[
    {
        "id": 224582,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "page_number": 488,
        "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "content_text": "34\n\nX\n\n431\n\n35\n\nREPORT ON\n\nInclosure in No. III.\n\nREPORT ON THE ISLAND OF CHUSAN.\n\nPhysical Geography—Chusan, or Chowsan, so called in Chinese from its resemblance to a boat, is the chief insular settlement of an archipelago of lofty islands, varying in size and fertility, which extend upwards of sixty miles from north to south, and about fifty miles from east to west—distant from Kito Point, on the mainland of China, about seven miles, and about forty miles distant from Ningpo. Tinghae, the capital of Chusan, is in 30° 10′ north latitude, and 122° 14′ east longitude. The length of the island is about twenty-three miles from east to west, and the breadth from north to south seven to eleven miles. The circumference is about 150 miles.\n\nThe two principal bays are those of Tinghae on the southern and of Singkong on the western coast of Chusan; there are, however, several other bays and harbours. Tinghae or Chusan Bay or harbour is land-locked, and has three good entrances*. One hundred sail of rigged vessels may anchor with ease in the inner harbour of Chusan, although the adjacent anchorages are generally safe. (See maps accompanying.) The rise and fall of tide is twelve feet six inches, and the average depth of the harbour is four to ten fathoms. There is a good position for docks and a dockyard, which are so much wanting in the China seas. Singkong bay or strait is six miles in length, with an average breadth of 700 yards. There are two entrances of easy access at the north and south extremities of the bay, which is well sheltered, and affords excellent anchorages for ships of war, or for vessels of large burthen. Good water is plentiful. There is an admirable site for a large dockyard.\n\n* I beat into the harbour at night with perfect safety.\n\nThe highest elevation of the island is at its eastern extremity where one peak rises to 1100 feet above the sea; the average height of the hilly portion is from 500 to 700 feet.\n\nChusan consists of numerous ranges of hills, with broad intervening valleys; every range is connected by spurs or buttresses, assuming the most varied forms, and appearing as if of diluvian origin, many parts at no great distance of time having been left dry by the receding ocean.\n\nSome of the valleys are from eight to nine miles long, and present one continuous scene of rich cultivation. Wherever there is any soil on the surface, the land is terraced and cropped with different useful vegetables. Wheat, tea, grasscloth plant, sweet potatoes, cotton, tobacco, and rice, may be found on the same side of a mountain, the water collected on the top being permitted to descend to the different terraces, until it is deposited in the rice-field at the bottom of the mountain. While the Spanish chestnut, walnut, tallow, and varnish trees, adorn and enrich the lowlands. Canals, some twenty feet wide, are very numerous, and kept always flowing by means of locks and of the numerous streams of fine water which fall from the hills, sometimes in beautiful cascades. The canals are used to mark the boundaries of property as well as for irrigation. One large canal southward and eastward of Tinghae admits junks of considerable burthen a good way into the north valley and adjacent to the gates of the city, at the rise of the tide which is twelve feet six inches (see map).\n\nThe whole island is intersected by substantial paved or flagged roads about five to seven feet broad, slightly elevated above the adjacent fields, but which at little expense might be widened to admit of wheeled carriages. At present, everything is borne on the shoulders of men; but the unshod horse traverses the roads with celerity.\n\nThe towns and villages are scattered pretty equally over the whole island; in the valley of Tachin is a very large unwalled town with a river running through it.\n\nThe whole island is admirably irrigated; the water which flows from the hills is very pure, and conduits might readily be constructed to bring abundance of water into Tinghae, instead of relying on the wells, which are said to be brackish and a cause of diarrhoea.\n\nOne third of the island, according to Lieutenant Sargent, is cultivated. Dr. Gingell, 2nd Madras Native Infantry, the Chinese interpreter, says, that 135,000 mows of land are under cultivation with grain. Reckoning the mow as equal to an English rood, this would give 33,750 acres producing chiefly rice. When we consider that two crops of rice and one of oil-seed are obtained annually from the land (the October rice crop growing up while the August rice crop is being reaped), the amount of corn production must be considerable. As well as I could ascertain, I am led to conclude, that the agricultural produce of the island is sufficient to feed all its inhabitants throughout the year. The quantity of garden vegetables grown is very great; the soil, stimulated by the constant application of liquid manure (of which large earthen jars are kept at the corner of every field and garden), increases the size but diminishes the flavour of the different products which are grown in rapid succession, the earth being never allowed to lie fallow*.\n\n* Mr. Bernard, in his interesting work, \"Narrative of the Voyages and Services of the Nemesis,\" which I saw after this report was forwarded to the Governor, adverts to the hospitable, obliging, and civil disposition he experienced among the inhabitants of Chusan, and at vol. ii., p. 187, thus describes the island:—\n\n\"Nothing can be more striking or picturesque than the views on every side as you approach Chusan. Much as you may have read of the careful cultivation and economical husbandry of the Chinese (not always so great as supposed), you are here particularly struck with the garden-like aspect of every spot of ground you see. The country is hilly on all sides, but every hill is cultivated with extreme care up to its very summit. It is divided into small ridges or beds in which various productions are raised side by side, giving the greatest possible variety to the aspect of the country, and pointing out the vast labour and perseverance with which the tillage must be conducted to subdue the stubborn soil.' It is almost entirely spade husbandry, and ought rather to be called horticulture. In the low valleys and little sheltered nooks, you trace villages and farm-houses of neat appearance, and every bend of the coast, every bit of low swampy ground is embanked, and recovered from the sea by long thick stone walls which are maintained with the utmost care. Behind these, the ground is laid out in rice fields, irrigated with much ingenuity; and there is a general appearance of well-being and industry which indicates a thriving and contented population.\n\n\"How different from the aspect of Hong Kong and the other islands to the southward!**\n\nIf Mr. Bernard had visited some of the beautiful and rich valleys of the interior, he would have extended his truthful description of Chusan.\n\nD 2",
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    {
        "id": 224614,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "page_number": 520,
        "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "content_text": "-F\n\nON RESIGNATION,\n\n113 513\n\nwill not deem my conduct deserving of censure, and that they will find I have fulfilled the trust reposed in me.\n\nI beg to inclose copies of my correspondence on the subject.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\nR. M. MARTIN.\n\nNo. XV.—To James Stephen, Esq., Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nSir,\n\nH. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, July 8, 1845.\n\nI HAVE the honour to transmit herewith a copy of a letter and its inclosures, which I have this day addressed to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, through Governor Davis.\n\nI respectfully solicit that his Lordship will suspend decision respecting my conditional resignation of the office of Treasurer here, until I reach England, to which I am proceeding, viâ Egypt, by the fastest sailing vessel in China (the \"Lanrick\"), in the hope of reaching Bombay in time for the overland steamer of 27th August.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nR. M. MARTIN.\n\n96\n\nBRITISH POSITION\n\nbe worthy the achievement of Britain, and that even failure in the attempt be no disgrace, but the reverse, then ought we to proceed very differently from the course which has hitherto been adopted: nay, more, a perseverance in our present course can bring with it no advantages; it will not even obtain security for our tea trade, although the Chinese are more interested in preserving that branch of commerce than the English are; and when war and anarchy have overspread and desolated China, we shall find, when too late, that we have lost even that for which we had forfeited every individual and national good.\n\nIt is yet time to retrieve some of the errors of the past. Ere Chusan be evacuated in January next, we have the means in our power of arranging those measures which wisdom, mercy to China, and sound policy to ourselves would dictate.\n\nSome of these measures have been briefly shadowed forth in the previous pages, and if required, be more amply developed.\n\nHappy will the writer feel, if in the fulfilment of his duty to his sovereign he has been permitted to aid in awakening Britain to a true sense of her position in China, to a consciousness of what is due to herself, and at the same time beneficial to others; and to a strenuous effort for maintaining a national supremacy in the East as well as in the West, which is essentially conducive to the welfare of all mankind.\n\nR. M. MARTIN.\n\nHong Kong, April 19, 1845.\n\nInclosure 1 in No. XV.\n\nTo his Excellency John Francis Davis, Esq., Governor of Hong Kong.\n\nSir,\n\nH. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, July 8, 1845.\n\nI HAVE the honour to solicit that your Excellency will be pleased to transmit the accompanying letter and its inclosures to the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for the Colonies, at your earliest convenience.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\nR. M. MARTIN.\n\nInclosure 2 in No. XV.\n\nTo the Right Hon. Lord Stanley, Her Majesty's Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nMy Lord,\n\nH. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, July 8, 1845.\n\nI HAVE the honour to solicit your Lordship's perusal of the inclosed correspondence with Governor Davis, and a consideration of the following statement.\n\nI\n\nNo. VIII.—To C. E. Trevelyan, Esq., Secretary to the Rt. Hon. the Lords Commissioners of H. M.'s Treasury.\n\nSir,\n\nH. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, April 25, 1845.\n\nI HAVE the honour to transmit herewith, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, a copy of a \"Minute on the British Position and Prospects in China,\" which I laid before Governor Davis on the 19th instant, and which has been transmitted to the Earl of Aberdeen.\n\nThe British expenditure on the coast of China will doubtless be materially influenced by a just exposition of our present position and future prospects; and in this point of view, I trust my labours may not be deemed unacceptable to their Lordships.\n\nI may conscientiously add, that in writing this minute, but one object pervaded my mind, the welfare of my country, and the extension of her power and influence, on Christian principles, for the advantage of China.",
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    {
        "id": 226862,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-024 - Bonham - 1848 [3-6]",
        "page_number": 277,
        "title": "CO129-024 - Bonham - 1848 [3-6]",
        "content_text": "275\n\nFrom this statement it appears that \"the Estimate for this Church was framed by Mr. Gordon, the late Surveyor General, but the \" prices for most of the items therein were fixed \" much too low ; however the plan was approved of \" by \"Sir John Davis,\" and under his authority the Contracts, under which the work has hitherto been carried on, were made before the Trustees were appointed.\n\nMr. Cleverly from indefatigable perseverance and careful attention to the minutiae of the work, has succeeded in pushing the edifice to its present advanced state, with the Funds already furnished, and now nearly exhausted;\n\nAnd in order to provide for the above deficiency, viz. £1041. 17.4, we have only the alternative to apply to H. M. Government for 1/3rd. of the amount, leaving 2/3rds of the amount to be raised by subscription, and to be paid into the Colonial Treasury, as was done in the first instance.\n\nWe feel that in the present advanced state of the building, and with the view of consulting economy, as the scaffolding is erected, we should be wanting in our duty were we not to make this appeal to H. M. Government, and at the same time to request His Excellency to recommend it to their early and favorable consideration. Fortunately the amount is not large, which encourages hope that the desired aid will be granted.\n\nWe have, &c.\n\nHongkong, 23rd May, 1848.\n\nSigned\n\nTrue Copy.\n\nVincent Stanton, Colonial Chaplain and Chairman.\n\nA. R. Johnston\n\nGeorge Phillpotts, G. Col. Cary Albany\n\nWJ Mercer.\n\nChas. St Ges. Cleverly\n\nWilkinson Dent\n\nThe. D. Neave.\n\nMain(e) Colonial Secretary.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-024 - Bonham - 1848 [3-6].txt",
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    {
        "id": 228575,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-028 - Bonham - 1849 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 303,
        "title": "CO129-028 - Bonham - 1849 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "207\n\nHONG KONG.\n\n14\n\nREPORTS EXHIBITING THE PAST AND PRESENT\n\nmarried females reside here. In this respect there has been very little improvement during the last year.\n\nThe importation of sugar from Tae-ping and other places was, during last year, very considerable. The growers were able to sell it here cheaper, on account of not paying export duties, than it was procurable at Canton, and hence many sales. This branch of commerce will mainly depend upon the prices for which it can be brought to Hong Kong, and the amount it will fetch at home. Should the crops of this season be as abundant as last year there can be no doubt but the importation in 1849 will be larger. With a richer kind of cane, which is here very thin and juiceless, and good machinery, the Chinese might compete with slave sugar, for work is very cheap, and an acre planted with sugar-cane yields, even at reduced prices, more profit than a rice-field. There is, however, a great demand for this commodity in the northern provinces, so that the prices can never go below a certain level. The Government are rather opposed to the extension of the culture, lest paddy—the staff of life, and vegetables might be grown in smaller quantities. The foreign exportations constitute up to this time not one hundredth part of the home consumption, and have not yet materially affected the market.\n\nNeither camphor, rhubarb, nor teas have any more been brought by junks to this market; all those who speculated in these articles have lost, and this is the reason for their abstaining from any further attempts. It was owing to the small demand that the first could not find ready purchasers; the second offered for sale by the junks was of an inferior quality, and next to useless in the English market; the last shipped to Hong Kong was not selected according to the demand, and realized therefore next to nothing. Another difficulty was, that the men who made this trial had no capital, and could sell for ready-money only. If direct communications be established with Fuch-choo, and a judicious choice made of the teas most in demand, the junks no doubt might sell the black kinds to greater advantage here than any tea-man could do at Canton who has to transport his goods through a long and expensive inland passage.\n\nEfforts have been made to induce the Fokeen junks to bring coals from Ke-lung on the north-coast of Formosa. Some small investments have been brought here; not yet, however, to give rise to hopes that all our supplies would henceforth be imported from thence. The Chinese Government does not prevent the exportation; but the labour to bring them on board in the absence of all machinery, and even a common cart, is very great. Still it is very likely that the ingenious and plodding Chinese may get over these difficulties, and import them here during the north-east monsoon as ballast.\n\nAlum finds generally a ready sale at this port, because it can be obtained cheaper here than at Canton, where it has to pay an import and export duty. It is brought here in Fokëen Chaougan junks, which fetch it from an island on the coast of Keangsoo, where it is found in immense quantities; some comes likewise from Che-keang. The junks buy it on the spot at an average rate of half a dollar per picul; and if they can dispose of it here at one and a quarter dollar they make a fair profit; at one dollar it does only cover the freight and labour. Several cargoes have been imported and sold at remunerating prices.\n\nSalt has been imported in greater quantities than at any of the preceding years, the whole amounting, according to the returns of the salt-weigher, which are always less than the actual quantity, to 297,050 piculs in 524 junks. The largest quantity imported in a single month was 41,150 piculs, the smallest 13,000: the junks have varied from 31 to 52 per month. By far the most extensive importers are the Pwan-yu boats. The demand for this article is likely to increase, on account of the large fisheries in the neighbouring seas, which become every year more numerous, and the great difference between the prices here and in the interior. The Fokeen junks have already commenced to become the importers; and though they were in the first instance beaten out of the market by very low prices, they have again ventured to compete with the salt manufacturers in the neighbourhood.\n\nA greater number of marine junks visited this year the port than at any previous period. A few of them sold sundry articles imported from the north for Chinese consumption, whilst others bought opium and calicoes, the staple articles of exportation, with ready money. This trade has of late most materially increased; yet the transactions are secret, and to obtain the true returns is impossible. Few vessels, however, anchor here without buying something; and as there were about 80 junks on an average per month, the sum total of this money laid out cannot be inconsiderable.\n\nThe only produce of our island, granite slabs, freighted 777 large boats. Insignificant as this commodity may appear, it nevertheless gives employ to more than 1000 people, whose perseverance and hard labour are exemplary.\n\nThe fisheries have been extended, and it is much to be regretted that the particulars cannot be given, no account being kept. The owners of the smacks, on account of not being here exposed to the extortions of mandarins, prefer Stanley and Aberdeen to native harbours; and their agents, who supply them with rice and other necessaries, find it more advantageous to live under the British flag than take upon themselves the responsibility their own Government imposes upon them, and the consequent liability of paying heavy fines, if the fishing-craft they have secured commit outrages. The exportation of salt-fish to the interior from the above two places has been very large as it is an article of food of which the poorest partake, there is a constant demand.\n\nDuring this year not one single instance occurred, to my recollection, of the Chinese Government interfering with vessels that came to the port. Instead of insisting upon carrying into effect the Supplementary Treaty, in regard to the junks that come here, no notice whatsoever is taken of them.\n\nSTATE OF HER MAJESTY'S COLONIAL POSSESSIONS,\n\n15\n\nWhile our hopes in regard to the future trade of native vessels at Hong Kong cannot be very sanguine, we need not despair, for there exists a progressive improvement; and could a stop be put to piracy, the junks would bring more valuable cargoes than they have hitherto ventured to do.\n\n(Signed) CHARLES GUTZLAFF, Chinese Secretary.\n\nVictoria, 27th February, 1849.\n\n(True Copy.)\n\nSIR,\n\nW. CAINE, Colonial Secretary.\n\nEnclosure 5 in No.\n\nPolice Department, Victoria, March 7, 1849.\n\nI HAVE the honour to submit through you, for the information of his Excellency the Governor, returns for the year 1848, showing the number of persons apprehended by police, the results before magistrate, and making a comparison with the years 1846-47; also a return of the crimes and offences coming to the knowledge of the police, in which no persons were apprehended. The result of the first is very favourable, as it exhibits a total decrease, as compared with the year 1847, of 396 persons, or more than 20 per cent. The last return exhibits an increase of undetected crime; but this arises from the Chinese inhabitants communicating their losses more readily than previous years. Most of the offences are of a trifling description, as regards the value of property stolen. It is likewise necessary to notice that property is very insecurely protected from depredation, owing to the bad fastenings to windows and doors, and the style of building.\n\nOne of the greatest difficulties the police have to encounter arises from the reluctance the Chinese exhibit to prosecute or assist in obtaining evidence, also in not appearing as witnesses after cases are committed for trial. This necessarily causes many cases to be acquitted, or the prosecution abandoned, and the prisoners return to their old haunts and habits.\n\nI beg to add that the present police force is, in my opinion, sufficient for, and adapted to, its general duties and objects; and that the state of crime, notwithstanding the difficulties to encounter, exhibits its efficiency.\n\nThe returns furnished by me do not correspond with a return from the chief magistrate, in consequence of the latter including all cases of summonses for assault, nuisances, &c., in which the parties were not in custody of police.\n\nThe Hon. Major Caine,\n\nColonial Secretary.\n\n(True Copy.)\n\nW. CAINE, Colonial Secretary.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\n(Signed) C. MAY, Superintendent of Police.\n\nHONG KONG POLICE.\n\nCOMPARATIVE RETURN of the Total Number of PERSONS apprehended in the years 1846, 1847, 1848,\n\nResult before Magistrate.\n\n  \n    Year\n    Total Apprehended\n    Discharged\n    Summarily Convicted\n    Committed for Trial\n    Tried and Convicted\n    Tried and Acquitted\n    Result of Committals for Trial\n    Discharged by Proclamation, Charge being abandoned\n  \n  \n    1846\n    1,539\n    229\n    1,149\n    161\n    69\n    57\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1847\n    1,852\n    440\n    1,081\n    331\n    167\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1848\n    1,456\n    491\n    798\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\n(Signed)\n\nCHARLES MAY,\n\nSuperintendent of Police.\n\n(True Copy)\n\nW. CAINE,\n\nColonial Secretary.\n\nHONG KONG.\n\nEncl. 5 in No. :",
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    {
        "id": 228617,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-028 - Bonham - 1849 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 345,
        "title": "CO129-028 - Bonham - 1849 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "45.\n\n9\n\n589\n\nhave been imported, and sold at remunerating prices.\n\nSalt has been imported in greater quantities than at any of the preceding years, amounting, according to the returns of the salt-weigher, which are always less than the actual quantity, to 297,050 piculs in 524 junks. The largest quantity imported in a single month was 41,150 piculs, the smallest 13,000; the junks have varied from 31 to 52 per month. By far the most extensive exporters are the Pwan yu boats. The demand for this article is likely to increase on account of the large fisheries in the neighbouring year. Peas, which become every year more numerous, and the great difference between the prices here and in the interior, have commenced to attract the Fokien junks. Though they were in the first instance beaten out of the market by very low prices, they have again ventured to compete with the salt manufactures in the neighbourhood.\n\nA greater number of the port junks visited this harbour in the past year than at any previous period. A few of them sold sundry articles imported from the north for Chinese consumption, whilst others bought opium and calicoes, the staple articles of exportation, with ready money. This trade has of late most materially increased, yet the transactions are secret, and to obtain the true returns is impossible. Few vessels, however, anchor here without buying something, and as there are about 80 junks averaging per month, the total sum of money laid out cannot be inconsiderable.\n\nThe only produce of our island, granite slabs, freighted 477 large boats. Insignificant as this commodity may appear, it nevertheless gives employ to more than 1000 people, whose perseverance and ...",
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    {
        "id": 229347,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-030 - Bonham - 1849 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 298,
        "title": "CO129-030 - Bonham - 1849 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "Khuc Than \n\nwas undertaken at my \n\nrecommendations and request, \n\nbut on \n\nCommand \n\nand before the \n\nHay's sole responsibility arrival of the Admiral at Hongkong-\n\nthe natural result of the \n\nthe second was \n\nfirst, and \n\nwas entered into in consequence) \n\nDer \n\nof information acquired during the execution of the first \n\nture \n\nService, \n\nbut to Commander Hay's \n\nrance in his searched \n\nemitting perseverance in \n\nfor the haunts of the Pirates, his accurate judgements, and gallantry, aided as he was by the able services of Commander Willcox, who has had great experience \n\nin the seas, and of \n\nof Mr. Niblett, must be entirely attributed the splendid success which has attended both expeditions. \n\nI trust I may not be deemed travelling beyond the limits of my particular functions, if I beg respectfully to express a hope that Your Lordship \n\nwill see fit to \n\nPage 5\n\n292 \n\nnotice of the Lords of the Admiralty; the \n\nservices \n\nof Commanders \n\nHay \n\nand Willcox \n\nin these operations; and to that of the Honorable the Court of Directors, the merits of Mr. Niblett, Commanding the H.C. C. Steamer Phlegethon. \n\nI think \n\nit may fairly be assumed \n\nthat for some time to come at least, the Pirates in the \n\nthe neighbouring \n\nseas will not \n\nprove very formidable, if two lessons, such as they have had within the last month, and which have resulted in the destruction of 88 of their junks, with loss of 2,400 killed and drowned, are productive of any good effects. \n\nIt is not the least satisfactory \n\npart of my duty to add that Commander Hay succeeded in obtaining the cooperation of the Governor General of Shainan in his operations against Shap'ng tsai's squadron. That functionary most-",
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    {
        "id": 229551,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-031 - Public Offices - 1849",
        "page_number": 51,
        "title": "CO129-031 - Public Offices - 1849",
        "content_text": "50\n\nAdmiral\n\nAgent\n\nForef...\n\nOffic...\n\narise from their being sent to the Mauritius, there to undergo their term of Sentinel,\n\nGrounded\n\nMixed were then really fit for labour, and could be usefully employed on the Public Roads of the Island - Should you have & opinion that any such arrangement could be carried into effect, you will also report what convicts might in your opinion on these grounds be employed.\n\nCopy\n\nTo\n\nHongkong. dated 10. 1849.\n\nWe, the Undersigned, Merchants of Hong Kong, do ourselves the honour of addressing you to express our cordial thanks for the prompt & decisive measures adopted for the extirpation of Pirates in these waters, & for the protection thereby afforded to British Commerce.\n\nWe would at the same time avail ourselves of this opportunity of expressing our admiration of the zeal and gallantry displayed by Capt. Hay of 4th Brigade Columbine » previous to G: Ellis's arrival, as well as of that of Capt. Willcox of 4th Steamer \"Fury\" despatched afterward by your orders & under your aid on the recent occasion when by skill & perseverance of those Officers a formidable fleet of 30 strongly armed piratical vessels and their dockyard at a great distance from this Colony were totally destroyed. We would be wanting to ourselves were we to fail to express our thanks for a service so important. We sincerely trust\n\nFor F. Collier",
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    {
        "id": 230907,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-034 - Sir Bonham - 1850 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 328,
        "title": "CO129-034 - Sir Bonham - 1850 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "he could have founded it\n\nI offer Your Excellency the\n\nfollowing reason\n\nwhy\n\nthe\n\nbe pealged.\n\nidea never\n\nCan'\n\nIt has always been the studious policy of the Americans in China to exhibit themselves to the Chinese Government and people as a perfectly independent and commanding nation—in no one end or interest connected with the British, but forming in themselves great Western Tower which centuries ago threw off our yoke in the open field. Your Excellency can hardly fail to be aware with what earnestness and perseverance these notions have been impressed upon the Chinese mind—upon every grade from the High Commissioner down to the patient of the American hospitals. You must have observed how studiously they hold themselves aloof from all possible connexion with us—their Minister resides at Macao—their ships of war resort to its waters as their proper roadstead;\n\nPage 322\n\ntheir people frequent it as a sort of league of their own in China—and nothing is left undone to impress this Government with the conviction that the Americans have no one interest in common with the British in China. It follows as a matter of course that they will never settle at Hongkong. They clove Canton for old associations sake—for the splendid fortunes there made by their citizens—and will studiously uphold it as the Centre of their trade in the south of China. Now I need not remind Your Excellency that the necessities of the trade are such, that where the Americans are, there we must be also; and that we cannot afford to give them one inch of vantage in the keen competition that exists between us. It is surprising how much of the English business has passed into their hands of late.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-034 - Sir Bonham - 1850 [9-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 231981,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-038 - Sir Bonham - 1851 [10-12] & Public Offices - 1851 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 180,
        "title": "CO129-038 - Sir Bonham - 1851 [10-12] & Public Offices - 1851 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "less than Bhurtpoor, and although terraced in the same way, the angle is much lower. In some parts of the farm the plants are doing well, but generally they seemed to be suffering from too much water and hard plucking. I have no doubt, however, of the success of this farm, when the system of cultivation is improved. I observed some most vigorous and healthy bushes in the Overseer's garden, a spot adjoining the plantation, which could not be irrigated, and was informed they \"never received any water, except that which fell from the skies.\"\n\nIn the Bheemtai district, there are large tracts of excellent tea-land. In crossing over the hills towards Nainee Tal, with J. H. Batten, Esq., Commissioner of Kumaon, I pointed out many tracts admirably adapted for tea-cultivation, and of no great value to the natives; generally, those lands on which the mundooa is cultivated are the most suitable.\n\nI have thus described all the Government plantations in Gurhwal and Kumaon. Dr. Jameson, the Superintendent, deserves the highest praise for the energy and perseverance with which he has conducted his operations. I shall now notice the plantations of the zemindars under the superintendence of the Commissioner and Assistant Commissioner of Kumaon and Gurhwal.\n\nZEMINDAREE TEA PLANTATIONS.\n\n1st, at Lohba. This place is situated in Eastern Gurhwal, about 50 miles to the westward of Almorah, and is at an elevation of 5000 feet above the level of the sea. It is one of the most beautiful spots in this part of the Himalayas. The surrounding mountains are high, and in some parts precipitous, while in others they are found consisting of gentle slopes and undulations. On these undulating slopes there is a great deal of excellent land suitable for tea-cultivation. A few tea-bushes have been growing vigorously for some years in the Commissioner's garden, and they are now fully ten feet in height. These plants having succeeded so well, naturally induced the authorities of the province to try this cultivation upon a more extensive scale. It appears that in 1844, about 4000 young plants were obtained from the Government plantations, and planted on a tract of excellent land, which the natives wished to abandon. Instead of allowing the people to throw up their land, they were promised it rent-free upon the condition that they attended to the cultivation of the tea, which had been planted on a small portion of the ground attached to the village.\n\nThis arrangement seems to have failed, either from want of knowledge, or from design, or perhaps partly from both of these causes.\n\nMore lately, a larger number of plants have been planted, but I regret to say with nearly the same results.\n\nBut results of this discouraging kind are what any one acquainted with the nature of the tea-plant, could have easily foretold, had the treatment intended to be given it been explained to him. Upon inquiry, I found the villagers had been managing the tea-lands just as they had been doing their rice-fields, that is, a regular system of irrigation was practised. As water was plentiful, a great number, indeed nearly all, the plants seem to have perished from this cause. The last planting alluded to had been done late in the spring, and just at the commencement of the dry weather, and to these plants little or no water seems to have been given. So that in fact it was going from one extreme to another equally bad, and the result was of course nearly the same.\n\nI have no hesitation in saying that the district in question is well adapted for the cultivation of tea. With judicious management, a most productive farm might be established here in four or five years. Land is plentiful, and of little value either to the natives or to the Government.\n\n2nd, at Kutoor.-This is the name of a large district, 30 or 40 miles northward from Almorah, in the centre of which the old town or village of Byznath stands. It is a fine undulating country, consisting of wide valleys, gentle slopes, and little hills, while the whole is intersected by numerous streams, and surrounded by high mountains. The soil of this extensive district is most fertile, and is capable of producing large crops of rice, on the low irrigable lands, and the dry grains and tea on the sides of the hills. From some cause, however, either the thinness of population, or the want of a remunerative crop, large tracts of this fertile district have been allowed to go out of cultivation. Everywhere I observed ruinous and jungle-covered terraces, which told of the more extended cultivation of former years.\n\nAmongst some hills near the upper portion of this district, two small tea plantations have been formed under the patronage and superintendence of Captain Ramsay, Senior Assistant Commissioner of Kumaon. Each of them covers three or four acres of land, and had been planted about a year before the time of my visit. In this short space of time, the plants had grown into nice strong bushes, and were in the highest state of health. I never saw, even in the most favourable districts in China, any plantations looking better than these.\n\nThe crops of this district, such as rice, mundooa, and other grains, are so plentiful and cheap, as scarcely to pay the carriage to the nearest market-town, much less to the plains. In Almorah, a maund of rice or mundooa sells for something less than a rupee; barley for eight annas; and wheat for a rupee.\n\n179\n\nPage 180\n\nPage 181",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-038 - Sir Bonham - 1851 [10-12] & Public Offices - 1851 [10-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 238161,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-054 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 339,
        "title": "CO129-054 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "I \n\nM: you will notice / 7802/1 \n\nM. Merivale omitted to express that the Governor conveyed the fusion here in when he sent home the (confidential) despatch last year.\n\nI don't perceive rather any advantage which be gained by referring deeply to the Board of Health receipt full a view to remind that Office of the unfulfilled promise to supply us in this connection.\n\n334 cleanings will be in progress which will ensure greater cleanliness at Victoria. Might not something be said to the Governor on the subject of the alleged insufficiency of the Police?\n\n2\n\n10 Feby. The English exigences of cleanliness are no doubt a subject of sore vexation not only to Chinese inhabitants but also to Chinese policemen, & it can only be by firmness & perseverance, without any sudden & sweeping revolution, that such change for the better can be effected. It must depend on the Governor.\n\nI see how Sir C. could have driven him. It is here that he did not notice the overstatements (as he considered them) in the Colonial Surgeon's report: but this was only made with reference to the information for \"The Blue Book\", & therefore did not probably attract the Governor's attention as it ought to. I should & required only to send formal instructions to him by the next despatch. Sir C. Bull has considered this subject & may perhaps like to see the paper.\n\nMr. Labouchere I agree generally with Mr. Merivale as to the reply, as to what can be done in the Colony - but I would remind the Board of Health of their promised assistance in collecting Sanitary reports - because\n\n \n...\n\n \nPage 2\n\n \n(No text given for the rest of Page 2)\n\n \n...\n\n \nPage 3\n\n \n(No text given)\n\n \n...\n\n \nPage 4 (partial)\n\n \n(No more text is given)\n\n \nPage ...\n\n \nbecomes \n\nI \n\nM: you will notice /7802/1 \n\nM. Merivale omitted to express that the Governor conveyed the fusion here in when he sent home the (confidential) despatch last year.\n\nI don't perceive rather any advantage which be gained by referring deeply to the Board of Health receipt full a view to remind that Office of the unfulfilled promise to supply us in this connection.\n\n334 cleanings will be in progress which will ensure greater cleanliness at Victoria. Might not something be said to the Governor on the subject of the alleged insufficiency of the Police?\n\n10 Feby. The English exigences of cleanliness are no doubt a subject of sore vexation not only to Chinese inhabitants and to Chinese policemen, & it can only be by firmness & perseverance, without any sudden & sweeping revolution, that such change for the better can be effected. It must depend on the Governor.\n\nI see how Sir C. could have driven him. It is here that he did not notice the overstatements (as he considered them) in the Colonial Surgeon's report: but this was only made with reference to the information for \"The Blue Book\", & therefore did not probably attract the Governor's attention as it ought to. I should & required only to send formal instructions to him by the next despatch. Sir C. Bull has considered this subject & may perhaps like to see the paper.\n\nMr. Labouchere I agree generally with Mr. Merivale as to the reply, as to what can be done in the Colony - but I would remind the Board of Health of their promised assistance in collecting Sanitary reports - because\n\nPage 2\n\nPage 2\n\nPage 2\n\nPage 3\n\nPage 3\n\nPage 3\n\nThe final output is \nI \n\nM: you will notice /7802/1 \n\nM. Merivale omitted to express that the Governor conveyed the fusion here in when he sent home the (confidential) despatch last year.\n\nI don't perceive rather any advantage which be gained by referring deeply to the Board of Health receipt full a view to remind that Office of the unfulfilled promise to supply us in this connection.\n\n334 cleanings will be in progress which will ensure greater cleanliness at Victoria. Might not something be said to the Governor on the subject of the alleged insufficiency of the Police?\n\n10 Feby. The English exigences of cleanliness are no doubt a subject of sore vexation not only to Chinese inhabitants and to Chinese policemen, & it can only be by firmness & perseverance, without any sudden & sweeping revolution, that such change for the better can be effected. It must depend on the Governor.\n\nI see how Sir C. could have driven him. It is here that he did not notice the overstatements (as he considered them) in the Colonial Surgeon's report: but this was only made with reference to the information for \"The Blue Book\", & therefore did not probably attract the Governor's attention as it ought to. I should & required only to send formal instructions to him by the next despatch. Sir C. Bull has considered this subject & may perhaps like to see the paper.\n\nMr. Labouchere I agree generally with Mr. Merivale as to the reply, as to what can be done in the Colony - but I would remind the Board of Health of their promised assistance in collecting Sanitary reports - because\n\nPage 2\n\nPage 2\n\nPage 2\n\nPage 3\n\nPage 3\n\nPage 3",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-054 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [1-2].txt",
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    {
        "id": 239913,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-059 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 130,
        "title": "CO129-059 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "These objections in the cause of the Mexican dollar; are that, it is of irregular weight and fineness easy of imitation by counterfeiters; but mainly that the common people do not know, and are reluctant to learn its inscriptions.\n\nIt is possible that the latter of these obstacles might be overcome, as has happened at Canton. But the effect would entail an amount of laborious perseverance, patient endurance and positive sacrifice, which it seems tasteful to expend upon a coin having so great merit in itself, and the supply and quality of which are so liable to suffer from the instability of the Government issuing it.\n\nThird. The adoption of the Rupee. This has not been fairly tried here. But the imperfect success of the Rupee in the Straits, where prejudice against it is naturally less than in China, is suggestive of its fate in this country. Its chief defect, however, is that its subdivisions are not decimal; and the Chinese, bred for ages to the use of the decimal.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-059 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [11-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 241297,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-062 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 322,
        "title": "CO129-062 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "20\n\nNo. 5 FEBRUARY 3, 1857.\n\nMERCHANT VESSELS.—Continued.\n\nThe Hongkong Register.\n\nSHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.\n\nARRIVED,\n\nMERCHANT VESSELS—Continued.\n\nDate of Tave\n\nCORSION BA\n\nSame\n\nArrival\n\n27 Frick\n\nHongkong Jan. 28\n\nSneon Draper\n\nAm. ship\n\n200\n\nAshly\n\n26 Luni\n\n81. Zephyr\n\n31 May\n\nSiilelena\n\nJan. 29\n\nTuss\n\nBrit. ship\n\n24 Middleton\n\nShanglice\n\nJan. 25\n\nBellast Da.\n\nBrit. ship\n\nSimons\n\n81 Sir Jus. Brooke\n\nBrit. ship\n\n8795k: amer\n\nFeb. 1 Carondon\n\n1 Bansive\n\nBrit. xh.\n\n#50 MoGregor\n\nSingapore Dec. 37\n\nGeneral\n\nSingapore\n\nSun. 21\n\nTroops\n\nSanghus\n\nJan. 27\n\nBala River\n\nMina.\n\n207 Bambay,&Jur.\n\nOman\n\n1 Jacob Cornelia\n\nDut, ship\n\n492 Rosenboom\n\nBombay\n\nH31S. Porkowess\n\nCanton\n\nSAILED.\n\n1 Chempion\n\n3+\n\n2 Harraventa\n\nBril. b.\n\n445 Thurs\n\nBrit. at.\n\n1000 Aba\n\nAm. h.\n\n500 Gray\n\nFHA\n\nDAIS\n\nNAXE\n\n| FLLO &\n\nKiu\n\nBonghong Jan. 26\n\nThobe Danbar\n\nBrit. al.\n\n70 Tucker\n\nA Separa\n\n#\n\nFitohormal Ca\n\nP. & D. S. N. Co\n\nOrder\n\nSoler and Co\n\n225yal, Suli and Co\n\n688 Fieber und On\n\nApril 21\n\n120 Tarner sad Co\n\nOrlen\n\nMarinera Hope, Lrg\n\nAu Nile, brig\n\nShanghae\n\nAmericaa\n\nSegnoant, ship\n\nB. R. Milaro, ship\n\nDurrington, ship\n\nChanning, ship'\n\nCompetitor, ship\n\nNorwester, sisip\n\nArrival\n\nDate Tur\n\nCOXSTOMER\n\n535 King and Ca\n\n090Isaac M. Bolf & Co\n\nNov. 125Moner!, O. & Co\n\niBee. 1174jRussell and Co\n\nDuc.\n\n1500. Huar nd Co\n\n740Campton. II. & Co\n\nBall, Nye and Co\n\nDec 10 128 Heard and Co\n\nCormances of Seas ship\n\nDeo. 24782 wall and Co\n\n118 Order 289Dent, Deals and Co\n\nDurch\n\nAlbrecht Beiling, q.\n\nNov. G. C. D. You\n\nTwist, b\n\n700 Schafer and Co\n\n464 Selacier and do\n\n4788chiler and Co\n\n244. D. Sys and Ga|\n\nSmidlow, ship\n\nWhite Swallow, skip\n\nDanish\n\nDanmark, barque\n\nGloriosa, brig\n\nOuto, barga\n\nVirgine. brig\n\nSept. 182 Cracapton, IL & Co\n\nSept. 1012001. Kinard and o\n\n270 W. Pasta and Co\n\n10. uste abi Qə\n\n230iems and Co\n\n21Johe Burd and s\n\nSALO\n\nFLAU&\n\nAr\n\nDATE\n\nNAME\n\nTURB CAPTAIN FRCM\n\nSURO CARGO\n\nCONSTUNTES\n\nAmoy Brininte\n\nFuhelusu\n\nJan. 24 Teze\n\nrit. g. 20 Jonca\n\nJun. Gener\n\nBrit. 283 Thanpean\n\nSinggu\n\nBrit, ul. 148 Dring !Swaluw\n\nJan. 26kenyal\n\nA. Hoard and Ca\n\nComajou mad Clu\n\nBankno.M. sad Ca\n\nDent and Co\n\nJolie, M. and Co\n\nHardin, 51. and Craner brig\n\nBila, barque\n\nEllen Oliver, barjue\n\nEtama, schooner\n\nEraignent, bowma\n\nNov. Jardine, M.and Candily\n\nAanina, eh.\n\nForerunner, lawonor\n\nOne.\n\nHine Gem, brig\n\nJly\n\nNov.\n\n¡Feb.\n\nJan.\n\nDay.\n\n49Rusell and Co\n\nNor.\n\nJuly 2685 King and Co\n\n165. Fardon & Co\n\nNov, 18180 King acul Co-\n\n140 aprak\n\nEagle, shin\n\n251 Dont, and Co\n\nBuggle Wing, ship\n\n595 Under\n\nGoblen Wert, sip\n\n38u0nder\n\nHenry Harlock, ship\n\nNov. 1\n\n204Aater and Ch\n\nMails, &c.\n\nJau. 17 General\n\nNov. 3 General\n\nHoratio, ship\n\nNov. 18\n\nNymph, Larque\n\nlec.\n\nPet, arque\n\nAng.\n\n400 filmy and Co\n\n375'Urder\n\nMatilda, ship\n\nAri.\n\n680 Russell and Co\n\nclita, schooner\n\nJan.\n\n140 Russell and Co\n\nRoyal Lily, barque\n\nApril 28\n\n434, Russell and Co\n\nNeptune's Favorite, sh.jdet.\n\n134. Heard and Co\n\nSisters, brig\n\nHone\n\n158 is an! Ca\n\nUnele Tom, schooner\n\nept.\n\n1801ail, Still and\n\nWood Lark,brig\n\nPA 15\n\nOriaz\n\nCAPESIN\n\nFGa\n\nCANDO\n\nCorrenbes\n\nI'vrluyLave\n\nArora, buoner\n\nMay\n\nPapushon, steuer\n\nJune\n\nLive. 326 and Co\n\n26 Aroat\n\n.bk. 27oct Lam a ale\n\nSingapore iShangrae\n\nHathwa Sundries\n\n27 Remi\n\nBr, str. 229)and\n\nShanghac\n\nSundries\n\nBria ok. 3748{lva\n\n29 Recapont\n\nBrit. str. 336 Crockett\n\nSingapore Sundrice\n\nShanghas\n\nSundries Jardine, M. and Co\n\nSandrian Wm. Pustau and Co\n\nKing end\n\nos n Cz der Sandries Jarine, M, sud Co\n\nAmerican\n\nJan. 14 266 Siemen and Co\n\nCarlow, schooner\n\nSupt\n\nFlorida, big\n\nΚαν.\n\nHado, abip\n\nแบบ\n\n$49 Queboil and Co\n\nUse Lyal. Still and Co\n\n597W.M.Bobinet & fo\n\nSev Jan.\n\n250 Uverweg ad Co\n\n133 W. Pustau and Co\n\nHamburg\n\nFapocanz buraz\n\nau\n\nAdmiral Laman, ship\n\nDes\n\nJaunius), pokaduer\n\nies.\n\n+\n\n20 Lahura\n\nBeit, str. 400jBrowes\n\nIserl, rig\n\nAky.\n\n24 Alapco\n\nBrit, bit. 677 Mason\n\nLindsay and Co\n\nLima, barque\n\nNov.\n\nBonabag, 20. Muila, fc\n\nSleeglina Sundrier\n\nShanghon Sundries\n\nMERCHANT VESSELS.--Continued.\n\njatin Long, barco\n\nJune\n\nMary Ralp\n\nThe\n\n404 Biousson and Co\n\nW. Pastan and s\n\nWm. Pusta al Co\n\nFustina, burqve\n\nAng.\n\n337 in Salt\n\nMercarius, arque\n\n1808chur and O\n\nthiader, atque\n\nSenator, b\n\n250W. Put and Tə\n\nPlclades,\n\nJuly\n\nPrussian\n\nAinarika, brig\n\nOcc.\n\n21 Tutmeet and Co\n\nVernel, hig\n\nDea.\n\n21€ Dreyer and Ca\n\nSiamese\n\nDec.\n\n225|Steraan and Co\n\nSCIPS\n\nFhanbury\n\nBouits, brig\n\nNov.\n\n311 John B\n\nBangkok Mark, ship\n\nGodisler, Jarque\n\nAng\n\nEBS Order\n\naly\n\nKing and Co\n\nand Co\n\nSue ship\n\nfang, 9 Stoking sna Co\n\nLaco.\n\n200, Dreyer al Ba\n\nApril\n\n176 Urder\n\nAng. 10385 Kasseli and Co\n\n118 Jardins, and to\n\nNor.\n\nClarita, brig\n\nCora, ship\n\nAvg.\n\nDea.\n\n400 Order\n\nSiamese\n\nSea Hone, que\n\nSian, barque\n\nAug.\n\n430 Order\n\nJuly\n\n32: Order\n\nSpanis\n\n29.\n\nJan. 2 198 W31. Robinet & Co\n\nBan Lorenze, brig\n\nSeraphina, ship\n\nNov.\n\nJuly 11\n\n220 F. D. Syme and Co\n\n16F. D. Syme and C\n\nTESSEL\n\nAT\n\nFLAG\n\nFubchan British\n\nAcarn\n\nBictor\n\nHhong Scop\n\nAgnes Garland, atque\n\nNor Mady, sing\n\n255,0. L, and Co\n\nCalcutta\n\nAng.\n\n1500. Nathaluoy & Cu\n\nkong Flag Ship\n\n84\n\nMelanie, barqu\n\njau.\n\n18. Heard and\n\nCams\n\n14: Jenkins\n\nNov.\n\n510)Dem and Ca\n\nPantaloon, brig\n\nNev.\n\nSoCamajos and Co\n\nfixcogier\n\nPowai, si\n\nfact.\n\n687ade, M. and Ca\n\n| Mercales\n\nDet. 24] 628A. Heard and Co\n\nH&ret\n\nAng. 20 Gas Gito, L. and Co\n\nMiss\n\nSe Dec.\n\n550 Rassell and Co\n\n31 Bollu\n\n2 Virginie\n\n20 Boulay\n\nB: pr. 600 Curling Bets. bg\n\n107 Makissiek ian.\n\n168 Appon\n\nSHIPPING IN CHINA.\n\nMERCHANT VESSELS.\n\nLondoR Smudries Lindsay and Co\n\nTORT Sundries\n\nP. &Ì & N. Co\n\nSmies\n\nAt Hongkong\n\n• British\n\nDate ut! anini\n\nTONS! CONSIUNEES\n\nAlfred the Great, ship\n\nCot. 24 312 Fames Steplanon\n\nAlligator, brig\n\nAulandsle, ship\n\nAeasy, ship\n\nAustralia, ship\n\nAvaca, bargur\n\nJaner, schooner\n\nBanekae, haque\n\nBreshera, Utg\n\nCaldera, ship\n\nCadiz, wamer\n\nCity of Carlisle, ship\n\nClarendon, ship\n\nDeva, ship\n\nPaglub, steamer\n\nBarl Grey, hangne\n\nEena, brig\n\nErin, steamer\n\nEurquie, stip\n\nExcellent, brig\n\nFalco, ship\n\nFous, ship\n\nGlencoe, sp\n\nGood Success, thiş\n\nHoro, abip\n\nJubu Matible, ship\n\nKensington, ship\n\nLady Hayes, barque\n\nLanrick, brig\n\nLord Bagian, ship\n\nLouis, Barque\n\nMaryhull, schooner\n\nMaria Hay, hip\n\nNeure brig\n\nNimrod, ship\n\nPanhua, brig\n\nPerseverance, barque\n\nPrincos Royal, ship\n\nPady Daveon. thip\n\nBamarang, barque\n\nJan. 17 187Gibb, L, and Cu\n\nDec. 7yall, Sail and Co\n\nJan. 1673 Fletcher aud Co\n\nSept. 560 John Bard and Ca\n\nSept. 30 SuRusch and Co\n\nJa, 155ohn Burd and Co\n\nFeb. 14Jardine, M. and Co\n\nDec. 16 2400-der\n\nJan. 820;Under\n\nFeb. 1006P. & O. S. N. C\n\nJau. 15 936 Jardins, M. and Co\n\nFeb. 850 Jardine, M. and Co\n\nJan, 181039 Ruseli and Co\n\nDos. 8 165lemsson and Co\n\nDec. 17 67 Jardine, M.\n\nJan. 26 207 Vaunaice and Co\n\nJua. 850. & G. S. N. C\n\nDec 28 728 Order\n\nNov. 3835 Lyull, Still and Cu\n\nSept. 26 430 Jardine, M. & Co\n\nJun. 14 400Order\n\nJau 1784 N. Murray and Co\n\nNay. 5 500Jardine, M. & Co\n\nJan. 1| 401| Lindsay and Cə\n\nJou 2 500 Turner and Co\n\nJan. 1a 800Order\n\nGet. 18 318iten. Duddell\n\nJan. 27 282 Jardine, M. and Co\n\nDec. 17581anline, M. & Co\n\nJan. 11 374Dent and Co\n\nlocs, si 19els. E. Burrows\n\nJan. 31 924 Jardin, M. and Co\n\nDec. 1l 200Order\n\nJan 23 33 Dent and Co\n\nddell\n\n0 14 148o.\n\nHongkong Hamburg\n\nAar, ship\n\nAlbis, schoonet\n\nMewor, saip\n\nPerucian\n\nAmireas, brig\n\nAnbitvet, ship\n\nCarmon, barque\n\nCallao, barqué\n\nSantiago, barque\n\nUgarte y Sauiing,\n\nSiamese\n\nNoortol, barque\n\nSan Juan, barque\n\nSiamese Crowa, chip\n\nSintoy, schooner\n\nSpanish\n\nPetua, schooner\n\nBremen\n\nC. Melchers, barque\n\nSoloo, barque\n\nChitian\n\nAlianza, Lurquo\n\nGreyhound. Phip\n\nSaray, enhuoner\n\nNew Granndian\n\n| Anuic. barque\n\nMacao\n\nBritian\n\nRoehampton, ship\n\n1 Date of Town\n\nArrival\n\nDec. 31 W. Postan and Co\n\nNev, 16 aga John Burd and Co\n\nJan. 15 540, Sierunson and Co\n\nHalt and Co\n\nNov. 15 Nov. 12 540 W. M. Robinet& Co\n\nDec. 23 356 J. J. das Henesis\n\nJan. 23248 Wm l'ostau and Co\n\nDec. 193 J. J. des Becicios\n\nSept. 13, 200 Order\n\nNov. 39; 4500ndar\n\nDec. 15 800 Order\n\nAug. 28 250 Order\n\nChico, belg\n\nBuno Ayres, brig\n\nChristiau, brig\n\nFaust, schooner\n\nPavian\n\nRosalia, arque\n\nNov. 37 230 Lyall, Still and Co\n\nNow Era, ship\n\nJan. 24 47NR S. Waller\n\nQel 2 186: John Bard and Co\n\nQueensbury, kip\n\nJan. 23 210Order\n\nNov. 250W. Fustan and Co\n\nD. 22 325 W. Lubinet & Co\n\nJuly 13 907Edward and Balley\n\nPortuguese\n\nEnando Macaense, hire.\n\nMay 251 207 Jose d'Almeida\n\n394. J. das Beridos\n\nMaria Carlota, banque.Tan.\n\nSanyma, barque\n\nTona 21|| 170|§. J. dun Renadioe\n\nSept Tremely, barens\n\n375bindsay and Ca\n\n670 Dont and Co\n\nFraich\n\nPort de Bordeaux, ship\n\nOct.\n\nAmerican\n\nHoher Sall, All\n\nAmerican\n\nAnnie Busiwam, by.\n\nFlyaway, skip\n\nKingsher, ship\n\nMandarin, shin\n\nHamburg\n\nAbardus, barque\n\n250W.M. Robinel & Co\n\n1375|W.M.Robinet & Co\n\n126da. Heard and Ce\n\nMay 10 200 Russell and Co\n\nAug. 318&farstine, M. and Co\n\n778A. Jies and Co\n\nRussell and Co\n\nوندی کی\n\n400 Siemsson and Co\n\nSprintma\n\nSanta Leda. Larque\n\nOldeanzung Schlosser, bargue\n\nSept. 3 77W. Pustan and C\n\n550 W. Pustau und Ca\n\nBRITISH SRIPS DE WAR IN CHINA.\n\nCanton Sloop Barratte\n\nHeng P. W. ST.\n\nCloromeda\n\nNankin\n\nNiger\n\nRacehorse\n\nSampeon!\n\nSybille\n\nCanton Sloop\n\nGanton P. W., Str.\n\nCanton Ser. Str.\n\nkong Hospital\n\nCanchor. Str.\n\nH.kong Store Ship\n\nLingue Pigate\n\nCanton Ser Str.\n\nglas Brigato\n\nBubcha Song\n\nAmey P. W. Str.\n\nHogue Priate\n\nט\n\nCOMMANDRA\n\n12 A. W. A. Hood\n\nT. A Furtescue\n\n12 Ticut, Beamish\n\nCapt. W. K. Hall\n\n& Douglas 1.W.DO'Callaghan\n\n12\n\nForny fl\n\nJH. T. ER, Master\n\n60 Hon. Keith Stowel\n\n13 Hon. A. A. Cochrane\n\n40 Sir S. W. E. Nicolson\n\n14 3. R. Barnard\n\n& G. & Fund\n\n40 Wire. Hon, C. Ellied\n\nBRITISH SHIPS OF WAR EXPECTED.\n\nCOMMANDERS\n\nW. T. Bate\n\nG. T. Colville\n\nCa BIGLAND\n\nGolden Racer, ship\n\ni\n\nSamuel Russol, ahip\n\nMay\n\nSarah II. Snow, by.\n\nにし、\n\n420 King and Co\n\nAng. ace! A.A. de Mello & Co\n\nVancouver, ship\n\nJuus\n\n$18 Kussell and Co\n\n$20John Bard and Co\n\n¡SAILED FROM\n\nWedentara, banque\n\nLouisiana, arque\n\nDutch\n\nApril22\n\nNingpo Britian\n\nCornacle, ship\n\n348,W.M. Rebisen&Car, shooner\n\nSolon, banque\n\nArtoon\n\n28 Prigate.\n\nNov.\n\nAerity\n\nH. Kajone\n\n4 Ser. Str.\n\nMar.\n\n632 Dent, Baale and On | Buscaṛd\n\nCWERAD\n\nGun Boat\n\nOct. 25\n\nOct. Oct.\n\n180 kindsay and Co\n\nCamilla\n\n13 Scop\n\nGOJE Bord and Co\n\nCesiser\n\nC. Fellowes\n\nElt\n\nBarcas, brig\n\nLort\n\nDroggrabank, ship\n\nDet.\n\n695 ebaeffer med Do\n\n257. Puslan and Co\n\nWilmingtou, ohuones\n\nFeb.\n\n$6 R and Co\n\nForester\n\nA. J. Lunes\n\nFury\n\nEverdina Elizabeth,bq.\n\nJan.\n\n600 Schaeffer and Co\n\nHaughty\n\nSt. Helena, bug\n\nDee.\n\n1896chauder and Co\n\nLightver\n\nJuflexible\n\nJan. 24 103 James Stephenson\n\nTouis, ship\n\n52:Order\n\nArg\n\n497 J. Bowmen and Co\n\nOposzan\n\nFrow Jolierna, bij.\n\nDet.\n\n530 Beneffer and Co\n\nNo. 28 1247 Darley, W, and 0%\n\nOsprey\n\nHenburg\n\nDec.\n\n914 Turner and Co.\n\nPlayer\n\nLaum & Louie, by\n\nRase, rig\n\nJau,\n\n248 Dryer and Co\n\nKaleigh\n\nJair 1\n\n1768. Burrowa\n\nNov. 28, 372 Lindsay and Co\n\nBandei\n\nJuly\n\nNar.\n\n7.8 Deb and Co\n\nStarling\n\nJA, J. Villers\n\nSept.\n\n175 Burner and Co\n\nJaas\n\n280 Joan Band and Go\n\nen\n\n100 Holiday, Wis: GÜC\n\n120 121\n\nSept. 15 286 Turner and Co\n\nDec 28 900 Dent and Co\n\nDec. 93 78) Onder\n\nDec. 26 560 Dent and Ca\n\nBir Jamar Broshe, str.\n\nJan 91 73 lecher and Co\n\nSpeedy, ship\n\nSpirit of the North, eh.\n\nNov, 11 67, L. and Co\n\nSollane, barque\n\nTruro, ship\n\nUnicoro, simmer\n\nVizzinie skip\n\nVivid, brig\n\nWegsoia, stip\n\nOct. 1 588ebatfer and C\n\nJan. 2469rder\n\nAug. 16 786 Taos. Hunt and Co\n\nJaur 18 830yal, Su, and Co\n\nNov. 143ardine, M. & Co\n\n¡Dee. 24 549 Illiday, Wise&Co\n\nWater Witch, harque\n\nJan. 15) 958). Laprak WP.. Nii\n\nWiki Wave, selvoner\n\nJan. 24. 200/Jardine, M. & Co\n\njosemary -\n\nZepliyi, chonne\n\nFrench\n\nEtaile, Ba\n\nInitia, barque\n\nMansur, Lip\n\nMount Riant, ship\n\nSaceos. ship\n\nJan. 3, 118 Dent and Co\n\nJa 21 389korder\n\nJan. 10j 545;Deas and Co\n\nDec. 26 617ent and Ca\n\n¡Nov. 2) 414jOrder\n\nWillemins, brig\n\n1'/\n\nGimeneze, ship\n\nمشهدال\n\n224 Schacter anti Co\n\net. 15 600 Order\n\nA MEDICAR\n\nShanghae\n\nBritish\n\nAlbert Bowd, ship\n\nAliquis, sp\n\nAlchymies, ship\n\nArrow ship\n\nAngrata, alip\n\nBailarat, li\n\nChallenger, Earque\n\nMara Nativaladept 28 010 M. Rolanes & Co\n\nChieftain, arc\n\nEast Coast\n\nArn, stomer\n\nVille de Dieppe, barqueFan. 2014)yali, St and Co\n\nproste, abip\n\nAmercom\n\nAutonita. schooner\n\nAntelope, steder\n\nBarham, arque\n\nCarben, schooner\n\nChampion, ship\n\nDee. 1134rder\n\nJan. 24 200 iussell and Co\n\nOct 28 248 W. Pustau and Co\n\nDen 26 200. Girly\n\nFeb.\n\n360 Order\n\nC. W. Bradley, Jr., bc, Oct. 9 218A. Heard and Co\n\nDom Quixoto, ekip\n\nDement, ship\n\nFaruka, ship\n\nFrancis P. age, ship\n\nGarland, schooter\n\nHolen Mar, barque\n\nJames Maishail, brig\n\nJ. Godfrey, barque\n\nHate Hooper, shig\n\n2438 King and Co\n\nBan. 18 4003. fleard and Co\n\nNov. 5100, Heard and Co\n\nNov. 12115Jardine, 1. & Co\n\nJan. 15 118s. E. Burrows\n\nDec. 26 saalonder\n\nAnek tan, argue\n\nPorly, ship\n\n16% Robers S. Walker\n\n115andine, M. and\n\nConfums Ship\n\nCrystal Palace, eng\n\nElisse, barqu\n\nBizabeth, brig\n\nFazil Curria, barque\n\nForrtev.sip\n\nCots, ship\n\n537 Curlewine and Co\n\n140Jardins, M. & C\n\nDe 12 25 Birley, W. and Ca\n\nJane 15, 566 per and Co\n\nJan.\n\n207 Viliam P. and Cu\n\n8spt, in 20 Jarding, B. and Co\n\nMay 30 802 Tait and Co\n\nJ.F.C.Hamilton 12 Sicop\n\nC. T. Tudītie\n\nEL V Tamilcar\n\nSer. Str. Sept. 25\n\nFout Sept. 25\n\nKiun Boat Sept. 25\n\nGF.A.Shadwel 21 Scr. St.\n\nST. Corbett\n\nP. W. Str. Oct. 23.\n\n2. A. Campbell Bat\n\n54. 3. m.ield. S.\n\nKeith Stewart. Go Bast\n\nHou. R.Keppel 50 Trigate\n\nNov. 'Willmau\n\nBoat Sep, 25 ina Boot Oct. 25\n\nFOREJON SHIPS OF WAR IN CHINA\n\ndid\n\nAT\n\nFisc.\n\nCOMMANDERS.\n\n805. 839W.1. Warley &Co\n\nCatinat\n\nSur Are\n\nVirginin\n\nLevent\n\nPortsmouth\n\nJau 16 BJ, Kouper\n\nAug.\n\nGuzole, schooner\n\nQuetonio, bargco\n\nGeralWindham, slap\n\nDo Guinare, ship\n\nHeltespant, 6tomer\n\nIndia, barque\n\nBeta Hip\n\nW.M. Rubinel&Ross\n\nKate Carnie, Ali\n\nKelso, ship\n\nLaviermuir, ekip\n\n11 382 Giinue, B. and Co\n\nGsa Lyall, Stink and Co\n\nJuny 2002 graves and Co\n\n336 Jardine, M, and Co\n\nJau Sept. 15 53 Den, Brule & Co\n\nI. 21 020, Birley, W. and Co\n\nDee. 27560 Galien Co\n\nJou. 75%y Lindsay and Co\n\nSept. 26 952 as, Bowman Co\n\nLuly A. Dort barque\n\nNov. 8 870s. Koney and Cul\n\nLady Mary Wood, str.\n\nLammermuir, ship\n\nLouisa Baltic, ship\n\nMary Wieuheit, sp\n\nDee. 563 P. & 4. S. N. OS\n\nJan Bourns and Co\n\nAng. 24, 494 Gilman, B and\n\n1205 Jarine, M. Co\n\n780 and Ca\n\nSan Jacinto\n\nlungkung. Su. Houghong Fr. Frig.\n\nDangkong U. S. SL\n\nShangbae 17. S. Sh.\n\nR.-A. Gner in 50 Capt. Plas 18 St\n\nJC Fote\n\n(bars, Amtree. A\n\n{ Capt. Beli\n\ntea\n\nHongkong U. S. Str.\n\nFort Brig\n\n20 Cam. Tayfres\n\n21 (0) Daterin\n\nMuiden\n\nSulpicc\n\ndc.\n\nAlaxants\n\nPorthorea Prameel\n\n8. Rer Sp. Bg.\n\nHangkong Peru. Str.\n\n4 Briar.g\n\n14 Doran\n\nRECEIVING SHIPS.\n\nBritish\n\nJeliz\n\nChin Chin, arque\n\n310,Camajeu and\n\nBanons, schooner\n\nJa\n\n121 Dens zod Co\n\nJan. 21 56sell and Cu\n\nGaver achooner\n\nApril\n\nHart, schooner\n\nFly\n\n4 Y. J. Marrow\n\nHelen, brig\n\nJan\n\n130 Turtar and Co\n\nJuns\n\nMalac, urque\n\nAng\n\n869 lewitz and Co\n\nBlaze pjs, schooner\n\nu.\n\nBear, arhooner\n\nJuly\n\nTriopho, schooner\n\n200 D. Laprik\n\nFrench\n\nAnais, ship\n\nNov.\n\n632 Lyait, Stilt and Co\n\nAmerican\n\nJac.\n\n304W.M.Robinet & Co\n\nJaly\n\n1068 A. Huurd neu Co\n\nProgressive Age, rig\n\nNov.\n\n296 A. card and Co\n\nKugleader, shi\n\nMay\n\n1:56 A, Koard and Co\n\nSadie Peaza, ship\n\nSep\n\n875 Bonac Cad Os\n\nWitch, barone\n\nCe\n\n| 4100rder\n\nJan.\n\n100 Scbacter and Co\n\nferiests Marie, gee..\n\n581 Sebaffer and Co\n\nJuly\n\nJane\n\n700, F-W. Lawresno\n\ntopur\n\niwan\n\nNov.\n\nJameson\n\nC. S. Lungrana\n\n►\n\nWicusy\n\nSailtea\n\n126 Siemsson anal Co\n\nGerard\n\nDent & Co.\n\nFune\n\n218 John Bund and Co\n\nJord Ambers Anany\n\nBrown\n\nDent & C\n\nJav.\n\n202 Turner and Co\n\nPatlirler\n\n14M\n\nJa\n\n025 W. Pieter and Co\n\nHarleggin\n\nClutches Fitgibbon\n\nAug.\n\n800 Út\n\nTera\n\nParti\n\nDent & Co.\n\nDec.\n\nBremen\n\nBertha, arque\n\nSept\n\n40W, Pastau anil Os\n\nsir E. Aberamby, sb.Man.\n\nya Tamer od Os\n\nMahanolic Tubeca worl\n\nWuter Witch\n\nFalix, barne\n\nClitian\n\nJaz,\n\nJame\n\nKod Lyal, ul auá Ca\n\nVenilia, ship\n\nThen\n\nGaming, M. and Co\n\nHinly\n\nDent & Co.\n\nAnn Woleh\n\nWeorang\n\naircott\n\nA\n\n1. Icare & Co.\n\nVudex, schooner\n\nMa\n\nFully Jane\n\nKing\n\nFulkste\n\nBaylis\n\n478say and Co\n\nNimrod\n\nCobb\n\ni. S. Sons & Co.\n\nSea Horaé\n\nKeppel\n\nP. F. Curas & Ca\n\nHenderson Lindsay Co\n\nMan. 10 13. E Barrows\n\nNev. 18 456Y. J. Murrow\n\nDec. 1488Js. Stephenson\n\nMary Whitidge, chip\n\nNov. 27 07 Russell and Co\n\nMeteor, ship\n\nMins, schooner\n\nMiu, steamer\n\nMosaur ship\n\nNorth Wind, ahip\n\nN. B. Palmer, ship\n\nJan. 20088ja. Heard and Co\n\nMar 300rder\n\nJan. 14; 130 Russell and Co\n\nJuno 28 50Thorens Hunt &Co\n\nOct, 21041as Purdon and Co\n\nDec. 1100 Rossc aud Co\n\nQueen of Be Res, ship! Dec. 170350 all and Co\n\nBachand\n\nRescate, ship\n\nSimon Dumper, kali.\n\nSpotaran, ship\n\nStar King,\n\np\n\nTuskina, ship\n\nYeang America, slip\n\nDutch\n\nAlmonde, Tarque\n\nAnna Justina, ahty\n\nAhna Elizabeth, iq.\n\nChristina, bargne\n\nAug. 25 5303. E. Burrows\n\nSupt. 251 SUGRasseti and Ca\n\nJan. 26 20. Heard and Co\n\nNov. 2u1 826Order\n\nDoa, 11176 Order\n\nSept. 342 Y. J. Murrow\n\n8pt 202000). Iesed and Co\n\nDat. 19 600w. Postau and Co\n\nJas. 13 550 Schaeffer a d Co\n\nJan. 161iemisen und Co\n\nNov. 26 648 Schander and Co\n\nGeneral de Stucs, by.\n\nJan. 2 79Order\n\nHollar Astrow, haupe\n\nSept. 79, Schacter and Co\n\nJaenh Cats, banque\n\nOct. 22 800Saborifer and Co\n\nJacoba Coracia, hq.\n\nKlazina, barque\n\nOosterling, legra\n\nFeb. 140Britaefer and Co\n\nJan. 17 Schactor and Co\n\nDec. 15 53 Var der Haven\n\nP. von Baren, barque\n\nFan, 14; 250W. Pastau and Co\n\nProvenz, barque\n\nBegins, barqa\n\nDazisk\n\nHercules, brig\n\nHelena, barque\n\nJan 18 19 Schaster and Co\n\nJan. 173 W. Fustan and Co\n\nMay 1 2siemsson and Co\n\nUan. 91 e Win.Plan and Co\n\nDutch\n\nDiana, submer\n\nPogosophyr, bq.\n\nVienesha, ship\n\nDanish\n\nBaldar, schooner\n\nLoots\n\ne, schooner\n\nHumbury\n\nElizabeth Ross, brig.\n\nDet\n\nLisa, barque\n\nMcibido, ig\n\nSiusness\n\nParagon, ship\n\nFrolic, actuoner\n\nSwatow British\n\nChina, ship\n\nFazel Carram, barque\n\nJune\n\nNama, schooner\n\nAug.\n\nAmoy\n\nBradish\n\nAbbotsford, barque\n\nAun Kay, rehvoner\n\nAs F. W. Lawrenceklo\n\n4. Puatau and Co\n\nW. Pustau anu Ca\n\n708|W.M.Robinet & Co\n\n!April\n\n80gOrder\n\n250 Order\n\n1, Lapraik\n\n! \n\nNov.\n\nApra\n\nAutoinette, barque\n\nSept.\n\n430E. D. Syme and Co 121 Tait and s\n\nBlack River Facket, be\n\nApril 19 25:Order\n\nConfucius, ship\n\nColdstream, ship\n\nCaluchow, ellip\n\nNov.\n\nDec.\n\nSept\n\n21Sebaftor and Co\n\n51allay, Wine &Ca!\n\nNapoleon II, sip\n\nNia, schooner\n\nNie, ship\n\nNightingale, ship\n\nPaculise, varque\n\nFabr.gra, barque\n\nPeba, banque\n\nPiuto, alcamer\n\nIve.\n\nNov.\n\n115 John Bard and Lo\n\nDee.\n\n70s fling. 1. und Lu\n\nDec. 16 Juzeline. M, and Ce\n\nVESSEL.\n\nAr\n\nCAPTALS.\n\nJuly 320, Wet more and to\n\nNov. 28 705 Captam\n\nJan 11 1890. C. Schmuva\n\nJune 41st, 3a and Co\n\nPrinces Koyal, chipet.\n\nPruth. sip\n\nRemi, stoster\n\nRutin, brig\n\nLal Still\n\nJan. 12 A8Limisty and Co\n\nJAS\n\nJail.\n\nSual Lucy, sequely 10\n\nSauel Stosur, bg.\n\nSept. 11 Salvetin ship\n\nSir James, bargue\n\nWhampoa, lurque\n\nWild Flower, slip\n\nFrench\n\nCanton, saip\n\n322 N. Dogs and Ca\n\nOWALKE\n\nHart Willia. Longkong MDerant ||F. & C. 8. N. Co.\n\nJofon Adria\n\nGama Family\n\nCooray\n\nJa Wa. Posh and Co\n\n45 Water and Co\n\n42rpent, Banky and Ce\n\n647 Lindsay awi Osi\n\n179 Dent and Co\n\nSept. 10 375mler\n\nDea.\n\nDec. 638 Dent and Co\n\nKopanál\n\nAnteyeca\n\nHongkong\n\nSwailow\n\nD. S. Sens & Cu\n\nP. H. Cha & Co.\n\nEusseit & Co.\n\nJuri, M. & Co.\n\nJardine, M. & Ca „Jardine, M. & Linke\n\nDem, Beale & Co.\n\nJarding, M. & Coi\n\nTERMS OF SUKSCRIPTION to the HONOKONG REGISTER and OVERLAND REGISTER AND PRICE CURRENT:-For One Year, 829, Six Mouths, $19. Three Manthe, $8. To the HONGKONG REGISTER-For One Year, $15; Six Montuz, $9; Three Months, $5. To the OVERLAND RE- GISTER AND PRIOD CURRENT slone-Por One Year, $8; all payable in advance, TERMS OF ADVERTISEMENT in the HONGKONG REGISTER —Advertisements, not exceeding i lines,\n\neach insociic. $1, each additional line 20 cearts; van halt of these charges for Repetitica AGENTS for the DONGKONG REGISTER S OVERLAND REGISTER AND PRICE CURRENT, -J. G. ANTIO, Paq, Lomion; Mesars. JARDIN, SKIN & Co., Calcutta; Marrs. Emisoras à. Co. Bourbag; W. S. Danska, Esq., Singapors; Mesary, TAXON, Researy & Co., Batavia; J. P. PE, Esq. San Francisco.\n\n76 Jawline, M. and Colltel, Printed, and Published by ROBERT STRACILAN, at the Hongkong Register Offer: Gage Street,\n\nVictoria, Hongkang. Tuesday, February 3, 1857.\n\n76,P. D. Syme and Ca\n\nThe Hongkong Register.\n\nVOL. XXX. No. 6.\n\nENTIMATIONS.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nVICTORIA, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1867.\n\nNOTICE OF FIRMS\n\nNOTICE\n\nTHERRAS the Firm of NYE BROTHERS & Co. MR. ALFRED JAMES HOW is a Partner in our\n\nWHERE the Futva the 11th day of March.\n\n1866, at the fine of the UvITAL STATES' CONSULATK in Canton, execute an Assignment of all their Property, real and personal, in frust for the benefit of their Ureditore, to the undersigned: We bestby giva potica to all voneer el to make payment to ma of all sums due to, and lo present to us any claims against the said Firm.\n\nRUSSELL & Co. JAMES FURDON & Co. Canton, 18th March, 1856.\n\nNOTICE.\n\n-\n\nPum.\n\nW. H. WARDLEY & Co. Hongkong, 1st December, 1856,\n\nNOTICE.\n\nTH\n\nHE undoraigned has this day established himself at\n\nMac, as 3 Berchant, and General Agent\n\nà. 1. §. na CASTRO,\n\nMac, 1st January, 1857,\n\nNOTICE\n\nInstant\n\nAssignment of the property, real and personal, of. A. A. Du MELIO JE, in authorized to sign the Firm of WETMORE & Co., of Chatou, Too- name of our Piru per procuration frost the chow, and Shanghuse, Chiux, having been duly made on the 12th July, 1856, to the undersigned, in trust for the\n\nA A, D MELLO & Co. beatit of their Creditors, and recorded in the United States Consulate at Canton, 1 horeby give Notice to all concerned to make payment to me of sii sume due to, kand\n\nclaims against, the said Firm. to prescut to m\n\nCantan, 7th August, 1856.\n\nOLIVER IL PERRY.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nBeamen's Hospital. Trustees. Jostra farming, faq., C. D. WILLIS, Esq. Hon. W. T. Mesca, Esq., R.S. WALLER, E Superintendent of the P. & O. Steam Navigation Coa pany. (ex oficio.j\n\nTrauren-d. Maantaa, Esq.\n\nBriuent burgeon-Renard G. JACK. Consulting Surgeon-W. A. HARLAND, M.]).\n\n*\n\nTERMS OF ADMISSION, Paltic Warda,****\n\n75 cents per day, fazermediate Wards...\n\ndollar .. 1 Private Recal\n\ndollars Pasicuts are also admitted on deposita, atthe following rates, renewable one day previous to the amountdeposited having been expended.\"\n\nPublic Wards, ..\n\nintermediate,..\n\nPrivate Rooms,\n\n$15\n\n$ 20 $30\n\nThe Captains or Consignces of Veale uetbe respon. sible for the express of Palents sent by them luke\n\nHas itzi.\n\nAll Hospital Billa to be receipted by the Treasurer vuly.\n\nNOTICE OF FIRMS\n\nNOTICE.\n\n[HE Partnership heretofore existing at this Port To the undersigned Busier the style of WILLIAMS, ANTION & CO. expiter the day by lapse of time sud mutual consent, the outstanding ass cants will te verde by either Partner, sad a stricy Agency and Commission business will be conducted by Et us Partners at the Port of Singapore antier the stylo of WILLIAMS, ANTHON & CA\n\nJagkong, 1st September, 1836.\n\nC. D. WILLIAMS,\n\nB. ANTHON, J G. HASKELL\n\nM. THOMAS WALKER, Architect and Surveyor, Queen's Road, Victoria, Hongkong. NOTICE\n\nOTICE 16 hereby given that our busiest in Shang- lae, will be cuudneted in future under us Sty víúlublAN & Evil Cautun sad uv-chow.\n\nGILNAN, BOWMAN & Co. Shungbae, 26th August, köbó,\n\nNOTICE.\n\nE undercly and have perished & their buss Store Keepers, Ship\n\nMacas, 3d January, 1857.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nINSURANCE S.\n\nNOTICH.\n\nLONDON ASSURANCE CORPORATION, Established by Charter 1790, THE ́undersigned, Agents at Hongkong for the above Carporation, are prepared to great PULICIES AGAINST FIRE, to the extent of £10,000, ou any Buthling or on Merchandize to the star,\n\nDENT & Co., Agents Hongkong, 12th April, 1955.\n\nALLIANCE FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY\n\nOF LONDON,\n\nMISCELLANEOUS,\n\nNOTIC\n\nNo. 1,365\n\nTHE undersigned have taken out az AUCTIONEER'S 1 LICENSE, and heg to uder their sarvkes to thu Public.in that Capacity,\n\nTROL HUNT & Co. Hongkong, 24th September, 181J.\n\nBOARD AND EDUCATION. THE Rev. ARTHUR TAYLOR, has a few vacancies 1 for the Admission into in jimsig of the chüdren of such FORRION Xstrants at the Mec Porta, who may\n\nPHE Undersigned having been appointed Aczstain be desirous of securing for them the Conforte of s\n\nFor Terms and Particulats apply at\n\nNo. Gough Street, Vicronka, Hongreso.\n\nNOTICE,\n\nTHE LIBRARY THE MORRISON EDUCATION\n\nSOCIETY,\n\ntheatre CAIXA for the above COMPANY, are prepared to HOME, sad the Advantage of a LIBERAL EDUCA\n\nrept ASSURANCES Hengcag, as ander\n\n1st. On Buildings of Brick ne Stone, covered with Tiles, Blaces, Metal, or other Incombustible Material, together with their Contenta, when such Buildings ors isolated from all othera,-Rate of Premium, i per cont per Aman.\n\nd. On sanh Buildings and their Contents, when not lealated, cut the Mats of 1 per cent per Axaum, the Su ieslated, as the Mots of per cent per Annum Annut liate will be charged.\n\nOf the 1st Asrances, for the prescut, will be accepted to the extent of £10,000 only on one Risk. And of the 24 Glass.→To the extent of £9,000. A Building and its Contents taken together form one Risk. Thus the above Sums may be underwritten either on a Building zione, or the Coutents alone; or, fart ou the Building, and part on the Contents.\n\nTHE Interest and Responsibility of Mr. EDMOND\n\nNEWMAN Sow in our Firm ceased on 31st Decem ber last. Our Piria now consists of WITAM WALKIN SHAW, WILLIAM Hursos, Joan SCARTO, and ROBERT Ранкетка Іновий ко\n\nTURNER & Co.\n\nHongkong, 12th January, 1867.\n\nHOUSER\n\nNOTICE.\n\nTHE undersigned having erected a spacious GO\n\nspring prepared to recclys ou Storage, Quods of all deereiptions which may act interfere with Insurans against fire. The charge for Storage of Loeros will be 10 cents per Bale per oath, and for Rice, Sus and hor Dead weight 3 cents per picut for the brai, and 2 cents per piest for the second and subazqnent months. The Rater for older Goods will be those current in Hongkong.\n\nLYALI, STILL & Co.\n\nHongkong, 8th December, 1550.\n\nLINDSAY & Co.\n\nNo Assurance is to be considered in force until the Premium be paid,\n\nAmongst other advantager of the Company, the Ax Aared will be entitled to participate in the Ï'rolite after Fivo sucucasive payments.\n\nHoney, is open every day, from 1 to 4 o'clock .x.. to Members of the Society, for the giving out and exchange of Books, Paris, not bombers of the Society, may jotain the savantages of the Library, on payment of an Annual Subscription of $5.\n\nBy order of the Truziles,\n\nHongkong, 25th October, 1855.\n\nJAMES LEGGE, Secretary,\n\nÀ DESORIPTION OF EXGLINE PAL-On the Englich\n\nface are combined decision and nerve, with the fair\n\nThe fair Saxon\n\nParties applying for ASSURANCES will please sund in full particulare of the Blak to be taken; nay Deviation | complexion, blue eyes, and open and florid expret, from which without the consent of the Company, will; Hence the love of truth, hence the sensibility, the fine vitiate che l'olicy.\n\nperception, and portie construction. Dian, with open front and honest meaning, domestic, affectionate, is not the wood out of which cannibal, ve inquisitor, or assassin is mede, but he is moulded for law, lawful trade, civility, marriage, the pucture of child- zen, for calleges, churchsea, chariiles, and rolouies. They nre rather manly then warlike. When the war over,\n\nJARDINE, MATHESON & Co., Agents in China. Hongkong, 1st January, 1875- ERLIANCE MARINE INSURANCE SOCIETY,\n\nundersigned Eaving\n\nFOR SALE,\n\nBIBB, LIVINGSTON & Co. FOR SALE.\n\nIlongkong, 26th April, 1950. BEST English STAR CUAL\n\nApply to\n\nTHE LONDON AND ORIENTAL STEAM TRANSIT INSURANCE OFFICE. Hongkong, 7th April, 1350.\n\n(Established in 1845.) FOR SALE.\n\nTHE Underzigned are prepared to accept RISES HAMPAGNE, BRANDY, PORT WINE, PA (covered by protecting POLICIES at Lotos and the various lour Insurance CoPANIES,) by the PEN- INSULAR AND ORIENTAL STEAMERS from Cus tos and dongkong, wo Amoy, Shanghue, tie Straits, Ceylon, the Presidencies of India, Suez, and Estund. The interest in the protecting Policies is assigned the P. and G. S. N. Company for the purpose of their becoming the Medium of Playmont in this event of Loss. For LATE PREW.CM and cherinformation, apply to\n\nRKS. WALKER, Hongkong. MAXIMILIAN P1son, Canton.\n\nand bluL SHERRIES\n\nLYALL, STILL & Ù». \n\nA fow Cones FRENCH CORKS.\n\nApply to\n\nHongkong, 12th July, 1850.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nN Invoice of COPPER, and YELLOW METAL\n\nSHEATHING, and COPPER BOLTS.\n\nAlso, CANVAS, and Europe Calcutta CORDAGE,\n\nApply to\n\n1YALL, STILL & Co. Hongkong, 12th July, 1856.\n\nFOR SALP INVIOSE TWO HOUSES, with excellent GODOWNS, LANDING WHARF, &c. Ettached, at present in\n\n& Co, id iuxt\n\nflore, ed un part of Marine Lot No. 10,\n\nFor particulare apply to\n\n, at fiongkong, which will be carried on the pre- uises Intely occupied by Mr. W. Scort, ruder the to- agement af ár. . . Exuicers, who is authorised 20\n\nigor the saingkong Branch,\n\nTua HUNTE Co. Whampoa, 25th August, 1854\n\nNOTICE\n\nInterest and Resperabity of Mn, ABRAHAM BOWMAN in our Firm, oth hire si at konchow, Lo Sith June susi.\n\n11.MAN & Co.\n\nCanton, Shib August, 1850,\n\nNOTICE\n\nAFR. REGINALD PADDAY was admitted a Part\n\nHAMILTON, GRAY & Co. Singapore, 24 Sep, 1556.\n\nMR. was admitted\n\nW\n\nNOTICE.\n\nE have this day established at Hongkong under\n\nthe scan style a branch of our Canon\n\nVAUCHER FRERES, Hongkong, 20th November, 1856.\n\nNOTICE\n\nBains herewere carried on under the Fire of Kwa & Japan, will, fron mud alive this date, ve Conducted by Mr. Mos Moses and Ale LEL J. ANKARA, under the designation of JobsH & Ly waerein Mr. Zum JUDA alcutta is the Senior Purtatt.\n\nEZRA & JUDAH.\n\nHongkong, It\n\n1867.\n\nNOTICE\n\nTHE Interest and Responsibility of Mr. WuJA, DE Firma of GIBB, LIVINGSTON & Ca, of China, and T. A. 118 Co., of Loudon, terminated on the auth Jure 1865.\n\nngay, 26th December, 1850.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nWILLIAM PROBST in this day admitted a\n\nM Partner in our Ficus in libing, which Mr. Jenave\n\nER is authorised to sign per procuration, while Alt. WH. HOLLMAN size the firm of February that has dis\n\nW. PUSTAU & Co.\n\neuntinued to net for u\n\nHongkong, 1st January, 2857. NOTICE\n\nM\n\n2. W. F. BEVAN, having an Interest in the business of this Office, wil siga my name from this lare per procuration.\n\nROBERT STRACHAN, \"longkeng Register\" Office, 1st January, 1867.\n\nTHOMAS L. WALKER Estate and ifcus Agent, Queen's Rouch\n\nHongkong, 18th July, 1856.\n\nFOR SALE\n\n\"MALTA,\"\n\nYork & Canberland HAMS. P CHEESE.\n\nBreakfast BACON, Bach CHOPS, &c., &c.\n\nSMITH & BRIMELOW.\n\nHongkong, 20th September, 1856.\n\nE. WAXDOS, Rhengåre,\n\nH. T, Marshall, Singapore.\n\nA. P. Love Cricutta.\n\nThe dog ind lays been appointed Aunts for the ransk falls from the affectionate ant to westic tantes, POLICIES, payable in LONDON, CALCUTTA, BOMBAY, which makes them women in kindness. This union of HANGGON, PERANG, SINGAPORE, and in CHINA.\n\nqualities is fabled in their national legend of “Beauty and the Beast,\" yr, long before, in the Greek legend of Hermaphrodite. \"The two sexes are co-prezent in the English wind. I apply to Britannia, queen of seas and colonies, the words in which her latest novelist portrays his heroine: \"ake la as mild as she is game, and as game as she is mild.\" The English delight in the un- taganden which comhlars in one person the extremes of courage and tenderness. Nelson, dying at Trafalgar, sends his love to Lord Collingwood, and, like an inco- eent schoolboy that goes to bed, says, \"Kiss me Hardy,\" und turns to sleep. Lord Collingwood, his comrade, was of a nature the most affectionate and domestic. Admiral Rudney's figure approached to delicacy med effeminary, and he declared himself very sensible to fen, which he surmounted only by considerations of honour and public duty. Clarradan says, the Duke of Buckingham was so modest and gentle, that some com tiers altempted to put effrouts on him, until they found that this modesty and effeminacy was only a wark for the most terrible determination. And Sir James Perry said, the other day, of Sir Joha Franklin, that, \"If he found Wellington Sound open, he explored it; for he was a man who never turned his back on a danger, yet of that tenderness, that he would not brush away a Mon- quito,\" Even for tusir highway men the same virtues is elclmued, and Robin Hued tomes described to us an altissimus prædimum, the gentlest thief. But they know where their war.dogs le Crowell, Blake, Maribo- rough, Chatham, Nelson, and Wellington are not to be trified with, and the brutal strength which lies of the hottem of society, the animal ferocity of the quays and Cockpits, the builies of the costernongers of Shoreditch, Seven Dials, and Spitalfields, they know how to wake up. They have a vigorous health, and inst well into middle and old age. The old men are as red as roses, and still handsome, & clear skin, a peschi bloom com- plexion, and good teeth, are found all over the island, They are a plentiful and maritious diet. The operative cannot rabist on waberevesICA. Beef mutton, #best- bread, and malt liquors, are universal among the first- claus laboureTA. Good feeding is a chief point of na- tional price among the raiger, sad, in their carlemmer, they represent the Preschman as a poor starved body, It in curiose that 'Tacitus found the English beer already i use ang the Germans: they make from barley or whest s drink corrupted into some resemblance to wine.\" Lord Chief Justice Purlesque, in Henry VI.'s time, sayu * The Inhabitants of England drink no water, valens at certain fizuen, on a religions score, and by way of pen. acer.\" The extremes of poverty and ascetic penance, it\n\nROBERT FRANCu, Mudras, ot Joas ROBIE. Bumbay.\n\nLondon, Sih January, 1854. NOTICE. THE umlonsigued, having been appointed Agenta for the CALCUTTA MERCANTILE MARINE INSURANCE SOCIETY, we ready to issue alicice En behalf of that Oleo, payable in BINGAPORE, CRAN, PANGDON, CALCUTTA, BOY, UN, din Cara\n\nDAVID SASSOON, SONS & Ca. Canton, 930 January, 1856. \"COMMITTEE OF MAKÍTIME INSURANCE, OF PARIS.\n\nJAMES HARTLEY & Co.\n\nL\n\nHE Undersigned, having been appointed Acerra for the Marine Insurance Offices of Paris, are aathor ized to examine and approva Clarins for General azú Particu Averages on ikka musured by them.\n\nSCHAEFFER & Co. Hongkong, 27th December, 1816.\n\nCOMITE DES ASSUREURS MARITIMES DE PARIS. ES Somsignés ayant été nommé Agents des Reunions FOR SALE.\n\nArreurs particuliers et des Compagnies d'Asure- YUPERIOR PORT AND SHERRY WINE, in Cunts runces Maritimes, de Paris sent authorisa, pour eumi\n\nof 1, 2, & 3, Dozen each; niso CHAMPAGNE in 3 ner et constater des réclames d'avarica partientiéres et\n\ncommunes sur des risques assurés par eux, dozen Cuses. BEER in Casca of 3 & 4 dosen each, at East Point Godenas.\n\nHongkong, le 27 Dec. 1956.\n\nNOTICE. THE undersignal having been appointed Aoser to\n\nOrricks in Rotterňom, a 1st of which may be seen in his one, requesra application to made to kim da ense of any particular or general Averages un rlake in eured by them.\n\nALEX, WILSON,\n\nHongkong, 16th December, 1856.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nTHE Tax HOUSES known as Bagwiese.\n\nFor further particulara, apply to\n\n10\n\nRongkong, 27th December, 1850.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nLINDSAY & Co.\n\nm board the Screw Steamer \"Lubus,\"\n\nat Whamp\n\nTWO TUBULAR BOILERS, each foot 2 inches\n\nSCHAEFFER & Co.\n\nThe majority of UDARWINTERS SIG INTUSANDS\n\nHongkong, lal January, 1857.\n\nA. W. P. KUP.\n\nMISCELLANEOUS,\n\nPOSTOFFICE NOTICE.\n\nwould seen, never reach cold water in England. Wood, the antiquary, in describing the poverty and maceration of Father Lacey, an English Jeruit, dues not deny him heer. He says, \"his bed was under s thateng, and the way to it up a ladder; his faze was coarse? his They have more drink, of a penny a pawn, or gallon,\"\n\nThey constitutional nurgy than any other people.\n\nthink, with bat manly excercises are the\n\nfomation of that elevation of sind which gives one\n\nnature ascendant over another; ar with the Arabs, that the disys spent in the chase are not counted is the length of life. They hot, run, shoot, ride, row, and sait from pinle to pole. Toey eat, and drick, and live jolly in the open ale, putting a bar of solid sleep between day and day-English Traits.\n\nPORGIA PREACHtaq.--The Furkaru, niter noticing the Freemasons' friend, and making some creellent re- marks, in which I quite cuntur, regarding “popular\n\nin length, and feet 4 inthase of a work Engin, a HE Acting Post-Master regrets sa way that owing to prenehno leping of Church, an epigram pointed\n\nthe departure of the carriers from Hong- tong, there can be no delivery for the present of Leiteir &c., hat how the Peat-Office window. Hours of stren- dance being as heretofore frora 7 oʻtlock, a.a. to li PAN,\n\nPosten, Hongkong,\n\n12th January, 18s.\n\nsufficiently apacions to Engtuan of from One Hundred and fronty to One Hundred and Thirty Hons Pow. Bach Boiler ha 3 Furnaces; length of Tubes, 4 ft. 9 by 24 in. diameter. The whole is in first-rate order, having been only Six-en Monthe in the Vessel, and not having been used morg than Six Weeks during the whole of that time\n\nONE HIGH-PRESSURE DONKEY ENGINE, wish\n\nSAN MIGUEL KRASS AND IRON FOUNDRY. CYLINDER capable of worklog up to Ten Forsy Power, fitted with Pamp of 7 fucher diameter, and YNDER the Superintendance of an Experienusi Ex- Buroke of Piston Rod fi inches, for pumping out Water GINEER. Orders for all kinds of MACHINERY Ballart, throwing with cas 20 Tons per hour. Also executest with despatch. Speak ENGINES & BOILERS Cast Iron Baskets with Cod Waaris, for Londing or repaired. SHAFTS of the bees English Iron from 5 to Dinolwaging Cargo.\n\n9 inches diameter. Orders to be addressed to Moser B. A. BARRETTO & Co., Media,\n\nONE PERPENDICULAR CYLINDRICAL TUBU. LAR BOILER for Huginu. standing & fost 9 inches high, diameter & fest 7 inches.\n\nThe whale in first-rate working order.\n\nLINDSAY & Co.\n\nHongkong, 25th Cetuler, 1855.\n\nWING to the existing condition of affairs at Chator, D. KENNY han ravnoved to Hongkong; and may be consulted his Rive, cormir of Graham and Gage Streets.\n\nlingkong, 10th December, 1856.\n\naway's article on\n\nwith a good joke of the witty South, the Editor aught to have a return in kind, I offer the following an illustration of the disgusting length to which preachers who strive after effect, can go. The anecdote is taken from severe criticism, writing in England, of the Rev. J, C. M. Bellew's volunie of Sermon preached at St. Philip's, Regent Street. Allading to Mr. Spurgeon, the \"gated dissenting prenslier,\" the critic of the Saturday Review says:—\n\nThat shining light of the Non-conformist world lately discoursed of the last days and death of Williaur Palmer, and be described the devil na trembling between hope aul fear--now reading that Pairer would confers and balk him, and presently confident that he would remain ohdurate. The preaches wout an ine on himself to per souity Satan; and, rubbing his hands in a flow of ex- citement and delight, he shoutot, a the game in the prison cell was closing, \"here he comes! here he comes! here he comes --Bengal Hurlar.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-062 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [1-3].txt",
