 14 Grant-in-Aid Schools the Government further spent $3,753 or $3.78 per scholar. In his report for the year 1877, the last of Dr. Stewart's regime as Head of the Education Department, Dr. Stewart referred to the amendments made in the Grant-in-Aid Scheme (by raising the monetary value of passes) and remarked that the knowledge that the Amended Scheme was to contain more advantageous terms than the Original Scheme acted as a powerful stimulus to both Managers and Masters and the results were very satisfactory. No wonder: the value of a pass in the lowest Standard in purely Chinese Schools ($2 at the present day) had been raised from $2 to $5.\n\nBut this very increase of the value of passes in the lowest kind of Schools called forth renewed complaints on the part of Protestant and Catholic Managers who had Schools of a higher grade to bring under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme but were deterred from doing so by the determination of the Government to force all Schools accepting State Aid into the strait-jacket of an exclusively secular Grant-in-Aid Scheme. Among the protests put forth against the secular system adopted by the Government was a pamphlet published by an anonymous Roman Catholic author, entitled 'Dates and Events connected with the history (1857 to 1877) of education in Hongkong. Hongkong, 1877.' Another anonymous pamphlet, 'The Central School-Can it justify its raison d'être,' probably by the same writer, argued that the Government should confine itself to provide elementary Schools for the education of the poor and leave the well-to-do middle classes to pay for the education of their children in higher grade Voluntary Schools. The writer urged the adoption of a policy which would give more scope to a liberal Grant-in-Aid Scheme instead of turning the Government into a schoolmaster.\n\nAll the flaws of the Grant-in-Aid Scheme referred to in the above pages were eagerly taken notice of by the newly-arrived Governor Sir John Pope Hennessy, and when Dr. Stewart left the Colony on furlough, early in 1878, the offices of Headmaster and Inspector were separated and an advocate of 'secular education for Government Schools and religious education for Missionary Schools' was appointed Inspector of Schools and Head of the Education Department. The Grant-in-Aid Scheme was now, with the approval of the Secretary of State, stripped of both its elementary and secular character, simply by striking out the words elementary and secular wherever they occurred in the Code. The limit of 20 scholars in attendance was also abolished, and Building Grant regulations were added. Otherwise the Scheme was left as it stood. The effect was very great. When Dr. Stewart retired from the Inspectorate of Schools, in March 1878, there were 12 Mission Schools and 2 Catholic Private Schools under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, with a total of 996 scholars. The revised Scheme came into force in 1879, and in 1880 there were 27 Mission Schools (4 of which were Catholic) with 1,808 scholars under the Scheme.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-256 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 441,
        "title": "CO129-256 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "438\n\nthat Juvenile offenders should be sent to the Roman Catholic reformatory and that the point is receiving your consideration.\n\nThis seems to imply that hitherto the ordinances of 1886 and 1889 have remained a dead letter, and that the practice of sending children to the common prison has been allowed to continue. If this is so it is far from creditable to the Colonial Government.\n\nIn the present case a specially unsuitable building for them.\n\nI have, etc.\n\nSerious and hardy scenes requiring attention of the Government.",
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    {
        "id": 350240,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-256 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 548,
        "title": "CO129-256 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "## possibly for Hong Kong indifference \n\nbut showing a cheerful **to other countries**) that magistrates should be told not to pass such severe sentences that children should not be sent to gaol but to the Roman Catholic reformatory (this point will require special notice, as we were under the impression that they are already sent to the reformatory) — that a large number of the front prisoners are not criminals - that the number sentenced to prison is diminishing - that the number of long-sentenced prisoners is decreasing; that the finances of the colony cannot bear the expense; that, if the new rigorous extrusions are carried out, the new building will be filled with men who are not criminals and so forth. \n\nOver and over, all this is the old story, again. Every possible way of winnowing down the prisoners has been raised & considered in 'the correspondence; judicially retracing the ground to keep it is no use. \n\nThe practical point is that these unofficials are affirming ready to vote money for a block of 200 or 250 cells as laid down in Lord Knutsford's despatch. And donation materials I think result of these Committee kinds, and these in prominent measure. What they mean is that it should be an instalment of a new prison on a new site, & the scheme means citing while the existing prison is simply to be extended. \n\nThe Governor supports the views of the unofficials; and, pending instructions, has omitted a vote on account of the new prison from the estimates for `XCR(85)72`. \n\nA block of 200 cells will, exclusive of the cost of site, cost $70,000. \n\nThere are now 625 separate cells (including punishment cells and booths in which 1 or more are confined), and this with 200 new cells makes accommodation for 825. The Governor states that on the 7th December last the total number of prisoners in Gaol was 681. See `GR1178/1922/32(III)` and `17531/85`. \n\nAs I can make out from H. Dethbridge's return (last enclosure) for the cellular accommodation, it would therefore not nearly accommodate all the \"miscreants.\" All of this is in line with No. 273 of the 21st November, where Knutsford and others laid down that this was to be an instalment. \n\nPage 544 \n## Prison Statistics \n\nThe Superintendent says...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 519,
        "title": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "preferring the limit of 14 years, ready to make some concession if required.\n\n12.\n\nBut, collaterally, another condition is now mentioned by Bishop Raimondi. He applied lately for a Building grant of $1500 under the provisions of the Grant-in-Aid Code, for the purposes of extending the premises of St. Joseph's College so as to admit of the Portuguese inmates of the Reformatory school being transferred to St. Joseph's College in its enlarged state and to relieve the congestion of the Reformatory.\n\nAs this is necessary in order to enable the Reformatory to receive juvenile offenders, Bishop Raimondi now mentions a Building Grant as an additional condition.\n\n13.\n\nVirtually, therefore, the conditions under which the R. C. Reformatory at Westpoint can be brought under the provisions of the Reformatory school's Ordinance (19 of 1886) are now three, viz.:\n\n1. that a Building Grant of $1500 be made for the enlarging of St. Joseph's College, under the provisions of the Grant-in-Aid Scheme;\n\n2. that a wall, over 200 feet long and about 10 feet high, be constructed to enclose a portion of the Roman Catholic Reformatory premises;\n\n3. that juvenile offenders, to be sent to the Roman Catholic Reformatory, should not be over 14 years of age.\n\nIt is proposed to add the following provision: (a) that the capitation grant formerly offered by the Government for the maintenance of...",
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        "document_key": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 524,
        "title": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "(4)\n\nLarger and better building in Battery Road on the ground granted by His Excellency Sir HERCULES ROBINSON. Before proceeding further, however, we must first remark that we use the word Reformatory not in its strict meaning, but in a broad one. When we obtained the ground from Sir HERCULES ROBINSON we asked His Excellency what power had we of coercion on the boys who should be taken to the Reformatory. His Excellency said that we had no power of coercion, nor could he himself give any such power to us. Guided by this clear declaration, we built and framed our rules more after the shape of an Industrial School than of a Reformatory. On the other hand, it has always been our conviction, that it is not punishment that does away with crimes, but the preventing the youths from becoming criminals. We, therefore, constituted as a rule, first not to use coercion, but always to try to reform the boys by kindness, instruction, and work; second, to receive in our Establishment, not only the boys who have been already in Gaol, but also the young vagabonds in the streets or those who were not taken care of by their parents, to prevent them from becoming criminals.\n\nAlthough from the beginning it was known that the Government had not and could not give us any power of coercion, the Magistrates used to send to us the youths who had been brought before them, provided they had first undergone their punishment in Gaol, and, after having their terms completed, a chance was offered to them to enter the Reformatory; some remained, some left it after one or two days. To these two classes, namely, boys taken there by the Police, and destitute boys who applied for admittance the Reformatory was always open. To provide for the maintenance of these boys the Magistrate would give us a small allowance from the Poor Box. It was later on that the Government, recognising the good done by the Reformatory, voted a grant for it. The first mention made in public of the working and progress of the Reformatory was\n\n(5)\n\non the occasion of the distribution of prizes held on the 22nd March, 1869, at St. Saviour's College. We will cite some lines from the different Reports of the Roman Catholic Schools and Charitable Establishments, from which one can see the working and progress of the Institution.\n\nIn 1869 the Report gives to understand the nature of the Establishment. \"The boys of the Reformatory,\" we read therein, \"are made to learn a trade\" that is, it is a kind of Industrial School. More than once, when a favourable occasion presented itself, we insisted on the great want of Industrial Schools in Hongkong. We cannot pretend that all boys should be called to be clerks or to follow the mercantile profession; the Chinese are very good artists, and, if applied to learning trade, they would succeed. We have, however, to confess that we met with some difficulty in carrying on our system of teaching trades to the boys. We think that the reasons are: - 1st, the want of European teachers; 2nd, the difficulty of getting work; and 3rd, the competing with the shopkeepers who are, especially in these last years, united in the form of guilds and do not allow any one to work who does not belong to their societies. However, we did not lose courage, and succeeded in having a certain number of boys learning carpentership, shoemakership and tailorship, besides gardening. The cost was heavy, especially in the beginning, the Directors of the Establishment having to sink a large sum of money in raising terraces, facilitating irrigation in the garden, and ameliorating the ground; but lately, it has given a good result. We read in the report of the year 1869 published in 1870 that the inmates of the Reformatory were fifty-two in number, that trades were taught and the behaviour of the boys remarkably good.\n\nIn 1869 the Government made a grant to the Reformatory, through the recommendation of the Right Honourable Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies,\n\n522",
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        "page_number": 526,
        "title": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "(8)\n\nIn the Report published in 1876 we read of European boys being for the first time admitted into the Reformatory; they were either orphans or children whose parents entirely neglected their education and who would have certainly turned bad if left outside. We have to remark, once for all, that a principle we have always acted upon was never to make the Establishment a convenience for the offspring of illegitimate connections between Europeans and Chinese. From its foundation, it has been specially for destitute boys who would otherwise grow up scamps, it being our conviction, as expressed elsewhere, that the best means to diminish crimes is to prevent people from becoming criminals.\n\nA small printing press was added to the Reformatory in 1877 and we read in the Report published in 1878:--- \"The boys have made wonderful progress in printing.\" \"The number of the boys,\" continues the Report, \"has also increased, the Chinese being upward of sixty, to whom not less than twelve boys of other nationalities have been added. More would have been accepted had there been room.\"\n\nIn the same Report the necessity of providing some home for the poor non-Chinese boys was again insisted upon, as well as the necessity of Portuguese boys learning some respectable trade, such as printing, bookbinding, tailoring, etc.\n\nThe Report published in 1879 is much more encouraging. \"Twenty-five boys entered the Institute in the year 1878, and eight left for situations, nearly all carpenters. At the end of the year there were 59 boys distributed thus:- 10 carpenters, 8 shoemakers, 20 tailors, 8 printers, 4 gardeners, 9 studying.\n\nAt this time the ground adjoining the Reformatory, which was some years before a barren piece of land, having been raised in terraces, became a very well cultivated garden, and the inmates of the Reformatory began to draw some advantage by having daily fresh vegetables and even, by selling the surplus on behalf of the Institution. In one of the local papers in 1880 there appeared the following:-\n\n(9)\n\n\"The ground adjoining the Reformatory, which was some years ago a barren piece of land, having lately been raised in terraces, is now a very well cultivated garden owing, no doubt, to the exertions the Brothers have brought to bear upon the boys, who, instead of lying idle after school hours, are employing their time in gardening which, it must be admitted, is one of the most delightful occupations for boys, as it combines not only innocent amusement with exercise of the healthiest kind, but also skill and taste, and is full of instruction, for it leads the mind to the wonderful operations of Nature as well as to the great Originator and Preserver of all things.\n\n\"The place now looks so nice, especially the garden, and the boys so happy that everyone who visited the Reformatory on Saturday last left it with the highest admiration on the system under which the establishment is carried on.\n\n\"The enlarging of the Reformatory is badly wanted, and we think that it is the only Establishment of this kind which exists in the Colony, and, as the Institution has invariably received every boy sent by the Magistrates, the Government ought to encourage the Directors, who are the Christian Brothers, by giving work and larger pecuniary means to enable them to increase the number of the inmates, and to enlarge the building. At home, the Government has provided in the Educational Code for the existence and development of these Institutions under the heading 'Industrial Schools.' Why could not the same be done here? Why should private charity have to support nearly entirely the poor of the Colony? Why in Hongkong should the Government do so little on behalf of the poor? Upwards of ten thousand children\n\nPage 16\n\nCX\n\n11\n\n524",
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    {
        "id": 351612,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 527,
        "title": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "K\n\n(10)\n\nare running the streets in this Colony, or grow up in ignorance in the boats without receiving any education. \"We have heard it suggested that a training ship should be started for these poor children, but how many could be received and trained? Chinese are very fond of learning trades. Why then do they not assist more the only existing Industrial School?”\n\nL\n\nFrom 1880 up to 1885 nothing worthy of being noticed took place except that we succeeded in having a new wing attached to the building, to place there the Portuguese boys separated from the Chinese. The pecuniary means were supplied by the Society of St. Vincent de Paul. The Institution went on steadily, the average number of boys being from 50 to 60. It being difficult to find work for the shops in the Reformatory, several boys were sent out to private shops to learn a trade, with the obligation of coming for the night to the Reformatory, or at least every Sunday to spend a part of the day with the other boys. The Directors of the Reformatory paid a certain sum for their apprenticeship in order to have a supervision over the boys, even when they are out. This system proved to be good to a certain extent, but we prefer having the boys working inside the Establishment.\n\nIn August, 1885, we were invited by the Government to send in a kind of history of our Reformatory, and we sent the annexed Report which we would take up as the summing up of what we have said.\n\n(11)\n\nREPORT OF THE WEST POINT REFORMATORY, 1885.\n\nFROM ITS FOUNDATION (1864) UP TO AUGUST, 1885.\n\nWhen His Excellency Sir HERCULES ROBINSON granted to the Roman Catholic Mission in Hongkong the site where the present Reformatory stands, he openly declared that the Government could not give any coercive power to the Directors of the Institution to keep the boys against their own will. Therefore, when the Mission at its own expense erected the building, it did not provide for a strictly speaking Reformatory, but more for an Asylum to prevent the boys from becoming worse.\n\n2. With two exceptions, no boy has ever been sent for a fixed period of time; the boys sent by the Magistrate had already finished their time in Gaol, and then, not having any one to look after them, they were sent to the Reformatory to remain there as long as they pleased. With regard to the two exceptions we received the boys conditionally, if they liked to remain.\n\n3. It has never been a general rule that all the boys who had been in Gaol should be sent to the Reformatory, but it was left to the choice of the Magistrate. Sometimes we received some, sometimes none.\n\n4. In spite of all these drawbacks we tried to do our best, and we think we have done some good. We adopted the voluntary system. No coercion; and we tried to make the boys affectionate to the Institute.\n\n5. The greater part of the boys sent by the Government were from the Magistracy, a few from the Registrar General, and two from the Colonial Secretary. They do not exceed sixty.\n\nAltogether 525",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 529,
        "title": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "(14)\n\nIn dealing with the boys from the Gaol. The boys sent there were upwards of the age prescribed, and too far advanced in the art of pilfering as pickpockets.\n\nIt appears that having made stricter Regulations, the inmates of the Gaol have diminished, and that there is no boy under sixteen at present. The Reformatory is going on steadily in its usual way; the Chinese boys numbering 72, and the non-Chinese 27 kept quite apart from the former. The boys look very happy, and the Directors are satisfied with their behaviour; the place is very healthy. During twenty-five years, in an average of sixty boys, only two have died, one from sunstroke, and the other through phthisis, contracted before he entered the Reformatory. The garden is in a flourishing condition, and is the admiration of everyone who visits it—in a word, we are a little proud of the whole, and feel a certain attachment to the place where we spent twenty-five years starting, increasing the building, embellishing the place, and turning youths, once quite obnoxious to Society, into honest, useful members of it. We were just near saying \"Now we shall rest,\" when a report came that the same place of our Reformatory was to be appropriated by the Government as the ground was wanted to replenish the new Praya for the Tramway operations. We felt it and we feel it—our thousands of dollars sunk in the garden gone, we have to leave a place to which we feel attached, we have to separate ourselves from a dear old friend—but, we do not lose courage; we trust in the justice and generosity of the Government who will no doubt compensate our expenses and troubles by granting a new fine site, and by letting us have a larger, better building than the present for the convenience of the boys and the benefit of the Colony.\n\nJOHN T. RAIMONDI, Bishop, Vicar-Apostolic,\n\nHongkong, December, 1889.\n\nDRAFT.\n\nLong Tre 84\n\nEar\n\n7008. Akary\n\nWe Robison Kbely.\n\nMINUTE.\n\nMr. Wilson 9 May M. Lucas 9\n\nMr. Fairfield.\n\nMr. Wingfield.\n\nMr. Bramston.\n\nMr. Meude.\n\nMr. Buxton.\n\n912\n\nMarquess of Ripon.\n\naus\n\n1252\n\nfir\n\n527\n\n12 May 1693\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch 1272 of the 27th of March last reporting upon the questions raised in my despatches of the 20th of January and of the 4th of February last respecting Excavation in the Colony",
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    {
        "id": 352793,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 385,
        "title": "CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "The Code of Regulations for Educational Grants-in-aid has been revised with the aim of raising the standard of Education.\n\nArrangements have been made by the Government to bring the West Point Reformatory under the provisions of Ordinance No. 19 of 1886 as a Certified Reformatory School for the reception of juvenile offenders. I trust that this will have the effect of reducing the gaol population and of preventing the contamination of the young which is certain to occur when they are brought into contact with the old offenders.\n\nFor the benefit of the Government Central School for Girls, a Member of this Council has erected a handsome three-storied building which will soon be handed over to the Government.\n\nPhysical Drill, which was introduced a short time since in 11 schools, has during this year been carried a step further by the superaddition of a Cadet Corps subject to inspection by the military authorities. This Corps is popular, and in many ways, and especially so far as physique and discipline are concerned, will prove of great benefit to those who belong to it, or who may hereafter join it.\n\nThe need of a fixed standard of Chinese orthography in connection with local examinations has long been recognized. At the suggestion of the Government, it has at last been supplied by the Rev. Dr. CHALMERS, whose work in this, as in other cases, is admitted, by those who are capable of judging, to be a monument of learning and industry.\n\nExaminations have been held for the Diploma of the College of Preceptors, and for London matriculation purposes. In addition to the Oxford Local Examinations, provision has been made for the re-introduction into Hongkong of Cambridge Local Examinations.\n\nThese facts indicate not only progressive movement but prove that, as far as circumstances will admit, local Education is being assimilated to the system in force in the Educational Institutions of the Mother Country.\n\nI referred just now to the Cadet Corps, and some mention of the Volunteer Force should not be omitted. It numbers about 90, and every effort has been made to increase its numbers but without much result. It can therefore only be said that whilst it forms a most valuable nucleus, its practical utility depends upon its further expansion.\n\nThe Officers, and especially the Commandant, have done all in their power to ensure its being a success, and active preparations are being made for its taking part in the mobilization of the Garrison in January. The new headquarters are nearing completion and will be a great convenience to members of the Force. I much wish that the Volunteer movement was looked on with greater favour and received greater support from the Community generally than it appears to do at present.\n\nThere is every probability of Hongkong being shortly put into telegraphic communication with the outer world, independently of connection with any Foreign territory. This is a subject of congratulation.\n\nSo far as I am aware, it will not be necessary to trouble you with legislation of any importance in the near future, so that we may anticipate an unusually short session.\n\nI am in communication with the Viceroy of Canton and Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary in Peking in reference to the opening up of the West River to Foreign trade, and also in regard to the question of preferential duties granted on junk-carried tea to the detriment of Foreign shipping. These are two weighty matters affecting existing trade and its possible extension. A favourable solution of them would be hailed with great satisfaction by me in consequence of the undoubted benefits which would accrue therefrom to the Mercantile Community of Hongkong.\n\nAnd here, Gentlemen, it is not inappropriate for me to refer to the happy relations which for the last two years have existed between the Government and the Chamber of Commerce, and which it will always be my endeavour to maintain unimpaired.\n\nWe have to be thankful for exemption from serious epidemic or destructive storms in 1898. In the late typhoon, it is true that Gap Rock Light was considerably injured, and that costly repairs will have to be effected; but otherwise, thanks to the timely warnings issued from the Observatory, the damage done to property was infinitesimal, and little or no loss of life occurred.\n\nThe general behaviour of the Chinese during the past year has been most exemplary, and the criminal class has largely decreased.\n\nIn conclusion, Gentlemen, I shall not lay myself open to the charge of being over-sanguine when I assert that there is distinct evidence that the condition of the Chinese Community is improving, that business is more settled, and that the prospects are better than they have been at any time during the past three years. It is my earnest desire, in which you will cordially join, that still brighter and happier times may be at no distant date in store for all classes of Residents in this important and progressive Colony.\n\nWILLIAM ROBINSON,\n\nGovernor.\n\nCouncil Chamber, 4th December, 1893.\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nWB & L(121)-22916—6000-2-92\n\nGov. No.\n\nDispatch 234.\n\nDate: 1893\n\n6 Dec\n\nLast previous Paper: Gov 93-4 \"Z 22 Jan\n\nNext subsequent Paper: 561 HongKong No. 485\n\n(Subject.) DESPATCH. C.O. 382 485 94 Govt Balances in local banks. Steps being taken to reduce them to the prescribed limit. Copy letter to Cagts.\n\n(Minutes.) M. Fanfield See also 564 480 2561\n\nThe instructions to the C. Agents to keep the investments of Fund may not be (or to the latter) separate Praza Fund is contrary to the intention. parr. 4t's of an desp\n\nThe moment it is known that separate rested in this Praza Fund is in England, the Lotholders will have opening hereafter any profit that may to claim arise the transaction, wither by rise in Exchange or rise in value of this securities. On the other hand should there",
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        "document_key": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 113,
        "title": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "108\n\nIt is a pleasure to inform you, on the eve of my departure from Hongkong, that the Honourable E. R. Belilios, C.M.G., has very generously promised to the Government a sum of $12,000 for the creation of a Reformatory for Juvenile offenders.\n\nThe need for such an Institution had long since been recognised and has recently become more apparent owing to the failure of the West Point Certified Reformatory School to fulfil the object for which it was subsidised by the Government.\n\nA suitable site for the new building has been selected at Causeway Bay, and the ceremony of laying the foundation stone was performed by me on Saturday last, the 29th instant, in the presence of an interested and representative assembly.",
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        "title": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# ENCLOSURE\nExtract from the \"Daily Press\"\n\n## THE BELILIOS REFORMATORY\n### FOUNDATION STONE LAID BY H.E. THE GOVERNOR\n\nOn Saturday morning, 29th Jan., His Excellency the Governor, Sir William Robinson, G.C.M.G., laid the foundation stone of the new reformatory at Causeway Bay, the funds for the building of which have been provided by Hon. E. R. Belilios, C.M.G. The site seems to be a most suitable one, being on a spur of Morrison Hill and close to Kennedy's stables and the new cotton mill. The ceremony took place in a watshed, which was prettily decorated with flags. There was a large attendance, amongst those present being, in addition to His Excellency the Governor, Hon. E. R. Belilios, and a large number of ladies, Hon. J. H. Stewart Lockhart (Colonial Secretary), Hon. W. M. Goodman (Attorney-General), Hon. R. M. Rumsey, Hon. F. H. May, Hon. R. D. Ormsby, Hon. J. J. Bell-Irving, Hon. Ho Kai, Hon. Wei A. Yuk, Mr. W. Chatham, Dr. Bateson Wright, Captain Phillips, A.D.C., Mr. N. J. Ede, Mr. J. R. Mudie, Mr. M. N. Vandrawalla, etc.\n\nHon. E. R. Belilios said - Your Excellency, I esteem it a privilege as well as a pleasure to be here to-day to take part in what must necessarily be one of the farewell ceremonies of your long and successful administration. (Applause.) It has never, at least in my rather lengthened experience, fallen to the lot of any of your Excellency's predecessors to lay the foundation stone of a new and useful institution in the seventh year of a continued residence in the colony. That alone is an interesting fact; it gains, however, in interest by being coupled with the circumstance that this is the second educational institution of which you will have laid the foundation stone, -(applause)- the first of which you have seen for some years satisfactorily working. For my own part, I am glad to say that the suggestion made to me by my honourable friend the Colonial Secretary that I might assist in the work met my instant approbation. I always have been an earnest advocate of education. I believe most fully in its humanising and elevating effect, and I would like to see it placed within the reach of the poorest, a consummation I hope some day to witness. There are now, however, many children who still wallow in the mire of ignorance, and it is from them that the ranks of the criminals are mainly recruited. To restrain and deter from crime we are compelled to support a huge and costly gaol, where the social outlaw has to be taught that he cannot commit crime with impunity. Victoria Gaol is, however, hardly the place where a Chinese criminal can be reformed, and, unfortunately, the youthful offender against the law too often emerges from its cells more hardened than when he entered. He suffers contamination from association with older and more depraved criminals. This is almost unavoidable under the present system, it being impossible to segregate all the criminals, though the discipline is excellent so far as it can be carried out. Years ago a reformatory for boys was a necessity, but it did not then appear urgent. The good fathers of the Italian Mission supplied the want, as far as lay in their power, for many years, but the requirements have now grown beyond the means of the Mission institution at West Point, and the Government having agreed to provide a suitable site, I have been only too happy to supply the funds for the erection of the building. (Applause) I feel sure it will meet a want, and I sincerely trust it will be the means of saving many a lad from persevering on the downward and easy road. It is a duty we owe to civilization no less than to poor humanity, to show to the people of China that we provide for the reformation of the young as well as for the punishment of the adult law-breaker - that under the Union Jack mercy tempers justice. (Applause.) Your Excellency, with this trowel and mallet I beg you kindly to lay the stone of the proposed reformatory. (Applause.)\n\nMr. Belilios handed His Excellency a handsome silver trowel and a blackwood silver-mounted mallet with which to perform the ceremony. The mallet bears the crest of His Excellency, and the following inscription is engraved on the trowel - Presented to His Excellency Sir William Robinson, G.C.M.G., to lay the foundation stone of the Reformatory, a gift of the Hon. E. R. Belilios, C.M.G., to the colony. Hongkong, 29th January, 1898.\n\nThe stone bears the following inscription:- \"Foundation stone laid by H.E. Sir William Robinson, G.C.M.G., Governor, 29th January, 1898. Building presented to the colony by the Hon. E. R. Belilios, C.M.G.\"\n\nHis Excellency, after laying the stone, said - Ladies and gentlemen, I have much pleasure in pronouncing this stone to be well and truly laid. This is the last public act which I shall perform before leaving Hongkong, and it is a most pleasant one to me and a most interesting one to the colony. I did not expect Mr. Belilios would make such a long and eloquent speech as he has done in asking me to lay the foundation stone of what will hereafter be known as the Belilios Reformatory. (Applause.) As you know, the essential functions of these institutions are for the better training of juvenile offenders. They are institutions of comparatively recent growth and are the result of humane endeavour to rescue children from evil courses already embarked upon. To be effective, industrious habits must be engendered in these institutions, and a means must be given to the inmates of earning an honest livelihood. (Applause.) The mere fact of this site having been selected near the large cotton mill being built in the immediate neighbourhood seems to point to the introduction into this new reformatory when it is erected of some species of work connected with cotton spinning. But, ladies and gentlemen, you will doubtless want to know how it is that Mr. Belilios is mixed up with this affair. What he said was not exactly a correct statement; he is very shy and timid and refrains from giving himself laudation. (Applause.) We found the building at West Point was thoroughly unsuitable for a reformatory. We patched and heightened the walls and put the Right Rev. Bishop Piazzoli and the Italian Fathers in charge, but still we could make nothing of it, so we decided to build a reformatory. Mr. Belilios came to me and said \"Sir William, we must have a proper reformatory. I will give you $12,000 towards the building.\" Now, ladies and gentlemen, we have the Belilios scholarships, the Belilios medals, a Belilios school, which is the finest school in the colony, and soon we shall have a handsome Belilios Reformatory. (Applause.) Ladies and gentlemen, I consider the colony is deeply indebted to Mr. Belilios - a debt which can never be extinguished. (Applause.) The name of Belilios will be handed over in Hongkong to a grateful posterity. It will be my last public act on Monday to sign a despatch as Governor of this colony, to be sent to the Secretary of State requesting that he will bring this most generous and noble gift to the knowledge of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. (Applause.) I ask you now to give three cheers for Mr. and Mrs. Belilios and family.\n\nAfter the cheering had ceased, Mr. Belilios said - Ladies and gentlemen, a hearty good cheer for His Excellency the Governor. We are sorry that he is leaving us, and we hope to meet him in the old country as hale and hearty as he is to-day.\n\nThree cheers and a \"tiger\" were heartily given and the proceedings concluded.\n\nPage 110\n9.07\nof the 31st January 1898.",
