[ { "id": 222539, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-014 - Public Offices - 1845", "page_number": 197, "title": "CO129-014 - Public Offices - 1845", "content_text": "House ommor\n\nmirali\n\nChie\n\nThe handsome endowments and indefatigable exertions of the Romanists would soon tend to put the Protestant persuasion in China out of countenance, unless something be done by us for the respectability and organization of the Church of England mission.\n\nthat in\n\nI am sorry to say consequence of long confirmed habits of neglect the British Mercantile Community in this Country stand in great need of the influence and example of some Ecclesiastick whose rank and consequence would give weight than can be possessed by the young men (however well-intentioned) who come out from England, as Chaplains and as Missionaries.\n\nIn the comparative state of toleration and freedom now enjoyed by the European Missions at the Ports of Trade, the best means of checking the abuse of this on the part of the English clergy would be to subject them to the immediate control of", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-014 - Public Offices - 1845.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 222945, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-015 - Others - 1845", "page_number": 154, "title": "CO129-015 - Others - 1845", "content_text": "12\n\nAlas. From the very commencement of the settlement at Hongkong, Religion has scarcely been a matter of primary or secondary consideration. The English Missionary - the American Protestant, the Catholic Jesuit, the Indian Priest - the nominal Chinese have each a substantial following in the creed they profess. The Divine service of the Church of England is still performed in all its solemnity; the Chaplain is grudgingly paid a stipend, a considerable portion of which is expended in Charity and in education; a small allowance for House-rent has recently been granted; it was suggested that he should provide Incense for altar, Candles &c. duties for evening service; had it been possible the pittances accorded for performing the rites of the Church of England would have been diminished or Cancelled.\n\n13\n\n153\n\nAspired responsibility devolves on England in respect to her Colonies: they will be either the instruments of her prosperity and permanence or of her downfall.\n\nIt is fearful to see how soon the best moral principles are obliterated in a Colony where the Governors, & those in high Authority & position in society, pay little or no regard to religion; how quickly a virtuous, rightly educated Youth becomes dead to every Christian Attribute, to moderate pursuit of affairs, to domestic Associations, & the demoralizing influence of what is termed \"Colonial Life\" too often exerts its destructive power.\n\nLess gifted, quite as true to Mind Better for England to mourn its neglect in the out ports of her Empire, those principles, & that Christian Conduct to which alone, under the special favor of Divine Providence she owes her present peace & happiness at home, and her predominance throughout the world, power & prosperity abroad.\n\nChina 1845.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-015 - Others - 1845.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 224392, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846", "page_number": 298, "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846", "content_text": "296\n\n14\n\ning race, wedded by custom to foolish idolatry, but never willing seriously to defend its practice. Present appearances lead me to coincide with the general opinion of the Missionaries, that nowhere in the Heathen world can a congregation of attentive hearers be more easily obtained than in China. There is, of course, at the commencement of a Missionary's career in China, a longer period of delay in acquiring the language than elsewhere. A person of quick perception, retentive memory, and habits of method and analysis, may in one year, with good health, begin to feel some satisfactory and encouraging indications of his speedy progress toward eminent usefulness. Never, again, were there so many proofs, as at the present time, of the willing, attentive ear, on the part of the Chinese. The places of public worship for Natives, in connexion with the Protestant Missions at Hong Kong, are always full of Chinese hearers; and we believe the instruction conveyed may be in the soil dormant for a time, but will not be wholly fruitless.\n\nInstruments, however, are only responsible for the use of their talents, whether one or ten—the singleness of their aim—and not for the measure of success. Results it is our happy privilege to leave in the hand of Infinite Wisdom and Love, assured that, Isaiah lvi. 10, 11.\n\nI remain, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nGEORGE SMITH.\n\nREV. DR. BRIDGMAN TO REV. G. SMITH.\n\nMY DEAR BROTHER,\n\nHong Kong, March 17, 1845.\n\nIN returning the Letter you so kindly placed in my hands, and knowing from experience how good it is to have the countenance of Christian friends, however humble, I feel that I should be wanting in my duty, as a Missionary, did I forbear to express to you the feelings inspired by its repeated perusal. Having one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father, our best endeavours are required to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace; I cannot tell there is one body, and one Spirit, NOT TWO. You, dear Brother, how much pleasure your letter has afforded me. It has touched and animated the best feelings of my heart; and I feel bound to say, and without any reserve, that I most heartily concur in its whole tenor and spirit. Thousands and thousands of labourers are needed in a field so vast, and I cordially unite with you in praying the Lord of the harvest to send forth more labourers; and if a word to your Brethren in the Churches at home, from one who has been more than fifteen years in this field, can be of any help, say, Come over, and help us. Accept my best thanks for the Letter, and believe me, &c.\n\n(Signed.)\n\nE. V. BRIDGMAN.\n\n15\n\nThe following very important document, giving toleration to the Chinese to profess Christianity, and sanctioning Missionary labour in the five Consular Ports, was transmitted to the Committee by the Rev. G. SMITH.\n\nKe-Ying, High Imperial Commissioner and Governor General of the Two Kwang, respectfully addresses the throne for the purpose of presenting a Memorial. He finds on examination that the religion of the Lord of Heaven is that which all the Western nations adore and receive, that its object is principally to admonish to good, and to condemn evil: that, therefore, from the time when it was introduced into China, during the previous Ming dynasty, it had hitherto not been prohibited; that subsequently because some of these Chinese who practised the religion, took advantage of that religion to do wickedly, even to the seducing and defiling of men's wives and daughters, and the using a cheat to take out the pupils of sick men's eyes; the Government did then search out and punish them, of which there is record, that in the reign of the Kea King, a special clause was for the first time laid", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-018 - Others - 1846.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 226153, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-022 - Public Offices - 1847", "page_number": 282, "title": "CO129-022 - Public Offices - 1847", "content_text": "281\n\nSchool, by the aid of funds supplied in England for bringing the young Chinese in the principles of Christianity.\n\nThe 3d Point to which Mr Smith invites the attention of Lord Palmerston is the want of Ministers and the defective religious Accommodation for Members of the Church of England in the Colony.\n\nIt is right to state upon this subject that soon after Sir S. Davis's arrival at Hong Kong, he represented that while the Roman Catholics and Dissenters had been fully provided with respectable places of Worship, the Members of the Established Church were in a great degree destitute. He therefore proposed and sent home plans for the erection of a Protestant Church. Those plans were sanctioned by Mr Gladstone, but it appears from more recent information from the Colony that other designs of a ...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-022 - Public Offices - 1847.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 226395, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-023 - Sir John Davis - 1848 [1-3]", "page_number": 105, "title": "CO129-023 - Sir John Davis - 1848 [1-3]", "content_text": "Preface\n\nwhich brings the whalers from the Pacific to Hongkong is the cheapness and abundance of the supplies, and the absence of all shipping dues whatever. Hear Admiral Sir Thomas Cochrane, who had commanded a warship from the age of eighteen,\n\na Man\n\nWAS\n\nMAI As\n\nof opinion that Hongkong is as cheap and well supplied a station as most that he had ever visited; and it has only existed as a Colony since 1842.\n\nWith regard to the spicuum farmmon, which the pretended failure of the Colony is attributed, this has been since altered into separate licenses to Opium shops, precisely the same as licences for retailing wine and spirits. No apparent change has resulted from this, except the silence of the objectors to the former system.\n\nThe Colony continues to prosper as usual, neither more nor less.\n\nAfter what has gone before, it becomes less surprising to find Mr. Matheson\n\n\"\n\n104\n\nassert that the marriage fee at Hongkong is fifty dollars, the actual fee being five, and this only on marriages by licence; though on being asked if fifty dollars are paid in every marriage, he says, \"Yes.\" He then goes on to add, \"I have known instances where people have gone from Hongkong to Macao to get married, in order to avoid the fee.\"\n\nNow it is absolutely impossible for any member of the established Church to be married at Macao, where there is no Protestant Clergyman, and no British officer to authorize the marriage. No single instance can have occurred. The marriage fee never having exceeded five dollars, the boat hire would come to much more.\n\nMr. Matheson slanders the Colonial Government by asserting that a Revenue is derived from houses of bad fame. It is almost unnecessary to say that this", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-023 - Sir John Davis - 1848 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 226714, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-024 - Bonham - 1848 [3-6]", "page_number": 129, "title": "CO129-024 - Bonham - 1848 [3-6]", "content_text": "that the marriage fee at Hongkong is fifty dollars,\n\nthe actual fee being five,\n\nand this only on marriage\n\nby license; though on being asked if fifty dollars\n\nare\n\npaid\n\non\n\nevery marriage, he says \"Yes\". He\n\nthen\n\ngoes\n\non to add, \"I have known instances\n\nwhere people have gone from Hongkong to Macao\n\nto\n\nbe married, in order to avoid the fee.\" Now it\n\nis absolutely impossible for\n\nany\n\nmember of the\n\nEstablished Church to be married at Macao,\n\nwhere there is no\n\nProtestant clergyman and\n\nBritish Officer to authorize the marriage:\n\nNo single instance\n\ncould\n\nby any possibility have\n\noccurred. The\n\nmarriage fee,\n\nnever\n\nhaving exceeded\n\nfive dollars, the boat hire would come to much\n\nmore!\n\nMr. Matheson slanders the Colonial Government, by asserting that a Revenue is\n\nderived\n\nfrom houses of bad fame. It is almost\n\nunnecessary to say\n\nthat this statement not\n\nonly is, but always has been, entirely false.\n\nEnough has been shown to betray\n\n{\n\n127\n\nthe character of this evidence, and its further\n\nanalysis becomes a task as forbidding as it is\n\nunnecessary. The condition of the Colony, official returns, the whole of it. And\n\nand the standing refutation of", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-024 - Bonham - 1848 [3-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 231319, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-036 - Sir Bonham - 1851 [1-5]", "page_number": 104, "title": "CO129-036 - Sir Bonham - 1851 [1-5]", "content_text": "Mt. Merivale\n\nA case for the application for Govt assistance for the Protestant Church. The request is now reduced to £455-. The fact that the Surveyor General committed Governor that the Sermon of the people mistakes in\n\n£6,900, the cost of the Church as Estimatory and that Estimates seldom equal the real cost £6,900, and building are poor apologies for sanctioning off public money.\n\nThe strongest ground for relief to the Church is, contained in this fact that when a Church was first contemplated the Govt promised to give 2/3 of it. Ens. preus e\n\nMy Knowing subscription, Frame aan ... Gordon's competitor on more. that three\n\nIt is also to the terms at as the Govt. epsilence, and for. From that if it is not that with be abstracted for the service Complied with there is little fear that the Parish\n\nThe application inter front with the called afern\n\nPCB 27/5\n\nAB\n\nHial repouse and two. The Surveyor General brought the Covenant to £6900, instead the Govt seized the Exeportimity. pass on Federance fixing that\n\n#1 the cost of the building, Jurn and that ever me Home to Harita's Keen.\n\n5 to adoly refused any afsistence beyond Kui pledged 2/3, the suprase has largely\n\nI do not think there is any dain whatem. We Can the circusntamer of th on forramunt. Unive Brink no tusin objration could in when to the pant of ± 455- considered ar by Frame an additional Sentang wanitation.\n\nBut than this I said. lo Rammit to the Treasury I was have already sem the Correo concina I with remarks to this effet, & an het velger is then incuation ini bay wishes to lean the case is\n\nTheir Sure is\n\nI concur with nor therivale steept that I think it will be right to recommend the front to the. Ity while Maitinally clenging may sight to it in the fund of the hacket harleef\n\n7.29\n\n101\n\nCopy\n\nSaint John's Cathedralz. Work as actually performed under Contracts. Comparative statements of Estimate and Service\n\n \n \n Estimated\n Expended\n \n \n Foundation and Stonework...\n £462\\/14\n £3398\n \n \n \n #1 9/999\n 3060143\n \n \n \n 687\n 955 18 7\n \n \n \n 785 17\n \n \n \n Brickwork and Plastering and Hooring\n 526 10 8\n 697 18 4\n \n \n Fittings. Completion of Tower\n \n 519\n \n \n From England - Anwork, blace, etc.\n \n \n \n \n Chart. That with towers ther Contributed very Sundries.\n 73 2\n 1270 16\n \n \n Ajuction as longer afflion.\n 75 265\n 665 84\n \n \n \n 3487 650 3\n 18 15 16053\n \n \n \n \n 323.16' 10\n \n \n Contingencies and Supervision...\n 600 15\n \n \n \n Totals\n £6959 8 3\n 8327 15 10.\n \n\n(Signed)\n\n(True Copy)\n\nChat Files: Cleverly,\n\nColonial Secretary-", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-036 - Sir Bonham - 1851 [1-5].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 234368, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-045 - Sir Bonham - 1854 [1-4]", "page_number": 141, "title": "CO129-045 - Sir Bonham - 1854 [1-4]", "content_text": "and this I now most respectfully and earnestly beg to do.\n\nwas\n\nDr. Morrison during his life indefatigable in the performance of his duties, not only to the Rich but also to the Poor, the latter of whom could make him no return for his attendance on them, and consequence is that he has left a Widow and four Children entirely unprovided for, indeed I may add that but for the aid of her Family in England, she would have been unable to find her way home, to secure which she was necessitated to remain here for 4 months after her husband's decease.\n\nTo shew the kind disposition of the late Dr. Morrison to all classes of the Community, I would invite your Grace's attention to my Despatch \"separate\" of 26th September, 1851, and the reply thereto of the 29th November following from which it will be seen that in consideration of the gratuitous and friendly assistance afforded to the French Catholic Clergy, and Sisters of Charity by Mr Morrison, \"the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the French Republic would be disposed to recommend to the President to confer the decoration of the Legion of Honour upon Dr Morrison, if the English Government would permit him to accept that distinction\".\n\nIn conclusion I would beg to inform Your Grace that 56 of the Protestant Inhabitants of this place have also subscribed to erect a monument to his memory.\n\nI have the honor to be,\n\nWith the highest respect, My Lord Duke,\n\nPage 139", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-045 - Sir Bonham - 1854 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 237065, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-052 - Sir Bowring - 1855 [9-12]", "page_number": 187, "title": "CO129-052 - Sir Bowring - 1855 [9-12]", "content_text": "28\n\ndoubtles lead to proper result. Captain Mt. Colmay replied that he would go over the case, and see the United States Consul before this morning.\n\nI proceeded from the \"Protestant\" to the residence of the Consul, but that gentleman was not at home.\n\nI directed Assistant Superintendent Grant to go on board the \"Reindeer\". He did so, but the Defendant, Mr. Michiels, was not on board.\n\nUp to the present time the Defendant has not been re-apprehended, or any steps been taken in reference to the part taken in the escape by the United States' Consul.\n\nTrue Copy,\n\nLowe, Deputy Supt. of Police.\n\n(Signed) C. Mory,\n\nColonial Secretary.\n\n(Copy) Report of Messrs. &c., Police Magistrates, &c.\n\n18th Feby. 1842\n\nYesterday, at past 4 o'clock, a case was called on before the Sitting Magistrate, the Honorable G. B. Milton, Hillier, Esqre., and J. C. Leslie, Esq. J.P., in which T. John Middion, Carpenter of the American Ship \"Reindeer\", was Plaintiff, and E. W. Michiels, Captain of said Ship, Defendant, for violent assault. On the conclusion of the case I was ordered to receive a fine of $50 to the Queen, and twenty-five dollars amends to the Plaintiff, and on asking Captain Michiels for the sum, he said he would not \"pay a single cent.\" At about past 4¼ o'clock I said to Captain Michiels, as he was determined not to pay the fine, to come to gaol, \"Be off!\"\n\nPage information is not present, but the text appears to be a continuation from page 28.\n\nThere are two distinct reports here: the first is from Lowe, Deputy Superintendent of Police, to the Colonial Secretary, and the second is a report from the Police Magistrates.\n\nThe original text has been proofread and formatted according to the given instructions.\n\n \nrevised to \n28\n\ndoubtles lead to proper result. Captain Mt. Colmay replied that he would go over the case, and see the United States Consul before this morning.\n\nI for proceeded from the \"Protestant\" to the residence of the Consul, but that gentleman was ward from home.\n\nI directed Assistant Superintendent Grant to go on board the \"Reindeer\". He did so, but the Defendant, Mr. Michiels, was not on board.\n\nUp to the present time the Defendant has not been re-apprehended, or have any steps been taken in reference to the part taken in the escape by the United States' Consul.\n\nTrue Copy,\n\nLowe, Deputy Supt. of Police.\n\n(Signed) C. Mory,\n\nColonial Secretary.\n\n(Copy) Report of Messrs. & Suratin, Police Magistrates, &c.\n\n18th Feby. 1842\n\nYesterday, at past 4 o'clock, a case was called upon before the Sitting Magistrate, the Honorable G. B. Milton, Hillier, Esqre., and J. C. Leslie, Esq. J.P., in which T. John Middion, Carpenter of the American Ship \"Reindeer\", was Plaintiff, and E. W. Michiels, Captain of said Ship, Defendant, for violent assault. On the conclusion of the case I was ordered to receive a fine of $50 to the Queen, and twenty-five dollars amends to the Plaintiff, and on asking Captain Michiels for the sum, he said he would not \"pay a single cent.\" At about past 4¼ o'clock I said to Captain Michiels, as he was determined not to pay the fine, to come to gaol, \"Be off!\"", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-052 - Sir Bowring - 1855 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 242640, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-065 - Sir Bowring & Public Offices - 1857 [11-12]", "page_number": 36, "title": "CO129-065 - Sir Bowring & Public Offices - 1857 [11-12]", "content_text": "## ipc \n\nrepon financial questions. \n\nYou state in Despatch No. 111 in regard to the proposed Expenditure for improving the Magistracy buildings, the amount required must be previously provided for in the Colonial Estimates and meet with the concurrence of the Council\". \n\n## 112 \n\nAnd in Despatch No. 112 regarding a new building in the Protestant burying Ground you direct me to submit to the Council in the Colonial Estimates what works the state of the local finances will allow me to recommend.\n\nOn looking through the Correspondence connected with the financial affairs of the Colony, I gather that it is not the intention of the Secretary of State that the Estimates should be submitted to the Legislative Council for any other purpose than to elicit for the information and satisfaction of the Home Government any suggestions which members of the Legislature desire to convey but may", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-065 - Sir Bowring & Public Offices - 1857 [11-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 247021, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-073 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Bowring - 1859 [1-5]", "page_number": 324, "title": "CO129-073 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Bowring - 1859 [1-5]", "content_text": "73\n\nof Ass Anstey while Attorney General was called to the matter. I do not know whether the Returns kept by Ministers of the Church of England in this Colony or in China are sent to the Registrar General in London, - as the Consular Records are - I believe not, nor in the case of Catholic or dissenting registers does any proper machinery exist as far as I am aware for reporting \"Marriages and births, and mortality to the Metropolis. A question was sometime submitted to the Law Authorities at Home as to the validity of Protestant marriages celebrated at Macao - the question was left in so uncertain a state that many of Her Majesty's Subjects who had been married at Macao have thought it prudent to be re-married in Hongkong. As the Legislative Council of Hongkong is charged with legislating on British Subjects in China, and British is no doubt the late Treaties will necessitate the transfer of that power to some other authority, I hope steps will be taken to secure accurate records from the clergy of the Church of England in the various Ports of China which probably the Bishop of Victoria would not be unwilling to transmit to the proper Authorities in England.\n\n38. It may be stated notwithstanding", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-073 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Bowring - 1859 [1-5].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 250818, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-080 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [1-3]", "page_number": 379, "title": "CO129-080 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [1-3]", "content_text": "373\n\n4.\n\nand the ... moved from within the Military lines, Military buildings from without; this combined with the arrangements which will have to be made for accommodation whilst permanent buildings are erected or fit for habitation, will prevent any development of the Peninsula for Commercial purposes for a number of years.\n\n... to Come, and is consequently Certain to cause much loss and inconvenience both to the & Imperial and Colonial services. I maintain that all these points should have been duly considered before any unauthorised occupation: even ... of a such an ... was made, or any intimation of a desire for this area submitted for His Excellency's approval. A sketch for a Roman Catholic Chapel is finished, a sketch for a Protestant Church Commenced - One Range of Barracks roofed in and partially floored, while two others are in progress, and sites for four or five others marked out.\n\nI submit that within the several areas applied for by the Military for permanent occupation troops and batteries, there is abundant space for every possible want, not only for the additional men now proposed to be sent there for the Summer, but for a far greater number; in fact I am convinced that without inconvenience or difficulty of any kind, 800 Men could be effectively ... upon areas now vacant, butted upon areas which it is highly probable permanent buildings or batteries will be erected in several years, and which comprise all those requirements for sanatory objects which at present Napiers Range does not possess. These areas are shown on the Plan and marked MIL.P. I should recommend the occupation of O. and ME in the first instance, but object to I at present, until a point referred to...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-080 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 264016, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-109 - Public Offices - 1865", "page_number": 290, "title": "CO129-109 - Public Offices - 1865", "content_text": "## Command \n\nChina has \n\n### Sii E. Rozers \n\n11/511 \n\nbeen kept under observation on account of their wet and tortured condition.\n\n-7 \n\nAmong young people my main concern is to act out what it be (as it now stands). Their intentions, L. Mie, are contrary \n\nto my own for some time. Land conditions are clear & more \n\njuvenile. M Cardwall 6. The horizon brings to \n\ndelivery of Punter \n\n2. The Chinese \n\nin union \n\n& the Add... \n\n10606 Hong Kong: \n\nMy proposals represent 57th & offer decomposition, seem to come to nothing. The question \n\nis not one \n\nof how but of this \n\nI support the instructions suggested \n\nI Lord Rufile is the grand Z. \n\n1.48. \n\n15. \n\nC \n\nof Praks – wrecked \n\nthe protestant of Perug in beschert \n\n288 \n\n\"Death by starvation deplored\" but to deal with such ferrous acts under British Law. \n\n2. \n\nwherein again \n\ndon't do it and \n\nC4 \n\nZ \n\ndie natur ist freundlich – do schre For It Minister to at Ickin. \n\nBut gr. \n\nh \n\nSon: \n\nmy be \n\nattitudes to fun of the fish in A tepeti \n\nB. Minister \n\na duty. \n\nat Jckin? \n\nI think then can be no doubt Not the mode of manipulation dieffected", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-109 - Public Offices - 1865.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 291885, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-164 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [7-9]", "page_number": 564, "title": "CO129-164 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [7-9]", "content_text": "561 \n\nprevious one, who would not bate a tittle of his rights. The present master makes no complaints, but it is currently reported and generally believed in Aberdeen and other adjacent places that, instead of receiving anything, he has to give monthly presents to certain of the villagers for the privilege of getting their children to teach. The school has improved considerably under the present master.\n\n9. The number enrolled at the 15 schools which are entirely under Government control was 998, giving an average of 67 scholars to each. These schools are now getting into a very satisfactory condition, as far as numbers and regularity are concerned. They were long a source of much trouble. A school would be first on the list this year and at the bottom of it the next, without any very apparent reason for the change. No doubt the getting quit of many unqualified masters, and the fact that both masters and scholars now know better what is expected of them, have gone far to bring this about. These schools, ten years ago, were as unsatisfactory as the aided schools are now; and it is this which gives rise to the hope that before another decade is over an equally great change will have taken place in all the native schools in the Colony.\n\n10. The best of the 15 schools is the one at Stanley. The present master has the credit of making it what it is. It is a model of order and regularity, and is in high esteem in the village. The master, however, is very unwilling to remain. He is dissatisfied with the place, as it removes him so far from anything like congenial society. The people, too, do not seem to live together in great harmony, and he is very much afraid of getting mixed up with their disputes. It will be a serious matter for the school if he cannot be persuaded to remain.\n\n11. The schools at Sar-ying Pún, Sheng án, Tái Wong Kung, Wantsai, and Shán-kí Wán come next in order. At these, the attendance is very large and very regular. At no place has the advantage of a good master been so evident as at Shán-kí Wán. Three years ago, it had become a question whether any further attempt should be made to maintain a school in the village. When a Hákká master was appointed, failure was attributed to the indifference of the people. When he was succeeded by a Púnti, similar excuses were never wanting. Under the present master, both Púntis and Hákkás avail themselves of the school, and express themselves as highly satisfied. If the people were more straightforward when anything is really amiss with a school, salutary changes would be effected more rapidly; but, as a rule, they are studiously silent until their information is no longer of any use.\n\n12. The change at Aberdeen, recommended last year, has now been carried into effect. The best scholar at the Central School was appointed master. English is taught in the forenoon and Chinese in the afternoon. Nothing more was attempted than reading, writing, and arithmetic, and possibly little more may be effected during the present year. The little, however, that was attempted was well done; and, taking all things into consideration, the examination at the end of the year was sufficiently satisfactory.\n\n13. The change took place in March, and before the end of the month, 18 scholars were enrolled. They came in very gradually. The new régime was not so popular as some expected; but it was much better that the school should gradually make its way, than be frequented at first and ultimately deserted. The attendance was very regular for six months; but, after that, it declined rapidly, till in November there were only seven scholars. The master got disheartened and insisted on resigning. There was much difficulty in persuading him to stay. The reason given for withdrawing the boys was that, as they had failed to learn to speak English in six months, there was no hope of their ever being able to do so. It was thus the immediate prospect of turning a knowledge of English to practical account that induced the parents to send their children. Mere mental improvement was an element in the calculation which it never occurred to them to include. Notwithstanding this, the number of scholars rose to 18 again in December, and 17 were present on the examination day. Nothing startling was ever expected from the change, and years may elapse before much good is done, but in its ultimate success there need be no want of confidence. Prejudices are not removed in a year, and Chinese prejudice in favour of their own system of education is too firmly rooted to be uptorn by any sudden effort.\n\n14. The Central School has reached its culmination as regards numbers and efficiency if the building and the teaching staff remain as they are. It might have been nearer the truth to have said that it had already begun to decline, for it is impossible that only three English masters can do justice to so many scholars. During the year, 502 were enrolled. The highest attendance was 364, the lowest 308. The average number enrolled during the twelve months was 349, and the average attendance for the same period was 329. This is very much in advance of previous years, but here advancement must stop for the present, simply from want of room.\n\n15. There is no reason to suppose that any difficulty will be made about the appointment of an additional master, and that in itself will be of the greatest possible advantage to the school. A new building is a very different matter; but, as the Government is fully alive to the inadequacy of the present accommodation and to the desirability of having as early as possible a school worthy of the name, it is sufficient to record the want here, that there may be no chance of its being lost sight of. On these two points, that of a new master and a new school, a special report was made in July last. It is not necessary, therefore, to go into the details again.\n\n16. In the month of May last, the sum of $3,000 was handed over to Trustees by the members of the late Morrison Education Society to found a Scholarship at this school. Up to the present time, the fund has been lying idle, as the Government has been obliged to decline the scholarship on the terms offered by the majority of the Trustees. Whether the school will ultimately enjoy the benefit of the scholarship, unfettered by conditions inconsistent with the system on which it is conducted, is a question which cannot be much longer delayed. A legal decision on the point at issue seems to be the only practical solution of the difficulty, and such a decision will have to be obtained soon, if no arrangement can be made in the meantime.\n\n17. The difficulty which has arisen in this matter points to recent discussions on the constitution of the school and to the dissatisfaction which has been expressed by some at what they are pleased to call its \"godless\" character. Were any good likely to accrue from a re-opening of the discussion, or were it at all likely that a statement of the case would carry conviction to the minds of those who object to the school, the question would be discussed here, at the risk of much repetition; but the position which has been taken up with regard to religious teaching has been so often reviewed in these annual reports, and as often challenged by fresh critics, that it would be a futile task to go over the ground again. Theoretically right or theoretically wrong, the position of the Government with regard to education is perfectly intelligible, and has been found to be eminently practical. It is simply an endeavour to meet, as far as can possibly be done, every denomination, Christian and Pagan, on common ground; and a determination to refrain from wounding the susceptibilities of any one on the point of all points on which men are most susceptible. If a precise statement cannot be given of the exact spot on which all are thus met, it does not follow that no such meeting-place has been found. To wait till a theory has been perfected, before action is taken in a matter of vital importance to the well-being of the colony as well as of individuals, is to follow the example of Rusticus in making no effort to wade or swim the stream, but contenting himself with waiting on the bank until all the water shall have run down.\n\n18. In the month of April last, the Legislative Council approved of a scheme for the better promotion of elementary education by assisting denominational and other schools on the well-known system of Grants-in-aid. The scheme as applied to the Colony differs in no essential particular from that in operation elsewhere. Certain modifications had, of course, to be made to suit the peculiar necessities of the place, but, beyond that, the scheme contains nothing new or unusual. Its purport may be given in a single sentence. All schools which devote four hours a day to secular instruction may devote the other school hours to religious instruction; and for the actual results of the secular instruction, as ascertained by examination, Government allows a certain fixed sum for each scholar who reaches a certain standard of scholarship. That is virtually the whole scheme; and it has met with the approval of all denominations, Catholic and Protestant alike.\n\n19. During the past year, the following schools applied for Grants:-St. Saviour's Day School (Catholic), St. Stephen's School (Church of England), Victoria Boys' School (Undenominational), Wántsai Chapel School (London Mission), T'ái-p'ing Shán Chapel School (London Mission), and the Baxter Vernacular Girls' Schools (Church of England). St. Saviour's School, being the first to make application, had to comply with the provisions of the scheme in their entirety. The others applied later and, with the exception of the last, were allowed half the values of the standards for those scholars who had attended 100 times. The Baxter Vernacular Schools, not having applied till September, were allowed two-fifths of the values of the standards for 80 attendances. These arrangements were made to enable the scheme to be brought into operation at once, and to get the returns made up at the end of the year.\n\n20. St. Saviour's School, under the Management of the Revd. Father PALMER, was attended during the year by 110 scholars, principally Portuguese, but including English and other nationalities as well. The average monthly enrolment was 64, and the daily attendance varied from 44 to 62. The number presented for examination, that is, all who had attended 200 times and upwards, was 25. Of these, 16 passed and 9 failed. The grant to the school amounted to $64. This must not be taken as a measure of what the school can do, and will do in the future; although, even as a first examination, it is not by any means satisfactory, and no one feels this more than the manager and teacher. Two points need careful looking to in this school. There must be a stricter discipline in the way of attendance, and the teaching power must be increased, before the school can take a high rank among the educational institutions of the Colony. In all other points, it leaves little to be desired. The teacher is able and energetic, but he cannot possibly do justice to such a large school single-handed. A very favourable change has recently been made in the school books, which were formerly by far too difficult. All the other appliances are ample and in excellent order.\n\n21. St. Stephen's School, under the Management of the Revd. A. B. HUTCHINSON, was only recently established and is solely for Chinese boys. The number of scholars for the year was 75, the average monthly enrolment being 61, and the daily attendance varying from 40 to 53. On the examination day, 29 scholars were examined, of whom only four failed. A larger number would have been presented, if the examination had taken place earlier. Many of the boys had left for their native villages on the approach of the Chinese New Year. This difficulty will be obviated in future either by holding the examination earlier, or by insisting on the boys remaining until within a fortnight of the new year. The school is doing much good in a very poor locality of the city. The teacher has his work at heart and labours faithfully. The sum gained by the school was $33. This will be very much improved upon next year, when the full number of attendances is made up, and full values given for passes. It is also to be noted that the third was the highest standard under which scholars were presented. As the school advances, higher standards will be reached, and a more liberal sum will thus be at the manager's disposal for its support and extension.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-164 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 293388, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-167 - Sir Kennedy - 1874 [1-8]", "page_number": 48, "title": "CO129-167 - Sir Kennedy - 1874 [1-8]", "content_text": "was \n\nThe class from which pupils are drawn, for very many years, had a predilection for studies arranged or taught by foreigners, even in Hongkong, deemed a scarcely amiable weakness, which on the mainland would receive a rough check. So long as this feeling was that of the majority, it was, of course, hopeless to expect anything like sympathy on the part of the more well-to-do natives. Time, however, worked the usual change, and hostility gave way to indifference, which in turn developed into a desire to have native boys taught those acquirements which would better enable them to make their way in the world. The Chinese of Hongkong are now in what we may term this second stage as regards education. Knowledge is valued not for its own sake but for the power it confers of earning more money. They have yet to learn that there is a higher object yet to be attained in study, and that the acquisition of dollars is not the only end and object for which they are born. Nevertheless, a great step has been gained. Indifference, that no arguments could move, has been replaced by an eagerness to have children taught, highly to be commended, and we must not too curiously inquire into motives. Suffice it to say that some knowledge of at least the elements of a foreign education is now deemed a desideratum by the principal natives in Hongkong, and that Mr. Stewart's efforts now have their sympathy instead of their antagonism.\n\nSir Arthur Kennedy's remarks after the distribution of the prizes may, of course, be taken to explain the policy which the government intends to pursue in the matter of school grants, and as such deserve attention. Sir Arthur has always been strongly in favour of payments by results, and he did not fail to expatiate upon the benefits of that course of action. From the general proposition that it provides the best security the government can obtain for its grants being properly applied, few will dissent. But with every deference to H.E.'s experience, we would ask whether there is not some danger of over-impressing upon the native mind the beauties of a scheme of which the principal feature is that it is eminently utilitarian. Most men who favour education concede that there is a duty devolving upon all governments to provide education of some sort for the people; and this fact is, we well enough know, kept in view here. But in actual fact, it is very doubtful whether payments by results from the commencement would have ever allowed the Central School to attain its present satisfactory state. Nor, in strict truth, is the system even now applied to the government schools, inasmuch as what most people consider the primary object of the scheme - that of affecting the remuneration of the masters, and so inducing zeal on their part - does not in the least touch them. Another evil also may be caused by too great an insistence on the benefits of the new plan. The Chinese, to whom payment by results has long been familiar, may be apt to regard it as a weapon put into their hands wherewith to punish the government masters if at any time they act in a way that displeases them. The absurdity of the idea is no reason why it should not be entertained, and as it is highly desirable that no such idea should prevail, it may perhaps be well not to say too much to people who do not clearly understand the distinctions observed between schools whose masters are salaried by the State, and those in which the latter affords only outside and independent aid.\n\nAs regards H.E.'s remarks on the subject of secular education, we can (though strongly in favour of it where European boys alone are in question) but reiterate our former remark that it falls dead in this Colony. It is a disadvantage to the very few Protestant boys who attend the schools; it does not in the faintest degree conciliate the Catholics; and, lastly, it is a matter of such complete indifference to the natives that were Catholicism, Protestantism, and Mahomedanism especially taught, month and month about, no Chinese parent would entertain the least objection to his child attending each class in turn. We quite agree with His Excellency that it is impossible to conciliate members of all creeds. But we urge that the present system conciliates nobody, while possessing certain disadvantages peculiar only to a system of education carried on in the midst of a pagan population. With all this, too great praise cannot be given to the manner in which the secular system under Mr. Stewart's superintendence is carried out. It is undoubtedly most successful, and the only question is whether similar success would not, in his hands, attend a denominational scheme also.\n\n## The Daily Press\n\n### HONGKONG, PROBARY 11TH, 1874\n\n## PUBLIC EXAMINATION AT THE GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS\n\nYesterday, the annual public examination of the scholars at the Government Schools took place. The classes assembled shortly after 10 o'clock, and the scholars were then examined. The fourth, fifth, and sixth classes were examined fully by a visitor present, and showed a very good knowledge of the various subjects on which they were questioned. The boys could read with fluency passages well up to the average of English books in difficulty; could do sums in practice and proportion, and were able to take down fairly from dictation. The time taken in arithmetic was, we think, less than would be required by boys in a similar class at home - that is, of course, taking the younger ones as the standard, as there are many who have only come to school late, and are a great deal older than any youth who would be found so low down in a school at home. The first and second classes were put through a very stiff examination in geography, arithmetic, reading, &c., by the second Master, and acquitted themselves very satisfactorily, and the proficiency generally shown came up to a very good standard. At noon, H.E. the Governor, and Capt. O'Callaghan, arrived, and the classes were filed into the Lecture Hall, where H.E. proceeded to distribute the prizes. Among the visitors present were the Hon. Mr. Austin, Hon. C. Smith, Hon. P. Ryrie, Mr. Rosano, Portuguese Vice-Consul, &c., &c. H.E. then distributed the various prizes, with a few kindly and encouraging words to each of the successful scholars.\n\n### The List is as follows:-\n\n#### ENGLISH CLASSES. SPECIAL PRIZES.\n\n| Prize | Recipient | Gift | Presented by |\n|--------------|-------------|-------------------------------|-----------------------|\n| Best Scholar | U Lai-ün | field glass | Government |\n| Translation | Sin A-sin | watch | Hon. C. C. Smith |\n| Chemistry | Lo A-laeung | watch | Hon. P. Ryrie |\n| Drawing | F. Reme | ios, book | Mr. Hyndman |\n| Arith- | | | |\n\n46", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-167 - Sir Kennedy - 1874 [1-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 294477, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-168 - Sir Kennedy - 1874 [9-12]", "page_number": 445, "title": "CO129-168 - Sir Kennedy - 1874 [9-12]", "content_text": "# STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES\non the 1st January, and 1st July, 1874, \nand estimated on 1st January, 1875.\n\nin Enclosure N.3 in \nGovernor \nNo. 222 of 24 November 1874.\n\nSir Arthur Kennedy's Despatch\n\n## Memorandum of Probable Expenditure on Public Works from 1 January to 31 December 1874, and of Probable unexpended Balance on the 1 January 1875, Estimate for Services.\n\n| Works and Buildings | Estimate | Probable Unexpended Balance |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Harbour Master's office | 7,000 | 1,600 |\n| Harbour Master's office | 3,000 | 600 |\n| Civil Hospital Excavations and Preparation of Site | 24,000 | 14,000 |\n| Protestant Cemetery | 5,000 | 750 |\n| Repairs to Buildings | 10,000 | ... |\n| Harbour Office | 4,000 | ... |\n| Maintenance of Public Gardens and Plantations | ... | 22 |\n| Additions to Almshouse | ... | 23 |\n| Extension of Government Offices | ... | 24 |\n| Erection of Harbour Master's Temporary Office at the Gap | ... | 18 |\n| Alterations and Additions to Harbour Master's Office | ... | 23 |\n| Hong Kong | ... | 28 |\n| Hown | ... | 36 |\n| Hoem úgins | ... | 30 |\n| Repairs to Civil Hospital | ... | 36 |\n| Syngpain Market | ... | 37 |\n| Hanchai Market | ... | ... |\n| Sunday Services of Italian Grove | ... | 8 |\n| Fanticonous Works | ... | 31 |\n| Road Works & Bridges | ... | 12 |\n| Drains in Velova | ... | ... |\n| Fund to Finish | ... | 13 |\n| Improvements at Verdun | ... | 16 |\n| Houd's and Steel's Contingencies | ... | 18 |\n| Irving Fivela Taifungatımı | ... | ... |\n| Fide Cramunta un Save | ... | ... |\n| Repairs to Stonda and of Vistnina | ... | 20 |\n| Repairs to Burgess | ... | ... |\n| Alpand to | ... | ... |\n| Jorundr | 2,000 | 2,000 |\n| Jola!--B | 400 | 400 |\n| ... | 4,000 | ... |\n| ... | 0,000 | ... |\n| ... | 1,175 | A. 600 |\n| ... | 666 | 4,800 |\n| ... | 660 | 3,000 |\n| ... | ... | 2,000 |\n| ... | b. 845 | 20 |\n| ... | 375 | 3220 |\n| ... | 10,000 | ... |\n| ... | ... | $ 100 |\n| ... | 1,260 | L. ... |\n| ... | 380 | ... |\n| ... | 120,276 | 10,600 |\n| ... | ... | 4,350 |\n| ... | 1,200 | ... |\n| ... | 3,000 | 117,27510 |\n| ... | ... | 3,000 |\n| ... | 625 | 6,000 |\n| ... | 5,000 | 11,000 |\n| ... | 1,000 | 1,000 |\n| ... | 2,400 | 2,400 |\n| ... | 10,201 | 10,000 |\n| ... | 2,000 | ... |\n| ... | 300 | ¿ noc |\n| ... | 4,000 | 72.0 |\n| ... | 2,000 | ... |\n| ... | 7,500 | 2,200 |\n| ... | 6,000 | ... |\n| ... | 3,000 | ... |\n| ... | 2,000 | ... |\n\n## Recapitulation\n\n| | $ |\n| --- | --- |\n| Works and Buildings | 120,975 10 |\n| Roads Streets and Bridges | 44,420 |\n| Grand Total | 164,695 10 |\n| Surveyor General's Office, Hong Kong | 177,275 10 |\n| 12 October 1874 | |\n\nGolat - $ \nWb. 426 \nhh bho \n\nImbrice \nSnerryer General.\n\n625 \n64,620 \n161,695 \n10 \n3,000 \n625", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-168 - Sir Kennedy - 1874 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 296008, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-170 - Sir Kennedy - 1875 [1-3] -- Acting Governor Austin - 1875 [3-6]", "page_number": 470, "title": "CO129-170 - Sir Kennedy - 1875 [1-3] -- Acting Governor Austin - 1875 [3-6]", "content_text": "# As this Bill involves the interest of a large Community, of which we are the spiritual guides, we cannot understand, why it was not brought under our notice before being sent home; for it is well known that any Bill sanctioned by the Home Government is almost sure to be received without opposition here or elsewhere: no Official Member can withhold his vote, and the non-Official Members do not generally wish to oppose a matter already approved of at home.\n\nThe general rule in like matter is, if we mistake not, first to discuss the question in the Legislative Council, afterwards to have it sent Home for approval. We are satisfied that you, Right Honourable Sir, will give a patient hearing to us, on this question of such moment and delicacy.\n\n## It is stated in the notes by the Attorney General that there is not presently any official record of Marriages, the Registers of the Catholic Church being the private property of the Ecclesiastical Authorities, but an article of the Marriage Ordinance orders every one holding a register, to deliver up same to the Registrar within three months after the promulgation of said Ordinance.\n\nHow then do the Government claim our private property? In the next place, we are ordered to make an affidavit, should we prefer giving a copy of our register instead of the original, declaring same to be a true copy. Now, had the Attorney General consulted us on the subject, we would have informed him that our register contains certain particulars more than Protestant registers, and these particulars are solely for the benefit of the Roman Catholic Community. No doubt you, Right Hon. Sir, do not expect us to betray the confidence of our community. With regard to fees, three-fourths of our Catholics shall not be able to pay them even when reduced. It may not be out of place to remark here that the Catholic priests do not receive a single farthing for the administration of the Sacraments.\n\n## All these objectionable points are of little worth when compared with the principle that pervades the Bill, it being at variance with Catholic principles.\n\nWe believe Marriage to be a Sacrament, and must be treated as such. Its Minister therefore must be free in the exercise of it; now it is impossible to combine it with the regulations of the New Ordinance, for they interfere with the Minister in the discharge of his duties. The Government has no power to prescribe a form for the administration of the Sacrament of Matrimony, as it has no power to prescribe a form for the administration of the other Sacraments. Neither has it the right to forbid, or to command the Sacrament to be administered in such or such a particular case. It does not belong to lay authority to establish rules for the administration of holy things: let a man so look upon us as Ministers of Christ, and the dispensers of the mysteries of God (St. Paul, c. 4. v. 1) - **Gouseet**.\n\nThe form of Marriage according to the XXIII Section of the new Bill, is entirely out of keeping with the doctrine of our Church, and might deter indirectly Catholics from receiving the Sacrament of Marriage in their own Church, to which fact still more strength is added by the reduction of fees for Civil Marriages, whilst the high fees for licence remain untouched; thus Catholics are induced to make choice of Marriage by civil law, rather than that of their own Church.\n\n## The principles of our Church are such that we cannot admit the Bill.\n\n**Protest**. - We, on the 18th of March, seeing that the regulations of the Ordinance could not be complied with, forwarded to the Members of the Legislative Council, our solemn protest, wherein was stated that we submitted to penalties rather than comply with the Bill, and that we were protesting, not for opposition, but for conscience's sake. The Home Chief Justice in Council stated that objections made on principles, should receive the greatest attention.\n\n## Select Committee\n\n- A Select Committee is formed. Unfortunately, all the Members of the Legislative Council are Protestants, and out of them, five gentlemen were selected. The Vicar Apostolic was then invited to meet these Gentlemen. He, knowing that the question was on principle, thought it convenient to state his objections on paper (which have been already mentioned when speaking of the principles pervading the Bill), and then objections were sent to the Chairman of the Select Committee. The question was: has the Bill to be altered on principle or not? Principles are not to be discussed, and we Catholics deem our religious principles unchangeable, beyond the sphere of discussion; and this is the reason we cannot admit of anything tampering with Catholic principles. It was, therefore, useless to discuss other points before the matter of principle was settled.\n\n## Objections raised and answered\n\n- The Select Committee resolved not to alter the Bill on principle; it passed as it originally stood (save some few unimportant changes), on the ground that the principle of the new Bill had been recognized in the so-called Catholic countries - France and Belgium, and that in Ceylon, where an Ordinance similar to this had been in force since 1863, no public complaint has been made against it as far as they have heard. We emphatically deny that the principle of the new Bill has been recognized by the Bishops of France, Belgium, and Ceylon; on the contrary, the Roman Catholic Church has never ceased protesting against the so-called Organic Articles, in which the principles of the new Bill are expressed: no Roman Catholic Bishop in any part of the world, comprising Ceylon, could or ever had done anything at variance with Roman Catholic principles; there is, however, this difference that as France, Belgium, and Ceylon are large places, the contrast between civil law and Roman Catholic principles can pass unnoticed, whilst Hongkong being small, it cannot take effect without exciting a great and painful sensation amongst the Community.\n\nNow, let us take one point out of many: Civil Marriage is condemned by the Roman Catholic Church; hence, we consider Marriage performed in accordance with Section XXIII of this new Bill, a concubinage. Civil Marriages could be performed heretofore in Hongkong at the Registrar's Office; the proclamation, however, was not so unseasonable as in the new Bill, in which the Registrar is constituted High Priest, who warns the couple that there is no need of religious ceremony. Till now, we never spoke to our flock about the Civil Marriage; indeed, there was no necessity, but as soon as the new Bill is enforced, it will be our duty openly to condemn Civil Marriage, and the Catholic Community will look upon the English Government as promoter of concubinage. In the past, both ourselves and our flock have lived and worked most amicably with the Government; do not now, we entreat you, put us in such a disagreeable position.\n\nAt the Meeting of the Legislative Council, previous to the passing of the Bill, the Honourable Chief Justice was making some substantial objections to it, but H. E. the President warned him that if any substantial change were made in the Bill, it should go home a second time; the Acting Colonial Secretary added that the Bill had come from home approved of by the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for the Colonies, with instructions to have it passed. The Bill then passed.\n\nWe feel confident that if a fair discussion had been allowed, the matter would have gone in a different way.\n\n## The Press of Hongkong\n\nThe Press being Protestant in Hongkong, it is very difficult to have a true idea at Home of Catholic matters here, and this proves the necessity of a Catholic newspaper. They did not let the happy occasion pass without crying victory against the Roman Catholics. The sectarian, anti-Catholic spirit of one of them is very well-known here. Though the other two are Protestant, still one of them regrets that the Catholic Community should have been so much aggrieved; although it adds the Legislature could not have done otherwise, as in the Colony it must follow Imperial Proceedings.\n\nWe do not think that you would enforce a law in Hongkong because it is good in England; on the contrary, we know that you desire Legislation to be adapted to the circumstances of a people, climate, and place.\n\nAnother newspaper acknowledges plainly that the principles of the new Bill are at variance with Roman Catholic doctrine, and that it is not surprising we object to it! However, it adds, we could not blame the Council for not adapting the Ordinance to Catholic principles. But the Bill being framed for a large Catholic community, you, Right Honourable Sir, will agree that that fact should have been taken into consideration; and the end of the Bill being registration, it could be observed without interfering with Roman Catholic principles, or offending Protestant feeling and religious liberty. Even supposing the case that Legislation could not content both Protestant and Catholic, would it be just to inconvenience the bulk of the Christian community (which is Catholic) to favour the few? Government respects the religious feelings of the few Mahomedans living in Hongkong, and of the Pagan Chinese, who live disorderly, in bigamy, by not applying to...\n\nPage 482", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-170 - Sir Kennedy - 1875 [1-3] -- Acting Governor Austin - 1875 [3-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 302018, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-181 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [1-8]", "page_number": 179, "title": "CO129-181 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [1-8]", "content_text": "# THE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 16TH FEBRUARY, 1878.\n\nHappily the Chinese Government and private individuals are exerting themselves in the latter, and large contributions have been raised and forwarded both in money and food to the Famine stricken districts.\n\nBut the whole is of course utterly inadequate to meet the wants of the case, and Missionaries alike Catholic and Protestant, are engaged to the utmost of their ability in the work of distribution and more are ready to enter on it, if means are provided for the purpose. Urgent appeals are to hand for aid, and the Relief Committee here have resolved on adopting the same line of action that was pursued last year, namely, canvassing the foreign settlements at this place, writing to the outports, including Hongkong and Japan, and, in addition, to telegraph to England and America.\n\nLast year the Colony of Hongkong responded liberally to the appeals that were made for Shantung, and the necessities of the case compel us to renew our appeals this year, also in the hope that they will be as effective as they were then.\n\nWe have been appointed to write your Excellency for this purpose, and to lay the matter before you, requesting that such means may be carried out at Hongkong, as may be thought most suitable. Your kind attention to this will be the occasion of much thankfulness to the members of our Relief Committee and it is desired that any monies contributed for the object may be sent to the Treasurer of the Fund, F. W. LEMARCHAND, Esq., Agra Bank, Shangbai.\n\nHis Excellency \nThe Governor of Hongkong, \n&c., \n&c.\n\nWe have, &c. \nWM. MUIRHEAD, \nHon. Sec., China Famine Relief Fund. \nE. REEVES PALMER, \nMinister of Union Church, Shanghai.\n\n## R. C. MISSION HOUSE, HONGKONG, 7th February, 1878.\n\nEXCELLENCY,-The appalling news of the horrors of famine, which I almost daily receive from the North of China, compels me to recur to the generosity of the heart of Your Excellency, craving for a relief for so many famine-stricken fellow-creatures. As Procurator of the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda Fide, I continually receive letters from the heads of the Italian Missions, that is the Provinces of Shen-Shi, Shan-Shi and Honan, the Provinces most suffering from famine. My great friend the Right Reverend Bishop VOLONTERI, Vicar Apostolic of Honan, well known here in Hongkong where he worked as Missionary for 10 years and who made the so widely spread chart of the San-on district) writes me in date of 12th January, that the horrors of famine are so great, that fathers are seen eating the corpse of their children, and children assisting at the death of their fathers, eating them immediately as they have expired. Indeed the local Mandarins do something, but quite powerless for so many dying people in those huts where at times some 5 or 6 thousand people collected receive a daily soup by the Government, some 60 or 100 corpses are extracted every day.\n\nAfter such terrible description of the horrors of famine, the Right Reverend Bishop VOLONTERI, and the Right Reverend Bishop LING, Vicar Apostolic of Shan-Shi pray me to do all that lay in my power to find some relief for so many poor creatures, whom they are condemned to see dying every hour around them, unable as they are through poverty to stretch forth their hands to help them. I urged by such pitiful motives take courage to put my humble petition for some relief in the hands of Your Excellency, knowing the sincere feelings of charity which animates your heart, and hoping that the Colonial Government, which was so liberal last year for the poor people of Shantung Province will also come to the help of those of Shan-Shi and Honan.\n\nI have, &c., \nG. BURGHIGNOLI, \nProcurator of Propaganda Fide.\n\nHis Excellency \nJOHN POPE HENNESSY, C.M.G., \nGovernor of Hongkong, \n&c., \n&c., \n&c.\n\n# THE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 16TH FEBRUARY, 1878.\n\n## GOVERNMENT HOUSE, MADRAS, 11th January, 1878.\n\nSIR,-I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of two drafts amounting to Rupees 543.10.4, towards the Famine Relief Fund.\n\nI beg that you will convey to Bishop RAIMONDI and to the Officers and Men of the Portuguese Gun-vessel Tejo, my best thanks for the remittance.\n\nI remain, &c., \nBUCKINGHAM AND CHANDOS.\n\nHis Excellency JOHN POPE HENNESSY, Esq., \nGovernor of Hongkong.\n\n## GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\n### TEACHING OF ENGLISH IN THE GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS.\n\nThe following Letters and Minutes are published for general information.\n\nBy Command, \nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 15th February, 1878.\n\n[No. 15.] \nJ. GARDINER AUSTIN, \nColonial Secretary.\n\nHONGKONG, 28th January, 1878.\n\nSIR,-Referring to your Letter No. 132 of the 2nd March last, informing me of the Secretary of State's approval of the proposal for introducing a system of payment by results in the Government Schools of the Colony, I have the honour to report as follows:-\n\nThe Schools ranked as very good are the\n1. Tang-lung Chau (Púnti) School.\n2. Wantsai School.\n3. Stanley School.\n\nThe Schools ranked as good are the-\n1. Sai Ying-pún (Púnti) School.\n2. Há Wán School.\n3. Shéung Wán School.\n4. Shán-ki Wán School.\n5. Girls' School.\n6. Tang-lung Chau (Hakka) School.\n7. Ap-li Chau School.\n8. Shek-t'ong Tsúi School.\n9. Ta'at Tsz-múi School.\n\n| Rank | Payment |\n| --- | --- |\n| 5 Masters | $25 each |\n| 7 Masters | $15 each |\n\nTotal, $230.00 \n($125.00 + $105.00)\n\nThis payment comes under the denomination of Grants-in-Aid. I have already, in my Letter No. 3 of 7th instant, (C.S.O. No. 38), reported that the Grants-in-Aid this year are in excess of the sum voted for the purpose. I trust, however, that His Excellency the Governor, on considering the circumstances of the present year, will not object to making provision for this further sum; and I shall be glad if the Warrant for payment is issued in time to enable me to pay the Masters on the 1st proximo, before they go home for their New Year holidays.\n\nI have the honour to be, \nSir, \nYour most obedient Servant, \nFREDERICK STEWART, \nInspector of Schools.\n\nThe Honourable J. GARDINER AUSTIN, C.M.G., \nColonial Secretary, \n&c., \n&c., \n&c.\n\n## No. 30. GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\nThe following letter from His Grace the Duke of BUCKINGHAM AND CHANDOS, dated Government House, Madras, 11th January, 1878, is published for general information.\n\nBy Command, \nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 15th February, 1878.\n\nJ. GARDINER AUSTIN, \nColonial Secretary.\n\n### Minute by His Excellency the Governor.\n\nI have already sanctioned the extra payments in accordance with Mr. STEWART's recommendation, subject to the approval of the Legislative Council.\n\nOn visiting some of these Village Schools, I found the Schoolmasters could not speak a word of English, and as far as I could ascertain, none of the pupils had any knowledge of English.\n\nPossibly, in some of the Government Schools I have not yet been able to visit, there may be instruction in English; I should therefore be glad if Mr. STEWART would make out a list of the Schoolmasters of the Village Schools, marking in each case, those who can teach English, and those who cannot. Also the total number of pupils in each Village School, and the number in each that can speak English.\n\nJ. POPE HENNESSY, \n29th January, 1878.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-181 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [1-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 302508, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]", "page_number": 31, "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]", "content_text": "40 \n\nsought by Catholics in cases of death, etc. should be refused on the ground of persons having availed themselves of non-sectarian education. He begged to oppose the grant. (*Mail*) Another Honorable Member said “It might be well to ascertain whether the Bishop or the Priests had anything to say by way of excuse.\" (*Mail*) He had heard of their refusing the sacraments to those who attended the Central School. He thought it advisable to postpone the vote.\" A correspondence appeared in the Hongkong Times on the 20th of the same month signed \"A Roman Catholic Layman,\" of which we take the following extracts. \n\nTurning to the speech of the Hon. Mr.—with the very greatest possible respect I must say I think he has spoken a little hastily. Quoting your report he says, speaking of the application, \"It is a purpose for which I think public money should not be given.\" The Hon. gentleman is perfectly aware that in the rank and file of the British Army, and among the Officers and Men of the Royal Navy, there is a goodly number of Roman Catholics, who, by sea and by land, side by side with their comrades of other religions, help to maintain the honour of the British flag. Their priests when serving as Army Chaplains upon the staff of their respective regiments or otherwise, are accorded the same rank as Protestant chaplains according to their respective terms of service, and upon the home station the Imperial Government provides the means of Roman Catholic worship for soldiers of that Religion. Shall it be said, that when removed to a far distant land the duty of providing church accommodation must be entirely borne by their co-religionists? To my mind it is clearly the duty of the Government to provide a church for their Irish and English Catholic soldiers, and I do not think they could do it as cheaply, in another way, as by uniting with the funds already in hand the amount asked for by our Right Revd. Bishop. Of course we, the English and Irish portion of the Catholic community here, require a church; but one by a third of the size of St. Joseph's would accommodate us, since we are but few in number. It is quite certain that if sufficient church accommodation already existed it would be placed at the service of the Roman Catholic part of the forces stationed here; since there is not, it is but fair to apply to the Government for aid in the way we have done. And supposing everything to be true that has been said about the opposition of the Clergy in another direction, I cannot see how this can possibly affect the question \n\n41 \n\nof the grant, which is not applied for as an aid for the English and Irish Roman Catholic civilians but a discharge of legislative duty to the Roman Catholics, military and marine. The Home Government, I am persuaded, looks upon it in this light, since as His Excellency says, \"Whatever sum the Council agrees to vote will be sanctioned by the Secretary of State.