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        "id": 244349,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "page_number": 90,
        "title": "CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "content_text": "# SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.\n\n## ARRIVED.\n\n### MERCHANT VESSELS.---Continued.\n\n| Date Arrival | Name | Flag | Tons | Captain | From | Cargo |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Apr 26 | Sul | British | 170 | - | Ballast | - |\n| Apr 28 | Avventura | Dutch | 430 | - | Bombay | Sundries |\n| Apr 25 | Acorn | British | 280 | W. K. Hall | Shanghai | Sundries |\n| Apr 29 | Alcor | British | - | - | Ballast | - |\n| Apr 28 | Hebe | British | 471 | F. Brauns | Singapore | Rice |\n| Apr 28 | Hellespont | British | 930 | - | Shanghai | Sundries |\n| Apr 22 | Gravina | British | 125 | Herman | Amoy | Sundries |\n| Apr 19 | Sophia Fraser | British | - | - | Shanghae | Order |\n| Apr 21 | Koningen der Nederlanden | Dutch | - | Cusack | Shanghae | - |\n| Apr 20 | Aliquis | British | - | - | Shanghae | Sundries |\n| Apr 27 | Bunga | British | 290 | Meinertzhagen | Swatow | General |\n| Apr 27 | General | British | 591 | Halkieth | Melware | Ballast |\n| Apr 29 | Am. str. 1968 | British | 170 | Morice | Swatow-pr | 27 Ballast |\n| Apr 29 | Am. 500 | British | 367 | Treadwell | Bangkok | Apr ice\" |\n| Apr 28 | Brit. str. 30 | British | - | Crockett | Shaugh | Apr 28 Sundries |\n| Apr 28 | Gussell | British | - | - | Batavia | - |\n| Apr 28 | Loeven & Kup | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Apr 28 | Sebaoffen & Co | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Apr 28 | P. & U. S. N. Co | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Apr 28 | Jardine, M. & Co | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Apr 28 | Heard & Co | British | - | - | - | - |\n\n## BRITISH SHIPS OF WAR IN CHINA.\n\n| Class | Name | Flag & Guns | Captain | At |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Sloop | Acorn | - | W. A. Hood | Formosa |\n| - | Antagonist, | Dutch | - | Luque | - |\n| - | Alligator | - | Bowen & Co | - |\n| - | Avay | - | Despin | - |\n| - | Antelope | - | - | - |\n| - | Actaeon | - | - | - |\n| - | Algerine | - | - | - |\n| - | Albatross | - | - | - |\n| - | Alceste | - | - | - |\n| Sloop | - | - | Stabb | - |\n| - | - | - | Jenkin | - |\n\n## Sailed.\n\n| Name | Flag | Tons | Captain | Destination | Cargo |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Chusan | British | 280 | F.D. Synge | Calcutta | - |\n| Cruiser | British | 142 | W. Custou | - | - |\n| Belleiate | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Fermo | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Hiawatha | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Prudent | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Eureka | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Eliza Ross, brig | British | - | - | Chinchew | - |\n| Hanibal, schooner | British | - | - | Swatow | - |\n| Bauslie, barque | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Bevereg, barque | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Scotia, schooner | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Sorata, barque | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Starlight, barque | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Thracian, sloop | British | - | - | - | - |\n\n## GUN BOATS, DESPATCH VESSELS AND TRANSPORTS.\n\n| Name | Class | Flag & Guns | Captain | At |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Castus | - | - | W. F. Lee | - |\n| Hero | - | - | - | - |\n| Caratyne | - | - | P. Saumarez | - |\n| Benefactor | - | - | J. Kerr | - |\n| Rachel | - | - | W. Arthur | - |\n| H. Ferdinand | - | - | B. W. Nicholas | - |\n| Sophia Fraser | - | - | A. J. Ince | - |\n| Cormorant | Gunboat | - | W. H. Jones | - |\n| Nimrod | - | - | W. J. Hunt | - |\n| Opossum | - | - | - | - |\n| Gunboat | - | - | - | - |\n| Troup-ship | - | - | - | - |\n| Guru | Des.-Str. | - | - | - |\n| Surprise | Des.-T. | 400 | John Band & Co | - |\n| Watchful | Gunboat | - | - | - |\n| Nera, schooner | - | - | - | - |\n| Wild Flower, ship | - | - | - | - |\n\n## MERCHANT VESSELS.---Continued.\n\n| Date of Arrival | Name | Flag | Tons | Captain | From | Cargo |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Apr 20 | Chin Chin | British | 316 | G. E. Hand | San Francisco | Sundries |\n| Apr 29 | Cleopatra | British | 750 | - | Singapore | Sundries |\n| Apr 30 | C. Coventry | British | - | - | Amoy | Sundries |\n| May 1 | Caratyne | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Apr 22 | Black R. Packet | British | - | - | Bygd | Sundries |\n| Apr 23 | Dick | British | - | - | Shanghae | - |\n| Apr 18 | Kestrel | British | - | L. Wich | Bhanglue | - |\n| Apr 22 | Antelope | British | - | C.8. SET | - | - |\n| Mar 25 | Wilhelmine, barque | British | 88 | Angler & Co | Thoyon | - |\n| Apr 22 | Venetian | British | 510 | Penrice | Fuhchau | Teas, &c. |\n| Apr 28 | Star | British | - | G. of Pechali | - | - |\n| Apr 28 | Slaney | British | - | Peysaud | - | - |\n| Apr 28 | Peysaud | British | - | G. of Peculi | - | - |\n| Apr 28 | Levoque | British | - | IG. of Pocheli | - | - |\n\n## FOREIGN SHIPS OF WAR IN CHINA.\n\n| Class | Name | Flag | Guns | Captain | At |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Fr. Str. | Audacieux | French | 50 | Vrignand | G. Pehali Fr. Str. |\n| Fr. Str. | Avenger | French | - | - | River |\n| Fr. Str. | Capricieuse | French | 40 | D'Aboville | Fr. Str. |\n| Fr. Str. | Durance | French | 12 | Trebuchet | River |\n| Fr. Str. | Fusee | French | - | - | G. Peel Fr. Str. |\n| Fr. Str. | Meurthe | French | - | Borelli | - |\n| Fr. Str. | Mitraille | French | - | - | River |\n| Fr. G. Boat | Nemesis | French | - | Sous | G. Peel Fr. Ship |\n| Fr. Str. | Nissard | French | - | Cu Niss | - |\n| Fr. Str. | Phlegeton | French | - | Monerelt, G. | - |\n\n## BRITISH SHIPS OF WAR EXPECTED.\n\n## SHIPPING IN CHINA.\n\n### MERCHANT VESSELS.\n\n| Name | Flag | Tons | Captain | Destination | Cargo |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Aden, steamer | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Haschaut, ship | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Banner, schooner | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Earl Grey, barque | British | 770 | - | - | - |\n| Faerie, barque | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Fiery Cross, ship | British | 2000 | - | - | - |\n| Frowning Beauty, barque | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Hamilton, brig | British | 133 | - | - | - |\n| Hellespont, steamer | British | 2394 | - | - | - |\n| Job Shepherd, ship | British | 629 | - | - | - |\n| Jary | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Luly McDonald, ship | British | 679 | - | - | - |\n| Mauritius, steamer | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Perseverance, barque | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Pottinger, steamer | British | 200 | - | - | - |\n| Rajah of Sarawak, ship | British | 525 | - | - | - |\n| Rabe | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Sarah Lacy, barque | British | 450 | - | - | - |\n| Scotland, steamer | British | 759 | - | - | - |\n| Taymouth Castle, ship | British | 682 | - | - | - |\n| Trafalgar, barque | British | 717 | - | - | - |\n| Vindex, schooner | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Whirlwind, ship | British | - | - | - | - |\n| Williamattilies, barque | British | 476 | - | - | - |\n| Zepage, schooner | British | - | - | - | - |\n\n### FOREIGN MERCHANT VESSELS.\n\n| Name | Flag | Tons | Captain | From | Cargo |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Lion, barque | French | - | - | - | - |\n| Mariquita, ship | French | - | - | - | - |\n| St Paul | French | - | - | - | - |\n| Ville de Bale, ship | French | - | - | - | - |\n| Atmosphere, ship | American | - | - | - | - |\n| Bald Eagle, ship | American | - | - | - | - |\n| Cohota, ship | American | - | - | - | - |\n| Derby | American | - | - | - | - |\n| Flying Sail, ship | American | - | - | - | - |\n| Frigate Bird, ship | American | - | - | - | - |\n| George Lee, ship | American | - | - | - | - |\n| Norways, ship | American | - | - | - | - |\n| Orpheus, ship | American | - | - | - | - |\n| Uriel, ship | American | - | - | - | - |\n| Youths of CONCEF | American | - | - | - | - |\n| Alvor, barque | Dutch | 297 | - | - | - |\n| Amsterdam, ship | Dutch | 400 | - | - | - |\n| Betera Michiels | Dutch | - | - | - | - |\n| Boven & Kap | Dutch | - | - | - | - |\n| Hebe, ship | Dutch | 471 | - | - | - |\n| Jannetta Coralin | Dutch | 454 | - | - | - |\n| Lactor Energo | Dutch | - | - | - | - |\n| Maria Diederiks, barque | Dutch | 270 | - | - | - |\n| Nora Zembla, ship | Dutch | 775 | - | - | - |\n| Phoebus, barque | Dutch | - | - | - | - |\n| Stad Doken | Dutch | - | - | - | - |\n| Damsh | Dutch | - | - | - | - |\n| Alions, barque | Hamburg | - | - | - | - |\n| Susenas, barque | Hamburg | - | - | - | - |\n| Abu Lange, barque | Bremen | 288 | - | - | - |\n| J. Brightman, ship | Sardinian | - | - | - | - |\n| Jahu Stephen, barque | Sardinian | - | - | - | - |\n| Progress, barque | Sardinian | - | - | - | - |\n| Fresh Eagle, barque | American | - | - | - | - |\n| Antelope, brig | Spanish | - | - | - | - |\n| Argonaut, ship | Spanish | - | - | - | - |\n| Game Cook, ship | Spanish | - | - | - | - |\n| Gravina, brig | Spanish | - | - | - | - |\n| Dutch | - | - | - | - | - |\n| Almonde, barque | Dutch | 609 | - | - | - |\n| Henrietta, barque | Dutch | 400 | - | - | - |\n| Johanna, barque | Dutch | 550 | - | - | - |\n| Mercator, ship | Dutch | 749 | - | - | - |\n| San Jacinto | American | - | - | - | - |\n\n## RECEIVING SHIPS.\n\n| Name | At | Captain |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Australia | Hongkong | Bill Co |\n| Cams Family | - | - |\n| Toms | - | - |\n| Ch | - | - |\n| Faluti | - | - |\n| T | - | - |\n| Formlean | - | - |\n| Anuya | - | - |\n| To kee | - | - |\n| Imag | - | - |\n| Patainder | - | - |\n| Fitzgion | - | - |\n| Adventure | - | - |\n| Malamoodie | - | - |\n| Pidiehau | - | - |\n| Water Witei | - | - |\n| Chichew Temple | - | - |\n| Haud | - | - |\n| Tivi | - | - |\n| And Welch | - | - |\n| Woosing licort | - | - |\n| Vincent | - | - |\n\n## TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.\n\nTo the HONGKONG REGISTER and OVERLAND REGISTER AND PRICE CURRENT: One Year, $32; Six Months, $16; Three Months, $8. To the HONGKONG REGISTER: One Year, $15; Six Months, $8; Three Months, $5. To the OVERLAND REGISTER AND PRICE CURRENT alone: For One Year, $3; all payable in advance.\n\n## TERMS OF ADVERTISEMENT.\n\nAdvertisements, not exceeding 5 lines, $1; each additional line, 20 cents; one half of these charges for Repetitions.\n\n## AGENTS.\n\nJ. G. ANTHONY, Esq., London; Messrs. Jardine, Skinner & Co., Calcutta; Messrs. LALAROS & Co., Bombay; Messrs. THOMPSON, ROBERT & Co., Shanghai; J. P. Fisc, San Francisco.\n\n## GOVERNMENT GAZETTE.\n\nVICTORIA, SATURDAY, 5TH JUNE 1858.\n\n**GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.**\n\nVol. III, No. 158.\n\nThe Contract for publishing this Gazette, entered into on the 5th September, 1853, was terminated on the 20th ultimo; and notice is hereby given, that a New Series of this Gazette will be published hereafter, to commence from the 7th instant, under a New Contract, and that **THE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE** will, as before, be the only Official Organ for PROCLAMATIONS, NOTIFICATIONS, and PUBLIC NOTICES, of this Government.\n\nBy Order,\nW. T. MERCER, Colonial Secretary.\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Victoria, Hongkong, 20 July, 1855.\n\n## VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OF HONGKONG.\n\nNo. 15 of 1858.\n\nMONDAY, 31st MAY, 1858.\n\nPRESENT:\n\nHis Excellency the Governor and all the Members, except the Lieutenant-Governor and the Colonial Treasurer, on account of indisposition.\n\nThe Council met to-day, pursuant to adjournment.\n\nThe Minutes of the last Council being read.\n\nThe Attorney General proposed the following amendments:\n1stly. That the words \"Pursuant to\" be inserted before the words \"The following Notice of motion\"; and that the words \"from the Attorney General was brought up and read\" next after, be struck out.\n2ly. That the words \"and moved\" be inserted after the word \"Memorialists.\"\n\nQuestion put, and passed---whereupon,\n\nThe amendments being made,\n\nThe Minutes were approved.\n\nThe Council resolved itself into a Committee of the whole for the further consideration of the Market Ordinance.\n\nSections 1 to 4 inclusive, were ordered to stand part of the Ordinance.\n\nSection 18 was recommitted and amended.\n\nResolved, that the Market Ordinance from Section 5 to the end be recommitted.\n\nTwo new Sections were introduced, and ordered to stand as Sections 3 and 6.\n\nA Draft of proposed Market Bye-Laws was read for the information of the Council, by order of His Excellency.\n\nConsideration of the Market Ordinance was resumed.\n\nSections 5 to 8 inclusive, were re-numbered, and made Sections 7 to 10.\n\nSection 9 was amended, and made Section 11.\n\nEight new Sections were discussed seriatim, agreed to, and ordered to be introduced next after Section 11, and to stand as Sections 12 to 19 inclusive.\n\nSection 10 was made Section 20, and amended.\n\nSections 1 to 14 inclusive, were re-numbered, and made Sections 21 to 24.\n\nA new Section was introduced, and ordered to stand as Section 25.\n\nSections 15 to 17 inclusive, were re-numbered as Sections 26 to 28, and adopted.\n\nSection 18 being re-numbered as Section 29, was recommitted.\n\nThe Governor put the question, that this Section as amended stand part of the Ordinance.\n\nUpon which the Attorney General moved an amendment, that the words \"Registrar General\" be left out.\n\nDebate ensued.\n\nThe Governor put the question, That the words \"Registrar General\" stand part of the Clause.\n\nCouncil divided.\n\nAyes (4.)\n\nMR DENT.\nMR LYALL.\nACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY.\nSURVEYOR GENERAL.\n\nNoys (4.)\n\nMR JARDINE.\nCHIEF MAGISTRATE.\nATTORNEY GENERAL.\nCHIEF JUSTICE.\n\nPage 90\nPage 91",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 244464,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "page_number": 205,
        "title": "CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "content_text": "202\n\nperseverance in adhering to and repeating the word averments and persevering in slinging towards wary opponent who has had the misfortune to incur his displeasure and there fatal effects have altogether nullified the benefits which the Colony might otherwise have derived from the great talents which Mr Anstey undoubtedly possesses. No one can be more sensible than I am of his unparalleled activity - his intellectual resources must be abated.\n\n6. Mr Anstey entered upon the duties in the last days of January \n\n7. his readiness and acuteness and his varied Knowledge : history and Laws but when these great gifts are applied as they have been to fomenting discord in a small community, mischief becomes intolerable such of his Office...\n\n1856 - two years and six months after... Of that time he has been absent about 8 or 7 Months and only during such absence has the Colony enjoyed respite from a succession of Official disputes in almost every one of which he has taken the most prominent part. Mr Anstey has quarrelled with the Chief Justice - he has quarrelled with the Acting Colonial Secretary - he has quarrelled with the Colonial Treasurer - he has quarrelled with the (late) Chief Magistrate - he has quarrelled with the Assistant Magistrate...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 245162,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-069 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "page_number": 241,
        "title": "CO129-069 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "content_text": "239\n\n**Diratical Fleet** which has been **interruptin** the **Constin** Trade to the West of this Colony.\n\nI beg to call your attention to the important services rendered on this occasion by Mr. Valdwell and I feel it is especially my duty to mention his name at a time when, under the untiring animosity of so determined a Crusade, Mr. Anstey has been carried on against a Public Servant whose usefulness can only be fully appreciated by those who, like myself, are acquainted with the advantages the Colony was derived from his energy, his knowledge, and perseverance. I venture to say that no functionary has been able to render, and certainly no one has rendered, more valuable service to the Government in that crisis of difficulty and danger through which we have lately passed, and there is no Public Servant for whom it would be more hard to find an equally efficient substitute.\n\nI have the honour to be, with the highest respect,\nSir,\nYour Most Obedient Servant,\n**Sthe Berns**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-069 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 246263,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-072 - Indviduals - 1858",
        "page_number": 97,
        "title": "CO129-072 - Indviduals - 1858",
        "content_text": "Excellency, against being led into a discussion on the propriety of censure or cuspension, I must express my deep concern regarding the recent actions.\n\nale 177 regular and haste in taking proceedings against those who commit a new breach of Regulation, with effect to injure you, has been duly noted.\n\ncausing you, Sir, to remain implicitly instructed on the facts.\n\nCole fortnight has passed, and I have the honor to be, Sir, your most obedient and humble Servant,\n\nF. Herbert Anstey\n\nTo the Right Honorable\n\nEar C. B. Lytton Bart. Mt. Secretary of State for Colonies,\n\nDowning Street.\n\n\"Copy\n\nNo 478.\n\nColonial Office,\n\n10th August 1858.\n\nI have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter...\n\n022 B C act...\n\nThe subject of the documents which will be transmitted to the Secretary of State with the Report of your Suspension has been duly noted, and I have to inform you in reply that all the necessary documents will be forwarded, but that, in consequence of being much pressed with other work, some of them will be detained till the next mail.\n\nI have &c.\n\n(Signed) W. T. Bridges Acting Colonial Secretary.\n\n(Copy)\n\nHong Kong, 10th August 1858.\n\nI have to acknowledge, with great regret for the perseverance of Government in a certain line of policy, your offices of yesterday (No. 478) received late that afternoon; and I forward, for transmission by this mail, the enclosed Duplicate Supplemental Letter, No. 1, of this date addressed by me to the Secretary of State on the subject. Duplicate Supplemental, No. 2, goes direct to Sir E.B. Lytton by this Mail.\n\nI have &c.\n\n(Signed) F. T. Anstey\n\nThe Honorable W. T. Bridges\n\nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\n...\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364\n\nbecomes \n\nExcellency, against being led into a discussion on the propriety of censure or suspension, I must express my deep concern regarding the recent actions.\n\nale 177; regular and haste in taking proceedings against those who commit a new breach of Regulation, with effect to injure you, has been duly noted.\n\ncausing you, Sir, to remain implicitly instructed on the facts. Cole fortnight has passed,\n\n \nI have the honor to be, Sir, your most obedient and humble Servant,\n\nF. Herbert Anstey\n\nTo the Right Honorable\n\nEar C. B. Lytton Bart. Mt. Secretary of State for Colonies,\n\nDowning Street.\n\n\"Copy\n\nNo 478.\n\nColonial Office,\n\n10th August 1858.\n\nI have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter... The subject of the documents which will be transmitted to the Secretary of State with the Report of your Suspension has been duly noted, and I have to inform you in reply that all the necessary documents will be forwarded, but that, in consequence of being much pressed with other work, some of them will be detained till the next mail.\n\nI have &c.\n\n(Signed) W. T. Bridges Acting Colonial Secretary.\n\n(Copy)\n\nHong Kong, 10th August 1858.\n\nI have to acknowledge, with great regret for the perseverance of Government in a certain line of policy, your offices of yesterday (No. 478) received late that afternoon; and I forward, for transmission by this mail, the enclosed Duplicate Supplemental Letter, No. 1, of this date addressed by me to the Secretary of State on the subject. Duplicate Supplemental, No. 2, goes direct to Sir E.B. Lytton by this Mail.\n\nI have &c.\n\n(Signed) F. T. Anstey\n\nThe Honorable W. T. Bridges\n\nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\nPage 363\n\n...\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-072 - Indviduals - 1858.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 247631,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-074 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Robinson - 1859 [6-12]",
        "page_number": 305,
        "title": "CO129-074 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Robinson - 1859 [6-12]",
        "content_text": "I have no comment in his present authority.\n\nI have not found Carlisle fit for making any remark on Larkin, the justice of the indictment and the sentence, of your consistent perseverance (or for being exported to London) in the performance of what may be regarded as a painful duty; that of resisting the applications of those who have sought for a mitigation of the punishment from yourself.\n\nBut if there should be real & serious danger to the health of the prisoner, I wish (unlike Lane in an is past case & anticipated my wish) to have him transferred to the debtors' prison jail. And if there is such apparent danger to his health, I still think, as Lord Lansdowne generally supplies hominy (on Mondays of this inscription, I think) the jury will be...\n\nPage 302",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-074 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Robinson - 1859 [6-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 249995,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860",
        "page_number": 145,
        "title": "CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860",
        "content_text": "At page 1362 of the papers is the verdict of the special jury in the case of Chit Runeen Parbohut. In the opening of the Case, the Counsel for Bee Grown said that J. Bowring and Dr Bridges were on their trial. The verdict of the jury found them, in effect, guilty of a corrupt and damnable trick to defeat the ends of justice. This too without hearing a word of the defence, a perusal of the evidence shows that no other verdict was possible.\n\nThese three remarkable and signal triumphs of justice, were owing to the extraordinary ability, undaunted courage, unswerving perseverance, and conspicuous honour and integrity of Eure Custey. He is dismissed, and the criminals favourit!!!\n\nCommittee respectfully beg to explain this... \n\nTo His Excellency the Governor, &c., &c., &c.\n\nOf Your Grace's most obedient\n\nAl... kcast\n\nHis Excellency the Governor to be bute\n\no Colonial Secretary\n\nKansiall\n\nChairman.\n\n11396\n\n12619\n\n86.\n\n34\n\nAug? 4\n\nFurther\n\nLuneb\n\nJune,\n\n42 trong nông\n\nCondon WC China\n\nRECEIVED\n\nREC\n\n143\n\nChina Telegraph Office\n\n28 MAY 337 Strand W. C.\n\n23\n\n1860.\n\nLord Duke\n\nMay 22nd 1860\n\nI have the honour to bring to Your Lordship's notice, the enclosed letters from Mr W. Tarrant, who has been transferred to the Debtors' Jail at Hongkong, for non-payment of the costs of the late action for libel against Colonel Caine, for which he has suffered six months imprisonment, in the common Jail.\n\nI believe Your Lordship will hold with me that it is hardly fair that the offender not only undergoes incarceration for his offence but also has to pay the costs to the Crown.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 253327,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-085 - Sir Robinson - 1862 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 410,
        "title": "CO129-085 - Sir Robinson - 1862 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "# \n\nIt is not my desire to inflict upon Your Grace my views, or opinions upon this subject, at this stage of my correspondence--but having touched upon two points in my previous respects to Your Grace which will tend to illustrate what I have advanced, I deem it my duty to seize upon the opportunity afforded in having called Your Grace's attention to these points, to demonstrate my meaning for Your Grace's information. The points I allude to refer, first, to the partiality exhibited by the existing local administration towards Mr. Alexander, the present acting Colonial Secretary; and second, to the suppression of the Colonial Surgeon's reports for three years.\n\nThe root of all the evil which has occurred here is the secret underhand system, invented I may say, by Colonel Caine the late Lieut. Governor, and Mr. Mercer, the present Colonial Secretary elect, now absent in England.\n\nThe system amounted simply to this. Every act and intention of the local government was kept secret--most flagrant abuses prevailed, and the grossest mismanagement existed. Dispatches to Downing Street, the contents of which were kept a profound secret, were relied upon for exculpation. In fact the local government held themselves alone responsible to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, who could only judge by these secret despatches. I cannot illustrate how little reliance can be placed on these despatches better than by appending the charges which I made before the Executive Council against the late administration of this colony for deceiving by the means I have pointed out, H. M. Government. These charges although published on the minutes were refused to be entertained. I may further mention that the published report of the Council contains a large quantity of the despatches which the late administration had suppressed.\n\nThe municipal affairs of the Colony are entirely out of the control of the community, and are mismanaged by the local Government under the secret underhand system I have alluded to, to an extent so incredible that it would be in vain my attempting to ask Your Grace's credence to the facts which are patent to all out here. Your Grace is aware that the municipal affairs of this colony, comprise almost the entire functions of the local government. Nearly all the heads of departments are upon the Legislative Council, and it is hardly likely that they will meet to find fault with each other, especially when the smallest display of public spirit is, as I think I shall make it appear, deemed by the Governor a symptom of insubordination.\n\n10\n\nWhen H. M. Government directed that non-official members should sit upon the Legislative Council of this Colony, the intention must have been to introduce a little of the popular element therein, and the same motive must clearly have dictated the advisability of admitting the Press to the Legislative sittings.\n\nNever was a liberal idea more utterly defeated. The non-official members of the Council are selected by His Excellency. The heads of the two eminent firms are selected as a prescriptive right, the third non-official member being entirely under their control. The two leading firms I allude to have such enormous wealth and influence not in accordance with the general community that they have no sympathy whatever, but the reverse with the general community.\n\nThese non-official Councillors do not deem it becoming to appear in opposition to the wishes of the Governor. They desire to uphold above all things, the integrity and the supremacy of Her Majesty's authority: and although they could if they wished offer a serious obstacle to the will of the Governor, they feel such a course discourteous and therefore by all means to be eschewed. They carry their subservience so far that upon a late occasion when one of them (for the second time within my knowledge) proposed an amendment to a clause in an Ordinance, His Excellency the Governor would not allow the amendment to be put, and the Honorable Member submitted. As no Ordinance can be put except with the Governor's consent, Your Grace cannot fail to see that His Excellency's power is supreme.\n\nAs for the admission of the press, precisely the same remarks apply. It is true that since the privilege was granted the press have never been refused admittance, but if it be desired to exclude the reporters, the time of meeting has simply to be kept secret and the object is attained. Thus when His Excellency the Governor applied to the Council for a vote for furniture, (a grant the Council had no right to make) the press was excluded in the manner described. So also when the application was made for a general increase of the salaries of the officers of the Civil service, (the Colonial Surgeon's being decreased owing as is supposed to the tenor of his suppressed reports) was the press in like manner excluded. As the non-official members were of course privy to the secret, their subservience to the will of the Governor cannot be more forcibly illustrated than by the relation of this circumstance.\n\nTo proceed with my subject. It was upon Mr. Mercer's strong recommendation that Dr. Bridges was given acting employment in the service of the local Government. In the conduct of the abuses, which give rise to so much scandal, there really was little difference before and after Dr. Bridges' taking office. Mr. Mercer must have been as well aware of them, as I, or any other old resident was. Dr. Bridges being a lawyer in full practice, and a money lender besides, combined his public functions with his private business, and hence it came to pass that hidden matters came to the surface.\n\nThe finding of the Executive Council on the Civil Service abuses, I respectfully submit, is as condemnatory of Dr. Bridges as it is of Mr. Caldwell. As thus, it condemns Mr. Caldwell, first, for associating with a notorious pirate, and second, for having stated falsely on oath that some inmates of a brothel escaped into the private residence of Mr. May the superintendent of Police,--for having repeated the accusation (being well aware of its untruth,) before the Caldwell commission some five months afterwards, and again repeated it in a pamphlet which he published, called his Vindication.\n\nRegarding the first portion of the finding. When the papers of the pirate chief, whose intimate associate Mr. Caldwell had been, were seized, Mr. May, the superintendent of Police, officially informed Dr. Bridges, then acting Colonial Secretary, that the papers implicated Mr. Caldwell. Dr. Bridges garbled and threw discredit on this dispatch, and subsequently did his utmost to have Mr. May suspended as well as Mr. Anstey--in fact he had all but succeeded, and his failing was simply the result of chance. Dr. Bridges and Mr. Caldwell had many business connexions together, and after the pirate chief was sentenced, Dr. Bridges, who as acting Colonial Secretary, had a seat on the Executive Council, did his utmost to further Mr. Caldwell's endeavors, and but for another fortuitous circumstance, would have obtained a remission of the pirate's sentence. Dr. Bridges subsequently ordered the papers to be burnt, and then on his oath in the witness box in the libel case of the Queen v. Tarrant, stated that when he ordered those papers to be burnt he had no knowledge of any connexion between the pirate Chief and Mr. Caldwell.\n\nAs for the second portion--It was Dr. Bridges that forced Mr. Caldwell to utter the falsehood in the first instance about the women escaping into Mr. May's house. It turned out, that Sir John Bowring the Governor, had called upon Mr. Caldwell a day or two after the charge was made, to prove or retract it. Mr. Caldwell retracted it, and Dr. Bridges then acting Colonial Secretary, suppressed the retractation. Before the Caldwell Commission Dr. Bridges himself repeated the falsehood.\n\nThus far My Lord Duke every circumstance I have named as to both portions of the finding in relation to Dr. Bridges, was proved before the Executive Council at their sittings on the Civil Service abuses. One circumstance more remained to be proved--namely Dr. Bridges' connection with the pamphlet called the Vindication. The finding was not published until some months after it had been arrived at. Subsequently to its publication, I was prepared with evidence to show that Dr. Bridges had corrected the proofs of that pamphlet--but I was not allowed to bring forward the evidence.\n\nYour Grace must not suppose that either Mr. Caldwell's or Dr. Bridges' culpability is confined to these two delinquencies. The finding restricted the guilt of the former to these two points, and therefore I simply wish to show Your Grace that as far as the finding goes, Dr. Bridges is fully as culpable as Mr. Caldwell.\n\nHaving connected Dr. Bridges and Mr. Caldwell, I now proceed to show their connexion with Mr. Mercer. I should explain that the sittings of the Executive Council upon the Civil Service abuse Enquiry lasted over a period of ten months, and embraced about thirty sittings, many of which lasted the entire day. Not only had I to bring the charges and prove them, but as Mr. Caldwell was allowed to be on his defence from first to last, I had almost perpetually to be combating the falsehoods and tutored evidence which he relied upon. It is impossible therefore, under such circumstances, that any man of ordinary intelligence placed in my position should not form impressions, amounting to convictions, as to what was the respective state of mind of each member of the Council. The Governor was repeatedly and forcibly struck with the weight of evidence against the accused, as it was elicited, and more than once gave vent to his feelings in terms of indignant remonstrance. The Chief Justice at the commencement appeared difficult to convince, but as conviction stole over him his consistency to the last could hardly be mistaken. As for Mr. Mercer, his strong friendship and continual partisanship with Dr. Bridges were so notorious, that at the opening of the enquiry I strongly objected to his sitting on the Council. His ascendancy over the Governor was clearly supreme and it always appeared to me that His Excellency had been talked over, for at each meeting I had as it were to begin over again. Whenever Dr. Bridges' name appeared, Mr. Mercer came to the front--on one occasion a most damning fact against Dr. Bridges had come out which was omitted on the minutes, and Mr. Mercer opposed its insertion in the most determined manner, until I begged that my protest against the omission might be substituted. On this occasion Mr. Mercer pleaded in Dr. Bridges' extenuation a conversation he had had with a special juryman who had sat in the case of the Queen v. Tarrant. But for my own perseverance and the integrity of the Chief Justice I have a strong conviction that no finding ever would have been come to. As it was, after my patience had been severely taxed, the enquiry was stopped at the most important, and most easily proved charge, just at the point where the guilt of the accused had become so apparent as to make it evident, even to himself, that he could not longer remain in the public service, for he resigned.\n\nAfter Dr. Bridges' guilt had been proved, until the day he left the Colony, He remained on friendly terms with the Governor. On the eve of his departure for England (which occurred ere the close of the enquiry) he boasted that His Excellency had requested him to look after the interests of this colony in Downing Street, relative to the Kowloon cession. I offered to prove this unseemly boast before the Council but I was pooh-poohed.",
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    {
        "id": 253575,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-086 - Sir Robinson - 1862 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 203,
        "title": "CO129-086 - Sir Robinson - 1862 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "# Daily Press\n## To the Editor of the \"Daily Press\"\n### HONGKONG, 15th October, 1861.\n\nYou will never rest until Dr. Bridges shall be brought to justice. The finding of the Council on the Civil Service abuses will stir up Chisholm Anstey, and I should not be surprised to see your threat carried out. Mr. Forth ably proved the existence of, shall be exterminated root and branch. You are clearly correct in your views. Your influence as a journalist is sufficiently strong to confound the evil doers and I therefore urge you to go on as you have been doing. You cannot be too abusive so long as you adhere to the strict truth. The names of Caine, Caldwell, Bridges, and Mercer stand out in bold relief as plumes in your helm. You have utterly unfurled them, but pray do not stop until you have destroyed them. As things improve these men will be deemed the more odious, and if they can but be kept down a little, affairs will improve rapidly you may depend.\n\nYou have run all the papers off the field but one, and really for all the influence it has that one may be said \"caving in.\" But I have said that you show signs of caring in as Jonathan Bays. You seem to think that because a demonstration is not made in your favor that therefore the community are indifferent to your services in running to the earth the abominable abuses which existed here. Believe me that you are very much mistaken. The support that your paper has received should surely be a convincing and tangible proof of the opinion of the community regarding your public services.\n\nAs for Mr. Alexander's qualification, why he was of old a protege of Colonel Caine and subsequently a mere creature of Dr. Bridges. He is Dr. Bridges' agent at this moment, holding his power of attorney. But what disgusts me with Mr. Alexander is this, He sat as acting Colonial Secretary at the very time Mr. Bay was taxing master on that Bill which Dr. Bridges got up as his revenge, Dr. B. was getting up a petition to Government to increase Mr A's salary. By all rules of fairness and etiquette, Mr. Forth should have been nominated--simply because he had a right to expect it, and therefore to disappoint him was to wound his feelings. His right to expect it consists in this-that upon the desk being vacant previously, Mr. Forth occupied it, and therefore to pass him over now is tantamount to telling the public that he did not acquit himself on the previous occasion to the satisfaction of the Government, which we all know is the reverse of the fact.\n\nI never read your article about it, neither do I think ten people in the Colony take that trouble. The fact is that the people here are sufficiently occupied with their own business with interfering with that of others. This Civil abuse affair is considered to be your business, and very properly so too. In the first instance, I in common with every one else thought that you had undertaken a vain task. As there is no use speaking to you when you have once taken a thing in your head, we all most supposed that when a surfeit of labor had driven off the novelty of the thing that you would back out and be laughed at.\n\nBut no--you have succeeded and certainly you deserve great credit. The nerve, tact, and perseverance which you have exhibited are beyond all praise. Certainly you could hardly expect that any one would have come forward to help you, when it was clear you were a safe winner.\n\nMr. Forth always was inimical to Dr. Bridges and his clique. It never would have done to have had him so near the Colonial Surgeon. Spur him not. He is a dirty dog. See how he behaved to the Governor at the present juncture of affairs.\n\nI do trust that you will not flinch a hair until the abuses you have denounced and so ably proved the existence of, shall be exterminated root and branch.\n\nYou have threatened over and over again that Dr. Bridges shall be brought to justice. I therefore consider Mr. Alexander's appointment as an insult to the Colony and as resulting entirely from Mr Mercer's underhand influence.\n\nThe finding of the Council is as you say most damning to Mr Mercer as much as to Mr Caldwell in my opinion. If Mr. M. did as you say meet Mr Caldwell at a banquet in the Masonic lodge, then he should be cut by all gentlemen.\n\nKeep that arrow in your quiver and spare not. So long as Mr. Mercer enjoys the influence he clearly possesses your labor is not lost.\n\nYour old friend\n\n### 16th October, 1861.",
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    {
        "id": 254440,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-088 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1862 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 72,
        "title": "CO129-088 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1862 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "## \n70.9 \nF \nWith such a paré it was imperative on us to struggle harder in proportion to the circumstances which \nAnd certainly rendered that part excusable, became entirely changed, because, although formerly our rights in China were at all times badly defined, it is certain that they were exclusively ours \nthat the absence of competition not only rendered them lucrative to us as if they had been firmly established, but also gave them a great appearance of dignity and solidity. These exclusive privilys, however, which by being so foolishly considered eternal prevented at that time a full acknowledgment of our rights, terminated at last inevitably, and the nations which quickly came to dispute with us the inexhaustible inheritance of this commerce, learned at their cost to establish their rights on a solid basis, some as we saw by force of arms, England and France doing lately, others by diplomacy and perseverance, Russia and the United States have done with no less energy. \nif it was because we held Buka that we saw we were in the last Western place in the relations of nations with China, it was absolutely necessary for us to obtain that which",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-088 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1862 [10-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 255516,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-090 - Public Offices & Others - 1862",
        "page_number": 228,
        "title": "CO129-090 - Public Offices & Others - 1862",
        "content_text": "It is not my desire to inflict upon Your Grace my views, or opinions upon this subject, at this stage of my correspondence--but having touched upon two points in my previous respects to Your Grace which will tend to illustrate what I have advanced, I deem it my duty to seize upon the opportunity afforded in having called Your Grace's attention to these points, to demonstrate my meaning for Your Grace's information. The points I allude to refer, first, to the partiality exhibited by the existing local administration towards Mr. Alexander, the present acting Colonial Secretary; and second, to the suppression of the Colonial Surgeon's reports for three years.\n\nThe root of all the evil which has occurred here is the secret underhand system, invented I may say, by Colonel Caine the late Lieut. Governor, and Mr. Mercer, the present Colonial Secretary elect, now absent in England.\n\nThe system amounted simply to this. Every act and intention of the local government was kept secret--most flagrant abuses prevailed, and the grossest mismanagement existed. Dispatches to Downing Street, the contents of which were kept a profound secret, were relied upon for exculpation. In fact the local government held themselves alone responsible to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, who could only judge by these secret despatches. I cannot illustrate how little reliance can be placed on these despatches better than by appending the charges which I made before the Executive Council against the late administration of this colony for deceiving by the means I have pointed out, H. M. Government. These charges although published on the minutes were refused to be entertained. I may further mention that the published report of the Council contains a large quantity of the despatches which the late administration had suppressed.\n\nThe municipal affairs of the Colony are entirely out of the control of the community, and are mismanaged by the local Government under the secret underhand system I have alluded to, to an extent so incredible that it would be in vain my attempting to ask Your Grace's credence to the facts which are patent to all out here. Your Grace is aware that the municipal affairs of this colony, comprise almost the entire functions of the local government. Nearly all the heads of departments are upon the Legislative Council, and it is hardly likely that they will meet to find fault with each other, especially when the smallest display of public spirit is, as I think I shall make it appear, deemed by the Governor a symptom of insubordination.\n\nWhen H. M. Government directed that non-official members should sit upon the Legislative Council of this Colony, the intention must have been to introduce a little of the popular element therein, and the same motive must clearly have dictated the advisability of admitting the Press to the Legislative sittings.\n\nNever was a liberal idea more utterly defeated. The non-official members of the Council are selected by His Excellency. The heads of the two eminent firms are selected as a prescriptive right, the third non-official member being entirely under their control. The two leading firms I allude to have such enormous wealth and influence that they have no sympathy whatever, but the reverse with the general community.\n\nThese non-official Councillors do not deem it becoming to appear in opposition to the wishes of the Governor. They desire to uphold above all things, the integrity and the supremacy of Her Majesty's authority: and although they could if they wished offer a serious obstacle to the will of the Governor, they feel such a course discourteous and therefore by all means to be eschewed. They carry their subservience so far that upon a late occasion when one of them (for the second time within my knowledge) proposed an amendment to a clause in an Ordinance, His Excellency the Governor would not allow the amendment to be put, and the Honorable Member submitted. As no Ordinance can be put except with the Governor's consent, Your Grace cannot fail to see that His Excellency's power is supreme.\n\nAs for the admission of the press, precisely the same remarks apply. It is true that since the privilege was granted the press have never been refused admittance, but if it be desired to exclude the reporters, the time of meeting has simply to be kept secret and the object is attained. Thus when His Excellency the Governor applied to the Council for a vote for furniture, (a grant the Council had no right to make) the press was excluded in the manner described. So also when the application was made for a general increase of the salaries of the officers of the Civil service, (the Colonial Surgeon's being decreased owing as is supposed to the tenor of his suppressed reports) was the press in like manner excluded. As the non-official members were of course privy to the secret, their subservience to the will of the Governor cannot be more forcibly illustrated than by the relation of this circumstance.\n\nTo proceed with my subject. It was upon Mr. Mercer's strong recommendation that Dr. Bridges was given acting employment in the service of the local Government. In the conduct of the abuses, which give rise to so much scandal, there really was little difference before and after Dr. Bridges' taking office. Mr. Mercer must have been as well aware of them, as I, or any other old resident was. Dr. Bridges being a lawyer in full practice, and a money lender besides, combined his public functions with his private business, and hence it came to pass that hidden matters came to the surface.\n\nThe finding of the Executive Council on the Civil Service abuses, I respectfully submit, is as condemnatory of Dr. Bridges as it is of Mr. Caldwell. As thus, it condemns Mr. Caldwell, first, for associating with a notorious pirate, and second, for having stated falsely on oath that some inmates of a brothel escaped into the private residence of Mr. May the superintendent of Police,-for having repeated the accusation (being well aware of its untruth,) before the Caldwell commission some five months afterwards, and again repeated it in a pamphlet which he published, called his Vindication.\n\nRegarding the first portion of the finding. When the papers of the pirate chief, whose intimate associate Mr. Caldwell had been, were seized, Mr. May, the superintendent of Police, officially informed Dr. Bridges, then acting Colonial Secretary, that the papers implicated Mr. Caldwell. Dr. Bridges garbled and threw discredit on this dispatch, and subsequently did his utmost to have Mr. May suspended as well as Mr. Anstey in fact he had all but succeeded, and his failing was simply the result of chance. Dr. Bridges and Mr. Caldwell had many business connexions together, and after the pirate chief was sentenced, Dr. B., who as acting Colonial Secretary, had a seat on the Executive Council, did his utmost to further Mr. Caldwell's endeavors, and but for another fortuitous circumstance, would have obtained a remission of the pirate's sentence. Dr. Bridges subsequently ordered the papers to be burnt, and then on his oath in the witness box in the libel case of the Queen v. Tarrant, stated that when he ordered those papers to be burnt he had no knowledge of any connexion between the pirate Chief and Mr. Caldwell. So much for the first portion of the finding.\n\nAs for the second portion-It was Dr. Bridges that forced Mr. Caldwell to utter the falsehood in the first instance about the women escaping into Mr. May's house. It turned out, that Sir John Bowring the Governor, had called upon Mr. Caldwell a day or two after the charge was made, to prove or retract it. Mr. Caldwell retracted it, and Dr. Bridges then acting Colonial Secretary, suppressed the retractation. Before the Caldwell Commission Dr. Bridges himself repeated the falsehood.\n\nThus far My Lord Duke every circumstance I have named as to both portions of the finding in relation to Dr. Bridges, was proved before the Executive Council at their sittings on the Civil Service abuses. One circumstance more remained to be proved--namely Dr. Bridges' connection with the pamphlet called the Vindication. The finding was not published until some months after it had been arrived at. Subsequently to its publication, I was prepared with evidence to show that Dr. Bridges had corrected the proofs of that pamphlet--but I was not allowed to bring forward the evidence.\n\nYour Grace must not suppose that either Mr. Caldwell's or Dr. Bridges' culpability is confined to these two delinquencies. The finding restricted the guilt of the former to these two points, and therefore I simply wish to show Your Grace that as far as the finding goes, Dr. Bridges is fully as culpable as Mr. Caldwell.\n\nHaving connected Dr. Bridges and Mr. Caldwell, I now proceed to show their connexion with Mr. Mercer. I should explain that the sittings of the Executive Council upon the Civil Service abuse Enquiry lasted over a period of ten months, and embraced about thirty sittings, many of which lasted the entire day. Not only had I to bring the charges and prove them, but as Mr Caldwell was allowed to be on his defence from first to last, I had almost perpetually to be combating the falsehoods and tutored evidence which he relied upon. It is impossible therefore, under such circumstances, that any man of ordinary intelligence placed in my position should not form impressions, amounting to convictions, as to what was the respective state of mind of each member of the Council. The Governor was repeatedly forcibly struck with the weight of evidence against the accused, as it was elicited, and more than once gave vent to his feelings in terms of indignant remonstrance. The Chief Justice at the commencement appeared difficult to convince, but as conviction stole over him his consistency to the last could hardly be mistaken. As for Mr. Mercer, his strong friendship and continual partisanship with Dr. Bridges were so notorious, that at the opening of the enquiry I strongly objected to his sitting on the Council. His ascendancy over the Governor was clearly supreme and it always appeared to me that His Excellency had been talked over, for at each meeting I had as it were to begin over again. From the first to the last I was never informed that I had proved one single point. Whenever Dr. Bridges' name appeared, Mr. Mercer came to the front-on one occasion a most damning fact against Dr. Bridges had come out which was omitted on the minutes, and Mr. Mercer opposed its insertion in the most determined manner, until I begged that my protest against the omission might be substituted. On this occasion Mr. Mercer pleaded in Dr. Bridges extenuation a conversation he had had with a special juryman who had sat in the case of the Queen v Tarrant. But for my own perseverance and the integrity of the Chief Justice I have a strong conviction that no finding ever would have been come to. As it was, after my patience had been severely taxed, the enquiry was stopped at the most important, and most easily proved charge, just at the point where the guilt of the accused had become so apparent as to make it evident, even to himself, that he could not longer remain in the public service, for he resigned.\n\nAfter Dr. Bridges' guilt had been proved, until the day he left the Colony. He boasted on the eve of his departure for England, (which occurred ere the close of the enquiry) that His Excellency had requested him to look after the interests of this colony in Downing Street, relative to the Kowloon cession. I offered to prove this unseemly boast before the Council but I was \"pooh-poohed.”\n\n226",
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    {
        "id": 259240,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-098 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 340,
        "title": "CO129-098 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "333\n\nb.\n\nthe b book. The strong flood tide had now swept us in too close for visibility (about 450 yards from the nearest junk) but observing that most of their round shot fell short of us, while their case shot were passing over, I anchored where I was.\n\nThe pirates fought with perseverance worthy of a better cause, but their guns were ill-served, and that hulled us five times, killing one man and wounding two, one very slightly and did not cause disabling mutil... I sank the junk. Going to the engaged Howitzer being dismounted after a few rounds, an inadequate supply of grape, and to our being little fortunate in our fuzes (the Moorsom's seldom burst on striking a junk's side), it was nearly 2 1/2 hours before I had possession of two of the junks for when the boats were away I can barely manage to fight the 68 Dr and the numerous junks. The fishing boats hovering about rendered it necessary to take instant possession when the pirates commenced to leave their guns. In three hours I had the three junks in quiet possession, with 19 prisoners.\n\nDuring the action the Dragon boat kept under our lee but seeing the boats taking possession of two of the junks, she ran in to board the ...",
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    {
        "id": 259986,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-100 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [9]",
        "page_number": 195,
        "title": "CO129-100 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [9]",
        "content_text": "Page 187\n\nI am not aware of this — Our Mr. Medlin late (W. in the R. E. Dept.) resigned his appointment by permission on obtaining a private appointment out here, but in his resignation forwarded through me, he especially stated that he would pay the expense of the passage of his relief out here, but this was not required by the Home authorities.\n\nThus to ...\n\nThis resignation also gave promotion in the Department; and I speak for the good of the Service when I state that such chances for prizes will naturally raise the standard and encourage the development of the abilities of all candidates for the Civil Branch of the R. E. Dept., and by this means ensuring to H.M. Government, a superior Class of public Servants; and with that view I would afford every facility for material benefit & progress to those reasonably deserving, provided it did not interfere with the due performance of their public duties.\n\nI do not think that in a Colony, or at-home, the system of protection as proposed by Mr. Storey will do public good.\n\nPrivate practitioners of ability & perseverance will work their way according to their merits; and it will be on their own merits that the Public, who is their employer, would judge — tact and undue protection would be unjust to the Public.\n\nAs far as regards the employment of Imperial Servants by the Colonial authorities it appears to be natural that punctual assistance should be afforded whenever necessary as long as it is not detrimental to the service on which the Claim is made.\n\nIn fact, Mr. Storey appears to consider that the Colonial government are not to make use of any advantages at their disposal by the temporary loans of Imperial Servants, but are to be obliged to use and pay \"private aspirants\" at higher rates whether they like it or not.\n\nIn any Colony, I consider, as C.R.E., I am bound to afford all assistance in my power through myself or my Department to the Government, whether Imperial or Colonial, consistent with the approval of the Major General or other Officer Commanding; and none of Mr. Storey's remarks give me reason to alter my opinion.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nLir,\n\nYour most obedient Servant,\n\nHampden Murray\n\nB. C. R. E. in China\n\nP. P. I enclose a more detailed statement of the employment of Clerks of Works R. E. D. by my Head Clerk of Works, who has now been in the Colony for some years. All ...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-100 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [9].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 262465,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-106 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1865 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 67,
        "title": "CO129-106 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1865 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "64 \n\nSchools, and I venture to hope that by perseverance and in the one course of time these obstacles may be overcome.\n\nIn compliance with instructions I beg to enclose Return (taken from the last Blue Book) Mission Schools which receive no aid from Government.\n\nI take the opportunity to forward an account of the recent distribution of prizes at a school under the Superintendence of the Reverend Father Raimondi of the Romish Mission, where others besides Chinese are educated. I listened with peculiar satisfaction to the concluding words of the Reverend Gentleman's address, as conveying a thorough and just appreciation of the Colony.\n\nI have the honour to be,  \nSir,  \nYour obedient Servant",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-106 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1865 [8-9].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 267741,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-117 - Public Offices - 1866",
        "page_number": 248,
        "title": "CO129-117 - Public Offices - 1866",
        "content_text": "the \n\nsubject will assist you in preparing case on the Chinese Govt by showing to them the importance attached thereto by H.M's Govt and the certainty that \"They will be held to the strict performance of their Treaty engagements in that respect: and further that the time You may expect from all the maritime Powers representations and remonstrances which may be hard to deal with, unless they wake up their minds to cooperate zealously for the suppression of the Taiping which affects China nearly as much, if not more than it does Foreign Powers under which it only requires activity and perseverance in the party the Chinese Authorities, and a readiness \n\nto avail themselves of the support of the Naval Forces of Foreign Powers effectually to put down the Rebellion.\n\n(Signed) Clarendon\n\nPage 246",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-117 - Public Offices - 1866.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 268125,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-118 - Public Offices - 1866",
        "page_number": 105,
        "title": "CO129-118 - Public Offices - 1866",
        "content_text": "113 Camden Sr\n\nCamden Town A. M.\n\nOct.\n\n9.\n\n1866.\n\nPutty\n\nT050S. Jrong tong\n\nRECEIVED\n\nOCT 31 1866\n\nRoyal Mint\n\n30th October 1866.\n\nGentlemen,\n\nI have much pleasure\n\nin bearing testimony to the high respectability of Mr. John Buray of Sebben S. Islington.\n\nI have known him for\n\nupwards of 15 years and during that\n\nperiod ever found him to be\n\npossessing integrity and honor, uprightness of principle, and honesty of worth -\n\nCombining habits of sobriety, order\n\nand perseverance. I respectfully solicit\n\nyour favorable consideration on his behalf.\n\nThe Master & Depy Master\n\nRoyal Mint\n\nI have the honor to be\n\nGentlemen,\n\nYour obedient servant\n\n(46) Sam Spong\n\nWith reference\n\nto my letter of the 16 Instant, recommending John Curry for the Appointment of Foreman Melter in the Mint at Hong Kong, I have now to inform you\n\nthat Curry has been induced to withdraw from the competition in consequence of circumstances mentioned in his note, of which a copy is enclosed.\n\n7. F. Elliot Esqr",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-118 - Public Offices - 1866.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 272181,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-127 - Public Offices - 1867",
        "page_number": 374,
        "title": "CO129-127 - Public Offices - 1867",
        "content_text": "## 2\n\nIn the event of the consul's perseverance in insisting upon this claim, you had probably better intimate to him, that until he has taken the ordinary legal steps to obtain the decision of the competent court, all further correspondence must be useless; that if he will not formally and legally make and support his claim, it cannot be considered as rejected; that the question is one of law, and not merely one of executive administration; and that until a competent court has fully heard and decided upon the claim suggested by the consul, it is impossible to know whether it legally exists or not. You may perhaps also suggest, that you are not aware that the Portuguese subjects suffer any serious hardship or practical inconvenience from the prevailing system, nor that they would derive any substantial advantage from the alteration now suggested. You may add, that if the consul were to establish his claim, he would be, as temporary administrator, subject and accountable to the colonial courts, and possibly exposed to much legal responsibility and annoyance; and, finally, you may observe, that the circular does not instruct the consul to advance the claim in question, and does not seem to apply specially to the colony, or extend to cases but those in which the consul is actually in the possession and exercise of the right suggested.\n\nThese topics, however, I merely suggest, in the event of your finding yourself, as I repeat, however, that you should as far as practicable decline all discussion with him upon the matter, leaving him to make such representations on the subject as he may think fit to his own Government.\n\n**Governor Wodehouse,**\n&c. &c.\n\n(Copy.)\n\n&c.\n\n## No. 3.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed) **NEWCASTLE**.\n\n## PROPOSED NOTE from Lord JOHN RUSSELL to Count PERSIGNY.\n\nM. L'AMBASSADEUR,\n\nForeign Office, June 1840. HER Majesty's Government have had under their consideration the question which had arisen at the Mauritius as to the liability of the French consul at that island to be summoned to appear before the law courts, and to produce the archives of his consulate, for the purpose of forwarding the ends of justice, which formed the subject of your Excellency's note of the 1st of August, and of Baron Malaret's note of the 23d of September of last year. And I have to acquaint your Excellency that the matter appears to Her Majesty's Government to be one in which they have no power whatever to interfere.\n\nThe French consul has no personal exemption from attendance in a court of justice in obedience to a subpœna. He should have attended, and stated his objection to produce his consular registers, and it would have been for the court to decide upon the validity of such objection.\n\nIt is impossible for Her Majesty's Government to interfere with its courts of justice, or the rules of procedure therein.\n\nThere is no rule of international law which entitles consuls to any diplomatic privileges, or any legal exemption from ordinary judicial process. They enjoy no such privileges by English law, and Her Majesty's Government have never insisted upon British consuls being entitled to such privileges or exemptions in France.\n\nIt is not of course practicable to lay down beforehand any positive rules as to the questions which a consul, when examined as a witness, may or may not be compelled to answer, or as to the documents which he may or may not be compelled to produce.\n\nEither he or one of the parties must formally object to such production, stating the grounds for such objections, and the court must decide upon the validity thereof.\n\nI have to add, however, that I understand that it is the intention of the judges of the Supreme Court at Mauritius to pass a rule of court, with a view of preventing the recurrence of questions similar to the one raised in the present instance by the French consul in that island.\n\n(Copy.)\n\n## No. 4.\n\n### (No. 83.)\n\n**Sir G. LEWIS to Governor Sir E. HEAD.**\n\n372 Downing Street, July 12, 1860. I HAVE to acknowledge your despatch No. 27, of the 29th March, enclosing for the consideration of Her Majesty's Government a **note verbale** placed in the hands of the Provincial Secretary by the French consul at Quebec.\n\nIt is in the opinion of Her Majesty's Government most unadvisable that the Canadian government should enter into any correspondence on this subject with the French consul, who should be informed that any representations which foreign consuls may have to make to British authorities on matters of this kind must be addressed through their respective governments to Her Majesty's Government. The very irregular course taken by M. Gauldrée Boilleau appears, on inquiry, to have been taken without the sanction or even knowledge of his own government.\n\nThat government, however, in disclaiming M. Boilleau's act, expressed their opinion that a French consul should be deemed entitled in British dominions to the following privileges:\n\n| Privileges |\n| --- |\n| (1.) Personal immunity, except in case of his committing any crime. |\n| (2.) Exemption from all national and municipal burdens or taxes, either direct or indirect. |\n| (3.) Exemption from all personal service in the militia or otherwise, as well as from having soldiers billeted on him. |\n| (4.) Permission to place over the door of his house the Imperial Arms, and to hoist the French flag. |\n\nHer Majesty's Government have replied, that they cannot grant to foreign consuls in the Queen's dominions any of the first three exemptions or immunities mentioned above, but that as no formal permission is required to enable a consul to display the arms or flag of his nation, every consul is at liberty to do as he pleases in this respect.\n\n**Governor Sir E. Head, Bart.,**\n&c.\n\n(Copy.)\n\n(No. 240.)\n\n&c.\n\n&c.\n\n## No. 5.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed) **G. C. LEWIS**,\n\n**Sir G. Lewis to Governor STEVENSON.**\n\nSIR,\n\nDowning Street, July 30, 1860. I HAVE to acknowledge your despatch No. 36, of the 29th of February last, requesting the instructions of Her Majesty's Government respecting the extent to which criminal jurisdiction may be exercised in Mauritius by foreign consuls.\n\nThe question has been referred to the law officers of the Crown, with whose advice I have to give you the following directions:\n\nForeign consuls have no legal power or right whatsoever to order or to authorize the arrest, detention, imprisonment, or punishment of any person whatsoever in any British prison or place of confinement, or to require or receive the assistance of the British authorities in carrying out within British jurisdiction any sentence or order, whether criminal or civil, which they may pronounce or issue, excepting in the case of desertion, and then only when, in accordance with the `Foreign Deserters Act, 1852`, 15th and 16th Victoria, Cap. 26., Her Majesty has issued an Order in Council relating to the particular government in question, and when the consul of such government may regularly apply to the competent magistrate, under the provisions of that statute and the Order in Council issued in accordance therewith.\n\nWith this exception, British officers have no authority to carry into effect the orders or sentences of foreign consuls, by arresting or confining in British custody any persons against whom those consuls may have assumed to pass criminal or quasi-criminal sentences; and all consuls, gaolers, and others concerned in proceedings of this nature will, in the opinion of the law officers of the Crown, incur a severe criminal and civil responsibility in any court of this country, and probably in any colonial court before which civil or criminal proceedings may be instituted by any party aggrieved.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-127 - Public Offices - 1867.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 273045,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-128 - Public Offices & Others - 1867",
        "page_number": 603,
        "title": "CO129-128 - Public Offices & Others - 1867",
        "content_text": "## A\n\nWe have observed, it is not in recognition of the many social excellencies for which you are distinguished that we have to-day met here; our first object in thus assembling together, is anxiety to tell you that in our opinion, this colony owes much, very much, of her surprising and gratifying progress, the last three-and-twenty years, to the untiring energy with which throughout that period you have always upheld and promoted her best interests. A settlement not much better than an uninhabited rock witnessed your advent to these shores; a populous and handsome city looks grave at your departure. We are very well aware, Sir, in what large measure this result has been obtained by your zeal and intelligence; and we say this with a hearty desire to at the same time fully recognize the very able services of those gentlemen whose duties you have sometimes aided and sometimes administered. We thank you for what you have done; we are glad that we can remember you as one that has held the chief reins of power; and whilst we acknowledge the sound decision which at present guides this Government, we confess it was with disappointment we learned that your tenure of the office of her Majesty's representative would not be otherwise than brief.\n\nDuring your stay amongst us you have borne the burden and heat of the day, and we are to-day proud to be allowed to thus publicly testify to the unswerving consistency and the steadfast perseverance which have throughout characterized your career.\n\nWe trust, when your health may be sufficiently restored, that your long and faithful services in this Colony will procure for you another field wherein to display your talents and your administrative capacity, and we beg to be allowed to subscribe ourselves,--Your friends and well-wishers,\n\n| Name | \n| --- | \n| James Whittall | \n| John Dent | \n| J. McDouall | \n| W. Jackson | \n| V. Kresser | \n| H. B. Gibb, per J. P. D. | \n| J. P. Duncanson | \n| W. H. Gibb, per J. P. D. | \n| W. R. Dalziel | \n| John Fraser | \n| J. F. Holliday | \n| R. Rowett | \n| E. A. Hitchcock | \n| Wm. Nielson | \n| Geo. F. Weller | \n| W. C. Hunter | \n| E. Cunningham | \n| W. H. Forster, jun. | \n| M. Fischer | \n| G. Overbeck | \n| W. Nissen | \n| E. Delbanco | \n| W. Kaye | \n| Geo. Helland | \n| F. Menke | \n| M. Mcg. Heaton | \n| John Lapraik | \n| R. Parr | \n| G. Anderson | \n| H. Lemann | \n| W. B. Taylor | \n| E. H. Pollard | \n| John C. Whyte | \n| James Russell | \n| W. Wilson | \n| L. D'Almada e Castro | \n| Geo. L. Tomlin | \n| J. M. D'Almeda e Castro | \n\n## B 2 \n601",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-128 - Public Offices & Others - 1867.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 273753,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-130 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 14,
        "title": "CO129-130 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "I am not able to nominate any candidates - But I thought he'd live to apply to the Principal for the situation at the Normal School. Haughany, who appears in the papers where he was a pupil last year, has the whole of his intellectual calibre and his letter of qualifications to get some further insight into his calibre. \"The Leigh reports are favourable. I have known him as a Teacher and Master, and always thought highly of his capacities and abilities. The son is a person of \"good ability\" and steady perseverance, very likely to apply.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-130 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [4-5].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 278901,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-138 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [6-7]",
        "page_number": 470,
        "title": "CO129-138 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [6-7]",
        "content_text": "467/\n\nA person who had altogether studied the case in all its bearings more attentively was sent by me to the Consul at Canton to watch and assist in the proceedings and to prove the identity of the links and the watch. I fully expected likewise that he would be invited to make suggestions for bringing together the various witnesses and combining the evidence from different points.\n\n13. Unquestionably Mr. Drave is at this moment the person who can most usefully assist by his advice, independent of the direct evidence which he can give. Nevertheless, he has been compelled to return without a chance of communicating with the Authorities and making his testimony available in the case because Mr. Robertson has distinctly refused him any facility for doing so, on the ground that the business appertains to the Consulate and Mr. Deane \"has charge at Canton.\"\n\n14. I am about to earnestly request Mr. Robertson to reconsider the attitude which he so rigidly assumes, and I sincerely hope that he may be induced to adopt a course more likely to promote the ends of justice. I confess, however, that notwithstanding all the clues obtained by patience and perseverance, and which with ordinary tact ought to be leading to a successful issue...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-138 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [6-7].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 281021,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 60,
        "title": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "(56)\n\nGovernor, in February, One thousand Eight hundred and Sixty-seven, none who were then present could have anticipated that its completion and formal opening would be inaugurated under the gracious auspices of the first British Prince who has ever visited the distant East.\n\nThis happy termination of their labours will more than compensate the Committee for the many difficulties, delays, and disappointments with which they have had to contend in bringing the arduous undertaking to a successful conclusion.\n\nYour Royal Highness has been graciously pleased to accede to our request, and formally to open an Institution which we sincerely hope will prove a permanent benefit to the residents of Hongkong.\n\nWe can already boast of a Library, recently formed, and which, though not very extensive, contains several very valuable works upon the East, and that portion of it especially with which we have most to do: the Museum we trust will soon be filled with choice and curious specimens of the natural and artificial productions of the vast Empire on the borders of which we are situated; while provision has been made in the Theatre and the Ball-room for the amusement of the Residents and our numerous Visitors.\n\nThe building itself may fairly be said to constitute one of the greatest ornaments of the City of Victoria, and will long redound to the honour of the Architects by whom it was designed and completed.\n\nYour Royal Highness has but just arrived from a visit to Australia, where you have seen what British energy and perseverance have achieved in its vast and flourishing Colonies, and still more recently you must have been struck by the contrast presented by the peculiar habits and manners of the Japanese and Chinese. Your reception everywhere has been gratifying; and though the Colony of Hongkong is more remote from England than almost any other of her possessions, and is in extent perhaps the least, its residents yield to none in fervent loyalty to the Crown, and warm attachment to the Royal Family. We all feel grateful for the visit you have paid to Hongkong, and in particular the City Hall Committee again tender their warm thanks to you for honouring this ceremonial with your presence. We shall long look back with pleasure to this auspicious day, and earnestly pray that Your Royal Highness may be blessed with health, long life, and prosperity.\n\n(Signed),\n\nW. KESWICK, for the City Hall Committee.\n\n(57)\n\nReply of His Royal Highness.\n\nGENTLEMEN, It is with mingled feelings of gratification at the duty which I have been called upon to undertake, and admiration of the magnificent structure which is before me, that I have complied with your invitation to inaugurate this building.\n\nIt is my most earnest prayer that this beautiful hall may realize all the expectations of its promoters, and continue throughout the great future of this Colony a source of permanent and ever increasing prosperity.\n\nI shall never cease to rejoice that I have been enabled to visit this distant portion of the British Empire, and to become acquainted with a people of whom I shall carry back with me the most pleasing recollections.\n\nI thank you for your kind wishes on my behalf, and for the expressions of your loyalty to the Crown and warm attachment to the Royal Family.\n\nTo the City Hall Committee.\n\n(Signed),\n\nALFRED.\n\nThe Address from the Clergy of Hongkong.\n\nTo His Royal Highness ALFRED ERNEST ALBERT, Duke of Edinburgh, K.G., K.T., &c., &c., &c.\n\nMay it Please Your Royal Highness:\n\nWe, the undersigned, the Archdeacon, Clergy, and Ministers of Religion, British subjects of Hongkong, beg to approach your Royal Highness for the purpose of giving expression to those feelings of loyalty and attachment which we entertain towards the Throne, Person, and Family of our Sovereign Lady Queen Victoria.\n\nIt is, at the same time, a source of much pleasure to us to have this opportunity of tendering to Your Royal Highness a most cordial Welcome on the occasion of the visit of Your Royal Highness to this distant Dependency of the British Crown.\n\nThe Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of the Diocese who is now in England, also wishes us to express to Your Royal Highness his great\n\nPage 59\n\nPage 60\n\nPage 61",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 282614,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-146 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 252,
        "title": "CO129-146 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "## Testimonial from CYPRIEN HERMODAN EUGÈNE DUPUY\n\nrom CYPRIEN HERMODAN EUGÈNE DUPUY, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, Senior Police and Stipendiary Magistrate, Port Louis, and late District Magistrate, Grand Port.\n\nSenior Stipendiary Magistracy, Port Louis, Mauritius, March 16th, 1869.\n\nHaving been requested to record my testimony in favor of the abilities and character of Mr. Rice, I have much pleasure in stating that during the three years he commanded the Police of the District of Grand Port under my Magistracy, he conducted the functions of his office in a most efficient and praiseworthy manner.\n\nWhether in discharging the more active portion of his duties, in harassing and routing bands of robbers located in the District, or in patiently tracking the footsteps of the more secret criminals, his indefatigable zeal and exertions were at all times conspicuous.\n\nMr. RICE succeeded in bringing to trial and conviction several murderers in cases of so difficult a nature that only the most unremitting perseverance could hope for success.\n\nHis knowledge of the Criminal Laws enabled him to perform the duties of Public Prosecutor in an equally effective manner.\n\nI cannot omit reference to his great humanity and to his services in visiting and succouring the sick during the frightful fever which prevailed in 1867 and 1868.\n\nTo these qualifications, I may add that the firmness of character and gentlemanly bearing inherent in Mr. Rice commanded general respect.\n\n**EUGÈNE DUPUY**, Police Magistrate and Senior Stipendiary Magistrate, Port Louis.\n\n246\n\n## Address from Planters of Grand Port\n\nGRAND PORT, March 9th, 1869.\n\nTo T. FITZ-ROY RICE, Esq., Inspector of Police, Grand Port.\n\nSIR,-We, the undersigned Planters of the District, beg to express the deep regret with which the rumours of your approaching departure has filled us; and, at the same time, gratefully to acknowledge our high appreciation of the tact, the courtesy, the equity, and zeal displayed by you in the exercise of your difficult and delicate functions as Inspector of Police of the District.\n\nThe zealous and conscientious manner in which you have discharged these duties reflect alike honour to your own character and credit to the Force to which you belong.\n\nWith every wish for the future happiness and prosperity of yourself and Mrs. RICE.\n\nWe have the honour of being your very obedient Servants,\n\n(Signed)\n\n| Name | Location |\n| --- | --- |\n| A. Vallet | Gros Bois |\n| A. Rochecouste | Beau Vallow |\n| D. Rochecouste | Riche en Eau |\n| A. Pierrot | Savinia |\n| Jbs. Chauvin, fils | Mon Tresor |\n| E. Hart | Plaisance |\n| J. Samouillan et Ce. | Union Pk. |\n| J. Coutanceau | Ferney |\n| J. Le Vieux et Ce | Sauve Terre |\n| Th. Thierry | Mon Desert |\n| A. C. Macpherson | Clany |\n| H. Portal | Anse Jaunché |\n| A. Dauban | Beau Vallow D. |\n| Al. de Montille | La Rosa |\n| Az de Montille | Beau Ford |\n| Casterès | Ville Neuve |\n| V. Descombes | Union Vale |\n| C. Pellegrin | Rose Belle |\n| F. Périchon | La Baraque |\n| G. Lousier Aine | Ferney |\n| F. Rondeaux | Virginia |\n| A Pougnet | New Grove |\n| Talouette | Mon Tresor |\n| E. Marquay | Deux Brass |\n| V. Lomerle | River Creole |\n| V. Iamarque | Astrac |\n| G. Virrieux | Bambous |\n| O. Chevreaux | Virginia |\n| B. Chéron | Petit Sable |\n| A. de Bissey | Plaisance |\n| W. Mackintosh | Cluny |\n| Dumontel | Gros Bois |\n| L. Castel | Bonne Source |\n| C. Vallet | Gros Bois |\n| E. Lemasson | Mou Desert |\n| J. Feyd Herb | Joli Bois |\n| R. Rocherouste | La Forêt |\n| L. Kochocouste | Cent Gaulettes |\n| J. Chéron | Petit Sable |\n| A. Maurice | Eau Bleu |\n| V. de Robillard | Esculier |\n| J. de Robillard |  |\n| E. Bigara | Plaisance |\n| D'Argent | Beau Vallon |\n| Dupavillon |  |\n| A. Mollières | Frou d'Eau |\n| G. Lamusse | Plaine Magnien |\n| C. Morin | Beau Vallou |\n| G. Pemerle | Belle Vue |\n| E. Auffray | Petit Sable |\n| Guilbert | Beau Vallon |\n\n## Letter from MAHEBOURG\n\nMAHEBOURG, March 25th, 1869.\n\nTo T. FITZ-ROY RICE, Esq., Inspector of Police,\n\nSIR, We understand that the Planters of the district have availed themselves of the knowledge of your approaching departure to present you with an Address, expressing the sentiments this information inspired.",
