[
    {
        "id": 354762,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-263 - Acting Governor Barker Governor Sir Robinson - 1894 [5-8]",
        "page_number": 496,
        "title": "CO129-263 - Acting Governor Barker Governor Sir Robinson - 1894 [5-8]",
        "content_text": "Enclosure 20th June, 1894-\n\nfor your information a cutting from the \"China Mail\", headed, Discovery of the Plague Bacillus, interview with Professor Kitasato.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nMy Lord Marquess, Your Lordship's Most Obedient\n\nHumble Servant,\n\nWilliam Robinson\n\nThe China Mail.\n\nEnclosure No.\n\nHONGKONG, WEDNESDAY, June 20, 1894.\n\nDISCOVERY OF THE PLAGUE BACILLUS.\n\nINTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR KITASATO. It has been known for some time that two Japanese gentlemen, experts with regard to infectious diseases, have made a special study of the local outbreak of Asiatic typhus. It was a wise measure of the Japanese Government to send these scientists here, but the results of their investigations will concern and, we trust, eventually benefit this Colony as much as Japan. One of these gentlemen, Professor Kitasato, after passing through the usual course of medical studies at the Tokyo University and taking his M.D. degree, spent seven years, from 1885 to 1892, at Dr Koch's institute in Berlin, where he devoted all his time to the study of the bacteriology of infectious diseases. After successfully passing the medical professorate examinations in Berlin, he returned to Japan, and established there, connected with the Government, an institution similar to that of Dr Koch for the biological investigation of the infectious diseases of Japan. The other gentleman, Professor Aoyama, is a medical graduate of the Tokyo University, where, after spending four years in Berlin in the study of pathology, from 1883 to 1887, he has since been lecturing as Professor of Medicine. Both gentlemen have now, for some time past, been taking every opportunity on board the Hygeia and in the different hospitals, studying the disease in all its stages and making sundry experiments. Professor Aoyama pays special attention to the Morphology and Dr Kitasato to the Biology of the disease. The results of their observations are now being embodied for the information of the Japanese Government, in a joint official report, which is in process of elaboration. A local gentleman has been favoured, in the course of an interview, with a brief outline of what will probably be the leading features of this interesting document.\n\nThe two specialists, it would seem, agree in identifying the plague now raging in Hongkong with that bubonic plague which devastated Europe first in the sixth century (when it was imported from the Levant); and ever since made its appearance here and there, being historically best known in connection with the Great Plague which decimated London in the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries. They have further identified it, to a limited extent, with the sporadic outburst of plague which occurred in Astrakhan from 1878 to 1879, when a small shining bacillus was found in the blood of human patients. But as Biology was then in its infancy, and the instruments now available were then hardly known, great importance can be attached to the description then given of the specific plague bacillus. Again, the two experts have identified the Hongkong plague with that bubonic typhus which Professor Hirsch of Berlin, in his 'Topography of Diseases,' states to be endemic in the Chinese province of Yunnan. Professor Hirsch's account of the Yunnan plague, they say, stands confirmed by observations made by some medical missionaries at Meng-tze, a district city in Liu-an Fu (Yun-nan) situated under Lat. 23° 34′ and Long. 118° 08′, and more recently by Dr Border of Pak-hoi, one of the ports open to foreign trade, in the province of Kwang-tung, near Lien-chow Fu, under Lat. 21° 39' and Long. 108° 59'. From the pathological description which the two gentlemen gave of a typical case of plague, as observed in Hongkong, it would seem that the period of incubation generally lasts from two to seven days, followed by prostration and high fever, starting from forty degrees Celsius, and concluding with delirium and coma. But protracted cases are generally accompanied by the development of bubos, boils or petechiæ, convalescence setting in about the sixth day. As regards the Biology of the disease, Professor Kitasato considers himself to have been fortunate enough to have discovered the specific bacillus of the local form of plague, and his confrère, Professor Aoyama, agrees with him in describing this specific plague-bacillus as being what is called in German a 'stäbchen' bacterium, having the form of very slender straight filaments of short length. This bacillus, found in the blood of plague patients from the second day of the outbreak of the disease, and devastating the principal internal organs, has been indisputably identified, as the real agent of the mischief, by Dr Kitasato.\n\nHis colleague, Professor Aoyama, agrees with him in stating that, unless the bacillus discovered at Astrakhan but imperfectly described was the same species, no such bacillus has hitherto been found in human blood. The only kinds of known bacilli, which to a limited extent may be compared with this plague-bacillus are two classes of bacteria hitherto found in animals only, viz., the 'Milz-brand' bacterium (bacillus anthracis) which morphologically resembles the plague-bacillus about as much as the 'Hühner-cholera' bacterium (found in poultry diseases) resembles it biologically. Experiments made by Dr. Kitasato breeding and multiplying the specific plague bacilli discovered in Hongkong, and in inoculating different animals with the preparation of the virus thus obtained, have invariably produced within two days the death of these animals under symptoms conclusively exhibiting the symptoms of plague, though the symptoms of vomiting, diarrhœa, and buboes were absent owing to the rapid development of the disease.\n\nC. O.\n\n13259\n\n492\n\n10-20\n\nwas\n\n850 JUL 343",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-263 - Acting Governor Barker Governor Sir Robinson - 1894 [5-8].txt",
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    {
        "id": 379931,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-304 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 173,
        "title": "CO129-304 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "It is not clear to Mr Chamberlain precisely what assistance is desired by the Governor in making the request in the last paragraph of this despatch. I apprehend that if a competent investigator is required it will be necessary to provide him with proper assistance and apparatus. Can, as in the case of the Pathological Institute recently opened in the Malay Peninsula, considerable expenditure would be involved that it would be necessary to estimate back to Colonial Government before making any decision. `C.P.L.`",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-304 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [1-4].txt",
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    {
        "id": 380827,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 356,
        "title": "CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "A full list, of which \n\nhow \n\nI desire to express \n\nA \n\napproval.\n\nmy approval, as a temporary arrangement\n\n2. The to fact\n\nout, however, that\n\nsuch\n\nas these\n\ncharges Midland M. Remedios\n\ninvolved\n\nThomson 15\n\nas a post carrying a salary of $1,000\n\na year my this approval was recommended under Col. Regulation No. 66; whereas it was\n\nnot required\n\nin the case\n\nof the Corfire, whose salary is less than\n\n$1,000 a year.\n\nNo.\n\n221\n\n901\n\nHouse Paper.\n\nNo.\n\nONO\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\n(Subject.)\n\nBacteriologist\n\nRequests engagement of -\n\nstated\n\n+\n\nC.O 0.0.\n\nDESPATCH\n\n25363\n\nappt is very necessary\n\nMr Lucas\n\n(Minutes.)\n\n25360\n\nJUL OF\n\n350\n\non\n\nterms\n\nI understand that the Governor\n\nis in terms of starting a pathological Institute in the\n\nSan\n\nThanks Enlargements. We\n\nmay\n\ntake it,\n\nmay\n\nthe\n\nsupport that the cost will be about the\n\nsame\n\nviz $27,500 initial\n\noutlay\n\nand $5,000\n\nper\n\nyear.\n\nSuper Paper:\n\nsalary of\n\nDirector, plus\n\nconsiderable amount for maintenance and\n\nsalary of\n\nassistants at.\n\nTake Gnome dece seat\n\nlabraday, but only the\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 383976,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-309 - Public Offices & Others - 1901",
        "page_number": 512,
        "title": "CO129-309 - Public Offices & Others - 1901",
        "content_text": "# Improvement of the Sanitation in Hong Kong\n\nYou have given attention to the improvement of the sanitation in Hong Kong.\n\nAs you are aware, I have been anxious about the prevalence of disease there, and I have been in correspondence with the Governor on the subject.\n\nI forwarded your despatch, which dealt with the prevention and investigation of diseases, to Dr. Manson, whose advice is contained in the enclosed letter in reply.\n\nYou will observe that in this correspondence, reference is made to the Pathological Institute recently established in the HMS. The revised scheme for this Institute has a promising uncertainty as to its prospects.\n\nPage 363\n\n...\n\nPage 363\n\n...\n\nPage 363",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-309 - Public Offices & Others - 1901.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 397258,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-329 - Governor Nathan - 1905 [7-12]",
        "page_number": 552,
        "title": "CO129-329 - Governor Nathan - 1905 [7-12]",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure 2.\n\n**ORIGINA41049**\n\n**WED[RECT 18 NOV 05] PARTICULARS of the Office now vacant in the Government Civil Medical Department.**\n\n### Particulars of the Office now vacant in the Colony of Hongkong.\n\n| Category | Details |\n| --- | --- |\n| **Duties of office, and qualifications required for their performance.** | Assistant Bacteriologist. Must be a qualified Medical Man. To do expert bacteriological and pathological work in connection with the Bacteriological Institute and Public Mortuary. Previous special training for at least a year essential, either in some recognised Pathological Institute in Britain or abroad. |\n| **Salary and emoluments, and whether secured by permanent law.** | £360 to £420 a year by £30 triennially. |\n| **Other circumstances affecting the value of the office.** | None. |\n| **Nature, number, and amount of securities required, and mode of giving them.** | None. |\n| **Whether any, and if any, what provision is made from this country or elsewhere, of the persons sent out to fill the office.** | None. |\n| **Acts or Ordinances making provision respecting any of the above matters, and especially respecting the permanency of the emoluments and the particulars of the security required, with reference to the sections in which such provision is made.** | Ordinance No. 8 of 1905. |\n\n**Francis Clare**  \nPrincipal Civil Medical Officer.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-329 - Governor Nathan - 1905 [7-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 408192,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-338 - Public Offices & Others - 1906",
        "page_number": 656,
        "title": "CO129-338 - Public Offices & Others - 1906",
        "content_text": "Recently, however, I learn from certain sources, that my appointment may not be continued on the expiry of my agreement and that the main reason for this course, is that Hongkong is a small Colony and unable to bear the expense of so much research, and maintain an up-to-date Bacteriological Institute. As you may imagine, this is a most serious anxiety for me to consider. I am a married man with a family, and at my age—32—with five years’ special experience and good health, I fear for my position.\n\nSince my arrival here, my main object has been to do the best for Tropical Pathology and Bacteriology. I have, therefore, with this in front of me, built an excellent post-mortem and pathological department.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-338 - Public Offices & Others - 1906.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 416885,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 212,
        "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "80% \n\n209 \n\nin Hong Kong the doctor studied and examined the disease with Dr. Grone, the very man who passed the passengers because the latter is the Health Officer of the Port to whom all immigrants to Mexico and Canada presented themselves for examination, and the stay he made there was a very short one, not more than three months.\n\n5. Not satisfied with the diagnosis of the Delegate we had sent to Salina Cruz for the purpose of examining the passengers, two doctors from the city, viz., Drs Luis Buhot and Angel Vallarino, the former being graduate from the Institute of Ophthalmology and assistant to its Director Dr. Toussaint, and frequently called in for assistance by Dr. Chavez, one of the first oculists of this country, while the latter is professor of the School of medicine in Mexico. The result of these two doctors' examination is that 285 of the men are free from trachoma while the balance they have to make a microscopical examination and pathological before being able to classify definitely as they are suffering from conjunctivitis and some other diseases of the eye, among which may be found trachoma. They have arrived this morning and will at once make the examination.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 417588,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-353 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 300,
        "title": "CO129-353 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "be identical with one,\n\nbearing he some\n\nwho\n\nthe person\n\nknows\n\nname\n\nPathologist\n\nservice of\n\nF.M.S. Gov\n\nMe\n\nfrom 1899\n\nto 1902.\n\nLe\n\n& Lady Crewe would\n\nbe glad if Sir E. Gray\n\nCould\n\nWhatever\n\nascertain,\n\nseem\n\nbest,\n\nmanner\n\nwhether\n\nmay\n\nMiss N. B.\n\nhis title for most glorious service\n\nwas Director of\n\nthe Pathological\n\nInstitute for medical research\n\nat Kuala Lumpur, from 1908\n\npreviously been Assistant Pathologist\n\nat the London County Council.\n\n25 Nov.\n\nBoard.\n\nas previous Paper.\n\n5673\n\nAV\n\nHONG KONG STRAITS CEYLON\n\nNo. 4315\n\n(Subject.)\n\n296\n\nDOMESTIC.\n\nC.O.\n\n43156\n\nCONFIDENTIAL\n\nInternational Opium Commission\n\nSending copy note\n\nfrom\n\nus. Ambos. ready.\n\ninstructions issued to American Commissioner.\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nand other matters.\n\nis\n\n3.\n\nis Ra\n\ncase.\n\nThe S.S. Jesures\n\nNat & Wright is not\n\na\n\nif\n\nA\n\nA\n\nBritish subject,\n\nshould prove that\n\nbut\n\nhas\n\nCx\n\nSpecial\n\nof\n\nhe\n\nit turns out\n\nthe\n\nFMS Govt., H. L. Daher as fugitive.\n\nthat it would\n\nbe well\n\nmake enquiries on this account. Diis also.\n\npaint also\n\nA&E W.-47022/24-\n\n2509-10-02\n\nTel. subsequent Paper\n\n43266\n\nFor Antrobus\n\nThis will be utilized & Ro. in\n\ndrawing the attention to the for. R.R.\n\nPublic\n\nPt. 27.11\n\nMAA. Avr. 27\n\nJs\n\nPage 300\n\nPage 301\n\nPage 300\n\nPage 301\n\nPage 300\n\nPage 301",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-353 - Public Offices - 1908.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 437792,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 448,
        "title": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "[ENCLOSURE 2.]\n\nExtract from \"Who's Who 1912\".\n\nCLARK, FRANCIS, M.D., M.R.C.P., D.P.H., J.P.; Member of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple; Medical Officer of Health for the Colony of Hong-kong since 1895; born Plymouth 23rd June 1864; eldest son of the late Francis Mallard Clark, some time Chief Clerk, (Higher Division), in H.M. Civil Service (Admiralty); married 1889, Gertrade, eldest daughter of the late Francis Andrews of Wallington, Surrey, and Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.; one daughter. Educated at St. Paul's School, St. Bartholomew's and the Middlesex Hospitals; Medical Officer of Health for Lowestoft 1893-1895; Dean and Lecturer on Forensic Medicine for the College of Medicine, Hongkong; Life Member of the Court of the University of Hongkong; Member of the Hongkong Legislative Council in 1902; Member of the Executive Council in 1905: Fellow of the Royal Sanitary Institute; President of the Hongkong and China Branch of the British Medical Association in 1899 and 1905. Publications: The Germ Theory of Disease 1888; Ambulance Notes 1893; The Ventilation and Flushing of Sewers in relation to Health 1894; Annual Health Reports 1893-1910; Plague Reports 1896-1901: The Prevention of Malaria in Hongkong 1906, etc., etc. Recreations: riding, yachting; Commodore of the Hongkong Corinthian Yacht Club since 1904. Address: Kingsclere, Hongkong. Club: Royal Societies.\n\n[ENCLOSURE 3.]\n\n\"Extract from the Medical Directory 1912”\n\nCLARK, FRANCIS WM., Victoria, Hongkong; M.D. Durham 1990, M.B. 1892; D.P.H. Cambridge 1891; M.R.C.S. England 1886; M.R.C.P. London 1909; L.R.C.P. 1886; (University of Durham, St. Bartholomew's and the Middlesex Hospitals). Diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Cambridge 1908; J.P.; Entrance Science Scholarship 1882; Hetley Scholarship 1885; Governor's Clinical Scholarship 1885. Member of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple. President of the Hongkong and China Branch of the British Medical Association 1899 and 1905; Fellow of the Royal Sanitary Institute; Dean and Lecturer on Forensic Medicine in the Hongkong College of Medicine; Life Member of the Court of the University of Hongkong; Medical Officer of Health and Superintendent of Statistics, Hongkong, since 1895: Member of the Legislative Council Hongkong in 1902; Member of the Executive Council in 1905; late Medical Officer of Health of the Borough and Port of Lowestoft; Assistant Medical Officer of Health of the Port of Tyne; Resident Medical Officer of the Royal Waterloo Hospital for Children, and House Physician of the Seamen's Hospital, Greenwich. Author of \"The Germ Theory of Disease\" 1888; \"Ambulance Notes\" 1893; \"The Ventilation and Flushing of Sewers in relation to Health\" 1894; Annual Health Reports 1893-1910; Plague Reports 1896-1901; Contributions: \"Duties and Difficulties of Port Medical Inspectors,\" British Medical Journal 1893; \"Notification of Measles,\" Medical Magazine 1893; other contributions to the Pathological Society's Transactions, Journal of Mental Science, Lancet, etc.\n\nA41\n\n1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4].txt",
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    {