\" \n\nThe Hon. member has imported a question which seems to me quite foreign to the matter, viz., education. However, since it has been raised and the Hon. Mr.—seems to think some explanations are due from \"the Roman Catholics\"—there seems to be no honourable alternative but to show cause for the alleged conduct of our Right Rev. Bishop and Clergy—First I take objection to the uncalled for invective of the Hon. Mr—who denounces the action of the Roman Catholic Church as a system of ecclesiastical tyranny.\" The foundation of the Unity of the Catholic Church is based upon obedience—and to stigmatize as the tyranny of the Priests that which is the universal teaching of the Church is to display a very superficial knowledge of what is taking place all over the world; for, in every part of the world, the Roman Catholic Church through her Bishops and Priests is teaching the same principle as is taught by the Clergy of Hongkong, who, alike with the spiritual flocks entrusted to their charge are bound to inviolable obedience to their Supreme Head. To justify the charge of \"ecclesiastical tyranny\" it would be necessary for the Hon. Member to prove that the majority of Roman Catholics, both here and elsewhere, are groaning under a burden against which their better sense rebelled. But this is far from being the case, for all Catholics yield a willing obedience to the teaching voice of the Church: I say all, because, in comparison with the few rebellious ones, who are willing to barter their birthright, the Faith, for a mere \"mess of pottage,\" secular instruction, the majority of the willing ones is overwhelming! The correspondent proceeds to explain the practice of the Roman Catholic Church with the parents who against its prescription send their children to schools, which are not carried on upon Catholic principles and then he continues --- \n\n\"But apart from this the religious aspect of the question, let us take a common sense view of the case. Does not every society or corporation reserve to itself, either in its corporate or executive capacity, the right to expel or cut off from its benefits recalcitrant or non-conforming members?", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 302514, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]", "page_number": 37, "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]", "content_text": "## TABLE II\nWas secular education adopted in hostility to Denominational Schools?\n\n| Year | |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1866 | The Central School was no longer exclusively confined to the Chinese. |\n| 1867 | Christian and secular education, says Mr. Stewart, must for the present be accepted as two distinct fields of operation in Hongkong; the Missionaries will have their choice, the Government its choice. At the Central School H. E. Sir Richard MacDonnell says: he would be glad to see the Government School made sufficiently attractive to draw in the children of Portuguese and Hindoos. (Sir Richard MacDonnell in the precedent year at St. Saviour's College, after having highly praised the Roman Catholic Schools, said that when he first arrived he learned that European children were not received at the Central School. He took immediate steps to abrogate such a rule.) |\n| 1872 | Sir Richard MacDonnell is glad to see at the Central School some Japanese, Portuguese, and boys of other nationalities besides Chinese.... Sir Arthur Kennedy said that if a Meeting took place at the City Hall, 30 persons attended it. He had no earthly sympathy with sectarianism; Mr. Stewart supported secular education, Mr. Francis religious education. On being asked by Mr. Francis how he taught history, Mr. Stewart answered he wanted only to defend himself. The translation of English books into Chinese is to render the teaching in Chinese School sufficiently undenominational to fairly come under the term secular...... In the grant-in-aid system are prescribed four hours of continued secular education. |\n| 1875 | Morrison Scholarship to the Central School. Dr. Eitel and J. Lamont, Trustees, objected to the exclusion of Christian instruction from the course prescribed; it was finally agreed that in view of the present purely secular character of the School, the religious part of the course should be kept in abeyance until such time as the regulations admitted of its being made a part of the system. |\n| | Page 11: Correspondence in the `China Mail` about Morrison Scholarships. \"The money given for Protestant teaching has been hurriedly applied to pagan teaching to avoid the imminent risk of a legal decision in favour of St. Paul's College.\". Page 16: The Editor of the `China Mail` has no hope that undenominational instruction will lead to any result such as the education of Catholic children...... Page 21: Correspondence in the `China Mail`, “how suicidal must be the educational policy, which in the vain hope of securing the approbation of the Romanists treats Christianity as if it were of less importance than Arithmetic or Geography.\"...... |\n| | Page 26: Meeting of the Legislative Council, a Member opposes the grant towards rebuilding St. Joseph's Church, because he understood that the Priests of the Catholic religion here were opposed to the unsectarian education provided for children in the Colony. Page 28: A correspondent in the `Hongkong Times` confutes the assertions made by the Member at the Legislative Council. The grant proposed has nothing to do with the education question. The Priests here do what the Roman Catholic Church prescribes and what every secular and commercial corporation claims to........ Page 31: [No text] Page 35: [No text] Page 36: [No text] Page 37: [No text] |\n| 1876 | Sir Arthur Kennedy at the Central School: The only thing he should be sorry to see there would be that the School should be deserted by Europeans. Page 39: A correspondent in the `Hongkong Times` asks the reason why they are so troubled for a few boys turning their back on that School, seeking elsewhere that which is denied there viz.: a religious education. Page 42, 43: [No additional text] |\n\nPage 33", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 302519, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]", "page_number": 40, "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]", "content_text": "## K.\n\n\"cud ete toteque 56 'Christian published on 12th March, 1866, he announced that he had done away with all Bible reading and teaching in the Central School, or, to put it as he afterwards explained in one of his reports, it had \"not been abolished, but only allowed to fall off.\" In the same report, that for 1868, Mr. STEWART says \"and secular education must for the present be accepted as to two distinct fields of operation in Hong-kong; the Missionary will make his choice, the Government its choice.\" The reason he assigns for the adoption by the Government of the secular field, is \"the great repugnance which the Chinese mind has to religious instruction.\" The reason here assigned is not the true one and Mr. STEWART himself has admitted in another place that it is at best but half the truth.\n\nNow, whatever the reason for the change, here is a distinct avowal that the Government Schools were not what they had been, but had become and were to remain purely secular.\n\nIf the Central School had continued, after this declaration, to be as originally designed, a school for Chinese and for Chinese only, Roman Catholics, however they might regret the change, would have had nothing to complain of. We have always admitted that the Government was in a difficult position as regards the vast and rapidly increasing Chinese population, that their children must be taught somehow, that Government alone could provide adequate school accommodation and that such schools must be non-proselytising. But in 1866 the Central School was thrown open to Europeans of all classes and denominations. Mr. STEWART has said that this was done against his wish and in opposition to his opinion and advice. Be that as it may, in his report for the year 1866 he expresses his pleasure that the School was no longer to be confined exclusively to the Chinese, and goes on to say that he expects a large number of Scholars, not Chinese, to join at once. In this he was disappointed, for it was not, I believe, until 1869 that any number of Pupils of the new categories availed themselves of the permission accorded them.\n\nThe resolution to open the Central School to the world was the work of Sir RICHARD MCDONNELL. It at once brought the Government Schools into direct conflict with the Roman Catholic Schools, and Sir RICHARD MCDONNELL emphasized this by openly inviting the Portuguese Catholic boys frequenting our schools to go to the Central Schools. He did this at a public distribution of prizes at our principal school, St. Saviour's, on the 22nd December 1866, when he presided. In the following month of January (1867) he said publicly, at the Central School that he would be glad to see the Government Schools made sufficiently attractive to draw the children of \"the Portuguese and Hindoos\" and since that date, the educational policy of the Government has been to make the Central School as attractive as possible to the Portuguese Catholics and to establish an opposition to the Roman Catholic Schools. To attain this end the original design of the school has been set aside and with hundreds of Chinese children begging for admission and with thousands wandering about the Colony in utter ignorance, place has been made for European children, for whom other sufficient provision existed and thousands of dollars have been uselessly expended.\n\nIf, in 1866, when Sir RICHARD MCDONNELL arrived here, he had found the Catholic children uneducated and without the means of getting an education and he had then thrown open the Central School for their benefit, he would have done well and we would have had only ourselves to blame. But our schools had then been open and in operation for between six and seven years, and were increasing in number and improving in quality every year. From 1867 forward there was ample accommodation in our schools for children of all the Catholic children in the Colony, for the boys at St. Saviour's, for the girls and both sexes at the Convents. We had also schools for Chinese and a Reformatory or Industrial school with forty-two inmates. The education given at St. Saviour's was of a superior grade, fitting boys for a commercial life, and it was to all intents and purposes free. No boy was ever refused admittance because his parents were too poor to pay the school fees. Not only were our schools sufficient for the needs of the Catholics of the Colony, but we were able to take in and educate children from the Spanish Colony at Manila, and children of non-Catholic parents. Mr. MERCER, then Acting Governor, examined St. Saviour's School in 1865 and distributed the prizes. Sir RICHARD MCDONNELL was present in 1866 and again in 1867 and gave us the highest praise, especially for what had been done in our schools towards the instruction in Chinese of boys of other nationalities. \"To the Roman Catholic Missionaries chiefly,\" said he in 1866 \"do we owe any earnest efforts to provide an adequate body of future interpreters of European parentage.\" In 1867 he said that \"although there was no more strenuous supporter than himself of the Protestant Church, still he must confess that in this Colony, the efforts of the Roman Catholic brethren far outstripped and were in excess of those of all other denominations,\" and he thanked Father RAIMONDI and those connected with him for the results they had so successfully accomplished. He was speaking at our school examination and of our schools.\n\nOur report for 1867 showed that out of 121 Portuguese boys over seven years old in the Colony, 115 were being educated in our schools. There was abundant room for the other six, and as for the girls and infants they were even more liberally provided for in the Convent schools.\n\nIn 1872 Sir ARTHUR KENNEDY distributed the prizes at St. Saviour's and in the course of his speech on the occasion, he remarked that the educational requirements of the many nationalities belonging to Father RAIMONDI's Church were, he believed, fully supplied by that school.\n\nFrom year to year our schools have gone on increasing in numbers and efficiency and we have spared no pains to render them fully adequate to the needs of our people. It has never been questioned that they were and are efficient and sufficient. No reason therefore can be assigned for Sir RICHARD MCDONNELL's desire to render the Central School attractive to the Portuguese, but hostility to religious education and a strong bias in favour of secularism. There has been no justification for it, when numbers of Chinese were seeking admission and could not be taken in for want of room, but the desire on the part of the two or three gentlemen, who inspired the educational policy of the Government, to emancipate the Catholic youth from the influences of their religion. It is useless to say that the Central School was thrown open for the benefit of non-Catholic children other than Chinese. In 1866 when the opening of the Central School to the public was first spoken of, there were hardly any non-Catholic children in the Colony of European or Indian parentage of an age to go to school. The number has considerably increased since, it is true, but they would have been fully provided for by the other denominations or by private enterprise, but for the competition of the Central School.\n\nSir RICHARD MCDONNELL made the Government Schools secular and set them in open opposition to the denomination schools. No expense was spared to make the Central School draw, and of course it had some success. Catholic parents who sent their children to the Central School in opposition to the dictates of their conscience were openly complimented by government officials on their \"independence.\" Their children had the best chance of Government employment. Mr. STEWART was a Government servant and his recommendation was far more valuable than that of any poor priest. Government threw its whole weight into the scale in favour of the secularists and nearly the whole of the monies voted for educational purposes went to the secular Central School. What was spent on the Village Schools was but a small part of the whole sum voted. The denomination schools got nothing.\n\nSir ARTHUR KENNEDY followed in the footsteps of Sir RICHARD MCDONNELL and pronounced for the secularists and against any religious teaching in schools. At a public meeting called, I believe, in April 1872, to consider the question of providing a middle class school for the non-Chinese portion of the population, Sir ARTHUR presided and his speech declared himself opposed to anything in the shape of a denomination school. If there was to be a new school, it ought, in his opinion, to be a secular school. He had no earthly sympathy, he said, with Sectarianism. Mr. STEWART also spoke in favour of secularism and, while denying that the Central School was atheistic, admitted that the education given there was unchristian. The proposed middle class School was never opened, but the Central School as a school open to Europeans of all denominations got fresh impetus and additional support.\n\nA little later, I found it necessary in the performance of my duty to warn the members of my flock that they were violating the rules of the Society to which they belonged in sending their children to a secular school, that no Catholic father or mother could, with a safe conscience before God, commit their children to the teaching of a school where the Catholic religion could not be learned. An Honorable Member of the Legislative Council opposed a grant of a small sum of money for the rebuilding of the soldiers' Church blown away in a typhoon, on the ground that I was attempting to exercise a tyrannical power that ought to be put a stop to.\n\nIn 1873, denominational schools other than Roman Catholic, having increased considerably in number and importance, a grant-in-aid scheme was engrafted on the educational policy of the Government, but that policy did not cease to be intensely secular, and the grant-in-aid scheme was framed in accordance with the views of the secularists.\n\nIt stipulated for four hours \"secular\" instruction on 200 days in each year; no religious instruction to be given within those four hours and it was so worded that the Inspector of Schools, whoever he might be, had very large powers of interference with the discipline and teaching in each school, and had in his own hands the means of enforcing his authority by recommending a diminution of the grant wherever the management did not please him. The amounts to be paid under this scheme, were, however, so insignificant that while the Government was spending at the rate of from $20 to 30 a head on the pupils in the Central School, it contributed about $2.00 a head on the average towards the expenses of the denominational schools,\n\nWe gave it a trial for one year, but found it to work very unsatisfactorily. The changes we would have had to make in our system of teaching, if we were to continue under it, were so considerable and so utterly useless as affecting the results that it was not worth while to make them for the purpose of gaining so small a contribution towards our expenses. We found too that our acceptance of the grant-in-aid scheme was held to denote our acceptance of the whole of the Government policy on the education question. This we could not tolerate for a moment. We therefore withdrew our schools from the operation of the grant-in-aid scheme.\n\nAs that scheme has been recently amended, the money grants obtainable under it have become much more valuable and we would gladly come in under it, if we can do so without sacrificing our principles, but the system of secular education is still so powerfully supported by Government money and Government patronage as to render it impossible for us to compete with it. Government is now about to spend some sixty or eighty thousand Dollars in the construction of new and spacious school buildings and in...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 302523, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]", "page_number": 44, "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]", "content_text": "1 \n\n3 \n\n1 \n\n(on 2925) we and further in despatch 25 Fold the Governor that we wished to have his plans laid at the present time.\n\nin order that I Stewart might be consulted.\n\nI think M. S. should be especially asked as to these outlying free schools; they appear to be ragged schools for the beggars, and if so there should be so much zeal in teaching. It is the middle classes in them who attend & pay fees to the Central School, who are the sort of people to learn English.\n\n10 This despatch in general aims at showing the bad effect of the Secular system of Education; and in this respect it is supplemented by `13526/72`, the P.C. Bishop's protest against this system, which encloses the Canon's letter. Bishop Raimondi says from conscientious scruples he cannot accept grants in aid as now given. He is bitter against the Central School because it attracts pupils.\n\nSomething similar is said by M. Hennessy in this despatch where he talks of the government's effort in supporting voluntary middle-class Schools. He also says the Governor and others (Protestant) concur in thinking that the expenditure on the Central School has an injurious effect; at any rate, the only one who sends his children home is in the Roman Catholic section; and it will be seen from `4512` that when Messrs Hutchinson and Reitzke presented an address to Sir R. Kennedy on the subject, they did not say a word against the grants in aid, and said much in favour of Education.\n\nM. Hennessy says the Central School System meets with dissatisfaction from the majority of Europeans, which is shared on other grounds by the Chinese. What the grounds are he does not state. The remedy he gives is the Introduction of Denominational Education supported by government grants in aid.\n\nI believe M. Stewart will be able to reply to this despatch clearly, but I suppose it will be sufficient when replying to `13526` to state that sufficient proofs have not been brought against the disadvantage of secular education, which in a mixed colony naturally seems...\n\n1 \n\nFor most, the support in...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 302776, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]", "page_number": 298, "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]", "content_text": "With sentiment and respect, \nevery \nI beg to remain, \nYour Excellency's humble servant, \n(signed) A. B. Hutchinson.\n\nTo the Editor of the \"CHINA MAIL,\" Hongkong, Jan. 24, 1878.\n\nSIR—I must leave \"J. C. E.\" and \"Anglican\" to settle Home Education to their mutual satisfaction. The question in which we are concerned is Education in Hongkong. Viewed practically, this resolves itself into four distinct and separate questions. Confuse these and the solution of all is rendered impossible.\n\nWe have 1st, the question of education for Roman Catholics. \n2nd, Education for Protestant and English-speaking children. \n3rd, Elementary education of heathen children generally. \nAnd 4th, the education of those Chinese children whose parents desire for them a knowledge of English and Western science as given in the Central School.\n\nPermit me to say a few words showing how this entire subject might be handled in a practical way so as to meet the views and wishes of all parties, and settle the controversy and difficulty for years to come.\n\n1st, the Roman Catholics. These have certainly done their best for themselves during the past 20 years, as is shown clearly in the recent pamphlet \"Dates and Events.\" Their efforts deserve recognition. Their objections to the Government School are founded on principles of justice and equity. Their objection to the Grant-in-aid scheme, as it now stands, equally deserves consideration. Bishop Raimondi is perfectly justified, in the administration of his office, in anathematizing Romanists who send their children to a secular school, or to any but a Romish school. If Romish schools give a good secular education, the Government, on its own principles, is bound to assist them. The due measure of assistance to be given may be estimated by what is to be done for the secular school.\n\nSuppose the Romanist establishments to be closed, a duty would be imposed on the Government from which it could not escape of providing education for say 600 European children at what cost may be gathered from the returns of the Central School. This is not asked for, nor would it be accepted by the Romanists. Let them then prepare plans for buildings now requisite for schools, and let the Government provide such buildings with all due regard to economy in the erection of the same. Towards the support of the schools in future, let the grant-in-aid scheme be applied for secular results only, but let that scheme, admirably adapted as it is to Chinese schools, be properly adjusted to meet the requirements of European schools. If 200 daily attendances cannot be attained from Portuguese and European children generally, let that standard be reduced for all European schools. Let the values of passes be raised for schools giving a European education to Europeans to a just and equitable rate that shall really be a grant in aid towards the very heavy expenses connected with European teachers. If four hours are the extreme limit safely to be applied to the average of European children here as hours of study daily, and parents demand that some part of that time shall be spent in acquiring definite religious knowledge, let the limit be reduced to 3 or 3½ hours consecutive secular instruction.\n\nThese remarks as to attendances, values of passes, and hours of instruction apply equally to the next question.\n\n2nd. Education for Protestant and English-speaking children generally.\n\nThis has been so well handled by the Government Inspector of Schools in his annual reports, specially for 1870, that I need not repeat his words. I can only say that such a school is demanded now more than ever. The experiment of mixed schools for Asiatics and Europeans is not acceptable to parents generally. Mr. Stewart's recommendations, founded on ripe experience, deserve an attention from the Executive which they have never yet received.\n\nThe Government might indeed fairly give both site and building for such a school as he recommends and retain the supervision of it through a responsible official, so as to secure its permanency, amidst constant changes amongst those whose children would profit by it, whilst a fair scale of fees combined with annual grants, depending upon the results of examination as before said, would go far towards making the school self-supporting. Guarded by a conscience clause, there would be nothing in such a school to offend the most fastidious, whilst if thought desirable, children from the Coast ports might be eligible as boarders.\n\n3rd, as to elementary education for Chinese generally in this island, if Government be bound to educate, there remains the problem of fourteen thousand children in Hongkong not yet provided for. These need vernacular elementary schools. It is obvious that the efforts of the Missions now at work will be first devoted to the great centres where children are easily to be met with and in sufficient numbers to make a school largely self-supporting by the aid of the Government grant. If education is to be made compulsory in this island, sites and buildings must be provided by Government for schools. These the Missions can work as effectively and far more cheaply than the Government. This is shown first by the impartial reports of the talented Government examiner, and next by the consideration that European inspection and management is provided gratis by Missions carrying on such schools. Let Government prepare annually to extend the number of available buildings so as to provide schools near the children to be educated, and the Missions will be ready to undertake the management and support of them under the grant-in-aid system. Thus the problem will be grappled with in the most effective and the most economical manner. Not one or two European Inspectors could efficiently supervise the education of fourteen thousand children where Chinese masters have to be overlooked. This difficulty ought to be met at once, for it increases with years, and even the Mission Societies could not meet it in a moment—successful schools must be established by degrees.\n\n4th, in the fourth place, remains the Central School problem.\n\nThere a difficulty seems to have been unnecessarily created as to the simple giving of secular, to the exclusion of Christian instruction. We are told \"the Bible is no class book,\" whereas who does not know that it is the oldest class book in the world, the great primer for the schools of Palestine before ever the educational schemes of China were established. If individual Chinese teachers did seek to cast opprobrium on it in days gone by in the Central School, that is no reason why it should not be taught by the English masters to the English-speaking classes, whilst the misuse of a book by a heathen teacher is hardly rectified in the most sapient manner by the ejection of the book. That is a confession of defeat which might be obviated in another way.\n\nThat the teaching of Christianity in a fair way, as is practised in the present grant-in-aid schools, is no obstacle to the successful teaching of the Chinese, is proved by the numbers of heathen voluntarily attending those schools. If they will come to learn their own language and submit to be taught, and actually learn, as they do, a surprising amount of Christian knowledge—it is certain that the teaching of the same in the Central School would not keep them away from that English knowledge...\n\nPage 240", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 305429, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]", "page_number": 170, "title": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]", "content_text": "The Daily Press.\n\n# HONGKONG, DECEMBER 6TH, 1879.\n\nThe most notable feature in the speech of His Excellency at the meeting on Thursday of the friends and supporters of the proposed Public School for Hongkong was the announcement that the Secretary of State for the Colonies had instructed him to strike out the words \"elementary\" and \"secular\" from the grant-in-aid scheme. Although there are objections to be urged against the support by the State of any religious teaching in schools, yet in a Colony constituted as this is, where there is considerable difficulty in providing for the proper instruction of the young, few will be found to take serious objection to the change. At the same time we have never been able to sympathise with the objections of our Roman Catholic friends to availing themselves of the grant on the terms of the old scheme, which provided there should be a certain number of hours' secular teaching, leaving it open to the conductors of schools to impart what religious teaching they chose before and after those hours. The alteration will enable them to mingle the religious with the secular teaching, and thus practically the State will contribute to both. Many people believe that home is the best place for a child to learn religion; many more think it just as well that he should take it with his spelling and arithmetic; but all will agree that education either with or without religious teaching is better than none at all. We hope that here we shall have no further religious difficulty. Let those who wish religion taught in the school support such schools; in a Government institution like the Central School, however, no doctrine should be taught. This is the principle that has been acted upon at that institution for many years to the advantage of all parties, thereby securing general harmony, and we trust that it will continue to be the rule. At the Protestant school it is intended that religious instruction shall be given, and thus those parents who desire their children shall have such training will be afforded the desired opportunity.\n\nNow that it has been resolved that a Public School for Protestant children is to be established, we trust that care will be taken to render it an efficient one. It cannot be too plainly understood that something better than a school of the national type in England is required. From the remarks of his Lordship the Bishop in reply to Dr. EITEL, there would appear to be some doubt as to the quality of education that will be given in the establishment. While fully aware that the bulk of the children here who go to school are too young to receive any but the most elementary training, there are others who are quite old enough to commence the study of Latin and the modern languages. Their number will, moreover, increase with every year. The fact that such instruction is likely to add to the cost of maintaining the school should not be allowed to be a bar to its being given. Many parents who might not be able to afford to send their children to Europe to be educated, would yet be able to pay moderate fees to a school in Hongkong, and would like their children to receive a similar education to that given in middle-class schools at home. The Christian Brothers impart to the boys at St. Joseph's College a good education in all branches of knowledge, and the Protestant School should be in no way behind it. The object of the new school ought not to be merely to teach the three R's and the catechism, because most of the children could learn these at a dame's school. Of course for most of the pupils it must be a preparatory school, but for some it will probably be a finishing school also. For the latter, therefore, we trust that the means of attaining at least a rudimentary knowledge of the classics and a mastery of one or two modern languages will be provided. These acquirements might very well be charged for as extras, and very few parents would grudge paying for them as such. The importance of good education cannot be over-estimated, and in these days, when its elementary forms are being so universally imparted to the rising race, parents are deeply desirous that their children should commence the battle of life with all the advantages obtainable. No doubt, however, the newly formed Committee will see the necessity of making provision for a higher education for the older pupils, and thus make the school suitable for the complete education of boys who have grown up in the Colony.\n\nPage 167", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 305442, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]", "page_number": 183, "title": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]", "content_text": "## 180\n\nI \n\nLiterature. If we have a number of pupils here who understand English thoroughly, these young men growing up as British subjects will certainly be as much entitled as any persons in this community to take a part in our public affairs and to attain to any position as mercantile men or as officials that any citizen of Hongkong can aspire to.\n\nOf course you are all aware that the number of British subjects in this Colony is now limited to those who have been born under the British flag. This Colony, unlike other Colonies of Her Majesty's empire, has no naturalisation Ordinance, but it has been represented to me by some of the fathers of these boys, that is, by some of the leading Portuguese, and by others in Hongkong, that it would be desirable to have a naturalisation Ordinance. Their views have been laid by me before Her Majesty's Government; and, in a few months perhaps I shall be able to say whether or not it will be possible for them to become naturalised British subjects. It was, indeed, in this school, two years ago, that the idea of reviving our Volunteer movement was first adverted to, and I now see present a good many gentlemen connected with that movement, one of them an English gentleman, Mr. Justice **FRANCIS**, who has always been interested in this school and who was recommended to me for a Captain's Commission by the suffrages of his brother Volunteers. No doubt there are some here who cannot yet take part in the movement, whatever interest they may feel in the Colony, because they are not British subjects, but I am sure they share with their children and friends loyalty to the Crown.\n\nI congratulate the Christian Brothers on the success of this their first examination under the grant-in-aid scheme. With the exception of what I have mentioned about English Composition, the report of the Examiner has been most satisfactory. I have no doubt that, next year when I may have the pleasure of distributing prizes here, I shall be able to notice an improvement in that important branch of education.\n\nThis is now, I think, the third or fourth time within the last two or three months that it has fallen to my lot to say a few words at schools or in connection with schools in this Colony. Not long since, an Honourable friend of mine who is present (the Honourable P. **RYRIE**), Dr. **ERTEL**, myself, and others assembled at St. Paul's College to assist in inaugurating a high-class Church of England and Protestant school which will be principally for European boys. That school, I am happy to say, has been well opened, and it will prove, I believe, a success. Last week I had the satisfaction of presiding at the distribution of prizes at the Central School; and it was only a day or two ago that, accompanied by my friend Dr. **ERTEL**, I met twenty-six teachers of our other Government schools, when prizes were given to the children of twenty-nine schools, and rewards to the most efficient teachers. On that occasion I found the interesting fact that in one native school where the Government allowed it to be optional whether the boys should learn English or Chinese, they all being Chinese, out of about sixty-one attending the school it ultimately turned out that in the cases of sixty, the parents elected that the boys should learn nothing but English. They thought that as far as Chinese went, their children would learn enough of it at home, and they felt the great object of sending their boys to a Government School was to have them learn English. I had much pleasure in examining some of those boys. I found them able to speak English pretty well; they were evidently making steady progress. Therefore, ladies and gentlemen, the state of education in the Colony is briefly this, that Her Majesty's Government have sanctioned a modification of the grant-in-aid scheme under which all classes and all denominations can now obtain the benefit of it.\n\nAll classes have now come under it. The chief education difficulty that I found existing here on my arrival has been set at rest by Sir **MICHAEL HICKS-BEACH**'s wise decision. What seemed to me to be another grave defect in the Government scheme of public instructions in Hongkong - too much Chinese teaching and too little English teaching - is being gradually removed. I believe the scheme as it is now worked is a popular and useful scheme and will, in time to come, give a sound English education to the youth of this Colony.--(Applause.)\n\nAnother address, thanking His Excellency and the visitors for the interest they evinced in the school, was then read by Master G. **JORGE**.\n\nMr. **BELILIOS** then said - Your Excellency and your Lordship, - I am highly gratified and I feel greatly obliged to you for the encomiums you have thought fit to bestow upon me, but I think I scarcely deserve or merit them, as in my belief I have done nothing more than what any citizen is in duty bound to do for his fellow-inhabitants. I can only hope that men of means and capacious hearts will come forward to back up the little beginning I have made by helping to augment my little contribution and thus create material support for advancement of learning in the Colony-(Applause.) Ladies and gentlemen, when I came here to-day I hardly expected that I should be called upon to address you on the subject now before us. The praise lavished on me has compelled me to speak, and I cannot allow this opportunity to pass without stating a few facts connected with the advantages this institution has conferred on the community. I landed in the island in the year 1862. The firm with whom I stayed for a short time had preceded me by a few months. On their way to China they were told there was a dearth of clerks here, and they therefore thought it prudent to bring along a Portuguese assistant with them from Singapore. This gentleman left the house after the lapse of a few months, thus constraining the firm in question to again import another young man from Penang. When I commenced business operations on my own account I engaged a Portuguese clerk at $75 per month. This young man was a copyist, a mere drawer of figures and letters. He was more a nuisance than a help to me. In the busiest of times, whenever it was found necessary to put a few words of English together, he would come to me and ask me to draft them out for him. He did nothing but some landing and shipping for me. Of course the older houses had their staff of Englishmen from Oxford and Cambridge, drawing large salaries, but the minor ones had to content themselves by having an hour or two of attendance from two old gentlemen who made a living by going about distributing their leisure hours at their disposal on several small houses here. Times have altered now, and competent young men may be found who are prepared to occupy berths at small salaries, consequently almost every merchant's establishment and every store can boast of a clerk. I have a staff of Portuguese clerks, and I am very much pleased with them. They are steady, attentive, and painstaking, and I suppose I cannot replace them by a set of better men. To whom is all this due? I maintain it is owing to the exertions of the Christian Brothers and to the existence of the St. Joseph's College. The older firms are commencing to employ them and they are finding situations in banks. I have no doubt that the time is not far distant when it will be found necessary to employ them generally. In landing this place of learning I do not mean to detract one single iota from the importance of the sister institution, the Central School. On the contrary, I contend that if this has done much, the other is destined to do still more for the island. This school deals with a section of the community, whilst the other deals with the mass of the population. I dare say the time will come, when a staff of Portuguese clerks and a European at their head, and, later on, a staff of Chinese clerks and a Portuguese at their head, will be capable of conducting large business establishments satisfactorily. When commerce and trade fail to afford large profits, it becomes imperative to retrench expenditure. In the principal cities of India, if you were to walk into large establishments you will see nothing but swarthy faces and turbaned heads hard at work, with perhaps one Englishman or one Eurasian to direct them. On inquiry as to salaries, you will be told that they range in rupees between the equivalents of ten to a hundred dollars. Education has done this for Indian, and education is certain to do the same for China. Men of business in future will have to be grateful to the managers of these two institutions for the benefits they will then enjoy. -(Applause)\n\nThe National Anthem was then played and the proceedings terminated.\n\n## GOVERNMENT CENTRAL SCHOOL\n\nThe following is the list of the prizes referred to in the last Government Gazette as having been distributed by His Excellency the Governor on the 30th of January, 1880:\n\n| NAME | PRIZE | DONOR |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Lau Ho | Morrison Scholarship | Morrison Trustees |\n| **SPECIAL PRIZES** | | |\n| Best Scholar | | Mr. Jackson |\n| Translation | | Hon. J. Russell |\n| Composition | Watch | |\n| Ho Tsik Shin | Watch | |\n| W. Wilson | Watch | |\n| Chemistry | Gold Pencil Case | Head Master |\n| J. Tanabo | | |\n| **ORDINARY PRIZES** | | |\n| 1st Class | | |\n| Sin Hon | Watch | Mr. Kwok Acheong |\n| Ho Tuk | Silver Pencil Case | Mr. Arthur |\n| B. Yasubeiro | Silver Pencil Case | |\n| 2nd Class | | |\n| Wat Pat Tai | Watch | |\n| Chan Shan | Silver Pencil Case | |\n| M. Alarakia | Dictionary | |\n| 3rd Class | | |\n| Wan Kit Sz | Watch | |\n| Chan U Kwan | Silver Pencil Case | |\n| F. X. Jesus | Dictionary | |\n| 4th Class | | |\n| Chan Un Fan | Watch | Mr. May |\n| Pang ShanChun | Silver Pencil Case | |\n| Lau Kwai | Dictionary | |\n| 5th Class | | |\n| Li Ip | Watch | |\n| Lo Tso Yua | Silver Pencil Case | |\n| 6th Class | | |\n| So Wai | Watch | |\n| Leung Man Kwong | Dictionary | |\n| 7th Class | | |\n| Li Tsun Fan | Watch | |\n| Cheng Y. Kwai | Dictionary | |\n| 8th Class | | |\n| Chan Wing Kin | Watch | |\n| Ko Taim Un | Dictionary | |\n| **PHILOSOPHY CLASS** | | |\n| 1st Division | | |\n| Yam Sik Lam | Watch | Mr. McKinney |\n| Cheng Yan Fat | Silver Pencil Case | |\n| 2nd Division | | |\n| Leung In Ting | Silver Pencil Case | Mr. Gerrard |\n| Sham Un Lan | Ivory Pencil Case | |\n| 3rd Division | | |\n| Yeung ShanTin | Ivory Pencil Case | |\n| Tsang UKwan | Ivory Pencil Case | |\n| **CHINESE CLASSES - FORTNIGHTLY EXAMINATIONS** | | |\n| 1st Class | | |\n| Lo Un Kok | Watch | Mr. Kwok Acheong |\n| Wong Kwok Fai | Dictionary | |\n| **ORDINARY PRIZES** | | |\n| 1st Class | | |\n| Tung Ku Ling | Watch | |\n| Lam Tat Chi | Dictionary | |\n| 2nd Class | | |\n| Yang Him | Watch | |\n| Leunig Shui Fan | Dictionary | |\n| 3rd Class | | |\n| TseSeung Hung | Silver Pencil Case | |\n| Ho Un In | Dictionary | |\n| 4th Class | | |\n| Tsang Wan | Silver Pencil Case | |\n| Fung Taung | Silver Pencil Case | |\n| 5th Class | | |\n| Cheung Un Kwong | Silver Pencil Case | Mr. Kwok Acheong |\n| S. Abram | Ivory Pencil Case | |\n| **CHINESE CLASS FOR EUROPEANS, &C.** | | |\n| 1st Division | | |\n| A. Ramjan | Watch | Mr. Nelson |\n| U. Ramjan | Dictionary | |\n| 2nd Division | | |\n| S. Mootian | Ivory Pencil Case | |\n| Abdool | Ivory Pencil Case | |\n| 3rd Division | | |\n| R. P. Remedios | Dictionary | |\n| H. Arthur | Ivory Pencil Case | Mr. May |", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 308372, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-192 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]", "page_number": 362, "title": "CO129-192 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]", "content_text": "Thông thong\n\nNo 22\n\n7th Mar\n\nGovernor\n\nMarch, 1881\n\nSir John Cope Hennessy, Komly.\n\nto\n\nThe Right Honourable\n\nThe Earl of Kimberley.\n\nReporting munificent contribution by Mr. Belilios to the Hongkong Public School\n\n2 Enclosures\n\nThe Daily Press.\n\nHONGKONG, MARCH 4TH, 1881.\n\nTHE communication from the Right Rev. the Bishop of VICTORIA, published in another column, will be read with general interest. The very handsome donation made by Mr. E. R. BELILIOS to the Hongkong Public School affords another proof of the warm interest that benevolent gentleman takes in the spread of education. It is less than eighteen months since he generously devoted the sum of one thousand pounds sterling to founding scholarships in connection with the Government Central School and St. Joseph's College, and he now comes to the relief of the Public School with a contribution of two thousand dollars to its funds. The institution in question is well worthy of support, and greatly needs it owing to the peculiar circumstances of the Colony. There are not sufficient boys of European descent and Protestant training to render the school self-supporting, but they are increasing, as the number of those residents who marry and settle down here for a long term of years grows larger year by year. The great difficulty, as the promoters have more than once pointed out, is to get the school once fairly floated. The aid received from Government is necessarily trifling, and it is desirable, we think, if possible, to avoid having any recourse to the Grant-in-Aid Scheme. The process of cramming boys in order that they may pass in certain specific standards has anything but a good effect in promoting their advancement. Money, however, from some source has to be obtained, if the school is to be continued. The fees from the pupils, of course, are inadequate for the purpose, and the Committee are therefore reluctantly driven to appeal to a liberal public. Many members of the community whose children are being educated at home at great expense, are loth to subscribe, but there are numbers who have no such strain upon their purses and are well able to contribute. Mr. BELILIOS has set a noble example by his liberal endowment, and if other wealthy residents would duly follow it the Public School would soon be placed upon a sound and permanent basis, and the Committee relieved of the yearly recurring financial difficulty which at present is so serious an anxiety. When, as will, we believe, in a few years become the case—provided, of course, that the institution is efficiently managed—the school becomes self-supporting, the money will be available for the purchase of prizes and the founding of scholarships. The designs of the donor (and we trust we may soon write donors) will thus be fulfilled by the improvement and encouragement of the scholars. The rising race of all nationalities in Hongkong will learn to esteem the name of BELILIOS as that of the most generous friend of education in the Colony, and we feel sure that he will by and bye reap a rich reward in witnessing the good effect of the encouragement held out by him to studious and hardworking youth. Who will emulate his munificence?\n\nPage 355\n\nTROV\n\n11/PR 31\n\nTHE CHINA MAIL.\n\nMARCH 3, 1881.\n\nCORRESPONDENCE.\n\n[We do not hold ourselves responsible for the opinions expressed by our Correspondents.]\n\nTHE HONGKONG PUBLIC SCHOOL.\n\nTO THE EDITOR OF THE “DAILY PRESS.\"\n\nSir,—Will you allow me the pleasure of announcing through you that E. R. Belilios, Esq. has intimated his intention to present the sum of two thousand dollars to the Public School of Hongkong, to be invested in the names of the Bishop and the Manager of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, the interest to be employed in support of the school so long as it needs support, and afterwards towards the purchase of prizes or the founding of scholarships. It is not the first time that Mr. Belilios has come forward to assist the educational work of Hongkong, and all interested in the Public School have cause to be truly grateful to him for this additional munificent gift.—Yours, &c.,\n\nJ. S. VICTORIA.\n\nSt. Paul's College, Hongkong, March 3, 1881", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-192 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 317800, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]", "page_number": 51, "title": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]", "content_text": "49 \n\nI only have gone their usual course as in previous years, and do not call for any special remark. \n\nIt is necessary to advert briefly to those Government schools, outside the Central School, which declined, the only way to remedy the existing state of attendances, as regards St. Joseph's both English and Chinese. Among these schools, the Government school at Stanley was satisfactory, as the number of boys, learning English there, gradually dwindled down, through various causes, till there were at the end of the year but 4 boys learning English in addition to Chinese. At the Shaukiwán Government school the state of affairs was hardly better. In both of these villages the people appear to prefer a purely Chinese education to the others studying Chinese only. At the Government school at Yaumáti things were comparatively more satisfactory. The number of boys studying English is very small. \n\nAt Wongnaichung the combined teaching of English and Chinese, both of which subjects are equally appreciated by the villagers, gave good results and out of 27 boys examined, 25 passed in 1 subject each, but none failed entirely. There were also 19 girls examined and all passed. The Anglo-Chinese school appears to be in a satisfactory condition. The best schools of this class are the two Anglo-Chinese Government schools at Saiyingp'ún and Wántsai. At Saiyingp'ún there is a native Master, educated at Howard University, Washington, U.S.A., teaching English, whilst the other Government school in the same building teaches only Chinese, so that those who wish to learn English in addition to Chinese have an opportunity of doing so. But few, however, avail themselves of it, and the majority devote the whole of each day to learning English only, having no opportunities to keep up their Chinese knowledge. At the Wantsai Government school we have two Masters, one an Indian, educated at the Government Central School, who teaches English, and a native Master teaching Chinese. Only very few of the boys in this school omit studying Chinese in addition to English. \n\nAmong these schools, the Victoria Schools are under the patronage of the Roman Catholic Mission, although these schools do not teach religion at all. This fact gives the Victoria Schools an advantage, as more time is given to secular instruction, and the systematic practice of the Victoria boys' school appears to produce a healthy emulation, of which St. Joseph's College deprives itself by the separation of Chinese from Portuguese scholars. Out of 104 scholars on the roll of the Victoria Schools, only 46 could be examined. The difficulty in Shaukiwán is further complicated by the fact that some of the boat-people and villagers there speak different dialects, such as Hakka, Punti, and others, whilst no teacher can be found able to teach in any two of these dialects. \n\n## Grant-in-Aid Schools\n\n17. As regards the Grant-in-Aid schools, the same details as those which I have given with reference to the Central School, will be found collected in the tables accompanying this report. \n\n18. None of the Grant-in-Aid schools has been placed in that highest class of schools for which the Grant-in-Aid Scheme has made provision in Rule No. 20, viz., Class V, for \"schools in which a European education is given in any European language with Chinese in addition.\" The Government Central School is almost the only school of this class in the Colony. But in Class IV of the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, viz., for \"schools in which a European education is given in any European language,\" there are Grant-in-Aid schools, 6 of which use the English language, and 3 use the Portuguese language as the medium of education. Those of these schools which teach English may be divided into Roman Catholic and Protestant schools. Those which use the Portuguese language are exclusively Roman Catholic.\n\n## Roman Catholic Schools\n\n19. As regards those Roman Catholic Schools which teach English, I have to refer in the first instance to St. Joseph's College, under the charge of the Christian Brothers. This institution is a day school, and although it gives also Chinese teaching, in addition to English which is the language of the school, it does not submit its Chinese teaching to Government examination. I can therefore only treat it as English exclusively. As such it presented 32 boys for examination and these were distributed over all the standards of the Code. Out of 31 boys examined, 7 failed in 1 subject each, 1 failed in 2 subjects, and 23 passed. \n\n20. The next Roman Catholic school which teaches English is St. Francis' girls school, which came last year for the first time under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme. Out of 15 girls presented for examination, only 8 had the requisite number of attendances, and these 8 girls were examined only in the two lowest standards of the Code. One failed in 2 subjects, the others passed. A distinguishing feature of this school is the fine needlework done by the pupils under the tuition of the Italian Sisters of Charity. \n\n21. The remaining Roman Catholic schools which were under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme in 1881, which give a European education, confine their teaching at present to the Portuguese language, viz., St. Francis' Portuguese School and the Bridges Street Ragged Schools, all of which are under the management of the Italian Sisters of Charity. In St. Francis' Portuguese School, which is a mixed school, the examination results were satisfactory. Out of 18 boys examined, 7 passed, 9 failed in 2 subjects each, and 2 failed in 1 subject each. Out of 31 girls examined, 20 passed, 9 failed in 2 subjects each, and 2 failed in 1 subject each. The Bridges Street Ragged Schools presented 18 boys for examination, but only 11 passed. Both these schools are doing excellent work as ragged schools, though the remarkable tidiness and cleanliness of schools and scholars belie the idea of any raggedness.\n\n## Protestant Schools\n\n23. Only two Protestant institutions teach English under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, viz., the Diocesan School and the so-called Hongkong Public School, and both of them are connected with the Church of England. The Diocesan Home and Orphanage is a boarding school for Eurasian children, divided into two distinct schools, one being specially for Chinese boys who are taught English, and the other for Portuguese boys. Neither the Chinese nor the Portuguese division submits its Chinese or Portuguese teaching to Government examination. The result of the examination was, in both divisions, highly satisfactory, as out of 140 boys examined, 11 failed in one subject each, and only 4 failed to pass. \n\nThe Diocesan School is similar to the Central School in its combination of two languages taught in the school. On the other hand, being a boarding school, the Diocesan School has the advantage over the Central School by bringing the boys even out of school-hours under English influences, and affording them at all hours of the day an opportunity of hearing English spoken out of school. The reason why this school does not submit its Chinese teaching to Government inspection, by placing it under Class V (for schools in which a European education is given with Chinese in addition), is probably this, that by so doing the risk of failures at the examination would be very considerably increased, whilst the value of a pass would be but slightly higher. In other words, the school would not be likely to earn as high a grant as it now earns whilst being placed under the lower Class IV. As the repeated applications addressed to the Secretary of State, for a reduction of the number of 200 daily attendances, have been unsuccessful, it seems to me to indicate that the Code, as it stands at present, does not encourage the combination of two languages as subjects of instruction.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 317898, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]", "page_number": 149, "title": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]", "content_text": "# THE CHINA REVIEW.\n\n## CHINESE STUDIES AND OFFICIAL INTERPRETATION.\n\nWhen Sir Hercules Robinson's vigorous and enlightened system of education was organized, Cadetships for the future improvement of official interpretation were established, a road to the Peak and a Sanitarium were constructed, the waterworks which, through the energy of his successors, proved such a boon to the Colony, were begun, a Mint also was set up and a new Gaol built on Stone-cutters' Island. As the natural result of such vigorous enlightened policy, sympathetically animating the whole Government Service, the Chinese began at last to feel confidence in the stability and integrity of the English government; they ventured to bring their families to Hongkong, life and property, both foreign and native, gradually became secure as crime diminished, and the Colony began to redeem its previous deservedly bad reputation. Two only of Sir Hercules Robinson's schemes, the Mint and the Gaol on Stone-cutters' Island, were abandoned by his successors, yet public opinion has lately come to see that the abandonment of the Mint was a grand mistake, and the Gaol on Stone-cutters' Island, the original design of which was left uncompleted, has never had a fair trial yet. The idea, from which the building of the Gaol on Stone-cutters' Island arose, was to establish the separate system which is now found to be so effectual.\n\nBut the two principal reform schemes of Sir Hercules Robinson, those which have had the most beneficial effect on the Colony, not only met with the unqualified approval and persistent strenuous support of his successors Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell (1866-1871) and Sir Arthur Kennedy (1872-1877), but they gained by their practical results the unfeigned admiration and gratitude of the whole population, native and foreign. I mean the organization of the educational system of the Colony and the Student Interpreters' scheme, the former of which measures has so commended itself to every unprejudiced member of the community, that any tampering with its present successful working would produce a storm of lawful popular indignation such as no sensible Governor would venture to evoke.\n\nThe educational system of the Colony is the result of a gradual, almost spontaneous growth. A few schools existed before Sir Hercules Robinson, but they were but a sham and the objects of native derision. Sir Hercules Robinson appointed a Board of Education, and opened elementary schools in various parts of the Colony in charge of a foreign Inspector, the Rev. W. Lobscheid. The bible was used as a school-book, and native Christian teachers were therefore required. But it was soon found that, under the peculiar circumstances of the Colony, this denominational system was a mistake. Ninety per cent. of the school children were heathen, the remaining ten per cent. representing a most heterogeneous mixture of creeds, Roman Catholicism, Church of England, Nonconformity both foreign and native, Mahomedans, Parsees and Jews. Protestant Missions, still in their infancy, were unable then to supply the schools with Christian teachers who were not shams. Is it to be wondered at that the whole scheme proved a failure? Yet out of this failure arose gradually, and without any definite policy on the part of the Government, the present secular system of education. One good thing the Board of Education did before it died of inanition. Bishop Smith, as its representative, secured the services of a Graduate of Aberdeen University, Mr. Stewart, who came prepared to take things as he found them. Warned by the failure of the Board of Education and endowed with a broad and clear conception of the special requirements of the Colony, he resolutely resisted the counsels thrust upon him from various sides to disregard Chinese and confine himself exclusively to English teaching. Mr. Stewart formed the Government Central School, and meeting with the warm support of every succeeding Governor and Administrator (Mr. Mercer, Sir Richard MacDonnell, Sir Arthur Kennedy, Mr. Austin) continued, to the present day, to work both the Central School and the Village Schools in such a way that the Government offices gradually filled with clerks and interpreters having received a sound elementary knowledge of both Chinese and English on the basis of the publications of the Irish National School-book Society, whilst the strict discipline and moral influence of a gentleman like Mr. Stewart and his staff of high-class English and native teachers formed an educational agency far more powerful than were school-learning.\n\nSir Richard MacDonnell raised the standard of the Central School by having the elements of Natural Science, elementary Chemistry and Algebra, brought within the range of subjects taught in the School. Sir Arthur Kennedy further extended the secular educational system of the Colony by a scheme of grants-in-aid, offering most substantial assistance to all well-taught private schools in the Colony whether Roman Catholic, Protestant or Confucianist, on the basis of payment by results in secular teaching, such schools being, however, subject to periodical inspection and annual examination by H. M. Inspector of Schools. Owing to the absence of suitable native school books, Sir Arthur Kennedy moreover appointed a School-book Committee, a seat being offered in that Committee to the representative of every Roman Catholic and Protestant Mission in the Colony, and the result was a set of Chinese elementary school-books, designed to be used side by side with the Chinese Classics, whose deficiency in enlightened secular teaching demanded such a supplement.\n\nApart from the educational system, initiated by Sir Hercules Robinson, the Colony owes to this, its greatest Governor, yet another scheme more directly grappling with the great evil of former days, viz. the want of satisfactory official interpretation. He urged upon the Colonial Office the establishment of Cadetships, designed to supply the Civil Service in Hongkong with an efficient staff of interpreters. The candidates were to be selected in England on the basis of competitive examinations, and after two years study of the Chinese language in Hongkong, or as soon afterwards as they should be declared qualified by a Board of competent examiners, they were to be appointed Government Interpreters and to be employed in such of the departments as might require their services, being after three years' approved service eligible by the Secretary of State for promotion to the higher offices in the Civil Service of Hongkong. This far-seeing scheme, which had in vain been urged upon preceding Governors by the Rev. Dr. Legge, was approved by the Foreign Office, on 15th November 1861, and forthwith brought into operation by the selection of candidates, resulting eventually in the addition to the Civil Service of the Colony of six gentlemen, who are now foremost in many different departments and thoroughly qualified to check the interpretation and documentary translation work going on in their respective offices, as far as the written language of China and the Cantonese vernacular are concerned.\n\nThe Student-Interpreters' scheme was certainly a move in the right direction, but it lacked in range of application and in solidity of execution. It embraced only the ruling dialect of Hongkong, the Cantonese dialect, and ignored the Hakka and Fohkien dialects. But even for the study of that one Cantonese dialect the course of study was too short; it should have been extended to at least three years instead of two. The Students were moreover left too much to themselves. The then Colonial Secretary regarded a young man, come out to learn Chinese, much as Mr. Verdant Green might have regarded an unbroken horse—a creature that ought to be done something to, but Heaven knew what! In consequence each Student was allowed to follow what system or no system he liked, and to waste his time in Hongkong when he should have been in Canton. Moreover the pay allowed him during the pupilage was too small for another year of it to be contemplated.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 323816, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]", "page_number": 247, "title": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]", "content_text": "PRIZE DAY AT THE HONGKONG PUBLIC SCHOOL.\n\nThe annual distribution of prizes to the pupils attending the Hongkong Public School took place at St. Paul's College on Saturday morning, the 12th instant. His Excellency the Governor presiding. Amongst those present were Lady Bowen and the Misses Bowen, Mrs. Marah, Bishop and Mrs. Bardon, Hon. P. B. Johnson, Hon. A. Lister, Revs. W. Jennings, Dr. Chalmers, J. B. Ost, H. Lee and R. Lechler, Capt. Vyvyan, A.D.C. to the Governor, Mr. R. Macniro, Private Secretary to the Governor, Messrs. T. Jackson, A. WOlver, A. P. MacEwen, J. B. Chti, G. H. S. Wright, G. R. Lanniert, etc., etc.\n\nBishop BURDON, in opening the proceedings, said—I feel very grateful to your Excellency for the interest you take in our work here and for your kindness in coming to distribute the prizes to-day, especially as you are suffering from the effects of your recent accident. We appreciate your kindness in coming all the more on that account. (Applause). Our school has now been in existence for four years, and I think we may consider it as fairly set agoing and established. We have had our difficulties, as every good institution must expect to have. I don't know whether we may say we have had more than our share, but it has brought out much good feeling and kindly help, and I think we need not fear now for the future.\n\nBefore asking you, Sir, to be kind enough to distribute the prizes this morning, I would like to say a few words about the school itself and the history connected with it. (The school, as we have it now, is, and I think is increasingly felt to be, a necessity in this place. We have a large number of our own children, English children, who are growing up amongst us. Those children cannot, as a rule, be sent home by their parents. Those of us who have sons at home know what it costs to provide suitable schools for them, and also homes, when the parents are living out here. This is only in the power of a comparatively few. There are many children whose parents could not afford to do any such thing.\n\nThen what is to be done? There are other schools in the colony, it is true. We have the Central School, and the school connected with the Roman Catholics, St. Joseph's College. I do not think either of these is a suitable place for the children of English and Protestant residents here, and it seems to me education connected with Christianity as we understand and profess it is imperative. I am not going to say very much about the necessity of a religious education, but I feel very strongly, and I think most here will feel very strongly with me too, that education, to be anything of a training of character, must be founded upon religion; and as we understand the Christian religion after our own fashion, so we should be careful to conduct education in accordance with it.