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        "id": 284868,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-150 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1871 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 312,
        "title": "CO129-150 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1871 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "## 308\n\n8. The first or highest class was examined in ten subjects,—Algebra, Arithmetic, Chemistry, Dictation, English Composition, Geography, Geometry, Grammar, Translation from Chinese into English, and Translation from English into Chinese. The total number of marks assigned to the subjects was 780, and the marks gained by the first six on the list were respectively 688, 669, 669, 655, 643, and 633. After these, nine gained over 500, six over 400, and four over 360 marks.\n\n9. The other classes were examined on the same subjects,—Algebra, Chemistry, and Geometry excepted, these being confined, at present, exclusively to the senior class. The general result of the examinations, previously referred to, must suffice, in this Report, for indicating the way in which these classes passed.\n\n10. The Chemistry class, after a full year's experience, can now be reported on with some confidence. The course for the year embraced the most important of the non-metallic elements. No text-book has as yet been used and it is a doubtful point whether one should be used, because the oral instruction given both ensures attention on the part of the class and is also a test of their knowledge of English, the only language which is spoken. The class has been conducted in this way. On Saturday, a lesson is given with experiments. On Monday, the boys bring in English an account of what they have heard and seen, an exercise which serves the double purpose of fixing the lesson on their minds and of practising them in composition. In the course of the week, an hour is devoted to oral examination on the last, and a revisal of the preceding, subjects. There can be no hesitation in saying that this part of the school work is thoroughly enjoyed and, if one may judge by the papers written at the examination, not unprofited by.\n\n11. The three junior classes are now taught the elements of Music, but this has been too lately introduced to permit of any report on the progress made. One lesson of one hour a week is all that has yet been attempted, although it is very questionable if such short time gives either class or subject fair play. At the same time, it is impossible at the Central School, where a language has to be acquired, to give the same time to such subjects as is given in schools where only one language is required of the scholars and that their mother-tongue.\n\n12. Drawing will be commenced in the three senior classes as soon as the materials arrive from England. There will then be an extra subject for each of the English masters,—for the Head Master chemistry, for the Second Master drawing, and for the Third Master music. I need not say that these will be treated strictly as extra subjects. Nothing must be allowed to interfere with or, at least, to impede the learning of English.\n\n17. The school-fees for the year amounted to $1,791.65, of which the sum of $1,460.75 was paid into the Treasury, and $240.90, being the fees paid by the Preparatory Class, went to the pay...\n\n18. There only remains, under this division, to acknowledge, on behalf of the school in general and of successful scholars in particular, the liberality of the Honourable C. C. SMITH, Dr. MURRAY, Mr. HAYLLAR, Mr. GERRARD, Mr. WAI KWONG, and Mr. KWOK CHEUNG, who added so largely to the Prize Fund.\n\nWhile there is, no doubt, a good deal of hard work on the part of the boys, due to a desire for respectable and lucrative employment, the incentive to diligence produced by the valuable prizes which are given annually is of the most marked character. It is gratifying to be able to state that, next year, the list of donors will be considerably increased. These and others of the community would add greatly to their kindness by coming and making personal experience of what the boys can do. It is matter of regret that while so many give liberally, so few care to come and judge of the school for themselves. This is not said from any desire to parade the school, than which nothing could be more distasteful, but it is not unnatural to wish that the public knew exactly what an institution is worth which needs so large a sum of the public money for its support.\n\n19. The Village Schools, which are free schools supported entirely by Government, are twelve in number. They stand in the following order of efficiency, as tested by an examination of each school.\n\n| Rank | School Name |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1. | Stanley |\n| 2. | Sai-ying Pún, (Pún-ti.) |\n| 3. | Girls' School |\n| 4. | Bowrington |\n| 5. | Sai-ying Pin, (Hak-ka.) |\n| 6. | Webster's Crescent |\n| 7. | Tang-lung Chau, (Pún-ti.) |\n| 8. | Aberdeen |\n| 9. | West End |\n| 10. | Tang-lung Chau, (Hak-ka.) |\n| 11. | Wong nai Chung |\n| 12. | Shán-ki Wán |\n\n20. These, as has been said in previous Reports, are Chinese schools, pure and simple. Chinese books alone are used and the mode of instruction is such as would be found in any native village school in China. But, this has been too often noticed to need repetition.\n\n21. The great aim in the supervision of these schools is to see that what is taught is taught methodically and well, that regularity, and especially punctuality, be attended to, and that cleanliness be not forgotten. It would perhaps be difficult to fix any precise amount of improvement from one year to another; but, on looking back over the last nine years, evidences of progress are not wanting. The Chinese are very slow to appreciate anything which is not precisely as they are accustomed to it, and in nothing is their conservatism so apparent as in education. Foreigners may know something of other matters, especially if they have reference to trade, but, in the matter of education, the dullest villager and the most ignorant boat-woman loudly proclaim their superiority, without the slightest suspicion of its being questioned. They know exactly what books their children are to read, and when and how they are to be read, the opinion of all foreigners to the contrary notwithstanding.\n\n13. The number of boys other than Chinese is gradually increasing and, in a few years, will necessitate another master and an additional class-room. There are now 5 English, 2 Portuguese, 2 Japanese, and 14 Indian boys. The number of half-caste boys, too, has lately increased considerably. With this difference, that they are of a livelier temperament, owing probably to a less restrained up-bringing, and that they can enunciate more easily and clearly than their Chinese school-fellows, due no doubt to their being accustomed from their infancy to the jargon which passes for English here, there is not much to distinguish them from those of purely Chinese descent.\n\n14. In the course of the year, 95 boys left school. Of these, 40 are in business, some as interpreters, some as clerks, some as assistant compradores, some as assistants in Chinese shops, some as brokers, printers, and so on. Some have gone to California, some to Japan, others to Tientsin, Shanghai, Foochow, Canton, Macao, Saigon, Annam, and Bombay, while 25 remain in Hongkong at Tang-lung Chau, and at the Pún-ti school at Sai-ying Pún.\n\n22. The school buildings are good and suitable, except those at Bowrington and Stanley. I had hoped to see these two re-appear on the Estimates. A new school-house at Stanley is greatly needed, but one at Bowrington is an absolute necessity, as has been pointed out on previous occasions. The number of scholars taught at the school, during the year, was 92. The highest number on the roll, on any one month, was 76, the lowest 56, and 63 was the average for the year. Yet this large number has to be accommodated in the upper floor of a small, low-roofed, ill-ventilated, Chinese house. I cannot forego this opportunity of, once more, calling the attention of the Government to the necessity of proceeding with the erection of the proposed school-house at Bowrington.\n\n23. Three masters died in the course of the year,—those at Shau-ki Wán, at the Hak-ka school at Tang-lung Chau, and at the Pún-ti school at Sai-ying Pún. The last had been a Government school-master for upwards of ten years and had always a very good school. There was one dismissal, that of the master at Sháu-ki Wán, the predecessor of the one that died. This has always been a wretched school as regards attendance. It was thought advisable, as the Hak-kas showed so little appreciation of it, to allow the Pún-tis a chance, but last year's experience does not inspire much confidence as to the benefit of the change. The schools at Aberdeen and Wong-nai Ch'ung are continual sources of disappointment, but they are good schools when compared with the one at Sháu-ki Wán.\n\n24. The Pún-ti school at Tang-lung Chau, after being for many years at the head of the Village Schools, has lately been very unfortunate. No fewer than three masters have died within the short period since the new school was opened. Other masters of the school have had long periods of serious illness, and several of the scholars have died. As death after death occurs, the superstitious fears of the children are increased and the withdrawals become more and more numerous. There is no apparent remedy for this, but a change for the better is greatly desiderated.\n\n15. There is nothing special to report in connection with the Chinese classes. They are three in number and under three very competent masters. The same time is devoted to Chinese as to English, that is, four hours a day to each. Every effort is made, by weekly revisals and occasional examinations, to ensure as much attention to this part of the work as to that of the English classes; and this is the more necessary, as a good deal of latent opposition has to be encountered in the teaching of Chinese in the school. The people have very deeply rooted notions of their own as to the selection of masters and the number of scholars whom one master should teach; and teaching by classes, while admitted to be very good in the teaching of English is declared to be altogether unsuitable for the teaching of Chinese. Patience and perseverance will enable the school to outlive those prejudices.\n\n16. The Preparatory Class, which was established to secure a certain knowledge of both English and Chinese before admission into the regular classes, has given proof of the usefulness which was expected of it. The master-ship of this class is given as a reward to one of the best scholars taught in the school. Under him, the boys learn the elements of reading, writing, and arithmetic, as a preparation for the English classes; and, under one of the Chinese masters, who take this class alternately, they are prepared for the Chinese classes.\n\n25. The Schools in receipt of Grants-in-aid are now 11 in number. Five were added during the year. These are the schools at Shek Shán, Hok Uu, Yan-ma Ti, Ma-t'au Ch'ang, and the Hak-ka School at T'o-kwa Wán. The whole may be arranged in the following order:\n\n| Rank | School Name |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1. | Ap-li Chau |\n| 2. | Ma-t'au Ts'ün |\n| 3. | T'o-kwa Wán, (Hak-ka.) |\n| 4. | Little Hongkong |\n| 5. | Ma-t'an Ch'ung |\n| 6. | Mong Kok |\n| 7. | Yau-ma Ti |\n| 8. | Hok Ün |\n| 9. | Hung Hom |\n| 10. | T'o-kwa Wán |\n| 11. | Shek Shán |",
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        "id": 290072,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-161 - Public Offices - 1872",
        "page_number": 236,
        "title": "CO129-161 - Public Offices - 1872",
        "content_text": "Testimonial from Lt. Henry\n\nPresident of Juen's College\n\nBelfast.\n\n231\n\nAs I have not the advantages possessed by the Professors of this College of knowing the exact position and acquirements of the students who have studied in their classes, I make it a rule when applied to for testimonials to ask the applicants for their certificates and also for a return from the Registrar of the College regarding them. I am happy to find that the estimate I had formed of Dr Lamb Johnstone is fully sustained by my investigation of his merits. After the sound training he has had in this College and in the Schools of Anatomy, Surgery, and Hospitals of General Diseases and Accidents taken in connection with his invariable industry, perseverance, and success, I cannot but regard him as very highly qualified to prosecute with much credit and advantage the various branches of his profession: And when I connect with this the fact attested in his papers that he assisted Lt. J. Horne of Learboard in General Practice with the cordial approbation of that gentleman for fifteen months, I feel no hesitation in expressing a very strong opinion regarding Lt. Johnstone's competency and excellent ability. He possesses what ought to be, good sense and a very pleasing address, and I know that his character and conduct have been most exemplary.\n\n(Signed) P. Shuldham Henry, D.D., M.R.I.A.\n\nPresident, Queen's College, Belfast.",
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    {
        "id": 290133,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-161 - Public Offices - 1872",
        "page_number": 297,
        "title": "CO129-161 - Public Offices - 1872",
        "content_text": "Land\n\nあま\n\nrom CYPRIEN HERMODAN EUGÈNE DUPUY, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, Senior Police and Stipendiary Magistrate, Port Louis, and late District Magistrate, Grand Port.\n\nSenior Stipendiary Magistracy, Port Louis, Mauritius, March 16th, 1869.\n\nHaving been requested to record my testimony in favor of the abilities and character of Mr. RICE, I have much pleasure in stating that during the three years he commanded the Police of the District of Grand Port under my Magistracy, he conducted the functions of his office in a most efficient and praiseworthy manner.\n\nWhether in discharging the more active portion of his duties, in harassing and routing bands of robbers located in the District, or in patiently tracking the footsteps of the more secret criminals, his indefatigable zeal and exertions were at all times conspicuous.\n\nMr. Rice succeeded in bringing to trial and conviction several murderers in cases of so difficult a nature that only the most unremitting perseverance could hope for success.\n\nHis knowledge of the Criminal Laws enabled him to perform the duties of Public Prosecutor in an equally effective manner.\n\nI cannot omit reference to his great humanity and to his services in visiting and succouring the sick during the frightful fever which prevailed in 1867 and 1868.\n\nTo these qualifications, I may add that the firmness of character and gentlemanly bearing inherent in Mr. RICE commanded general respect.\n\nEUGÈNE DUPUY, Police Magistrate and Senior Stipendiary Magistrate, Port Louis.\n\nTES IN LS 292\n\nAddurru burented to MR. T. FITZ-ROY RICE.\n\nGRAND PORT, March 9th, 1869.\n\nTo T. FITZROY RICE, Esq., Inspector of Police, Grand Port. SIR,--We, the undersigned Planters of the District, beg to express the deep regret with which the rumours of your approaching departure has filled us; and, at the same time, gratefully to acknowledge our high appreciation of the tact, the courtesy, the equity, and zeal displayed by you in the exercise of your difficult and delicate functions as Inspector of Police of the District.\n\nThe zealous and conscientious manner in which you have discharged these duties reflect alike honour to your own character and credit to the Force to which you belong.\n\nWith every wish for the future happiness and prosperity of yourself and Mrs. RICE. We have the honour of being your very obedient Servants,\n\n(Signed)\n\nA. Vallet, Gros Bois; A. Rochecouste, Beau Vallow; D. Rochecouste, Riche eu Fau; A. Pierrot, Savinia; Jbs. Chauvin, fils, Mon Tresor; E. Hart, Plaisance: J. Samonillan et Ce., Union Pk.; J. Coutanceau, Ferney; J. Le Vieux et Ce., Sauve Terre; Th. Thierry, Mon Desert; A. C. Macpherson, Cluny; H. Portal, Anse Jaunché; A. Dauban, Beau Vallow D., Al. de Montille, Ja Rosa; Az de Montille, Beau Ford; Casterès, Ville Neuve; V. Descombes, Union Vale; C. Pellegrin, Rose Belle; F. Périchon, La Baraque; G. Lousier Aine, Ferney; F. Rondeaux, Virginia; A Pougnet, Now Grove; Lalouette, Mon Tresor; E. Marquay, Deux Brass; V. Lemerle, River Creole; V. Lamarque, Astrae; G. Virricux, Bambous; O. Chevreaux, Virginia; B. Chéron, Petit Sable; A. de Bissoy, Plaisance; W. Mackintosh, Cluny; Dumontel, Gros Bois; L. Castel, Bonne Source; C. Vallet, Gros Bois; E. Lemasson, Mon Desert; J. Feyd Herb, Joli Bois; R. Rochecouste, La Forêt; L. Rochecouste, Cent Gaulettes; J. Chéron, Petit Sable; A. Maurice, Eau Bleu; V. de Robillard, L'Esculier; J. de Robillard, E. Bigara, Plaisance; D'Argent, Beau Vallon; Dupavillon; A. Mollières, Frou d'Eau; G. Lamusse, Plaine Maguien, C. Morin, Beau Vallon; G. Pemerle, Belle Vue; E. Anffray, Petit Sable; Guilbert, Beau Vallon.\n\nMAHEBOURG, March 25th, 1869.\n\nTo T. FITZ-ROY RICE, Esq., Inspector of Police.\n\nSIR,--We understand that the Planters of the district have availed themselves of the knowledge of your approaching departure to present you with an Address, expressing the sentiments this information inspired.",
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    {
        "id": 291160,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-163 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 327,
        "title": "CO129-163 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "FROM MESSRS. MARTIN & FENWICK, CIVIL ENGINEERS AND SURVEYORS, LEEDS.\n\nPARK PLACE,\n\nLEEDS, August 5th, 1872.\n\nTo the Chairman of Quarter Sessions, North Riding of Yorkshire.\n\nSIR,\n\nWe have much pleasure in giving our testimony to the fitness of MR. WILLIAM DANBY for the vacant office of Surveyor of Bridges for the North Riding.\n\nWe have known him for several years as an assistant with Mr. Filliter of this town, and have met him frequently at the New Reservoirs in the Washburn Valley, where he has been employed for some time in superintending the works, under Mr. Filliter. We have had opportunities of observing his methodical habits, and the steady perseverance with which he discharges the duties entrusted to him, and we are able to say, that he possesses these qualities in an eminent degree. He has been trained in a good school, and has had good practical experience in the exercise of his professional duties.\n\nWe have reason to believe that his abilities are of a superior order, and that his personal character is unimpeachable, and we can, with confidence, recommend him to the Justices as being well qualified for the office he seeks at their hands.\n\nWe have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYours very obediently,\n\nMARTIN & FENWICK.\n\n323",
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    {
        "id": 291882,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-164 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 561,
        "title": "CO129-164 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "558\n\n8. As has been often repeated in these Reports, no one who has not had actual experience among the schools could believe what difficulties have to be encountered in connection with them. These difficulties are not to be removed by any ordinary means, for they originate almost entirely from ignorance, from prejudice, and not infrequently from something worse. A firm determination to bear the people, in the faith that good must ultimately accrue from an attempt to protect the children from the misfortune of the parents is almost the only motive for perseverance that can be supposed to exist.\n\n9. These Annual Reports have also contained repeated references to the kind of education imparted in these village schools. It is needless to repeat that, at best, it comes far short of anything which would be dignified with the name of education in the West. Still, it has been that or nothing since the establishment of the schools; and, although a hope has been cherished that the present state of things would soon give place to a better, no opportunity for the realization of the hope has occurred until now.\n\n10. How far the experiment will be successful, it is impossible to say; but if the Government is prepared to sanction it, it will now be made. The school-master at Aberdeen has allowed his school so to dwindle away both in numbers and in efficiency, that it will be necessary to make an application for his removal. That granted, his place will be filled by the lad who proved himself the best scholar in the Central School at the recent examinations.\n\n11. The school will then be conducted on the plan of the Central School. One half the day will be devoted to English, and the other half to Chinese. English books will be read as a means of imparting knowledge in subjects which there is no hope of ever having taught in the Chinese Language by the present class of masters. Chinese books will also be read, because no attempt will be made to denationalize the boys.\n\n12. If this plan succeeds, the children of Aberdeen will, before long, know something of, at least, Arithmetic and Geography, in addition to the very laudable aphorisms about \"Benevolence and Righteousness,\" which are at present so drearily dinned into their ears. Committed to memory with a facility which is marvellous, and retained there with an equally surprising tenacity, these sayings of the sages may be ever ready on the tongue; but for all purposes of information, and of education in its strictest sense, they are, for such young children as we have at our village schools, practically useless. The children, certainly, learn to read and write; but, with the exception of a few boys in the best of the schools, this is all the good that is ever gained, if we except the opportunities for mischief which are avoided by confinement in school.\n\n13. The difficulties which underlie this scheme are these. The teacher's knowledge of his own language will be ignored by many, and undervalued by all. His knowledge of English will, with some, be a fit subject for contempt. His youth will expose him to no little interference on the part of the old people in the village, and, greatest difficulty of all, it may be a serious drawback, as regards character and conduct, to the prosperity of the school. As matters now stand, the Inspector of Schools cannot exercise that constant supervision which he could do before the establishment of the Central School. Unless, therefore, the young teacher has force of character enough to keep himself straight, the consequences to this experiment may be very disastrous.\n\n14. It is not now for the first time that this plan for the gradual supersession of the present masters has been thought of. Hitherto, lads who would have taken the posts were not such as could have been trusted in them, and those who could have taken them were always able to command higher remuneration for their services elsewhere, than could have been given them as teachers. It so happens that, at present, everything bids fair for a first attempt, and, if it should ultimately fail, we might do worse than revert to Confucius for another decade. If, on the other hand, it succeeds, it will be the commencement of a new educational era in the Colony.\n\n15. The Central School has made another rapid advance in numbers. It has far outgrown the limits of the present building, and not of that only, but of the teaching power of the present staff of masters. A hope was expressed in last Report that another year would see a more commodious and suitable building in course of construction. If increased accommodation and an additional English master were necessary then, still more so are they necessary now. Last year showed very plainly the effects which result from even the temporary absence of one of the masters. Certain subjects had to remain in abeyance, and the masters on duty were overworked. If anything should happen which would necessitate the prolonged absence of one of the English masters, the only course that could be adopted would be a reduction of the numbers. This is too serious a step to contemplate. There is no help, therefore, but to bring the subject once more to the notice of the Government, and beg for it the consideration which it deserves.\n\n16. If a new building and additional masters were obtained, the Central School might be made to supply all the educational wants of the Colony. That the Chinese alone are not the only persons who need such a school is yearly becoming more and more evident. Last year, there were no fewer than 88 boys of other nationalities at the school, and that number might be considerably increased. As long as these boys formed only a mere fraction in each of the classes, their presence interfered but little with the ordinary routine of the school; but now that their importance is increasing with their numbers, and our duty to them is as imperative as that to the Chinese, another arrangement of classes is absolutely necessary to secure to them the education which they require. As, however, this is a subject which was relegated to a committee appointed for the purpose on behalf of the community, it would be trenching on their duties to discuss this subject further. Perhaps this reference to it will accelerate their final decision.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour most obedient Servant,\n\nFREDERICK STEWART,\nInspector of Government Schools.\n\nThe Honourable CECIL C. SMITH,\nActing Colonial Secretary,\nHONGKONG.\n\n## TABLE I\n### NUMBER OF SCHOLARS taught in the Government Schools during 1872, and Expense of each School.\n\n| School | Boys | Girls | Total | Expense |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1. Aberdeen | 30 | 2 | 32 | $59.00 |\n| 2. Ap-li Chan | 59 |  | 59 | $124.00 |\n| 3. Central School | 440 |  | 440 | $11,397.63 |\n| 4. Girls' School |  | 65 | 66 | $566.00 |\n| 5. Hà Wán | 30 | 6 | 36 | $355.00 |\n| 6. Hok Up | 14 |  | 14 | $62.00 |\n| 7. Hung Hom | 18 |  | 18 | $61.50 |\n| 8. Little Hongkong | 8 | 5 | 13 | $62.50 |\n| 9. Má-tau Chung | 20 |  | 20 | $62.50 |\n| 10. Má-t'an Ts'ün | 21 |  | 21 | $64.00 |\n| 11. Mong Kok | 20 |  | 20 | $62.00 |\n| 12. Pok-fit Lam | 10 | 1 | 11 | $60.50 |\n| 13. Sai-ying Pún (Hók-ha) | 70 | 8 | 78 | $251.00 |\n| 14. Sai-ying P'ún (Pun-ti) | 72 | 5 | 77 | $254.00 |\n| 15. Shái Văn | 19 |  | 19 | $50.00 |\n| 16. Shán-ki Wán | 57 |  | 57 | $121.50 |\n| 17. Shek Ö | 26 |  | 26 | $47.58 |\n| 18. Shek-tong Tsúi | 43 |  | 43 | $288.00 |\n|  | 38 |  | 38 | $252.00 |\n|  | 41 |  | 41 | $326.00 |\n|  | 35 |  | 35 | $43.06 |\n|  | 62 | 2 | 64 | $269.00 |\n|  | 27 | 3 | 30 | $121.50 |\n|  | 37 |  | 37 | $148.40 |\n|  | 26 |  | 26 | $63.00 |\n|  | 16 | 4 | 20 | $62.50 |\n|  | 19 |  | 19 | $40.00 |\n|  | 50 |  | 50 | $362.00 |\n|  | 23 |  | 23 | $70.00 |\n| 22. Tái Vung Kung | 22 |  | 22 | $122.50 |\n| 24. Tăng hàng Châu (Pun-ti) | 24 | 1 | 25 | $63.00 |\n|  | 1,368 | 112 | 1,480 | $15,879.67 |\n\n## TABLE II\n### AVERAGE EXPENSE of each Scholar at the various Government Schools during 1872.\n\n|  |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Outlay for 1872 | $15,870.67 |\n| Deduct fees from Scholars at Central School | $1,691.75 |\n| TOTAL | $14,187.92 |\n| 1. Average Expense of each Scholar at the Government Schools | $9.58 |\n| 2. Central School | $22.06 |\n| 3. Village Schools | $4.31 |\n\nNors.-Item 2 should perhaps be two dollars loss, and item 3 one dollar more, because part of the Salary of the Head Master of the Central School, who is also Inspector of Schools, should be charged against the Village Schools.",
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        "content_text": "## Report on Schools in Hong Kong for 1873\n\n### Grant-in-Aid Scheme Schools\n\n22. Wantsai and T'ai-p'ing Shán Chapel Schools for Chinese boys are under the management of the Revd. Dr. EITEL. At the former, 54 scholars were enrolled during the year. The average monthly enrolment was 54, and the daily attendance varied from 48 to 52. The number examined was 42, and of these 19 passed very satisfactorily. Scholars were presented under all the six standards, which accounts for the greater number of failures. T'ai-p'ing Shán Chapel School was attended by 42 scholars. The monthly average was 37, and the daily attendance varied from 31 to ... . At this school 28 were presented for examination under the first five standards. There were 14 failures. The sum gained by the two schools amounted to $110.50. A very much higher proportion of passes could have been obtained at these two schools, if the scholars had been ranged, as it was perfectly competent for the manager to do, under lower standards. Having, however, full confidence in the teachers, he classified the scholars as has been stated, and the result showed that his confidence was not misplaced. The teachers are able, hard-working men. They were fully aware of the extent to which the credit of the schools depended on their exertions, and they exerted themselves accordingly. The schools reflect great credit on masters and manager.\n\n23. The Baxter Vernacular Girls' Schools under the management of the Revd. A. B. HUTCHINSON, are three in number, but for the purposes of the Grant-in-aid scheme they are considered as one. This arrangement was necessary because the schools, taken singly, could not have reached the average attendance qualifying each of them for a grant; and, in order to meet, as far as possible, the difficulties attending female education here, and the reluctance of parents to send girls any but the shortest distance from home, the manager thought it advisable to have three schools in various parts of the city, to secure as large an attendance as possible. The three schools were, therefore, taken as three separate class-rooms, the scholars being classified as if belonging to one school; and as such they will be here spoken of. The total attendance for the year was 133. The average monthly enrolment was 72, and the daily attendance varied from 42 to 48. On the examination day 37 scholars were presented under the first three standards. Of these 28 passed and 9 failed. There were also 32 passes in plain needlework. The sum paid to the school amounted to $57.60. The school is solely for Chinese girls. The average age is 10, the extremes being 7 and 16. The school is well conducted, well superintended and well taught. The education given is solely in the Chinese language, a fact to which undue prominence cannot be given. Hitherto, the educating of Chinese girls in English has been one of the most disastrous experiments which the Colony has ever witnessed.\n\n24. The Victoria Boys' School is under the management of the Honourable P. RYRIE. The number enrolled in 1873 was 28; but, as the average daily attendance for the last six months, during which the school came under the provisions of the scheme, did not amount to the minimum of 20, the school was not examined. During the present year, the numbers have increased, and the school will no doubt be able to qualify itself for a grant. It was only opened in 1873, and being at present self-supporting, it has been much hampered in many ways, the fees being insufficient to provide a large school-room in a central locality. It is attended principally by Portuguese, but it is open to all who choose to avail themselves of it. The education given is solely an English one; and, judging from the results of several inspections, the school is well taught and well conducted.\n\n25. Adding the numbers taught at these six schools to the numbers taught in the Government schools, the total number of scholars subject to Government inspection in 1873 was 2280. This, with an allowance of 1220 for the numbers attending all other schools, would bring the number of school children in the Colony up to 3500. This is very far short of the number who should be at school; but comparing the results with those of previous years, there is much cause for satisfaction and great encouragement to perseverance.\n\n26. One point alone now remains to be noticed. When the Grant-in-aid scheme was proposed, great difficulty was felt in applying it to Chinese schools, from the want of a graduated series of school books containing lessons on the model of those in use in the West. A committee was appointed by the Government to compile such a series, and two school books are nearly ready for publication. The remainder will in all probability be finished within the next twelve months. The use of these books will be entirely optional. As long as a school can impart the requisite amount of secular instruction it will be free to use any school books its manager may choose to select; but there can be little doubt that, if the undertaking is at all successful, the new series will ultimately find its way into all the Chinese schools in the Colony, with perhaps a very few exceptions. It will supply a want which is very much felt by all who have the conduct of native schools.\n\n## TABLE I\n### NUMBER OF SCHOLARS taught in the Government Schools during 1873, and Expense of each School.\n\n| School | Boys | Girls | Total | Expense |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1. Aberdeen |  |  |  | $223.00 |\n| 2. Ap-li Chau | 36 | 2 | 38 | 127.00 |\n| 3. Central School | 502 |  | 502 | 11,924.46 |\n| 4. Girls' School |  | 107 | 107 | 593.00 |\n| 5. Há Wán | 37 |  | 37 | 353.90 |\n| 6. Hok Ün | 16 |  | 16 | 62.00 |\n| 7. Hung Hom | 20 |  | 20 | 61.50 |\n| 8. Little Hongkong | 17 |  | 17 | 62.00 |\n| 9. Má-tan Chung | 25 | 1 | 26 | 64.00 |\n| 10. Má-t'au Ts'ai | 21 |  | 21 | 62.50 |\n| 11. Mong Kok | 25 |  | 25 | 62.00 |\n| 12. Pok-fú Lam | 15 |  | 15 | 61.50 |\n| 13. Sai-ying Pún, (Hak-ka) | 79 | 14 | 93 | 247.00 |\n| 14. Sai-ying Pún, (Pun-ti) | 61 |  | 61 | 128.00 |\n| 15. Phái Vân | 22 |  | 22 | 62.50 |\n| 16. Shau-ki Wán | 54 | 10 | 64 | 353.30 |\n| 17. Shek Ö | 22 |  | 22 | 64.00 |\n| 18. Shek-tong Tsúi | 88 |  | 88 | 317.30 |\n| 19. Sheung Wán | 55 |  | 55 | 322.00 |\n| 20. Stanley | 22 |  | 22 | 61.55 |\n| 21. Tái-kok Tsui | 76 |  | 76 | 271.00 |\n| 22. Tái Wong Kung | 39 | 6 | 45 | 124.00 |\n| 23. Tang-lung Chau, (Hak-ka) | 22 |  | 22 | 64.00 |\n| 24. Tang-lung Chau, (Pun-ti) | 21 | 2 | 23 | 63.00 |\n| 25. To-kwá Wán, (Hak-ka) | 12 | 2 | 14 | 62.00 |\n| 26. To-kwá Wán, (Hok-lo) | 98 | 35 | 133 | 261.50 |\n| 27. Tsat Tsz-múi | 21 |  | 21 | 122.50 |\n| 28. Wan-tsai | 44 |  | 44 | 112.49 |\n| 29. Wong-nai Chung |  |  |  |  |\n| 30. Yau-má Ti |  |  |  |  |\n| Total | 1,667 | 171 | 1,838 | 16,694.40 |\n\n## TABLE II\n### AVERAGE EXPENSE of each Scholar at the various Government Schools during 1873.\n\n| Category | Expense |\n| --- | --- |\n| Outlay for 1873 | $16,691.40 |\n| Deduct Fees from Scholars at Central School | $2,216.50 |\n| Total | $14,477.90 |\n| 1. Average Expense of each Scholar at the Government Schools | $7.88 |\n| 2. Central School | $19.34 |\n| 3. Village Schools | $3.67 |\n\n**Note**: Item 2 should perhaps be two dollars less, and item 3 one dollar more, because part of the Salary of the Head Master of the Central School, who is also Inspector of Schools, should be charged against the Village Schools.\n\n## TABLE III\n### AVERAGE MONTHLY ENROLMENT and REGULAR ATTENDANCE at the Government Schools for 1873.\n\n| School | Average Monthly Enrolment | Average Regular Attendance |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Brought forward | 797 | 703 |\n| 1. Aberdeen | 16 | 14 |\n| 2. Ap-li Chau | 41 | 35 |\n| 3. Central School | 349 | 329 |\n| 4. Girls' School | 67 | 53 |\n| 5. Há Wán | 28 | 22 |\n| 6. Hok Ün | 15 | 12 |\n| 7. Hung Hom | 16 | 13 |\n| 8. Little Hongkong | 16 | 13 |\n| 9. Má-tan Chung | 23 | 21 |\n| 10. Má-t'au Ts'ai | 17 | 12 |\n| 11. Mong Kok | 18 | 13 |\n| 12. Pok-fú Lam | 12 | 9 |\n| 13. Sai-ying Pún, (Hak-ka) | 58 | 52 |\n| 14. Sai-ying Pún, (Pun-ti) | 43 | 39 |\n| 15. Phái Vân | 16 | 14 |\n| 16. Shau-ki Wán | 52 | 41 |\n| 17. Shek Ö | 35 | 26 |\n| 18. Shek-tong Tsúi | 40 | 34 |\n| 19. Sheung Wán | 27 | 24 |\n| 20. Stanley | 20 | 14 |\n| 21. Tái-kok Tsui | 18 | 15 |\n| 22. Tái Wong Kung | 17 | 11 |\n| 23. Tang-lung Chau, (Hak-ka) | 81 | 18 |\n| 24. Tang-lung Chau, (Pun-ti) | 15 | 11 |\n| 25. To-kwá Wán, (Hak-ka) | 16 | 15 |\n| 26. To-kwá Wán, (Hok-lo) |  |  |\n| 27. Tsat Tsz-múi |  |  |\n| 28. Wan-tsai |  |  |\n| 29. Wong-nai Chung | 39 | 18 |\n| 30. Yau-má Ti | 15 | 11 |\n| Total | 1,249 | 1,089 |\n\nThe Honourable J. GARDINER AUSTIN,\nColonial Secretary,\nHONGKONG.\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to be,\nYour most obedient Servant,\nFREDERICK STEWART,\nInspector of Schools.",
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        "content_text": "563 \n\n## X \n\n8. The first or highest class was examined in ten subjects,—Algebra, Arithmetic, Chemistry, Dictation, English Composition, Geography, Geometry, Grammar, Translation from Chinese into English, and Translation from English into Chinese. The total number of marks assigned to these subjects was 780, and the marks gained by the first six on the list were respectively 683, 669, 669, 655, 643, and 633. After these, nine had over 500, six over 400, and four over 360 marks.\n\n9. The other classes were examined on the same subjects,—Algebra, Chemistry, and Geometry excepted, these being confined, at present, exclusively to the senior class. The general result of the examinations, previously referred to, must suffice, in this Report, for indicating the way in which these classes passed.\n\n10. The Chemistry class, after a full year's experience, can now be reported on with some confidence. The course for the year embraced the most important of the non-metallic elements. No text-book has as yet been used and it is a doubtful point whether one should be used, because the oral instruction given both ensures attention on the part of the class and is a test of their knowledge of English, the only language which is spoken. The class has been conducted in this way. On Saturday, a lesson is given with experiments. On Monday, the boys bring in an English account of what they have heard and seen,—an exercise which serves the double purpose of fixing the lesson on their minds and of practising them in composition. In the course of the week, an hour is devoted to oral examination on the last, and a revisal of the preceding, subjects. There can be no hesitation in saying that this part of the school work is thoroughly enjoyed and, if one may judge by the papers written at the examination, not unprofited by.\n\n11. The three junior classes are now taught the elements of Music, but this has been too lately introduced to permit of any report on the progress made. One lesson of one hour a week is all that has yet been attempted, although it is very questionable if such short time gives either class or subject fair play. At the same time, it is impossible at the Central School, where a language has to be acquired, to give the same time to such subjects as is given in schools where only one language is required of the scholars and that their mother-tongue.\n\n12. Drawing will be commenced in the three senior classes as soon as the materials arrive from England. There will then be an extra subject for each of the English masters, for the Head Master chemistry, for the Second Master drawing, and for the Third Master music. I need not say that these will be treated strictly as extra subjects. Nothing must be allowed to interfere with, or, at least, to impede the learning of English.\n\n13. The number of boys other than Chinese is gradually increasing and, in a few years, will necessitate another master and an additional class-room. There are now 5 English, 2 Portuguese, 2 Japanese, and 14 Indian boys. The number of half-caste boys, too, has lately increased considerably. With this difference, that they are of a livelier temperament, owing probably to a less restrained up-bringing, and that they can enunciate more easily and clearly than their Chinese school-fellows, due no doubt to their being accustomed from their infancy to the jargon which passes for English here, there is not much to distinguish them from those of purely Chinese descent. If anything, they are rather worse to manage, but when one considers the extreme docility of Chinese boys this trait scarcely deserves a passing notice. A school of Chinese boys is a disciplinarian's paradise.\n\n14. In the course of the year, 95 boys left school. Of these, 40 are in business, some as interpreters, some as clerks, some as assistant compradores, some as assistants in Chinese shops, some as brokers, printers, and so on. Some have gone to California, some to Japan, others to Tientsin, Shanghai, Foochow, Canton, Macao, Saigon, Annam, and Bombay, while 25 remain in Hongkong. Of the remainder, 8 left on account of sickness, 18 left the Colony along with their parents, 14 were removed from the roll principally for irregularities, 6 went to Chinese schools, 6 left for causes unknown, 1 was poor, 1 died, and 1 was married. Why the last should have considered himself excused it is difficult to say, for nearly all in the first class and many of those in the second are married.\n\n15. There is nothing special to report in connection with the Chinese classes. They are three in number and under three very competent masters. The same time is devoted to Chinese as to English, that is, four hours a day to each. Every effort is made, by weekly revisals and occasional examinations, to ensure as much attention to this part of the work as to that of the English classes; and this is the more necessary, as a good deal of latent opposition has to be encountered in the teaching of Chinese in the school. The people have very deeply rooted notions of their own as to the selection of masters and the number of scholars whom one master should teach; and teaching by classes, while admitted to be very good in the teaching of English is declared to be altogether unsuitable for the teaching of Chinese. Patience and perseverance will enable the school to outlive these prejudices.\n\n16. The Preparatory Class, which was established to secure a certain knowledge of both English and Chinese before admission into the regular classes, has given proof of the usefulness which was expected of it. The mastership of this class is given as a reward to one of the best scholars taught in the school. Under him, the boys learn the elements of reading, writing, and arithmetic, as a preparation for the English classes; and, under one of the Chinese masters, who take this class alternately, they are prepared for the Chinese classes.\n\n17. The school-fees for the year amounted to $1,701.65, of which the sum of $1,460.75 was paid into the Treasury, and $240.90, being the fees paid by the Preparatory Class, went to the payment of the teacher of that class.\n\n18. There only remains, under this division, to acknowledge, on behalf of the school in general and of successful scholars in particular, the liberality of the Honourable C. C. SMITH, Dr. MURRAY, Mr. HAYLLAR, Mr. GERHARD, Mr. Wai Kwong, and Mr. KWOK CHEUNG, who added so largely to the Prize Fund. While there is, no doubt, a good deal of hard work on the part of the boys, due to a desire for respectable and lucrative employment, the incentive to diligence produced by the valuable prizes which are given annually is of the most marked character. It is gratifying to be able to state that, next year, the list of donors will be considerably increased. These and others of the community would add greatly to their kindness by coming and making personal experience of what the boys can or cannot do.\n\nIt is matter of regret that while so many give liberally, so few care to come and judge of the school for themselves. This is not said from any desire to parade the school, than which nothing could be more distasteful, but it is not unnatural to wish that the public knew exactly what an institution is worth which needs so large a sum of the public money for its support.\n\n## The Village Schools\n\n19. The Village Schools, which are free schools supported entirely by Government, are twelve in number. They stand in the following order of efficiency, as tested by an examination of each school.\n\n| Rank | School Name |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | Stanley |\n| 2 | Sai-ying P'ún, (Pún-ti) |\n| 3 | Girls' School |\n| 4 | Bowrington |\n| 5 | Sai-ying Pún, (Hak-ka) |\n| 6 | Webster's Crescent |\n| 7 | Tang-lung Chau, (Pún-ti) |\n| 8 | Aberdeen |\n| 9 | West End |\n| 10 | Tang-lung Chau, (Hak-ka) |\n| 11 | Wong-nai Chung |\n| 12 | Shau-ki Wan |\n\n20. These, as has been said in previous Reports, are Chinese schools, pure and simple. Chinese books alone are used and the mode of instruction is such as would be found in any native village school in China. But, this has been too often noticed to need repetition.\n\n21. The great aim in the supervision of these schools is to see that what is taught is taught methodically and well, that regularity, and especially punctuality, be attended to, and that cleanliness be not forgotten. It would perhaps be difficult to fix any precise amount of improvement from one year to another; but, on looking back over the last nine years, evidences of progress are not wanting. The Chinese are very slow to appreciate anything which is not precisely as they are accustomed to it, and in nothing is their conservatism so apparent as in education. Foreigners may know something of other matters, especially if they have reference to trade, but, in the matter of education, the dullest villager and the most ignorant boat-woman loudly proclaim their superiority, without the slightest suspicion of its being questioned. They know exactly what books their children are to read, and when and how they are to be read, the opinion of all foreigners to the contrary notwithstanding.\n\n22. The school buildings are good and suitable, except those at Bowrington and Stanley. I had hoped to see these two re-appear on the Estimates. A new school-house at Stanley is greatly needed, but one at Bowrington is an absolute necessity, as has been pointed out on previous occasions. The number of scholars taught at the Bowrington school, during the year, was 92. The highest number on the roll, on any one month, was 76, the lowest 56, and 63 was the average for the year. Yet this large number has to be accommodated in the upper floor of a small, low-roofed, ill-ventilated, Chinese house. I cannot forego this opportunity of, once more, calling the attention of the Government to the necessity of proceeding with the erection of the proposed school-house at Bowrington.\n\n23. Three masters died in the course of the year, those at Sháu-ki Wán, at the Hak-ka school at Tang-lung Chau, and at the Pún-ti school at Sai-ying P'ún. The last had been a Government school-master for upwards of ten years and had always a very good school. There was one dismissal, that of the master at Sháu-ki Wán, the predecessor of the one that died. This has always been a wretched school as regards attendance. It was thought advisable, as the Hak-kas showed so little appreciation of it, to allow the Pún-tis a chance, but last year's experience does not inspire much confidence as to the benefit of the change. The schools at Aberdeen and Wong-nai Ch'ung are continual sources of disappointment, but they are good schools when compared with the one at Sháu-ki Wán.\n\n24. The Pún-ti school at Tang-lung Chau, after being for many years at the head of the Village Schools, has lately been very unfortunate. For situation, the healthiest, apparently, of all the schools, no fewer than three masters have died within the short period since the new school was opened. Other masters of the school have had long periods of serious illness, and several of the scholars have died. As death after death occurs, the superstitious fears of the children are increased and the withdrawals become more and more numerous. There is no apparent remedy for this, but a change for the better is greatly desiderated.\n\n## The Schools in Receipt of Grants-in-aid\n\n25. The Schools in receipt of Grants-in-aid are now 11 in number. Five were added during the year. These are the schools at Shek Shán, Hok Ün, Yau-ma Ti, Ma-t'au Ch'ung, and the Hak-ka School at T'o-kwa Wán. The whole may be arranged in the following order:\n\n| Rank | School Name |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | Ap-li Chau |\n| 2 | Ma-t'au Ts'ün |\n| 3 | T'o-kwa Wán, (Hak-ka) |\n| 4 | Little Hongkong |\n| 5 | Ma-t'au Ch'ung |\n| 6 | Mong Kok |\n| 7 | Yau-ma Ti |\n| 8 | Hok Ün |\n| 9 | Hung Hom |\n| 10 | T'o-kwa Wán |\n| 11 | Shek Shán |",
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        "content_text": "## often cited Thoroughly praiseworthy \n\nto thoroughly and as painstakingly as the duties that would fall upon me, and discharge them heartily and conscientiously and I have every hope that my efforts were not uncapable - \n\n \n\n(57) Sir Percy \n\nThe poor Counts \n\nfor the Colonies \n\nwould \n\n7 \n\nBirmingham 5th March 1873. \n\nI Sir Percy did me the favour \n\nof taking charge of two classes in the \n\nmiddle of King Edward's School during part of the last term, and of taking one during the remainder of the term with the scholastic work of the highest forms. I thus had an opportunity \n\nof testing his fitness for different kinds of school work and I found him always a most efficient and reliable conductor. He is regular in his attention to his duties, careful and accurate in his teaching, and a good disciplinarian. \n\nAs a scholar I believe him to be of the first order, and I can testify this, \npossesses all the qualities of perseverance, and judgment and tact, which are essential in the Master of a school. \n\n## \nS. R. Vardy M.A.\n\nHead master of King Edward's School Birmingham; late Fellow of Trinity",
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        "document_key": "CO129-180 - Public Offices & Others - 1877",
        "page_number": 342,
        "title": "CO129-180 - Public Offices & Others - 1877",
        "content_text": "333 \n\nArt. No. 2. \n\nAbstract of Proceedings. \n\n210 \n\nConference of Constantinople, having established facts which fairly lend to the inference that a theoretically perfect Quarantine is capable of arresting cholera, had conceived and adopted a scheme for applying Quarantine, which would keep cholera, as it was supposed, eventually out of Europe. This was to be done by maritime quarantine stations on the Red and Caspian Seas and Persian Gulf, and by land quarantine stations on the Turco-Persian and Russo-Persian frontiers, and on the side of Boukhara. The scheme involved further complete temporary interruption (if necessary) of all communication between Egypt and any places in the basin of the Mediterranean. That Conference had also laid down general rules for quarantine (Régime Quarantenaire). Its scheme, as a general scheme, had never been put into execution, and indeed was in great part quite inexecutable; and it had this great defect, that it included no provision whatever for what, during the interval which had elapsed since the Conference had reported, had been the sole cause of anxiety with reference to cholera in Europe, viz., the spread of the disease in Europe itself. \n\nThe Conference of Vienna was not called upon specifically to review the several recommendations on Quarantine of the Conference of Constantinople, as it had been called on to review its conclusions on scientific matters; but certain broad general questions had been framed with the view of eliciting the opinion of the delegates assembled at Vienna as to the measures of restriction on the progress of cholera which were practicable, and likely to be efficacious, by land, by sea, or by river. \n\n## A—Land Quarantine. \n\nThe 12th question on the Programme was :-\"Des établissements de quarantaine doivent-ils être construits sur terre contre le choléra ?\" Unless this question were answered in the affirmative, the following one, the 13th on the Programme, which had reference to the details of such establishments, fell to the ground. A resolution was proposed answering it in the negative, and adopted by a majority of 13 delegations to 4; two delegations abstaining from voting. The terms of the resolution adopted set forth that, in view of the numerous modes of communication which existed and increased from day to day, land quarantines were inexecutable and useless; and that on this account, and on account of the serious damage they did besides to commercial interests, they ought to be abolished. (Considérant que les quarantaines de terre sont inexécutables et inutiles, vu les nombreux moyens de communication qui augmentent de jour en jour; considérant en outre qu'elles portent des atteintes graves aux intérêts commerciaux, la Conférence rejette les quarantaines de terre). Up to a certain point there was absolute unanimity of opinion in the Conference. No one contended that land quarantines on the continent of Europe, wherever a railway system had been established, were practicable; but objection was taken to the universal condemnation of land quarantines which the resolution implied. This objection was represented in three degrees (if I may so say) by three amendments successively put and negatived. The one widest from the resolution was that formulated by M. Milossavlevitch, the delegate for Servia, which, commencing by a recognition of the general utility of quarantines, went on to say that, though land quarantines were not practicable in the centre of Europe, they ought to be established wherever topographical and social conditions admitted. \n\n* The delegations which voted against this view were those of France, Greece, Portugal, and Servia. The delegations which abstained from voting were those of Luxemburg and Switzerland. It should be stated, however, that the delegations of Turkey, Egypt, and Spain had not up to this time taken their places in the Conference. \n\n211 \n\nArt. No. 2. \n\nThis amendment received 4 votes against 13 negative; two delegations abstaining. The next, formulated by M. de King, delegate of France, was to the effect that the Conference was of opinion that land quarantines were in most cases impracticable, but that any States which deemed it possible to guard efficiently their land frontier by quarantines should have the liberty of doing so. This obtained 5 votes to 13 negative; one delegation only abstaining. The last amendment put, that of M. Orphanides, the delegate for Greece, proposed the maintenance of land quarantines in Greece and Turkey, on the ground that the reasons which called for the rejection of such quarantines in Europe generally did not apply to those countries. This proposal equally obtained five votes only; but of the 13 delegations which had rejected the former amendments, and which voted afterwards for the resolution originally proposed, eight abstained from voting on this amendment.* The effect was practically the same as though they had voted in the negative; an absolute majority of the delegations present being requisite for the adoption of any proposition. \n\n* The exceptional circumstances of Greece were ably put to the Conference by M. Orphanides; but no statement whatever of such circumstances was made on behalf of Turkey (the Turkish delegation, it should be explained, had not then arrived). On the other hand, the utter inexecutability and consequent inutility of the Turkish land quarantines were strongly stated by the Russian delegates, who, however, were amongst those who took no part in voting on this amendment. As M. Fauvel, one of the French delegation (who had not taken his place in the Conference at the time this question was discussed), has since insisted before the French Académie de Médecine on the practicability and value of these quarantines, it may not be amiss to add the following reliable description of them by Surgeon-Major W. H. Colvill, civil surgeon, Baghdad, who had himself been subjected to them :-\"On my way from England last autumn, to rejoin my appointment, by Russia and Persia, I had to spend 10 days in quarantine on the frontier at Khaurbin; and I can best give an idea of Turkish quarantine by trying to sketch what I saw. Khankia is a town of about 2,000 inhabitants. Here the river Diayalah, crossed by a stone bridge, separates Turkey from Persia, and at the 'Persian end, a plot of ground, bounded on one side by a canal, was marked out as 'the quarantine camp,' and here for two months before my arrival as many as 5,000 'travellers, Asiatic Russians, Afghans, and Persians, had at the same time been 'encamped. Each company on coming in was supposed to pitch its tents a few feet 'apart from the previous arrivals, though the people mixed freely together. I 'arrived half an hour before midnight, and the stench from dead quadrupeds and all manner of abominations was frightful; but that was not all, for if a person 'were found dead from cholera his company had to begin the quarantine afresh, the 'result being that no sooner was the breath out of the dying man than his friends 'scraped a hole in the ground under the tent and pushed him in, while after them another company would arrive, pitch on the same ground, and probably do the 'like. In one case the friends were in such haste that they left the dead man's 'beard protruding; the jackals came, and next morning his bare jawbones were 'sticking through the ground. No account is kept of the arrivals, and no care 'whatever is taken of the travellers, but that is no fault of the sanitary officers, for 'they have not the means. I was very much struck with the energy \"and perseverance of the European officer here; but what could he do single-\"handed amongst 5,000, constantly coming and going, men from the north, not 'by any means in the best of temper, and whose language he could not under-\"stand? The provisions purchased through intermediates were dear. This camp, varying from 3,000 to 5,000, was simply a hot-bed of disease; while it did not prevent cholera entering Turkey by that road, for it appeared at Kizil Robat, a village of about 800 inhabitants, 16 miles on the way towards Baghdad, and for '10 days five to six people died daily; and yet this camp, behind the disease, was kept up for a couple of months after that, while no quarantine was established 'between Kizil Robat and the interior, that is towards Baghdad.\"—(Transactions of Medical and Physical Society of Bombay, N.S., No. xi. for 1871).",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 23,
        "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "24 \n\nThe Roman Catholic Mission has established several educational institutions in Hongkong. We have St. Saviour's College, a superior school where the European children can obtain a sound and practically useful and commercial education. For the Chinese, we have an industrial and commercial school. Our Seminary opens to every Chinese who wishes it the gate of all knowledge in teaching him the Latin language. Of the 76 who during its brief existence have passed through the English classes in this College, 70 have got situations and are all doing well, some in Manila, some in the Coast Ports, and the remainder in Hongkong. A few of them are getting, at twenty years of age, salaries of over one hundred dollars a month. Our Anglo-Chinese school has turned out about forty young Chinamen, who are all employed well, some at Shanghai, others at Canton, and in Hongkong.\n\n\"The work at the Reformatory was rather hard, having to deal with young ragamuffins. However, in these seven years, the industrial schools at that useful Institution have been successful. A few of those boys first admitted are there still now paid assistants, and useful aids to us in our work. We are rather proud of them. Fourteen are in good situations in Hongkong as carpenters, shoemakers, and tailors. Of the boys who are at present in the Reformatory, not less than 30 are working well and satisfactorily. 68 others have spent a short time in the Reformatory and have gone away without fully acquiring a trade, but we have not heard of any being brought before the Magistrate a second time.\"\n\n\"During the ten years the Italian Convent has been opened, nearly one hundred girls of good family have received a complete education of the best description. Two hundred Chinese destitute children have been saved from death and trained up to be useful girls and women. Upwards of 800 girls over ten years of age have been rescued from misery and fed, clothed, and taught. These girls and infants, but for the Sisters, must have eventually become a charge upon the Colony. About eighty girls have been respectably married.\"\n\nHis Excellency Major General Whitefield, Lieutenant Governor, before distributing the prizes, said: \"I have with me the strongest sense of gratification at learning the highly satisfactory and most cheering results, which have attended the institution of these Establishments,\" and after having encouraged the boys to perseverance in their studies, His Excellency concluded, \"it only now remains for me, in my own name, and I think, I may add, the name of the Community, to thank Father Raimondi and the other Reverend Gentlemen connected with these schools for their untiring zeal and energy in this good work, which has produced such happy results; and equally deserving of our praise and admiration are those pious and good ladies who have retired from the world for the purpose of devoting their whole lives to the welfare and the benefit of the orphans, the widow, the sick, and destitute.\" H.E. distributed the prizes, among which was a golden medal given by himself.\n\nThen \n\nIt would be rather difficult to make up an account of all the expenses incurred during this period by the Roman Catholics to sustain their schools and Charitable Institutions. Not comprising the costs for enlarging both the Convent and the Reformatory, the maintenance only of the Schools and Charitable Establishments were costing not less than $12,000 a year, distributed thus:\n| Institution        | Cost    |\n| ----------------- | ------- |\n| Italian Convent   | $6,000  |\n| Reformatory       | $2,400  |\n| St. Saviour's College | $3,000  |\n| Other Schools     | $600    |\n\nThe Roman Catholics of Hongkong therefore expended from 1866 to 1872 in education $72,000. From the Government, the grant made for the year 1870 was to the Reformatory and to the Convent for the charitable works (not for the school) $1,256, so that during this period, the R. Catholic Mission received from the Government no more than $2,512, which was not even sufficient to cover the expenses for building, which have not been included in the sum.\n\n## FIFTH AND LAST PERIOD\n\nFrom 1872 to 1877.\n\nSir Richard MacDonell thought it convenient to throw open the Central School, which was only for Chinese, to the Europeans, and although the Government had chosen the secular system for it, people of different denominations have been invited to send their children there. In 1866, Sir Richard MacDonell expressed his wishes at the denominational St. Saviour's College, and in 1867 at the Central School. In January 30th, 1872, in his speech on the occasion of the distribution of prizes at the Central School, after having eulogized Mr. Stewart as the square man for the place, he said: \n\n25",
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    {
        "id": 302502,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 25,
        "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "# \n## 7 \n## 28 \n\ntary teaching, which we have excluded from any classification with that given at the Central School and here the 11,000 present a formidable phalanx, \n\n\"It is rather surprising\" says Mr. Stewart \"to find in quarters when one would expect more correct information grave doubts as to the position which the school holds with religion\" Mr. Stewart complains that it seems to be the fate of secular education to be distorted and misrepresented. It will not be so always. Ten years will see the superstition exploded......It is surely too late in the day to assert on the one hand, that education whatever protestations are made to the contrary must be religious and on the other that if it is secular it must be irreligious. Such language is as applicable to the exchange or the counting house as it is to school or College. Science and language are as distant from dogma as the details of the share Market. These are merest truisms.\" \n\nAt the end of April the question arose on the want of having a school for European middle class, and on the 25th of June a general extraordinary meeting took place at the City Hall to discuss it. About 30 people attended it. Sir Arthur Kennedy was present and expressed his idea that if a school should be had, it ought to be a secular one. His Excellency openly declared that he had no earthly sympathy with sectarianism. Mr. Francis warmly advocated religious education. Mr. Stewart, the Inspector of Government School, spoke in favour of secular. He denied that the education given at the Central School was atheistical but he admitted the term Un-Christian. He said that one of his rules was, that the words Protestantism and Catholicism were never to be mentioned in the school. On being asked parenthetically by Mr. Francis how history was taught Mr. Stewart said he only wished to defend himself. The meeting ended by appointing a Committee to enquire into the necessity of a school and on which basis it should be conducted. \n\nThe Editor of the **China Mail** commenting on the proceedings of the Meeting thinks that the earliest solution of the difficulty would be the establishment of a Church of England school. The Catholics, he says, have taken up a defined position. **\"Catholic education for Catholic youth\"** and having both the will and the ability to carry out the programme, we are relieved of the necessity of reconciling the conflicting claims of Catholics and Protestants.\" \n\nOn the 26th July took place the annual public examination of the scholars in St. Saviour School. Acting Chief Justice who takes great interest in the success of the schools, examined the various classes assisted by Dr. Pottinger and the energetic Prefect Rev. T. Raimondi with very satisfactory results.\" (**Mail.**) \n\nOn the next day H. E. Sir Arthur Kennedy distributed the prizes, after which he said some words of encouragement to the boys, adding that: \"In this Colony there were great wants on account of the diversity of the population and this school supplies many of them. The requirements of the many nationalities belonging to Father Raimondi's Church were, he believed, supplied by it and they might always rely on his cordial support. There was room for all and from what he knew of the perseverance of those intrusted with the instruction of the youngsters he was sure these schools would always show satisfactory results.\" (**Press.**) \n\nThe three Reports which were published during the year 1872 concerning the three Catholic Educational Establishments, St. Saviour's College, the West Point Reformatory, and Girls school speak in favour of the progress made in the Roman Catholic Schools. With regard to the system of education the writer of the Reports says: \n\n\"We earnestly hope that none of our readers will be scandalized at hearing that we impart to Catholic youth a Catholic education. It is the doctrine of our Church that religion cannot be separated from education, and it would be the greatest wrong we could do them to suppose, that our Catholic Community would prefer being independent of the rulers of their Church. We speak of Catholics as we do not at all interfere with the religion of those boys who are not Catholic. In a certain quarter a warm eulogium has been made lately on secular education. It is neither our wish nor our business to enter here into a discussion on this question; we must say however that a secular education will not do for us Catholics, as it is at variance with the principles of our Church, and therefore to favour secular education among Catholics would be in effect to countenance their deviating from the principles of their Church, which would be proselytising. The opposition, which has been made in every part of the world to the endeavour to secularize education makes us confident that it is not yet too late to assert that education must be religious. Experience teaches that an Education which in principle is not religious, leads practically to irreligion.\" \n\n## 29 \n## 22",
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    {
        "id": 302515,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 38,
        "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "## TABLE III. ROMAN CATHOLIC SCHOOLS\n\n| Year | Page | Description |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1857 | 4 | A Chinese elementary School. An Orphanage for Chinese. |\n| 1860 | 11 | A Girl's School is opened in Caine Road. A Boy's School is started in Staunton Street. |\n| 1863 | 11 | A Reformatory is opened in West Point. St. Saviour's College is built. |\n| 1864 | 12 | An Orphanage for Girls is added to the Schools at the Italian Convent in Caine Road. |\n| 1865 | 21 | H. E. Mr. Mercer, Acting Governor, at St. Saviour's School, said that \"he was happy to know that there was such a good School in the Colony.\" |\n| 1866 | 22 | H. E. Sir Richard MacDonnell, at St. Saviour's School, says \"to the Roman Catholic Missionaries chiefly we do owe any earnest effort to provide an adequate body of future interpreters of European parentage.\" H. E. gives a medal to the School. |\n| 1869 |  | Sir Richard MacDonnell at St. Saviour's School, he must confess that in this Colony, the efforts of the Roman Catholic Church far outripped and were in excess of those of all other denominations in promoting education. The grant to the Reformatory had been made on behalf of the Government. |\n| 1871 | 23 | Major General Whitfield, Lieut. Governor, at St. Saviour's, \"I have with me the strongest sense of gratification at learning the highly satisfactory and most cheering results, which have attended the institution of these establishments.\" Then H. E. distributed the prizes, among which was a gold medal given by himself. |\n| 1872 | 24 | A Correspondent in the China Mail urges the Government to give a grant to the Roman Catholic Schools. Father Raimondi in a Pastoral states the doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church, concerning education. \"The Catholic Bishops with the Sovereign Pontiff have emitted their decision grounded on the experience and long study of years, proving that Schools, where only secular education is given, cannot do for Catholic children...\" The Editor of the China Mail thinks \"that the best solution would be the establishment of a Church of England School. The Catholics have taken up a defined position, Catholic education for Catholic children; and having both the will and the ability to carry out the programme we are relieved of the necessity of reconciling the conflicting claims of Catholic and Protestant.\" Sir Arthur Kennedy at St. Saviour's School said: in this Colony there were great wants on account of the diversity of the population, and this School supplies many of them. The requirements of the many nationalities belonging to Father Raimondi's Church, were, he believed, from what he knew of the perseverance of those intrusted with the instruction of the youngsters, he was sure these Schools would always show satisfactory results. |\n| 1875 | 25, 27, 28 | The Report on the Roman Catholic Schools has some hints on the endeavours made by some to proselytize the Catholic children to secularism. The writer censures the term superstition used by Mr. Stewart in his Report against the supporters of religious education. The Editor of the China Mail supports the views of the Catholics, opposing secularism, and advocates that a liberal measure of support should be afforded to those under Catholic or any other auspices, provided the competent authorities were convinced that the facts of education were well taught, no matter what deductions were drawn from them. |\n|  | 29, 30 | Report of the Roman Catholic educational and charitable establishments and their progress: they were 22 in number. The writer makes some remarks corroborated by facts on the necessity of religious education. |\n| 1876 | 38, 39 | A correspondent in the Hongkong Times writes in favour of St Saviour's School, proving that its standard is not inferior to that of the Central School. St. Joseph's College for boys is opened. Report for 1876, an increase of scholars. It is a mistake to omit from the calculations all consideration of the much greater expenditure entailed on those who undertake the education for the European youth. |\n\n## Expenses incurred by the Roman Catholics for their educational and Charitable establishments\n\n| Period | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2nd | $33,000 |\n| 3rd | $14,900 |\n| 4th | $22,000 |\n| 5th | $100,000 |\n| Total | $210,000 |\n| Granted by the Government | $72,000 |",
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    {
        "id": 302847,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "page_number": 369,
        "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "# THE NEW-CHINESE ENVOY TO ENGLAND\n\nAmongst the passengers who arrived here on the 25th ult. by the M.M. steamer Amazone were the Marquis Tseng, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain and France, the Marchioness Tseng and three children. Messrs. Teheus (Secretary), Laou, Tsao, Li, Tseng, Assistant Secretaries, E. Frandin, interpreter, ten Chinese officers, attaches to the Legation, and 28 servants. The Amazone had the Chinese flag flying at the main in honour of the distinguished passengers.\n\nHis Excellency landed the same day under salute, and was received at Government House by Governor Hennessy at three o'clock. His Excellency the Marquis had apartments assigned to him at Government House, where he could transact business; he slept on board the steamer, but he dined every day at Government House. On the 26th ultimo, at the official dinner at Government House on H.E. the Governor proposing the health of the Emperor of China, the Marshal President of France, and Her Majesty the Queen, the Marquis Tseng replied in a speech in Chinese in which, according to a translation furnished by the Marquis next day, he remarked that, “Governor Hennessy's impartial and excellent administration had already done much towards cementing friendly feeling between England and China; and, as to the existing relations between these powers, he might add that he regarded the friend of England as the friend of China, and the enemy of England as the enemy of China.\"\n\nHis Excellency the Marquis Tseng embarked on the 28th ultimo from the Murray Wharf, and proceeded on board the French mail steamer for Europe. A company of the 74th Highlanders was on the wharf as a guard of honour. On the steam-launch leaving the wharf a salute was fired from the shore battery.\n\nThe Shanghai Courier says:- By those who have had the opportunity of conversing with the new Minister to the Elysées and to the Court of St. James, we are informed that he is of dignified and very affable manners, and that there is every likelihood of his becoming a very acceptable personage with the Governments to which he is accredited, as well as with the European Diplomatic Corps, and it is thought that he will make a very favourable impression upon the people at large. The Peking Government may thus be congratulated on having had the foresight to select and appoint in this, as also in the case of Kwo-ta-jou, officials who, like their colleagues of western countries, possess a specialité which is known as the \"Art to please.\" The Marquis Tseng, who, as yet, converses in English with greater difficulty than timidity, has resolved to thoroughly master the language, and if he persists with that dogged Scottish kind of perseverance by which he has been distinguished on all possible occasions and opportunities during his intercourse with foreigners both here and at Tientsin, even with those speaking his own language perfectly, then his most praiseworthy and painstaking determination must eventually be crowned with success. It might have been well had the Marquis, in his capacity as Minister to France, given some attention to French in place of English, for, in his relations in Paris with Frenchmen of the official world, he will make a discovery that his own actual acquaintanceship with English far exceeds theirs. Fortunately, in the present instance Tseng-ta-jen will find an exception to the general rule in the person of the actual Minister of Foreign Affairs (M. Waddington), whose father was English. The only foreigner in the suite of the new Chinese Minister to France is Monsieur Frandin, late interprète of the French Consular service. This gentleman has been temporarily detached from that service by the Minister of France at Peking, for special duty with the Marquis, etc., and we hear that he has received an appointment from the Tsung-li Yamén as Agent de la Mission sans portefeuille politique, or, what in plain English we should call a kind of non-political adviser.\n\nPage 360",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 385,
        "title": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "# Petition and Statement\n\nThat Your Petitioners are of opinion that the perseverance of Mr. Chan Chee-lung in abusing the liberality of the Government and deceiving the undersigned masters is extremely great, and your Petitioners therefore proceed to speak out without bitter concealment.\n\nThat the undersigned masters can but place the circumstances of the case plainly in this plaint for the information of H.E. the Governor, and humbly beg the Inspector of Schools to lay this complaint before His Excellency, so that a searching inquiry be instituted and redress be obtained.\n\nAnd your petitioners will ever pray.\n\nThe 18th January 1879. Presented by T. J. Lethbridge.\n\n## Enclosure B in Acting Inspector's Letter\n\nHong Kong, 18th January 1879\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honor to hand you my humble petition in original with reference to the charge against me for borrowing and then repudiating the loan.\n\nThat in the year 1877, I borrowed $10 each from Leung King-kam, Lau Sui-shan, and Chan Chun-fun a few days after their getting their gratuity on account of my brother's being ill and much in need, and promised to repay them in a few months. As the Acting Inspector of Schools...",
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    {
        "id": 304194,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-185 - Acting Governor Marsh Governor Hennessy - 1879 [6-12]",
        "page_number": 139,
        "title": "CO129-185 - Acting Governor Marsh Governor Hennessy - 1879 [6-12]",
        "content_text": "## Testimonial for Robert Kennaway Leigh\n\nI have known Mr. Robert Kennaway Leigh intimately ever since he first joined my office in 1873, and I can testify to his being fully qualified in every respect for the appointment he seeks.\n\nHe was articled to me in the year 1873 and served a three (3) years' pupilage, during which time he availed himself of all the opportunities of my office. He was employed in making original detailed working drawings of Girder and Suspension Bridges, Roofs and Jetties, in both Iron and Timber, Buildings, Foundations, Town Drainage, and Machinery, and was employed in the actual superintendence of the construction of many of the above-mentioned works. He also assisted in making surveys and taking levels for Parliamentary Deposits and otherwise for Railways, Drainage, and other purposes.\n\nHe has therefore had a very general and practical Engineering training, and from my knowledge of the character of his employment since he left me, and his general perseverance and intelligence, combined with his healthy constitution and his habits, I have no hesitation in saying that he is eminently qualified for the post of a District Engineer.\n\n**R. W. Perrett, Engineer**\n\n6, Great George St., Westminster, S.W.  \n27th Sept. 1879\n\n## Another Testimonial\n\nMr. Robert Kennaway Leigh having applied to me for a testimonial in support of an application for an appointment as a District Engineer in Jamaica; – I have great pleasure in stating that he was employed in a great variety of Engineering work both in the Office and out, and in all cases he executed the same in a highly creditable manner.\n\nI have known him intimately ever since he first joined my office in 1873.\n\nJours faithfully,  \nR. W. Perrett  \nEngineer  \n\nRuth Leigh Soaps is not part of the main testimonial text and appears to be a separate, possibly unrelated note.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-185 - Acting Governor Marsh Governor Hennessy - 1879 [6-12]",
        "page_number": 680,
        "title": "CO129-185 - Acting Governor Marsh Governor Hennessy - 1879 [6-12]",
        "content_text": "## \n-panying correspondence with much regret, as it indicates that the relations are not such as ought to exist between the Colonial Secretary and the Governor of a colony.\n\n3. You will inform him that I see no reason for complying with his wishes or removing him from an appointment which he has only recently been selected to fill. I have every confidence in his ability. His perseverance and Anderson had considerable weight with me in selecting him for the appointment, and his ability to perform the combined duties of Colonial Secretary & Auditor General in a satisfactory manner, shows himself above par - provided that he is steady and willing to subordinate his personal feelings to the public interest, a point in which he appears from the correspondence now before me to have somewhat failed.\n\nAt the same time I am able to acquit you of blame in connexion with this matter.",
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    {
        "id": 304933,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-186 - Public Offices & Others - 1879",
        "page_number": 190,
        "title": "CO129-186 - Public Offices & Others - 1879",
        "content_text": "## Proofread Text\n\nThe conference after then quitting in association. F.O. die \n\nA \n\nnothing so was wrote in 7.6. best _ 2? dust in 3967- \n\nThis reply being unsatisfactory \n\n& This is the answer \n\nWe can only refer to the previous correspondence, again a copy of the minutes of the dispatch transmitting them, which whether than I don't have seen get Term communicated to this Office are any, such is conceivable then any comes to such an important agreement without reporting his action for the approval of the S. of S. on that F.O. commerce have sent them without informing Leading us copies \n\nW. Herbul \n\nIssued to F.O. on you \n\n125/5 \n\nRoot May 9 \n\nwas hurt of They \n\nSaw \n\nthe frank \n\nAmidst _ The sub-reference to are those printed at p. 21 as the enclosure to no. 18. a word was said to us at the time \n\n4843 \n\n78 \n\nbeen \n\nThis reply 3294 \n\n* \n\nwhich was not with the papers when I wrote the above minute. But we have heard nothing from the Government of this empty agreement, \n\na Swan Sis B. Robution only » understand that M. Hennessy approves \" _ to the matter was incomplete ; Wales were meant to have approved and adopted by the Commission \n\nBut now Lad Salisbury has told the H. of L. since 4.30 that the Government reports that the grievances have ceased, a thing therefore that the Commission is not required. The grievances have not Ceased In M. Hennessy's such as the report of the \n\n4.57 \n\nat the land \n\n29 \n\n24 5779 \n\n186 \n\nCommerce at this annual meeting - when that \n\nbroad spoken by both, about the matter_ \n\na \n\nThey appointed \n\ndeputation to interview Sir Thos. Wade, a circumstance \n\nin \n\nIn \n\nwhich is In truth Isle - Empower to the F.O. for die). Pannaght short of its time; a Mr Hennessy's despatches \n\nYears old \n\n(`11203/17`) Aug. \n\nan th \n\n3. & Aug 30.77: du p. 9 7 frinh (208). \n\nMonths after that April 1.78. (`3967`) - F.O. write about the personnel departmental Conference in getting the basis of discussion for Commissioners _ a where Low Salisbury's speech waches the \n\nsoft Colony, there is pretty, sun the a remonstrance. \n\nMeanwhile this letter was written savore days before that \n\nre-open \n\nThe matter \n\nSpeech, & I do not see how we are to After this declaration by the Foreign Secretary; & Things remain just when they \n\nFour years ass - \n\nI learnt from Sir J. Panefste that there would be a difficulty about placing the three stations under the Foreign Inspectuate, for that Irol remits its collections to the Imperial Treasury at Pekin; while the takings at These stations go to the Hoppo (alias Hoppo) at Canton. but if that officer would appoint European officers to Collect for him, an object where by becoming, as his \n\nam gains women \n\nto be his \n\nProbably be increased : a distinction \n\nThat was no \n\nwas no dubious News \n\nJud Shin Gst in R. Robertino \n\nin his arguments; of which the way son have not heard previously- \n\n? Put Boy. \n\nyes. The perseverance \n\nnow the hear \n\nMs. \n\n14/ \n\nformer, \n\nunto ory acute apprentice, of at Bent any",