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        "content_text": "## OFFENCES\n\nBrought forward | 7,853 | 9,507\n---------|----------|----------\n**Offences against the person.—Continued.** |  | \nWorkman, &c.—Intimidating | 14 | 14\nOpium Ordinance as amended by 4 of 1894, — |  | \nBogs and Vagabonds, – Continued, |  | \nfor Sale, or Opium found on board of any ship. Not on the Manifest | 5 | 7\nOpium Ordinance. (Prepared) 21 of 1891,- Breach of | 7 | 7\nPrepared Opium—Being in possession of, without having valid certificates | 1 | 3\nMerchant Shipping Act, 1894,—— Seamen—Disobeying lawful orders of Masters in British Ships | 1,486 | 1,480\nOpium Ordinance 22 of 1887 and 22 of 1891.— Breach of (Raw) | 10 | 12\nPawnbrokers Ordinance 3 of 1860,— License—Breach of, by taking in pawn in prohibited hours | 10 | 10\nSeamen—Neglect or refusal of duty by, in British Ships | 7 | 4\nSurreptitious passage—Obtaining | 6 | #\nMerchant Shipping Consolidation Ordinance 26 of 1891, |  | \nBreach of | # | 7\nPeace and Quiet Ordinance 17 of 1844,— Boarding Ships without permission | 35 | 36\nBoats—Beating drums or gongs during prohibited hours | 10 | 11\nBoats—Concealing the number of | 1 | 1\nBoats—Making fast to ship under way | 1 | 1\nPolice Force Consolidation Ordinance, 14 of 1887,— Police Constables—Misconduct as | 21 | 26\nPolice Force Regulation, Ordinance 9 of 1862,— Rogues and Vagabonds—Receiving monies &c. for Charitable Contributions under false pretences | 1 | 1\nRogues and Vagabonds—Indecent exposure of person | 70 | 70\nRogues and Vagabonds—Gambling in the Street | * | 1\nRogues and Vagabonds—Wandering abroad and lodging in the open air | 1 | 1\nSale of Food and Drugs Ordinance 18 of 1896,— Breach of | 29 | 7\nSpirit Licences, Ordinance 21 of 1886,— Grocer's Licence—Refusing to show—to Police | 10 | 10\nIntoxicating Liquors—Selling without license | 21 | 26\nPublic House Intoxicating Liquor, Selling during prohibited hours in | 1 | 2\nPublic House—Permitting disorder in | 2 | 3\nAdulteration of | 3 | 3\nPost Office Ordinance, 1 of 1887,— ++ |  | \nSign—Production of Spirit License | 7 | 7\nRefusing to produce—License of—to Police | 10 | 10\nUnlicensed Place—Drinking intoxicating liquor in | 1 | 1\nRegulation of transmission of Chinese Correspondence Branch of |  | \nStowaways Ordinance 7 of 1897,— Stowaways | 12 | +\nForged Stamps—Using | 1 | 2\nFraya Reclamation Ordinance 16 of 1889,— Unlicensed | 1 | +\nThe Tramways Ordinance 6 of 1883,— Nuisances in Harbour | 2 | 1\nPlying between this Colony and places out of Colony not having a licence from Harbour Master | 38 | R$\nRefusing to accept hire | 8 | 1\nCargo-boat—License, breach of conditions of | 1 | 1\nFairways—Obstructing | 1 | 1\nGoods unlawfully obtained—Throwing into water | 1 | 1\nJunk—Anchoring in prohibited place | 3 | 2\nQuarantine Regulations—Breach of | R$ | 1\nSeamen—Absenting from duty, from British or Foreign Ships | 1 | 1\nSeamen—Boarding House Unlicensed Keeping of | 1 | 1\nSeamen—Desertion of, from British or Foreign Ships | 1 | 1\nSeamen—Remaining behind Ships after having signed the Articles | 1 | 1\nShips, &c.—Anchorage or Harbour—Leaving without Clearance or during prohibited hours | 3 | 2\nBoats, &c.—Unlawfully entering Reclamation Area | 1 | 1\nPrison Ordinance 18 of 1885,— Breach of | 1 | 1\nPrisoner—Escaping or attempting to escape from Victoria Gaol | 1 | 1\nCarried forward | 10,632 | 12,315\n\n## OFFENCES\n\nBrought forward | 10,632 | 12,315\n---------|----------|----------\nBrought forward | 10,938 | 12,621\nRogues and Vagabonds—Being in possession of house-breaking implements | 1 | 1\nMilitary Uniform—Wearing | 6 | 6\nRogues and Vagabonds—Found in Dwelling house, &c. for unlawful purpose | 71 | 71\nThe Uniform Ordinance 10 of 1893,— Breach of | 1 | 1\nVagrancy, Ordinances 12 of 1888 and 25 of 1897.— Vagrants | 3 | 3\nWaterworks Ordinance 16 of 1890,— Water Wasting | 1 | 1\nWater Works—Valve of —Wrongfully opening | 3 | 3\nWeights and Measures Ordinance 8 of 1885,— Breach of | 4 | 10\nWild Birds and Game, Ordinances 15 of 1885 and 4 of 1892,— Birds and Game Unlicensed taking of | 2 | 12\nWomen and Girls Protection Ordinances 11 of 1890, 6 of 1894, and 9 of 1897,— Decoying women or girls into or away from the Colony | 19 | 2\nDetaining, harbouring, or receiving women or girls for the purpose of prostitution | 16 | 20\nDisorderly House—Keeping a | 9 | 9\nIndecent assault upon any female | 1 | I\nLetting out for hire women or girls for the purpose of prostitution and knowingly deriving profits therefrom | 2 | 2\nProcuration of girls under 16 to have carnal connexion | 3 | 3\nPurchasing, pledging, or selling women or girls for the purpose of prostitution | 11 | 11\nCarried forward | 10,938 | 12,621\n**TOTAL** | **[11,185]** | **12,886**\n\n## OFFENCES\n\nBrought forward | 10,938 | 12,621\n---------|----------|----------\nPrisoner—Aiding and abetting,—to escape | 2 | 2\nPrivate Vehicle Ordinance 13 of 1895,— Breach of | 134 | 136\nPrivate Vehicles—Not keeping rule of the Road | 3 | 3\nPrivate Vehicles—Unlicensed | 7 | +\nPublic Buildings, Gardens, &c.—Regulations for maintenance of good order and preservation of property Ordinance 8 of 1870,— Breach of | 39 | 40\nPublic Gardens—Breach of Regulations for | 98 | 104\nPublic Health Ordinances 24 of 1887 and 4 of 1895,— Boats, &c.—Dreaming on foreshore | 17 | 19\nCommon Lodging Houses Regulations—Breach of | 2 | 2\nCommon Lodging Houses—Unlicensed keeping of | 9 | 12\nDrain, &c.—Leaving open and unprotected | 10 | #\nLatrine Regulations—Breach of | 40 | #\nLaundries—Using, as sleeping rooms | 3 | 2\nLaundries—Unregistered | 2 | 2\nNight Soil or noxious waters—Carrying, during prohibited hours, or depositing in the Streets | 11 | }]\nExplosive on board,—Neglecting to report on arrival | $ | *\nFireworks—Discharging | * | —\nGunpowder, possession of more than 15 lbs. on | 1 | 1\nLantis—Unlicensed | 1 | 1\nNuisances—Neglecting to abate, after notice served by the Sanitary Board | 67 | 67\nLights—Neglecting to exhibit at night | 101 | 101\nOffensive trade—Establishment, Breach of Bye-Laws made under | 31 | +\nPigs, &c.—Keeping, without license | 189 | 169\nPassengers—Carrying, in excess | 1 | 1\nOvercrowding—in tenement house | 21 | 21\nSteam Launch—Exhibiting side lights not fitted with in board screens between sunset and sunrise | 3 | 3\nSteam Whistles—Unnecessarily blowing | Į | —\nTelegraph Cables—Anchoring within the limits of area of | Å | 2\nWharves—Embarking passengers at prohibited | 6 | —\nObstruction of, by boat people | 39 | 39\nMorphine Ordinance 13 of 1893, — Breach of | 5 | 20\nPigsties, &c.—Neglecting to clean | 20 | 10\nPlague and other infectious diseases—Neglecting to report cases of | 13 | B\nReformatory Ordinance 19 of 1886,— Breach of | 9 | 6\nRegistration of Births and Deaths Ordinance 16 of 1896.— Dear Bodies—Unlawful removal of | I | i\nDeath—Failing to report | 14 | 19\nNaval Stores Ordinance 9 of 1875,— Anchorage of Ships of War.—Dredging at | 40 | 40\nWilfully giving false information to Police &c | d | —\nNuisances—Ordinance 10 of 1872,— Chai Mui—Night noises by playing at the Game known as | 48 | 48\nRegulation of Chinese Burials, and Prevention of certain Nuisances, Ordinance 12 of 1856.— Obeying calls of nature in the streets or in improper places | 143 | 143\nRough dressing, &c. of granite in or near a Public place | 4 | ま\nRoads and Streets—Injury to | 171 | 171\nShrubs, Trees—Cutting or destroying | 2 | 2\nOffences against the person. Ordinances 4 of 1865, and 9 of 1897.— Trespass on Crown Land | 86 | —\nRegulation of Chinese People. Ordinance 8 of 1858,— Assault—Causing grievous bodily harm | 1 | B\nBuilding—Occupying or erecting, on land not being under lease from the Crown | 15 | 690\nCommon | 14 | 21\nIndecent | 4 | 4\nMendicancy | 21 | —\nOn Peace Officer | 3 | 1\nRegulation of Chinese Ordinance 13 of 1888,— Person—Forcible taking or keeping of | 3 | —\nBills—Posting, without permission from Registrar General | * | *\nChild Stealing | 101 | 71\nDrums and Gongs—Night noises by beating | 17 | 10\nCutting and wounding with intent to do grievous bodily harm | 18 | 18\nFireworks—Discharging, without permits | 312 | 342\nLights or Passes—Chinese out at night, without | 149 | 149\nCutting and wounding with intent to commit murder | 1 | —\nRiver Steamers, Ordinance 16 of 1895,— Manslaughter | # | t\nMurder | 5 | 11\nPassage—Obtaining, or attempting to obtain, without payment in River Steamers | 9 | —\nRape | 置 | —\nStupefying drug, &c.—Administering | 1 | 1\nRogues and Vagabonds, 5th of Geo. IV Chapter 83. s. 4.— Rogues and Vagabonds—As suspicious characters | 11 | —\nCarried forward | 7,853 | 9,507\nCarried forward | 10,632 | 12,315\n\nMagistracy, Hongkong, January, 1898.\n\nH. E. WODEHOUSE,\nPolice Magistrate.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3].txt",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-284 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 221,
        "title": "CO129-284 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure 9 \n## The Daily Press. \n### HONGKONG, JULY 26th, 1898. \n\n## HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL \n\nA meeting of the Hongkong Legislative Council was held in the Council Chamber yesterday afternoon. Present:-- \n\nHis EXCELLENCY the **ACTING GOVERNOR**, Major-General BLACK, C.B. (Officer Commanding the Forces). \nHon. T. SERCOMBE (Colonial Secretary). \nHon. W. M. GOODMAN (Attorney-General), \nHon. A. M. THOMPSON (Acting Colonial Treasurer). \nHon. R. MURRAY RUMSEY (Harbour Master). \nHon. R. D. ORMSBY (Director of Public Works). \nHon. F. H. MAY, C.M.G. (Captain Superintendent of Police). \nHon. C. P. CHATER, C.M.G. \nHon. Ho KAI \nHon. T. H. WHITEHEAD. \nHon. E. R. BELILIOS, C.M.G. \nHon J. J. BELL-IRVING. \nHon WEI A YUK. \nMr. J. G. T. BUCKLE (Clerk of Councils). \n\n## THE RECREATION GROUND AT CAUSEWAY BAY. \n\nHon. T. H. WHITEHEAD-I have great pleasure in rising to move the resolution which stands in my name. A considerable time before Your Excellency took up the reins of government the movement for the reservation of Causeway Bay for the purposes of general recreation received your cordial approval. In support of the motion I will, with Your Excellency's permission, read the memorial on the subject to our former Governor. The petition was signed by practically the whole community and was sent in to the Government before Sir William Robinson left Hongkong in the beginning of the year. \n\n\"To His Excellency Sir William Robinson, G.C.M.G., Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Colony of Hongkong and Vice Admiral. \n\nThe Memorial and Petition of the undersigned Residents of Hongkong. Respectfully sheweth :-- \n\n1. That the population of the colony of Hongkong is steadily increasing, each year shewing, on the average, an addition to the Chinese population of upwards of six thousand men, women, and children; that the European population is also gradually increasing in numbers; that from the altered conditions of trade and commerce men are now compelled to remain in the colony for much longer periods than heretofore and are marrying and settling down here with the result that the juvenile population is very largely augmented, and that a very considerable proportion of them are being educated and brought up in the colony, instead of, as formerly, being sent to Europe. \n\n2. That within the limits of the city of Victoria all available land is being closely built over; houses are rising in height to three, four, and five stories; the consumption of coal instead of wood is largely increasing as are also manufacturing industries of various kinds, with the result that within the city, even on the upper roads, it is difficult to get the pure air, exercise, and recreation that is essential for the preservation of health in this climate. \n\n3. That the necessity therefore for open spaces outside of the limits of the city is becoming daily more manifest and more urgent, and that the one piece of ground now appropriated to the use of the public-the area within the Race Course in the Wong-nei-chong valley-is insufficient for the needs and requirements of the population, \n\n4. That in addition to the civil population there is always present in the colony a garrison of over three thousand men, and, for some period of each year, generally during the winter months, a large naval force is in the harbour of Hongkong for which provision has to be made, and that at such times the accommodation for recreation in the Wong-nei-chong Ground is wholly insufficient and will still be insufficient even after the piece of land to the northward along the banks of the Borrington Canal has been added thereto. \n\n5. That there is now vacant and unappropriated at Causeway Bay a limited area of level ground, open to the sea and easily accessible by road, now temporarily used, under permission from the Government, for purposes of recreation; that this piece of ground although open for sale for building purposes for a number of years has remained unsold, the Chinese being apparently still unwilling to move out into that quarter of the city, that even should this neighbourhood ultimately become, contrary to present appearances, a densely populated neighbourhood inhabited mainly by Chinese, it will be highly desirable that some sufficient area should be maintained in the midst thereof for purposes of light, of ventilation, of recreation, and as a lung or breathing space for the locality. The ground now referred to, situate nearly between Jardine's Bazaar and North Point, is admirably suited to serve for such a purpose, and its reservation as an open space will not only materially add to the value of the neighbourhood, but it will permanently promote the physical health and happiness of large numbers of the residents. \n\n\"Your petitioners therefore humbly pray: \n\"That in commemoration of the completion of the sixtieth year of Her Majesty's Reign the piece of ground in question, situate at Causeway Bay, bounded on the north by the Causeway Bay Road, on the south and west by the Quarry Bay Road and Inland Lot 1,149 (Kennedy's Stables), and on the east by the Nallah, running from the Quarry Bay Road to the Causeway Road, may be by Ordinance reserved as a public and open space for ever, may be called the 'Queen's Recreation Ground' and may, under Regulations to be embodied in the Ordinance, be dedicated to the purposes of general public recreation for all nationalities. \n\n\"Your petitioners further pray that if, in the future, the present harbour of refuge at Causeway Bay should be reclaimed, then such portion of the newly reclaimed land may be set apart as an addition to the 'Queen's Recreation Ground' as may be sufficient to provide for a further increase to the limited level spaces in the colony available for recreation, which will in time be again rendered necessary by the growth of the population. \n\n\"And your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray, &c., &c., &c. \n\nHongkong, 24th June, 1897.” \n\nSince the memorial was drafted, some two years ago, the necessity for open space at Causeway Bay has been emphasised by the selection of a site on the west side, in the immediate neighbourhood, for a gigantic cotton spinning, weaving, and dyeing factory which will materially add to the population of the district by the large number of workers-men, women, and children-employed therein, and by the shopkeepers and tradespeople who will follow in their wake. On the other or eastern side of the Bay the Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., Limited, have already constructed oil tanks, a tin-can factory, store rooms, and a landing wharf. Dwelling houses for the Company's workpeople are now covering both sides of the road from North Point towards Causeway Bay. The Dew Reformatory, recently decided upon, is to be erected on the slope of the hill adjoining Causeway Bay on the south, and as the site will hardly afford space enough for adequate recreation of the inmates, it will be all the better if Causeway Bay ground is reserved as an open space. It is impossible to over-estimate the great importance of recreation in the life of the people. From a physiological...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-293 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 509,
        "title": "CO129-293 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "1898.\n\n20\n\nCOLONIAL REPORTS--ANNUAL.\n\nHosa Kono, equal as far as possible to the demand for admission, the rate of fees was increased from the 1st April. The total amount of fees was $21,593, being an increase of $8,138 upon the receipts for 1897, and more than double the receipts for 1896. Owing to various departmental economies, and to a reduction of $1,200 in the Crown Agents' account, the actual nett expenditure amounted to $16,305.91, as compared with $25,623.52 in 1897. Two additional English masters and one native mathematical master were appointed during the year.\n\nThe results in the Oxford locals showed marked improvement, the percentage of passes being 59 instead of 18 in 1897.\n\nThe lower and preparatory schools were examined by the headmaster, and out of 550 boys, 457 or 83 per cent. passed. The upper school was examined by independent examiners appointed by the Government, and showed satisfactory results.\n\nVI.—GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS.\n\n(A.) HOSPITALS.\n\nThere are several hospitals in the Colony, of which only one, the Civil Hospital, is entirely a Government institution, though the Tung Wa Hospital is also under Government supervision. These, of course, are in addition to the military and prison hospitals. Further information as to the cases treated in the two hospitals named will be found under the head of Public Health VII. (B.).\n\nAmong the patients treated by the Government Civil Hospital there were 469 deaths, of which 103 were British and foreign and 366 Chinese. 319 of the deaths recorded were due to plague. The Tung Wa Hospital treated 3,019 in-patients and 90,880 out-patients. The total number of deaths was 1,187, of which 243 were due to plague and 280 to phthisis. The percentage of deaths to admissions was 35.05, as against 35.24 in 1897 and 38.80 in 1896. It may be mentioned that the provision of free burial and the restoration of destitutes to their homes are regarded as two of the most important functions of this institution.\n\n(B) ASYLUM.\n\nThe lunatic asylum is managed in connection with the Government Civil Hospital, and is divided into European and Chinese wards. There were 82 patients admitted in 1898, of whom 73 were cured and relieved, Six patients died during the year.\n\nCOLONIAL REPORTS-ANNUAL.\n\n21\n\n(C) POOR HOUSES. There is no poor house in the Colony, but the Tung Wa Hospital does good work in relieving and sending destitutes back to their native villages.\n\n(D.) REFORMATORIES.\n\nHitherto there has been no properly organized reformatory in Hong Kong, but the Government has for some time been engaged in making arrangements for the establishment of such an institution in the near future. A building has been generously presented by Mr. Belilios, which is in course of construction, and should be ready for occupation before the middle of 1900.\n\n(E) SAVINGS BANKS.\n\nThe Hong Kong Savings Bank, started on 1st May, 1885, is conducted by the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and receives deposits from $1 up to $250 in any one day, with a maximum of $2,500 in any one year. The deposits bear interest at the rate of 3.3 per cent. per annum on the daily balance. Withdrawals are paid on demand, upon production of the pass-book by the account holder, or his duly appointed agent.\n\nThe following figures will give an idea of its growth :---- On 30th June, 1886, the deposits amounted to $122,000. On 30th June last there were over 3,000 accounts with a total of some $1,100,000, as against $900,000 on the corresponding date last year and $800,000 in 1897.\n\nCorrespondence relating to business of the Hong Kong Savings Bank, if marked \"On Hong Kong Savings Bank Business,\" is forwarded free of charge by the various British post offices in Hong Kong and China.\n\n(F.) SOCIETY FOR PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND GIRLS.\n\nThe Po Lung Kuk is a society, under the supervision of Government, for the protection of women and girls. The number of cases dealt with by the society during 1898 was 412, which is 27 more than the previous year. The receipts of the working committee amounted during 1898 to $5,054.17, and the expenditure came to $4,778.72, leaving a balance in hand of $275.45. The society co-operates with the benevolent societies of Canton, Macao, and other places in restoring women and girls to their relations, and in other ways. No money grant is received from the Government.\n\nHosa Kono,\n\n1898.\n\n506",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-293 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 520,
        "title": "CO129-293 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "517\n\n(S)\n\nQueen's College,--The total number on the roll for 1898 was 1,844, or 132 in excess of 1897. In order to make the accommodation equal as far as possible to the demand for admission, the rate of fees was increased from the 1st April. Over 120 boys had to be turned away owing to lack of accommodation. The total amount of fees was $21,593, being an increase of $8,138 upon the receipts for 1897, and more than double the receipts for 1896. Owing to various departmental economies, and to a reduction of $1,200 in the Crown Agents' account, the actual nett expenditure amounted to $16,303.91, as compared with $25,623.52 in 1897.\n\nTwo additional English masters and one native mathematical master were appointed during the year.\n\nThe results in the Oxford Locals showed marked improvement, the percentage of passes being 50 instead of 18 in 1897.\n\nThe Lower and Preparatory Schools were examined by the headmaster, and out of 350 boys, 257 or 83% passed. The Upper School was examined by independent examiners appointed by the Government, and showed satisfactory results.\n\nIV. GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS.\n\n(A.) Hospitals,--There are several hospitals in the Colony, of which only one, the Civil Hospital, is entirely a Government institution, though the Tung Wa Hospital is also under Government supervision. These, of course, are in addition to the military and prison hospitals. Further information as to the cases treated in the two hospitals named will be found under the head of Public Health (VII. B).\n\nAmong the patients treated by the Government Civil Hospital there were 469 deaths, of which 103 were British and foreign and 366 Chinese. 319 of the deaths recorded were due to plague. The Tung Wa Hospital treated 3,019 in-patients and 90,880 out-patients. The total number of deaths was 1,187, of which 243 were due to plague and 280 to phthisis. The percentage of deaths to admissions was 35.05, as against 35.24 in 1897 and 38.80 in 1896. It may be mentioned that the provision of free burial and the restoration of destitutes to their homes are regarded as two of the most important functions of this institution.\n\n(B.) Asylum.--The Lunatic Asylum is managed in connection with the Government Civil Hospital and is divided into European and Chinese wards. There were 82 patients admitted in 1898, of whom 73 were cured and relieved. Six patients died during the year.\n\n(C.) Poor Houses.--There is no poor house in the Colony, but the Tung Wa Hospital does good work in relieving and sending destitutes back to their native villages.\n\n(9)\n\nThe Society co-operates with the Benevolent Societies of Canton, Macao, and other places, in restoring women and girls to their relations, and in other ways. No money grant is received from the Government.\n\nVI.--JUDICIAL STATISTICS.\n\n(A.) Police.--The total strength of the Police Force during 1898 was as follows:---\n\n  \n    Europeans\n    Indians\n    Chinese\n    Total\n  \n  \n    112\n    226\n    292\n    630\n  \n\nBesides these there are a Captain Superintendent and Deputy Superintendent, a paymaster, three clerks, and 48 coolies.\n\nThis brings the total number of the entire staff up to 679.\n\nSeveral rewards were granted to members of all three contingents for intelligence and promptness.\n\nThe Chinese constables, it is remarked, never appear to fail in courage.\n\nSeveral of the staff were detailed for plague services. Seven of the Force died of plague during the year, but only one of these was on plague duty. Altogether there were 19 deaths, of which 12 were among the Chinese, 4 among the Europeans, and 3 among the Indians.\n\n(B.) Prison.\n\nThe total number of prisoners admitted to Victoria Gaol in 1898 was 5,427, as compared with 5,076 in 1897. The daily average in the prison was 511, as compared with 462 in 1897. The offences of a criminal nature numbered 3,590; the offences of a non-criminal nature, 1,887. Offences against prison discipline numbered 4,038 as against 2,619 in 1897, being an increase of 2.24 per head of population. This increase is attributed by the Superintendent partly to the interruption of regular routine work and the placing of a larger number of prisoners in association during the structural alterations, and partly to numerous resignations in the Indian staff giving rise to the employment of inexperienced officers and consequent relaxation of discipline.\n\nThe capacity of the Gaol accommodation extends to 557 prisoners; yet on several occasions during 1898 it was found necessary to accommodate a slightly larger number, and on one occasion room had to be found for as many as 589. It is evident that with a growing population and the acquisition of New Territory the question of increasing the Gaol accommodation for the Colony will become a pressing one.\n\nThe prisoners are employed on productive labour, on unproductive labour, and on Gaol services, value of the productive labour and that utilised on prison services is returned at $9,919.45. The establishment consists of 29 Europeans and 44 Indians. Besides these there are a Superintendent, a Chief Warder, clerical staff, and servants.\n\n(D.) Reformatories.--Hitherto there has been no properly organized Reformatory in Hongkong, but the Government has for some time been engaged in making arrangements for the establishment of such an institution in the near future.\n\nA building has been generously presented by Mr. Bello, which is in course of construction, and should be ready for occupation before the middle of 1900.\n\n(E.) The Hongkong Savings Bank, started on 1st May, 1885, is conducted by the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and receives deposits from $1 up to $250 in any one day, with a maximum of $2,500 in any one year. The deposits bear interest at the rate of 3¼% per annum on the daily balance. Withdrawals are paid on demand, upon production of the pass-book by the account-holder, or his duly appointed agent.\n\nThe following figures will give an idea of its growth :-\n\nOn 30th June, 1886, the deposits amounted to $122,000.\n\nOn 30th June last there were over 3,000 accounts with a total of some $1,100,000, as against $900,000 on the corresponding date last year, and $800,000 in 1897.\n\nCorrespondence relating to business of the Hongkong Savings Bank, if marked \"On Hongkong Savings Bank Business,\" is forwarded free of charge by the various British Post Offices in Hongkong and China.\n\n(C.) Criminal Statistics.\n\nThe following table will show the total number of cases reported to the Police during each of the past five years ---\n\n  \n    \n    1894\n    1895\n    1896\n    1897\n    1898\n    INCREASE IN 1898\n  \n  \n    Serious Cases reported,\n    2,575\n    2,767\n    2,314\n    2,896\n    2,935\n    39 or 1.34%\n  \n  \n    Bluor,\n    6,062\n    10,608\n    10,661\n    6,733\n    7,661\n    928 or 13.78%\n  \n  \n    TOTAL\n    8,697\n    13,376\n    12,975\n    9,629\n    10,598\n    967 or 10.01%\n  \n\n(F.) The Po Láng Kuk is a Society, under the supervision of Government, for the Protection of Women and Girls. The number of cases dealt with by the Society during 1898 was 412, which is 27 more than the previous year.\n\nThe receipts of the Working Committee amounted during 1898 to $5,054.17, and the expenditure came to $4,778.72, leaving a balance in hand of $275.45.\n\nIn \"Serious\" offences reported, the year 1898 shows an increase over 1897 in the following crimes: \"unlawful possession\" (38 cases), \"larceny\" (45 cases), \"burglary\" (11 cases), and \"assault with intent to rob\" (1 case). But against these increases must be set decreases in the following: \"murder\" (7), \"robbery\" (7), \"kidnapping\" (19), and \"other felonies\" (23).",
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        "document_key": "CO129-298 - Governor Sir Blake Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 3,
        "title": "CO129-298 - Governor Sir Blake Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "# Subject\n30 has Grants-in-Aid\n**Grant-in-aid to St. Joseph's College**\nincreases of salaries.\n\n## Sorting Staff on Mail Steamers\n130\n\n31\n**Bisous on west hive**\nbouf\nWe at River\nPinacis on west hive\n\n## Telegram\n1. Abduction of Kwans you wer\n2 \n...\n1357\n130\n134\n138\n139\n140\n141\nbouf.\n142\n143\nTiff\nY\n148\n149\n151\n10\n\nTelegram 12.\n155\n1566\n154\n\n## Lunatio 6. Kith rey\n**Colonial Probate.**\nChuphor\nFinancial position\nBelilios Reformatory\nKwong Yu\nФил\n\nAttack on British launch\n**Official Interpreters**\nInterpretation\nAtta akis\n0.0\nBritish launch\nnagy game ascoigne emy.\nby\n\nAssumption of Administrations\nPublic Building in new Leasilany\nRinderpest in new Levitony\nhent holl Survey, new Lerritory\nWardmaster in thearcas Dept.\nHospital warder in Gaol swardmantes, Kennedy.\nLower Hospit... Pension paper-tresses, Stanton, Quincy + Bake\n\nMilitary contribution, 1890.\nOrde. 10 of 1900\n\n## Telegram 14\ndewfaw Courts.\n161\n162\n\n18. Salaries of Judicial Branch\nPersons Rules\nWate\n\n## Subject\n19bil. Tramway Construction.\n16046\n1665\n20\n166\n164\n168\n21\n169\nMI\n142\n24\n143\n26\n1944\n26\n178\nᄒᄒ\n1457\n24\n\nLeases of brown Lands.\nOndce. Of of 1900\nHospital wardeno\nIncreases in talaries\nPublic Works Move.\nhew Law boucts.\ntalanes of Messrs. Gall and Hollingsworth\nSalary of 26. jewis\nResignation of Em Hazeland.\nMail Service viâ Vancouver.\nPlague\n.2",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-298 - Governor Sir Blake Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [3-4].txt",
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    {
        "id": 376094,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-298 - Governor Sir Blake Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 296,
        "title": "CO129-298 - Governor Sir Blake Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "# \n## No. 138.\n### Hong-Kong, Government House. 3rd April, 1900.\n\nWith reference to Sir William Robinson's despatch No.24 of the 31st of January, 1898, I have the honour to inform you that the Belilios Reformatory is now almost completed, but that a good deal of work outside the building remaining to be done it is not proposed to open the Institution for use until the beginning of next year.\n\n1. \n2. I enclose plans of the building, which wears a very handsome appearance, and I may mention that the sum of $12,000 proving inadequate to cover the cost of the accommodation required, Mr. Belilios generously added another $6,000 to his original donation and thus defrayed the entire cost of the building.\n\n3. The proposed Institution has been hitherto styled a Reformatory, but it is intended to use it both as a Reformatory School for the children of British subjects domiciled in Hong-Kong, and as an Industrial School in which any juvenile offender can be detained for shorter periods than in the case of boys sent to the Reformatory, it being undesirable as a rule to send such offenders to the Gaol except perhaps ...\n\nThe Right Honourable JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN, M.P.\n\n### \n|              |                 |\n|--------------|-----------------|\n| 14034        | -79295          |\n| 7 MAY 20     |                 |\n| C.Pd.        | 2. June         |\n| Lord Ampthill| Mr. Johnson.    |\n| Do ya age?   | sues 24%        |\n| Lord Amptlutt| in sure his costild apu |\n| 145/         | thar. Lans away.|\n|              | the water.      |\n| as the best way of getting |              |\n\n### \nexpenditure, which it is proposed to put on next year's estimates, is approved, and steps will be taken to make arrangements for the master and Assistant master if Lord Ampthill approves. Write to the Inspector of Reformatories & Industrial schools.\n\n66-01-0008-41822  \n66-F-0002-98121~{4}}}  \n216.  \n4737  \n4 Tracings  \n1. Маша, к sir,  \n...  \n\nPage 363",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-298 - Governor Sir Blake Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [3-4].txt",
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-301 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 159,
        "title": "CO129-301 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "## V.-GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS\n\nThe Government Hospitals consist of the Civil Hospital to which is attached an isolated Lying-in Hospital; Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital, and the Hospital Hulk Hygeia.\n\n### A.-Hospitals\n\nThe Civil Hospital contains 124 beds in 18 wards. Eight beds are reserved for first and second-class paying patients; 38 for Europeans of all nationalities; 54 for Chinese, Japanese, and Indian; and 16 for females of all nationalities.\n\nThe Lying-in Hospital contains 6 beds for Europeans and 4 for Asiatics.\n\nKennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital has 28 beds in the main building and 50 beds in detached annexes. The Hygeia has accommodation for 12 European patients and 100 Asiatics.\n\nTwo thousand seven hundred and thirty-four in-patients and over 13,000 out-patients were treated at the Government Civil Hospital in 1899. The Nursing Staff consists of a Matron and trained nurses obtained from England.\n\nThe Tung Wa Hospital is supported by charitable contributions of the Chinese community and by an endowment from the Government. All the land on which it stands was granted by the Government.\n\nIt contains 170 beds for Chinese patients only; 2,542 in-patients and 90,081 out-patients were treated at this Hospital during the year, and 2,261 persons were vaccinated.\n\nThe Hospital is under the daily supervision of a European Member of the Government Medical Staff. The Resident Surgeon is a Chinese qualified in Western medical science.\n\n### B.-Asylums\n\nThe European Lunatic Asylum contains 8 beds in eight separate wards. The Chinese Lunatic Asylum has 16 beds.\n\n### C.-Poor House\n\nThere is no poor house in the Colony. The Tung Wa Hospital undertakes, in a great measure, the relief of Chinese destitutes.\n\n### D.-Reformatory\n\nA reformatory has not been opened yet.\n\n### E.-Savings Bank\n\nThere is no Savings Bank under Government control.\n\n### F.-Pó Léung Kuk Society\n\n|          | Inmates remaining on the 31st Dec., 1898 | Inmates admitted during the year 1899 | Total | Restored to Parents or Relatives | Sent to Missionary Schools | Sent to Convent | Married | Adopted | Died | Left or discharged |\n|----------|------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------|----------------------------------|-------------------------------|----------------|----------|----------|------|--------------------|\n| Women    | 24                                            | 117                           | 141   | 38                               | ...                           | ...            | ...      | ...      | 10   | ...                |\n| Girls    | 252                                          | 211                           | 463   | 176                              | 50                            | 12             | 9        | 3        | ...  | ...                |\n| Boys     | ...                                          | ...                           | ...   | ...                              | ...                           | ...            | ...      | ...      | ...  | ...                |\n| Total    | ...                                          | ...                           | ...   | ...                              | ...                           | ...            | ...      | ...      | ...  | ...                |\n\n## VI.--JUDICIAL STATISTICS\n\n### A.-Police\n\nThe strength of the Force was largely increased during the year owing to the occupation of the New Territory on the 17th April.\n\nPrior to that date, the Force of Land and Water Police consisted of:\n| Europeans | Indians | Chinese | Total |\n|-----------|---------|---------|-------|\n| 112       | 226     | 292     | 630   |\n\nwith two Executive Officers, an Accountant, 3 Clerks, Interpreters, and 43 servants.\n\nAfter that date, it was gradually raised to:\n| Europeans | Indians | Chinese | Total |\n|-----------|---------|---------|-------|\n| 129       | ...     | 348     | 827   |\n\nMade up of the following ranks:\n\n#### European Police (Land)\n| Rank             | Number |\n|------------------|--------|\n| Chief Inspectors | ...    |\n| Inspectors       | 12     |\n| Sergeants        | 28     |\n| Constables       | 72     |\n| Total            | 114    |\n\n#### Indian Police (Land)\n| Rank          | Number |\n|---------------|--------|\n| Sergeant Major| 1      |\n| Sergeants     | 17     |\n| Constables    | 332    |\n| Total         | 350    |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-301 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [9-12].txt",
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-301 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 283,
        "title": "CO129-301 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "## 281 \n16/00. \n\nThe expenses of the Land Court (New Territory) form a new head, and amount to $32,884. \n\nThe Education Vote has increased $16,158. Nearly half of this is in personal emoluments (including the newly established Belilios Reformatory, $2,976). The remainder is accounted for under 'Other Charges' - Inspector of Schools; and the Belilios Reformatory, again, is responsible for $2,775. There are two new items: $2,100 for \"extra grants-in-aid to Schools on leased premises,\" and $3,000 as building grant (for the next three years). The latter items are thoroughly explained in enclosure 6. It is clear from the context that education in Hong Kong is not too well provided for.\n\nThe Personal Emoluments of the Medical Department are put down at $5,000 more; other charges, $10,964. $8,000 of the latter increase is under \"Provisions for patients\" in the Civil Hospital, which is explained as due to a rise in the price of food and in the number of patients. $884 is provided for the New Territory Medicines, and Chair Allowance to Chinese doctor, and $620 more for rent of temporary quarters for the Nursing Institute.\n\nThere is an increase (small items) of $1,140 in the expenses of the Magistracy; whilst the Personal Emoluments of the Police are $4,000 less (sight fewer constables, $5,760; horse, station, etc. coolies, $2,600 more). Other Charges are reduced by $7,400; the reduction in the number of recruits wanted having brought about a decrease of $11,500 in Passages and Bonuses. Against this, there is a satisfactory increase. \n\n-12485-2000-3-99 \n22317--2000-10-99",
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    {
        "id": 379531,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "page_number": 484,