\n\nWe cannot get this in any other place than such a school as this. The expenses of such a school must, of course, be very great. We have to get a master, not here, but to send for him to England, to bring him out, pay him what is not, after all, a very large salary, but still is large for us to raise here. During the past year, we have been obliged to provide a house for the master. There are many reasons that made it necessary. This house I freely gave up, as far as I possibly could, for the purposes of the school. Two rooms are now occupied in the carrying on of the school, and for a while Mr. and Mrs. Hambling were good enough to put up with two rooms which they occupied as their residence, but it was felt this was not suitable, so we have risked the hiring of a house for the master and mistress, where, as we trust, they may be able to receive boarders, and in that way do good to the school and bring boys from the neighbouring ports where there are no advantages of education.\n\nIn commencing the school, there were three sources of help to which we looked and from which we hoped we might be able to support the school easily. One was the subscriptions of friends, another the fees, and the third was the Government help. The fees could not be expected to cover the whole of the expense. For them to have done so, the rate would have had to be made simply prohibitive, and we should not have been able to get the school up at all, for it is very few who could afford to pay their share of the large sum of two or three thousand dollars a year for their children. If they could do that, they would say it would be much better to get a tutor for themselves.\n\nThen we were obliged to ask friends. Here was a great difficulty. Some have said, \"Why should I be asked to support a school for the children of residents as well-to-do as I, or if not quite so well-to-do, well off at all events, to provide education for themselves?\" This has been a difficulty with us. I think a little more thought would have shown that out here it would be simply impossible for the parents to provide their children with tutors on their own. If they are not to be provided with a school of this kind, they must take their chance at the Chinese and Portuguese schools, neither of which I think are suitable.\n\nThat has been the reason we have pressed our friends for subscriptions. I may say those who have their boys here who are wealthy enough have helped us by giving subscriptions in addition to the payment of the fees, and I should be sorry if such boys were kept out. Then the fees come. This is not a charity school. It is on the same footing as some of our schools in England, which are endowed but not sufficiently endowed to be carried on without means provided by the parents of the scholars.\n\nI want the school to be placed on such a footing as I think all clergymen should be placed on, with just enough to make them independent of their constituents, but not enough to give them too much freedom. Too much freedom does not do for anyone, but we want just enough to enable us to hold our own, and then we shall go on from year to year by our own exertions.\n\nThe third source from which we hoped for help was Government assistance. The school was placed under Government inspection, and we hoped to receive something from the Government grant, but when we came to receive the money, we found we had hardly a hundred dollars coming in from that source. I wrote a long letter to your Excellency's predecessor, pointing out what I considered to be the unfairness of such an arrangement.\n\nI showed I had several Chinese Schools under my superintendence and obtained from the Government grant three-quarters of the whole expense. The Central School is mainly attended by Chinese, and the Government spends very large sums of money indeed in supporting it. I may also say—and I am not jealous at all, but still it is a fact—the Portuguese school, St. Joseph's College, has been largely helped by the Government.\n\nI think the education of English children, however they may be in comparison, is as important for us as the education of Chinese and Portuguese children. Therefore, I considered we ought to have a fair hearing and something like fair play. The Government, however, refused to reconsider its grant-in-aid system or in any way to help us, and we have found that by continuing to place ourselves under Government inspection, we so hampered ourselves and our arrangements that $60 or $70 a year hardly seemed sufficient bait to keep us under Government inspection. We, therefore, withdrew, and we are now dependent upon subscriptions and fees.\n\nNo doubt the Government intended to pay us a compliment in refusing to help us. We are Protestants and English, and therefore we are in a perfectly good position to stand on our own foundation. (Applause). Then we will do so, but that must make me appeal constantly for the endowment fund, and I would like to see this school, before many more years of my life are over, endowed with £5,000 laid aside towards its annual support. If it were so, we should be in a sufficiently independent position not to fear any collapse, and yet we should have to work hard.\n\nMr. Bellion, as you know, began the endowment fund some two years ago by giving $2,000, and when I was at home in England, I worked hard and succeeded in raising some little money, and we have now about £1,000. There are still £4,000 wanted. I am sure in a community like this, that amount could be raised if the necessity were felt as I feel it, and I trust that by people who are going home keeping in mind that they could not leave a better memorial of their gratitude for having been kept in health and life, and perhaps in prosperity too, while in China, than by adding to our endowment fund, it may be done.\n\nThe subjects taught in the school are the ordinary branches of an English education at home—Holy Scripture, arithmetic, algebra, Euclid, reading, spelling, writing, English composition and grammar, English history, drawing, geography, geology, and physiology.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 333261, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]", "page_number": 83, "title": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]", "content_text": "The S.JS. for Bar.\n\nThe chat Principal Abject offend\n\nGordon's Visit\n\nVisit & Mayland is to obtain\n\nif possible a settlement of this long\n\npending matter, & I am to confess the hope of in St. Stollende that their\n\nLordships will give to it their\n\nEarly\n\nC\n\nvernor.\n\nNo.\n\nroh 26\n\nDate.\n\n1887\n\n31\n\nat previous Paper.\n\nNo.\n\nHory Hory\n\n4640-\n\n(Subject.)\n\nRECO\n\nC 0.\n\nDESPATCH.\n\n4643\n\nFG 8 MAT 87,\n\nFree grant of piece of land to the\n\nProtestant Home.\n\nflat ground.\n\nRecommendo, forwards flow of\n\n82\n\nand\n\nformabil Consion\n\nfurther\n\ndes\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nMr. Bramstin\n\nThe last somewhat similar application\n\nfor a site (viz. for a Weslegan Chapel)\n\n5on 7078861\n\ndealt with in our\n\ndesse\n\nwhere the Governor was directed to accede to the application if possible. Before deciding on the present application Mr.\n\nit would be desirable to know whether it\n\nwas\n\nfound possible to provide a convenient site for the Westegans, & if so whether sites in Hingthing are likely to be given away.\n\nto rare & valuable, that they cannot\n\nThe original\n\nHome was\n\nof a\n\ngiven for\n\nac\n\nthis Dig\n\nthat was\n\nPerstatution\n\nto be\n\nCharitable character (as I understand par. 1 of the Bishop's letter) but the institution has somewhat altered its character for besides taking destitute Orphans it takes paying Boarders & Dayscholars\n\nsubsequent Paper.\n\n \n! \n\nhas been removed as it is not clear what it represents and it is not part of the text. The text has been formatted into paragraphs using HTML tags. Spelling errors have been corrected, and spacing issues have been fixed. The original text's structure and content have been preserved as much as possible. \n\nHere is the revised output with minor adjustments for better readability:\n\nThe S.JS. for Bar.\n\nThe Chief Principal objected to offend\n\nGordon's Visit\n\nVisit & Mayland is to obtain\n\nif possible a settlement of this long\n\npending matter, & I am to confess the hope of in St. Stollende that their\n\nLordships will give to it their\n\nEarly\n\nGovernor.\n\nNo.\n\nroh 26\n\nDate.\n\n1887\n\n31\n\nat previous Paper.\n\nNo.\n\nHory Hory\n\n4640-\n\n(Subject.)\n\nRECORD.\n\nC O.\n\nDESPATCH.\n\n4643\n\nFG 8 MAT 87,\n\nFree grant of piece of land to the\n\nProtestant Home.\n\nflat ground.\n\nRecommends, forwards flow of\n\n82\n\nand\n\nformabil Consion\n\nfurther\n\ndes\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nMr. Bramstin\n\nThe last somewhat similar application\n\nfor a site (viz. for a Wesleyan Chapel)\n\ndealt with in our\n\ndespatch\n\nwhere the Governor was directed to accede to the application if possible. Before deciding on the present application Mr.\n\nit would be desirable to know whether it\n\nwas\n\nfound possible to provide a convenient site for the Wesleyans, & if so whether sites in Hingthing are likely to be given away.\n\nare so rare & valuable, that they cannot\n\nThe original\n\nHome was\n\nof a\n\ngiven for\n\na charitable\n\nthis Institution\n\nthat was\n\nto be\n\nof Charitable character (as I understand par. 1 of the Bishop's letter) but the institution has somewhat altered its character for besides taking destitute Orphans it takes paying Boarders & Dayscholars\n\nsubsequent Paper.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 333512, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]", "page_number": 334, "title": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]", "content_text": "appear to forget that there are wide constitutional differences between a native of China and one who hails from Europe. They do not allow for the differences of habits, usage, mode of living and a host of other things between the two. They insist upon the theory of treating all nationalities alike however much they may differ from one another physically, mentally, and constitutionally. Hence arise the several provisions in this Ordinance and Bye-laws in question which I have no hesitation in characterising as wholly unnecessary. One might as well insist that all Chinese should eat bread and beefsteak instead of rice and pork, just because the two former articles agree better than the latter with an English stomach. One argument must here be stated and refuted. It has been stated by some advocates of this Bill that the Government is always adverse to anything like class legislation and that any recommendation of the Sanitary Board to that effect would not likely be entertained. This I must confess does remind one of old times when all class legislation was earnestly sought for to be abolished, but with what results I need not mention. Look over our local Ordinances, how many there are still in force which make clear distinctions between Chinese and Europeans. It would only be a waste of time to quote instances. As long as we govern the Chinese according to our promise given while this Colony was yet in its infancy, viz., to govern them as much as possible in accordance with their manners and customs, and to respect their religion and prejudices, we must of necessity modify our laws in order to meet their peculiar requirements. Besides, does not common sense alone indicate to us the advisability of legislating especially in many cases to suit circumstances and surroundings?\n\nFrom an economical point of view, the idea of sacrificing the millions of square feet at an average price of $6 to $7, per square foot is even more ridiculous. What is this enforced sacrifice for? Simply for the sake of a theory that the Chinese public require all such Sanitary improvements to promote their health and welfare. But I challenge the soundness of that theory. I say the Chinese in general do not require this sacrifice or even desire it. Let the Government ascertain the views of the Chinese public in this matter. I have often been told that I was almost always in a minority in the discussion of the various sections of this Bill, but I was and am confident that the public at large, without distinction of races, will support me in most of my contentions. I was often charged also with looking too exclusively after the interest of landlords, but I always denied that charge. I do not only represent the interest of landlords, and personally I am not a landlord, I care for the tenants as much as the landlords, and the poor as well as the rich. It is not for the welfare of the poor to have the valuable space occupied by their small rooms narrowed, in order to provide for a model of a privy, a superb kitchen and a sumptuous backyard of 10 feet wide, while at the same time the wicked landlords continue to charge the same rent or even a higher one for improvements and increased capital necessary to effect such improvements. I am not aware of any law, except in Ireland perhaps, which will compel landlords to lower their rent to an equitably low amount. Perhaps such law will be enacted here, but for the present at all events, all landlords, like everybody else, will want to get from 7 to 8 per cent net interest on their capital. What is the price of land now per square foot? In the central and most populous parts of Chinatown, like Queen's Road Central, and Bonham Strand, it is something like $9, or $10 or more, and even in the more distant and less valuable quarters, it is something like $3 or $4. Just fancy the position of the poor tenant if this Bill becomes law. He would be forced to pay an enormous rent for less space than before, plus all sorts of Sanitary improvements which, however good in themselves from a European standpoint, they do not care for, and which they think at least their constitutions do not require. They may say that they are habituated to such cities like Canton, Kowloon city, &c., compared to which Hongkong as it now stands is a paradise, a model of cleanliness, a perfect Sanitarium, and that if any more improvements are required, let those who advocate it pay for them and not they.\n\nHere two adverse arguments must be noticed. The first is that the Chinese are so ignorant of what is good for themselves that they must be taught, and forcibly too, by means of severe legislative measures. I hardly expected to hear of such an argument, if such it may be termed, at the end of the nineteenth century. It reminds one of the Star Chamber and the Inquisition. Those who advance this argument had better take care, lest some wiser heads might act upon the same principle and enforce something unpleasant upon themselves. Let me give a few illustrations of this dangerous but with some persons most plausible argument. (1.) The established religion of England is Protestant Christianity, the Chinese are mostly heathens, but as they are ignorant and should be taught, let us legislate for enforced Christianity. (2.) The Chinese doctors do not know anything about the European practice of medicine and the Chinese public constantly go to them for advice; but then they are so ignorant—let us legislate for the total expulsion of Chinese trained practitioners and forbid all Chinese under heavy penalties from consulting any one but European doctors. (3.) Many Chinese are inveterate opium smokers, that if long continued, must be injurious to their health as well as a waste of their money; but they are so dreadfully ignorant—let us legislate and force every one to abstain from opium smoking. I may multiply examples, but these will show what I mean. No European will deny that the Chinese urgently need reform in their religion, their system of medicine and their opium smoking habits, but who will advocate that such reform should be wrought by means of harsh and sweeping legislation? Their ignorance should be enlightened no doubt, but not by penal law.\n\nThe second argument is more reasonable and it is this, that as habitable rooms get smaller and rents go higher in directly opposite proportion, wages will get higher too and that will compensate the poor tenants. This would be perfectly true, I admit, if Hongkong were hundreds of miles away from China. But fortunately or unfortunately, we are close to the mainland, where thousands of poor Chinese are struggling for a bare subsistence. The labour market is always in excess of the demand, and there are many able bodies who are willing and even anxious to get their 10 or 20 cents a day. Those who stick out for higher wages on account of increased rent and less house accommodation will be supplanted by those who will be content with less. For example, if a man gets say $15 a month and has to pay $5 per month for two small rooms for his wife and children and $10 for food and clothing &c., but on account of higher rent he has to pay $6 for the same two rooms smaller than before on account of the sacrifice of building for backyard and other spaces, he would, according to the law laid down above demand $16 per month for his services. He would certainly succeed in this if there were no one to take his place for less, but let us say there are plenty who will take it for less, then what must the poor man do but to pay the $6, or resort to overcrowding or to stinting himself and his family of food and clothing. Now allow me to ask whether building four feet away from retaining walls, the leaving of a ten feet wide backyard and the establishing of a 3/6 feet brick privy and spacious kitchen, more necessary than food and clothing, or more desirable than overcrowding?\n\nI shall speak briefly of the unconstitutional and arbitrary way in which this Bill seeks to enforce its various provisions and Bye-laws. It does not provide for adequate compensation in every case. Surely if the public is to be benefited by a large sacrifice of property, the sacrifice should not fall on the shoulders of particular individuals but on all alike. It is always easy to make free with other people's property, but when the thing touches our own pockets we may not be quite so ready to carry out our best intentions and scientific views. I do not think it is a wise policy of any Government, especially when it is not of a representative character, to legislate arbitrarily concerning the property of its subjects, and particularly when such measures involve so large a sacrifice of property. It shakes public confidence and drives away capital, a state of thing which may not affect those who have no permanent interest in the Colony, but is sufficient to excite alarm in the minds of those who are permanent residents and have the future welfare of the Colony at heart. In connection with the question of compensation one curious argument was not infrequently advanced, viz., that since land has lately risen greatly in value, it is but just that the landlords who get the benefit of the rise should sacrifice something for the public good. On the face of it, this seems reasonable enough, but is it so? Are there no landlords who paid the present price for their land with hard cash? How many landlords are there now in existence who have held land for twenty years on the stretch? Even with these, are the risks they have run and the services they have rendered as pioneers of this settlement to go for nothing? Why should their profits be lessened more than any others? These are questions one has to answer before one can recommend this Bill for the consideration of the Legislative Council.\n\nI come now to the strongest argument in favor of this Bill, with its numerous Bye-laws. It has been repeated over and over again that in some large English towns similar Bills have been passed, and that this is an almost exact copy of them, most provisions having been copied word for word, and therefore it must be just and proper—going upon the principle that what is good for the goose is good for the gander. In effect whatever laws they may pass at home we must also pass here. I protest loudly against this kind of indiscriminate and servile legislation. If we are to adopt all English local Acts of Parliament as our law, why need we a separate Legislative Council? There is no doubt some English Acts which we shall all be glad to have introduced here, such as the Press law for example, still every new law should be modified and adapted to suit local surroundings and requirements. To my mind the very fact of the present Bill being copied from the local law of England is the strongest argument against its being passed here without a great many important modifications and alterations. Just compare this...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 336974, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-238 - Governor Des Voeus - 1888 [7-8]", "page_number": 5, "title": "CO129-238 - Governor Des Voeus - 1888 [7-8]", "content_text": "# STOR \n\n? \n\n\n\n\nHong Kong \n\nNo. \n\n16053 \n\n**DESPATCH.** \n\nC. O. 16053 \n\n**MEL** \n\n**REGE 9 A98** \n\nR & S (80,410m) 8100 1—ys \n\n**Governor.** \n\nNo. \n\n18 New 180 \n\n**Date.** \n\n1888 \n\nJuly 2 \n\n**Last previous Paper.** \n\nAm 131-14 auf. \n\nAir \n\n**(Subject.)** \n\nHospital nurses \n\nAsks that the services of five nurses from an English Religious Sisterhood may be obtained on conditions stated \n\n**(Minutes.)** \n\nMr Meads \n\nI have believed, as everyone must, in the goodness of Nursing Sisters, but the statement in par. 2 that there are no Nurses except such as were aided in their work by religious enthusiasm sounds a little like claptrap. \n\nThe Governor asks for Protestant sisters from home - to be procured through the Crown Agents - the terms to be settled if necessary by telegraphic answer. He asks for ... and says if his proposals \n\n## Next subsequent Paper. \n\n1883", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-238 - Governor Des Voeus - 1888 [7-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 347234, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]", "page_number": 250, "title": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]", "content_text": "original pay ($1800). In future estimates therefore, the amount should again be entered as Allowance for Quarter.\n\n6\\. I will, through altercation with some hesitation, I am prepared to allow the proposed increases to the pay of the Deputy Registrars and Deputy Land Officer.\n\nAs their pay be raised more than 14 per cent over their pay in 1890, they will henceforth come under the new rule and draw their leave salaries at 4/= the dollar, their pensions at 8.\n\n77. In my Despatch No. 249 of the 19th instant, I have informed you that the total amount rated for the Ecclesiastical Establishment should be reduced by $1800 at least, viz. by cutting down the vote for Protestant Chaplains from $3,000 to $1200.\n\nThere is no adequate reason for raising the pay of the Sanitary Superintendent to a scale of $3600, rising by annual increments of $120 to $4,200. The salary of this Officer was increased from $2640 to $3000 in 1890.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 347252, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]", "page_number": 268, "title": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]", "content_text": "# THE ECCLESIASTICAL VOTE\n## Discussion on the Appropriation Bill, 1892\n\nThe CHAIRMAN - With regard to the Appropriation Bill, 1892, the Finance Committee has dealt with the whole except two items which stood over, the ecclesiastical vote and the vote in connection with the gaol. As regards the ecclesiastical vote, I have talked carefully over with and taken His Excellency's instructions in the matter. It was a matter that required some consideration and I now propose to amend the grant by substituting for the words \"grant for Protestant chaplain for gaol and Hospital\" the words \"grant for Protestant chaplains, &c.,\" that is, putting in the plural. Last time we considered the vote, it was objected to that it was proposed to give the Anglican chaplain a certain sum and not to give anything to the minister of the Union Church as the representative of a religious community and one who had just claim for remuneration. I use the words \"just claim for remuneration\" because they are the words of the Secretary of State.\n\nI should like to say a few words in explanation of this amendment. It seems to me that in this case, second thoughts are better than first. We give $720 to the Roman Catholic Chaplain on the basis that there are 200 Roman Catholics who pass through the Gaol and Hospital every year. A small committee was then appointed to consider what sum should be given to the Church of England Chaplain. We arrived at the sum on the same principle. For 200 Catholics, the chaplain got $720, and we thought that at least the Protestant Chaplains should get three times as much. At that time, it was intended that the whole sum should go to the Anglican chaplain. No other religious body had put in any other claim, and it was rather assumed that the independent religious bodies, those who do not care to have any connection with the Government, preferred to be perfectly independent and that when they visited the Gaol or Hospital to hold services, they looked upon them rather as works of charity and did not wish to receive anything for them.\n\nA short time ago, however, I received a letter from the Committee of the Union Church asking that they might receive a portion of the grant, and their request seems to me a very reasonable one. I propose now to put in a rather larger sum than was put down for one chaplain, the distribution of which can be arranged afterwards. It is quite clear to my mind that the Union Church should come in for some share of this grant, and I propose to put down $3,000 instead of $2,100. We have taken as a basis the numbers for the whole of the year 1890 and the first half-year of 1891. It appears during that time, the total number of persons admitted to the Hospital, professing the Christian religion, other than Roman Catholics, was 728. We got these returns from the Hospital, where they are very carefully made up. The number of prisoners admitted to the gaol professing the Christian religion and not being Roman Catholic was 104. These figures being added together give a total of 832.\n\nNow the Secretary of State allowed a grant for the Roman Catholic Chaplain of $720 when the number of Roman Catholics for the year at the Gaol and Hospital was 200. The sum therefore becomes a very simple one. If the Roman Catholic Chaplain gets $720 for 200 persons, how much should the Protestant chaplains get? The answer is, as 200 is to $720, so 832 is to $2,995.20, and we have therefore put down a sum of $3,000. The exact provision as to what share is to go to each chaplain must be determined afterwards.\n\nHon. T. H. WHITEHEAD - By whom?\n\nThe CHAIRMAN - I can hardly say at this moment. We are providing for next year. There is not the least doubt that it will be divided fairly. It is sufficient for the Committee to confirm the alteration now, and some arrangement can be come to afterwards with respect to the division of the vote.\n\nHon. Ho Kai - The Union Church did not make a claim because they did not know that any money was to be granted. The Anglican Church knew of it and put in a claim.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN - It has been part of the Colonial Chaplain's duties to hold these services, and now that he has been done away with, the Secretary of State said that due provision would have to be made for the Gaol and Hospital. Of course, if the Union Church comes in, the Chaplain will have to do his share of the work and hold services regularly.\n\nHon. T. H. WHITEHEAD - It seems to me it is simply continuing the grant under a different heading and leaving it in a not very satisfactory manner. At all events, I hope this money will not be apportioned in any hole-and-corner way as other matters have been done. As evidence of what I say, it appears that a Committee was appointed by the Government to enquire into the Gaol. There was a Public Works Committee, but it was never consulted on the point.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN - The Gaol is the next item. When we come to that, we shall perhaps be able to satisfy the hon. member about the appointment of that Committee.\n\nHon. T. H. WHITEHEAD - The same thing may occur here. I hope this matter will not be dealt with in any hole-and-corner way.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN - I do not think the hon. member would desire to make those remarks on further consideration. My sole desire in this matter has been to do everything that is right and fair. There has been nothing hole-and-corner with regard to this vote. I think when you come to look into it, you will find that everything has been the other way. You could not expect the Government to go about asking if there was any other body who wanted a share of the grant. They have done the work for nothing hitherto.\n\nHon. Ho Kai - Will you give us the assurance that the money will be apportioned by a representative Committee?\n\nThe CHAIRMAN - It is for the Governor to arrange all that. I cannot promise anything.\n\nThe REGISTRAR-GENERAL - I think hon. members may take it for granted that the Governor will see that the money, whether apportioned by a Committee or otherwise, is fairly divided.\n\nHon. T. H. WHITEHEAD - I see there is a grant for burials, baptisms, &c., of $400. To whom is that to go?\n\nThe CHAIRMAN - That will have to be apportioned in the same way. Some religious bodies bury their own dead without any provision being made. On the other hand, some poor fellow may be washed ashore or die bereft without friends, and the chaplain has to bury him. It entails considerable hardship and ties the chaplain down very much. He is afraid to go away as some such thing may occur, and he has to be on the spot to direct the burial.\n\nHon. C. P. CHATER thought that some provision should be made for such cases as those mentioned.\n\nHon. T. H. WHITEHEAD - On what do you base this $400 for burials?\n\nThe CHAIRMAN - It is very difficult to arrive at any sum that can logically be put down. No one can tell how many people may require burying next year. I have made enquiries, from Mr. Taverner amongst others before he left, and it is considered that this is as fair a sum as could be arrived at.\n\nThe vote was then agreed to.\n\nPage 7\n\nSpoken to Zen, & find that had written as above on The Union Church of England Church a Zen the idea that was another Church and not (as it is) Church of Presbyterians & Independents. Continued. On further consideration, I think that they understand claim for some recognition. I have therefore drafted for consideration accordingly. As to burials, I have also drafted verbal instructions in accordance with my first minute.\n\n5.49.19/2 \nYrs. M.19.2 \nRigh \nFrom \"Hong Kong Daily Press\" 24 Nov.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 348643, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "page_number": 376, "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "content_text": "# MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nPoor and lawless as most of the Chinese inhabitants of Hongkong were at the time, they were not forgetful of the value of education. For at least a century before the British occupation of Hongkong, there were already small Chinese Schools in existence in the villages of Wongneichung, Stanley, Little Hongkong, and Aberdeen. Each of these Schools counted probably, year by year, an average attendance of some ten boys. These scholars, on an average 50 per annum, with their five teachers, represented, previous to the advent of the English, the entire school-going population of Hongkong, less than one (about 0.89) per cent. of the whole of the inhabitants.\n\nEach of those 50 scholars used to pay to his teacher, apart from small presents of eggs, fruit, or fowls, given at certain festivals, a monthly fee consisting of 30 cash and 4 catties of rice, representing the value of about 12 cents. In return for this fee, the young Hongkongites were taught to read and commit to memory a list of clan names (`Pak-ku-sing`), the Three-characters-classic (`Sam-tsze-king`), the Four-characters-classic (`Sze-taze-man`), and, in the rare case of boys attending school for more than three years, some of the so-called Four Books of ancient Chinese literature. In addition to reading and memoriter exercises, the scholars were taught to write Chinese characters, on wooden tablets at first, and, in the case of the few who could afford the additional expense, even on paper (by means of copy slips which had to be traced through tissue paper). During harvest time in the Hakka villages, and during the annual fishing seasons among the Punti fishermen, the schools were closed, and the teachers left without fees, excepting what they earned by acting as letter-writers, accountants, fortune-tellers, and geomancers for the people in general.\n\nHowever little positive knowledge, apart from mere reading and writing, was disseminated by these Schools, the teachers' personal influence, rather than their teaching, served to keep alive among the people of Hongkong the national respect for Confucian tenets of morality and ceremonialism. Thus, these little Schools did, after all, a small modicum of genuine educational work by partaking of the general character of Chinese education, which leans on ethics as European education leans on religion.\n\nSuch was the state of education in Hongkong previous to, and at the time when, the British flag was for the first time hoisted at the foot of Taipingshan, on Tuesday, 26 January, 1841, and when formal possession was taken, for all time, of the whole Island of Hongkong, in the name of Her Majesty, Queen Victoria.\n\nThere is no record of any new School having been established in Hongkong during the first year of the Colony's existence. The attention of the Government and of the European community was much engrossed with the removal of property and personnel from Macao to Hongkong, with the selection and laying out of building lots, and with the erection of residences, offices, and storehouses. Everything was altogether too unsettled yet to admit even of the thought of any measures towards improving the educational condition of the inhabitants. The Chinese alone, the refuse of whose lowest classes began, early in 1841, to flock to the site of the present city of Victoria, consisted, during the first few years of our Colonial history, chiefly of boat-people, common labourers, coolie-builders, bricklayers, carpenters, stone-masons, blacksmiths, and provision dealers, all of whom had come to Hongkong, in defiance of Mandarin prohibitions, for temporary employment rather than as settlers, and left their families on the mainland. They naturally had neither time nor inclination to think of the education of the young. Some Protestant Missionaries, however, and notably Drs. Bridgman, Ball, Hobson, and Revs. W. J. Boone, W. C. Milne, and J. L. Shuck, who were settled at Macao at the time, came over to Hongkong on sundry occasions in spring and summer 1841, to prospect the future expediencies of the Island and to report to their respective Societies as to their making this new British Settlement the headquarters of their future evangelizing operations. Plans were formed and recommendations were made by the Missionaries, but none of them appears to have commenced any educational work in Hongkong during this first year of the young Colony's existence.\n\n## 1842\n\nThe first to take active steps in this direction appear to have been the Trustees of the Morrison Education Society: Messrs. Lancelot Dent, Th. Fox, William Jardine, A. Matheson, W. Leslie, G. T. Morrison, and Dr. G. S. Bridgman. This Society, organized by British and American merchants in Canton (9 November, 1836), to perpetuate the memory of the late Dr. R. Morrison (the famous pioneer of Protestant Missions in China, who had died on 1 August, 1834), had a distinct educational object, viz., the establishment and improvement of Schools in which Chinese youths should be taught to read and write the English language in connection with their own. The Society started, in 1836, with a subscribed capital of $6,000 and a library of 1500 volumes (the first nucleus of the present Morrison Library in the City Hall), and, whilst commencing operations by subsidiary educational efforts made by Protestant missionaries in Macao, Malacca, Singapore, and Penang, resolved now at once to procure two teachers, one from England and one from America, in order to start a School of their own.\n\nNo suitable teacher could be found in England, but on 23 February, 1839, the Rev. S. R. Brown (from Yale College, New Haven, Conn.) arrived, and commenced, at Macao, the study of Chinese. They started, on 1 November, 1839, the Morrison Education Society's School with six Chinese scholars. The attendance slowly increased to 12 boys (in 1840), to 13 boys (in 1841), and to 18 boys (in 1842), who were located as boarders in the Society's House next to St. Paul's at Macao. On 21 February 1842, the Trustees of the Society passed a resolution to the effect that the British Settlement of Hongkong presents a peculiarly eligible opportunity for extending the operations of the Society, as there alone in this country can exist protection and scope for carrying out its views to advantage. On the same date, the President of the Society, Mr. L. Dent, wrote to Sir Henry Pottinger in this sense and applied for a grant of land at Hongkong for the purpose of erecting a School building. The next day (22 February 1842), Mr. Dent was informed that Sir H. Pottinger would at once select and appropriate a suitable locality for the purpose. A site on the hill, thenceforth called Morrison Hill, having accordingly been granted, a deputation of the Committee (Dr. Bridgman and Messrs. A. Matheson and W. Leslie) waited on Sir H. Pottinger (5 April, 1842) to thank the Governor for his favour and to beg him to accept the post of Patron of the Society, which nomination Sir H. Pottinger cheerfully accepted. A few days later (9 April, 1842), the Trustees resolved to procure an additional teacher from Yale College as coadjutor to Mr. Brown, and when Mr. Dent made a donation to the Society of $3,000 for building purposes, the erection of a College was at once commenced on Morrison Hill (3 August, 1842), whilst the School was for some time longer continued at Macao. But on the expiry of the lease of the School-house there (1 November 1842), the School was removed to temporary quarters in Hongkong, with a loss of 6 out of 17 scholars.\n\n## 1843\n\nNo additional educational effort appears to have been made by the European community in the year 1843, but a small number of Chinese families (shopkeepers, artisans, and boat-people) having by this time settled in the new city of Victoria, four or six Chinese elementary Schools appear to have been established in Hongkong, in addition...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 348647, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "page_number": 380, "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "content_text": "# MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\n## Chinese community in town and in the villages.\n\n### 1849\nAs St. Paul's College commenced to develop, Mr. Stanton's Church of England School under Mr. F. Drake, began to decay, and though it commenced the year with 12 boys and 9 girls, it had soon to be closed for want of public support. Morrison Education Society also had by this time lost its hold upon the sympathies of the foreign community, and in spring 1849, a class of seven Chinese boys was transferred from the Morrison Education Society's School to St. Paul's College, thereby raising the roll of the latter institution to 34 Chinese boys under the tuition of Mr. J. Summers. These boys, divided into three classes, studied both the English and Chinese languages, besides receiving Christian instruction. It had been Mr. Stanton's design, from the beginning, to make his School a Training College which should supply native ministers for the Church of England for missionary work in China and which would therefore naturally come, sooner or later, under the entire control of the Bishop eventually to be appointed for Hongkong. His aim was never fulfilled as to any native minister going forth from this College, but the organization designed by him was completed when the Archbishop of Canterbury (15 October, 1849) approved the statutes of the Hongkong Missionary Institution known as 'St. Paul's College' which defined the objects of this College to be, training a body of native clergy and Christian teachers for the propagation of the gospel in China according to the principles of the Church of England.\n\nThe Anglo-Chinese College under Dr. Legge continued, in 1849, to flourish, but it also failed to produce a single native minister. The number of students rose during this year from 24 to 43, and the Chinese Girls' School was attended by 7 girls.\n\nAs to the educational labours of the Roman Catholic Mission, the Seminary was continued and yielded later on almost annual supplies of native priests. The Portuguese Boys' School was taught by Mr. J. Pereira and attended by 20 scholars, learning English. The French Convent School, under Sister Gabrielle, gave English and French instruction to 13 non-Chinese girls and 6 boys. Mr. Chun A-yee's Roman Catholic School for Chinese was attended by 17 boys, and a new Roman Catholic School for Chinese, taught by Mr. Tsui Sin-cheung, and attended by 43 scholars, received from the Government a separate Grant-in-Aid of $120 a year whilst exempt from the supervision of the Educational Committee. There was thus, in principle, a double system of Government Grants-in-Aid, viz. Grants for Schools under the supervision of a Protestant Committee and Grants for Schools under the Roman Catholic Vicar Apostolic.\n\nThe natural thing to be expected under these circumstances was that the Government Committee would sooner or later come under the direction of the Protestant Bishop. And so it happened in due time. Meanwhile the Protestant Committee, now consisting of Mr. C. B. Hillier, Rev. V. Stanton and Mr. A. L. Inglis, reported (3rd March, 1849) 95 boys in average attendance in the three Government Grant-in-Aid Schools, viz., 40 in Victoria, 20 in Stanley, and 30 in Aberdeen. They expressed their belief that the assistance granted to these Schools was properly appreciated by the Chinese inhabitants. The Committee took care to place gradually Christian teachers in charge of these Schools and definite Christian teaching was now regularly given by the teachers, whilst Mr. Stanton, on his periodical visits, gave special religious instruction to the boys and distributed tracts among the scholars and their parents.\n\n### 1850\nWith the arrival of the newly appointed Bishop of Victoria (29th March, 1850), St. Paul's College, though having lost the services of Mr. Summers, made a new start, Bishop Smith and Mr. Stanton acting themselves as teachers.\n\n| School | Teacher | Attendance |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Han A-wan's Roman Catholic Chinese School | Han A-wan | 18 boys |\n| Cheung Ki-chan's Roman Catholic Chinese School | Cheung Ki-chan | 21 boys |\n\nBoth of these Schools were exempt from the supervision of the Educational Committee and received a Government Grant of $10 per mensem.\n\nThe attendance at St. Paul's College, however, fell from 34 students in April to 25 at the close of the year. In place of the former Church of England School under Mr. Drake, a Miss Mitchell made a short-lived attempt to start a School for Protestant European children and gave to 3 boys and 4 girls an English education in a house in Hollywood Road. The Anglo-Chinese College under Dr. Legge, assisted by the Rev. Ho Tean-shiu, mustered 50 boys at the beginning and 60 at the close of the year. The expenses amounted to $605. The Chinese Girls' School of the London Mission was converted into an Anglo-Chinese School consisting of 13 Chinese girls, all boarders, under the supervision of Mrs. Legge.\n\nA futile attempt was made (13th February, 1850) to revive the Morrison Education Society's School or at least to wipe off the Society's debt of $2,167, by means of the interest accruing from the Morrison Testimonial Fund which, since 10th January, 1846, had been invested with Dent & Co., and the interest of which a meeting of subscribers, held in Canton (18th July, 1849), had resolved to devote to the interests of the Morrison Education Society.\n\nWhile the Protestant Schools thus hardly maintained their position owing to the want of public support, the Roman Catholic Mission Schools appear to have flourished during the year 1850. The Seminary, located in Queen's Road, was under the tuition of the present Bishop Enimondi, assisted by Father Rizzolati and numbered 14 students preparing for the priesthood. The expenses amounted to $900.\n\n| School | Teacher | Attendance | Expenses |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Portuguese Boys' School (Wellington Street) | Mr. R. Freire | 6 boys | $300 |\n| Portuguese Boys' School (Wellington Street) | Mr. J. A. Pereira | 20 boys | $90 |\n| Portuguese Boys' School (Stanley Street) | Mr. J. J. Souza and Mr. S. Souza | 8 boys | $270 |\n\nIn their annual report (8th March, 1850) the Educational Committee (Mr. C. B. Hillier and Rev. V. J. Stanton) reported 114 boys under instruction in 8 Schools (viz., 71 in Victoria, 17 at Stanley, and 26 at Aberdeen). In this official report the Colonial Secretary was informed, among other things, that Mr. Stanton occasionally distributed Christian books for the voluntary reading of the boys. The Committee also ventured the sage remark that the exhibition, on the part of the Government, of a desire to promote education and the establishment of Schools were means calculated to conciliate the native inhabitants and to render the Colonial Government popular.\n\nThe Colonial Secretary accepted this report without remark, but when a few days later he learned that a new Christian teacher had been appointed by the Committee, he curtly called the attention of the Committee to his letter of 7th November, 1847, cautioning any interference with the religious prejudices of the natives, but did not rescind the appointment of the Christian teacher.\n\nThe Rev. E. J. R. Moncrieff, Chaplain to the Bishop of Victoria, was now appointed a member of the Committee, and this energetic Missionary, seeing that two Roman Catholic Schools received the same Government grant as the three Protestant Schools, whilst absolutely free to propagate the Roman Catholic religion, now commended turning the three Government Schools into Church of England Schools and to work them as feeders of St. Paul's College. School had now to be opened and closed with prayer, portions of the Chinese translation of the Bible were used as regular School books and periodically expounded and...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 348657, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "page_number": 390, "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "content_text": "## MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nmaster. The studies in the outside Schools were to consist of the same books as above, including books prepared by foreigners, but this was to be done warily but firmly. While these rules, devised by Dr. Legge, were observed, the Central School turned out youths as well grounded in their own language as in English, but of late years these rules have unfortunately become a dead letter.\n\nThe strictness with which the Board kept the Headmaster in their leading strings will be seen from the fact that not only was the whole organization of the School under Mr. Mackenzie's Memorandum and Dr. Legge's foregoing Minute imposed upon the Headmaster, but the latter, though graciously allowed by the Board (7th April, 1863) to appoint monitors at his own discretion, could not admit new boys into the School except under Dr. Legge's approval. Yielding at last to the reiterated recommendations of the Board, the Government secured towards the close of the year, the engagement of an English Assistant-Master through the Colonial Office, which selected Mr. Willcox as Dr. Stewart's Assistant. A suggestion by Dr. Stewart (3rd November, 1863) to require the parents of scholars to enter into bonds for their attending school for a definite period was disallowed by the Board. In their report, for the year 1863, the Board refer to the separate establishment of Aided Schools in four villages and to the institution of a gradation of rank and pay among the Masters of all the Schools as having been found salutary measures. As the attendance of the Aided Schools is not reported now, the average attendance of the Government Schools in 1863 fell to 406 scholars, among whom there were but 20 girls in the Government Girls School which had been opened during the year 1863.\n\n### 1864\n\nSt. Paul's College School, attended by 42 boys (of whom 5 were Europeans, the rest Chinese), was under the tuition of Mr. Reeve, and cost $3,000 during the year 1864. At the Diocesan School there were 35 Chinese girls receiving an English education in the English language under Miss Euton (expenses not recorded). Miss Baxter placed her Staunton Street Schools, with 20 boarders, under the tuition of Miss Oxlad, assisted by Miss Ainsworth. Her Chinese School, with 27 girls, was continued as formerly, at an expense of $840. In Bonham Road (at the house which has ever since been known as Baxter House and at present is used as a Police Station) Miss Baxter, assisted by Mrs. Thompson, established her Eurasian Boarding School with 48 boys and 14 girls, costing her $3,600. The London Mission, having closed their Girls School, continued their two Boys Schools, one at Taipingshan with 40 Chinese boys, and the other at Wantsai with the same number of scholars, at a cost of $108. The Berlin Mission School now numbered 20 girls under Miss Heidsiek.\n\nThe three Roman Catholic Schools of the Propaganda Society in Wellington Street were continued as before. Mr. Terry had 45 boys in the English School which cost $840. The Portuguese School, under Mr. V. Pereira, was attended by 35 boys, costing likewise $840, and Mr. Tuen Lau gave 30 boys a purely Chinese education at a cost of $144. But a new School appears to have been added, in 1864, by the Propagation Society, as Mr. Yadia Geu (P) taught a R. C. English School for Chinese boys in Wellington Street at a cost of $210. The same Society continued also its Aberdeen School, with 18 boys under Mr. Stepbanns Chu, at a cost of $144. The two Seminaries were also continued. The one in Pottinger Street under Bishop Raimondi and Fathers Favini and Origo was attended by 11 students, costing $600. The other at Soukonpoo, under Père Jacquemin, counted 16 students and cost $720. A new institution, which has come down to the present day, was added, in the year 1864, to the list of Roman Catholic Schools, viz. the Westpoint Reformatory, under Ignatius Ip Uen, James How, Aloy Leang and Asam Wan. Here 45 Chinese boys were taught various Chinese industries (shoemaking, carpentering, tailoring, bookbinding etc.), at a cost of $1,400. This is the first and, up to the present, the only industrial School ever started in Hong-kong. The Sisters of the Italian Convent continued their three Schools in Caine Road at a cost of $1,800. The English School under Sisters Aloysia and Antoinetta was attended by 24 girls. The Portuguese School included 53 girls under Sisters Virginia and Maria. In the Chinese School, Sister Magdalena had 50 girls under instruction. The same Convent continued also its Home in Spring Gardens as a Chinese School under Sister Cecilia Leang at a cost of $144. Under the direction of the Asilo de la Sainte Enfance, Sister Magdalena taught at Spring Gardens 50 Chinese girls at a cost of $600, whilst Sister S. Lucien instructed 55 girls at a cost of $624. We observe that Roman Catholic educationists had by this time outstripped in activity their Protestant competitors, and the sequel will show that they continued to hold the first rank until the introduction of the Grant-in-Aid Scheme revived the energies of Protestant Missions.\n\nDuring the year 1864, the Board of Education, virtually under Dr. Legge's inspiration, passed several resolutions of interest. In reply to a complaint by the Headmaster of the Central School, who had observed that some of his most valued scholars left him to join the English classes of St. Paul's College and therefore made renewed suggestions as to preventing this defection, the Board resolved (5th January, 1864) that the prevention of boys leaving the Central School to enter St. Paul's College is beyond the powers of the Board and that the objects of the two institutions need not be regarded as dissimilar (a strange assertion, considering that St. Paul's College was started to raise a native ministry) or antagonistic and that the Board have no doubt but that the Central School will ere long acquire a sufficient status of its own. So it did, as soon as it was out of the leading strings of the Board. A month later (2nd February, 1864) the Board resolved (and this resolution has remained in force to the present day) that the sum of $200 be set apart for the purchase of prizes to be given among the Schools, and that such prizes be distributed after a public examination in the last month of every year, the appropriation of them being determined by proficiency in studies, general conduct and regularity of attendance. Another resolution (which has also remained in force ever since) was passed (13th July, 1864) to the effect that, in accordance with the Governor's suggestion, a system of fees should be introduced in the Central School and applied to all scholars attending the English classes from 1st January, 1865. Public interest in the doings of the Board appears to have been rapidly waning, for all through this year it happened frequently that no quorum could be obtained at the meetings of the Board. The Inspector of Schools was therefore informally asked to take a seat on the Board and was thenceforth its most regular attendant until the Board (12 months later) died of inanition.\n\nIn their Report for the year 1864, the Board recorded, besides 142 scholars in the Central School, a number of 469 scholars as attending eleven outside Schools, showing thus a great falling off as compared with the attendances of former years. The Board hardly recognized the significance of this falling off and attempted to explain it by referring to the low moral tone of many of the Masters, the extreme indifference (?) of the poorer classes of Chinese in this Colony to the education of their children, and to the prejudices they entertain against any change in their own system of education. The Board also point out that the more respectable Chinese seldom bring their families to the Colony (a fact happily changed now), and that so long as this is the case, it is greatly to be feared that education will not make that progress here which those interested in it could wish to see.\n\nPage 390\nPage 391", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 348659, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "page_number": 392, "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "content_text": "# MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nIt is often supposed to be the absolute indifference of the Chinese to education. The Chinese have no education in the real sense of the word.' The Chinese who have flocked to Hongkong have left behind them their traditional regard for education.' 'Before any real good can be effected, the Chinese must have learnt to appreciate the value of education and of their own education such as it is.' On these doubtful grounds Dr. Stewart seriously recommended the introduction into the Colony of an Education Tax and Compulsory Attendance,' adding that nothing short of this will meet the existing evil.\n\n## 1866\nThe extent to which the Roman Catholic Missions, without any Government Grant, had of late been outstripping the educational efforts of their Protestant competitors, continued to make itself conspicuous in the year 1866. St. Paul's College lost the services of Mr. Reeve on the first, and the annual Foreign Office Grant of $1,200 on the last, day of this year. The School was, however, continued, under Acting Masters, with 33 boys in average attendance and an expense of $2,445. In the Blue Book report for the year it is stated that 'the College is exclusively for Chinese.' The Diocesan School now consisted of the remaining fragments of Miss Baxter's Schools gathered there by Miss Oxlad and Miss Randel, who had 34 girls under their joint instruction at a cost of $3,572. The London Mission continued their two Day Schools at Taipingshan and Wantsai with an aggregate of 70 Chinese boys at a cost of $150. At the Berlin Foundling House 22 Chinese girls were under the tuition of Miss Süss, assisted by a Chinese teacher. But these are all the Protestant Schools known to have been in operation in the year 1866.\n\nAs to Roman Catholic Schools, there was in the first instance St. Saviour's College with 101 boys under the tuition of Messrs. T. Terry, V. Pereira, M. Baptista, C. Wagner, A. Seth, and A. Souza. The expenses amounted to $2,400. On 20th and 21st December, 1866, public examinations were held in Spanish, French, English, and Chinese, and at the public prize-giving the Governor, Sir R. G. MacDonnell stated that to the Roman Catholic Missionaries chiefly do we owe any earnest efforts to provide an adequate body of future interpreters of European parentage.' At the Pattinger Street Seminary (located in the same building as St. Saviour's College) Fathers B. Vigano and G. Favini had 9 students under instruction, costing $600. The Sockonpoo Seminary under Père Jacquemin was attended by 18 students (cost not stated). The Westpoint Reformatory had 53 boys in its Industrial Schools under the tuition of Messrs. S. Chu, T. Rin, Lui Foo, Tai Loo, and Si Chan, the cost of the institution being $1,440. The Propaganda Society had a School with 38 Chinese boys in Wellington Street, under Mr. Lee, costing $300, and another School with 35 Chinese boys under the tuition of Mr. Leang at Spring Gardens, costing $144. The Italian Convent continued its three Schools in Caine Road under the tuition of Sisters E. Bowring, A. Paltronieu, and G. Maczato, who had 23 girls in the English division, 60 girls in the Portuguese, and 32 girls in the Chinese division. The expenses amounted to $2,400. The Italian Sisters further had a Girls School at work in Spring Gardens, with 32 girls, under the tuition of Sister L. Pam, at a cost of $96. In the Day School of the Asile de la Sainte Enfance there were, under Sister M. Lucien, 18 boys and 70 girls under instruction, costing $1,680.\n\nIn his report on the Government Schools for the year 1866, Dr. Stewart reports an average attendance of 208 scholars in Central School and 246 scholars in the twelve outside Schools (the maximum attendance being 222 in Central School and only 350 in the outside Schools). This result, compared with that of former years, seems to indicate general unpopularity of the methods adopted in these Schools. Experience has amply proved that Chinese parents are by no means slow in sending their boys to school if they are satisfied with the school's efficiency and discipline. Dr. Stewart, however, was satisfied with these results and reported favourably on the Schools. The payment of fees in Central School has not proved the slightest drawback to the School.' The outside Schools charged no fees at all. Still children would not come to these Schools. We feel sure that the semi-foreign methods still insisted on were to blame. Later on, when these methods were allowed to fall in abeyance, the attendance increased. Dr. Stewart states that his project of training Chinese Assistant-Teachers—a problem still utterly unsolved in Hongkong—has all but failed. A double change was introduced in the Central School by the orders of Sir R. G. MacDonnell: the School, which had hitherto been exclusively for Chinese boys, was thrown open for boys of all nationalities (a very reasonable measure), and science classes, including experimental chemistry, were ordered (for boys who did not understand English enough to follow an ordinary English conversation). Dr. Stewart, naturally, did not expect good results from the latter measure.\n\n## 1867\nThe educational statistics of Protestant and Catholic Mission Schools for the year 1867 are missing. But it is recorded elsewhere, by a Catholic author, that 'the Schools under the direction of Protestant Missionaries (in the year 1867) were prospering, with the exception of St. Paul's College, which came to grief for having lost its funds (by the failure of Dent & Co.). The Catholic Schools appear to have continued their progressive development in the year 1867, as is evidenced, so far as St. Saviour's College is concerned, by the favourable comments made by Sir R. G. MacDonnell on the occasion of prize-giving day (23rd December, 1867).\n\nIn his report on the Government Schools for 1867, Dr. Stewart recorded 198 scholars in average attendance at Central School and 310 scholars in the twelve outside Schools, which constitutes a further decrease on the results of the previous year. Dr. Stewart himself regrets that he cannot report much progress as to the Village Schools, despairs also of training proper Masters for those Schools without a separate training department (a measure still needed), and deplores the large proportion of children (10,800) remaining uneducated in Hongkong out of 19,349 under 10 years of age, but he notes an increasing interest now felt (by the Chinese) in female education,' and reports on the whole favourably on the Central School regarding which he speaks of an increasingly apparent popularity.\n\n## 1868\nSt. Paul's College, having been temporarily closed in 1867, was re-opened by Bishop Alford, in the year 1868, as a School for European boys only, 20 of whom were placed under the tuition of the Rev. J. Kyle. The expenses of the School, amounting to $3,343, were met partly by the Church Missionary Society, which provided the salary of the tutor and partly by an advance of $1,203 which the Bishop made out of the Diocesan fund. The Diocesan School, under the charge of Miss Oxlad (whose salary was provided by the Female Education Society for the purpose of the Baxter Schools) had 12 girls as boarders at a cost of $1,700. Miss Oxlad re-opened this year a Baxter Vernacular Girls Day School, with 14 girls under 2 Chinese teachers, the expenses ($384) being provided by the late Miss Baxter's family. The London Mission now added to its two Boys Schools at Taipingshan and Wantsai (with 72 boys, costing $500) a Girls School with 13 children under the tuition of Mrs. Amui (in Aberdeen Street). In the Berlin Foundling House 21 girls were under the tuition of Miss Süss and a Chinese teacher. The Boarding School of Miss Magrath, which, though not recorded for several years past, had all along been at work without interruption, was, in 1868, attended by 15 girls and 3 boys, at a cost of $750...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 348661, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "page_number": 394, "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "content_text": "## MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nThe system of Grants-in-Aid in these Schools is slowly advancing. The future proved that this observation was based on a delusion, as Dr. Stewart himself was not slow in finding fault.\n\n1870. The ebb-tide of the Protestant educational movement of the Colony continued throughout the year 1870, and indeed for nearly two years after. There were 20 boys and 9 girls under tuition at the Diocesan Home and Orphanage under the charge of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur, the expenses of the institution amounting to $3,750. In forwarding to the Government the statistics of this School, Bishop Alford added the curious remark that previous to the absorption of the pupils of St. Paul's College, this School was called the Diocesan Female School. Miss Riekomartz continued to teach 15 Chinese girls in the Baxter Vernacular Day School, which cost the Baxter family $450. The London Mission, having closed their Girls School, continued their two Chinese Boys Schools, attended by 25 boys in Taipingshan and 35 boys in Wautsai. At the Berlin Foundling House, Miss Siss had 24 Chinese girls under her tuition.\n\nAmong the Roman Catholic Schools of the year 1870, St. Saviour's College continues in the front rank. There were 114 boys under the tuition of Messrs. T. Terry, V. Pereira, P. Senna, Sam Mat-chi, Chuu Fat-chi, and Father T. Mourn, and cost the Propaganda Society $2,112. At the Reformatory, under the direction of Father Burghignoli, 56 boys received an industrial education at the cost of $1,860. The two Seminaries also continued in working order. At the Propaganda Institution there were 12 students under the tuition of Father Hugo costing $660, whilst 16 students were under Père Lauesigne at the French Institution on Caroline Hill (Sookonpoo). The Propaganda Society's Chinese School at Spring Gardens, under Mr. T. Leang, was attended by 87 Chinese boys, costing $144. The Sisters of the Italian Convent had 120 girls under tuition in their three Schools (English, Portuguese and Chinese) in Caine Road, costing $3,600, and in their Spring Gardens School they had 20 Chinese girls, costing $120. The Sisters of the Asile de la St. Enfance continued their two Schools, one under Sister S. Mary who gave instruction to 10 boys and 82 girls, whilst in the other School Sister Marie Theresa taught 4 boys and 61 girls.\n\nThe Government Schools increased very considerably during the year 1870. At the Central School there were only 225 scholars in average attendance, costing the Government $31.24 (or $26.19 per enrolment) for each scholar, but at the Village Schools (now 23 in number) there were 548 scholars in average attendance, costing the Government $3.81 per scholar. Another notable mark of progress is found in the fact that 11 girls were included among the scholars of the outside Schools. At the Central School the elements of music were taught during the year 1870 as an experiment which, unfortunately, was not continued in subsequent years. Dr. Stewart reports favourably on the English department of the Central School, but states with reference to his management of the Chinese department that \"a good deal of latent opposition has to be encountered in the teaching of Chinese in the School,\" a complaint which naturally has perpetuated itself to the present day and must continue so long as Chinese is not taught according to Chinese principles. At the same time Dr. Stewart has now discovered one good trait in the Chinese character: the extreme docility of Chinese boys, which makes 'a school of Chinese boys a disciplinarian's paradise.' As to the Village Schools, Dr. Stewart already finds now that his hopes as to the applicability of the Grant-in-Aid system to Village Schools are a long way from their realization and that \"the villagers use the system to plunder the Government and to squeeze the Masters.\" In the same Report, Dr. Stewart makes a suggestion which unfortunately has never been adopted though often since urged upon the Government. He stated that, in spite of the facilities offered by the Roman Catholic Schools, \"the greatest educational want in Hongkong is that of a School or Schools for European and American children,\" (a want still unsupplied in 1891), and that \"the Government might fairly charge itself with providing the expenses of the site and the building, whereupon the fees would go far to make the School self-supporting.\"\n\n1871.\n\nFinally, there were 20 Chinese girls under the tuition of Miss Siss at the Berlin Foundling House. But these were all the Protestant Schools of Hongkong.\n\nWith the year 1871 the Protestant Schools reached at last the nadir of their decline, after the passing of which they rapidly increased and soon outstripped both the Catholic and the Government Schools. The census of 5th May, 1871, proved the existence in the Colony of 74 Schools with 2,706 scholars, of whom 245 were of British or Foreign extraction (149 boys and 96 girls), the remaining 2,461 scholars being Chinese (2,091 boys and 380 girls). The subjoined statistics, compared with the census returns, will further show that there were in 1871 at work in Hongkong 31 private Chinese Schools with 684 scholars (650 boys and 34 girls), 26 Government Schools with 1,293 scholars (1,201 boys and 92 girls), 13 Roman Catholic Schools with 612 scholars (293 boys and 319 girls), and 4 Protestant Schools with 117 scholars (56 boys and 61 girls).\n\nAs to Protestant Schools, there was in the first instance the Diocesan School, now (as ever since) under the management of a Committee of which the Bishop (and in his absence the Colonial Chaplain) was chairman. There were 18 boys and 11 girls under the tuition of Mr. and Mrs. W. M. B. Arthur and a Chinese teacher, the expenses being $4,000. There were further the two London Mission Schools at Taipingshan (the best permanent of all Protestant Schools, for they exist to the present day ever since 1868, forming thus quite an exception to the rule), with an aggregate of 68 Chinese boys and costing $500. And there were finally 20 Chinese girls under the tuition of Miss Siss at the Berlin Foundling House.\n\nAt St. Saviour's College, the R. C. Propaganda Society had 142 scholars, under the tuition of Messrs. J. Terry, V. Pereira, M. Baptista, R. Pinto, Chun Tat-chi, and Sam Mat-chi, at a cost of $2,301.