        "id": 524681,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-524-2 Hong Kong University- financial position- Chinese studies- future of the Chinese school and the Annual... 27-1-1930 - 12-8-1930",
        "page_number": 188,
        "title": "CO129-524-2 Hong Kong University- financial position- Chinese studies- future of the Chinese school and the Annual... 27-1-1930 - 12-8-1930",
        "content_text": "194\n\ncation, the Director of Public Works, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, the Chinese members of the Legislative Council, the Director of Medical and Sanitary Services, and Deans of each of the three Faculties, the Chief Manager of the Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation, Mr. N. S. Brown and Professor W. Brown.\n\nDuring the year under review, Mr. H. B. L. Dowbiggin, Mr. H. B. Talati, Mr. W. H. Bell, Mr. R. M. Dyer, Dr. Ts'o Seen Wan, LL.D., were re-appointed to be members of the Court for a further term of three years. Messrs. B. J. Lewis, Sum Pak Ming and Wong Tak Wong were appointed to be members of the Court for three years.\n\nFACULTY OF MEDICINE.\n\nThe number of students in the Faculty of Medicine on 31st December, 1928, was 160 as compared with 150 on the same date in the preceding year. The staff of the Medical Faculty comprises, 8 full-time professors, including the professors of chemistry and physics who work in all three faculties, and the Reader in Biology who works in the Arts Faculty as well as in the Medical Faculty; also 2 lecturers in chemistry (these lecturers work in all 3 Faculties) 5 full-time medical assistants, and 7 part-time medical lecturers. The Medical School of Singapore which has to deal with fewer students has a staff of 11 professors, 11 lecturers and 2 readers, exclusive of assistants.\n\nThe amount of charitable work carried out by the Medical Faculty of the University is considerable. Last year the Faculty treated in hospital some 3,000 poor patients, while 8,000 persons received treatment in the out-patients department of the Government Civil Hospital at the hands of the University staff. The Pathological Department reported on 1494 cases. The Medical Faculty carries out a large proportion of the total work done in the Government Civil Hospital.\n\nThe research work done in the various departments of the Medical Faculty is reported to be well up to the average. Four issues of the Caduceus, the Journal of the University Medical Society, were published during 1928 and its circulation is increasing.\n\nThe resignation of Professor H. G. Earle which took place in January, 1928, was referred to in the last Annual Report.\n\n6\n\nDr. J. Anderson resigned the Chair of Medicine last year; he also joined the staff of the projected Henry Lester Institute of Medical Research in Shanghai. Surgeon-Commander J. G. Gerrard, M.D., M.P.H., M.R.C.P., (LONDON), has recently been appointed to the Chair of Medicine, but he has not yet joined the University.\n\nThe Medical Faculty has many vital needs. The most urgent is perhaps the provision of a separate department for surgery. Anatomy and surgery originally constituted one chair, and the Professor of Surgery has no laboratory other than the dissecting room. This is very inconvenient. The Professor of Medicine is in an almost worse plight. He has no lecture room or laboratory anywhere.\n\n\"When in 1923 and 1924 the University Court accepted the Rockefeller Endowments it did so on the understanding that the Medical School of the University was going to be conducted, not only with regard to the teaching in the University, but also in the matter of its clinical work in the Government Civil Hospital, as an efficient and up-to-date modern University Medical School of the highest status.\"\n\nThis was stated publicly at the last University Congregation and the contention has not been queried. The University has heard nothing more of the Government's scheme for rebuilding the Civil Hospital.\n\nFACULTY OF ENGINEERING.\n\nThere were 54 students on the rolls of the Faculty of Engineering on the 31st December, 1928, as against 55 on the 31st December, 1927. The results of the final examination conducted during the year, are reported to have been very satisfactory—9 out of 10 candidates passed, and 5 of these were recommended to the Board of the Faculty for honours. Mr. Lim Ko, a graduate in 1927, was awarded First Class Honours by the London Assessor, Professor S. M. Dixon, who commented very favourably on the standard of his work. The graduates of 1927 have found little difficulty in securing employment. One of the civil engineers is now an assistant engineer on the Federated Malay States Railways, two are surveyors on the Sarawak Oilfields, Borneo, one is working for Messrs. Palmer & Turner, Shanghai and one at the Harbour Works in Hoihow. Of the two electrical engineers who graduated,\n\n7",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-524-2 Hong Kong University- financial position- Chinese studies- future of the Chinese school and the Annual... 27-1-1930 - 12-8-1930.txt",
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    {
        "id": 528375,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-531-13 Proposed reorganization of the medical and sanitary services 18-11-1930 - 7-7-1933",
        "page_number": 27,
        "title": "CO129-531-13 Proposed reorganization of the medical and sanitary services 18-11-1930 - 7-7-1933",
        "content_text": "## CHAPTER III.\n\n### THE HISTORY OF SANITARY EFFORT IN HONG KONG.\n\nA review of the Sanitary History of Hong Kong reveals a series of attempts to produce a machinery which would secure for the community the essentials of a healthy existence and a series of failures to obtain satisfactory results. Each failure was followed by an enquiry conducted in some cases by experts from home, in others by Local Committees and Commissions. Each enquiry ended in a report with recommendations which in the majority of cases brought about changes in legislation. These changes incorporated some but by no means all of the recommendations made. The result in each case was a compromise and as so often happens in compromises disappointment followed.\n\nAs far back as 1859 the Colonial Surgeon said:- \"Hong Kong presents no features either in climate or position which should make it peculiarly unhealthy. Because of its situation, its natural advantages, and its weather, Hong Kong should be, the best drained, the best watered, and in every way the best regulated of towns from a sanitary point of view\". He went on to say \"Ordinance No. 8 of 1850 makes it unlawful to construct or reconstruct a house without a sufficient water closet and ashpit to the satisfaction of the Surveyor General. Houses recently built have been allowed to be erected without the slightest regard to any one of these particulars. The fact is there is legal machinery enough to enforce any and every reasonable requirement and to ensure the sanitary condition of the Colony, but there exists an unaccountable objection to putting that machinery in action\".\n\nIn 1882 Mr. Osbert Chadwick was sent out by the Secretary of State to enquire into the questions pertaining to water supplies, drainage and sewerage, housing and general sanitation. Mr. Chadwick described the sanitary condition of Hong Kong as very defective and calling for energetic remedial measures. \"The water supply is inadequate, the buildings are defective in design and construction and more alleys, more lanes, more open spaces, and more open areas to houses are required\".\n\nHe said he was agreeably surprised to find that the Chinese viewed the subject of sanitation with intelligent attention and that there was neither obstruction nor apathy. The principal objections raised by the Chinese to sanitation were:— \n| Objection | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) | the fear of increased taxation |\n| (b) | the fear of squeeze by public officials |\n\n\"The Chinese are a docile people. Once let them see that the Government is in earnest in sanitation and whilst giving facilities for and interfering as little as possible with their social customs, there is a firm determination to enforce cleanliness, there will be little or no obstruction especially if the orders of Government are promulgated in the time-honoured custom of proclamations posted on the houses\".\n\n\"I am fully convinced that with firm yet gentle management and a little consideration of the wants of the people, a great improvement in the general sanitary conditions might be speedily effected, and that far from receiving opposition or causing an exodus of Chinese it would meet with their approval\".\n\n\"The Sanitary Staff requires to be operated under the personal direction of a full-time officer, a responsible European who need not be either a doctor or an engineer, but who would receive instructions from both the Colonial Surgeon and the Surveyor General. These two cannot spare the time for personal attention to detail such as is necessary for success; their other duties prevent them\".\n\nThe Colonial Surgeon in his report stated that what he had advocated in previous reports and been repeated by Chadwick. Referring to the Chinese he said :— \n\n\"Seeing the benefits, it is acknowledged they receive from British rule, is it too much to expect that they should be required to conform to British laws instead of British laws (against the interest of the British people) being made to conform to Chinese ideas\".\n\n12 \n\nAt present no settled policy or organisation for anti-malarial work exists and the control work has been on a restricted scale and largely of an experimental nature. The existing organisation is entirely unsuited for any extension of malaria preventive work especially as it is endeavouring to discharge two distinct though closely allied functions, viz. :- **Research** and **Prevention**. These two lines are equally important and it is now universally recognised that preventive work to be efficient and economical must proceed hand in hand with research. At the same time research demands complete and uninterrupted attention and it is therefore not feasible for any individual to conduct both research and preventive work simultaneously.\n\nI would like to stress the vital importance of the last two sentences not merely in regard to malaria but as regards all modern public health work. The Public Health Officer cannot succeed unless he can be guided and assisted by an adequate team of whole-time research workers able to concentrate continuously on their research duties. Equally the efforts of the research workers will be sterile unless there is a powerful, well-supported, and independent Public Health Staff in the field continuously engaged on public health work and on nothing else.\n\nThere is in fact no public health ordinance in Ceylon. The Medical Department has rightly been pressing for one for many years.\n\nWhile the preventive Officers in the field must possess very large and very wide powers, it is essential in the circumstances prevailing in Ceylon that they should receive the intimate co-operation and support of the administrative service of Government, of the Irrigation Department, the Public Works Department, the Agricultural Department, and the Education Department.\n\nBut apart from malaria work a great deal more should be done in the way of ordinary public and private sanitation. People seem satisfied with the most primitive, insanitary, and dangerous latrine accommodation.\n\n### REQUIREMENTS.\n\n1. A central Medical Research Institute.\n2. An improvement in Medical Training.\n3. Separation of the Medical from the Public Health Service, and an increase in the Sanitary Engineering Staff and more powers to the former.\n4. Improvement of the pay status and recognition given to the Health Service.\n5. Increase in the Staff of the Pathological and Bacteriological Departments.\n\nOne feature in Ceylon is particularly worthy of consideration by the other colonies---The Director of Medical and Sanitary Services is provided with a lay administrative Secretary. This is a most valuable appointment and is the means of freeing the Director from a mass of detail and office work for his more important professional duties.\n\nThe housing problems in some towns particularly Colombo and Kandy leave a great deal to be desired. Here again it would seem that inadequate powers have been conferred by the Legislature on the Public Health Officers in regard to condemning houses unfit for habitation or prohibiting the erection of insanitary and unsuitable premises.\n\nIt would seem that in Ceylon there has been either ignorance or suspicion of modern scientific sanitary teaching.\n\nEvery advance even the small provisions for malaria have been an uphill struggle.\n\nI can only conclude that before public opinion in Ceylon condemns Western scientific methods they should be given a fair trial.\n\n- 13 \n- 32 \n- 33",
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        "page_number": 47,
        "title": "CO129-531-13 Proposed reorganization of the medical and sanitary services 18-11-1930 - 7-7-1933",
        "content_text": "72\n\n52\n\nin steel cabinets under a system which allows of any particular exhibit being produced in the shortest possible time. The Office is a model of what such an office should be viz.: one in charge of a Secretary or Business Manager who deals with this particular branch of work leaving the Chief time and opportunity to concentrate on directing the whole machine.\n\nIn all the Branches there are lay secretaries who relieve the Chiefs of much of the routine and allow them to devote their time to the subjects they are particularly qualified to deal with. The Doctor however is the Head of the staff, and the secretary is his right-hand man.\n\nWith regard to Municipal Health matters, the following are under the Health Department or closely connected with it:\n\n(a) Housing and town planning--All plans for new buildings and for alterations must be submitted to the Health Officer for approval\n(b) Drainage and sewerage.\n(c) Scavenging and refuse disposal.\n(d) Stables and dairies.\n(e) Markets, bakeries and food shops and factories.\n(f) Anti-mosquito work.\n(g) Infectious diseases.\n(h) Venereal diseases\n(i) Births and deaths\n\nWith regard to anti-malaria works, there are no engineers and there are no entomologists. The Assistant Chief Health Officer is the Malariologist and he has for assistants three American Inspectors and gangs of negroes with their own overseers.\n\nThe staff do all the investigation, all the mosquito surveys, all the drainage including the making of concrete channels, all the oiling and all the filling of swamps and low-lying areas.\n\n53\n\n## B.--THE PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT. SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL. (International Settlement).\n\nUnder the direction of the Commissioner of Public Health—Dr. Noel Davis.\n\nThe rudiments of a Public Health Department existed in Shanghai in 1864. It was then called the Nuisance Department and its chief function was the disposal of ordure and garbage.\n\nThe Department as it exists today was founded and established on modern lines in 1898 by Dr. Arthur Stanley, who was the first whole-time Health Officer.\n\nSince then the Department has undergone steady progressive development and its activities are today wide-reaching and comprehensive.\n\nIt has been built up, not by compulsory measures, for there is an almost complete absence of Public Health Legislation in Shanghai, but largely by the education and co-operation of the people.\n\nFor purposes of Public Health the International Settlement is divided into Districts and Sub-districts. Each Sub-district has its own Branch Health Office, the centre of education, especially for the Chinese residents, in the principles and practice of sanitation and hygiene by lectures and cinematographic demonstrations. Free Vaccination is available in all the Branch Health Offices.\n\nThe organisation of the Public Health Department is as follows:-\n\n| Division | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Administration Division | Vital Statistics-Notification of Communicable Diseases and Registration of Deaths-Business Operations—Income and Expenditure. |\n| Pathological Laboratory | Diagnosis of Communicable Disease-Bacteriological examination of water, milk and food--Preparation of Small-pox, Anti-rabic and bacterial vaccines-Examination of rats for Plague. |\n| Chemical Laboratory | Analysis of water, milk and food-Toxicological and Forensic examinations. |\n| Dispensary | Compounding and dispensing of drugs for Municipal Hospitals-purchase of drugs, dressings, medical and surgical stores. |\n| Pasteur Institute | (Anti-rabic treatment). |\n\n## Hospitals.\n\n| Hospital | Number of Beds |\n| --- | --- |\n| Foreign Isolation Hospital | 140 |\n| Chinese Isolation Hospital | 142 |\n| Police Hospitals (Indian and Chinese) | 3 |\n| Mental Hospital | 98 |\n| Tuberculosis Sanatorium | 11 |\n|  | 15 |\n|  | 36 |\n\nTuberculosis Clinic\nVenereal Diseases Clinic\nin connection with the General Hospital.\nRadiological Department-in connection with the General and Country Hospitals.\n\n73",
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    {
        "id": 528402,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-531-13 Proposed reorganization of the medical and sanitary services 18-11-1930 - 7-7-1933",
        "page_number": 54,
        "title": "CO129-531-13 Proposed reorganization of the medical and sanitary services 18-11-1930 - 7-7-1933",