        "title": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, APRIL 3RD, 1900\n\n## THE BELILIOS REFORMATORY\n\n## FORMAL OPENING BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR\n\nThe reformatory at Causeway Bay provided for the colony by the munificence of the Hon. E. R. Belilios, C.M.G., was formally opened by His Excellency the Governor (Sir Henry A. Blake, G.C.M.G.), yesterday morning in the presence of the Earl Drogheda, Viscount Suirdale, the Hon. F. H. May, C.M.G., the Hon. R. D. Ormsby, Mr. H. P. Tooker, and others.\n\nThe foundation stone was laid on the 29th January, 1898, by the then Governor, Sir William Robinson, G.C.M.G., and bears an inscription to that effect. The premises occupy a commanding site on a spur of Morrison Hill. They have a handsome front. The ground floor contains an office, a work-room, a reception room, & dining-room, and three cells. In the upper storey are three dormitories and the Superintendent's quarters, which comprise five rooms. There is accommodation for about 50 boys. The building is a valuable acquisition to the colony, and Mr. Belilios is deserving of the hearty thanks of the community for his generosity.\n\nMr. Belilios had provided a silver key for presentation to His Excellency, together with a beautifully chased silver plate. On the latter were inscribed the words: \"The Belilios Reformatory. Opened by H.E. Sir Henry A. Blake, G.C.M.G., Governor of Hongkong, 2nd April, 1900.\" The inscription on the key runs as follows: \"H.E. Sir Henry A. Blake, G.C.M.G., Governor of Hongkong.\" On each side of the door of the principal entrance to the premises is a plate bearing the inscription - in the one case in English and in the other Chinese - \"The Belilios Reformatory. This building was erected by the Hon. E. R. Belilios, C.M.G., the ground having been given by the Government. This reformatory was opened by H.E. Sir Henry A. Blake, G.C.M.G., Governor of Hongkong, on the second of April, 1900, in the sixty-third year of the reign of Her Majesty Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and Empress of India.\"\n\nMr. BELILIOS said - Your Excellency, it is with sincere pleasure that I hand to you these keys with which I must ask you formally to open this institution. I regard it as a good omen for its success that two Governors of this colony have, so to speak, set their stamp upon this reformatory. On the 29th January, 1898, in the seventh year of his administration, Sir William Robinson laid the foundation-stone of the building - his last public function - and now your Excellency, his successor, will perform the ceremony of opening it, the stone recording the fact that Sir William Robinson laid it is before us, and the plates commemorating this function performed by your Excellency will be fixed in the walls.\n\nI trust that many youthful wanderers from the paths of virtue will in this institution learn to recognise that honesty is the best policy, and that the food won by honest toil is sweeter than stolen luxuries. Of course it will not do to expect too much at first as the fruits of reformatory discipline, but we may reasonably hope that when even Chinese boys are taken out of a crime-laden atmosphere, such as that prevailing in a gaol for adults, they will at least be more amenable to good influences and will at any rate escape contact with hardened criminals who delight in corrupting the minds of those whom misfortune or a sudden step may have cast in their way.\n\nI refuse to believe that Chinese boys are wholly callous and dead to appeals to their better nature. There must be a percentage who will strive to reform their ways when the opportunity is given to them, and to such I hope this institution will offer that chance. It was in that belief that I engaged to erect this building, and because it seemed to me so inexpressibly sad that boys of tender years should be cast into Victoria Gaol in association with depraved characters. This will be my last appearance for some time at a ceremony of this description, for I am about to leave the colony for a holiday which will extend over three years. I entreat that others will take up the good work.\n\nI have been able to do a little for the benefit of education, but there is much more to be done in this and other directions by those who have the means; for the colony is developing rapidly, the population is increasing, and the residents of British and foreign origin are now settling down and bringing up families in the shadow of these grand hills. If the Almighty is pleased with the means, I shall on my return, if these wants are not then provided for, do my utmost to supply them. Meantime I hope, as I said, to see others step into the breach and do what is possible to advance education, decrease crime and increase the knowledge and happiness of the community. I will now ask your Excellency to declare this building open. (Applause.)\n\nHis EXCELLENCY said - Mr. Belilios, I accept this building from you with great pleasure. I have been reading lately the account of the laying of the foundation stone of this reformatory by my predecessor, Sir William Robinson, in which he said that when money was required it was forthcoming. This question of a reformatory has been a burning question for 20 years in this colony. Twenty years ago it was brought to the notice of the Government by the then Acting Police Magistrate. From time to time it was looked into, and in consequence of representations made, I think, by General Gordon the Ordinance of 1885 was passed, an amending Ordinance being passed in 1889.\n\nI find that in 1893 there was a despatch from the Secretary of State in which the latter deprecated the apathy of the Government in this matter of reformatory, for it was found that those youths who were incarcerated in the common prison in Hongkong left the Gaol worse characters than they were when they entered the Gaol - in fact became hardened criminals. As Sir William Robinson stated when laying the foundation stone, you, Mr. Belilios, came forward and said you would give $12,000. Plans were prepared in accordance with your desire, but I may tell you, ladies and gentlemen, that $12,000 was found to be insufficient, and that a short time afterwards Mr. Belilios came forward and said he was prepared to give what was necessary to complete the plans which were being prepared. This was $18,000, which Mr. Belilios then gave and for which this building has been erected.\n\nI think the thanks of the community are due to Mr. Belilios for his munificence in this matter. A reformatory to be effective should be disciplinary and educational rather than punitive. I do not believe myself in a reformatory conducted on prison principles. The theory of reformatories is that they recognise the irresponsibility of childhood and early youth and the necessity of following out the injunction of Solomon, \"Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it.\" If you bring up children in a reformatory on the same principles as those adopted towards prisoners you are making them prisoners for life.\n\nI remember visiting a prison in Jamaica when the Superintendent mentioned that some of the prisoners bore most excellent characters whilst others had very bad characters. I asked, \"How do you account for that?\" \"Well,\" he replied, \"those who bear good characters were all brought up in reformatories.\" The fact was that they had been so trained that they had been turned into prisoners and were unhappy under any other system than the coercion system of prison life. Therefore, I say that the reformatory system should be an educational system, so that children would be equipped for the business of life when they left the reformatory.\n\nThe thanks of the community, I say, are due to Mr. Belilios for his munificence in this matter. In the future many a poor Chinese lad will have to thank this reformatory for his being rescued from possible crime and for a mental and physical equipment which will enable him to lead a respectable life. On behalf of the community, Mr. Belilios, I thank you for this reformatory which I shall now open with the greatest pleasure. (Applause.)\n\nHis Excellency then unlocked the door and accompanied by his party made a tour of the premises, with which he expressed himself as being well pleased.",
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    {
        "id": 381991,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 704,
        "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "(4)\n\n4. Ordinances were also passed for the establishment of a hospital for infectious diseases in connection with the Tung Wa Hospital; for the imposition of fees for the issue by the Government of Hongkong of certain certificates to certain Chinese; and for the provision of more effectual means to ensure the observance, by those in charge of certain steam-launches, of reasonable precautions against piracy and robbery.\n\nIV. EDUCATION,\n\n1. At the close of 1900 there were in this Colony 13 Government Schools and 91 Grant-in-aid Schools, purporting to give an education to 7,481 children. Of this number, no less than 1,440 scholars are claimed by Queen's College. The remaining 103 schools are thus left with an average of not quite 59 pupils each, the smallest number in any given school being 12. This state of affairs cannot be considered satisfactory, and it seems desirable while diminishing the number of educational centres to cultivate greater uniformity in the system and object of teaching adopted by the various scholastic establishments.\n\n2. There are 5 schools in the Colony—Queen's College being by far the most considerable—which give an education both in English and in Chinese. Twenty-one schools offer an education in English only, while in the remainder only Chinese is taught.\n\n3. No satisfactory provision for the Education of European children exists in Hongkong. Whilst European parents prefer to have their sons and daughters educated at home, a preference dictated by climatic and other reasons, there are not a few Europeans new in the Colony who are unable to afford to send their children to Europe. It would seem only just that educational facilities which are at present wanting should be afforded for such children.\n\n4. The education of Chinese should have as its two objects the instruction of the native pupils in their own language, and in English. Anything further would seem at present to be premature, save in the case of a very few exceptionally clever scholars. If the Chinese boy on leaving school is equipped with a sound knowledge of English, his so-called \"secondary\" education may confidently be left in his own hands, and its evolution will depend on circumstance and opportunity. It is more than doubtful whether this principle is at present realized with sufficient clearness.\n\nV.—PUBLIC WORKS.\n\n1. The total expenditure on Public Works during the year was a sum of $683,946.74. This shows an increase of $232,581.23 over the expenditure under this head in 1899.\n\n2. The designs for the new Law Courts were prepared in England by the Consulting Architects to the Colonial Office. The plans for the piled foundations were prepared locally, a satisfactory contract for the work was let in July, 1900, and good progress has since been made.\n\n3. A new Police Station was built on a site selected above the Cattle Depôts on the road leading to the Pokfulam Road. The work was completed on the 1st October. Police Stations are also being built at Saikung and Shatin Kok in the New Territory.\n\n4. The Public Works Department Store at Wanchai was completed early in the year. All stores previously deposited at Crosby Store in Queen's Road and in a rented building on Praya East were then removed to the new store, where they were arranged and catalogued.\n\n5. The construction of two new latrines was completed during the year, while three more are being built. A chair shelter for coolies has also been constructed at the Peak Tram Station.\n\n6. Good progress was made on the Pokfulam Conduit Road during the year, and plans and estimates are ready for its completion as far as a junction with Robinson Road. It has been decided that the Harlech Road at the Peak should be taken over and completed by the Military Authorities, to give access to sites for batteries on the High West and for buildings beyond to the North of the hill's saddle. The trunk road to Táipó in the New Territory is still in course of construction.\n\n7. A contract for building a Peak Residence for the Governor has been let and fair progress was made during the year. The stone foundations of the main building are well advanced, and the woodwork of the doors and windows was in course of preparation.\n\n8. On the 29th November the Governor opened to the public a new pier opposite the end of Pedder Street, 200 feet long by 40 feet wide, now known as Blake Pier. The base was designed to carry the new Clock Tower which it is proposed to erect to take the place of that which stands in Pedder Street, and which has become an obstruction to the traffic.\n\n(5)\n\nVI.—GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS.\n\n(a.) Hospitals.—1. A total number of 2,913 cases were admitted into the Government Civil Hospital during the year 1900, showing an increase of 1% over the number of admissions in the previous year. Two hundred and twenty-five operations were performed, of which only seven ended fatally.\n\n2. Fifty-four (54) cases were admitted into the Maternity Hospital as against 36 in 1899. Six deaths occurred among the patients.\n\n3. The Hospital Hulk Hygeia was not used during the year as the accommodation at Kennedy Town Hospital is now sufficient. It is proposed to use the Hygeia for quarantined passengers under examination.\n\n4. One hundred and seven (107) cases of plague were treated at the Kennedy Town Infectious Hospital during the year with a mortality of 77.5 per cent., 83 cases ended fatally. Fifteen cases of Beri-beri, with one death, were also treated.\n\n5. The admissions to the Gaol Hospital numbered 495, as compared with 503 in 1899. Six deaths occurred from natural causes, and there were two executions.\n\n6. The number of patients in the wards of the Tung Wa Hospital at the beginning of the year was 154; 2,981 were admitted during 1900, making a total of 3,135 cases treated. 1,267 deaths, the high rate of mortality being due to the fact that the lower classes of the Chinese community regard this hospital as not alone a place for the treatment of diseases, but also a refuge in which to die. A free site has been granted on the western side of Inland Lot 1,082 for the erection of a permanent branch hospital for the treatment of contagious diseases. This new hospital will take the place of the temporary matsheds which have hitherto been built for the reception of infectious cases.\n\n(b.) Lunatic Asylum.—7. The Lunatic Asylum is divided into European and Chinese wards. 109 patients were admitted. There was an increase in the number of Chinese patients treated, viz., 97 as against 59 in 1899.\n\n(c.) Reformatory.—8. The Belilios Reformatory was opened during 1900, but at the close of the year no case had been admitted.\n\n(d.) Public Mortuary.—9. During the year 1,712 bodies were removed to the Public Mortuary.\n\n(e.) Vaccine Institute and Government Laboratory.—10. The Vaccine Institute has been working throughout the year under the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon, and the lymph has, as usual, given satisfaction. 321 articles were examined during the year in the Government Laboratory.\n\n(f.) Po Leung Kuk.—11. I append a return (Table showing the work of the Po Leung Kuk, a Society for the Protection of Women and Children, for the year 1900. The number of persons admitted to the home was 337 as against 252 in 1899. The balance to the credit of the fund was $13,697.99 at the close of 1900, and the subscriptions for the year show an increase of $1,459.80 over the subscriptions for 1899. At the beginning of the year the services of a female teacher were engaged, and the inmates now receive regular elementary instruction.\n\n(g.) Fire Brigade.—12. At the commencement of the year, the Nam Pak Hong Fire Brigade was reorganized and placed under the immediate supervision of the officers of the Government Fire Brigade, which is itself a sub-department of the Police and under the control of the Captain Superintendent of Police. The Nam Pak Hong now maintains, at its own cost, six trained firemen, while two firemen of the Government Brigade reside in the station house with them.\n\n13. There were 51 fires and 74 incipient fires during the year, causing an estimated damage of $130,599.73 and $729.10 respectively. The Brigade turned out 61 times during the year.\n\n(h) Police.—14. The total strength of the Police Force, which stood at 630 in 1898, and at 827 in 1899, has been increased to 929, an increase necessitated by additional work in connection with the New Territory. To keep pace with this increase in the numbers of the men, the staff of officers, which had previously consisted only of a Captain Superintendent of Police and a Deputy Superintendent of Police, was doubled by the appointment of two Assistant Superintendents of Police, though only one of these was actually employed in Police Work during the year.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 384757,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-310 - Acting Governor Major Gen Gascoigne - 1902 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 634,
        "title": "CO129-310 - Acting Governor Major Gen Gascoigne - 1902 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "628\n\n23016\n\nL(x)-16569~-3000-8-01\n\n2217\n\nA.F.\n\nyes\n\nJr\n\nLuca\n\nQu\n\nconceived\n\n\"23016)\n\na\n\ndespatch mouthing\n\nit is stated that\n\nit is proposed to use the Building for\n\na\n\nBritish School.\n\ndi Curwen has been attacked in the P&O office.\n\nParrand\n\nmy first minute.\n\nI\n\nam\n\nafraid that\n\n...\n\nJan\n\nnothing else. Pond I should like to know\n\nwhether the increase\n\nof the ruling rate\n\nto $1350 is\n\ndue to the Clerk's pay #1200 dictated by the needs of the Dept or of\n\nMr Bullock.\n\nand write to Hongkong\n\nall Referring\n\nJ. Me\n\n17/6\n\nto 944. Bellin appointment\n\nIf the Salary: Say for understand the Reformatory has been closed, dark\n\nboy was not duly informed. What are the particulars, suggesting that a report on the subject should have been sent already C.PL 18\n\nat once",
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    {
        "id": 384855,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 96,
        "title": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "ove aor.\n\nNo.\n\nwine 179 1902\n\nmay\n\nLast previous Paper.\n\n2015\n\nAnod 294. 16 Sep\n\nBelilios anos\n\n23020\n\n{| (+ [78)~~~5(0331--2000-12-07\n\nuni\n\nNo 23016\n\n(Subject.)\n\n10--0\n\nC. O.\n\n23016\n\nDESPATCH,\n\nRes 9 JUN Of\n\nKowloon School\n\nJ\n\n95\n\n1. Receds copy corres with to Tony as to status S. I requests approval of his action &. Submits views on the proposal to adopt Belilios Reformatory Building for British School.\n\ntsubsequent Paper\n\n133017\n\nMr. Lancas\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nМ. Но\n\nth. Ho Tung is evidently not pleased at the reception of his gift. Sir H. Blake remarks he was not well qualified.\n\nThe O. A.G. asks for approval of\n\n1) the proposal to abolish Mr. Belilios' Reformatory and convert the Building unto British School.\n\nWe must need raise no objection,\n\nbut as the Reformatory has been such a failing, I think\n\n2) The tentative agreement with Mr. Ho Tung as regards the Kowloon School. This appears to be a good agreement. The School being reserved for children of Europeans.\n\nPage 363\n\n...\n\n...\n\nPage 363\n\nThe text is re-formatted into proper paragraphs and minor corrections are made to ensure coherence and readability while maintaining the original content and structure as much as possible.\n\nhas been removed as per instruction 12 and the output is now in HTML format using  for paragraphs. Further refinement to adhere strictly to the instructions is needed.\n\nHere is the revised output:\n\nove aor.\n\nNo.\n\nwine 179 1902\n\nmay\n\nLast previous Paper.\n\n2015\n\nAnod 294. 16 Sep\n\nBelilios anos\n\n23020\n\n{| (+ [78)~~~5(0331--2000-12-07\n\nuni\n\nNo 23016\n\n(Subject.)\n\n10--0\n\nC. O.\n\n23016\n\nDESPATCH,\n\nRes 9 JUN Of\n\nKowloon School\n\nJ\n\n95\n\n1. Receds copy corres with to Tony as to status S. I requests approval of his action &. Submits views on the proposal to adopt Belilios Reformatory Building for British School.\n\ntsubsequent Paper\n\n133017\n\nMr. Lancas\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nM. Ho\n\nth. Ho Tung is evidently not pleased at the reception of his gift. Sir H. Blake remarks he was not well qualified.\n\nThe O. A.G. asks for approval of\n\n1) the proposal to abolish Mr. Belilios' Reformatory and convert the Building unto British School.\n\nWe must need raise no objection,\n\nbut as the Reformatory has been such a failing, I think\n\n2) The tentative agreement with Mr. Ho Tung as regards the Kowloon School. This appears to be a good agreement. The School being reserved for children of Europeans.\n\nPage 363\n\n...\n\n...\n\nPage 363",
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        "id": 384856,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 97,
        "title": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "Angle... \n\nEnglish master \n\nChinese School the fut under an \n\nand properly housed. \n\nThe former is part of the general your proposals \n\nin re \n\nto education ( \n\nregard for the latter $9,000 \n\nsee on 23014): \n\nwas \n\nassigned in \n\nthe 1901 Estimates but not spent. \n\nThe cause \n\nof education is also love \n\nBritish School. \n\nand the \n\nthe level in the \n\nI don't \n\nsu objection, if \n\nare \n\nI found. I think the \n\nsomething soothing \n\nthe \n\n5. of 3. should say. \n\nabout the public spirit shown I \n\nill. Ho Tung. \n\n(3) M. Cuneven, appt 7 to \n\nClerkship in the Post Office \n\n$1440 to $1680, and ill. Bullen's to be first Clerk of the Registration General Office. \n\n$1800 \n\non \n\n$1,380 \n\nThe salary given \n\nto all. Cuneven \n\nrecurred \n\nis what he formerly Head of the Belilton Reformatory. corresponds to nothing \n\nregular \n\nas \n\nthe Post Office \n\nstaff. It is hoped to give him some increase \n\nof salary later on in \n\nanother post. \n\n$1200 to \n\nThe \n\nfast is $ \n\nsalary \n\nof \n\nall. Bullin \n\n$1500. \n\nhad \n\narrangements \n\nthink that in fixing these \n\nthat we \n\nto regularly draw \n\nought to say \n\nthey should \n\nThats the \n\nthe salaries of the post they occupy \n\nJa o 2301 \n\nand 2302 CPA \n\n(4)-48769--3000-9-01 \n\nthe excess \n\ntaking the form of personal allowance. \n\n96 \n\nWhen the starting scheme \n\ngets to those officers known they will beam that the s. ofs. thought Mr. Cuneven should have starting salary of £225 rising to \n\n£285, and all. Bullin £150 to £200. drew double exchange compensation, rather there for better off as they \n\nand an \n\nare. \n\nuntil \n\nA. F \n\nawe \n\nBoth offices \n\nThis paper has been delayed \n\nwe could see \n\nX \n\n19/6 \n\nthe you \n\nproposed, but \n\nused as \n\nthe Bish of on the general question \n\nof education. \n\n(1)? Proceed as \n\nwhen \n\nwe \n\nwrite to you. above the Reformation mode subject to the \n\nbuilding being \n\na \n\nPC MO \n\nConsidering (It is inta \n\ncrowded part \n\nsuitable. (Judging the site of the City) \n\n(2). I agree \n\n(3) In approving the appt given to Messrs. Cuneven and Bullin, I ask \n\nthat it is proposed that the \n\nsalary contemplated is in lieu of quarters which they that",
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    {
        "id": 384860,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 101,
        "title": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "100 :\n\n(the Belilios Reformatory Building for a British School in this the City of Victoria, the problem of giving an education to the European British children of the Colony will have been solved without any expenditure upon buildings. I have strong reasons for believing that the money devoted to British Education will be best expended by dividing it between two establishments, one in Victoria and one at Kowloon, and on this subject I beg to suggest that you will consult Mr. Irving during his residence in England. There seems to be now no doubt that so far as the purpose for which it was originally intended is concerned the Belilios Reformatory is a total failure and is not required in this Colony. The building has not been occupied by any children since it was opened, and is not at present utilised for any purpose whatever. It is admirably situated, as the Committee have stated in their Report for the purposes of an English School on the island of Hong Kong, owing to the large number of Englishmen employed in the neighbouring docks and workshops.\n\n8. If you concur in my opinion that the institution may as a Reformatory be abolished and devoted to the education of the children of British parents, it will be necessary to obtain the permission of Mr. E. R. Belilios, C.M.G. to change the character of his gift to the Colony and to turn it into a school; and it will be necessary in the second place to consider the cases of Messrs. Curwen and Bullin, who were obtained from England as Masters of the Reformatory at salaries of $1,488 and $960 per annum respectively and whose services in connection with the Reformatory...",
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    {
        "id": 384911,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 152,
        "title": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "1) \n\n151\n\n2. (5). Necessary and sanctioned for this year in C.S.O.768/102.\n\n(8-9). The impossibility of selecting any one site in Hong Kong which would be accessible to all the chief \"children centres\" forced itself early upon me. I had contemplated a launch service to collect the scholars, but it would not do. The separate existence of two schools is contemplated in the Report, section 60.\n\nThe Estimates for Victoria British School and the Kowloon British School are identical. I have not forgotten the recommendation contained in section 61 of the Report that a boarding house should be connected with the Victoria British School. There are, however, many technical and different points to be solved in connection with such a boarding house; and I prefer to let the whole question stand over until the school is opened, and I can profit by the opinions, formed upon the facts as seen by them, of the Headmaster and Mistress. I ask leave to select the Officers to fill these appointments myself when at home. A supplementary vote for the boarding house can, if necessary, be taken next year.\n\nI imagine that the consent of Mr. Belilios will have to be obtained to the proposed change in the use of the building presented by him to the Government. Also, that the Reformatory Act should be repealed.\n\n(10 & 11) Ordinary increases under the terms of these appointments, as approved in C.S.O.490/'01 and C.S.O.1844/'99.\n\n(12) These are the \"English Masters\" recommended in Sections 44 and 78 of the Report. One, a Chinese, has been engaged already, subject...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 384923,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 164,
        "title": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "in\n\nDistrict Schools at the salary to stated\n\n*) desirous of refund to above Stefan also\n\ntaken to select\n\nbeing\n\nand send out to\n\ntwo\n\nthe Colony two Junior Assistant Masters for\n\na\n\nthe same\n\nsalary, and\n\nI shall be glad to\n\nknow whether\n\nyou\n\nwish\n\nthe candidate to\n\nbe selected to fill the\n\npost\n\nin that colony's\n\ncaused by the\n\nvacancy, transfer of Mr. J.W. Jones to the post of Details Registrar and Accountant of the Supreme\n\ncourt.\n\n3.\n\nA letter has\n\nbeen addressed to\n\nMr. R. Belilios, CMG\n\nenquiring\n\nwhether he would\n\n(for\n\nQueen's College)\n\nconsent to the conversion\n\ninto a school, for the\n\neducation of children of European parentage,\n\nthe\n\nbuilding\n\nwhich he\n\n163\n\npresented to the Colony\n\nfor the purpose of Reformatory\n\n4. I take this\n\nopportunity of explaining that I had deferred the consideration of the changes in staff justified\n\nin the schedule for the first quarter of the year which was enclosed\n\nvide Despatch No. 12.\n\nGascoigne's\n\nletter\n\nof\n\n30th ultimo, pending the receipt of further details\n\nregard to the appointment of Mr. J. T. Bullen to be First Clerk in the\n\n...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7].txt",
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    {
        "id": 384924,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 165,
        "title": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "8th\n\nRegistron - General - Dep? Gin W. J. Gascoigne's desp. Nr. 179 of the\n\nthe May furnished, explanations which I required, in regard to this aff\". I have dealt with the latter desp in my drf. the general question of education in\n\nI have and\n\ninform you\n\nHaykay:\n\nnov\n\nthat I\n\nbefore the affix changes\n\nSoferlich, in the aff\" of which,\n\nthe emoluments exceed\n\n600\n\nyear\n\nwhich was\n\nreported in the desp\n\nof\n\n30 April.\n\nJoss\n\n5.\n\nI assume\n\nthat the increase in Mr Bullen's emoluments and the contemplated increase Mr. Curvan's, in\n\nintended as\n\ncompensation\n\nfor the loss of the free quarters\n\nother affry Reformatory, the attached to their aff. at the Reforma\n\nDRAFT.\n\n23/02\n\nYou\n\nHong Kong Sing\n\n164\n\nSept. 20\n\nSu\n\nEd by\n\nChamberla\n\n&. R. Belition Esq. CMG\n\nMINUTE.\n\nMr. Fiddian\n\nGrem 3\n\nMr.\n\nMr. Antrobus.\n\nMr. Cox,\n\nMr. Lucas.\n\nMr. Graham.\n\nL\n\nSir M. Ommunney,\n\nEarl of Onslow.\n\nMr. Chamberlain.\n\n319\n\n3df657\n\n(1550\n\nSam directed\n\nMr. Secretary\n\nto inform you that he\n\nto ban form regrets\n\nthe E.C. of Hongkong that after a year's\n\nexperience it has become\n\nevident that the\n\npurpose for which you liberally presented the Reformatory Building named after\n\nyour\n\nto the\n\nColony of Haykay\n\nhas not\n\nbeen fulfilled\n\nnot being\n\nthe building\n\nbeen occupied by any\n\nbuilding)",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7].txt",
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    {
        "id": 384925,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 166,
        "title": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "hidden since it was offered and \n\n2. Sir W. J. \n\nGascoigne adds that the \n\ntruly during the \n\nsent \n\nis not at \n\nutilised for any further education, and \n\nthat it is clear that, \n\nReformatory \n\nrequired in \n\n3. \n\nis not \n\nHaughan. Under these \n\ncircumstances Sir \n\nChamberlain would have alternative but to acquiesce, more or less reluctantly, in the absence of the \n\nReformatory suggestion has however been made by the colonial government, \n\nthat you may be willing to consent. As the \n\nbuilding being destined to another object of \n\nthe \n\nanother school of some kind being \n\nbeen opened having \n\nin Hong Kong \n\npublic importance, was the establishment of a school for \n\nchildren of European British parentage, and it \n\nChamberlain would be \n\nglad to know whether \n\nyou are authorised to \n\nsanction that \n\nemployment of your \n\ngift for this purpose. 4. I am being \n\npointed out that by this course the building would still be utilised for educational purposes \n\nand that considerable \n\npublic funds would \n\nbe saved a considerable expenditure which at the present juncture \n\nwould be ill-afforded \n\nI am, Sir.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7].txt",
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    {
        "id": 385738,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-312 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1902 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 343,
        "title": "CO129-312 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1902 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "## 10\n\n(d) **Po Leung Kuk**\n\nThis is a Society, under the supervision of Government, for the protection of women and children. It has done much good work in connection with the suppression of brothel slavery, which was in Hongkong and still is in China, one of the gravest social evils. If the Registrar-General, who acts as President of the Society, has reason to believe that a girl is being sold into a life of prostitution against her will, or if she is, in his opinion, of too tender an age to judge for herself as to her mode of life, she is sent into the Po Leung Kuk, where she is fed, lodged, and, unless she has relatives who will receive her, appropriately educated until she has an opportunity of making a respectable marriage or of earning an honest livelihood by her own exertions. The institution is managed by a number of Chinese gentlemen who are annually elected as a Managing Committee.\n\nThe number of women and children admitted into the Home during the year was 389, being 52 more than in 1900. 187 were restored direct to parents or relatives or were sent to some Benevolent Society in China, 3 were adopted, 5 placed at school, and 50 were married.\n\n(e) **Reformatory**\n\nThe Belilios Reformatory, presented to the Colony by Mr. E. R. Belilios, C.M.G., has not been occupied. It has been proposed to make use of the building, with the donor's consent, by turning it into a School. The matter is at present under consideration.\n\n(f) **Savings Bank**\n\nThere is no Post Office Savings Bank in Hongkong. A branch of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation takes the place of such an institution in this Colony.\n\n(g) **Police**\n\nThe total strength of the Police Force, which stood at 630 in 1898, 827 in 1899, and 929 in 1900, now stands at 920, including 145 Europeans, 366 Indians and 409 Chinese. The gradual diminution in armed robberies and lawlessness in the New Territory made it possible to withdraw a number of men from that part of the Colony during the year to strengthen the force in the City of Victoria and Kowloon. The executive staff now consists of a Captain Superintendent, a Deputy Superintendent and two Assistant Superintendents. The conduct of all the contingents is reported to have been satisfactory.\n\nSince the middle of the year, the Chinese Provincial Authorities have maintained a force of soldiery along the northern boundary of the New Territory, who have co-operated with our Police in preventing the incursion of armed robbers into the Colony.\n\n## (4) **Prison**\n\nThe daily average of prisoners confined in Victoria Gaol was 499, as compared with 486 for the year 1900. There were 180 convicts in the Gaol on the 31st December, 1901, against 141 on the same date in 1900, 96 in 1899, 55 in 1898. This shows an increase of 125% during the past 3 years. This large increase is synchronous with and largely attributable to the inclusion of the New Territory in the Colony.\n\nThe total profit of all industrial labour amounted to $24,783 as compared with $17,458 for the preceding year. All minor repairs to the Gaol have been carried out by prison labour. A new wing was completed and occupied by long-sentence prisoners early in the year.\n\nThe question of extending the Prison accommodation in the Colony has been for some time engaging the attention of the Government.\n\nThe Superintendent of the Gaol is also Captain Superintendent of Police, and is assisted by an Assistant Superintendent, a medical officer, chaplains, and European and Indian warders.\n\n## 11\n\n(1) **Fire Brigade**\n\nThe Superintendent of Fire Brigade is also Captain Superintendent of Police and Superintendent of Victoria Gaol. The European members of the Brigade, with the exception of the Engineer, are also members of the Police Force voluntarily enlisted, and for their services in the Brigade they receive a small addition to their pay. There are also a number of Chinese foremen and engine-drivers. The Brigade possesses a powerful floating fire engine for use in the Harbour, four land steam engines, and 29 despatch boxes. The 5 fire engines were all built by Messrs. Shand & Mason.\n\nThere were 58 fires and 84 incipient fires during the year, and the Brigade turned out 57 times. The estimated damage caused by the fires was $630,381 and by the incipient fires $212. The only year in which greater damage was done by fire was 1898, when the total damage was $829,814.\n\nTowards the end of the year the work of extinguishing fires was rendered more arduous by the drought and the consequent want of water in the mains.\n\n## VII - Judicial Statistics\n\nThe number of Convictions in the Superior Courts during the last 4 years are as follow:\n\n| Year | For Offences against the Person | For Offences against Property | For other Offences |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1898 | 19 | 3 | 54 |\n| 1899 | 49 | 10 | 54 |\n| 1900 | 17 | 7 | 12 |\n| 1901 | 18 | 21 | 7 |\n\nThe total of all cases reported to the Police was 9,172 as against 9,873 in 1900. This represents a decrease of 7.10 per cent. In offences which are classed under the term \"serious\" there was a decrease of 128 cases or 3.62 per cent.; in Minor Offences a decrease of 573 cases or 9.03 per cent. Three men were arrested and convicted for being members of an unlawful (the Triad) society. There was a notable decrease in piracies and armed robberies, partly no doubt owing to the efficacy of recent legislation on the subject.\n\n## VIII - Vital Statistics\n\n(a) **Population**\n\nThe last Census was taken in January, 1901, when the population was found to be 283,975, exclusive of the Army and Navy. The numbers of those forces amounted to 7,640 and 5,597, respectively. In the middle of the year the population is estimated to have been as follows:\n\n| Category | Population |\n| --- | --- |\n| Non-Chinese Civil Population | 9,560 |\n| Chinese Population | 280,564 |\n| Army | 5,462 |\n| Navy | 5,074 |\n| Total | 300,660 |\n\nThe New Territory was not included in the recent Census, but a fairly accurate enumeration of its population was made. It numbers about 100,000, which brings the total population of the Colony up to rather over 400,000.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-312 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1902 [7-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 387454,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-315 - Public Offices & Others - 1902",
        "page_number": 207,
        "title": "CO129-315 - Public Offices & Others - 1902",
        "content_text": "## Green Park House, 134 Piccadilly.\n\n**C.M.G., C.P.LUCAS, Esq.**\n\nColonial Office, Downing Street.\n\n`23020/1902`\n\n## sir, C.0. 206 41550 -7\n\n6th October 1902.\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 6th September in which you ask on behalf of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, whether, as there is no need for a Reformatory in Hong-Kong, I am prepared to sanction the use of the building which I caused to be erected for Reformatory purposes, as a school in Victoria for the children of European British parents.\n\nIn reply I beg that you will inform Mr. Chamberlain that I have much pleasure in placing the building in question at his absolute disposal, unconditionally. I would point out however that no parallel can be drawn between a school such as the Secretary of State proposes and that recently opened at Kowloon. The latter is in the middle of the suburb of Kowloon and there is a considerable number of British residents there. The Reformatory building is a mile or more from the centre of Victoria and very few European residents indeed are in its neighbourhood. I would therefore suggest that it should be treated as a mixed school by the \n\n-1-",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-315 - Public Offices & Others - 1902.txt",
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    {
        "id": 387455,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-315 - Public Offices & Others - 1902",
        "page_number": 208,
        "title": "CO129-315 - Public Offices & Others - 1902",
        "content_text": "## Page 207\n\nEducation Department, available for Chinese, Eurasian and European children, and that there should be a technical class attached to it which would be of interest to the Chinese students and of great ultimate advantage to the community in general.\n\nI regret to hear that a retrograde step has been taken in the Colony as regards Education by Dr. Wright and that the improvement adopted so successfully by Sir William Robinson is being departed from and that an undue preference is being given to the instruction of Chinese.\n\nThe main object of Education in Hong-Kong is to convert the Chinese youths into loyal and useful British subjects. To endeavour to teach them Chinese is a waste of time and productive of no advantage. I therefore hope that the Secretary of State will insist upon English only being taught in the Reformatory building. I enclose a few rough notes which I have prepared on the general subject and shall be glad to wait on the Secretary of State and give him further information if he should require it.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour obedient Servant,\n\nW. Boelhos\n\n-2-",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-315 - Public Offices & Others - 1902.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 387456,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-315 - Public Offices & Others - 1902",
        "page_number": 209,
        "title": "CO129-315 - Public Offices & Others - 1902",
        "content_text": "## A FEW ROUGH NOTES \non \n## THE GENERAL SUBJECT OF EDUCATION \nin \n## HONG KONG, \n208 \nC. O. \n41550 \n\nKowloon is separated from Hong-Kong by the Harbour. There was no school there where English was taught, whereas in Victoria there are several schools both public and private. The Belilios Public School supplies such a want as that suggested by the Colonial Government, for classes are held therein, confined to European children, and any such proposed school will be a heavy drag on the revenue of the Colony. The present Reformatory building is out of town; there are no facilities in the way of conveniences to reach it, and therefore very few children will avail themselves of such a proposed school. Moreover, if I remember rightly, Dr. Wright of the Queen's College has classes exclusively for European children. A Technical School is wanted in the Colony. We require Natives who will be content with -1-",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-315 - Public Offices & Others - 1902.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 387457,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-315 - Public Offices & Others - 1902",
        "page_number": 210,
        "title": "CO129-315 - Public Offices & Others - 1902",
        "content_text": "209\n\n**moderate fees to be educated in the various handicrafts.**\nBeing born in the country, they can stand the climate better than Europeans. A Technical School, I feel confident, will be a success.\n\nThere is no such institution in Hong-Kong nor in any of the ports of China, and the Reformatory building being built with boarding accommodation will be found exactly adapted to the purpose. Students from all parts of South China will avail themselves of it. As an instance of the willingness of the Chinese to be educated in Western learning, may I quote the following. There has been for years an institution in Hong-Kong called \"The College of Medicine for Chinese\", and all the medical men in the Colony support it by giving free lectures to the Chinese Students. It has no habitation, though a few years ago I offered land and a new building to supply this want, and Sir William Robinson, who was then administrating the Government of the Colony, supported the project by recommending it to the Legislative Council. This body, however, threw cold water.\n\n-2-\n\nPage 210  \nPage 211",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-315 - Public Offices & Others - 1902.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 389189,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 92,