\n\nAt the Italian Convent 60 European and 110 Chinese girls were under instruction in the usual three divisions (English, Portuguese and Chinese). The cost is not stated. But there must have been at this time some dissatisfaction felt among the Portuguese community as regards the methods of both St. Saviour's College and the Italian Convent, as four separate private Schools, designed for Portuguese children, were started at the beginning of the year 1871. Mr. T. Crosby opened, in Pullinger Street, an English School for Portuguese attended by 16 boys, at a cost of $840. Mr. J. M. da Silva e Souza conducted an English and Portuguese School attended by 20 boys. Mrs. Ferraz, in a separate Portuguese Girls School, had 13 girls, and Mrs. Baramta had, in another School, 14 girls under instruction. At the Westpoint Reformatory, under the direction of Father Burghignoli, 54 boys received an industrial education at a cost of $2,400. The French Mission removed their Ecclesiastical School from Sookoonpoo to Canton, but the Propaganda Society continued their Seminary at Pottinger Street, where 11 students were under the instruction of Father Longo. The same Society continued also its Chinese School at Spring Gardens, under Mr. T. Leang, attended by 38 boys. In the same neighbourhood the Italian Sisters continued their Girls School where Sister Matilda had 20 girls under instruction. At the Asile de la St. Enfance 12 boys and 78 girls were under the tuition of Sister S. Mary, but the other School of the French Sisters appears to have been closed.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 348662, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "page_number": 395, "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "content_text": "# MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nThe Government Schools increased, during the year 1871, in number but not in attendances. At the Central School 234 boys, costing $20.19 per head, were in average attendance, whilst 25 Village Schools (which term, in Dr. Stewart's time, always included also the Schools in town outside Central School) had only 259 scholars, costing $3.84, in average attendance. Accordingly Dr. Stewart urges once more the introduction of a compulsory education law. For the Central School, moreover, he asked for an entirely new building, but it took nearly 20 years before this reasonable wish was fulfilled. Nearly all the nationalities in the Colony were by this time represented in the Central School which, small as it then was, constituted a perfect model of an Anglo-Chinese School in its organization, methods, and discipline. Mathematical drawing had been added in this year to the extra subjects of the School.\n\n## 1872\nAs regards the Protestant Schools, there was, in the year 1872, a slight sign of reviving educational energy, as a School (which has endured to the present day) was started by a new agency. The Basel Mission, in the person of the Rev. J. O. Loercher, established an admirably organized School, at a cost of $1200 only, with 62 Hakka girls under 3 Chinese teachers (50 of the girls being boarders). The Diocesan School under Mr. and Mrs. Arthur continued its work with 16 boys and 1 girl (all boarders), at a cost of $4500. The London Mission had 30 Chinese boys under instruction at Taipingshan and 40 Chinese boys at Wanchai. Each of these two Schools cost $806. At the Berlin Mission, Miss F. Schroeder, with the assistance of a Chinese teacher, had 18 Chinese girls under instruction. The first Sunday School, on record, was opened at Union Church by Dr. Legge, where 18 boys and 20 girls, all non-Chinese and mostly English, received weekly instruction.\n\nAmong the Roman Catholic Schools, St. Saviour's College maintained its ground with an improved staff (Messrs. J. Terry, J. Hanlon, J. M. S. Souza, J. Baptists, R. Pinto, Sam Mat-chi, J. McDonald, and Chun Tar-nhi), there being 146 boys under instruction at a cost of $3,660. The Industrial Schools of the Westpoint Reformatory, under the direction of Father Burghignoli, were attended by 55 boys and cost $3,000. Three private Portuguese Schools were continued during this year, Mr. M. Callado having 20 boys under instruction, Mrs. J. Ferraz 10 girls, and Mrs. M. Remedios also 10 girls. At the Italian Convent, there were Infant Schools in operation of which there are, however, no statistics available. In the three Girls' Schools, the Italian Sisters had 175 girls under instruction and, moreover, they now added a Boys School attended by 25 boys (under 10 years). At Spring Gardens, the Italian Sisters continued their Girls School with 20 girls under the tuition of Sister Matilda. In the same neighbourhood, the Propaganda Society continued their Boys School, now under Mr. Wan Fong, with 38 boys. The foregoing two Schools cost $840. The Pottinger Street Seminary, under Father Longe, was attended by 9 students, costing $180. No School of the French sisters is recorded as in operation during this year.\n\nThe Government Schools, now 30 in number, enjoyed at last a somewhat increased attendance. At the Central School 281 boys, costing $22.06 per head, and, at the 29 outside Schools, as many as 674 scholars, costing $13.1 per head, were in average attendance. The total enrolment amounted to 1180 scholars. As regards the working of the Grant-in-Aid system, Dr. Stewart's illusion was now dispelled, as he says in his report, 'the giving of Grants-in-Aid to certain Schools, which at first gave promise of much good, is not proving so beneficial a measure as was anticipated.' As regards the Central School, Dr. Stewart was by this time so satisfied with its working and with the appreciation it met with on the part of the public, that he indulged in the over-sanguine expectation that if a new building and additional masters were obtained, the Central School might be made to supply all the educational wants of the Colony. The fact that, in 1872, as many as 88 boys of non-Chinese nationalities attended the Central School may have originated this illusion, which present experience has entirely dispelled.\n\nDr. Stewart's assertion, that the Central School might be made to supply all the educational wants of the Colony, was directly intended as an official contradiction of the views then entertained by a considerable section of the community, who, sharing the views formerly expressed by Mr. Shortrede in 1855, disliked sending their sons to an institution like the Central School where, among a promiscuous mixture of nationalities, the Chinese vastly predominated. The feeling at the bottom of this movement was prompted by a national bias and manifested itself in a decided objection to school associations with Chinese in particular, but it was a feeling very natural in a British Colony and one that will never be satisfied until this Colony obtains at last the boon, at the present day still unfulfilled, viz. a Public School for European children of both sexes. On 29th April, 1872, the Hon. Ph. Ryrie stated in Legislative Council that the Community felt the need of a School for the education of middle-class Europeans. The Governor, desirous probably of testing the public character of Mr. Ryrie's motion, at once suggested that a public meeting should be convened to discuss the question. When that meeting was held (26th June, 1872), it appeared that a majority of the public did recognize the need for a School such as Mr. Ryrie desired, but wished it to be a secular School. Accordingly, a Committee (Messrs. E. R. Belilios, F. Stewart, J. Greig, Captain Sands, Mudy, Rozario, and Ph. Ryrie) was appointed, from which every missionary and clergyman interested in the proposed School was carefully excluded. This Committee was instructed to collect statistics as to the probable support the School would receive from the public, to ascertain if St. Paul's College might be utilized for the purpose, and to report to the Governor stating what initial help, if any, would be necessary from the Government.\n\n## 41\n\nThis attempt to turn the very School (St. Paul's College) which for so many years had formed the centre of religious education, even for the Government Schools of the Colony, into a secular School, with the open approval of the head of the Government, is a characteristic evidence of the change which had come over the Colony. The attempt proved, however, futile, and Mr. Ryrie's whole scheme miscarried. The only tangible result of this movement was the formation of a private venture School, called Victoria English School, taught by Mr. and Mrs. Hanlon, which was for several years under the nominal management of Mr. Ryrie (as a Grant-in-Aid School) and then came under Roman Catholic management, which has preserved the School to the present day as a Roman Catholic Mission School. Such is the irony of fate; the only secular School, ever established by the Hongkong public, maintained its existence only by becoming a denominational School. As to the Chinese community, the former pupils of St. Paul's College held, a few days before that secular public assembly, a meeting of their own at which they expressed their view of the situation by resolving to erect a monument in memory of the late Bishop Smith.\n\n## 1873\nThe year 1873 forms an important turning point in the history of local education, as it witnessed the introduction of the Grant-in-Aid Scheme. Just when the secular party had attained the zenith of their power in Hongkong, thought even of turning St. Paul's College into a non-religious institution, and launched an imitation of Forster's Grant-in-Aid Act (1870) expressly intended to bring the Mission Schools of Hongkong under the same secular bondage as the Government Schools, it so happened that the upholders of the secular system...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 348663, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "page_number": 396, "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "content_text": "# MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nunder the lead of Dr. Stewart, furnished unwittingly by this very Grant-in-Aid Scheme the means to develop religious education to an extent never before witnessed in Hongkong, and to enable the denominational institutions to outstrip by far, in number of Schools and scholars as well as in popularity, the secular Schools of the Government. For six years, indeed, a few Mission Schools groaned in the chains of secularism, but when, by what the adherers of the secular system called a few merely verbal alterations, the secular elementary Grant-in-Aid Scheme of 1878 had been transformed into a Scheme which left the primary Mission Schools absolutely unfettered in religion and free to develop into secondary Schools, the denominational Schools, and particularly those of the Protestant Missions, multiplied and improved at an extraordinary rate, speedily making up for lost time, and yet, though rapidly distancing the Government Schools, hardly able to come up to the educational wants of an even more rapidly increasing population. The highest praise for this wonderful success is due in the first instance to Dr. Stewart, who deftly launched the Grant-in-Aid Scheme in 1873, and, in the second instance, to Governor Sir John Pope Hennessy who successfully reformed it in 1879.\n\nOn 14th February, 1873, Dr. Stewart submitted for the approval of the Government a Grant-in-Aid Scheme differing in no material points from Foster's Education Act of 1870 except that, while the latter, respecting the conscientious religious scruples of parents, left the knotty point of religious instruction to the discretion of the School Boards, the former dispensed with School Boards and religious education altogether and made it a preliminary condition of a grant that four consecutive hours per diem should be set apart for purely secular instruction and that the grant should be paid exclusively for results ascertained by examination in secular subjects. The chafing point of this yoke of secularism was by no means the allotting of the grant on the exclusive basis of an examination in secular subjects - on the contrary, all the Mission Schools were and are quite willing to submit to this test - but what worried all the Mission Schools under this Scheme, and soon caused the Catholics to withdraw altogether from it, was the iron rule as to four consecutive hours, necessarily the very best part (the forenoon) of every day, to be devoted to exclusively secular instruction. This was the sore point, and it was a sore grievance to the friends of religious education, because this appropriation of the very best part of every day to exclusively non-religious work was felt by scholars and teachers as a virtual exaltation of secular education and practical relegation of religion to a back seat. In vain did the writer of this implore Dr. Stewart to make a concession on this point. Dr. Stewart was inexorable; he considered this very point the backbone and marrow of his whole Grant-in-Aid Scheme.\n\nExcellently adapted as Dr. Stewart's Grant-in-Aid Scheme was to the peculiar circumstances of the Colony, it contained - like Foster's Act - some radical defects, which immediately made themselves felt by causing considerable friction. No one has more clearly and concisely defined those defects than an American Educationist (Franklin Rhodes) who took great pains in studying (May, 1888) the history of our Grant-in-Aid Scheme. Referring to Dr. Stewart's Scheme of 1873, he says: \n| Condition | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| First | The plan was applied to elementary Schools only and so failed to fill the demands of a complete system. |\n| Secondly | It gave no aid to any School whose average attendance was under twenty and so left the weak School without help at its most critical time. |\n| Thirdly | A School must devote at least four consecutive hours a day to secular instruction, and thus it not only exalted the secular in undue measure but virtually excluded religious teaching. |\n| Fourthly | The text-books must be sufficient as regards secular instruction, thus making the whole standing of the School turn on its secular character. |\n\nBefore the Scheme was formally approved, Dr. Stewart, acknowledging that there were no Chinese schoolbooks in existence satisfying the demands of his Scheme, recommended (17th April, 1873) that the Governor should appoint a Committee for the compilation of Chinese schoolbooks with Dr. Eitel as Chairman. This was done. A Committee of Protestant Missionaries (together with Dr. Stewart) immediately set to work and compiled a series of three graduated Chinese Readers after the pattern of the Irish National Schoolbook Society's publications, each Reader containing a few deistic-religious articles, devoid of anything essentially Christian. A preliminary hornbook containing graduated exercises for writing Chinese was also adopted. These books are in use in the Government Schools and Grant-in-Aid Schools to the present day. But no English Readers, adapted to the peculiar needs of children whose mother tongue is other than English, have ever been prepared here, though this want is badly felt.\n\nOn 24th April, 1873, the Grant-in-Aid Scheme was approved by the Governor in Legislative Council and the following six Schools, attended by a total of 442 scholars, were at once placed under the Scheme: \n- St. Saviour's English Day School (Catholic)\n- St. Stephen's Chinese School (Church Mission)\n- Victoria English Boys' School (taught by Mr. Hanlon, managed by Mr. Ryrie and described as 'undenominational')\n- Wantsai and Taipingshan Chapel Schools for Chinese (London Mission)\n- Baxter Vernacular Chinese Girls School (Church of England)\n\nIn his report for 1873, Dr. Stewart states that the Scheme has met with the approval of all denominations, Catholic and Protestant alike. But that the approval of the Missionaries, who took up the Scheme to give it a fair trial, was not an unqualified one, will be seen from the following extract from a local paper.\n\nThe China Overland Trade Report (summarizing several articles which had appeared in the columns of the Daily Press and referring to certain correspondence which had appeared in the China Mail) contains the following editorial remarks in its issue of 25th December, 1873: \nA lively controversy has been going on with reference to the system of education provided at the Government Schools. That system is based upon the secular principle, and as far as possible all religious lessons are eliminated; but on account of the extent to which ideas connected with quasi-religious systems among the Chinese are mixed up with everything in Chinese books, it is impossible entirely to eliminate them from the books used to teach the natives their own language. On account of this difficulty, Dr. Eitel of the London Mission has attacked the system, arguing that the Schools should be made Christian, as otherwise we exclude Christianity whilst we teach Paganism. The supporters of the secular system, in reply, point out that this is the only system which is suited to the Colony and prove their assertion incontestibly by the official statistics which present a total of over 1,300 Chinese scholars at the Government Schools against 147 at the Missionary Schools. Unfortunately for the framer of this argument, the proportion of scholars at Government Schools, as compared with the number of scholars attending the Missionary Schools, decreased steadily from year to year, and ten years later, the relations were reversed, for there were (in the year 1883) 3,517 scholars attending the Christian Mission Schools (under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme) and only 2,080 scholars attending the secular Government Schools. Last year (1890) the proportion was 4,656 scholars in the Christian Mission Schools to 2,514 scholars in the secular Government Schools. \n\n## 390 \n## 42 \n## 43 \npril", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 348664, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "page_number": 397, "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "content_text": "## MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG\n\nThe cause of this change lay simply in giving the Mission Schools free scope under the Revised Scheme of 1879.\n\nAs to the Protestant Schools at work during the year 1873, they exhibited, quite apart from the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, renewed activity. The Diocesan School with 16 boys and 9 girls continued under the tuition of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur, and cost $4,475. The Colonial Chaplain (Mr. Kidd), following the example of Union Church, started a Sunday School at St. John's Cathedral, attended by 53 boys and 34 girls, and added, moreover, a regular night school for 25 boys taught by himself and his Scripture-reader. At the Berlin Foundling House, Miss Schroeder had 15 Chinese girls under tuition, and the Basel Mission Girls School under Rev. J. G. Loerober gave instruction to 58 Chinese girls (boarders) costing $1,088. The London Mission Schools at Wantsai and Taipingshan were attended, the former by 51 and the latter by 36 Chinese boys. St. Stephen's Boys School at Taipingshan (under the Church Mission) was attended by 56 boys. To the foregoing Schools the Female Education Society added, in 1873, three new Chinese Schools, all named after Miss Baxter, and superintended by Miss Oxlad, viz. one in Staunton Street, attended by 30 girls and costing $168, a second in Hollywood Road, attended by 13 girls and costing $180, and a third in Second Street, Saiyingpun, with 19 girls, costing $310.\n\nAmong the Roman Catholic Schools of the year 1873 we refer first to St. Saviour's College. This School, now taught by Messrs. J. Terry, J. M. da Silva, Kwok Sin and How Chin (a sensibly reduced staff), was attended by 120 scholars and cost the Propaganda Society $2,100. Only the English Division (taught by Mr. Terry) was placed under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme. The same Society continued also its Spring Gardens School, under Mr. Leung Yow, attended by 30 Chinese boys and costing $54. The Seminary is not mentioned in the records of this year. At the Italian Convent 40 girls were under tuition in the English School, 35 girls in the Portuguese School and 49 boys (under 10 years) in the Anglo-Portuguese division. The Chinese School of the Convent is not mentioned in the statistics of the year 1873. At Spring Gardens the Italian Sisters had under their tuition, in their Anglo-Portuguese and Chinese Schools of St. Joseph's Convent in Francis Street, 8 boys and 10 girls. At the Asile de la St. Enfance there were 9 boys and 81 girls under the instruction of the French Sisters of St. Paul de la Croix.\n\nThat the Protestant Schools were now coming up closely in number of attendances to the Catholic Schools, is evident from the foregoing returns which show that (not counting the Cathedral Sunday School) there were, in 1873, 184 boys and 144 girls attending Protestant Schools as compared with 207 boys and 186 girls in Catholic Schools.\n\nAs to the Government Schools, Dr. Stewart's report for 1873 counts 1,667 boys and 171 girls enrolled in Government Schools at a net cost of $14,477.90 (or $7.88 per head), as compared with 309 boys and 134 girls in Grant-in-Aid Mission Schools costing the Government $285.10 (or 59 cents per head). Dr. Stewart reports, as a new experiment, that he started during this year an Anglo-Chinese School at Aberdeen.\n\n## 1874\n\nAmong the Protestant Schools of the year 1874, nearly all of which exhibited a marked increase of attendances, we mention first the Diocesan Home and Orphanage School, under the tuition of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur. It was attended by 18 boys and 18 girls (all boarders) and cost $4,900. St. John's Cathedral Sunday School was attended by 16 boys and 30 girls (among whom there were 5 Chinese children). The regular night classes under the direction of the Colonial Chaplain (Mr. Kidd) were attended by 24 boys. The Church Mission's St. Stephen's School at Taipingshan had 88 Chinese boys on its roll, costing $200. The Baxter Schools, under Miss Oxlad, flourished. Staunton Street School, with 43 girls, cost $420. Hollywood Road School, with 53 girls, cost $240. The Saiyingpun School, attended by 32 girls, cost likewise $240. The Berlin Foundling House School, under Miss Schroeder, had 36 girls under instruction, and at the Basel Mission School there were 1 boy and 49 girls attending the school supervised by Mr. Loercher, which cost $1,032. The London Mission Schools at Wantsai, with an attendance of 72 boys, and at Taipingshan, with 74 boys, cost $120 each. Not counting the Cathedral Sunday School, the regular Schools under Protestant management were attended by 278 boys and 220 girls, during the year 1874. Seven of the above Schools (3 Baxter Schools, 2 London Mission Schools, the Church Mission and the Basel Mission Schools) were under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme.\n\nAs to the Roman Catholic Schools of the year 1874, the only School under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme was St. Saviour's College with an average attendance of 75 boys, under the instruction of Messrs. J. W. Terry, J. W. Cullen and W. Kelly. The College was now separated from its former Chinese Division and its Anglo-Chinese Division appears to have been dropped. Thoughts were already entertained by the Propaganda Society of ceding to the Brothers of the Order of St. Joseph the duty and responsibilities of giving to the Catholic boys of the Colony an English or Anglo-Chinese education. The Chinese School in Wellington Street, under Mr. Leung Kwok-yin, was attended by 20 boys and cost the Propaganda Society $360. In St. Francis Street (Spring Gardens) the same Society continued also their Chinese School, attended by 15 boys. The Italian Convent reported, for this year, only two Schools in operation, costing $360, viz. a School of 50 boys and another of 80 girls. At the Asile de la Sainte Enfance there were 20 boys and 181 girls under instruction, the cost being reported as having amounted (probably for the whole Convent) to $1,950, but the Government made this year a grant of $60 a month to this Convent. The total of scholars, reported as having been under Roman Catholic instruction during the year 1874, amounted to 411 children (180 boys and 261 girls), or 61 children less than those under Protestant instruction.\n\nIn the secular Government Schools there were under instruction, during this year, 1,931 children (viz. 1,759 boys and 172 girls) of whom 528 attended the Central School—a very great increase. The typhoon of 1874 frustrated Dr. Stewart's hope of seeing soon a new Central School Building erected.\n\nDr. Stewart also refers, in his report, to the need of the preparation of an Arithmetic book for the Chinese Schools outside the Central School, a need still felt and still unfulfilled. Likewise also the need of a Training School, referred to in the same report, is still an unsupplied desideratum. A Morrison Scholarship, on a provisionally secular basis, was connected with the Central School by the Trustees (Rev. J. Lamont, Dr. Stewart and Dr. Eitel) after much hesitation, as Mr. Lamont and Dr. Eitel naturally insisted that a Scholarship commemorating the famous pioneer of Christian Missions in China should not be established on an exclusively secular basis. But Dr. Stewart again proved inexorable and a compromise was effected to avoid litigation. Among the Schools under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, one undenominational School (Victoria English Boys) is mentioned, taught by Mr. Huulon and attended by 48 boys. It received a Grant of $84. The total amount of Grants-in-Aid paid by the Government for the year 1874 amounted to $1,391.50 or $2.20 per scholar enrolled. The net cost of the Government Schools amounted to $14,585.32 or $18.32 per scholar enrolled at the Central School and $3.59 in the outside Schools.\n\n## 1875\n\nThe Diocesan Home and Orphanage School, under the tuition of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur had, during the year 1875, an increased attendance of 23 boys and 13 girls,", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 348665, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "page_number": 398, "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "content_text": "## MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nIn 1875, the Diocesan Home and Orphanage School, costing $4,500, received a special Grant of $100 from the Government. St. John's Cathedral Sunday School was attended by 46 boys and 31 girls. The Colonial Chaplain's night classes appear to have been discontinued. The C. M. S. Chinese School at St. Stephens had an attendance of 75 boys and cost $2,400. As to the Baxter Schools, under the direction of Miss Oxlad, the Staunton Street School was attended by 56 girls and cost $160; the Taipingshan School numbered 58 girls, costing $216; a Second Taipingshan School, attended by 28 girls, cost likewise $216; and the Saigingpun School, attended by 44 girls, cost $180. At the Berlin Foundling House School as many as 40 girls were under Miss Schroeder's instruction during this year. The Basel Mission School had an average attendance of 2 boys and 58 girls (boarders) and cost $852. The two London Mission Schools at Wantsai and Taipingshan had an aggregate attendance of 120 boys, and cost $362.\n\nAmong the Roman Catholic Schools, St. Saviour's College now disappears from the records, the Christian Brothers of the Order of St. Joseph having, in 1875, substituted for it three Schools, viz. one in Pottinger Street, attended by 110 boys (under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, still retaining the name St. Saviour's Day School), and two separate Schools in Wellington Street, one of which had an attendance of 24 and the other of 25 boys.\n\nThe cost of these three Schools amounted to $2,880 (of which sum $240 were recouped by fees and $144 by the Grant earned under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme). The Propaganda Society still continued its Seminary with 12 students, costing $600, and its Spring Gardens School, attended by 28 boys, at a cost of $120. The Reformatory, now under the management of the Christian Brothers, had 45 boys under instruction at a cost of $750, but received a Government Grant of $50 a month. The Italian Sisters now divided their Schools among 3 different localities. In Caine Road (Convent) they continued their Boys School, attended by 45 boys (under 10 years of age) at a cost of $600. In Hollywood Road, they had an English School attended by 28 girls, and a Portuguese School of 20 girls, the two Schools costing $600. At Spring Gardens (St. Joseph's Street) they continued their former Boys School of 20 children, and their Girls School of 52 children, at an aggregate cost of $780. The Sisters of the Asile de la Sainte Enfance conducted a Chinese Boys School of 20 and a Chinese Girls School of 125 children.\n\nIt will be seen from the foregoing statistics that in 1875 there were (apart from the Cathedral Sunday School) 517 children (220 boys and 297 girls) attending Protestant Schools, and 492 children (319 boys and 173 girls) attending Roman Catholic Schools. The activity of the ladies among the Protestant Missions is now becoming conspicuous, and there was great need for it, for female education was everywhere in the Colony in a very backward condition.\n\nThe Government Schools, 30 in number, were attended, during the year 1875, by 1927 scholars (1747 boys and 180 girls), costing $18,695.99, the cost per scholar being $20.44 at the Central School, $8.45 in the outside Government Schools, and $3.60 in the Aided Village Schools. During the same year the Government spent, on account of 679 scholars (430 boys and 249 girls) in 9 Grant-in-Aid Schools, the sum of $1,451.00 or $2.19 per scholar. In his report for the year 1875, Dr. Stewart now urges the separation of the offices of Inspector of Schools and Headmaster, on the ground that in the Inspectorate alone there is now ample scope for one man's energies.\n\n## MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\nIn 1876, St. Paul's College School was reopened by Bishop Burdon and placed under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, having an attendance of 102 Chinese and European boys under the tuition of Mr. A. J. May. The Diocesan Home and Orphanage School, under Mr. and Mrs. Arthur, had, during the year 1876, an attendance of 24 boys and 12 girls (all boarders), costing $1,500. It received from Government a special grant of $100. At the Sunday School of St. John's Cathedral 25 boys and 16 girls were in weekly attendance. The Church Mission conducted two Chinese Boys Schools, viz., the former St. Stephen's School attended by 72 boys and costing $180, and a new School in Queen's Road West, Saiyingpun, attended by 53 boys, costing $240. There were still four Baxter Schools. One of them, the Baxter Memorial School, was conducted in a new building, erected in 1876 by public subscriptions on the premises of the Church Mission at St. Stephen's (Taipingshan).\n\n| School | Attendance | Cost |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Baxter Memorial School | 63 girls | $108 |\n| Staunton Street School | 54 girls | $325 |\n| Taipingshan School | 38 girls | $168 |\n| Sayingpun School | 35 girls | $192 |\n\nThe London Mission Schools at Wantsai and Taipingshan were attended by an aggregate of 152 Chinese boys, and cost $250. The Basel Mission School, attended by 5 boys and 65 girls, cost $930, and a Branch School at Shankiwan was attended by 17 boys and 5 girls, costing $132. In the Berlin Foundling House School, 42 girls were under the instruction of Miss Schroeder.\n\nAs to Roman Catholic Schools, St. Joseph's College, under the direction of Brothers Hidulph, Bernard, Edmund, Adolphus, and Anthony, now took the place of the former St. Saviour's College. It was attended by 169 boys and cost $2,000, but it was not, like St. Saviour's Day School, under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, and it was attended only by non-Chinese scholars. For the benefit of Chinese scholars, Mr. J. W. Terry opened in 1876 an English School, attended by 15 scholars and costing $500. The Propaganda Society continued its former institutions, the Seminary under Father Longo with 10 students costing $400, the Wellington Street Chinese School, with 39 boys, under Mr. J. Leang, costing $200, and the Spring Gardens Boys School with 32 boys, under Mr. Leang, costing $100. The Reformatory School, under the tuition of Brothers Istrid, Peter, and T. Achin, attended by 31 boys, received a Government grant of $50 a month and cost the Christian Brothers $199 (per mensem?). A new Roman Catholic Girls School was opened this year by Mrs. Hanlon under the name Victoria Girls School, with 34 girls, and admitted to the privileges of the Grant-in-Aid Scheme (22 June, 1877) under the management of Mr. J. J. dos Remedios. This School appears to have taken the place of the Italian Convent Schools, for the only School under the direction of the Italian Sisters during this year was the Girls School at Spring Gardens under Sisters Tresser and Josephs, who had 34 girls under instruction, at a cost of $1,400, but they received from Government a special grant of $10 a month. The French Sisters of the Asile de la Sainte Enfance had 1 boy and 121 Chinese girls under instruction.\n\nLeaving out of consideration the Cathedral Sunday School and Mr. Hanlon's Victoria Boys School (which was still nominally a secular School under Mr. Ryrie's management) there were, during the year 1876, 739 scholars (425 boys and 314 girls) under regular instruction in Protestant Schools and 489 scholars (300 boys and 189 girls) in Catholic Schools.\n\nThe Government Schools were attended by 2,171 scholars (1,958 boys and 213 girls), costing $18,524, the cost per scholar being $18.50 at the Central School, $7.30 at the outside Government Schools, and $3.24 in the Aided Village Schools. On 11 Grant-in-Aid Schools (viz. 1 Secular, 1 Catholic, and 9 Protestant Schools) with 751 scholars, the Government further spent $1,697, or $2.12 per scholar. The withdrawal of St. Joseph's College (St. Saviour's) from the Grant-in-Aid Scheme is noted.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 348666, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "page_number": 399, "title": "CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4]", "content_text": "# MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN HONGKONG.\n\n## 48\n\nGrant-in-Aid Schemes expressed the dissatisfaction generally felt, by Protestants as well as Catholics, with the sacrifice of principle which the ultra-secular character of the Scheme demanded of Missionary School-managers. Dr. Stewart now proposed, in order to retain at least the Protestant Mission Schools under the Scheme, to raise the values of passes and to give a capitation grant on the basis of the average attendance.\n\n1877. St. Paul's College School, under the tuition of Mr. A. J. May, was continued, during the year 1877, with an attendance of 183 boys, under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme. This was probably the highest attendance the School ever had. The Diocesan Home and Orphanage School, under Mr. and Mrs. Arthur, was this year also placed by Bishop Burdon under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, attended by 33 boys and 15 girls, costing $4500. The institution received from Government its usual grant of $100 and the School moreover earned a grant of $226. St. John's Cathedral Sunday School was attended by 35 boys and 16 girls. The two Chinese Schools of the Church Mission, at St. Stephen's and at Suiyingpun, were attended by an aggregate of 175 boys, costing $622. The four Baxter Schools, whose expenses were up to the preceding year defrayed by the Baxter family, were now entirely provided for by the Female Education Society. They had, under the superintendence of Miss Oxlad, now assisted by Miss Johnstone, an aggregate attendance of 243 Chinese girls and cost $962. At the Berlin Foundling House, 40 girls were under Miss Schroeder's instruction, and a branch school was opened in High Street by Mr. Wong Chim, but the attendance is not recorded. The Basel Mission had three Schools at work, during this year, under the Rev. G. Reuach, who thenceforth was most energetic in promoting the educational interests of this Mission. The Girls School had an attendance of 51 girls (all boarders), costing $770, the new Boys School had 35 scholars costing $158, and the Shaukiwan School costing $117 was attended by 13 boys and 4 girls. The two London Mission Schools had an aggregate attendance of 110 Chinese boys in Wantsui and Taipingshan, and cost $370.\n\nSt. Joseph's College, under Brother Hidalph assisted by 6 Brothers of the Order, had an attendance of 198 scholars and cost $3,200. The Italian Convent Schools, having been re-organized, were now divided into a Young Ladies Boarding School with 22 scholars, a Boys Day School with 20 scholars, a Girls Day School with 115 scholars, an Orphan School with 136 girls, an Infant School with 39 girls and a School for the Blind with 7 girls under instruction. The cost of the whole institution is given as amounting to $6,000, but how much of this sum is purely educational expenditure is not recorded. The Propaganda Society continued its four Schools, viz. the Seminary with 10 students under the instruction of Bishop Raimondi, an Anglo-Chinese School with 32 boys under Mr. L. Leung, a Chinese School (in Wellington Street) with 34 boys under Mr. T. Leang, and the Spring Gardens Chinese School with 23 scholars under Mr. A. Leang. These four Schools cost the Society $1,810. The Industrial Schools of the Reformatory, under Brother Isfried and two Assistants, were attended by 61 boys and cost $4,600. The former Government grant appears now to have been withdrawn. At Spring Gardens, the Italian Sisters continued their two Day Schools (connected with the Hospitium of St. Joseph), attended by 10 boys and 33 girls under the instruction of Sister Galli and 2 Assistants. These Schools cost $800. The French Sisters of the Asile de la sainte Enfance had 4 boys and 130 girls under instruction and received from Government a donation of $720. Mr. Ryrie having resigned (27th April, 1877) the managership of Mr. Hanlon's Secular School, this School (Victoria Boys School) now came under Roman Catholic management, through Mr. J. J. dos Remedios, together with Mrs. Hanlon's Girls School (Victoria English Girls School) and a new Portuguese School started by the Misses Remedios. These three Schools had an aggregate attendance of 66 boys and 68 girls.\n\n## 49\n\nNot counting the attendances of the Cathedral Sunday School, we find that in the year 1877 the Roman Catholic Schools once more outstripped their Protestant competitors in educational energy, there being 1001 scholars (481 boys and 540 girls) under instruction in Roman Catholic Schools and 864 scholars (501 boys and 353 girls) in Protestant Schools.\n\n| Category | Number of Scholars | Boys | Girls | Cost |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Government Schools | 2148 | 1891 | 257 | $19,137 |\n| Grant-in-Aid Schools | 998 | ... | ... | $3,753 |\n\nIn the Government Schools 2148 scholars (1891 boys and 257 girls) were enrolled at a cost of $19,137, the cost per scholar on the roll being $15.87 at the Central School, $7.55 in the outside Schools and $4.25 in the Aided Village Schools. On 998 Protestant and Catholic scholars in 14 Grant-in-Aid Schools the Government further spent $3,753 or $3.78 per scholar. In his report for the year 1877, the last of Dr. Stewart's regime as Head of the Education Department, Dr. Stewart referred to the amendments made in the Grant-in-Aid Scheme (by raising the monetary value of passes) and remarked that the knowledge that the Amended Scheme was to contain more advantageous terms than the Original Scheme acted as a powerful stimulus to both Managers and Masters and the results were very satisfactory. No wonder: the value of a pass in the lowest Standard in purely Chinese Schools ($2 at the present day) had been raised from $2 to $5.\n\nBut this very increase of the value of passes in the lowest kind of Schools called forth renewed complaints on the part of Protestant and Catholic Managers who had Schools of a higher grade to bring under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme but were deterred from doing so by the determination of the Government to force all Schools accepting State Aid into the strait-jacket of an exclusively secular Grant-in-Aid Scheme. Among the protests put forth against the secular system adopted by the Government was a pamphlet published by an anonymous Roman Catholic author, entitled 'Dates and Events connected with the history (1857 to 1877) of education in Hongkong. Hongkong, 1877.' Another anonymous pamphlet, 'The Central School-Can it justify its raison d'être,' probably by the same writer, argued that the Government should confine itself to provide elementary Schools for the education of the poor and leave the well-to-do middle classes to pay for the education of their children in higher grade Voluntary Schools. The writer urged the adoption of a policy which would give more scope to a liberal Grant-in-Aid Scheme instead of turning the Government into a schoolmaster.\n\nAll the flaws of the Grant-in-Aid Scheme referred to in the above pages were eagerly taken notice of by the newly-arrived Governor Sir John Pope Hennessy, and when Dr. Stewart left the Colony on furlough, early in 1878, the offices of Headmaster and Inspector were separated and an advocate of 'secular education for Government Schools and religious education for Missionary Schools' was appointed Inspector of Schools and Head of the Education Department. The Grant-in-Aid Scheme was now, with the approval of the Secretary of State, stripped of both its elementary and secular character, simply by striking out the words elementary and secular wherever they occurred in the Code. The limit of 20 scholars in attendance was also abolished, and Building Grant regulations were added. Otherwise the Scheme was left as it stood. The effect was very great. When Dr. Stewart retired from the Inspectorate of Schools, in March 1878, there were 12 Mission Schools and 2 Catholic Private Schools under the Grant-in-Aid Scheme, with a total of 996 scholars. The revised Scheme came into force in 1879, and in 1880 there were 27 Mission Schools (4 of which were Catholic) with 1,808 scholars under the Scheme.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-254 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 349228, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-255 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [5-7]", "page_number": 180, "title": "CO129-255 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [5-7]", "content_text": "179\n\nexpenses; that the vote of $72 per annum for messenger in the Ecclesiastical Department will cease forthwith; and that the Sexton and Clerk carrying out the duties of Messenger will continue to be paid as the post continues to be held by the present occupant.\n\nWith regard to the vote of $72 for Messenger, the Trustees desire to point out that so far as they know the payment of this money was discontinued for a Messenger when the Reverend Mr. Taverner, who was acting for Colonial Chaplain, left the Colony last year, but it appears it was made between the Government and the sexton for the payment of money to him for services rendered in connection with the burials in the Colonial Protestant Cemetery, which is the property of the Government, and to which the sexton is attached. This, however, is a subject which does not seem to come within the province of the Church Body.\n\n3. With reference to the grant of $600 which is offered for spiritual ministrations to the Gaol Hospital, the Trustees, after very careful consideration, regret that they cannot consider the amount as very adequate for the services expected from the Chaplain.\n\n4. The Trustees desire to invite attention to the emoluments which the Government thought right to provide for the services of the Colonial Chaplain before his office was abolished. In the Government Estimates for 1891, the Chaplain's salary is put down at $5,184 per annum, with $288 for conveyance, that is, a total of $5,472.\n\nPage 180 \nPage 181", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-255 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [5-7].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 373741, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12]", "page_number": 471, "title": "CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12]", "content_text": "SOA\n\n2\n\nSince this remarkable statement was penned, more than twenty-five years have passed. Has the Roman Catholic church in the meantime learned a lesson? No. Glorying in her immutability she remains semper eadem.\n\nSome time ago the RECORDER depicted vividly the outrages at Kho-khoi, perpetrated by a certain Chau A-ming and his followers. The account given was from the able pen of Dr. Ashmore. Last year a paper dealing with a similar subject, and written from Swatow by Mr. McKibben, appeared in the same journal. If I am not mistaken Mr. Ross, of Moukden, has published elsewhere an account of startling facts regarding the wrong doings of the Catholics in Manchuria; and Bishop Moule, in reviewing a French book, has lately uttered in the North-China Herald bitter complaints of mischief done by the Catholics in his diocese. In all these cases, where the mischief wrought by the Catholics was so palpable, the priests made common cause with the Christians and supported them in their insubordination against the Chinese authorities. No wonder that the animosity of the people, already deep, grows into a hatred, which at length finds vent in a paroxysm of violence.\n\nIn the Shing-shai-ngai (words of warning to a prosperous people) a Mr. Cheng Knan-ying takes no pains to conceal his hatred of Christianity. He says: \"Since Christianity has been established in China, the protection it has secured by treaty for its converts is used to screen wicked and infamous men from justice. Many enter the church for the express purpose of developing their nefarious schemes under her protecting banner, and the missionaries aid them in their evil designs.\" Mr. Cheng is, however, careful to discriminate between the Protestant and Catholic branches of the church. The former he absolves from the wholesale condemnation of his strictures, even citing as missionary authors worthy of commendation Dr. Allen, Dr. Fryer, Dr. Faber and the Rev. Timothy Richard.*\n\nThis policy of \"screening wicked and infamous men under the protecting banner\" of the church is much to be deplored by everyone who is really solicitous for the welfare of the church; and the fact itself cannot be gainsaid. The eighteen provinces of China echo with the complaints to which it gives rise. Protestant missionaries have learned to reckon with it; and the great conference at Shanghai in 1901 will have to define its position in regard to this policy. In the meantime missionaries ought to collect the facts which have come to their knowledge and have them published in the RECORDER. Public opinion must be aroused and a storm of indignation awakened against the dark deeds of men who endanger the cause of true Christianity, and on account of whom the name of God is blasphemed among the gentiles.\n\n3\n\nHitherto I have refrained from publishing anything on the subject because more pressing duties lay heavy upon me. At the same time I hoped that English and American brethren, whom I knew to be in possession of a great many facts throwing light on the question, would tell us something about their experiences with the disciples of Loyola. At length, however, the atrocities committed by so-called Catholics in this part of China have been of such a nature that it is quite impossible to keep silent.\n\nIf I were to publish the material gathered by me within the last three years, it would almost fill a volume; but it is not my intention to go back to certain things now past. I only want to call attention to a case which happened quite lately in our Mission.\n\nThe centre of the Rhenish Missionary Society in China is at Tung-kun, a yuen city of considerable size. In this city our Mission is represented by two ordained missionaries, two medical missionaries and one single lady missionary. More than ten years ago we opened medical work there, which has enlarged year by year, and is now doing a widespread good to the densely populated district.\n\nThe people of Tung-kun do not bear a good reputation. They are known to be very lawless and riotous, and caused considerable trouble to the authorities at Hongkong when the hinterland of that colony was ceded or leased to Great Britain.\n\nThe Catholic church has lately made great advances amongst certain classes of Tung-kun people. Veteran robbers, beyond the pale of law, and amateurs in intrigue, have sought a refuge in this church in order to create disorders. For years we have had much friction with them, which has been patiently borne by us and our people. The worst we ever encountered happened two months ago at Pak-kong, a large village up the east river, belonging to the Tsang-shing district, but bordering closely on the Tung-kun district, in which our main work lies.\n\nIt was on the 29th of July that some inquirers at Pak-kong very early called on the Rev. Franz Zahn, who is at present the missionary in charge of Tung-kun, to ask his help. They told him that a gang of robbers, several hundreds in number, had on the previous night quite suddenly surrounded their village and blocked up all the entrances. This done, the gang led by a French priest,\n\n468", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 373743, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12]", "page_number": 473, "title": "CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12]", "content_text": "eap\n\nstirred to sedition and led out unto the wilderness the four thou\n\nsand men that were murderers ?” than was Mr. Zahn at this question. But this was not enough! The priest knew further that these five hundred men were concealed in the neighbourhood, and he had certain information that these same men were led by Mr. Zahn himself and that it was intended to make an inroad on Pak-kong that might in order to perpetuate the hideous crimes which they had already concocted. Mr. Zahn on hearing this story, so ingenious and complete a turning upside down of the real state of things, might well, if his hands had not been bound, have used them to rub his own eyes and so convince himself that he was not dreaming. Under the circumstances, however, he could only express his astonishment in words, telling the priest that he, Mr. Zahn, neither went to Canton, nor was authorized by the German Consul to play the part of a captain of robbers, and that the thought of making a hostile inroad upon a peaceful village like Pak-kong, in order to murder a Catholic priest or Chinese Catholics or rob, never entered his mind. Though the priest seemed a little put out of countenance, upon hearing Mr. Zahn defend himself, his face resumed its scornful expression as soon as he heard the surrounding Chinese telling him that Mr. Zahn was an impudent liar, who was not worth listening to. Finally he asked his prisoner whether he would promise to disband his followers and prevent them from attacking his, the French priest's, people; then he would loose him from his chains. Mr. Zahn told him that he could not do this since the band of robbers spoken of was purely imaginary.\n\nAfter a little while Mr. Zahn was released from his fetters. The priest gave him, instead of his own wholly tattered, blood-stained garments, a suit of Chinese clothes. He was also desirous to get some food for Mr. Zahn and his companion, but said that he would cause him to be fettered again if the attack he spoke of was carried into effect. The terror of the priest, who seemed to really believe Mr. Zahn to be a captain of robbers, seemed almost contemptible to his prisoner. Since he seemed to be not more than about twenty-five years old, Mr. Zahn excused him for not knowing that the weapons of Protestant missions were not swords, pistols or cannon balls, of which last he saw one lying in the chapel! No doubt it was merely a means of self-defence, as were also the gun and sword with which this priest was armed! The Chinese who spoke to him on bended knees had filled his mind with these evil stories, and he in child-like innocence believed all they said! They also accused Mr. Zahn of having severely wounded two men at the time of his arrest. The priest was foolish enough to believe this also. He ordered Mr. Zahn to pay an indemnity, but finding that all his money had been stolen, he commanded him to write a letter to Dr. Kuhne at Tung-kun and to ask that $20 be paid! Mr. Zahn did as he was bidden, in order to get his people at Tang-kun informed of his whereabouts and his helpless condition. Afterwards he examined the two persons reported as hurt, and ascertained that they suffered from old wounds, certainly not caused by any kicks administered by him. When he invited them to bring these two sufferers to their hospital at Tang-kun, where they would be treated by their doctor, \n\nHe was received the answer that this was impracticable. told why.\n\nnot\n\nMeanwhile the night drew on. No evening prayers were held as is the practice in Protestant chapels. The fierce-looking men with their arms, squatting on the floor, the remnants of the beasts butchered en masse and the sentries set on watch here and there all reminded Mr. Zahn of a den of robbers rather than of a Christian chapel. Before he went to rest the priest examined the sentries and asked: \"All ready\"?\n\nMr. Zahn was directed to sleep on a Chinese bed, while his fellow-sufferer had to spend the whole night on a stool, with a heavy chain around his neck. A sentry was posted at Mr. Zahn's side, with strict orders to kill him as soon as the \"Protestant robbers\" came in sight.\n\nWhat else happened that evening—the conversation between the priest and his prisoner, the diabolical calumnies alleged by the Chinese against Mr. Zahn (the priest himself did not blush to allege in the presence of these villains that the Protestant church was an institution full of immorality and obscenity)—of these we will say no more.\n\nThe next morning was Sunday. The priest who seemed to be in more complete possession of his senses than he was on the night before, became distinctly more friendly. He asked his prisoner how he slept, and what he wanted to eat. Finally he told him that he was at liberty to go home, but that his companion, who, he said was a most pestilent fellow, was to stay in bonds. It was not until Mr. Zahn emphatically declared that he would not leave the place without his companion, that the latter also was unfettered and allowed to go where he liked. Sunday evening both arrived completely exhausted at Tung-kun, where the whole community was in a state of alarm at the frightful reports that were current, and full of anxiety for Mr. Zahn's safety.\n\nPère Julien remained three days longer at Pak-kong and did not move a finger to hinder his people from taking away the entire harvest, not only of Pak-kong, but also of the adjacent village fields. The houses of the Protestant converts and inquirers have\n\nPage 470", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 373745, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12]", "page_number": 475, "title": "CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12]", "content_text": "cording to the law. In his reply to the governor, of which I obtained a copy through the German Consul, the magistrate of Tsang-shing, with whom we have no relations at all, confirms the truth of the whole story as I have told above, adding that the Catholic Christians of Pak-kong and neighbourhood are known to be lawless people, always bent on mischief. He even goes so far as to call their teacher (a Chinese) \"a chief of evil doers, an originator of calamities.\"* The Protestant Christians of that district,\" he goes on to say, \"were, so far as he knew them, a law-abiding people, mostly consisting of farmers and shopkeepers, not daring to cause disturbances or to act wrongly.\"†\n\nNevertheless the Chinese government remains inactive. The evil doers escape unpunished. More than that; they are allowed to pursue their nefarious activities. No one dares to attack them, because they are screened under \"the protecting banner\" of the church, or rather of France.\n\nIn his memorial presented to the governor, the magistrate mentions the fact that most of the evil doers being Tung-kau people, belong to the jurisdiction of his colleague, the magistrate of Tang-kau. This man knows the individual names of the evil doers and could deal with them one by one. He has been ordered by the governor and entreated by Mr. Zahn to arrest them. All in vain. He would be the last to do it, since he himself, though a heathen, is so entirely in the hands of the Catholics. His secretary, by whose help he obtained part of the money to buy his post, is a \"Catholic.\" Some time ago this man was guilty of embezzlement as a lottery office keeper in Canton. Prosecuted by the governor, he fled to the Catholics, and was accepted by them. Now he is, as I have said, secretary to the Tang-kon magistrate, and carries out his exactions under the \"banner\" of the church. Part of the gentry of Tang-kan applied the other day to the governor at Canton to put this man on his trial as a prisoner. All in vain. Screened by the church he is unassailable, though he has been, and still is, one of the vilest of characters. Since this man is known to be acting in concert with some of the inmates of the Catholic chapel at Tung-kun, it is not to be wondered at that the magistrate dares to remain inactive; but I hope the last word has not yet been spoken. Though we are obliged to put upon ourselves some kind of restriction on account of the undesired rapprochement between Germany and France, we trust that power enough is left in the hands of our Consul to insist that the terms agreed upon shall be carried out effectively, the more so since the French Consul has given him the explicit assurance that the engagements entered into shall be fulfilled.\n\n* G*. \n\n†十白红腿音教民或淼店營生或脂为您漿大箾安分未敢滋事為非\n\nEnclosure 1.\n\nBEWEEN ROMAN QUARRELS \n\nCATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT \n\nMISSIONS.\n\n(Daily Press, 11st September, 1899.) The keen animosity that prevails between Roman Catholics and Protestants in China, and the attempts made by rival factions of Natives to secure the support of the missionaries in their local disputes and clan fights, are calculated to raise a crop of serious difficulties. From various parts of the country accounts come to hand from time to time of fights between the adherents of the two forms of the Christian religion, and with the growth of Christian communities in numbers, power, and influence, we may eventually see something in the nature of a pseudo-religious war break out, if the missionaries cannot succeed in controlling their congregations better than they seem to be able to do at present.\n\nThe Ostasiatische Lloyd in a recent number published a remarkable story of an occurrence almost on the borders of our own colony, namely, in the Tungkan district, which has a direct bearing upon this question. The story is prefaced by a few remarks to the effect that the disorder in Kwangsung exercises a prejudicial influence upon the peaceable development of the missions in the South, that mixed up in the disturbances are found Christians who, as so often happens in Kwangtung, try to make political and personal gain out of their religion, and that in quarrels not infrequently the hangers on of the Catholics are to be found on the one side and those of the Protestants on the other.\n\nThe narrative of the particular occurrence in question has reached our contemporary in a fragmentary form and with what are evidently bold embellishments, but the editor has heard something of the other side of the case and endeavours to hold the scales fairly. It is stated that on Saturday, the 28th July, Herr FRANZ ZAHN, a Rhenish missionary stationed in Tungkun, was informed by a few of the local Christians that the village of Pak-kung, an out-station of the mission, had been attacked by a band of some three hundred men under the direction of the French priest, Father JULIEN, during the night, and had been plundered. Herr ZAHN, to whom the statement seemed incredible, immediately set out for the place, accompanied by an evangelist, to ascertain the facts. On his arrival at Pakkung he was immediately surrounded by a band of some twenty men armed with swords, pistols, and knives, who threw him to the ground and robbed him, the clothes being torn off his back. The evangelist fared no better. Herr ZAHN was then dragged into the Catholic chapel, bound hand and foot, his neck was loaded with a heavy steel chain, and he was thus placed before Father JULIEN. The latter, holding a gun in his left hand and with his fist raised, sprang towards Herr ZAHN, and seemed to be directing the people, so that Herr ZAHN took him for the head robber. In the presence of this man Herr ZAHN was also beaten and derided. To the question why he had come there Herr ZAHN made answer that he wished to visit and speak with Father JULIEN, \"That is he,\" said all, pointing to the leader.\n\n\"We must omit,\" says the Ostasiatische Lloyd, \"what took place between the two Europeans. Our authority was not present at the interview and to avoid misunderstanding we must confine ourselves to what was reported to him.\" This apparently cautious statement throws suspicion on the whole narrative, for it is evidently founded on hearsay through Chinese at that, for he. Herr Zahn being the original authority he would have been able to report the conversation. However, passing over the interview, the narrative goes on to say that on Sunday morning, after they had been compelled to sign a document which they afterwards learnt was a statement that they parted in peace, Herr ZAHN and his companion were released, and almost dead with fatigue they arrived back at Tungkun. The matter has since been represented to the German Consulate.\n\nOur contemporary's authority continues:-\"It is high time something was done. The French priests carry themselves as if they were already lords of Kwangtung, and they will take advantage of the weakness of the Chinese Government to further strengthen their position. The latter knows too well what is going on to be ignorant of the priests with arms threatening not only Chinese life and property, but also the Protestant missionaries.\"\n\nFrom another source the Ostasiatische Lloyd learns that Father JULIEN afterwards explained that it was correct that he had become involved in a disturbance, but stated that he was not opposed to Herr ZAHN, as the latter seemed to assume, and that when he sprang forward at the time of their interview it was for the purpose of appeasing the mob and restraining them from outrage. Our contemporary continues:-\"In any case a searching enquiry by the German authorities will be necessary. Father JULIEN afterwards excused himself to Herr ZAHN and stated that the Protestants would be compensated by the Catholic mission for their actual losses. Also it seems that Father JULIEN is shortly leaving Pakkung for another district, and that he had only gone there a few months before in compliance with a request from people who, it transpired, lived in contention with their neighbours and were desirous of securing the aid of the Catholic mission.\" Such is the information concerning this remarkable case furnished by our Shanghai German contemporary.\n\nNo one will for a moment believe that the Roman Catholic priest was in any way personally responsible for the outrages to which Herr ZAHN was subjected, and if the latter, as alleged, signed a document stating that they parted in peace it is incredible that he would do so in ignorance of its contents. So far therefore as the personal relations of Father JULIEN and Herr ZAHN are concerned no complaint seems to lie against the former. The incident, however, affords an indication of a peculiar and important movement that is going on in China, but one which does not often obtrude itself on the notice of foreign residents and which is therefore not likely to receive the attention it deserves. All over China the assistance of the missionaries is in request for political and pecuniary reasons, and keen rivalry exists between the Protestants and Roman Catholics. It is only occasionally that such a state of affairs is brought into prominence, but this happens occasionally, when such incidents as that at Pakking are recorded, and it was only the other day that Bishops of the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches were engaged in a newspaper controversy at Shanghai respecting the rights and wrongs of a quarrel between their respective adherents in one of the districts in which the clergy of both Churches are at work.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 388709, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-317 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [4-6]", "page_number": 216, "title": "CO129-317 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [4-6]", "content_text": "## Distribution of Relief at Ts'am Chau\n\nDistribution 18 and among those missed by the Chinese at Ts'am Chau is done in three ways. (1) There is the official relief fund, to which the Governor of Kwang Sai, Wong Chi Chun, has promised a contribution of 1,000 piculs, towards which he has already paid down $2,000. The Prefect, Chong Tso Ke, has contributed $1,000, and the district magistrate, Chau Shiu Lim, 700 taels. This fund is intended primarily for relief only inside the city of Ts'am Chau, and is administered by means of the Po Kap Kuk, or tithings (10 families). Each head of a tithing reports those who are destitute among the ten families under his supervision; the man so reported is given a ticket by the Po Kap Kuk, for which he obtains rice at the rate of 3 oz. a day, i.e., he is given 15 oz. of rice, as the distribution is made once in five days in the Temple of Literature. The fault in this system is that it can relieve only those who are householders in Ts'am Chau; moreover, certain shopkeepers, who, owing to the suspension of trade, are absolutely starving, can obtain nothing, as the gentry will not believe in their indigence. The pawnshops have been closed in Ts'am Chau all this year, and I can see no signs of any business being done even on the market days.\n\n(2) The Fa-ti-pau, who is himself a poor man, makes a daily distribution of rice at the likin station, giving an ounce of rice to all starving people who come to the station, but the relief does not reach far, as the Fa-ti-pau cannot afford to issue large quantities of rice.\n\n(3) The Cantonese merchants resident in Ts'am Chau have subscribed a sum of $2,000 which has been sent down here to purchase rice. This rice is intended for distribution in the market towns, i.e., in the countryside, not in the city. But the rice has not yet arrived, and therefore relief has not as yet commenced.\n\n## Meeting with the Governor of Kwong Sai\n\nThis morning I visited the Governor of Kwong Sai, who handed me the appended list of famine-stricken districts in this prefecture.* His Excellency informed me that in his opinion the district which is suffering most of all is Nanning, and that the area of distress extends from Nanning the whole length of the West River to N'am Pong. Whatever is to be done must be done without delay, otherwise the people for whom relief is intended will be dead. His Excellency promised every assistance to measures taken by the Hong-kong community for famine relief.\n\n## Telegram to Your Excellency\n\nAccordingly, I sent to Your Excellency this morning the following telegram: - \"Arrived Ts'am Chau. Seen Governor Wong Chi Chun promises assistance. Famine work here in hands of Fee. Required for immediate continuance of work $550, which pay to account Fee, Hongkong Shanghai Bank. Relief needed till next harvest, and July. Estimate rice required Ts'am Chau district till then 1,350 piculs. Convert all contributions into rice and forward to Wuchow. Arranging for transmission from Wuchow up West River. Proceed Kwai Yun to-morrow.\"\n\n## Request for Information on Relief Fund\n\nIt will be a great assistance to me if Your Excellency will kindly telegraph to me at Nanning the amount of money at which the Hongkong relief fund is estimated, for any suggestions that I can make must be based upon the sum of money available for use. But as far as I can now see, it will be handy if we are able to establish three distributing centres at N'am Peng, Ts'am Chau, and at Kwai Yun. I will report later on N'am Peng and Kwai Yun, and also on Nanning, though I do not consider that it is probable that Nanning can be relieved from Hongkong owing to the delays of transport by junk from Kwai Yun up the West River. As far as Kwai Yun, steam transport is available. The companies which run launches are Chinese-owned and their headquarters are, I believe, at Wuchow. I am writing to Mr Fox to suggest that he should urge these companies to grant free transport for rice forwarded from Hongkong and would venture to suggest that Your Excellency should approach the Viceroy at Canton in this matter. Rice should also be duty-free. I mentioned both these matters to H.E. Wong Chi Chun, who said he would do what he could, but that the authority did not rest in him.