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    {
        "id": 305035,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-186 - Public Offices & Others - 1879",
        "page_number": 292,
        "title": "CO129-186 - Public Offices & Others - 1879",
        "content_text": "## References for Thomas S. Hance\n\n### J. McAdam & Sons\nLIMERICK, 31st December, 1878.\n\nWe have great pleasure in stating that Mr. THOMAS S. HANCE served his full apprenticeship with us in the Druggist business, and was thoroughly competent to manage the business of any Establishment at the time he left us, and since then has passed a most creditable examination as Pharmaceutical Chemist, and is at present quite competent to discharge the duties of an Apothecary to any Establishment. During his apprenticeship he had large experience in the Compounding Department, and acquitted himself most creditably, and we have no hesitation in saying if appointed as Apothecary to the Union, he will perform the duties to the entire satisfaction of all concerned.\n\nDated as above.\n\n**J. MCADAM & SONS**\n131, GEORGE STREET, LIMERICK\n\n### J. P. Evans & Co.\nLIMERICK, December 24th, 1878.\n\nOur business in the Drug Department was conducted by MR. THOMAS S. HANCE some years ago, and he managed it in an energetic and satisfactory manner.\n\nWe have known him for several years whilst residing in Limerick, and can bear testimony to his upright conduct in every respect and perseverance at his Profession. Having a manner that pleases, and being of an equable temperament, we consider him well fitted to fill any public position open to him.\n\nHaving successfully passed his examination as Pharmaceutical Chemist, no question as to ability can arise; irrespective of it, however, perfect confidence may be placed upon his integrity in the discharge of his duties.\n\nWe personally should be glad to see MR. HANCE appointed to the office he seeks—namely, Apothecary to the Limerick Union.\n\n(Signed),\n**J. P. EVANS & CO.**\nWILLIAM STREET, LIMERICK\n\n### J. & G. Boyd\nLIMERICK, December 24th, 1878.\n\nMR. THOMAS S. HANCE has been conducting our Drug Department for over five years, during which time his upright and gentlemanly deportment, and his close application to our business has been to our satisfaction, and has won for him the esteem of all who have been transacting business with him. He paid special attention to the Drugs, with a view to taking out a Diploma for \"Pharmaceutical Chemist,\" which he has done in a very creditable manner, as his Diploma will show.\n\nHaving read your advertisement for an Apothecary for the Union Workhouse, he makes this application for the situation, and we believe that if you appoint him you will have a zealous, faithful, and efficient man filling this onerous position.\n\nYours faithfully,\n(Signed) **J. & G. BOYD**\n\n### Apothecaries Hall\n40, MARY-STREET, DUBLIN,\n9th January, 1879.\n\nI have much pleasure in bearing testimony to the ability displayed by Mr. HANCE when he was a pupil. I consider that he is quite capable of filling any responsible post, the duties of which are connected with Pharmacy and Compounding.\n\nSigned,\n**C. R. C. TICHBOURNE, LL.D. Ph.D. &c., President Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland**\n\n### Thackeray & Co.\nMOLESWORTH PLACE, DUBLIN,\n8th January, 1879.\n\nWe have much pleasure in testifying as to the character and abilities of MR. THOMAS HANCE, whom we have known for several years, and during his apprenticeship, and from the many opportunities we are sure he has had to acquire a perfect knowledge of the business as a Compounder of Medicine, we believe him to be eminently fitted for the discharge of the duties of the office of which he is a candidate, namely, Apothecary to the Limerick Workhouse.\n\n**THACKERAY & CO.**\nWholesale Druggists.\n236",
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    {
        "id": 308649,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-192 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 639,
        "title": "CO129-192 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "628\n\n塾英\n\n每然\n\n漢文粗淺英語遺忘矣惟聖會義學專教英文漫分時候是以獲益長多彼童家雖耳所聞者多是西洋中華言語迨出塾時說英語繕英文兩者俱佳肄業五六年間均計每日學習英文一時三刻或僅二時兼之大書院在該時期兼教方學代數化學等無怪乎遞年出院之童莫能說英語矣無怪夫文一節所有虧欠顯然易見矣推原其故敝監院以爲實因國家書館一向分時兼教英文華文桉漢文字義學之頗難學童家耳不聞英語况在塾同類者爲陪審之員按此數輩以華人而得備陪審人員之列或在港另有善說英語之華人若稽其肄業之區則自香港面外者由此觀之香港教習英文竟不能獲六人之数因照港例卽一千八百六十四年第十一條則例第四歎凡不闇英語者不得備陪審人員之列致使華人有因罪被鞫而不獲與其即本港能說英語之少年與十年來之教誨一較歴時如此之久效如此之少鹹不敷也現在香港居民華人不下十三萬五千欲從中選舉陪審人員書塾肄業五年要之如此教法倘果有益則少年子弟善說英語者今不乏人矣但自問絕不偏私實在可云現能說英語者寥寥無幾叉除英人子女外十名皆循法竭力兼教英文華文者監院以爲照依去歲之數而言溯自十年來均計每年可得專學英文或兼學英文華文之童九百名叉彼等各在教英文者或兼教英文華文者去歲學童共二百二十二名又有天主教耶穌教各聖會之輔翼義學專學英文者三百六十名合共學童約一千八百八童八百四十名其間學英文者計有四白之多惜其教法仍有未備者更有國家大書院兼訓英文華文者去歲學童九百九十名又有國家各義學或專\n\n學見數\n\n輩\n\n惟國家書塾則欲爲所不能爲兼以忍耐堅守成法實足驚奇殊堪拜服\n\nmore or less English teaching also tainted with imperfection. Adding to this number 590 boys who were taught both English and Chinese in the Central School last year and 223 boys taught English or English and Chinese conjointly in outs Me Government Schools, also 368 children whocceived exclusively English teaching in Grant-in-aid Schools, both Catholic and Protes- tant, we have a total of 1,880 children under some sort of methodic and on the whole good English or Anglo-Chinese tuition. I feel sure I am not far wrong if I add, on the basis of the statistics of last year, that for the last twenty years an annual average of 900 children has been under English or Anglo-Chinese instruction, and that each child attended such teaching on an average for 5 years. Yet, considering what a number of English speaking young people there ought to be in the Colony if this teaching was at all effective, the fact strikes every impartial ob- server that the number of English speaking in- habitants is very small in the Colony and that, apart from the children of English parents, the number of English speaking young men and wo- men in the Colony is out of all proportion with the amount of English teaching given during the last twenty years. Out of\n\npopulation of at least 135,000 Chinese resident in this Colony, we cannot muster even half a dozen Chinese on the Jury list, as under Ordinance No. 11 of 1864, Section IV, no person ignorant of the English\n\nlanguage can serve as a Juror, the effect of which is that Chinese offenders are generally tried by Jurors who are not their peers. Most of those Chinese who are Jurors or who do speak English fluently are found, on inquiry, to have been educated outside of this Colony. The prin- cipal cause of this manifest educational failure, as far us English speaking is concerned, I see in the attempt which the Government Schools of this Colony have all along made of dividing their limited time between English and Chinese teach- ing. As the Chinese written language is extra- ordinarily difficult, as almost all the children in Government Schools never hear English spoken in home, and are on an average only 5 or 6 years at school and scarcely more than 33/4 hours per diem at English studies into which-in the case of the Central School-even Geometry, Algebra and Chemistry are crammed, it is not to be wondered\n\nat that an overwhelming majority of scholars leave our Government Schools year after year unable to speak English and with but a smatter- ing of the written Chinese language, whilst sure to forget soon again most of the English know- ledge acquired in school. Those Grant-in-aid\n\nSchools which teach English at all give their whole undivided time to it and the result is of course satisfactory; though most of those children hear but Portuguese or Chinese spoken in their homes, they leave school able to speak English and able to write it to a certain extent with faci- lity. It is only in the Government Schools that the Danaide labour of trying to do the impossible is still continued with a perseverance worthy of all admiration.\n\n於男\n\n璎\n\n或\n\n四\n\n男得四之三女得四之一但此塾男女童比較其數亦如疇昔年去歲實是十增其一但將各家管轄各女童之數較諸前增至四百三十一名故畧計國得女童三百四十三名去年則七十九名又查聖會義學前年三十五名去年頓減僅得一百查國家義學2年得女童二百\n\n論及女學較諸兒童似更虧\n\n於理或有未當\n\n欠\n\n所立不教門者或各聖會所傳楊天主耶穌二教者無非教人以克已愛人正心修身之道故各塾所關爲國民同各修其身而後乃可但監院深信上文所陳各塾果增此益與國與民蓋各書塾無論華人所設遵奉儒教者或國家小子讀書摹字殊非成全教化之意以此教法不足使人爲良民倘欲使國與民並受其益必須使肄業諸童各正其心八百四十名又有華人儒教書塾或有學童一千三百名而屬國家察理者共計學童約有三千四百六十名竊思徒教本港各塾教條若何賁爲最要按本港除各育嬰堂所有書塾内之小子外有未入國家察理之天主教書塾約有學童三百名其間有或晝夜學習英文者約三百名但惜其教英文之法猶未盡善者天主教書塾未入國家察理者學恥以爲香港華人趨不流於不英不華交雜之民而使政刑各署有不勝繁擾之事上文所言華人儒教書塾學童一千天文地理格物致知之道與夫外邦風俗當代規模齊驅幷教如斯固可使在港產育說英語之民且不慮有如今日所人語言者未嘗二什得一故與其教習華文究不如使多人解言英語在港教習英文之爲愈且也若教英文便可兼用\n\n是一般珍貴但念使闔港興盛助國家治理如此地者則說華人語言者十居九五而歐洲人與各署官憲求其解華\n\n4. As regards the education of the girls which\n\nis even more neglected in Hongkong than the education of boys the number of girls in Govern-\n\nment Schools fell from 235 in 1878 to 179 in\n\n1879, but as the number of girls in Grant-in-aid\n\nSchools increased at the same time from 343 in 1878 to 431 in 1879, there has really been an\n\nadvance made in 1879 amounting to 10 per cent.\n\nover the total number of girls in schools under\n\nGovernment supervision in the previous year. The proportion of girls to boys in those schools\n\ncollectively is still about 1 to 4, which is a very unsatisfactory state of things.\n\n5. The nature of the instruction afforded in\n\nthe schools of the Colony is a matter of the ut-\n\nmost importance. Not counting the infants in\n\nthe schools of the Foundling Houses of the Co- lony, there were about 840 children in Roman\n\nCatholic Schools not subject to Government\n\nsupervision, there were further about 1,800 chil-\n\ndren in independent native Confucian Schools, and 3,460 were in schools under Government super-\n\nvision. Now whilst considering that mere teach-\n\ning of reading and writing and so forth is not education, and does not in itself tend to produce better citizens, but that the kind of instruction which would benefit the State and Public Society\n\nmust have a tendency to form a high moral cha-\n\nracter in the scholars, I still believe that every one of those schools above mentioned contributes\n\nto a certain degree such real benefit to Public Society and to the State. For in all those schools, whether they be purely native and therefore\n\nConfucian, or purely Government Schools and\n\ntherefore secular, or Grant-in-aid Schools and as such Christian Schools, all the children in these\n\nschools are being imbued with the principles of\n\nlove and self-sacrifice, with the spirit of a pure\n\nand elevating system of morality. So far all those\n\nschools are on the whole of equal value to the\n\nGovernment and to the community. But what\n\nis of specially great importance to the prosperity\n\nof the Colony and to the administration of the\n\nGovernment in a Colony like this, where over 95\n\nper cent. of the population speak Chinese only\n\nand scarcely 5 per cent. of the European residents\n\nand officials speak or understand anything of\n\nChinese, is an extensive promotion of a know-\n\nledge of English. The principal advantage of\n\nEnglish teacling in this Colony, compared with\n\n('hinese, is this that the teaching is then com-\n\nbined with the enhanced educational influences\n\nof natural science and modern civilisation, and\n\nthat it furnishes the means of creating here\n\nan Anglo-Chinese community in place of that\n\nhybrid form of social life, with pidgin English\n\nspeech, towards which the Chinese community in\n\nHongkong must otherwise continue to drift to\n\nthe great embarrassment of the Executive and\n\nJudicial departments of the Government, Out of\n\nthose 1,300 scholars in independent native schools\n\n(including night schools) about 300 are taught\n\nEnglish in a very imperfect fashion. Of the 840 scholars in Roman Catholic Schools, not under Government supervision. I assume 400 to receive",
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    {
        "id": 310730,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "page_number": 309,
        "title": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "content_text": "3\n\nFrom J. G. Davenport, Esq., Barrister at Law, and Fellow of Brazenose College, Oxford.\n\nGENTLEMEN,\n\n13, OLD BUILDINGS, LINCOLN'S INN,\n\n5th December, 1877.\n\nMr. EDWARD HUME has a great deal of practical wisdom and tact, and he is eminently suited for dealing with gentlemen whether in business or otherwise. He has stated to me the duties which will be required of your Secretary, and in my opinion he would apply his abilities and education to the performance of these duties to the great advantage of your company. He writes a good and clear hand, clearly expressed, and would conduct correspondence in an admirable manner.\n\nHe once assisted me in my duties as Secretary to the Governing Body of Winchester School, prepared the agenda, drew the minutes and did everything to the entire satisfaction of the meeting. He has great perseverance and takes immense pains to do everything well and completely. I have known him undertake heavy tasks which have not baffled him. He has a very large University and general acquaintance, and I have always found him (and I have known him intimately for the last 12 years) manage, by his excellent tact and temper, to get on capitally with all sorts of people and to make himself universally a favourite.\n\nHis practice at the Bar has been far from inconsiderable, and his legal knowledge must be of great service to him in any business appointment he may hold.\n\nI have the honour to be GENTLEMEN,\n\nTo the Master Wardens and Court of Assistants\n\nof the Worshipful Company of Skinners.\n\nYour faithful Servant,\n\nJOHN G. DAVENPORT.\n\nFrom J. C. Whitehorne, Esq., Barrister at Law.\n\n9, OLD SQUARE,\n\nLINCOLN'S INN, 5th Dec. 1877.\n\nMY DEAR HUME,\n\nI am glad to hear that you are a candidate for the Secretaryship of the Skinners' Company and wish you success, as far as I can judge you are the very man for such a post which, as I conceive, requires a competent knowledge of law, reasonable familiarity with business, and the integrity and courtesy of a gentleman. In all these respects I can testify that you are well qualified.\n\nBelieve me,\n\nYours truly,\n\nJ. CHARLES WHITEHORNE.\n\nE. HUME, Esq.\n\n303",
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    {
        "id": 310731,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "page_number": 310,
        "title": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "content_text": "GENTLEMEN,\n\nFrom J. K. Peck, Esq., Barrister at Law.\n\nLINCOLN'S INN,\n\n26 April, 1877.\n\nI am requested by my friend Mr. EDWARD HUME—who is a candidate for the office of your Secretary—to state what I know of his qualifications for such an employment. I do this with sincere pleasure. Mr. HUME was a pupil in my Chambers before his call to the Bar, in 1867, and was very useful to me; and since that time I have occasionally had the benefit of his assistance as a conveyancer. I think him well adapted by his ability, steady business habits, and legal training, for fulfilling the duties—as described in your circular—of the vacant office. And I am sure that you could not select a man whose character and disposition would render him more universally and deservedly acceptable to all brought into business or social relations with him.\n\nThe Governing Body,\n\nI am Gentlemen,\n\nYour obedient Servant,\n\nJ. K. PECK.\n\nWinchester College.\n\nP.S. The fact that Mr. Hume left the Bar for some time with the view of becoming a solicitor—whilst it has perhaps retarded his progress as a Barrister—may be considered to have increased his business capacities by the wider experience he must thus have gained.\n\nGENTLEMEN,\n\nFrom Messrs. Clabon and Fearon, Solicitors.\n\n21, ST. GEORGE STREET, WESTMINSTER, 2nd May, 1877.\n\nWe have much pleasure in stating our belief that Mr. EDWARD HUME, of Lincoln's Inn, who is a candidate for the post of Secretary to Winchester College, would be a most fit person for the office.\n\nFrom the fact that he has had professional experience both as a barrister and solicitor, in the former of which capacities we have had personal experience of his competency, we are satisfied that he will be found specially fitted to manage such of the business affairs of the College as will fall within the scope of his duties, if your choice falls on him.\n\nTo the Governing Body,\n\nWinchester College.\n\nWe have the honour to be,\n\nGentlemen,\n\nYour most obedient servants,\n\nCLABON AND FEARON.\n\nFrom Rev. G. G. Bradley, D.D., Master of University College, Oxford.\n\nTo the Governing Body of Winchester College,\n\nGENTLEMEN,\n\nFrom Rev. S. W. Wayte, M.A., President of Trinity College, Oxford.\n\nTRINITY COLLEGE, OXFORD, 26th April, 1877.\n\nMr. EDWARD HUME was well known to me while he was in residence at this college, at which he took his degree in 1864. I believe him to be well qualified to fulfil the duties of the office which he is now seeking to obtain. He is ready and intelligent, his manners and address are pleasing, and he is, as I believe, a man of sound and right principles. His ability is such as would enable him to discharge the duties of the office for which he is a candidate in a manner that would, I believe, give full satisfaction to those with whom he would be connected.\n\nTo the Governing Body,\n\nWinchester College.\n\nS. W. WAYTE.\n\nMY LORDS AND GENTLEMEN,\n\nFrom F. T. Procter, Esq., Barrister-at-Law.\n\n23, OLD SQUARE,\n\nLINCOLN'S INN, May 7th, 1877.\n\nI understand that my friend Mr. EDWARD HUME is a candidate for the post of Secretary to Winchester College, and as I have experienced the value of his services to me as a conveyancer, and the worth of his character as a man, I feel that I have had exceptional means of judging of his capabilities for any office in which a clear intellect, combined with methodical exactness and sterling moral qualities, are indispensable.\n\nI have known Mr. Hume now for some 13 or 14 years, in fact since he commenced studying for the Bar, and from the assistance he has given me from time to time in my work, as well as from seeing him on business matters connected with a firm who were clients of mine when he was intending to be a Solicitor, with a view to entering that Firm, I have formed a very high opinion of his ability, perseverance, and powers of conscientious work.\n\nI have read the paper showing what duties are expected from the Secretary, and I have no hesitation in expressing my opinion that if the Governing Body were to elect him, they would find him fully competent to perform them.\n\nWith regard to his moral and social qualities, which I assume will have some weight in the choice of the Governing Body, I cannot find words to express my sense of his goodness, his honour, and amiability of disposition, and I might also add, that I know of no one more universally popular with men, and more likely to be a favourite with every one with whom he may be brought into contact, whether they be men or boys, if he were to be chosen Secretary.\n\nUNIVERSITY COLLEGE,\n\nOXFORD,\n\n3rd May, 1877.\n\nMr. EDWARD HUME was educated at Marlborough, which he left two years after my own appointment to the Mastership.\n\nHe bore a very high character at School which he has fully maintained in after life, and from all that I know and have heard of his ability, high principle, and manner, I should strongly recommend him for the post for which he is a candidate.\n\nG.G. BRADLEY.\n\nTo the Governing Body\n\nof Winchester College,\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nMy LORDS AND GENTLEMEN,\n\nYours faithfully, FREDERICK TOWNSEND PROCTER.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881.txt",
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        "id": 321126,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-207 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1883 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 505,
        "title": "CO129-207 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1883 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "502\n\n4\n\nWe extract a few interesting passages from a recent article of the Paris Figaro regarding the Holy Father, Leo XIII, who puts in practice the advice given by an Italian Princess to a King of France: \"Now, my son, you must stitch\" (il faut coudre). The Pope has been stitching for five years with wonderful patience and perseverance. He has desired to bring back the Governments of Europe to himself, and everybody knows how he has succeeded. Envoys, more or less recognised by Mr. Gladstone, ascend the great Vatican staircase side by side with the Ambassador of the German Empire, with the Grand Duke Constantino Nicolavich, the Tsar's uncle, and Russian diplomats, greatly surprised to meet here. The venerable old man may congratulate himself on his work. At the price of what labour he thus guides the bark of Peter to port, we shall see.\n\nThe writer then describes a day of the Pope's life—his early Mass, his audience to the Secretary of State, Cardinal Jacobini, \"of rare political knowledge,\" and to the other Cardinal Secretaries, each of whom has his fixed day; the meagre one o'clock dinner of a plate of soup, one plate of meat, and cheese, lasting only a few minutes; his afternoon walk or ride, utilised in reading the reports of Bishops or Nuncios; his public and private audiences at four p.m.; his reception of Bishops in the evening; and then, at the end of his long day, his hours in his private cabinet: \"then it is that Leo XIII is able to work,\" concludes the writer.\n\nHis personal appearance and manner is thus described:\n\nTall, thin, dry, his face long, pale and wrinkled, Leo XIII is of delicate health, which he takes little care of.\n\nTHE CATHOLIC REGISTER.\n\nHONGKONG RATES OF POSTAGE.\n\nREVISED JANUARY, 1883.\n\nIn the following Statements and Tables the Rates are given in cents, and are, for letters per half ounce, for Books and Patterns, per two ounces.\n\nNewspapers over four ounces in weight are charged as double, treble, etc., as the case may be, but such papers or packets of papers may be sent at Book Rate. Two Newspapers must not be folded together as one, nor must anything whatever be inserted except loose file Supplements. Printed matter may, however, be enclosed, if the whole be paid at Book Rate. Price Current may be paid either as Newspapers or Books.\n\nCommercial Papers signify such papers as, though written by hand, do not bear the character of an actual or personal correspondence, such as invoices, deeds, copied music, &c. The charge on them is the same as for books, but, whatever the weight of a packet containing any partially written paper, it will not be charged less than 5 cents.\n\nThe sender of any Registered Article may accompany it with a Return Receipt on paying an extra fee of 5 cents.\n\nCommercial Papers to Foreign Post Offices is 4 oz. Patterns for such offices are limited to 8 ounces, and must not exceed these dimensions: 8 inches by 6 inches by 2 inches.\n\nCOUNTRIES OF THE POSTAL UNION.\n\nThe Union may be taken to comprise Europe, all foreign possessions in Asia, Japan, W. Africa, Egypt, Mauritius, N. America, Mexico, Salvador, Brazil, Peru, Chili, Venezuela, the Argentine Republic, Jamaica, Trinidad, Guiana, Honduras, Bermuda, French, Netherlands, Portuguese and Spanish Colonies.\n\nCountries NOT in the Union.---The chief countries not in the Union are the Australasian Group, and S. Africa.\n\nPOSTAGE TO UNION COUNTRIES.\n\nGeneral Rate, by any route:\n\nLetters,......... 10 cents per 1 oz.\n\nPost Cards...... 2 cents each.\n\nNewspapers, ............ 2 cents each.\n\nBooks, Patterns and Commercial Papers,\n\n2 cents per 2 oz.\n\nRegistration, ............ 10 cents.\n\nThere is no charge on redirected correspondence within the Postal Union.\n\nHis austerity is extreme. The spiritual sovereign of over 200 millions of Catholics does not spend £100 a month for his table. His highly-developed nervous system alone enables him to resist the fatigues of his vast occupations and labours. Sometimes he appears dejected or exhausted. Some of good news brought by telegram gives him new life. He is always grave and solemn, always the Pope. The Italians describe his exterior by the word \"ceremonious.\" Gravity is inherent in his nature. His contemporaries recognised this when he was a boy. He never abandons himself, and is not easily provoked to laughter. He would be thought severe, were it not that he tempers the solemnity of his address with the patient attention with which he listens without interrupting those who speak to him.... Leo XIII speaks with the same slowness as the Archbishop of Paris. If the Pope and the Cardinal have not received the gifts of the orator, they are, on the other hand, writers.\n\nIt is stated that not only does his Holiness submit his letters and encyclicals to the Sacred College, but he listens to advice, and frequently after long discussion, entirely re-casts encyclicals he has prepared. As he sleeps badly, he often spends hours in the night in writing these documents. Finally, the Italian ex-Minister Bonghi, said of Leo XIII, that he was \"one of the most evenly-balanced and most vigorous of characters: one who has realised the idea of a Cardinal as traced by St. Bernard.\"\n\nThere was hanged at Steinamanger, in Hungary, a peasant woman from Szordabely, named Lyukas Kathi, the perpetrator of a series of crimes which had excited universal horror. The criminal was fifty-two years of age, short in stature, and of a placid aspect. She compounded arsenic in cakes which she disposed of at a high price to persons who desired to get rid of their relatives. Lyukas killed two husbands of her own, and she was accused of twenty-six other murders, six of which she confessed to.\n\nPOSTAGE TO NON-UNION COUNTRIES.\n\nAustralia, New Zealand, Tasmania, and Fiji, via Torres Straits, Letters, 10; Registration, 10; Newspapers, 2; Books and Patterns, 2: Via Suez, Letters, 25; Registration, 10; Newspapers, 2; Books and Patterns, 2.\n\nNatal, the Cape, St. Helena, Ascension, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Letters, 25; Registration, 10; Books & Patterns, 5.\n\nLOCAL POSTAGE.\n\nLetters, per 1/2 oz., 2 cents.\n\nRegistration, 10 cents.\n\nPost Cards, 2 cents.\n\nBooks, 2 cents per 2 oz.\n\nNewspapers, 1 cent each.\n\nGeneral Local Rates?\n\nChina, Tonquin, & Japan, Siam & Cochin China (d), Overland General Route, and the Philippines (d) Via Singapore, 10 cents.\n\n(e)\n\nBetween Canton, and\n\nSILVER QUOTATIONS.\n\nHongkong and Shanghai Bank--New Issue--160 per cent premium.\n\nHongkong and Shanghai Bank--New Issue--148 per cent premium, sellers.\n\nUnion Insurance Society of Canton--\n\n$1,850 per share, buyers.\n\nChina Traders' Insurance Company--\n\n$1,650 per share.\n\nNorth China Insurance Co.--Tls. 1,225 per share.\n\nCanton Insurance Company, Limited,--\n\n$136 per share, sellers.\n\nYangtze Insurance Association--Tls. 870 per share.\n\nChinese Insurance Company-- $215 per share.\n\nOn Tui Insurance Company, Limited,--\n\nTls. 148 per share.\n\nHongkong Fire Insurance Company--\n\n$1,160 per share.\n\nChina Fire Insurance Company--\n\n$9223 per share, sellers.\n\nHongkong and Whampoa Dock Company--30 per cent premium.\n\nHongkong, Canton and Macao Steam-ship Company---$33 per share, premium.\n\nHongkong Gas Company--$82 per share.\n\nHongkong Hotel Company--130 per share.\n\nIndo-China Steam Navigation Company, Limited,--10 per cent discount.\n\nChina Sugar Refining Company, Limited--$207 per share.\n\nChina Sugar Refining Company--(Debentures)--3 per cent premium.\n\nLuzon Sugar Refining Company, Limited--$108 per share.\n\nHongkong Ice Company --$170 per share.\n\nHongkong and China Bakery Company, Limited,--$60 per share.\n\nChinese Imperial Loan of 1879--2 per cent premium.\n\nChinese Imperial Loan of 1881--24 per cent premium.\n\nOn London.--\n\nEXCHANGE.\n\nBank Bills, on demand,.......8/73\n\nBank Bills, at 30 d/s, 8/7\n\nCredits, at 4 m/s.\n\n3/7\n\nDocumentary Bills, at 4 m/s, 3/U\n\nOn Paris--Bank Bills, demand, 4.54\n\nCredits, at 4 m/s 4.62\n\nOn Bombay--Bank, 3 dis.....\n\n.222\n\nOn Calcutta--Bank, 3 dis.......2223\n\nOn Shanghai--Bank, sight,\n\n72\n\nPrivate, 50 dis\n\n73\n\nFlour\n\nHalf day\n\nDay\n\nQuarterly fallen\n\nDirection of Wind...\n\nWet Thermometer 64o\n\nTHERMOMETER, do\n\nBAROMETER,\n\nPrevious day\n\nat 1 p.m.\n\nOn date\n\nat 10 a.m.\n\nPrevious day\n\nat 1.\n\nOn date\n\n10 p.m.\n\nPrevious day\n\nN\n\nat 10 ..\n\nPrevious day\n\n4.ro.\n\nOn date\n\n10 1,\n\nHongkong, Saturday, February 24, 1883.\n\nCHURCH NOTICES.\n\nHOURS OF DIVINE SERVICE ON SUNDAYS AND FEASTS OF OBLIGATION.\n\nCATHEDRAL, WELLINGTON STREET.\n\nHigh Mass with Sermon in Portuguese at 8 a.m. throughout the year.\n\nFirst Mass..........at 6\n\nSecond Mass.......at 7\n\nHigh Mass..........at 9 a.m.\n\nLast Mass..........at 5½ p.m.\n\nBENEDICTION OF THE MOST HOLY SACRAMENT.\n\nNovember 1st to February 28th...... 5 p.m.\n\nMarch, April, September, & October 5½ p.m.\n\nMay 1st to August 31st... 6 p.m.\n\nOne hour before the Benediction there is Instruction in Christian Doctrine in Portuguese.\n\n3 p.m.\n\n4 p.m.\n\nST. FRANCIS' CHURCH, WANCHAI.\n\nFirst Mass, Sermon in Chinese.........6 a.m.\n\nSecond Mass, Sermon in Portuguese, 7 a.m.\n\nCatechism for Chinese\n\nCatechism for Portuguese.\n\nBenediction of the M. H. Sacrament à jun.\n\nST. JOSEPH'S CHURCH, GARDEN ROAD.\n\nMass with Sermon in English ............\n\nBENEDICTION OF THE MOST HOLY SACRAMENT.\n\nOn Sunday...7 a.m.\n\nDays of Devotion..... after Mass.\n\nCHAPEL OF THE SACRED HEART, WEST POINT.\n\nMass with Benediction of the Most Holy Sacrament at 8 a.m.\n\nDAYS OF DEVOTION.\n\nPeak...$0.75 each Coolie.\n\nGap...$0.60 each Coolie.\n\nINRICKSHA.\n\nQuarter of an hour or less\n\nHalf an hour.\n\nOne Hour\n\n5 cents.\n\n10 cents.\n\n15 cents.\n\n25 cents.\n\n35 cents.\n\n50 cents.\n\nLEGALISED TARIFF OF FARES FOR CHAIRS, QUADRI-BEARERS, AND BOATS, IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG.\n\nChairs and Ordinary Pillaway Boats.\n\nHalf hour... One hour\n\nSix hours\n\nThree hours\n\nSix hours.\n\nOne day (12 hours)\n\nTO VICTORIA PEAK.\n\nSingle Trip.\n\nFour Coolies\n\n$1.00\n\nThree Coolies\n\n$0.85\n\nTwo Coolies\n\n$0.70\n\nReturn (direct or by Pok-fu-lam).\n\nFour Coolies\n\n$1.50\n\nThree Coolies\n\n$1.20\n\nTwo Coolies\n\n$1.00\n\nNov. 1st to April 30th\n\nMay 1st to Oct. 31st\n\nFour Coolies\n\nThree Coolies\n\nTwo Coolies\n\n$0.60\n\n$0.50\n\n$0.40\n\nReturn (direct or by Pok-fu-lam).\n\nFour Coolies........... $1.00\n\nThree Coolies........ $0.85\n\nTwo Coolies.......... $0.70\n\nTO VICTORIA GAP (TO LEVEL OF UMBRELLA SEAT).\n\nSingle Trip.\n\nTwo Coolies.... 30 cents.\n\nThe Return Fare embraces a trip of not more than three hours.\n\nFor every hour or part of an hour above three hours, each Coolie will be entitled to an additional payment of 5 cents.\n\nBOAT AND COOLIE HIRE.\n\n1st Class Cargo Boat of 600 or 800 piculs, per Day.... $3.00\n\n1st Class Cargo Boat of 800 or 400 piculs, per Load,........... 2nd Class Cargo Boat of 600 piculs, per Day $2.50\n\n2nd Class Cargo Boat of 800 piculs, per Load ................ 3rd Class Cargo Boat or Ha-kow Boat of 300 piculs, per Day... $1.50\n\n3rd Class Cargo Boat or Ha-kow Boat of 300 piculs, per Load.. $1.00\n\n3rd Class Cargo Boat or Ha-kow Boat of 300 piculs, Half Day... $0.50\n\nSAMPAN or Pullaway Boats, per Day.....$1.00\n\nOne Hour... 20 cents.\n\nHalf-an-Hour 10 cents.\n\nSTANDT COOLIES.\n\nScale of Hire for Street Coolies.\n\nOne Day, ..........50 cents.\n\nHalf Day,....... 20 cents.\n\nThree Hours......... 12 cents.\n\nOne Hour............ 5 cents.\n\nHalf Hour......... 3 cents.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nAN EXCELLENT TUTOR of the MANDARIN DIALECT is desirous of giving lessons to a few scholars. Speaks only the Mandarin Dialect.\n\nAddress E. Office of this Paper.\n\nHongkong, 18th February, 1883.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nLESSONS given in English, also French (fluency required in French), by Mrs. J. M. Kuntion, Victoria School, Hongkong, 15th January, 1883.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nTREATISE on PURGATORY. By St. Catherine of Genoa. With Preface by His Eminence Cardinal Manning. Cloth, gilt lettered.\n\nREMEMBRANCE for the Living to Obtain the Release of Souls from Purgatory. By Munford, J. With an Appendix on the Heroic Act, by Father John Morris, S.J. 3rd Edition.\n\nTHE Heroic Act of Charity. By Father Tom Morris, S.J.\n\nMONTH of the Souls in Purgatory 3rd Edition.\n\nROSARY for the Dead. Black on Steel, or mounted in silver.\n\nFLOWERS of November; or, Month of the Most Holy Church.\n\nApply at the Offices of this Paper.\n\nHongkong, 20th January, 1883.\n\nINTIMATIONS.\n\nFRANCE.\n\nCONTINENTAL & COLONIAL AGENCY (Licensed).\n\n14, RUE DU CHABROL, PARIS.\n\nTransacts every description of Commission Mercantile and General Business.\n\nAgents for manufacturers on most favorable terms.\n\nCONDITIONS.-- Two-and-a-half per cent Commission when Banker's Draft on London or Paris comprise Order. Same terms to regular correspondents. All Trade and Cash Discounts conceded to Purchasers. Original invoice sent when requested.\n\nFree storage taken charge of and routine and best advice given on Consignments.\n\nThe Agency Represents, Buys, and Sells for Firms.\n\nPublic Securities, Estates and Properties, bought and sold. Loans, Mortgages, Mines, and Investments, etc., negotiated.\n\nManufacturers and Producers can have saleable articles introduced to the markets on advantageous Conditions.\n\nPRICE LIST--Comprehensive and reliable--on application.\n\nBANKERS--Paris: George Water, Esq., R., Houdevant des Italiens, London: The London and County Bank, 3, Victoria Street, Westminster.\n\nDirectors.--The Manager, Continental and Colonial Agency, 14, Rue du Chabrol, Paris, France.\n\nGUEDES & Co. PRINTERS, STATIONERS, AND PRINT BOOKBINDERS.\n\nD'AQUILAR STREET.\n\nEVERY KIND OF WORK EXECUTED WITH ACCURACY, NEATNESS, & DESPATCH.\n\nVERY MODERATE TERMS.\n\nSELECTED MATERIALS FOR MARKET REPORTS.\n\nBook-binding and Printing in every style executed at low rates.\n\nWorkmanship guaranteed.\n\nHongkong, 1st February, 1883.\n\nJ. M. GUEDES.\n\nHOUSE AND LAND BROKER.\n\nAUCTIONEER AND COMMISSION AGENT.\n\nNo. 39, WELLINGTON STREET, HONGKONG.\n\nHongkong, 19th January, 1883.\n\nF. D. GUEDES.\n\nWINE MERCHANT AND GENERAL COMMISSION AGENT.\n\nNo. 5, 'AGULAN STREET.\n\nHAS always on hand a large assortment of CHOICE WINES of the best quality, at Moderate Prices.\n\nHongkong, 19th January, 1883.\n\nNOTICE. -\n\nTHE Establishments of GENERAL PRINTER AND BOOKBINDERS hitherto conducted by the undersigned will henceforth be carried on under the style or firm of GUEDES & Co.\n\nMr. F. D. Guedes being the only partner in the firm.\n\nDE SOUZA & Co.\n\nHongkong, 1st February, 1883.\n\nA KWONG,\n\nDEALERS IN FURNITURE, PLATED, GLASS AND CROCKERY WARE, &c. &c. &c.,\n\nAT MORRRA VALLES.\n\nNo. 41, Wellington Street, HONGKONG.\n\nA-TACK\n\nFURNITURE STORE, No. 49, Queen's Road, HONGKONG.\n\nAgents in Manila: Messrs. A. S. WATSON & Co.\n\nE. CASSUMBHOY,\n\nFURNITURE WAREHOUSE, No. 9, 11, 12, 13, and 14, BEACONSFIELD ARCADE.\n\nHas always on hand every description of English and Colonial made FURNITURE FOR SALE ON\n\nALSO\n\nCHINESE AND JAPANESE CURIOS.\n\nTO BE LET,\n\nTO LET.\n\nRooms 8, 16,\n\nN 26.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nTWO HOUSES in Belvedere Terrace, ANCIENT HISTORY, OKAMEER'S.\n\nHigh Street.\n\nApply to\n\nGUEDES & Co,\n\nON THE PREMISES.\n\nHongkong, 1st February, 1883.\n\nTO LET.\n\nGRANITE GODOWN, Blue Buildings, Praya East.\n\nApply to\n\nJ. M. GUEDES.\n\nHongkong, 20th January, 1883.\n\nTO LET.\n\nTT House No. 39. Wigton St (opposite the Roman Catholic Church), containing Four Rooms, Out Houses, &c.\n\nApply to\n\nGUEDES & Co.\n\nHongkong, 20th January, 1883.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nfor the use of Ladies and Gentleman.\n\nPrice, 50 cents.\n\nHongkong, 18 January, 1883.\n\nGUEDES & Co,\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nDOUBLE-BARREL FOWLING-PIECE (muzzle-loading).\n\nPatent escap Action, Twist Barrels, side-antium Locks; in leather case with Shot Pouch and Powder Flask.\n\nPrice, $1.\n\nApply at the Office of this Paper.\n\nTongkong, 20th January, 1883.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nTABLE showing the mean time of sunrise and sunset calculated for the Latitude of Hongkong or any other Latitude if required.\n\nPrice--20 Cents.\n\nA Rising and Settings of the sun and\n\nQUEDES & Co.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nBOOKKEEPING, ART OF, MARTIN'S.\n\nCHAMBER'S HISTORICAL and MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS.\n\nASTRONOMY,\n\nF\n\nR WILSON'S CATECHTENS OF\n\nBiography, Botany,\n\nCotton Things,\n\nEnglish Grammar,\n\nGeography,\n\nHistory'\n\nMusic,\n\nNatural Philosophy\n\nINQUIRE WITHIN SPON EVERYTHING,\n\nUN FOR LEISURE HOURS.\n\nGEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY,\n\nHISTORY OF ENGLAND.\n\nINTRODUCTION TO TUL SCIENCES.\n\nJOHNSON'S DICTIONARY.\n\nKNOWLEDGE, CIRCLE OF.\n\nLAWS OF LAWN TENNIS,\n\nM'\n\nEDIEVAL HISTORY, CHAMBER'S.\n\nNATURAL PHILOSOPHY, CHAMBER'S\n\nOUTLINES oF HISTORY,\n\nIOUS BIOGRAPHER.\n\nQUESTIONS ON NATURAL PHILOSOPHY\n\nRUDIMENTS OF KNOWLEDGE.\n\nSPELLING Boo£8.\n\nTHE FINDING OF DR. LIVINGSTONE.\n\nTH\n\n†NIVERSAL HISTORY.\n\nIGYRA'S DICTIONARY,\n\nTONDERS OF THE WORLD,\n\nTHE MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF the Continental, Foreign and British Ports--Price $25.\n\nGUEDES & Co.\n\nTHE WORLD, in 3 vol. comprising\n\nFOR SALE,\n\nANGLO-CHINESE CALENDAR for 1883, neatly printed on Card.\n\nPrice--20 Cents.\n\nGUEDES & Ca,\n\nBourd\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nDATE BLOCKS FOR 1883.\n\nPrice-70 Cents.\n\nGURDES & Co.\n\nFOR SALE, TABLE for Ascertaining any day of the\n\nWeek for any given within the present Century,\n\nOURDES & Co.\n\nIN THE PRESS.\n\nGUIDE TO HONGKONG AND THE FAR EAST, principally intended for the use of Visitors, but having also special Features of Interest to Residents.\n\nCONTENTS:\n\nHistorical Sketch of Hongkong.\n\nPlaces of Interest in and around Victoria.\n\nKowloon and Hongkong Harbour.\n\nSettlements and Villages on the Island.\n\nA Visit to the Native shops.\n\nStreet Scenes and Sounds.\n\nSome Chinese Customs and Superstitions.\n\nMono and Cat.\n\nAnglo-Chinese Parois & the Cantonese Dialect.\n\nThe Fauna of Hongkong (compiled for the first time).\n\nThe Flora\n\nThe Geology.\n\nThe Chinese Calendar, Weights and Measures.\n\nChair and Boat Tariff, English-Chinese List of places of interest and the principal firms.\n\nGeneral Index, etc., with two Maps.\n\nW. BREWER, Bookseller, &c.\n\nHongkong 1st February, 1883.\n\nXAVIER, ST. FRANCIS, LIFE OF\n\n\"YOUNG DEAN'S COMPANION.\n\n'GOLOGY, RUDIMENTS OP.\n\nApply to\n\nFRANCIS FRANCO,\n\nGarden Lodge.\n\nHongkong, 19th January, 1883.\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nSecond-hand Boats.\n\nMOLENSO'S ENLARGED ARITHMETIC,\n\nCHINESE GRAMMAR.\n\nFITY FAMOUS MEN.\n\nFIFTY FAMOUS WOMEN.\n\nTEMPERANCE ANECDOTES,\n\nENFIELD'S SPEAKER,\n\nJan Toverse'S GUIDE.\n\nCHAMBER'S INFORMATION,\n\nCOMMERCIAL LETTER WRITER,\n\nWHO WERE THE FIRST WEAVERS,\n\nWHO WAS THE FIRST PAPERMAKER.\n\nTHE PRACTICE AND THEORY OF CRICKET,\n\nWALTERS' WORLD,\n\nMUSEUM OF MIRTH.\n\nCOMMERCIAL GUIDE,\n\nMATTER AND MOTION,\n\nFIRST AID IN ACCIDENTS,\n\nTHE FLINT, BY ALBERT SMITH,\n\nTHE EVENING PARTIES, BY Do.\n\nWHO WERE THE FIRST BUILDERS,\n\nHOW TO PLAY BILLIARDS AND POOLS.\n\nCOLENSO'S ELEMINARY ARITHMETIC.\n\nSKILLING\n\nCHAMBER'S MODERN HISTORY.\n\nAlgebra and Key.\n\nPLANK GEOMETRY and Key.\n\nHALLECK'S POETICAL WORKS.\n\nELECTRICITY, BY DR. FERGUZON,\n\nCASBELL'S TECHNICAL EDUCATOR.\n\nDICTIONARY OF THE ART OF PRINTING,\n\nHISTORICAL ATLAS, by EDWARD QUIN, M.A.\n\nGUIDE of CONVERSATION in 313 languages.\n\nApply to\n\nFRANCIS FRANCO,\n\nGarden Lodge, Hongkong, 19th January, 1883.\n\nPage 503\n\n4\n\n[Content continues]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-207 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1883 [1-3].txt",
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        "id": 323817,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "page_number": 248,
        "title": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "content_text": "HIS LORD BISHOP:-Gentlemen, we have now arrived at the end of another year, and I have to make a statement to you with regard to the work that has been done during the past twelve months. The number of boys in the school has been 44, and the average attendance 40. We have to deplore the loss by death of one of our boys, and also the withdrawal of several, some on account of ill-health, and some because their parents have left the Colony. We have, however, gained several new boys, and I think on the whole the numbers have been fairly maintained. The work of the school has been, I think, very satisfactory. The boys have worked well, and the masters have worked well too. We have had our usual routine of classes and examinations, and I am glad to say that the results have been very encouraging.\n\nIn addition to these we hope next year to teach Chinese and Latin. Boys who are growing up here will not be able to find employment in government offices unless they are acquainted with Chinese. I found that the want of this branch here has been the means of carrying off some of our elder boys to the Central School, and there they are put with Chinese boys to learn Chinese. I do not know exactly how it is done, but if it is anything after the fashion of Chinese teaching I think it absolutely useless for us. An entirely different system is wanted for the teaching of Chinese to English boys, and to put our boys with fifty or sixty Chinese all yelling out the Chinese classics at the top of their voices is simply useless. I have, therefore, engaged a teacher to commence next term with a class of some seven or eight boys whose parents have agreed to let them join such a class, making a small extra payment for it. The Chinaman does not know English, but the boys will have books that will contain both the English and Chinese. They will begin by learning the system of reading Chinese and also to write the Chinese character. They will learn the sounds and write them down in their own English character. They will therefore have the sounds and they will have books to give them the meaning, so I hope we shall be able to train boys not only educated in the branches of an English education but in Chinese too. Latin also will be taught, the language so much needed by all of us who want to know our own language.\n\nThe work that has been done this term has been examined most kindly by Mr. Jennings, Mr. Ost, Mr. Lee, Mr. Coughtrie, and myself. I have done very little indeed. I have so much work that I have had no more than time to examine in scripture. The Bishop then read a letter from Mr. Ost giving the result of the examination, and went on to say—I don't think I ought to close without thanking, in the name of the Committee, Mr. and Mrs. Hambling for their exertions during the year that has closed. I have had every reason to be satisfied with their work, which I believe to be thoroughly and conscientiously done, and I think we are exceedingly fortunate in having them at the head of the school. (Applause).\n\nAnd now, Sir, it remains for me only to ask your Excellency kindly to take the meeting in hand, and after your remarks, if you wish to make them first, to distribute the prizes to the boys. Yes, there is one thing more. The prizes have to be paid for. They cost $100. I have received $25. I shall be glad if friends will make this up so that the money shall not be taken out of the general funds of the school.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY:-My Lord Bishop, ladies and gentlemen, I am sure you all, like myself, have listened with very much pleasure to the very interesting remarks that have just fallen from the Bishop. As for myself, though still suffering, as the Bishop has said, from a severe accident, it gave me great pleasure to accept the invitation to preside here on this important and interesting occasion. It will always be alike my duty and my pleasure, in this, as in other colleges over which I have presided, to promote, by every means in my power, the great cause of education. (Applause).\n\nBefore proceeding to distribute the prizes, I will make a few remarks, in the first place, to the masters and professors in this and other colleges and schools in Hong-kong, for I speak to all, and, secondly, to the scholars whom I see before me. The true position of the instructors of youth has been laid down for all time in those beautiful and well-known verses of the Latin poet Juvenal:—\n\n\"Di majorum umbris et jus pondere terram,\n\nSpinatosque deos, et inania perpetuum ver,\n\nQui preceptorem sancti volera parentis\n\nHabeo.\"\n\nIn other words \"The preceptor should hold the holy place of father.\" I am sure the masters of this and the other colleges in Hong Kong will allow me to exhort them to follow the practice of one of the greatest teachers, perhaps the greatest, of any age or nation—I mean Dr. Arnold, who said that the master should ever seek to keep adding to his own stores of knowledge, so that \"the pupils may drink not from a stagnant pond, but from a fresh running stream.\" (Applause).\n\nDr. Arnold, you will recollect, was not only one of the greatest teachers of any place or age, but one who did much to exalt and ennoble the scholastic profession, both by his teaching and his general bearing. As for the scholars of many races who will be educated now and henceforward, in this and other institutions of a like kind, I would exhort them to prove by their diligence, energy, and good conduct, their appreciation of the many advantages secured for them by the wise liberality of the Colonial Government and Legislature and here by the liberality of many generous friends of education in this community.\n\nI will remind them, moreover, that I have notified publicly that the first appointments in the public service will be given by competitive examination, without distinction of race or creed. I am also about to propose to the Colonial Legislature that here, as in several other Crown Colonies, two or more young men chosen from the best scholars of the several colleges shall be periodically sent at the public expense to complete their education in Europe as members of the legal or medical professions or as civil engineers. (Applause).\n\nThese are the professions that will enable them to succeed best in life both in Hongkong, in the various settlements at the treaty ports, and hereafter probably, in the great neighbouring country, the empire of China. (Applause). You will thus perceive the future success in life of every pupil will depend mainly on his own energy and perseverance. Dr. Arnold once observed that in his long experience he had found that one boy does not differ from another so much in talent as in energy and perseverance. I exhort you to spare no effort to acquire a thorough knowledge of the English language, which, like the English race, is fast overspreading the world. 100 millions of the human race already speak the English language as their mother tongue, whereas not more than 40 millions speak the other two European languages most diffused after the English, namely, French and German.\n\nA French author said to an Englishman, a friend of mine, that if he were to begin to write again, he would write not in French, but in English, for a century hence that language will be spoken by 300 millions probably, whereas French will probably remain stationary. My remarks hitherto have been applicable generally to all colleges and schools in Hongkong.\n\nI am sure, ladies and gentlemen, as I have already said, we all listened with much interest to the remarks of the Bishop with respect to the special objects of St. Paul's College, under the roof of which we are now assembled. It is evident there must be in this Colony many English children whom, for various reasons, their parents do not desire to send home for their education, and it is most desirable that they should have an opportunity of being educated under the nurture of the church of their fathers and under the supervision of our Bishop. (Applause).\n\nIn conclusion, I would repeat that I believe we may reckon on finding in the whole body of masters here and elsewhere a conscientious zeal in the discharge of their important duties. Still, with whatever care and attention the studies may be chosen and directed, the successful result must rest mainly on the scholars themselves. My young friends, by every motive which can influence reflecting and responsible beings, by regard for your own welfare and happiness in this world, by the fear of future discredit, by the hope of future fame and success, by motives yet more urgent, by nobler and purer aspirations, by the duty and obedience we owe to the will of our Creator, by the awful account which we shall all have to render of the talents entrusted to us for improvement, by these high arguments, I exhort you and all of you so to number your days that you may apply your hearts unto wisdom.\" (Loud Applause).\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY then distributed the prizes as follows:---\n\nCLASS I.\n\nF. Shepherd. Reading, Composition, Algebra, Geology, History, Grammar, and Physiology.\n\nA. Möller. Arithmetic, Euclid, Physiology, Map Drawing, Freehand, Landscape, Geography, and Time Drawing.\n\nJ. Hammert. Algebra, Composition, English History, Map Drawing, and Time Drawing.\n\nL. Bart. Physical Geography, Geology, English, Physiology, Freehand Drawing, and Landscape.\n\nFritz Lammert. Holy Scripture, Reading, and English History.\n\nCLASS II.\n\nFrank Lammert. Writing, Spelling, History, and Grammar.\n\nAlfred Ramsay. Arithmetic, Geology, Map, Physical Geography, History, General Geography, Drawing (Landscape and Flowers), Writing.\n\nErnest Lammert. General Improvement.\n\nFrederick Grimble. Holy Scripture, Spelling, and Drawing (Flowers).\n\nAndrew Millac. Attendance, Grammar, Geography, and Drawing (Flowers).\n\nJ.W. ...\n\nPage 247\n\n2",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "page_number": 379,
        "title": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "content_text": "it will require patience, and perseverance before we obtain the same privileges from the Chinese, which they think they ought to receive from us without any reciprocity.\n\nI am rather disposed to think the manager of the China Local Cotton Company (Woo On Amoi) has other objects in view than the interests of the Company which he professes, and which I do not believe to be quite in the interests of Hong Kong either.\n\nI believe it is highly desirable that if they are permitted to come into Hong Kong to work, they should live and have their Office-Building here, so that we may have some control over them as they exercise at Shanghai.\n\nPage 375\n\nI think it is right that you should know exactly how the matter stands, because I believe that any arrangement that is made will have a very important bearing on our future trade with China. You will see that. I do not insist upon the company having the right to go to Canton if the Chinese come into Hong Kong, but I think, in our negotiations with them, we ought to get from the Chinese as much as we grant to them, as an evidence of the good feeling between them and us.\n\nFr. H. W. Chicheley Secretary",
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    {
        "id": 324917,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 177,
        "title": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "10\n\nsatisfactory condition\n\n6\n\nI will cause the\n\ncreation\n\nof the new Victoria College, which\n\nto\n\nhas been too long delayed owing to causes known at the Colonial Office,\n\nto be proceeded with as\n\nfast as the limited resources of the Public Works Department permit.\n\nI have the honour to be\n\nYour Lordship's Most obedient\n\nHumble servant,\n\nJ. Bowen\n\nPRIZE DAY AT THE CENTRAL SCHOOL.\n\nThe annual distribution of prizes at the Central School took place yesterday afternoon. His Excellency the Governor presided, and amongst the visitors present were the Misses Bowen, Mrs. Marsh, Hon. A. Lister, Hon. F. Stewart, Mr. Justice Russell, Rev. W. Jennings, Major Lloyd, Captain Accioni (Italian Navy), Mr. Dejardin (French Consul), Mr. Loureiro (Portuguese Consul), Mr. Machida (Japanese Consul), Mr. Romano (Brazilian Consul), Lieut. Vyryan, A.D.C., Mr. H. E. Wodehouse, Mr. J. H. Stewart Lockhart, Rev. Dr. Eitel, Rev. Dr. Chalmers, Rev. E. Faber, Rev. R. Lechler, Mr. R. C. Wilcox, Mr. H. W. Hambling, Mr. Dorabjee Nowrojee, Mr. Lee Tak Cheong, &c.\n\nMr. G. H. B. Wright, M.A., the Head Master, said—Your Excellency, ladies and gentlemen, it is just two years since I arrived in this colony, and I am now taking part in the third annual distribution of prizes in which I have assisted. I can honestly say the excellent impression produced on me as a stranger at the first examination has deepened on further acquaintance into the conviction that the school is slowly, but steadily and surely, attaining its object of imparting a high-class English education to the youth of this colony. The total number of boys on the roll during the year was 556, and the average daily attendance 394, a higher figure than in the previous year. I do not wish to anticipate the report of the Inspector of Schools, but from the examination of the papers made for prize purposes, I conclude that 96 per cent. of the boys have passed. There has been, I am happy to say, a great improvement in the English subjects—composition, grammar, history, translation from and into English. During the last year, grammar was introduced as low as the ninth class, with excellent results in the examination. I am sure it is not necessary for me, after making these statements, to remark that the masters and assistants of this school deserve the highest credit and warmest congratulation for their work during the last year. I must not omit, however, to mention the zeal and interest displayed by Mr. Chape, who was acting master in the Middle School for ten months of the year. By the addition of Mr. May to the staff, I was enabled to divide the first class, which was a rather unwieldy-sized class, into two divisions. This division has produced marked results in the examination. The trustees of the Bailie's Scholarships have awarded two scholarships this year, the senior to the first boy in the first class and the junior to the first boy in the second class, for proficiency in general subjects. The capital of the scholarship presented by Mr. Neish Bain for engineering has been invested during the year, and the first competition will probably be held this time next year. In August last year, Your Excellency was pleased to approve of a suggestion of mine that four boys should be elected from outside district schools for free education in this school. Four boys were accordingly elected, and I am pleased to say they have all passed a creditable examination, one boy in the sixth class having gained the first prize. I have nothing further to add than to express my thanks to Your Excellency for presiding on this occasion and to those ladies and gentlemen who, by their presence to-day, have testified their interest in this school. (Applause).\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY—Ladies and Gentlemen, it is with much satisfaction that I have come here to-day to preside for the first time at the annual distribution of prizes at the Central School, the chief educational establishment maintained by the Government of this Colony; and in which nearly all the students are Chinese. I assure that you all have listened with interest and pleasure to the remarks just made by the Head Master.\n\nAs already well known, the present very inadequate building will soon be replaced by a handsome and convenient College, furnished with all the necessary appurtenances. (Applause.) Looking to the great and growing importance of this institution, and to the mature age of a large proportion of the students, I have sought and obtained permission to have the new building called Victoria College. (Applause.) I am sure that this entire community will loyally appreciate the honour thus conferred upon it by our gracious Sovereign, the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and Empress of India, the Tai Huang-ti of the English race. (Applause.) It is recorded in the Chinese Classics that the grand philosopher, the Aristotle of China,—Kung Tze, called by Europeans Confucius,—once, when gazing upon a river, compared its pure and ceaseless current to the transmission of sound learning and morality through successive ages of mankind. So let us hope that, under the blessing of Heaven, Victoria College may endure throughout the great future of China, a main source whence will flow the streams of education and knowledge to generations yet unborn. (Applause.) Your own Confucius, my Chinese friends, was the \"Great Master of Knowledge,\" \"Il gran maestro di color che sanno\" in the Eastern world, as Dante said of Aristotle in the Western world. The moral philosophy of Aristotle has for centuries exercised a wide influence over the higher education of the Western nations; and so the teaching of Confucius has held predominant sway over the laws, the feelings, and the general life of the vast Empire of China; which comprises above one-fourth of the entire human race. In fact, the golden words of Confucius have the same force now as when they were first spoken twenty-five centuries ago. You should all treasure in your hearts what the Master said when he was asked—\"Is it not pleasant to learn with never-failing application and perseverance?\" And again, when he laid down the rule that \"A youth when at home should be obedient to his parents, and when abroad respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow with love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity after the performance of these primary duties, he should employ them in polite studies.\" With regard to the art of ruling men, Confucius said—\"A just Government is like the polar star which keeps its fixed place, while the other stars turn towards it.\" I assure all the Chinese in this island that the Government of Hongkong is desirous to treat them with justice, and not only \"with dry but with sympathetic justice,\" to quote a phrase recently used by an eminent English statesman. (Applause.) In short, the Government desires to extend to them the privileges of British subjects. A most worthy representative of the Chinese race, Mr. Wong Shing, has been appointed a member of the Colonial Legislature. Moreover, I have thrown open the minor posts in the public service to competitive examination without distinction of race or creed. There will thus be a wide field for honourable employment for all the youth of this island. Again, provision will shortly be made at the public expense to send a certain number of the most distinguished pupils of the colleges at Hongkong to complete their studies in England, as members of the legal or medical professions, or as civil engineers. (Applause.) It will be remembered that more than 2,000 years ago your Chinese ancestors had already established a national polity, a national code of law, and a national literature; had built great cities, and had made much progress in many of the industrial arts, at a period when the ancestors of what are now the three most powerful nations of Western Europe—the English, the Germans, and the French—whose magnificent squadrons are now in this harbour, had not yet emerged from barbarism. But in modern times, while China has remained well nigh stationary, the Western nations have made rapid and constant progress in all the arts that can promote and adorn civilization. I hope that a long succession of the Chinese students of this college, after completing their education in England, may have the honour of bringing back with them, and of introducing into their native land, the results of the humane and enlightened jurisprudence, and of the improved medical science of modern Europe, or may, as engineers, help to cover the vast Empire of China, as Europe has already been covered, with a network of railways and telegraphs, those powerful promoters of commercial intercourse and of the arts of modern civilization. (Applause.) And now, my young friends, I will conclude this address by reminding you of two famous and excellent Chinese proverbs:—\"Those persons are only asses and cows in men's clothes who neglect the study of the past and present\"—Jen pu hsiao ku chin, ma niu mien chin chi; and \"learning is far more precious than gold\"—Huang chin yu chia, shu wu chia—Loud Applause).\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY—I am very much pleased with everything I have seen, my young friends, and I think your general appearance, behaviour, and proficiency reflect great credit upon your excellent Head Master and on all the staff of masters. I am very much pleased with all that I have seen to-day. I am requested by the Head Master to announce that your holidays will now commence and last till Friday, the 22nd February. I hope you will enjoy the Chinese New Year, and that you will have much pleasure during that festive time, with plenty of crackers and fireworks of all sorts.\n\nThe boys then gave cheers for the Queen, for His Excellency, for the Head Master, and for the visitors.\n\nPage 175",
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        "title": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "... effect proposals which were adopted not one day too soon so far back I believe as in 1876. (Applause). Sir, as far as I can understand the pressing wants of the school are more accommodation for the scholars and a larger staff of masters. Two facts came out prominently in the Commission, of which I was a member, first, that the class rooms are inadequate to the average attendance of to-day, which is 420, and, secondly, that in consequence of the too small staff of masters the classes are too large. Another prominent fact appeared, and that was that the number of 420 which can now be taught here might be increased to seven or eight hundred if the accommodation was sufficient for them. (Applause). I had hoped, sir, that in your eloquent speech, in which you said not one word too much of our friend Dr. Stewart, that you would have assured the old scholars who have so hospitably entertained us, that we shall soon have a school worthy of the Colony in our midst, but I trust you will give that assurance to the new Legislative Council you are about to summon. (Applause). The GOVERNOR—You must vote the money. (Laughter).\n\nI will not weary you with any detail of the progress the Central School is now making. I am, I believe, to be followed by the Head Master, who will satisfy you on this point, but I am glad to hear from him that great progress has been made under him in English grammar and that the classes show a much greater general proficiency than formerly in the English language. I have also heard from him, what we know otherwise to be the case, that those who leave are in great demand for the mercantile establishments of the place, and during the last year five or six pupils qualified themselves also for engineering practice. (Applause).\n\nI know there are many persons in this Colony who think this institution should be expanded into a college which should introduce higher branches of study. I have no doubt in course of time that will come, I think we may look forward to the time when professorial chairs of science and philosophy will be held here and when possibly some Chinese Tyndall or Huxley will lecture on the conservation of energy and the properties of molecules, and perhaps assist in solving that problem which perplexes us all in the Western world, the relation of spirit and mind to matter (Hear, hear). In the meantime we have, in my opinion, a much humbler and a less ambitious task to fulfil, which is to provide the ordinary Chinese youth of the Colony with an education that shall fit them for ordinary work in the colony and on the mainland. (Applause).\n\nWe know that among the foremost men who are engaged in pushing China forward there are those who have been educated in the schools of this colony, and I believe that in the future the pupils of this Central School will play no inconsiderable part in organising that great mass of unorganised labour in the contiguous Empire which under the headship of Western training and Western knowledge would revolutionise industry in the East.\n\nI have great pleasure in proposing prosperity to the Central School coupled with the name of Mr. Bateson Wright, the Head Master. (Loud applause).\n\nMr. WRIGHT, in responding, said—Your Excellency and gentlemen, in the name of the present staff of masters I must thank the hon. gentleman who has just proposed the health of the Central School in such kind terms. It is very gratifying to have his public assurance that the public generally are satisfied with the nature of the instruction imparted in this school, for it is within the recollection of you all, though not within my own knowledge, that the question was raised whether this school was fulfilling its object.\n\nNo one who is unacquainted with the labour of teaching the Chinese English can fully realise the immense attending difficulties. These difficulties consist not only in the well-known disparity of grammatical structure in the two languages, but also in the absence in the Chinese mind of abstract ideas and the power of deductive reasoning; so that the students here not only have to learn a foreign tongue but require to be instructed in ideas entirely new and alien to their native conceptions.\n\nIf these things strike me, supported as I am by an efficient staff of English masters and Chinese assistants, how immense must have been the difficulties with which Dr. Stewart had to contend single-handed, some twenty years ago? (Applause). I feel, and every succeeding Head Master must feel, that Dr. Stewart has laboured in this old and we have entered into the fruits of his labours. (Applause). I again thank you all for your kind reception of this toast.\n\nSir GEORGE PHILLIPPO proposed the next toast, \"The Founders of the Scholarship.\" He said—Your Excellency and gentlemen, it gives me great pleasure to be present on this occasion, because, as your Excellency has said, the compliment which has been tendered to Dr. Stewart to-day is honourable alike to those who have paid it and to the gentleman who has received it.\n\nIt is not always that a head master and his pupils part on such terms—(a laugh) that a master's old scholars invite him to an entertainment like this in order to show their gratitude to him and their pleasure in testifying to the great good he has done. (Applause). I have very great pleasure in being present on this occasion because I think this is a new departure in the colony. (Applause).\n\nIt seems to me to show not only that the old pupils have a reverential affection for their old master, but also that they are desirous that the advantages they have received should be handed down to future generations → (applause) and it is in this I see before me the promise of what I hope will be a great advantage not only to the community of Hongkong but to the great empire which lies near us. (Applause).\n\nGentlemen, the founding of the scholarship which has this day been presented to the school seems to me to be not only an acknowledgment, a graceful acknowledgment, on the part of the old pupils of the great benefits they have received from their former head master, but also an acknowledgment of the duties they owe, and the feelings they ought to show, to those who come after them, and in that, I think, is the great point of the present occasion.\n\nI see what the Central School is: I have heard what it has done in the past, but I look upon this departure as the commencement of a new era, when the Chinese pupils acknowledge the duties belonging to themselves as regards the promotion and extension of education. I look upon it as showing they have appreciated the advantages they have received here and that they look forward to securing greater advantages for those who come after them.\n\nThese may be small things, but small things invariably lead up to something more, and I look forward from the present moment to a higher education in Hongkong and to seeing Chinese take their part, as my friend Mr. Johnson has said—and I say it seriously—taking their part among the savants of the Western world and showing that they can appreciate Western science; that they, with their faculties of perseverance and industry can advance throughout the whole of the civilized world some of those problems we are at present trying to solve. (Applause).\n\nI look forward to the old scholars, recruited year by year as they will be, endeavouring to confer upon the whole community the benefits of a higher education. (Hear, hear). I don't think they will be satisfied till we have a University in Hongkong, and a University ranking with Universities in other parts of the civilized world. (Applause).\n\nWhen I see the old scholars of the Central School coming forward and saying that not only in appreciation of their old master, but also in order to associate his name with future progress, they found a scholarship, I hope when their ranks are recruited by the numbers turned out year by year from the Central School they will not be satisfied with less than a University. (Hear, hear).\n\nI also look forward to seeing, and that within a measurable space of time, the pupils of the Central School establishing something which all the old pupils can immediately avail themselves of. I say, and I submit it to the old pupils of the Central School, that when a man has completed his studies at school he has not completed his studies for life, he has something also to look forward to, and I am gratified by the assurance that there is something being thought of by the pupils which shows they recognise their education does not leave off when they leave the Central School.\n\nI hope, and I have been somewhat instrumental in giving effect to that hope in the Straits Settlements, that the scholars of the Central School will associate themselves together and endeavour to form a kind of what we should call esprit de corps that they will stick together and endeavour—and I hope they will excuse me for saying so—to promote association amongst themselves. And for that purpose nothing could be more useful than the establishment of a library of good useful works amongst them. (Applause).\n\nHaving subscribed in order to found a scholarship, in the name of their late head master, I entertain the hope that they may recognise the advantage of associating together and \"educating themselves far beyond the amount of ...\n\n285\n\neducation",
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        "content_text": "Serious\n\nthe charges brought against the Dewan General and\n\nhis Department have\n\nbeen altogether proved, after a thorough and\n\ncareful inquiry, to be\n\nunfounded.\n\nThe Commissioners\n\ndeserve much credit for\n\nthe ability and perseverance with which they conducted the inquiry.\n\n16\n\n499\n\n1 Apl.",
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        "page_number": 481,
        "title": "CO129-216 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "480\n\n**activital** \n\n\"indigenon and foreign, but of natural rivalry to the European Lords of trade themselves, even the British, since it is under the singular liberality of **British rule** that the amazing emerge, the untiring diligence, the intelligent perseverance of the Chinese, have attained their fullest development.\"\n\n4. I am confident that Your Lordship will not regard as insignificant or uninteresting any details which may help, in however slight a degree, to illustrate the power and extension of British power and influence in this quarter of the globe, which contains one fourth of the human race, and which must yet play a great part in the history of the world.\n\nI have the honour to be, \nMy Lord, \nYour Lordship's Most Obedient, Humble Servant, \n**Bowen**",
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    {
        "id": 328313,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 88,
        "title": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure\n\n15th April, 1885.\n\n**RECT**\n**C. O.**\n0049\n\nHONOURABLE GENTLEMEN OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL,\n\nAs I have already intimated to my Honourable Friend, I have not as yet received the reply of the Imperial Authorities with reference to the subjects of the Resolution passed by this Council on the 1st April. The Council may rest assured that I will always communicate to them forthwith every decision of the Imperial Government affecting the interests of this Colony.\n\nI am glad, however, that the Honourable Gentleman has asked this question, for it gives me an opportunity of laying before you a further official statement on the matters to which it refers. As you, Honourable Gentlemen, are already aware, a paternal Governor had anticipated your wishes in the matters referred to in the Resolution of the 1st April, as also with regard to the fortification of Hong-kong generally; and what has been done already, and is now doing for our Defences, is mainly due (as there is abundant documentary evidence to prove), to my constant and urgent representations during the two years of my administration here, both in official despatches, and in private letters to my personal friends among English Statesmen and among the chief Military Authorities in England.\n\nIt was very satisfactory to me to observe that all the speakers at the recent discussion in this Council fully recognised my foresight, energy, and perseverance in promoting the true interests of this Colony in these and in all other matters; and to hear the Honourable Gentleman who represents the Chamber of Commerce declare that \"a time of emergency has now arisen, and it is in times of emergency that we should all act together and rally round the Governor for the common good.\"\n\nIt will be recollected that I expressed a hope that the Resolution of the 1st April would be passed unanimously, because it would add force to the representations which I had already made to the Imperial Authorities on the subjects of which it treated. Accordingly, on the 2nd April, I telegraphed to the Secretary of State that the Legislative Council, as well as the Admiral and General Commanding Her Majesty's Forces on this Station, concurred with me on the points in question.\n\nAs I said just now, I have not as yet received any reply to my telegram of the 2nd instant. I must here remark that if Honourable Gentlemen knew, as well as I do, through my experience as Governor for above a quarter of a century, the length of time required for official correspondence between the different departments of the Imperial Administration, they would not be so sanguine in the expectation of speedy answers in matters of this nature.\n\nFrom the official papers which I laid before you a fortnight ago (No. 14), you will have perceived that it required nineteen days to receive a reply on the much simpler matter of the calibre of the Ordnance to be mounted on the new Forts. Now the questions treated of in the Resolution of the 1st April, viz.: \n| Matter | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1) | the provision of direct telegraphic communication between Hongkong and Singapore |\n| (2) | the provision of \"a Flotilla of Torpedo-boats, fully equipped,\" |\n\nwould require an exchange of official correspondence between the Colonial Office, the War Office, the Admiralty, the Directors of the Telegraph Company, and, above all, the Imperial Treasury, the approval of which is necessary for the expenditure of public money in each and all of the public Departments.\n\nHowever, I yesterday telegraphed once more, urging an early reply showing the decision of Her Majesty's Government concerning direct telegraphic communication, and a further supply of Torpedo-boats; and also asking when the heavy Ordnance for the new Forts may be expected to arrive.\n\nI will now make some further observations on each of the two matters treated of in the Resolution:\n\n(1.) With regard to the proposed Telegraph to Singapore, I have been in correspondence respecting it with the Manager, and find that the Eastern Extension Company would require a guarantee of £20,000 a year, for twenty years, before undertaking to lay a direct cable. You already know that the Executive Council of Hongkong, while agreeing with me and with this Council as to the importance of a direct cable, has decided that, especially in the present condition of our revenue, this Colony is wholly unable to offer any substantial aid to this project.\n\nI have already stated, moreover, that the Acting Governor of the Straits Settlements has informed me that the view of his Government is similar, and that it would not be prepared to give material assistance. It remains to be seen what will be the decision of the Imperial Government on my strong representations, afterwards supported by this Council.\n\n(2.) I now come to the second proposal, which I, and most others who have given thought and attention to the matter, consider to be more likely to prove feasible, viz., the provision of a Flotilla of eight Torpedo-boats, which the Naval Authorities consider to be amply sufficient. As I have already informed you, Admiral Sir W. DOWELL has left the four Torpedo-boats now on this station to strengthen the Naval defence of our harbour. I have, as you know, asked that four more Torpedo-boats may be sent out; but, though I have not as yet received the decision of the Imperial Government, I learn from other sources that...",
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        "id": 333309,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 131,
        "title": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "14.\n\n071\n\n15\n\n130\n\nof the offence.\n\nhave al\n\nalready\n\nbeen made\n\nby\n\nthe\n\npoint that\n\nPrisoners.\n\n9.\n\nthe commission of\n\nThis\n\na\n\nGeneral Gordon strongly insisted\n\non,\n\nwhen he asked for the power\n\nof inflicting corporal punishment.\n\nThis punishment was\n\n8.\n\nin order to establish\n\nnecessary\n\nsary in\n\nthe fact that the Government\n\nwas determined to continue the\n\nstrict enforcement of discipline,\n\nwhich had been introduced\n\nwith so much patient perseverance by General Gordon and to\n\nresist which several combinations\n\nhave\n\n844516\n\nri\n\nThe Committee refer in\n\ntheir report to an assault\n\ncommitted.\n\nComm\n\non\n\nGeneral Gordon\n\nby prisoners and to an organized plan discovered last December to\n\nset fire to the Gaol These circumstances will be found.\n\nreferred to at length in\n\nmy-\n\nDespatch N. 103 of 1st April and 4397 of 31st December last.\n\nI have the honour to\n\n10.\n\nforward the report of General\n\nEnclosure 5. Jik Jawy 1887. with 6 spare sopred).\n\nGordon",
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    },
    {
        "id": 333566,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 388,
        "title": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "Reaching and studies with 24 neither zeal nor energy would be wasted in this direction... and school: in the prosecution of work at the Central School, and J. Chinese Sin-shang. I have spared neither time nor anything else that would lend to increase the value of any work in respect of Public Servant; although, in chinese studies as far as agreement from some has been obtained, it has been wholly gratuitous.\n\nNow I complain of what sacrifice is made with less compulsory work. This however, I do not; although I need intimation that such work necessarily involves some recompense for the sacrifices that are maintained in the work concerned, the work keeps clinging to the Order: has C. S. Office, letter No. 382, 10th Jan 187... Mr Dealy in the position in the Service.\n\nI am glad to read the satisfactory testimony when the Head Master of the Central School praised the energy and perseverance in the work of Mr Dealy. I think, in other instances, the course of study mapped out for the peculiar character of the J. Chinese study he labours under is a credit to the Master rather than to Mr Dealy.\n\nI have already in a previous letter perhaps admittedly supposed that at certain moments, the whole thus 8ludet's so his leisure is completely localized by neglect of other work. To the results, however, the ability of misapprehension is confined to the Central School that kes in pr. om 2007.\n\nLee C... eerfully re-Paserd Cadelo ark. I you will add to it incapacitate -suming professional work at home. If Mr... course of chinese through which I considered insufficient, I am willing to undergo perfectly local training that may be any other addition Dug & exted to fit myself for those posts for which University qualifications rightly are required.\n\nI feel that it is futile to aspire to. In conclusion, in forwarding my letter, I beg to hope that, in the words of recommendation and approval for promotion to the Cadet Service, for the Servants they are advantaged do not; any Cadet will be appointed as may in School I have the may seem to deserve.\n\nI have the honour to be, Your most dedicated servant, I.K. Oraly. 4. St. B. Wright, Deg. M.A. Scharter Gul.S.\n\n Cadets are entitled to Course forward likely the present Passed. to fall in. fill\n\n(Gov Order Letter- 8071) C.8.602955 '86\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\n...\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364",
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    },
    {
        "id": 334159,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 443,
        "title": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "12.\n\n200 or more and an increase of 2027 or 47.04 per cent in minor offence.\n\n3.\n\nThree murders took place. Two blind mendicants were attacked at Shau-Ki-Wan, and one murdered. The names of the assailants were quickly known, but the men took refuge in Chinese Territory, with, it is supposed, the assistance of the Fried Society. In the five remaining cases the presumed culprit was arrested, and although there was little moral doubt of their actual guilt, the evidence adducible was not deemed conclusive to justify a conviction at the Supreme Court.\n\n4.\n\nThere was a decrease in the number of Piracy, Robbery with violence; and the other serious crimes call for no special remark. In one case, however, gold coin to the value of nearly one thousand pounds that had been stolen was recovered within three days by the perseverance and ability of a detective.\n\nA noteworthy case was the prosecution of 51 Chinese Constables. Information was given by a certain person that some Constables would receive bribes for affording protection to Tambling Horses. The officers deputed to inquire into the case brought evidence that money to the extent of about 10 cents three pence a piece was received by fifty men, but they failed to prove the object for which the money was paid. The charge therefore dwindled down into one of receiving money without authority contrary to the Police Regulations. [The prosecution omitted to prove that the Regulations in question had been approved.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 334162,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 446,