        "title": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "## DESPATCH\n\n**C.O. 3192/91**\n\nRece Red 27 AUG 03\n\nquestion of providing return passages. I will, if you so desire and earn... probation for the six years in future.\n\n& to obtain passages for the Governor. No. Blake 360 1903 books the aug... experience shows that in cases the sole condition greatly increases the difficulty of obtaining suitable candidates.\n\nrelin 7 34 passage b m 5 d the... bling terminated at the adopted subject to the usual stipulation of us... A han\n\nThe event of 4. during the currency of the term, of patine but... \n\nWidow & others Fund contributions with requins. Amendment not t Hesse contributions paid until the abpantment was mache formanent to the probation or not bring continued.\n\n21 21 July Last previous Paper. You Goo 10909 I think kelis CP No 3192.\n\n**(Subject.)**\n\nSahvol in Belitivos Reformiatory it will be establish necessary or elsewhere: Reformatory utilised as a Prison: Lucas in two or three years to how being.\n\n**(Minutes.)**\n\nhi Balilio would probably ha the building Givered to lear in bun. bring and used that a a Prisan on didit promise further commi catin 3 a not sure whether be in still. in England the ough this I h.\n\nWB & L (78)--1880-20000-23- \n\nNext subsequent Paper. discord if necessay. se CPL ? Puth PU 2968. once at o CA",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 390243,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-319 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [10-11]",
        "page_number": 519,
        "title": "CO129-319 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [10-11]",
        "content_text": "# No. 596.\n\n**Hongkong**\n\n## Government House\n\n44088  \nReal 7 DEC 03  \n\nHongkong, 4th November, 1903.  \n512  \nSir,  \n26977  \n\nWith reference to my Despatch No. 302 of the 19th June last, in which I reported the excessively overcrowded state of Victoria Gaol and the steps taken to remedy that state of matters, culminating in the release of 100 short-sentence prisoners, I have the honour to inform you that on the 1st ultimo the Superintendent of the Gaol reported that the number of prisoners confined in Victoria Gaol and the Belilios Reformatory at that date was no less than 838, of whom 100 were confined in the latter building, and that special measures would have to be taken to provide sleeping accommodation for so large a number.\n\n2. As the dangers arising from overcrowding were very considerable and the measures proposed to increase the sleeping accommodation inadequate from a sanitary standpoint, I decided, after consulting my Executive Council, to issue banishment orders against 150 selected prisoners. Most of these were short-sentence prisoners convicted of larceny, while no less than 29 were undergoing the usual term of 12 months' imprisonment for returning to the Colony after they had been banished. These prisoners have been banished in small batches.\n\n**The Right Honourable  \nThe Secretary of State for the  \nColonies.**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-319 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [10-11].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 392680,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-322 - Acting Governor May - 1904 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 699,
        "title": "CO129-322 - Acting Governor May - 1904 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "pre- \n\nsuperstructure of the Law Courts and Harbour Office before the close of the year, and the extension of the Tytam Reservoir was nearly completed. The foundations of the main dam for the Kowloon Waterworks, which is to be 90 feet in height above the level of the ground, were ready to receive concrete; a large covered service reservoir to contain two million gallons was well advanced; and the preparation of a site for the filter-beds and the cutting of a tunnel for the main from the reservoir were in progress. In consequence of the inadequacy of the water supply to meet the growing demands of the City of Victoria and pending the construction of permanent works in the Tytam Tuk Valley for augmenting the supply, a temporary pumping engine capable of raising half a million gallons daily was erected there and the necessary main laid to the Tytam tunnel. A small dam to impound the ordinary flow of the stream during dry weather was also constructed. Trial works were in progress throughout the year in Tytam Tuk Inlet for the purpose of determining a suitable site for the construction of a dam to impound over 1,000 million gallons, but had not been concluded at the end of the year. The reconstruction of the street gullies throughout the City was undertaken principally on sanitary grounds, one object being to confine sewage to the sewers and exclude it from the storm-water drains. In consequence of the large exports of cattle from Hongkong to the Philippines considerable extensions of the depôts had to be undertaken. The accommodation provided is being increased from 480 to 1,241 head of cattle. Some extensive operations in the way of training the mountain streams were carried out, largely with a view to ridding residential areas of the anopheles mosquito.\n\nThe total amount expended on Public Works Extraordinary, exclusive of the Praya Reclamation was $629,831, and on works annually recurrent $529,551.\n\n# VI. GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS\n\n(a) HOSPITALS.\n\nGovernment Hospitals consist of the Civil Hospital, to which is attached an isolated Maternity Hospital, the Victoria Hospital for Women and Children, Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital, and the hulk Hygeia which is also used for the treatment of infectious diseases.\n\nThe Civil Hospital contains 150 beds in 20 wards. 2,794 in-patients and 11,911 out-patients were treated during the year 1903. 346 cases of malarial fever were admitted as against 349 in 1902 and 787 in 1901. The Maternity Hospital contains 6 beds for Europeans and 4 for Asiatics. 62 confinements occurred during the year, without death.\n\nThe Victoria Hospital was opened towards the end of the year by Sir HENRY BLAKE. It is situated on the higher levels and is therefore better adapted for the treatment of children than the Civil Hospital. It contains 41 beds. Kennedy Town Hospital contains 26 beds in the main building. In 1903, 400 cases were treated, of which 301 were cases of Plague, 61 of Small-pox, and 2 of Cholera.\n\n(b) LUNATIC ASYLUM.\n\nThe Asylum is under the direction of the Superintendent of the Civil Hospital. European and Chinese patients are separated, the European portion containing 8 beds in separate wards and the Chinese portion 16 beds. 155 patients of all races were treated during 1903, and there were 12 deaths.\n\n(c) THE TUNG WA HOSPITAL.\n\nThis hospital is mainly supported by the voluntary subscriptions of Chinese, but receives an annual grant of $6,000 from the Government. A new wing was opened by Sir HENRY BLAKE in 1903. Only Chinese are treated in this institution, which takes the place of a poor-house and hospital for Chinese sick and destitute. Chinese as well as European methods of treatment are employed in accordance with the wishes expressed by the patients or their friends. The hospital is managed by a Committee of Chinese gentlemen annually elected, their appointment being submitted to the Governor for confirmation.\n\nOTHER GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS.\n\nThe Prison, Observatory, Post Office, Educational Establishments and other Government institutions are dealt with under separate heads.\n\n# VII. INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT.\n\nAmong institutions recognized and encouraged but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Po Leung Kuk, the College of Medicine for Chinese, and the City Hall. The Po Leung Kuk is an institution presided over by the Registrar General and an annually-elected Committee of twelve Chinese gentlemen, for the protection of women and children. The inmates of the Home receive daily instruction in elementary subjects and are allowed to earn pocket-money by needle-work. During 1903 a total of 826 persons were admitted, of whom 632 were women, 134 young girls, and 60 small boys. Of these, 360 were restored to their parents or sent to charitable institutions in China, 24 were sent to missionary schools and convents, 22 were married, 15 adopted, and 409 allowed to leave. The Home is medically attended by one of the Colonial Surgeons.\n\nThe Hongkong College of Medicine for Chinese was founded in 1887, for the purpose of teaching surgery, medicine and obstetrics to Chinese. The government of the College is vested in the Court, of which the Rector of the College, who has always been a Government official, is President. 78 students have been enrolled up to the end of 1903, and of these 19 have become qualified licentiates and have obtained various posts under Government and elsewhere. The institution is of great value in spreading a knowledge of Western medical science among the Chinese; and in addition to the employment of certain of the licentiates in the public service the senior students have frequently been made use of for various purposes during epidemics. A Government grant-in-aid of $2,500 is made to the College, to be used as honoraria to the lecturers.\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a reference library and a museum.\n\n# VIII. CRIMINAL AND POLICE.\n\nThe total of all cases reported to the Police was 11,251, as against 10,421 in 1902, being an increase of 830 or 7.86 per cent. In the division of these cases into Serious and Minor Offences there appears an increase, as compared with 1902, of 863 cases or 21.58 per cent. in the former, and a decrease of 33 cases or 0.51 per cent. in the latter. The increase in crime was principally in respect of larceny.\n\nThe Police Force is composed of a Captain Superintendent, a Deputy and 2 Assistant Superintendents, and three contingents of Europeans, Indians and Chinese. The European contingent consists of 133 men, the Chinese of 421, and the Indian of 267, making a grand total of 821 besides the superior officers already named and a staff of clerks and coolies. Of this Force, one Assistant Superintendent (who also acts as Police Magistrate) and 14 Europeans, 96 Indians and 43 Chinese were stationed in the New Territory during the greater part of the year. After September the number of Indians was reduced to 80.\n\nThe number of prisoners admitted to Victoria Gaol under the sentences of the ordinary Courts was 7,144, besides 74 soldiers and sailors sentenced by Courts Martial. The daily average number of prisoners confined in the Gaol was 653, the largest number on record. In 1902 the number was 576, and in 1901 it was 499. As a means of relieving the congested state of the Gaol pending the erection of a Convict Prison the Beilios Reformatory was fitted up as a temporary prison, and short-sentence prisoners are now located in that building. The remunerative labour carried on in the Gaol consists of printing and book-binding, carpentry, boot-making, knitting, painting and whitewashing, mat-making, oakum-picking, &c. The value of the earnings during the year amounted to $31,489.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-322 - Acting Governor May - 1904 [1-5].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 393244,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-323 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1904 [6-7]",
        "page_number": 425,
        "title": "CO129-323 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1904 [6-7]",
        "content_text": "326.\n\nNo.\n\nHongkong.\n\nGovernment House,\n\nC\n\n423\n\n33388\n\nRev Jer 26 SEP 04!\n\nHongkong, 26th August, 1904.\n\nlosure!\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to enclose a copy of a Petition recently presented to me praying for the establishment of a School for children of European British Parentage on the Island of Hongkong.\n\n2.\n\nIt will be within your knowledge that the Committee which reported in 1901 on the Educational System of the Colony recommended that two schools, one at Victoria and one at Kowloon, should be opened by Government for children born in the Colony of British parents. In his Despatch No.300 of the 12th September, 1902, Mr. Chamberlain, in commenting on the Committee's recommendation, indicated that Government might reasonably provide or give facilities for separate schools if asked for by particular sections of the Community on reasonable grounds and with adequate backing.\n\nThe Kowloon School was established, but the suggestion of the Committee that the Victoria School should be located in the building presented to the Colony as a Reformatory by Mr. Belilios, C.M.G., necessitated correspondence in England with that gentleman. The last Despatch on the subject was No.360 of the 21st July, 1903, in which Sir Henry\n\nRIGHT HONOURABLE\n\nALFRED LYTTELTON, K.C., M.P.\n\n&C\n\nBlake\n\n&C\n\n&C\n\n&0.1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-323 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1904 [6-7].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 393245,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-323 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1904 [6-7]",
        "page_number": 426,
        "title": "CO129-323 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1904 [6-7]",
        "content_text": "424\n\ni\n\nBlake stated that the opening of the school in Victoria was not a pressing necessity, but that it was probable that the growing needs of the population would in the near future render such a school desirable.\n\n4.\n\nThe Petition which I now forward to you is largely signed by members, principally of the middle class, of the European population. The want which they emphasize is one that it is in my opinion desirable to supply, and the success that has attended the opening of the British School in Kowloon, where the number of pupils is now 59, furnishes a strong argument for giving similar facilities in Hongkong. I accordingly request your approval to my acceding to the Petition and pending the receipt of that approval am making the necessary provision in the Estimates for 1905.\n\n5.\n\nThe Belilios Reformatory is not now available for use as a School. It is, as you are aware, being utilised as a Prison and it is not possible to disturb that arrangement until a new Gaol is constructed and for this funds cannot conveniently be provided at the present time. The Government School-house at Tung Lung Chau which is a little nearer the central part of Victoria than the Reformatory, can however be made available. Part of this building is at present used as a Vernacular School which Mr. May in his Despatch No. 165 of the 18th of April recommended should be closed, an Anglo-Chinese School being opened in its place. You approved this suggestion in your Despatch No. 179 of the 10th of June, and if you now sanction the opening of a British School in the building I propose that a floor of a Chinese house be rented in the neighbourhood for use as an Anglo-Chinese School.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-323 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1904 [6-7].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 419122,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-356 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 231,
        "title": "CO129-356 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "Page 221\n\n3.\n\nI cannot find that this decision of the Secretary of State was ever communicated to this Government, or that the views of this Government were ever asked for with regard to a ruling which imposes, without the consent of the Legislative Council, a heavy liability on this Colony. Moreover, I have the honour to point out that the accommodation in Victoria Gaol is very limited and that the Colonial Government has for some years past been in difficulties in the matter. A branch prison was for a time opened at the Belilios Reformatory and the question of building a new Gaol was frequently discussed and was only put aside for the time being as the Colony was unable to afford the outlay involved.\n\n4.\n\nIn these circumstances it may at any time become necessary owing to want of space to refuse admission into Victoria Gaol to prisoners convicted by His Britannic Majesty's Courts for Sian: and in no case can the Colony afford to pay the expense of their maintenance.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nMy Lord,\n\nYour Lordship's most obedient,\n\nhumble servant,\n\nHuggins\n\nGovernor, &c..\n\nPage 223",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-356 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [4-6].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 419747,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 293,
        "title": "CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "Hi fotuno hur. :205\n\nThis building has a curiously varied history.\n\nThe land presented to the government by Raphael Belilios, a wealthy merchant, was notable for his penchant for decorating Lord Beaconsfield's statue for the purpose of Reformation. It was just in 1898 & it was purposed to open it at the beginning of 1901. Haughing went to considerable expense in getting teachers from England to instruct the inmates in industries. Then they found that no need for a Reformatory waited.\n\nWhen it came their way, the government decided that it ought to find some use for the building. They proposed therefore that it should be converted into a school for European children. – an unfortunate proposal seeing that partly Armenian & partly Hebrew, Mr Belilios grandly said that he placed the building entirely at the disposal of the government though he would rather it was used for a mixed school of a charitable character.\n\nProceedings throughout were on the principle of acting first + thinking afterwards, decided not to use it as a School at all. For some time it was left empty.\n\nSince Jan 1908, it has been proposed to use it as a Refuge. It is perhaps more in keeping with the original purpose than any of the former suggestions.\n\nIt is unfortunate that it passed into the control of an Anglican body, as the donor was of a different faith, but his son approves.\n\nIn his letter, 41550/02, it is clear that Belilios would have agreed: he placed the building unconditionally at the absolute disposal of the government.\n\n? Approve ALC 13/9 73",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 419748,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 294,
        "title": "CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "No.224.\n\nHongkong.\n\nMy Lord,\n\n  \n    £9725\n    202\n    287\n  \n\nTECP 6 SEP 20\n\nGovernment House,\n\nHongkong, 5th August, 1909.\n\n(1390), Wt, 20024-26, 6000, 11/08, A, & E, W, (8327).\n\n31\n\n1081-7. 6000. 4/09.\n\nI have the honour to transmit for\n\nYour Lordship's information copy of the correspondence\n\nnoted in the margin on the subject of the transfer of the\n\nBelilios Reformatory to the Committee of the Eyre Diocesan\n\nRefuge.\n\n  \n    the News.\n    Mr. G. a. sunbury:\n    27.10.08.\n  \n  \n    Colonial Secretary\n    6.1.09\n    \n  \n  \n    Mr.R.C. Boletos:\n    12.1.09\n    \n  \n  \n    the Colonial Secretary\n    20. 5. 09\n    \n  \n  \n    the Right Revs. the Bishop of Victoria:\n    2.7.09\n    31924\n  \n\n2.\n\nAt the close of Sir Henry Blake's Despatch No. 360 of the 21st July, 1903, it was explained\n\nthat the Reformatory was being utilized as a branch prison\n\nuntil the congestion at Victoria Gaol could be otherwise\n\nrelieved. Owing to the decrease in the number of prisoners\n\nsentenced in the Colony it became possible to close the\n\nbranch prison in January, 1908; and, as I am satisfied\n\nthat to use the Reformatory as a prison is not in accordance with the conditions of the bequest, I have gladly\n\nacceded to the request of the Committee of the Eyre\n\nDiocesan Refuge that the building should be used as a\n\nReformatory\n\nTHE RIGHT HONOURABLE\n\nTHE EARL OF CREWE,\n\n&c.\n\n&c...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 419749,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 295,
        "title": "CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "283\n\nReformatory for women and young girls. I accordingly gave the Committee possession of the building on the 12th ultimo.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nMy Lord,\n\nYour Lordship's most obedient,\n\nhumble servant,\n\nHarcourt\n\nGovernor, &c.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 419751,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 297,
        "title": "CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "Page 200\n\nFrom the Hon. The Colonial Secretary to Mr. R. E. Belilios.\n\nColonial Secretary's Office,\n\nHongkong, 5th January, 1909.\n\nI am directed to inform you that the building presented to the Colony by your father as a Reformatory for boys, has for some years past been used as a Branch Prison, since it was found that there were no boys sent to it by the Magistrates, and it was therefore useless for its original purpose and had become merely an incubus on the Colony.\n\nHis Excellency has not felt satisfied, however, that this arrangement carried out the intentions of the Donor, and on this point he desires me to invite an expression of your views.\n\nHe has it under consideration to use the building as a Reformatory for women and young girls, a project which he feels sure you will concur in thinking as nearly approaches the intentions of the Donor as the circumstances of today admit.\n\nI am, etc,\n\n(sd) F. H. May,\n\nColonial Secretary.\n\nR. E. Belilios Esq.\n\nPage 201",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 419752,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 298,
        "title": "CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "COP X.\n\nSir,\n\n201\n\nFrom Mr. R. E. Belilios to the Hon. The Colonial Secretary.\n\nHongkong 12th January, 1909.\n\nI have pleasure in acknowledging receipt of your letter 8901/08 of the 5th inst. regarding the Belilios Reformatory.\n\nI heartily concur with the views of His Excellency the Governor in that the Building will be used as a reformatory for women and young girls and I feel sure under the circumstances it will as nearly as possible be carrying out the intentions of my late father.\n\nWill you however allow me to put forward the following further suggestion for His Excellency's consideration? I suggest that the inmates should during their confinement have regular instruction in the learning of a trade so as to enable them on their release to earn an honest living and so prevent them degenerating.\n\nI am etc.,\n\n(sd.)\n\nR. E. Belilios.\n\nThe Hon.\n\nMr. F. H. May, C.M.G.,\n\nColonial Secretary.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 419753,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 299,
        "title": "CO129-357 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "Page 29725\n\nVIAJE7D82 Ietnoico ariT.coil and od solitteä.4.4.4% mort\n\n,ytounet djèl adolecol\n\nO O P I.\n\n***\n\nSir,\n\nC.O\n\n| 29725 |\n\n292\n\nGEG? G SEP O\n\nFrom the Hon.The Colonial Secretary to the Rt.Rev.\n\nThe Bishop of Victoria.\n\nColonial Secretary's Office.\n\nHongkong,\n\n20th May,\n\n1909.\n\nwoy to Jgieser tatabelwondor at ewazely avert 1 yrojemïotaя nolltisë art subager moht dat esta te Bolzoen zetjel\n\nyonelfear all lo awolv ada date suonoo giljased I\n\n(Tods#Toter s Je beau ed IIte gaibitwi edi dará at rodievod sad\n\naconsjamworto edd neww ewa Iset i ham sinig gwoy bar fraTOW 70%\n\nanoijnetni sad two antyrwo ed eld?auoq as vitaen na lil# J£\n\nredat øðaf ya to\n\ngniwollot sɗid biawoʻl dug od om volle tevanod woy IIEW\n\nI\n\nTakanohkanoo aromation tota\n\nevad jnegentinos xlors gaitub bliuofa andarii erið jada deogara\n\neldane of as oa obert a to patrisef ont al maldeirattal telugor\n\nJuevenq ca bra galvli Jaomod de reuse et osaelos atorid no merid\n\n»saitateangebot treat\n\note wa I\n\n(ha)\n\n++D.M.O\n\n+ CaM« H. T. TIM\n\n• VIatszoea Jainoloo\n\nIn reply to your letter of the 14th instant I am\n\ndirected to inform you that, subject to the sanction of the\n\nSecretary of State for the Colonies, His Excellency the Governor\n\nis prepared to offer the use of the Belillos Reformatory to the\n\nEyre's Diocesan Refuge on the following conditions viz :-\n\n(a) that the Government may resume possession at any time\n\non 6 months notice: and that, if resumed, the buildings must be\n\nhanded over to the Government in good repair. It will be\n\nunderstood that the Government will exercise this right if the\n\nestablishment were not conducted on lines that the Government\n\napproved, or if the Refuge failed financially and became a\n\ntax upon the Government.\n\n(b) that it is used as a refuge for women and children,\n\nincluding a home for European women of bad character who desire\n\nto reform.\n\n(c) that the Registrar General and any other officer acting\n\nunder the Government's instructions has access at all times\n\nto the institution for purposes of inspection.\n\n(d) that the Governor may, if he sees fit, appoint an\n\nofficer on the Committee of the institution.\n\n2.\n\nThe Director of Public Works will inspect the\n\nbuilding\n\nPage 292\n\nPage 292\n\nPage 29725",
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        "id": 432306,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-379 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 56,
        "title": "CO129-379 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "## VI-GOVERNMENT AND AIDED INSTITUTIONS\n\n### (a) HOSPITALS\n\nGovernment Hospitals consist of the Civil Hospital to which is attached an isolated Maternity Hospital, the Victoria Hospital for Women and Children, and the Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital. There is an Observation Station capable of accommodating 1,500 persons in the event of an outbreak of infectious disease in a ship arriving in the Harbour.\n\nThe Civil Hospital contains 150 beds in 19 wards. 2,014 in-patients and 17,759 out-patients were treated during 1910. 340 cases of malarial fever were admitted as against 188 in 1909 and 279 in 1908. The Maternity Hospital contains 6 beds for Europeans and 4 for Asiatics. 107 confinements occurred during the year. The Victoria Hospital at the Peak contains 41 beds. During 1910, 344 patients were under treatment. Kennedy Town Hospital contains 26 beds. In 1910, 19 cases were treated, 9 being Small-pox.\n\n### (b) LUNATIC ASYLUM\n\nThe Asylum is under the direction of the Superintendent of the Civil Hospital. European and Chinese patients are separated, the European portion containing 8 beds in separate wards and the Chinese portion 16 beds. 195 patients of all races were treated during 1910 and there were 9 deaths.\n\n### (c) THE TUNG WAH AND OTHER CHINESE HOSPITALS\n\nThis hospital, opened in 1872, is mainly supported by the voluntary subscriptions of Chinese, but receives an annual grant of $8,000 from the Government. Only Chinese are treated in this institution. Various other services not appertaining to a hospital are performed by the institution such as the free burial of the poor, the repatriation of destitutes, and the organisation of charitable relief in emergencies. Chinese as well as European methods of treatment are employed in accordance with the wishes expressed by the patients or their friends. About half the number are now treated by Western methods. The Hospital is managed by a Committee of Chinese gentlemen annually elected, their appointment being submitted to the Governor for confirmation. It is under the supervision of a visiting physician who is a member of the Medical Department, whilst a Chinese house surgeon trained in Western medicine is a member of the hospital staff.\n\n## 17\n\nThe Alice Memorial and Affiliated Hospitals are managed and controlled by the missionaries resident in Hongkong, agents of the London Missionary Society. They consist of the Alice Memorial Hospital opened in 1887, the Nethersole Hospital opened in 1893, the Alice Memorial Maternity Hospital opened in 1904 and the Ho Miu Ling Hospital opened in 1906. The number of in-patients in 1910 was 1,253 and the expenditure $12,600. The number of labours in the Maternity Hospital was 244. The Government makes a grant of $300 per annum to these Hospitals.\n\nTo avoid the complete seclusion from friends and relatives which a removal of Chinese Plague patients to the Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital entailed, three District Plague Hospitals are now maintained by the Chinese in various parts of the Colony and a fourth is being built. They are under the management of the Chinese Public Dispensaries Committee and receive a grant of $2,000 a year from the Government.\n\nThe erection of the new Kwong Wah hospital for Chinese in the Kowloon Peninsula is complete, all but the servants' quarters. It occupies a site having an area of 3 acres and as designed will ultimately provide accommodation for 210 patients. The existing buildings contain accommodation for 70 patients. The collection of subscriptions and the supervision of the building were undertaken by a special committee under the chairmanship of the Registrar General, but when completed the hospital will form part of the Tung Wah Hospital and be under the same management. This hospital will receive a grant of $8,500 per annum from the Government.\n\n## VII-INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT\n\nAmong institutions recognised and encouraged but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Po Leung Kuk, the Eyre Refuge, the Hongkong College of Medicine, the City Hall, and the Chinese Public Dispensaries.\n\nThe Po Leung Kuk is a Chinese Society founded in 1878 for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings. It was incorporated in 1893 and is presided over by the Registrar General and not more than nine directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society.\n\nThe Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance and almost all women and girls detained by the Registrar General under that Ordinance are sent to the Po Leung Kuk. During 1910 the number of persons admitted was 504 and at the close of the year 46 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\nThe Eyre Diocesan Refuge is an institution under mission auspices founded for rescue work among the Chinese. It is now housed in the Belilios Reformatory and receives a small grant from the Government and also a contribution from the Po Leung Kuk.\n\n16 \n\nThe health of the staff and the workmen engaged during construction was good.\n\nThe Section was opened for Public Traffic on the 1st October and the takings to the end of December have been $33,980.35.\n\nThe Expenditure against the Loan Account during the year was approximately $1,965,338.50, making a total to end of 1910 of $11,884,127.76.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-379 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [8-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 437308,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-388 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1912 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 361,
        "title": "CO129-388 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1912 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "IC O P Y.\n\nEnclosure 1.\n\nSir,\n\n354\n\nC O 3017\n\nH. I. J. M's Consulate-General\n\n23 MAR 12\n\nHongkong, 16th December, 1911.\n\nI have the honour to inform you that the Japanese Community in this Colony is now contemplating building a Buddhist temple, the plan of which is herewith attached.\n\nThe Community has raised about dollars thirty thousand ($30,000), one third of which amount was contributed by the Chief Temple of \"Hon-Gwan-Ji\" in Kyoto, Japan.\n\nThe Japanese Community will be very much obliged if the Colonial Government will kindly give them some assistance in carrying out their scheme.\n\nI.\n\nArea:\n\n1\n\nII.\n\nIII.\n\nIV.\n\nThe particulars are as follows:-\n\nThe total area for the site required for the purpose is about 28,800 square feet, or 2.4 acres (not 24 acres, assuming typo).\n\nBuildings: The area for the buildings, including temple and priest's room, which will be used as a reception room, is 5,940 square feet. The remaining portion of the lot will be used as a garden, according to the traditional custom of the Buddhist doctrine.\n\nSituation and Plan: The Japanese Community selected the site at the top of the hill behind the Belllios Reformatory, near the proposed site of the Japanese Crematorium at Soo-kum-po Valley. The plan of the building was designed by Dr. C. Ito, the most famous architect in Japan. It combines the architectural ideas of Europe and Asia, especially India, and is planned so as to withstand the strongest typhoon in South China.\n\nPurpose: As the ground will be used solely and purely for Religious purposes, the Japanese Community would humbly... (text cut off)\n\n \nUpon reviewing the original task, the last sentence was cut off. Here is the corrected version with proper formatting.\n\nIC O P Y.\n\nEnclosure 1.\n\nSir,\n\n354\n\nC O 3017\n\nH. I. J. M's Consulate-General\n23 MAR 12\n\nHongkong, 16th December, 1911.\n\nI have the honour to inform you that the Japanese Community in this Colony is now contemplating building a Buddhist temple, the plan of which is herewith attached.\n\nThe Community has raised about dollars thirty thousand ($30,000), one third of which amount was contributed by the Chief Temple of \"Hon-Gwan-Ji\" in Kyoto, Japan.\n\nThe Japanese Community will be very much obliged if the Colonial Government will kindly give them some assistance in carrying out their scheme.\n\nI.\nArea:\n1\nII.\nIII.\nIV.\n\nThe particulars are as follows:-\n\nThe total area for the site required for the purpose is about 28,800 square feet, or 2.4 acres.\n\nBuildings: The area for the buildings, including temple and priest's room, which will be used as a reception room, is 5,940 square feet. The remaining portion of the lot will be used as a garden, according to the traditional custom of the Buddhist doctrine.\n\nSituation and Plan: The Japanese Community selected the site at the top of the hill behind the Belllios Reformatory, near the proposed site of the Japanese Crematorium at Soo-kum-po Valley. The plan of the building was designed by Dr. C. Ito, the most famous architect in Japan. It combines the architectural ideas of Europe and Asia, especially India, and is planned so as to withstand the strongest typhoon in South China.\n\nPurpose: As the ground will be used solely and purely for Religious purposes, the Japanese Community would humbly",
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    {
        "id": 438247,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-391 - Acting Governor Claud Severn Governor Sir May - 1912 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 16,
        "title": "CO129-391 - Acting Governor Claud Severn Governor Sir May - 1912 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "The number of in-patients treated in the Tung Wa Hospital in 1911 was 1299 and the expenditure $16,000. The number of labours in the Maternity Hospital was 249. The Government makes a grant of $300 per annum to these Hospitals.\n\nTo avoid the complete seclusion from friends and relatives, which removal of Chinese plague patients to the Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital entailed, four District Plague Hospitals are now maintained by the Chinese in various parts of the Colony. These hospitals are under the management of the Chinese Public Dispensaries Committee, and receive a grant of £2,000 a year from the Government.\n\nThe new Kwong Wa Hospital for Chinese in the Kowloon Peninsula was opened on the 9th October. It occupies a site having an area of 3 acres and as designed will ultimately provide accommodation for 210 patients. The existing buildings contain 70 beds and 169 patients were accommodated during 1911. The collection of subscriptions and the supervision of the building were undertaken by a special committee under the chairmanship of the Registrar General, but when completed the hospital will form part of the Tung Wa Hospital and be under the same management. The hospital will receive a grant of $8,500 per annum from the Government.\n\nVII.—INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT.\n\nAmong institutions recognised and encouraged, but not to any considerable extent supported, by Government may be mentioned the Po Leung Kuk, the Eyre Refuge, the Hongkong College of Medicine, the City Hall, and the Chinese Public Dispensaries.\n\nThe Po Leung Kuk is a Chinese Society founded in 1878 for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings. It was incorporated in 1899 and is presided over by the Registrar General and not more than nine directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society. The Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, and almost all women and girls detained by the Registrar General under that Ordinance are sent to the Po Leung Kuk. During 1911 the number of persons admitted was 514, and at the close of the year 72 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron, and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\nThe Eyre Diocesan Refuge is an institution, under mission auspices, founded for rescue work among the Chinese. It is now housed in the Beilios Reformatory and receives a small grant from the Government as well as a contribution from the Po Leung Kuk.\n\nThe Hongkong College of Medicine was founded in 1887. The government of the College is vested in the Court, of which the Rector of the College, who has always been a Government official, is President. The lecturers, who are Government officials or private medical practitioners, each receive a small honorarium, the funds being derived from the fees of the students, a Government grant-in-aid of $2,500, and certain legacies and bequests. The minimum course of study is five years, and the preliminary examination has been accepted by the General Medical Council of Great Britain. 195 students had been enrolled up to last December, and of these 48 have become qualified licentiates. Most of the licentiates have settled in the Colony, and are exerting a most useful influence in the direction of displacing native medical methods and popularising Western medical and sanitary knowledge, while a considerable number are employed as resident surgeons in the hospitals for Chinese and as medical officers in charge of the Public Dispensaries. The work of the College has thus far been carried on in lecture-rooms and laboratories made available in various hospitals, etc., in different parts of the City. When the Hongkong University is open, the College will be merged into its Faculty of Medicine.\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a theatre, some large rooms which are used for balls, meetings, concerts, etc., a museum in which are some very fair specimens, and a large reference and lending library, to which new volumes are added from time to time, as funds will allow. The building was erected in 1866-9 by subscription.\n\nSmall grants are also given to the Italian Convent ($1,280), the French Convent, (both of which take in and tend abandoned or sick infants), the West Point Orphanage, the Seamen's Hospital, and other charitable institutions.\n\nThe Chinese Public Dispensaries are institutions maintained in order to provide the Chinese with the services of doctors, whose certificates will be accepted by the Registrar of Deaths, and with the services of interpreters, who can assist the inmates of houses, where a case of infectious disease has occurred. Coolies are engaged and ambulances and dead vans provided in order to remove cases of infectious disease to the Infectious Diseases Hospital and dead bodies to the Mortuary. The Dispensaries receive sick infants and send them to one or other of the Convents and arrange for the burial of dead infants. Free advice and medicine are given and patients are attended at their houses. There are eight Dispensaries in existence including one for the boat population on a hulk in Causeway Bay. The total cost of maintenance, which is defrayed by voluntary subscription, was $33,434. The Dispensaries are conducted by committees under the chairmanship of the Registrar General.\n\nVIII.—CRIMINAL AND POLICE.\n\nThe total of all cases reported to the Police was 9,289 being a decrease of 500 or 5% as compared with 1910. There was in 1911 a decrease in serious offences of 25 or 0.69% as compared with the previous year.\n\nThe number of serious offences reported was 167 over the average of the quinquennial period commencing with the...\n\nPage 17\n\n...\n\nPage 14\n\n...\n\nPage 10",