\n\n## Distribution Arrangements\n\nDistribution at Ts'am Chau has been so excellently organised by Mr Fee that I cannot but recommend that he should be placed in charge of this distributing centre. Mr Jaffray is leaving to-morrow for Wuchow to arrange for missionary workers at any centres established, and also to endeavour to arrange the question of transport from Wochow up river.\n\nThe Chinese officials should be requested to provide at each distributing centre - (1) free quarters for the distributors, (2) a suitable place in which the distribution shall take place, (3) kitchen fittings for the cooking of rice gruel in large quantities, (4) free delivery of rice from the rice boats by coolies at the place of distribution or kitchen. They should also issue a proclamation in the distributing centres and country round about, notifying the distribution which is to be made by the Hongkong relief fund.\n\n## Next Steps\n\nI leave to-morrow morning at 6 am, for Kwai Yun by launch, and will report further after I have seen what is the condition of affairs there. I would urge that no time should be lost in sending rice up to Wuchow, and that in any case the distribution at Ts'am Chau should not be permitted to cease for lack of funds.\n\nI am,\nYour Excellency's obedient servant,\nC. CLEMENTI.\n\n*The number of starving people in the Famine District of Kwei-Ping is as follows: -\n\n| District | Number of People |\n| --- | --- |\n| Within the city and suburbs | 2,644 |\n| Daily going to the Protestant Church for food | about 3,500 |\n\nThe following is the approximate number of people in various districts at present requiring relief: -\n\n| District | Number of People |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1. Wing-Wo-Li on the West and South banks | about 14,000 |\n| 2. Upper and lower Shung-Keung-Li | about 13,600 |\n| 3. Kwan-Ling Li | about 14,500 |\n| 4. Nos. 1, 2 and 3 Hau-Luk-Li | about 2,410 |\n| 5. Sheung-To-Li, near the river banks | about 1,100 |\n| 6. Sheung-Shau-Li | about 10,700 |\n| 7. Sun-yat-Li near the river banks | about 9,000 |\n| 8. Kut-yee-Li near the river banks | about 12,000 |\n| 9. Chung-shan-Li | about 14,000 |\n| 10. Chiu-Li near the river banks | about 8,400 |\n| 11. Po Li | about 5,000 |\n\nThis gives a total of 150,000 people in a state of starvation in the various districts around Kwei-Ping. In other places where the famine is not of so serious a nature, rice is procurable at low rates.\n\nPage 2\nPage 212", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-317 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 392708, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-322 - Acting Governor May - 1904 [1-5]", "page_number": 727, "title": "CO129-322 - Acting Governor May - 1904 [1-5]", "content_text": "In compliance with instructions received, I met with Mrs. Stymain's wife (for she had sent word that she had come) today and produced the documents attached from Europe.\n\nThe only thing necessary to satisfy the requirements regarding her identity and the pension specified in the Settler's letter was to produce witnesses to the marriage.\n\nWhat steps ought to be taken to satisfy this? She stated that she would produce witnesses to the marriage.\n\nR.E.G. 30/8.\n\nTell her to write to her father-in-law and ask for a letter (to be produced to us) acknowledging her as his late son's wife, and tell her to get a statutory declaration made by one of the witnesses to the marriage that she was the person married to W. Stymain on 27 April 1901. JJR. 30/8.\n\nSo proceed, forwarding the enclosures. C.P.L. 31st on No. 2/9.\n\nHongkong, The 21st May, 1904.\n\nSir,\n\nNo. 17771 21629 723\n\n19:20 JUL 04\n\nGovernment House, Hongkong, 20th May, 1904.\n\nI have the honour to confirm my telegram of the 19th instant reporting the death of Mr. W. R. Seymour, Assistant Master at Queen's College.\n\n2. I regret to have to report also that the cause of death is certified as alcoholism by the Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital. I enclose a certified copy of Dr. Bell's report.\n\n3. The remains of Mr. Seymour were interred in the Protestant Cemetery on the 18th instant.\n\n4. I shall address you later regarding the appointment of a successor.\n\nTo THE RIGHT HONOURABLE ALFRED LYTTELTON, K.C., M.P., etc...\n\nI have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient humble servant,\n\nAmaz, Officer Administering the Government.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-322 - Acting Governor May - 1904 [1-5].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 397869, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905", "page_number": 359, "title": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905", "content_text": "## Section 3.-The River Journey from Samshui to Shao-chou-fu.\n\nThe \"Robin,\" commanded by Lieutenant and His Majesty's light draught gun-boat Commander R. E. Vaughan, R.N., left Samshui at 6 o'clock on the morning of the 6th July. As we turned out of the Sainum Creek into the North River, it was difficult to realize that the stretch of sluggish, muddy water before us, differing little in appearance from the typical delta creek, was to become later on a noble river forcing its way for over 200 miles through mountain ranges, and giving access, with its many tributaries, to the uttermost parts of northern Kuangtung.\n\nFor some miles above Samshui the banks continue low, the country being almost entirely devoted to the cultivation of the mulberry. The smoking brick-kilns which line the bank on both sides form the most striking feature of the landscape. These kilns supply the cities in the delta with bricks baked red, grey, and dark green—the latter the best quality—and tiles, both flat and fluted.\n\nSome 6 miles from its mouth the interesting Bamboo River unobtrusively joins the main stream. Rising in the but little known north-east corner of Kuang-si, the Bamboo River is one of the Pakkong's principal tributaries. It is said to be navigable for light-draught steamers for some distance up, but a shifting sandy bar at its mouth has so far deterred our gun-boats from exploring this picturesque stream. It is famous for the luxuriant bamboo groves which line the banks for upwards of 100 miles. The large market town of Shek-kou, at the entrance to the bamboo country, is the chief centre of trade in the district, and here the great rafts are put together which, dropping down to Canton and Fatshan through the narrow creeks in the delta, form a serious impediment to steam navigation on these waters. From the Bamboo River the cities of the delta derive their supplies of bamboo, that useful article which Chinese ingenuity has adapted to every conceivable use, till it has become part and parcel of their every-day life, and almost a national symbol.\n\nAt 10 o'clock we reached Lupao, a busy town on the right, i.e., east bank, 20 miles distant from Samshui, the seat of a big li-kin station. Launches run daily junks in summer, leads to Canton, distance approximately 45 miles. Almost all the year round between Lupao and Canton via Sainam and Fatshan; the service is continued during the summer months to Tsing-yuen and Yingtak. Twenty-miles above Lupao is Shek-kok, a large town on the right bank, with four pawnshops, a well-preserved pagoda on the opposite bank, and considerable shipping; the surrounding country is low, and a fine embankment, which burst through neglect some years ago with disastrous result, stretches for over a mile along the river bank below the town.\n\nThe Tsing-yuen Hills—said to be the prehistoric coast line of this part of the province—which have hitherto formed a background in the blue distance, now come into clearer view, the river widens, and at the same time becomes shallower, winding in and out between sandy islands, until at a bend in the river westward we come in sight of the two pagodas guarding the approaches to the district city of Tsing-yuen. Here, at 4 P.M., the \"Robin\" anchored for the night. Tsing-yuen is a well-built, prosperous-looking town, stretching for over a mile along the left bank of the river, the water front covered with shipping and an unusually gaudy display of \"flower boats.\" I estimate its population at about 50,000. We landed in the evening and walked through the principal street running outside the wall, parallel to the river bank; the people were inquisitive, but not unfriendly. The shops had the usual display of foreign goods, apparently all derived from Canton. The famous Tsing-yuen tea, grown on the hills behind the town was on sale in most of the principal shops. It is, I understand, a low-grade tea—I bought half a-pound for 20 cents, about 4d.—and is shipped in large quantities to Canton for export to the Straits Settlements. The other chief product of the district is brown sugar, called pau sugar, sent to Samshui for transhipment to Canton and Macao. A launch leaves Tsing-yuen every morning at daylight for Canton. Here I saw for the first time the new Chinese commercial flag, a most inartistic production, having the added disadvantage of being at a distance hardly distinguishable from the red ensign. Both Protestant (American Baptist) and Roman Catholic missionaries have made their headquarters in the town for some years past; they are, I am told, after many vicissitudes, now doing well. I was unfortunate in finding them all absent—the Protestants recruiting at the coast, the Roman Catholics travelling in the interior. It is remarkable that a town of the size of Tsing-yuen should be without a telegraph office. Although the line passes along the opposite bank of the river, the nearest station is at Pakkong-kou, 15 miles away. One wonders why the local merchants and gentry have in these progressive days been content to remain so long cut off from telegraphic communication with the outer world. There is a branch office of the Imperial Chinese post in the main street.\n\nThe hills in the vicinity of Tsing-yuen are still fairly rich in timber, and tigers are said to be plentiful on their jungle-covered slopes. Here the plain abruptly ends; henceforward the river flows through a mountainous country which extends, practically without interruption, to the borders of Hunan and Kiangsi.\n\nAs the water was falling we decided to push on to Ying-tak the following morning and defer exchanging visits with the Tsing-huen Magistrate to the return journey. As things turned out I had no opportunity of calling on this official; but as I learnt that, in common with most of his colleagues in the provinces, he was a new arrival, I doubt if he would have been able to afford me any useful information.\n\nLeaving Tsing-yuen the next morning, the 7th July, at 6 o'clock we came after a two hours run to the celebrated gorge of Fei-lo-ssu (in Cantonese, Fi-loy-tze), where the river narrows down to flow through a narrow winding pass between hills rising abruptly from the water's edge to a height of some 500 feet or 600 feet. At the entrance to the gorge lies the salt station of Pai-miao (Pak-miu) where salt for the Lienchou district is transferred from the large Canton junks into smaller craft. The fishing village on the opposite side has an evil reputation for piracy. Half way through the gorge, which is some 3 miles long, stands the famous Buddhist monastery of Fi-loy-tze, forming with its shrines, halls, and kiosks picturesquely perched in the midst of a thickly wooded ravine, a notable example of Chinese ecclesiastical architecture. The graves of Fi-loy-tze are well known throughout the province; it was here that Dr. B. C. Henry, the missionary, whose book entitled 'Ling nam' should accompany every traveller in the Canton Province, discovered amongst other rare flowers, two new species of rhododendron. In this gorge we noticed for the first time the limestone quarries which occur at short intervals on both banks of the river for the next 50 miles; a succession of boats deeply laden with limestone pass daily down river to the limekilns of the delta.\n\nAbove the gorge the river broadens again, the hills recede from the bank, becoming higher and better wooded than before. They now begin to assume the fantastic shapes which form such a striking feature of Kuangtung mountain scenery: jagged masses of rock, isolated peaks, cliffs rising up from the water's edge; huge boulders set on top of grass-covered slopes, changing their shape from hour to hour as the river pursues its winding course among them.\n\nJust before noon, at a point about 24 miles below the small market town of Wong-shek, we came up with a party of American engineers engaged in making the final survey... \n\nPage 352", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 411609, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "page_number": 109, "title": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "content_text": "## III. Chêngtu\n\nThe Viceroy has rescinded the request for the services of foreign doctors in these refuges made at the beginning of February by the Protestant Missions of Chêngtu, on the ground that there are enough Chinese doctors available for the purpose. On learning, however, that Mr. Alexander, the Honorary Secretary for the Society for the Suppression of the Opium Trade, was on his way to Chêngtu, the Viceroy expressed a desire to see him, apparently because it was rumoured that he was the bearer of a new and most efficacious opium remedy. Mr. Alexander reached Chêngtu on the 18th February. The Viceroy received him very cordially, and in the course of conversation more than once stated that China was \"with united heart\" determined to suppress and eradicate the use of opium. He showed great interest in the new cure---an infusion of the leaves of a creeping myrtle from Negri Sembilan---which has effected some wonderful cures in the Malay Peninsula, and of which Mr. Alexander was able to show him some specimens. Mr. Alexander has since telegraphed to Hong Kong for 100 taels' worth of plants, and an attempt will be made to introduce them into Szechuan. At Mr. Alexander's suggestion, the Board of Foreign Affairs arranged for a public meeting, which took place on the 27th February. Some 4,000 people of all classes, including several officials and a large number of missionaries, attended. The meeting was most successful. Speeches were delivered by the police Taotai, by the Director of the Imperial College, and by Mr. Alexander, the latter announcing that the British Government had promised to co-operate with China in the suppression of the opium trade.\n\nPublic notice has been given that all opium divans must be closed in six months' time, dating from the 13th February. During the latter half of this period, all taxes on these establishments will be remitted. In the year 1902, the number of opium divans in Chêngtu was reckoned at 7,000, but this probably was the number of those open in the whole province; at the present time, there are said to be only some 450 open in Chêngtu. Another notice issued by the Police Department orders all vendors of opium pills to register themselves with four guarantors and to take out licences at the Central Station.\n\nThe Viceroy has issued an order fixing the limit of six months for all officials, civil or military, whether holding substantive posts or on the expectant list, to give up the use of opium. Opium-smoking officials in the capital are given ten days in which to report themselves to the Provincial Treasurer and the head office, and have their names entered on the \"black list\"; other officials are instructed to report to their superiors within one month from the date these instructions are received. At the expiry of the period of probation, those officials who can produce proof that they have abandoned the habit will be confirmed in their posts; those who cannot do this will be removed from office, without, however, losing rank. These rules do not apply to officials over 60 years of age. As a considerable number of the high provincial officials, including the Director of Education, are reputed to be habitual opium-smokers, the results of this order will be watched with much interest.\n\nA proclamation has been issued by Huang Taotai, Delegate of the Board of Revenue, charged with the collection of the duty on opium in the Provinces of Szechuan, Yunnan, and Kueichou, explaining the manner in which the new tax is to be collected, and exhorting the natives to refrain from the use of opium.\n\nThe Taotai points out that the object of the present scheme of taxation is the prohibition of opium, and that the tax is in reality paid by the consumer, and not by the merchant. After expatiating on the inability of the cultivators and firms who stock the opium to pay the tax, and the hardship to which merchants of other provinces, who buy the drug for export, would be subjected if duty were levied both at the time of purchase and export, Mr. Huang gives a brief outline of the Honan system now to be adopted in Szechuan in order to obviate the above difficulties. Under this system, licensed opium hongs will be established throughout the province, through whom all transactions in opium will be conducted, and who will be responsible to the officials for the management of the opium trade. With reference to the export of opium, Mr. Huang states that permits to purchase will be issued to merchants on receipt of particulars. On purchase of the full quantity specified in the certificate, duty will be paid at the nearest barrier, for which a receipt will be handed to the merchant. The opium may then be conveyed to the place of export, where it shall be reported and examined. After completion of this formality, it may be repacked and clearance will be granted on surrender of the original permit and receipt. After mentioning that the date of enforcement of these Regulations will be found in another Proclamation, Mr. Huang ends by making an earnest appeal as a native of Szechuan to his fellow provincials to give up the habit of opium smoking, and exhorts them to come to the aid of the Throne in its struggle to put down this evil.\n\n## III. Foochow\n\nThe anti-opium Society formed in the city and its neighbourhood is said to be most energetic, and is a very influential league of the gentry and well-to-do merchants. At its inaugural meeting in the city, both the Prefect and one of the District Magistrates spoke very strongly in favour of the Society's efforts to put a stop to the growth of the poppy and the sale of the drug. The Acting Viceroy delayed in issuing the Imperial Edict, and the Committee of the Society anticipated his action by issuing copies of the same, and circulating them widely through the city and suburbs. Large and successful refuges have been opened in one or two centres, where the victims of the habit are treated and cured free of cost. There is no mention yet made in the Viceroy's Proclamation of restricting the cultivation of the poppy, but it is expected that orders will soon be issued prohibiting it. No licences to opium smokers have yet been issued. All opium dens are to be closed in May; the Proclamation issued forbids new opium dens to be opened. It is said that no Acting Magistrate dares to smoke opium any longer.\n\n## IV. Hangchou\n\nSome efforts are being made to give effect to the Opium Rules. Officials who smoke have been ordered to report themselves. These will probably carry out their instructions fairly strictly, for fear of subsequent blackmail if they do not. A number of Delegates have now been appointed to supervise those who have reported themselves. A Proclamation has been issued ordering the closure of all opium dens within six months. The Tartar General has issued orders that all dens in the Manchu garrison are to be closed, and all soldiers or officers under his command are to cease smoking opium within three months under penalty of death. He does not, however, seem to be very much in earnest over it himself; he told a missionary at Hangchow with great glee that he would be able to continue smoking himself, as, being over 60, the Rules did not apply to him. He is a veteran smoker.\n\n## V. Hankow\n\nNative newspapers report that the Provincial Judge, realizing that nothing can be done unless the opium shops are shut down, has decided to eradicate them from the third month (May), and a Proclamation will shortly be issued to that effect.\n\nThe same paper states that opium-shop licences are to be taken away from the same date.\n\nA later paper announces that a censor sent in a Memorial suggesting that opium licences should be abolished so as to purify the sources of national income. The Finance Board decided that if licences were stopped, there would no longer be any means of ascertaining the amount of opium in the country, but suggested, as an alternative, a progressively increasing tax which, in ten years' time, would exactly double the price of the drug, when, even with prohibition, the consumption would be placed beyond the means of the wealthy.\n\nA paper, dated the 16th March, states that the opium prohibition question in Hupei has been soon settled. The Viceroy has now issued numbers of prohibition Proclamations, which have been posted up in all the thoroughfares, enjoining upon all opium saloons to cease their functions from the first day of the third moon (middle of May), and take up some other line of business.\n\n## VI. Shanghae and South Kiangsu\n\nIssue of Proclamations.--From Soochow, it is reported that the Governor has ordered the three District Magistrates to issue a joint Proclamation forbidding all eating houses, wine shops, and tea houses, &c., to provide couches or other opium-smoking accessories for the use of their guests, the prohibition to take effect from the 13th February (Chinese New Year's day). All infractions are to be punished by closure of the offending establishments. Opium shops are given six months in which to close.\n\nShanghae.--The Provincial Judge has issued a Proclamation to be posted up in the streets. This document gives a time limit of six months for opium shops to close, and...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 412063, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "page_number": 563, "title": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "content_text": "# 561 \n\n## 2\n\n**Viceroy's Proclamation**, referred to in my last Report, ordering all opium-smoking officials to register themselves on the \"black list\" remains a \"dead letter.\" The provincial Director of Education, a notorious opium smoker, still holds office, and not one official has voluntarily resigned or been deprived of his post on account of his addiction to opium.\n\nIn Chengtu the Commissioner of Police has been appointed a Director of the Head Office for the suppression of opium smoking, and this energetic and enlightened official recently informed His Majesty's Consul-General in conversation that, if given a free hand, he undertook to completely stamp out opium smoking in Chengtu and the neighbourhood within five years. Unfortunately the Acting Viceroy, with whom he is on bad terms, has removed him from his sphere of usefulness in the police and appointed him to the comparatively unimportant post of Director of the Commercial Bureau, and it is unlikely that his successor will carry on his crusade against illicit opium dens and vendors of spurious opium remedies. In a recent Proclamation, issued by the Chengtu Prefect and Magistrate, notice was given that all opium shops, divans, &c., must take out licences at the newly-established opium hongs. As this Proclamation made no mention of the fact that all opium shops and divans are under orders to close at the end of the 6th moon, it was generally supposed that this was the first indication given by the authorities that they did not intend to carry out the former Viceroy's instructions on this subject. In reply to a query put to the Acting Viceroy on this point, his Excellency stated that the Proclamation in question was issued in terms of the Board of Revenue's Regulations for the taxation of native opium, and that it did not affect in any way the later Regulation regarding the closing of opium shops and divans. There exists, however, a strong feeling among the Chinese that the Government will not when the time arrives proceed to extremes against the dealers in opium, partly out of consideration for vested interests, principally because of the serious loss of revenue the closing of the opium shops will entail.\n\nSome of the older Protestant missionaries resident in Chengtu report that there is undoubtedly a strong movement, especially noticeable among the middle or shop-keeping class, to rid themselves of the opium habit, but they do not think the desired reform can be accomplished by Proclamation and prohibition on the part of the provincial authorities unless these are actively supported by the whole body of local officials and gentry throughout the province, and the latter have so far, with one or two exceptions, done little or nothing to help on the movement. The doctor in charge of the Canadian Hospital at Chengtu reports that he has noticed a marked increase in the number of persons desirous of breaking off the habit.\n\n## Chinan\n\nHis Majesty's Consul reported on the 2nd May that not very much seemed to be doing towards the suppression of opium cultivation and smoking; the opium shops are alleged to have received notice to close at the end of six months, but are doing business everywhere much as usual. The Department Magistrate at Kiaochau is said to have opened an institute in that town on the 14th March for the treatment of opium cases. In the south-west of the Province of Shantung it is reported that, in consequence chiefly of enhanced taxation, only about one-third of the previous amount of land is being cultivated with opium this year. There is a head opium depôt in the district city, with branches in about six market villages. There are twenty or thirty opium shops in the district city, and an average of three or four in each village.\n\n## Hankow\n\nA native newspaper announced on the 28th April that the Viceroy had lately received another despatch from the Home Office at Peking in the following sense :- \n\n\"The enforcement of the prohibition of opium smoking is a matter of imperative necessity. In the provincial capitals respectable gentry should be chosen and appointed to establish there centres of the anti-opium Societies, while in prefectures, departments, and magistracies, branches of the Society should be set up. Local officials are to have no connection with the Society, except that they must be responsible for its protection. Cultivation of the poppy is not one of those offences that can be carried on secretly within closed doors; it is done in the open fields. Investigation, therefore, is not difficult, and we cannot understand why it has not been made before now, and district a report forwarded to us. We must ask you to issue strict injunctions to every ... to report to you immediately, in order that you may be enabled to reply to this Department and to assist in its investigation of the question.\"\n\nAnother native paper, dated the 26th April, says :- \n\n\"A despatch from the Viceroy, conveying instructions to the Treasurer and Judge on the subject of opium smoking, has just come to our notice. His Excellency says that minor officials in occupation of their posts who have the opium habit must be relieved of their duties by their superiors, who will send deputies to take over charge. To officials of fifty years of age and upwards a time limit of six months will be given, within which they must break off the habit. An officer will then be sent to examine whether they have really conquered the vice, and if he finds they have, they will be allowed to return to their posts; but if any evasion or deception is detected, they will all be cashiered.\"\n\n## Kashgar\n\nMr. Macartney reports that the Imperial Edict and Regulations for the abolition of the use of opium have so far remained a dead letter in Kashgaria.\n\n## Kiukiang\n\nHis Majesty's Consul reports on the 8th May that no decisive steps have been taken in the province to carry the Regulations into effect. In Kiukiang itself and the surrounding districts none of the opium shops or dens have been closed, and in all probability no diminution has taken place in the number of smokers. The officials themselves, with few exceptions, are addicted to the use of the drug in greater or less degree, and do not seem disposed to take any steps to stop the habit in themselves or others. The new Governor is an opium smoker. The area of land devoted to poppy cultivation has also not decreased, but poppy cultivation is not in any case to be reckoned as of any account in the province, the opium consumed being brought from Yünnan, Szechuan, Kuangtung, and India. The only sign that any steps had been taken by the Central Government to suppress the general use of opium was a placard in verse enjoining the giving up of the habit and exhorting non-smokers to persuade others to desist from the evil practice. The argument contained in it was to the effect that weakness resulting from use of the drug caused smokers to be easily deceived by others, and that those who did not persuade others to desist were not good patriots. The placard, however, was not a local production, and was probably sent from Chili or Shantung by an anti-opium Society. It remained on the walls in several streets for some weeks, but has now entirely disappeared. The attitude of the officials and people generally toward the Regulations seems to be sympathetic, but they regard their complete carrying out as an impossible task.\n\n## Nanking\n\nHis Majesty's Consul reports that no practical effects of the recent anti-opium legislation are as yet apparent so far as the general public is concerned, but amongst the military and student classes effective measures for the suppression of opium smoking are said to be already in force. Rigorous investigations, too, have been set on foot, with a view to suppressing the vice amongst the official classes, and a number of expectant officials in Nanking, selected from the different provinces of the Empire, have been charged with the duty of reporting on the habits of their respective provincial colleagues. The civil officials, however, will probably be found more difficult to deal with than the soldiers and students. In the \"Official Gazette\" of the 2nd April the text was published of instructions issued by the Viceroy to the provincial Treasurer and others on this subject. The document is undated, but probably belongs to the beginning of the Chinese year (mid-February). These instructions deal in general terms with the importance of carrying out the legislative measures already announced, in spite of the difficulties of the task. Three months is laid down as the limit within which all offices, civil and military, and all educational establishments are ...\n\nPage 3 \n\n[2564 p-1] \nB 2", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 413413, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3]", "page_number": 360, "title": "CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3]", "content_text": "## COLONY OF HONGKONG, 1907\n## STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE IN THE YEAR, UNDER SUB-HEADS, AS COMPARED WITH THE ESTIMATES.\n\n| | ORIGINAL ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE | ACTUAL EXPENDITURE | OVER THE ESTIMATE | UNDER THE ESTIMATE | SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE | UNESTIMATED |\n|----------| -------------------------------- | ------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- |\n| Brought forward, | 8,073,507 | 2,490,218.41 | 340 | 348,464.46 | 61,164.44 | $1,098.94 |\n\n### EDUCATION,—Continued.\n#### B.-QUEEN'S COLLEGE,---Continued.\n##### Other Charges,--Continued.\n\n| | ORIGINAL ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE | ACTUAL EXPENDITURE | OVER THE ESTIMATE | UNDER THE ESTIMATE | SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE | UNESTIMATED |\n|----------| -------------------------------- | ------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- |\n| Language Study Allowances, | 540 | 450 | | * | | 883 |\n| Prizes, | 200 | 200 | * | | | 120 |\n\n### ECCLESIASTICAL & CHARITABLE SERVICES:-\n#### Charitable Allowances to :-\n- Chung Wing, 60\n- Lam Kam Chuk, 60\n- Lau Fai's Widow, 120\n- Tung Cheong, 353.37\n\n#### Grants for Religious Services:----\n| | ORIGINAL ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE | ACTUAL EXPENDITURE | OVER THE ESTIMATE | UNDER THE ESTIMATE | SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE | UNESTIMATED |\n|----------| -------------------------------- | ------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- |\n| Chaplains for Burials, etc., | 200 | 200 | | | | |\n| Protestant Chaplains for Prison and Hospitals, | 2,400 | 2,400 | | | | |\n| Roman Catholic Chaplain for Prison and Hospitals, | 1,200 | 1,200 | | | | |\n\n#### Grants in aid of Charitable Institutions:---\n| | ORIGINAL ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE | ACTUAL EXPENDITURE | OVER THE ESTIMATE | UNDER THE ESTIMATE | SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE | UNESTIMATED |\n|----------| -------------------------------- | ------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- |\n| Chinese Plague Hospitals, | 2,000 | 1,945 | | 55 | | |\n| French Convent, | 720 | 720 | | | | |\n| Italian Convent, | 1,280 | 1,280 | | | | |\n| Royal Navy Seamen's Club, | 300 | 300 | | | | |\n| Society of St. Vincent de Paul, | 100 | 100 | | | | |\n| St. Joseph's Hospitium, | 300 | 300 | | | | |\n| Strangers' Home for Asiatics, (£10.10.0), | 105 | | | 10.80 | | |\n| Tung Wah Hospital, | 6,000 | 6,000 | | | | 94.20 |\n| Victoria Home and Orphanage, | 100 | 100 | | | | |\n| West Point Orphanage, | 600 | 600 | | | | |\n\n#### Other Charitable Allowances, \n| | ORIGINAL ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE | ACTUAL EXPENDITURE | OVER THE ESTIMATE | UNDER THE ESTIMATE | SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE | UNESTIMATED |\n|----------| -------------------------------- | ------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- |\n| | 1,356 | 400 | | 956 | | 659.99 |\n\n#### Passages and Relief of Destitutes, \n| | ORIGINAL ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE | ACTUAL EXPENDITURE | OVER THE ESTIMATE | UNDER THE ESTIMATE | SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE | UNESTIMATED |\n|----------| -------------------------------- | ------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- |\n| | 1,000 | 340.01 | | 659.99 | | |\n\n### TRANSPORT:— \n#### Passages of Officers, \n| | ORIGINAL ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE | ACTUAL EXPENDITURE | OVER THE ESTIMATE | UNDER THE ESTIMATE | SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE | UNESTIMATED |\n|----------| -------------------------------- | ------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- |\n| | | | | | | |\n\n### MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES:- \n#### Bungalows Committee, for Caretakers, \n| | ORIGINAL ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE | ACTUAL EXPENDITURE | OVER THE ESTIMATE | UNDER THE ESTIMATE | SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE | UNESTIMATED |\n|----------| -------------------------------- | ------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- |\n| | 67 | 192 | 125 | | | |\n\n#### Coals for Offices, \n| | ORIGINAL ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE | ACTUAL EXPENDITURE | OVER THE ESTIMATE | UNDER THE ESTIMATE | SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE | UNESTIMATED |\n|----------| -------------------------------- | ------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- |\n| | 10,000 | 6,357.35 | | 3,642.65 | | |\n\n#### overcaliinated \n| | ORIGINAL ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE | ACTUAL EXPENDITURE | OVER THE ESTIMATE | UNDER THE ESTIMATE | SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE | UNESTIMATED |\n|----------| -------------------------------- | ------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- |\n| | 4,500 | 4,294.13 | | 205.87 | | |\n\n#### Crown Agents' Commission,... \n| | ORIGINAL ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE | ACTUAL EXPENDITURE | OVER THE ESTIMATE | UNDER THE ESTIMATE | SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE | UNESTIMATED |\n|----------| -------------------------------- | ------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- |\n| | 2,500 | 2,583.27 | 83.27 | | | |\n\n| | ORIGINAL ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE | ACTUAL EXPENDITURE | OVER THE ESTIMATE | UNDER THE ESTIMATE | SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE | UNESTIMATED |\n|----------| -------------------------------- | ------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- |\n| Carried forward, | 3,109,364 | 2,819,918.35 | 34,160.19 | 354 | 61,164.44 | $1,098.97 |\n\nPage 360 \nPage 361", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 415827, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 522, "title": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "4\n\nThus China may be said to have required for her own consumption, 1906 :-\n\nNative opium Foreign opium Total\n\nPiculs. 325,270 54,225 379,495\n\nor 50,599,333 lbs. weight, or 22,588 tons, of which about one-seventh comes from India. It is said that, during the pourparlers which preceded the Anglo-Chinese Commercial Treaty of 1902, a suggestion was made by the Chinese negotiators that the Chinese Government should annually purchase the Indian export of opium with a view to controlling the sale of the drug in China, but that the question went no farther. Indian opium is stronger than that grown in China, and, moreover, the latter is frequently adulterated, which adds to its inferiority. It may be said that a smoker who requires to take 3 mace of Indian opium to produce a certain effect would, on the average, require 4 to 4¼ mace of the native drug to obtain the same result.\n\nThe Imperial Anti-opium Edict of the 20th September, 1906, is as follows:--- \"Since the restrictions against the use of opium were removed, the poison of this drug has practically permeated the whole of China. The opium smoker wastes time and neglects his work, ruins his health, and impoverishes his family, and the poverty and weakness which for the past few decades have been daily increasing among us are undoubtedly attributable to this cause. To speak of this arouses our indignation; and at a moment when we are striving to strengthen the Empire it behoves us to admonish the people, that all may realize the necessity of freeing themselves from these coils, and thus pass from sickness into health.\n\nIt is hereby commanded that within a period of ten years the evils arising from foreign and native opium be equally and completely eradicated. Let the Government Council (Cheng-wu Chu) frame such measures as may be suitable and necessary for strictly forbidding the consumption of the drug and the cultivation of the poppy; and let them submit their proposals for our approval.\"\n\nand was supplemented by the eleven Regulations (Annex (A)) issued two months later for the enforcement thereof, and the Imperial Edict of the 26th June last (Annex (B)) in the form of a reminder.\n\nConsiderable latitude is not infrequently taken in China by the provincial authorities both in the interpretation of the spirit of an Imperial Decree, and in the steps they decide to take to enforce its provisions; but the Imperial wishes have undoubtedly been brought to the notice of most of the inhabitants of the Empire, and in every province special Rules and Regulations of some kind have been drawn up with a view to carrying out the desire of the Throne.\n\nThe average price per picul of raw native opium in the district in which it is produced, and before taxation of any kind, is 250 taels. In certain districts the price is as high as 500 taels, while in Szechuan Province, where, roughly speaking, as much as two-thirds of the native drug is both grown, prepared, and smoked, the average price is from 150 to 200 taels per picul.\n\nNative raw opium when prepared (that is, boiled) is reduced to about 65 per cent. of what it was before that process. Indian opium after a similar process works out at about 75 per cent. These figures, however, are only approximate, and it is quite impossible under present conditions to reach anything more trustworthy.\n\nThe important point in this Report being to show what really effective steps have been taken by the provincial authorities to carry out the Decree, it will, in regard to good intentions, be sufficient to say that the special Rules and Regulations they have issued in their districts have generally been in the right direction, though of great variety. In some instances they have been quite inadequate, and in others either not enforced or disobeyed.\n\nIn taking each province by itself, therefore, mention will rarely be made of the different local enactments, and the account will be restricted to a statement of what has actually been done to obey the Decree.\n\nThese accounts are chiefly based on reports supplied by His Majesty's Consular officers, who have been kindly and ably aided by the British Protestant missionaries in their Consular districts, many of whom, from their long residence in China and intimate knowledge of the country and people, have afforded both reliable and valuable information, often from remote spots where they are perhaps the only European inhabitants.\n\n5\n\n519\n\nMany of the replies which have been received from the missionaries to the questions put to them on the subject have been negative, and show that in numerous districts little or nothing has been done or even attempted to carry out the Regulations; but wherever the local authorities are sincere, energetic, and enlightened a beginning has been made and the fire of enthusiasm lit; still, as one Consul has remarked, it is necessary that some one should continue to apply the bellows.\n\nIn any case the information from which this Report is composed is undoubtedly the most far-searching, reliable, and accurate which exists on the subject at the present time.\n\nFengtien Province may be classified as a portion of Manchuria for the purposes of this Report, and the annual production of opium in Manchuria is estimated at 150,000 piculs.\n\nIn Mukden and other towns the opium dens have all been closed and their business has ceased. Opium shops still remain open, where the raw drug can be purchased, and its preparation at home presents no difficulty.\n\nIn Newchwang two refuges have been opened by the Taotai to assist people to cure themselves of the opium habit.\n\nIn Manchuria the poppy is grown as usual.\n\nMongolia. More land is this year being given over to poppy cultivation, and although the Mongolians are reported to have obeyed the Proclamation, the Chinese inhabitants now sell and smoke as usual.\n\nChinese Turkestan.--From Kashgar it is reported that the Imperial Edict and Regulations are a dead letter, most people being ignorant of their existence.\n\nChihli Province.--Production 10,000 piculs. In Peking itself, although some obscure dens may have eluded the vigilance of the police, it may be said that they have been closed. Shops are inspected and registered, but so far smokers do not register themselves. Orders have been issued for the abandonment of smoking among the officials and retainers of the Palace, but there is no means of ascertaining how far they have been carried out.\n\nTien-tsin. ---The dens are all closed in the city, while two proprietors who disobeyed were fined 100 and 300 dollars respectively, and each received 100 blows. The shops for the sale of raw or prepared opium are open, but under official supervision. The poppy area has decreased as a direct or indirect result of the measures introduced by his Excellency Yuan Shih K'ai, the former Viceroy.\n\nIn the country districts a certain number of dens were closed, but by the month of June general slackness and indifference were shown in regard to the whole matter.\n\nIn the mouth of April the Consolidated Opium Tax Bureau, which is a branch of the head office in Hupei, and unquestionably an official institution, issued a Proclamation urging the cultivation of the poppy for the sake of revenue, which can only be looked upon as an extraordinary proceeding in face of the Decree.\n\nJehol. The dens have all been closed officially, but smoking still goes on in other houses, and the officials have not the courage to take any steps.\n\nShansi Province.--Production, 5,000 piculs. As a result of the Decree, the duty on opium has been raised. The Provincial Treasurer has opened free dispensaries for the cure of the opium habit, and set aside 3,000 taels for the preparation of medicine for sale or free distribution by the officials. Between 300 and 400 applicants were reported to present themselves daily, and there is apparently a real desire among the people to overcome the vice. Some forty-one shops in the capital (Tai Yuan Fu) sell anti-opium medicines.\n\nIn one district in the north of the province quite a number of the poor are giving up the habit, and the poppy area is being considerably reduced, while half the dens are closed. In another, although nothing is done to restrict the continually increasing cultivation of the poppy, establishments for distributing anti-opium medicines are fairly generally started; the officials and gentry are favourable to the movement, have held meetings, and by exhortation some have been induced to relinquish the habit.\n\nIn Southern Shansi very few dens exist. Some people smoke in the opium shops, which are all registered and licensed, and, in addition to a licence fee, a tax of 100 cash (0.8 tael) per ounce is levied on all raw opium purchased by the shop. The sale of anti-opium medicines has increased, and smoking is prohibited in Government schools.\n\nAt Ping-yang, one of the chief towns in the south of the province, both dens and shops pay a monthly tax. Although none of them have been closed, no new ones are allowed to be opened.\n\n[2813 -5]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416287, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 452, "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "3\n\n445\n\nof the province. Bishop Cassels says: \"There is a very remarkable decrease in the amount of land placed under opium cultivation this autumn. This is, I think, not the result of any fresh official action, but is due to the fear that impending heavy taxation will render opium growing unprofitable.\"\n\nDr. Smith, of the Canadian Methodist Mission, Yung Hsien, states: \"In this district I am sure that not more than one-third of the total area has been planted with poppy this autumn. Yung Hsien is an important opium-growing district, and formerly quite two-thirds of the whole area was under cultivation.\"\n\nDr. J. R. Cox, of the same mission, writes of the Jen Shou district: \"I notice a marked decrease in the area under cultivation this year.\"\n\nWith regard to my second impression, I quote Mr. Faers, of the China Inland Mission at Suifu, an old resident and keen observer. He says: \"There is certainly less land under poppy this year. I attribute this entirely to the vigorous action taken by our new District Magistrate.\" Dr. Parker, of the London Mission at Chungking, informs me that the Pa Hsien Magistrate has \"practically stamped out the poppy in the Chungking district.\" This is confirmed by Mr. Bristow in his Report No. 12 of the 5th December last: \"I was surprised to find no trace of poppy cultivation on the right bank of the river (i.e., in the neighbourhood of Chungking), where last year the greater proportion of the available land was producing opium.\"\n\nOn the other hand, at Kuan Hsien, where the local official is an opium smoker, the missionary reports that no attention has been paid to the Proclamation ordering a reduction of cultivation.\n\nIn support of my third impression, namely, that a decrease of cultivation in one district may mean an increase in another, I again quote Mr. Faers. He writes, after referring to the reduction in the neighbourhood of Suifu: \"I must admit that between Tzu Chou and Chengtu (on the road from Suifu to the capital) the poppy was universal.\" And Mr. Davey, who recently visited Chiang Ching Hsien, a district adjoining the Pa Hsien above referred to, tells me that opium is being cultivated in that district in increased quantities this year.\n\nTurning now to the restrictions placed by the Chinese authorities on opium smoking, I have to state that, to the best of my knowledge, these exist at the present time only in name and not in reality. The preparation of opium has been made a Government monopoly, effective in Chengtu and the larger cities, only partially so in the smaller towns and country places; otherwise the opium smoker can obtain the drug as easily and almost as cheaply now as he could a year ago. To take Chengtu as an example: there is no registration of opium smokers; any one may go into an official opium divan and obtain as much opium as he requires; police control of these establishments appears to be purely nominal; opium is provided as heretofore in the inns, restaurants, and houses of ill fame; opium ash is still hawked about the streets, not so openly as formerly, but quite as generally; the opium refuges established in various parts of the city stand empty.\n\nReports from missionaries in the interior indicate a similar state of affairs. Opium dens reopened, no official supervision, no registration of smokers, prices slightly raised owing to taxes imposed on dens and boiling shops, is the tale most of my correspondents have to tell. Mr. Crabtree, of the Church Missionary Society, who recently made a tour in North-Western Szechuan, writes: \"In no single case could I find the slightest attempt being made to check opium smoking. At Maochou (on the Chengtu-Sungpan road) dens are all closed, but opium can be freely bought and smoked in the inns. In many places I asked smokers if they had their opium licences, but in every case the answer was in the negative.\"\n\nOne is therefore forced to the conclusion that the local officials, as a body, are doing little or nothing to assist the movement for the eradication of the use of opium in this province. They doubtless take their cue from the Viceroy and his advisers in Chengtu, who, as their term of office will shortly expire on the arrival of the new Viceroy, are naturally disinclined to take any drastic measures, possibly involving a collision with agricultural interests, at the present juncture. The approaching change of Administration may also account for the fact that the Acting Viceroy appears to have made no serious attempt to weed out the many notorious opium-smoking officials holding office in the province. While opium smokers are debarred from teaching in schools or holding commands in the new army and police force, territorial officials, more especially District Magistrates, who are known to be habitual opium smokers are retained at their posts and even receive promotion. I select two examples from several that have come under my notice. Mao Yu Lin, the notorious opium-smoking Prefect of Suifu, more than once referred to in my reports, who should long ago have been cashiered for his inability to break off the opium habit—he has, I am informed, endeavoured to cure himself and is in consequence little better than a mental and physical wreck—has recently been appointed Director of the new arsenal at Chengtu. At Wei Yuan Hsien the Magistrate is unable to attend to the duties of his office because of the opium habit; in the adjoining sub-district of Kung Ching, the Assistant Magistrate in charge, also a heavy smoker, has recently been appointed District Magistrate and transferred to a more lucrative post.\n\nThere is happily a brighter side to the picture. The movement against opium among all classes of the people of this province is undoubtedly slowly but surely growing. There is a consensus of opinion on the part of those, both native and foreign, who are best qualified to judge that opium smoking is on the decrease. This applies more particularly to Chengtu and Chungking, cities where an enlightened public opinion is able to make itself felt in a more forcible manner than elsewhere.\n\nIn 1904 Sir Alexander Hosie, in his Report on the Province of Szechuan, estimated the number of male opium smokers in this city at 50 per cent. of the adult male population. Replies that I have received to inquiries on this point agree in fixing the proportion at the present time at not more than one in four, or 25 per cent. The proportion of women smokers is estimated at from 10 to 12 per cent., as compared with Sir Alexander Hosie's former estimate of 20 per cent.\n\nMore than one recent traveller has mentioned to me the growing demand for opium \"remedies to cure the drug habit.\" Mr. Crabtree, above referred to, writes: \"I am constantly being asked for medicine.\" Another missionary mentions that opium pills are in great demand among the country people at his station, and Dr. Smith, of Yung Hsien, tells me that on a recent occasion thirty people from one village came in and asked him to cure them of opium smoking. They were, as is usually the case, disinclined to undergo treatment, and greatly disappointed when the doctor told them that he had no sovereign remedy for opium in the shape of pill or powder.\n\nA Delegate from Chiating, an opium-ridden city, informed the Conference that his Mission had offered to assist the local authorities by opening opium refuges under foreign medical superintendence, but that the offer had been politely but firmly declined. One or two other Delegates related similar experiences. This confirms my opinion, expressed in a former report, that the Chinese do not want, and will not accept, foreign assistance in this matter. It would be well if some of the more enthusiastic but less experienced members of the Protestant missionary body in Szechuan would realize this fact and devote less time and attention to the furtherance of what they term the \"anti-opium crusade.\"\n\nI have, &c. (Signed)\n\nHARRY FOX.\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nPrécis of Reports respecting the Opium Movement.\n\nChefoo.\n\nTOWARDS the close of 1907 an official Prepared-opium Bureau was opened, which consisted of a body of merchants intrusted not only with the opium trade generally in and around Chefoo, but who were also accorded the exclusive right or monopoly to manufacture and sell prepared opium.\n\nThe Bureau thus became practically the depository of all opium, raw and prepared, in Chefoo, having the right to take over all opium it required at a fair market price.\n\nAs a result of representations in the matter, the Taotai has promised to alter the Regulations so as to exclude foreign opium.\n\nChinkiang.\n\nThe opium dens in the British Concession have, as already reported, been closed. In regard to the opium shops in the Concession, the 1908 licences are revocable at any moment should circumstances render such action necessary, and will not be renewed for 1909.\n\nIn the Provinces of Hupei, Hunan, Shensi, Shansi, and Kansu Proclamations continue to be issued at intervals, without producing much effect, and the general...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416336, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 501, "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "494\n\n4\n\ninto their former state of squalor, registration of opium smokers is not enforced, and the private preparation of the drug continues unchecked.\n\nMISSIONARY AFFAIRS.\n\nAffrays between Protestants and Roman Catholics at Ningyuan-fu: conditions in the Ch'ien Ch'ang Valley.\n\nSeveral serious affrays between the adherents of Protestant and Roman Catholic Missions have occurred during the past quarter.\n\nAt Ningyuan-fu the chronic ill-feeling between Protestants and Roman Catholics broke out into open violence during the first days of October. A Protestant inquirer was severely beaten by the Catholics, and the former retaliated by waylaying and nearly killing a prominent member of the latter Church, alleged to have been the instigator of the first outrage. The foreign missionaries on both sides warmly espoused their adherents' cause, and the local officials have not yet succeeded in arresting and punishing the culprits, one of whom at least is known to be in hiding in the Roman Catholic Mission at Ningyuan-fu.\n\nAbout the same time the Viceroy complained to me that Mr. Wellwood, the representative of the American Baptist Mission, was harbouring a convert wanted by the local authorities on various charges of extortion and assault. I explained to the Viceroy that as Mr. Wellwood, although a British subject, was a member of an American Mission, I had no jurisdiction in this case. (Sir Ernest Satow's ruling in his despatch No. 9, of the 13th November, 1905.) I said that I had transmitted a copy of his despatch to the American Consul in Chungking.\n\nIt appears that Mr. Bristow received an identical complaint against Mr. Wellwood from the Chungking Taotai, and, being unaware of the attitude I had adopted in the matter, wrote officially to Mr. Wellwood, calling upon him to surrender the man to the Chinese authorities. It was partly with a view to avoiding a similar misunderstanding in the future that I made with Mr. Bristow the arrangement reported in my despatch No. 17, Accounts, of the 21st November, 1907.\n\nIn the meantime, both Mr. Wellwood and the Roman Catholic priest at Ningyuan-fu, Père Bourgin, appealed to the French Consul-General and myself, their accounts of what had taken place being, I need hardly say, totally at variance one with the other. M. Bons d'Anty took up the Catholic side of the dispute with characteristic energy, but I did not feel justified in interfering, contenting myself with forwarding copies of Mr. Wellwood's letters to the American Consul, and informing the Viceroy, as opportunity offered, that affairs at Ningyuan-fu were assuming a very serious aspect.\n\nIn the beginning of November, Père Bourgin came to Chengtu, ostensibly to lay his convert's case before the high authorities; as a matter of fact, I believe his own superiors admit that his injudicious championship of his adherents, regardless of their innocence or guilt, has done much to embitter the disputes between the two Missions, and with a view to effecting an amicable settlement of outstanding cases, he has purposely been removed from the Chien Chiang Valley for a time. In his absence, Père de Guébriant, a priest of broad views and conciliatory disposition, is doing his best to arrange matters with Mr. Wellwood.\n\nThe Chien Chiang Valley is notorious for the turbulence of its inhabitants, of whom a majority are Lolo tribesmen, constantly engaged in fighting each other and the Chinese authorities. To such people the foreign Missions are a great attraction, and I learn from Mr. Wellwood that on more than one occasion whole villages, even tribes, have expressed their desire to turn Christian, and have naïvely placed their fighting strength at his disposal.\n\n5\n\nIt is alleged that the French missionaries have not hesitated to take advantage of this state of affairs; it is certain that the number of their adherents has largely increased during the last few years, and their influence is such that the local authorities apparently do not dare to resent their interference in what are often purely Chinese affairs.\n\nThe French Consul-General openly states that he has procured the removal of the Ningyuan Prefect, who is, according to Mr. Wellwood, a capable and enlightened official, for having unduly favoured the Protestants at the expense of the Roman Catholics! The interest taken by the French in the Chien Ch'ang Valley has been more than once referred to in these Reports; they make no secret of the fact that they consider the valley as being in an especial degree within their sphere of influence.\n\nFrench missionaries, Consular and military officers, mining and other experts, are constantly passing up and down the valley; at the present time a military and scientific Mission, under the leadership of a Captain d'Olonne, is on its way to Chengtu from Tachienlu after spending some months on the journey up from Yunnan through the Chien Ch'ang Valley.\n\nIt is probable that the valley is regarded as the natural route of the extension of the Yunnan Railway into Szechuan, hence the interest taken in it by the French authorities, and the suspicion and dislike with which they regard the incursion of foreign influence, in the person of Mr. Wellwood with his flourishing school and hospital, in this domain.\n\nMy position in regard to this gentleman is a difficult one, as he is a British subject, and both the Chinese and French officials persist in regarding the British Consul-General as the natural protector of him and his works. What little I could do, unofficially, to smooth over his differences with the Roman Catholics I have done, and in the accomplishment of this task, the friendly relations which exist between M. Bons d'Anty and myself have been of some value.\n\nMurder of a Protestant Inquirer at Lung Shui Chen: the Interference of Missionaries in Chinese affairs.\n\nAt a place called Lung Shui Chen, in Ta Tsu Hsien, an adherent of the Friends' Mission was murdered by a Roman Catholic on the 25th October last. As far as I can learn, the outrage was the outcome of a family feud, and as the local officials have arrested the murderer, I have not taken any action in the matter.\n\nIn reporting the affair to His Majesty's Vice-Consul in Chungking, Mr. Maw, of the Friends' Mission, made use of the following expression: \"While we do not insist on the execution of the murderer, I write this for your information, as the case will probably come before you.\" He added, although he produced no evidence in support of the statement, that this was a test case between Roman Catholics and Protestants.\n\nI have called the attention of the Friends' Mission to what appears to be a misconception on Mr. Maw's part of the jurisdiction of the British Consular authorities in such cases. The case in question is not one of religious persecution, and unless it can be shown that some glaring miscarriage of justice has taken place, neither the Mission nor the Consul have any grounds for interference.\n\nEven were proof adduced that the Roman Catholic Mission were protecting the murderer, that would not, in my opinion, justify us in taking any official action.\n\nI have taken this opportunity to state clearly what I deem to be our position in these cases, because several instances have occurred during the past year where Protestant missionaries who would indignantly deny that they were interfering in any way with the course of Chinese justice have either themselves approached the local officials on behalf of their converts involved in lawsuits, or have requested me to communicate with the higher authorities and urge them to instruct their subordinates to do their duty.\n\nSuch action on the part of missionary or Consul is, in itself, interference, and is so regarded by the Chinese. It is, I am aware, freely practised by the Roman Catholic priests and the French Consular officials, and for this reason, we should, I think, be all the more careful to avoid anything that may have the appearance of interference or bringing influence to bear in purely Chinese affairs.\n\nMy experience is that our missionaries in this province are, on the whole, deserving of praise for the moderation and tact they display, often under great provocation and in difficult circumstances, and I have reason to know that their attitude is understood and appreciated by the Chinese authorities.\n\nThe West China Missionary Conference.\n\nThe Delegates to the West China Missionary Conference, which is to be held at Chengtu from the 26th January to the 2nd February, are beginning to arrive. As the influx of some 150 foreigners, with their wives and families, at the time of the Chinese New Year might be misunderstood by the people, I have had a notice inserted in the \"Chengtu Daily Gazette,\" explaining the objects of the Conference, and I have arranged with the authorities that the police shall pay special attention to the streets in the vicinity of the missionary compounds.\n\nThe Viceroy has promised to send a deputy to attend the inaugural meeting of the Conference, and he has consented to receive a deputation.\n\nThe Conference will be attended by Bishop Cassells, Anglican Bishop of West China; Bishop Bashford, of the Methodist Episcopal Church of America; Mr. Hoste, Director of the China Inland Mission; Dr. Arthur Smith, and other well-known missionary workers.\n\n[2921 s-1]\n\n0", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416337, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 502, "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "6\n\n(\n\n7\n\n# EDUCATIONAL AFFAIRS\n\nThe Union Christian University cost 20,000 taels.\n\nThe temporary Committee of Management have completed the purchase of the University site, a piece of land measuring some 250 mou, outside the south gate of Chengtu. The purchase deeds have been made out in the name of a Ssŭ Hui, representing the four Missions concerned, i.e., the Canadian Methodist, Methodist Episcopal, American Baptist Union, and the Friends Foreign Missionary Association. As the second and third named are American Missions, a difficulty has arisen regarding the registration of the property. The Committee wished to register the whole property at this Consulate-General under the above name, afterwards dividing it into four portions and registering the shares in the name of each Mission. In view of the dual nationality of the owners, I did not think this would be advisable, as I did not see how it could be arranged that each Mission received a legal title to its share. At my suggestion, the native owners are being asked to make out four purchase deeds, the land being roughly divided into four portions. Each Mission will take one, which will be registered either here or at the American Consulate in Chungking.\n\nAs I have been in some doubt as to the attitude the Chinese authorities would adopt towards this University, the more so as the original idea of a central college, or \"Chung Hsüeh Tang,\" for the scholars from the Mission primary schools throughout the province has gradually developed until the scheme comprises a university open to Christians and non-Christians, with a staff of professors specially engaged, and schools of electricity and engineering (the funds for the latter to be provided by the University of Chicago), I made it clear to the Committee of Management that I could not assist them with the registration of this property unless they would authorize me to inform the Viceroy of the purpose for which the land had been acquired. To this they agreed, somewhat reluctantly, and I therefore propose, when sending in the deeds to be stamped by the city Magistrate, to explain how the Missions have come to acquire this property. If there is to be opposition on the part of the Chinese authorities, it is better that their objections should be dealt with now than later on when the money is paid, and the Missions stand irretrievably committed to the scheme. As long as the secular side of the enterprise is not brought into too much prominence, and I have strongly advised the Committee to say as little as possible for the present regarding Chicago's share in the University—I do not apprehend that the Chinese will make any serious objections. I have already informed the Viceroy that the Protestant Missions are unifying their educational work in Szechuan, and that they propose to establish a central college in Chengtu, and the retiring Chengtu Magistrate has intimated to me that he is ready to stamp the deeds at once: the transfer fees will amount to over 1,000 taels. Unfortunately, the Committee cannot avail themselves of this opportunity, as half the members are away attending Council meetings in various parts of the province. As they are all to meet in Chengtu in a month's time, this furnishes one more instance of the unbusinesslike manner in which the Protestant Missions conduct their affairs.