        "content_text": "## 66 \n\nThe following Chart of the divisions at the central office shows how complete is the scheme of control :- \n\n**Director of the Public Health Service**. \n\n**Chief Administrator or lay head of the Office (Secretary)** \n\n| Division | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Division for Archives and records. |  |\n| Personnel grading, promotion and detailing for duty and leave. |  |\n| Accountancy. |  |\n| Inspection of Urban and Rural Districts. |  |\n| Epiditionary service. |  |\n| Sanitary Engineering | Housing. Drainage and Sewers. Water Supplies. |\n| Quarantine and Epidemic Diseases. | Medical Research and Pathological Investigation. Pasteur Institutes, Vaccine and Sera Institutes. |\n| Medical Institutions | Leper Colonies. Hospitals. Sanatoria. Lunatic Asylums. Pharmacy biological Chemistry. Medical Schools. |\n\n## 67 \n\n### THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEALTH AND MEDICAL SYSTEM OF THE FEDERATED MALAY STATES.\n\nThe History of the Medical and Sanitary Services of the Federated Malay States shows that until 1907 there was a separate Medical Department for each of the four States which form the Federation. There were for each a State Surgeon and a number of Medical Officers. There was no separation of the Health from Medical Services, and the duties pertaining to both sides were performed by the Medical Officer who had no special qualification in Public Health.\n\nIn 1902 was established the Institute for Medical Research to enquire into the cause of Beri-beri and other diseases whose cause and distribution were obscure. This Institute, which started with one qualified worker, gradually developed until now it has a staff of thirteen European Officers, of which eight are medical men, four are chemists, and one is an entomologist.\n\nIn 1907 a Federal Health Officer was appointed whose duties were principally advisory. In 1910 there were two Health Officers whose duties were partly advisory, partly executive. In 1911 was formed the Health Branch of the Medical Department with a Senior Health Officer and four Health Officers. The number of Health Officers gradually grew until the Health Branch now consists of 40 European Health Officers, 3 Senior Health Officer and 1 Chief Health Officer.\n\nThe Medical side has a European personnel of 62.\n\nThere is a Veterinary Branch with four Veterinary Surgeons.\n\nOver the whole is the Principal Medical Officer.\n\nAll Health Officers, Medical Officers and Research Officers are required to co-operate where necessary with the District Officers, but in no case is an officer of the Medical Department under the orders of a layman other than the British Resident of a State or the Chief Secretary.\n\nThe Health Branch deals with health work under the Sanitary Boards Enactment, the Quarantine and Prevention of Disease Enactment, the Labour Code, the Health Board Enactment, the Sale of Food and Drugs Enactment, with Anti-malaria work, with School Hygiene, with Maternity and Child Welfare, and with Propaganda.\n\nThe Chief Health Officer is Registrar General of Births and deaths, and Supt. of Vaccination. The State or Senior Health Officers are Registrars each in his own State. The District Health Officers and the Police are Deputy Registrars.\n\nGovernment has assumed responsibility for the Medical care of all the indigent sick of whatever nationality and whether or not they be British subjects.\n\nThere are 47 Hospitals—a Mental Hospital, two Leper Settlements, two Radiological Institutes.\n\nOn the Health side, there are infectious disease hospitals in every district; there is a quarantine station at Port Swettenham with accommodation for 7,000 persons.\n\nOn the investigation side, there is the Institution of Medical Research at Kuala Lumpur—which is thoroughly up-to-date and which includes a Malaria Bureau.\n\nIn a few months, there will be a second institute.\n\nUrban sanitation is carried out under the Sanitary Board, of which the Health Officer is both a member and an adviser. The Sanitary Department works under the direct supervision of the Health Officer.\n\nThe Board is responsible for policy in carrying out the Sanitary Regulations, but the Health Officer is responsible to the Board for detail in carrying out that policy.\n\n## 87",
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        "id": 528404,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-531-13 Proposed reorganization of the medical and sanitary services 18-11-1930 - 7-7-1933",
        "page_number": 56,
        "title": "CO129-531-13 Proposed reorganization of the medical and sanitary services 18-11-1930 - 7-7-1933",
        "content_text": "## K. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANISATION IN THE BRITISH ARMY.\n\n## L. PROPOSALS FOR A SANITARY ORGANISATION FOR GREECE.\n\nIn 1886 Lord Wolseley wrote- \"The Sanitary Officer as a general rule is a very useless functionary. In future so long as this fad continues my recommendation is to leave him at the base.\"\n\nFollowing this lead the Combattant Officers treated the Army Doctors as a class which must be endured but which ought not to be encouraged. The status of the Army Medical Officer dropped and with it the recruitment of suitable men. The corps became poor in quality and insufficient in quantity. The more it went downhill the more it lost prestige with the Combattant Service and the more difficult became the organisation and control of measures for the prevention and cure of disease. The vicious circle or rather the vicious spiral continued until it was found impossible to fill the establishment. Doctors refused to join a Service where they were looked down on by those who had been fellow students in school and in college. The blame was placed on the British Medical Association for not encouraging its members to join when it should have been placed on the shoulders of those who considered themselves the senior service, and who refused to recognise the just claims of the Medical Officers.\n\nThe South African war showed the folly of this policy. In an average army strength of 208,000 there were in two and a half years 58,000 cases of Enteric with 8,000 deaths. There were 7,000 killed in action. The incidence rate was therefore 110 per 1,000 per year and the death rate was 15 per 1,000 per year, among a body of carefully picked men operating in what is generally considered to be one of the most salubrious districts of the world.\n\nAfter the war every effort (except that of offering proper status and pay) was made to stimulate recruiting. Officers visited the various medical schools and universities lauding the advantages of the service but with little result. Good men would not join.\n\nAt last radical changes were made. The corps was created a Royal Corps, its Officers were given full military rank and titles and equality with the Combattant Officers. Competition for admission became active, and the establishment became complete.\n\nDuring the Great War on the Western Front with an average army strength of 1,250,000 there were in four and a half years 7,500 cases of Enteric with 266 deaths. The incidence rate was 1.33 per mille per year and the death rate 0.048 per mille per year.\n\nPrior to the war, sanitary work had been carried out by the Regimental Medical Officer. During the war, as the need for specialisation became more apparent, the separation of the Medical Corps into Sanitary and Clinical Units became more and more complete.\n\nAt the close of the War, it was realised that a re-organisation was necessary to allow for the differentiation of duties required by the development of medical science and to ensure the proper promotion of those men who desired to specialise in the important branches of Hygiene and Pathology. The Service was therefore divided into three branches, the Hygiene Branch, the Pathological Branch, and the Medical Branch, each under its own Director and all under the general supervision of the Director General of the Army Medical Service. This is the organisation as it is today.\n\n## League of NATIONS HEALTH ORGANISATION\n\n### Collaboration with the Greek Government in the Sanitary re-organisation of Greece.\n\nThe Under Secretary of State for the Greek Government in a letter to the Medical Director of the Health Section of the League requests the assistance of the Health Organisation of the League in the sanitary re-organisation of Greece.\n\nThe League declares its willingness to help and proposes that its President and permanent Vice-President together with Professor Leon Bernard, Sir Geo. Buchanan and the Chairman of the Malaria Commission should hold themselves at the disposal of the Council of the League of Nations and the Greek Authorities to give assistance if so desired in the matter of carrying out enquiries and giving advice.\n\nThe League sent to Athens to make surveys as a foundation for advice: \n- Dr. Rajchman, Medical Director of the League.\n- Prof. Haven Emerson of the University of Columbia.\n- Dr. Allen McLaughton of the U.S.P.H.S. Service.\n- Dr. C. L. Park of the Australian Commonwealth Health Service.\n- Prof. B. Boric, Director of the Institute and School of Hygiene, Zagreb.\n- Dr. M. D. Mackenzie of the Health Section of the League of Nations.\n\nThe President and permanent Vice-President of the Health Committee, Sir Geo. Buchanan, the Chairman of the Malaria Commission and Prof. Pittaluga, Professor of Parasitology of the University of Madrid and member of the Malaria Commission went to Athens and met the survey committee on April 7th, 1929.\n\n### Extract RECOMMENDATION OF THE COMMITTEE.\n\n| Recommendation |\n| --- |\n| Satisfactory results cannot be obtained from any mere expansion of the present system or lack of system. The Public Health Service to be effective must be arranged on a new basis. |\n| The technical personnel of the P.H. Service whether working in the centres or the provinces should consist of men thoroughly trained in modern methods of preventing disease and in the modern practice of hygiene. |\n| The Public Health Service should have Sanitary Inspectors and Health Visitors. |\n| The establishment of new technical services and of a School of Hygiene is essential. |\n| At first, experts from abroad are necessary. |\n| Greek Officers should be sent abroad to study pending the completion of the School of Hygiene. Hospital nurses and sanitary inspectors should start training now. |\n| A nucleus of the permanent Hellenic Health Service should be started at the earliest practical date. It should consist of a School of Hygiene and new technical service at the Centre (Athens) and in the province of the personnel responsible for the areas selected for the scheme. |\n| There should be a Central Sanitary Administration to which should be transferred those central services which at present are included in other Ministries. It should be an under-secretariat of health under the Prime Minister. |",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934",
        "page_number": 64,
        "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934",
        "content_text": "# SECTION IX.\n## SCIENTIFIC.\n\n### A.-Bacteriological Institute.\n\n489. The activities of the Institute include:—\n(a) the preparation of vaccine lymph.\n(b) the preparation of sera.\n(c) the preparation of bacterial vaccines.\n(d) the preparation of rabies vaccine,\n(e) examination of pathological material.\n(f) examination of waters, milks, etc., etc.\n(g) medical research.\n\n490. The Institute is under the charge of the Government Bacteriologist who is assisted by the Assistant Bacteriologist and four Laboratory Assistants.\n\n491. Particulars of the work done during the year are contained in the Annual Report of the Bacteriologist which is appended.\n\n### B. The Public Mortuaries.\n\n492. There are two public mortuaries, one being situated in Victoria and the other in Kowloon.\n\n493. At these places for the reception of the dead are received:\n(a) bodies from the Chinese Hospitals and Chinese Public Dispensaries for diagnosis.\n(b) bodies forwarded by Convents which have received them either moribund or dead from relatives and friends.\n(c) dumped bodies, that is to say, bodies which have been taken from the place of death under cover of the night and dumped in the streets or in the harbour to save the trouble and expense of burial. The great majority of these cases have died a natural death and there is no need for concealment.\n(d) bodies sent by the Police for medico-legal examination.\n(e) bodies sent by the Medical Officer of Health for examination for signs of infectious disease or for simple diagnosis.\n\n494. In all cases where a diagnosis cannot otherwise be made a sectio cadaveris is performed.\n\n495. All dead rats collected by the Sanitary Authorities are taken to the mortuaries for examination with regard to plague.\n\n496. The Public Mortuary, Victoria, is in charge of the Assistant Bacteriologist, but the Public Mortuary, Kowloon, is under a Medical Officer who has been detailed for this work in addition to his other duties.\n\n497. \n## PUBLIC MORTUARY, VICTORIA.\n### Report on Post-mortem Examinations 1932.\n\n| Category | Number |\n| --- | --- |\n| Number of examinations performed | 2,616 |\n| Male bodies examined | 1,223 |\n| Female bodies examined | 1,391 |\n| Sex unknown owing to advanced decomposition | 2 |\n| Claimed bodies sent from hospitals, etc. | 106 |\n| Unclaimed bodies mostly abandoned | 2,510 |\n| Number of Chinese bodies examined | 2,612 |\n| Number of Non-Chinese bodies examined | 4 |\n\n498. Bodies were received from the following sources:-\n| Source | Number |\n| --- | --- |\n| Victoria | 2,492 |\n| Harbour Police | 19 |\n| Shaukiwan District | 72 |\n| Other Villages | 33 |\n| Number of rats examined | 92,223 |\n| Number found plague infected | Nil. |\n\n499. \n## PUBLIC MORTUARY, KOWLOON,\n### Report on Post-mortem Examinations 1932.\n\n| Category | Number |\n| --- | --- |\n| Number of examinations performed | 3,369 |\n| Male bodies examined | 1,899 |\n| Female bodies examined | 1,464 |\n| Bodies of unknown sex (indistinguishable) | 6 |\n| Claimed bodies sent from Hospitals, etc. | 287 |\n| Unclaimed bodies mostly abandoned | 3,082 |\n| Number of Chinese bodies examined | 3,360 |\n| Number of Non-Chinese bodies examined | 9 |",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-576-5 Hong Kong University 13-6-1939 - 23-11-1939",
        "page_number": 143,
        "title": "CO129-576-5 Hong Kong University 13-6-1939 - 23-11-1939",
        "content_text": "# Refresher Courses.\n\ndone so much for the advanced training of medical graduates in Oriental countries. Such scholarships would also be a fitting object of private benevolence.\n\n29. We recommend that one or two vacation courses in medical and surgical subjects should be offered annually and that admission to the courses should be given as widely as possible to medical practitioners in Hong Kong and the surrounding country.\n\n## Pathology and Bacteriology.\n\n30. We endorse the recommendation made by the University (1937) Committee for closer co-operation between the University Department of Pathology and the Government Institute of Bacteriology. Only in this way can sufficient teaching material be acquired. We note with satisfaction that negotiations aiming at closer co-operation are now proceeding.\n\n## Dentistry.\n\n31. We recommend that if and when a Government Dental Officer is appointed, the University should apply for his assistance in order that elementary instruction in the surgery of dentistry may become a part of undergraduate medical courses.\n\n32. After discussion with Dr. P. S. Clarke, Director of Medical Services, we concluded that an Institute of Public Health, not merely as an aid to the health services of the Colony, but in relation to China, is a highly desirable development, provided it can be well staffed and well equipped. The University alone has neither the men nor the resources to undertake responsibility for a really good Institute. Unless the Government is prepared to take a major share in its foundation, it would be better merely to continue undergraduate Public Health teaching as it is now organized. But the value of an Institute to the Colony emboldens us to hope that the help of the Government will be given generously. Help from educational or philanthropic Trusts can only reasonably be expected after we have shown in practice that the Institute is able to make a serious contribution to Public Health teaching and work in China. We therefore propose for the consideration of the Government and the University the outlines of a scheme of an Institute in three divisions:\n\n(i) of Hygiene and Epidemiology housed in a major Government Health Centre near the University. The work done therein would, except for teaching, be work for which the Government has already assumed responsibility. It would be under the control of a Government Officer who would, in addition, be Professor of Preventive Medicine and Public Health in the University. As Director of the Institute, he would be in charge of the organization of all Public Health teaching.\n\n(ii) of Pathological Sciences to be taught in the University, and directed by the University Professor of Pathology. It is an important feature of the scheme that this Division would do all diagnostic work for Victoria and be, as well, a teaching centre. It would, in fact, be organized by the amalgamation of the University staff in Pathology with such staff as Government could furnish for general diagnostic work for Victoria generally. Parasitology, for which no organized provision is at present made in the University, would be a major part of this Division. A trained parasitologist and two Chinese assistants would be required for the work envisaged. The Professor of Pathology would be under the Director only in so far as was necessary for the organization of teaching and research in Public Health subjects.\n\n(iii) of Biochemistry and Nutrition. The appointment of a Lecturer in Biochemistry is recommended earlier in this Report (para. 27 above). He would work under the direction of the Professor of Physiology.\n\n## Public Health.\n\n33. We are of opinion that such an Institute would strengthen the health services of the Colony and would provide better teaching for medical undergraduates, but that the additional spending would be justified only if it went still further, to make possible the award of a Diploma in Public Health. There is little provision in China for such a post-graduate qualification. We think that in offering a good course of this kind, sufficiently thorough to warrant the award of a Diploma worthy of recognition...",
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        "document_key": "CO129-591-1 Hong Kong University Advisory Committee- recommendations 10-1-1944 - 5-12-1944",
        "page_number": 30,
        "title": "CO129-591-1 Hong Kong University Advisory Committee- recommendations 10-1-1944 - 5-12-1944",