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    {
        "id": 443922,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-402 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 360,
        "title": "CO129-402 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "## conflict with the troops. \nLieut. Crosse, R.G.A., of the General Staff Office, Hongkong, in an Intelligence Report, dated June 20th, 1913, copy of which he kindly furnished to this office, states that the neighbourhood of Hoi Feng is peopled by Hoklos, \"who are staunch supporters of the Triad Society, of whom some Practically 40% have not even cut off their queues \"the whole East of Kuangtung supports the Triad cause, as also \"do the troops of the Lu Chun stationed at Fu Mun (near the \"Bogue Forts). There are also a good number of adherents in Western Kuangtung. They are divided up into regiments and districts for organization purposes and there are three heads, Wong So-shun, who is in Kiangsi, is in continual correspondence with \"one at Macao, one at Hing Ning, and one at Hoi Feng. \"these heads and is being approached as to the best methods for \"importation of arms\"\n\n## In the City itself \norder continues to be well maintained by Ch'en Ching-hua, Commissioner of Police, whose drastic methods and use of delatores, however, have made him many enemies. A reformatory has been instituted in the old fort opposite Macao Fort in the Back Reach. It can take in 1,000 prisoners, convicted of less serious offences, and a beginning has been made in teaching them the use of printing machines, (obtained from Japan), the manufacture of military boots and the weaving of cloth. The building is spacious and, when visited by the writer, appeared to be kept in a clean condition. It is illustrative of the methods of Ch'en Ching-hua that thirteen prisoners, who attempted to escape a little time ago were caught and all of them shot in his presence. The gaols in the City are at present very congested and the idea is being revived of creating a penal colony on Pratas Island. Lately the Bureau of Industry attempted to settle 20 colonists on the island but finding on their arrival the corpses of predecessors in a similar experiment, who had been forgotten during the Revolution and perished of starvation, the party returned to Canton without delay.\n\nPage 360  \nPage 361",
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    {
        "id": 461805,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 438,
        "title": "CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "— 26 —\n\nThe Minister of the Union Church, Four additional members.\n\nThe objects for which the hospital is established are:-\n\n(a) To provide, carry on and maintain a hospital for the benefit of patients primarily who are poor, helpless and forsaken and to provide gratuitous medical relief to any such person suffering from disease or ill-health.\n\n(b) The hospital shall be considered to be established as a Religious and Evangelistic Institution.\n\n(c) The hospital is reserved for British, American, and European Patients.\n\nIt was the express wish of the Testator that the hospital should be quite self-supporting, and be able to maintain itself, and that it should be absolutely unnecessary at any time during the continuance of the institution to appeal to the public in any way for funds for its maintenance.\n\nAmong institutions recognised and encouraged, but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Po Leung Kuk, the Eyre Refuge, the City Hall, and the Chinese Public Dispensaries.\n\nThe Po Leung Kuk is a Chinese Society founded in 1878 for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings. It was incorporated in 1893 and is presided over by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and not more than nine directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society. The Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, and almost all women and girls detained by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under that Ordinance are sent to the Po Leung Kuk. During 1915 the number of persons admitted was 567 and at the close of the year 75 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron, and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\nThe Eyre Diocesan Refuge is an institution, under mission auspices, founded for rescue work among the Chinese. It is now housed in the Belilios Reformatory and receives a small grant from the Government. It was temporarily closed after the outbreak of war.\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a theatre, some large rooms which are used for balls, meetings, concerts, etc., a museum in which are some very fair specimens, and a large reference and lending library, to which new volumes are added from time to time, as funds will allow. The building was erected in 1866-9 by subscription.\n\nSmall grants are also given to the Italian Convent, the French Convent, (both of which take in and tend abandoned or sick infants), the West Point Orphanage, the Seamen's Hospital, and other charitable institutions.\n\nThe Chinese Public Dispensaries are institutions maintained in order to provide the Chinese with the services of doctors, whose certificates will be accepted by the Registrar of Deaths, and with the services of interpreters, who can assist the inmates of houses, where a case of infectious disease has occurred. Coolies are engaged and ambulances and dead vans provided in order to remove cases of infectious disease to the Infectious Diseases Hospital and dead bodies to the Mortuary. The Dispensaries receive sick infants and send them to one or other of the Convents and arrange for the burial of dead infants. Free advice and medicine are given and patients are attended at their houses. There are nine Dispensaries in existence including one for the boat population on a hulk in Causeway Bay. The total cost of maintenance, which is defrayed by voluntary subscription, was $42,433.71 for the year 1915. The Dispensaries are conducted by committees under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.\n\n## VII - CRIMINAL AND POLICE\n\nThe total of all cases reported to the Police was 9,460 being an increase of 643 or 7.29 per cent. as compared with 1914. There was in 1915 an increase in serious offences of 140 or 1.69 per cent. as compared with the previous year. The number of serious offences reported was 97 below the average of the quinquennial period commencing with the year 1911. The number of minor offences reported shows an increase of 503 as compared with 1914 and was 31 over the average of the quinquennial period.\n\nThe total strength of the Police Force in 1915 was Europeans 164, Indians 463, Chinese 645, making a total of 1,272 (as compared with 1,283 in 1914) exclusive of the five superior officers and staff of clerks and coolies. These figures include police paid for by the Railway and other Government Departments and by private firms. Of this force 14 Europeans, 142 Indians and 38 Chinese were stationed in the New Territories during the year, under an Assistant Superintendent.\n\nThe District Watchmen Force, numbering 100, to which the Government contributes $2,000 per annum, was well supported by the Chinese during the year. These watchmen patrol the streets in the Chinese quarter of the City. They are placed on police beats and are supervised by the European police on section patrol.\n\nThe total number of persons committed to Victoria Gaol was 4,179 as compared with 4,050 in 1914. Of these 1,260 were committed for criminal offences, against 935 in 1914. Of committals...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]",
        "page_number": 398,
        "title": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]",
        "content_text": "# C J KADOORIE THE ELLIS SCHOOL FOR INDIANS. OPENING CEREMONY.\n\nThe staff of the new School consists of: Head Master, Mr. R. J. Birbeck, M.A., Trin. Coll., Cantal; Assistant Masters Mr. Bishen Singh, Mr. Abdul-lah, Mr. Dhool. Mr. Birbeck has been a member of the staff of Queen's College since 1908, and consequently has had considerable experience in teaching Indian boys who attend the Queen's College Upper School. Mr. Bishen Singh holds the Teacher's Certificate granted by the Education Department to Masters who have passed satisfactorily through a three years' course at the Technical Institute, and in addition Technical Institute Certificate in Physics, English (Stage III), Mathematics (Stage II). He has also passed the Sanitation Examination of the Royal Sanitary Institute and qualified for the Associateship of that Institute. Mr. Abdullah has passed the Matriculation Examination of the Punjab University, taking Arabic as subject. He also holds the Teacher's Certificate of the Education Department. Mr. Dhool, who came to the Colony from India a few months ago, possesses a knowledge of English, Urdu and Persian.\n\nThe building, which is handsome and substantially erected at a cost of ... , is beautifully situated in Sou-Kan-Poo Valley. It is of two floors, the lower floor having three rooms and the upper floor two, and there are offices for the headmaster and assistant master as well as accommodation for the staff and children. The school is furnished throughout with modern apparatus and equipment.\n\nThere are five classes, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, which correspond as nearly as possible with similar classes at other Government Schools. Class 4, the Senior Class, has been started this term for the first time. This points favourably to the time when more senior work will be done. The numbers in each class are:- Class 4, seven boys; Class 5, nine; Class 6, seven; Class 7, eleven; Class 8, thirteen; Total 47; and there is space for the formation of higher classes. Although the chief work of the School is the teaching of English subjects, one lesson every day is given up to Urdu, the boys being taught and examined in colloquial as well as in written work. The school fees, which have hitherto been $1 each a month, will from the beginning of next year be raised to $2 a month. Scholarships are available as below:- 2 Free Exhibitions to the top boys in all classes from class 7 upwards; 1 Free Government Scholarship tenable for 3 years at Queen's College, to the top boy of the School; and 1 Ellis Kadoorie Scholarship of $60, tenable for 1 year at Queen's College, to the second boy in the School.\n\nThe seed of the present school sprang from the Belilios Public School, where the number of Indian boys under 11 years of age had, by 1903, increased to 3 per cent. of the total enrolment of the girls' school. As much with a view to purge the Chinese girls' school of this admixture of boys as desiring to benefit the boys themselves, a school was started for these Indian boys, with the kind assistance of Mr. Arathoon, who subscribed over $800 towards its cost. It was at first housed in a separate room at the Belilios Public School. In his annual report for 1904 the Director of Education wrote: \"An increased attendance is confidently expected in the near future. Properly developed it seems likely to prove a success, and should in time be able to prepare boys for the Upper School at Queen's College. It would be a logical and popular step if Urdu were made a subject in the Indian School.\" The school had then been put under an English Mistress, Mrs. Whitehead. In 1905 the school was moved into leased premises; an Indian Master was engaged, and Urdu was made a compulsory subject. The maximum enrolment that year was 44. In 1906 Mrs Whitehead resigned and the school was moved to Praya East. These premises were reported in 1907 as most unsuitable. \"They are badly lighted and very noisy.\" In 1909 Mr. Bishen Singh, who is still the senior Indian Master, took charge. By this time the average attendance had fallen. The Inspector reported: \"The grant of a free scholarship to Queen's College tenable for 4 years has so far failed to attract more pupils.\" During this year the building at Causeway Bay known as Belilios Reformatory, but shifted back to Praya East again, where it has stayed ever since. By 1911 the average attendance had increased to 50: in 1912 it was 58, which was the high water mark. In 1912 an extensively signed petition was made by the Indian community for a better building than the Chinese tenement house in which it has until now been held. It was not possible at that time to comply with their request. In 1913 a branch school was started on the Kowloon side, but it did not prove successful and was closed last year. In 1914 Mr. Kadoorie made the offer which led to the erection of the new building. (Applause).\n\n## THE OPENING\n\nThe opening ceremony took place at the front of the building opposite the door. His Excellency was accompanied by Lady May, and among those present were the Hon. Mr. Claud Severn, Colonial Secretary, Hon. Mr. Lau Chu Pak, Mr. E. Ralphs, Inspector of Schools, Hon. Mr. W. Chatham, Director of Public Works, Mr. E. Irving, Director of Education, and R. J. Birbeck, headmaster of the school. The school children were formed on the verandah.\n\n**ELLIS KADOORIE**, in opening the flags, addressing His Excellency, said: It affords me a great deal of pleasure to open this School, the building for which is the generous gift of Mr. Ellis Kadoorie (applause) whose interest in and support of education are well-known; and it may be useful to briefly survey the history of this particular institution.\n\n**HENRY MAY**, in accepting the key to the building, said: ... I have to tender to Mr. Ellis Kadoorie heartfelt thanks for his renewed munificence and public spirit. I now declare this school duly opened. (Applause).\n\nHis Excellency having opened the door, the company passed into the building, and inspected the interior with much interest. Through the kindness of Mr. Kadoorie tea was served to the company before dispersing.\n\nExtract from the Hongkong Daily Press of 17.10.76. \nPage 391",
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    {
        "id": 467977,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 281,
        "title": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "22 -\n\nThe management of the hospital is vested in a Governing Body consisting of :—\n\nThe Trustees for the time being of the will of the Testator. The Bishop of the Diocese.\n\nThe Chaplain of St. John's Cathedral.\n\nThe Minister of the Union Church.\n\nFour additional members,\n\nThe objects for which the hospital is established are:\n\n(a) To provide, carry on and maintain a hospital for the benefit of patients primarily who are poor, helpless and forsaken and to provide gratuitous medical relief to any such person suffering from disease or ill-health.\n\n(b) The hospital shall be considered to be established as a Religious and Evangelistic Institution.\n\n(c) The hospital is reserved for British, American, and European Patients.\n\nIt was the express wish of the Testator that the hospital should be quite self-supporting, and be able to maintain itself, and that it should be absolutely unnecessary at any time during the continuance of the institution to appeal to the public in any way for funds for its maintenance.\n\nAmong institutions recognised and encouraged; but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Po Leung Kuk, the Eyre Refuge, the City Hall, and the Chinese Public Dispensaries.\n\nThe Po Leung Kuk is a Chinese Society founded in 1878 for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings. It was incorporated in 1893 and is presided over by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and not more than nine directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society. The Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, and almost all women and girls detained by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under that Ordinance are sent to the Po Leung Kuk. During 1916 the number of persons admitted was 590 and at the close of the year 78 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron, and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\nThe Eyre Diocesan Refuge is an institution, under mission auspices, founded for rescue work among the Chinese. It was housed in the Belilios Reformatory up to the outbreak of war, but the work is at present carried on at Kowloon City. A small grant is made by the Government.\n\n- 23-\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a theatre, some large rooms which are used for balls, meetings, concerts, etc., a museum in which are some very fair specimens, and a large reference and lending library, to which new volumes are added from time to time, as funds will allow. The building was erected in 1866-9 by subscription.\n\nSmall grants are also given to the Italian Convent, the French Convent, (both of which take in and tend abandoned or sick infants), the West Point Orphanage, the Seamen's Hospital, and other charitable institutions.\n\nThe Chinese Public Dispensaries are institutions maintained in order to provide the Chinese with the services of doctors, whose certificates will be accepted by the Registrar of Deaths, and with the services of interpreters, who can assist the inmates of houses, where a case of infectious disease has occurred. Coolies are engaged and ambulances and dead vans provided in order to remove cases of infectious disease to the Infectious Diseases Hospital and dead bodies to the Mortuary. The Dispensaries receive sick infants and send them to one or other of the Convents and arrange for the burial of dead infants. Free advice and medicine are given and patients are attended at their houses. There are eight Dispensaries in existence; the one for the boat population on a hulk in Causeway Bay was dispensed with and amalgamated with the Yaumati Dispensary. The total cost of maintenance, which is defrayed by voluntary subscription, was $39,766.07 for the year 1916. The Dispensaries are conducted by committees under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.\n\nVIII-CRIMINAL AND POLICE.\n\nThe total of all cases reported to the Police was 11,319 being an increase of 1,859 or 19.65 per cent as compared with 1915. There was in 1916 an increase in serious offences of 396 or 12.68 per cent as compared with the previous year. The number of serious offences reported was 49 over the average of the quinquennial period commencing with the year 1912. The number of minor offences reported shows an increase of 1,306 as compared with 1915 and was 497 over the average of the quinquennial period.\n\nThe total strength of the Police Force in 1916 was Europeans 165, Indians 463, Chinese 587, making a total of 1,215 (as compared with 1,289 in 1915) exclusive of the five superior officers and staff of clerks and coolies. These figures include police paid for by the Railway and other Government Departments. Of this force 14 Europeans, 137 Indians, and 30 Chinese were stationed in the New Territories during the year, under an Assistant Superintendent.\n\nUp to the end of the year forty-one members of the Hong...\n\n279",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-454 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 455,
        "title": "CO129-454 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "## VII. INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT\n\n### (c)-THE TUNG WA AND OTHER CHINESE HOSPITALS\n\nThe Tung Wa Hospital, opened in 1872, is mainly supported by the voluntary subscriptions of Chinese, but receives an annual grant of $8,000 from the Government. Only Chinese are treated in this institution. Various other services not appertaining to a hospital are performed by the institution, such as the free burial of the poor, the repatriation of destitutes, and the organisation of charitable relief in emergencies. Chinese as well as European methods of treatment are employed in accordance with the wishes expressed by the patients or their friends. About half the number are now treated by Western methods. The hospital is managed by a committee of Chinese gentlemen annually elected, their appointment being submitted to the Governor for confirmation. It is under the supervision of a visiting physician, who is a member of the Medical Department, whilst two Chinese house surgeons, trained in Western medicine, are members of the hospital staff. There are 323 beds in the buildings and 6,562 patients were accommodated during 1918.\n\nThe Tung Wa also maintain a branch hospital for small-pox cases (Chinese only) at Kennedy Town. It contains 58 beds and during 1918, 5 cases were treated.\n\nThe Alice Memorial and Affiliated Hospitals are managed and controlled by the missionaries resident in Hongkong, agents of the London Missionary Society, and consist of the Alice Memorial Hospital opened in 1887, the Nethersole Hospital opened in 1893, the Alice Memorial Maternity Hospital opened in 1904, and the Ho Miu Ling Hospital opened in 1906. The number of in-patients in 1918 was 1,593 and the expenditure $23,128.76. The number of labours in the Maternity Hospital was 543. The Government makes a grant of $300 per annum to these Hospitals.\n\nTo avoid the complete seclusion from friends and relatives, which removal of Chinese plague patients to the Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital entailed, four District Plague Hospitals are now maintained by the Chinese in various parts of the Colony. These hospitals are under the management of the Chinese Public Dispensaries Committee.\n\nThe new Kwong Wa Hospital for Chinese in the Kowloon Peninsula was opened on the 9th October, 1911. It occupies a site having an area of 3 acres and provides accommodation for 210 patients. The existing buildings contain 70 beds and 2,336 patients were accommodated during 1918. The collection of subscriptions, and the supervision of the building were undertaken by a special committee under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. The hospital receives a grant of $8,500 per annum from the Government.\n\nAs will be noticed from the remarks made under the heading Education, the Hongkong University is an Aided Institution.\n\n### VII. INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT\n\nOne of the most important institutions in the Colony not supported by the Government is the Matilda Hospital, which stands on a commanding site of nearly three acres at Mount Kellet in the Hill District. An account of this hospital will be found in the report for 1917.\n\nAmong institutions recognised and encouraged, but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Po Leung Kuk, the Eyre Refuge, the City Hall, and the Chinese Public Dispensaries.\n\nThe Po Leung Kuk is a Chinese Society founded in 1878 for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings. It was incorporated in 1898 and is presided over by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and not more than nine directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society. The Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, and almost all women and girls detained by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under that Ordinance are sent to the Po Leung Kuk. During 1918 the number of persons admitted was 356 and at the close of the year 53 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron, and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\nThe Eyre Diocesan Refuge is an institution, under mission auspices, founded for rescue work among the Chinese. It was housed in the Belilios Reformatory up to the outbreak of war, but the work is at present carried on at Kowloon City. A small grant is made by the Government.\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a theatre, some large rooms which are used for balls, meetings, concerts, etc., a museum in which are some very fair specimens, and a large reference and lending library, to which new volumes are added from time to time, as funds will allow. The building was erected in 1866-9 by subscription.\n\nSmall grants are also given to the Indian Convent, the French Convent, (both of which take in and tend abandoned or sick infants), the West Point Orphans, the Seamen's Hospital, and other charitable institutions.\n\nThe Chinese Public Dispensaries are institutions maintained in order to provide the Chinese with the services of doctors, whose certificates will be accepted by the Registrar of Deaths, and with the services of interpreters, who can assist the inmates of houses, where a case of infectious disease has occurred. Coolies are engaged and ambulances and dead vans provided in order to remove cases of infectious disease to the Infectious Diseases Hospital and dead bodies to the Mortuary. The Dispensaries receive sick infants and send... \n\n- 24- \n- 25 - \n451",
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        "id": 483971,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-461 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 324,
        "title": "CO129-461 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "320\n\n-\n\nG\n\nLLAM\n\n(iv) A proper and thorough search by the two Indian Warders (since dismissed) on the afternoon of the 13th December of the cells of the prisoners would have prevented the catastrophe. (v) The European staff became seriously depleted during the past few years, owing to the war and other causes, and such depletion of staff was brought to the notice of the Government by the Assistant Superintendent of the Gaol on the 12th August, 1918, in C.5.0.2737-1918, but was not remedied till after the recent escape of prisoners.\n\nAs regards (c), namely, the steps necessary to be taken to prevent similar incidents in future, we recommend :—\n\n(i) The abolition of the tinsmith's shop.\n\n(ii) Adequate searching of prisoners when they are coming off work, under European supervision.\n\n(iii) The putting of iron bars outside the cells of prisoners in secure sockets, so as to prevent them from breaking out even if they succeeded in removing or opening the locks.\n\n(iv) The provision of electric lights in the yard and corridors including special emergency lights.\n\n(v) The building of a grille across the entrance hall to F. Block for a Reserve Guard; inside of which grille should be kept an alarm, electric switch board, and a reserve of firearms.\n\n(vi) Another armed Reserve Guard, to be placed at another point in the Gaol, to be determined upon by the Superintendent.\n\n(vii) That two European Warders be always on duty at night inside the gaol.\n\n(viii) That all searches of cells be made under European supervision, and that the weekly search be of a most thorough and effective character.\n\n(ix) That additional locks, of different make from the present, be provided to all the gates of the prison leading out on to the yard.\n\n(x) That no prisoners be kept on the side of the gaol west of the tunnel, which should be practicable when the new convict prison is built. (On this side of the gaol there is a house whose windows and balconies overlook and almost overhang the Gaol.)\n\n(xi) That the Gaol Regulations be amended, as above advised, namely:\n\n(a) To allow of Prison Officers below a certain rank being searched on entering and leaving the Gaol.\n\n(b) To allow of loss of a gaol key being punishable with instant dismissal from the Service.\n\n(xii) That all food and stores for prisoners brought into Gaol be weighed and checked by or in the presence of a European Officer and entered by him in a book kept for the purpose.\n\n(xiii) That a much bigger reserve of blankets be kept in future.\n\n(xiv) That a new measure for rice, i.e., a 16 oz. measure, be adopted.\n\n(xv) That two Prisoners Complaint Ledgers be instituted, one for the Daily Record of such complaints and the other for record of complaints by prisoners to the Visiting Justices.\n\n13. Generally, we recommend\n\n(1) That Indian Warders should be recruited from India instead of locally.\n\n(2) That the Superintendent of the Gaol ought to be entirely distinct from and independent of the Captain Superintendent of Police, as was formerly the case; in order that full responsibility may rest upon the actual Executive Head.\n\n(3) That Chinese Justices of the Peace ought to be allowed to minute the Visiting Justices Book in the Gaol in the Chinese language, if they should so desire.\n\n(4) That, if possible, on the reconstruction of the Gaol, crank, shot drill, and stone carrying be abolished and be superseded by other forms of hard labour of an useful and reformatory character.\n\n(5) That, so far as possible, frequent changes of the Medical Officer of the Gaol should be avoided. Since January, 1919, the sequence of Medical Officers has been Dr. Koch, Captain Burn, Captain Archer, Dr. Woodman, Dr. Valentine, Captain Archer, 12th April, 1920.\n\nH. E. POLLOCK.\n\nR. O. HUTCHISON.\n\nHO FOOK.\n\n心",
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    {
        "id": 487112,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 86,
        "title": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "## VI. GOVERNMENT AND AIDED INSTITUTIONS\n\n### (a.)-HOSPITALS\n\nGovernment Hospitals consist of the Civil Hospital, to which is attached an isolated Maternity Hospital, the Victoria Hospital for Women and Children, and the Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital. There is an Observation Station capable of accommodating 1,500 persons in the event of an outbreak of infectious disease on board a ship arriving in Harbour.\n\nThe Civil Hospital contains 166 beds in 20 wards. 3,926 in-patients and 22,446 out-patients were treated during 1919 as against 3,677 and 14,480 respectively in 1918. 218 cases of malarial fever were admitted as against 211 in 1918 and 361 in 1917. The total cases of malaria for all Government Hospitals and the Tung Wa Hospital shows an increase of 246 cases as compared with the year 1918.\n\nThe Maternity Hospital contains 12 beds for Europeans and 4 for Asiatics. 46 confinements occurred during the year as against 377 in 1918. The Victoria Hospital at the Peak contains 41 beds, and during 1919, 206 patients were under treatment there. At Kennedy Town Hospital, which contains 26 beds, 54 cases were treated in 1919, all being infectious.\n\n### (b.) LUNATIC ASYLUM\n\nThe Asylum is under the direction of the Superintendent of the Civil Hospital. European and Chinese patients are separated, the European portion containing 8 beds in separate wards and the Chinese portion 16 beds. 207 patients of all races were treated during 1919 and there were 8 deaths.\n\n### (C.) THE TUNG WA AND OTHER CHINESE HOSPITALS\n\nThe Tung Wa Hospital, opened in 1872, is mainly supported by the voluntary subscriptions of the Chinese, but receives an annual grant of $8,000 from the Government. Only Chinese are treated in this institution. Various other services not appertaining to a hospital are performed by the institution, such as the free burial of the poor, the repatriation of destitutes, and the organisation of charitable relief in emergencies. Chinese as well as European methods of treatment are employed in accordance with the wishes expressed by the patients or their friends. About half the number are now treated by Western methods. The hospital is managed by a committee of Chinese gentlemen annually elected, their appointment being submitted to the Governor for confirmation. It is under the supervision of a visiting physician, who is a member of the Medical Department, whilst two Chinese house surgeons, trained in Western medicine, are members of the hospital staff. There are 323 beds in the buildings and 7,002 patients were accommodated during 1919.\n\nThe Tung Wa also maintain a branch hospital for small-pox cases (Chinese only) at Kennedy Town. It contains 58 beds and during 1919, 4 cases were treated.\n\nThe Alice Memorial and Affiliated Hospitals are managed and controlled by the missionaries resident in Hongkong, agents of the London Missionary Society, and consist of the Alice Memorial Hospital opened in 1887, the Nethersole Hospital opened in 1893, the Alice Memorial Maternity Hospital opened in 1904, and the Ho Miu Ling Hospital opened in 1906. The number of in-patients in 1919 was 1,395 and the expenditure $27,570.42. The number of labours in the Maternity Hospital was 403. The Government makes a grant of $300 per annum to these Hospitals.\n\nTo avoid the complete seclusion from friends and relatives, which removal of Chinese plague patients to the Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital entailed, four District Plague Hospitals are now maintained by the Chinese in various parts of the Colony. These Hospitals are under the management of the Chinese Public Dispensaries Committee.\n\nThe new Kwong Wa Hospital for Chinese in the Kowloon Peninsula was opened on the 9th October, 1911. It occupies a site having an area of three acres and provides accommodation for 210 patients. The existing buildings contain 70 beds and 3,313 patients were accommodated during 1919. The collection of subscriptions and the supervision of the building were undertaken by a special committee under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. The hospital receives a grant of $8,500 per annum from the Government. As will be noticed from the remarks made under the heading Education, the Hongkong University is also an Aided Institution.\n\n## VII.-INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT\n\nOne of the most important institutions in the Colony not supported by the Government is the Matilda Hospital, which stands on a commanding site of nearly three acres at Mount Kellet in the Hill District. An account of this hospital will be found in the report for 1917.\n\nAmong institutions recognised and encouraged, but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Po Leung Kuk, the Eyre Refuge, the City Hall, and the Chinese Public Dispensaries.\n\nThe Po Leung Kuk is a Chinese Society founded in 1878 for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings. It was incorporated in 1893 and is presided over by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and not more than nine directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society. The Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, and almost all women and girls detained by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under that Ordinance are sent to the Po Leung Kuk. During 1919 the number of persons admitted was 476 and at the close of year 62 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron, and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\nThe Eyre Diocesan Refuge is an institution under mission auspices, founded for rescue work among the Chinese. It was housed in the Belilios Reformatory up to the outbreak of war, but the work is at present carried on at Kowloon City. A small grant is made by the Government.\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a theatre, some large rooms which are used for balls, meetings, concerts, etc., a museum in which are some very fair specimens and a large reference and lending library, to which new volumes are ...",
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        "id": 487129,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 103,
        "title": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "# VII - INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT\n\nOne of the most important institutions in the Colony not supported by the Government is the Matilda Hospital, which stands on a commanding site of nearly three acres at Mount Kellet in the Hill District. An account of this hospital will be found in the report for 1917.\n\nAmong institutions recognised and encouraged, but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Pó Leung Kuk, the Eyre Refuge, the City Hall, and the Chinese Public Dispensaries.\n\n## Pó Leung Kuk\n\nThe Pó Leung Kuk is a Chinese Society founded in 1878 for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings. It was incorporated in 1893 and is presided over by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and not more than nine directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society. The Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, and almost all women and girls detained by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under that Ordinance are sent to the Pó Leung Kuk. During 1910 the number of persons admitted was 476 and at the close of the year 62 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron, and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\n## Eyre Diocesan Refuge\n\nThe Eyre Diocesan Refuge is an institution, under mission auspices, founded for rescue work among the Chinese, housed in the Belilios Reformatory up to the outbreak of war, but the work is at present carried on at Kowloon City. A small grant is made by the Government.\n\n## City Hall\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a theatre, some large rooms which are used for balls, meetings, concerts, etc., a museum in which are some very fair specimens, and a large reference and lending library, to which new volumes are added from time to time, as funds will allow. The building was erected in 1866-9 by subscription.\n\n## Other Institutions\n\nSmall grants are also given to the Italian Convent, the French Convent (both of which take in and tend abandoned or sick infants), the West Point Orphanage, the Seamen's Hospital, and other charitable institutions.\n\n## Chinese Public Dispensaries\n\nThe Chinese Public Dispensaries are institutions maintained in order to provide the Chinese with the services of doctors, whose certificates will be accepted by the Registrar of Deaths, and with the services of interpreters, who can assist the inmates of houses, where a case of infectious disease has occurred. Coolies are engaged and ambulances and dead vans provided in order to remove cases of infectious disease to the Infectious Diseases Hospital and dead bodies to the Mortuary. The Dispensaries receive sick infants and send them to one or other of the Convents and arrange for the burial of dead infants. Free advice and medicine are given and patients are attended at their houses. There are eight Dispensaries in existence. The total cost of maintenance was $45,303.83 for the year 1919. The Government makes an annual grant of $7,000, and the rest of the cost is defrayed by voluntary subscription. The Dispensaries are conducted by committees under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.\n\n## Hospitals\n\nThe Tung Wa Hospital is managed by a committee of Chinese directors, with the assistance of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and the Superintendent of the Medical Department, whilst two Chinese house surgeons, trained in Western medicine, are members of the hospital staff. There are 323 beds in the buildings and 7,002 patients were accommodated during 1919.\n\nThe Tung Wa also maintain a branch hospital for small-pox cases (Chinese only) at Kennedy Town. It contains 58 beds and during 1919, 4 cases were treated.\n\nThe Alice Memorial and Affiliated Hospitals are managed and controlled by the missionaries resident in Hongkong, agents of the London Missionary Society, and consist of the Alice Memorial Hospital opened in 1887, the Nethersole Hospital opened in 1893, the Alice Memorial Maternity Hospital opened in 1904, and the Ho Min Ling Hospital opened in 1906. The number of in-patients in 1919 was 1,395 and the expenditure $27,570.42. The number of labours in the Maternity Hospital was 403. The Government makes a grant of $300 per annum to these Hospitals.\n\nTo avoid the complete seclusion from friends and relatives, which removal of Chinese plague patients to the Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital entailed, four District Plague Hospitals are now maintained by the Chinese in various parts of the Colony. These hospitals are under the management of the Chinese Public Dispensaries Committee.\n\nThe new Kwong Wa Hospital for Chinese in the Kowloon Peninsula was opened on the 9th October, 1911. It occupies a site having an area of three acres and provides accommodation for 210 patients. The existing buildings contain 70 beds and 3,313 patients were accommodated during 1919. The collection of subscriptions and the supervision of the building were undertaken by a special committee under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. The hospital receives a grant of $8,500 per annum from the Government.\n\n## CRIMINAL AND POLICE\n\nThe total of all cases reported to the Police was 10,540 being an increase of 2,003 or 23.47 per cent. as compared with 1918. There was in 1919 an increase in serious offences of 958 or 26.77 per cent. as compared with the previous year.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5].txt",