\n\nWhen discussing this university scheme in a former Report, I said that the small number of students in the Mission schools prepared for a university course did not seem to warrant the establishment of such an institution, at any rate for the present. The Registrar's Report on the Union Schools of Szechuan, just published, would appear to confirm this view. Of junior primary schools, there are 26, with 388 boys; of senior primary, 11, with 187 boys; of secondary (middle) schools, only 5, with 120 students. In the latter class, the numbers are not increasing; the three Chengtu schools actually show a falling off as compared with the last three years' average. In the Report above referred to, I estimated the number of students now ready for an advanced course at fifty or sixty. I now learn, after careful inquiry, that there are actually not more than twenty students sufficiently advanced to take the course as given in the Government College at Chengtu. There is, I cannot help thinking, a growing tendency on the part of some of the Protestant Missions in Szechuan, notably those hailing from the American continent, to neglect the preaching, even the medical part of their work, for the more attractive and much less burdensome task of providing the Chinese with education on Western lines. The Roman Catholic missions in Szechuan, whose methods one is bound to admire if one cannot always approve, pay little attention to education, but devote themselves entirely to a purely religious propaganda, making the conversion of the young their special care. The China Inland Mission, whose methods approximate most nearly to those pursued by the Roman Catholics, and who are undoubtedly the most successful Protestant organization in Western China, adopt a similar attitude towards secular education; they are holding entirely aloof from the University scheme.\n\n## Official Recognition of Mission Schools\n\nAt the recent annual meeting of the West China Christian Educational Union, Dr. Squibbs, of the Church Missionary Society, Mien Chu Hsien, related his unsuccessful attempt to obtain the registration of the Mission's primary school. The school being entirely under the management of native Christians and practically self-supporting, the curriculum and accommodation, moreover, complying in every respect with Government requirements, Dr. Squibbs had reason to hope that the educational authorities would not refuse to place the school on the official register. The local Magistrate and Director of Education were apparently prepared to do so, but the Bureau of Education in Chengtu, to whom the application was submitted, refused, quoting in support of their refusal a Circular from the Board of Education, dated the 1st November, 1906, in which the following sentence occurs: \"No Regulations have received the Imperial Assent permitting foreigners to establish schools in the interior. In addition to those schools already established, no objection will be made for the present to the opening of others, but there is no necessity to register them, and their scholars are not eligible for official rewards.\" Viceroy Hsi Liang, to whom the matter was referred, was even more explicit. He wrote: \"The Board of Education have laid down that missionaries may please themselves as to the opening of schools, but the question as to whether their pupils may or may not qualify to enter the Government schools has never been raised, and cannot, therefore, be taken into consideration. The Magistrate, in carelessly submitting such an application, acted in a most blundering manner.\"\n\n## Government Primary School Sports\n\nOn the 5th November, the primary schools of Chengtu held their annual athletic sports on the grounds of the Provincial College. The mission schools did not join owing to the sports having been fixed to take place on a Sunday. They were, as a matter of fact, postponed on account of the weather to the following Tuesday. The sports, beginning at 7 o'clock in the morning, lasted until 5 in the evening, and were attended by most of the high officials and a vast crowd of spectators. A special stand had been erected for ladies, and a sign of the times was a notice prominently displayed at the entrance gate, \"No women with bound feet will be admitted.\" The events included racing, jumping, gymnastics, drill, and a singing competition. The winners received medals, books, various articles of stationery, and towels! Most of the schools were in uniform, and the grand march past at the end of the day, in which some forty schools, numbering nearly 4,000 boys, took part, was an impressive and significant spectacle. Each school carried its banners, many had their own bugles and drums, and those who had not were played past the saluting point by the Viceroy's band. The discipline and the hearty good-will with which even the smallest boys entered into the affair was most remarkable. Among the schools taking part were two Mahommedan, one Manchu, various Prefectural and district schools, and the boys of Chou Taotai's orphanage. These, to the number of 200, boys picked out of the gutters or rescued from the beggar encampments, carried off the palm for smartness and drill. Scrupulously clean, clad in yellow khaki suits, black forage caps, and armed with miniature rifles, they marched past in perfect order and step, and the manner in which the command \"Eyes left,\" given by the diminutive commander as he lowered his toy sword on passing the Viceroy's stand, was carried out by his men would have done credit to a German \"Garde regiment.\"\n\n## The \"Imperial School of Military Medicine\"\n\nM. Huet, the French naval officer whose unexpected arrival in Chengtu to join the staff of the Medical School I reported in my despatch No.25 of the 24 April last, left here in July on a flying visit to Europe. He returned, with a wife, in November. M. Huet will devote himself to an exhaustive study of the medicinal herbs and products of Szechuan.\n\nDr. Legendre, whose relations with the Chinese were latterly somewhat strained, will not return to Chengtu.\n\n\"Mission\n\nDr. Mouillae, the Third French Medical Officer attached to the\n\n495", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416638, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 803, "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "796\n\n2\n\nsuggest that either Taotai's deeds be issued for these lots, in which case Bowern will be very careful in future land transactions, and will not use the name of Pao T'ai Chi any more, as it seems to give rise to misunderstanding, or that the Chinese authorities take back the land, refunding to Bowern all out-of-pocket expenses for land which he still holds in his own name, and refunding the sale price to those foreigners to whom he has transferred lots,\n\n\"But in a very good letter, in which, I am bound to confess he has the best of the argument, the Taotai adheres to his original demand, and matters are at present at a deadlock.\"\n\nBankow.\n\nIn the course of investigations into troubles which arose in December last between the China Inland Mission and the Roman Catholic Mission at Tang Hsien in Honan, it has been brought to light that the latter mission has a body of armed men whose uniform badges describe them as \"Volunteers of the Roman Catholic Church at Liu Pin Chiao.\" His Majesty's Consul-General addressed a despatch to the Governor calling attention to the serious danger of such missionary guards, but he has received no reply. It is asserted that the local Brigadier asked the mission to keep this body of men as a protection. The native priest, however, told an English missionary, in the presence of the Prefect, that these men had all become Roman Catholics on their dismissal by the Police Bureau, in whose employment they had been, in consequence of certain disturbances with the native Protestant converts.\n\nFurther evidence as to the lack of brotherly love existing between adherents of the various Christian missions is to be found in the Report of an English missionary, who, on visiting P'u-ch'i, saw a mob of Roman Catholic converts engaged in hanging up an American convert by his thumbs. The American and Roman Catholic missions in that city have only been able to settle serious troubles, which arose between them lately, thanks to the mediation of the Taotai. This Magistrate, however, confesses himself unable to keep the peace between the various missionary sects.\n\nPakhoi.\n\nOn the 15th March this year a slight disturbance broke out in the Kaochou district east of Pakhoi. Three hundred troops were hurriedly dispatched; with their arrival the rebels went quietly back to their fields, and all is now reported safe. In Pakhoi itself there is nothing to show the unsettled state of the surrounding districts. There are about 200 soldiers there. A number of these have been told off as a guard to the foreign community; they are distributed in mat-sheds round the foreign houses. They do not, however, inspire much confidence; little better than a ragged crowd of undisciplined coolies, it is not at all certain that they could be relied upon in an emergency. The Vice-Consul for France, M. Guibert, has been endeavouring for some time past to secure that a Chinese war-vessel shall be permanently stationed there. The Viceroy has so far yielded to his representations as to promise that a gun-boat shall visit the port twice a-month, and that in the event of a serious outbreak it shall remain close at hand until quiet has been restored. As things are at present there would seem to be no necessity for any more elaborate precautions.\n\nVessels arriving at Pakhoi are from time to time boarded by the local Deputy for Foreign Affairs and his detectives to search for rebels. In the case of British vessels a letter is sent, on the steamer's arrival in port, to the captain from His Majesty's Consulate, instructing him to give the Deputy every assistance in his search. He is at the same time warned that in the event of the Chinese authorities wishing to arrest any one he must at once communicate with the Consulate, and must not allow the person to be taken out of the ship before the Consul or his representative has inquired into the matter, and satisfied himself that the accused is implicated in a criminal offence and is a fit subject to be given up. So far no arrests have been made on British ships.\n\nAccording to reports received from His Majesty's Consulate, the French are leaving no stone unturned to increase their influence in the south-west provinces. They are not, however, popular with the Chinese, and a wholesome dread of everything French is, Mr. Harding states, a noticeable feature of the local mind. Rumours are abroad that the Tonkin authorities, to ingratiate themselves with the Chinese Government, and in exchange for certain Railway Concessions in South China, have secretly agreed to surrender to the Chinese authorities all political refugees in Tonkin and Annam. These rumours are, however, emphatically denied by the French papers, which explain that, while so-called Chinese reformers will be kept under surveillance, they will not, if deported, be sent back to China. It is a significant fact, however, that recently a Chinese prisoner—believed to be a revolutionist—was sent from Haiphong to Pakhoi to be handed over to the Chinese authorities. The prisoner arrived in charge of an Annamite soldier, but succeeded in effecting his escape shortly after landing.\n\n3\n\nThe French claim a right, based on the Kuangchow Wan Agreement of 1898, to participate in the building of any railway at Pakhoi. In the present state of Chinese feeling the suggestion of French co-operation is in itself quite enough to give the death-blow to any Chinese ambitions in this respect. It is equally certain that, without the assistance of foreign capital and foreign engineers, it is impossible to hope, at any rate for the present, to see a purely Chinese scheme of railway development come to fruition in these parts. It has also to be remembered that the existence of a railway at Pakhoi would bring the latter once more into competition with the neighbouring French port of Haiphong for the trade of the Yunnan market. This is now practically a dead letter as far as Pakhoi is concerned.\n\nYunnan tin was at one time a most valuable article of export. Now it does not appear in the returns at all, and Yunnan produce finds its way more cheaply and expeditiously to the sea via the French railway to Haiphong, even in spite of the heavy incidence of taxation to which it is subjected en route by the French Customs officials. Participation, therefore, is the least quid pro quo the French will take for the diminution which the building of the railway at Pakhoi would probably cause in the Haiphong trade returns. In view, however, of the strong aversion of the Chinese to French—or in fact any foreign—assistance, it does not seem possible that a Franco-Chinese railway can become an accomplished fact.\n\nThere is a French Government school in Pakhoi founded by the Tonkin Administration. The Director, M. Obl, told Mr. Harding that when he arrived here a little over a year ago, there were only nineteen scholars. He now claims over 100, This is probably an exaggerated figure, but there would seem to be no doubt that the school derives a considerable amount of popularity with the Chinese from the fact that instruction is entirely secular. Prospects of employment in minor posts under the Tonkin Administration are also held out to the most successful pupils.\n\nThat gun-running exists on the Tonkinese border is proved by recent notices in the French press, which, besides giving many rumours of seizures, reports the actual capture of a Greek who was smuggling revolvers and ammunition. During the past quarter also several junks have been detained by the Pakhoi Customs for clandestinely landing arms.\n\nPiracies continue to occur in Pakhoi waters with regular precision. Sometimes it is a junk, at others a village which is looted. Little or nothing is being done by the authorities to check it, their attention being wholly occupied with the greater question of the rebellion.\n\nWuhu.\n\nAnhui Railway.-Chou Hsueh Hsi, a son of Chou Fu, the late Viceroy of Canton, has been elected President of the Anhui Railway Company, and his appointment has been confirmed by the Throne.\n\nDuring the past three months work on the line, so far as can be learnt, has been suspended, but there are signs that the filling-in and bunding of the Company's lot in the General Foreign Settlement, on which is to be situated the river terminus of the line to Kuang-te-chou, are to be undertaken at an early date.\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nExtracts from the Chinese Press.\n\nTHE following extracts from the native press are of interest :-\n\n\"New German Railway in Shantung.-The German-Chinese Company at present developing coal mines in Yi Hsien have decided to construct a line for the transport of their coal from the mines to T'ai Erh Chuang. A contract for the construction of the line and the supply of rolling-stock has been made with Arnold Karberg and Carlowitz and Co., the cost being estimated at 1,600,000 marks. German engineers are to be engaged.\"\n\n\"Measures adopted against River Pirates in Kiangsu and Chekiang.-The Provincial Treasurer Jui has organized a force to patrol the lakes and canals of Chekiang and\n\n[1819 -3]\n\nB 2", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416714, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 41, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "provided that when an Archbishop or Bishop asks for an interview with a Governor-General, Governor, Treasurer, Judge, Taotai, Prefect, Sub-Prefect, Department or District Magistrate, the Chinese official of any of the ranks above mentioned shall return the courtesy in accordance with the rank of the missionary.\n\nThe object of the Tsung-li Yamên in arranging definite rules for the relations between territorial officials and missionaries was to facilitate the settlement of missionary questions. As, however, it cannot be claimed that Bishops and others who are doing missionary work in China have in reality any official position they cannot be regarded as being of equal rank with Governor-Generals, Governors, or other officials. The attitude adopted by territorial officials towards missionaries in recent times has, too, been of quite a different character to that existing at the time when these Regulations were laid down. Furthermore, since these Regulations were promulgated there have been cases where missionaries have arrogated to themselves the use of the official insignia of territorial officials, and have thereby given rise to misconceptions in the minds of the ignorant populace. This was certainly not contemplated when the Regulations were issued, and the time is now opportune for introducing such modifications as will make them entirely satisfactory.\n\nThe Board request, therefore, that Imperial instructions be issued for the annulment of the provisions contained in the Tsung-li Yamên's Memorial regulating the official intercourse between territorial officials and missionaries in accordance with the rank of the missionaries, and that in future it shall only be necessary that the relations between territorial officials and missionaries shall, in accordance with Treaty provisions, be conducted with courtesy. On receipt of Imperial instructions to this effect the Board will at once issue the necessary directions to the provincial authorities for transmission to their subordinates.\n\nOn the 10th April the following Imperial Rescript was received:--\n\nApproved.\n\n<<\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nMemorandum by Dr. Morrison,\n\nDURING recent years opportunity has been given me to travel in many provinces of China and to discuss, with all manner of men, every conceivable subject dealing with the Empire and its foreign relations. In all this time nothing has impressed me more deeply than the unanimity with which all disinterested observers have condemned Chinese procedure in connection with the Catholic question. Condemnation has indeed gone to the extent of affirming that, probably never in the history of any country has there been a more astonishing surrender of national dignity than when, on the 15th March, 1899 (4th day, 2nd moon, 25th year Kuang Hsü), Imperial assent was given to the Memorial of the Tsung-li Yamên granting Chinese official rank to Catholic missionaries, proclaiming throughout the Empire that a Catholic Bishop was entitled to the rank and dignity of a Viceroy, commanding that even the simplest priest should be accorded honour to that of a Prefect, and decreeing that Catholic functionaries should have the right to arrange affairs locally with the Chinese authorities. Now, in the great majority of cases the Bishop and the priests are of higher rank than the local authorities, for there are few Viceroys--at that time eight in all, now nine--while there are no less than forty-six Catholic Bishops equal in rank to Viceroys. There are 1,100 Catholic missionaries, a number far in excess of local authorities of equal rank, so that in many large areas the Catholic priest has the highest official rank in the whole district. What is the effect of this? If the Bishop and priest are conceded this authority by Imperial Decree, will they not use it? Will not Chinese of bad character join their Church in order to obtain the support of such high functionaries? It is a well-established fact that the exercise of authority and assumption of rank, voluntarily given by China in the Rescript above referred to, are a source of a large proportion of the trouble with which the authorities are confronted in the internal administration of the Empire.\n\nThis Rescript ought to be cancelled forthwith. No excuse, no apology. It is purely a question of internal administration. The Rescript was in reply to a Memorial of the Tsung-li Yamên. No explanation need be given; the Rescript has been a failure, circumstances have materially changed since that date. Fair trial has been given. The Rescript should now be withdrawn.\n\nI draw your attention to certain considerations:--\n\nThe\n\n1. In the Memorial the words \"France\" and \"French\" do not occur. The Memorial was in the interests of the Catholic religion. It was drawn up by Yu K'eng and by Bishop Favier, the latter negotiating not as a Frenchman, but as a Catholic.\n\n2. The Rescript has been adversely criticized by the best Frenchmen. No name stands higher in France than that of Henri Cordier, who is undoubtedly the leading French authority on China. In his work, \"Histoire des Relations de la Chine avec les Puissances Occidentales,\" vol. III, p. 468, M. Cordier, speaking of this Decree, says: “Jamais la France n'eut dû laisser commettre cette faute\" (Never ought France to have allowed this blunder to have been committed). He stigmatizes the Decree as no insignificant factor in the many causes which led to the anti-foreign outbreak of 1900. And he declares that \"ce Décret intempestif et impolitique doit être rapporté le plus tôt possible\" (this untimely and impolitic Decree ought to be withdrawn as soon as possible). When you have a French authority himself urging the repeal of the Decree you cannot lightly disregard his advice, especially as his words were written before those events in France which have led to the expulsion of the very Congregations whom France is protecting in China.\n\n3. Moreover, the Rescript is, I am certain, condemned by the present French Foreign Minister, M. Pichon. When M. Pichon was in Peking it was no secret that, personally, he condemned the Protectorate as disadvantageous to France, because it led to constant embroilment with the Chinese authorities, in cases in which Frenchmen, as such, had no interest. With M. Clemenceau, the Premier, sympathetic, and M. Pichon more than sympathetic, the time could not be better chosen for annulling the Decree. No true French interests would be assailed. On the contrary, there is not a French official in China who has not experienced the anomaly of his position in relation to the Catholic mission, he, the Representative of France, ranking and holding direct intercourse with the Taotai only, while his subject, the French Bishop, or his protégé, the Dutch or Belgian Bishop, have access on an equal footing to the Viceroy.\n\nYou seized the opportunity of the presence of Mr. John Morley in the India Office to undertake the task of opium suppression. You have the same, or even more favourable, opportunity with M. Pichon at the French Foreign Office to take in hand the Catholic question, and annul the Rescript which has been so subversive of the authority and dignity of your officials throughout the interior.\n\n4. When that Rescript was issued conditions in China were widely different. How could the Nanchang case have occurred if the Decree of the 15th March, 1899, had not been in existence? Moreover, it is the duty of every Chinese to encourage the national ambition, and to press forward the development of the consciousness of nationality, and how could greater help be given than by repealing a Decree which exalts a foreign missionary Bishop of no standing in his own country to the level of a Viceroy in the country in which he is a stranger? Have you ever seen the progress of a Bishop in the interior? He travels with the state of a Viceroy, with the paraphernalia of a Viceroy, and exacts the honours of a Viceroy. It is worth going to Ningpo--to speak of a port easily accessible--to see Mgr. Reynaud in procession, in order to realize how destructive of the national dignity has been that unfortunate Decree of the 15th March, 1899.\n\n5. Repeal of the Decree, without giving any reasons, or excuse, or apology, further than that the conditions have changed, would meet with the support of the entire English, American, and Japanese press, to cite only the three countries where the press is most powerful. Its repeal would be welcomed in Russia, in Germany--whose Throne is Protestant--and I am convinced it would be received without demur by the immense mass of public opinion in France.\n\n6. The Rescript having been repealed, China could then come into direct relations with the Pope. France at one time exercised the undisputed Catholic protectorate in China. Every Catholic missionary, no matter what his nationality, obtained his passport through the French Legation or through the French Consul. China even now recognizes the validity of such passports, although they are in many cases direct misrepresentations of the truth.\n\nA Dutchman, or Belgian, or Spaniard, or Portuguese, being a Catholic missionary, can claim a passport from the French authorities. That passport speaks of the bearer as \"our countryman\"—that is, declares him to be a Frenchman--and affirms that the bearer \"enjoys a good reputation in our country\"—that is, in France, though he may never have been in France. Why should China not dispute these passports? Why should China accept a Minister as \"Plenipotentiary\" when he is unable to issue a passport to his own Catholic missionary?\n\n7. As you know, Germany has renounced this protectorate. In 1882 the German Ambassador in Paris informed the French Government that in future his country would\n\n39", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416715, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 42, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "C. 0. 40\n\n4\n\nprotect its own missionaries in China, but it was not till ten years later—on the 22nd July, 1891—that the separation was completed. On that date the German Minister in Peking presented the Catholic German Bishop of Shantung to the Tsung-li Yamên.\n\nItalian\n\n8. Italy has more recently broken away. Her first attempt was in 1884, when the war was in progress between China and France and Signor de Luca was Italian Minister. After the troubled year of 1900 the attempt was renewed, and with success. Missionaries are no longer under French protection. When will Belgian, Dutch, Spanish, Austrian, and Portuguese missionaries be protected by their own Ministers?\n\n9. It is essential that China should come into direct intercourse with the Pope. Negotiations towards this end were made in 1888, when an extraordinary mission was confided by Li Hung Chang to an Englishman named John George Dunn (30th day, 9th moon, 11th year Kuang Hsi (6th November, 1885)). He was to proceed to Rome, and there establish direct relations between China and the Pope. His mission was so far successful that the Pope decided to send a Legate to Peking, and nominated as his first representative Bishop Agliardi, the present Cardinal Bishop of Albano. But France intervened and crushed the project. If the Legate were sent, she threatened to rupture the Concordat by which the Catholic Church in France was maintained by the State, and the Pope, dreading the separation, cancelled the appointment. Now France has torn up the Concordat, has separated the Church from the State, has suppressed the French Embassy to the Vatican, and has expelled the refractory Congregations from France. Surely, if ever there was a time for China to take action, now is the time.\n\n10. But to enter upon direct relations with Rome it is essential that the Decree of the 15th March, 1899, should be first annulled; for, if direct relations are established, there will, as an obvious corollary, be established in China a Catholic hierarchy, with not only, as at present, priests, pro-vicars, vicars, and Bishops, but with Archbishops and Cardinals; and if Bishops are still to rank as equals of Viceroys, what rank can you accord to Archbishops unless equality with Members of the Grand Council; while, as for Cardinals, \"Princes of the Church as they are called, the only rank left for you to give them will be parity with your Imperial Princes,\n\nserve.\n\nThus I have committed to paper some notes which I hope will attract your attention. In this matter I speak as a disinterested onlooker, with no personal interest to serve. There is much that I condemn in your Government, and many reforms that I regard as essential to the well-being of your nation. But no reform is more pressing than this Catholic question—no reform, for it is purely a question of internal administration, that can be more easily accomplished, than the abrogation of that unfortunate Decree of the 15th March, 1899. Now is the time and opportunity.\n\nAt a Conference, held in Shanghae on the 21st October, 1899, at which were present the Protestant Bishops of China, English and American, and the Bishops of Hong Kong and Corea, the question was discussed whether they should acquire for themselves and their missionaries the same privileges that had been conceded to the Roman Catholic Hierarchy by the Edict of the 15th March, 1899. The Bishops unanimously decided that it was inadvisable to take such a step. They had no wish to 'complicate their spiritual responsibilities by the assumption of political rights and duties, such as have been conceded\" in the Edict referred to. The Resolution of the Conference was communicated on the 31st October, 1899, by the British Chargé d'Affaires to Lord Salisbury, and was by him submitted to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the head of the Church of England. The Archbishop approved of the decision taken by the Bishops, considering that \"both as a matter of principle and of policy it was undesirable that Protestant missionaries in China should claim the privileges\" conceded by the Edict.\n\nThe British Government concurred in this view, and the British Chargé d'Affaires in Peking was instructed by despatch, dated the 27th February, 1900, to take no further action in the matter.\n\nPeking, May 1, 1907.\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[21203]\n\nNo. 1.\n\nSir Edward Grey to Sir C. MacDonald.\n\n7 JUL 08\n\n[June 16.]\n\nSECTION 1.\n\n(No. 154.) Sir,\n\nForeign Office, June 16, 1908.\n\nI told the Japanese Ambassador to-day that the United States' Ambassador had spoken to me on the subject of the Russian contention at Harbin.\n\nIt was understood that the Russians claimed complete jurisdiction over 47 square miles at Harbin. This claim seemed to go beyond a fair interpretation of the Railway Agreement; it would create an imperium in imperio, and would be consistent neither with the integrity of China nor the \"open door.\"\n\nI understood that Mr. Root had expressed this view to the Japanese Ambassador at Washington, as he feared the Japanese might be going to support the Russian contention.\n\nI had told the United States' Ambassador we agreed in the view that such an interpretation of the Railway Agreement would not be consistent with the integrity of China and the \"open door,\" but that we were not prepared to take the initiative in opposing it unless British interests were concerned. We had no Consul at Harbin.\n\nI gathered that the Japanese Government were not committed to the Russian view, and I thought they ought to know that the United States' Ambassador had spoken to me and the view I had expressed.\n\nI had told the United States' Ambassador that we had, in our discussions with Japan, upheld the policy of the \"open door\" with regard to such points as had arisen in South Manchuria, such, for instance, as customs dues at Dalny and equal rates on the Manchurian Railway, and that the Japanese Government had met us on these points.\n\nIf necessary, I should at any time be very glad to discuss this question of the railway jurisdiction with the Japanese, and my only object in mentioning the matter now was that I thought the Japanese Government ought to know what had passed and the view we had taken of the question.\n\n[1819 q-1]\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed) E. GREY.\n\n0", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416754, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 81, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "2\n\neagerness in any part of the province to subscribe capital for the enterprise, and the Acting British Consul-General reports that there exists a great deal of dissatisfaction on account of the \"rent share\" system (see Mr. Fox' Report inclosed in Sir J. Jordan's despatch No. 245 of last year). Indeed, it is estimated that the present taxation on cultivated land, including this rent share subscription, is not far short of 10 per cent. per annum of the value of the crops. The Acting Viceroy has been compelled to prohibit all meetings where the general dissatisfaction is likely to find expression in \"reckless oratory,\" and great efforts are being made, by lectures and other means, to stimulate public interest in the railway scheme. Past experience has not taught the officials that it will be well nigh impossible to raise funds for railway construction without having recourse to foreign assistance, and the Acting Viceroy, under instructions from the Board of Posts and Communications, has officially stated that there is no intention of employing foreign capital in the case of this railway.\n\nChinan-fu.\n\nHis Majesty's Consul reports the arrival at Chinan-fu of Yuan Shu-hsün, who has taken over charge of the province, as Acting Governor, from Wu Ting-pin. The latter is returning to his home, not having taken up his new post of Treasurer of Chihli on the ground of ill-health.\n\nYuan Shu-hsün will be remembered in connection with the Shanghai riots of 1905, when his attitude as Tantai was not such as to lead one to attribute to him any very friendly feelings towards foreigners.\n\nKiukiang.\n\nA Japanese post office was opened early in March in the British Concession, and bids fair to become a serious rival to the Chinese Imperial Postal Service. The complaints that are made against the latter are numerous and serious, involving cases not only of delay and loss of money orders and parcels, but also of breach of confidence and absence of secrecy. From the reports of His Majesty's Consul it would not seem that the good reputation which the Chinese Post Office enjoys elsewhere is in any degree maintained in the Kiukiang district.\n\nKanchou Riot.--Various officials have been dealt with by Imperial Decree as a result of the outbreak in the Kanchou district last autumn (see Monthly Summary inclosed in Sir J. Jordan's despatch No. 104 of the 3rd March, 1908). One Magistrate has been dismissed from the public service for ever, while four other officials have been handed over to the Board concerned to receive the severest penalties.\n\nThe supersession in Nan Chang of Chuang Taotai by Taotai Wang Kan-ching means the removal of an official whose attitude to foreigners has always been one of obstruction and hostility.\n\nForeign Missions.\n\nA report received from His Majesty's Consul at Chinan-fu shows that the Western \"conscientious objector\" is finding his imitators in the Far East.\n\nA tax is being levied by the local authorities in several districts of Shantung for the purpose of repairing the local Confucian temples. In some instances native Christians have sought the support of missionaries in claiming exemption from payment of this tax. They maintain that the imposition of such taxes upon Christians is contrary to Treaty rights, and, further, that their consciences will not permit them to contribute to the up-keep of institutions where ceremonies repugnant to their religious convictions are performed. Among the native converts, if not among the missionaries, a righteous indignation is almost universally expressed at the thought of the proceeds of the tax being devoted to the maintenance of so idolatrous a form of worship, though the more moderate party is inclined to draw nice distinctions between the national Confucian religion and the more superstitious Buddhist and Taoist creeds. The latter question is one that affords great scope for ingenious theological arguments, hinging on the moot point as to whether Confucianism is an idolatrous religion or merely a national code of morals; indeed, the learned teachers of Christianity in China have found in this question a fertile source of controversy for the last three hundred years.\n\nThe point of conscience appears to be too delicate for any but theologians to determine, but, as regards the Treaty rights claimed by the converts, the only justification for such a claim is to be found in Article 14 of the American Treaty of 1903, which provides that converts are to be exempt from the payment of taxes \"levied for the support of religious customs and practices contrary to their faith.\" On the other hand, Confucianism is the State religion of China, and, as the new Governor of Shantung very sensibly pointed out in a conversation with His Majesty's Consul, the Confucian temples are national Chinese institutions, the support of which is a legitimate charge on the public revenue.\n\nAt Chengtu, the West China Missionary Conference passed a Resolution appointing a Committee to consider what measures could be taken to prevent the importation of cigarettes. This Resolution is directed against the British-American Tobacco Company, and the American Consul is very indignant with the American missionaries for trying to harm a Company whose capital is largely American.\n\nThis same Conference was addressed at its opening meeting by a deputy from the Acting Viceroy, who, after congratulating the Protestant missions on their reputation for abstaining from political intrigues, proceeded to give the members some sound advice as regards the choice of candidates for conversion, hinting that Chinese did not always embrace Christianity from purely religious motives. It is satisfactory to note that the members of the Conference seem to have taken his words in good part.\n\nBoycott of Japanese Goods.\n\nFrom the information contained in the Quarterly Intelligence Report, sent to this Legation by His Majesty's Consulate-General at Canton, it would seem doubtful whether the boycott will be able to affect Japanese trade to a really serious extent in that city. The importation of coal, for instance, is largely in the hands of the Japanese, and it would be practically impossible to obtain coal from any other source. The Society which plays the leading part in the movement, the so-called \"Self-Government\" Society, is one not much respected by the better class of Cantonese merchants, its head being a bankrupt banker. The efforts of this Society, aided by the prejudice which does exist against Japanese goods, will, however, probably not be without a certain effect, temporary though it may be, on the business done by the local Japanese traders.\n\nThe opinions expressed by the native journals in general as to the desirability of the boycott vary widely. On the one hand a large section of the press clamour loudly in favour of the movement, hailing it as an expression of national indignation at the disgrace inflicted on China by the Government's weakness over the \"Tatsu Maru\" incident. On the other hand, we find Chinese papers deprecating a boycott; their tone is no less jingoistic than that adopted by the pro-boycott press, but they base their attitude on the advantages reaped by British, German, and American trade from the check to Japanese commercial enterprise. They point out that to boycott the goods of any one country is merely to push the trade of the other foreign nations who are exploiting China for their own selfish ends. This view is expressed, not without a certain pathos, by the \"Universal Gazette\" (Hankow): \"It follows that all our trouble only brings immediate success to others. Therefore the better policy is to encourage the manufacture and use of native imitations.\"\n\nThe Native Press on Railways.\n\nThere are few subjects on which the Chinese press waxes so eloquent as on that of the connection between Chinese railways and foreigners. With tireless zeal the papers insist on the dangers attaching to the influx of foreign capital, and point to the profit which would attend the substitution of Chinese for foreign ownership of the railways. Unfortunately their readers seem slow to learn their lesson, as most attempts to raise loans for railway enterprises have shown.\n\nA series of articles which have appeared in the \"Universal Gazette,\" on the much-debated Chekiang Railway question, are typical of the tone adopted by the press. Taking the Loan Agreement as his theme, the writer draws attention to the dark British schemes which lurk hidden under such Agreements. Great Britain, whom the writer terms the \"leading devil in the work of destroying nations by trade,\" is bent on securing complete control of the Yang-tsze Valley, and \"if England can get the Shanghai-Nanking and Soochow-Hangchow-Ningpo Railways, she will hold China's natural Treasury, Kiangsu-Chekiang, and later advance her sphere over Anhui and Kiangsi, ultimately obtaining the Canton-Hankow Railway section in Hunan.\" Chinese should therefore subscribe towards the redemption of foreign-owned railways, gaining thereby not only great financial profit, but also the glory which attaches to true patriots.\n\nThe same paper has an article about the Hsinmintun-Fakumen Railway, and takes...\n\n3\n\n...\n\n78", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 422520, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 549, "title": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## No. 18.\nSir E. Satow to the Marquess of Lansdowne.--(Received October 26.)\n\nPeking, August 31, 1903.\n**MR. GEORGE JAMIESON** having learned from his principals in London that they had accepted the general railway arrangement come to recently between Prince Ching and Mr. Townley, as reported in the latter's despatch No. 299 of the 12th instant, asked Mr. Townley to notify to the Wai Wu Pu that he was about to proceed to Shanghae with a view to negotiating with Sheng Ta-jên the details of the arrangement for placing the Peking Syndicate's Tsechou-Taokou line on the same footing as the Chenting-Taiyuen line, as agreed to by the Chinese Government.\n\nThe Ministers having replied that the necessary instructions had been telegraphed to Sheng Ta-jên, Mr. Townley so informed Mr. Jamieson, who has now left for Shanghae.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) **ERNEST SATOW**.\n\n## No. 19.\nSir E. Satow to the Marquess of Lansdowne.--(Received October 26.)\n\nPeking, September 3, 1903.\nWHILST at Rangoon on my way to China I received from Dr. Moule, the Bishop of Mid-China, a letter in which he informed me that he had entered into correspondence with the local authorities of the Province of Chekiang respecting the arrest of a baptized Chinese member of the Anglican Mission, who was imprisoned together with two other Chinese, not Christians. The Bishop inclosed to me copy of a letter addressed by him to the foreign Bureau of the province, in which he refers to the \"liberties of my fellow Christians under Treaty,\" and he asked me to give him an interview on my arrival at Shanghae.\n\nAccordingly, I received his Lordship at Shanghae on the 13th August. I found on inquiry that he had taken action in this case without putting the matter before His Majesty's Consul at Ningpo, and I thought it desirable therefore to point out to him that intervention on behalf of a Chinese subject could only be made under the Treaty if it appeared that Article VIII had been violated; that missionaries were not the accredited Agents of the British Government for seeing to the observance of the Treaty, and that his proper course would have been to lay the case before the Consul. I acquainted him with the results of my conversation in April last on this and other matters with a deputation including representatives of his own Society, as well as of nearly all the Societies which are engaged in missionary work in China, and reminded him of the views expressed by the Secretary of the Church Missionary Society in October 1902 in a letter from their Secretary to the Fuhkien Mission, which were in accordance with my own.\n\nBishop Moule replied that he was glad to have this point laid down definitely and would be guided in future by what I had said to him.\n\nSince return here I have received a further letter from the Bishop, asking me to send him in writing a statement of the principle on which I object to direct communication between missionaries and mandarins. He also requested me to state how the principle should be applied in detail to cases such as were indicated by him in his letter.\n\nThe cases cited were one in which he appealed to the Governor in 1899 on behalf of one Yen Wante (described by him as \"the T'ai-chow insurgent\") in consequence of representations from the Magistrate and his subordinates of that region, where he acted as he states with the cognizance of His Majesty's Consul-General at Shanghae. His motive, he informs me, was \"anxiety for the safety of foreign missionaries in T'ai-chow, seriously threatened by commotions which mandarins and Protestant missionaries alike attributed to Romanist unwisdom.\" And again in 1900-1901, having been invited by His Majesty's Consul-General at Shanghae and His Majesty's Consul at Ningpo to send in claims for the wreck and plunder of Mission property during the riots of 1900, the missionaries charged with the preparation of these statements added petition for relief from native Christians. These were forwarded to Mr. Wilkinson and to Sir Pelham Warren, and the missionaries ultimately proceeded to the locality to arrange for the apportionment of the Award made after explanations had been furnished to Mr. Wilkinson and the Taotsi.\n\n\"The missionaries,\" he remarks, \"not unnaturally resorted to the District Magistrate for advice and assistance, and a practice of direct reference to him has therefore been strengthened, which has its inconveniences no doubt, but which it may be difficult to supersede entirely by reference to Consuls, in the case of places distant from any Consul's residence.\"\n\nIn another case, Sir Pelham Warren, having communicated the missionary statement to the provincial Bureau of Foreign Affairs, the latter directed the Magistrate to call on Bishop Moule with a view of fixing the amount to be paid on account of native losses.\n\nBishop Moule adds that he supposes I should not object to a missionary, situated as he is, making direct application to the district Magistrate for assistance in recovering property stolen from his house.\n\nIn replying to the Bishop I have admitted to him that I should not object to any other missionary applying to a mandarin for redress, for himself, any more than to a British subject taking such a step, if he considered it desirable to go direct to the mandarin instead of appealing first to the Consul for assistance.\n\nWith regard, however, to the cases cited by him by way of examples, it certainly appears that if the motive was anxiety for the safety of missionaries, it would have been for the Consular officer himself to take steps, and not to leave the protection of life to the missionaries themselves. But I feel that at this distance of time it would serve no useful purpose to express to the Bishop an opinion on this point, nor to criticise the method by which the claims of native converts were adjusted in 1900. I, therefore, contented myself by observing that it would be impossible for me to lay down rules for dealing with such cases, and that I do not feel authorized to make exceptions beforehand.\n\nI reiterated, however, my verbal statement made at Shanghae, that the Consuls and the Minister, and not the missionaries, are the accredited Agents of His Majesty's Government for seeing to the execution of the Treaty, and that if a missionary has reason to believe that Article VIII has been violated, he should lay the case before a Consul or before the Minister, in order that the necessary steps may be taken to redress the wrong. I pointed out that Article VIII seems to have been intended to prevent the persecution of Christians on the ground of their religion, and that the object of the British Plenipotentiary was not to obtain a right of interference whenever a native Christian considered that he had been treated unjustly. Consequently, such complaints of converts would have to be carefully examined by the Consul in order to see whether the element of religious persecution could be discerned. I added that I hold this principle to be applicable to all cases, no matter the distance from a Consular officer at which the missionary or convert may be residing.\n\nAs the Bishop quoted instances in which direct and independent communication between the missionaries of his Society and Chinese officials had been authorized by Consular officers, it appeared to me desirable that His Majesty's Consuls should be made aware of the views I was expressing to the Bishop, and I, therefore, addressed to them simultaneously a Circular, copy of which I have the honour to inclose, embodying the substance of my reply to his Lordship.\n\nThe only case in which the direct interference of a missionary would be justifiable is, I think, when the missionary, or the convert on whose behalf a complaint is made, resides at a distance from one of His Majesty's Consuls, and there is imminent danger of an extreme character threatening the personal safety of the converts.\n\nThe most frequent complaint brought by the Chinese authorities against missionaries is that they are too apt to interfere on behalf of their converts in both civil and criminal cases, and though I believe that the vast majority of missionaries, including all those of the China Inland Mission, entirely refrain from such interference, it is not the prudence of the many that influences opinion, but the mistaken zeal of the few that works harm. On the other hand, what has been written and printed on the subject shows that instances of Chinese affecting the attitude of \"inquirers\" in order to obtain... It seems to me, consequently, that the protection of missionaries are by no means rare.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 422521, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 550, "title": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## 12 \n\na strict adherence to the rule of non-intervention is calculated to disarm the opposition of the mandarins, to help in the preservation of peace between converts and non-converts, and to further the spread of a genuine Christianity among the Chinese.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) **ERNEST SATOW**.\n\n## 13 \n\nreceived from the Acting British Consul-General at Shanghae, forwarding copies of correspondence with the Viceroy of Nanking on the subject of the arrest at Shanghae of the Chinese charged with sedition in connection with the \"Supao\" newspaper.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed) **ERNEST SATOW**.\n\n## Inclosure in No. 19.\n\n**Circular addressed by Sir E. Satow to His Majesty's Consuls in China.**\n\n**(Confidential.)** Sir,\n\nCASES have come to my notice in which missionaries have addressed themselves directly to Chinese officials, either verbally or in writing, on behalf of their Chinese converts, instead of acting through the proper channel, which is one of His Majesty's Consuls or the head of His Majesty's Legation.\n\nPeking, August 31, 1903.\n\nSuch intervention, I presume, would be defended on the ground that some action has been taken in regard to the convert which is in violation of Article VIII of the Treaty of Tientsin.\n\nIt is necessary, however, to point out that missionaries are not accredited Agents of the British Government for the enforcement of the Treaty, and Article VIII was not intended to confer upon missionaries any right of intervention on behalf of native Christians.\n\nI do not see any objection to a missionary addressing the local Chinese authorities directly on any matter affecting himself personally, such as, for instance, a robbery that has been committed at his house, or any similar private affair.\n\nIf, however, a missionary has to complain on behalf of himself that his teaching is interfered with, or that a Chinese preacher or convert has been interfered with or persecuted, his proper course is to lay the facts before the Consul of the district in which he resides, who after due examination will make such representations to the Chinese authorities as the case may require.\n\nHis Majesty's Consuls are not authorized to delegate their duties in this respect to missionaries.\n\nI have reason to know that this view is shared by the managing bodies of British Protestant Missionary Societies who carry on Mission work in China, and I understand that it is accepted and acted on by most of the missionary bodies in China.\n\nThe fact that a missionary or the convert on whose behalf a complaint is made resides at a distance from one of His Majesty's Consuls is not sufficient reason for the missionary taking upon himself the duty of the Consul, and his intervention could only be justified when there was imminent danger of an extreme character threatening the safety of converts.\n\nI have accordingly to request you to act upon what is laid down in this Circular, and to acquaint missionaries with its contents whenever it seems likely to be departed from.\n\nI am persuaded that if missionaries uniformly refrain from direct intervention on behalf of native Christians, and confine their action to representing to His Majesty's Consuls cases of actual persecution, such a course will redound to the preservation of peace between converts and non-converts, and to the spread of a genuine Christianity among the people of China.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed) **ERNEST SATOW**.\n\n## No. 20.\n\n**(No. 318.)** My Lord,\n\n**Sir E. Satow to the Marquess of Lansdowne.-(Received October 26.)**\n\nWITH reference to Mr. Townley's despatch No. 302 of the 17th August, I have the honour to transmit to your Lordship herewith a copy of a despatch which I have received.\n\nPeking, September 8, 1903.\n\n**(No. 26.)** Sir,\n\n## Inclosure 1 in No. 20.\n\n**Acting Consul-General Mansfield to Sir E. Satow.**\n\nShanghae, September 1, 1903.\n\nI HAVE the honour to inclose copies and translations of correspondence exchanged with his Excellency the Viceroy Wei on the subject of the \"Supao\" case since the 22nd July, the date of my last report.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) **R. W. MANSFIELD**.\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 20.\n\n**Viceroy Wei to Acting Consul-General Mansfield.**\n\n[Received August 8, 1903.]\n\nI LEARNED from the Taotai Wang Chia-tang, who returned a few days ago to Nanking from Shanghae, and from telegrams sent by the Taotai Yuan, of the capture of the criminals, and the closing of the \"Supao\" printing office.\n\nI am really exceedingly grateful to you for your great trouble and assistance. But the Municipal Council has not yet handed over the criminals, contrary to Treaty Regulations.\n\n| Treaty Reference | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tien-tsin, 1858, Article XXI | \"If criminals, subjects of China, take refuge in the houses or on board the vessels of British subjects at the open ports, they shall not be harboured or concealed, but shall be delivered up, on due requisition by the Chinese authorities, addressed to the British Consul.\" |\n\nThe purpose of a Treaty between the two countries is the settlement of international matters, and it is clearly laid down in such Treaty that the Contracting Parties shall mutually observe its provisions.\n\nMoreover, the admissions made by Chang, Tsou, and the other criminals, and the seditious matter contained in the 'Supao Gazette,\" have both been proclaimed by the Taotai of Shanghae, and with these you also at an early date were fully acquainted.\n\nVagabonds all the world over who want to raise the standard of revolt ever seize upon some pretext.\n\nAt the present time the country is full of evil characters; if these criminals are not severely punished the tendency is that great numbers of them should follow the example set: the evil accruing therefrom will never end, and both China and foreign nations will suffer thereby.\n\nAnd so in this matter, in accordance with Treaty Regulations, with respect to the circumstances and particulars, the criminals ought to be handed over to the Chinese Government to be dealt with, so as to be able to nip this rebellion in the bud and give peace to the country.\n\nIn any matter rising between us colleagues, we must, of a necessity, determine it in a spirit of amity in the hope of securing the peace of all.\n\nI sincerely hope that you will strongly advise the Municipal Council to hand over the prisoners, according to Treaty Regulations and to the promotion of friendly relations.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Card of Viceroy.)", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 422718, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 121, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "8 \n\nSome of the Company had formed the impression that certain individuals were behind the Company, but I was assured that such was not the case. I venture to think that the difficulties the Chinese have in these matters are due to the knowledge that the money behind the Company is provided by the Russo-Chinese Bank, who have also probably bought off the Bogdo's opposition, and that it is this knowledge which is the real cause of the Amban's opposition.\n\nThe educational wave which is spreading over China has reached Kalgan, and at one time the services of a Japanese were engaged as foreign professor; they were not, however, satisfactory and were dispensed with. The Chinese then applied to the Protestant ministers for lectures, but these could not see their way to acceding to the request.\n\nLess snow falls in winter than in Peking; this season lasts, however, considerably longer than in the capital.\n\nThe main street of the Shangpu (upper citadel) is a torrent bed which is dry for the greater part of the year. It is dotted with Chinese booths selling goods of every kind. In summer, the street is liable to inundations, and many lives are lost annually, despite which the foolish Chinese continue to make use of the street for their shops. These inundations, which occur sometimes in the finest and driest season, take the form of a wave as much as 10 feet high, which dashes down without any warning, sweeping away everything in its path. This inundation is due to the nature of the country between Kalgan and the Mongolian plateau; Mr. Campbell has described the nature of this so accurately that I beg to quote an extract from his Report:\n\n\"To the Kalgan gap, the waters draining from some 2,000 square miles of the Mongol escarpment converge, and the quantities of eroded rocks and boulders cumbering the depths of the valley, and the bed of the Tung chiaoho suggest torrents of magnitude. Two ravines descend the heights and join at the gap; the smaller ravines and depressions run into these two, and they in turn have their branches and so on until the watershed is reached in minute folds and cuttings. The deciding rim averages 4,800 feet above the sea and Kalgan is 2,700 feet, but the distance from the rim in places is scarcely over 12 miles, and whenever a monsoon thunderstorm bursts over the ramification of ravines, the floods descend too rapidly for the capacity of the exit, and the waters are backed up at the gap.\"\n\nApril 11 - Although the journey to Kweihuacheng from Kalgan only takes from six to seven days by the route outside the Great Wall as compared with eight by that to the south of the wall, I decided to travel by the latter, thereby being enabled to visit the large cities of North Shansi.\n\nWe left Kalgan by the great high road of North Shansi, and kept in a south-westerly direction down to the valley of the Yangho and up on to rising ground on the other side. The country is dry, bleak, and dusty. We passed plenty of traffic all day long, carts, mules, and donkeys all bringing goods to the great distributing centre of Kalgan. Many Mongols overtook us during the day, riding rapidly to the Wutaishan. Soon after noon, we halted at Hochiatun, having had to climb for an hour through loess country and low foot hills to the mountains. Continuing up the well-watered valley of a tributary of the Yangho, the mountains on either hand are bleak and bare, and cultivation and trees are confined to the plain. In many places on the stream, there were stretches of ice a foot or so in thickness. From time to time along the valley, numerous well-kept temples, nestling on seemingly inaccessible crags, testified to the piety or fear of past and present generations of credulous country folk. We slept the night at Chin Hwainan.\n\nApril 12 - An interesting feature of this village is a large and very ancient willow tree in the main street, which stretches one arm across the road; this tree is covered with red paper decorations and inscriptions, and at its foot, an ignorant peasantry have erected an altar, at which joss sticks are burnt daily before carts start on a journey, and in front of which the peasants kowtow. It is an interesting relic of tree worship, of which I have already seen one other example on the southern descent from the Wutaishan.\n\nA good road through loess defiles and across open country brought us to Hwaian, a small district town surrounded by a high wall. The town looks busy, thriving, and well-to-do, but is considerably smaller inside than its length of wall would lead one to expect from the outside. Like so many walled cities in China, the founders made provision for an expansion which time has not justified. We arrived at Hwaian in time for a large funeral, which was accompanied by the usual scattering of paper cash, models of the deceased's house, pony, chair, and by the wailing hired mourners, and banging of cymbals and letting off of fire crackers. The coffin was followed by a cart full of women of the house howling noisily; all of which, as the tree worship this morning, caused my boy, a 4 years' convert to Christianity, to express his wrath. Personally, I agreed with Emerson that I was glad the pagan idols died hard. On leaving Hwaian, we overtook a line of over 200 carts, each drawn by one mule, carrying tea from Kalgan to Kweihuacheng; this and the fact that we passed to-day many mules and camels laden with wool and tobacco show that there is a steady flow of traffic along this difficult road, and points to the real need of a railway. The road was good to-day for the most part, but muddy and spongy in places; this resulted in our coming badly to grief in one place, the cart getting stuck in the mud at a very dangerous angle and the front mule aggravating the difficulty by pulling too sharply and breaking a shaft rope. This was serious, as the process of refitting the rope necessitated the carter crawling underneath the cart like a chauffeur to a motor car, and the cart was in thick greasy mud; it was unpleasant for the carter. A great deal of the road was in the loess country, and some of the ravines were very beautiful, though, as the road was usually too narrow to permit of two carts passing, disagreeable incidents occurred. From Hwaian, we ascended the Tsebi örr ling Pass, and then descended through loess to the quite small walled district town of Tientschönn on the Nan Yaugho valley. A Swedish missionary affiliated to the China Inland Mission is stationed here. The valley is well-watered, fertile, and well-cultivated with a certain amount of timber. A lieutenant and thirty soldiers are stationed here from head-quarters at Tatungfu. Late in the evening, the officer called, asked to see my passport, and insisted on providing an escort for the morrow. At Tientschön, carters have to change the width of their wheels for continuing the journey into Shansi; the roads in this latter province differing from the width of those in Chibli, or rather the width of the ruts being different, and no self-respecting Chinese cart can travel except in the recognized ruts. The width of the cart roads in Chihli and Shansi Provinces is 3 ft. 6 in. and 4 ft. 7 in. respectively, while it is interesting to note that the width of the road in Shensi differs yet again, and is 4 ft. 2 in.; the method of changing the width is to remove the wooden pole connecting the wheels and replace it by another of the standard width; the Chihli pole is kept at the inn until the return journey; no expense is involved in exchanging the poles beyond a small sum for the labour of removing and refitting the wheels.\n\nApril 13 - Three soldiers arrived early to act as escort, but contented themselves with seeing us out of the town. We drifted over the plain to the west, the road being good except where the river or any small tributaries had to be crossed, when the ground was almost impassable, and great détours had to be made to avoid morasses; the carts were, however, once so badly bogged that nothing but spades and poles as levers could extricate them. After passing Errshib li po, we kept along the right bank of the Nanyangho ascending steadily, but almost imperceptibly, to Yangkau another small district town with good walls. The Great Wall of China could here be seen a couple of miles away to our right, not as usual on the top of the mountains, but more than half-way down the ridge. As far as could be seen, the wall here is in excellent condition. There is a Roman Catholic mission-station at Yangkan, but it has a native and no European superintendent. Steadily rising to cross the ridge which serves to part the upper waters of the Nanyangho and the Sangkanho, we pushed on in a south-western direction to Wangkwantun through a well-timbered country.\n\nApril 14 - Ascending gradually to slightly beyond Tsulo, we descended by a good, easy road into the Tatungfu basin and the Sangkanho system, and crossing the Yubo by a bridge half a-mile from Tatungfu, reached a good inn outside the east gate before sunset. During the last 2 miles, many Mongols passed us singly and in groups to the south to bow the knee to their spiritual head, the Dalai Lama, now in residence there. Some were in charge of caravans laden with presents for his Holiness. The Mongols are a great feature of Tatungfu, to the inhabitants of which they are by no means strangers, as they come in hordes every year en route to their Mecca. In spite of their somewhat wretched appearance, they are well-to-do, and as they spend their money freely, chiefly in buying the brass for which Tatungfu is famous, and which costs half what it does in Peking, they are welcome to the inhabitants. Special inns are set aside for them outside the south gate of the town.\n\nTatungfu.\n\nTatungfu is a prefectural town with strong walls in good repair. It is 217 miles from Peking and 240 from Taiyuanfu, the capital of the province. The town is situated between the Yuho and a range of hills. A broad plain stretches to the south.\n\nPage 9 \n[2155 6-1]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 422870, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 273, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n### No. 1.\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received July 20.)\n\n#### SECTION 2.\n\n(No. 228.) Sir,\n\nPeking, June 24, 1909.\n\nWITH reference to your despatch No. 70 of the 10th March relative to the action of the Provincial Government at Canton in placing restrictions upon the sale of raw opium, I have the honour to enclose copy of a despatch from the acting British consul-general at Canton respecting a fresh complaint received from Messrs. David Sassoon and Co. about certain new regulations sanctioned by the Canton Government for the control of the sale and purchase of raw opium, together with a copy of the reply which I have addressed to Mr. Fox.\n\nI would take this opportunity of pointing out that in your despatch No. 70 of the 10th March, as well as in the letter addressed by the Foreign Office to the Colonial and India Offices on the 11th February, mention is made of the rules issued by the Provincial Government of Canton in 1906. As a matter of fact, these rules were dated the 4th September, 1908, and were issued for the purpose of putting into effect the regulations of 1906 promulgated by the Imperial Government.\n\nI find that no copy of my note to Prince Ch'ing referred to by Mr. Fox was forwarded to the Foreign Office, and I beg, therefore, to enclose a copy of my note and also of Prince Ch'ing's reply for convenience of reference.\n\nMr. Fox's despatch No. 51 of the 29th September, 1908, was transmitted in my despatch No. 464 of the 21st October.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n### Inclosure 1 in No. 1.\nActing Consul-General Fox to Sir J. Jordan.\n\n(No. 58.) Sir,\n\nCanton, May 28, 1909.\n\nREFERRING to my despatch No. 51 of the 29th September, 1908, and to subsequent reports on the subject of the regulation of the sale of raw opium in this province, I have the honour to report that I have been again approached by Messrs. David Sassoon and Co., on behalf of the opium merchants in Hong Kong, with a complaint that the Canton Government are about to enforce certain regulations for the control of the sale and purchase of raw opium, which will have the effect of creating a monopoly in favour of certain licensed dealers and thereby seriously affecting the treaty rights of British merchants engaged in the raw opium trade.\n\nI enclose for your inspection copy and translation of—\n\n(a) A proclamation recently issued by the Canton Opium Prohibition Bureau;\n(b) A form of licence to be taken out by all dealers in raw opium; and\n(c) A set of regulations which were to come into force on the 19th instant governing the sale and purchase of raw opium.\n\nAs you are aware, the regulations of the 4th September, 1908, with which the present rules are to all intents and purposes identical, have not been enforced in Canton, and only partially enforced in certain parts of the province. Their suspension is, I believe, in great measure due to the representations which were made to the Viceroy by this consulate-general on behalf of the Hong Kong opium merchants.\n\nThe objectionable features in the new regulations, from the point of view of British importers, are the restrictions placed on the opening of any new shops and the limitation of the quantity that may be purchased at one time.