        "content_text": "EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.\n\n[July 21, 1939\n\n32\n\nKong for the protection of the community or the prevention of disease. This, however, was immediately remedied, and a comprehensive course of instruction was prescribed which, in addition to detailed theoretical lectures, included a series of outdoor demonstrations, organised in six sections for Public Health and quarantine, water supplies and sewage disposal, Public Health and vital statistics, medical inspection of school children, health propaganda and child welfare, and anti-malarial measures; in all, forty demonstrations of two hours each. Each section was in charge of a separate Medical Officer of the Public Health Department. The course, both theoretical and practical, as explained to me, seemed much too comprehensive for undergraduate instruction leading to a medical degree. Nor could the exclusive requirements prescribed in the syllabus of lectures and demonstrations be carried out in practice, except to the detriment of other subjects of the curriculum.\n\n24. Most of the students in the University settle in Hong Kong after graduation, and some are appointed to posts in the Government Medical Departments. The Director of Medical Services is, therefore, directly interested in the knowledge of Public Health which the students acquire through the instruction which his department provides. By arrangement between the University and the Director of Medical Services, there should be no difficulty in re-organising the courses of study, theoretical and practical, to satisfy the special needs of Hong Kong and the requirements of the University with regard to other subjects of the curriculum. Nor should there be any difficulty in the provision by the Medical Department of a senior and experienced officer to be responsible for the instruction as a whole, and to direct the several parts on behalf of the University. The requirements of Government service necessarily involve transfers, and in the past, the frequent changes of staff have seriously interfered with the teaching. Reasonable continuity of office should be ensured if this subject is to receive the attention its importance demands.\n\n25. In 1934, a project was under discussion for the appointment of a Professor of Public Health, and the establishment of a department in the Faculty of Medicine. The project was dropped for financial reasons. It is, however, very necessary that the University in Hong Kong should be directly associated with the provision of education in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, and that pending the formation of a University department, arrangements should be made to provide accommodation within the University for the Officer of the Medical Department who is appointed to take charge of the courses of instruction.\n\n26. Forensic Medicine.-Medico-legal post-mortem examinations are very numerous in Hong Kong. The student has unrivalled opportunities to gain experience. Instruction is provided by the officer of the Bacteriological Institute in charge of the Victoria mortuary, and consists of lectures and demonstrations. There is no practical work. The lecturer, who has great experience, adapts the instruction to the special needs of Chinese students. Stress is laid on the conduct of a medical witness in court-under cross-examination and in the actual giving of evidence. The importance of carrying out a medico-legal post-mortem examination as a basis for any legal procedure which might follow is emphasised. The examination of modern methods of blood stains is described, and modern advances in the treatment of poisoning are detailed. The course is one of great value. The subject is of as much importance in the Far Eastern medical institutions as at home, and in Hong Kong, advantage is taken of the opportunities at hand. Accommodation in the University should be provided for this subject, and the specimens of medico-legal interest in the possession of the Lecturer should be housed in the Pathological Museum.\n\nCLINICAL INSTRUCTION.\n\n27. The main centre of clinical instruction is provided at the new Queen Mary Hospital, which was opened in May 1937. This magnificent hospital, situated on the south side of the island in open surroundings, 500 feet above sea level, embodies the latest improvements in hospital construction. It is completely equipped in all departments, and provides accommodation for 550 patients. Wards are allotted to the Medical, Surgical, and Gynaecological units of the University, are organised as teaching units under the direct control of the clinical professors, and provide opportunities\n\nPage 30\n\nPage 31\n\n33",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-591-1 Hong Kong University Advisory Committee- recommendations 10-1-1944 - 5-12-1944",
        "page_number": 40,
        "title": "CO129-591-1 Hong Kong University Advisory Committee- recommendations 10-1-1944 - 5-12-1944",
        "content_text": "26\n\nEXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.\n\n[July 21, 1939\n\n2:0\n\ncharge of the Hospital Pathologist, who since 1935 has been appointed Professor of Pathology in the College, and so directly linked up with the teaching. A comprehensive systematic and practical course is provided. Next year a series of weekly lecture-demonstrations is to be provided for fifth and sixth-year students. The students attend at the Tan Tock Seng Hospital mortuary daily for a period of one month for instruction in post-mortem technique. Each student performs about twenty post-mortem examinations under supervision of the Demonstrator in Pathology, and makes notes on what he has seen and done. Specimens of four or five tissues are taken at each autopsy and are sent to the Pathological Laboratory for examination and demonstration to students. There are, on an average, three post-mortems a day, which include medico-legal cases to which the attention of students taking Medical Jurisprudence is drawn.\n\n23. The Pathology building was undergoing complete reconstruction during my visit. It is to be enlarged and improved to provide better accommodation for routine hospital work as well as for teaching purposes. The Hospital Pathologist is also Lecturer in Forensic Medicine, and accommodation is to be provided in the enlarged building for housing medico-legal specimens, a measure which should assist in stimulating more interest in this subject.\n\n24. Public Health and Hygiene. In the Reports of 1926 and again in 1934 I referred to the necessity of developing a College department for Public Health and Hygiene, not only for the instruction of students and for the advancement of preventive medicine, but also as evidence of the recognition of the importance of the subject to the health of the individual and the community, and to the prosperity of the country.\n\n25. So far as the teaching of students is concerned, it is gratifying to record that a beginning has been made. A Public Health Museum has now been initiated, with a number of exhibits, drawings, and diagrams received from the Royal Sanitary Institute, London, which during 1939 is to be accommodated in the College of Medicine. I have hopes that this is the first stage of a College Department of Hygiene first suggested in 1926 as \"urgently required.”\n\nJuly 21, 1939]\n\nEXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.\n\n27\n\n26. The course of instruction has been completely reorganised by the Chief Health Officer, Singapore, who, with the generous co-operation of the various municipal departments, has planned a course of lectures, demonstrations, and practical field instruction in rural areas far in advance of anything observed on previous visits. Included in the training is a health survey in villages undertaken by each student in the vacation, the object of which is to awaken interest in the ideals of prevention and to afford to the student an insight into the opportunities for service in the field of hygiene. For women students, it is proposed to provide a modified field survey dealing more intimately with rural maternity and child welfare work.\n\nIn no subject did I observe such a marked change as compared with 1934.\n\n27. Medicine and Surgery. Instruction in Medicine and Surgery is organised as in 1934, and is given partly at the General Hospital and partly at Tan Tock Seng Hospital.\n\nBoth are Government Hospitals under the administration of the Director of Medical Services.\n\nThe General Hospital is situated in the hospital area close to the College of Medicine, students' hostels, staff residences, and nursing quarters. It has 901 beds, is fully equipped, and has a specialist and assistant staff drawn from the Government Medical Service. Medical and surgical cases of all kinds are admitted, classified as first, second, and third classes according to the rates of payment. There are also special departments for Diseases of Children, of the Eye, and of the Ear, Nose, and Throat, of the Skin, for Radiology, and for Venereal Diseases. There are 547 third-class patients—medical and surgical, 372 male and 175 female—most of whom can afford to pay a small daily contribution.\n\n28. The Tan Tock Seng Hospital is a \"free\" hospital utilised for sick poor, usually of a decrepit or pauper type. No females or children are admitted. Patients are attended by ward orderlies. It is situated four miles from the General Hospital and College of Medicine. The number of beds is 700, located in a series of separate one-storied wards.\n\n49\n\nPage 40\n\nPage 41",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-593-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45 12-1-1946 - 27-10-1946",
        "page_number": 138,
        "title": "CO129-593-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45 12-1-1946 - 27-10-1946",
        "content_text": "# FACULTY OF MEDICINE\n\n146\n\n50. The College of Medicine existed, as a chartered institution, prior to the establishment of the University. It has established a high reputation, and rising standards of education have been maintained throughout its history. Its graduates are in general and specialist practice in Hong Kong, China, Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies. Its qualification is recognised by the General Medical Council as entitling to registration in Great Britain.\n\n51. In the past, the curriculum has conformed very largely to that found in medical schools in the British Isles. With the increased emphasis placed in recent times on prevention of disease, we feel that some modification should be made in the curriculum of the Hong Kong Medical School. In the past, it has had whole-time pre-medical and pre-clinical professors and lecturers, but it has been a recognised practice for the professors and lecturers in clinical subjects to act as government consultants. The Professor of Pathology also had duties in connection with the Queen Mary (Government) Hospital, which is the chief teaching hospital for University students. In order to achieve a close integration of teaching and practice in public health, it was arranged shortly before the war for the Deputy Director of the Medical Services of the Hong Kong Government to be ex-officio the Professor of Public Health in the University. We recommend the continuance of the arrangement for the clinical and pathological posts, but the teaching of preventive medicine has now become so important a part of the medical curriculum, embracing as it does teaching in social medicine and public health, that we recommend the formation of a University Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, under a full-time Head, who would be a professor in the University. This Department should be expanded as soon as possible to include a post-graduate course for a diploma in Social Medicine and Public Health, corresponding to the Diploma in Public Health course in Great Britain. It would then require two sub-sections: one for epidemiology and one for the practical application of the results of nutritional studies.\n\n52. We are fully aware of the difficulties which may arise in the appointment of professors and lecturers who at the same time hold posts in government or other teaching hospitals, and we suggest, for the consideration of the University, the possibility of the establishment of a joint Appointments Board to overcome these difficulties.\n\n53. It is now generally recognised that, in order to maintain freshness of outlook and competence in teaching, it is essential that the staff in the medical school should have adequate opportunities to undertake research, either individually or as part of a team. We recommend that the University should encourage, by the careful selection of its professors, the establishment in all departments in the Medical School of a reputation for original research work. A reputation of this type would make the recruitment of first-class staff easier.\n\n54. One of the weaknesses in the medical school in the past has been that the teaching of physiological chemistry in the Department of Physiology has not been as extensive as is now necessary with the great developments in bio-chemistry. This should be remedied by the establishment of a separate Department of Bio-Chemistry in the Faculty of Science, which would release the staff of the Physiological Department for teaching and research in experimental physiology.\n\n55. A scientific study of pharmacology would place it manifestly among the major subjects and would be a matter requiring the establishment of a separate department under its own professor. With the great developments in the treatment of disease by synthetic preparations, the necessity for the study of the pharmacological action of drugs is very great, if treatment of disease is to be on a logical instead of an empirical basis. While we have not included a professor in this subject amongst the staff proposed, we feel that the minimum necessity is a full-time lecturer in the subject, and recommend, for the consideration of the University, the early establishment of a Department of Pharmacology, in which research as well as teaching can be undertaken.\n\nPage 147\n\n47. In the Faculty of Arts, we have advocated a greater establishment in certain subjects in which the University of Hong Kong can make special contributions towards a fuller mutual understanding of Chinese and Western civilizations. It is more difficult in the Faculty of Science to find subjects peculiarly suited to the regional setting of the University that can be developed at moderate cost. The most appropriate, it appears to us, is Marine Biology, for which Hong Kong is specially well suited by its geographical position and environment. This has already been recognised through a Colonial Office grant for the building of a Fisheries Research Institute on the south side of the Island, to be directed jointly by the Government and the University. But for the war, the Institute's laboratories and museums would by now be in use.\n\nA research staff in 1940 and 1941 had already done good work and had established friendly relations with similar institutions which will shortly be revived at Amoy and on the China coast elsewhere. While the possibilities of original work in Botany and in other branches of Zoology are limited, there is hope in the work of this Institute for real contributions to knowledge as well as for practical assistance for the very important but undeveloped fishing industry. It is likely to play no small part in replacing the Japanese by a Chinese deep-sea trawling industry in these waters. The scheme of the Research Institute makes provision for fellowships which it is hoped hereafter to increase in numbers, and for vacation courses for Chinese scientific workers.\n\n48. Hitherto, bio-chemistry has been a minor subject in the Department of Physiology and has been no more than an ancillary subject in medical studies. Modern developments in the science demand that a separate Department for this subject should be provided in any university that possesses a Faculty of Medicine.\n\n49. The staff of the Faculty should include:\n\n  \n    \n    Professors\n    Readers\n    Lecturers\n    Part-time Lecturers\n    Demonstrators\n  \n  \n    Physics\n    1\n    1\n    2\n    3 or 4\n    \n  \n  \n    Chemistry\n    1\n    1\n    2\n    3 or 4\n    \n  \n  \n    Zoology and Botany\n    1\n    \n    2\n    3\n    7\n  \n  \n    Biochemistry\n    1\n    \n    2\n    \n    2\n  \n  \n    Total\n    4\n    2\n    8\n    9 or 11\n    9\n  \n\nsuch a programme of research in Marine Biology as is suggested in the late paragraphs. The Committee also propose the institution of a Department of Biochemistry.\n\nPage 148",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "page_number": 17,
        "title": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "content_text": "## Faculty of Science\n\n47. In the Faculty of Arts, we have advocated a greater establishment in certain subjects in which the University of Hong Kong can make special contributions towards a fuller mutual understanding of Chinese and Western civilizations. It is more difficult in the Faculty of Science to find subjects peculiarly suited to the regional setting of the University that can be developed at moderate cost. Marine Biology is the most appropriate, for which Hong Kong is specially well suited by its geographical position and environment. This has already been recognised through a Colonial Office grant for the building of a Fisheries Research Institute on the South side of the Island, to be directed jointly by the Government and the University. But for the war, the Institute's laboratories and museums would by now be in use. \n\nA research staff in 1940 and 1941 had already done good work and had established friendly relations with similar institutions which will shortly be revived at Amoy and on the China coast elsewhere. While the possibilities of original work in Botany and in other branches of Zoology are limited, there is hope in the work of this Institute for real contributions to knowledge as well as for practical assistance for the very important but undeveloped fishing industry. It is likely to play no small part in replacing the Japanese by a Chinese deep-sea trawling industry in these waters. The scheme of the Research Institute makes provision for fellowships which it is hoped hereafter to increase in numbers, and for vacation courses for Chinese scientific workers.\n\n48. Hitherto, bio-chemistry has been a minor subject in the Department of Physiology and has been no more than an ancillary subject in medical studies. Modern developments in the science demand that a separate Department for this subject should be provided in any university that possesses a Faculty of Medicine.\n\n49. The staff of the Faculty should include:\n\n| Subject | Professors | Readers | Lecturers | Part-time Demonstrators/Lecturers |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Physics | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 or 4 |\n| Chemistry | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 or 4 |\n| Zoology and Botany | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 or 4 |\n| Biochemistry | 1 | ... | ... | ... |\n\n## Faculty of Medicine\n\n50. The College of Medicine existed, as a chartered institution, prior to the establishment of the University. It has established a high reputation, and rising standards of education have been maintained throughout its history. Its graduates are in general and specialist practice in Hong Kong, China, Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies. Its qualification is recognised by the General Medical Council as entitling to registration in Great Britain.\n\n51. In the past, the curriculum has conformed very largely to that found in medical schools in the British Isles. With the increased emphasis placed in recent times on prevention of disease, we feel that some modification should be made in the curriculum of the Hong Kong Medical School. In the past, it has had whole-time pre-medical and pre-clinical professors and lecturers, but it has been a recognised practice for the professors and lecturers in clinical subjects to act as government consultants. The Professor of Pathology, also, has had duties in connection with the Queen Mary (Government) Hospital, which is the chief teaching hospital for University students. In order to achieve a close integration of teaching and practice in public health, it was arranged shortly before the war for the Deputy Director of the Medical Services of the Hong Kong Government to be ex-officio the Professor of Public Health in the University. We recommend the continuance of the arrangement for the clinical and pathological posts, but the teaching of preventive medicine has now become so important a part of the medical curriculum, embracing as it does teaching in social medicine and public health, that we recommend the formation of a University Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, under a full-time Head, who would be a professor, in the University. This Department should be expanded as soon as possible to include a post-graduate course for a diploma in Social Medicine and Public Health, corresponding to the Diploma in Public Health course in Great Britain. It would then require two sub-sections: one for epidemiology and one for the practical application of the results of nutritional studies.\n\n52. We are fully aware of the difficulties which may arise in the appointment of professors and lecturers who at the same time hold posts in government or other teaching hospitals, and we suggest, for the consideration of the University, the possibility of the establishment of a joint Appointments Board to overcome these difficulties.\n\n53. It is now generally recognised that, in order to maintain freshness of outlook and competence in teaching, it is essential that the staff in the medical school should have adequate opportunities to undertake research, either individually or as part of a team. We recommend that the University should encourage, by the careful selection of its professors, the establishment in all departments in the Medical School of a reputation for original research work. A reputation of this type would make the recruitment of first-class staff easier.\n\n54. One of the weaknesses in the medical school in the past has been that the teaching of physiological chemistry in the Department of Physiology has not been as extensive as is now necessary with the great developments in bio-chemistry. This should be remedied by the establishment of a separate Department of Bio-Chemistry in the Faculty of Science, which would release the staff of the Physiological Department for teaching and research in experimental physiology.\n\n55. A scientific study of pharmacology would place it manifestly among the major subjects and would be a matter requiring the establishment of a separate department under its own professor. With the great developments in the treatment of disease by synthetic preparations, the necessity for the study of the pharmacological action of drugs is very great, if treatment of disease is to be on a logical instead of an empirical basis. While we have not included a professor in this subject amongst the staff proposed, we feel that the minimum necessity is a full-time lecturer in the subject, and recommend, for the consideration of the University, the early establishment of a Department of Pharmacology, in which research as well as teaching can be undertaken.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "page_number": 36,