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    {
        "id": 488594,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 335,
        "title": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "# Appendix 3 (A)\n\n## Investigation with regard to Child Labour\n\nIn my recent investigations with regard to Child Labour, I observed that the work taken up by Children in the Colony, on the whole, is quite moderate, except that it appears to me, the work in glass factories is not at all good for children. In manufacturing glass, children are engaged in doing the work of \"blowing,\" which is very unsuitable for them, especially as they are working almost the whole day long. They work in front of a hot fire; and so have not enough fresh air. Such work is very unhygienic for children and naturally affects their health. Therefore, the employment of children in this kind of work should be strictly prohibited.\n\nAs stated in my previous report, the number of children engaged in carrying building materials is approximately 1,000, of whom the majority, as I have observed, carry over-loads. This over-load work can easily be stopped, but it is not advisable to stop children entirely from doing the work of carrying. When any contractor enters into a contract with the Public Works Department and the War Department, or with the Civil Engineers, Architects, and Surveyors in private practice on certain building construction, it should be mentioned in such contract that the Contractor should not employ any children under 11 years of age (Chinese). Similarly, it should be mentioned in permits issued by the Building Authority and the Secretary for Chinese Affairs; but children whose ages are over 11 (Chinese) should be allowed to carry loads in accordance with the following scale:-\n\n| Age | Maximum Load |\n| --- | --- |\n| 11 years | 22 catties |\n\n## Compulsory Education\n\nThese Schools are to be looked after by the Committee of this Commission under the control of the Director of Education. Meantime, I suggest that these be started first, whereas Compulsory Education is to be carefully considered later.\n\nIt is said that there are about 30,000 children who need education, and if this number is correct and Compulsory Education is introduced, a sum of about two million dollars is needed.\n\n| Item | Cost per year per school | Cost per year for 1,000 schools |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Rent for 1 flat | $360.00 |  |\n| Salary for 1 teacher | $360.00 |  |\n| Salary for 1 servant | $120.00 |  |\n| Books, etc. for 30 students | $30.00 |  |\n| Boarding for 30 students | $1,080.00 |  |\n| Total | $1,950.00 | $1,950,000.00 |\n\nWhen Compulsory Education is actually introduced, we must also pay for the boarding of the children, because they cannot spare time to work and earn their living. Even if this item, the amount to be paid for their boarding is not included, a sum of at least $870,000 a year would be required.\n\n## Introduction of Compulsory Education\n\nIn speaking of the introduction of Compulsory Education in the Colony, I do appreciate the ideas of Rev. Mr. Wells. Personally, I would say it is an excellent scheme, but I am afraid it cannot be so easily adopted, because first of all, it requires a tremendous sum of money to run the scheme, and secondly, it is rather difficult to find sufficient school accommodation. I would therefore propose to open free night schools. At present, I can think of 7 day schools which are quite suitable for this purpose.\n\n1. The Sayingpun School\n2. Queen's College\n3. Belilios School\n4. Ellis Kadoorie School\n5. Wanchai School\n6. Yaumati School\n7. Belilios Reformatory\n\nBoth Chinese and English to be taught for 3 hours nightly from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m., except Sunday night. Children between 8 and 11 years of age are admitted to Chinese classes, and those between 12 and 15 are admitted to English classes. These schools can accommodate about 2,400 children. For every 40, 1 teacher is required, or 60 teachers altogether, of whom 30 are engaged to teach English and 30 to teach Chinese.\n\nThe expenditure for these night schools is roughly estimated as follows:-\n| Item | Cost |\n| --- | --- |\n| 30 teachers (teaching Chinese), salary per year at $300 | $9,000 |\n| 30 teachers (teaching English), salary per year at $400 | $12,000 |\n| 14 servants | $2,100 |\n| Books, etc. for 2,400 students | $4,800 |\n| Electric light expenses per year for 7 schools | $1,050 |\n| Sundry expenses | $840 |\n| Total | $29,790 |\n\nRoughly say $30,000.\n\nThe Government is requested to contribute this amount.\n\n**(Sgd.) LI PING**\n\n27th May, 1921.\n\nPage 328",
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    {
        "id": 488621,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 362,
        "title": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "## VII-INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT\n\nOne of the most important institutions in the Colony not supported by the Government is the Matilda Hospital, which stands on a commanding site of nearly three acres at Mount Kellet in the Hill District. An account of this hospital will be found in the report for 1917.\n\nAmong institutions recognised and encouraged, but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Pó Leung Kuk, the Eyre Refuge, the City Hall, and the Chinese Public Dispensaries.\n\nThe Pó Leung Kuk is a Chinese Society founded in 1878 for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings. It was incorporated in 1893 and is presided over by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and not more than nine directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society. The Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, and almost all women and girls detained by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under that Ordinance are sent to the Pó Leung Kuk. During 1920 the number of persons admitted was 405 and at the close of the year 47 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron, and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\nThe Eyre Diocesan Refuge is an institution, under mission auspices, founded for rescue work among the Chinese. It was housed in the Belilios Reformatory up to the outbreak of war, but the work is at present carried on at Kowloon City. A small grant is made by the Government.\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a theatre, some large rooms which are used for balls, meetings, concerts, etc., a museum in which are some very fair specimens, and a large reference and lending library, to which new volumes are added from time to time, as funds will allow. The building was erected in 1866-9 by subscription.\n\nSmall grants are also given to the Italian Convent, the French Convent, (both of which take in and tend abandoned or sick infants), the West Point Orphanage, the Seamen's Hospital, and other charitable institutions.\n\nThe Chinese Public Dispensaries are institutions maintained in order to provide the Chinese with the services of doctors, whose certificates will be accepted by the Registrar of Deaths, and with the services of interpreters, who can assist the inmates of houses, where a case of infectious disease has occurred. Coolies are engaged and ambulances and dead vans provided in order to remove cases of infectious disease to the Infectious Diseases Hospital and dead bodies to the Mortuary. The Dispensaries receive sick infants and send them to one or other of the Convents and arrange for the burial of dead infants. Free advice and medicine are given and patients are attended at their houses. There are eight Dispensaries in existence. The total cost of maintenance was $37,293 for the year 1920. The Government makes an annual grant of $7,000, and the rest of the cost is defrayed by voluntary subscription. The Dispensaries are conducted by committees under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.\n\n## VIII-CRIMINAL AND POLICE\n\nThe total of all cases reported to the Police was 11,912 being an increase of 1,370 or 13 per cent, as compared with 1918. There was in 1920 an increase in serious offences of 449 or 9.90 per cent. as compared with the previous year. The number of serious offences reported was 977 over the average of the quinquennial period commencing with the year 1916. The number of minor offences reported shows an increase of 1 as compared with 1919 and was 589 over the average of the quinquennial period.\n\nThe total strength of the Police Force in 1920 was Europeans 178, Indians 477, Chinese 626, making a total of 1,281 exclusive of the five superior officers and staff of clerks and coolies. These figures include police paid for by the Railway and other Government Departments. Of this force 14 Europeans, 132 Indians, and 53 Chinese were stationed in the New Territories during the year.\n\nDuring the year 1920, 7 members of the Hongkong Police Force returned to the Colony from active service, and resumed their police duties. There is still one man who has not yet returned.\n\nPage 355",
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    {
        "id": 492280,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 210,
        "title": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "September 3rd, 1921.]\n\nIn giving judgment, His Lordship said the only legal defence raised by the defendants was that the contract entered into was not an enforcible contract. On that point he had heard evidence and found that the agreement for a lease between the parties was sufficient and valid. The defence therefore failed, and judgment was entered for the plaintiff with costs, the order for possession to be suspended for one month.\n\nDWELLING OR GODOWN?\n\nA claim to recover possession of the ground floor of premises situated in Pottinger Street, and at present occupied by the Cheung Hing firm, was heard before the Puisne Judge (Mr. J. R. Wood), in the Summary Court, on August 31st. The writ set out that the premises in question were used as a godown and not as a domestic tenement within the meaning of the Rents Ordinance.\n\nFor the plaintiff, Wong Tsai, Mr. F. E. Nash appeared; and the claim was opposed on behalf of the defendants by Mr. M. K. Lo.\n\nThe first floor of the same building is also occupied by the defendants and at the outset it was agreed that this portion of the premises was a domestic tenement within the meaning of the Ordinance. The issue was as to whether the two floors were let under a single tenancy, or separately, and Mr. Nash undertook to call evidence to prove that the latter was the case.\n\nIn the witness box the plaintiff stated that the ground floor was let first at a rental of $60, and the first floor later at a rental of $40.\n\nMr. Lo, however, was able to produce rent receipts showing that both floors were let together at a rental of $80 and the Judge decided that the claim should be dismissed.\n\nHis Honour held that the two floors constituted a domestic tenement and that any claim for possession must therefore be brought under the Rents Ordinance. The present application had been made outside the provisions of the Ordinance and must therefore fail.\n\nJudgment was given for the defendants with costs.\n\nCHINA OVERLAND TRADE REPORT\n\nEUROPEAN FINED FOR ASSAULTING AN INDIAN SERGEANT.\n\nThe hearing took place, before Mr. R. E. Lindsell, on August 27th, of the adjourned summonses against John Thompson, master mariner, staying at the Carlton Hotel, alleging disorderly conduct outside the Hongkong Hotel on the night of August 25th, and an assault upon an Indian police sergeant.\n\nThe defendant, who was represented by Mr. D. H. Blake (of Messrs. Wilkinson & Grist), cross-summoned the police sergeant for assault and using abusive language.\n\nMr. T. H. King, the Deputy Superintendent of Police, conducted the case for the prosecution.\n\nPolice Sergeant Nabi Bux, B246, said he had been 22 years in the force and was now on traffic duty. On August 25th, at 8.45 p.m., he was on general patrol duty near the Hongkong Hotel. The sergeant on duty there, L/S B135, asked him to stand by his post for a minute, and he did so. While there, he noticed a yellow chow bitch running under the Hongkong Hotel verandah. It was running after, and barking at people; he saw it do this four times. Afterwards it stood by two Europeans—the defendant and another. He went up to the two Europeans and said, in English \"Please catch this dog; biting any passengers.\" The answer he received was \"Get away, you black...\" Mr. King: Who said that? The witness (pointing to the defendant): This gentleman.\n\nThe witness went on to say that, in response to this, he said, again in English, \"Please you not abuse me; you get this dog.\" Again, with bad language. For the second time he said, \"Why you abuse me, please?\" Defendant said, \"This is not my dog.\" Witness said \"Not your dog, I catch this dog and go police station.\" As he bent to catch the dog, and called it to him, he received a blow on his shoulders from the defendant. Witness was on the roadway at the time; the defendant came out from under the verandah and struck him. Defendant appeared to be about to strike another blow, but witness took hold of him and another constable came and also held him. Together, they took him to the police station. The dog followed, still barking and running at people. Defendant resisted them most of the way to the station.\n\nThe witness said he did not, at any time, use any other words to the defendant beyond what he had said, nor did he abuse him in Hindustani.\n\nMr. King: During this altercation did the other European say or do anything at all? Witness: No, he did not interfere. He took no part but came to the police station with us.\n\nBefore the defendant struck you that blow did you touch him at all?—No.\n\nIn cross-examination, the witness denied that he threatened to shoot the dog or that he used objectionable language to the defendant.\n\nMr. Blake: I put it to you that you did, more than once, and used other words such as \"swine.\"\n\nWitness: No, I do not abuse Chinese. Should I use such language to an English gentleman?\n\nP.-c. B284 saw the beginning of the incident. The Indian sergeant spoke to the Europeans and pointed to the dog. Then he saw the sergeant bend down to the dog and the defendant struck him a blow. The sergeant caught hold of his arm and witness went up and took hold of the other arm. They took him to the police station.\n\nCross-examined: He had met the defendant before. The latter accompanied him to the station, a few days ago, and accused him of assaulting a coolie whom he had arrested.\n\nInspector Grant said that, on arrival at the police station, the defendant was very excited but did not appear to be under the influence of drink. There was no indication that he had been roughly handled by the police; his clothing was not disarranged.\n\nMr. King: Did he make any remarks to the Indian sergeant in the charge room? Witness: He called him several very filthy names, several times; I had to speak to him about it.\n\nMr. King: Call a spade a spade and tell us what he said.\n\nInspector Grant repeated expressions similar to those already given by the Indian Sergeant. Defendant also said that if he got a chance at the Indian sergeant, outside, he would kill him. He mentioned that he wanted to make a charge against the police sergeant but he did not specify it.\n\nMr. Blake called the defendant. Defendant said he was a master mariner, staying at the Carlton Hotel. He had been on the China Coast for 16 or 17 years.\n\nOn Thursday evening, at 8.30 o'clock, when standing outside the Hongkong Hotel, in Des Voeux Road, he noticed an Indian policeman he had taken to the police station a few days previously. The man pointed him out to a police sergeant and laughed. They hailed another Indian sergeant and all three stood near him and laughed. A dog belonging to the Carlton Hotel, which usually followed him, was attracted by a piece of steak carried on a string by a Chinese woman. He called the dog to his feet. The police sergeant said to him, \"Is that your damn dog?\" and he replied, \"No, get away from me; mind your own damn business.\" The police sergeant then said he would shoot the damn dog, and he rejoined \"If you do, I will shoot your damn head off.\" Defendant added that he said that more as a joke than anything.\n\n\"Funny sort of joke,\" commented the Magistrate.\n\nThe witness added that the police sergeant used offensive language to him and lifted him off his feet and kicked him three or four times. He denied striking the policeman; he had more sense than to do that, though he had great provocation. He admitted using bad language to the officer, after the latter had abused him. He had remonstrated with both police officers, before, for harsh treatment of Chinese.\n\nCross-examined: The last ship he commanded was the Chefoo; he had not commanded a ship for 2 years; had been staying at the Carlton Hotel since April 26th; before that in England for two years. He could have had employment but would not accept the positions going. As a white man, he objected to being taken to the station by Indians; in India only European officers were allowed to arrest Europeans.\n\nAlex. Livingston Woods, ship's mate, staying at the Carlton Hotel, said he was with the defendant at the time of the incident. He drew away some paces when the sergeant spoke, not wishing to be involved in the matter. He could not give the exact words used. The first bad language he heard was used by the sergeant. Defendant did not strike the officer, he walked up to him to get a closer view of his number and the sergeant then seized him and shook him.\n\nMr. Blake, addressing the Magistrate, said that there was absence of motive on the defendant's part, but the police might have acted out of spite, on account of protests against their conduct made by the defendant.\n\nThe Magistrate: I find both charges against John Thompson proved. I fine him $15 on the first summons, and $25 on the second. I find the charges against the police sergeant not proved and dismiss them both.\n\nMAGISTRACY.\n\nTHEFT AT THE DOCKS.\n\nMr. S. Williamson, Manager of Messrs. Moller & Company, was the complainant in a charge of stealing a cigarette case brought against a Chinese youth, at the Magistracy, on August 26th, before Mr. R. E. Lindsell. The defendant stated to be an apprentice fitter at Kowloon Docks.\n\nMr. Williamson said that he was on board the Lindsay Moller, on August 25th, when she was being berthed for repairs at Kowloon Docks. He took off his coat and left it on the table outside the captain's cabin. He was absent for some time, and on his return was informed that the defendant was in police custody for theft. He missed his cigarette case and afterwards reported to Inspector Aris, of Hunghom Station, to that effect. Witness was then informed that the cigarette case had been found in the defendant's possession.\n\nThe defendant was sentenced to three months' detention at the Laichikok reformatory.\n\nPage 210\n\nPage 211",
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        "id": 492735,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 88,
        "title": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "- 34 -\n\nHospital opened in 1887, the Nethersole Hospital opened in 1893, the Alice Memorial Maternity Hospital opened in 1904, and the Ho Miu Ling Hospital opened in 1906. The number of in-patients in 1921 was 1,681 and the expenditure $52,252.03. The number of labours in the Maternity Hospital was 450. The Government makes a grant of $300 per annum to these Hospitals.\n\nTo avoid the complete seclusion from friends and relatives, which removal of Chinese plague patients to the Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital entailed, four District Plague Hospitals are now maintained by the Chinese in various parts of the Colony. These hospitals are under the management of the Chinese Public Dispensaries Committee.\n\nThe Kwong Wa Hospital for Chinese in the Kowloon Peninsula was opened on the 9th October, 1911. It occupies a site having an area of three acres and provides accommodation for 210 patients. The existing building contains 70 beds and 4,480 patients were accommodated during 1921. The collection of subscriptions and the supervision of the building were undertaken by a special committee under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. The hospital receives a grant of $8,500 per annum from the Government.\n\nAs will be noticed from the remarks made under the heading Education, the Hongkong University is also an Aided Institution.\n\nVII.—INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT.\n\nOne of the most important institutions in the Colony not supported by the Government is the Matilda Hospital, which stands on a commanding site of nearly three acres at Mount Kellet in the Hill District. An account of this hospital will be found in the report for 1917.\n\nAmong institutions recognised and encouraged, but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Po Leung Kuk, the Eyre Refuge, the City Hall, and the Chinese Public Dispensaries.\n\nThe Po Leung Kuk is a Chinese Society founded in 1878 for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings. It was incorporated in 1893 and is presided over by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and not more than nine directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society. The Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, and almost all women and girls detained by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under that Ordinance are sent to the Po Leung Kuk. During 1921 the number of persons admitted was 355 and at the close of the year 42 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron, and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\n- 35 -\n\nThe Eyre Diocesan Refuge is an institution, under mission auspices, founded for rescue work among the Chinese. It was housed in the Belilios Reformatory up to the outbreak of war, but the work is at present carried on at Kowloon City. A small grant is made by the Government.\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a theatre, some large rooms which are used for balls, meetings, concerts, etc., a museum in which are some very fair specimens, and a large reference and lending library, to which new volumes are added from time to time, as funds will allow. The building was erected in 1866-9 by subscription.\n\nSmall grants are also given to the Italian Convent, the French Convent, (both of which take in and tend abandoned or sick infants), the West Point Orphanage, the Seamen's Hospital, and other charitable institutions.\n\nThe Chinese Public Dispensaries are institutions maintained in order to provide the Chinese with the services of doctors, whose certificates will be accepted by the Registrar of Deaths, and with the services of interpreters, who can assist the inmates of houses, where a case of infectious disease has occurred. Coolies are engaged and ambulances and dead vans provided in order to remove cases of infectious disease to the Infectious Diseases Hospital and dead bodies to the Mortuary. The Dispensaries receive sick infants and send them to one or other of the Convents and arrange for the burial of dead infants. Free advice and medicine are given and patients are attended at their houses. There are eight Dispensaries in existence. The total cost of maintenance was $39,505 for the year 1920. The Government makes an annual grant of $7,000, and the rest of the cost is defrayed by voluntary subscription. The Dispensaries are conducted by committees under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.\n\nVIII. CRIMINAL AND POLICE.\n\nThe total of all cases reported to the Police was 12,242 being an increase of 330 or 2.77 per cent, as compared with 1920. There was in 1921 a decrease in serious offences of 856 or 17.17 per cent, as compared with the previous year. The number of serious offences reported was 2 below the average of the quinquennial period commencing with the year 1917. The number of minor offences reported shows an increase of 1,186 as compared with 1920 and was 1,713 over the average of the quinquennial period.\n\n19\n\n87",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-484 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [1-7]",
        "page_number": 264,
        "title": "CO129-484 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [1-7]",
        "content_text": "## VIII-CRIMINAL AND POLICE\n\nThe total of all cases reported to the Police was 13,939 being an increase of 1,697 or 13.86 per cent. as compared with 1921. There was in 1922 an increase in serious offences of 130 or 3.15 per cent. as compared with the previous year. The number of Serious offences reported was 38 below the average of the quinquennial period commencing with the year 1918. The number of minor offences reported shows an increase of 1,567 as compared with 1921 and was 2,561 over the average of the quinquennial period.\n\nThe total strength of the Police Force in 1922 was Europeans 188, Indians 431, Chinese 762 making a total of 1,381 exclusive of the six superior officers and staff of clerks and coolies. These figures include police paid for by the railway and other Government departments. Of this force 17 Europeans, 118 Indians, and 57 Chinese were stationed in the New Territories during the year.\n\nThe District Watchmen Force, numbering 102, to which the Government contributes $2,000 per annum, was well supported by the Chinese during the year. These watchmen patrol the streets in the Chinese quarter of the City. They are placed on police beats and are supervised by the European police on section patrol. A detective branch of the force has done useful work under the supervision of a European Inspector.\n\nThe total number of persons committed to Victoria Gaol was 5,014 as compared with 4,990 in 1921. Of these 1,358 were committed for criminal offences against 1,732 in 1921. Of committals for non-criminal offences there were 107 more for hawking without a licence, and 5 more for unlawfully boarding steamers, than in 1921.\n\nThe daily average of prisoners confined in the Gaol was 787 the average for 1921 being 764, and the highest previous average being 756 in 1919. The percentage of prisoners to population, according to the daily average of the former and the estimated number of the latter, was 0.12. The average percentage for the last ten years was 0.12. Owing, however, to the large floating population, which is constantly moving between the Colony and Canton, the percentage of crime to population does not convey an accurate idea of the comparative criminality of the residents of the Colony. The Victoria Gaol has accommodation for 700 prisoners including patients in hospital. The Branch Prison at Lai Chi Kok has accommodation for 200 prisoners in association.\n\nThe prison discipline was very satisfactory, the average of punishments per prisoner being 0.52 as compared with 12.6 in 1921 and 0.99 in 1920.\n\nLong sentence prisoners serving two years and upwards are taught useful trades, including printing, book-binding, tin-smithing, etc.\n\n-34- \n\nThe Po Leung Kuk was incorporated in 1893 and is presided over by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and not more than twelve directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society. The Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, and almost all women and girls detained by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under that Ordinance are sent to the Po Leung Kuk. During 1922 the number of persons admitted was 255 and at the close of the year 42 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron, and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\nThe Diocesan Refuge is an institution, under mission auspices, founded for rescue work among the Chinese. It was housed in the Bolilios Reformatory up to the outbreak of war, but the work is at present carried on at Kowloon City. A small grant is made by the Government.\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a theatre, some large rooms which are used for balls, meetings, concerts, etc., a museum in which are some very fair specimens, and a large reference and lending library, to which new volumes are added from time to time, as funds will allow. The building was erected in 1866-9 by subscription.\n\nSmall grants are also given to the Italian Convent, the French Convent (both of which take in and tend abandoned or sick infants), the West Point Orphanage, the Seamen's Hospital, and other charitable institutions.\n\nThe Chinese Public Dispensaries are institutions maintained in order to provide the Chinese with the services of doctors, whose certificates will be accepted by the Registrar of Deaths, and with the services of interpreters, who can assist the inmates of houses where a case of infectious disease has occurred.\n\nCoolies are engaged and ambulances and dead vans provided in order to remove cases of infectious disease to the Infectious Diseases Hospital and dead bodies to the Mortuary. The Dispensaries receive sick infants and send them to one or other of the Convents and arrange for the burial of dead infants. Free advice and medicine are given and patients are attended at their houses. There are eight Dispensaries in existence. The total cost of maintenance was $47,801 for the year 1922. The Government makes an annual grant of $7,000, and the rest of the cost is defrayed by voluntary subscription. The Dispensaries are conducted by committees under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.\n\n— \n35 \n— \n20 \n254",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 122,
        "title": "CO129-485 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "## Institutions Supported by Government\n\nThe Tung Wa also maintain a branch hospital for small-pox cases (Chinese only) at Kennedy Town. It contains 60 beds and during 1923, 229 cases were treated.\n\nThe Alice Memorial and Affiliated Hospitals are managed and controlled by a General Committee consisting of subscribers and supporters of these institutions, and an Executive Committee consisting of representatives of the London Missionary Society and members of the General Committee.\n\nThe Affiliated Hospitals at present consist of the Alice Memorial Hospital Dispensary, temporarily replacing the Alice Memorial Hospital which was sold in 1921, the Nethersole Hospital, opened in 1893, the Alice Memorial Maternity Hospital opened in 1904, and the Ho Miu Ling Hospital opened in 1906.\n\nThe number of Inpatients in 1923 was 1,623, and the number of Outpatients, 15,892.\n\nThe total Expenditure was $57,934.22. The number of Labours in the Maternity Hospital in 1923 was 456. The Government grant to these Hospitals is $2,000.00 and a special grant is made to the Maternity Hospital of $300.00.\n\nThe Kwong Wa Hospital for Chinese in the Kowloon Peninsula was opened on the 9th October, 1911. It occupies a site having an area of three acres and provides accommodation for 210 patients. The existing buildings contain 244 beds and 6,039 patients were accommodated during 1923. The collection of subscriptions and the supervision of the building were undertaken by a special committee under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. The hospital receives a grant of $8,500 per annum from the Government.\n\n## Institutions Not Supported by Government\n\nOne of the most important institutions in the Colony not supported by the Government is the Matilda Hospital, which stands on a commanding site of nearly three acres at Mount Kellet in the Hill District. An account of this hospital will be found in the report for 1917.\n\nAmong institutions recognised and encouraged, but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Po Leung Kuk, the Eyre Refuge, the City Hall, and the Chinese Public Dispensaries.\n\nThe Po Leung Kuk is a Chinese Society founded in 1878 for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings. It was incorporated in 1893 and is presided over by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and not more than twelve directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society. The Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, and almost all women and girls detained by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under that Ordinance are sent to the Po Leung Kuk. During 1923 the number of persons admitted was 393 and at the close of the year 66 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron, and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\nThe Eyre Diocesan Refuge is an institution, under mission auspices, founded for rescue work among the Chinese. It was housed in the Belilios Reformatory up to the outbreak of war, but the work is at present carried on at Kowloon City. A small grant is made by the Government.\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a theatre, some large rooms which are used for balls, meetings, concerts, etc., a museum in which are some very fair specimens, and a large reference and lending library, to which new volumes are added from time to time, as funds will allow. The building was erected in 1866-9 by subscription.\n\nSmall grants are also given to the Italian Convent, the French Convent, (both of which take in and tend abandoned or sick infants), the West Point Orphanage, the Seamen's Hospital, and other charitable institutions.\n\nThe Chinese Public Dispensaries are institutions maintained in order to provide the Chinese with the services of doctors, whose certificates will be accepted by the Registrar of Deaths, and with the services of interpreters, who can assist the inmates of houses where a case of infectious disease has occurred.\n\nCoolies are engaged and ambulances and dead vans provided in order to remove cases of infectious disease to the Infectious Diseases Hospital and dead bodies to the Mortuary. The Dispensaries receive sick infants and send them to one or other of the Convents and arrange for the burial of dead infants. Free advice and medicine are given and patients are attended at their houses. There are eight Dispensaries in existence. The total cost of maintenance was $47,984 for the year 1923. The Government makes an annual grant of $12,000, and the rest of the cost is defrayed by voluntary subscription. The Dispensaries are conducted by committees under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7]",
        "page_number": 81,
        "title": "CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7]",
        "content_text": "## Financial Minute No.\n\nLaid before Council and recommended by the Finance Committee. Approved by Council.\n\n| Vote and Service | Explanation | Amount |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 77 |  | 84 |\n| 85 | Public Works Extraordinary Hongkong. Miscellaneous. Fitting out New Offices. | $20,000.00 |\n|  | Required for furnishing the offices taken over on three floors of the P. & O. Building to accommodate the Port, Electric, and other Departments. |  |\n| 86 | Public Works Recurrent. Hongong Communication. | $3200.00 |\n| 87 | (b) Miscellaneous. | $6500.00 |\n|  | (a) The amount included in the Estimate for Telephone cables found insufficient owing to increase in cost of general maintenance. (b) Expenditure necessary in connection with the Air Survey of the Colony by H.M.S. \"Pegasus\" |  |\n|  | Required in connection with reorganisation of the Engineer Company. |  |\n| 88 | Medical Department. Other Charges. Civil Hospital, Kennedy Town | $14,700.00 |\n| 89 | Victoria Hospital | $1,500.00 |\n| 90 | Bacteriological Inst. | $5,700.00 |\n| 91 | Military Expenditure. Other Charges. Uniform. | $4000.00 |\n| 92 | Fire Brigade. Other Charges. | $6500.00 |\n| 93 | Public Works Extraordinary. Miscellaneous. Belilios Reformatory. | $15,000.00 |\n|  | All these items have been exceeded owing to the increase in cost of provisions, etc., and number of patients. |  |\n|  | Underestimated. The increase in the numbers of the Corps has exceeded expectation. |  |\n|  | Votes exceeded owing to increase in numbers of men and appliances since the estimates were framed. |  |\n|  | The Belilios reformatory at present occupied by the Eyre Refuge was severely damaged by the typhoons and required complete overhaul. |  |\n| 11 | Prison Department. Other Charges. |  |\n|  | (a) Fuel. | $2700.00 |\n|  | (b) Incidental Expenditure. | $3400.00 |\n|  | (a) Increase of contract price of firewood. |  |\n|  | (b) Rent of houses for married Indian officers. |  |\n|  | Colonial Secretary's Department. Other Charges. |  |\n|  | (a) Gas, Electric Light, etc. | $150.00 |\n|  | Hansard Reports. | $160.00 |\n|  | Incidental Expenses | $150.00 |\n|  | (a) Increased number of lights and fans in Council Chamber, |  |\n|  | (b) & (c) Votes exceeded owing to unforeseen minor expenses. |  |\n|  | Police Department. Other Charges. |  |\n|  | Passages. | $55,000.00 |\n|  | (a) Vote exceeded owing to the unusual number of passages required for new recruits and for police invalided. |  |\n|  | (b) Subsistence of Prisoners. | $1,000.00 |\n|  | (b) Increase in number of persons provided for and prices of provisions. |  |\n\n16th October, 1924.\n\n3rd November, 1924 Volunteer Defence Corps. Special Expenditure. Equipment. $4000.00",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-492 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1925 [12] - 1926 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 188,