        "title": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "the proceeds of his savings have to be \n\nremitted to his brothers at the current \n\nrate of exchange, involving a loss of likely per cent,]\n\n14.\n\nThe Roman Catholic Cathedral having been pulled down and a large \n\nnumber of houses being in the course \n\nof erection on the site, the probability of a fire extending to the Central Station is which greater than before, and the danger is materially \n\nincreased \n\nsome sixteen \n\nby the dilapidated state of the adjoining bungalows which were purchased \n\na year ago for the purpose of supplying ground, so greatly needed for the extension of the Barracks. The \n\naccommodation is now more \n\nthe Force is larger \n\nwant of felt than before, and fourteen \n\nmen have ceased to \n\nreceive quarters in the Markets.\n\nI have to \n\n(Signed) W. M. Denne Captain Superintendent of Police\n\nNo. 21.\n\nEnclosure 2\n\n13141\n\nRELE\n\n4 # 87\n\nPOLICE OFFICE, HONGKONG, 22nd January, 1887.\n\nSIR,-I have the honour to forward for the information of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government details of the Police Establishment, the list of Pensioners and the Criminal Statistics for the year 1886.\n\n2. The Criminal Statistics show that 8,836 cases were reported to the Police during 1886, being an increase of 2,061 cases or 30.42 per cent, on the return for 1885. In the subdivision of these cases serious crimes (so called) and Minor Offences, an increase of 34 cases or 1.37 per cent, is found in serious crimes, and an increase of 2,027 cases or 47.04 per cent. in Minor Offences.\n\n3. Three murders took place. Two blind mendicants were attacked near Shaukiwan, and one murdered. The names of the assailants were quickly known, but the men took refuge in Chinese Territory, not without, it is supposed, the assistance of the Triad Society. In the two remaining cases the presumed culprits were arrested, and of their actual guilt there was little moral doubt, but the evidence adducible was not deemed sufficiently conclusive to justify a conviction at the Supreme Court.\n\n4. There was a decrease in the number of Burglaries. Robberies with violence and Piracy; and the other serious crimes call for no special remark, In one case, however, gold coin to the value of nearly one thousand pounds, that had been stolen, was entirely recovered within three days by the perseverance and ability of a Chinese detective.\n\n5. In the Minor Offences the principal noteworthy case was the prosecution of fifty-one Chinese Constables. Information was given by a man that on a certain day some Constables would receive bribes for affording protection to Gambling Houses. The Officers deputed to inquire into the case brought conclusive evidence that some fifty men received money to the extent of about ten cents or three pence a piece, but they failed, which is not to be wondered at, considering the notorious bad character of the informant, to prove the object for which the money was paid. The charge therefore dwindled down into one of receiving money without authority contrary to the Police Regulations. The conviction was quashed on appeal. In consequence of this case the security required for the good behaviour of Chinese Constables in the Force has been increased from fifty to two hundred dollars.\n\n6. Breaches of the Opium Ordinance show an increase of 680 cases. A number of search warrants have also been issued and returned without result.\n\n7. The foreshore between No. 2 Station and East Point has silted up in a way that materially affects the utility of the Patrol Launches. The smallest launch drawing 4 feet 6 inches cannot now at low water go alongside Observation Point Pier, which should be lengthened, unless it is considered that it would be more advantageous and profitable to extend the Praya.\n\n8. I regret that the mortality among the European Police has been unusually heavy, no less than eight having died. In addition the cases of fever were especially numerous and severe. The Force was therefore in the Autumn from these causes and from the dismissal of the Chinese one hundred men below its effective strength Whitfield Station from the number of fever cases had to be temporarily abandoned.\n\n9. A Board held an inquiry into allegations concerning the Triad Society and evidence was given that tended to show that it exercised a dangerous influence, twelve of the Head men have been banished from the Colony with a beneficial result.\n\n10. Fires are now of very frequent occurrence and interfere with the general Police Work, owing to the Fire Brigade being so largely manned from this Force. It may be as well to recall to notice, the fact, that where premises are insured, the standing Government Orders to the Police are that any prosecution for arson should be initiated by the Insurance Company affected. This is assumed to apply to cases when the supposed offender resides on the premises.\n\n11. From the experience gained in severe typhoons, it appears that a grave danger to life has been allowed to spring up within the last few years by the multiplication of overhead telegraphic wires. It would be quite contrary to what might be expected, if in a bad typhoon these wires are not blown down so as to dangerously obstruct some of the main thoroughfares.\n\n12. The Roman Catholic Cathedral having been pulled down and a large number of houses being in the course of erection on the site, the probability of a fire extending to the Central Station is much greater than before, and the danger is materially increased by the dilapidated state of the adjoining bungalows which were purchased some sixteen years ago for the purpose of supplying ground, greatly needed for the extension of the Barracks. The want of accommodation is now more felt than before, as the force is larger and fourteen men have ceased to receive quarters in the Markets.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour most obedient Servant,\n\nW. M. DEANE,\n\nCaptain Superintendent of Police.\n\n439\n\nde Ing Colorint Sustang,\n\n$6.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5].txt",
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    {
        "id": 336697,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-237 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1888 [1-6]",
        "page_number": 413,
        "title": "CO129-237 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1888 [1-6]",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure 2.\n\n407\n\n## Message from His Excellency the Governor, 27th March, 1888.\n\nThe Governor has directed to be introduced to the Legislative Council an Ordinance for the reservation of a European district in the town of Victoria. The object of this proposed law is fully stated in the preamble, which has been inserted in the Ordinance, as follows:--- Whereas the health and comfort of Europeans in a tropical climate demand conditions which are inconsistent with the neighbourhood of houses crowded with occupants and otherwise used after the manner customary with the Chinese inhabitants, and whereas the influx of Chinese into the Colony tends constantly to narrow the area of the City of Victoria where such conditions are attainable, and it is desirable to reserve by law a district wherein such conditions may be secured: Be it enacted by the Governor of Hongkong, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof.\n\nThe correctness of these statements is too well known to need further elucidation. The rapid influx of Chinese into this Colony, where they find facilities of acquiring, and especially of retaining property, which are, to say the least, not universally present in their own country, creates an increasing temptation to land-owners to pull down houses adapted for European habitation, and to erect Chinese houses in their place, which, as providing for a far larger number of people within the same area, offer the prospect of greater profits from rent. This substitution is now going on at such a rate that, in the absence of some effective check, the time is being brought within measurable distance when all but the richer European who can afford the occupation of land of exceptionally high value, will be driven altogether out of the town of Victoria, or compelled to live there under conditions far more prejudicial to their health than those already presented by the tropical climate.\n\nIn view of the fact that a large leaven of Europeans is, and (in so far as can be foreseen) for a very long time will be, necessary to the well-being of the Chinese themselves, the practical exclusion from the principal town of Hongkong of those whose liberal institutions and whose indomitable energy and perseverance has transformed a bare uninhabited rock into a beautiful city and an emporium of trade second to very few others in the world, would be not merely a sentimental grievance, but a real calamity to all persons without exception who are concerned in the welfare of the Colony.\n\nWith a view to prevent this undesirable result the Ordinance in question has been drafted for the reservation of a European district in Victoria. The district indicated (the actual limits of which will of course be subject to modification in Council, even if the general principle of the law be approved) is one which has always been occupied by European houses, almost without exception, so that there will be no disturbance of present conditions; and the only change proposed is the prohibition for the future of what has not actually taken place in the past, viz., the erection there of what are known as Chinese houses by large numbers of people after the manner usual with Chinese.\n\nUnder ordinary circumstances this limitation of the rights of ownership would probably be held to involve the obligation of granting compensation. There are, however, reasons which seem to remove this obligation in the present case. A certain clause in the leases under which property in this and other districts is held, has in the past been construed both by the leaseholders and by the Government as leaving to the Crown a discretion to grant, or refuse, permission for the building of houses of a different character from those previously erected; and as a matter of fact when the substitution of Chinese for European houses was in contemplation the permission of the Government has again and again been asked and has even occasionally been refused. As there has never been any legal decision on the point, this meaning of the clause may, or may not, be correct; but at all events it is one which has been generally accepted; and there is even an opening for doubt whether a single one of the leaseholders acquired his property in the belief that it had attached to it the right which, if it ever existed at all it is now proposed to withdraw.\n\nAnother objection which may possibly be raised to the Ordinance is that it is what is commonly called “class-legislation.\" But apart from the improbability that the Governor would give his sanction to any measure involving this reproach, a very slight consideration will show that it is in no way open to it. A certain district is to be preserved in a condition such as to render it possible for Europeans to continue to live there in health; but there is nothing in the law to prevent Chinese from living there also so long as their habitation is of a character consistent with that condition. The rights of all races will thus be not less equal in this district than elsewhere, and this law so far from injuriously affecting Chinese, will as a matter of fact, be a benefit to them in common with the rest of the community, for the prevention within the prescribed district of the overcrowding which is prevalent elsewhere secures in permanence a comparatively open space, or what is commonly called a \"lung,\" for the densely populated town of Victoria, and is thus more or less beneficial to the health of all the inhabitants.",
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    {
        "id": 342979,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-246 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 594,
        "title": "CO129-246 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "The Daily Press.\n\nHONGKONG, SEPTEMBER 2ND, 1890.\n\nTHE GAP ROCK LIGHTHOUSE.\n\nLATING OF THE FOUNDATION STONE,\n\nEnclosure\n\nThe foundation stone of the Gap Rock Lighthouse was laid yesterday afternoon by His Excellency the Acting Governor. The well-known rock on which the lighthouse is to be erected is a small sterile island, about 400 feet in length, 3.4 miles to the southwest of Hongkong. The main building will be in three storeys, or to be more correct, a basement and two storeys. On the basement is a large tank, capable of holding 12,000 gallons of water. The necessity of this is at once apparent, as owing to the difficulty of reaching the rock at all times and the impossibility in bad weather of reaching it at all, frequently for long periods, one of the first things that it was necessary to secure was a large supply of water for the use of those living there. By means of pipes, the water to fill the tank will be collected from the roof of the building, which is of asphalt, and further, the supply from the tank will probably be supplemented by a condenser. The floor above will contain two living rooms for the lightkeeper, a workshop, and a kitchen. On the next floor will be two more living rooms and coolie quarters. The building will be in two blocks, connected by a stairway, this method of construction being necessitated by the conformation of the rock, the building being as far as possible adapted to the outline. On the top of the main building will be the lantern, the centre being 140 feet above the mean sea level, this being a few feet higher than was originally intended when the plans were first drawn. Under ordinary conditions, the light will be visible at a distance of 21 nautical miles and under very favourable conditions some distance farther.\n\nThe preliminary operations in connection with the erection of the building have been difficult in the extreme, a thousand tons of the hard metamorphic rock having to be blasted before commenced. The building work could be will be of a substantial character, consisting of granite facing set in Portland cement; the walls will be of extra thickness, and as the floors are to be of iron and concrete, the building will be practically fireproof. The light is to be a flash revolving light of the first order, giving a flash every thirty seconds and completing one revolution in four minutes. The light will be of about the same dimensions as that at Cape D'Aguilar, but its force will be nearly double that.\n\nThe light and the lantern now in store have already arrived and are in Hongkong. The lantern is 25 feet in height and 12 feet 10 inches in diameter. The makers are the well-known manufacturers of this class of work, Messrs. Chance Bros. of Birmingham. It is estimated that the whole work will be completed and everything in working order, should no unforeseen accident occur, by the end of 1891, but of course should a protracted spell of bad weather prevent the work proceeding, this time may have to be a little extended.\n\nTwo-thirds of the material required for the construction of the building have already been landed on the rock. Up to the present, the work on the rock has been of a preparatory nature, consisting chiefly of blasting, making roads, and erecting quarters for the workmen. Work commenced in earnest for the first time on the 24th March with thirty or forty men and has gone on continuously ever since, the number of men now employed being about one hundred. One fortunate circumstance that has told in favour of the progress of the work is that up to the present, there have been no cases of sickness among the workmen. The revised estimate for the entire cost of construction is $150,000, and it is hoped and believed that the building when completed will not appreciably overrun this estimate. In this matter, however, as in the estimate of time, much depends on the weather that may prevail during the period of erection.\n\nIn addition to the light, it is under contemplation to fix a foghorn for use in thick weather, when even this powerful light may not be visible. The wisdom of such a course is undoubted. The masonry work has been let on contract to Mr. Tsang Kong, whose name is well known in connection with contracts in respect of large public works, and the construction is being superintended by Mr. Mudie, of the Public Works Department, under the supervision generally of which Department the whole work is being carried out.\n\nConsidering the great initial difficulties that had to be overcome before even a commencement could be made with this undertaking, the untiring perseverance that has been shown and the progress that has been made reflects credit on all concerned, and should the work of construction continue to be conducted, as there is no reason to doubt but it will, with the same energy and skill, the chief of the Department, Hon. S. Brown—from whose plans and according to whose ideas the work is being carried out—will have in the lighthouse a substantial testimony to the ability displayed during his period of service here of which he should have every reason to be proud.\n\nA small party of gentlemen, chiefly from official circles, accompanied His Excellency yesterday to witness the ceremony of laying the foundation stone. Among those present were H. E. Major-General Digby Barker and his A.D.C., Lieut. Barker, Commodore Church, the Acting Chief Justice, Mr. Fielding Clarke; the Acting Attorney-General, Hon. E. J. Ackroyd; the Surveyor General, Hon. S. Brown; Capt. Rumsey, R.N., Harbour Master; Major-General Gordon, Acting Captain Superintendent of Police; Major Dempster, Acting Superintendent of the Gaol; Mr. McLeavy Brown, Commissioner of Customs for Kowloon; Capt. Booth, of the Chinese Customs Service; Mr. F. H. May, Private Secretary to the Governor; Lieut. Thorburn, A.D.C. to the Governor; several members of the Public Works Department, &c. The party left the Murray Pier shortly after 9 a.m. in the steamer Fame, which is employed by the Government in connection with the building of the lighthouse, and after a pleasant run arrived off Gap Rock about one p.m.\n\nOwing to the heavy sea that was running, it was found to be impossible to effect a landing at the usual side of the rock, where a road has been cut to its summit. The party were therefore landed in small sections, first by means of one of the steamer's boats, which took them to a small cove, and from there they were hoisted in couples by means of a derrick on to a landing place about half-way up the Rock. This method of landing occupied considerable time and afforded...\n\nPage 26\n\n \n\n590\n\n26",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-246 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [8-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 344821,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "page_number": 819,
        "title": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "content_text": "黑\n\nnot proving what I could desire, I felt obliged to respectfully decline the post; however, in the following month, I was again favoured by the Crown Agents offering me an Appointment as a mastership in the Govt Central School, Hongkong, which I had much pleasure in accepting. I sailed from England on... He th\n\n等\n\nhee\n\n1884, and upon my landing in China, I applied myself constantly and assiduously to the acquisition of the Chinese language, tried to make myself familiar with the manners and customs of the varied races with which I came in contact.\n\nThe Govt Central School (now the Victoria College) was indeed a favourable ground for my observations, being as it is, one of the finest educational institutions in Asia and possessing some 700 students ranging from 12 to 25 years of age. Some are Chinese, while the remainder are composed of Mahomedans, Hindoos, Parsees, Japanese, Jews, Portuguese, Spaniards, with a small residue of English. It will be seen that to meet with unqualified success, great discretion and knowledge of races is required in order not to offend the various susceptibilities of the different nations alike.\n\nIn Febry 1886, I was officially reported to the Rt Hon Sir George Bowen (then Governor of HongKong) as having readily adapted myself to this peculiar position and having made my labours a credit and success.\n\nSince then, I have passed my examinations in Chinese, both in the colloquial and in the written character, \"with credit.\"\n\nIn 1886, the Japanese Consul being in need of an English secretary, applied to the Hon. Fred Stewart, the Colonial Secretary of HongKong, and I was recommended to this private position for two years, in fact until the Consul, Minami, was appointed Under-Secretary for Agriculture in the Japanese Government.\n\nThis period (1886-88), in the Japanese Consulate at HongKong, is perhaps the most eventful in its history. As your lordship is aware, some 20 years previous to this, Japan had opened her gates to the flood of civilization, and was beginning to manufacture and to seek, by every legitimate means, outlets for her manufactures and products.\n\nIn 1886, the Japanese Consulate at Hong Kong had done little or nothing to promote the increase of Japanese trade, but with Mr. Minami as Consul (a gentleman of great sagacity and perseverance), no stone was left unturned to increase the Japanese trade. Before he left the Colony, therefore, he had the extreme satisfaction of seeing much readier markets than when he arrived.\n\nIn Hongkong, for such products as: - matting, porcelain, peppermint oil, copper, inferior soap, rough yarns, and cotton cloths, to say nothing of the much increased British trade, which he greatly favoured. If I may be permitted to call your lordship's attention to the fact that the official language of Japan is English (at least in my experience), and that every commercial or diplomatic letter (except to and from the Chinese, who use the Chinese characters, the same as the Japanese) was composed and written by me, and that the Consul Minami, although an Oriental scholar, spoke little and less English, then the nature of my services can be accurately estimated.\n\nShortly after Mr. Minami returned, I received an intimation from the secretary of the late Count Mori (then Minister of Education in Japan) that...",
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    {
        "id": 346696,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-251 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [9-11]",
        "page_number": 300,
        "title": "CO129-251 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [9-11]",
        "content_text": "## To The Crown Agents for the Colonies.\nPark Cottage  \n297 East Sheen  \nNovember 1891\n\nGentlemen,\n\nI have the honour to return herewith the papers concerning the Water and Drainage department, Hong Kong.\n\nThe principal point upon which I am called upon to express an opinion, is, I apprehend, the proposed amalgamation of the Water and Drainage department, with that of the Surveyor General.\n\nI am of opinion that the advantages, which Mr Cooper sets forth in his letter of 19th October, will be realised, so long as he; or an engineer of equal capacity, experience and energy, is at the head of the joint department.\n\nIn a Colony like Hong Kong, it is not, however, always practicable to secure the services of an Engineer, having the ripe and varied experience as well as the energy and perseverance of the present acting surveyor general.\n\nTherefore, before making a final amalgamation of the two departments, the possible effect of this step on the public welfare of the Colony must be considered, on general grounds, and apart from the particular individual to whom it is proposed, in the present instance, to entrust their management.\n\nI should ... seem to have Mr Cooper, and I have certainly no better arrangement to suggest.\n\nThe possible effect of a future change, due I trust to Mr Cooper's promotion, should also be considered.\n\n...\n\nIs it necessary to send any part of Mr. Chadwick's report to the Colony? As there is no hint in `22485` that the salary of the Surveyor General should be increased, I would certainly not suggest it. Mr. Cooper will not only be transferred to a permanent office but also to a salary of $6600 (instead of $5400 his present pay) and will doubtless be well content.\n\nSee also `22485` and `22990`.\n\n...\n\nPage 300  \nPage 301",
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    {
        "id": 347493,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]",
        "page_number": 509,
        "title": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]",
        "content_text": "## A Waterworks Benefit \n\n...\n\n508 of the Act, which impose penalties for waste and abuse, should be firmly applied. If this be done in a few cases, the practice will cease. I earnestly hope that the Government will cordially support the Resident Engineer in his endeavors to prevent waste. It only requires a little firmness and perseverance to do this. If it is not done, then the Government at an early date will have to expend a very large sum in extending the works.\n\nIt is not alone necessary to bring the system of distribution into a well-organised condition. Provision must also be made for the permanent supervision of the whole system of Watersupply. If a suitable staff be not provided, the works will quickly revert to the condition of disorder which obtained in 1868. I think that the moment has arrived for considering the formation of a permanent water-works staff, to maintain the water works as soon as they are finished and thoroughly organised.\n\nSo long as the Water and Drainage Department remains in existence, the maintenance of the water-works should remain under its control. Though the works, as regards mains, reservoirs, and the like will be finished before long, some time must elapse before the whole system of distribution can be organised, a duty which obviously will be best performed by those intrusted with the construction of the works.\n\nThe Resident Engineer should however have full power to modify the existing staff, to suit the altered conditions, so as to make timely provision for future maintenance.\n\nThe existing staff of the water-works, in addition to the persons in charge of the reservoirs and filter-beds, consists",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 351592,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 507,
        "title": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "I gratulate you also on the presence in your midst of a staff of masters who appear to devote themselves to you in a most uncommon way. Masters little know what influence they have for good or evil over boys who are entrusted to their charge; it is therefore most gratifying to how what Dr. Wright has said with reference to Mr. Machell and one or two others whose names at this moment I do not recollect. I can only in a general way impress upon you, as I have done before, the necessity of perseverance and industry on your part.\n\nAs I think I told you last year there is an old Chinese proverb to the effect that learning is more valuable than gold, and that is very true. There is also an English saying which is to this effect: \"A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. Drink deep, or taste not, the Pierian spring.\" Therefore, following that up, boys, it is your duty to work as hard as you can to repay all the trouble that has been taken in your cause by your masters, and to repay your parents for the expense they have been put to in sending you to this capital institution. My only hope is that if it is a pleasure to come here and present the prizes again next year I shall see as great an improvement at that date as I am very ready to admit I have observed in the appearance and conduct of you all this year. I thank you very much indeed for your attendance here and for the excellent discipline shown by you boys.\n\nI may mention that I was very much pleased with the exhibition of physical drill which was given outside. I trust that the remarks which Dr. Wright made will be modified next year. He said, \"The senior boys, or rather men, have overcome a little their national prejudice to physical exercise, which they view as undignified.\" It is not at all undignified in our ideas. It gives a boy a good carriage. It makes him more ready to receive discipline, and in every way it improves his physique, and as I have always said there is nothing like mens sana in corpore sano—a sound mind in a good strong body. I am much obliged to you all and I congratulate you again upon the results of the examination. Dr. Wright asks me to state that the next term commences on Saturday next, when all you boys will be expected to be in your places. (Loud applause).\n\nPage 506",
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    },
    {
        "id": 352516,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 108,
        "title": "CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "low greasy \n\nwrite with unsharpened slate pencils on slates frequently \n\nto allow of legible writing, and finally the absence of any filter or filtered-writer for the boys, \n\nthings which it seems you do not consider it your duty to attend to or \n\nbring \n\nall these are \n\ntc \n\nto the Headmaster's \n\nnotice with sufficient perseverance and earnestness. \n\nAgain, I have failed to observe \n\nany indication of any interest taken by the masters in the use of the playground by the \n\nboys. Before expensive site was appropriated by the Government, special stress was laid on the absolute necessity of providing a large playground because of the opportunity \n\nthis extensive and \n\nwhich it was said, it would afford \n\n107 \n\nafford to English-speaking boys to mix with Chinese boys \n\nin English games, and it \n\nwas \n\nexpressly stated that English is learned on the playground \n\nas well as inside the schoolroom. What \n\nI have observed is that the \n\nEnglish-speaking boys (who have been mostly segregated in two distinct classes), keep \n\nsystematically aloof during the daily recess from the Chinese boys, \n\nso that there is no \n\nEnglish speaking whatever in the hearing of the Chinese boys anywhere out of the schoolroom. I have heard of one \n\nor two masters organizing school sports once \n\na year for a week or two, far away at the Happy Valley. But I have not \n\nseen ...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 355469,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-264 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1894 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 454,
        "title": "CO129-264 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1894 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "Enclosure 1\n\n# C.O. 1 \n659 449 \n\n\"The Hongkong Weekly Press\" of 20th October, 1894 \n\n## THE PLAGUE HEROES. \n### PUBLIC MEETING AT THE CITY HALL. \n\nA largely attended public meeting was held on Thursday afternoon for the purpose of considering at the City Hall the steps to be taken to recognise the services rendered to the community during the plague.\n\nAmong those present were H. E. Sir William Robinson, His Honour Mr. Justice Ackroyd, Hon. J. H. Stewart Lockhart, Hon. J. J. Keswick, Hon. E. R. Belilios, Hon. A. McConachie, Hon. E. Bowdler, Capt. Lethbridge, Messrs. H. Mackintosh, A. Coxon, H. H. Hoppins, T. Jackson, H. E. Wodehouse, C. V. Ladds, Granville Sharp, R. Fraser Smith, G. Piercy, T. Sercombe Smith, G. R. Stevens, J. Grant Smith, A. Findlay Smith, J. Hastings, J. R. Michael, D. R. Sassoon, J. S. Moyes, J. Thurburn, W. Wylie, A. G. Wise, V. H. Dacon, J. B. Coughtrie, A. B. Johnson, A. G. Wood, Gen. B. Dodwell, J. P. Cottain, W. St. J. Hancock, R. M. Gray, J. Marshall, Capt. Sterling, and others.\n\nThe ACTING CHIEF JUSTICE—I am quite sure everyone here will heartily endorse the action of the Committee in asking His Excellency the Governor to take the chair on this occasion, and I therefore formally move that Sir William Robinson do take the chair. (Applause).\n\nHis EXCELLENCY—Gentlemen, I am much obliged to you for asking me to take the chair on this interesting occasion. We are met this afternoon, as you know, to consider the steps which should be taken to recognise the gallant and noble efforts of those volunteers, military, naval, police, and lay, who offered their services unreservedly and with such great effect, when the plague broke out. I do not intend to trench upon the able and eloquent speeches which I have no doubt we shall hear from the gentlemen on either side of me.\n\nI am glad to see so many here this afternoon—gentlemen who I feel sure will delight in doing honour to those to whom great honour is due. (Hear, hear). The first resolution, which will be moved by the Acting Chief Justice, is as follows: \"That this meeting do resolve that the services rendered to this community during the recent plague by those who assisted are worthy of public recognition.\"\n\nThe ACTING CHIEF JUSTICE—Your Excellency and gentlemen, I have much pleasure in responding to the call of your Excellency in moving the first resolution, which has just been placed before you. The facts connected with the recent plague and the services which have been rendered to the colony in connection with this outbreak are no doubt still fresh in your minds, but perhaps you will permit me for the purposes of this resolution to briefly recall them.\n\nIn the beginning of May last, there were rumours here that a new and, to all appearances, a deadly disease was raging in Canton. Enquiries there proved the report to be true, and soon after that, there were some suspicious deaths in this colony. These increased, and on May 11th, there was a meeting of the Sanitary Board at which extraordinary resolutions and exceptional powers were taken, and this colony was declared to be infected.\n\nThe Sanitary Board, assisted by Mr. May and the Europeans in the police under him, did all that they could then to stop the progress of the disease. This unfortunately was ineffectual; volunteers were called for, and about fifty were obtained from the garrison, and it was hoped that with the advent of the rains, we should be able to stamp out the disease. Our hopes vanished bit by bit; fresh efforts were made, and we received further assistance from the garrison to the extent of 300 volunteers.\n\nNotwithstanding this, the plague still spread; it took a good hold on the colony, and during several weeks, it taxed the courage, energy, and perseverance of those who were seeking to combat it. At last, by God's blessing on the measures taken, we were mercifully delivered from it. I am sure you all wish to recognise the services of those who assisted the colony in this terrible visitation.\n\nTo Major-General Barker, I think our first thanks are due. He at once saw the gravity of the situation and acted as perhaps few would have done. He did not hesitate to take upon himself the responsibility of sanctioning the volunteering of the military. The responsibility was great, for all that we knew of the plague was that it was a deadly disease, and nobody could then tell what would be the effect of it on these men, who would be brought so closely into contact with it.\n\nThe General, recognising the danger that the colony was in, continued the responsibility of allowing the soldiers to go on with their good work. Fortunately, we have only had to deplore one death among the volunteers, but if there had been a greater mortality, the General would have been severely blamed by his superiors and by those who are always ready to criticise and censure the efforts of others without doing anything themselves to help their fellow-creatures in moments of difficulty and distress.\n\nThe colony is deeply indebted to General Barker, and his services, I am quite sure, will not go unrewarded. I think I should next mention the services rendered by the officers and soldiers of the Shropshire Regiment, by several officers of the Royal Engineers, and by other members of the garrison. Whatever they did was essentially volunteer service.\n\nThey are not, strictly speaking, ours; they are here to-day and gone to-morrow. But as soon as they saw they could be of use and recognised the colony was in danger, they readily and willingly came forward to help. Their task was not a light one; on the contrary, it was a difficult one. At times, it must have been very disagreeable and always fraught with danger.\n\nRemember, they were working in the slums of Taipingshan during the summer months. Their work was to visit from house to house, to search for the sick and the dead, to remove them and all the accumulations of dirt and filth, furniture and other effects, and then to thoroughly disinfect and cleanse these houses. I am told the amount of dirt removed was astonishing.\n\nThis work was always done with alacrity and never-failing good humour, and it was done only as volunteers could do it. (Applause). There was no half-heartedness, for they did it with all their might. (Loud applause). The Colonel and officers tendered valuable assistance. They vied with each other in organising the men, in teaching them, and rendering every assistance they could; and by their constant presence, showed they were ready to participate in the danger to which the men who were at work were exposed.\n\nColonel Robinson visited his men, I believe, morning and evening, nearly every day, and nothing was left undone by him that he could do to help and encourage them. (Applause). The officers also on duty imitated his example; there was no shirking their work; they assisted the men so far as they could; they worked with them and encouraged them by their constant presence in the midst of the infected district.\n\nSoldiers, as a rule, are trained to destroy life, not to save it; this was a new rôle for our friend Tommy Atkins, but he has done it well. He has proved that he can do his duty whether it is resisting a European foe, or repelling the furious onslaughts of Indian or Arab fanatics, or fighting in the slums of Taipingshan an unseen but not less deadly enemy. (Applause).\n\nThis regiment has a distinguished record which is proudly displayed on its colours, for it has fought its country's battles during the long contest in the Peninsula, on the burning plains of Scinde, and in other parts of India, and again in Egypt and the Soudan. Of these feats, it is justly proud, but I think the day-to-day fight with disease in Taipingshan in the summer of 1894 will, for courage and endurance and devotedness to duty, compare with any of their gallant achievements. (Loud applause).",
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        "id": 355470,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "page_number": 455,
        "title": "CO129-264 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1894 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "450\n\nLent. Boys, R.E., we are specially indebted to the first officer (applause) for he was the one who volunteered, and from the 17th May to the end of the epidemic he gave up all his time (after the completion of his military duties), all his afternoons and Sundays, in assisting Mr. Crook in the disagreeable work of cleansing and disinfecting the houses. He worked unremittingly at this and also in superintending the detachment of Royal Engineers employed on that work. All who have seen him at work, as well as the Permanent Committee of the Sanitary Board, bear high testimony to his services and conduct. I would also mention Capt. Stewart, Lieut. Molesworth, and Lieut. Kelsall, also of the R.E., who did good work. Capt. Murray gave valuable assistance in the most necessary and useful work of removing those poor creatures from the filthy hovels in Taipingshan to better quarters elsewhere; and in connection with these services I would mention the name of Mr. Mitchell-Innes, who helped a great deal in overcoming many of the difficulties of removal. (Applause.) From the Navy we received eight or ten men, who did very good service. I have left myself very little time to speak of the special services rendered by Mr. May and the police. Mr. May, I think, has especially distinguished himself. (Loud applause.) It might be said that in the position which he held he could hardly have kept back, but from the very first, when he began the work with his own men, up to the end, he was unremitting in his efforts.\n\nHe had the task to organise the work of all the men, superintend the house-to-house visitation, attend to the removal of the sick from Taipingshan, and all the cleansing and disinfecting work, with a great deal of physical labour about it; and the exertion he went through and zeal he displayed are beyond all praise. (Applause.) His perseverance and courage did not for a moment desert him, even when he saw his fellow worker, Capt. Vouy, stricken down. I know myself that the first tram brought him down in the morning, and it was not until late at night that he reached his home again. I am quite sure you will agree with me that he behaved right well. To the members of the force who worked under him we are indebted for very valuable services. To the other volunteers—there were about twenty of them—who responded to the call of the Permanent Committee we are also indebted; they all more or less lent help according to their abilities and the time at their disposal. I would mention especially Mr. H. C. Nicolle, Mr. W. Blaynay, and Mr. Chesney Duncan.\n\nFrom the medical profession we always expect that where there is danger or any human suffering to be alleviated, they will be to the front. That profession has a glorious record of heroic deeds and devotedness to duty, and the members of the profession in Hongkong will not allow that reputation to be in any way lowered or sullied. Surgeon-Major James and Dr. Pauny volunteered at once, and, with Dr. Ayres and Dr. Lowson, left no stone unturned to afford every assistance science could give for the benefit of those who were combatting the disease or to those who had fallen victims to it. I must not forget to mention the Permanent Committee. They had a heavy task. They had to organise the carrying out of a great many of those measures, and they did their work well. Mr. Francis, I know, devoted a great part of his time for several months to this work, and his fellow committee men assure me of the assistance they have received from him. (Applause). I should not like to forget Mr. Crook, who had very disagreeable work to do. He worked hard and earnestly throughout the whole of the epidemic. (Applause) Nor would you wish me to pass over Capt. Hastings. (Applause.) You will no doubt remember that at one time a very serious difficulty arose with respect to the disposal of the dead.\n\nIt taxed the resources of the Sanitary Board for some time, but gruesome as was the task and repulsive as were the details, Captain Hastings stepped into the breach, and, with the assistance of some military and some seamen, he soon overcame all obstacles. Gentlemen, I have just been reminded that I have been very negligent; instead of giving the first place to the ladies I have left them to the last. It is not, however, on this occasion the least nor the lowest. They were also volunteers. This work could not have been required of them, not in the least. Anything outside the hospital was outside their contract, and not only this, but it was extra work, for their hospital duties went on all the time as usual. Yet the services of the Sisters at the Government Civil Hospital were given without a murmur; they obediently volunteered their services to nurse the sick and went forth upon their self-imposed task of mercy in the alacrity and good will and, with the greatest kindness and devotion, day after day nursed those stricken down by the plague. Do you recognise what this meant—tending the sick in the plague hospitals with all its repulsive symptoms and dangers—and yet not for one moment did one of those Sisters flinch; no risk or fear of contagion dismayed them. From first to last they performed their duty admirably. (Applause). They once more proved the truth of the great poet's words, who wrote:-\n\nWhen pain and anguish wring the brow\nA ministering angel thou.\n\nI hope that I have not forgotten anyone, but if I have the Committee you are about to appoint will certainly make up the deficiency. But long as I have detained you I will ask you for two or three minutes' indulgence in order that I may pay tribute to the memory of one who died in your service. Capt. Vesey was justly popular in his regiment. He had, I believe, everything that could make life worth living and enjoyable, and he had intended, I understand, soon to retire to live in his own country and among his old friends. It has been otherwise ordained. He obeyed the call of duty and gave a bright example to his men by the zeal and unflinching energy which he threw into this work. He stopped at the work after he should have retired from it; he was seized by the disease and he died of it. Surely that was not a soldier's death; not the one I think that we or he would have chosen. He no doubt would have preferred to have met his death at the head of his men amid the din of battle, with the shout of victory ringing in his ears to cheer him even in the throes of death itself; instead of that he died on a bed of sickness among strangers in a strange land. Let us hope that ere his gallant spirit passed away the pang of separation was mitigated, the grief of dying among strangers was softened, and he was comforted in his last moments by the thought that he had laid down his life in the service of others. He will live in our memories. We shall require no storied urn or animated bust to remind us of him, for he has erected his own monument in one year's work. But I am sure that you would wish that his services and death should remain recorded here long after we have passed away. Gentlemen, I have done. We honour ourselves in recognising such services as have been rendered to us, and in seeking to honour those to whom our gratitude is due. I know I have interpreted the feelings of this community in saying that we are most anxious to recognise those services and to show by some outward mark our great appreciation of them. I have much pleasure in proposing: That this meeting do resolve that the services rendered to this community during the recent plague by those who assisted are worthy of recognition. (Loud applause.)\n\nMr. E. MACKINTOSH—After the very able and eloquent speech we have heard from the Acting Chief Justice I am sure that there is no necessity for me to detain you at all. The resolution which has been proposed by him I am sure must appeal to the hearts of every one of us, who have of necessity been passing through this great emergency. I think there will be one responsive vote to the motion just proposed. I beg to second it.\n\nThe motion was carried with loud applause.\n\nMr. T. JACKSON—Your Excellency and gentlemen, I am sure we all fully appreciate the very eloquent speech of the mover of the first resolution just made. I am sure there is not one of us who does not thoroughly appreciate the noble band of men who first combatted the plague, for it was then a very serious matter indeed. Speaking for myself I can only remember that the lay volunteers who went into the native town to clear out those pest places were really going into the jaws of death. We have great reason to be thankful that only one—the noble Vesey—died. I am sure that the services of the Naval and Military and of the Public Works Department were...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-264 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1894 [9-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 357575,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-267 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 432,
        "title": "CO129-267 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "429 \n\nThe prosperity of the Colony not yet recovered from the severe financial blows dealt it by the dislocation of Exchange, and the long period of depression following the unsound speculative policy of a few years ago, it now becomes important to enquire how far this last and crowning disaster was due to preventible causes, and if so to whom should be apportioned the blame and the responsibility.\n\nIn embarking on such an enquiry the Committee are actuated by a desire to bring to Your Excellency's notice and attention some facts and suggestions thereon that may serve to prevent the perpetuation of a faulty and perfunctory system, repetition of past error or possible perseverance in a policy of \"drift\" and procrastination.\n\nThe fact that the sanitation of the City of Victoria was far from satisfactory was officially recognised some 15 years ago. It is only just to say that, long prior to such recognition attention had been earnestly called by the Colonial Surgeon, Dr. Ayres, to the ever increasing saturation of the soil by sewage, owing to bad drainage, and he predicted the calamity which has now taken place if the evil were not abated. It was not, however, until 1881 that the official recognition of the impending danger took any concrete form, when MR. Osbert Chadwick was commissioned to make a report on the sanitation of the Colony, and in the following year the conclusions of this expert were given to the Secretary of State for the Colonies in some exhaustive reports. Lord Kimberley, when forwarding these reports early in 1888 to the Officer Administering the Government (Hon. W. H. Marsh) remarked in the fourth paragraph of his covering despatch:-",
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    {
        "id": 362329,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-274 - Public Offices & Others - 1896",
        "page_number": 554,
        "title": "CO129-274 - Public Offices & Others - 1896",
        "content_text": "COPY OF TESTIMONIAL\n\nREG 14 NOV 36\n\nST. PETER'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, November 6th, 1883.\n\nI have much pleasure in giving testimony in favour of Mr. R. M. JAMESON as a candidate for a Mastership. He has been with us four terms, having migrated to Peterhouse in October, 1882. While he has been with us he has always been gentlemanly and courteous in manners and bearing, and by his geniality, rapidly ingratiated himself with the members of his new college. This qualification appears to me to be of great value in one who seeks a mastership in school.\n\nAs to Mr. JAMESON's knowledge; in the wide range of subjects read for the previous and general examinations, he has made an excellent appearance. He is now reading Chemistry, &c., for the final examination in December, and I have every reason to believe that his careful study, diligence, and perseverance, leave no doubt of his success in obtaining his degree before Christmas.\n\nI must add that, while using his utmost diligence to do well in the final examination, he has had time to prepare the Natural Science subjects of the 1st M.B. examination, his intention being merely to qualify himself as much as possible for a Mastership.\n\nI therefore confidently recommend him for such a post as that for which he now applies; and I feel sure that his appointment will give satisfaction to all.\n\nJ. D. H. DICKSON, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Peterhouse, Cambridge.\n\nP.S.-Respecting the final examination referred to by Mr. Dickson, my name appeared in the First Class, at the head of the list of successful candidates. R.M.J.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-274 - Public Offices & Others - 1896.txt",
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        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-291 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 174,
        "title": "CO129-291 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "the univariate (direction is \n\nhat action, if any, \n\nbe taken \n\nQue \n\nregards \n\nlatest memorials. \n\nMould \n\nthei \n\neurrials. My \n\nunctivation would be to do \n\nnothing, \n\nared, \n\nregards \n\nthe \n\nto inform \n\nJuniay, \n\nfort. that hit Chamberlain has \n\nnothing \n\nto add to the dupertale \n\non 28425, adding, in a \n\nconfidential despatch, \n\nhe has considered the \n\nthat \n\nLindam now brought forward, \n\nall the cir \n\nbut under all \n\nof the case, does not propose \n\nfortuner pursue \n\nwatter further. \n\nthe \n\nAs regards Stanton, \n\n1 \n\nbe uninition 11445. \n\n4/8 \n\n171 \n\nIn Swingfield Sagree that nothing furt \n\nnothing further need be \n\ndone in consequence of these fresh declarations which ch \n\ngreat perseverance has obtained. \n\nthe evidence contames \n\nA great deal of \n\nin their is mere \n\n+ Mor \n\nwith \n\nhearsays, of the \n\ncharacter with which these police \n\nscandals have made as familias, \n\n+ \n\nto \n\nmymind the \n\nonly \n\neisence \n\nreally material is that given by \n\nWong Kwork, or Pang \n\nOn who declare \n\nthat they personally paid mong \n\nboth Stanton & \n\nQuincey. \n\nlong. Kusk is affarenhen disreputable person who was \n\n* \n\nChummy \n\n今 \n\nbacished \n\nCros sxamier \n\nfrom the colony and bot be bea put into the witnen box I think \n\nbe liked to View his evidence with considerable \n\na \n\njuy would \n\ndoubt. As to Pang on his avocations do not show him to have been very respectable. Sid share It is impossible \n\nnow to confront \n\nthere withenes with Stanton & Quincey or to satisfactorily riff then statements\n\nAfter re-examining the instructions and applying them to the given text, here is the corrected version in HTML format:\n\nThe univariate direction is \n\nWhat action, if any, \n\nshould be taken \n\nRegarding \n\nthe latest memorials. \n\nI mould \n\ntheir \n\nmemorials. My \n\ninclination would be to do \n\nnothing, \n\nas regards \n\nthe \n\nmatter to inform \n\nChamberlain that \n\nhe has \n\nnothing \n\nto add to the despatch \n\non 28425, adding, in a \n\nconfidential despatch, \n\nthat he has considered the \n\npoints \n\nnow brought forward by \n\nLindam, \n\nand under all \n\nthe circumstances of the case, does not propose \n\nto further pursue \n\nthe matter further. \n\nAs regards Stanton, \n\n...\n\nbe uninfluenced by 11445. \n\n4/8 \n\n171 \n\nI agree with Swingfield that nothing further need be \n\ndone in consequence of these fresh declarations which \n\nhave been obtained with great perseverance. \n\nThe evidence contains \n\na great deal of \n\nmere \n\nhearsay, of the \n\ncharacter with which these police \n\nscandals have made us familiar, \n\nand \n\nto \n\nmy mind the \n\nonly \n\nevidence \n\nreally material is that given by \n\nWong Kwok, or Pang \n\nwho declare \n\nthat they personally paid money \n\nto both Stanton & \n\nQuincey. \n\nKwok is a disreputable person who was \n\nbanished \n\nfrom the colony and I think \n\nhis evidence should be viewed with considerable \n\ndoubt. A jury would \n\nlikely doubt it. As to Pang, his avocations do not show him to have been very respectable. It is impossible \n\nnow to confront \n\nthese witnesses with Stanton & Quincey or to satisfactorily refute their statements\n\nHere is the corrected HTML output:\n\nThe univariate direction is \n\nWhat action, if any, \n\nshould be taken \n\nRegarding \n\nthe latest memorials. \n\nI mould \n\ntheir \n\nmemorials. My \n\ninclination would be to do \n\nnothing, \n\nas regards \n\nthe \n\nmatter to inform \n\nChamberlain that \n\nhe has \n\nnothing \n\nto add to the despatch \n\non 28425, adding, in a \n\nconfidential despatch, \n\nthat he has considered the \n\npoints \n\nnow brought forward by \n\nLindam, \n\nand under all \n\nthe circumstances of the case, does not propose \n\nto further pursue \n\nthe matter further. \n\nthe \n\nAs regards Stanton, \n\n1 \n\nbe uninfluenced by 11445. \n\n4/8 \n\n171 \n\nIn Swingfield I agree that nothing further need be \n\ndone in consequence of these fresh declarations which \n\nhave been obtained with great perseverance. \n\nthe evidence contains \n\nA great deal of \n\nmere \n\n+ More \n\nwith \n\nhearsays, of the \n\ncharacter with which these police \n\nscandals have made us familiar, \n\n+ \n\nto \n\nmy mind the \n\nonly \n\nevidence \n\nreally material is that given by \n\nWong Kwok, or Pang \n\nwho declare \n\nthat they personally paid money \n\nto both Stanton & \n\nQuincey. \n\nKwok is a disreputable person who was \n\nbanished \n\nfrom the colony and I think \n\nhis evidence should be viewed with considerable \n\na \n\njury would \n\ndoubt. As to Pang, his avocations do not show him to have been very respectable. It is impossible \n\nnow to confront \n\nthese witnesses with Stanton & Quincey or to satisfactorily refute their statements",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-291 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [5-6].txt",
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    {
        "id": 374881,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-296 - Public Offices & Others - 1899",
        "page_number": 210,
        "title": "CO129-296 - Public Offices & Others - 1899",
        "content_text": "QUESTIONS.\n\n7. Do you consider him to be professionally qualified to undertake the duties of such an appointment as he now desires?\n\n8. Are you aware of any circumstance tending to disqualify him for such an appointment?\n\n9. The Secretary of State will be glad to receive any information which you may have to give respecting his character or qualifications in addition to what is contained in the answers to the foregoing questions.\n\nSignature...\n\nANSWERS.\n\n7. I believe him to be very well qualified.\n\n8. I know he is most able, wild, & conscientious Student.\n\n9. None\n\nCommunications on this subject should be addressed to-\n\nThe Under Secretary of State,\n\nCol. Division, S. W., H. Kong\n\n18330/99\n\nDowning Street,\n\n24 July 1899\n\nSir,\n\nI am directed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to inform you that, subject to your being passed by the medical adviser of this Department as physically fit for service, he proposes to select you for probationary appointment as Assistant Apothecary and Analyst in the Government Civil Hospital, with salary at the rate of $1,800 a year to be raised to $2,400 as may be made permanent at the end of three years, subject to your being satisfactory.\n\nThe value of the dollar varies from time to time, at present about 2s. 1 1/2d., but you will receive an Exchange Allowance in addition to your salary. You will be furnished with bachelor quarters at the Hospital free of rent. We will be required, if so desired, to give security to the extent of $3,000 in respect of the pecuniary responsibility attaching to your office.\n\nYour conduct has been good, he has applied himself to his studies with perseverance. He is a level-headed, self-reliant man, a gentleman in manner & habit, good in all outside qualities, & with accomplishments which will always ensure his occupying a good social position.\n\nJ. Win Weeke\n\nOccupation, Professional qualifications, &c.-\n\nAddress: 186 Peckham Rye SE\n\nDate: July 18th 1899.\n\nWB & L (384c)---12121-500-12H\n\nAnso 19726.\n\n2. It is to be understood that your engagement is for not more than three years from the date of your arrival in the Colony; and that, if it is established to the satisfaction of the Governor that you are not qualified for efficient service there, the Governor, subject to the confirmation of the Secretary of State, will have full power to cancel your appointment at any time within the said three years without giving you any further compensation than a passage back to England, which will be granted only if the Governor is satisfied that you have, by your good conduct, deserved it.\n\n3. It is also to be understood that your services will be available for whatever duties the Governor may consider desirable to employ you, and that it will be within his discretion to station you wherever he may consider that your presence will be most useful.\n\n4. It will be necessary for you to express your acceptance of the conditions stated in the 2nd and 3rd paragraphs of this letter before your appointment is confirmed.\n\n(TURN OVER.\n\nPage 210\n\nPage 211",
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    {
        "id": 379474,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "page_number": 427,
        "title": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "content_text": "## \n198 \nC \n422 \n\nCommission or otherwise, and guard against any preferential rights of Trade being granted to any nation.\n\n4th. One policy must be laid down for our Consuls in China to follow, and each of them must no longer be allowed to be a law unto himself as in the past.\n\n5th. Piracy must be put down with a strong hand, and at once (I have, during the last 15 months, addressed to you some half dozen letters on this subject, pointing out the damage which is being done to British trade by these robberies on the waters of our adjacent waterways, and only a few days since yet another similar piratical occurrence took place on board the steam launch \"Perseverance\" in the mouth of the Canton River).\n\n6th. The Government should be required to pledge itself to promptly put this Port and Island in a satisfactory state of defence. I have addressed you already upon this subject in my letters of 4th May 1899 and 31st March 1900.\n\nSurely the protection of the only serious British base and Coaling-station in the Far East (for Weihaiwei is apparently only being tinkered at) is a matter of national importance, and we hope that our members of Parliament who are interested in China will not rest until \n\n(1) Every one of the muzzle-loading guns in our forts, which we mentioned in our letter to...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 381136,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 664,
        "title": "CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "To the \n\nRight Honourable \n\n659 \n\nO \n\n16 \n\nJOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN, M.P., \n\nPRINCIPAL SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES. \n\nRESPECTFULLY SHEWETH \n\nTHE HUMBLE PETITION of the Undersigned Merchants, Bankers, Professional Men, Traders, Artisans, and others, inhabitants of the Crown Colony of Hongkong. \n\n1.---The Colony of Hongkong, comprising the island of that name, and the recently acquired New Territory on the mainland adjoining, is situate near the south-eastern extremity of the vast empire of China. Since the Colony was founded, 60 years ago, it has progressed to such an extent that it now ranks as the third shipping port of the British Empire. It is the most important British Naval and Military Station in Eastern Asia. \n\n2. The population of Hongkong (not including the New Territory), was estimated (from a preliminary report of the Census taken in January last) to the middle of June, 1900, as being 283,955, exclusive of the Army and Navy, the former being estimated at 2,568 and the latter at 3,110. These numbers are considerably augmented by the constant arrival of numerous British and Foreign ships of war. The total tonnage which entered and cleared Hongkong during the year 1899 amounted to 18,101,300 tons, being an increase compared with 1898 of 835,529 tons. The trade of the Colony is estimated at $500,000,000 per annum. The total revenue from the Colony in 1899 was $3,610,143.25, against $2,918,159.24 in 1898. During 1899 the Actual Revenue exceeded the Estimated Revenue by $724,006.25 if the amounts from Land Sales and the Water Account be included. The Revenue for 1899 exceeded the expenditure by $447,350.39 It is believed that the surplus for 1900 will show a much greater increase. \n\n3.-In his report for 1899 (No. 314) H.E. Sir Henry Arthur Blake, G.C.M.G., the Governor of the Colony, said: \"The general condition of the Colony is most flourishing, and with the command of cheap labour, it gives promise of developing into a great manufacturing centre.\" The Colony has attained to its present prosperous and important position mainly through the enterprise, ability, energy and perseverance of His Majesty's loyal subjects resident here, who have spent millions of dollars in industrial, marine, and commercial undertakings; and also because of its being a free port, offering to all races, Europeans and Asiatics alike, freedom from oppression, security for life and property, and a just and orderly government. \n\n4.-The permanent prosperity of Hongkong, in fact its very existence, depends upon a wise and a just administrative Government, which will ensure the protection and maintain the freedom of its inhabitants. The local Government",
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    {
        "id": 381753,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 466,
        "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "Colonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 21st June 1901\n\nIn continuation of my letter No. 1488 of the 19th instant, I am directed to inform you that the witnesses in the Perseverance Firm's Case have been found by the Captain, Superintendent of Police.\n\nI shall be glad to know whether, in these circumstances, the Chinese authorities desire their attendance to give evidence at the trial in Canton.\n\nI have etc.,\n\nJ. Stewart Smith,\n\nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\nTo\n\nHis Britannic Majesty's Consul-General,\n\nCanton.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 381757,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 470,
        "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "COPY.\n\nTELEGRAM\n\n466\n\nFrom H. E. B. Kennard, Acting Consul-General, Canton, to the Colonial Secretary, Hongkong, dated 7th August, 1901.\n\nPerseverance arrived to-day definitely. Fired 109th, August. Planes saw witnesses Friday night, blank...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 381759,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 472,
        "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "468\n\n-80. P. 1.1\n\nExtradition prisoners from Hongkong convicted and sentenced to death,\n\nEnclosures.\n\nL55 12 1*2, Consulate-General, Canton, 8th August, 1901\n\nI have the honour to report that the first trial of prisoners extradited from Hongkong in the presence of a Consular Officer under the new procedure in such cases, has resulted satisfactorily in the conviction and sentence of death of three of the five non-accused.\n\nTwo hearings were held in the case before the Nanhai Magistrate. At the first hearing, I requested Mr. Little, who was acting temporarily as Vice-Consul during Mr. Tuyuan's absence at Fatshan, to be present, and Mr. Bly was present on the second occasion. I enclose Mr. Bly's very clear report on the proceedings. Mr. Bly's conduct of the matter appears to me to have been judicious and it will, I hope, meet with your approval.\n\nI also enclose a copy and translation of the Viceroy's despatch embodying the report of the Nanhai Magistrate, and communicating to me the result of the trial, and stating that sentence of death has been passed on three of the accused. Of the other two, one was remanded for further inquiry, and against the fifth there appears to be little or no evidence.\n\nI think I should point out, to explain Mr. Bly's attitude during the trial, that with respect to the four men accused of piracy on board the S.S. \"Perseverance\", a British ship flying the British flag, he occupied to a large extent the position of prosecutor on behalf of the Consulate-General and of the British interests concerned, and that it was his duty to press the case as far as the evidence admitted against the accused.\n\nIn the case of Lui Shoang, one of the non-convicted, Mr. Bly's position was that which could ordinarily be occupied by the Officers of this Consulate when attending the trials of prisoners extradited from Hongkong. Cheung was accused of robbery with violence committed on certain converts of one of the American Missions extradited from Hongkong at the instance of the American Consul. In his case, no British interests were involved beyond the prevention of any risk of torture being applied during the trials.\n\nHonest Batov, 16.1:82,\n\n[That these men should have been sentenced to death without...",
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    {
        "id": 381762,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 475,
        "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "471\n\nI would point out that Liang Yin Fan was recognised by Ho Chick and Liang Pei-am as one of the Perseverance piracy criminals, and that the case of Chon Yin Fan, denounced by Chu-Yon Chang and Liang Shan as having, under pretence of mission hatred, collected a party and robbed the Kuang Hua and Chun Chan Shops, was a separate one.\n\nAlthough in these cases the persons offended against had through their evidence brought the prisoners into Court and were confronted with them, still Liang Xuei, Chong Yin, and Chon Nan all refused to admit the truth of the indictment.\n\nNow, although the fixed law of China contains a provision that when many witnesses give clearly convicting evidence, the trial shall be considered as complete, still in cases of robbery and homicide, it is essential for the prisoner himself to admit his guilt before he can be punished. It is to be feared that although these prisoners have been clearly convicted, they assuredly will not admit the evidence against them without being tortured.\n\nAccording to regulation, it is not proper to apply torture in the interrogation of prisoners extradited from Hongkong, so it is not proper now to do so.\n\nI have the honour to send to Your Excellency copies of the evidence for Your Excellency's information and to ask for decisions.\n\nAs to whether the prisoners Chong Yu and Liang Kuei should or should not be punished according to law, after further satisfactory evidence has been obtained,\n\n(1) and whether Chen Han should or should not be sent to stand his trial at Sinning City on the accusation having been laid there by Chu Ton Chang.\n\nThere are besides Feng Chin Fu and another against whom there is no evidence convicting them of crime. I am sending a man to go speedily to Hanoy and writing to the Tung Kwan Magistrate asking him to make investigations at the shops and residence mentioned in Court by Fang Chin Fu and To Pui, find out their record, and if the investigations are satisfactory, release them separately, and take clemency measure.\n\nHaving no doubt about the case, I have endorsed it with orders for Liang Ya Kuo and Chong Ya Tup, as the witnesses have given convicting evidence showing that they are the criminals guilty of the piracy off the \"Perseverance\", to be treated in accordance with the clause which provides that \"where the body of evidence establishes proof of guilt, the trial is complete\". The Magistrate will then, on data on which punishment is not forbidden, punish the persons Liang Ya Kuo and Chong Ya Tup as regulations provide.\n\nChon Nan alias Liang Ya Chang having been testified against...",
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    {
        "id": 381764,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 477,
        "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "D\n\n念\n\nH, \n\nCOPI..\n\n473\n\n12 B.. Htà. Conzulate-denomal, -Canton, 11th. August;· 1901.\n\nReport of the trial of the pirates of the launch. \"Perseverance\" ·and-of- boi `A. Chang.\n\n· Asting: apon\". Mile Scott's:instructions: I attended yesterday:akkho adjourned trial before the lamhoi. Nagistrate of the `oziminais extradited frem. Hongkong in scansetisu: mith; the \"Perseverance\" piracy: and, of“heli Shengi.\n\n:At:the:\n\n›bittløy<British¬dating ́ Sóocal :ut Samabai nas, present, the four prisoners charged with:the offence:of Pirmey,on: the:Lanach: \"Porseverance” panely bing. Ya. Kuei, Cheng. Ya. In, Fong:Chiu-Fu-and Bock Pu were board is their own defence.\n\n་་\n\nLiang Ya Kuoi deposed that he took passage with-fang, on»ihe ·Lannob *Perseverance\" for lacas/bo:sos:a fellow+-fisherman Obang Ta. Tapɛnho, had gone ta. Kaoso: for:hászhenláb,-Tany/all÷thous kiang; Cheng; andəPong started to return:by:the:\"Perseverance” the 3 sano-days: Then:eft: \"Fong - iso. Tai*: at: about:3. puña: the Ibmachɛwas-pirated,ɗthe pasuongove·vore drizes · dowa:into. She Torshodd po and he : was robbed, ofɑsone-clotben.; Next.\n\n· day he took, passado:by: the: \"Shih ́ko\" passenger-boat for Gunton;› where ́ha shipped, on-board the S2S.} \"Pamen* for Hongkong.\"It : was, on the = \"Rowan*: thatghép, together with: Cheng: mad. Fong:vere: arrested for the pirasy,“\n\nthis, evidenzeg-be:vas: rabbed, af::sonS. 29887\n\nthe imprisoned, paomanĝera: none released by: a/unflow. on: the morning of“ the 4tho-and. She: finoff. of: the: \"Persevamance®: helped:thon-hinuulf and two compantoas_with:several akbers to, prnosed: to: thu: \"Shih-ka\"; further :the Gaphatn (and⋅ sose.of the orew, of: the:\"Perseveranog\" identified, then sin.the Hongkong Saol:and-szomerated them from couplicity in the piracy.\n\nFans Chin: Fa corroboratedɛ the evidence. af÷biang; and Chenga-stated that [the: \"Bernevesanos\";pas/paa:asbone:ah:\"Chin:Fang Thàn1⁄2and‹that-he Babaniderosognise the>Shroff÷who:helped thon,«le:was <kbw>non/of¤the ... owner, of: the: \"Kuangli1⁄2 fishing: bost:and:eas:arrested:because:when Cheng \\\\was'noised,ɛho:case forward:nað”slained:hân:ag:his, Assistant.\n\n- Hosâ Pursaidɛho was :arrastod. on:the:\"Powan”: on: the:obarge of complicity in the piracy: an unknown, person, had: assumed him he did, not know, biang .or Chang,\n\n(adjourned. faz :the:appearance. of; the witnesSQ82^\n\n›abpus:eridones:haring:boon: Sakony/ GRES: WAS\n\nwa? Rafons (Posuming the hearing of: the ease yesterday,\n\nvi hades chest conseruation: with:the:Hagistrato in the course of which be",
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    },
    {
        "id": 381765,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 478,
        "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "3 luterv \n\n474\n\n~ho stated: that the essential thing was to obtain the witnesses' identification of the accused. I concurred in this view and suggested that the accused should, following the course adopted in Hongkong, be confronted with the witnesses in the company of several other convicts.\n\nShould the witnesses then experience no difficulty in identifying them, doubt as to their guilt would be removed.\n\nU was put into affest.\n\nThe Magistrate readily assented to this plan which\n\n—ho Ett, a passenger on 'the \"Perseverance\" was first heard. He repeated the evidence he had previously given in Hongkong regarding the circumstances of the piracy and stated that he could \"recognize one man whose face was marked with smallpox.\"\n\nThe Magistrate (addressing him) told him that he would be confronted with the accused, cautioned him to be careful and make no mistake, as the penalty the accused would suffer would be death.\n\nI considered it advisable to reassure the witness and told him that it was his duty to say whether he really recognized any of the prisoners or not, and that he had no reason to fear speaking the truth, as there would be no stigmatizing consequences to himself in so doing.\n\nThe accused were then brought in, and the witness went direct to Sheng Ya Ingenho (who was among about a dozen other prisoners) and pointed out one of the pirates. He had, he said, no doubt of the man's identity.\n\nChiang Finp@sailor of the \"Perseverance\" was next summoned. His deposition was in Hongkong regarding the circumstances of the piracy, and he declared that he could recognize two of the pirates.\n\nConfronted with the prisoners in court, he, without the least hesitation, singled out Cheng fa In and hang Ya Kaota.\n\nIg_766, coxswain of the \"Perseverance\" gave evidence similar to that which he had previously given in Hongkong, but was unable to recognize any of the accused.\n\nI then addressed the Magistrate and told him that, from the readiness with which the first two witnesses had recognized the prisoner Sheng Ya fu and the other the prisoners Sheng Ya Tu and hing Yu Kuoi, I had no doubt of the guilt of those two non-prisoners and asked what penalty he would impose.\n\nThe Magistrate replied that he considered them perfectly convinced of their guilt and that the punishment should be death.\n\nI thereupon asked for a conviction, which he said he was unable to make until he had obtained a confession of their guilt from the prisoners themselves.\n\nThis he could only do under torture, as they had refused to confess of their own free will.\n\nI replied that the Hongkong Government would, on no account, countenance the torture of the prisoners.\n\nThereupon, he said that his hands were completely tied; \"they were guilty and they ought to be beheaded, but according to Chinese law, the punishment could not be carried out until the prisoners had signed their own confessions.\"",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 382676,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 659,
        "title": "CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "C.O.\n\n654\n\n2380\n\nFrom the Acting Consul General at Canton\n\nJAN 12\n\nTo the Honourable the Colonial Secretary, Hong Kong.\n\nSir,\n\nB.E.M. Consulate General,\n\nCanton, 29th November, 1901.\n\nI have the honour to enclose herewith, for the information of His Excellency the Governor, copy of a despatch and its enclosures which I have addressed to His Majesty's Minister relative to the recent exchange of views between this Consulate General and the Viceroy on the subject of the trial and treatment of prisoners extradited from Hong Kong. It will be observed that the Viceroy has formally stated that the trial and other proceedings in the \"Perseverance\" case shall be taken as forming an established precedent for the conduct of all future cases of prisoners surrendered to the Chinese Authorities under the Extradition Ordinances.\n\nI have etc.,\n\n(Sd.) J. E. Scott.\n\nActing Consul General.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 382677,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 660,
        "title": "CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "No.41.\n\n¿\n\n我\n\n0.0\n\n2380\n\n&\n\n1:00\n\nFrom H.E.V's Acting Consul General, Canton.\n\nTo Sir Ernest Satow, K.C.M.G., H.M.Minister, Peking.\n\n*\n\nH.B.M.Consulate General, Canton, 27th November, 1901.\n\nSir,\n\nWith reference to the treatment of prisoners extradited from Hong Kong and delivered over to the Chinese Authorities to be tried, I have the honour to record the following particulars of the rendition and trial of Lei A Ch'ang and the prisoners in the \"Perseverance\" Piracy Case, and of the subsequent negotiations with the High Provincial Authorities, which I am pleased to be able to report have resulted in the procedure adopted in this case being accepted as a precedent for all future trials.\n\nThe Viceroy of the Liang Kuang applied on 14th May last for the extradition of three men who were imprisoned in Hong Kong. My predecessor, Mr. F.O.G. Scott, H.M.Consul General, in accordance with telegraphic instructions received from you, had already secured the assent of His Excellency the Viceroy to the presence of a British Officer at the trial in Chinese Courts of all such prisoners after their rendition, with the proviso that, if subsequently found to be inconvenient, the practice should be discontinued.\n\nUpon this understanding, His Excellency the Governor of Hong Kong sanctioned the extradition of the prisoners, and they were duly brought to Canton (Santon) and handed over to the Chinese Authorities.\n\nTheir\n\nPage 660\n\nPage 661",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 382678,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 661,
        "title": "CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "Their names were\n\nLei A Ch'and,\n\nCheng Ya Yu,\n\nLiang Kuoi.\n\n655\n\nLei A Ch'and was accused of anti-mission rioting and the other two of complicity in the \"Perseverance\" Piracy.\n\nThe case was heard before the Nam Boi Magistrate, and the first hearing took place on 20th June in the presence of Mr. H. A. Little, Acting Vice-Consul. Five prisoners were brought up, the additional two being Feng Chin Fu and Ho Ya P'u, whose arrest had been secured by the Chinese Authorities some time before the extradition of the other three prisoners from Hong Kong. All refused to admit their guilt, and were remanded for further evidence to be adduced against them.\n\nThe case was again heard on 10th August, and upon production of clear evidence, and on due identification, Lei A Ch'an, Cheng Ya Yu, and Liang Kuei were convicted and were subsequently sentenced under instructions from the Viceroy, the first to a term of imprisonment, and the others to be executed. Mr. H. E. Sly, Consular Assistant, was present at this hearing and at the carrying out of the death sentences, and satisfied himself that the men had not been tortured.\n\nI had subsequently the honour to receive your despatch of 10th October, No. 20, instructing me to make personal representations to the Viceroy with a view to securing His Excellency's concurrence in the permanent adoption of the above temporary arrangement for the treatment of extradited prisoners. Accordingly, I approached the Viceroy at a personal interview and was able to secure His Excellency's assent to the proposal. On my return from\n\nthis",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 382679,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 662,
        "title": "CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "656\n\nthis interview I sent His Excellency a despatch recording the result of our conversation and received, on the 8th instant, in reply, a communication repeating his assurances upon this point. I have the honour to enclose herewith copies and translations of these two notes, from which it will be seen that the Viceroy has assented to the procedure in the \"Perseverance\" Case being accepted in all particulars as a precedent for the trial of all future prisoners extradited from Hongkong.\n\nAs you are aware, the rule that torture is not to be employed by the Chinese Authorities upon prisoners extradited from Hong Kong has been long recognized by the Chinese Authorities at Canton, and it has been the custom for the Viceroy, in applying for extradition of prisoners, to give a written assurance to this effect. I would therefore respectfully suggest that as this stipulation is still in force it is not necessary to secure any renewal thereof. Such assurance and the presence of a Consular Officer at all hearings of such cases, together with the acceptance of the principle that convincing evidence shall of itself justify conviction, i.e. without the confession of the accused form, I venture to think, as good a guarantee as can well be secured that torture shall not be inflicted upon extradited prisoners. These safeguards, together with the additional one of inspection before their execution of any prisoners who may be sentenced to death are all covered by the wording of the Viceroy's despatch of 6th November.\n\nIn conclusion I would venture to express the opinion that the \"Perseverance\" case having been dealt with in this manner, it naturally in accordance with the principle of Chinese Law, becomes a precedent for the conduct of similar cases throughout the Empire, and can always be quoted and maintained as such in all Chinese Courts without further reference to the Central Government.\n\nI have etc.,\n\n(Sd.) James Scott.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 382680,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 663,
        "title": "CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "Enclosure No.1 in Mr. Scott's despatch to R.M. Minister.\n\n657\n\nNo.41 of 27th November, 1901.\n\nPrisoners extradited from Hongkong.\n\nH.B.M. Consulate General,\n\nCanton, 28th October, 1901.\n\nSir,\n\nA 20 JAN 02\n\nI beg to invite Your Excellency's attention to the piracy of the Steam Launch \"Perseverance\" when Lei Ah Ch'ang and other criminals were extradited by the Hong Kong authorities to Canton.\n\nYour Excellency instructed the Nam Hoi Magistrate to hear and try the case in the presence of an officer appointed by H.M. Consul General. No torture whatever was employed; the charge against the accused was heard and determined on the strength of the evidence established in open Court; and certain of the criminals were executed, one imprisoned and one released.\n\nIn recording my appreciation of these proceedings, I now beg to state that I have received instructions from Sir Ernest Satow, H.B.M. Minister in Peking, directing me to place myself in personal communication with Your Excellency, and to arrange that hereafter in respect to criminals extradited to Canton by the Hong Kong authorities, the trial and other proceedings shall all conform to this case. To-day Your Excellency was so good as to receive me; and I take this opportunity to convey my acknowledgment of your concurrence and personal assurances thereto.\n\nI have etc.,\n\n(Sd.) James Scott.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 382681,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 664,