        "title": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "content_text": "18\n\nsuch a programme of research in Marine Biology as is suggested in the later paragraphs. The Committee also propose the institution of a Department of Biochemistry.\n\n47. In the Faculty of Arts we have advocated a greater establishment in certain subjects in which the University of Hong Kong can make special contributions towards a fuller mutual understanding of Chinese and Western civilizations. It is more difficult in the Faculty of Science to find subjects peculiarly suited to the regional setting of the University that can be developed at moderate cost. The most appropriate, it appears to us, is Marine Biology, for which Hong Kong is specially well suited by its geographical position and environment. This has already been recognised through a Colonial Office grant for the building of a Fisheries Research Institute on the South side of the Island, to be controlled jointly by the Government and the University. But for the war, the Institute's laboratories and museums would by now be in use.\n\nA research staff in 1940 and 1941 had already done good work and had established friendly relations with similar institutions which will shortly be revived at Amoy and on the China coast elsewhere. While the possibilities of original work in Botany and in other branches of Zoology are limited, there is hope in the work of this Institute for real contributions to knowledge as well as for practical assistance for the very important but undeveloped fishing industry. It's likely to play no small part in replacing the Japanese by a Chinese deep-sea trawling industry in these waters. The scheme of the Research Institute makes provision for fellowships which it is hoped hereafter to increase in numbers, and for vacation courses for Chinese scientific workers.\n\n48. Hitherto bio-chemistry has been a minor subject in the Department of Physiology and has been no more than an ancillary subject in medical studies. Modern developments in the science demand that a separate Department for this subject should be provided in any university that possesses a Faculty of Medicine.\n\n49. The staff of the Faculty should include:\n\n| Subject | Professors | Readers | Lecturers | Part-time Lecturers | Demonstrators |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Physics | 1 | 1 | 3 or 4 |  | 2 |\n| Chemistry | 1 | 1 | 3 or 4 |  |  |\n| Zoology and Botany | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 |\n| Biochemistry | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 9 or 11 |\n\n## FACULTY OF MEDICINE\n\n50. The College of Medicine existed, as a chartered institution, prior to the establishment of the University. It has established a high reputation, and rising standards of education have been maintained throughout its history. Its graduates are in general and specialist practice in Hong Kong, China, Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies. Its qualification is recognised by the General Medical Council as entitling to registration in Great Britain.\n\n51. In the past, the curriculum has conformed very largely to that found in medical schools in the British Isles. With the increased emphasis placed in recent times on prevention of disease, we feel that some modification should be made in the curriculum of the Hong Kong Medical School. It has had whole-time pre-medical and pre-clinical professors and lecturers, but it has been a recognised practice for the professors and lecturers in clinical subjects to act as government consultants. The Professor of Pathology, also, has had duties in connection with the Queen Mary (Government) Hospital, which is the chief teaching hospital for University students. In order to achieve a close integration of teaching and practice in public health, it was arranged shortly before the war for the Deputy Director of the Medical Services of the Hong Kong Government to be ex-officio the Professor of Public Health in the University. We recommend the continuance of the arrangement for the clinical and pathological posts, but the teaching of preventive medicine has now become so important a part of the medical curriculum, embracing as it does teaching in social medicine and public health, that we recommend the formation of a University Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, under a full-time Head, who would be a professor, in the University. This Department should be expanded as soon as possible to include a post-graduate course for a diploma in Social Medicine and Public Health, corresponding to the Diploma in Public Health course in Great Britain. It would then require two sub-sections: one for epidemiology and one for the practical application of the results of nutritional studies.\n\n52. We are fully aware of the difficulties which may arise in the appointment of professors and lecturers who at the same time hold posts in government or other teaching hospitals, and we suggest, for the consideration of the University, the possibility of the establishment of a joint Appointments Board to overcome these difficulties.\n\n53. It is now generally recognised that, in order to maintain freshness of outlook and competence in teaching, it is essential that the staff in the medical school should have adequate opportunities to undertake research, either individually or as part of a team. We recommend that the University should encourage, by the careful selection of its professors, the establishment in all departments in the Medical School of a reputation for original research work. A reputation of this type would make the recruitment of first-class staff easier.\n\n54. One of the weaknesses in the medical school in the past has been that the teaching of physiological chemistry in the Department of Physiology has not been as extensive as is now necessary with the great developments in bio-chemistry. This should be remedied by the establishment of a separate Department of Bio-Chemistry in the Faculty of Science, which would release the staff of the Physiological Department for teaching and research in experimental physiology.\n\n55. A scientific study of pharmacology would place it manifestly among the major subjects and would be a matter requiring the establishment of a separate department under its own professor. With the great developments in the treatment of disease by synthetic preparations, the necessity for the study of the pharmacological action of drugs is very great, if treatment of disease is to be on a logical instead of an empirical basis. While we have not included a professor in this subject amongst the staff proposed, we feel that the minimum necessity is a full-time lecturer in the subject, and recommend, for the consideration of the University, the early establishment of a Department of Pharmacology, in which research as well as teaching can be undertaken.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
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        "title": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "content_text": "131 \n-18- \n\npractical assistance for the very important but undeveloped fishing industry. It is likely to play no small part in replacing the Japanese by a Chinese deep-sea trawling industry in these waters. The scheme of the Research Institute makes provision for fellowships which it is hoped hereafter to increase in numbers, and for vacation courses for Chinese scientific workers.\n\n18. Hitherto Biochemistry has been a minor subject in the Department of Physiology and has been no more than an ancillary subject in medical studies. Modern developments in the science demand that a separate Department for this subject should be provided in any university that possesses a Faculty of Medicine.\n\n19. The staff of the Faculty should include:\n\n|          | Professors | Readers | Lecturers | Part-time Lecturers | Demonstrators |\n|----------|------------|---------|----------|---------------------|---------------|\n| Physics   | 3 or 4     |         | 1        | 1                   | 3             |\n| Chemistry | 3 or 4     |         | 1        | 1                   | 7             |\n| Zoology & Botany | 2 | 1       | 1        | 1                   |               |\n| Biochemistry | 1    |         | 1        |                     | 1             |\n\n## FACULTY OF MEDICINE\n\n20. The College of Medicine existed, as a chartered institution, prior to the establishment of the University. It has established a high reputation, and rising standards of education have been maintained throughout its history. Its graduates are in general and specialist practice in Hong Kong, China, Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies. Its qualification is recognised by the General Medical Council as entitling to registration in Great Britain.\n\n21. In the past, the curriculum has conformed very largely to that found in medical schools in the British Isles. With the increased emphasis placed in recent times on prevention of disease, the Committee feels that some modification should be made in the curriculum of the Hong Kong School to adjust its teaching in this respect the better to meet the pressing medical needs in the Far East. The Medical School in the past has had, for the pre-medical and pre-clinical periods, whole-time professors and lecturers, but in the three clinical years, it has been a recognised practice for the professors and lecturers in clinical subjects also to act as government consultants. The Professor of Pathology, also, has had duties in connection with the Queen Mary (Government) Hospital, which is the chief teaching hospital for University students. In order to achieve a close integration of teaching and practice in public health, it was arranged shortly before the war for the Deputy Director of the Medical Services of the Hong Kong Government to be ex-officio the Professor of Public Health in the University. The Committee recommends the continuance of the arrangement for the clinical and pathological posts, but the teaching of preventive medicine has now become so important a part of the medical curriculum, embracing as it does teaching in social medicine and public health, that the Committee recommends the supersession of the previous arrangement by the formation of a \n\n/University",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "page_number": 142,
        "title": "CO129-594-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee report 1-7-1946 - 19-8-1946",
        "content_text": "169 \n-18- \n\npractical assistance for the very important but undeveloped fishing industry. It is likely to play no small part in replacing the Japanese by a Chinese deep-sea trawling industry in these waters. The scheme of the Research Institute makes provision for fellowships which it is hoped hereafter to increase in numbers, and for vacation courses for Chinese scientific workers.\n\n48 \nHitherto Biochemistry has been a minor subject in the Department of Physiology and has been no more than an ancillary subject in medical studies. Modern developments in the science demand that a separate Department for this subject should be provided in any university that possesses a Faculty of Medicine.\n\n48 \nThe staff of the Faculty should include:\n| Subject | Professors | Readers/Lecturers | Part-time Demonstrators |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Physics | 1 |  | 2 |\n| Chemistry | 1 | 3 or 4 | 3 |\n| Zoology & Botany | 2 | 3 or 4 | • |\n| Biochemistry | 1 | 1 | 1 |\n|  |  | 1 | 1 |\n| Total | 5 | 9 or 11 | 7 |\n\n## FACULTY OF MEDICINE \n5040. \nThe College of Medicine existed, as a chartered institution, prior to the establishment of the University. It has established a high reputation, and rising standards of education have been maintained throughout its history. Its graduates are in general and specialist practice in Hong Kong, China, Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies. Its qualification is recognised by the General Medical Council as entitling to registration in Great Britain.\n\n51 \nIn the past, the curriculum has conformed very largely to that found in medical schools in the British Isles. With the increased emphasis in recent times on prevention of disease, the Committee feel that some modification should be made in the curriculum of the Hong Kong School to adjust its teaching in this regard the better to test the pressing medical needs in the Colony. The Medical School in the past has had, for the pre-medical and pre-clinical years, whole-time professors and lecturers, but in the three clinical years, it has been a recognised practice for the professors and lecturers in clinical subjects to act as government consultants. The Professor of Pathology, also, has had duties in connection with the Queen Mary (Government) Hospital, which is the chief teaching hospital for University students. In order to achieve a close integration of teaching and practice in public health, it was arranged shortly before the war for the Deputy Director of the Medical Services of the Hong Kong Government to be ex-officio the Professor of Public Health in the University. The Committee recommend the continuance of the arrangement for the clinical and pathological posts, but the teaching of Preventive medicine has now become so important a part of the medical curriculum, embracing as it does teaching in social medicine and public health, that the Committee recommend the strengthening of the Department by the formation of a ...",
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    {
        "id": 582663,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-595-9 The British Military Administration of Hong Kong- report- 1946 11-7-1946 - 2-9-1946",
        "page_number": 112,
        "title": "CO129-595-9 The British Military Administration of Hong Kong- report- 1946 11-7-1946 - 2-9-1946",
        "content_text": "## D.\n## E.\n## F.\n\n- 8.\n152\n\nAs the population of the Colony is steadily increasing, a portion of the former Refugee Camp at North Point is being reconstructed so as to relieve the pressure on the Chinese Hospitals. It is expected that close on 400 patients of the more chronic type and those suffering from deficiency diseases could be treated there.\n\nThe Administration has also assumed financial responsibility for the Chinese Public Dispensaries and it is proposed to expand the work of these institutions by providing for ante-natal and Infant Welfare work to be undertaken.\n\n## St. John Ambulance Association & Brigade\n\nThe Administration has arranged to take over the work of the St. John Ambulance organisation in so far as Rural Dispensaries and Maternity Homes are concerned. Suitable premises are being sought for this purpose.\n\nAs a temporary measure the Administration has assumed responsibility for the Haw Par Hospital on Cheung Chow Island until the St. John Ambulance organisation in Hong Kong is reorganised and in a position to finance this hospital.\n\n## Bacteriological Institutes\n\nDr. K.T. Loke is acting as Pathologist, as Dr. A.V. Greaves has not yet arrived in the Colony.\n\nThe Institution in Victoria was as such throughout the occupation and, consequently, this building was intact, although in need of repairs. Some equipment had been removed from the Institute but sufficient equipment, chemicals, and stains remained to do routine examinations for hospitals and clinics.\n\nAnother Institute was set up in Kowloon by the Japanese and the layout, equipment, etc., are considered very suitable for the purpose. Prior to the Pacific War, plans had been prepared for the construction of a Pathological (& Bacteriological) Laboratory in Kowloon and the present Institute, although on a less ambitious scale, has proved most useful, especially now that transport is so inadequate.\n\nThe work of both Institutes has been steadily increasing although, so far, no vaccines or sera have been prepared locally.\n\nIn addition to clinical pathological and bacteriological investigations on materials submitted by hospitals, clinics, and practitioners, much work has been carried out in connection with samples of water, milk, etc., submitted by the Health Section, Water Authority, etc.\n\nThe experimental animals, with few exceptions, died from malnutrition or other causes during the occupation.\n\n## Government Laboratory\n\n### Reorganisation\n\nAs usual, all equipment and stores were left in a very dirty and chaotic state and Major Symons is to be complimented on his energy and initiative in restoring order and testing and identifying various chemicals, etc.\n\n### Analyses etc.\n\nThe work of the Laboratory has steadily increased. 105 samples of waters, waterworks chemicals, foodstuffs, wines, and spirits, and other materials have been analysed in addition to forensic and toxicological examinations.\n\n### Other Work\n\nA Field Method for the estimation of free fatty acids in Peanut Oil has been evolved for the use of the Supplies Branch. A number of chloroscopes have been produced for the Forces and the Waterworks Dept.\n\n### Advisory & Liaison\n\nMuch valuable advice has been given to other Branches.\n\n### Additional Staff\n\nis urgently required to cope with the ever-increasing work.",