        "title": "CO129-492 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1925 [12] - 1926 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "30\n\nThe Tung Wa also maintain a branch hospital for small-pox cases (Chinese only) at Kennedy Town. It contains 70 beds and during 1924, 147 cases were treated.\n\nThe Alice Memorial and Affiliated Hospitals are managed and controlled by a General Committee consisting of subscribers and supporters of these institutions, and an Executive Committee consisting of representatives of the London Missionary Society and members of the General Committee.\n\nThe Affiliated Hospitals at present consist of the Alice Memorial Hospital Dispensary, temporarily replacing the Alice Memorial Hospital which was sold in 1921, the Nethersole Hospital, opened in 1893, the Alice Memorial Maternity Hospital opened in 1904, and the Ho Min Ling Hospital opened in 1906.\n\nThe number of Inpatients in 1924 was 1,712, and the number of Outpatients, 13,504.\n\nThe total Expenditure was $58,133.93. The number of Labours in the Maternity Hospital in 1924 was 524. The Government grant to these Hospitals is $2,000.00 and a special grant is made to the Maternity Hospital of $300.00.\n\nThe Kwong Wa Hospital for Chinese in the Kowloon Peninsula was opened on the 9th October, 1911. It occupies a site having an area of three acres and provides accommodation for 210 patients. The existing buildings contain 211 beds and 6,688 patients were accommodated during 1924. The collection of subscriptions and the supervision of the building were undertaken by a special committee under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. The hospital receives a grant of $8,500 per annum from the Government.\n\nVII.—INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT.\n\n31\n\nOne of the most important institutions in the Colony not supported by the Government is the Matilda Hospital, which stands on a commanding site of nearly three acres at Mount Kellet in the Hill District. An account of this hospital will be found in the report for 1917.\n\nAmong institutions recognised and encouraged, but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Po Leung Kuk, the Eyre Refuge, the City Hall, and the Chinese Public Dispensaries.\n\nThe Po Leung Kuk is a Chinese Society founded in 1878 for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings. It was incorporated in 1893 and is presided over by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and not more than twelve directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society. The Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, and almost all women and girls detained by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under that Ordinance are sent to the Po Leung Kuk. During 1924 the number of persons admitted was 412 and at the close of the year 69 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron, and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\nThe Eyre Diocesan Refuge is an institution, under mission auspices, founded for rescue work among the Chinese, housed in the Belilios Reformatory up to the outbreak of war, but the work is at present carried on at Kowloon City. A small grant is made by the Government.\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a theatre, some large rooms which are used for balls, meetings, concerts, etc., a museum in which are some very fair specimens, and a large reference and lending library, to which new volumes are added from time to time, as funds will allow. The building was erected in 1866-9 by subscription.\n\nSmall grants are also given to the Italian Convent, the French Convent, (both of which take in and tend abandoned or sick infants), the West Point Orphanage, the Seamen's Hospital, and other charitable institutions.\n\nThe Chinese Public Dispensaries are institutions maintained in order to provide the Chinese with the services of doctors, whose certificates will be accepted by the Registrar of Deaths, and with the services of interpreters, who can assist the inmates of houses, where a case of infectious disease has occurred.\n\nCoolies are engaged and ambulances and dead vans provided in order to remove cases of infectious disease to the Infectious Diseases Hospital and dead bodies to the Mortuary. The Dispensaries receive sick infants and send them to one or other of the Convents and arrange for the burial of dead infants. Free advice and medicine are given and patients are attended at their houses. There are eight Dispensaries in existence. The total cost of maintenance was $62,738 for the year 1924. The Government makes an annual grant of $12,000, and the rest of the cost is defrayed by voluntary subscription. The Dispensaries are conducted by committees under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.\n\n183",
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        "document_key": "CO129-492 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1925 [12] - 1926 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 206,
        "title": "CO129-492 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1925 [12] - 1926 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "30 -- \n\nThe Tung Wa also maintain a branch hospital for small-pox cases (Chinese only) at Kennedy Town. It contains 70 beds and during 1924, 147 cases were treated.\n\nThe Alice Memorial and Affiliated Hospitals are managed and controlled by a General Committee consisting of subscribers and supporters of these institutions, and an Executive Committee consisting of representatives of the London Missionary Society and members of the General Committee.\n\nThe Affiliated Hospitals at present consist of the Alice Memorial Hospital Dispensary, temporarily replacing the Alice Memorial Hospital which was sold in 1921, the Nethersole Hospital, opened in 1893, the Alice Memorial Maternity Hospital opened in 1904, and the Ho Miu Ling Hospital opened in 1906.\n\nThe number of Inpatients in 1924 was 1,712, and the number of Outpatients, 13,504.\n\nThe total Expenditure was $58,133.93. The number of Labours in the Maternity Hospital in 1924 was 524. The Government grant to these Hospitals is $2,000.00 and a special grant is made to the Maternity Hospital of $300.00\n\nThe Kwong Wa Hospital for Chinese in the Kowloon Peninsula was opened on the 9th October, 1911. It occupies a site having an area of three acres and provides accommodation for 210 patients. The existing buildings contain 211 beds and 4,688 patients were accommodated during 1924. The collection of subscriptions and the supervision of the building were undertaken by a special committee under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. The hospital receives a grant of $8,500 per annum from the Government.\n\nVII.-INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT.\n\nOne of the most important institutions in the Colony not supported by the Government is the Matilda Hospital, which stands on a commanding site of nearly three acres at Mount Kellet in the Hill District. An account of this hospital will be found in the report for 1917.\n\nAmong institutions recognised and encouraged, but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Po Leung Kuk, the Eyre Refuge, the City Hall, and the Chinese Public Dispensaries.\n\n31-\n\nThe Po Leung Kuk is a Chinese Society founded in 1878 for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings. It was incorporated in 1893 and is presided over by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and not more than twelve directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society. The Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, and almost all women and girls detained by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under that Ordinance are sent to the Po Leung Kuk. During 1924 the number of persons admitted was 412 and at the close of the year 60 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron, and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\nThe Eyre Diocesan Refuge is an institution, under mission auspices, founded for rescue work among the Chinese. housed in the Belilios Reformatory up to the outbreak of war, but the work is at present carried on at Kowloon City. A small grant is made by the Government.\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a theatre, some large rooms which are used for balls, meetings, concerts, etc., a museum in which are some very fair specimens, and a large reference and lending library, to which new volumes are added from time to time, as funds will allow. The building was erected in 1868-9 by subscription.\n\nSmall grants are also given to the Italian Convent, the French Convent, (both of which take in and tend abandoned or sick infants), the West Point Orphanage, the Seamen's Hospital, and other charitable institutions.\n\nThe Chinese Public Dispensaries are institutions maintained in order to provide the Chinese with the services of doctors, whose certificates will be accepted by the Registrar of Deaths, and with the services of interpreters, who can assist the inmates of houses, where a case of infectious disease has occurred.\n\nCoolies are engaged and ambulances and dead vans provided in order to remove cases of infectious disease to the Infectious Diseases Hospital and dead bodies to the Mortuary. The Dispensaries receive sick infants and send them to one or other of the Convents and arrange for the burial of dead infants. Free advice and medicine are given and patients are attended at their houses. There are eight Dispensaries in existence. The total cost of maintenance was $62,738 for the year 1924. The Government makes an annual grant of $12,000, and the rest of the cost is defrayed by voluntary subscription. The Dispensaries are conducted by committees under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.\n\n201",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-7 Annual general report- 1925 26-11-1926 - 8-6-1927",
        "page_number": 31,
        "title": "CO129-501-7 Annual general report- 1925 26-11-1926 - 8-6-1927",
        "content_text": "## VII-INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT\n\nOne of the most important institutions in the Colony not supported by the Government is the Matilda Hospital, which stands on a commanding site of nearly three acres at Mount Kellet in the Hill District. An account of this hospital will be found in the report for 1917.\n\nAmong institutions recognised and encouraged, but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Pó Leung Kuk, the Eyre Refuge, the City Hall, and the Chinese Public Dispensaries.\n\nThe Pó Leung Kuk is a Chinese Society founded in 1878 for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings. It was incorporated in 1893 and is presided over by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and not more than twelve directors nominated by the Governor. The actual management is entrusted to a committee elected annually by the members of the Society. The Society's buildings have been declared a Refuge under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, and almost all women and girls detained by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under that Ordinance are sent to the Pó Leung Kuk. During 1925 the number of persons admitted was 297 and at the close of the year 62 remained under the care of the Society. The inmates are under the immediate charge of a Chinese matron, and instruction is given them by the matron and a Chinese teacher in elementary subjects and in needlework.\n\nThe Eyre Diocesan Refuge is an institution, under mission auspices, founded for rescue work among the Chinese, housed in the Belilios Reformatory up to the outbreak of war, but the work is at present carried on at Kowloon City. A small grant is made by the Government.\n\nThe City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It contains a theatre, some large rooms which are used for balls, meetings, concerts, etc., a museum in which are some very fair specimens, and a large reference and lending library, to which new volumes are added from time to time, as funds will allow. The building was erected in 1866-9 by subscription.\n\nSmall grants are also given to the Italian Convent, the French Convent, (both of which take in and tend abandoned or sick infants), the West Point Orphanage, the Seamen's Hospital, and other charitable institutions.\n\nThe Chinese Public Dispensaries are institutions maintained in order to provide the Chinese with the services of doctors, whose certificates will be accepted by the Registrar of Deaths, and with the services of interpreters, who can assist the inmates of houses, where a case of infectious disease has occurred. Coolies are engaged and ambulances and dead vans provided in order to remove cases of infectious disease to the Infectious Diseases Hospital and dead bodies to the Mortuary. The Dispensaries receive sick infants and send them to one or other of the Convents and arrange for the burial of dead infants. Free advice and medicine are given and patients are attended at their houses. There are eight Dispensaries in existence. The total cost of maintenance was $77,375 for the year 1925. The Government makes an annual grant of $12,000, and the rest of the cost is defrayed by voluntary subscription. The Dispensaries are conducted by committees under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.\n\n## \n30\n\nThe Tung Wah also maintain a branch hospital for small-pox. It contains 70 beds and cases (Chinese only) at Kennedy Town; during 1925, 23 cases were treated.\n\nThe Alice Memorial and Affiliated Hospitals are managed and controlled by a General Committee consisting of subscribers and supporters of these institutions, and an Executive Committee consisting of representatives of the London Missionary Society and members of the General Committee.\n\nThe Affiliated Hospitals at present consist of the Alice Memorial Hospital Dispensary, temporarily replacing the Alice Memorial Hospital which was sold in 1921, the Nethersole Hospital, opened in 1893, the Alice Memorial Maternity Hospital opened in 1904, and the Ho Miu Ling Hospital opened in 1900.\n\n| Category        | Number   |\n|-----------------|----------|\n| Inpatients      | 1,402    |\n| Outpatients     | 81,715   |\n| Total Expenditure | $60,360.51 |\n| Labours in Maternity Hospital | 420    |\n\nThe Government grant to these Hospitals is $2,000.00 and a special grant is made to the Maternity Hospital of $300.00.\n\nThe Kwong Wa Hospital for Chinese in the Kowloon Peninsula was opened on the 9th October, 1911. It occupies a site having an area of three acres and provides accommodation for 215 patients. The existing buildings contain 215 beds and 6,862 patients were accommodated during 1925. The collection of subscriptions and the supervision of the building were undertaken by a special committee under the chairmanship of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. The hospital received a grant of $33,500 in 1925 from the Government.\n\nPage 30\nPage 31\nPage 42\nPage 43",
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        "document_key": "CO129-519-12 Grant of land to University of Hong Kong 19-11-1929 - 19-11-1929",
        "page_number": 5,
        "title": "CO129-519-12 Grant of land to University of Hong Kong 19-11-1929 - 19-11-1929",
        "content_text": "## Map Legend and Key\n\nThe text appears to be a mix of map labels and keys. Here is the reconstructed text in Markdown format.\n\n### Map Labels\n\n- **CLARENCE**\n- **ONG TSUI**\n- **WACHER SHOP**\n- **PUBLIC MORTUAR**\n- **PUMPING STATION**\n- **SURVEY OFFICE**\n- **EUROPEAN RESERVATION**\n- **ROMAN CATHOLIC REFORMATORY**\n- **CHURCH MISSION HOUSE**\n- **SUNNYSIDE LAWN BUILDING**\n- **UNIVERSITY**\n- **KINGS COLLEGE**\n- **HYDRAULIC LABORATORY**\n- **PLAYING GROUND**\n\n### Map Key\n\n| Label | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| GL 33 | 1802 |\n| 834 | HQ TUAK |\n| J. L. 795 | TUCK STREET |\n| P. W. D. |  |\n| G. L. | 43, 1095, 1859 |\n| I. L. | 2484, 2485 |\n| 11.1710 | X |\n| 796 | KWONG TERRACE |\n| 797 |  |\n| 753 | SUNNYSIDE LAWN BUILDING |\n| 816 |  |\n| 799 | ROSELAN |\n| 679 | FUK LUK LANK |\n| 825 |  |\n| 681 |  |\n| 693 |  |\n| 692 |  |\n\n### Map Details\n\n- **AREAS ACQUIRED BY UNIVERSITY**: CROSS, HATCHED NEUTRAL\n- **BOUNDARY OF UNIVERSITY**: EDGED NEUTRAL\n- **SCALE**: 160 FT. = 1 INCH\n\n### Other Text\n\n- Page numbers: 190, 191\n- File references: Not explicitly mentioned, but some labels may refer to file numbers or codes (e.g., `GL 33`, `I. L. 2484`).\n- Other labels and numbers that appear on the map, including street names (e.g., `YUK MING ST.`, `ROSELAN`), building names, and numbers (e.g., `1802`, `1853`, `609`, `1714`, `1877`, `1924`, `2012`, `2154`, `2260`).",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-527-9 Proposed establishment of industrial school for boys. Question of Catholic and Salvation Army influence 8-7-1930 - 31-10-1930",
        "page_number": 14,
        "title": "CO129-527-9 Proposed establishment of industrial school for boys. Question of Catholic and Salvation Army influence 8-7-1930 - 31-10-1930",
        "content_text": "## \n14 \n\nThe class may be sent to industrial schools. The tendency, however, is in the direction of drawing no sharp distinction between the two classes, and it is proposed in future legislation to abandon the distinction between industrial and reformatory schools.\n\nMr. Clynes observes that it is intended to accommodate about 300 boys in the proposed Industrial School in Hong Kong. Schools of this size were to be found in England some years ago, but experience has shown that with difficult boys, strong personal influences are required for the building up of character, and it is difficult for any single individual who may be in control of such a school as Headmaster to bring his influence to bear on so large a number. The schools in England are now generally limited to between 100 and 150 boys, and the results of this policy have been highly beneficial.\n\nMost of the industrial and reformatory schools are still under voluntary management, though supported by public funds, and are denominational in character - that is to say, Roman Catholic boys are sent to Roman Catholic schools. In this way, the Home Office has come into contact with a good many schools staffed by religious orders. One of the main difficulties about this type of institution is that there are often frequent changes of staff, which may react detrimentally on the interests of the school, and close inspection has been found desirable. Schools run by religious orders are sometimes apt to suffer from the absence of any women on the staff or committee of management. The Home Office has, in such cases, insisted on the appointment of a Matron and Nurse, with the result that the health of the boys showed marked improvement.\n\nIn all schools for neglected and delinquent children and young...",
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    {
        "id": 526539,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-527-9 Proposed establishment of industrial school for boys. Question of Catholic and Salvation Army influence 8-7-1930 - 31-10-1930",
        "page_number": 18,
        "title": "CO129-527-9 Proposed establishment of industrial school for boys. Question of Catholic and Salvation Army influence 8-7-1930 - 31-10-1930",
        "content_text": "## 2.\n\n18 \n\ncan now be raised locally, mainly by donations from generous Chinese supporters who have already shown great interest in this proposal.\n\n## 2.\n\nAlthough the title \"Reformatory\" is avoided, the school would, it is hoped, go some way towards meeting the total lack in this Colony of a Reformatory for young Chinese boys who have committed petty crimes and who may tend to grow up into habitual criminals. It would also train up into useful citizens many poor boys with a perfectly clean record, who through poverty and bad companionship might otherwise develop into criminals. Previous attempts to establish a Reformatory in Hong Kong have not been successful. As long ago as 1900, a building was presented to the Colony by the late Mr. Belilios for use as a Reformatory School. A staff was brought out from England, and Ordinance No.11 of 1901, which was forwarded for signification of His Majesty's pleasure under cover of Sir Henry Blake's despatch No.318 of the 20th of August, 1901, was drawn up with this institution in mind. Failure in that instance was put down to the decision to confine admission to the children of Chinese British-subjects, since to admit aliens would have meant that a great many Chinese boys not belonging to Hong Kong would have become a burden to the Colony, and repatriation to China was considered a quicker method of dealing with them. The majority of these young criminals arrive in the Colony from Chinese Territory, and it is in Canton rather than Hong Kong that a Reformatory seems to be needed. The objection still remains to the establishment of a Government Reformatory which would soon be filled with boys who do not really belong to Hong Kong. The present suggestion, however, for a privately-managed and Government-subsidized Industrial Home will, I consider",
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    {
        "id": 529751,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-533-12 Additional revenue proposals- revision of postal rates 2-3-1931 - 8-10-1931",
        "page_number": 63,
        "title": "CO129-533-12 Additional revenue proposals- revision of postal rates 2-3-1931 - 8-10-1931",
        "content_text": "# \n## Second period 1860-1877.\n## Third period 1878-1900.\n\nIn 1850 the Committee of Education says in reporting on the aided schools all the teachers are professed Christians; and it names Bishop Bone's catechism in a list of the school books—a Chinese translation compulsorily taught to the sons of unbelieving peasants by professed converts.\n\nAt this period there were besides St. Andrew's 18 Government schools with an average attendance of 400; and 4 Missionary schools, 2 Protestant and 2 Roman Catholic, with an average attendance of less than 100 pupils.\n\nThe rudiments of English were first taught in the Government Schools at about this time.\n\nMeanwhile a change of opinion had been gaining ground. Dr. Legge was opposed to every form of State religion; and when in 1859 he became predominant in the councils of education, he led a successful movement to modify the existing policy of the Government, which might have been summed up in the words, Christianity through letters: proselytising rather than education was the keynote.\n\nThe second period in the history of education in the Colony may be considered as dating from 1860. In that year Dr. Legge acted as Chairman of the Committee (now termed Board of Education). Supported by the new Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, he merged certain of the small Government Schools into a Central School, which, under the name of Queen's College, is to-day the most important school in Hong Kong. The first headmaster, Dr. Stewart, was also appointed Inspector of Schools to the Board. In 1865 the Board of Education was abolished.\n\nThis completed Dr. Legge's revolution. The Education Department was now no longer under the direction of the Bishop of Victoria; it became a civil department under the Inspector of Schools directly responsible to the Governor. The Diocesan School and Orphanage for Boys was founded in 1870.\n\nThe Roman Catholic Bishop Raimondi was a keen educationist. Under his influence the Roman Catholic Schools had by 1871 increased to thirteen in number with over 600 pupils, half of whom were girls. The West Point Reformatory was one of these Schools. In the same year the Protestant Missionary Schools could only show an attendance of something over 100 children.\n\nFor all this time and till 1871 no financial support of any importance was given to Missionary Schools. Apparently they charged no fees; and thus Hong Kong was in this happy position, that a very large part of its educational responsibilities was borne by charitably disposed persons at home.\n\nThe year 1872 is of importance as being the first in which a Grant was offered to schools belonging to the Christian Missions. A code was drawn up, containing a condition to which great importance appears to have been attached at the time: no religious instruction was allowed during four consecutive working hours each day. With 1877 the second period draws to a close.\n\nWhilst in the first period the Government rivalled the missionaries in a race to Christianise the community by means of education, in the second, on the other hand, it confined itself to secular instruction, and, so far from supporting the missions, declined to associate with them, except on the clear understanding that money paid for education should not and could not be used for proselytising.\n\n## \nAn amended Grant Code was issued in 1878 which stipulated that Code subjects should be taught for four hours daily, but otherwise left it absolutely in the hands of the managers how and when religious instruction should be given. Thenceforward Government and Protestant and Roman Catholic Schools have worked harmoniously side by side, with nothing worse than a very friendly rivalry between them.\n\nDr. Eitel was appointed Inspector of Schools in 1879. He held the popular laissez-faire views of his day, and was opposed to state schools where avoidable. In the one year 1893 eleven Government Schools were closed on the ground that they had been rendered unnecessary by new Grant Schools.\n\nDr. Eitel did not, like Dr. Stewart, combine the duties of Inspector of Schools and Headmaster Queen's College. Dr. Wright was appointed Headmaster. He and Dr. Eitel were unable to agree in their views, with the result that Queen's College was made independent of the Inspector of Schools. Thus education in the Colony became a thing of divided counsels for many years, and though the system no longer exists some of its evil effects are hardly obliterated.\n\nIn 1894 the Grant Code was amended and provision made for Building Grants. In 1897 Dr. Eitel was succeeded by Mr. A. W. Brewin, who was succeeded by the writer in 1901.\n\n## Fourth period 1901-1910.\n\nIn that year an Education Committee consisting of Mr. Brewin, Registrar-General, Dr. Ho Kai, and the writer, reported at considerable length upon the unsatisfactory condition of education in the Colony, and many of the reforms since instituted may be referred back to this Committee. It emphasised the need of introducing oral methods in the teaching of English, modern ideas respecting history and geography, and the cultivation by Chinese students of their own language.\n\nThe system of giving grants which had hitherto been entirely and unashamedly by results was brought more closely into accord with modern ideas, and the Grant Code amended accordingly. The need for more practical and better teaching in the Vernacular Schools was insisted on.\n\nThe Technical Institute was founded in 1907, under the governorship of Sir Matthew Nathan. Upon the retirement of Dr. Wright in 1909 the Department was reconsolidated under one Head, the Director of Education.\n\nThe idea of founding a University in Hong Kong was by no means new; but the rapid advance of English education during the last preceding years had made it a practical possibility. In the governorship of Sir F. Lugard (1907-1912) the liberality of the late Sir Hormusjee Moody supplied a building; and public interest now deeply stirred, not only locally but in China and among Chinese in the Straits and elsewhere abroad, provided the funds. The Hong Kong University was opened in 1911, and with it the present chapter of education in Hong Kong begins. A bold piece of legislation in 1918 the Education Ordinance—established the compulsory inspection of schools. The total nett expenditure on education in 1901 was $60,668, in 1913 it was $269,164, of which only about $15,000 was spent on primary Vernacular Schools, i.e., roughly speaking, on primary education.\n\nIn the period 1901-1913 the average number of pupils in Government and Grant Schools receiving instruction through the medium of the English language (roughly the equivalent of secondary education) increased by 60 per cent., while the corresponding increase for Vernacular Schools was only 10 per cent. In the same period the English-teaching Staff in Government Schools increased from 27 to 98 in number.\n\nIt will be noticed from the concluding paragraphs of the above extract that a very small proportion of the Government's expenditure on education was at that time devoted to primary education. This continues to be so, and is a feature of the Colony's educational system which is open to criticism, for the reason amongst others that, broadly speaking, primary education is all that the poorer Chinese can afford, and the Government is therefore giving least help to those who are least able to help themselves. However, the terms 'primary' and 'secondary' are used in a somewhat arbitrary and slightly confusing manner in Hong Kong, and their use in this Report will therefore as far as possible be avoided.\n\n## \nThe most interesting events in education since 1914 may be summed up as follows. The training of graduate teachers by Hong Kong University has begun to exercise an important influence on the Government schools in which they are employed. Other developments in the training of teachers have been the opening of a Normal School for women in 1921, and another for men, on the mainland, in 1926. King's College, now the biggest of the Government schools, was rehoused in fine and costly new premises in 1928. The opening of a Junior Technical School in 1933, and the fact that plans have been passed for a new Technical Institute, show that serious attention is now being given to technical education, formerly almost entirely neglected.\n\nAnother important change was made in 1933, the effects of which it is too early to estimate. Up till then the scholars in Government and Grant-in-Aid schools had been entered for the Cambridge Junior Local Examination in Class 2, and for Hong Kong University's Matriculation in Class I, the top class of the schools. It was then decided, for reasons which will be given later in this Report, to substitute for these two examinations a single School Certificate Examination, to be taken by all scholars in Class I, and carrying, under certain conditions, Hong Kong Matriculation with it. Though this examination, which is to be conducted by the University, will be held for the first time in June, 1935, its syllabus has exercised throughout 1934 a dominating influence over the work of the schools.\n\n*Mr. E. Irving.*",
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    {
        "id": 532583,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-537-2 Industry and Reformatory Schools Ordinance 1932 17-3-1932 - 29-4-1933",
        "page_number": 30,
        "title": "CO129-537-2 Industry and Reformatory Schools Ordinance 1932 17-3-1932 - 29-4-1933",
        "content_text": "32\n\n33\n\n\"at any time\" omitted.\n\ntr and added.\n\nQ fore \"child\"\n\nPower to apprentice Offender.\n\nfor \"Ordinand hos 5\" 附 (apprentis) words of the \"expires\" omims.\n\nSer Vase of Correspo ondena.\n\nReferens Балинов vote omitted \"or equipping\" added.\n\n\"equipment\" addid.\n\nExpenses of certified industrial schools.\n\n\"cutifies industial\" added.\n\nSee Table of Correspondanes\n\nPower to\n\n6 -\n\nPower to apprentice youthful offender.\n\n21.-(1) The manager of a reformatory or certified industrial school may if the youthful offender consents thereto and with the approval of the Governor, bind any youthful offender detained under this Ordinance as an apprentice notwithstanding that his period of detention has not expired.\n\n(2) Any youthful offender who is bound as aforesaid and who absconds from the service of his master shall be liable to be arrested without warrant and brought before a court of competent jurisdiction and shall be liable to imprisonment for any term not exceeding three months and may be ordered by the court to return to the place in which he was detained before his apprenticeship there to complete his period of detention, provided that such youthful offender shall not be detained longer than until he attains the age of eighteen years.\n\nExpenses of Certified Industrial Schools.\n\n22. (1) The Governor in Council may order the payment from the Colonial Treasury of such sums of money and upon such conditions as he thinks fit towards the alteration, enlargement, rebuilding or equipping of a certified industrial school, or towards the purchase of any land required for the use of an existing certified industrial school, or for the site of any school intended to be a certified industrial school.\n\n(2) No payment for the alteration, enlargement, equipment, establishment or building of a certified industrial school or intended certified industrial school, or for the purchase of land, shall be ordered or made unless previously approved by resolution of the Legislative Council.\n\nExpenses of youthful offenders.\n\n23. The Governor or any person appointed by him may contract with the manager of any certified industrial school for the reception and maintenance therein of any youthful offender in consideration of such payments as are agreed on.\n\nExpenses of offenders.\n\n24. (1) Any court having power to order a youthful offender to be sent to a reformatory or certified industrial school shall have power to make orders on the parent of the youthful offender to contribute for the whole or any part of the expenses of the youthful offender during the period of detention such sums as the court may think fit and may of its own motion, or on the application of any person, from time to time revoke or vary such orders or remit wholly or partially any payment ordered to be made under this section.\n\n(2) Any such order may be made on the complaint or application of the manager of the reformatory or certified industrial school to which the youthful offender is ordered to be sent or on the complaint or application of the Inspector General of Police and either at the time when the youthful offender is ordered to be sent to the reformatory or certified industrial school or subsequently, and the sums ordered to be contributed shall be paid to such persons as the court may name.\n\n(3) A court having power to make an order for contribution under this section may issue an order requiring the parent to attend and show cause why an order for contribution should not be made, and an order for contribution under this section may be made on a parent who, having been required to attend, has failed to do so, but, save as aforesaid, no such order shall be made without giving the parent or guardian an opportunity of being heard.\n\n(4) A court making an order for contribution under this section shall have regard to the means of the person on whom such order shall be made.\n\n(5) Any sums ordered to be contributed by a parent under this section may be recovered from him by distress or imprisonment in like manner as if the same were a fine legally imposed on him by the Court.\n\n(6) Where an order for contribution has been made under this section the person on whom such order has been made shall give notice of any change of address to the Inspector General of Police and, if he fails to do so without reasonable excuse, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding One hundred dollars.\n\nOffences in relation to Reformatory and Certified Industrial Schools.\n\n25. Any youthful offender detained in a reformatory or certified industrial school who-\n\n(a) wilfully neglects or wilfully refuses to conform to the rules thereof; or\n\n(b) is guilty of wilful insubordination against the discipline thereof;\n\nshall be liable to be punished in the manner prescribed by the rules of the said reformatory or certified industrial school.\n\nof refractory offender.\n\nReference to society, Fi → twitter.\n\nfor \"for every offence\" for the pais tales\"\n\n26. Any youthful offender detained in a reformatory or certified industrial school who escapes therefrom may, at any time before the expiration of his period of detention, be apprehended without warrant and brought back to the place in which he was detained there to complete his period of detention, provided that such youthful offender shall not be detained longer than until he attains the age of eighteen years.\n\nSee Table of Conrespondence.\n\nof detained\n\n27. (1) Any youthful offender who during his period of detention in a reformatory or certified industrial school commits any crime or offence against the laws of the Colony shall be liable to be prosecuted before the courts of the Colony on account of such offence.\n\n(2) If found guilty and sentenced to imprisonment on account thereof, he shall, after completing the term of such imprisonment, be taken back to the reformatory or certified industrial school wherein he was detained or such other reformatory or certified industrial school as the Governor may direct there to complete his period of detention, provided that such youthful offender shall not be detained longer than until he attains the age of eighteen years.\n\n28. Any person who---\n\noffence.\n\nfor \"child\" Reference school, th„ assisting escape.\n\n(a) Knowingly assists or induces, directly or indirectly, a youthful offender to escape from any reformatory or certified industrial school where he is detained; or\n\nomitted.\n\nfor \"child\" to society, the, omitted.\n\nPage 30\n\nPage 31",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-537-2 Industry and Reformatory Schools Ordinance 1932 17-3-1932 - 29-4-1933",
        "page_number": 38,
        "title": "CO129-537-2 Industry and Reformatory Schools Ordinance 1932 17-3-1932 - 29-4-1933",