        "title": "CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "Enclosure No.2 in Wr.Scott's despatch No.41 of\n\n27th November, 1901, to H.M. Minister.\n\nSir,\n\nViceroy to Consul General.\n\n0.0\n\n658\n\n2380\n\nR &\n\nReze 20 JAN 02\n\nCanton, 8th November, 1901.\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of the 20th October respecting the \"Perseverance\" Piracy case and the prisoners Lei Ah Ch'ane and others extradited from Hong Kong to Canton. The charge against the accused was heard and determined on the strength of the evidence established in open Court.\n\nIn recording your appreciation of these proceedings you add that you have received instructions from H.B.M. Minister in Peking to place yourself in personal communication with me and arrange that hereafter in respect to criminals extradited to Canton from Hongkong the trial and other proceedings shall all conform to this case.\n\nIn reply I would point out that brigandage is rampant in the Kuang Tung Province, and it constantly occurs that real criminals who have been captured and brought to trial resort to cunning and refuse to confess, in the hope of escaping the consequences of their guilt. Where, however, in a criminal case proofs and witnesses are certain and true, the charge can be dealt with by application of the law whereby the whole evidence being clear and certain, the trial is held completed.\n\nHaving received your despatch under acknowledgment requesting that, hereafter, in the trial of criminals extradited from Hong Kong, all proceedings shall conform to this case, as in duty bound I now have the honour to record my assent to this arrangement, and to add that I have duly instructed my officials accordingly.\n\nI have etc.,\n\n(SEAL OF VICEROY).",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-307 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [10-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 385113,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 353,
        "title": "CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "The marks of your rule must be seen;\n\nOur pen cannot utter its praises.\n\nPage 352\n\nBefore this place knew you it was not lacking in prosperity. Yet property could not be left in the streets unguarded for perverse people were brought up in the ways of petty theft.\n\nElsewhere innocent men were involved in the law's meshes by false charges and theirs was the sorrow wrought by injustice.\n\nBut how could the oppressor enter Hongkong or the thief that breaks through or climbs over a wall.\n\nYou, Sir, looked strictly to conduct in all subordinate officers; and were sure of the right sort of men to carry out your commands. Your wise choice of responsible persons whose characters were like those of Shuk Po kept our highways free from mounted robbers. No sooner was heard the voice of complaint than the act of oppression was stopped.\n\nYou had no need to put on the dread appearance of offended Majesty for without any outward signs men knew your just severity nor was there any distance to which the dread of you did not reach.\n\nIn the times of the Chau, Kwai Hong Wah distressed at the number of thieves in the state. There were no such times in Hongkong for your control like Kung Sui's turned robbers to honest citizens.\n\nBeneficent indeed was this power.\n\nIn the times that preceded your coming the keepers of harlots' houses beguiled innocent females to their ruin without regard to the age of their victims. There was then in vogue a system of brothel farming. Weak and helpless girls in the power of these terrible women were as the grass that is swept by the storm wind or as flowers dropped into the current and borne on the swirling waters they were carried to foreign countries and sold to a life of shame.\n\nYou began to protect the innocent and the defenceless and by means of the Po Leung Kuk peaceful habitations were multiplied.\n\nYou, Sir, had Chau Man Wong's transforming influence that went throughout the Kong Haw so that men and women became models of chaste propriety.\n\nThe licentious assignations of the Tsun and Hai were abolished. In virtuous practices the people daily became stronger.\n\nThis, Sir, was the far-reaching result of your benevolent Government. Finally, it is essential that Government should cultivate talent. Your watchful eye was ever on our schools, love of knowledge was awakened and methods of teaching improved. You, our noble lord, knew how to select and train our ablest youth for the public service; you inspired perseverance in study and when learners are worthy conceit of manner is banished and criticism is still.\n\nThis",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-311 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne - 1902 [5-7].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 385421,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-312 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1902 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 26,
        "title": "CO129-312 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1902 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "Extract from the \"Hongkong Daily Press\" dated July, 1902.\n\nPRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES.\n\nThe ceremony of presenting the various loyal Addresses to His Excellency for transmission to the King was performed in the Ball Room at Government House at half-past four o'clock. To this function the heads of Government Departments, members of Council and the members of the Coronation Committee and their wives had been invited. The presence of so many ladies, therefore, together with the variegated nature of the uniforms worn by the official guests and the wealth of tropical greenery which decorated the chamber, served to make up an imposing spectacle.\n\nHis Excellency Major-General Sir W. J. Gascoigne, K.C.M.G., the Officer Administering the Government, was dressed in full uniform and wore his Decorations and medals on his breast. His Excellency sat at the top of the hall behind a small table on which were laid the Addresses. Those who were to take part in the presentation ceremony stood in front and the others in the rear of the chair, while the ladies were seated on chairs placed round the upper end of the room.\n\nAmong those present were Lady Gascoigne, His Honour W. Meigh Goodman, Chief Justice; Hon. F. H. May, C.M.G., Colonial Secretary; Hon. Sir Henry Spencer Berkeley, K.B., Attorney-General; Hon. W. Chatham, Director of Public Works, Hon. R. Murray Rumsey, R.N., Harbour Master; His Honour A. G. Wise, Puisne Judge; Captain Hon. H. W. Trefusis, A.D.C., Mr. R. F. Johnston, Private Secretary; Hon. F. J. Badeley, Captain Superintendent of Police; Hon. Dr. Ho Kai, C.M.G.; Hon. C. S. Sharp, Hon. Robert Shewan, Hon. C. W. Dickson, Hon. G. W. F. Playfair, Hon. Wei A Yuk, Commander Robinson, Lieut-Colonel Hughes; Rev. E. J. Hardy, Chaplain to H. M. Forces; Right Rev. Bishop Piazzoli and the Rev. Fathers of the R.C. Church; Mr. E. A. Hewett, Hon. Secretary of the Coronation Committee; Mr. F. A. Hazeland, Police Magistrate; Rev. C. H. Hickling, Union Church; Dr. J. M. Atkinson, Principal Civil Medical Officer; Mr. H. N. Mody, Mr. Fung Wa Chun, Mr. Ho Tung; Mr. R. C. Wilcox, Mr. D. E. Brown, Mr. T. R. heid, Mr. E. H. Sharp; Mr. J. W. Norton Kyshe, Registrar; Mr. W. Poate, Captain Pritchard, H.K.V.C.; Mr. Ho Fook; Mr. C. Molony Messer, Acting Registrar-General; Captain Percy Scott, C.B.; Mr. A. G. Romano, Consul-General for Portugal; Mr. A. J. Raymond, Mr. E. Gompertz, Mr. P. P. J. Wodehouse, Mr. Mowbray S. Northcote, Mr. Gershom Stewart, Dr. G. M. Harston, Mr. F. Maitland, Mr. J. Leiria, and many Naval and Military officers.\n\nThe Masonic deputation, dressed in full regalia, was headed by Mr. E. C. Ray, Deputy District Grand Master, and consisted of Messrs. L. Mallory, E. Ormiston, H. W. Heuermann, G. L. Tomlin, Dr. F. W. Clark, Messrs. G. Piercy, F. W. Edwards, G. J. B. Sayer, A. O'D. Gourdin, W. J. Tutcher and F. D. Goddard, District Grand Lodge; J. Bryan, E. Brotherton Harker, Zetland; G. J. Edwards, E. H. Kay, C. W. Longue, Victoria; W. H. Wickham, A. G. Ward, Perseverance; G. G. Burnett, H. W. Wolfe, United Service; J. A. Tarrant, H. Jewitt, W. M. Everall, St. John's; and P. C. Hyett, Naval and Military.\n\nThe company having assembled and taken their places, His Excellency indicated that he was now ready to receive the Addresses.\n\nHis Honour W. Meigh Goodman stepped forward and said—Your Excellency,—Before reading and presenting to Your Excellency an Address to His Majesty the King, from the people of Hongkong, I would crave permission to make some few preliminary observations. As Your Excellency is aware, the date originally fixed for the Coronation of Their Majesties was the 26th June last. It was for that occasion that the Address was intended: and it was written, illuminated, signed by considerably more than a thousand persons, its cover of gold and velvet was designed and completed, and it was all in readiness before the sad tidings that His Majesty's illness necessitated the postponement of the Coronation, reached this Colony.\n\nIn these circumstances, it was thought better, and I believe Your Excellency quite concurred in that view, that the Address should still be presented. We know the keen, personal interest taken by His Majesty in every part of the British Dominions, even in those portions the furthest removed from the mother land; and it may well be that the respectful expression of loyalty and devotion to the King and the Royal family, embodied in the Address, may be as much appreciated by His Majesty during, let us hope, his period of convalescence, as if those expressions had been received by him some weeks after the Coronation had actually taken place.\n\nThere has never been a Coronation of any British Monarch since Hongkong became a Colony. The glorious reign of Her late revered Majesty, the longest known in British history, extended over such a lengthened period, that when the mournful message of her demise was flashed to us across the seas, we could, at first, hardly realise that Victoria the Good was no more. The very keystone of the arch of the British Empire seemed to have been taken away. In such a crisis we can but faintly understand the enormous burden of responsibility that fell upon the shoulders of His present Majesty.\n\nWho could fill her place? Who but that eldest son, who for so long had stood beside her as the years increased, had helped to sustain her, had seen her enrage, had watched her noble life, and her love for her people, could have worthily occupied the glorious Throne she had vacated? How valuable his life! Some thirty years ago there was a public thanksgiving at St. Paul's Cathedral for his deliverance from a terrible illness. Let us hope that, ere long, there may be another similar thanksgiving for his second deliverance, and for health and strength restored.\n\nWhen Her late Majesty ascended the Throne, her heritage was doubtless both great and noble; but, when we compare the British Empire of to-day with that which existed at the accession of Queen Victoria, we can realise more fully how vastly that Empire and the responsibilities of its Sovereign have increased during the interval. Colonies not born when Victoria ascended the Throne have now attained to vigorous manhood, and are joining their prayers with ours for His Majesty's speedy recovery.\n\nKing Edward VII is not only King\n\nPage 25",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-312 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1902 [7-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 386678,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "page_number": 133,
        "title": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "content_text": "132\n\nThe 'Perseverance' case shall be taken as forming a precedent for all future cases of extradited prisoners.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\n(Signed) James Scott, Acting Consul General.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902.txt",
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    {
        "id": 386679,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "page_number": 134,
        "title": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "content_text": "# No. 41.\n\nSir:- \n\n133 \n\n**HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S CONSULATE GENERAL, CANTON.**\n\nNovember 27th, 1901.\n\nWith reference to the question of the treatment of prisoners extradited from Hongkong and delivered over to the Chinese Authorities to be tried, I have the honour to record the following particulars of the rendition and trial of Leung A Ch'ang and the prisoners in the \"Perseverance\" Piracy Case, and of the subsequent negotiations with the High Provincial Authorities, which I am pleased to be able to report, have resulted in the procedure adopted in this case being accepted as a precedent for all future trials.\n\nThe Viceroy of the Liang Kuang applied on 14th May last for the extradition of three men who were imprisoned in Hongkong. My predecessor, Mr. B.C.G. Scott, His Majesty's Consul General, in accordance with instructions from Sir Ernest Satow, K.C.M.G., &c., &c., &c.,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 386680,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "page_number": 135,
        "title": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "content_text": "134\n\nwith telegraphic instructions received from you, had already secured the assent of His Excellency the Viceroy to the presence of a British Officer at the trial in Chinese Courts of all such prisoners after their rendition, with the proviso that, if subsequently found to be inconvenient, the practice should be discontinued.\n\nUpon this understanding His Excellency the Governor of Hongkong sanctioned the extradition of the prisoners, and they were duly brought to Canton and handed over to the Chinese Authorities.\n\nTheir names were:\nLei A Chang,\nCheng Ya Yu,\nLiang Kuei.\n\nLei A Ch'ang was accused of anti-mission rioting, and the other two of complicity in the Perseverance Piracy.\n\nThe case was heard before the Nam Hoi Magistrate, and the first hearing took place on 20th June in the presence of Mr. H. A. Little, Acting Vice Consul. Five prisoners were brought up, the additional two being Feng Chin Fu and Ho Ya P'u whose arrest had been secured by the Chinese Authorities some time before the extradition of the other three prisoners from Hongkong. All refused to admit their guilt, and were remanded for further evidence to be adduced against them.\n\nThe case was again heard on 10th August, and upon production of clear evidence and on due identification, Lei A Chang, Cheng Ya Yu, and Liang Kuei were convicted and were subsequently sentenced under instructions from the Viceroy, the first to a term of imprisonment, and the others to be executed. \n\nH. E. Sly, Consular Assistant, was present at this hearing and at the carrying out of the death sentences, and satisfied himself that the men had not been tortured.\n\nI had subsequently the honour to receive your despatch of 10th October, No. 20, instructing me to ... \nmake",
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    {
        "id": 386681,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "page_number": 136,
        "title": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "content_text": "135 \n\nmake personal representations to the Viceroy with a \nview to securing His Excellency's concurrence in the \npermanent adoption of the above temporary arrangement \nfor the treatment of extradited prisoners. \n\nAccordingly I approached the Viceroy at a personal interview and was able to secure His Excellency's assent to the proposal. On my return from this interview I sent His Excellency's despatch recording the result of our conversation and received, on the 8th instant, in reply, a communication repeating his assurances upon this point. I have the honour to enclose herewith copies and translations of these two notes, from which it will be seen that the Viceroy has assented to the procedure in the \"Perseverance\" Case being accepted in all particulars as a precedent for the trial of all future prisoners extradited from Hongkong. \n\nAs you are aware, the rule that torture is not to be employed by the Chinese Authorities upon prisoners extradited from Hongkong has been long recognized by the Provincial Authorities at Canton, and it has been the custom for the Viceroy, in applying for extradition of prisoners, to give a written assurance to this effect. I would therefore respectfully suggest that as this stipulation is still in force, it is not necessary to secure any renewal thereof. Such assurance and the presence of a Consular Officer at all hearings of such cases, together with the acceptance of the principle that convincing evidence shall of itself justify conviction, i.e., without the confession of the accused, form, I venture to think, as good a guarantee as can well be secured that torture shall not be inflicted upon extradited prisoners. \n\nThese safeguards, together with the additional one of inspection before their executions of any prisoners who may be sentenced to death are all covered by the wording of the Viceroy's despatch of 8th November. \n\nIn conclusion, I would venture to express the opinion that the \"Perseverance\" Case, having been dealt...",
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    {
        "id": 386682,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "page_number": 137,
        "title": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "content_text": "## 1302 \n**RECO** \n& - \n136 \n**REG 10 JAN 02** \n\ndealt with in this manner, it naturally in accordance with the principle of Chinese Law, becomes a precedent for the conduct of similar cases throughout the Empire, and can always be quoted and maintained as such in all Chinese Courts without further reference to the Central Government.\n\n(Signed)  \nhave, &c.,  \nJames Scott.  \nActing Consul-General.\n\nCopy.\n\nSir: -  \n**HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S CONSULATE GENERAL, CANTON,**  \nOctober 26th, 1901.\n\nI beg to invite Your Excellency's attention to the piracy of the steam launch \"Perseverance\", when Lei Ah Chang and other criminals were extradited by the Hongkong Authorities to Canton.\n\nYour Excellency instructed the Nan Hoi Magistrate to hear and try the case in the presence of an Officer appointed by His Majesty's Consul-General. No torture whatever was employed; the charge against the accused was heard and determined on the strength of the evidence established in open Court. A certain number of the criminals being executed, one imprisoned and one released.\n\nIn recording my appreciation of these proceedings, I now beg to state that I have received Instructions from Sir Ernest Satow, His Britannic Majesty's Minister in Peking, directing me to place myself in personal communication with Your Excellency and arrange ...\n\n**The Viceroy of the Two Kuang Provinces.**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 386684,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "page_number": 139,
        "title": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "content_text": "## \n\nC.O. 138/1302 & CANTON, RE 10 JAN 021 \n\n8th November, 1901.\n\nSir:-\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of the 26th October respecting the \"Perseverance\" Piracy Case, and the prisoners Lei Ah Ch'ang and others extradited from Hong Kong to Canton.\n\nThe charge against the accused was heard and determined on the strength of the evidence established in open Court.\n\nIn recording your appreciation of these proceedings you add that you have received instructions from His Britannic Majesty's Minister in Peking to place yourself in personal communication with me and arrange that hereafter in respect to criminals extradited to Canton from Hongkong the trial and other proceedings shall all conform to this case.\n\nIn reply I would point out that brigandage is rampant\n\nJames Scott, Esq.,  \n&c., &c.,  \nCanton.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 386794,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "page_number": 249,
        "title": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "content_text": "247 \n\nfrom that gentleman reporting the satisfactory conclusion of an arrangement. \n\nA copy of this despatch (`No. 41`) dated Canton, November 27th, will have already reached Your Lordship direct. \n\nI concur with the opinion expressed by Mr. Scott in the concluding paragraph of that despatch that the case of the \"Perseverance\" reported by him having been dealt with in the desired manner it naturally, in accordance with the principle of Chinese Law, becomes a precedent for the conduct of similar cases throughout the Empire, and can always be quoted and maintained as such in all Chinese Courts without further reference to the Central Government. \n\nWith reference to Your Lordship's further despatch `No. 198` of August 19th, enclosing a letter from the Colonial Office stating that Major-General Dorward would be instructed to try to arrange with the Chinese Governor that in every case where a criminal has been given up to the Chinese Authorities a British Officer shall be present at the trial to ensure that torture is not inflicted, I have the honour to report, that I saw Major-General Dorward at Wei-hai-wei on October 29th, and learnt from him that he had already made satisfactory arrangements to this end with the Governor of Shantung. I have the honour to enclose copies of correspondence between the British Commissioner and the Governor of Shantung in which it is recorded. \n\nAs Hongkong and Wei-hai-wei are the only places in British Territory from which Chinese criminals are surrendered to Chinese territory, and as satisfactory arrangements have now been made for both, I submit that it is unnecessary as long as these are faithfully adhered to by the local Chinese Authorities, for me to bring the question before the Central Government. \n\nI have, &c., \n(Signed) \n**Ernest Satow**",
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    {
        "id": 386891,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "page_number": 346,
        "title": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "content_text": "## 3. A list of places at which launches are to anchor has been drawn up and submitted for approval to the Viceroy.\n\n4. The officers and men of the guard-boats are to be selected with particular care, and each man of the force must be guaranteed by people of good repute.\n\n5. The guard-launches at their various stations will in future, whenever a launch passes, signal to it to stop for inspection. If she still proceeds without heeding the signal they are to pursue her. If robbers are found on board they are to be handed over for trial and punishment to the nearest authority. If there are no robbers on board, and if the master has simply and deliberately refused to stop for inspection, note must be taken of the number and name of the launch, and report will be made to the Chief Police Office with a view to the infliction of a fine.\n\n6. Guard launches are being posted at all important points for the special purpose of exercising supervision over launches. The latter must in future proceed by direct and regular routes to their destination. If they follow by-routes or anchor at places where there is no guard-boat, and are plundered in consequence, the master (\"ch'uan chu\") will be responsible for compensation. In any case, he will be liable to fine.\n\n7. A system of patrol has already been devised, but having been now some time in force, it has proved unsuccessful. The officers concerned are now being called upon to consult together and devise some more satisfactory plan.\n\n## Visit of the Kao Lien-ch'in Taotai.\n\nCh'in Ping Chih, the newly-appointed Taotai of the Kao-Lien-Ch'in circuit (south-east Kuang-tung), which includes the Treaty port of Pakhoi, paid a visit to His Majesty's Consul-General before starting for his new post. Mr. Kung, the Viceroy's Secretary, stated that this officer had received special instructions with reference to the preservation of order, not to make his permanent residence in any one place, but to visit all parts of his jurisdiction in turn. He has been intrusted with a special force of 2,000 armed men and two armed launches, and has authority, should emergency arise, to employ any of the marine or land forces which may be within call.\n\n## Arrest of Prisoners on British Ships.\n\nThe Viceroy, upon the representation of certain military and police officers, has applied to His Majesty's Consul-General for permission to allow detectives and police officers to travel on board British steamers coming from Hong Kong to Canton, with a view to arresting in the ship, and before they can escape in the throng of landing passengers, or by jumping over the side, any criminals whom they may detect on board. It was pointed out that assent could not be given to any request of the kind, as such procedure would be altogether contrary to the privileges belonging to British ships.\n\n## \n\nDuring the past quarter, two persons accused of robbery with violence have been arrested in Hong Kong at the instance of the Chinese authorities, and they will probably within a few days be sent up under the Extradition Ordinances to Canton for trial and punishment, when the procedure established in the \"Perseverance\" piracy case will be adopted.\n\n## Local Taxation and Provincial Finance.\n\nA Board has lately been established in Canton by the Viceroy for the purpose of devising sources of revenue. It is called the Ch'ou Hsiang Chu, and the personnel is the same as that of the Shan Hou Chu—viz., the Treasurer, Judge, Salt Commissioner, Grain Intendant Taotai, and the chief local civil authorities of Canton. The following schemes, among others, have resulted from their consultations:\n\n| Scheme | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Li-kin on native opium | to be raised from 18-20 taels to 23-66 taels per picul |\n| Li-kin on tea, tobacco, and sugar | to be increased by 30 per cent |\n\nThe above has been approved, and the public have been notified by the head Li-kin Office by Proclamation.\n\n## Tax on prepared opium.\n\nParticulars of this tax were given in No. 25, General.\n\n## Tax on distilleries: \nWine distillers to pay 24 taels per annum on each still in their factories, with an additional charge of 2 taels for intercalary months.\n\nThis scheme was duly sanctioned by the Viceroy, and came into force in the first month of the present Chinese year.\n\nAt the beginning of January, the Hoppo called for a Return, showing the estimated increase or decrease in revenue on foreign imports which had resulted from the change of Tariff on the 11th November, reckoning up to the 31st December. The result showed an increase of 8,440 Haikuan taels over the estimated revenue for imports on the old basis.\n\n## Indemnity Matters (Confidential).\n\nThe following is a translation of a telegram received on the 3rd March by the Viceroy from the Grand Council (\"Chün Chi Chu\") on the subject of provincial contributions for the service of the indemnity:\n\n### Imperial Decree.\n\n\"Memorial received some time ago from Liu Kun Yi and others referred to the immense amount of the indemnity and the difficulty of raising funds to meet the instalments. They pointed out, however, that the increase of the tax on foreign goods to an effective 5 per cent. and the tax on foreign wines and provisions, in addition to the Native Customs revenues now passing through the Imperial Maritime Customs, will make, in all, an increase of about 4,500,000 taels. They add to this 1,000,000 taels on account of grain supply commuted for money payments, making, in all, 5,500,000 taels, which, they point out, represents about three-tenths of the total amount proposed by the Board of Revenue, and sanctioned by the Throne, as annual indemnity contributions from the provinces. Memorialists proposed, therefore, that these contributions should be reduced by 30 per cent.\"\n\nThis proposal was sanctioned at the time because it seemed likely that the funds raised during the half year would be sufficient for the service of the indemnity.\n\nPrince Ching (I Kuang) and others have memorialized, stating that the monthly contributions, as originally arranged for, must be paid in full, and that the proposed reduction by 30 per cent. cannot be allowed. The Tartar Generals, Viceroys, and Governors will, therefore, see to the provision of the sums originally decided upon by the Board as the contributions from their respective provinces, and make monthly remittances to the Shanghae Taotai, to be handed over to the banks in payment of the indemnity.\n\nAt the end of the year, when the foreign and Native Customs collections have been completed and the benefit of the grain tax contribution has been realized, it can then be seen whether the additional sums thus derived are equal to the amount of the proposed reduction, and if so, or if it is more than equal to that amount, then the proposed reduction can be made. This will avoid the danger of delay in payments due.\n\nJui Lu, Supervising Censor and Taotai in Chekiang, has memorialized proposing: (1) a tax on all shops throughout the provinces; and (2) a tax on prepared opium. The chief arguments which he brings forward in support of his schemes are:\n\n1. The salt revenue and Native Customs having been given as security for the indemnity loan, the provincial revenues will be so decreased as to be insufficient to meet the ordinary yearly expenses of administration, while anything like improvements and reform will be out of the question.\n\n2. A tax could be levied upon the shops of well-to-do merchants without inflicting any great hardship upon them. The tax could be levied in proportion to the capital and value of the shops. The Province of Chih-li, lately overrun by troops, could be exempt temporarily.\n\n3. The evil inflicted by foreign opium on China is great, and the check upon this is taxation. Even a heavy charge upon this article would not be in the nature of an injustice. Taxation on import would be extremely difficult to arrange, and if a tax on native opium be proposed, that would only extend the sale of foreign opium. The only plan, then, is to make a charge upon prepared opium.\n\n4. Memorialist hears that some such scheme has already been put into practice in Kiangsu and Hupei, and with great success as regards amounts collected. He begs, therefore, that the Board of Revenue be instructed to find out what system has been adopted there and whether it cannot be applied generally throughout the provinces.\n\nThe Report of the Board of Revenue upon this Memorial recommends the adoption of the proposal for a shop tax. With regard to a tax on prepared opium, they say...",
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    {
        "id": 386934,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "content_text": "# No.52.\n\nMy Lord:-\n\n385\n\n**HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S CONSULATE GENERAL, CANTON.**\n\n30412\nMay 31st, 1902.\n75 !\n\nI have the honour to forward herewith copy of a Report by Mr. H. E. Sly, Consular Assistant at this Port, on the trial and execution of Kuan Kuei Hung and LA Ch'ang, two extradited criminals from Hongkong.\n\nYour Lordship will observe from this Report that the procedure agreed upon for all such cases, as a result of the trial of the \"Perseverance\" pirates, has been loyally adhered to by the Chinese Authorities.\n\nA copy of Mr. Sly's Report has been sent to His Majesty's Minister and to the Officer Administering the Government in Hongkong.\n\n(Signed)\nI have &c.,\nJames Scott.\nHis Majesty's Acting Consul-General.\n\nThe Marquess of Lansdowne, K.G.,\n&c., &c., &c.",
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    {
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        "document_key": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "page_number": 392,
        "title": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "content_text": "388 \n\nprocedure whereby his own confession was necessary to his punishment did not obtain. The magistrate did not conceal his satisfaction at having at last secured their arrest. I would call special attention to a remark made by this official at the trial of the two prisoners. Their admission of so many crimes made the production of evidence unnecessary. It transpired, however, in the case of Kuan Kuei Hung that he denied having taken part in the piracy of the Chên Ch'uan Kuan San licensed passenger boat, one of the two charges upon which his extradition had been granted. On receiving his denial, the Magistrate informed him that according to Hongkong law he could be punished for his crime on the strength of the evidence, and that his own confession was therefore unnecessary.\n\nThis statement of the Namhoi Magistrate's in open Court was so thorough an acceptance of the principle insisted upon as a result of the 'Perseverance' case that I at once addressed the prisoner in the same sense and explained to him that, having been extradited from Hongkong, the ordinary procedure whereby his own confession was necessary to his punishment did not obtain. The Magistrate, however, still appeared anxious to secure Kuan Kuei Hung's admission to this particular offence; but, on my informing him that I was quite satisfied with his confession to the second charge upon which he had been extradited and to so many other crimes, he allowed the matter to drop.\n\nOn the 7th instant I again attended the Magistrate's Yamên, when the charges against the prisoners which they had admitted at the first hearing were read over to them in the presence of the Viceroy's Deputy. They both admitted their guilt and were sentenced to decapitation. The sentence was carried out on the 28th instant in the presence of the Namhoi Magistrate and myself. Both criminals were strong and healthy and free from the influence of drugs. I am satisfied that no attempt at torture was made.\n\nThis is the first trial of extradition prisoners since His Excellency the Viceroy consented to adopt, in ...",
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        "id": 386938,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "page_number": 393,
        "title": "CO129-314 - Public Offices - 1902",
        "content_text": "in all future cases of extradition, the principle laid down in the case of the \"Perseverance\" pirates. \n\nI found the Namhoi Magistrate entirely willing to abide by the new rule and anxious to facilitate the conduct of the case. \n\nI have &c., \n(Signed) \nH. E. Sly. \n\n\n## HỒNG TÙNG \n### No. 31896 \n**(Subject.)** \nOffice or Individual, Foreign 1902 French Activity **DOMESTIC.** \n389 C.O. \n31898 la L. Chena. \n**Last previous Paper.** 5913 \n**Put by** \ncopy desp from Contin sporting further aat Feuch attein fut Ca Fai wear thacas: Mr. Lucas the Vicery acquire land al. \n**(Minutes.)** \nI hope F.D. will backup Put hi A.F GWJ 5/8 C.PL-5 at once 4/8 RB & 1, (78)—19850---20000-12-01 \n**Next subsequent Paper.** 20 33341 Secret",
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    {
        "id": 390537,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-320 - Governor Sir Blake Acting Governor May - 1903 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 90,
        "title": "CO129-320 - Governor Sir Blake Acting Governor May - 1903 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "## exer \n\nCoctect from Saily Press of the 20th brouter 22 towards solving the question of the supply of fresh meat to Hongkong. Near the town of Un-long I found on my first visit a settlement of about 25 lepers, who were compelled to live in the middle of an extensive swamp, on a slight elevation approached by a rough causeway, and here almost under water in rainy weather. These afflicted people had built, of pieces of board, miserable shanties that afforded no protection from rain or the chill winter winds. Here they huddled together at night, while by day they approached the villages where, though not permitted to enter the houses, they were charitably supplied with food. Hard by was an unoccupied hill with a well at its base. A sufficient area was walled off, enclosing the well, and small houses have been erected by the Public Works department, that afford shelter from cold and rain. The lepers still obtain their food from the neighbours, or from their families, and the segregation is practically as effective as in more pretentious and expensive establishments, while the victims of this terrible disease have not perpetual imprisonment added to the miseries of their most miserable lives.\n\nAt Tai po, the headquarters of the New Territory establishment, a Chinese qualified medical practitioner has been stationed, whose services have been freely availed of by the inhabitants, and who is the public vaccinator of the district. The question of Education has been carefully considered. A school is about to be established at Un-long where English will be taught, and the provisions of the Education Code are being extended to the Vernacular Schools of the various districts.\n\nI have recapitulated the general lines of policy in the New Territory, as on their soundness will depend the success or failure of this assimilation with the Colony of a large agricultural population with a reputation for turbulence; suspicious of foreigners, and with a rooted objection to any interference with their settled habits or customs. It is yet too soon to judge of the results, but so far they are promising. The number of crimes reported in the year 1900 was 589, and this year 257, which is equal for the entire year to 342. Within the same period we have been able to reduce the police force from 171 to 104. Thanks to the firmness, fairness, and tact of the public officers immediately dealing with the people, confidence has been established, and the inhabitants have learnt to appreciate the benefits of the honest performance of official duties, and freedom from that official rapacity so prevalent under the Chinese system.\n\nOf this there was gratifying evidence in 1901 during the serious disturbance in the district adjoining the New Territory when the people who, two years before, had faced our troops with arms in their hands, sent a deputation of elders to request that I would send out to the frontier a small military force to prevent the entrance of disturbers of the peace, with whom they were no longer in sympathy, desiring to pursue their avocations with the quiet and security to which, as British subjects, they had become accustomed.\n\nBut in laying the foundations for the development of the New Territory, the great possibilities of which have yet to be fully realized, we must not forget the rapid growth of Hongkong and its shipping trade. \n\n| Year | Population | Assessed Value | Shipping (tons) | Revenue |\n|------|------------|---------------|---------------|----------|\n| 1898 | 254,400    | $54,511,947   | 17,265,780    | $2,834,840 |\n| 1903 | 433,660    | $8,749,643    | 23,027,455    | $4,583,295 (est.) |\n\nIn 1904, the revenue is estimated at $6,208,808, thanks to the largely increased tender for the Opium farm. In whatever direction we turn, we find a Colony instinct with boundless activity. The reclamation of Western Praya is completed. Its Eastern Praya reclamation is only delayed by demands by the Admiralty and War Office at home that this Government considers unreasonable and hopes to have modified. All around the Kowloon Peninsula, great schemes of reclamation are in progress. At Quarry Bay, a graving dock is being constructed by Messrs. Butterfield and Swire, that will be capable of docking the largest ships afloat; while another dock is being constructed by the Naval Authorities in the very heart of the City.\n\nI wish that I could congratulate you upon the latter, but, however we may deplore the injury to the city by the severance of its continuity by the Naval Dockyard, we must not forget that no protest was made by the Colony until after the work of construction had advanced considerably and a large amount of money had been spent. The Admiralty are prepared to hand over the dockyard to the Colony, but on conditions so onerous that even by this wealthy community they could not be accepted. Still, the expenditure of some thirty millions of dollars in the execution of the works on the Naval Extension and Quarry Bay docks cannot fail to increase the prosperity of the Colony.\n\nNor has the Government been remiss in Public Works. During the term of my administration, $2,741,579 have been expended on Public Works Extraordinary. The reservoir at Wong-nei-chong, of a capacity 33,000,000 gallons, has been completed, and the reservoir and gravitation scheme for Kowloon is being carried out at an estimated expense of $835,000. The initial works are in progress for the new Reservoir at Tytam Tuk, to hold 1,200,000,000 gallons. Blake Pier has been built, and the foundations of the Law Courts have been completed, and the superstructure of which the foundation stone was laid by me on the 12th instant.\n\nThe foundations of the large new market at Western have been completed, and the superstructure of the latter building has been begun, while a contract for that of the former has been let, and for the new harbour office. A site has been acquired for the new post office, and plans for it have been prepared and approved, and a contract for the foundations has been let. These important buildings will be pushed forward without delay.\n\nBut the absorbing question that has exercised the minds of the community to a greater extent than all others is that of sanitation. This question has been debated year by year as in each recurring year plague claimed its victims by hundreds, and malaria scourged the community. In May, 1902, the visit to the Colony of Professor Simpson and Mr. Osbert Chadwick, C.M.G., resulted in valuable reports on defective construction of Chinese houses, and in pursuance of their recommendations, a consolidated Public Health Ordinance has been passed, under the provisions of which the houses of the future will be of a more sanitary type, and surface overcrowding that is found in the Chinese part of the City of Victoria will be no longer possible.\n\nAn able bacteriologist has been added to the permanent staff, for whom a suitable laboratory is being built, and from his original researches valuable results have already been obtained, and still more important discoveries may be expected in the future. So far, it cannot be said that we have been more successful here than in other countries in discovering the causes or checking the ravages of plague, but investigation and experiments made during the epidemic of this year afford a hope that next year may see a step in advance in prevention, and treatment, should, unhappily, the plague again develop in epidemic form.\n\nIn the treatment of Malaria, we have profited by the light thrown upon its causation by the experiments of Celli, Ross, and other investigators, and systematic arrangements have been made to control the nullahs and pools in which the anopheles mosquito has hitherto bred along the face of the hills that dominate the city. Over $93,000 have been expended already in this work, with the result that while in 1902, 8,795 cases were admitted to various civil and military hospitals, the number of cases reported this year to the present date is 2,408.\n\nIt is to be hoped that with perseverance and thoroughness in the destruction of the anopheles mosquito, this danger to the community will ultimately be removed. To more effectually carry out the recommendations of the two experts to whose reports I have alluded, it has been decided to recommend the formation of a body of Trustees at whose disposal funds will be placed for the necessary operation of remodelling this overcrowded city.\n\nPage 90\nPage 91",
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    {
        "id": 391076,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "page_number": 37,
        "title": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "content_text": "CHINA TRADE.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\nNo. 1.\n\n[February 6.] 34\n\nC. O. SECTION 1,\n\n6432\n\n0\n\n4 MAR CO,\n\n(No. 31.) Sir,\n\nThe Marquess of Lansdowne to Mr. Townley.\n\nForeign Office, February 6, 1903.\n\nI TRANSMIT to you a copy of a letter from Sir J. Mackay, late His Majesty's Special Commissioner in China, containing his concluding observations on the Mission intrusted to him for the revision of the Treaty of Commerce, signed at Tien-tsin on the 26th June, 1858, and for the adoption of a Customs Tariff framed in accordance with Articles 6 and 11 of the Final Protocol of Peking of the 5th September, 1901.\n\nI have had much pleasure in noting Sir J. Mackay's acknowledgments of the assistance, information, and advice which he received from Sir Ernest Satow during the course of the negotiations.\n\nSir J. Mackay also acknowledges his indebtedness to Mr. J. W. Jamieson, Commercial Attaché to His Majesty's Legation, and states that his thanks are due to Sir P. Warren, His Majesty's Consul-General at Shanghae, to Mr. Fraser, His Majesty's Consul-General at Hankow, to Mr. J. Scott, His Majesty's Consul-General at Canton, to Mr. Sundius, His Majesty's Consul at Nanking, and to Mr. Wilkinson, Acting British Consul at Nanking.\n\nI request that you will inform these gentlemen that my attention has been called by Sir J. Mackay to their services, and that you will convey to them the expression of my approval.\n\nSir J. Mackay has further brought to my notice the valuable assistance which he received from Mr. Bland, \"Times\" correspondent at Shanghae, and from Mr. G. Jamieson and Mr. A. F. Currie of the Peking Syndicate.\n\nYou should convey to these gentlemen my warm appreciation of their friendly co-operation and my thanks for their services.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nLANSDOWNE.\n\nNo. 2.\n\nSir,\n\nThe Marquess of Lansdowne to Sir J. Mackay.\n\nForeign Office, February 6, 1903.\n\nI HAVE received your communication of the 16th ultimo, containing a final Report on the negotiations intrusted to you as His Majesty's Special Commissioner, for the revision of the Treaty of Commerce, signed at Tien-tsin on the 26th June, 1858, and for the adoption of a Customs Tariff, framed in accordance with Articles 6 and 11 of the Final Protocol of Peking of the 5th September, 1901.\n\nI have to convey to you the thanks of His Majesty's Government for your conduct of the difficult and protracted negotiations which have resulted in the conclusion of a Treaty favourable to British interests, as well as advantageous to China.\n\nHis Majesty's Government fully realize the numerous obstacles against which you had to contend in reconciling conflicting interests before any Agreement could be arrived at, and they highly appreciate the ability, tact, and perseverance shown by you throughout the discussions.\n\nI have had pleasure in communicating your Report to Mr. H. Cockburn, C.B., and Mr. C. J. Dudgeon, with an expression of my appreciation of the assistance which they rendered to you.\n\nCopies of my letters to Mr. Cockburn and Mr. Dudgeon are inclosed for your information.\n\nI request that you will convey to Mr. C. Somers Cocks, and to Mr. W. H. Clark, my entire approval of the manner in which they have performed their duties as Secretaries to the Commission.\n\n[1810-1]",
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    {
        "id": 391139,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "page_number": 100,
        "title": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "content_text": "SOUTH-WEST CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\nNo. 1.\n\n[May 9.]\n\nSECTION 1.\n\n96\n\nMr. Townley to the Marquess of Lansdowne.-(Received May 9.)\n\n(No. 115.) My Lord,\n\nPeking, March 24, 1903.\n\nI HAVE the honour to transmit to your Lordship herewith copy of an interesting Report upon the affairs of the Province of Szechuan, furnished to me by His Majesty's Consul-General at Chengtu.\n\nIt is unnecessary for me to dwell upon the incidents reported by Mr. Hosie, until we come to the penultimate paragraph dealing with mining Agreements secured by the Yang-tsze Valley Syndicate, about which your Lordship may like to have some information.\n\nThe negotiations which have resulted in the signature of the two Agreements referred to by Mr. Hosie have been going on for a very considerable time, and are connected with events which occurred before the troubles of 1900. Before his departure from Peking on leave of absence, Sir E. Satow instructed Mr. Wilton, then Acting Consul at Chungking, to proceed to the provincial capital and render Mr. Little, the local agent of the Syndicate, such assistance as he properly could in furtherance of his efforts to secure the settlement of the questions at issue between the Syndicate and the local authorities. These were two in number, namely, (1) a final settlement of the conditions under which a Petroleum Concession, previously granted to the Syndicate, should be carried out, and (2) the execution of an Agreement made in the early part of 1900 between the agents of the Syndicate and the local authorities for the working of a mine known as the Maha Gold Mine, or the grant of a satisfactory equivalent. The provincial authorities have consistently repudiated this Agreement on the ground that the Chinese official who signed it had no authority to do so.\n\nMr. Wilton remained at Chengtu for two months, patiently and diligently supporting the British interests concerned. I at the same time made frequent representations to the Foreign Board here, and urged them to instruct the Viceroy to settle the long-pending question in an equitable manner. I am not aware as yet of the full contents of the Agreements, but I do not think that any objection can be made to their prompt ratification here, since I was frequently assured, in answer to my representations, that the Viceroy had a free hand, and had been instructed by the Board to make such an arrangement as he might consider advisable. The signature of the Agreements finally took place within a few days of my informing the Wai-wu Pu that if a satisfactory arrangement was not come to at once, I should have to demand that the negotiations be transferred to Peking. To this communication the Board replied that the local authorities were better able to conclude the arrangement. It will, therefore, be difficult for them to hesitate to ratify the Agreements.\n\nUpon the receipt of copies of the Agreements, I shall have the honour to furnish your Lordship with some account of the course of the negotiations, but meanwhile, I have much pleasure in expressing my entire concurrence with Mr. Hosie's opinion that their satisfactory issue was largely due to Mr. Wilton's perseverance and ability.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nInclosure in No. 1.\n\nWALTER TOWNLEY.\n\n(No. 2.) Sir,\n\nConsul-General Hosie to Mr. Townley.\n\nChengtu, February 21, 1903.\n\nI HAVE the honour to report on the present position of affairs in the Province of Szechuan.\n\nThe Boxer troubles of last year were brought to a speedy end by the arrival and energy of the present Acting Viceroy. The Boxer element was, however, inconsiderable; but, such as it was, it drew to itself many of the evil-disposed characters who exist in many provinces of China, and whose sole object is to plunder during disorder. Blackmail was levied by these bands, but the demands were so often repeated that the\n\n(1992 7-1)",
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    {
        "id": 391141,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "page_number": 102,
        "title": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "content_text": "Athe-time for commencing work under the two first Concessions expired in January, and nothing had been done by the French, thus rendering the Agreements null and void, the Viceroy cancelled them, and if the Chinese Government are strong enough to support his Excellency, all that remains to the French concessionnaire, M. de Marteau, is the Petroleum Agreement, which he is said to be coming back to Szechuan to take up.\n\nSoon after my arrival here I found that Mr. Wilton was in daily communication with the Viceroy's Private Secretary, who, after rejecting the Mining and Petroleum Agreements, handed in by the former, himself produced new draft Agreements. These, of course, required amendment; but amendments to these amendments became so numerous, and the obstruction was so flagrant, that I advised Mr. Wilton to notify the Viceroy that, unless his amendments were accepted, he would leave on the 11th instant, and refer the whole matter to Peking.\n\nThis he did; obstruction began to weaken, and after the alteration of a few minor details, both Agreements were arranged and signed on the morning of the 11th instant, and Mr. Wilton left the same day at noon for Chungking. He took with him signed copies of each of the Agreements for transmission to you. I must add that, if these Agreements are ratified in Peking, the balance in favour of British mining rights in Szechuan will be due to the patience, perseverance, and ability which Mr. Wilton has proved himself to possess.\n\nThe question whether the Acting Viceroy will remain here is agitating the minds of Chinese and most foreigners in the province, both dreading that his removal will mean a recrudescence of trouble. It is known that his Excellency has been offered, and has refused, the command of the foreign-drilled troops at Peking, and it is hoped that he will be appointed to the substantive post of Viceroy, and thereby continue to maintain that order in Szechuan which the laxity of his predecessor so gravely imperilled, and which a weaker successor might find it difficult to uphold.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) ALEX. HOSIE.\n\nOffice or Individual.\n\nForeign\n\n1903\n\n26 Nich\n\nLast previous Paper.\n\n10725\n\nPux by\n\n3\n\nNo.\n\n11442\n\n1\n\n(Subject.)\n\n98 DOMEST\n\nC.O.\n\n11442\n\n37 MB C.\n\nPlat at banton gouist therese\n\nOfficials.\n\nFeres copy deep from baston\n\nreporting discovery\n\nMr Lucas (Minutes.)\n\nAls Cotton 47 25\n\nthe Johnson\n\ncolla pre\n\n? Put by\n\nA.F.\n\nSw72873\n\nCPL 28\n\nat once\n\nWB & L (58)—1657--20000-13-2\n\nNext subsequent Paper.\n\n20910",
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    {
        "id": 394582,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-325 - Public Offices & Others - 1904",
        "page_number": 572,
        "title": "CO129-325 - Public Offices & Others - 1904",
        "content_text": "THE TIMES, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1904.\n\nLANSDOWNE'S declaration. Year by year the imperative need of a definite policy, and, we think, the broad principles on which it should be based, become more manifest. The time has come when it is hopeless for private enterprise, without the assurance of State support, to compete successfully in the prosecution of large undertakings in China. Its rivals are no longer private individuals or associations of individuals; in one form or another they represent powerful European Governments, and against the resources of each Government, which are firmly directed to fixed aims upon consistent and intelligent principles, it is in vain for private Englishmen to struggle. They too must enjoy State support, if they are to be on even terms with their competitors. It need not necessarily take the form of pecuniary support, though the brilliant financial and political success achieved by the genius of LORD BEACONSFIELD, in the purchase of the Suez Canal shares, and the political results accomplished by the construction of the Sudan and Uganda railways demonstrate that, on occasion, a bold departure from the hide-bound traditions of the Treasury may prove of the highest advantage to the Empire. It need not often take the form of guarantees—which are only pecuniary support in the second degree of under...\n\nIn the years before the outbreak of the South African war there were few questions of foreign politics in which the public took a deeper interest than in the railway problem in China. Our Correspondents at Peking and Shanghai carefully laid the main factors of the problem before the nation and explained their political and commercial importance. They realized, as most intelligent Europeans in the East do realize, how intimately policy and commerce are of necessity knit in Oriental lands, and they exerted themselves with great ability to bring this fundamental truth home to their fellow-countrymen. Their efforts were attended with a large measure of success, and, under the pressure of the opinion which they did much to create, British Ministers reluctantly discarded some of their most comfortable illusions and awoke to the revelation that in half-civilized lands railways under foreign control are powerful political weapons. Under the same pressure our diplomacy was authorized to take part in what was called the \"battle of concessions\" in China, and at the end of 1898 our Minister at Peking officially recorded the results. These made a good show on paper, but unfortunately most of them have remained mere paper ever since. Two years ago our Shanghai Correspondent reviewed the then condition of the nine concessions, embracing more than 2,800 miles of railway, which our Government paraded with so much self-gratulation in 1898. The other day he repeated that salutary survey. The result is practically the same. We have completed 570 miles out of the 2,800 allotted to us, and there is a prospect of our building another 180 this year. The lines which we have finished are the Northern railway from Peking to Tien-tsin and Niu-chwang and the Pekin Syndicate's short line from the Shan-si mines to Wei-hui. The line which we are about to begin is the line from Shanghai to Nanking through Su-chau. The other concessions are either concessions and nothing more, in 1904, as they were in 1898, or they have altogether evaporated into mere interesting reminiscences. Other nations in the meantime have been actively developing the concessions made to them; Germany, France, and Russia have all displayed energy and enterprise in making the railways which our Foreign Office used to disparage as very dubious speculations. These nations appreciate the principle, recognized by CAPTAIN MAHAN, that in China, as in Persia, \"local commercial interests now underlie political and military control.\" Even Belgium, as we have recently seen, which cannot be suspected of this kind of ambition on her own account in China, has fearlessly embarked in railway construction across the British sphere, with a shrewd appreciation of the fact that the political and military \"value of her concessions will always enable her to find champions to protect them, or purchasers to take them off her hands upon terms to her advantage.\n\nThere has been one object-lesson, our Correspondent points out, which might have been expected to enlarge the views of the Government on railway policy in China. In January, 1899, they screwed their courage to the sticking-place and officially \"took note\" of the promise given by the Tsung-li-Yamên to the Hong-kong and Shanghai Bank that China would not alienate any of the Northern Railway lines to any foreign Power. \"The far-reaching and fortunate results of this 'undemonstrative support have been,' he declares, \"sufficiently conspicuous.\" They include, in a great measure, not only the maintenance of our own position in North China, but also that of the independence of the Chinese Government. The guarantee saved the railway from remaining in Russian hands after the Boxer troubles, and with the railway in Russian hands the subjugation of the Palace to Russian influence would have been complete. But, in spite of this lesson, the Foreign Office seems to have relapsed into its traditional attitude. When SIR ERNEST SATOW went back to Peking, more than twelve months ago, Lord LANSDOWNE declared that he went back with fuller powers and with a definite policy on the railway question. We are unable to believe that it is the fault of so able a diplomatist as SIR ERNEST SATOW that so little has been done to justify Lord LANSDOWNE's declaration.\n\n...undertakings in foreign lands. But, if Englishmen are to engage in such undertakings, as they must do if we are to maintain our place in the remoter markets of the world, our Government must back them up with the zeal and the perseverance which other Governments display in encouraging their countrymen. When British concession is as sure of diplomatic support as a Russian or a German concession or even as a Belgian concession—British capital will be forthcoming in plenty for opening the Chinese markets to British trade and manufactures. It is the plentiful lack of that support which is largely responsible for the undeveloped condition of so many of the concessions we have obtained, and which is leading foreigners to hint, and Chinamen to suspect, that we do not intend to develop them at all.\n\nPage 569\n\n0.0\n\n38877\n\n0\n\nThe necessity of doing something with our concessions may be illustrated by the case of the Hang-chau line. This is to be an extension of the Shanghai-Nanking line. The latter is described as the most valuable concession of its kind in China, while its control in British hands is indispensable to the protection of our interests at Shanghai and in the Yang-tze valley. We have had the preliminary contract since 1898, but the work has not yet been begun, and it is only after a strong remonstrance from our Minister that the obstructive attitude of SHENG TA-JÊN has been at last overcome and authority given for the issue of the bonds. But, though SHENG has done his best to retard the construction of the Nanking line, China has alleged this delay as a reason for refusing to discuss the final agreement for the Hang-chau extension. The gentry of Che-kiang have displayed an unexpected interest in the railway question. They have witnessed with concern the prospect of a British \"monopoly\" of concessions in that region, and they thought out—or adopted—an ingenious proposal to defeat it. It appears from the documents which our correspondent \"YANG-TSZE\" supplies this morning, that, in order to \"balance the power\" which we might ultimately acquire, they proposed to build a second line from Shanghai to Hang-chau. They offered to subscribe half the capital themselves, and they made an agreement with a German firm to provide the other half. They do not seem to have placed implicit reliance in their German associates. They applied for and obtained a guarantee for the 2,000,000 taels which were to be provided by the German firm from Dr. KNAPPE, the German Consul-General at Shanghai. The project, we understand, has fallen through. Its history survives as an instructive warning of the dangers of delay in carrying out our concessions, and as a practical reminder that, while Germany claims for herself a special position in Shan-tung, she also adheres to the contention—which LORD SALISBURY repudiated in 1898—that the Yang-tsze region is still \"unreservedly open\" to her enterprise.\n\n&\n\n14 NOV C",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-325 - Public Offices & Others - 1904.txt",
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    {
        "id": 397046,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-329 - Governor Nathan - 1905 [7-12]",
        "page_number": 340,
        "title": "CO129-329 - Governor Nathan - 1905 [7-12]",
        "content_text": "## \n337 \n\nIn the conditions of the town being as favourable as can be obtained from other Countries, the purchase of matériel from England ditiouch on the tenders for its supply, being higher than those from elsewhere. I have no doubt, however, that the Consul-General obtained the best terms he could from the Viceroy; \n\nThe tact & perseverance with which he has carried out the important negotiation for the loan agreement will no doubt be brought to the notice of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs by H.B.M. Minister.\n\nI should be glad, however, if you could see your way to convey to Government, on behalf of this Government, any expression of appreciation that may be conveyed to Mr. Fraser.\n\n### \nWith regard to the Canton-Hankow Railway, receipt of Sir Ernest Satow's despatch of the 11th September (XXXII) which communicated to me the purport of Prince Ch'ing's reply to his enquiry as to which Chinese officials were to conduct the negotiations for this line, I suggested to H.B.M. Consul-General at Canton...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-329 - Governor Nathan - 1905 [7-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 403163,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 72,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "# 71\n\nOn arriving before the Yamen there was a short pause before the large central gate swung open to let us pass, and as we entered three guns were fired off as a salute.\n\nI was met in an inner hall by Wen Taotai, Mr. Kao and Mr. Hsieh; the first named speaks excellent English and was one of the Chinese officials deputed to negotiate the Commercial Treaty with Sir James Mackay.\n\nViceroy Tsen welcomed me cordially and conducted me into a large room where we seated ourselves at a long table covered with the usual sweetmeats.\n\nSir Matthew Nathan, Governor of Hongkong, with whom I have been staying, had asked me to mention one or two things to the Viceroy should I see him. Accordingly, after a few remarks of a general character had passed, I said that the Governor had asked me to convey his congratulations on the successful manner in which His Excellency had put down the rebellion in Kwang-si. The Viceroy looked pleased and requested me to thank Sir Matthew for his kind message.\n\nI then remarked that the Governor was most anxious to make his acquaintance and to visit Canton; he had deferred doing the latter, however, in the Viceroy's absence, but hoped to have the opportunity of seeing him and Canton at no distant date. Tsen smiled and bowed, but made no definite reply.\n\nI next alluded to the procedure which had been adopted in regard to extradition in the \"Perseverance\" case, which had given great satisfaction to the Hongkong Government and which they hoped would be followed in future cases. The Viceroy said that it would be most certainly, and remarked that he sincerely wished that extradition cases could be arranged as satisfactorily with Macao as with Hongkong. With the former place there were endless difficulties and delays which involved heavy expenses. His Excellency hoped that the present regulations in respect to the export of arms from Hongkong to the two Kwang Provinces, which was the next subject I brought forward, would not be relaxed. It was a most necessary measure which went far to secure order and tranquillity which the Hongkong Government must be just anxious ... \n\n## 88",
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    {
        "id": 409144,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 210,
        "title": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "Sir,\n\nPublic Works Department,\n\nHongkong, March 13th., 1907.\n\nI have the honour to apply for an increase to my present salary of £480 per annum on the grounds that the work which I am doing and have done for the past three years as Executive Engineer to the Tytam Works merits it.\n\nI would remind you that both the Tytam Tuk Schemes, First and Second Sections, have been designed, and the former carried out, practically without the aid of a Consulting Engineer.\n\nThe responsibility for the designs and the carrying out of the works, though primarily devolving on you, must also be mine and in addition I have had to instruct a Chinese Contractor in the methods of doing work to which he was quite unaccustomed.\n\nThat these works have been well carried out I know that you are aware and the credit for them is largely due to the Contractor for his willingness to learn and his perseverance.\n\nPage 210\n\nPage 211",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 409145,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 211,
        "title": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "Perseverance in continuing the work at, what he assures me to be a financial loss.\n\nI feel that in asking for a rise in salary I can count on your recommendation as the minimum salary of an Executive Engineer has not been fixed to cover the services that I am rendering.\n\nI have etc.,\n\n(Sd.) Daniel Jaffe.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 411392,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 569,
        "title": "CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "# 563\n\nOutsiders lurk in her Yang-tsze strongholds. In addition, under pretext of propagating religion, outsiders have visited every natural strong place, and they know China better than the Chinese. The real cause of this hurt is the influx of capital and its ramifications. Obvious as all this is, dishonest Chinese are tempted by greed to spy for the outsider and teach the monkey to climb the tree, until our grand State is worried into seeking alien support and doing alien bidding, and thinking it luck to get alien charity. It is this that makes patriots beat their breasts and weep. Thus the influx of foreign capital is more cruel than struggles for territory or cities, attended as these are by mountains of corpses and seas of blood.\n\nThus terrible being the harm done by influx of foreign capital—which can neither be withstood nor forbidden, and which will make the State poorer, the people weaker, the longer it is allowed to go on, and end in disaster such as the mind refuses to contemplate—the only course is to devise a countervailing scheme. Now the influx of foreign capital falls under two heads—public loans from foreign States, and foreign industrial enterprises—and these require separate remedies.\n\nAs to the first, China had never any public debts of old, though King Nan of the Chou dynasty's hiding from his creditor subjects on the debtor's refuge is an old joke, and sudden emergencies have had to be met with benevolence or the opening of trading marts. European States, however, have all internal loans, the interest on which is raised by taxation, though repudiation or forced reduction of the principal has been a fertile source of weakness and discontent. The most prominent case of failure to meet foreign debts leading to interference with finances and control of rights is afforded by Egypt, which ceased to be her people's owing to reckless borrowing from strong Powers and squandering of proceeds. The next case is Argentina, which, in zeal for progress, borrowed heavily from England but did not develop quickly enough, with the result that loans fell due and all enterprises had to stop, leaving her ruined and nearly extinguished. For failure to arrange to meet charges increases the evil result of foreign capital. At this moment reform measures have been set going, and require vast sums. If these cannot be met internally, foreign borrowing is imperative, but only from States weaker than ourselves and far away, so as to avoid danger of control and covetousness; and before borrowing it is necessary to work out the industries which, by the use of the loan, can bring enough profit to meet the principal charge on due date. As to control of funds and of employés, we must retain this, and not let capitalists interfere with our rights if we are to minimize the harm of influx of foreign capital and, avoiding the fate of Egypt and Argentina, make all nations regard the attempt to play that game on China as too risky.\n\nBefore their rebellion, the United States of America had, for railways, mines, industries, &c., borrowed from the States of Europe until the Government was responsible for 2,800,000,000 gold dollars, 60 or 70 per cent. of the bonds being held in Europe, where America was jeered at as the gold-borrower and her people as the debt-burdened. Luckily the Americans did their utmost and, by successful schemes of redemption, soon recovered five-sixths of their bonds, until now they rank as a first-class State for capital, and can invade the European market to take back their lost prestige.\n\nSimilarly, France had, besides internal loans, to raise abroad over 104,000,000 dollars to pay the indemnity imposed by Germany; and two-thirds of the large sums borrowed when Italy became a State were held abroad. Spectators thought both countries in peril, but vigorous reforms and popular confidence, causing native capitalists to strive to get back national bonds, unperceptibly restored their control of their debts. So also India thirty years ago had to seek industrial capital in England, but now stands alone (as Englishmen there say, their position is now like that of Europeans in America). For the influx of foreign capital, however great, can, by skilful arrangements, be made extraordinarily productive and a great gain. Supposing the capitalist country's hope of interest prevents its interfering causelessly for fear of losing our favour and jeopardizing an outlet for its money, and our people thoroughly realize the special benefit of reform and buy up the bonds to keep outsiders from profiting, this would be a spontaneous acceptance of help without Government pressure, and in such a case the influx of foreign capital would do good and not ill.\n\nAs to the influx of capital for industries in the interior, its evident harm is less immediate but its secret influence worse. For debts end once they are paid off; whereas traders, preying on our vitals, stealing our livelihood, squatting on our important places, becoming intimate with our popular feelings, end, if they cannot be resisted or prohibited, in unthinkable disaster. Yet the ill can be met if it cannot be prevented, and the best way to this end is to open lots of schools for arts and crafts, extend establishment of factories, set up Companies to strengthen their trading power, give sole rights to encourage traders, lighten export duties to widen consumption, set up banks throughout foreign countries to facilitate circulation. The old prejudice for study and contempt of handicrafts, which extended even to out-of-the-way quarters, is now dying with greater enlightenment, and schools are rising, either Government or popular, which are fully supplied with fine-looking systems. But our nature is to regard externals and to be wanting in perseverance, while the teachers are not always expert nor ready to give away their trade secrets. The result is the students know what should be done but not how to do it, can imitate foreigners but not improve on their doings, and further foreign improvements leave us behind. To meet this danger the best way is to have schools attached to factories, into which only pupils up in mathematics, science, and chemistry will be received, either from lower schools or by selection, and which will give them an excellent career while imposing strict lessons. Then there will be practical progress, and any special invention will bring medals and sole rights, while, if it succeeds, the authorities will step forward with capital for the largest style of Company, will protect the rights, and prevent infringement of patent. With such encouragement pupils will surely work hard and successfully and schools and factories flourish. Our products will save freight, and so be cheap enough and good enough to oust foreign dear articles, and with rise of native trade foreign trade will die of inanition, and, without actual prohibition, influx of foreign capital will silently cease.\n\nBut internal markets will not then suffice to counteract the evil of that influx. We must imitate foreign countries, which encourage their manufactures by lightening export dues and by imposing on all imports but necessaries which they cannot themselves produce prohibitive charges. To the objection that this would entail loss of revenue we reply that vastly increased business would result in larger revenue, even at lower rates, and that only certain staples need be thus encouraged.\n\nAlas! foreigners here do as they will, interfere with our rights, and bully our authorities; they take away money for what they bring to the tune of innumerable millions a-year, while they will not let Chinese immigrants send home the money they make abroad to amounts over 500 dollars, and confiscate their businesses when they die, so that the money drained from China never can return. Such unjust treatment should be abolished when the Treaties are renewed by insisting on equal treatment with other Powers; but meanwhile the remedy is to have branches of the Board of Revenue in all chief foreign ports to remit our people's money at moderate charge, and also to enforce Treaty rule against export of currency.\n\nAh me! the effects of the influx of foreign capital depend on the situation of the State. If it is strong the influx simply enhances its profit; if it is weak the influx does nothing but harm. As regards systems of counteraction, these, however well considered, cannot be worked if a State be too weak. Our China, for her wide area, vast population, abundant resources, rich supply of talent, has long been at the head of the five continents. Her sudden weakness is not due to outsiders, but simply to herself. Nor by \"herself\" do we mean her people, but to her centuries of policy designed to make the people simple, weak, and to hold them down. Therefore to withstand the danger arising from influx of foreign capital the first essential is to make the State rich and strong—an object only to be gained by a reversal of this false policy of making the people simple and weak.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt",
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    {
        "id": 412488,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 248,
        "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## Page 2\n\nThe difficulties which beset the path of the Chinese Government in these days were immense. Public opinion was making itself felt everywhere, new ideas were permeating the masses, and to put the matter frankly, there was a national awakening with which the statesmen of to-day had to reckon. The people had awoken from their long sleep and were taking stock of the situation.\n\nTurning to the specific causes of complaint which I had brought to his notice, his Highness said that a settlement of the Shansi difficulty was, he thought, in sight. He had personally conferred with Ting, the Judge of the province, and they had agreed upon a plan of action which, on the Judge's return to Shansi in about two months' time, would be submitted to the Agent-General of the Syndicate through the Shansi Bureau of Commerce. The Governor of the province was not a man of sufficient grit to deal with the question, but he had confidence in the Judge's capacity to bring it to a successful solution. The Syndicate itself was not altogether without blame for what had occurred as it was very slow in taking any steps to work its Concession at the outset.\n\nHis Highness regarded the condition of the railway negotiations as much more hopeful than I had described it. The Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze line was, he understood, making good progress between M. Cordes and his Excellency Liang Tun-yen, and he foresaw a speedy settlement of that question.\n\nThe Soochow-Ningpo extension presented greater difficulties, but there also he contended that the Imperial Government had given practical proof of its desire to expedite matters as much as possible. Two months ago the question had been placed in the hands of Wang, the late Minister in London, whose position and experience rendered him peculiarly fit to deal with it. He had received his instructions immediately he landed in Shanghae a fortnight or so ago, and had since been actively engaged in paving the way for the opening of negotiations. The Prince regretted that Wang Ta-jên was prevented by illness from being present to give an account of his doings. In conclusion, the Prince desired me to convey an earnest assurance to His Majesty's Government that the Imperial Government would faithfully carry out all its engagements.\n\nI said that it would be my duty to do so, but that I should be glad if the Prince could furnish me with some more definite statement, as a general assurance coming even from his Highness could scarcely be expected to carry much weight after all the promises which had been transmitted in the past. What was now required was, not fresh promises, but performance, and nothing short of this would remove the grave feeling of disappointment felt by His Majesty's Government.\n\nThe Prince expressed a hope that I did not doubt the sincerity of his assurances, and said that his wish was to treat us in the most friendly manner. Other Powers had quite as good grounds for grievances as we had, and he appealed to me as one who had had long experience of China to have patience with the Chinese Government in its difficulties.\n\nThe Prince, I remarked, had spoken frankly about the national awakening, the state of feeling in the provinces, and other recent changes which rendered the task of the Central Government difficult.\n\n## Page 23\n\nHe would in return concede me the privilege of laying frankly before him some of the views which the altered situation suggested to others. The so-called national awakening was largely the work of students who had returned from Japan with a dangerous smattering of knowledge. Their sentiments formed the \"public opinion\" on which the policy of the Central Government was based. The students ruled the provinces, and the provinces ruled Peking. What struck the foreign observer as the essential difference between the China of to-day and the Japan of some thirty years ago was this:---\n\nIn her elder Statesmen Japan had a central authority which guided the country and exercised the right, when occasion required it, of imposing its will upon the people. In Peking the Wai-wu Pu was content to meet its Imperial engagements by the admission that it could give counsel, but not orders to the provinces. I had no hesitation in saying that twenty years ago the conduct of business was much easier with the old Tsung-li Yamên than it is with the reformed Wai-wu Pu, and the Prince as President of both Boards could pronounce upon the justice of the assertion.\n\nHis Excellency Na Tung, who was present, was disposed to demur to this statement and professed inability to understand our anxiety about railway concessions which appeared to him to be progressing favourably. As the active member of the Wai-wu Pu who was now largely responsible for its work, he would guarantee to do his utmost to see that they were put through as soon as possible.\n\nI pointed out that we had not used our Concessions as other Powers had for the advancement of political objects, and that the return we received for this disinterested action was that, while other nations were running their own railways on Chinese soil, we were debarred from constructing railways on terms which, as the recent Canton-Kowloon Agreement demonstrated, were conceived in the best interests of China herself. I considered myself justified in pressing for some definite assurance that effect would be given to our railway engagements within a limited space of time, but all I could extract was a statement from Na Tung that he hoped within a few days to be able to tell me how far Mr. Wang was in a position to enter upon the negotiations for the Soochow-Ningpo line. The consideration of the Thibetan question, which I had discussed on the previous day with Na Tung and on which I am reporting in another despatch, was continued at this interview, and I adduced the indifference which China had shown with regard to her engagements under the Adhesion Agreement of the 27th April, 1906, as another of the incidents which had produced a very unfavourable impression upon His Majesty's Government. In agreeing to accept payment of the indemnity from China, in fixing the date for the opening of trade-marts, in consenting to negotiate the amendment of the Trade Regulations with China and Thibet, instead of with Thibet alone, and in numerous other ways we had given substantial proofs of our desire to act in a spirit of friendly co-operation with China. This was not a case in which the Chinese Government could plead the exigencies of public opinion as an excuse for their action, and yet despite all the assurances of the Central Government, their officials on the spot had for months pursued a policy of gratuitous obstruction.\n\nThe Grand Secretary, Na Tung, interposed with the suggestion that we should let bygones be bygones on this question and look forward to smoother relations in the future. I reciprocated the wish and took my leave after an interview of nearly two hours.\n\n## Page 3\n\nThe question of bringing pressure to bear upon China to secure the fulfilment of Railway and Mining Concessions is a peculiarly difficult one. There is undoubtedly a strong public feeling on the subject which has means of making itself felt in ways that were unknown a few years ago. The American boycott and the Shanghae riot are recent instances of concerted retaliation of this kind. The correspondence forwarded in your despatch No. 214 of the 28th May will already have shown you the apprehensions which the Peking Syndicate's case has caused amongst the missionaries in Shansi, and several of them have assured me personally that any attempt to enforce the Syndicate's claims by material pressure would endanger the lives of all foreigners in the province, I think, therefore, it may be safely said that so far as Mining Concessions are concerned the interests involved, great as they are, are not sufficient to justify the risk of attempting to enforce them by other than ordinary diplomatic methods.\n\nOpinions will probably differ as to whether pressure of the kind indicated is likely to retard or hasten the completion of our railway negotiations, but there are many other considerations to be taken into account. Even if we force the Central Government to accept the Concessions on paper, the provinces can give us infinite trouble in carrying them into effect, and without their good-will even the purchase of the land might be a matter of difficulty.\n\nBut the advice which I have ventured to offer in my telegram No. 132 is largely based upon the belief, which events may not possibly justify, that with patience and perseverance we shall eventually secure the fulfilment of our railway obligations.\n\nI have, &c. \n(Signed) J. N. JORDAN \n\n## Page 245",