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    {
        "id": 583385,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-597-2 Estimates 1949 1-3-1948 - 14-7-1949",
        "page_number": 81,
        "title": "CO129-597-2 Estimates 1949 1-3-1948 - 14-7-1949",
        "content_text": "# Head 19.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n## Estimate 1947-48 $3,778,375; Estimate 1948-49 $6,717,328\n\n## Personal Emoluments\n### A.--General\n\n| Sub-heads | Estimate 1947-48 | Estimate 1948-49 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 Personal emoluments | $3,778,375 | $6,717,328 |\n| 2 Artificial limbs | $6,000 | $6,000 |\n| 8 Bedding and clothing | $400,000 | $500,000 (67) |\n| 4 Expenses for courses of study and conferences | $30,000 | $30,000 |\n| 5 Expenses for dental panel | $17,500 | $12,500 (68) (69) |\n| 6 Fuel, light, and power | $600,000 | $600,000 |\n| 7 Grants to chaplains | $2,000 | $2,000 |\n| 8 Health propaganda | $2,500 | $22,500 (70) (71) |\n| 9 Incidental expenses | $10,000 | $12,000 (67) |\n| 10 Maintenance and transport of mental patients | $70,000 | $91,400 (67) (72) |\n| 11 Medical comforts | $10,000 | $10,000 |\n| 12 Medical expenses for schools | $10,000 | $10,000 |\n| 13 Various staff salaries |  |  |\n|   Motor Drivers ($1,152 x 848-$1,536) | $1,440 | $1,440 |\n|   Mortuary Attendants ($972 × $36—$1,296) | $1,425 | $4,215 |\n|   Cleansing Chargemen ($972 × 836-$1,296) |  | $24,799 (48) |\n|   Gangers ($768 × $24-$960) |  | $4,215 (52) |\n|   Dispensary Supervisors ($2,400: $2,400: $2,580 x $180-$3,300 × $300-$5,400) |  | $46,050 (55) |\n|   Assistant Dispensary Supervisor ($1,800: $1,800 × $180-$2,160) |  | $1,800 (55) |\n|   Rodent-control Foremen Class II ($1,800 × $120-$2,640) |  | $4,200 |\n|   Rodent-control Foremen Class III ($1,440 × $120-$1,680) |  | $3,600 |\n| 14 Notification fees, infections diseases | $10,000 | $1,800 (55) |\n| 15 Nursing and Midwives Board expenses | $6,500 | $6,500 |\n| 16 Preventive measures against infectious diseases | $50,000 | $1,000,000 |\n| 17 Provisions | $50,000 | $1,000,000 |\n| 18 Publications | $5,000 | $30,000 (69) |\n| 19 Relief of overcrowding of Chinese hospitals | $100,000 | $100,000 |\n| 20 Rent of premises | $93,480 | $134,000 (74) |\n| 21 Repairs and upkeep of plant and equipment | $25,000 | $123,500 (75) |\n| 22 Special treatment | $500 | $500 |\n| 23 Stores and equipment | $66,800 | $169,000 (76) (77) |\n| 24 Supplementary feeding of tuberculosis patients | $365,000 (78) |  |\n| 25 Training of health inspectors | $4,000 | $6,500 (79) |\n| 26 Travelling expenses | $55,000 | $55,000 |\n| 27 Uniforms | $156,000 | $220,000 (67) |\n| 28 Upkeep of vehicles | $100,000 | $188,000 (67) |\n| 29 Washing | $160,000 | $200,000 (67) |\n| 30 X-Ray apparatus, running expenses and maintenance | $50,000 | $64,000 (67) |\n| 31 X-Ray films | $50,000 | $79,000 (67) |\n\nVarious staff salaries (continued)\n| Position | Estimate 1947-48 | Estimate 1948-49 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Ambulance Attendants ($864 × $24-$960) | $2,160 | $33,878 (56) |\n| Telephone Boys ($864 × $24—$960) |  | $2,616 |\n| Office Attendants ($768 × $24-$960) | $1,643 | $7,442 |\n| Messengers ($528 × $24-$720) | $4,656 | $15,946 |\n| Ward Boys Class I ($864 × $24-$960) | $4,820 | $23,680 (57) |\n| Ward Boys Class II ($768 × 824-$840) |  | $34,536 (57) |\n| Cook Class I ($864 × $24-$960) | $1,068 | $5,880 (58) |\n| Cooks Class II ($768 x $24-$840) | $996 | $5,040 (58) |\n| Cooks Class III ($528 × $24-$720) | $9,085 | $29,370 (58) |\n| Amahs Class I ($864 × $24—$960) |  | $1,920 (58) |\n| Amahs Class II ($768 × $24-$840) |  | $5,880 (58) |\n| Amahs Class III ($624 × $24-$720) |  | $3,360 (58) |\n| Sew Amahs ($768 x $24-$840) |  | $4,536 (58) |\n| Wash Amahs ($624 × $24-$720) | $3,414 | $10,752 (58) |\n| Coolie Amahs ($528 x $24-$720) | $4,308 | $16,896 (58) |\n| Coolies ($528 × $24-$720) | $4,605 | $33,334 (59) |\n| Stores Attendants ($768 × $24-$960) | $984 | $2,304 (60) |\n| Laboratory Attendants ($768 × $24—$900) | $2,460 | $7,778 |\n| Animal House Attendants ($768 × $24~$960) | $600 | $1,920 (61) |\n| Lift Operators ($768 × $24—$960) | $1,800 | $4,952 (62) |\n| Watchmen ($624 × $24-$720) | $3,444 | $5,040 (63) |\n| Caretakers ($528 × $24-$720) | $824 | $3,240 (64) |\n| Stoker ($624 × $24—$720) | $216 | $624 (65) |\n| Cleansing Cookies ($624 × $24–$720) | $32,409 | $112,019 |\n| Scavenging Coolies ($528 x $24—$720) | $10,800 | $51,600 |\n| Rat Catchers and Searchers ($624 × $24- $720) | $7,200 | $9,600 (67) (73) |\n\n### B.--Medicines and instruments\n| Sub-heads | Estimate 1947-48 | Estimate 1948-49 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| B Medicines and instruments | $2,700,000 | $1,787,000 (69) |\n\n### C.--Port Health Office\n| Sub-heads | Estimate 1947-48 | Estimate 1948-49 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 32 Disinfecting & fumigating bureau | $50,000 | $50,000 |\n| 33 Fuel, light, and power | $1,250 | $1,250 |\n| 34 Incidental expenses | $2,000 | $2,000 |\n|   Temporary staff | $710,417 | $806,508 (66) |\n|   Acting pay | $15,000 | $15,000 |\n| 35 Travelling expenses |  | $600 |\n|   Uniforms |  | $1,400 (67) |\n|   Casual labour |  | $5,000 |\n|   Reptariation pay |  | $300,888 |\n|   Honoraria to Government consultants |  | $21,000 |\n|   Honorarium for births and deaths registry Clear Water Bay |  | $33,000 |\n|   Overtime allowance | $4,903 | $5,000 |\n|   Special allowances to menial staff during epidemic season | $2,000 | $3,000 (11) |\n\n### D.--Pathological Institute\n| Sub-heads | Estimate 1947-48 | Estimate 1948-49 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 36 Animals and fodder | $9,000 | $9,000 |\n| 37 Apparatus and chemicals | $8,600 | $12,000 (67) |\n| 38 Fuel, light, and power | $8,500 | $11,000 |\n| 39 Incidental expenses | $1,200 | $1,200 |\n| 40 Travelling expenses | $450 | $450 |\n|   Books and publications |  | $200 (80) |\n|   Uniforms |  | $750 (80) |\n|   Items not repeated | $48,444 |  |\n\n### E.--Malaria Bureau\n| Sub-heads | Estimate 1947-48 | Estimate 1948-49 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 41 Anti-malarial field work | $192,000 | $217,000 (67) |\n| 42 Fuel, light, and power | $3,500 | $3,500 |\n| 43 Incidental expenses | $1,000 | $1,000 |\n| 44 Stores and equipment | $11,300 | $12,300 (67) |\n| 45 Travelling expenses | $11,500 | $11,500 |\n|   Office equipment |  | $1,000 (80) |\n|   Uniforms |  | $8,000 (80) |\n\n### F.--Chemical Laboratory\n| Sub-heads | Estimate 1947-48 | Estimate 1948-49 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 46 Fuel, light, and power | $5,000 | $5,000 |\n| 47 Incidental expenses | $700 | $850 (67) |\n| 48 Stores and equipment | $10,000 | $10,000 |\n| 49 Travelling expenses | $250 | $250 |\n|   Books and publications |  | $2,000 (80) |\n|   Uniforms |  | $300 (80) |\n\n### G.--Grants-in-aid\n| Sub-heads | Estimate 1947-48 | Estimate 1948-49 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 50 Alice Memorial & affiliated hospitals | $15,000 | $900,000 (81) |\n| 51 Tung Wah & associated hospitals | $125,000 (81) | $2,500,000 (81) |\n\n## Total Personal Emoluments\n$3,778,375 | $6,717,328\n\n## Total Other Charges\n$7,280,611 | $8,807,750",
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    {
        "id": 583386,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-597-2 Estimates 1949 1-3-1948 - 14-7-1949",
        "page_number": 82,
        "title": "CO129-597-2 Estimates 1949 1-3-1948 - 14-7-1949",
        "content_text": "## Head 19.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\n### Estimate 1947-48 Estimate 1948-49\n\n#### Special Expenditure\n\n| Sub-heads | $ |\n| --- | --- |\n| 52 Equipment for Births and Deaths Registry | 1,250 |\n| 53 Equipment for Central Medical Store | 20,000 |\n| 54 Equipment for Pathological Institute | 6,780 |\n| 55 Equipment for Tuberculosis clinic | 56,800 |\n| 56 Equipment for Violet Peel Health Centre | 22,200 |\n| 57 Hospital equipment | 28,140 |\n| 58 Motor ambulances | 96,000 |\n| 59 Motor cars | 16,000 |\n| 60 Motor cycles | 3,000 |\n| Total Special Expenditure | 250,170 |\n| Total Expenditure | 15,775,248 |\n\n## Head 19.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\n(1) Title changed from Chinese Ophthalmic Surgeon. (2) Titles of six changed from Visiting Medical Officer, Chinese Health Officer, Senior Grade, Port Health Officer and Inspector of Emigrants, Second Port Health Officer and Inspector of Emigrants, Health Officer for Schools, and Health Officer (Social Hygiene). Ten posts re-graded.\n\n(3) Titles of 25 changed from Chinese Medical Officers, of three from Chinese Resident Medical Officers, of two from Chinese Health Officers, and of one from Chinese Health Officer, Social Hygiene. Ten posts re-graded.\n\n(4) Title changed from Lady Medical Officer. Two posts re-graded.\n\n(5) Title changed from Chinese Lady Medical Officers. (6) One post re-graded.\n\n(7) One post abolished.\n\n(8) One new post.\n\n(9) Title changed from Assistant Government Chemists.\n\n(10) One Matron Class I, one Senior Nursing Sister, and one Nursing Sister in place of three Matrons. (11) Considered necessary. (12) Titles of four changed from Assistant Matrons and of three from Chinese Nursing Sisters. Eight posts provided for under temporary staff. (13) Title of 37 changed from Probationary Nurses, of 29 from Staff Nurses, of 17 from Charge Nurses, of 13 from Infant Welfare Nurses, of five from School Nurses, of five from Social Hygiene Nurses, of three from Health Visitors, and of one from Dispensing Nurse.\n\n(14) Title of one changed from Senior Tutor Sister. (15) Title of one changed from Almoner. (16) Title changed from Chinese Lady Almoners. (17) 32 posts provided for under temporary staff. (18) Provided for under temporary staff.\n\n(19) One supernumerary post pending retirement of present holder.\n\n(20) Titles of ten changed from Probationary Dispensers, of five from Staff Dispensers, of five from Charge Dispensers Class II, of three from Charge Dispensers Class I, and of two from Senior Charge Dispensers.\n\n(21) Two new posts.\n\n(22) Titles of one changed from Female Radiographer and of one from X-Ray Sister.\n\n(23) Titles of two changed from Charge Radiographic Assistants Class II, of two from Radiographic Assistants, and of one from Staff Radiographic Assistant.\n\n(24) Titles of three changed from Probationer Masseuse and of two from Charge Masseuse.\n\n(25) Titles of three changed from Assistant Chemists and of one from Senior Laboratory Assistant. (26) Title changed from Dental Mechanic. (27) Title changed from Chinese Dental Inspector. (28) Title changed from Head Attendant. (29) Title changed from Assistant Attendant.\n\n(30) Titles of 23 changed from Probationary Dressers, of 13 from Charge Dressers, Class II, of 13 from Staff Dressers, of six from Charge Dressers, Class II, and of 5 from Senior Class Dressers.\n\n(31) Provided for under Prisons Department. (32) Title changed from Chief Inspector.\n\n(33) Title of 37 changed from Chinese Health Inspectors and of 28 from Chinese Health Inspectors, Probationers.\n\n(34) One Rodent Control Officer in place of one Health Inspector.\n\n(35) Titles of five changed from Inspectors, of four from Temporary Probationer Inspectors, and of three from Senior Malarial Inspectors.\n\n(36) Titles changed from Linen Room Assistant and Female Clerk and Storekeeper.\n\n(37) Title changed from Steward's Storeman. (39) Titles of 12 changed from Temporary Chinese Medical Officer, of five from Chinese Medical Officer, and of one from Medical Officer.\n\n(40) Titles of eight changed from House Officers and of two from House Medical Officers.\n\n(41) 17 supernumerary posts.\n\n(42) Titles of 21 changed from Staff Nurses, of six from Charge Nurses, and of five from Probationer Nurses.\n\n(43) Title of 19 changed from Pupil Midwives. (44) Title changed from Mental Nurse.\n\n(45) Title changed from Mental Nurses.\n\n(46) Titles of 32 changed from Probationer Dressers, of four from Staff Dressers, of three from Charge Dressers Class II, and two from Temporary Charge Dressers Class II.\n\n(47) Seven posts abolished. (48) 20 new posts.\n\n(49) Titles of two changed from Staff Dispenser, of one from Temporary Staff Dispenser, of one from Charge Dispenser Class II, and of one from Probationer Dispenser. (50) Title changed from Sampler.\n\n(51) Title changed from Assistant Steward. (52) Title changed from Foremen Cleaners.\n\n(53) Title changed from Chinese Rodent Control Overseers.\n\n(54) Title changed from Assistant Chinese Rodent Control Overseers.\n\n(55) Previously provided for under temporary staff. (56) 32 new posts.\n\n(57) Three Ward Boys Class I in place of three Ward Boys Class II.\n\n(58) Provision previously amalgamated.\n\n(59) Titles of two changed from Dispensary Coolies, of two from Stretcher Coolies, of one from Fitter Coolie and of one from Car Cleaner.\n\n(60) Title changed from Storemen.\n\n(61) Title changed from Grooms.\n\n(62) Title changed from Lift Operators. (63) Title of four changed from Guards. (64) Title of two changed from Gatemen. (65) Title of three changed from Female Latrine Attendants.\n\n(66) Provides for:\n\n(a) Eight Nursing Sisters ($450 per month) held against vacancies for eight Nursing Sisters; Confidential Assistant ($400 per month) held against vacancy for Confidential Assistant; 32 Clerks ($150 per month) held against vacancies for 32 Clerks;\n\n(b) Health Officer ($1,100 per month);\n\nSeven Assistant Medical Officers ($720 per month);\n\nWoman Medical Officer ($860 per month);\n\nFour Women Assistant Medical Officers ($560 per month);\n\n61 Nurses and Health Visitors ($180 per month);\n\n15 Midwives ($174 per month);\n\n52 Clerks ($150 per month);\n\nFour Confidential Assistants (two at $400 per month and two at $360 per month);\n\nThree Dressers ($150 per month);\n\nTwo Dental Clinical Assistants (one at $250 and one at $165 per month);\n\n31 Public Vaccinators ($120 per month);\n\nTwo Spray Overseers ($216 per month);\n\nThree Telephone Operators ($150 per month);\n\nThree Lift Operators ($64 per month);\n\nTwo Carpenters ($81 per month);\n\nTwo Fitters ($96 per month);\n\nBarber ($54 per month);\n\nTwo Dark-room Boys ($64 per month);\n\nTwo Office Attendants ($64 per month);\n\n13 Messengers ($44 per month);\n\n16 Motor Drivers ($96 per month);\n\n75 Wardboys ($64 per month);\n\nTwo Boys ($52 per month);\n\n130 Amahs ($52 per month);\n\n90 Coolies ($44 per month);\n\nSeven Cooks ($44 per month);\n\n54 Watchmen ($44 per month).\n\n(67) Previous provision inadequate.\n\n(68) Title changed from Attendance of medical practitioners.\n\n(69) Considered sufficient.\n\n(70) Title changed from Film propaganda.\n\n(71) Previously provided for in part under subhead 16. (72) Title changed from Maintenance of lunatics at Canton.\n\n(73) Title changed from Books and publications. (74) Rent increased under Landlord and Tenant Ordinance 1947.\n\n(75) Previously provided for in part under Upkeep of hospital equipment, etc.\n\n(76) Title changed from Cleansing materials. (77) Previously provided for in part under Equipment and supplies for Health Inspectorate and disinfecting stations.\n\n(78) New sub-head.\n\n(79) Previously provided for in part under Expenses of Inspectors in obtaining Royal Sanitary Institute Certificate.\n\n(80) Not required.\n\n(81) Increased grant.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-597-3 Estimates 1950 22-2-1949 - 3-11-1950",
        "page_number": 136,
        "title": "CO129-597-3 Estimates 1950 22-2-1949 - 3-11-1950",
        "content_text": "# Head 21-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\n## 1 Personal emoluments\n\n### Sub-heads\n\n## Other Charges\n### A-General\n\n| Sub-head | Description | Approved Estimate 1948-49 | Estimate 1949-50 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 51 |  |  |  |\n| 2 | Bedding and clothing | 500,000 | 250,000 (56) |\n| 3 | Expenses for courses of study and conferences | 30,000 | 20,000 (56) |\n| 4 | Extra diets for staff of anti-tuberculosis institutions | 84,350 (57) |  |\n| 5 | Fuel, light and power | 600,000 | 578,000 (56) |\n| 6 | Grants to chaplains | 2,000 | 2,000 |\n| 7 | Health propaganda | 22,500 | 22,500 |\n| 8 | Incidental expenses | 12,000 | 12,000 |\n| 9 | Maintenance and transport of mental patients | 91,400 | 70,000 (56) |\n| 10 | Maintenance of lepers | 200,000 (58) |  |\n| 11 | Medical comforts | 10,000 | 8,000 (56) |\n| 12 | Medical expenses for schools | 10,000 | 5,000 (56) |\n| 13 | Medicines and instruments | 1,787,000 | 910,000 (56) |\n| 14 | Notification fees, infectious diseases | 10,000 | 1,500 (56) |\n| 15 | Nursing and Midwives Board expenses | 6,500 | 6,500 |\n| 16 | Preventive measures against infectious diseases | 30,000 | 30,000 |\n| 17 | Provisions | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 |\n| 18 | Publications | 7,200 | 7,200 |\n| 19 | Relief of overcrowding of hospitals and clinics | 100,000 | 100,000 (59) |\n| 20 | Rent of premises | 134,000 | 151,800 (54) |\n| 21 | Repairs and upkeep of plant and equipment | 123,500 | 500 |\n| 22 | Special treatment |  |  |\n| 23 | Stores and equipment | 169,000 |  |\n| 24 | Supplementary feeding of tuberculosis patients | 365,000 | 120,800 (56) |\n|  |  | 4,500 (54) | 200,000 (56) |\n|  |  |  | 110,000 (56) |\n| 25 | Surgical appliances | 6,000 | 4,000 (56) (60) |\n| 26 | Training of dental students | 6,750 |  |\n| 27 | Training of health inspectors |  |  |\n| 28 | Travelling expenses |  | 2,000 (56) |\n| 29 | Uniforms | 55,000 | 100,000 (54) |\n| 30 | Upkeep of vehicles | 220,000 | 150,000 (56) |\n| 31 | Washing | 188,000 | 140,000 (56) |\n| 32 | X-Ray departmental expenses | 200,000 | 275,000 (54) |\n|  | Expenses for dental panel | 50,000 | 175,000 (54) |\n|  | X-Ray films | 12,500 | (61) |\n|  |  | 79,000 | (61) |\n\n### B-Port Health Office\n\n| Sub-head | Description | Approved Estimate 1948-49 | Estimate 1949-50 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 33 | Disinfecting and fumigating bureau | 50,000 | 30,000 (56) |\n| 34 | Incidental expenses | 2,000 | 2,000 |\n| 35 | Travelling expenses | 1,400 | 1,400 |\n|  | Fuel, light, and power | 1,250 | (61) |\n\n### C-Pathological Institute\n\n| Sub-head | Description | Approved Estimate 1948-49 | Estimate 1949-50 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 36 | Animals and fodder | 9,000 | 9,000 |\n| 37 | Apparatus and chemicals | 12,000 | 12,000 |\n| 38 | Fuel, light, and power | 11,000 | 11,000 |\n| 39 | Incidental expenses | 1,200 | 1,200 |\n| 40 | Travelling expenses | 450 | 1,350 (54) |\n\n### D-Malaria Bureau\n\n| Sub-head | Description | Approved Estimate 1948-49 | Estimate 1949-50 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 41 | Anti-malarial field work | 217,000 | 219,000 (54) |\n| 42 | Fuel, light, and power | 3,500 | 3,500 |\n| 43 | Incidental expenses | 1,000 | 1,000 |\n| 44 | Stores and equipment | 12,300 | 12,300 |\n| 45 | Travelling expenses | 11,500 | 11,500 |\n\n### E-Chemical Laboratory\n\n| Sub-head | Description | Approved Estimate 1948-49 | Estimate 1949-50 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 46 | Fuel, light, and power | 5,000 | 5,000 |\n| 47 | Incidental expenses | 700 | 15,000 |\n| 48 | Stores and equipment | 850 |  |\n| 49 | Travelling expenses |  | 600 (62) |\n\n### F-Honoraria\n\n| Sub-head | Description | Approved Estimate 1948-49 | Estimate 1949-50 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 50 | Births and deaths registry, Clear Water Bay |  | 33,000 (62) |\n| 51 | Government consultants | 125,000 | 1,200 (57) |\n| 52 | Stenographer for Dental and Medical Boards | 2,500,000 | (63) |\n\n### G-Grants-in-aid\n\n| Sub-head | Description | Approved Estimate 1948-49 | Estimate 1949-50 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | Alice Memorial and affiliated hospitals |  | (63) |\n|  | Tung Wah and associated hospitals | 8,807,750 | 5,118,500 |\n\n$6,717,328 $7,378,522",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-597-3 Estimates 1950 22-2-1949 - 3-11-1950.txt",