\n\nIn view of the opinion expressed by His Majesty's Government in the correspondence enclosed in your despatch No. 28 of the 11th May, that the terms of the original rules, issued by the Canton Government in September 1908, do not constitute a violation of British treaty rights, I hesitate to enter a protest against the enforcement...\n\nare not troubled by pecuniary considerations would seem to be making no effort to abandon the vice; on the contrary, some of the richer families boast that they have laid in enough opium to last them for fifty years to come. The breaking-off of the opium habit is not such a difficult or lengthy affair as is generally supposed, three weeks or a month being as a rule sufficient to effect a cure, even in bad cases. At Hotsin I met a man who had been accustomed to smoke 4 ounces a day, an exceptionally large amount; the average smoker seldom exceeds a tenth of that quantity, say 4 or 5 mace. He was, however, completely cured, and had not touched the drug for several years.\n\nThe method of treatment adopted in most of these refuges is as follows:-\n\nFor the first five days the patient is given doses of morphia, equivalent to the amount of opium he has been in the habit of consuming; after that the dose is decreased daily by a tenth until none is given at all, and at the same time the patient is nourished on good food, and is further strengthened by means of ordinary tonic medicines. The difficulty lies in the fact that the victim has usually taken to the drug in the first instance to gain relief from some disease, and on his abandoning the habit the malady reappears. Dyspepsia, for instance, is responsible for a good deal of opium smoking, and is very prevalent in Shansi owing to the way the people have of bolting large quantities of half-cooked food.\n\nEnquiries as to the popular sentiment with regard to anti-opium measures generally elicited the reply that the people were on the whole glad that they were being obliged to give up the habit; they could not help realising its pernicious effects, but lacked the moral courage to abandon the drug of their own initiative. There is, however, a section of the community, chiefly of the student class and gentry, who are rather inclined to regard the action of the State as an unnecessary interference with the liberty of the individual, and would prefer to be left in peace to the enjoyment of their pipe.\n\nThe enormous increase in the marketable value of opium in Shansi has had the effect of widening the area under cultivation in the adjoining province, and a missionary writing from Meihsien on the Wei River in Shensi states that the poppy is now grown to such an extent in the Wei Valley that the farmers have actually had to import wheat for their own consumption from other parts of the province, a very unusual state of affairs. It is believed that the prohibition will be extended to Shensi in 1910, so the people are making the most of the opportunities.\n\nIn Honan less opium has been grown this year than last, especially near the main roads, and none was visible from the railway, but I am told that a considerable amount is still being cultivated in various parts of the province.\n\nThe energetic action that has been taken in Shansi is worthy of the highest praise, and it only remains to be seen whether the results are to be permanent or not. The regulations governing the election of representatives in the new scheme of constitutional government expressly exclude all opium smokers from holding office, so it is to be hoped that a safeguard against any reintroduction of the poppy will be afforded by the presence of a body of men in the councils of the capital whose desire for the welfare of the province is unhampered by considerations of a personal nature.\n\nIn conclusion, I would like to express my gratitude to the Protestant missionaries of Shansi, from whom I always received the greatest hospitality and assistance, and to whom I am indebted for much of the information contained in this report.\n\nJ. F. BRENAN.\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government]\n\nPage 271\n14 AUG C.\n\n[July 20.]\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\nCHINA TRADE\n[27367]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 438344, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-391 - Acting Governor Claud Severn Governor Sir May - 1912 [7-8]", "page_number": 113, "title": "CO129-391 - Acting Governor Claud Severn Governor Sir May - 1912 [7-8]", "content_text": "PY.\n\nTo His Excellency\n\nEnclosure 1.\n\nC.\n\n110\n\n10 AUG 4 Sir Frederick John Dealtry Lugard, G.C.M.G., C.B., D.S.O.\n\nGovernor and Commander-in-Chief of the Colony of Hong Kong and its Dependencies, and Vice-Admiral of the same.\n\nThe Humble Petition of the Under-signed Chinese residents of Victoria in the Colony of Hongkong.\n\nHumbly Sheweth:-\n\n1. That your petitioners are eighteen of the leading Members of the Chinese Community of Hongkong, all of whom are permanent residents in this Colony, and most of them are British subjects. They are petitioning on behalf of themselves and their fellow countrymen who have made this Colony their home.\n\n2. That for the last few years the question of a permanent cemetery has become acute among that section of the Chinese inhabitants which has resided in Hongkong for a large number of years and has no intention of returning to China save for temporary purposes, social, commercial or otherwise.\n\n3. That there exists a number of cemeteries for Chinese throughout the Colony, but, with the exception of the one assigned to Chinese Christians, none of them can be considered to be a permanent place of burial, as all of them are liable to periodical and frequent removal of the bodies interred therein. Furthermore, not one of the said cemeteries is well laid out and planted with shrubs, trees, ornamental plants or flowers.\n\n4. That the Colonial Cemetery, otherwise known as the Protestant Cemetery, is nicely laid out and kept, but is filling up rapidly, and very few indeed of the leading Chinese residents can ever hope to obtain places therein for the burial of their dead.\n\n5.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-391 - Acting Governor Claud Severn Governor Sir May - 1912 [7-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 445288, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913", "page_number": 362, "title": "CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913", "content_text": "# OPIUM.\n## CONFIDENTIAL.\n[9278]\n\nPeking, February 12, 1913.\n\n### Sir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received February 27.)\n**(No. 74.)**\n\nSir,\n\nIN continuation of my despatch No. 39 of the 23rd January, I have the honour to enclose consular despatches relating to opium cultivation in the provinces of Fukien, Szechuan, and Yunnan.*\n\n#### Fukien\nHis Majesty's consul at Amoy, on the authority of missionaries and others, confirms previous statements that the poppy is being cultivated to a considerable extent in the Amoy district. The officials have received orders to suppress cultivation without causing disturbances, but they do not consider their military forces at present adequate to carry out these conditional orders and to interfere with the gathering of this season's harvest. His Majesty's consul at Foochow reports that he was informed by the civil commissioner on the 30th January that 1,000 soldiers, who had been sent into the Hsing-hua district some days previously, had arrived there and were engaged in up-rooting the poppy. The civil commissioner was confident that the rebels would not be allowed to interfere with the work of complete destruction. This information, however, does not appear to be borne out by a Reuter's telegram, delivered at Peking on the 30th January, stating that according to an official telegram no action had yet been taken to root up the poppy in the Hsing-hua district, and that the Ming pretender, who had a following of 1,500 men, was receiving a dollar per mow for protecting the poppy-fields.\n\nIn regard to Mr. Werner's reference to Chang-chou and Ch'uan-chou, I forwarded in my despatch No. 37 of the 22nd January an account from a Cantonese sent by his firm in Hong Kong to enquire into poppy cultivation in Chang-chou and Ch'uan-chou estimating the value of the opium under cultivation in these two prefectures at 20,000,000 dollars.\n\n#### Szechuan\nThe Chungking consular report deals with the eastern part of the province only, and is based on letters from Protestant and Roman Catholic missionaries living at inland stations. The vice-consul states that the authorities have made conscientious and determined efforts at suppression, and their measures in most districts have been completely successful in the face of serious difficulties occasioned by distance and popular opposition. There has been, he adds, failure to enforce the orders against cultivation in a few remote spots in the mountain and border districts, but this is due rather to geographical obstacles than to any lack of will. The report is very satisfactory as far as the eastern portion of the province is concerned, but it still remains to be seen whether the other parts, especially the south-west, are clear of the poppy.\n\n#### Yunnan\nThe acting consul-general, in his despatch of the 8th January, believes that, speaking generally, there is a distinct decrease in the area under cultivation this winter as compared with last year, and that this result is in great measure due to the steps taken by the provincial Government to stop the planting of the poppy. Cultivation has, however, been seen, he states, in the east of the province. In a later despatch he gives notes of a tour made by M. Kok, a Dutch missionary, in northern Yunnan from October 1912 to January 1913. The first stage of the journey along the main road from Yunnan-fu to Lichiang (October to November 1912) revealed no opium cultivation, but the time of the year was in any case too early to furnish any signs of the poppy plant. M. Kok's return along the \"small roads\" skirting the borders of Yunnan and Szechuan gave evidence of no inconsiderable cultivation in regions inhabited by non-Chinese tribes, although it would appear that repressive measures are being attempted by the Chinese authorities. M. Wilden, the French delegate at Yunnan-fu, has informed Mr. Fox that the poppy has been planted this winter all along the Yunnan-Tonkin frontier, east and west of Laokay.\n\nNo reports have been received from Tengyueh as to the opium conditions in the west of Yunnan.\n\n*Not printed.\n\nPage 361\n\n## \nWe desire very respectfully to ask whether what we cannot but regard as the off-hand and unfair treatment of the matter in the Under-Secretary's speech is to be taken as representing the final views of Sir Edward Grey on the position which has arisen between the Government and the traders, or whether, on the contrary, the Government do recognise that the traders under the circumstances are entitled to look for assistance from the Government, either in the direction of an arrangement by which their stocks may be taken over and gradually disposed of by the Government, acting either alone or in conjunction with the Government of China, or in some other direction which have the effect of averting the commercial crisis which otherwise appears to be inevitable.\n\nA crisis has been temporarily averted by a combination of the opium merchants to maintain prices so as to reassure the banks and prevent default and failures among the China dealers, whilst trusting in the Home and Indian Governments to come to the rescue before it is too late. This combination has only become possible by the cessation of sales of certified opium and the reduction in the quantity of uncertified opium, but these measures, however valuable, are not alone sufficient.\n\nWe shall esteem it a great favour if you will kindly let us know when we may look for some definite action on the part of Government.\n\nWe are, &c.\n\n**E. D. SASSOON AND Co.** **DAVID SASSOON AND CO. (Limited).**\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nTRE 12 APF 3] \nSECTION \nNo. 1.\n\n0.0 \n1220 \n[February 27.] \n\n[2806 dd-1]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 453075, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-420 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [1-2]", "page_number": 431, "title": "CO129-420 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [1-2]", "content_text": "# Page Thirteen\n## Women Victims of Cossack Outrage One Old Man, Who Tries to Save Daughter From Her Assailants, Is Crucified\n\n**Special Dispatch to \"The Chronicle.\"**\n\nNew York, December 3.- A new story of war atrocity was brought from Galicia today by Mrs. Joseph M. Lacks, whose husband is a merchant in San Francisco. She arrived on the Italian liner Regina d'Italia.\n\n\"I was visiting in Ropczyce, a town not far from Lemburg,\" she said. \"On October 10th word was circulated that the Russians were coming, and that all women would better leave before their arrival. Many women went, but many others, myself among them, did not believe the stories of shameful treatment of women by Cossacks and remained in our homes. The Russians entered the town October 15th.\n\n\"They seemed well enough behaved and seemed to justify our confidence that stories about them were all untrue. So far bad timidity disappeared among the people that everybody went to church on Sunday as though there were no Russians in town.\n\n**But soon after the services began Cossacks appeared at the doors of the churches, interrupted the services and ordered all men, including priests, and all children to leave. The doors were guarded and no women were allowed to get out. Then the doors were locked, and there was a more awful orgy than I believed this world could know.\n\n\"Those outside could hear the women screaming, and the howls and laughter of the Cossacks.\n\n\"One old man who had left his daughter, found the door in the church which was unlocked, and tried to fight his way to her. The Cossacks caught him, crucified him on one of the pillars, and as he screamed in agony, went on with their orgy.\n\n\"By the grace of heaven I did not go to the church. I ran away from the town as soon as I knew what was going on, and made my way to Italy.\"\n\n## How to Live Long\n\nNew York, December 14. Moses Wohl of the Bronx today began his 101st year of life, with this recipe for reaching further milestones:\n\nDrink beer and ale every day, sometimes a little wine; smoke at least seven cigars each day; take a good long walk without a cane; read all the newspapers and don't worry.\n\nWohl, who was seen surrounded by four sons and his daughter, fifteen grandchildren and five great-grandchildren, said he regretted he was a little too old to learn to tango.\n\n## O'CONNELL'S, January 30, 1915\n\n### Want Irish Republic\n\nA curious commentary and interesting sidelight is shown in the recent opposition to John Redmond at contested parliamentary elections in Ireland at present.\n\nSir Roger Casement, Professor McNeill and fully ninety per cent of those opposing Redmond are Irish Protestants.\n\nThis party is seeking to have an Irish Republic or at least a measure of Home Rule given to Ireland as enjoyed by Canada, Australia, or South Africa. To gain their ends, Sir Roger Casement went to Berlin a few weeks ago and presumably made things right there. Sir Roger's party are dead against all recruiting in Ireland until their demands are granted. He has a large following in the Volunteers, particularly in Dublin, Cork and the other principal cities. What a complete answer this is to the old cry of the Orangemen of religious intolerance by their own countrymen, for which the British Government were ready to give all Ulster to the Orange party.\n\nOf course, anyone who knows Ireland and Irish History, knows that many of her greatest leaders and best loved sons were of the Protestant Faith, for instance Wolfe Tone, Emmet, Lord Edward Fitzgerald, Mitchell, Smith O'Brien, Parnell. All venerated and idolized in Ireland to-day and all Protestants.\n\nGod prosper Casement.\n\n## Advertisements\n\n### Have You Got the Carnival Spirit?\n\n#### Old Razors Made New\n\n40 cents each\n\nIf your old razor pulls and irritates your skin let us make a New, Soft, Velvety Edge on it.\n\nThe New American Razor Sharpening Machine will put a Sweet, Keen Shaving edge on the Dullest Razor in a very few minutes.\n\nBring or send AT ONCE.\n\n**Better Than New!**\n\nIs what many of our customers say on trying our Re-Sharpened Safety Razor Blades!\n\nWe re-edge and re-sharpen all makes\n\n70 cents dozen\n\nSee these two wonderful new patented machines at work in our Escolta Stores.\n\nWe return all work promptly, Postage Paid.\n\nWalter E. Olsen & Co.\n\nMANILA\n\n### Ford - THE UNIVERSAL-CAR\n\nThe Car that got right out and did things at Baguio, on the road to Baguio, and back to Manila.\n\n| Type | Price |\n| --- | --- |\n| TOURING | P1380 |\n| RUNABOUT | P1280 |\n\nE. C. McCullough & Co.\n\n### For Heating Purposes In The Factory Or Home\n\nThere is no other fuel better than **COKE**\n\nIt's clean, intensely hot and economic\n\n**COKE** reduces your Fuel Expenses\n\nWe will deliver it to your Factory or Home.\n\nManila Gas Corporation\n\nCalle Otis, Paco\n\nPhone 289, Manila\n\n### INSULAR LUMBER CO.\n\nManufacturers and Wholesalers of Tanguile, Almon, and Apitong Lumber, Flooring and Ceiling\n\nEvery Piece Bandsawn\n\nWith Modern Machinery\n\nWe Guarantee Perfect Manufacture and Prompt Deliveries\n\nBuy The Best\n\nMILL: Fabrica, Negros Occ., P. O. Box 455\n\nMain office: 805-813 Echague, Manila\n\nYarde: Manila, Iloilo, Cabu\n\nSucs. de C. FRESSEL & C (G. Ludwig S. en C.)\n\n**CEMENT PIPE BRICK & TILE MAKERS**\n\nGeneral Importers and Exporters\n\nTel. 195\n\nFACTORY SANTA MESA, PASIG RIVER\n\n446-456 Nueva, Binondo\n\nManila, P. I.\n\n### ARE YOU READY FOR THE BIG 1915 CARNIVAL?\n\nMANILA, JAN. 30 to FEB. 7, 1915\n\nIf not, hurry, as only a few days remain before the big show opens\n\nFIVE TREMENDOUS FREE ACTS EVERY DAY\n\nMadam Garcia's Death Whirl in an Automobile.\n\nLa Belle and Williams in the Slide for Life, and aerial acts, etc., etc.\n\nDON'T FORGET WHILE ON THE GROUNDS TO VISIT\n\nThe Cave of the Winds,\n\nThe Wild Man with a Tail,\n\nThe Two-headed Baby,\n\nMorrow the Magician, South before the War Minstrels, The Cavite Dwarf,\n\nand a hundred other shows and amusements\n\n## Page Twelve", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-420 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [1-2].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 492769, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]", "page_number": 122, "title": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]", "content_text": "121\n\nsögug fra gvinah I\n\n生\n\nbaymum 24 „0%Praben: ! „rakuskéng ni\n\ntresanj në\n\n...\n\nTO\n\n.f\n\nadam adê to ovĚŠNOQUETTİ\n\ncannot be admitted or readmitted to the Colony at present.\n\nWith regard to other aliens a scheme is now in operation under which His Majesty's Government recognises societies recommended by certain Protestant Missionary Conferences, and by the Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster. The members of these societies are admitted into the British Colonies and India upon their producing credentials from the societies to which they belong. Any society recognised by His Majesty's Government will, of course, if necessary, be recognised by the Governor in Council under the Ordinance.\n\nMissionaries who do not belong to any recognised society have to make special application, and such applications are dealt with on their merits. This will also be the procedure under the Ordinance.\n\n5.\n\n6.\n\nClause 3 deals with recognised societies, and the permit under that section is only a temporary permit pending the production of the proper credentials of the applicant.\n\nClause 4 deals with the members of unrecognised societies. In their case the grant of a permit is discretionary, and the permit is subject to cancellation in the discretion of the Colonial Secretary. Further, no permit under this section can be issued until the applicant has signed an undertaking to co-operate loyally with the Government of the Colony. The form of this undertaking is given in the Schedule.\n\nAliens who are carrying on work in the Colony at the commencement of the Ordinance will not come under its operation until six months after the date of the commencement.\n\nWhen the Ordinance is passed a regulation will be made excluding all persons of Chinese race from the operation of the Ordinance.\n\n27th July, 1922,\n\n(Sd.) J. H. Kemp,\n\nAttorney General.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 503174, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]", "page_number": 249, "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]", "content_text": "248\n\n24\n\nLAKE, NOT VALLEY.\n\nResidents' Anxious Night.\n\nResidents at Happy Valley and the neighbourhood spent an anxious night with the flood which commenced to rise shortly after midnight.\n\nThe race course this morning was transformed into a lake and a raging torrent of water brought down from the hills flowed between the Police and Craigengower Clubs.\n\nA miniature Niagara Falls was created near the old scene of damage below the Yeung Woo Nursing Home last year. The deep drain measuring 14 feet across, which was built to deal with the water from the hills, was completely covered with mud and sand. Two waterfalls were seen later in the morning when the water flowed across the road into the drain and again from there to the race track.\n\nMore Confusion.\n\nBehind the Jockey Club stand, the Protestant Cemetery wall gave way for a considerable distance and the earth brought down with the torrent filled the premises to a depth of several feet. Cement boulders which lined the side of the course behind the small ticket office were bodily removed and placed on the course. Slabs of granite brought from the road were seen everywhere on the race track and inside the football grounds. What was left of a tea booth was seen against a portion of the race track railing. Flower pots which adorned the track edge were taken away by the flood together with the bank on which they stood.\n\nBridge Threatened.\n\nIt will take several weeks of toil to remove the mountain of sand and mud on the premises and race track. At the Craigengower Club, the water just reached the door and furniture left in the verandah was carried away and a part of it was recovered this morning. Garden furniture at the top of the granite boulders being washed away down the nullah, could be heard and a retaining wall threatening from above sounded like ominous explosions.\n\nSTORM VICTIMS.\n\n(No. 2998. July 22, 1926.\n\nin the direction of Hongkong, although it is thought that it may curve northwards in the direction of Swatow before it arrives here.\n\nThe rescue tug was to be observed with steam up and ready for emergency this morning and the funneless H.M.S. \"Ambrose,\" undergoing its annual overhaul was moved to the buoy for greater security.\n\nPolice Quarters Struck.\n\nThe chimney of Acting Chief Inspector Aris's quarters at the Police quarters in Caine Road was struck in the early hours of this morning and considerable debris fell inside the house. As the remaining portion of the chimney is considered to be in a dangerous condition, the quarters in question have had to be vacated.\n\nOLD MEMORIES.\n\nThat memorable flood of May, 1889, exceeded to-day's violence. Mr. Yee Cheong, the portrait painter whose studio is next door to the \"China Mail\" was an eyewitness.\n\nHe maintains that the torrents of water, which swept down Wyndham Street were even greater 37 years ago.\n\nAs to-day, clubs were reduced to useless wood. He said, the rain \"scraped out all the loose mud of the higher levels and deposited them in the flat streets. It took months to clear the mess,\"\n\nCraigengower collapsed and the masonry portion of the bridge started at this spot was swept away by the torrent flowing into the Bowrington Canal, a portion of the road at the end of the bridge near the Tramway offices opposite the Roman Catholic Cathedral was washed away.\n\nMr. Yee Cheong also says that the storm flood started at almost the same hour as that of the previous storm flood.\n\nThe railway track of the Sang Lee contractors on the other side of the canal also suffered considerable damage by the foundations being washed away.\n\nFACTORY IN DANGER\n\nThe paper mill at Aberdeen (Tai Shing Paper Mill Co.) is reported to be in danger owing to the private reservoir at the top of the building having been carried away.\n\nJuly 19. Two well-known members of the South China Athletic Association, Messrs. Ho Ka-lau and Yew Man-kit, who went out for a row on Saturday afternoon had a narrow escape from death as a result of the squall which sprang up towards six o'clock.\n\nThe boat was near Cust Rocks when caught in the squall and rowing became very difficult. The two occupants eventually determined to conserve their energy and let the boat drift and fortunately the set of the current was towards Kowloon Bay instead of the numerous rocks in the neighbourhood. They were able to reach the shore and after sheltering for a time in a farmer's house they arrived at Kowloon City.\n\nBy Courtesy of Wah Tsz Yat Po\n\nChinese cruiser \"Hai Yung\" which was to have left for Pratas yesterday at 1 p.m. with Hongkong officials aboard is still in harbour, wireless messages having been exchanged between the vessel and Pratas as a result of which it was decided that it would be dangerous to attempt to make the shoal for the present.\n\nThe typhoon had not, at the time of the message, reached Pratas but seas were very high and wind force 5 and increasing.\n\nPreliminary arrangements are that the party which is to witness the inauguration of the wireless station on the shoal will leave on Tuesday next.\n\nA village at Kowloon city, entirely inundated, with the top of a desolate matshed showing.\n\nreats both here and at the other er 37 years ago.\n\nTHE TYPHOON.\n\nJuly 17,\n\nIf the typhoon does not diverge from its present path it is expected here on Sunday.\n\nThe American Consulate received the following from Manila last night:-\n\n6.55 p.m.. July 16.-Cyclone in Lat. 19deg. N., Long. 119deg. E.. moving N.W.\n\na.m.\n\nLater.\n\n8.30\n\n17th, typhoon in about 116deg. Long. E.. 20deg. lat. N., moving W.N.W.\n\nThis morning in the harbour there were indications of anticipations of the arrival of the typhoon which is slowly moving towards the Colony from the East.\n\nNo. 1 signal gave place to No. 4 signal which means that the gale is likely to come towards the Colony from the East.\n\nNo. 2998. July 22, 1926.]\n\nTHE AFTERMATH.\n\nOVERLAND CHINA\n\nJuly 20\n\nWith the Peak isolated and the only means of access to Repulse Bay via the Aberdeen Road (even this has to be negotiated very carefully); with mud inches deep everywhere in the main thoroughfares and in banks where it has been removed for transit purposes, Hongkong has still much besides the memory of its severity to remind it of the terrific storm which raged on Sunday night and Monday morning,\n\nMuch, however, has been accomplished as a result of gangs of men working under supervision until a late hour last night and early this morning. A tram service to the King Edward Hotel was possible first thing this morning and later in the day a restricted service to all districts was run. The Roads Department is concentrating on the clearance of the main highways and is able to promise provisional clearances very shortly.\n\nStubbs Road.\n\nStubbs Road and Magazine Gap Road have suffered more than any others, Stubbs Road more particularly between Bowen Road and Morrison Hill Road. Here, there are numerous landslides the worst slip being where the sand shooting goes across. This will require the clearing of enormous quantities of earth and rock but it is hoped by Friday to get a passage sufficient to enable cars or \"buses to negotiate Stubbs Road.\n\nMagazine Gap Road.\n\nIn the case of most of the other roads it is expected that provisional arrangements will be made which will enable the passage of traffic within a few days. Magazine Gap Road at one part is breached to its full width and it will be necessary to erect temporarily a bridge. The Peak Road is also partly breached in one place. The only means of access to the Peak, in fact, is by negotiating on foot the old Peak Road and Wanchai Gap Road, in the case of the latter some nasty gaps having to be negotiated.\n\nBefore the Aberdeen portion of the road was cleared sufficiently to allow of traffic the footpath from the Peak to Pokfulam was used by some residents who took car as far as Pokfulam and walked up via the reservoir.\n\nRepulse Bay Road.\n\nGood progress has already been made in clearing the new road to Repulse Bay from Bowen Road onwards. This is very largely clear. There are numerous slips in the neighbourhood of Shaukiwan but it is anticipated that the whole of the round-the-island road will be open by the end of the week.\n\n('aime Road.\n\nThe lower portion of Caine Road is closed to traffic by the subsidence of the bank near the Roman Catholic Cathedral and the opening out of the road through the Cathedral grounds, which accounted for the flooding of Wyndham Street through Glenealy. It is now possible to go through Glenealy as far as Caine Road, by chair or on foot.\n\nA large gang were at work this morning clearing the obstruction at Caine Road. A stream of water which still flowed from the hill has now been diverted into the side channel of Arbuthnot Road.\n\nThe easiest way to reach Caine Road at present is for motorists to proceed up Garden Road as far as the Peak tram station. Then Tower\n\nPhoto by Yong Ming.\n\nMAIL\n\nREPULSE BAY CONDITIONS.\n\nthis morning.\n\n25\n\nAbout 85 bags of mail coming from foreign countries were damaged in the cellars of the Post Office. Most of the mail came from Singapore, Seattle, and the Straits.\n\nParticulars as to the plight of Repulse Bay residents not available yesterday on account of their being virtually marooned have since been received. At 3 a.m. on the night, or rather the morning, of the storm, the water rushed down the hills with terrific force and swept through the big dining room of the Hotel, carrying all before it. The upper level districts were deprived of their daily mail due to lack of transportation.\n\nResidents in the Peak and the staff were early on the scene but until practically powerless to save the carpets and furniture from being damaged. At eight o'clock yesterday morning the lower floors and passages were flooded to within five inches of water, and with the kitchens under water breakfast was part of the dining room floor has sunk badly and it looks as though it will be some time before the former polished surface will be regained.\n\nThe \"President Madison\" and the \"Empress of Russia,\" tried all roads at an early hour, were scheduled to arrive in Hongkong last Sunday, The Shaukiwan Road was obstructed yesterday afternoon.\n\nLooking along Des Voeux Road Central, on July 19, eastwards, along the Hongkong Hotel front and the new Realty building, with Alexandra Building on the left. The mud and height of the flood left visible marks on the surroundings.\n\nAlbert Road, along Wyndham Street past the Dairy Farm to the Central Police Station, and up Arbuthnot Road. The junction at Caine Road has now been sufficiently cleared for both up and down traffic through Arbuthnot Road.\n\nKowloon Roads.\n\nWith regard to Kowloon, both the coastal and Taipo Roads are closed, the worst slips being the other side of Tsin Wan. Two bridges have been carried away. Temporary bridges will be erected and it is expected to make provisional arrangements for passage of traffic by the end of the week.\n\ned by landslides which made passage impossible, and the new road to Hongkong was found to have a gaping hole halfway across the road just at the top of the hill leading to Repulse Bay.\n\nTHE POST OFFICE.\n\nThe General Post-Office was arrived only\n\nThe delay was due to the typhoon which the liners encountered.\n\nby\n\nPRINTERS LOSS.\n\nDamage of $10,000 was suffered by the Ye Olde Printerie Ltd.\n\nwhose establishment is located at the basement of the China Building.\n\nThe damaged goods consisted mostly of cover papers, art papers, and coloured papers and machinery, approximately valued at $10,000.\n\nThe damaged goods are only insured against fire but not against water. The Fire Brigade was called to the scene to pump the water and which was over 4 ft. deep.\n\nat the time of going to press, the Brigade was still at work.\n\nMED-\n\nIt will probably take the management over a week to clear the place from water and debris, and to completely resume business.\n\nWANCHAI DISTRICT.\n\nIn the long list of damage in the Wanchai district no one is reported to have been killed or injured as a direct result of the flood.\n\nA Chinese electrician was taken to hospital yesterday with injuries received in a fall from the first floor verandah of a house at Stone Nullah lane. He was repairing an electric light wire by leaning over the verandah and fell to the ground on receiving a shock.\n\nBAY VIEW DISTRICT.\n\nA feature of the damage in the Bay View district was the disappearance of the market at Tai Hang village. The structure, about 100 feet long and standing on stone pillars, is stated to have been carried away by the flood.\n\nThe assistance of the Fire Brigade was obtained to pump out the water. They worked from 2 p.m. to 5.30 p.m. but owing to the numerous calls on the services of the Brigade they had to abandon the work and resume it after the water had subsided there.\n\nWhen", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 503175, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]", "page_number": 250, "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]", "content_text": "26\n\nwas not a trace of the materials of the structure or the stalls.\n\nRELIVED DROWNED.\n\nwoman\n\nIn a report made by a Chinese married woman at Bay View Station, she stated that her father-in-law, 67 years of age, is missing and is believed to have been drowned.\n\nThe report states that the old man went out of the hut at 3 o'clock in the morning to save his chickens. At this time water was rushing down the hillside and the man was not seen again.\n\n3\n\nChinese\n\nQUARRY BAY DEATH?\n\nAlthough not reported officially, it was gathered from a reliable source yesterday that a Chinese was electrocuted and died at Quarry Bay. He came in contact with a high tension wire which had been dislodged by boulders on the hillside above the quarters of the Sugar Refinery staff.\n\nIt was also stated that a matshed at this point was carried away by falling boulders, but whether there were any occupants in it at the time is not yet known.\n\nTWO MORE DEATHS.\n\nThe death of Private Nihala Ram, of the 2/5 Punjabi Regiment, who was killed as a direct result of being struck by lightning - the only casualty so far reported from this source - was advised by Whitfield Barracks yesterday. The man was sleeping in his quarters at the time. So far as police reports are concerned, this is the only death ascertained in addition to the fatalities at the 3 pumping station.\n\nA report was made by a blacksmith of Pak Tin village, in the Shamshuipo district, of the death of his 16-year-old nephew by drowning in a pond at Kowloon City yesterday forenoon. It is stated that the lad attempted to retrieve a basket of vegetables and was carried away by the flood. The body has not yet been found.\n\nKOWLOON CHAI\n\nOVERLAND CHINA MAIL\n\nnullah, otherwise all the houses would have been inundated.\n\nTRAM SERVICES.\n\nDuring the night a passage for tramcars was made through the debris between Arsenal Street and Garden Road and by 8 o'clock this morning tramcars were running on the main route from Causeway Bay to the Hongkong Bank. It is hoped it will be possible to run right through to Whitty Street.\n\nPokfulam reservoir, at the foot of the Peak, on the south side of the island, was dry in some parts on Sunday. Yesterday morning, the water overflowed.\n\nOwing to the absence of jurors prevented from attending the Criminal Sessions yesterday on account of the flood, Mr. Justice J. X. Wood (Puisne Judge) adjourned the Criminal Sessions until next Monday.\n\nThe flood of water at the Protestant Cemetery, Happy Valley, caused exposing in some cases and tombstones carried away by the flood, some being deposited on the race course. The Jockey Club wall was also broken by the same current which carried away part of the cemetery wall.\n\nSeveral graves were affected by\n\nOn the Shaukiwan Route cars have been running all morning as far as North Point and it is expected that an extension to Quarry Bay will be possible this afternoon. Owing to a landslide at Taikoo it will be impossible to run between Quarry Bay and Shaukiwan for some time.\n\nOn the Happy Valley route cars are being worked via Broadwood Road but it is necessary for them to turn back at the Dragon Motor Garage and this of course results in single line working.\n\nBy Courtesy of Hak Tin Yat\n\n15\n\nThe\n\nMany have been\n\nAs a result of the flood which inundated Kowloon Chai, numerous villagers were left homeless and penniless in view of the loss of their livestock. They were allowed to occupy untenanted and partially completed houses on the Kowloon Tong site. Other small villages in this neighbourhood have been practically wiped out.\n\nKowloon Tong itself by no means escaped the general damage, one house being struck by lightning and practically cleft from top to bottom. A big lake of water which was in process of being filled in overflowed and the residents combined in diverting the flow to a nullah, otherwise all the houses would have been inundated.\n\nChair coolies are reported to be making attempts to obtain extortionate payments for carrying residents to the Peak. A demand for $6 was made of one resident returning home last night. Needless to say, this was not met.\n\n[No. 2998.—July 22, 1926.]\n\nshould be boiled.\n\nThere is also an official announcement regarding supplies to the Peak and higher levels.\n\nWATER ECONOMY.\n\nThe following official communiqué has been received:\n\nHis Excellency desires to impress on all householders on the Peak and Upper Levels, who are affected by the water restrictions rendered necessary by the damage to Pokfulam Pumping Station, the absolute necessity for the greatest economy in the use of water, and the strict control of their staff with this end in view. He feels sure that he can rely upon their loyal co-operation in this matter.\n\nDamage wrought on the Lachi-kok Road by the flood.\n\nThe earliest date by which the Peak tram service will again be in commission is given as Saturday.\n\nSTORM ITEMS.\n\nMr. F. Sutton, of the Public Works Department, and a popular turf enthusiast, had an arm badly cut by glass at the Hongkong Club about 3 a.m. yesterday, at the height of the storm. Mr. Sutton (who stays at the Club) rose to close a window, slipped and his arm went through the glass. Lt. Col. T. A. Robertson and others rendered assistance and Mr. Sutton was conveyed to hospital by ambulance.\n\nWATER RATIONS.\n\nAs from today, the water supply on the island is to be \"rationed,\" owing to damage to works.\n\nIn all areas main districts East of Eastern Street, there will be a two hours' supply daily. West of Eastern Street, water will be turned on from 4 p.m. to 10 p.m. daily.\n\n(Eastern Street is the uphill thoroughfare, leading from the western waterfront, up past the tram lines, to Queen's Road West, by the Government Civil Hospital and Lunatic Asylum to Bonham Road.)\n\nAll water for potable purposes should be boiled.\n\nTHE PEAK.\n\nJuly 20.\n\nMessrs. A. S. Watson & Co. Ltd. can supply and deliver Distilled Water to the residents of the Peak and Hill Districts in one pint and 1 gallon bottles and in 3-gallon jars. The efforts of this enterprising company will be appreciated by the many who are suffering from shortage of drinking water.\n\nThe wedding was announced to take place in Shanghai on Friday, the 16th July, between Omar Rumjahn, son of Mrs. A. Rumjahn of Tientsin and Gladys Tamil, daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. S. O. Ismail of Hongkong.\n\nNo. 2998. July 22, 1926.)\n\n37 YEARS AGO.\n\nOVERLAND CHINA MAIL\n\n249\n\n27\n\nSTORM ITEMS.\n\nJuly 21.\n\nstill in cases, unopened. Many thousands of dollars were sacrificed in that one place. The tin lining was no protection; mud and water enveloped the lot.\n\nFurther particulars have been received with regard to the carrying away of a matshed by a landslide at Shaukiwan, opposite the main entrance of Taikoo Sugar Refinery (briefly reported yesterday). It appears that two Chinese lads, preparing the morning meal, were in the shed at the time and were crushed to death. Their bodies have not yet been recovered.\n\nOn Monday, the \"China Mail\" referred readers to a storm on May 30, 1889 - 37 years ago.\n\nMr. Yee Cheong, portrait painter of Wyndham Street, who has had his studio in this locality for over 40 years and never shifted elsewhere, gave his experiences of those days.\n\nAnother old resident writes the following:\n\nAs far as I can remember about the great storm of 1889, the rain was quite as heavy as Sunday night. The lightning and thunder were of a different character, but just as alarming.\n\nMurray Barracks on the Queen's Road side was a heap of sand thrown up from bursting drains just outside.\n\nFOUND SHOT.\n\nJuly 21. Mr. W. Blakey, Inspector of engine fitters, was found shot dead in the Naval Yard yesterday during the luncheon interval.\n\nHe was half-way from the house to the pumping station when a heavy shower began to fall. Debating whether he should go on to the pumping station or return to the house for shelter, he eventually decided in favour of the second alternative and no sooner was he safely inside than the huge boulder crashed into the station. This boulder is estimated to weigh between 2,500 and 3,000 tons.\n\nWith regard to the Pokfulam pumping house disaster, it appears that Mr. P. G. Tacchi, brother of Mr. C. J. Tacchi, who was examining stores some olives at the house near the station, had a very narrow escape.\n\nWhilst this was in progress Mr. Blakey left the house. Almost immediately a report was heard. He was found lying on the ground with a revolver nearby and wounds in the head which led to instantaneous death.\n\nDeceased had only arrived in the Colony last May from Portsmouth. He was unmarried and leaves a widowed mother in England. His age is thought to be 30.\n\nThe funeral will take place this evening.\n\nMore Damage Then.\n\nMore damage was done then than this week. Voeux Road was then the Praya. Sampans were up in Pedder Street. The Clock Tower was many feet in sand, the streets were opened up in all directions, drains were choked, huge trees up by the roots were scattered everywhere.\n\nBeautiful Glenealy as it was in those days was entirely ruined. The only house there then was the American Consulate, which stood in grounds far back from the road. Palms grew in Glenealy that have not been seen anywhere since.\n\nH.K. Club in Queen's Road. At the junction of the path from Albert Road was a very fine centre piece. This was torn up by bursting drains, carrying all before it down to Queen's Road.\n\nDakin's Dispensary was then at the corner where the A.P. building now stands. It was flooded out. Sugar-coated pills were being thrown out. Street urchins stood waist-deep in water fishing for them, thinking they were sweets. Their faces were studies when they tasted them.\n\nThe Hongkong Club was where Yee Sang Fat and others are today.\n\nA. S. Watson's were at the corner of D'Aguilar Street, where Tak Cheung is. Then McEwen, Frickel and Co. and Powell's had parts of the ground floor and the top. So much water and sand had accumulated there that it took many days to remove it. The fire engine was kept very busy.\n\nLane, Crawford & Co. were opposite Hall and Holtz. They had godowns below. All their new stock had arrived, but was still in cases, unopened.\n\nThe Good Old Days.\n\nRobinson Road was then the highest road. The Public Gardens were unrecognisable. Everything was torn up and sand enveloped the lot.\n\nRoofs did not leak the same as they do today. Better work was done, or else materials were of better quality.\n\nPhoto by A Fong,\n\nFour men armed with daggers entered a house at Tung Lo Wan Road, Causeway Bay, on Saturday night and held up the occupants. They stole money and jewellery to the value of $1,800.\n\nAh Men Hing Cheong.\n\nThis is striking testimony to the havoc wrought by the boulder which crashed into No. 3 pumping station, Pokfulam Road, killing several workmen. The photo shows the size of the great rock, as contrasted with what remains of the building.\n\nOwing to the fact that 80 feet of piping has been carried away on Stubbs Road, it has been found necessary to restrict the water services in areas main districts east of Eastern Street and also to the higher levels and the Peak. All the reservoirs in the Colony except Tytam Tuk, which is 5 feet 3 in. below overflow, are overflowing.\n\nMASTS STRUCK.\n\nJuly 21. The coastal s.s. \"Telemachus\" was struck by lightning on Monday morning, taking away the flag pole on one of her masts.\n\nThe Government rescue tug \"Kau Sing\" was on patrol duty in the harbour during the storm, and lightning struck her mast, splitting it from the \"truck\" to the \"hounds.\"\n\nSo far as can be ascertained, this was the full extent of the damage suffered by local shipping in the violent storm.\n\nAn order was made by Mr. J. H. E. Nihill, at the Kowloon Magistracy on July 20, for the confiscation of eight revolvers and 800 rounds of ammunition which were abandoned by a Chinese in Reclamation Street on Saturday night.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 506809, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-499-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-1-1927 - 4-2-1927", "page_number": 121, "title": "CO129-499-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-1-1927 - 4-2-1927", "content_text": "# PORCED TO LEAVE.\n\n## Missions Damaged And Looted.\n\n## THE EVACUATION.\n\nInterviewed by a Press representative, the Rev. Father A. Luis said the trouble first started at 10 o'clock on Friday morning when a rabble, comprised of students, soldiers, and even police, attacked the Dominican College and remained in possession all day. They gave the Fathers and Sisters to understand they had come to take the place over, and as their actions became more threatening as the day wore on and fearing molestation, they made preparations for departure.\n\nIn the meantime, efforts had been made to obtain some form of police protection, and the request was met half-way by sending some police guards to protect the College buildings. Their presence, however, had little effect, for the crowd assembled in the building in force, shouting and threatening.\n\nAt six o'clock the same evening, the convent of Sainte Enfant was similarly entered by a mob. In this case, the crowd was very violent, breaking all the windows, smashing all the property, and generally looting the whole place.\n\n## Escape Prevented.\n\n## MISSION LOOTING.\n\nSpeaking of the incidents at Amoy when the `Haiching` arrived there on Tuesday, the Father said, \"Some of the Chinese students and soldiers came down on the boat with us from Foochow, and when we reached Amoy, they began to make all kinds of threats of what they would do.\n\nThe five American fathers who came down to Hongkong yesterday had only been in the Foochow district a fortnight and were staying there preparatory to going to their stations further up country. One was able to give an S.C.M. Post representative the full story of the happenings at the Dominican Sisters Orphanage and said those even more exciting than those at Foochow.\n\nThey were very quiet on the days preceding last Friday, and there was no indication whatever of the trouble which subsequently developed. On Friday, however, a mob of students, soldiers, and other Chinese went to the mission where a large number of children were being cared for, one of the students demanding an investigation of conditions there.\n\nTwo Chinese doctors were among the students informed the sisters that they were to conduct an investigation. After this investigation had been completed, the doctors left, but about four o'clock in the afternoon, the big crowd outside the mission house broke down the doors and windows and made a forcible entry.\n\n## Serious Trouble At Amoy.\n\n## STUDENTS' DEMANDS.\n\n\"The sisters stayed as long as they possibly could,\" added the Father, \"but they were eventually forced to leave owing to the looting of the huge mob inside. They made their way over to Nan Tai Island and there sought refuge with a Catholic lady.\n\n\"The mob was violently anti-Christian, and while there was no actual shooting or violence, I believe many of the students, soldiers, and others in the crowd were armed. There were expressions of murder, but the main object seemed to be to get all the missionaries out of the place.\n\nSome of the children had been brought down from the mission, and the students' first demand was that these should be taken off. When the gangway had been lowered, they took up their position on it and would not let anyone either board the ship or leave it. I think the incidents at Amoy were even more exciting than those at Foochow.\n\nThe British, French, and American Consuls were all on the wharf, but they were prevented from boarding the vessel. The students adopted a very menacing attitude, and it was some time before anything was done. They merely stuck to the gangway and refused to let anyone come on board or leave until they had got the children off.\n\nAt one time, there was talk of sending a wireless message for a gunboat, but as events turned out, this was not necessary. Eventually, the students left the ship, taking with them the mission children.\n\n## Mob Bent on Looting.\n\nOwing to the trouble at Amoy, it was thought advisable that the `Haiching` should come straight down to Hongkong and not touch at Swatow. I understood that the master was instructed to miss Swatow by the Consul and the agents. I do not know whether the vessel was delayed at Amoy at all, as I have no idea how long she was supposed to stay there.\n\n## Not Even a Coat.\n\nThe French Sisters in charge attempted to make their escape by going through a door at the rear, but were forcibly prevented from doing so. Eventually, they were allowed to join the Fathers and board the `Hai Ching`. Both the French and British Consuls requested protection from the Civil Governor, but their appeals were unavailing. The trouble continued at various foreign establishments until the `Hai Ching` sailed.\n\nA telegram was sent to Amoy notifying the Sisters that it was the intention to create trouble at the Convent there and requesting them to evacuate when the `Hai Ching` arrived. On getting into port, the whole place was agog with excitement, and the demonstrators behaved in a very menacing manner.\n\nAfter the mission had been ransacked, the mob went to the Vicar's house, and I believe there was more looting there. Where looting did occur, everything of value was taken, and much damage was done to property. The situation remained critical on Saturday and Sunday, and Father O'Donald went to live with the Consul as he wanted to remain in Foochow as long as possible.\n\n## Regarding the evacuation of Foochow, many of us left without our belongings. We had only been a fortnight, and some of our stuff had not been unpacked. Hundreds of dollars worth of personal belongings had to be left behind. One of the Fathers had to leave without even a coat. Father O'Donald now remains in Foochow, as he was anxious to stay behind and see if anything could be done to safeguard the mission properties and also to see if any of the many things left behind could be saved.\n\nAsked if he had heard of any missionary being maltreated, the Father said there was a story current in Foochow that a Protestant lady missionary had had her clothes torn off by the mob, but he could not vouch for the truth of the story. Apart from this, he had heard of no case of violence.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-499-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-1-1927 - 4-2-1927.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 506810, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-499-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-1-1927 - 4-2-1927", "page_number": 122, "title": "CO129-499-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-1-1927 - 4-2-1927", "content_text": "# TERRIBLE EXPERIENCE.\n\n(☺).\n\n## Students' Extraordinary And Brutal Conduct.\n\n### ORPHANS FOR SALE.\n\nThe terrible experiences of the Fathers, Sisters and inmates of the Spanish Dominican Orphanage, where the trouble originated, were told to a representative of the S. C. M. Post by Rev. Father V. Garcia.\n\nThe first sign that there was anything wrong occurred when six or seven students walked uninvited into the Orphanage and told the Sisters that they had come to have a talk with the girls and to have a look round. They made accusations that girls had been hacked to death at the Orphanage and that some had had their eyes gouged out for the purpose of making foreign medicine.\n\n\"They wanted to take the babies to the Police Station,\" Father Garcia declared, \"but I objected and told them that if they wanted the girls to be examined by a medical man I would raise no objection. Thereupon they secured a Chinese doctor, and he made an examination, but apparently they were not satisfied with this, and wanted a foreign doctor to come and conduct another examination. Eventually they found a Chinese, who had studied in Japan, and he made an examination of ten or twelve girls, but apparently he had been intimidated by the crowd and would say nothing.\"\n\nThe trouble began in the morning; the students were in and out the whole time throughout the day. The second examination concluded about 5 o'clock in the afternoon, and then the students went on a tour of inspection throughout the house.\n\n\"Afterwards,\" Father Garcia proceeded, \"they asked me again to take the babies to the Police Station and I again refused. At this they got very angry and went outside to collect a crowd. The crowd came and took possession of the building, and became so menacing that I thought it advisable to get the Sisters away as early as possible. We ran away as fast as we could, using a secret door of which the crowd had no knowledge.\n\n### Orphanage Wrecked.\n\nWe ran away as fast as we could go, our destination being the Dominican College. However, when passing through the south gate of the city, a spy was waiting for us, and he questioned one of the Sisters as to where we were going. We were then very much afraid and did not know what to do. Eventually we safely reached Nantai and then boarded the Hai Ching.\"\n\nFather Garcia said that the students posted a notice on the door of the Orphanage to the effect that any man who required a wife could obtain one for $3. Many of the girls were taken away, and the last he heard was that out of a total of approximately 200, only 90 remained in the building. One girl, about 17 or 18 years of age, was taken away by the soldiers and was told that she would have to marry a certain Chinese who had been selected for her. The girl refused and was ill-treated by the soldiers.\n\n## Other Raids.\n\nThe crowd did not confine its activities to the Orphanage and the Church. He had heard since that there had been systematic looting of all foreign establishments. The American Protestant mission, the Anglo-Chinese Girls School, the Catholic Seminary, hospital, and shops controlled by Europeans were attacked and looted. Considerable damage was done at all the places.\n\nThe troubles of the Fathers and Sisters, who were joined on the Hai Ching by the American Fathers, whom they met at Nantai, and other Sisters, were not over. They left Foochow without further molestation, but it was a case of out of the frying pan into the fire.\n\nOn the boat arriving at Amoy, there was further trouble, which threatened at one time to be very serious. Some of the Sisters from the Pagoda had brought with them four girls and a father, mother, and four children, all Chinese, also succeeded in getting on to the boat away from the mob. There was also on board a coolie from one of the missionary institutions. Somehow, some of the students had secreted themselves on board, and immediately the ship arrived at Amoy, they began to make themselves heard again. They demanded that the Chinese the foreigners had taken with them should be landed. The British, French, and American Consuls went aboard, whilst a large number of students went out to the ship in sampans and created a great deal of bother. They attempted to get the crew to strike, but the Captain managed to prevent this. When the British Consul attempted to go ashore again in his motor boat, he was prevented from doing so by the crowd.\n\n\"Near-by is the Catholic Church and residence, and into these the crowd broke and continued their destructive work. They dashed the images to the ground, broke the altar, tore up the surplices, and destroyed all the papers, books, and furniture in both the Church and the house. It was a terrible scene.\n\n\"The crowd, which included many soldiers, began to take some of the children away and to wreck the place. They started breaking up furniture, taking clothing, and tearing it to ribbons, and generally were bent upon destruction. There is nothing left there now; everything is broken to pieces.\n\nThe Chinese demanded that the children should be handed over to them, and eventually this had to be done in order to appease them. The crowd was out to make mischief, and anything might have happened there.\n\nPage 126", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-499-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-1-1927 - 4-2-1927.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 511342, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-505-12 Estimates of expenditure 1928 1-9-1927 - 12-1-1928", "page_number": 136, "title": "CO129-505-12 Estimates of expenditure 1928 1-9-1927 - 12-1-1928", "content_text": "157\n\n45\n\n# Head 25.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\n## Approved Estimate, 1927.\n\n## Estimate, 1928.\n\n# Head 25.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\n## Sub-heads —\n\n### i Personal Emoluments\n\n### Other Charges\n\n## A.--Staff.\n\n2 Conveyance and motor allowances to :\n\nPrincipal Civil Medical Officer, at $360\n\n8 Medical Officers, 5 at $360 each, 1 at $270 and 2 at $120 each\n\n1 Assistant Medical Officer in Charge Native Hospitals at $660..\n\n1 Assistant Medical Officer for Schools at $360..\n\n1 Medical Officer of Health at $660\n\n3 Assistant Medical Officers of Health at $360 each\n\n1 Accountant at $120\n\n1 Chinese Medical Officer, Dispenser and 1 Matron, at $180 each\n\n1 Matron, Peak Hospital, at $240\n\n3 Assistant Matrons, at $120 each\n\n1 Home Sister and 26 Nursing Sisters, at $90 each....\n\n2 Nursing Sisters, Private Nursing Staff, at $120 each\n\nPeak Travelling Allowances to :—\n\n15 Sisters, at $120 each\n\n2 Probationers at $90 each\n\n1 Clerk, Victoria Hospital, at $144..\n\n## 3 Transport\n\n \n $\n 447,963\n $\n 512,778\n \n \n \n 9,840\n \n 11,484 (1)\n \n\n4 Rent of Premises for Dispensaries and Dressing Station\n\n \n 600\n 3,999\n \n \n 600\n 2,769 (2)\n \n\n## B.-General.\n\n5 Artificial Limbs\n\n \n \n 600\n \n \n \n (3)\n \n\n6 Bedding and Clothing\n\n7 Board for 1 House Physician, 1 House Surgeon and 1 House Obstetrician at $365 each\n\n \n 22,000\n 22,000\n \n \n \n 1,093\n \n\n8 Board and Lodging for 6 Pupil Midwives, at $96 each\n\n9 Books\n\n \n 1,095\n 576\n \n \n 100\n 100\n \n\n10 Cleansing Materials\n\n \n 5,500\n \n \n \n \n 1,400\n \n\n11 Dental Treatment\n\n \n 1,400\n \n \n\n12 Equipment for Malarial Research Officer\n\n13 Field Works\n\n \n 2,000\n \n \n\n14 Fuel and Light\n\n \n 38,000\n 5,000\n \n \n \n (4)\n \n\n15 Furniture and Repairs to Furniture\n\n \n 40,500\n (5)\n \n\n16 Grants to Protestant and Roman Catholic Chaplains for Religious Services\n\n \n 8,000\n 8,000\n \n\n17 Incidental Expenses\n\n \n 1,800\n 1,800\n \n \n 2,100\n \n \n\n18 Maintenance of lunatics at Canton\n\n \n 2,100\n \n \n\n19 Medical Comforts\n\n \n 17,000\n (6)\n \n \n \n 3,000\n \n\n20 Medicines, Surgical Appliances and Instruments\n\n \n 60,000\n 60,000\n \n\n21 Provisions for Patients\n\n22 Tung Wah and Kwong Wah Hospitals, Medicines\n\n23 Upkeep of X-Ray Apparatus\n\n \n 118,000\n 118,000\n \n \n 5,000\n 5,000\n \n \n \n 4,000\n \n\n24 Ventilation of Operating Theatre\n\n \n 4,500\n \n \n\n25 Washing,\n\n \n 1,000\n 800\n \n \n 15,000\n 15,000\n \n\n## C.-Office of Health Officer of Port.\n\n26 Conveyance Allowances to :—\n\nHealth Officer of Port, at $120\n\nVaccinators, at $480\n\n \n 600\n 600\n \n\n27 Incidental Expenses etc.\n\n \n 750\n 450\n \n \n \n (8)\n \n\n## D.-Bacteriological Institute.\n\n28 Animals and Fodder\n\n \n 3,700\n \n \n\n29 Anti-rabic work\n\n \n 4,500\n (9)\n \n \n 750\n 750\n \n\n30 Apparatus and Chemicals\n\n \n 1,500\n \n \n\n31 Books and Journals\n\n \n 150\n 150\n \n \n 2,000\n (10)\n \n\nCarried forward\n\n \n 756,423\n 850,052\n \n\n(1) Medical Officers of Health transferred from Head 26-Sanitary Department.\n\n(2) Nathan Road dispensary closed.\n\n(3) New vote.\n\n(4) Anti malaria research.\n\n(5) Previous provision insufficient.\n\n(6) Previously under Head 35. –Charitable Services.\n\n(7) More apparatus.\n\n(8) Considered sufficient.\n\n(9) More calves required; increased prices.\n\n(10) Increased manufacture of sera.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-505-12 Estimates of expenditure 1928 1-9-1927 - 12-1-1928.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 515575, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-511-11 Estimates- 1929 21-9-1928 - 14-11-1928", "page_number": 107, "title": "CO129-511-11 Estimates- 1929 21-9-1928 - 14-11-1928", "content_text": "Head 25.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\n45 129\n\nApproved Estimate, 1928.\n\nEstimate, 1929.\n\nHead 25.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\nSub-heads :-\n\n1 Personal Emoluments\n\n312,778\n\nOther Charges\n\nA.-Staff.\n\n2 Conveyance and motor allowances to :—\n\nDirector and Deputy Director of Medical and Sanitary Services at $360 each.................\n\n7 Medical Officers, 4 at $660 each, 1 at $360, 1 at $270, and 1 at $216.\n\n1 Visiting Assistant Medical Officer to Chinese Hospitals and Dispensaries at $660\n\n1 Assistant Medical Officer for Schools at $360...\n\n1 Medical Officer of Health and 1 Assistant M. O. H. at $660 each\n\n2 Assistant Medical Officers of Health at $360 each\n\n1 Accountant at $120\n\n1 Chinese Medical Officer at $660\n\n1 Chinese Medical Officer at $120\n\n1 Masseuse at $180\n\n1 Clerk at $60\n\nPrincipal Matron at $180\n\n1 Matron, Peak Hospital, at $240\n\n3 Matrons at $120 each..\n\n1 Home Sister and 32 Nursing Sisters, at $90 each\n\n2 Nursing Sisters, Private Nursing Staff, at $120 each\n\nPeak Travelling Allowances to :-\n\n15 Sisters at $120 each\n\n3 Probationers at $90 each\n\n1 Medical Officer, 1 Clerk, 1 Dispenser & 1 Dresser. Victoria Hospital, at $144 each..\n\n \n 3\n Transport\n 595,607\n 11,484\n \n \n 4\n Rent of Premises for Dispensaries and garage..\n 15,042\n (1)\n \n \n \n \n 600\n 2,769\n \n \n \n \n 600\n 1,074\n \n \n B.-Genera.\n \n \n \n \n \n 5\n Artificial Limbs\n 600\n \n \n \n 6\n Bedding and Clothing\n 22,000\n 600\n 22,000\n \n \n 7\n Board for House Physician, 1 House Surgeon and 1 House Obstetrician at $365 each\n 1,095\n \n 1,095\n 576\n \n \n 8\n Board and Lodging for 6 Pupil Midwives, at $96 each\n 576\n \n \n \n \n \n 9\n Books\n 100\n 150\n (2)\n \n \n \n 10\n Cleansing Materials\n 5,500\n \n 5,500\n \n \n \n 11\n Dental Treatment\n 1,400\n \n 3,000\n (2)\n \n \n 12\n Equipment for Malarial Research Officer\n 2,000\n \n 2,000\n \n \n \n 13\n Field Works\n 5,000\n \n 5,000\n \n \n \n 14\n Fuel and Light\n 40,500\n \n 46,000\n \n \n \n 15\n Furniture and Repairs to Furniture\n 8,000\n \n 9,000\n |} (2)\n \n \n 16\n Grants to Protestant and Roman Catholic Chaplains for Religious Services\n 1,800\n \n 1,800\n \n \n \n 17\n Incidental Expenses\n 2,100\n \n 2,500\n (2)\n \n \n 18\n Maintenance of lunatics at Canton\n 17,000\n \n 17,000\n \n \n \n 19\n Medical Comforts\n 3,000\n \n 3,000\n \n \n \n 20\n Medicines, Surgical Appliances and Instruments\n 60,000\n \n 60,000\n \n \n \n 21\n Provisious for Patients\n 118,000\n \n 118,000\n \n \n \n 22\n Tung Wah and Kwong Wah Hospitals, Medicines\n 5,000\n \n 5,000\n \n \n \n 23\n Upkeep of X-Ray Apparatus\n 4,500\n \n 4,500\n \n \n \n 24\n Ventilation of Operating Theatre\n 800\n \n 800\n \n \n \n 25\n Washing,\n 15,000\n \n 15,000\n \n \n \n C.-Office of Health Officer of Port.\n \n \n \n \n \n 26\n Conveyance Allowances to :-\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Health Officer of Port and Second Health Officer of Port at $120 each\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Vaccinators, at $480\n 600\n \n 720\n \n \n \n 27\n Incidental Expenses etc.\n 450\n \n 450\n \n \n \n D.-Bacteriological Institute.\n \n \n \n \n \n 28\n Animals and Fodder\n 4,500\n \n 4,500\n \n \n \n 29\n Anti-rabic work\n 750\n \n 500\n \n \n \n 30\n Apparatus and Chemicals\n (3)\n \n 2,000\n \n \n \n 31\n Books and Journals\n 150\n \n 150\n \n \n \n \n Carried forward\n 850,052\n \n 943,164\n \n \n\n(1) More Officers entitled. (2) Previous provision insufficient.\n\n(3) Considered sufficient.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-511-11 Estimates- 1929 21-9-1928 - 14-11-1928.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 520352, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-519-1 Estimates for 1930 5-9-1929 - 14-11-1929", "page_number": 196, "title": "CO129-519-1 Estimates for 1930 5-9-1929 - 14-11-1929", "content_text": "# Head 24.-PRISONS DEPARTMENT\n## PRISONS DEPARTMENT,--Continued.\n### PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS,—Continued.\n#### Details of the foregoing,—Continued.\n\nBrought forward | $ | 223,125 | 218,461\n---|---|---|---|---\nApproved Estimate, 1929. | | | \nEstimate, 1930. | | |\n\n## Head 25.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n### Approved Estimate, 1929.\n### Estimate, 1930.\n\n$ | 595,607 | 698,066\n---|---|---|---\n**Sub-heads :-** | | | \n1 Personal Emoluments | | |\n\n### NUMBERS.\n| 1929 | 1930\n---|---|---\n1 | * | 1\n**Printing Shop.** | | \nPrincipal Printing Officer, (£380 to £400 by £10 annually) Language Allowance | 1 | 1\nDo., | | \nAssistant Principal Printing Officer, (£330 to £380 by £10 annually) Language Allowance | 1 | 1\nPrinting Officers, (£200 to £320 by £10 annually)... | 3 | 3\nDo.. Language Allowance to 1.............. | 1 | 1\nProof Reader and Typist, ($1,440 to $2,440 by $120 annually) | 1 | 1\n**Hospital Staff.** | | \nHospital Supervisor, (£300 to £400 by £10 annually). | 1 | 1\nAssistant Hospital Supervisor, (£250 to £300 by £10 annually) | 1 | 1\nHospital Principal Indian Warder, ($925 to $1,140 by $60 annually) | 1 | 1\nHospital Assistant Principal Indian Warder, ($600 to $720 by $30 annually)........ | 1 | 1\n7 Hospital Indian Warders, ($360 to $570 by $30 annually) | 7 | 7\n**(2) Indian Staff.** | | \nChief Warden ($960 to $1,200 by $60 annually)...... | 1 | 1\nPrincipal Warders, ($840 to $1,080 by $60 annually)... | 2 | 2\nAssistant Principal Warders, ($340 to $660 by $30 annually) | 3 | 3\nWarders, $360 to $420 by $30 annually and 3 at $480 each | 19 | 16\nPersonal Allowances to 7, at $21 each..... | | \nAssistant Warders, ($300 to $336 by $12 annually), Guards, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually) | 147 | 147\nGuards, temporary, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually).. | 33,160 | 33,271\nGuards, temporary, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually) | 12,851 | 12,841\nGuards, temporary, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually) | 6 | 6\nGuards, temporary, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually) | 4,560 | 3,960\nGuards, temporary, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually) | 60 | 60\nGuards, temporary, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually) | 7,680 | \nGuards, temporary, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually) | 2 | 60\nGuards, temporary, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually) | 1,440 | 4,170\nGuards, temporary, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually) | 2 | 4,090\nGuards, temporary, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually) | 925 | \nGuards, temporary, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually) | 2 | 600\n2 Conveyance and motor allowances to: | | \nDirector and Deputy Director of Medical and Sanitary Services at $660 each. | 1,320 | 1,320\n6 Medical Officers, 4 at $660 each, 1 at $360, and 1 at $216 | 3,096 | 3,096\nVisiting Assistant Medical Officer to Chinese Hospitals and Dispensaries at $900 | 900 | 900\n1 Medical Officer for Schools at $360. | 360 | 360\nSenior Health Officer at $660 | 660 | 660\n5 Health Officers at $660 each......... | 3,300 | 3,300\n1 Chinese Health Officer at $360 | 360 | 360\n1 Accountant at $120 | 120 | 120\n1 Chinese Medical Officer at $660 | 660 | 660\n1 Chinese Medical Officer at $144 | 144 | 144\n1 Chinese Medical Officer at $120 | 120 | 120\n1 Radiologist at $150 | 150 | 150\n1 Principal Matron at $180 | 180 | 180\nMasseuse at $180 | 180 | 180\n1 Matron, Peak Hospital, at $240 | 240 | 240\n3 Matrons at $120 each. | 360 | 360\n1 Home Sister and 31 Nursing Sisters, at $90 each. | 2,880 | 2,880\n2 Nursing Sisters, Private Nursing Staff, at $120 each | 240 | 240\nPeak Travelling Allowances to :- | | \n15 Sisters at $120 each | 1,800 | 1,800\n6 Probationers at $90 each | 540 | 540\n1 Clerk, 1 Dispenser & 1 Dresser, Victoria Hospital, at $144 each | 432 | 432\n\n### Transport\n### Rent of Premises for Dispensaries and garage\n### Other Charges\n\n#### A.