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    {
        "id": 416211,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 376,
        "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "The present time is thus one of preparation, as we have repeatedly and explicitly declared in several Decrees. It is therefore most essential to regard the stage of development of the people in order to judge whether the inauguration will come early or late. The Sovereign and the Ministers of State, the governing and the governed, all should diligently investigate the question and study it point by point, so that when constitutional government is established it may be for the general happiness and advantage of all. But wherever the Sovereign of any country has granted a Constitution, the chief power in most cases remains vested in the Throne, while the system of administration rests generally upon public opinion; but the practical working of the administration and the control of public opinion still remain under the sovereignty of the Throne, and meetings of the people, associations, and all expressions of thought, whether verbal or in writing, are subject to fixed legal limitations. No country has ever founded its Constitution by breaking all the restraints of duty and offending against the first principles of right; and, moreover, China hitherto has set a high value upon ceremonious conduct and courtesy, and has set up a high standard of social duty. In now choosing from what is best in the legal systems of other countries, our own social and religious obligations must be preserved.\n\nThe desire of the Throne to prepare for a Constitution is profound, but in the last years the gentry, merchants, scholars, and people of various provinces (though there have been, of course, plenty of dutiful and law-abiding exceptions) have shown a strong tendency towards frivolous and ill-considered criticisms and with a total ignorance of the subject to cry for constitutional rights over no matter what political question, domestic or foreign. By leading one another on to interfere, a hundred soon re-echo the words of and the mischief is reverberated from one mind to another, misrepresentation follows upon misrepresentation, and, as the days pass, more profound is the danger that this swarming mass of misstatement, by which white is turned to black, may burst forth into disorder. With the people usurping what the authorities let slip from their grasp, and with a reckless defiance of the social order, the foundation of constitutional government cannot but be impeded, and, with the general prospect of peaceful administration revolutionized by a spirit of disorder, the hope of a Constitution becomes even more remote, and the opportunity for consolidating the country passes still farther out of sight.\n\nNow, popular feeling cannot, of course, be ignored, but the people must on no account give vent to their feelings by angry clamour. In a constitutional State the authorities and the people must loyally adhere to their respective functions and preserve a peaceful and harmonious attitude. The object of a Parliament is to choose what is good from the sentiments of the people, but those who elect parliamentary representatives as well as those who are elected as representatives have, severally, fixed rôles to play, and fixed rules are provided both for the assembling of deliberative associations and for their dismissal. The subjects which may be discussed are also confined within distinct limits and restricted by carefully drawn regulations. The various powers and functions being thus clearly defined, it is by no means the case that any individual is at liberty to discuss affairs, nor is it the case that every subject can be deliberated upon.\n\nAt present commands have been issued for the establishment in Peking of the \"Tzu Cheng Yuan\" (Senate), and in the provinces of the \"Tzu Yi Chu\" (Consultative Bureaux). These are intended to form the foundation of parliamentary institutions. In future the interests of the various provinces should be carefully investigated and discussed by the Consultative Bureaux, and if they arrive at any definite resolution they can request the high authorities of their province to communicate with the Senate and submit the matter for the consideration and action of that body. They must not, however, usurp powers which they do not possess and overstep their functions, thereby introducing confusion into governmental affairs. Still less may they provoke agitation by captious criticism and so disturb the peaceful administration of the country.\n\nThe Board of Laws and the Board of the Interior have already been commanded to frame satisfactory press laws without delay, and it is now commanded that the Office for the Investigation of Constitutional Reform shall co-operate with the Board of the Interior in drawing up rules in respect to the limitations to be observed by all Associations which concern themselves with political affairs, and to submit such rules, which shall be derived from Chinese and foreign legislation on this subject, for approval to the Throne at the earliest possible date. Should there be busybodies who meet together and instigate men's minds towards the outbreak of disorder, the law of the land is here, ready to deal with them, and they shall on no account be spared, but must be prevented and punished with the utmost rigour.\n\nAll Government Offices and Departments in Peking and the provinces are further commanded to see that their subordinates scrupulously observe and give effect to the provisions of this Decree. If they venture to neglect it, or fail to exact obedience there, and trouble develops in consequence, the Office or Department concerned will not be able to repudiate its direct responsibility.\n\n(Translation.)\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nExtract from the \"Peking Gazette\" of December 25, 1907.\n\nDECREE ISSUED IN THE NAME OF THE EMPRESS DOWAGER.\n\nTHE State, for the encouragement of virtue and talent, has made selections from the administrative acts of former dynasties and from the established practices of foreign nations, and has inaugurated a series of graded schools.\n\nImperial orders have been issued to the high educational authorities to prepare careful Regulations and submit them for the Imperial sanction and subsequent promulgation by Edict.\n\nPerseverance in the proper path has been encouraged, and much forethought has likewise been expended in the imposing of restrictive measures, as, for example, the prohibition to interfere in political matters, to stray into irrelevant issues, to form Associations, and to address public meetings; all of which have been strictly prohibited by proclamation.\n\nIt was our hope that the educated classes would keep themselves under proper discipline and devote themselves to the training of their minds. The State had thus formed the greatest expectations from these people. Of late years, however, there have been signs that the scholars have been going greatly astray in their conduct. It constantly occurs that they fail to concentrate their attention on their studies and to confine their efforts to becoming good Confucianists. They frequently step beyond their proper sphere, and interfere in external affairs. They heap contumely upon their officials and professors, and rebel against properly constituted authority. They infringe the precepts of Confucius, and make unauthorized changes in their curriculum and traditional costume. They dragoon their village communities, and, worse still, refuse to acknowledge the high provincial officials. They endeavour to force the Government to accede to their wishes in important affairs of State. They habitually send anonymous telegrams to the Council of State in the name of the whole school. Without weighing the merits of a case, they utter scurrilous criticisms, and by the force of their example lead the ignorant masses to adopt their views. Persons of bad character and malcontents seize such opportunities to incite disorder, to the great detriment of right principles and the disturbance of the popular mind.\n\nSuch practices as these have been unheard of in former times, and even heretofore in our own dynasty, while abroad evils of such a nature are unknown in schools.\n\nScholars form the highest of the four classes of the population. Whatever the attitude of the scholars, that also will be the attitude of the people. The people are bound to follow any evil practices the scholar section may inaugurate, and the effect of this on the whole question of government in the future will be hard to calculate. The only way to wean the scholars from their evil courses is to impose severer legislative measures.\n\nLet, therefore, the Board of Education issue instructions to all offices concerned with educational affairs to publish restrictive Regulations and cause them to be very stringently enforced. Any omissions in existing rules dealing with the examination and supervision of scholars are to be filled in and such rules put strictly into force under due penalties.\n\nThe guidance of scholars is a duty shared by the Governor of Peking, the provincial Viceroys and Governors, and the Educational Commissioners. These officials are, however, in the habit of permitting the scholars to overstep their bounds and win applause by being faithless to their principles. In order to gain the good opinion of the scholars leniency is shown towards them, and talented men are ruined in the making.\n\nRecently there have been many examples of schools both in the capital and in the provinces having assembled, created disturbances, and dispatched nonsensical telegrams.\n\nPage 371",
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        "id": 417127,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 453,
        "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "6 \n\nand unworthy of a powerful body like the China Association. Perhaps I err in over-confidence; nevertheless I would venture to suggest that, given vigilance, perseverance, combination, and absolute freedom from preconceived bias, there is no reason why Japan's designs, if they are as crooked as is generally believed, should not eventually be unmasked. I hope, therefore, that the China Association will not allow the matter to drop, but will persist in its efforts till a satisfactory opinion in one sense or the other is reached. It is scarcely necessary for me to add that I shall be exceedingly grateful for information which the Association may at any time be in a position to afford, and glad to answer to the best of my ability any questions it may wish to put.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) HAROLD G. PARLETT.\n\n450\n\nThis Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n\nCHINA TRADE.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[26625]\n\nNo. 1.\n\nForeign Office to China Association.\n\n32382 IREL\n\n4 9 08\n\n[August 5.]\n\nSECTION 2.\n\nSir,\n\n(Confidential.)\n\nForeign Office, August 5, 1908.\n\nWITH reference to the letter from this Department of the 30th May last, I am directed by Secretary Sir Edward Grey to inform you that the Board of Trade have been consulted with regard to the observations of the China Association on the terms of the proposed Convention with Japan for the protection of trade-marks in China and Corea, which were contained in your letter of the 13th May.\n\nIn reply, I am to inform you that the most recent information which has been received from Tôkiô leads Sir E. Grey to believe that the terms of the Japanese Trade-mark Law are to be more strictly enforced in future, and I am to inclose for your information an extract from the \"Japan Times\" upon the subject. His Majesty's Ambassador has no doubt that this statement was inspired by the Japanese Foreign Office or Patent Bureau.\n\nI am further to state, for the confidential information of the Association, that His Majesty's Ambassador has heard on good authority that the Japanese Government have in mind an early revision of the Patent Law.\n\nFor the present, he reports, it is hoped by administrative measures to correct any of the abuses in connection with the registration of trade-marks. It is the intention of the Bureau to give the widest possible construction to the provisions of Article 11, section 3, and Article 40, section 1, of the present Trade-mark Law, and to refuse to register any trade-marks which are designed to deceive the public or which contain any misrepresentation as to the place of origin.\n\nIn the case of trade-marks already registered the same rule will be applied, and if such trade-marks are found to be designed to deceive the public they will be cancelled by the Bureau. An applicant for registration who finds that his mark has been previously registered by another may produce evidence to prove that the registered trade-mark is not a proper one and is of a nature to deceive the public: and if the Bureau, upon examination, finds the claim to be established they will cancel the registered mark no matter how long it may have been registered.\n\nThe Patent Bureau, as a matter of principle, is in favour of making no restriction as to the scope of the operation of the proposed Convention; on the contrary, it endeavours to encourage free and fair competition and spares no effort to prevent fraudulent methods. As a matter of fact, however, the alteration of existing conditions without due notice would be an injustice to those of its nationals who might have large stocks of goods on hand. If this difficulty can be overcome, by granting one year or some reasonable time to the interested persons to dispose of their goods or of their trade-marks attached thereon, the Government would be willing to withdraw the proviso as to three years' use.\n\nIt is believed that conditions as to the registration of pirated trade-marks in Japan are not as bad as has been represented, and that the administrative measures above mentioned will enable the Bureau to rectify any serious infringements pending more effective future legislation. A recent utterance of the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce shows that the Government is now giving the subject earnest consideration.\n\nWith regard to the last paragraph of your letter under reply, I am to inform you that, since the last communication on the subject was made to you, a fresh counter-draft, a copy of which is inclosed for your confidential information, has been drawn up by His Majesty's Government, and has been dispatched to His Majesty's Ambassador at Tokio with instructions to present it to the Japanese Government forthwith. I am to point out that the form of words adapted from the Merchandize Marks Act and added to Article 3 of this counter-draft was intended to some extent to meet the point raised by the Association in this paragraph.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed) F. A. CAMPBELL.\n\n* Extract from \"Japan Times\" (in May 11, Section 1).\n\n† Counter-draft Trade-mark Convention.\n\n[1904 e-2]",
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        "id": 421619,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 408,
        "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "## Page 406\n\nI pointed out to him that the Chinese were committed to us as far as the financing of the Canton-Hankow line was concerned and generally repeated the language which had already held with Mr. Gulland. American co-operation appeared to me unobjectionable from a political point of view, but competition was to be deprecated in the best interests of China herself, and I felt sure that he would not favour the introduction of Belgian capital under the guise of American. Our recent experience had taught us the necessity of stricter supervision over the spending of railway loans and, as an illustration of this, I furnished my American colleague privately with a copy of Mr. Tuckey's letter regarding the southern section of Tien-tsin-Pukow line.\n\nMr. Rockhill fully concurred in the views I expressed as regards co-operation and the need for satisfactory guarantees, adding that the Chinese had themselves told him of the special Agreement with us respecting the Canton-Hankow line. He evidently regarded the new departure in American policy as due to the initiative of Tong Shao-yi in Washington.\n\nMr. Gulland has returned to Shanghae, but before leaving he told me that an American representative of the bank would soon come to Peking to continue the negotiations.\n\nIn the meantime, Chang Chih-tung has ordered three officers to come up here from Wuchang to represent the provinces of Hupei and Hunan in the forthcoming negotiations, but until to-day he gave little sign of proceeding to business.\n\nAs this is being written he has sent a message asking to see Mr. Bland who has, however, gone to Tien-tsin.\n\nThe accompanying Report from Canton gives an interesting account of the progress that continues to be made at that end of the line.\n\n**(No. 77.)** Sir,\n\nI have, &c.\n\n**(Signed)**\n\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n## Inclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nConsul-General Fraser to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nHankow, December 7, 1908.\n\nBEGGING reference to my despatch, No. 68, of the 23rd October, I have the honour to forward a translation of certain pertinent queries put by the Viceroy Ch'en to the gentry and merchants who claim that the Hankow-Ichang section of the line to Szech'uen should be entrusted to an unofficial Company promoted by them.\n\nIt is interesting to find a Viceroy confessing officially the proved hollowness of the agitation against the Shanghae-Hangchow-Ningpo railway loan and the want of confidence on the part of the shareholders in the Canton Railway Company.\n\nThe present financial crisis in Hankow is trying severely the standing of the chief promoter of this Railway Company and he has already had to ask for lenience in regard to his promised contributions for public works.\n\nHowever cleverly disguised, the rental share scheme amounts to nothing else than railway building by forced contributions on the part of the landowners and farmers, whom the depreciated copper currency has already impoverished and who have recently suffered from floods. The natural method to insure \"universal profit-sharing\" would of course be prompt construction with borrowed funds secured on provincial revenues with an undertaking that the net profits should for all time be applied in reduction of provincial taxation.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n**(Signed)**\n\nE. H. FRASER.\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nExtract from the `Kung-lun Pao` of December 5, 1908.\n\nMinute of the Hukuang Viceroy calling for information on certain points in connection with the proposal to make the Hankow-Ichang Railway an unofficial undertaking.\n\n**(Condensed Translation.)**\n\nWITH reference to the joint petition of certain gentry and merchants advocating this proposal, and asking my support thereof, the Grand Secretary Chang inquires by telegraph what is intended by a purely commercial undertaking, and also asks for my opinion. Such an important matter cannot be lightly decided, and the advocacy of the Hupei gentry and merchants cannot be gauged simply by words. I am therefore anxious for a genuine report on the following essential points:\n\n| Point | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | So great and expensive an undertaking needs for its inception due financial security. In its memorial of July last the Board of Communications estimated the cost of the whole stretch from Ichang to Kuangshui (over 1,200) at 30,000,000 of taels. On the strength of the total present subscription, which is some 3,800,000 taels—less than 10 per cent.—it would be futile to try to convince the Board that the petitioners can find the whole cost of the line they want to keep to themselves. During the Kiangsu and Chehkiang agitation against a foreign loan, every district subscribed from several lakhs to several millions, but when it came to paying, some found only 10 per cent., others under 1 per cent. in hard cash, and the Board's fund has perforce had to be drawn upon. Perhaps the petitioners do not know this, or that the subscribers of the tens of millions of shares taken up for the Kuangtung section of the Hankow-Canton line show so much hesitation over paying the second call that the Company is in despair. The want of perseverance in these cases should make the Hupei people wary of starting the undertaking without counting the cost. |\n| 2 | The first section of the proposed trace goes from Hanyang by way of Hsien Tao Chen to Shashih, the second from Shashih through Tang-yang and Ichang, the third from Tang-yang by I-ch'eng to Hsing-yang. Hanyang is to be connected by a bridge with the Peking-Hankow line so as to save the Siang-yang-Kuangshui section. The builders must observe this trace for which his Excellency Chang has obtained Imperial sanction, and the Board's time limit for completion is five years. |\n| 3 | For a vast work there must be full funds assured, and also proper arrangements to secure support. His Excellency Chang's proposal to follow the Szechuen and Hunan precedents of rental shares is not meant to burden the people, but to assure universal help. Wuchang and Hankow traders' three millions odd are trade funds, not the funds of the whole Hupei population. If all the sixty odd districts collect a rent, along with the taxes, and allot shares accordingly, the remotest hamlets' charge will gain a part of the benefit of being shareholders, and the gain will be widespread as suggested in the joint letter of Hupei gentry resident in Peking, who add that the project needs official support to succeed. The Peking and the Hupei gentries' views are thus in antagonism, and one would like to know what scheme will insure universal shareholding and universal profit-sharing. |\n| 4 | His Excellency Chang originally intended to have the line built section by section with funds collected by Hupei authorities and gentry, and only when the trace was somewhat changed on survey did he decide on merchant work under official superintendence. These precedents of two years ago indicate that each class should do its own raising of funds and co-operate in the working. The letter from the gentry in Peking suggests Messrs. Yao and Liu going there to help in arranging, and insists on the necessity for co-operation between officials and gentry, each providing half the funds. Yet the provincial petition wants neither construction by the Board, nor official share in the scheme which is to be entirely unofficial—an idea incongruous neither with the Imperially sanctioned proposals, nor the Peking gentry's views. Application to the Throne would mean reference to the Board which would report the present proposal I am repugnant to previously approved proposals, and so no good would result. |\n\nI am delighted at Hupei gentry and merchants' eagerness to back their proposal, but a line thus beneficial to the province requires general deliberation by officials, gentry, traders, and people who must beware of prejudices as of upsetting the original scheme, must provide tangible funds, define the powers of officials and merchants in the work, draft satisfactory permanent rules, and practically map out each year's work. After these conditions are fulfilled, application to the Throne for leave to reopen the question might prove successful.\n\nI shall be very glad to receive from the officers of the railway bureau, together with those employed, and all the Hupei gentry, categorical replies embodying the results of their thorough consideration of these points.",
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    {
        "id": 422292,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 321,
        "title": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "## Inclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\n**Wai-wu Pu to Sir J. Jordan**\n\nPeking, March 28, 1909.\n\nWe have carefully perused your Excellency's Memorandum and Mr. W. L. Mackenzie King's letter regarding the proposals of the Canadian Government for restricting the immigration of Chinese labour into the Dominion, and note their desire to arrange with the Chinese Government for limiting the number of Chinese labourers entering Canada each year, and for rendering it obligatory even on Chinese of a higher class to hold passports.\n\nWe have the honour to observe, in reply, that the number of Chinese subjects who have entered Canada in recent years amounts to some thirty odd thousand. We understand the desire of the Canadian Government to be that China should herself limit the number of labourers by a system of passports, and that Canada would under those circumstances be willing to remove the present onerous capitation tax.\n\nWhile fully appreciating the friendly spirit manifested by these proposals, we have to bear in mind that this question affects the livelihood of Chinese subjects, and that its importance to us is therefore considerable. It is consequently impossible to come to a definite decision at short notice as to how the matter should be treated, and as we are now appointing a Consul-General for the Dominion, the best plan will, perhaps, be that he should go into the matter fully, and discuss it direct with the Canadian Government whenever an opportunity presents itself.\n\nMr. Mackenzie King's present visit to Peking cannot, we presume, be indefinitely prolonged, and we would suggest that he should return to Canada, and bring forward to the Chinese Consul-General any matter which he may have for discussion. The Consul-General will refer to this Board for instructions, and in view of the increasing cordiality in the good relations between China and Great Britain, and the consideration which the Canadian Government desires to show to Chinese subjects, we feel sure that it should be possible to accord to them most favourable treatment, and we profoundly hope that the capitation tax, and all other cruel and vexatious Ordinances, may be completely removed, as a token of benevolence to these immigrants and as a manifestation of justice.\n\nWe have the honour to request your Excellency to ask Mr. Mackenzie King to report to his Government in the above sense.\n\nWe avail, &c.\n\nDear Mr. Liang,\n\nPrince Ch'ing and Ministers of the Wai-wu Pu.\n\n## Inclosure 5 in No. 1.\n\n**Mr. Mackenzie King to Liang Tun-yen**\n\nPeking, March 30, 1909.\n\nSIR JOHN JORDAN has shown me the despatch from the Wai-wu Pu in reference to the immigration matters we have been discussing together. I note that the Chinese Government desires to carefully consider the whole question before coming to a final decision, and I am therefore arranging, in accordance with its suggestion, to return to Canada, where, as the communication suggests, the matter may be taken up later on with the Chinese Consul-General at Ottawa.\n\nI should not like to leave Peking without expressing my appreciation of the cordial way in which you have received me as a Representative of the Government of Canada, and acknowledging with thanks, on behalf of the Government, the frank and thorough manner in which you have discussed the subject in its many bearings. I am fully sensible of what this has meant amid your many and onerous duties.\n\nI shall call at the Wai-wu Pu this afternoon at 3 o'clock, at which time I hope I may have opportunity of thanking you in person.\n\nBelieve me, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nW. L. MACKENZIE KING.\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n\nC. O.\n\n16123 [April 22.]\n\n**AFFAIRS OF CHINA - CONFIDENTIAL.**\n\n[15130]\n\n## No. 1.\n\n**Peking Syndicate to Foreign Office.-(Received April 22.)**\n\n110, Cannon Street, London, April 21, 1909.\n\nI AM instructed by my Directors to inclose, for the information of Secretary Sir Edward Grey, copy of a telegram received yesterday from Mr. Brazier, the Syndicate's Agent-General at Tien-tsin, from which it appears that the Chinese authorities are disputing the right of the Syndicate to dispose of coal, the produce of its mines, in any part of the interior of China, and apparently have forbidden native merchants to buy coal from the Syndicate at the pit's mouth.\n\nAs leading up to this, I am to explain that some five months ago the Syndicate's mines in Honan for the first time began to yield a considerable output of coal, which was finding a ready market partly by distribution through our agents to towns as far north as Peking, and at intermediate places along the Peking-Hankow Railway, and largely also by native merchants coming and obtaining their supplies direct from the mines. Everything promised that at last the Syndicate was about to reap the reward of many years of perseverance. In December of last year, the Governor of Honan sent three deputies, being members of what is termed the Honan Bureau of Foreign Affairs, to discuss and settle with Mr. Brazier various minor points arising out of the original Agreement of `1898`. These points were practically all satisfactorily disposed of, and an Agreement in ten clauses was drawn up and signed. By clause 3 of this Agreement, the Syndicate undertook not to open depôts for the sale of coal in the interior in its own name nor in the name of its European sale agents. Mr. Brazier signed this, subject to the approval of the Board, and on assurance that no obstruction or impediment would be put in the way of native merchants buying direct from the mines. This assurance, verbal at first, has since been confirmed in writing by the signature of an additional clause to the Agreement in the following terms:-\n\n\"If native merchants wish to come to the mines to purchase coal, they are in no way to be interfered with; and, should such occur, local officials are to investigate and punish, and that the Governor is to be asked to order the local officials to issue notices to this effect.\"\n\nWhat has happened since to cause the Governor to go back on the Agreement signed by his own deputies, my Directors can only surmise, but the probability is that it is the result of local agitation fomented by officials and others interested in native mines. Reports of local opposition have recently reached my Directors from time to time, but as the Syndicate's officials have hitherto been on most cordial terms with all the local officials, and as we employ a large amount of native labour, we did not doubt but that the opposition would soon die out. But whatever the cause may be, the attitude now taken up by the Governor, and supported, it would appear, by the Wai-wu Pu, is contrary to the whole spirit of the Agreement, and would be absolutely fatal to the success of the Syndicate. The right to work coal necessarily implies the right to sell it, and the grant would be meaningless without such right. If the Chinese Government had intended to limit the Syndicate to such coal as we might export by sea or even sell at the Treaty ports, especially having regard to the fact that the mines are situated some 500 miles inland, they should have said so at the time, and it is submitted that it is too late now to raise the objection. Moreover, it is evident that this is a mere afterthought, because only so late as three weeks ago the Governor's own deputies signed the Agreement above mentioned, undertaking that all native merchants should be free to buy direct from the mines. My Directors respectfully submit that he must be held to this as final and conclusive.\n\nIt is unnecessary to labour the argument farther, but my Directors would remark that in the case of three other foreign Companies working coal in China, no restriction is put on the free sale of their produce to native dealers. One is the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company, which my Directors are informed disposes of more than half its output to native buyers; another is a mine on the ...",
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    {
        "id": 425936,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-367 - Acting Governor May - 1910 [6-7]",
        "page_number": 306,
        "title": "CO129-367 - Acting Governor May - 1910 [6-7]",
        "content_text": "CO\n\nCopy.\n\nHon. Colonial Secretary,\n\n23927\n\nEnclosure 1.\n\nRECO\n\n304\n\n4 AUG 10\n\nIn my opinion Mr. Williams is a clever man,\n\nand energetic in certain directions. But he has not shown\n\nsufficient steadiness nor perseverance in his work to enable me\n\nto call him a good schoolmaster. I believe however that if he\n\nhad a strong man immediately above him, he would do very good\n\nwork.\n\nApart from his teaching powers he is very unmethodical, and I must add, careless. Sir Matthew Nathan was\n\nnot favourably impressed with his work when he was organising Secretary of the Technical Institute. The appointment was\n\npractically taken from him and given to Mr. Ralphs.\n\nI have had to report Mr. Williams for the\n\nmuddle he made by not paying his bills as they came in.\n\nMr. Williams in this connection brought a charge against me which he has not proceeded with. I do not want\n\nto make too much of this as he wrote what he did in a fit of\n\nexasperation very probably at being bothered with bills and\n\nexplanations while on leave. But I certainly think he should\n\nbe called on to substantiate or withdraw his letter before he\n\ngets fresh employment in the Civil Service.\n\n(Sd.) Edward A. Irving,\n\n22nd. June, 1910.",
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    {
        "id": 443857,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-402 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 295,
        "title": "CO129-402 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "## Translation\n\n### Enclame 2 in 28.7\n\n#### in quema's Secret Deep. of 28 July 1813\n\nis not relevant to the rest of the content and appears to be a misplaced or unrelated snippet.\n\n\n### Extract from Chung Kwok Yat Po, Canton, 11th December, 1912\n\n#### Perseverance of the Chinese in the boycott of the Tramway\n\nA letter from our correspondent in Hongkong reads as follows:-\n\nNow that the Electric Tramway Company refuses to accept Kwong Tung Silver coins and rejects all Chinese coins in payment of the Tram fares, accepting only Hongkong Silver, a measure which ever shows deliberate hostility against the Chinese, and disregard of the fact that on them mainly depends the commercial prosperity of the Colony, the Chinese residents there have now promoted a boycott of the Tramway, which is the only means available of marking their displeasure, and impose penalties on all those who travel on the electric cars, with the result that since the proposal of the scheme no Chinese have travelled by the Tramway. Recently we learn that a certain Government is helping the company in carrying out the above measure, and the company has issued to the various Chinese detectives and their families more than 1,000 free tickets, which entitle them to board and alight from any car at any time and at any place, with a view to leading ignorant people to believe that the Chinese have given up their boycott of the electric trams. Therefore of late 4 or 5 Chinese can be seen on every car, but in reality it is but a trick to induce the Chinese to travel by the tramway.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-402 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [7-8].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 445808,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-406 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "page_number": 279,
        "title": "CO129-406 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "content_text": "6\n\nHis Excellency von Müller: It is a true pleasure for me, in my capacity as Delegate of Germany, to support the proposition which the First Delegate of France has just made and to second the nomination of Mr. CREMER as President of the Second International Opium Conference.\n\nMr. Cremer taking the presidential chair delivered the following address:\n\nGENTLEMEN,\n\nYou have kindly named as President of this Opium Conference, the first Delegate of the country which has the honour to receive you in this city for the second time.\n\nGentlemen, I am greatly honored and I trust that I may prove worthy of your confidence, although I should have preferred to see in this place the worthy and conscientious President of the First Conference, the Right Reverend CHARLES H. BRENT.\n\nI accept this office with much more confidence as the task devolves upon me of offering in the name of the Second International Opium Conference the Honorary Presidency to His Excellency Jonkheer R. DE MAREES VAN SWINDEREN, Minister for Foreign Affairs, who, I am sure, will kindly lend me his support, as he has done for my predecessor.\n\n(Applause).\n\nFurthermore, our task during the First Conference was more onerous; we had then strictly to formulate the principles and the desires that compelled us to endeavor to solve the international problem of the abuse of opium, morphine and cocaine and to relegate the use of these drugs to the exclusive field of medicine. We had then to formulate a convention which, while considering the different interests, should be acceptable to all nations.\n\nNow we have the limited task of considering the ratification of the Convention of January 23, 1912.\n\nThe signatures of all the invited Powers not having been obtained, we should proceed to consider the possibility of depositing, nevertheless, the ratifications of the signatory Powers.\n\nWe hope, Gentlemen, that notwithstanding the difficulties that we shall have to overcome, our perseverance, our patience and our faith will lead us to victory. And if we do not reach it at once, let us remain not only \"apostles of hope\" as my eminent predecessor has called us, but let us demonstrate our conviction that the increasing abuse of soporifics can only be effectively fought by the cooperation of all the civilized nations.\n\nThe President said that he considered it his first duty that the following message be sent to Her Majesty the Queen of The Netherlands. \"The representatives of the countries, assembled at The Hague for the Second International Opium Conference, have the honor to express to your Royal Majesty their appreciation of the gracious reception extended to them in the City of Your Majesty's residence, as well as the homage of their very respectful devotion\". (Unanimous applause).\n\nThe President proposed that French be adopted as the official language, as at the first Conference, and that the proceedings be recorded in that language. The use of other languages, however, shall be authorized in the Conference.\n\nThis proposal was adopted.\n\nUpon the proposal of the PRESIDENT, the Conference designated the following to compose the Secretariat:\n\nDr. J. A. A. H. DE BEAUFORT, Chief Clerk of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Secretary-General.\n\nMr. H. PETITPIED, Consul of France at The Hague. Secretary;\n\nMr. H. VAN DER MANDERE;\n\n7\n\nJonkheer A. W. L. TARDA VAN STARKENBORGH STACHOUWER, Assistant Recorder of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs;\n\nMr. L. G. VAN HOORN, Honorary Attaché of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs;\n\nMr. L. WERY;\n\nAssistant Secretaries.\n\nThe President proposed to set to-morrow, Wednesday, at eleven A. M. for the next meeting.\n\nAfter some discussion, in which His Excellency Mr. Jorje Huneeus, His Excellency Mr. Ferreira, His Excellency Mr. Marcellin Pellet and the President participated, it was asked if anyone desired to make further proposals.\n\nDr. Hamilton Wright, remarking that some Delegates had only just arrived and were not familiar with the subject, proposed that the next meeting be set for Thursday at 2 P.M. Rules and a program should be prepared to facilitate the deliberations and to render them of greater value.\n\nHis Excellency Mr. Yen approved the American proposition.\n\nThe President said that there was a very noticeable difference between this Conference and the preceding one, for which rules and a program were necessary. The object of the present Conference is only to decide the question of ratification and for this reason a Committee on Program does not appear at all necessary,\n\nDr. Hamilton Wright agreed that perhaps a Committee of Program is not necessary but observed that the possibility that one Government would be ready to ratify while another would be desirous of first modifying the Convention should be considered.\n\nSir William Collins concluded from the words of the President that the Conference is assembled to consider the method in which Article 28 of the Convention should be followed. It did not seem to him at all necessary to nominate a Committee on Program as had been done in the Conference of 1911-1912. He suggested that the discussions be commenced on Wednesday afternoon, and that the matter of daily sittings could then be considered.\n\nDr. Hamilton Wright withdrew his proposition and expressed himself in entire accord with that of Sir WILLIAM COLLINS.\n\nMr. Archer proposed a modification to the effect that the meeting be at half past two. This proposal submitted to vote was carried by twenty affirmative votes and one abstention, that of Portugal.\n\nThe meeting was adjourned at three forty-five P. M.\n\n278",
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        "document_key": "CO129-406 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "page_number": 295,
        "title": "CO129-406 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "content_text": "294\n\n38\n\nHis Exc. Jonkheer de Marees van Swinderen said:\n\nI reascend this platform to conclude, in a few final words, the deliberations of this Conference feeling more confident than ever that the task of civilization to which you have devoted such energy will be realized in its widest conception and that the contingency foreseen in the last of the clauses which the Conference has seen fit to express, is only the logical result of the wise and careful foresight which has governed your labors. From your deliberations has arisen a certain conviction that the honor of the whole world is at stake; that to err in the means of obtaining the consent of all the Powers of the world would be equivalent to dimming the lustre of modern civilization.\n\nYou have quite rightly believed this consent, this common accord, to be indispensable if the Convention is to have the desired effect, but you have also shown unshaken faith in the triumph of the ideas and principles which have guided you in the formulation of these rules and regulations, by motives of material interest in the separate elements of which that better union of humanity is composed. The great forward step that we have made is that doubt as to the depth of our individual intentions has disappeared and that we are all convinced that we are united and allied in the further peaceful campaign that we must undertake to convince the delinquents.\n\nYou have been so kind as to entrust the direction of this campaign to the Government of the Netherlands. It will assume this task with enthusiasm and perseverance but not without the strongest appeals to the efficient assistance of all the other participants. As early as to-morrow we will undertake the task and nothing will be left undone in order that you may learn, before the end of the year, that the signatures are all obtained and that the whole world shares in the work of the Opium Conference.\n\nLet us disperse, Gentlemen, strong and confident in the firm intention to contribute toward the accomplishment of this hope.\n\n(Great applause.)\n\nWith permission of the President I declare the Conference closed.",
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        "id": 450951,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-416 - Public Offices - 1914",
        "page_number": 533,
        "title": "CO129-416 - Public Offices - 1914",
        "content_text": "## 526 \n\n2 \n\nwhich the traders belong. A perusal of Sir John Jordan's despatches of the 3rd and the 12th January has confirmed us in this opinion, and we now proceed to set forth for your Lordship's consideration a more detailed statement of our views.\n\n5. We desire to state at the outset that we are not unmindful of the difficulties which recent events in China have created, and that we look back with appreciation to the patience and perseverance with which Sir John Jordan has hitherto endeavoured to secure the observance of treaty engagements and just treatment for the Government and traders of India.\n\n6. We take as our starting point the situation with which we had to deal in the correspondence ending with our telegram dated the 25th July, 1913, regarding the proposed revision of the agreement of 1911, to which we now invite your Lordship's attention. The position then was that, owing to the persistent bad faith of the Chinese Government and to the impossibility of securing the observance of their treaty obligations, our opium trade with China had come to an abrupt and premature end, leaving about 21,000 chests lying uncleared in the treaty ports. The Chinese Government were anxious that the fact of the cessation of our trade should be formally recognised, and that we should bind ourselves never to export opium to China again. In consenting to co-operate in the revision of the agreement, our one paramount interest was the protection of the owners of those stocks, which had been legitimately imported under the 1911 agreement but had not yet entered into consumption in China. We considered it desirable, therefore, to make use of the fact that under that agreement we had the right to export opium to China till the end of 1917, and, in barter of that right, to obtain a formal recognition of China's responsibility as regards the stocks. It was with this object that we suggested, in our telegram of the 25th July, the manner in which the agreement should be revised, and it was with much satisfaction that we learned that our suggestion had received the entire approval of His Majesty's Government, and that, in the Foreign Office despatch No. 287 dated the 29th September, 1913, the British Minister at Peking had been instructed to inform the Chinese Government that an essential condition, preliminary to any recognition that the opium trade was at an end, should be \"an unequivocal and prominent declaration with adequate guarantees that China accepts liability for the complete and early disposal of the stocks.\" We observed also that this condition had been duly communicated in Mr. Alston's memorandum of the 3rd November, 1913, to the Wai-chiao Pu. We were entirely unprepared, therefore, for the line taken in the Foreign Office despatch No. 352, dated the 5th December, 1913, which spoke of making a virtue of necessity, and discussed, with no apparent disfavour, the removal of this liability from the Chinese Government. We will now, with your Lordship's permission, examine the reasons which, so far as they are known to us, have been advanced for the weakening of the attitude previously adopted.\n\n7. It is represented that the presence of the opium stocks at Shanghai and elsewhere has impressed the Chinese reformers with a deep sense of wrong, and that they resent the way in which their efforts to secure the extinction of the opium habit in China and the suppression of native cultivation are hampered by the fact that foreign opium continues to be sold under the protection of a treaty with a foreign Power. The implication, we understand, is that humanitarian reasons call on India to add one more to the sacrifices which she has already made for the moral regeneration of China. On this point, we would respectfully invite attention to the opinion of Sir John Jordan, who, in paragraph 2 of his despatch No. 2, dated the 3rd January, 1914, has expressed a doubt as to whether the re-exportation of the stocks would really facilitate the effective suppression of opium in China or hasten, to any appreciable extent, the attainment of the object for which the previous sacrifices have been made. We completely share this doubt, and would add that the withdrawal of the stocks would accelerate the removal of the only remaining lever which the British Government possess for co-operating in the extinction of opium smoking in China. Our conclusion, then, is that even if India were in a position to repurchase the stocks, the sacrifice would be likely to prove ineffective, if not actually harmful to China.\n\n8. But, apart from the question as to whether the proposed measure will conduce to the moral benefit of China, we are asked to assent to it as a matter which involves the good name of Britain. We have given our very careful attention to the arguments contained in paragraph 4 of Sir John Jordan's despatch No. 2. His Majesty's Government are asked whether they are prepared to face the moral obloquy of being associated any longer with a trade which is conducted under discreditable conditions, which exists practically on sufferance and by means of threats, and which will expose us to certain criticism and reproach for another eighteen months. We beg leave to observe that the embarrassment which attaches to the opium trade is no new discovery. If opium were an ordinary article of trade, we do not imagine that India would have been obliged to forego, as she has, a large and lucrative revenue, or that the British Government would have felt obliged to acquiesce in the wholesale violation of their treaty rights. If it be a fact that the conditions under which the trade is now carried on are markedly less satisfactory than formerly, we would reply that this is solely due to the action of those \"reformers,\" both Chinese and foreign, who conceive that a movement which is characterised so largely by breaches of international faith is one that will conduce to the moral uplifting of the Chinese nation. As for the possible charge of moral inconsistency which might be brought against His Majesty's Government for actively urging the ratification of The Hague Convention, while fostering and upholding in China a trade which the mere act of ratification must tend to extinguish, we submit that Sir John Jordan has overlooked the fact that the whole object of that convention, and the reason for the delay which has ensued in its ratification, have been to ensure that the participating Powers move pari passu. The Chinese Government have hitherto professed to do this but have largely failed, and it has always been open to them, by effectively closing a province to native opium, to ensure that Indian opium shall not be sent there. So far as public morality is concerned, we think that the British Government may well be content to be judged by the events of the past decade.\n\n9. We come, therefore, to the argument that this measure is desirable in order to obtain the good will of the leading classes in China. It is urged that the state of public opinion in China on the matter of the opium stocks causes grave prejudice to British interests. Looked at from this point of view, the proposal may be described as one based on expediency, and was evidently regarded as such in the Foreign Office despatch No. 352, dated the 5th December, 1913, which spoke of the spontaneous withdrawal of the stocks as an act which would give this country a great opportunity, not only of restoring confidence in the Chinese, but of securing fresh markets for British trade. If it were our concern to examine the soundness of this proposition, we might venture to doubt whether there is sufficient reason to suppose that China will feel any real or lasting gratitude for a measure which she must know has been forced on the British Government by her own activities and by concomitant circumstances in England. It is, however, our duty to point out to your Lordship that the desirability of wooing the favour of the Chinese public is not an argument which will appeal to the people of India, where public opinion is not less articulate than in China, and is vastly more susceptible to being influenced in directions injurious to the British Empire. In our opinion, the knowledge that a burden was being placed on Indian taxpayers for the benefit of British trade would provoke a situation not less grave than that recently evoked by the question of the treatment of Indians in South Africa. We anticipate that every section of public opinion, moderate and extreme, European as well as Indian, would unite in denouncing a policy which, if candidly presented, would be regarded as initiated on the representations of private individuals in England and adopted by the British Government, against the protest of the Government of India, with a view to helping British trade in China at the expense of Indian revenues. The subsidiary argument that the measure now proposed was based on humanitarian motives would not be credited, while the explanation that the act was one of reparation, due to the Indian Government's sins of commission and omission, would, as we shall shortly proceed to show, not be in accordance with facts.\n\n10. As matters are at present, it is not without difficulty that we have been able to satisfy public opinion in this country regarding the loss of revenue which India has sustained by the closing down of the China trade. On more than one occasion during recent years, non-official members of our Legislative Council have voiced the demand that the revenues of India should receive compensation for the sacrifices entailed by the adoption of a policy dictated from without. The contention is one which is difficult to meet, and in paragraph 25 of our despatch No. 64 of the 21st February, 1907, Lord Minto's Government strongly endorsed the opinion that, in certain circumstances, India would have a case for compensation. In paragraph 14 of their despatch No. 257, dated the 28th October, 1909, they again pressed the claim of the Indian taxpayer on His Majesty's Government. We have hitherto, indeed, refrained from formulating any definite proposal to this effect, as the policy of progressive restriction, embodied in the Agreement of 1911, aiming at the total extinction of our trade with China, received our consent and co-operation. The view we adopted, and to which public expression was given by his Excellency the Viceroy, in a speech in the Legislative Council on the 29th March, 1910, was, that the sacrifices which had been made were in the interests of China.\n\n3",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 64,
        "title": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "Page XX\n\nThe original text appears to be a jumbled collection of words and characters from different languages. After reordering and correcting the text, the following coherent passage emerges:\n\nOh, the mother who has 30 Karor sons (children) and is covered with wounds. Her hairs are stuck up in mud. The blood is shooting out from her veins. Her orphan children are dying for bread. Is there anyone who could shut his eyes on seeing these sufferings? Don't you see that the mother is crying? Her sons are hanging on the scaffold. Some are suffering in penal servitude in thick rough clothes. The children are being whipped with canes. Why are you quiet on seeing all these? Why should all our fortune and riches go to our enemies and why should our power and money be useful to the English? Are we hirelings? How long will the others keep on riding on our backs and take advantage of our sacrifices? Have we lost all the moral and human beauties? Why are we friends to enemies and enemies to friends? How long will it continue?\n\nCome and assemble sufferers of these atrocities, assemble in the name of justice and right under the flag of Ghadar and proclaim your humanity and freedom.\n\nBrethren, the road is difficult and the time is fleeting, study ways of administration, collect your power, sacrifice your riches and use your energy in spreading all sorts of work far away and then with a great effort attack the fort of tyranny and slavery. Strike, strike, the hammer on iron as long as it does not turn to be red, keep on hammering till the iron turns in the shape of steel in fire. The wounded lion again wounded becomes more infuriated and attacks with double strength than before.\n\nThis world is for trial, Cowards; get back Hero: march forward and quench the thirst of Ghadar by flowing your blood like fountains. Sepoys of Ghadar, there are many things to be accomplished yet. The enemy has more money and power than the friend, therefore do everything unanimously. Be cautious and listen to advice, don't be arrogant, acquire the best discipline as our enemy is down on a mischief and he is putting all sorts of accusations on good men. He will do the same in future, therefore we should not refrain. The enemy should not be given a chance of misunderstanding our nameless position. Well, We are ready to help you in the open field and up, salute to you to exercise more perseverance in the 3rd year of Ghadar and preach sedition.\n\nPage XX",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 482,
        "title": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "announcement will be made, especially in China, of the admirable opportunities that are here available, and encouragement given to such students to equip themselves more thoroughly for their return to work.\n\nThe examination, both oral and written, again revealed the commendable perseverance of the students, and the care which had been shown in their training by Mr. Drake and Mr. Lan. I would, however, once more draw attention to the need of adopting some method for the improvement of enunciation. If, at the outset, a few lessons in Phonetics could be supplied, the work of teachers and students would be simplified, and greater accuracy of pronunciation ensured.\n\nIn Division II, three students were examined, two of whom obtained a place in the first class, and one in the third class.\n\nIn Division III, five students were examined, of whom one takes a place in the first class, three in the second, and one in the third.\n\nIn Division IV, eleven students were examined, one of them, Mrs. Kan, being a Chinese, born and brought up in Java, who is surely a unique instance of an adult Chinese learning Chinese for the first time in England. In this Division, the very excellent number of seven students obtained a place in the first class, three in the second class, and one in the third class.\n\nThe method of marking recommended in my last year's Report has this year been adopted, a maximum of thirty per cent of the marks being given for work done during the year, as shown by the students' notebooks. Thirty per cent, maximum marks are given for the oral examination, and forty per cent for the written papers. The result is shown in the Pass List given on the next page.\n\nIn conclusion, I can only repeat what I said last year, that, remembering the fact that the students have only their evening hours for study, their progress can only be regarded as remarkable, reflecting every credit not only upon Acting Professor Drake, and his Assistant, Mr. Lan, but upon the students themselves, to whose ability and diligence the Pass List gives evidence.\n\nLONDON, June, 1914.\n\nW. E. SOOTHILL\n\nPage 13\n\nPASS LIST.\n\nThis List shows the actual number of Marks obtained by each student.\n\n(Maximum 100).\n\n  \n    DIVISION II\n    Teroi Work\n    Oral Exam.\n    Written Exam.\n    TOTAL\n    Class\n  \n  \n    L-C FARNWORTH\n    25\n    38\n    35\n    88\n    I\n  \n  \n    P. G. KNAPPETT\n    20\n    29\n    34\n    83\n    I\n  \n  \n    A. P. SUTHERLAND\n    5\n    23\n    25\n    53\n    III\n  \n\n  \n    DIVISION III\n    \n    Oral Exam.\n    Written Exam.\n    TOTAL\n    Class\n  \n  \n    H. NORTON\n    20\n    15\n    ...\n    ...\n    I\n  \n  \n    A. F. CALDWELL\n    ...\n    23\n    10\n    33\n    II\n  \n  \n    A. G. PEASLAND\n    15\n    ...\n    ...\n    33\n    II\n  \n  \n    R. I. VINT\n    ...\n    ...\n    ...\n    ...\n    ...\n  \n  \n    J. M. SPENCE\n    25\n    37\n    36\n    98\n    II\n  \n  \n    ...\n    24\n    31\n    22\n    77\n    ...\n  \n  \n    ...\n    20\n    3\n    ...\n    ...\n    ...\n  \n  \n    ...\n    ...\n    2\n    3\n    ...\n    ...\n  \n  \n    ...\n    $2\n    ...\n    ...\n    ...\n    ...\n  \n  \n    ...\n    ...\n    ...\n    ...\n    74\n    ...\n  \n  \n    ...\n    ...\n    ...\n    ...\n    65\n    ...\n  \n  \n    ...\n    ...\n    ...\n    ...\n    56\n    ...\n  \n\n  \n    DIVISION IV\n    \n    Oral Exam.\n    Written Exam.\n    TOTAL\n    Class\n  \n  \n    D. B. NEWCOMB\n    30\n    28\n    36\n    94\n    I\n  \n  \n    B. F. HALL\n    30\n    28\n    35\n    93\n    I\n  \n  \n    GWENDOLINE KAN\n    25\n    30\n    35\n    90\n    I\n  \n  \n    E. JENKINSON\n    23\n    28\n    36\n    89\n    I\n  \n  \n    R. MACFARLANE\n    21\n    28\n    38\n    89\n    I\n  \n  \n    J. O. G. STUART\n    25\n    28\n    34\n    87\n    I\n  \n  \n    H. D. SWANSON\n    20\n    28\n    33\n    81\n    I\n  \n  \n    D. R. EBBS\n    18\n    27\n    34\n    79\n    II\n  \n  \n    H. R. OTTY\n    14\n    20\n    34\n    78\n    II\n  \n  \n    I. Srkes\n    5\n    26\n    34\n    65\n    II\n  \n  \n    A. MITCHELL\n    5\n    22\n    29\n    56\n    III\n  \n\nJuly, 1914.\n\nW. E. SOOTHILL.\n\n479",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-441 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 352,
        "title": "CO129-441 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "347\n\n52 BRITONS V. GERMANS IN CHINA\n\nIn regard to Aniline Dyes, we have to admit that in this branch the Germans obtained considerable success. By reason of the excellent co-operation between manufacturers and merchants, they were able to do a huge trade in China in conjunction with their practical monopoly of this trade in other parts of the world. By dint of great perseverance, and extensive propaganda in up-country districts, they managed to convince the Chinaman that it was to his advantage to buy synthetic Indigo in preference to cultivating the native article. This provided them with a background for a good and profitable business in all sorts of dyes and other chemicals. One grudges them this success, and the various reasons why our manufacturers were unable to compete have been freely discussed in England. This is probably an instance where we had better admit at\n\nNo\n\nBRITONS V. GERMANS IN CHINA 53\n\nonce that we have been fairly beaten in a fair fight. It may, however, be remarked that the energy and organisation employed in order to bring about their success has not been more extensive or thorough than the trade campaigns conducted by the British American Tobacco Co., and certain British Oil and Milk Companies. In these cases an equal measure of success has been attained.\n\nIn the matter of the export of Chinese produce such as Ginger, Hides, Cassia, etc., the Germans obtained control of the trade to quite a remarkable extent. The Tea business is still mainly in British and Russian hands, but we had been frozen out of a great deal of trade in the other products. Although practically the whole of the business was financed through London bankers, the Germans, by cutting prices, and, to give them due credit, by a certain amount of diligent application to the",
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    {
        "id": 469737,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917",
        "page_number": 611,
        "title": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917",
        "content_text": "18\n\nreturn for his assistance. The German house therefore receives 50 per cent. of its claim, say 500, and a further 500l. in return for its services, or, in other words, the claim of 1,000l. is paid in full, Dutch merchants have also been known to take similar action. Such dishonest practices are rendered possible by the fact that long experience has proved to both merchants and bankers the advisability of accepting a compromise rather than place the native in the bankruptcy court, which takes anything from four to six years to wind up a native estate.\n\nThis unsound system of long credits has been the main factor in building up the German trade in the archipelago. It has enabled the local enemy merchant to compete to some extent in the distribution of British piece goods, as he was able to extend his sales to a wide circle of speculative, financially weak dealers, and he relied upon his own acumen and sharp practice, together with the help of his home banks, to extricate himself should financial difficulties arise. The position of the British shipper from Manchester was secured, inasmuch as under the system he received cash against documents in London or Hamburg, but the local British merchant on the spot suffered.\n\n2. The most formidable competition experienced from German houses has been in heavy engineering, machinery, iron, steel, and hardware generally. Germany largely controls the imports of these articles, and British firms, so far, have competed at great disadvantage. In the past 30 years representatives of German sugar machine works have secured a very large portion of the important trade in supplying the equipment of local plants. This has been due partly to the very easy terms of payment allowed, which often extends over several years, but is largely attributable to the fact that the Germans quoted and supplied exactly what the mills required, and their representatives were able to supply many more details than the ordinary British salesman, who had often very little experience, and frequently attempted to force would-be purchasers to take standard patterns and dimensions instead of quoting for local requirements.\n\nA typical case is the celebrated German firm of Orenstein & Koppel, Arthur Koppel, which maintains its own branch in Java, and conducts a large trade in light railways, iron, and steel. This firm frequently delivers from stock one or two locomotives, and has usually some 2,000 to 3,000 tons of rails in its godowns. A large business is done in light railways, bridges, and other supplies for sugar plantations and factories, and these goods are sold on credit at terms extending to as much as five years. The goods are shipped from Germany, free of finance, and remittances are made direct to the Deutsch-Asiatische Bank through their local agents, Messrs. Behn, Meyer & Co. In like manner the agents for Krupps do an immense business in railway material, bridges, iron and steel, &c. Recently their stocks were upwards of 8,000 tons in Sourabaya alone, and they are reputed to have power at any time to undercut in price any local firm desirous of entering into competition. A large trade is handled by the sole agents for Mannesmann tubes, Messrs. Linde, Teves & Co., who have branches at no less than seven ports throughout the islands. The metal and hardware import is largely in the hands of Carl Schlieper & Co., of Remscheid, and is conducted through their Java branch.\n\nBritish manufacturers cannot hope to compete in this business after the war unless they are prepared to adopt an expansive policy, to treat their agents on more liberal terms, and in return to insist on the pushing of their interests throughout the Outer Possessions as well as in Java. They should be prepared to send out expert representatives to adopt a more liberal policy of sample consignments, to revise their catalogues and literature in accordance with the needs of the buyer, and above all they should be prepared to grant credit in cases of large contracts where there is reasonable security, such as is the case in the sugar and other factories. The granting of credit in such cases is on a very different plane to that accorded to unstable dealers in piece goods and sundries. The British Eastern banks have not looked with favour on such schemes in the past, because they are exchange banks pure and simple, and rely upon exchange rather than upon interest for their profits, but this would appear to be a case where a State bank of the nature of that recommended by Lord Faringdon's Committee might be of distinct advantage. With the expansion of tea and rubber cultivation of late years among the islands, the gradual development of the Outer Possessions, and consequent extension of means of communication, the Dutch East Indies are likely to become a still more important market for machinery and plant of all kinds. It is hoped that, after the war, German finance will be very much crippled, and consequently the elaborate system of credit, which has been her mainstay in this important field, will probably require to be curtailed. This will afford an opportunity for British manufacturers to develop their schemes of expansion and at the same time, it is hoped, will remove the more objectionable features of the trade.\n\n3. The control of the import of aniline dyes and synthetic indigo has been used by the Germans as a lever to further the sales of their piece goods and other commodities. The total imports of dyestuffs into Java in 1912 amounted to 250,000oz. This trade, in itself, was a lucrative one for the local German houses, inasmuch as no financial risks were entailed, and very full commissions were granted by the dye manufacturers. The Germans, however, utilised their monopoly to the fullest extent by declining to sell their dyes to the native dealers except in conjunction with sales of textiles or other imported articles. It should be noted that the bulk of the imports of grey and bleached fabrics and yarns into the islands are afterwards dyed by the natives, while for the peculiar process of \"batticking\" (i.e., native printing with wax) a wide range of shades is demanded. The staple trade in textiles is therefore dependent upon an adequate supply of dyestuffs. Native indigo and other vegetable dyes are obtainable at cheap prices; but these cannot compete with the imported synthetic dyestuffs:—\n\n(1) In the case of plain, direct dyeing, by reason of the longer process required;\n\nand\n\n(2) In the case of batticking, on account of the limited range of shades obtainable.\n\nEven with the present exorbitant prices for synthetic dyestuffs, native dyes are only used as a stopgap.\n\nIt is only to be expected that, after the war, Germany will be forced to utilise her superiority in dye production to the greatest advantage, but it is hoped that some alleviation of the situation may be obtained from British dye manufacturers. The two principal colours required in Java are aniline red and indigo.\n\n4. Two distinct features of German trade have been the zeal with which German merchants have stimulated the export of miscellaneous articles of produce, and their readiness to reside and work up a business in the more remote island ports, which are at present in the early stages of development. These characteristics are noticeable throughout all the markets of the Far East. The two forms of activity go hand-in-hand, and are prompted by the following considerations:—\n\n(1) British and other European merchants already control a large share of the trade in the main ports, which are largely developed, and where competition is the keenest.\n\n(2) The undeveloped portions of the various markets offer the greatest field for expansion, and if only an export trade can be secured in their produce, the return trade in imports is bound to follow.\n\n(3) Throughout the Far East it is precisely the miscellaneous articles such as oil-bearing seeds, copra, hides, &c., which have found a ready market on the continent, and the result has been the shifting of the entrepôt trade in these products from London to Hamburg, Rotterdam, and other continental ports.\n\n(4) It is realised that having established a sound trade without serious competition, and by dint of considerable perseverance and endurance—for residence in the undeveloped portions of the Far East entails a lonely life, and the absence of most of the amenities and many of the comforts of civilised existence, and here I speak from considerable personal experience—their position will be sufficiently strong to make a bold bid for the bulk staple trade in the great ports.\n\nThis tendency towards the decentralisation of German efforts to the Outer Possessions has been successfully carried out for some years. A notable example is the case of Macassar, the capital of Celebes, which is rapidly increasing in importance, and is keenly competing with Singapore, particularly in copra. German activities are most noticeable, and these have been stimulated by the excellent service of N.D.L. steamers to Singapore, and by the fact that the German-Australian line made it a port of call in order to attract the direct shipments of produce, and to divert the trade from the Straits. The Dutch are actively co-operating in the development of the more backward islands by a system of improved steamer connections under the flag of the Royal Packet Company. In 1913 there were only three British residents in\n\n19\n\nC% \n\n606",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917.txt",
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    {
        "id": 479689,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-454 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 105,
        "title": "CO129-454 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "## Page 101\n\n\n\n## Page 102\n\n9850 ** \nJ Byrotorİ SOVETQUi ilo \nO9IZUOTI ZOGC WOL TA NI 89IDILBĮ ČŠ OB90 \n83 Ho To 290icu \n20 \n\nNC KB- \nPGʻ VOLIUC CN \nBAN MOM GÅ vridt wij afloat \nMALIZAINER.M \nLF JFGHỌ of ven and kel KI \nwis crib or dad voltmntoure drzavic and \"¢ Brodnom v OM WIA \nLys Mr Siden harde, (vforslisquint zolowa stOF \ninda mBan S10 mes et reisi eno 16ÜLIEJIOD \nLETE YO TLC) te aset r di zodin be wild to BLAViedni \nunion en 1917 2 236 *Canib 1290 antyi 19ły 8 HơnÌ CAT \n9fque ad in! to doon\" () \"180 chlubi ent où cent yď \n1:41. 29İJnų suma 13 Birs of Tofty \nJEG v. ILO. „BÁ O arimec \nLIE MJI TOVE LAN Jɛiv año ou \n.IS LJETTI TO \nDelnit nose gand \nKOCOVAL Z Mitudel one II JÚNÍ 9782 \n3. \naniet, exiting onŰ 986i 1904 \nJAGUAR 10 Mi Jolvise où turn ago SUNİ JET US \n\n... \n\nFCIBEL \nCHEL \nJUAL \nCBGA O \n6 \n29:0621 9:4 IR ATEA UNU \nUN ATHEISILg our Beenter f \nnotjaniduco est \nand idem coldarútmus ni \n.Toted \n2191 ORO DES VICI to „ntcnized erit \nChinoisd ano) cannuusI \nDON TIL Re \nbest a de no lo izogço ni Stivɔ4 où tu AB \nare of junkAISVOD, “MCA Judija Tegelson BOTi net you \n\n-3- \n\nat Sam Shui Po used by Tack On and Tung Hing. The old Companies also reduced the fare to three cents. In November 1917 the pier was destroyed. The old Company applied for permission to rebuild this pier or erect a new one but this permission was refused. The Sze Youk Company continued the service using a pier which belongs to Li Ping, a member of the Syndicate in opposition. The old Company had to discontinue a regular service save that, when the tide suited, they ran to the Government Stone Pier at Sam Shui Po. They are still using it but can only get 5 or 7 times a day instead of 24 times for each launch when the regular service existed.\n\nTo summarize; a proper launch service, running at regular intervals, was first started by Wong Lan Sang, who now represents the combination, as far back as 1902, since which time improvements have been effected from time to time by the addition of new and larger launches and by alterations to old launches at enormous costs. After having undergone many vicissitudes, including losses sustained for many years due to keen competitions and to the depreciation in value of Dragon copper cents, and including the two typhoons of 1906 and 1907, the first of which destroyed or damaged about eighty per cent of their launches, the combination began to reap the reward of their enterprise and perseverance only a few years ago; and it would be very hard if, on mere allegations made against them by a few persons who are desirous of ousting them, regulations were introduced which might deprive them of their regular business, upon which thousands depend for their livelihood. It should not be forgotten that it is to some extent due to the enterprise and perseverance of the combination that the Yau-ma-ti, Mong Kok and Sam Shui Po Districts have become popularised.\n\n-8-",
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    {
        "id": 479694,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-454 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 110,
        "title": "CO129-454 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "## \nshould be effective and not contingent or illusory.\n\n5. Our clients submit to the Government, as they submitted to the Committee, that no objection, public or otherwise, is to be gained by putting the ferries up to tender for the three years in question. Our clients concede to the Government, as they conceded to the Committee, that when the time comes for new vessels to be called for, they cannot complain if the service is then put up for tender since the provision of such new vessels will make the ferries a new enterprise involving a new outlay of capital so that our clients, if the successful tenderers, would have to make a fresh start and, provided they are then given a preference if their tender is about equal to other tenders, our clients will have no ground of complaint.\n\n6. Our clients submit, as they submitted to the Committee, that both justice and common sense are against the ferries being put up to tender during the short period, estimated at three years, when it will be impossible to build new launches. Any objects to be served by putting them up to tender can equally be served by doing so when new vessels are called for.\n\n7. We enclose a history of the ferries since first our clients began to organise them in 1902. Our clients submit that this history reveals a record of industry, of organising skill, and of perseverance in carrying on and improving a much-needed public service of which any European concern might well be proud. A poor encouragement to risk capital for the benefit of the public is afforded by the present proposal to give to others the opportunity of reaping the pioneer's reward.\n\n8. We enclose an estimate of the receipts and expenditure in respect of the ferries which are to be expected during \n\n-2-",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-454 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [4-6].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 481522,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "page_number": 254,
        "title": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "content_text": "247\n\nadmiration the self-denying part which Great Britain had taken in that work, and the untiring energy with which the suppression of cultivation and import had been pursued by both parties to the Agreement of 1911. For his part, he had no intention of allowing the fruits of the past years to be sacrificed if any solution could be found.\n\nHis Excellency stated that he had already given orders for the stoppage of further sales at Shanghai, and that he was ready to consider with me the question of the disposal of the opium. His one wish would be to burn it publicly, but he pointed out that that step would be most embarrassing in the present fiscal state of China. The bonds had actually been made over to the merchants, and matters had gone so far that cancellation of the agreement would involve great practical difficulties.\n\nI then told his Excellency that, in order to relieve China of the financial burden and ensure a clean and honourable end to the opium question, we should be prepared to take over the opium at 3,000 rupees a chest and remove it out of China. He expressed warm appreciation of the offer, but repeated that the huge financial obligations into which the previous administration had entered with the Combine were extremely embarrassing. He promised, however, to consider the whole question, and in the meanwhile he agreed, at my request, to instruct the foreign Customs to resume control of the stocks, and to prevent their removal from the godowns in which they were stored.\n\nOn the following day I received a note from the Minister for Foreign Affairs, of which I have the honour to enclose a copy, informing me that the President had issued an Order strictly forbidding the sale of opium, and that it had been decided to fix a date on which the remaining stock of 1,200 chests would be destroyed in the presence of Chinese and foreign officials and gentry.\n\nShould this decision be carried into effect the Chinese Government will sacrifice stocks for which it has issued bonds of the value of some 5,000,000 taels, of 1,250,000l. at current rates and which, if sold at the rate of 16,000 taels a chest, would have realised 4,800,000l. The former sum represents the balance between the face value of the bonds issued and the amount already realised for stocks which have been sold since the purchase of the opium from the Combine.\n\nI can express no opinion as to the ultimate fate of the bonds. Their market value is now quoted at 36 per cent., but their redemption will no doubt present difficulties if the Chinese Government pursues to a conclusion the dramatic destruction of its last holdings of foreign opium.\n\nI have the honour to enclose copies of two Presidential mandates announcing the decision of the Government to destroy the stocks, and exhorting the people to afford loyal co-operation in bringing to a conclusion the cultivation and consumption of opium in China.\n\n(Copy to India.)\n\n(Translation.) Sir,\n\nEnclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\nWai-chiao Pu to Sir J. Jordan (apparently identic.)\n\nNovember 19, 1918.\n\nI HAVE the honour to address your Excellency on the subject of the purchase of the surplus stocks of opium at Shanghai.\n\nAs the time appointed for the complete suppression of opium in China had already elapsed, but large quantities of drug still remained in the Customs bonded godowns at Shanghai the Chinese Government, with a view to safe-guarding the interests of the foreign merchants, concluded an agreement with the latter for the purchase of these surplus stocks, intending to use them in the manufacture of medicine. This transaction subsequently became the object of protests from Chinese merchants and citizens; remonstrances were also received from several friendly Powers. His Excellency, the President, resolved that the eradication of the evil must be fully carried out, accordingly issued an order strictly forbidding the sale of the opium. The Cabinet Council, likewise animated by this desire, has to-day decided to fix a date on which the 1,200 odd chests of opium remaining above the 300 chests already sold will be destroyed in the presence of Chinese and foreign officials and gentry who will be able to see that the whole quantity is disposed of.\n\nThe Government is taking this bold course and cheerfully facing a sacrifice of an immense sum of money in order to dispel the doubts and fears which have been entertained in China and abroad, and I do not doubt that the news will be received with great satisfaction by all countries bound to us by ties of friendship. I avail, &c. (For Minister for Foreign Affairs.)\n\nCH EN LU.\n\nEnclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nPresidential Mandate ordering Destruction of Purchased Opium. THE recent purchase of the opium stock by the Government was mainly for the purpose of manufacturing it into medicine relieving the difficulties of the merchants. Although careful considerations have been made and strict restrictions are being enforced regarding its consumption, it is feared that the existence of this root of evil will more or less affect the anti-opium policy. The Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Finance are hereby ordered to ascertain the exact quantity of the stock. With the exception of what has been released to the contractors for sale the remaining stock shall be taken back by delegates specially despatched by the said Ministries and stored at the Maritime Customs to be burnt and destroyed at a fixed date. The burning and destroying of this stock shall be supervised by the said special delegates jointly with the local authorities and the Commissioners of Customs, &c., so that the matter may be dealt with carefully.\n\nDecember 4, 1918.\n\nEnclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nPresidential Mandate.\n\nTHE evil effects of opium are very great. Several mandates have been promulgated in the past, and strict regulations enforced for the suppression of the drug. These have been vigorously carried out in the provinces, and good results have been produced. Nevertheless, in trying to remove a social evil serious difficulties are often experienced, the slightest neglect in carrying out the prohibition orders always encourages the foolish people to return to evil practices again. Hence there is danger wherever the investigation is relaxed. In our present anti-opium campaign we are glad to observe that the whole nation has shown great perseverance, and our friendly nations have lent us their help most enthusiastically. If, in spite of this, the Government's order is secretly ignored, how can we hope to reform our internal administration and maintain our national prestige? Now we are making efforts to reorganise our administration, and it is sincerely hoped that all evil practices will be stamped out so that we may enter a new life. By mandate issued lately all the opium stock recently purchased will be burnt and destroyed at Shanghai. As the Government does not regret the throwing away of a large sum of money in this way its sincerity and vigorous efforts in carrying out the anti-opium policy should be evident to all. Hereafter all citizens of the Republic should understand that the evil of opium affects the whole nation, and none should attempt to disobey the Government's orders. All those who used to smoke opium in the past and have since rid themselves of the habit should make up their minds to be free from the evil forever. Secret plantation, transportation, and sale of opium are in violation of the orders for the suppression of the drug. Everyone should respect the laws of the country, so that he may not throw himself into misery. All the local officials who are responsible for the enforcement of the Government's orders should instruct their subordinates to make investigations and bring all those who violate the law to justice, Any official who fails to do his duty in enforcing the anti-opium measures shall be reported to his superior from time to time, and severely punished in accordance with law. I, the President, always have the welfare of the people at heart, so I do not find it tedious to give exhortations again. The ancient sages say \"In stamping out any evil the root must be eradicated\"; and \"a man should rid himself of all his evil habits in order that he might enter a new life.\" All the people in the country should try their best to improve themselves.\n\nDecember 5, 1918.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 488593,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 334,