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    {
        "id": 583714,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-597-3 Estimates 1950 22-2-1949 - 3-11-1950",
        "page_number": 137,
        "title": "CO129-597-3 Estimates 1950 22-2-1949 - 3-11-1950",
        "content_text": "# Head 21-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n## Special Expenditure\n### Approved Estimate 1948-49\n### Estimate 1949-50\n\n| Item | $ (1948-49) | $ (1949-50) | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 53 Air-conditioning plant |  | 50,000 | (56) |\n| 54 Equipment for Tuberculosis clinics | 56,800 | 52,800 | (56) |\n| 55 Hospital equipment and laboratory | 28,140 | 24,200 | (56), (62) |\n| 56 Motor transport | 16,000 | 75,000 | (54), (65) |\n| 57 Sunblinds |  | 50,000 |  |\n| Equipment for Births and Deaths Registry |  | 1,250 |  |\n| Equipment for Central Medical Store |  | 20,000 |  |\n| Equipment for Pathological Institute |  | 6,780 |  |\n| Equipment for Violet Peel Health Centre |  | 22,200 |  |\n| Motor ambulances |  | 96,000 |  |\n| Motor cycles |  | 3,000 |  |\n| Total Special Expenditure | 250,170 | 252,000 |  |\n| Total Expenditure | 15,775,248 | 12,749,022 |  |\n\n(1) One new specialist post in place of one Medical or Health Officer.\n(2) One new post.\n(3) Four specialist posts in place of four Medical or Health Officers.\n(4) Six Assistant Medical and Health Officers in place of six Medical and Health Officers.\n(5) Three new posts.\n\n(6) 18 posts previously provided for under non-pensionable establishment. Seven posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n(7) Seven new posts.\n(8) One post previously provided for under non-pensionable establishment.\n(9) One post previously provided for under temporary staff.\n(10) Four posts previously provided for under non-pensionable establishment.\n(11) Four posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n(12) Salary revised.\n\n(13) One Senior Dental Surgeon in place of one Dental Surgeon.\n(14) One Senior Radiologist in place of one Radiologist.\n(15) Stipulated increments.\n(16) One Assistant Chemist in place of one Assistant Biochemist.\n(17) Title changed from Superintendent and Training Officer for Health Visitors and Welfare Nurses.\n(18) Two new posts.\n(19) Grade now shown in classes.\n(20) Provided for under Senior Executive Officers Class II.\n(21) One supernumerary officer retired.\n\n(22) Four new posts.\n(23) Personnel changed.\n(24) One post abolished.\n(25) Six Senior Health Inspectors in place of six Health Inspectors.\n(26) Provided for under Sanitary Department.\n(27) Two posts abolished.\n(28) Provided for under pensionable establishment.\n(29) 56 posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n\n(30) Three Women Dental Assistants in place of three Nurses.\n(31) 11 posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n(32) Three posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n(33) Two posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n(34) Title changed from Telephone Boys.\n(35) 13 posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n\n(36) 28 Boys Class I in place of 28 Ward Boys Class I.\n(37) 117 Boys Class II in place of 117 Ward Boys Class II.\n(38) Two Boys Class I in place of two Boys Class II.\n(39) 74 posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n(40) 14 Amahs Class II in place of 14 Sew Amahs.\n\n(41) 17 posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n(42) 22 Amahs Class III in place of 22 Wash Amahs.\n(43) 86 posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n(44) 90 posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n(45) Two Coolies in place of two Cooks Class III.\n\n(46) Six Cooks Class I in place of six Cooks Class II.\n(47) Ten Cooks Class II in place of ten Cooks Class III.\n(48) Two new posts.\n(49) Title changed from Lift Operators.\n(50) 42 posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n\n(51) 13 Scavenging Coolies in place of 13 Cleansing Coolies.\n(52) Previously provided for under temporary staff.\n(53) Provides for:\n  - 57 Clerks ($150 per month);\n  - One Rattan Instructor ($200 per month);\n  - Two Midwives ($160 per month);\n  - 37 Rodent Control Foremen Class II ($150 per month);\n  - 31 Public Vaccinators ($120 per month);\n  - 24 Anti-T.B. Workers ($150 per month);\n  - Four Watchmen ($52 per month);\n  - 43 Rat-catchers and Searchers ($52 per month);\n  - Five Boys Class III ($52 per month);\n  - Two Amahs Class II ($64 per month);\n  - Eight Amahs Class III ($52 per month);\n  - Two Coolies ($44 per month);\n  - Two Coolie Amahs ($44 per month).\n\n(54) Considered necessary. One Messenger ($44 per month).\n(55) Provided for under other charges.\n(56) Considered Sufficient.\n(57) New subhead.\n(58) Previously provided for under Subventions.\n(59) Title changed from Relief of overcrowding of Chinese hospitals.\n(60) Title changed from Artificial limbs.\n(61) Not required.\n\n(62) Previously provided for under Personal emoluments.\n(63) Re-vote of $4,000.\n(64) Title changed from Hospital equipment.\n(65) Title changed from Motor cars.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-597-3 Estimates 1950 22-2-1949 - 3-11-1950.txt",
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    {
        "id": 590317,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949",
        "page_number": 119,
        "title": "CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949",
        "content_text": "17.6 \n\n18 \n\nsuch a programme of research in Marine Biology as is suggested in the later paragraphs. The Committee also propose the institution of a Department of Biochemistry. \n\n47. In the Faculty of Arts we have advocated a greater establishment in certain subjects in which the University of Hong Kong can make special contributions towards a fuller mutual understanding of Chinese and Western civilizations. It is more difficult in the Faculty of Science to find subjects peculiarly suited to the regional setting of the University that can be developed at moderate cost. The most appropriate, it appears to us, is Marine Biology for which Hong Kong is specially well suited by its geographical position and environment. This has already been recognised through a Colonial Office grant for the building of a Fisheries Research Institute on the South side of the Island, to be directed jointly by the Government and the University. But for the war, the Institute's laboratories and museums would by now be in use. \n\nA research staff in 1940 and 1941 had already done good work and had established friendly relations with similar institutions which will shortly be revived at Amoy and on the China coast elsewhere. While the possibilities of original work in Botany and in other branches of Zoology are limited, there is hope in the work of this Institute for real contributions to knowledge as well as for practical assistance for the very important but undeveloped fishing industry. It is likely to play no small part in replacing the Japanese by a Chinese deep-sea trawling industry in these waters. The scheme of the Research Institute makes provision for fellowships which it is hoped hereafter to increase in numbers, and for vacation courses for Chinese scientific workers. \n\n48. Hitherto bio-chemistry has been a minor subject in the Department of Physiology and has been no more than an ancillary subject in medical studies. Modern developments in the science demand that a separate Department for this subject should be provided in any university that possesses a Faculty of Medicine. \n\n49. The staff of the Faculty should include: \n\nProfessors\nReaders\nLecturers\nPart-time Lecturers\nDemon-strators\n\nPhysics\n1\n1\n2\n\n3\n\nChemistry\n1\n1\n\nZoology and Botany\n1\n\n4\n\n3\n\nBiochemistry..\nΙ\nF\nI\n\n4\n3\n7\n2\n9 or 11\n\nFACULTY OF MEDICINE. \n\n50. The College of Medicine existed, as a chartered institution, prior to the establishment of the University. It has established a high reputation, and rising standards of education have been maintained throughout its history. Its graduates are in general and specialist practice in Hong Kong, China, Malaya and the Dutch East Indies. Its qualification is recognised by the General Medical Council as entitling to registration in Great Britain. \n\n51. In the past the curriculum has conformed very largely to that found in medical schools in the British Isles. With the increased emphasis placed in recent times on prevention of disease, we feel that some modification should \n\n19 \n\n171 \n\nIn the past \n\nbe made in the curriculum of the Hong Kong Medical School. it has had whole-time pre-medical and pre-clinical professors and lecturers, but it has been a recognised practice for the professors and lecturers in clinical subjects to act as government consultants. The Professor of Pathology, also, has had duties in connection with the Queen Mary (Government) Hospital, which is the chief teaching hospital for University students. In order to achieve a close integration of teaching and practice in public health, it was arranged shortly before the war for the Deputy Director of the Medical Services of the Hong Kong Government to be ex-officio the Professor of Public Health in the University. We recommend the continuance of the arrangement for the clinical and pathological posts, but the teaching of preventive medicine has now become so important a part of the medical curriculum, embracing as it does teaching in social medicine and public health, that we recommend the formation of a University Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, under a full-time Head, who would be a professor, in the University. This Department should be expanded as soon as possible to include a post-graduate course for a diploma in Social Medicine and Public Health, corresponding to the Diploma in Public Health course in Great Britain. It would then require two sub-sections:-one for epidemiology and one for the practical application of the results of nutritional studies. \n\n52. We are fully aware of the difficulties which may arise in the appointment of professors and lecturers who at the same time hold posts in government or other teaching hospitals and we suggest, for the consideration of the University, possibility of the establishment of a joint Appointments Board to overcome these difficulties. \n\n53. It is now generally recognised that, in order to maintain freshness of outlook and competence in teaching, it is essential that the staff in the medical school should have adequate opportunities to undertake research, either individually or as part of a team. We recommend that the University should encourage, by the careful selection of its professors, the establishment in all departments in the Medical School of a reputation for original research work. A reputation of this type would make the recruitment of first-class staff easier. \n\n54. One of the weaknesses in the medical school in the past has been that the teaching of physiological chemistry in the Department of Physiology has not been as extensive as is now necessary with the great developments in bio-chemistry. This should be remedied by the establishment of a separate Department of Bio-Chemistry in the Faculty of Science which would release the staff of the Physiological Department for teaching and research in experimental physiology. \n\n55. A scientific study of pharmacology would place it manifestly among the major subjects and would be a matter requiring the establishment of a separate department under its own professor. With the great developments in the treatment of disease by synthetic preparations, the necessity for the study of the pharmacological action of drugs is very great, if treatment of disease is to be on a logical instead of an empirical basis. While we have not included a professor in this subject amongst the staff proposed, we feel that the minimum necessity is a full-time lecturer in the subject and recommend, for the consideration of the University, the early establishment of a Department of Pharmacology, in which research as well as teaching can be undertaken.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949.txt",
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        "id": 590340,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949",
        "page_number": 142,
        "title": "CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949",
        "content_text": "162\n\nsuch a programme of research in Marine Biology as is suggested in the later paragraphs. The Committee also propose the institution of a Department of Biochemistry.\n\n47. In the Faculty of Arts we have advocated a greater establishment in certain subjects in which the University of Hong Kong can make special contributions towards a fuller mutual understanding of Chinese and Western civilizations. It is more difficult in the Faculty of Science to find subjects peculiarly suited to the regional setting of the University that can be developed at moderate cost. The most appropriate, it appears to us, is Marine Biology for which Hong Kong is specially well suited by its geographical position and environment. This has already been recognised through a Colonial Office grant for the building of a Fisheries Research Institute on the South side of the Island, to be directed jointly by the Government and the University. But for the war, the Institute's laboratories and museums would by now be in use.\n\nA research staff in 1940 and 1941 had already done good work and had established friendly relations with similar institutions which will shortly be revived at Amoy and on the China coast elsewhere. While the possibilities of original work in Botany and in other branches of Zoology are limited, there is hope in the work of this Institute for real contributions to knowledge as well as for practical assistance for the very important but undeveloped fishing industry. It is likely to play no small part in replacing the Japanese by a Chinese deep-sea trawling industry in these waters. The scheme of the Research Institute makes provision for fellowships which it is hoped hereafter to increase in numbers, and for vacation courses for Chinese scientific workers.\n\n48. Hitherto bio-chemistry has been a minor subject in the Department of Physiology and has been no more than an ancillary subject in medical studies. Modern developments in the science demand that a separate Department for this subject should be provided in any university that possesses a Faculty of Medicine.\n\n49. The staff of the Faculty should include:\n\n  \n    \n    Professors\n    Readers\n    Lecturers\n    Part-time Lecturers\n    Demon-strators\n  \n  \n    Physics\n    1\n    1\n    \n    \n    3\n  \n  \n    Chemistry\n    1\n    1\n    2\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Zoology and Botany\n    1\n    \n    4\n    3\n    7\n  \n  \n    Biochemistry\n    1\n    1\n    \n    \n    2\n  \n  \n    \n    4\n    3 or 4\n    6\n    3\n    9 or 11\n  \n\nFACULTY OF MEDICINE.\n\n50. The College of Medicine existed, as a chartered institution, prior to the establishment of the University. It has established a high reputation, and rising standards of education have been maintained throughout its history. Its graduates are in general and specialist practice in Hong Kong, China, Malaya and the Dutch East Indies. Its qualification is recognised by the General Medical Council as entitling to registration in Great Britain.\n\n51. In the past the curriculum has conformed very largely to that found in medical schools in the British Isles. With the increased emphasis placed in recent times on prevention of disease, we feel that some modification should be made in the curriculum of the Hong Kong Medical School. It has had whole-time pre-medical and pre-clinical professors and lecturers, but it has been a recognised practice for the professors and lecturers in clinical subjects to act as government consultants. The Professor of Pathology, also, has had duties in connection with the Queen Mary (Government) Hospital, which is the chief teaching hospital for University students. In order to achieve a close integration of teaching and practice in public health, it was arranged shortly before the war for the Deputy Director of the Medical Services of the Hong Kong Government to be ex-officio the Professor of Public Health in the University. We recommend the continuance of the arrangement for the clinical and pathological posts, but the teaching of preventive medicine has now become so important a part of the medical curriculum, embracing as it does teaching in social medicine and public health, that we recommend the formation of a University Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, under a full-time Head, who would be a professor, in the University. This Department should be expanded as soon as possible to include a post-graduate course for a diploma in Social Medicine and Public Health, corresponding to the Diploma in Public Health course in Great Britain. It would then require two sub-sections: one for epidemiology and one for the practical application of the results of nutritional studies.\n\n52. We are fully aware of the difficulties which may arise in the appointment of professors and lecturers who at the same time hold posts in government or other teaching hospitals and we suggest, for the consideration of the University, the possibility of the establishment of a joint Appointments Board to overcome these difficulties.\n\n53. It is now generally recognised that, in order to maintain freshness of outlook and competence in teaching, it is essential that the staff in the medical school should have adequate opportunities to undertake research, either individually or as part of a team. We recommend that the University should encourage, by the careful selection of its professors, the establishment in all departments in the Medical School of a reputation for original research work. A reputation of this type would make the recruitment of first-class staff easier.\n\n54. One of the weaknesses in the medical school in the past has been that the teaching of physiological chemistry in the Department of Physiology has not been as extensive as is now necessary with the great developments in bio-chemistry. This should be remedied by the establishment of a separate Department of Bio-Chemistry in the Faculty of Science which would release the staff of the Physiological Department for teaching and research in experimental physiology.\n\n55. A scientific study of pharmacology would place it manifestly among the major subjects and would be a matter requiring the establishment of a separate department under its own professor. With the great developments in the treatment of disease by synthetic preparations, the necessity for the study of the pharmacological action of drugs is very great, if treatment of disease is to be on a logical instead of an empirical basis. While we have not included a professor in this subject amongst the staff proposed, we feel that the minimum necessity is a full-time lecturer in the subject and recommend, for the consideration of the University, the early establishment of a Department of Pharmacology, in which research as well as teaching can be undertaken.\n\n163",