-Staff.\n| 15,042 | 18,162\n---|---|---\n| (1) | \n**Rent Allowances** | 600 | 600\n**Language Allowances** | 1,074 | 1,074\n**Allowance to Warder for Identification of Old Offenders** | 100 | 100\n**Artificial Limbs** | 5 | \n**Bedding and Clothing** | 22,000 | 19,000\n**Allowance to Warder for taking Finger Prints** | 120 | 120\n**Board for House Physician, 1 House Surgeon and 1 House Obstetrician at $365 each** | 1,095 | 1,095\n**Trades Instructors, ($480 to $600 by $24 annually).......** | 1,621 | 1,573\n**Office Attendant** | | (4)\n**Board and Lodging for 6 Pupil Midwives, at $96 each** | 576 | 576\n**Good Conduct Allowance...............................** | 180 | 180\n**Rent Allowance...** | 72 | 48\n**Motor Driver, ($960 to $420 by $12 annually)** | 406 | 418\n| 48 | 180\n| 84 | (1)\n| (3) | \n**Books** | 150 | 250\n**Cleansing Materials** | 5,500 | 5,500\n**Dental Stores** | 3,000 | 3,000\n**Equipment for Malarial Research Officer** | 2,000 | 2,000\n**Anti-malarial Field Works** | 5,000 | 5,000\n**Miscellaneous, Fuel and Light** | 46,000 | 49,500\n**Cooks, at $132 each** | 924 | 924\n**Furniture and Repairs to Furniture** | 9,000 | 10,000\n**Good Conduct Allowances to 2 at $12 each, 1 at $15, 1 at $4, 2 at $2 each** | 30 | 47\n**Grants to Protestant and Roman Catholic Chaplains for Religious Services** | 1,800 | 1,800\n**Rent Allowances, at $24 each** | 168 | 168\n**Incidental Expenses** | 2,500 | 2,700\n**Messenger, at $132....** | 132 | 132\n**Maintenance of lunatics at Canton** | 17,000 | 17,000\n**Good Conduct Allowance** | 36 | 36\n**Medical Comforts** | 3,000 | 2,500\n**Rent Allowance** | 48 | 48\n**Medicines, Surgical Appliances and Instruments** | 60,000 | 70,000\n**Coolies, at $132 each** | 2,244 | 2,640\n**Provisions for Patients** | 118,000 | 130,000\n**Personal Allowance to 1** | 12 | \n**Tung Wah and Kwong Wah Hospitals, Medicines** | 5,000 | 5,000\n**Good Conduct Allowances to 2 at $72 each, 1 at $36, 1 at $24, 1 at $22, 8 at $12, 1 at $6, 2 at $4 each, and 1 at $1.** | 294 | 397\n**Upkeep of X-Ray Apparatus** | 4,500 | 6,000\n**Ventilation of Operating Theatre** | 800 | 800\n**Washing, Rent Allowances, at $24 each and 3 at $48 each..** | 408 | 552\n\n### Total Personal Emoluments\n| 297,764 | 321,784\n---|---|---\n(1) Stipulated allowances. | | \n(2) New posts. | | \n(3) Stipulated increment. | | \n(4) New appointments. | | \n(5) 3 transferred to Hospital Warders. | | \n(6) Transferred from Pharmacist | |\n\n### 26 Expenses of Courses of Study and attendance at Medical Congresses\n| 5,000 | \n---|---|---\nCarried forward | 934,844 | 1,071,723\n(1) Increase in number of posts eligible. | | \n(2) Less cost for upkeep. | | \n(3) More books. | | \n(4) More patients and installation of Electric Refrigerators. | | \n(5) More cost for upkeep of furniture. | | \n(6) More advertisements for vacancies. | | \n(7) Lower cost for Medical comforts. | | \n(8) More new instruments and replacement for old instruments. | | \n(9) More patients. | | \n(10) Transferred from Special Expenditure as a recurrent vote. | |", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-519-1 Estimates for 1930 5-9-1929 - 14-11-1929.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 524301, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-524-1 Reports of Salaries Commission 31-12-1929 - 27-10-1930", "page_number": 75, "title": "CO129-524-1 Reports of Salaries Commission 31-12-1929 - 27-10-1930", "content_text": "HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, JUNE 21, 1930.\n\nMONEY OBTAINED WITH MENACES.\n\nHONG KONG HOTEL | EXTRADITION CASE COLD ROOMS. CONCLUDED. DOUGLAS GIFFORD GETS YEAR'S GAOL. INDIAN DOCTOR WHO WAS INTIMIDATED.\n\nAppearing on a remand charge of fighting, Douglas Gifford, a Eurasian, was confronted with new charges when he appeared before Mr. Whyte-Smith at the Kowloon Magistracy yesterday. He was alleged to have demanded from an Indian doctor the sum of $180 with menaces and the conversion to his own use of a raincoat, watch and chain.\n\nTwo other persons, Chan Leung and Ho Yee (a married woman), were also charged with demanding money in connection with the affair. Gifford pleaded guilty to the three charges.\n\n\"MENUS\" DISCUSSED IN COURT. FISH FIRST AND CHICKEN AFTERWARDS.\n\nCold storage matters were further discussed at the Supreme Court yesterday when Mr. Rasey was cross-examined by Mr. Potter as to the accommodation of the rooms for the various classes of produce and the time taken to reduce the temperature of the goods to the figure provided in the contract.\n\nAfter a series of questions in the morning, the Court adjourned early to enable the witness to make further calculations and search authorities as to the point at which latent heat is extracted from fish and the freezing point of a chicken. In the afternoon, witness produced Mott's tables and said that latent heat was extracted from fish when the temperature was minus 15 degrees, but at what point it began to be extracted he could not say. Fish would be stored in the cold room at 18 degrees.\n\nMr. Potter: We will have fish first and chicken afterwards. Now what about our chicken? At what point is latent heat extracted from poultry?-Between zero and 10 degrees.\n\nEnters the Girl. Outlining the case for the prosecution, Detective-Sergeant Fitches said that the Indian doctor arrived in the Colony from Rangoon early this year, and took up his abode at 11, Wong Chuk Street. It was there that Gifford came to the doctor's residence on several occasions. On one of his visits, he found a young girl and her aunt in the house. The girl was taken into the house by the amah, who told the doctor that she would be a useful companion during his stay in Hong Kong. The complainant agreed to become engaged to the girl, and the amah bought a ring for $8, in accordance with Chinese custom.\n\nThe girl visited the complainant several times, and on each occasion, Gifford acted as interpreter. The doctor, however, became suspicious and decided to discontinue being \"engaged.\" Gifford, however, remonstrated and explained that the complainant had been guilty of a serious misdeed. The complainant was required to pay $400 as damages, but he agreed to pay only $200. The money was paid, and Gifford brought the girl back to her home in Apliu Street, where he handed over the $200 to the girl's aunt. He received $100 in connection with the part played by him. The aunt had since died.\n\nAlleged Breach of Promise.\n\nSubsequently, Chan Leung and Ho Yee, the second and third defendants, together with another man, visited the complainant in his house. The second defendant claimed to be the girl's uncle and the third defendant styled herself as the elder sister of the girl. Both these statements were untrue. Gifford, who was also present, then told the doctor that another $200 was demanded for his alleged breach of promise. The complainant finally agreed to pay this amount also in monthly instalments of $50.\n\nAt what point does latent heat commence to be extracted?-I cannot say.\n\nHave you, as a matter of interest, tried to freeze fish?-As a matter of money, which is more interesting.\n\nCome back to chicken, the freezing point is anything between zero and 10 degrees?-Yes.\n\nWitness had said that he could store 600 lbs. of chicken in the poultry room, and he disagreed with Mr. Potter that 2,400 lbs. could be stored.\n\nMilk and Eggs.\n\nMr. Potter: Will you give us the storage weight for eggs?-21,000 eggs, and temperature reduction from 90 to 20 degrees.\n\nWhat about latent heat-There is none.\n\nWhat is the freezing point of eggs?-Zero to 10 degrees.\n\nIn the room, there could be 2,880 bottles of milk. There would be no question of latent heat because milk does not freeze at 20 degrees.\n\nWhat is the freezing point?-I don't know.\n\nMr. Rasey: The time, according to Hacker's figures, to bring the milk down to 20 degrees is 14 days?-Yes.\n\nWill you agree that it is an unreasonable time?-Yes.\n\nMAGISTRATE COMMITS \"WANTED\" MAN.\n\nEVIDENCE RAISES A DOUBT.\n\nAt Central Magistracy yesterday, the case in which the Canton authorities are seeking the custody of a Chinese named Tang Yun, for alleged murder which is said to have taken place on April 22 last, in the village of Yuet Tong, Tung Koon district, was concluded.\n\nMr. R. E. Lindseil, in committing the defendant to prison pending the pleasure of His Excellency the Governor, told Mr. F. C. E. Rendall, solicitor for the defence, that the evidence in the case was such as to have raised some doubt in his Worship's mind, but the extent of it was not sufficient to warrant the defendant's discharge. He added, however, that in his statutory report to His Excellency the Governor, he would express the doubts which he had in his mind.\n\nOBITUARY.\n\nMR. GEORGE SHAW PASSES AWAY.\n\nWe regret to record the death of Mr. George Shaw, which occurred at the Government Civil Hospital at 6.15 a.m. yesterday.\n\nMr. Shaw, who was only 35 years of age, had been in indifferent health for the past two years, having been an inmate of the Government Civil Hospital since September, 1927. He was not, however, a bed patient, but he required constant treatment and was very popular with the medical officers and nursing staff, being always ready to lend a hand in an emergency.\n\nThe crisis in his long illness came about a week ago, when he was forced to take to bed permanently, and though he made several rallies followed by heavier relapses during the crisis, these were always the worst of these happened on Thursday night, and early yesterday morning the patient passed away.\n\nThe late Mr. Shaw was a native of Lancashire, and soon after the outbreak of the War, he joined up when he was only 19 years of age. He served with the 3rd Battalion, East Surrey Regiment, and in 1918 he was invalided home with malignant malaria, fever and general unfitness for further active service. He was also badly gassed, and was a first-class shot and first-class signaller. He held the General Service and Victory Medals and was demobilised in 1919, when he returned to China to take up an appointment with the Customs. In 1923, he resigned from this post and joined Messrs. Cary & Co., of Canton, and it was in 1927 that he was forced to leave this post on account of bad health and came to Hong Kong for treatment in the Government Civil Hospital.\n\nProceeding, Det.-Sergt. Fitches said that Gifford on several occasions borrowed the doctor's raincoat and his watch and chain. These articles were not returned, as the defendant had pawned them.\n\nIt was stated that Gifford had threatened to issue a summons against the doctor, if the $200 were not paid. The complainant, ignorant of Chinese custom, had thought that he had done a terrible thing.\n\nA Pair of Shoes-And a Fight.\n\nA summons was eventually taken out against the defendant, but it could not be served, as Gifford could not be found. On the evening of June 17, Gifford was caught fighting with a teacher. The quarrel arose on account of a pair of shoes having been borrowed from the teacher. Gifford, on being asked for the return of the shoes, struck the teacher.\n\nGifford was arrested and taken to the police station, where he made a clean breast of the whole matter.\n\nEvidence was then given by the complainant, after which the Magistrate found the three defendants guilty of conspiracy to defraud. His Worship passed sentences of one year's hard labour on Gifford, and $50, or one month's hard labour, on the other two defendants.\n\nWhat temperature do you suggest we should put it in at?-The milk would come from a dairy and be in cold storage. The only dairy I know of in Hong Kong is the Dairy Farm.\n\nThen we have to confine our activities to the Dairy Farm?-No.\n\nThe Funeral.\n\nThe funeral arrangements were undertaken by the local branch of the British Legion and the E.A.S.M.A., and the sad function took place yesterday afternoon. A number of friends, who had gathered at the Monument, followed the hearse to the Protestant Cemetery, Happy Valley, where Mr. Shaw was buried. Among others who stood at the graveside were Mr. F. W. James (President of the British Legion), Captain Laurenson (President of the Ex-Active Service Men's Association), Mr. F. P. Anslow, Mr. J. Murray, and Mr. T. Williams. The burial service was conducted by Rev. H. V. Koop.\n\nFruit and Vegetables.\n\nGiving his figures for fruit, witness said that 60 cases could be put in the fruit room. It would take 13 days to reduce the temperature of the goods from 90 to 34 degrees.\n\nMr. Potter: It is a mere farce about requiring 13 days to reduce the temperature of fruit from 90 to 34 degrees. I say you can do it in 48 hours.\n\nMr. Rasey: No, Sir.\n\nTaking the figures for the vegetable room, Mr. Potter humorously remarked that if they could finish off the vegetables, which appropriately came last, then there would be little left for Monday.\n\nAfter further questions, the cross-examination was adjourned until Monday morning.\n\nA blind man was seen shaving himself with a razor. He wielded the instrument with such skill that those watching him marvelled at it and remarked that the blind man was not one whit less expert in the use of the instrument than a barber.\n\nHaving finished his operations, the man turned to the crowd and said: \"Don't have the mistaken idea that we blind men cannot perform such delicate work as shaving. In all my life, I have never once patronized a barber! I even used to shave my children when my wife was too busy!\"\n\nWreaths were sent by the following:-Sophie and Aggie, Ivy Soong, the Easma Club, Capt. T. T. Laurenson, British Legion, Sisters and Nurses of the Government Civil Hospital, members of the Upper Levels Police Station (Sergeants' Mess), the Police Ward, G.C.H. Staff, G.C.H., and Mr. and Mrs. T. Hynes.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-524-1 Reports of Salaries Commission 31-12-1929 - 27-10-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 525271, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-525-3 Estimates 1931 and other financial papers 16-1-1930 - 1-9-1932", "page_number": 164, "title": "CO129-525-3 Estimates 1931 and other financial papers 16-1-1930 - 1-9-1932", "content_text": "183\n\n51\n\nHead 25. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\nHead 25.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\nSub-heads :-\n\n1 Personal Emoluments\n\nOther Charges\n\nA.-Staff.\n\n2 Conveyance and motor allowances to:—\n\nDirector and Deputy Director of Medical and Sanitary Services at $660 each......\n\n6 Medical Officers, 4 at $660 each, 1 at $360, and 1 at $216\n\n1 Visiting Assistant Medical Officer to Chinese Hospitals and Dispensaries at $900\n\n2 Medical Officers for Schools at $360 each\n\n1 Senior Health Officer at $660\n\n5 Health Officers at $660 each....\n\n1 Chinese Health Officer at $660\n\n1 Accountant at $120\n\n1 Chinese Medical Officer at $660\n\n1 Chinese Medical Officer at $144\n\n1 Chinese Medical Officer at $120\n\n1 Radiologist at $150\n\n1 Principal Matron at $180\n\n2 Matrons at $180 each\n\n1 X-Ray Sister at $180..\n\n1 Matron, Peak Hospital, at $240\n\n3 Matrons at $120 each..\n\n1 Home Sister and 1 Tutor Sister, at $90 each......\n\n29 Nursing Sisters at $90 each\n\n2 Nursing Sisters, Private Nursing Staff, at $120 each\n\nPeak Travelling Allowances to :-\n\n15 Sisters at $120 each\n\n6 Probationers at $90 each\n\n1 Clerk, 1 Dispenser & 1 Dresser, Victoria Hospital, at $144 each\n\n3 Transport\n\n4 Rent of Premises for Dispensaries and garage\n\nB.-General.\n\nApproved Estimate, 1930.Estimate, 1931.\n$$\n698,066962,672\n18,16218,500\n(1)6001,074\n6001,344\n(2)\n5Artificial Limbs600\n6Bedding and Clothing19,00023,500\n(3)\n7Board for 1 House Physician, 1 House Surgeon and 1 House Obstetrician at $365 each1,0951,095\n8Board and Lodging for 6 Pupil Midwives, at $96 each576576\n9Books250500\n(1)\n10Cleansing Materials5,5005,500\n11Dental Treatment3,0003,000\n12Fuel and Light49,50049,500\n13Furniture and Repairs to Furniture10,00010,000\n14Grants to Protestant and Roman Catholic Chaplains for Religious Services1,8001,800\n15Incidental Expenses2,7002,700\n16Maintenance of lunatics at Canton17,00015,000\n(5)\n17Grant to Sheklung Leper Asylum5,000\n(6)\n18Medical Comforts2,5002,500\n19Medicines, Surgical Appliances and Instruments70,00060,000\n(5)\n20Provisions for Patients130,000130,000\n21Tung Wah, Tung Wah Eastern and Kwong Wah Hospitals, Medicines5,0007,500\n22Upkeep of X-Ray Apparatus6,0008,000\n23.Upkeep of Travelling Dispensary800\n24Ventilation of Operating Theatre800800\n25Washing,\n26Expenses of Courses of Study and attendance at Medical Congresses\nCarried forward1,064,7231,332,987\n\n(1) Certain allowances detailed expected to lapse.\n\n(2) Increased rent for Dispensary.\n\n(3) Lower exchange and replacement at Kowloon Hospital.\n\n(4) Previous provision insufficient.\n\n(5) Considered sufficient.\n\n(6) New grant.\n\n(7) New grant for Tung Wah Eastern Hospital.\n\n(8) For new Travelling Dispensary.\n\n16,500\n\n5,000", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-525-3 Estimates 1931 and other financial papers 16-1-1930 - 1-9-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 525828, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-526-10 Water supply- Shing Mun Valley Scheme with plans of the dam and reservoir sites 8-5-1930 - 10-9-1930", "page_number": 80, "title": "CO129-526-10 Water supply- Shing Mun Valley Scheme with plans of the dam and reservoir sites 8-5-1930 - 10-9-1930", "content_text": "Head 24.—PRISONS DEPARTMENT\n\nPRISONS DEPARTMENT,—Continued.\n\nPERSONAL EMOLUMENTS,—Continued.\n\nDetails of the foregoing.—Continued.\n\n \n Brought forward\n \n $\n 223,125\n \n \n \n Approved Estimate, 1929.\n $\n 218,461\n \n \n \n Estimate, 1930.\n \n \n \n\nHead 25.—MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\n \n \n Approved Estimate, 1929.\n $\n 395,607\n \n \n \n Estimate, 1930.\n $\n 698,066\n \n\nHead 25.—MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\nSub-heads -\n\n1 Personal Emoluments\n\n \n NUMBERS.\n 1929\n 1930\n \n \n Printing Shop.\n \n \n \n \n Principal Printing Officer, (£380 to £400 by £10 annually) Language Allowance\n 1\n 1\n \n \n Assistant Principal Printing Officer, (£330 to £380 by £10 annually) Language Allowance\n 1\n 1\n \n \n 3 Printing Officers, (£200 to £320 by £10 annually)\n 3\n 3\n \n \n Language Allowance to 1.\n 1\n 1\n \n \n Proof Reader and Typist, ($1,440 to $2,440 by $120 annually)\n 1\n 1\n \n \n Hospital Staff.\n \n \n \n \n Hospital Supervisor, (£300 to £400 by £10 annually)\n \n \n \n \n Assistant Hospital Supervisor, (£250 to £300 by £10 annually)\n \n \n \n \n 1 Hospital Principal Indian Warder, ($925 to $1,140 by $60 annually)\n 1\n 1\n \n \n 1 Hospital Assistant Principal Indian Warder, ($600 to $720 by $30 annually)\n 1\n 1\n \n \n 7 Hospital Indian Warders, ($360 to $570 by $30 annually)\n 7\n 7\n \n \n Indian Staff.\n \n \n \n\nA.—Staff.\n\n \n 2 Conveyance and motor allowances to :-- Director and Deputy Director of Medical and Sanitary Services at $660 each\n \n 1,320\n \n \n 6 Medical Officers, 4 at $660 each, 1 at $360, and 1 at $216\n \n 3,096\n \n \n 1 Visiting Assistant Medical Officer to Chinese Hospitals and Dispensaries at $900\n 1\n 900\n \n \n 1 Medical Officer for Schools at $360\n 1\n 360\n \n \n 1 Senior Health Officer at $660\n 1\n 660\n \n \n 5 Health Officers at $660 each\n 5\n 3,300\n \n \n 1 Chinese Health Officer at $360\n 1\n 360\n \n \n Chief Warder ($960 to $1,200 by $60 annually)\n 1\n 1,200\n \n \n Principal Warders, ($840 to $1,080 by $60 annually)\n 2\n 2,004\n \n \n Assistant Principal Warders, ($540 to $660 by $30 annually)\n 3\n 1,911\n \n \n Warders, $360 to $420 by $30 annually and 3 at $480 each\n 19\n 8,123\n \n \n Do., Personal Allowances to 7 at $21 each\n 7\n 147\n \n \n Assistant Warders, ($300 to $336 by $12 annually)\n 16\n 4,896\n \n \n Guards, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually)\n 33,160\n 33,271\n \n \n Guards, temporary, ($192 for 1st 6 months then $240 to $288 by $12 annually)\n 12,851\n 12,841\n \n \n 3 Transport\n \n \n \n \n 1 Accountant at $120\n 1\n 120\n \n \n 1 Chinese Medical Officer at $660\n 1\n 660\n \n \n 1 Chinese Medical Officer at $144\n 1\n 144\n \n \n 1 Chinese Medical Officer at $120\n 1\n 120\n \n \n 1 Radiologist at $150\n 1\n 150\n \n \n Principal Matron at $180\n 1\n 180\n \n \n 1 Masseuse at $180\n 1\n 180\n \n \n 1 Matron, Peak Hospital, at $240\n 1\n 240\n \n \n 3 Matrons at $120 each\n 3\n 360\n \n \n 1 Home Sister and 31 Nursing Sisters, at $90 each\n 32\n 2,880\n \n \n 2 Nursing Sisters, Private Nursing Staff, at $120 each\n 2\n 240\n \n \n Peak Travelling Allowances to :-- 15 Sisters at $120 each\n 15\n 1,800\n \n \n 6 Probationers at $90 each\n 6\n 540\n \n \n 1 Clerk, 1 Dispenser & Dresser, Victoria Hospital, at $144 each\n 2\n 288\n \n \n 4 Rent of Premises for Dispensaries and garage\n \n 1,074\n \n \n Rent Allowances\n \n 1,800\n \n\nB.—General.\n\n \n Language Allowances\n \n 5,200\n 5,300\n \n \n Allowance to Warder for Identification of Old Offenders\n \n 600\n 600\n \n \n 5 Artificial Limbs\n \n 120\n 120\n \n \n 6 Bedding and Clothing\n \n 22,000\n 19,000\n \n \n Allowance to Warder for taking Finger Prints\n \n 120\n 120\n \n \n 7 Board for House Physician, 1 House Surgeon and 1 House Obstetrician at $365 each\n \n 1,095\n 1,095\n \n \n 3 Trades Instructors, ($180 to $600 by $24 annually)\n 3\n 1,621\n 1,573\n \n \n Office Attendant\n 1\n 180\n 180\n \n \n 8 Board and Lodging for 6 Pupil Midwives, at $96 each\n 6\n 576\n 576\n \n \n 9 Books\n \n 150\n 250\n \n \n Good Conduct Allowance\n \n 72\n 72\n \n \n 10 Cleansing Materials\n \n 5,500\n 5,500\n \n \n Rent Allowance\n \n 48\n 48\n \n \n 11 Dental Stores\n \n 3,000\n 3,000\n \n \n 1 Motor Driver, ($360 to $420 by $12 annually)\n 1\n 406\n 418\n \n \n 12 Equipment for Malarial Research Officer\n \n 2,000\n 2,000\n \n \n 13 Anti-malarial Field Works\n \n 5,000\n 5,000\n \n \n Miscellaneous.\n \n \n \n \n \n 14 Fuel and Light\n \n 46,000\n 49,500\n \n \n Cooks, at $132 each\n 7\n 924\n 924\n \n \n 15 Furniture and Repairs to Furniture\n \n 9,000\n 10,000\n \n \n Good Conduct Allowances to 2 at $12 each, 1 at $15, 1 at $1, 2 at $2 each\n \n 26\n 47\n \n \n 16 Grants to Protestant and Roman Catholic Chaplains for Religious Services\n \n 1,800\n 1,800\n \n \n Rent Allowances, at $24 each\n \n 168\n 168\n \n \n 17 Incidental Expenses\n \n 2,500\n 2,700\n \n \n Messenger, at $132\n 1\n 132\n 132\n \n \n 18 Maintenance of lunatics at Canton\n \n 17,000\n 17,000\n \n \n Good Conduct Allowance\n \n 36\n 36\n \n \n 19 Medical Comforts\n \n 3,000\n 2,500\n \n \n Rent Allowance\n \n 17\n 20\n \n \n Coolies, at $132 each\n \n 48\n 48\n \n \n 20 Medicines, Surgical Appliances and Instruments\n \n 60,000\n 70,000\n \n \n Personal Allowance to 1\n \n 12\n 12\n \n \n 21 Provisions for Patients\n \n 118,000\n 130,000\n \n \n 22 Tung Wah and Kwong Wah Hospitals, Medicines\n \n 5,000\n 5,000\n \n \n Good Conduct Allowances to 2 at $72 each, 1 at $36, 1 at $24, 1 at $22, 8 at $12, 1 at $6, 2 at $4 each, and 1 at $1\n \n \n \n \n \n 23 Upkeep of X-Ray Apparatus\n \n 4,500\n 6,000\n \n \n 24 Ventilation of Operating Theatre\n \n 800\n 800\n \n \n Rent Allowances, at $24 each and 3 at $48\n \n 294\n 387\n \n \n (1) Stipulated allowances.\n \n \n \n \n \n (2) New posts.\n \n \n \n \n \n (3) Stipulated increment.\n \n \n \n \n \n Total Personal Emoluments\n \n 297,764\n 321,784\n \n \n (4) New appointments.\n \n \n \n \n \n (5) 3 transferred to Hospital Warders.\n \n \n \n \n \n (6) Transferred from Pharmacist\n \n \n \n \n \n 25 Washing,\n \n 15,000\n 16,500\n \n \n \n \n 408\n 552\n \n \n 26 Expenses of Courses of Study and attendance at Medical Congresses\n \n 5,000\n 5,000\n \n \n Carried forward\n \n 934,844\n 1,071,723\n \n\nPage 80\n\nPage 81", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-526-10 Water supply- Shing Mun Valley Scheme with plans of the dam and reservoir sites 8-5-1930 - 10-9-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 529751, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-533-12 Additional revenue proposals- revision of postal rates 2-3-1931 - 8-10-1931", "page_number": 63, "title": "CO129-533-12 Additional revenue proposals- revision of postal rates 2-3-1931 - 8-10-1931", "content_text": "# \n## Second period 1860-1877.\n## Third period 1878-1900.\n\nIn 1850 the Committee of Education says in reporting on the aided schools all the teachers are professed Christians; and it names Bishop Bone's catechism in a list of the school books—a Chinese translation compulsorily taught to the sons of unbelieving peasants by professed converts.\n\nAt this period there were besides St. Andrew's 18 Government schools with an average attendance of 400; and 4 Missionary schools, 2 Protestant and 2 Roman Catholic, with an average attendance of less than 100 pupils.\n\nThe rudiments of English were first taught in the Government Schools at about this time.\n\nMeanwhile a change of opinion had been gaining ground. Dr. Legge was opposed to every form of State religion; and when in 1859 he became predominant in the councils of education, he led a successful movement to modify the existing policy of the Government, which might have been summed up in the words, Christianity through letters: proselytising rather than education was the keynote.\n\nThe second period in the history of education in the Colony may be considered as dating from 1860. In that year Dr. Legge acted as Chairman of the Committee (now termed Board of Education). Supported by the new Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, he merged certain of the small Government Schools into a Central School, which, under the name of Queen's College, is to-day the most important school in Hong Kong. The first headmaster, Dr. Stewart, was also appointed Inspector of Schools to the Board. In 1865 the Board of Education was abolished.\n\nThis completed Dr. Legge's revolution. The Education Department was now no longer under the direction of the Bishop of Victoria; it became a civil department under the Inspector of Schools directly responsible to the Governor. The Diocesan School and Orphanage for Boys was founded in 1870.\n\nThe Roman Catholic Bishop Raimondi was a keen educationist. Under his influence the Roman Catholic Schools had by 1871 increased to thirteen in number with over 600 pupils, half of whom were girls. The West Point Reformatory was one of these Schools. In the same year the Protestant Missionary Schools could only show an attendance of something over 100 children.\n\nFor all this time and till 1871 no financial support of any importance was given to Missionary Schools. Apparently they charged no fees; and thus Hong Kong was in this happy position, that a very large part of its educational responsibilities was borne by charitably disposed persons at home.\n\nThe year 1872 is of importance as being the first in which a Grant was offered to schools belonging to the Christian Missions. A code was drawn up, containing a condition to which great importance appears to have been attached at the time: no religious instruction was allowed during four consecutive working hours each day. With 1877 the second period draws to a close.\n\nWhilst in the first period the Government rivalled the missionaries in a race to Christianise the community by means of education, in the second, on the other hand, it confined itself to secular instruction, and, so far from supporting the missions, declined to associate with them, except on the clear understanding that money paid for education should not and could not be used for proselytising.\n\n## \nAn amended Grant Code was issued in 1878 which stipulated that Code subjects should be taught for four hours daily, but otherwise left it absolutely in the hands of the managers how and when religious instruction should be given. Thenceforward Government and Protestant and Roman Catholic Schools have worked harmoniously side by side, with nothing worse than a very friendly rivalry between them.\n\nDr. Eitel was appointed Inspector of Schools in 1879. He held the popular laissez-faire views of his day, and was opposed to state schools where avoidable. In the one year 1893 eleven Government Schools were closed on the ground that they had been rendered unnecessary by new Grant Schools.\n\nDr. Eitel did not, like Dr. Stewart, combine the duties of Inspector of Schools and Headmaster Queen's College. Dr. Wright was appointed Headmaster. He and Dr. Eitel were unable to agree in their views, with the result that Queen's College was made independent of the Inspector of Schools. Thus education in the Colony became a thing of divided counsels for many years, and though the system no longer exists some of its evil effects are hardly obliterated.\n\nIn 1894 the Grant Code was amended and provision made for Building Grants. In 1897 Dr. Eitel was succeeded by Mr. A. W. Brewin, who was succeeded by the writer in 1901.\n\n## Fourth period 1901-1910.\n\nIn that year an Education Committee consisting of Mr. Brewin, Registrar-General, Dr. Ho Kai, and the writer, reported at considerable length upon the unsatisfactory condition of education in the Colony, and many of the reforms since instituted may be referred back to this Committee. It emphasised the need of introducing oral methods in the teaching of English, modern ideas respecting history and geography, and the cultivation by Chinese students of their own language.\n\nThe system of giving grants which had hitherto been entirely and unashamedly by results was brought more closely into accord with modern ideas, and the Grant Code amended accordingly. The need for more practical and better teaching in the Vernacular Schools was insisted on.\n\nThe Technical Institute was founded in 1907, under the governorship of Sir Matthew Nathan. Upon the retirement of Dr. Wright in 1909 the Department was reconsolidated under one Head, the Director of Education.\n\nThe idea of founding a University in Hong Kong was by no means new; but the rapid advance of English education during the last preceding years had made it a practical possibility. In the governorship of Sir F. Lugard (1907-1912) the liberality of the late Sir Hormusjee Moody supplied a building; and public interest now deeply stirred, not only locally but in China and among Chinese in the Straits and elsewhere abroad, provided the funds. The Hong Kong University was opened in 1911, and with it the present chapter of education in Hong Kong begins. A bold piece of legislation in 1918 the Education Ordinance—established the compulsory inspection of schools. The total nett expenditure on education in 1901 was $60,668, in 1913 it was $269,164, of which only about $15,000 was spent on primary Vernacular Schools, i.e., roughly speaking, on primary education.\n\nIn the period 1901-1913 the average number of pupils in Government and Grant Schools receiving instruction through the medium of the English language (roughly the equivalent of secondary education) increased by 60 per cent., while the corresponding increase for Vernacular Schools was only 10 per cent. In the same period the English-teaching Staff in Government Schools increased from 27 to 98 in number.\n\nIt will be noticed from the concluding paragraphs of the above extract that a very small proportion of the Government's expenditure on education was at that time devoted to primary education. This continues to be so, and is a feature of the Colony's educational system which is open to criticism, for the reason amongst others that, broadly speaking, primary education is all that the poorer Chinese can afford, and the Government is therefore giving least help to those who are least able to help themselves. However, the terms 'primary' and 'secondary' are used in a somewhat arbitrary and slightly confusing manner in Hong Kong, and their use in this Report will therefore as far as possible be avoided.\n\n## \nThe most interesting events in education since 1914 may be summed up as follows. The training of graduate teachers by Hong Kong University has begun to exercise an important influence on the Government schools in which they are employed. Other developments in the training of teachers have been the opening of a Normal School for women in 1921, and another for men, on the mainland, in 1926. King's College, now the biggest of the Government schools, was rehoused in fine and costly new premises in 1928. The opening of a Junior Technical School in 1933, and the fact that plans have been passed for a new Technical Institute, show that serious attention is now being given to technical education, formerly almost entirely neglected.\n\nAnother important change was made in 1933, the effects of which it is too early to estimate. Up till then the scholars in Government and Grant-in-Aid schools had been entered for the Cambridge Junior Local Examination in Class 2, and for Hong Kong University's Matriculation in Class I, the top class of the schools. It was then decided, for reasons which will be given later in this Report, to substitute for these two examinations a single School Certificate Examination, to be taken by all scholars in Class I, and carrying, under certain conditions, Hong Kong Matriculation with it. Though this examination, which is to be conducted by the University, will be held for the first time in June, 1935, its syllabus has exercised throughout 1934 a dominating influence over the work of the schools.\n\n*Mr. E. Irving.*", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-533-12 Additional revenue proposals- revision of postal rates 2-3-1931 - 8-10-1931.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 531760, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-536-1 Estimates- 1932 3-9-1931 - 16-6-1933", "page_number": 252, "title": "CO129-536-1 Estimates- 1932 3-9-1931 - 16-6-1933", "content_text": "# Head 25.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\n# Head 25.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\nSub-heads :-\n\n1 Personal Emoluments\n\nOther Charges\n\nA.-Staff.\n\nApproved Estimate, 1931.\n\nEstimate, 1932.\n\n$\n\n.......... 962,672\n\n1,203,604\n\n2 Conveyance and motor allowances to :—\n\nDirector and Deputy Director of Medical and Sanitary Services at $480 each.....\n\n4 Medical Officers, at $660 each\n\n1 Assistant Visiting Medical Officer to Chinese Hospitals and Dispensaries at $660\n\n1 Medical Officer for Schools at $360.....\n\n4 Health Officers 2 at $660 and 2 at $600 each.\n\n1 Lady Health Officer at $360...\n\n1 Chinese Health Officer at $600\n\n1 Accountant at $120\n\n1 Chinese Medical Officer at $480\n\n1 Chinese Medical Officer at $360\n\n2 Chinese Medical Officers at $144 each..\n\n1 Chinese Medical Officer at $120\n\n1 Principal Matron at $180\n\n2 Masseuses at $180 each..\n\n1 X-Ray Sister at $180..\n\n1 Matron, Peak Hospital, at $240 for 3 months only\n\n3 Matrons at $120 each...\n\n1 Home Sister and 1 Tutor Sister, at $90 each.\n\n27 Nursing Sisters at $90 each\n\n2 Nursing Sisters, Private Nursing Staff, at $120 each\n\nPeak Travelling Allowances to :-\n\n13 Sisters at $120 each\n\n6 Probationers at $90 each\n\n2 Clerks, 1 Dispenser & 1 Dresser, Victoria Hospital, at $144 each\n\n18,500\n\n16,234 (1)\n\n3 Transport\n\n600\n\n600\n\n4 Rent of Premises for Dispensaries, garage, Infant Welfare and V. D. Centre (Kowloon)\n\n1,344\n\n4,344 (2)\n\nB.-General.\n\n5 Artificial Limbs\n\n600\n\n600\n\n6 Bedding and Clothing\n\n23,500\n\n24,000\n\n7 Board for 3 House Officers at $366 each\n\n1,095\n\n1,098 (4)\n\n8 Board and Lodging for 6 Pupil Midwives, at $96 each\n\n576\n\n576\n\n9 Books\n\n500\n\n500\n\n10 Cleansing Materials\n\n5,500\n\n6,500 (3) (5)\n\n11 Dental Treatment\n\n3,000\n\n4,000 (6)\n\n12 Fuel and Light\n\n49,500\n\n50,000 (7)\n\n13 Upkeep of Hospital Equipment, etc,\n\n10,000\n\n12,000 (3)(5)\n\n14 Grants to Protestant and Roman Catholic Chaplains for Religious Services\n\n1,800\n\n1,800\n\n15 Incidental Expenses\n\n2,700\n\n16 Maintenance of lunatics at Canton\n\n15,000\n\n14,000\n\n2,500 (8)\n\nGrant to Sheklung Leper Asylum\n\n5,000\n\n(9)\n\n17 Medical Comforts\n\n2,500\n\n3,000 (3)\n\n18 Medicines, Surgical Appliances and Instruments\n\n60,000\n\n90,000 (3) (5)\n\n19 Provisions for Patients\n\n130,000\n\n120,000 (10)\n\nTung Wah, Tung Wah Eastern and Kwong Wah Hospitals, Medicines\n\n7,500\n\n20 Upkeep of X-Ray Apparatus\n\n8,000\n\n12,800 (3) (11)\n\n21 Upkeep of Travelling Dispensary\n\n800\n\n1,000\n\n22 Ventilation of Operating Theatre\n\n800\n\n600\n\n23 Washing,\n\n16,500\n\n16,500\n\n24 Expenses of Courses of Study and attendance at Medical Congresses\n\n5,000\n\n5,000\n\n25 Bonuses to Dispensary Licentiates and Clerks for vaccination of Children and registration of births\n\n(1) Allowances revised.\n\nCarried forward\n\n(2) Provision for Infant Welfare Centre and V. D. Clinic, Kowloon.\n\n(3) Lower rate of exchange.\n\n(4) Leap Year.\n\n(5) Expansion.\n\n(6) Dental fees increased.\n\n(7) Increased price of gas and coal, and installation of refrigerators,\n\n(8) Considered sufficient.\n\n(9) Transferred to Head 32, Charitable Services.\n\n(10) Lower contract.\n\n(11) More X-Ray examinations.\n\n(12) Transferred from Head 26 Sanitary Department.\n\n2,500 (12)\n\n1,332,987\n\n1,593,756\n\n294\n\n55", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-536-1 Estimates- 1932 3-9-1931 - 16-6-1933.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 535661, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-541-2 Estimates 1931 14-10-1932 - 19-7-1934", "page_number": 253, "title": "CO129-541-2 Estimates 1931 14-10-1932 - 19-7-1934", "content_text": "289\n\n56\n\n# Head 22.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\n## Approved Estimate, 1932\n\n### Head 22.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\n#### Sub-heads :-\n\n1 Personal Emoluments\n\nOther Charges.\n\nA.-Staff.\n\n2 Conveyance and motor allowances to:-\n\nAdministrative Staff, etc.\n\nDirector and Deputy Director of Medical and Sanitary Services at $480 each\n\nHigher Class Accountant at $120\n\nHospital Division, General.\n\n3 Medical Officers, at $660 each\n\n1 Chinese Medical Officer at $120\n\nRadiology.\n\n2 Masseuses at $180 each......\n\n1 X-Ray Sister at $180\n\nNursing Staff, General.\n\n1 Principal Matron at $180\n\n3 Matrons at $120 each\n\n1 Home Sister and 1 Tutor Sister, at $90 each.\n\n32 Nursing Sisters at $90 each...\n\n12 Nursing Sisters, (2 for Private Nursing and 10 for Victoria Hospital) at $120 each\n\n6 Probationer Nurses for Victoria Hospital at $90 each...\n\nDispensing and Clerical Staff for Hospitals.\n\n1 Dispenser and 2 Clerks for Victoria Hospital, at $144 each.....\n\nHealth Division.\n\n1 Senior Health Officer at $660\n\n3 Health Officers at $600 each\n\n1 Chinese Health Officer at $600\n\n1 Medical Officer for Schools and 2 Chinese Medical Officers at $360 each.....\n\n1 Lady Health Officer at $360...\n\n1 Visiting Medical Officer and 1 Assistant Visiting Medical Officer for Chinese Hospitals and Dispensaries at $660 each\n\n3 Chinese Lady Medical Officers at $144 each\n\nNew Territories.\n\n1 Medical Officer at $660..........\n\n2 Chinese Medical Officers at $360 each\n\n3 Artificial Limbs\n\n4 Bedding and Clothing\n\nB.-General.\n\n5 Board for 4 House Officers at $365 each\n\n1\n\n$\n\n## Estimate, 1933.\n\n1,203,604\n\n1,168,535\n\n16,234\n\n17,364\n\n(i)\n\n600\n\n24,000\n\n600\n\n20,000\n\n(2)\n\n1,098\n\n1,460\n\n(3)\n\n6 Board and Lodging for 6 Pupil Midwives, at $96 each\n\n576\n\n576\n\n7 Books\n\n500\n\n500\n\n8 Bonuses to Dispensary Licentiates and Clerks for vaccination of children and registration of births\n\n2,500\n\n3,700\n\n(4)\n\n9 Cleansing Materials\n\n6,500\n\n6,500\n\n10 Dental and other Special Treatment\n\n4,000\n\n4,000\n\n11 Expenses of Courses of Study and attendance at Medical Congresses\n\n5,000\n\n5,000\n\n12 Fuel and Light\n\n50,000\n\n50,000\n\n13 Grants to Protestant and Roman Catholic Chaplains for Religious Services\n\n1,800\n\n1,800\n\n14 Incidental Expenses\n\n2,500\n\n2,500\n\n15 Maintenance of lunatics at Canton\n\n14,000\n\n10,000\n\n16 Medical Comforts\n\n3,000\n\n2,700 (2).\n\nCarried forward\n\n1,335,912\n\n1,295,235\n\n(1) More Medical Officers drawing allowances. (2) Considered sufficient.\n\n(4) More vaccinations and registrations.\n\n(3) One new post.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-541-2 Estimates 1931 14-10-1932 - 19-7-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 545688, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-549-19 Education Department- system and organisation 11-7-1934 - 6-12-1934", "page_number": 51, "title": "CO129-549-19 Education Department- system and organisation 11-7-1934 - 6-12-1934", "content_text": "# \n## Second period 1860-1877.\n## Third period 1878-1900.\n\nX\n\nX.\n\nX\n\n6\n\nIn 1850 the Committee of Education says in reporting on the aided schools all the teachers are professed Christians; and it names Bishop Bone's catechism in a list of the school books—a Chinese translation compulsorily taught to the sons of unbelieving peasants by professed converts.\n\nAt this period there were besides St. Andrew's 13 Government schools with an average attendance of 400; and 4 Missionary schools, 2 Protestant and 2 Roman Catholic, with an average attendance of less than 100 pupils.\n\nThe rudiments of English were first taught in the Government Schools at about this time.\n\nMeanwhile a change of opinion had been gaining ground. Dr. Legge was opposed to every form of State religion; and when in 1859 he became predominant in the councils of education, he led a successful movement to modify the existing policy of the Government, which might have been summed up in the words, Christianity through letters: proselytising rather than education was the keynote.\n\nThe second period in the history of education in the Colony may be considered as dating from 1860. In that year Dr. Legge acted as Chairman of the Committee (now termed Board) of Education. Supported by the new Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, he merged certain of the small Government Schools into a Central School, which, under the name of Queen's College, is to-day the most important school in Hong Kong. The first headmaster, Dr. Stewart, was also appointed Inspector of Schools to the Board. In 1865 the Board of Education was abolished.\n\nThis completed Dr. Legge's revolution. The Education Department was now no longer under the direction of the Bishop of Victoria; it became a civil department under the Inspector of Schools directly responsible to the Governor. The Diocesan School and Orphanage for Boys was founded in 1870.\n\nThe Roman Catholic Bishop Raimondi was a keen educationist. Under his influence the Roman Catholic Schools had by 1871 increased to thirteen in number with over 600 pupils, half of whom were girls. The West Point Reformatory was one of these Schools. In the same year the Protestant Missionary Schools could only show an attendance of something over 100 children.\n\nFor all this time and till 1871 no financial support of any importance was given to Missionary Schools. Apparently they charged no fees; and thus Hong Kong was in this happy position, that a very large part of its educational responsibilities was borne by charitably disposed persons at home.\n\nThe year 1872 is of importance as being the first in which a Grant was offered to schools belonging to the Christian Missions. A code was drawn up, containing a condition to which great importance appears to have been attached at the time: no religious instruction was allowed during four consecutive working hours each day. With 1877 the second period draws to a close.\n\nWhilst in the first period the Government rivalled the missionaries in a race to Christianise the community by means of education, in the second, on the other hand, it confined itself to secular instruction, and, so far from supporting the missions, declined to associate with them, except on the clear understanding that money paid for education should not and could not be used for proselytising.\n\nAn amended Grant Code was issued in 1878 which stipulated that Code subjects should be taught for four hours daily, but otherwise left it absolutely in the hands of the managers, how and when religious instruction should be given. Thenceforward Government and Protestant and Roman Catholic Schools have worked harmoniously side by side, with nothing worse than a very friendly rivalry between them.\n\nDr. Eitel was appointed Inspector of Schools in 1879. He held the popular laissez-faire views of his day, and was opposed to state schools where avoidable. In the one year 1898 eleven Government Schools were closed on the ground that they had been rendered unnecessary by new Grant Schools.\n\nDr. Eitel did not, like Dr. Stewart, combine the duties of Inspector of Schools and Headmaster Queen's College. Dr. Wright was appointed Headmaster. He and Dr. Eitel were unable to agree in their views, with the result that Queen's College was made independent of the Inspector of Schools. Thus education in the Colony became a thing of divided counsels for many years, and though the system no longer exists some of its evil effects are hardly obliterated.\n\n7\n\nIn 1894 the Grant Code was amended and provision made for Building Grants.\n\nIn 1897 Dr. Eitel was succeeded by Mr. A. W. Brewin, who was succeeded by the writer* in 1901.\n\nIn that year an Education Committee consisting of Mr. Brewin, Registrar-General, Dr. Ho Kai, and the writer, reported at considerable length upon the unsatisfactory condition of education in the Colony, and many of the reforms since instituted may be referred back to this Committee. It emphasised the need of introducing oral methods in the teaching of English, modern ideas respecting history and geography, and the cultivation by Chinese students of their own language.\n\n## The fourth period 1901-1910.\n\nThe system of giving grants which had hitherto been entirely and unashamedly by results was brought more closely into accord with modern ideas, and the Grant Code amended accordingly. The need for more practical and better teaching in the Vernacular Schools was insisted on.\n\nThe Technical Institute was founded in 1907, under the governorship of Sir Matthew Nathan. Upon the retirement of Dr. Wright in 1909 the Department was reconsolidated under one Head, the Director of Education.\n\nThe idea of founding a University in Hong Kong was by no means new; but the rapid advance of English education during the last preceding years had made it a practical possibility. In the governorship of Sir F. Lugard (1907-1912) the liberality of the late Sir Hormusjee Moody supplied a building; and public interest now deeply stirred, not only locally but in China and among Chinese in the Straits and elsewhere abroad, provided the funds. The Hong Kong University was opened in 1911, and with it the present chapter of education in Hong Kong begins. A bold piece of legislation in 1918—the Education Ordinance—established the compulsory inspection of schools.\n\nThe total nett expenditure on education in 1901 was $60,663, in 1913 it was $269,164, of which only about $15,000 was spent on primary Vernacular Schools, i.e., roughly speaking, on primary education.\n\nIn the period 1901-1913 the average number of pupils in Government and Grant Schools receiving instruction through the medium of the English language (roughly the equivalent of secondary education) increased by 60 per cent., while the corresponding increase for Vernacular Schools was only 10 per cent. In the same period the English-teaching Staff in Government Schools increased from 27 to 98 in number. It will be noticed from the concluding paragraphs of the above extract that a very small proportion of the Government's expenditure on education was at that time devoted to primary education. This continues to be so, and is a feature of the Colony's educational system which is open to criticism, for the reason amongst others that, broadly speaking, primary education is all that the poorer Chinese can afford, and the Government is therefore giving least help to those who are least able to help themselves. However, the terms primary and secondary are used in a somewhat arbitrary and slightly confusing manner in Hong Kong, and their use in this Report will therefore as far as possible be avoided.\n\nThe most interesting events in education since 1914 may be summed up as follows. The training of graduate teachers by Hong Kong University has begun to exercise an important influence on the Government schools in which they are employed. Other developments in the training of teachers have been the opening of a Normal School for women in 1921, and another for men, on the mainland, in 1926. King's College, now the biggest of the Government schools, was rehoused in fine and costly new premises in 1928. The opening of a Junior Technical School in 1933, and the fact that plans have been passed for a new Technical Institute, show that serious attention is now being given to technical education, formerly almost entirely neglected.\n\nAnother important change was made in 1934, the effects of which it is too early to estimate. Up till then the scholars in Government and Grant-in-Aid school had been entered for the Cambridge Junior Local Examination in Class 2, and for Hong Kong University's Matriculation in Class I, the top class of the schools. It was then decided, for reasons which will be given later in this Report, to substitute for these two examinations a single School Certificate Examination, to be taken by all scholars in Class I, and carrying, under certain conditions, Hong Kong Matriculation with it. Though this examination, which is to be conducted by the University, will be held for the first time in June, 1935, its syllabus has exercised throughout 1934 a dominating influence over the work of the schools.\n\n* Mr. E. Irving.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-549-19 Education Department- system and organisation 11-7-1934 - 6-12-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548109, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-553-12 Education- report of Mr Burney's visit 28-3-1935 - 7-8-1936", "page_number": 62, "title": "CO129-553-12 Education- report of Mr Burney's visit 28-3-1935 - 7-8-1936", "content_text": "62\n\n63\n\nSecond period 1860-1877.\n\nThird period 1878-1900.\n\n6\n\nIn 1850 the Committee of Education says in reporting on the aided schools all the teachers are professed Christians; and it names Bishop Bone's catechism in a list of the school books—a Chinese translation compulsorily taught to the sons of unbelieving peasants by professed converts.\n\nAt this period there were besides St. Andrew's 13 Government schools with an average attendance of 400; and 4 Missionary schools, 2 Protestant and 2 Roman Catholic, with an average attendance of less than 100 pupils.\n\nThe rudiments of English were first taught in the Government Schools at about this time.\n\nMeanwhile a change of opinion had been gaining ground. Dr. Legge was opposed to every form of State religion; and when in 1859 he became predominant in the councils of education, he led a successful movement to modify the existing policy of the Government, which might have been summed up in the words, Christianity through letters: proselytising rather than education was the keynote.\n\nThe second period in the history of education in the Colony may be considered as dating from 1860. In that year Dr. Legge acted as Chairman of the Committee (now termed Board) of Education. Supported by the new Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, he merged certain of the small Government Schools into a Central School, which, under the name of Queen's College, is to-day the most important school in Hong Kong. The first headmaster, Dr. Stewart, was also appointed Inspector of Schools to the Board. In 1865 the Board of Education was abolished.\n\nThis completed Dr. Legge's revolution. The Education Department was now no longer under the direction of the Bishop of Victoria; it became a civil department under the Inspector of Schools directly responsible to the Governor. The Diocesan School and Orphanage for Boys was founded in 1870.\n\nThe Roman Catholic Bishop Raimondi was a keen educationist. Under his influence the Roman Catholic Schools had by 1871 increased to thirteen in number with over 600 pupils, half of whom were girls. The West Point Reformatory was one of these Schools. In the same year the Protestant Missionary Schools could only show an attendance of something over 100 children.\n\nFor all this time and till 1871 no financial support of any importance was given to Missionary Schools. Apparently they charged no fees; and thus Hong Kong was in this happy position, that a very large part of its educational responsibilities was borne by charitably disposed persons at home.\n\nThe year 1872 is of importance as being the first in which a Grant was offered to schools belonging to the Christian Missions. A code was drawn up, containing a condition to which great importance appears to have been attached at the time: no religious instruction was allowed during four consecutive working hours each day. With 1877 the second period draws to a close.\n\nWhilst in the first period the Government rivalled the missionaries in a race to Christianise the community by means of education, in the second, on the other hand, it confined itself to secular instruction, and, so far from supporting the missions, declined to associate with them, except on the clear understanding that money paid for education should not and could not be used for proselytising.\n\nAn amended Grant Code was issued in 1878 which stipulated that Code subjects should be taught for four hours daily, but otherwise left it absolutely in the hands of the managers how and when religious instruction should be given. Thenceforward Government and Protestant and Roman Catholic Schools have worked harmoniously side by side, with nothing worse than a very friendly rivalry between them.\n\nDr. Eitel was appointed Inspector of Schools in 1879. He held the popular laissez-faire views of his day, and was opposed to state schools where avoidable. In the one year 1899 eleven Government Schools were closed on the ground that they had been rendered unnecessary by new Grant Schools.\n\nDr. Eitel did not, like Dr. Stewart, combine the duties of Inspector of Schools and Headmaster Queen's College. Dr. Wright was appointed Headmaster. He and Dr. Eitel were unable to agree in their views, with the result that Queen's College was made independent of the Inspector of Schools. Thus education in the Colony became a thing of divided counsels for many years, and though the system no longer exists some of its evil effects are hardly obliterated.\n\n7\n\nIn 1894 the Grant Code was amended and provision made for Building Grants. In 1897 Dr. Eitel was succeeded by Mr. A. W. Brewin, who was succeeded by the writer in 1901.\n\n1901-1910.\n\nThe fourth period may be considered to date from 1901. In that year an Education Committee consisting of Mr. Brewin, Registrar-General, Dr. Ho Kai, and the writer, reported at considerable length upon the unsatisfactory condition of education in the Colony, and many of the reforms since instituted may be referred back to this Committee. It emphasised the need of introducing oral methods in the teaching of English, modern ideas respecting history and geography, and the cultivation by Chinese students of their own language.\n\nThe system of giving grants which had hitherto been entirely and unashamedly by results was brought more closely into accord with modern ideas, and the Grant Code amended accordingly. The need for more practical and better teaching in the Vernacular Schools was insisted on.\n\nThe Technical Institute was founded in 1907, under the governorship of Sir Matthew Nathan. Upon the retirement of Dr. Wright in 1909 the Department was reconsolidated under one Head, the Director of Education.\n\nThe idea of founding a University in Hong Kong was by no means new; but the rapid advance of English education during the last preceding years had made it a practical possibility. In the governorship of Sir F. Lugard (1907-1912) the liberality of the late Sir Hormusjee Mody supplied a building; and public interest now deeply stirred, not only locally but in China and among Chinese in the Straits and elsewhere abroad, provided the funds. The Hong Kong University was opened in 1911, and with it the present chapter of education in Hong Kong begins. A bold piece of legislation in 1913 the Education Ordinance established the compulsory inspection of schools. The total nett expenditure on education in 1901 was $60,663, in 1913 it was $269,164, of which only about $15,000 was spent on primary Vernacular Schools, i.e., roughly speaking, on primary education.\n\nIn the period 1901-1913 the average number of pupils in Government and Grant Schools receiving instruction through the medium of the English language (roughly the equivalent of secondary education) increased by 60 per cent., while the corresponding increase for Vernacular Schools was only 10 per cent. In the same period the English-teaching Staff in Government Schools increased from 27 to 98 in number. It will be noticed from the concluding paragraphs of the above extract that a very small proportion of the Government's expenditure on education was at that time devoted to primary education. This continues to be so, and is a feature of the Colony's educational system which is open to criticism, for the reason amongst others that, broadly speaking, primary education is all that the poorer Chinese can afford, and the Government is therefore giving least help to those who are least able to help themselves. However, the terms primary and secondary are used in a somewhat arbitrary and slightly confusing manner in Hong Kong, and their use in this Report will therefore as far as possible be avoided.\n\nLL\n\nThe most interesting events in education since 1914 may be summed up as follows. The training of graduate teachers by Hong Kong University has begun to exercise an important influence on the Government schools in which they are employed. Other developments in the training of teachers have been the opening of a Normal School for women in 1921, and another for men, on the mainland, in 1926. King's College, now the biggest of the Government schools, was rehoused in fine and costly new premises in 1928. The opening of a Junior Technical School in 1933, and the fact that plans have been passed for a new Technical Institute, show that serious attention is now being given to technical education, formerly almost entirely neglected.\n\nAnother important change was made in 1933, the effects of which it is too early to estimate. Up till then the scholars in Government and Grant-in-Aid schools had been entered for the Cambridge Junior Local Examination in Class 2, and for Hong Kong University's Matriculation in Class I, the top class of the schools. It was then decided, for reasons which will be given later in this Report, to substitute for these two examinations a single School Certificate Examination, to be taken by all scholars in Class I, and carrying, under certain conditions, Hong Kong Matriculation with it. Though this examination, which is to be conducted by the University, will be held for the first time in June, 1935, its syllabus has exercised throughout 1934 a dominating influence over the work of the schools.\n\nMr. E. Irving.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-12 Education- report of Mr Burney's visit 28-3-1935 - 7-8-1936.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 577953, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-591-3 Education Department- revised grant code 24-10-1945 - 11-12-1945", "page_number": 92, "title": "CO129-591-3 Education Department- revised grant code 24-10-1945 - 11-12-1945", "content_text": "Central Executive Branch,\n\nCivil Affairs,\n\nPost Office Building,\n\nHong Kong,\n\n24th October, 1945.\n\nPilo\n\nRef: 9-B/42.\n\nC.W.M. Cox, Esq., C.M.G.\n\nEducation Adviser,\n\nColonial Office,\n\nPalace Chambers,\n\nBridge Street,\n\nLONDON, S.W.1.\n\nMy dear Cox,\n\nI have been so busy during the past three weeks that I have been unable to submit my first Situation Report to you.\n\nBefore going on to that subject, however, I should like to make certain that the new Grant Code for Hong Kong has not reached the Colonial Office through official channels. I certainly looked for it in every possible Department while I was in London but could find no trace of it. Two of the Heads of the grant schools have fortunately preserved copies of it and the Rev. Frank Short, Headmaster of Ying Wah School, who was a member of the drafting committee, which drew up the Code, is fortunately still in the Colony. He has asked me if you would be so kind as to get in touch with Dr. A.M. Chirgwin of the London Missionary Society, 42 Broadway, London, with a view to obtaining staff for the two Ying Wah Schools.\n\nWith regard to staff for the grant-aided schools, I had already put to the Eastern Department, through Miss Ruston, the suggestion that in the present unusual circumstances, the Colonial Office should guarantee the passages of the staff required by the grant schools for immediate replacements. At the same time, I sent a cable through the War Office to Sedgwick of the Planning Unit, asking him to get in touch with Bishop Hall and the Rev. Father MacMahon for the immediate recruitment of six teachers each for the Protestant and Catholic schools; and also that my suggestion that Government should pay their passages should be taken up. The two Ying Wah schools do not come into either of these categories as they are run by the London Missionary Society. For this reason, I have passed on to you the Rev. Short's message.\n\nWith regard to passages, I find that in Paragraph 22 of the new Grant Code, the following rule is laid down:\n\n\"The expenditure may include provision for the cost of 'second-class passages for European teachers on first appointment, on taking approved leave, and on retirement. Similar passages", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-591-3 Education Department- revised grant code 24-10-1945 - 11-12-1945.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 577954, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-591-3 Education Department- revised grant code 24-10-1945 - 11-12-1945", "page_number": 93, "title": "CO129-591-3 Education Department- revised grant code 24-10-1945 - 11-12-1945", "content_text": "\"may also be approved for the wife and family of a European teacher in accordance with the regulations for the time being in force with respect to similar teachers in Government service\".\n\n\"Expenditure\" refers to the expenditure approved by the Code and includes salaries, passages, rent, and other charges.\n\nYou will see, therefore, that I am most anxious to discover whether the Code ever received official sanction from the Secretary of State because it appears that in November 1941 all grant schools were circularised to the effect that the terms and conditions of the new Code would be considered as having come into effect as from the 1st September 1941.\n\nI have gone very carefully through the Code, first, on my own; then, with Mr. Walton, the Acting Director, and finally, at a full meeting of all the Heads of grant schools. Being well aware of the state of feeling in the East Indies and other Colonies towards the provisions made in such Codes, I was careful to inform the meeting that while discussion would be permissible on any sections of the Code, where the meaning or intention was doubtful, the meeting had really been called in order that they might refresh their minds as to the principles and conditions of the new Code. I am glad to say that the meeting was, so far as I am aware, a complete success. I spoke afterwards with both the Roman Catholic and Protestant representatives who seemed to consider that the meeting had been most useful; they asked who they might submit memoranda on certain points which were still obscure or which, they felt, placed their own denominations at a disadvantage. They fully realised that the new Code, as it stood, could not be changed in form or detail, but I agreed that any memoranda they cared to put up would be forwarded to London together with the Code, or later, if it had already been sent. So far as I know, the conditions in the Code had already been agreed but, I was told, under protest in some cases. The question of the assessment of salaries for Serving Brothers of a Religious Order was causing some concern to the Catholic Members. I gathered that it was not so much that they wished these Brothers to have the same salary as lay teachers but that they wished it to appear so. They suggested a basic salary for all European teachers (male) whether Brothers or lay, in the grant-aided schools, with generous allowances for marriage and for children. In this way, they said, the lay teachers would, in fact, be able to receive a salary which was within the scale laid down for Europeans, viz: £150 to £600 per annum. I have not examined this question in detail, but it is to me, at least, an entirely new way of assessing the difference in salaries between the teaching Brothers (who, of course, would not get married) and the lay teachers (who, presumably, would). I made no comment on the suggestion.\n\nI am forwarding to you an advance copy of the Grant Code in the form in which I found it on arrival, and in which, presumably, it came into force on September 1st, 1941. I shall later give you my comments on the Code.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-591-3 Education Department- revised grant code 24-10-1945 - 11-12-1945.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 586377, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-603-3 Education Department- revised grant code 24-1-1949 - 28-12-1949", "page_number": 23, "title": "CO129-603-3 Education Department- revised grant code 24-1-1949 - 28-12-1949", "content_text": "E.D. FORM 1\n\n3,000/1/49\n\nREF. No.\n\n22\n\n2.\n\nEDUCATION DEPARTMENT,\n\nHONG KONG.\n\nthe 14th ... 1948\n\nI am somewhat at a loss to understand why the Bishop refers to the Code already approved by the Secretary of State for the Colonies as a Draft Grant Code! I realise that if he keeps on using this expression and it is not corrected, he will before long come to think it is correct.\n\nI have, in fact, been more generous than I need have been in view of the minutes of our meeting in London in September, 1948.\n\nParagraphs 5 and 6 of the Bishop's letter are the sort of thing to which there is no answer and are typical of the Bishop's usual line of argument. I did not agree to drop Clause 37 since the majority of the Grant Schools wished it to be retained, but I did undertake to find some means to give the Bishop's School Managing Committees more freedom in handling financial matters, which at the time were proving so irksome to them. This I am certain I have accomplished, and no matter whether Clause 37 remains or not, and whether I exercise my option under the principle of Clause 39, the automatic cut in grant would still be the equivalent of the amount of extra fees collected over and above 50% of the tuition fee.\n\nWith regard to paragraph 7 of the Bishop's letter, the freedom which the Bishop wished for his Managers, and which I was prepared to concede, was entirely financial. Indeed, I remember Canon Grace remarking at the meeting that it was restrictions of this nature, which were at that time in force, which would deter him from accepting a Headmaster's post in Hong Kong. The Bishop wants to have his cake and eat it.\n\nI still maintain that it is not the life or death of the Anglican Schools (Bishop's comments on my letter, paragraph 1 (c)) which is the Bishop's problem. It simply is that under the present Code, it is likely that the Roman Catholics will outstrip the Protestants in the number of new schools that they can build, because the greater sense of religious duty of the Roman Catholics permits them to take less of their salaries for themselves and put a greater proportion into the Catholic Education Fund than the Protestants are willing or able to do. If the Bishop's proposals were accepted in full, it would mean that only the wealthy minority of the population would be able to send their children to the Protestant schools, in order, as it were, to provide ammunition in what is really a religious educational war.\n\nI trust...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-603-3 Education Department- revised grant code 24-1-1949 - 28-12-1949.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 } ]