        "title": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "## 13\n\nThose who are not yet in school should be about 30,000, the cost of educating them on the same basis would be not more than $300,000 per annum, including presumably the cost of supervision.\n\nIn order to be able to carry out this work successfully, it might be necessary to find trustworthy bodies willing to undertake the work under the control of the department. A further need would be normal classes for the purpose of training the teachers on proper lines in suitable centres.\n\nTaking the number of scholars as 30,000, and the average number of scholars taught by one teacher as thirty, it would mean that one thousand teachers must be found. This would involve a great task in the way of training, before the teachers were up to what may be regarded as Government standards, but with patience and perseverance the task could be accomplished. The work need not wait on this account, as teachers could be trained as they are at present, while doing their work, perhaps in evening classes.\n\nCompulsory education is not yet *un fait accompli* in Canton or elsewhere in China, but it is in the minds of many, and Hongkong cannot afford to be behindhand in such a matter. It has been pointed out that this Colony has been a pioneer in education, and it should retain that position, being a leader rather than a follower. As mentioned above, there is a strong body of people in Canton and in the province generally whose aim is to introduce compulsory education. They see that a country cannot advance much without education, and so are awake to the need for this.\n\nThe present is a very good time for starting such a system in this Colony; many Chinese are ready for such a movement, and the Census has just been taken and from the results of that, it will be possible to get a fairly accurate estimate of the number of children of school age in the Colony. It would be easy to fix ages for the purpose of education as all Chinese ages are changed at the Chinese New Year. Chinese 8-16 would approximate to English 6-14 years of age.\n\nIt would be possible to inform all people coming to the Colony hereafter that they must make provision for the education of their children. There might be difficulties in the matter, but they would not be unsurmountable.\n\nBy means of such a system, children who were bad could be tried out in different schools, and dealt with so that they might not be a menace to the peace of the Colony.\n\nIt is not likely that many children would be brought to the Colony in order to secure the benefit of such primary education as is mentioned here, and the condition that might be imposed on new arrivals, to provide for the education of their children, would be an effective barrier.\n\nThese remarks are offered as a preliminary statement for discussion in connection with the problems of the child life of Hongkong.\n\nHongkong, 10th May, 1921.\n\n(Sgd.) H. R. WELLS.\n\n## 19\n\nMeeting held on the 23rd May, 1921.\n\n**THE HON. MR. E. A. IRVING, DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION**\n\nMade a statement on.\n\n**ATTENDED AND GAVE EVIDENCE.**\n\nMr. Irving: I am not quite clear as to what particular point I am asked to... The most striking point of this document is the suggestion that we should have compulsory education here. Well, Sir, if it were suggested to make education here compulsory to-morrow or next year, the following main points would have to be considered. In the first place, we should have to know how many children were not in attendance at our schools, which information we shall get as soon as the census report is published. It has been suggested by Mr. Wells, I do not know whether his guess is correct or not, that the number of school-less children is 30,000, and if we take this high figure, it will mean that we shall have to have something like 1,000 more schools, allowing 30 children to a school.\n\nThe first point to be considered is the money. I have been working at some figures as to what the cost of the Government's assistance should be to schools—'assistance', for I recognise that a certain amount should, under existing circumstances, be raised from fees, but if education is going to be made compulsory, I do not see how fees can be charged. However, taking my figure on the basis of children subscribing something, I would put the cost of teaching these 30,000 children at $100 each a year, and that to begin with is $300,000 a year. The next point to be considered is the question of housing these schools. It would need 1,000 classrooms. That would trench somewhat severely on the housing accommodation of the Colony, and this seems to me, in the present shortage, a very serious point. However, that is not a point in which I, as Director of Education, am very much interested.\n\nNow, to come to more technical points, is the question of staff. At present, I find the chief obstacle to vernacular education is the shortage of teachers. I have long impressed this view on the Government, and that is why two normal schools were opened, one for girls, which I hope by the end of next year will be turning out something like 40 teachers annually. That, however, would be quite insufficient to deal with a sudden demand for a thousand teachers, and we should have to depend upon teachers without any experience or training whatever, many of whom would no doubt be worse than the worst in the existing schools, and this is saying a great deal. I do say that unless you can supply teachers reasonably trained, the pupils in your new schools will profit very little.\n\nA further point is the question of inspection, and this is a very serious point indeed. I have at present two excellent inspectors, one happens to be a Chinese, a graduate of Cambridge, but English or Chinese, men with the necessary qualifications are not easy to get. They must have a good education, a knowledge of the theory of teaching, and, before they are of any particular use, a very thorough knowledge of Hongkong schools; I mean they must know what can be expected of such schools, which they can only learn by visiting hundreds of them, and they must personally know the actual teachers in the various schools.\n\nBefore I heard anything about this Commission, I wrote to Government that we were in a precarious state, because I had only two Inspectors to cope with the great increase both here and in the New Territories, and in the event of a breakdown of either of them, we should be in great difficulties, and I have asked the Government to provide next year for one additional man or possibly two. But my real difficulty is to get such men, and if it was a question of doubling or trebling the work in Hongkong (and compulsory education would mean more than doubling and trebling), I have simply not got the men and I do not know where I could get them.\n\nThese are the principal difficulties I should have to face when introducing compulsory education in Hongkong. In the first place, there is the money to be provided; in the second place, there is a lack of schools, teachers, and inspectors.\n\n## 327",
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    {
        "id": 489342,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 490,
        "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "# \n487 \n\n2 \n\nThe same applies to currency reform. The currency of the country, which I am told was showing signs of progress last year, has shifted back under the disorder of this summer, but the very fact that it has done so has accentuated the strength of public opinion, and I can only hope that the coming year will see some definite step taken towards the establishment of a central mint in Shanghai, the ground for which I was recently told by the Minister of Finance has already been acquired. A unified currency for the whole country would be an unmixed blessing for everybody.\n\nI see you are to discuss the question of the Russian and ex-German concessions at Hankow and Tien-tsin. I had not intended to say anything on this subject as coming under the category of political issues about which, by a long-standing and very sound Foreign Office ruling, His Majesty's representatives are debarred from airing their views in public, but the day before I left for Shanghai, at an interview with the Minister for Foreign Affairs, his Excellency invited me to tell the conference that the Chinese Government had no wish or intention to cause the slightest injury to British interests by their action under the Presidential Mandate in substituting Chinese for Russian authority in the Russian concession, and if ever I had any reason to complain that British interests were being adversely affected, he would always be ready to listen sympathetically with a view to meeting the difficulty. I think, gentlemen, it may be of interest to you to hear this, and I may add that I propose to take his Excellency at his word.\n\nI will not weary you by commenting on all the proposed resolutions. There are many experts among you who will state, in a more practical way than I can, their views and their suggestions for constructive work.\n\nI will only refer to two other subjects which are upon your agenda, namely, opium and the new consortium.\n\nIn regard to the former, as you all know, His Majesty's Government made sacrifices of revenue entailing vast administrative changes, which are evidences of our good faith to China and to the world, and of our earnest desire to abolish all traffic in the drug. It must not be forgotten that China also made great sacrifices when she destroyed existing stocks of opium in the country. Unfortunately, political unrest has caused a recrudescence of the cultivation and sale of opium in this country, but I believe that public opinion both in China and the British Empire is pledged to the ultimate elimination of the opium evil. I am glad, therefore, to see that you are considering this question and will be able to suggest some practical measures to meet the present difficulties.\n\nThe new consortium has now been formed, and by it the Powers concerned have definitely set their face against indiscriminate loans to China for administrative or non-productive purposes. The consortium is designed to build up the strength of the country, to assist in the re-establishment of internal peace, and to forward the productive development of this great country in the interests of the Chinese people. Let us hope that this will be realised by the better-informed and more thoughtful members of the Chinese communities throughout the country, and that public opinion will gradually recognise the value of the consortium and give solid support to its aims.\n\nI can assure you that the resolutions of this conference will receive the most careful consideration of His Majesty's Legation and of His Majesty's Government, to whom they will be forwarded, and that everything possible will be done to give effect to such constructive proposals as you are able to lay before us.\n\nI have only this morning received from Sir John Jordan a message by telegram, which he asked me to convey to you. It reads as follows:-\n\nPlease accept my heartiest wishes for a successful meeting. I have the happiest memories of your last conference, of fruitful discussions, and wise resolutions which gave authoritative expression for the first time to collective needs and aims of British trade in China. The value of your annual conferences is fully recognised here, and your deliberations will be watched with the keenest interest.\n\nAt the same time, I am given to understand that your deliberations were followed with no less interest by the Chinese. That interest, I have little doubt, will grow rather than diminish.\n\nIn conclusion, gentlemen, let me thank you again for your welcome. I recognise in that welcome a tribute not to me personally, but to the position which, for the time being, I have the honour to occupy, though I fear that, with my four months' experience of China, I am but a poor substitute for your last year's president, with his forty years' acquaintance with this country. But you may rest assured that the never-failing interest which Sir John took in the development of our commercial position in China has become a tradition which will be respected and followed for all time by His Majesty's Legation.\n\n## NEW TENDENCIES IN CHINA.\n\nThe following are passages from the very interesting speech made at the opening session of the conference by His Majesty's Commercial Secretary of Legation, Peking, Mr. Archibald Rose, C.I.E.:—\n\nI have recently returned from a tour of the provinces lasting over two months, and have met most of the Chinese who are playing leading parts in the Government, industry, and finance of the country. I cannot express too strongly my sense of the change which is coming over China, of the developments which I notice since last I made any prolonged tour in the interior. In the province of Shansi, I found a regular army of soldiers constructing a road which will run from one end of the province to the other. All along the railway lines, I found chimneys going up and industries established under a purely Chinese Administration. At many of the interior towns, I found roads being built, municipal works established, an unexpected mobility of capital, and men doing their business on entirely new lines. There can be no doubt that a real development has set in in China and among the Chinese.\n\nI could not but be impressed with the thought of a changing China. As in politics and diplomacy, so in industry and commerce, one was conscious of the stirrings of that spirit of revolt against foreign ascendancy which the impact of western civilisation provokes sooner or later among the people of the east. I realised that the Chinese had brains and practical ability and adaptability in a high degree, and that they are turning their attention to western methods in a way which we hardly realise when we are living in the midst of the foreign communities in China. Much of their work is naturally in an experimental stage, handicapped by lack of technical knowledge and a little crude, but I am convinced that, before many years have passed, we shall see great Chinese merchant houses and great Chinese industries springing up all over the country, and that they will play no unimportant part in the world's trade.\n\nI do not believe that these developments are creating any anti-foreign feeling, rather the reverse. With a better understanding of foreign trade and of the mutual interests involved in it, the Chinese seem to me to be more ready than ever to work with us, to learn such things as we may have to teach them, and to give us the benefit of their local knowledge, believing that trade is most successful and most profitable when both parties to the bargain are content. The spirit of the moment, in fact, is one of co-operation: the Chinese are now willing to co-operate with us, to work with us rather than for us, and I think that we should go half-way to meet them.\n\nI should like to say a word too about aviation and wireless, two commercial enterprises which have recently been started in China and which have met with a good deal of criticism and misunderstanding. It is argued, not without reason, that such luxuries are premature in a country where financial stringency and undeveloped transport appear to indicate the wisdom of a more conservative policy on the part of the Chinese. But we must remember that the Chinese will have such luxuries, that they will obtain them somewhere and on some terms; that there is a real possibility of putting them to practical use, and that it is not practicable, even if it were desirable, to dictate to China what is good for her. Nations learn such lessons best for themselves.\n\nBritish manufacturers and merchants have sold to the Chinese a good deal of material both for wireless and for aviation. It seems to me that our part is to work with patience and perseverance; to see that goods bought in England are used productively, effectively, and in the interests of the country that has bought them. A great wireless station has just been completed at Urga in Northern Mongolia. The expert who superintended the erection assures me that his Chinese mechanics did their task with wonderful efficiency and created a world's record in point of time.\n\nAs to aviation, His Majesty's Government has placed at the disposal of the Chinese Government one of our most distinguished aeronautical experts, and China has undertaken that the aeroplanes now being delivered will be used for commercial purposes only. I understand that a mail service between Peking and Shanghai is being planned by the Chinese Government.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 491333,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921",
        "page_number": 326,
        "title": "CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921",
        "content_text": "MAIN SHOP AND CENTRAL DEPOT.\n\nEXTERIOR VIEW TOWN DEPOT.\n\n10\n\nTHE\n\nDAIRY FARM\n\n\"TRESA* \n\nMAIRY PRODUCE\n\n=\n\ninnumerable, into one of the big scientific dairy farming successes in the East, an institution supplying not only the dairy food requirements of Hong Kong and South China, but, thanks to the extensive shipping facilities of the port, distributing its products to almost every part of the globe.\n\nAt no point, owing to the irregular \"lie of the land,\" can the eye take in the extent of the Farm. Until aeroplanes visit Hong Kong, we must content ourselves by saying that the best view of the farm is obtained from the sea. The visitor rounding the south-west corner of Hong Kong by steamer is impressed by the white buildings dotted like mushrooms on the green slopes of the hill. Closer acquaintance reveals the boldness of the conception which thus charms the eye from a distance. The animals have been housed wherever it was possible to level a site, and that which gives the verdant appearance to the farm is not the extensive pastures one would naturally associate with a dairy farm, but patches of guinea grass planted by hand on the steep hillsides, and carefully tended as a necessary variation to the imported diet of the live stock. The farm occupies the best site, in spite of all its drawbacks, that the Island affords. Its south-westerly exposure enables it to enjoy whatever cool breezes there are during the semi-tropical summer, and sloping seaward is admirably drained and is entirely free from such contaminating influences as are invariably met with in the neighbourhood of populous cities. Stout hearts and unlimited confidence have triumphed over many difficulties. Phoenix-like, the Dairy Farm has risen from the ashes of early misfortunes to stand to-day a magnificent monument to perseverance, and an institution worthy of the great and progressive Colony from which it takes its name and which it serves so well.\n\nA WATER-FALL AT POKFULUM.\n\n11\n\n322",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 491351,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921",
        "page_number": 344,
        "title": "CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921",
        "content_text": "BOILER HOUSE AT LAI-CHI-KOK,\n\na submerged condenser, and a tank refrigerator operating a brine system. The ice tanks are constructed on the plate system and have a capacity of 180 tons. The ice produced by this system is absolutely pure and of crystal clearness. The six cold storage rooms have a capacity of 60,000 cubic feet and are so equipped as to meet all the varying requirements of the cold storage business, any temperature being maintained as may from time to time be necessary. In addition the reserve capacity for cold storage requirements at this establishment is 14,000 cubic feet,\n\nTHE LAI-CHI-KOK PLANT.\n\nThis comprises two 250 H.P. boilers and two sixty-ton refrigerating capacity ammonia compressors.\n\nThe ice manufactured at Lai-chi-kok is can ice. It is made in 300-lb. blocks. There are two tanks of twenty tons capacity and one of fifteen tons capacity. The ice is made from pure distilled water, passed through charcoal filters and finally through a special filter cloth before going to the ice cans, thus ensuring pure clean ice. The ice is pulled and packed into two ice stores, and from there it is passed down shutes on to the wharf and loaded into a steamboat fitted with an insulated hold for conveyance to the Company's depôts, and to shipping in the harbour.\n\nThere are two large freezing rooms, the capacity of both being 88,770 cubic feet (one 33,645 cubic feet and the other 55,125 cubic feet) with a reserve of as much again. There is also a chilling room. All the cold stores are worked on the direct expansion system.\n\nEXTERIOR VIEW OF\n\nICE WORKS AND COLD STORES AT LAI-CHI-KOK.\n\nMEAT PACKING AND BUTCHERY\n\nDEPARTMENT.\n\nOwing chiefly to climatic reasons, great difficulties were experienced in producing the made-up and finer products of this line of business. Sausages of all kinds, brawns, corned and smoked meats, hams, bacons, etc. were experimented with but could not be produced with success and many experts gave the task up as hopeless. Eventually, however, perseverance was rewarded. All difficulties were overcome, and now expert European supervision, modern machinery and conveniences enable the department\n\nPage 46\n\nPage 47\n\n340",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 492385,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 315,
        "title": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "269\n\nColonial Secretary but he returned the same to your Petitioners' Solicitors with the intimation that your Petitioners' claim was largely based on loss of future profits and that the Hongkong Government would not consider the same.\n\n11.\n\nYour Petitioners submit that a perusal of the Petition forwarded on the 7th day of April 1919 and the documents sent therewith will show beyond question that your Petitioners built up the Ferry Service by their own industry, organising skill, and perseverance in the face of many disappointments and without any assistance from the Government. That the business which they carried on was a legitimate commercial enterprise and that they were entitled to be allowed to enjoy the fruits of their labour. That the Ferry Services were brought to a considerable state of efficiency through your Petitioners' efforts and that to a large extent the demand for such services was increased by the satisfactory nature of the services supplied by your Petitioners. That on the 31st day of December 1918 the goodwill of your Petitioners' business was worth at least $250,000 and that had they in the year 1918 sold their business as a going concern they would have been entitled to at least that sum in respect of the goodwill thereof.\n\n12. Your Petitioners desire to draw attention to the fact (which appears from the original Petition) that the Government of Hongkong expressly stated that in passing the Ferries Ordinance the Government was not actuated by any idea of obtaining revenue. It will be seen however from Messrs. Lowe, Bingham & Matthews' report that the present concessionaires of the Ferry Service pay to the Government for the privilege of running the business which was created and built up by your Petitioners an annual sum of no less than $118,800.\n\n4\n\n13.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 496901,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-483 - Others & Individuals - 1923",
        "page_number": 147,
        "title": "CO129-483 - Others & Individuals - 1923",
        "content_text": "# King Edward VI School, TOTNES, S. DEVON, 10th July 1919.\n\nMiss D.M. Kirkham, B.A., has been an Assistant Mistress in this school since January 1918. Her chief work here has been the teaching of Mathematics to the middle forms of the school, with some History, English, and Class Singing. All this has been done to my entire satisfaction. As a Maths teacher, Miss Kirkham has done excellent work with her classes; her lessons are interesting, and she is able to maintain firm discipline without friction. She has handled large classes of boys for the singing lessons very well.\n\nShe is well liked by her colleagues and is popular with the boys. She is a pleasant colleague, keenly anxious to do her best both in and out of school. It is at her own wish that she is leaving my school, and I part from her with regret. I may add that during her stay here Miss Kirkham completed the work for her B.A. degree, which in itself bespeaks the possession of determination and perseverance.\n\nMiss Kirkham qualifies her to take any post that is wanted in that capacity, and as she has also a pass degree in Latin, Mathematics, English, History, and French, she could, if needed, take work in those subjects. She is keen and, moreover, distinctly gifted. I have consecutively clearly given, and her work is marked by breadth of view and originality.\n\nI shall at any time be glad to answer any inquiries about Miss Kirkham.\n\nYours faithfully,\n\n(SIGNED)  \nJ.O. Hanks, B.A.  \nHeadmaster.  \n143  \nPage 143",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-483 - Others & Individuals - 1923.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 548287,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935",
        "page_number": 105,
        "title": "CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935",
        "content_text": "Page 2.\n\n105\n\nIt not infrequently happen that a second ship is ordered to raise steam to go to sea to assist, and aircraft despatched to search the Coast.\n\nIt is, of course, known that in all probability the defaulting ship is quite safe, but these matters cannot be left to chance.\n\nDuring a recent patrol, between the 4th and 8th April, the destroyer on patrol had twice to increase speed to 26 knots to intercept ships which had failed to report, entailing a very large (and unnecessary, as events proved) expenditure of oil fuel. During her patrol the destroyer steamed 678 miles. To take the case of the Anti-Piracy Officer alone, during the first ten days of April he was called between thirty and forty times between midnight and 6 a.m. to deal with cases of failures to report, with their aftermath of executive orders to the patrol vessel. On many occasions both I personally and other officers on my staff have been called during the night to make decisions and arrangements.\n\nThere may, of course, be occasions when ships are unable to make their reports owing to atmospheric conditions; and this is the excuse usually put forward, though it has been noted when this excuse has been made that other ships on the same route have managed to make their reports correctly. Bluntly, I feel that more perseverance on the part of the wireless operators and, in certain cases, a considerable improvement in the whole organisation would reduce the number of failures appreciably, and I request that the necessary steps may be taken.\n\nI append a summary of the failures to report which have occurred since 1st January 1935:\n\n  \n    Indo-China Steam Navigation Company\n    23\n  \n  \n    Douglas Steamship Company\n    2\n  \n  \n    Jhinna Navigation Company\n    Nil\n  \n  \n    Remaining Companies\n     \n  \n\nYours faithfully,\n\nCOMMODORE.\n\nPage 2.\n\n \n105\n\n(End of Page)",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-3 Anti-piracy measures 7-3-1935 - 4-11-1935.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 552360,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-559-17 Dysentry Epidemic- report- etc. 11-11-1936 - 26-11-1936",
        "page_number": 8,
        "title": "CO129-559-17 Dysentry Epidemic- report- etc. 11-11-1936 - 26-11-1936",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No.1.\n\nI have caused to be laid on this table (a copy will be found in the portfolio of each Honourable Member and there are a number of copies on the Press Table) a Report by the Director of Medical Services on an Epidemic of Dysentery caused by the Shiga Bacillus.\n\nThat epidemic has resulted, as we all know to our sorrow and consternation, in the deaths of eight little children; and our sympathy with the parents who have suffered this inconsolable loss is deeper than any words of mine can express.\n\nA number of the bereaved have sent me a request, which has been published in the Press, for the appointment of a Commission of Inquiry with the object of ascertaining the answer to four questions. It is because I feel myself in a position to answer those four questions as well as could any Commission of Inquiry, and without the inherent delay, that I have decided to make a statement supplementary to the Report of the Director of Medical Services.\n\nThe first of the questions is \"What was the source of the infection?\" Inasmuch as the food and drink consumed by the patients prior to their illness was not analysed, and was not subsequently available for analysis, the source can never be proved. Those who are conversant with the limitations of inductive logic and with scientific method will recognize that from obtainable data there can emerge nothing more than reasonable inference. From the data on which the Director of Medical Services has based paragraph 14 of his Report I have inferred, exercising my reason to the best of my care and conscience, that the main immediate source of infection lay in milk (probably in a single batch of milk) supplied from the Farm Depot of the Dairy Farm, Ice and Cold Storage Co., Ltd.\n\nWhat may have infected the milk seems to me a problem incapable of solution by a Commission of Inquiry; it requires rather active professional and technical investigation; and this is already being prosecuted along three main lines, (a) search for a human carrier of the disease among those who manipulate the milk, (b) search for possible contamination by water, and (c) search for possible opportunities for contamination by flies.\n\nThe second question is \"whether the Dairy Farm Company's 'Nursery Milk' was pasteurised prior to the epidemic\". The answer is in the negative. Since the 15th November, however, the Company has pasteurised all its deliveries.\n\nThe third question is \"whether any or all of the deaths could have been prevented had the authorities taken immediate precautions when the epidemic was first notified on or about the 7th November, 1936\". The answer is again in the negative. The epidemic was not in fact notified, because dysentery is not a notifiable disease; but, even if it had been, such notification could not have prevented fatalities which have been confined to children who were taken ill on the 8th November and to one connected case.\n\nThe fourth and last question is as to \"whether any action is contemplated by Government to prevent a recurrence of this or any other type of epidemic\". I am not prepared at this juncture to state that any particular measure is contemplated, for that would imply that a decision has already been taken. I do state however that certain measures are under consideration and will form the subject of early reference to my Executive Council. One is the compulsory pasteurisation of milk. I am aware that there is some medical opinion against it, and the pros and cons will need to be carefully weighed; and they will be carefully weighed. In the meantime the only pasteurisation plant known to me in this Colony, that of the Dairy Farm Company is, as I have already stated, being applied to all their deliveries. Another measure under my consideration is for the statutory notifiability of dysentery. Arguments against it emerge from the Report now on the table; nevertheless the question must be thrashed out before a definite conclusion is reached. Thirdly I am determined to prosecute any line of precaution, compatible with common sense and with our financial resources, which may be indicated by the results of the threefold investigation which I have already adumbrated, and which may be summed up in the three words carriers, water and flies.\n\nIn conclusion I feel it my duty to utter a few words of caution. Public analysis of all food and drink is impossible; it can only be an analysis of samples and, whatever the method and frequency of selection employed, the samples can never be representative of the whole supply. Secondly the results of analysis, and still more of bacteriological examination, do not come to hand until after the substances, of which samples are analysed and examined, have been consumed. Thirdly however comprehensive and drastic sanitary regulations may be, and however great the vigilance of the Sanitary Authority, there will always be those who break the regulations and go undiscovered. When there is discovery it may often be after harm has been done. Local methods of agriculture are known; the conditions obtaining in our, now happily doomed, Central Market are known. From personal inspection and collaboration I am satisfied that our Medical and Sanitary Service is an efficient machine manned by an able and untiring crew. But however great their efficiency and perseverance, and however many statutory or other implements and equipment we may add to their armoury, honesty compels me to confess that I cannot foresee the day when the principle of \"caveat emptor\" can be safely abrogated in its application to the purchaser of comestibles in this Colony.\n\nPage 2\nPage 3\nPage 10\nPage 11",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-559-17 Dysentry Epidemic- report- etc. 11-11-1936 - 26-11-1936.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 564066,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "page_number": 29,
        "title": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "content_text": "# 32\n\nthat General Abe's son was recently married to the daughter of Marquess Kido, the outgoing Minister of Internal Affairs. There is thus a further close family connexion between the new Prime Minister and circles in close touch with Prince Konoe.\n\n5. The other members of the new Cabinet, in which the Prime Minister will concurrently hold the portfolio for Foreign Affairs, are as follows:—\n\n| Position | Name |\n| --- | --- |\n| Minister of Internal Affairs | Mr. Naoshi Ohara |\n| Minister of Welfare | Mr. Naoshi Ohara |\n| Minister of Finance | Mr. Kazuo Aoki |\n| Minister of War | General Shunroku Hata |\n| Minister of Marine | Vice-Admiral Zengo Yoshida |\n| Minister of Justice | Dr. Chogoro Miyagi |\n| Minister of Education | Mr. Kakichi Kawarada |\n| Minister of Commerce and Industry | Vice-Admiral Takuo Godo |\n| Minister of Agriculture and Forestry | Vice-Admiral Takuo Godo |\n| Minister of Communications | Mr. Ryutaro Nagai |\n| Minister of Railways | Mr. Ryutaro Nagai |\n| Minister of Overseas Affairs | Mr. Tsuneo Kanemitsu |\n\nAs reported in my telegram No. `1132` of the 30th August, the formal installation took place on the afternoon of that date.\n\n6. Vice-Admiral Yoshida was from the outset mentioned as the most likely candidate for the post of Minister of Marine, and it seems that this was actually the case. He is said to have been marked out for his present post for some years; he belongs to the same school as Admiral Yonai, is a man of moderate views, and has, it appears, kept himself free from definite association with any particular faction in the navy.\n\n7. The choice of a Minister of War seems to have caused some difficulty, and the names of Lieutenant-General Kensuke Isogai and, later, of Lieutenant-General Hayao Tada, were at first freely mentioned in connexion with this key post. Both these officers, however, now hold important posts in the Kwantung army, and it appears to have been mainly for this reason that recourse was had to General Hata. From our point of view, it is doubtful whether the choice could have been a better one, for it is safe to say that had he not been in favour in Court circles, he would not have been given, as recently as May of this year, the post of chief aide-de-camp to the Emperor. On the other hand, both General Isogai and General Tada are known to belong to the more reactionary section of the army, and it will be recalled that as Japanese military attaché at Peking from 1935-36, the former was the author of many aggressive statements on the subject of Japan's policy towards China. I may add that the new Minister of War was, it is generally supposed, specially selected to command the Japanese forces in Central China upon the recall early in 1938 of General Iwane Matsui, it being said that he was regarded as particularly suited to this command at a time when it was necessary to restore discipline to the Japanese army of occupation after the excesses accompanying the fall of Nanking.\n\n8. Of the civilian members of the Cabinet, three, namely, Messrs. Aoki, Miyagi, and Kanemitsu, have not previously held a ministerial post. The first two are both Government officials who have served principally in the Ministries of Finance and Justice respectively, over which they are now called upon to preside. Little is known at this embassy of either of them. Mr. Kanemitsu is a politician; he was formerly a member of the Seiyukai, but withdrew from the party upon his appointment in 1937 to be vice-president of the House of Representatives. He will now represent the Seiyukai in the Cabinet, it being understood that he owes his selection to the fact that the party is in the position of a house divided against itself. In this connexion, I have the honour to refer your Lordship to my despatch No. `371` of the 17th May last. There are still no signs of a rapprochement between the \"reformist\" and \"orthodox\" sections headed by Mr. Nakajima and Mr. Kuhara respectively, and the new Prime Minister has thus extricated himself from a difficult position by choosing a representative of the party from neither.\n\n9. The other four members of the Cabinet have all had previous experience in administrative work, two of them, namely, Vice-Admiral Godo and Mr. Ohara, having previously held the portfolios now entrusted to them. Mr. Kawarada has formerly held office as Minister of Home Affairs, and it is interesting to note he is known to have very close connexions with the family of Prince Konoe. Mr. Nagai, who represents the Minseito, and Vice-Admiral Godo are both from the same province as the new Prime Minister, a fact which is not without importance in this country, and one which may have inspired the wish expressed editorially by the Asahi some days ago that an end might be put to the practice of selecting Ministers from personal considerations.\n\n10. As I had the honour to report in my telegram No. `1134` of the 30th August, the new Cabinet has been received by the press without enthusiasm. The Nichi Nichi, for instance, in a leading article in its issue of the 30th August, says that what is required in order to effect a refreshment of the public mind (to the necessity for which Baron Hiranuma referred in explaining his resignation) is to eliminate the anxiety of the nation as to the causes of the frequent changes of Cabinet at a time when it is engrossed upon the China incident. The nation could not be indifferent to changes unless each succeeding Cabinet was stronger than the last. No comparison could be drawn between the administrative ability of the new Prime Minister and that of either Prince Konoe or Baron Hiranuma. The former was immensely popular, and the latter was well known as a statesman close to the throne and as the holder of definite views. From the point of view of practical politics, popularity might not be of great importance, but it was desirable that the Cabinet should be headed by a man who was known to the people and stood high in their estimation. There was, however, no suggestion that the nation would not support the new Cabinet.\n\nThe Chugai looks upon the new Cabinet as yet another continuation of the Konoe and Hiranuma administrations, although it points out that in one respect it has an advantage over that of Baron Hiranuma, since under the latter, the policy of Japan vis-à-vis Europe took shape and this has now been liquidated; The new Cabinet is therefore in a position to make a new start and to show its ability in this direction. The Hochi is openly sceptical of General Abe's qualifications as a statesman; while the Kokumin says that no improvement in politics can be hoped for so long as the system under which members of the outgoing Cabinet interest themselves in the formation of the next continues.\n\nAs stated in my telegram No. `1162` of the 3rd September, I am not personally very favourably impressed with the new Cabinet, and it appears to be the general feeling that it is by no means a strong one. Herein, I think, lies the danger of the present position. The German betrayal of the spirit, if not of the letter, of the Anti-Comintern Pact, has been a rude shock to the country. It has also caused the military party and the reactionary elements who were exerting every effort to force the Hiranuma Cabinet into an alliance with the Axis Powers a serious loss of face. But it would be idle to pretend that this indicates any radical change in their feelings towards ourselves. This is not the case, and I am convinced that a large section of the people of this country are now deeply imbued with a sense of animosity towards ourselves. In conversation with a member of my staff some days ago, a well-known journalist said that although by tradition and upbringing he had formerly been friendly to Great Britain, he now felt it his duty as a patriotic Japanese to regard her as Japan's worst enemy. I fear that similar sentiments permeate many sections of the Japanese people to-day, and it will require hard work, caution, and perseverance if we are to remedy this unfortunate and dangerous situation.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nJ. L. Dodds.\n\n# 33",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 564240,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "page_number": 203,
        "title": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\nJanuary 17, 1939\n\n## SECTION 2\n\n[F 508/14/10]\n\nCopy No.\n\n**Sir A. Clark Kerr to Viscount Halifax.-(Received January 17, 1939.)**\n\n(No. 968.)\n\nHIS Majesty's Ambassador at Shanghai presents his compliments to His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and has the honour to transmit to him a copy of despatch No. 110 from His Majesty's Consul-General, Shanghai, dated the 10th November, 1938, respecting the Japanese occupation of Hankow.\n\nShanghai, November 24, 1938.\n\n### Enclosure\n\n(No. 110.) Sir,\n\nActing Consul-General Whitamore to Sir A. Clark Kerr.\n\nHankow, November 10, 1938.\n\nTHE scenes of loyalty to the generalissimo and of genuine if subdued elation which attended the Double Tenth Celebration gave no indication that the occupation of Hankow by the Japanese would be completed in little over a fortnight. Soon after the middle of the month, however, it had become evident to intelligent Chinese in Hankow that the fall of the city could no longer be delayed and the impetus of evacuation along the western road to Shasi was greatly augmented. Looking back, it is possible to analyse the factors which played their part in the Chinese decision to evacuate Hankow. The chief consideration was undoubtedly strategic, a tactical retreat to escape the Japanese encircling movement which had reached the Ping-Han Railway at Hsinyang and threatened in the Hsienning area to cut railway communication with Changsha and the south-west. It was noticeable that comparatively few troops passed through Hankow in their retreat to Changsha and the Han River and the ultimate intention was apparently to leave the path to Hankow completely clear of troops, so that the main body of the invading force, concentrating on Wuhan as its objective, would leave time for a Chinese withdrawal on predetermined lines; there is good reason to believe that the plan has been successfully carried out. It had in fact been evident to observers for some weeks back that the much-vaunted last-ditch defence of Hankow had become little more than a slogan repeated to sustain the morale of the townsfolk by giving the impression of a united body of resistance and as an encouragement to the soldiers defending the Yangtze front: the speedy loss of Canton and the conviction that the Japanese victory in the south had been secured by bribery had consequently a most damaging effect on morale in Hankow and undoubtedly accelerated the abandonment of the city's defences. Meanwhile, the tact and perseverance of Father Jacquinot and the Safety Zone Committee had been instrumental in convincing Mme. Chiang Kai-shek of the merits of a scheme which involved the demilitarisation of the entire ex-Concession area and, in accepting the plans for a safety zone, the Chinese command were thus enabled to make a virtue of what was already considered a necessity. In an address to journalists on the 25th October Mr. Hollington Tong put the Chinese case for evacuation by emphasising the need for the Chinese army to take the initiative in withdrawing their most valuable troops from an area which had no longer any military significance in order to continue their policy of wearing down the enemy by prolonged warfare (see enclosure No. 1).\n\n2. Formal approval was given by the Chinese Government on the 23rd October to the establishment in the Hankow ex-Concession area of a refugee zone...\n\n[508 r-2]\n\n238\n\n129",
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    {
        "id": 566126,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-579-11-1 Sino-Japanese War- seizure of unauthorized wireless transmitting apparatus 13-2-1939 - 7-5-1940",
        "page_number": 42,
        "title": "CO129-579-11-1 Sino-Japanese War- seizure of unauthorized wireless transmitting apparatus 13-2-1939 - 7-5-1940",
        "content_text": "4\n\n42\n\n53838/53/59\n\nin win\n\n3.\n\nI am considering what further action may be taken, with as little publicity as possible, against the persons now in the Colony who are revealed by these papers to have taken part in assassination organizations, so as to secure that they quit the Colony: and I have already written demi-officially to Sir Archibald Clark Kerr saying that in my opinion the least that the Chinese Government can do is to remove David Kung permanently from Hong Kong: this has been passed on to the proper quarter and I have reason to believe that the hint is being complied with. Since then I have learned that General Wu Te-chen, whose local activities are discussed in the third enclosure to my secret despatch of 26th October, is leaving the Colony this week for Chungking: this move, however, is, as far as I know, unconnected with the Nathan Road case.\n\nCopies of the translations enclosed hereunder will be sent to various British intelligence officers in the Far East who are likely to be interested. I shall keep you informed of any further developments in this connexion.\n\nI am aware\n\n4.\n\n5.\n\nI have highly commended Mr. Waterton, to whose perseverance and acumen Mr. Abbott bears testimony, and Sub-Inspector of Police R.R. Ellis, who has been mainly instrumental in the police investigation of this complex affair: I trust that you will agree that these commendations were well-merited.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-579-11-1 Sino-Japanese War- seizure of unauthorized wireless transmitting apparatus 13-2-1939 - 7-5-1940.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 567381,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-580-1 Sino-Japanese War- handing over of suspected terrorists to Japanese authorities 1-5-1939 - 24-8-1939",
        "page_number": 45,
        "title": "CO129-580-1 Sino-Japanese War- handing over of suspected terrorists to Japanese authorities 1-5-1939 - 24-8-1939",
        "content_text": "[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government, and should be returned to the Foreign Office if not required for official use.]\n\nFROM JAPAN\n\nDecypher. Sir R. Craigie (Tokyo).\n\n7th August 1939.\n\nD.\n\n1.15 a.m. 8th August 1939.\n\nR.\n\n9.30 a.m. 8th August 1939.\n\nNo. 968.\n\nTientsin\n\n45\n\nIMMEDIATE\n\nYour telegram No. 461.\n\nYour Lordship will have since received my telegram No. 946 and my immediately four following telegrams giving the text of the memorandum.\n\nAn agreement on various points arising out of items 1 and 8 of the agenda has only been reached with the greatest difficulty and perseverance. The tentative agreement represents the maximum concessions which we can expect from the Japanese. There is therefore no question now of any item being left in for bargaining purposes. The bargaining has been done and we are left with much different terms from those which the Japanese wished us to accept.\n\n2. The Japanese military are becoming very restless at the delays; consequently, I consider it very desirable to enable tension to be eased that the four men and Ssu Ching-wu should be handed over at the earliest possible moment. Moreover, once this is done and an undertaking given that Li Han-yuan will leave Tientsin as soon as necessary arrangements can be made, I will be in a position to insist on General Muto implementing his verbal promise to me that there would be a radical change in the situation at Tientsin, once these difficulties were out of the way. I ask, however, that the actual decision as to the best moment for handing over be left to my discretion. I will give Sir A. Clark Kerr ample warning.\n\n3...",
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    },
    {
        "id": 576004,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943",
        "page_number": 157,
        "title": "CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943",
        "content_text": "185\n\n-16\n\nJohn Humphrey Yoorath, R.N. retired, as Mr. Robinson finally taking the skiff in the dark and succeeding in finding the Admiral who had climbed from his original hiding place to another. I consider Lieutenant Commander Yoorath's boatmanship and perseverance in this small but most important matter deserves official mention. Able Seaman Domoy D/J109308 for his unselfish efficiency and willingness in my boat MTB 10 as in this instance and in others e.g. assisting Torpedo. Lieutenant (E) H.G. Thompson, R.N.R. on December 14th when putting out an oil drum fire, I also recommend for mention. A further member of MTB 10 crew I consider deserving of mention is Telegraphist Christopher Mondo P/SSX21494 for his efficiency in keeping his W/T set in order and his willingness to work long hours as necessary in the leader's boat where W/T and visual was heaviest.\n\n\"rendezvous\n\nI had by this time sent the following signal to all MTB's west of Aberdeen Island quietly 1950/25\" and they arrived about 2115 just as Admiral Chan Chak was brought on board with a bullet wound in his wrist. All his party were fitted out as well as possible into dry clothes and the 2nd MTB Flotilla proceeded at 22 knots for Mirs Bay on various courses and well off shore. The searchlight of a destroyer or cruiser was soon well to seaward at one time and what appeared to be a red rocket was fired, but no contact was made with enemy and under Admiral Chan Chak's instructions the flotilla anchored off Peng Chau Island when Mr. F.W.K. went shore under cover of motor launch guns and brought off the head man to confer with the Admiral. The Admiral thus received information that the small harbour of Nam O was free of Japanese and that the Chinese guerillas would meet him there and escort the party through the Japanese lines to the Chinese Army. The Flotilla then proceeded to Nam-O; meeting there (fortunately but apparently quite fortuitously) Commander Hugh Montague, R.N. (Retd.), late S.N.O. Aberdeen, now in launch C 410 which had run aground entering Nam O. The Flotilla proceeded to land stores and arms, eventually scuttling all boats just before daylight on December 26th. It is regretted that the scuttling could not take place in water deeper than 2 fathoms but there was not much time as it was most important to get the party and stores all on shore before daylight when Japanese reconnaissance might have spotted them.\n\nBy scuttling the operations of the 2nd MTB Flotilla at sea were brought to a close but the personnel continued across China, first under Commander Montague and later under my command, reaching Rangoon on February 14th, 1942, and placing themselves at the disposal of Commodore Burr Coast in defence of that port which was evacuated later on March 8th.\n\nFrom these operations of old type 1938 Scott Paine boats the following points emerge for rectification.\n\nThe engines are too noisy. The silent auxiliary engine for slow speed work is essential.\n\nGuns, if possible, should be centrally situated and near to the control officer.\n\nBoats should have efficient smoke producing apparatus (e.g. apparatus).\n\nBoats should be able to fire torpedoes forward and from a stopped position.\n\nThe 18\" Mark VIII torpedo's dive to an initial depth of 40 ft. before taking up depth setting. 40 ft. is much too great an initial dive.\n\nDepth charges for use by fast MTB's should be fitted with shallow water pistols. The Mark VII depth charges in use would not explode under 45 ft. which was too great a depth for certain work.\n\nThe use of MTB's for troop or ammunition carrying is possible but not very desirable as MTB's are too lightly built, nor is their power of manoeuvre sufficient.\n\nW/T communications.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 578031,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-591-4 Situation in enemy occupied Hong Kong 7-1-1944 - 21-11-1944",
        "page_number": 52,
        "title": "CO129-591-4 Situation in enemy occupied Hong Kong 7-1-1944 - 21-11-1944",
        "content_text": "3\n\n-\n\nSz\n\neverything, to obtain the surplus materials of other places to supply our own needs and not to practise hoarding and profiteering. Fourthly, as the government has set up regulations with a view to stabilize the currency, we must refrain from speculation. Fifthly, we should make donations to charity organizations whether for medical treatment or for relief of unemployment, etc., which will serve as an aid to governmental administrations.\n\n\"In short, as we have the privileges of residing in Hong Kong, we have also the duty of co-operating with the government. Although we may encounter certain inconveniences during our stay in Hong Kong, we should remember that this is war time, during which we must patiently endure every hardship. Moreover, the war tends to become a long war, and we may have to cope with greater difficulties in times to come. We should, therefore, work with perseverance in order to render assistance towards the accomplishment of reconstructions in Greater East Asia.\"\n\nComment:\n\nSee also KWIZ/21 Section III (c) Report No. 100.\n\nNH.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-591-4 Situation in enemy occupied Hong Kong 7-1-1944 - 21-11-1944.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 578603,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-592-1 Reports on current situation- medical work 3-11-1945 - 7-3-1946",
        "page_number": 59,
        "title": "CO129-592-1 Reports on current situation- medical work 3-11-1945 - 7-3-1946",
        "content_text": "57\n\nsuch great importance that any risks involved had to be met.\n\nFrom the beginning there was always the danger of the spread of infectious diseases of all types and medicines and soap were of more importance than food. Here again the camp was under the control of the Military Authorities who were on every occasion so much against interference by the Civilian Authorities and in turn Dr. Selwyn-Clarke.\n\nIn the first few months following the surrender, he was unable to be of much help but by perseverance he finally reached the Japanese officer in charge of the camp. Following this visit supplies of washing-soap (to counter the high incidence of scabies) tooth powder, clothing, footwear, and sports gear were allowed through, but I do not think this included medicines. This source remained open for a short period until the Japanese in charge of all Military Camps interfered and ordered that all supplies be sent to him first (for distribution as he thought fit) and not direct to the camp.\n\nThis later arrangement was, however, a slow and doubtful one, and when Dr. Selwyn-Clarke discovered that they refused to give receipts he discontinued this system and made use of an underground Source which worked right up to the time of his arrest. One other reason why he discontinued the old method of despatch was because he found that supplies were not reaching the Canadian prisoners in the temporary North Point Camp, and that his efforts to relieve the unsatisfactory state of affairs in that camp were fruitless.\n\nAnother means of transmitting supplies was opened when several of the lady helpers, who had husbands in the camp and who were themselves third nationals, under the guidance of Dr. Selwyn-Clarke, persuaded the Japanese officer in charge of all camps to permit their sending in large supplies of footwear, soap, etc. Great difficulties were encountered in their efforts to get these supplies across to Kowloon but this was finally arranged by Dr. Selwyn-Clarke.\n\nIt was towards the end of the summer of 1942 that news was received that there was a severe outbreak of diphtheria in this camp and that many were dying each day. It was fortunate for these poor men that other means of transmitting supplies had been arranged as large quantities of medicines were immediately sent to the camp. Included in this supply was anti-diphtheria toxin and there is little doubt that most of the men remaining alive in the camp today owe their lives to the fact that this medicine reached them in time. All these supplies are known to have arrived in the camp safely as receipts were received from the medical officer in charge of the camp hospital.\n\nThrough this same source he received periodic reports on health conditions in the camp and on discovering that the food situation was so appalling (e.g. a small piece of fish once and sometimes twice a week being all the protein they received), arranged for the despatch through the same underground channels of large sums of cash to the Medical Officer so that he could buy extra food for the hospital patients at the camp canteen. Large supplies of Vitamin B.1 sent in proved insufficient and it was not until December, 1942, when the Japanese eventually agreed to weekly parcels, a privilege (and sometimes the only one) granted to most camps, that conditions improved in the camp. The distribution of I.R.C. parcels and supplies at the end of 1942, which the Japanese withheld for weeks, also helped in the considerable improvement of health noticed early this year.\n\nWhen",
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    {
        "id": 582824,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-596-3 Hong Kong University- recognition of wartime training of medical students 24-1-1946 - 10-3-1949",
        "page_number": 53,
        "title": "CO129-596-3 Hong Kong University- recognition of wartime training of medical students 24-1-1946 - 10-3-1949",
        "content_text": "# THE CHINA MAIL, SATURDAY, MARCH \n\n## Ceremony In Ruins Of University \n\nIN A CEREMONY WHICH MUST HAVE BEEN ALMOST UNIQUE IN UNIVERSITY HISTORY, INASMUCH AS IT TOOK PLACE IN THE RUINED SHELL OF THE GREAT HALL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG, ROOFLESS AND WIDE OPEN TO THE SKY, MEDICAL DEGREES WERE YESTERDAY CONFERRED ON UNDERGRADUATES WHO WERE COMPLETING THEIR COURSES IN DECEMBER 1941.\n\nThe rubble and wreckage left by the Japanese had been removed for the occasion, and the stark walls and the al fresco atmosphere seemed to lend additional impressiveness to a ceremony which was without precedent in more senses than one.\n\nIn his opening speech, Mr. T. M. Hazelrigg, Chairman of the Hong Kong Medical Degrees Emergency Committee, set up by an Order of His Majesty the King in Council, said:\n\nIt is possible that there may be present to-day people who do not read that thrilling periodical known as the Hong Kong (British Military Administration) Gazette. It, therefore, seems desirable that there should be some explanation of the substitution of this afternoon's simple procedure for the pomp and ceremony usually associated with a Congregation of the University.\n\nIn respect of each of the candidates upon whom degrees will be conferred to-day the Committee is satisfied that the requirements of the Statutes of the University and of the Order of His Majesty in Council have been fulfilled.\n\nOne final point. It is particularly declared by the Order in Council that degrees conferred in accordance with its provisions shall be deemed to have been conferred at a Congregation of the whole University.\n\nThe events of December, 1941, disrupted the lives of the undergraduates and called a halt to the activities of this University. Many of the undergraduates, however, escaped into China and pursued their studies in the Chinese Universities amid great difficulties. Some of the medical students, after passing their examinations, went on to render valuable services in their profession.\n\nWe are fortunate in having with us to-day Mr. G. P. de Martin, who at one time acted as Registrar of this University and who is, I believe, the oldest surviving member of its Court. Mr. de Martin has kindly consented to support the Committee and I now call upon him to address the meeting.\n\n### The Dark Days \n\nWhen the dark days ended the University lacked the machinery for awarding and conferring degrees. Obviously something had to be done about it.\n\nHis Majesty the King in Council decided, just as less august bodies decide when in difficulties, that there must be a committee to deal with the matter.\n\n### University's Vitality \n\nMr. de Martin said that it was his privilege to thank the visitors for their presence. \"By joining with us in this necessarily truncated function you bring with you a message of friendship and encouragement.\n\n\"I take upon myself also, on behalf of everybody here to congratulate the new graduates upon receiving the credentials which will enable them to assume the duties of their great profession.\n\n\"This consummation of their University career has been made possible by recognition given by His Majesty the King to their own perseverance in adverse circumstances.\n\n\"Accordingly it was ordered that there should be constituted a Committee, to be known as the University of Hong Kong Medical Degrees Emergency Committee. This Committee was empowered to exercise, in so far as they relate to medicine and surgery, the powers of the Senate of the University to determine what examinations and courses of study in other universities or places of learning should be deemed equivalent to examinations and courses of study in the University of Hong Kong.\n\nThe Committee was further empowered to propose persons for admission to degrees and to exercise the power of the Chancellor of the University to confer degrees.\n\nI wish to make it quite clear that each candidate for a degree must, as heretofore, have completed a five years' course of study at a University or place of learning, including at least two years at the University of Hong Kong, and that no degree be conferred without examination.\n\n### Requirements Fulfilled \n\nThe principal function of the Committee has been to ensure that the course of study completed and the examinations passed by the candidates were equivalent to the comparable courses of study and examinations at the University of Hong Kong.\n\n### Remarkable Feat \n\n\"Although I am a member of this University I do not belong to its staff so that I may, without impropriety, add the vitality of the Medical Faculty, the vitality manifested by its individual members in various ways and places in these tragic years.\n\n\"I can only speak of instances here in Hong Kong. Professor Digby and Dr. Dean Smith, Stanley internees owed much and some of them indeed their continued existence.\n\n\"To the Vice-Chancellor we owe a debt of gratitude for allowing us to have access to his valuable collection of books on English literature, on which subject also he lectured tirelessly.\n\n\"Professor Brown accomplished the remarkable feat of organising and maintaining a programme of weekly lectures spread over a period of something like three years.\n\n\"Professor Robertson lectured...\n\n(Continued on Page 5)\n\n## CHINA COMPANIES LAW \n\nShanghai, March 22.\n\nFear of drastic curtailment of foreign business in China by the new companies law was allayed yesterday when Randall Gould, Shanghai \"Evening Post and Mercury\" editor, received an assurance from T. V. Soong, Executive Yuan President and Dr. Sun Fo, President of the Legislative Yuan.\n\nAmerican businessmen said they will immediately put plans into operation for resumption of their pre-war trade with China.-Associated Press.",
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    {
        "id": 582836,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-596-3 Hong Kong University- recognition of wartime training of medical students 24-1-1946 - 10-3-1949",
        "page_number": 65,
        "title": "CO129-596-3 Hong Kong University- recognition of wartime training of medical students 24-1-1946 - 10-3-1949",
        "content_text": "# UNIVERSITY \n(Continued from Page 1) \n\npossible by the recognition given by His Majesty the King to their own perseverance in adverse circumstances.\n\n## CEREMONY \nIt is hoped that Mr Boxer, the Registrar, will be returning shortly and that Professors Simpson and Robertson will also be coming back in a few more months.\n\n## Co-operation With China \nIn each step of the re-building of the University, it is the intention to bear in mind always the importance of co-operation with the Universities and educational institutions of China. I am sure the importance of liaison with China is going to be a great factor in the future history of this University, which numbers amongst its first students Dr Sun Yat-sen. When I was in Chungking, the Generalissimo displayed great interest in the re-building of this University and spoke to me about the importance of getting the University going again as soon as possible, a view which I naturally very much shared with him. During my visit to Canton, I went to Ling Nam University and not only did I receive a very kind welcome but all the officials spoke most appreciatively to me of what Hongkong University had done for Ling Nam before the Japanese attacked and also very sincerely expressed their wish to repay some of that debt by assisting Hongkong University now. A number of students from Hongkong is now at Ling Nam University.\n\nTo the Vice-Chancellor, we owe a debt of gratitude for allowing us to have access to his valuable collection of books on English literature, on which subject also he lectured untiringly. Professor Brown accomplished the remarkable feat of organising and maintaining a programme of weekly lectures spread over a period of something like three years. Professor Robertson lectured on Political Economy and the Professor of Education talked on Psychology to earnest audiences.\n\nBy his brilliant popular lectures on various topics, his work in association with nutrition problems and above all by his cheerful example, no one in the camp did more than Dr Herklots in maintaining the morale of internees in those dreary days.\n\nAn enthusiastic crowd of young men thronged the lectures of the late Professor Faid who spoke on Electricity, Magnetism, Physics - matters more or less germane to their own peace time organisations.\n\nWhile this University started as a medical college and teaches a great number of most important technical subjects, its activities are not and should not be confined to technical education. One of the most important functions of any University is to broaden the outlook of its graduates and instill into their minds the sense of spiritual values - the value of honesty, justice, mercy and such like, which form the basis of an ordered society. To-day, I want particularly to speak to you of the importance of discipline in the community.\n\nIn this way, the literary standard of the internees was raised, though not even University Professors could do anything with, or to, those of them who persisted in saying \"O.K.\" instead of \"Yes.\"\n\n### Discipline is Necessary \nSince the time when Moses led the Children of Israel out of Egypt, history has shown that no nation has flourished unless that nation has maintained a high standard of discipline. Most of the success of the Nazis was due to the discipline which they enforced, but that discipline was what I call the discipline of fear - discipline maintained by the secret police and the threat of the concentration camp. The highest form of discipline is, of course, self-discipline exercised by the individual and exemplified by a high standard of a sense of a man's duty to his neighbour - called more simply in English \"playing the game.\" This has not been achieved to a high degree by many countries. For instance, the Germans have never achieved it to a high degree, although the old German bureaucracy had a high standard of efficiency and integrity before they were destroyed by Nazi teaching. In Britain, I feel we have achieved as high a standard of self-discipline as most countries, in fact higher than most. The evidence of this is firstly the standard of integrity in all branches of our public services, and it has also been made manifest recently by the absolutely negligible black market which has existed in Britain despite the very severe and continued rationing during six years of war. That record has shown democracy in action.\n\nI see in this ceremony the beginning of a renaissance and although in the near future there will inevitably be grievous obstacles in the way of our academic rehabilitation, I foresee for this University in Hongkong a future of expanding usefulness in the Far East which will transcend its considerable achievements in the past. (Applause).\n\n### Democracy Step-by-Step \nSelf-discipline enters very much into the development of democratic government, which is of course essentially self-government. Leaders from University conferred by Mr Hazelrigg.\n\nMr de Martin's speech, the Degrees ceremony. He said: \nDemocratic government is not achieved merely by giving the franchise to the whole or a large portion of the population. It has to be built up step by step and must start with the acknowledgment of the rights of the individual, followed by the achievement of a high standard of integrity in the public service, which is done by the individuals comprising the community exercising self-government and self-discipline in their individual lives.\n\nI draw your attention to these things because it is most essential here to understand what self-government is, so that it can be built up here in Hongkong. I speak specially here inside the walls of this University, as it is to be expected that a large proportion of the leaders of our community will graduate through this University and it is essential that it should be understood in Hongkong.\n\nThe form of Democratic government which we have in Britain has been built up step by step during the centuries. For instance, in 1215 by the signing Magna Charta, the King became obedient to the law of the land and not a mere tyrant and despot as he continued to be in so many countries for centuries after this date. In 1679, the Habeas Corpus Act established that no man should be thrown into prison and kept there without trial. This acknowledgment of the rights of the individual is an essential keystone to democratic government and these rights must be well established before any large measure of franchise can be given.\n\nIt is worth remembering that although the first Parliament was assembled in England in 1295, it was then only a consultative body and the universal franchise of men and women, which elects the Parliament to which Ministers of the Crown are responsible, was not achieved in Britain until 1918.\n\nSo, Ladies and Gentlemen, although the University in its corporate capacity might seem to have been in abeyance, there was no break in the continuity of its activities. Furthermore, the graduates of to-day are the students of 1941, and I venture to add that the Registrar of 27 years ago is reappearing momentarily in that capacity to-day.\n\nIn spite of to-day's comparatively austere proceedings, I shall not be surprised if they are recorded in the University's history as pregnant with significance as any that have been held within these walls. I say \"within these walls.\" I cannot say \"under this roof,\" but if our shell be broken, the wholesome kernel remains and if the new Bachelors of Medicine have proceeded to their degrees in a shattered building, I would remind them that a roof is but a top dressing and a graduate is a graduate \"for a' that.\"\n\nAt the conclusion of the ceremony, Sir Cecil congratulated the candidates on their success and also congratulated the Committee and all those who helped at the ceremony. He said: \nTo-day is a great day in the annals of this University. It is a beginning and I am afraid only a small beginning, but none the less a beginning. I wish I could assure you that this beginning will develop quickly into the full re-establishment of the University. Every effort is being made to get the University going, but we have to start from barren walls and bare buildings. Efforts have been concentrated on getting the University ready for first-year classes in October of this year. We cannot be sure that we shall achieve this, but every effort will be made to get some classes going.\n\nThe latest information from the Vice-Chancellor, Mr Sloss, who is working hard at home for the University, is that the equipment may be ready for shipping by September, but that with top priority all along the line, it could not be available for use before December.\n\nThe date of opening for classes in science, medicine, and engineering depends on securing the necessary minimum of equipment.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-596-3 Hong Kong University- recognition of wartime training of medical students 24-1-1946 - 10-3-1949.txt",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-608-7 Future policy- Report on Port Administration by Sir David Owen 24-2-1941 - 24-2-1941",
        "page_number": 133,
        "title": "CO129-608-7 Future policy- Report on Port Administration by Sir David Owen 24-2-1941 - 24-2-1941",
        "content_text": "CONFIDENTIAL\n\nHONG KONG PORT ADMINISTRATION INQUIRY COMMITTEE\n\nObservations submitted by Mr. A. Nicol in response to an invitation to relate the views expressed in his Memorandum dated 18th September, 1945, more closely to present conditions and the Committee's terms of reference.\n\nAPPENDIX I (H)\n\n11th October, 1945\n\n\"In reply to your letter of the 30th September, 1946, No.25/581/46. I have the honour to submit the following brief observations for the information of the Committee.\n\n2. In my opinion the advantages that would accrue from the establishment of a Port Trust in Hong Kong seem to be overwhelming. No harbour can develop if it has to depend on a fluctuating revenue. Port works are expensive no matter in what part of the world they are constructed and Hong Kong is no exception. It is this fact that has pushed private enterprise out of harbour control with very few exceptions and Sir David Owen has pointed out in his report that 'it is significant that at most of the Ports in the United Kingdom and the Empire some form of Public Port Trust has evolved, the obvious lesson to be learned being that it has been proved to be for the best'.\n\n3. Harbour development can only take place if the body in control has unlimited vision, is prepared to call for a long term plan and when it has approved of that plan, is determined to carry it out with vigour and perseverance. This postulates that the finances of the Port are stabilised, capital works being met by loans, and revenue being sufficient to equate maintenance, overhead and loan charges.\n\n4. In the past 25 years I have witnessed the submission to Government of three major reports on the Harbour. None of the works recommended in the reports of Sir Maurice Fitz-Maurice and Mr. Duncan has been attempted apart from:\n\n5. (1) part of a reclamation and quay wall at North Point which private enterprise was enticed to construct and which eventually lay idle for many years,\n\n(2) part of a reclamation at Kennedy Town, and\n\n(3) the vehicles ferry.\n\nThere has been no guarantee that a plan, even if it were accepted by Government, would be adhered to and carried out, partly because of financial instability and partly because the ideas of Government, dominated as they are by the Governor for the time being, change from period to period. As an example of this in 1924, Government decided that the best solution of the harbour problem was to form a Port Development Department. This was done but two years later, with a change of Governor, the decision was reversed and the Port Development Department ceased to exist. About 1927 a need arose for a dumping ground for debris at North Point but Government in that year had not accepted the Duncan proposals. A seawall was therefore constructed at considerable expense some distance back from the line proposed by Mr. Duncan. Later, Government decided to proceed in part with an amended scheme and another seawall was formed in front of the first. Dumping is now proceeding in this area and in a short time the original wall will be completely buried.\n\n(Continued)",
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        "document_key": "CO129-618-7 Port Adminstation Inquiry Committee- report and minutes of meetings 1-1-1945 - 31-12-1946",
        "page_number": 84,
        "title": "CO129-618-7 Port Adminstation Inquiry Committee- report and minutes of meetings 1-1-1945 - 31-12-1946",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n# HONG KONG PORT ADMINISTRATION INQUIRY COMMITTEE\n\n## Observations submitted by Mr. A. Nicol in response to an invitation to relate the views expressed in his Memorandum dated 18th September, 1945, more closely to present conditions and the Committee's terms of reference.\n\n### APPENDIX I (H) 84\n\n11th October, 1946\n\n\"In reply to your letter of the 30th September, 1946, `No.25/581/46`, I have the honour to submit the following brief observations for the information of the Committee.\n\n2.\n\nIn my opinion the advantages that would accrue from the establishment of a Port Trust in Hong Kong seem to be overwhelming. No harbour can develop if it has to depend on a fluctuating revenue. Port works are expensive no matter in what part of the world they are constructed and Hong Kong is no exception. It is this fact that has pushed private enterprise out of harbour control with very few exceptions and Sir David Owen has pointed out in his report that 'it is significant that at most of the Ports in the United Kingdom and the Empire some form of Public Port Trust has evolved, the obvious lesson to be learned being that it has been proved to be for the best'.\n\n3.\n\nHarbour development can only take place if the body in control has unlimited vision, is prepared to call for a long-term plan and when it has approved of that plan, is determined to carry it out with vigour and perseverance. This postulates that the finances of the Port are stabilised, capital works being met by loans, and revenue being sufficient to equate maintenance, overhead, and loan charges.\n\n4.\n\nIn the past 25 years, I have witnessed the submission to Government of three major reports on the Harbour. Of the works recommended in the reports of Sir Maurice Fitz-Maurice and Mr. John Duncan, none has been attempted apart from:\n\n| Item | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1) | part of a reclamation and quay wall at North Point which private enterprise was enticed to construct and which eventually lay idle for many years, |\n| (2) | part of a reclamation at Kennedy Town, and |\n| (3) | the vehicles ferry. |\n\n5.\n\nFrom my experience, Government control is ineffectual because in the past no person or body, particularly interested in the Port as such, has been entrusted with the duty of developing it. There has been no guarantee that a plan, even if it were accepted by Government, would be adhered to and carried out, partly because of financial instability and partly because the ideas of Government, dominated as they are by the Governor for the time being, change from period to period. As an example of this, in 1924, Government decided that the best solution of the harbour problem was to form a Port Development Department. This was done but two years later, with a change of Governor, the decision was reversed and the Port Development Department ceased to exist. About 1927, a need arose for a dumping ground for debris at North Point but Government in that year had not accepted the Duncan proposals. A seawall was therefore constructed at considerable expense some distance back from the line proposed by Mr. Duncan. Later, Government decided to proceed in part with an amended scheme and another seawall was formed in front of the first. Dumping is now proceeding in this area and in a short time the original wall will be completely buried.\n\n(Continued)",
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