        "content_text": "44\n\nPower to apprentice Offender.\n\nExpenses of certified industrial schools.\n\nPower to\n\nPower to apprentice youthful offender.\n\n21. (1) The manager of a reformatory or certified industrial school may, if the youthful offender consents thereto and with the approval of the Governor, bind any youthful offender detained under this Ordinance as an apprentice notwithstanding that his period of detention has not expired.\n\n(2) Any youthful offender who is bound as aforesaid and who absconds from the service of his master shall be liable to be arrested without warrant and brought before a court of competent jurisdiction and shall be liable to imprisonment for any term not exceeding three months and may be ordered by the court to return to the place in which he was detained before his apprenticeship there to complete his period of detention, provided that such youthful offender shall not be detained longer than until he attains the age of eighteen years.\n\nExpenses of Certified Industrial Schools.\n\n22. (1) The Governor in Council may order the payment from the Colonial Treasury of such sums of money and upon such conditions as he thinks fit towards the alteration, enlargement, rebuilding or equipping of a certified industrial school, or towards the purchase of any land required for the use of an existing certified industrial school, or for the site of any school intended to be a certified industrial school.\n\n(2) No payment for the alteration, enlargement, equipment, establishment or building of a certified industrial school or intended certified industrial school, or for the purchase of land, shall be ordered or made unless previously approved by resolution of the Legislative Council.\n\nExpenses of youthful offenders.\n\n23. The Governor or any person appointed by him may contract with the manager of any certified industrial school for the reception and maintenance therein of any youthful offender in consideration of such payments as are agreed on.\n\nExpenses of offenders.\n\n24. (1) Any court having power to order a youthful offender to be sent to a reformatory or certified industrial school shall have power to make orders on the parent of the youthful offender to contribute for the whole or any part of the expenses of the youthful offender during the period of detention such sums as the court may think fit and may of its own motion, or on the application of any person, from time to time revoke or vary such orders or remit wholly or partially any payment ordered to be made under this section.\n\n(2) Any such order may be made on the complaint or application of the manager of the reformatory or certified industrial school to which the youthful offender is ordered to be sent or on the complaint or application of the Inspector General of Police and either at the time when the youthful offender is ordered to be sent to the reformatory or certified industrial school or subsequently, and the sums ordered to be contributed shall be paid to such persons as the court may name.\n\n(3) A court having power to make an order for contribution under this section may issue an order requiring the parent to attend and show cause why an order for contribution should not be made, and an order for contribution under this section may be made on a parent who, having been required to attend, has failed to do so, but, save as aforesaid, no such order shall be made without giving the parent or guardian an opportunity of being heard.\n\n(4) A court making an order for contribution under this section shall have regard to the means of the person on whom such order shall be made.\n\n(5) Any sums ordered to be contributed by a parent under this section may be recovered from him by distress or imprisonment in like manner as if the same were a fine legally imposed on him by the Court.\n\n(6) Where an order for contribution has been made under this section the person on whom such order has been made shall give notice of any change of address to the Inspector General of Police and, if he fails to do so without reasonable excuse, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding One hundred dollars.\n\nOffences in relation to Reformatory and Certified Industrial Schools.\n\n25. Any youthful offender detained in a reformatory or certified industrial school who—\n\n(a) wilfully neglects or wilfully refuses to conform to the rules thereof; or\n\n(b) is guilty of wilful insubordination against the discipline thereof;\n\nshall be liable to be punished in the manner prescribed by the rules of the said reformatory or certified industrial school.\n\nPunishment of refractory offender.\n\noffender.\n\n26. Any youthful offender detained in a reformatory or certified industrial school who escapes therefrom may, at any time before the expiration of his period of detention, be apprehended without warrant and brought back to the place in which he was detained there to complete his period of detention, provided that such youthful offender shall not be detained longer than until he attains the age of eighteen years.\n\nEscape of\n\n27. (1) Any youthful offender who during his period of detention in a reformatory or certified industrial school commits any crime or offence against the laws of the Colony shall be liable to be prosecuted before the courts of the Colony on account of such offence.\n\n(2) If found guilty and sentenced to imprisonment on account thereof, he shall, after completing the term of such imprisonment, be taken back to the reformatory or certified industrial school wherein he was detained or such other reformatory or certified industrial school as the Governor may direct there to complete his period of detention, provided that such youthful offender shall not be detained longer than until he attains the age of eighteen years.\n\n28. Any person who—\n\noffence.\n\nassisting\n\n(a) Knowingly assists or induces, directly or indirectly, a youthful offender to escape from any reformatory or certified industrial school wherein he is detained; or\n\n45",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935",
        "page_number": 87,
        "title": "CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935",
        "content_text": "## Q 50\n\n207. Fell at Cheung Chau School. The work consisted of the sinking of a well 28′0′′ in depth. Tenders were obtained and the work was carried out in September by Messrs. Chiu Sing Kee in a satisfactory manner.\n\nExpenditure\n$496.00\n\n208. Un Long Nullah improvements. This work was referred to in paragraph 174 of last year's Report. The invert to nullah was satisfactorily completed during the year.\n\nExpenditure\n$1,700.41\n\n## WATER WORKS.\n\n209. Water Supply at Tsun Wan.--The main section of the work was completed on the 1st September, since which date a constant supply has been maintained. This portion of the work consists of: a concrete intake dam a few hundred yards above the bridge on the Shing Mun Access Road; a combined strainer and storage tank of approximately 5,000 gallons capacity; a 4′′ diameter wrought iron supply main from the intake to Tsun Wan Village, 6,400 feet in length; 2,198 feet of 4\" cast iron distribution mains; 470 feet of 2′′ wrought iron distribution mains; 5 fire hydrants; 6 street fountains; an internal supply to the Police Station.\n\nLater, the supply was extended to the next village, the following additions being made: 1,875 feet of 4\" cast iron distribution mains; 500 feet of 2′′ wrought iron distribution mains; 3 fire hydrants; 5 street fountains.\n\nExpenditure\n$25,611.75\n\n210. Main from Taipo Market to New Reservoir - 250 feet of 6\" wrought iron pipe was laid from Taipo Market to the new reservoir, and 1,356 feet of 6\" cast iron main from the road near the 143 mile stone to the strainer tank.\n\nExpenditure\n$2,966.50\n\n## WORKS NOT APPEARING IN ESTIMATES.\n\n211. Remand Home for Juvenile Offenders. The work consisted of the adaptation of the old Belilios Reformatory as a Remand Home for Juvenile Offenders. Considerable alterations and additions to the buildings were necessary, the installation of a water carriage drainage system, complete electric light and bell installations, renovation of the buildings throughout, the erection of a reinforced concrete boundary wall all round the site to a height of 14'0\" above yard level, and a new approach path and steps. The alterations, additions, and renovation were done under the Maintenance of Buildings Contract, and the Contract for the erection of the boundary wall was let to Messrs. Kin Lee & Co. Work was commenced on 13th March, 1933, and was completed on 27th June, 1933.\n\nExpenditure\n$49,491.95\n\n212. Accommodation for Sanitary District Office. - Following the decision to demolish Beaconsfield Arcade, accommodation for the Sanitary District Office was obtained in the Post Office Building.\n\nExpenditure\n$719.62\n\n213. Purchase of Sailors' Home and Seamen's Institute on M.L. 295, and adaptation as Offices. - This building was purchased by Government, and alterations were carried out to provide accommodation for certain offices formerly housed in Beaconsfield Arcade. The work consisted of the erection of partitions and minor alterations, and the building was occupied as follows: Ground floor, Central Medical Office and Stores; 1st floor, Statistical Office of the Imports and Exports Department; 2nd floor, Port Development Office of the Public Works Department. The work was completed in May.\n\nExpenditure\n$196,811.70\n\n214. Demolition of Beaconsfield Arcade. - The work of demolition, which was commenced in June and completed early in August, was carried out by Messrs. Yeung Fat & Co. A credit of $3,500.00 was received from them for the old materials.\n\n215. Demolition of Nos. 1 and 2 Queen's Gardens. - The work of demolition, which was commenced in August and completed in October, was carried out by Messrs. Cheong Hing & Co. A credit of $1,650.00 was received from them for the old materials.\n\n216. Demolition of Waterworks Bungalow, Shaukiwan. - The work of demolition, which was commenced in July and completed in August, was carried out by Messrs. Lam Cheong Kee. A credit of $304.50 was received from them for the old materials.\n\n217. Upper Levels Police Station. - A scheme has been prepared for the erection of temporary Barrack Sheds, with Mess Room, Kitchen, Bath house, and Latrines, to accommodate the... \n\n## Page 110",
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        "document_key": "CO129-549-19 Education Department- system and organisation 11-7-1934 - 6-12-1934",
        "page_number": 51,
        "title": "CO129-549-19 Education Department- system and organisation 11-7-1934 - 6-12-1934",
        "content_text": "# \n## Second period 1860-1877.\n## Third period 1878-1900.\n\nX\n\nX.\n\nX\n\n6\n\nIn 1850 the Committee of Education says in reporting on the aided schools all the teachers are professed Christians; and it names Bishop Bone's catechism in a list of the school books—a Chinese translation compulsorily taught to the sons of unbelieving peasants by professed converts.\n\nAt this period there were besides St. Andrew's 13 Government schools with an average attendance of 400; and 4 Missionary schools, 2 Protestant and 2 Roman Catholic, with an average attendance of less than 100 pupils.\n\nThe rudiments of English were first taught in the Government Schools at about this time.\n\nMeanwhile a change of opinion had been gaining ground. Dr. Legge was opposed to every form of State religion; and when in 1859 he became predominant in the councils of education, he led a successful movement to modify the existing policy of the Government, which might have been summed up in the words, Christianity through letters: proselytising rather than education was the keynote.\n\nThe second period in the history of education in the Colony may be considered as dating from 1860. In that year Dr. Legge acted as Chairman of the Committee (now termed Board) of Education. Supported by the new Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, he merged certain of the small Government Schools into a Central School, which, under the name of Queen's College, is to-day the most important school in Hong Kong. The first headmaster, Dr. Stewart, was also appointed Inspector of Schools to the Board. In 1865 the Board of Education was abolished.\n\nThis completed Dr. Legge's revolution. The Education Department was now no longer under the direction of the Bishop of Victoria; it became a civil department under the Inspector of Schools directly responsible to the Governor. The Diocesan School and Orphanage for Boys was founded in 1870.\n\nThe Roman Catholic Bishop Raimondi was a keen educationist. Under his influence the Roman Catholic Schools had by 1871 increased to thirteen in number with over 600 pupils, half of whom were girls. The West Point Reformatory was one of these Schools. In the same year the Protestant Missionary Schools could only show an attendance of something over 100 children.\n\nFor all this time and till 1871 no financial support of any importance was given to Missionary Schools. Apparently they charged no fees; and thus Hong Kong was in this happy position, that a very large part of its educational responsibilities was borne by charitably disposed persons at home.\n\nThe year 1872 is of importance as being the first in which a Grant was offered to schools belonging to the Christian Missions. A code was drawn up, containing a condition to which great importance appears to have been attached at the time: no religious instruction was allowed during four consecutive working hours each day. With 1877 the second period draws to a close.\n\nWhilst in the first period the Government rivalled the missionaries in a race to Christianise the community by means of education, in the second, on the other hand, it confined itself to secular instruction, and, so far from supporting the missions, declined to associate with them, except on the clear understanding that money paid for education should not and could not be used for proselytising.\n\nAn amended Grant Code was issued in 1878 which stipulated that Code subjects should be taught for four hours daily, but otherwise left it absolutely in the hands of the managers, how and when religious instruction should be given. Thenceforward Government and Protestant and Roman Catholic Schools have worked harmoniously side by side, with nothing worse than a very friendly rivalry between them.\n\nDr. Eitel was appointed Inspector of Schools in 1879. He held the popular laissez-faire views of his day, and was opposed to state schools where avoidable. In the one year 1898 eleven Government Schools were closed on the ground that they had been rendered unnecessary by new Grant Schools.\n\nDr. Eitel did not, like Dr. Stewart, combine the duties of Inspector of Schools and Headmaster Queen's College. Dr. Wright was appointed Headmaster. He and Dr. Eitel were unable to agree in their views, with the result that Queen's College was made independent of the Inspector of Schools. Thus education in the Colony became a thing of divided counsels for many years, and though the system no longer exists some of its evil effects are hardly obliterated.\n\n7\n\nIn 1894 the Grant Code was amended and provision made for Building Grants.\n\nIn 1897 Dr. Eitel was succeeded by Mr. A. W. Brewin, who was succeeded by the writer* in 1901.\n\nIn that year an Education Committee consisting of Mr. Brewin, Registrar-General, Dr. Ho Kai, and the writer, reported at considerable length upon the unsatisfactory condition of education in the Colony, and many of the reforms since instituted may be referred back to this Committee. It emphasised the need of introducing oral methods in the teaching of English, modern ideas respecting history and geography, and the cultivation by Chinese students of their own language.\n\n## The fourth period 1901-1910.\n\nThe system of giving grants which had hitherto been entirely and unashamedly by results was brought more closely into accord with modern ideas, and the Grant Code amended accordingly. The need for more practical and better teaching in the Vernacular Schools was insisted on.\n\nThe Technical Institute was founded in 1907, under the governorship of Sir Matthew Nathan. Upon the retirement of Dr. Wright in 1909 the Department was reconsolidated under one Head, the Director of Education.\n\nThe idea of founding a University in Hong Kong was by no means new; but the rapid advance of English education during the last preceding years had made it a practical possibility. In the governorship of Sir F. Lugard (1907-1912) the liberality of the late Sir Hormusjee Moody supplied a building; and public interest now deeply stirred, not only locally but in China and among Chinese in the Straits and elsewhere abroad, provided the funds. The Hong Kong University was opened in 1911, and with it the present chapter of education in Hong Kong begins. A bold piece of legislation in 1918—the Education Ordinance—established the compulsory inspection of schools.\n\nThe total nett expenditure on education in 1901 was $60,663, in 1913 it was $269,164, of which only about $15,000 was spent on primary Vernacular Schools, i.e., roughly speaking, on primary education.\n\nIn the period 1901-1913 the average number of pupils in Government and Grant Schools receiving instruction through the medium of the English language (roughly the equivalent of secondary education) increased by 60 per cent., while the corresponding increase for Vernacular Schools was only 10 per cent. In the same period the English-teaching Staff in Government Schools increased from 27 to 98 in number. It will be noticed from the concluding paragraphs of the above extract that a very small proportion of the Government's expenditure on education was at that time devoted to primary education. This continues to be so, and is a feature of the Colony's educational system which is open to criticism, for the reason amongst others that, broadly speaking, primary education is all that the poorer Chinese can afford, and the Government is therefore giving least help to those who are least able to help themselves. However, the terms primary and secondary are used in a somewhat arbitrary and slightly confusing manner in Hong Kong, and their use in this Report will therefore as far as possible be avoided.\n\nThe most interesting events in education since 1914 may be summed up as follows. The training of graduate teachers by Hong Kong University has begun to exercise an important influence on the Government schools in which they are employed. Other developments in the training of teachers have been the opening of a Normal School for women in 1921, and another for men, on the mainland, in 1926. King's College, now the biggest of the Government schools, was rehoused in fine and costly new premises in 1928. The opening of a Junior Technical School in 1933, and the fact that plans have been passed for a new Technical Institute, show that serious attention is now being given to technical education, formerly almost entirely neglected.\n\nAnother important change was made in 1934, the effects of which it is too early to estimate. Up till then the scholars in Government and Grant-in-Aid school had been entered for the Cambridge Junior Local Examination in Class 2, and for Hong Kong University's Matriculation in Class I, the top class of the schools. It was then decided, for reasons which will be given later in this Report, to substitute for these two examinations a single School Certificate Examination, to be taken by all scholars in Class I, and carrying, under certain conditions, Hong Kong Matriculation with it. Though this examination, which is to be conducted by the University, will be held for the first time in June, 1935, its syllabus has exercised throughout 1934 a dominating influence over the work of the schools.\n\n* Mr. E. Irving.",
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        "id": 548109,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-553-12 Education- report of Mr Burney's visit 28-3-1935 - 7-8-1936",
        "page_number": 62,
        "title": "CO129-553-12 Education- report of Mr Burney's visit 28-3-1935 - 7-8-1936",
        "content_text": "62\n\n63\n\nSecond period 1860-1877.\n\nThird period 1878-1900.\n\n6\n\nIn 1850 the Committee of Education says in reporting on the aided schools all the teachers are professed Christians; and it names Bishop Bone's catechism in a list of the school books—a Chinese translation compulsorily taught to the sons of unbelieving peasants by professed converts.\n\nAt this period there were besides St. Andrew's 13 Government schools with an average attendance of 400; and 4 Missionary schools, 2 Protestant and 2 Roman Catholic, with an average attendance of less than 100 pupils.\n\nThe rudiments of English were first taught in the Government Schools at about this time.\n\nMeanwhile a change of opinion had been gaining ground. Dr. Legge was opposed to every form of State religion; and when in 1859 he became predominant in the councils of education, he led a successful movement to modify the existing policy of the Government, which might have been summed up in the words, Christianity through letters: proselytising rather than education was the keynote.\n\nThe second period in the history of education in the Colony may be considered as dating from 1860. In that year Dr. Legge acted as Chairman of the Committee (now termed Board) of Education. Supported by the new Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, he merged certain of the small Government Schools into a Central School, which, under the name of Queen's College, is to-day the most important school in Hong Kong. The first headmaster, Dr. Stewart, was also appointed Inspector of Schools to the Board. In 1865 the Board of Education was abolished.\n\nThis completed Dr. Legge's revolution. The Education Department was now no longer under the direction of the Bishop of Victoria; it became a civil department under the Inspector of Schools directly responsible to the Governor. The Diocesan School and Orphanage for Boys was founded in 1870.\n\nThe Roman Catholic Bishop Raimondi was a keen educationist. Under his influence the Roman Catholic Schools had by 1871 increased to thirteen in number with over 600 pupils, half of whom were girls. The West Point Reformatory was one of these Schools. In the same year the Protestant Missionary Schools could only show an attendance of something over 100 children.\n\nFor all this time and till 1871 no financial support of any importance was given to Missionary Schools. Apparently they charged no fees; and thus Hong Kong was in this happy position, that a very large part of its educational responsibilities was borne by charitably disposed persons at home.\n\nThe year 1872 is of importance as being the first in which a Grant was offered to schools belonging to the Christian Missions. A code was drawn up, containing a condition to which great importance appears to have been attached at the time: no religious instruction was allowed during four consecutive working hours each day. With 1877 the second period draws to a close.\n\nWhilst in the first period the Government rivalled the missionaries in a race to Christianise the community by means of education, in the second, on the other hand, it confined itself to secular instruction, and, so far from supporting the missions, declined to associate with them, except on the clear understanding that money paid for education should not and could not be used for proselytising.\n\nAn amended Grant Code was issued in 1878 which stipulated that Code subjects should be taught for four hours daily, but otherwise left it absolutely in the hands of the managers how and when religious instruction should be given. Thenceforward Government and Protestant and Roman Catholic Schools have worked harmoniously side by side, with nothing worse than a very friendly rivalry between them.\n\nDr. Eitel was appointed Inspector of Schools in 1879. He held the popular laissez-faire views of his day, and was opposed to state schools where avoidable. In the one year 1899 eleven Government Schools were closed on the ground that they had been rendered unnecessary by new Grant Schools.\n\nDr. Eitel did not, like Dr. Stewart, combine the duties of Inspector of Schools and Headmaster Queen's College. Dr. Wright was appointed Headmaster. He and Dr. Eitel were unable to agree in their views, with the result that Queen's College was made independent of the Inspector of Schools. Thus education in the Colony became a thing of divided counsels for many years, and though the system no longer exists some of its evil effects are hardly obliterated.\n\n7\n\nIn 1894 the Grant Code was amended and provision made for Building Grants. In 1897 Dr. Eitel was succeeded by Mr. A. W. Brewin, who was succeeded by the writer in 1901.\n\n1901-1910.\n\nThe fourth period may be considered to date from 1901. In that year an Education Committee consisting of Mr. Brewin, Registrar-General, Dr. Ho Kai, and the writer, reported at considerable length upon the unsatisfactory condition of education in the Colony, and many of the reforms since instituted may be referred back to this Committee. It emphasised the need of introducing oral methods in the teaching of English, modern ideas respecting history and geography, and the cultivation by Chinese students of their own language.\n\nThe system of giving grants which had hitherto been entirely and unashamedly by results was brought more closely into accord with modern ideas, and the Grant Code amended accordingly. The need for more practical and better teaching in the Vernacular Schools was insisted on.\n\nThe Technical Institute was founded in 1907, under the governorship of Sir Matthew Nathan. Upon the retirement of Dr. Wright in 1909 the Department was reconsolidated under one Head, the Director of Education.\n\nThe idea of founding a University in Hong Kong was by no means new; but the rapid advance of English education during the last preceding years had made it a practical possibility. In the governorship of Sir F. Lugard (1907-1912) the liberality of the late Sir Hormusjee Mody supplied a building; and public interest now deeply stirred, not only locally but in China and among Chinese in the Straits and elsewhere abroad, provided the funds. The Hong Kong University was opened in 1911, and with it the present chapter of education in Hong Kong begins. A bold piece of legislation in 1913 the Education Ordinance established the compulsory inspection of schools. The total nett expenditure on education in 1901 was $60,663, in 1913 it was $269,164, of which only about $15,000 was spent on primary Vernacular Schools, i.e., roughly speaking, on primary education.\n\nIn the period 1901-1913 the average number of pupils in Government and Grant Schools receiving instruction through the medium of the English language (roughly the equivalent of secondary education) increased by 60 per cent., while the corresponding increase for Vernacular Schools was only 10 per cent. In the same period the English-teaching Staff in Government Schools increased from 27 to 98 in number. It will be noticed from the concluding paragraphs of the above extract that a very small proportion of the Government's expenditure on education was at that time devoted to primary education. This continues to be so, and is a feature of the Colony's educational system which is open to criticism, for the reason amongst others that, broadly speaking, primary education is all that the poorer Chinese can afford, and the Government is therefore giving least help to those who are least able to help themselves. However, the terms primary and secondary are used in a somewhat arbitrary and slightly confusing manner in Hong Kong, and their use in this Report will therefore as far as possible be avoided.\n\nLL\n\nThe most interesting events in education since 1914 may be summed up as follows. The training of graduate teachers by Hong Kong University has begun to exercise an important influence on the Government schools in which they are employed. Other developments in the training of teachers have been the opening of a Normal School for women in 1921, and another for men, on the mainland, in 1926. King's College, now the biggest of the Government schools, was rehoused in fine and costly new premises in 1928. The opening of a Junior Technical School in 1933, and the fact that plans have been passed for a new Technical Institute, show that serious attention is now being given to technical education, formerly almost entirely neglected.\n\nAnother important change was made in 1933, the effects of which it is too early to estimate. Up till then the scholars in Government and Grant-in-Aid schools had been entered for the Cambridge Junior Local Examination in Class 2, and for Hong Kong University's Matriculation in Class I, the top class of the schools. It was then decided, for reasons which will be given later in this Report, to substitute for these two examinations a single School Certificate Examination, to be taken by all scholars in Class I, and carrying, under certain conditions, Hong Kong Matriculation with it. Though this examination, which is to be conducted by the University, will be held for the first time in June, 1935, its syllabus has exercised throughout 1934 a dominating influence over the work of the schools.\n\nMr. E. Irving.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-576-10 Estimates 1940 6-10-1939 - 22-10-1940",
        "page_number": 388,
        "title": "CO129-576-10 Estimates 1940 6-10-1939 - 22-10-1940",
        "content_text": "## Sub-head 13.—Additional Public Latrines, $50,000.—This is an inclusive sum provided to meet the cost of additional latrines which may be requested by the Urban Council.\n\n## 14.—New Girls Reformatory, $5,000.—It is proposed to provide a Reformatory or Rescue Home for young prostitutes, which would be managed by the Salvation Army. No definite site has yet been selected and meantime only a token sum is considered necessary.\n\n## 15.—New Public Health Centres, $100,000.—Health centres have been requested by Hon. Director of Medical Services at St. Peter's Church, Sham Shui Po, Tsun Wan, etc.\n\n## 16.—Mental Hospital --- Additions and Improvements. $2,500.—To improve ventilation to kitchen, provide water storage and additional lavatory accommodation.\n\n## 17.—Leper Settlement—4 new huts with lavatories. $16,000.—It is proposed to erect 4 huts with lavatory accommodation at Kennedy Town.\n\n## 18.—Kowloon Hospital Extension Site Formation, $80,000.—This work provides for the future extension of the present hospital and also for the proposed Infectious Diseases Hospital.\n\n## 19.—New Infectious Diseases Hospital, $50,000.—The Honourable Director of Medical Services has stressed the necessity for this Hospital. A site is now being prepared adjacent to the Kowloon Hospital.\n\n## 20.—New Public Mortuary—Kowloon, $50,000.—The present mortuary is inadequate and badly situated from a health point of view. It also occupies a valuable building site.\n\n## 21.—New Queen's College, $5,000.—No site has yet been decided upon and it is unlikely a Contract will be let in 1940. The sum provided is to cover the cost of any investigational work necessary.\n\n## 22.—New Vernacular Girls College, $50,000.—This building will be known as the Eastern District Vernacular Girls School and will replace the present Vernacular Normal School for women which occupies rented premises in Lee Garden Street. A site has been selected in Eastern Hospital Road, Soo Kun Poo.\n\n## 23.—New Teachers Training College, $235,000.—It is proposed to construct this College on the site of the old Diocesan Boys School, Bonham Road.\n\n## 24.—Hong Kong Prison, Stanley—Additions and Improvements, $10,000.—This sum is required to meet certain alterations and extensions considered necessary by the Commissioner of Prisons.\n\n## 25.—Botanical and Forestry Buildings—Alterations and Improvements, $2,400.—This sum includes for the provision of a drying room and enclosing an office verandah.\n\n## 26.—Breezy Point Quarters—Car Park, $5,000.—The Honourable Commissioner of Police recommends the provision of this accommodation—at present officers leave their cars in Park Road and cause congestion.\n\n## 27.—Postal Kiosks:-\n| Location | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) Shaukiwan | $3,700.—The licenced stamp vendor in Shaukiwan does not wish to continue the business. A postal kiosk is therefore necessary. |\n| (b) Tsun Wan | $3,700.—The kiosk at Tsun Wan is considered necessary by the P.M.G. |\n\n## Sub-head 28.—Two Public Latrines at Tai O, $10,000.—These are considered necessary by the District Officer, South.\n\n## COMMUNICATIONS\n\n## 29.—Island Road—Reconstruction of Bridges, $10,000.—To continue the programme of making island bridges suitable for modern traffic requirements.\n\n## 30.—Tin Hau Temple Road Extension, $50,000.—An extension of this road will open up many desirable building areas for some of which applications have already been received.\n\n## 31.—May Road widening Aigburth Hall to Conduit Road, $55,000.—This is considered a most necessary improvement. There is great traffic congestion beyond Aigburth Hall and a through motor road to Conduit Road is very desirable.\n\n## 32.—Magazine Gap Road widening between Bowen Road and May Road, $20,000.—This section of road is narrow and leaves little room for pedestrians. It is proposed to construct a footpath, where practicable, and to improve certain bends.\n\n## 33.—Causeway Bay Road—Raising and widening including strengthening seawall, $80,000.—To raise and widen the length of road between Causeway Bay tram terminus and King's Road to approved levels. This will involve partial reconstruction of the existing seawall.\n\n## 34.—Mount Cameron Development—New 20 feet road (Sections A-B and B-C), $55,000.—Government has decided to encourage building development on Mount Cameron where there are numerous desirable building sites. An access road to the higher levels of Mount Cameron is essential and it is proposed meantime to proceed with the two lower sections of the road which will open up approx. 12 building sites.\n\n## 35.—Improvements to Road from Kowloon to Muk Fu Ferry, $500,000.—The sum provided is for the reconstruction of the section between the Sham Shui Po and the Kowloon Reservoir. This section at present is extremely tortuous and is quite unsuitable for modern traffic.\n\n## 36.—K.I.L. 3394—Forming access roads, $10,000.—To facilitate development and to give direct access from Ma Tau Wai Road to Argyle Street.\n\n## 37.—New Territories Roads—Reconstruction of Bridges, $50,000.—To continue the programme to make these roads suitable for modern traffic. Many of the bridges are now approaching a dangerous state and require reconstruction.\n\n## 38.—Castle Peak Road—Realignment near Tsun Wan, $19,000.—To continue diversion work necessitated by the adjoining reclamation.\n\n## 39.—Road to Fanling Volunteer Camp, $8,000.—The improvement of this road has been requested by the Commandant, Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps.\n\n## DRAINAGE AND ANTI-MALARIAL WORKS\n\n## 40.—North Point Reclamation—Sewer extension, $5,000.—To continue work as filling in progresses.",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-584-2 Estimates 1941-2 21-2-1941 - 11-6-1941",
        "page_number": 6,
        "title": "CO129-584-2 Estimates 1941-2 21-2-1941 - 11-6-1941",
        "content_text": "provision under sub-head B of this Head is entirely new. It will be seen that it is proposed to establish an Experimental Agricultural Station in the New Territories to improve agricultural possibilities there and make the Colony less dependent on outside sources for its food supplies. It is proposed to appoint a European Agricultural Officer recruited from another Colony to take charge of the Experimental Station, and provision is also made for experiments on the use of nightsoil as a fertilizer.\n\nHead 5. Charitable Services. The provisions under this Head show the strain thrown on the Colony by war refugees. Of the sub-heads provided, I would particularly draw attention to the increase in the grants to the Chinese Public Dispensaries and to the Po Leung Kuk. It was also proposed to establish a camp for \"male juvenile offenders\" as an experiment in the New Territories, and to send there boys who are not confirmed criminals instead of to the reformatory. Finally, on the revision of the Estimates, provision was made for a grant of $10,000 from the British Fund for the relief of distress in China. In this the Hong Kong Government have anticipated H.M.G. since the question of making a grant from revenue here has only just been referred to the Treasury.\n\nHead 6. This Head deals with defence. In particular increased provision is being made for A.R.P., especially for the construction of tunnels and concrete pens for the protection of the civil population. We have, of course, already been informed of these (see 53871/1/41). It might also be mentioned here that the Fire Brigade (Head 10) has been increased in strength and divided for the first time from the Police Dept., the Commissioner of Police being relieved of the post of Chief Officer of the Fire Brigade which passes to the present Superintendent.\n\nHead 9. Education. Expenditure here is up in the total but much of this is due to the fact that expenditure on the Teachers' Training College, which was completed in the past financial year, has now been amalgamated with other funds instead of being shown separately. Special attention might be drawn to the following provision in the Estimates:\n\n(a) Sub-head 12. Provision for the purchase of films and slides for building up libraries.\n\n(b) Sub-heads 27 and 28 make provision for the new subsidies for vernacular schools which was approved by the Executive Council and forwarded to the S. of S. for consideration. Mr. Cox has not yet quite completed his study of these proposals, but they were discussed at a meeting with Mr. Birnie and Mr. Handiside at which thankfully I was present some time ago.\n\n(c) Sub-head 37. Provision is made for the first instalment of tools and apparatus for handwork which has been included in the curriculum of all Government schools in accordance with the recommendation of the Director of Education's Sub-Committee which was backed by the A.C.E.C.\n\n(d) A Woman Inspector has been appointed to the Inspectorate staff to pay particular attention to maintaining the efficiency of teaching in girls' schools and kindergarten classes. There are also increases in the numbers of University trained masters, and the new scale for Chinese Physical Training",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-599-5 Salaries Commission- Appendices to Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949",
        "page_number": 40,
        "title": "CO129-599-5 Salaries Commission- Appendices to Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949",
        "content_text": "## APPENDIX III. -MODEL SOS. (I continued)\n\nOffice attendants, painters, cooks, and houseboys. Section A2B is applicable to the head attendant in the Imports and Exports Department, to office attendants on salaries of $252 to $300 per annum, office attendant clerks, assistant head guards, boatswains class I, stokers class II, telephone boys, pressmen class I, and certain painters, sailmakers, boys, ward boys, amahs, and cooks.\n\n(iii). Scale A3 will be applied to light attendants, boatswains class I, engineers class V, coxswains class III, head guards, head watchmen, forest guards, drain testers, coxswain-firemen, locomotive firemen, mechanicians class II, No.1 and No.2 carriage cleaners, tracers, assistant headmen, mortuary attendants, assistant armourer attendants, leading gardeners, signalmen, foremen cleansers, artisans, and junk coxswains in the Sanitary Department, second foremen in the Forestry and Gardens Departments, and certain painters, carpenters, sailmakers, and houseboys.\n\n(iv). Scale N is applicable to motor drivers, motor mechanics, lighthouse mechanics, electricians, No.1 riggers, shunters, fitters, electric welders, moulders, headmen, dental mechanics, disinfecting station engineers, armourer attendants, and certain carpenters.\n\n(v). Scale A5 is applicable to foremen grade III generally and in addition to chargemen, head postmen, assistant ticket printers, ticket collectors, herbarium assistants, foremen tallymen, demarcators, forestry demarcators, building foremen in the Kowloon-Canton Railway at present on $408 per annum, first foremen in the Forestry and Gardens Departments, to the head office attendants at Government House and the Secretariat, to the hall porter in the Public Works Department, and to the No.2 chauffeur at Government House.\n\n(vi). Scale A6 is applicable to foremen grade II generally and to electric light and fan inspectors, timekeepers, dredger masters and engineers, divers' foremen, junior meter readers, mechanicians class I, assistant foremen in the Furniture Workshop, first-class machinists, carpenters, fitters, painters, electrical fitters, No.1 headmen, signal fitters, trade instructors in the Prison and Reformatory (if not qualified instructors), assistant rodent control overseers, yard mechanics, building foremen in the Kowloon-Canton Railway on $600 to $1050 per annum, engineers class I, senior foremen in the Agricultural Department, senior protection officers, and second foresters in the Forestry Department, assistant head gardeners, and senior foremen in the Gardens Department.\n\n(vii). Scale A7 is applicable to foremen grade I generally and also to the Chief Motor Mechanic in the Sanitary Department, motor mechanics in the Harbour and Air Services Departments, installation mechanics in the Prisons and Medical Departments, chief engineers class II, Chinese divers, divers' linesmen, meter readers, foremen in the Furniture Workshop, foremen in the Architectural Office on $720 to $1320 per annum, custodians of recreation grounds, permanent way sub-inspectors, master tailors, rodent control overseer, and head foresters.\n\n(viii). Scale A8 is applicable to overseers generally and also to the Chief Meter Reader, the Head Mechanic in the Fire Brigade, the foreman in the Buildings Ordinance Office on $1350 to $2050 per annum, and the General Foreman in the Electrical Office, the Running Shed Locomotive Inspector, and the Forestry Inspector.\n\n(ix). The following scales are applicable to floating staff generally, with the exception of dock staff in the Water Police and Fire Brigade:\n\nPage 40\nPage 41",
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