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        "id": 590569,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-610-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 15-2-1949 - 7-2-1950",
        "page_number": 139,
        "title": "CO129-610-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 15-2-1949 - 7-2-1950",
        "content_text": "18\n\n143\n\nsuch a programme of research in Marine Biology as is suggested in the later paragraphs. The Committee also propose the institution of a Department of Biochemistry.\n\n47. In the Faculty of Arts we have advocated a greater establishment in certain subjects in which the University of Hong Kong can make special contributions towards a fuller mutual understanding of Chinese and Western civilizations. It is more difficult in the Faculty of Science to find subjects peculiarly suited to the regional setting of the University that can be developed at moderate cost. The most appropriate, it appears to us, is Marine Biology for which Hong Kong is specially well suited by its geographical position and environment. This has already been recognised through a Colonial Office grant for the building of a Fisheries Research Institute on the South side of the Island, to be directed jointly by the Government and the University. But for the war, the Institute's laboratories and museums would by now be in use.\n\nA research staff in 1940 and 1941 had already done good work and had established friendly relations with similar institutions which will shortly be revived at Amoy and on the China coast elsewhere. While the possibilities of original work in Botany and in other branches of Zoology are limited, there is hope in the work of this Institute for real contributions to knowledge as well as for practical assistance for the very important but undeveloped fishing industry. It is likely to play no small part in replacing the Japanese by a Chinese deep-sea trawling industry in these waters. The scheme of the Research Institute makes provision for fellowships which it is hoped hereafter to increase in numbers, and for vacation courses for Chinese scientific workers.\n\n48. Hitherto bio-chemistry has been a minor subject in the Department of Physiology and has been no more than an ancillary subject in medical studies. Modern developments in the science demand that a separate Department for this subject should be provided in any university that possesses a Faculty of Medicine.\n\n49. The staff of the Faculty should include:\n\nProfessorsReadersLecturersPart-time LecturersDemon-strators\n\nPhysics112\nChemistry13 or 412\nZoology and Botany11\nBiochemistry...\n332\n79 or 11\n\nFACULTY OF MEDICINE.\n\n50. The College of Medicine existed, as a chartered institution, prior to the establishment of the University. It has established a high reputation, and rising standards of education have been maintained throughout its history. Its graduates are in general and specialist practice in Hong Kong, China, Malaya and the Dutch East Indies. Its qualification is recognised by the General Medical Council as entitling to registration in Great Britain.\n\n51.\n\n19\n\n144\n\nbe made in the curriculum of the Hong Kong Medical School. In the past it has had whole-time pre-medical and pre-clinical professors and lecturers, but it has been a recognised practice for the professors and lecturers in clinical subjects to act as government consultants. The Professor of Pathology, also, has had duties in connection with the Queen Mary (Government) Hospital, which is the chief teaching hospital for University students. In order to achieve a close integration of teaching and practice in public health, it was arranged shortly before the war for the Deputy Director of the Medical Services of the Hong Kong Government to be ex-officio the Professor of Public Health in the University. We recommend the continuance of the arrangement for the clinical and pathological posts, but the teaching of preventive medicine has now become so important a part of the medical curriculum, embracing as it does teaching in social medicine and public health, that we recommend the formation of a University Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, under a full-time Head, who would be a professor, in the University. This Department should be expanded as soon as possible to include a post-graduate course for a diploma in Social Medicine and Public Health, corresponding to the Diploma in Public Health course in Great Britain. It would then require two sub-sections:-one for epidemiology and one for the practical application of the results of nutritional studies.\n\n52. We are fully aware of the difficulties which may arise in the appointment of professors and lecturers who at the same time hold posts in government or other teaching hospitals and we suggest, for the consideration of the University, possibility of the establishment of a joint Appointments Board to overcome these difficulties.\n\n53. It is now generally recognised that, in order to maintain freshness of outlook and competence in teaching, it is essential that the staff in the medical school should have adequate opportunities to undertake research, either individually or as part of a team. We recommend that the University should encourage, by the careful selection of its professors, the establishment in all departments in the Medical School of a reputation for original research work. A reputation of this type would make the recruitment of first-class staff easier.\n\n54. One of the weaknesses in the medical school in the past has been that the teaching of physiological chemistry in the Department of Physiology has not been as extensive as is now necessary with the great developments in bio-chemistry. This should be remedied by the establishment of a separate Department of Bio-Chemistry in the Faculty of Science which would release the staff of the Physiological Department for teaching and research in experimental physiology.\n\n55. A scientific study of pharmacology would place it manifestly among the major subjects and would be a matter requiring the establishment of a separate department under its own professor. With the great developments in the treatment of disease by synthetic preparations, the necessity for the study of the pharmacological action of drugs is very great, if treatment of disease is to be on a logical instead of an empirical basis. While we have not included a professor in this subject amongst the staff proposed, we feel that the minimum necessity is a full-time lecturer in the subject and recommend, for the consideration of the University, the early establishment of a Department of Pharmacology, in which research as well as teaching can be undertaken.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "page_number": 2,
        "title": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "content_text": "## C.I.N.\n\nDr. مقدس \n\n7 \n\n8th Meeting CD.O W. Cttee held on 21-4-47 of CD.O W. Selung - Clarke Orig on `19275/40/1473`. Hong Kong \n\n1. tel.`1169` \n2. 17-6-47 18-7-47 \n\nBefore Dr. Selwyn Clarke left for the Seychelles in June, he had a discussion with Sir S. Caine, Mr. J.B. Williams, Dr. Mahaffy, and myself about a project for the construction of a new Institute of Medical Research in Hong Kong to replace the present Pathological Institute and Animal Houses built in 1905, which are now said to be in an advanced state of dilapidation.\n\n2. The discussion had been arranged at the request of the Hong Kong Development and Welfare Committee, of which Dr. Selwyn Clarke was a member. Dr. Selwyn Clarke left behind the minutes (registered at No. 1) of the 8th meeting of the Committee; the suggestion that he should see Sir S. Caine is contained at the bottom of page 3 of those minutes. It will be seen that the Committee suggested only that he should explain to Sir S. Caine the position that Hong Kong had reached in their development planning.\n\n3. At the discussion, however, Dr. Selwyn Clarke strongly pressed that we should go ahead at once with the formulation of a scheme, to be financed partly out of Hong Kong C.D. & W. allocation and partly out of central research funds, for the construction of a new Institute of Medical Research. We expressed some doubt as to whether or not Dr. Selwyn Clarke's \"mandate\" really went this far, but he was most insistent that it did.\n\n4. In fact, however, I have not succeeded in obtaining anything like sufficient details on which to base an application. Dr. Selwyn Clarke's departure for the Seychelles was, I believe, slightly advanced, and perhaps he did not in the event have time to supply the further details he had promised. The only information I have is that the estimated cost of the scheme would be $500,000 for the Institute and $250,000 for the Animal Houses. (This information is contained in the copy of a letter to Dr. Herklöts, registered at No.2, which Dr. Selwyn Clarke sent to Hong Kong on the eve of his departure for the Seychelles). He also promised that he would discuss the question with Sir A. Grantham and obtain his approval for it in principle; but I have no information that in fact he did.\n\n5. Since then, we have had the tel. from Hong Kong, which is registered at No.3. From that tel., it is, I think, clear that Hong Kong does not propose to pursue this particular project for the present. In these circumstances, I suggest we should explain the position to Sir A. Grantham as in draft s/o letter opposite.\n\n6. In the final para. of that letter, I have included some guidance on the question of whether or not any part of the scheme, if it were approved, could be met out of central research funds. This guidance is based on views expressed by Dr. Mahaffy at the discussion to which I have referred, and may be of some use to Hong Kong. In fact, I venture to suggest that what the Committee had in mind in suggesting that Dr. Selwyn Clarke should discuss this particular question at the Colonial Office was really nothing more than the hope that they would get some advance guidance on this particular aspect of the question, and not that any concrete application would as a result be prepared in London. I am fairly sure that Dr. Selwyn Clarke's enthusiasm for this particular scheme rather took him outside his terms of reference.\n\n`L2/4/18` \nAll Galsworthy \n9.8.47",
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    {
        "id": 594505,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "page_number": 5,
        "title": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "content_text": "No.105/641/47.\n\n5\n\n(4).\n\nDear Mayle,\n\n**REOLIVEL**\n22 NOV 1947\n**Lc.o C. O, RESY**\n\nGovernment House,\nHong Kong.\n7th November, 1947.\n\nThank you for your letter of 30th August, 1947, on the subject of Selwyn-Clarke's proposal for the construction of a new Institute for Medical Research in Hong Kong at the expense partly of Hong Kong's Colonial Development and Welfare allocation and partly of the Colonial Development and Welfare central research fund.\n\n2.\n\nSelwyn-Clarke did not mention the scheme to me, nor is it at all certain that it had support on a priority basis from the Hong Kong Development and Welfare Committee. What is certain is that at present day costs it could not be carried out for $750,000.\n\n3.\nNewton thinks the plan is an excellent one and there is opportunity here for research work, particularly on vaccines in connection with tuberculosis. Very little research work in pathology and allied subjects has been carried out in Hong Kong and there is largely a virgin field. But in addition to the cost of the buildings, which will be much more than Selwyn-Clarke estimated, there would also have to be an additional research team as the present staff of the Pathological Institute are fully occupied in routine work.\n\n4.\n\nThe present building looks dilapidated but is reported structurally sound, is being repaired and should last for a number of years.\n\n5.\nAlthough this scheme will be of value I am not convinced that there is a case for excepting it from the policy outlined in MacDougall's (3) telegram No.1169 and I think it should be left to take its place in the programme with the other projects mentioned in the telegram.\n\nN. L. Mayle, Esq.,\nColonial Office,\nChurch House,\nGreat Smith Street,\nLondon, S.W.1.\n\nYours sincerely,\n**Machautham**",
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    {
        "id": 594506,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "page_number": 6,
        "title": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "content_text": "54403/3/47.\n\nDear Grantham\n\nColonial Office,  \nChurch House  \nGreat Smith Street,  \nS.W. 1.  \n20th August, 1947.\n\nArad(5)  \n*24 02  \nV AI  \n带  \nC.D.W. Scheres - Construction of  \n& Institute of Medical Research.\n\n4.\n\nWhilst Selwyn Clarke was over here he had a discussion with Caine and Mahaffy, the Secretary of the Colonial Medical Research Committee, as a result of which it was agreed that an application should be drafted in the Colonial Office for a grant from C.D. & W. funds, to be charged partly to Hong Kong's C.D. & W. allocation and partly to Central Research funds, to meet expenses in connection with a proposed Institute for Medical Research to replace the Pathological Institute and Animal Houses.\n\n2. Selwyn Clarke explained that the Hong Kong Development and Welfare Committee had asked him to see Caine at the last meeting which he attended of that body before his departure from the Colony. He pressed very strongly that a scheme should be made immediately to cover the cost of constructing a new Institute for Medical Research, and though we were not quite clear at the time that in fact he was in a position to commit the Government of Hong Kong to the scheme, we eventually agreed to go ahead with the preparation of an application on the understanding (a) that he would first of all discuss the project with you in London, and (b) that he would provide detailed information on which the application could be based.\n\n3. We do not know whether in fact he did mention this scheme to you, but there is no record in the office of your ever having mentioned it to us or having expressed any view on it in principle. So far as (b) above is concerned, we have not in fact been able to obtain anything like the detailed information that we should have to have, both as to the exact functions of the projected Institute and the estimated cost of construction in order to enable us to draft an application. On the latter point, all we have is an estimate given to us by Selwyn Clarke that $500,000 would be needed for the Institute and $250,000 for the Animal Houses. Obviously, however, we should need far more detailed estimates than this.\n\n4. But more recently we have seen from MacDougall's telegram No. 1169 of the 18th July, that the shortage of building materials and the need for concentrating on rehabilitation of war-damaged property rather than on new developments has made it necessary to postpone a number of important projects, chiefly under the heads of Education and Public Health, which would involve large-scale new building. We take it that this decision includes the projected Institute for Medical Research and are therefore taking no further action here. If and when you decide that the scheme should be pursued, I am afraid that it would be necessary for the application to be initiated locally in view of our lack of detailed information.\n\nSIR ALEXANDER GRANTHAM, K.C.M.G.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 594508,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "page_number": 8,
        "title": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "content_text": "## DRAFT\nSIR ALEXANDER GRANTHAM, KC.M.G.\n\n**FURTHER ACTION**\n\nWt. 29446/552 9/46 50m. S. & S. Ltd.\n\nC. O.\n\n14 AUG\n\n54403/1/47\n\nMr. Galsworthy 8/8\nDr. Mahaffy 11/15\nMr. Magh Hibber is\nTuly\nMr. Mayle (4/\n\n**C.D. & W. Schemes - Construction of Institute of Medical Research**\n\nWhilst Selwyn Clarke was over here he had a discussion with Caine and Mahaffy, the Secretary of the Colonial Medical Research Committee, as a result of which it was agreed that an application should be drafted in the Colonial Office for a grant from C.D. & W. funds, to be charged partly to Hong Kong's C.D. & W. allocation and partly to Central Research funds, to meet expenses in connection with a proposed Institute for Medical Research to replace the Pathological Institute and Animal Houses.\n\n2. Selwyn Clarke explained that he had been asked to see Caine by the Hong Kong Development and Welfare Committee at the last meeting which he attended of that body before his departure from the Colony. He pressed very strongly that a scheme should be made immediately to cover the cost of constructing a new Institute for Medical Research, and though we were not quite clear at the time that in fact he was in a position to commit the Govt. of Hong Kong to the scheme, we eventually agreed to go ahead with the preparation of an application on the understanding (a) that he would first of all discuss the project with you in London, and (b) that he would provide detailed information on which the application could be based.\n\n3. We do not know whether in fact he did mention this scheme to you, but there is no record in the office of your ever having mentioned it to us or having expressed any view on it in principle. So far as (b) above is concerned we have not in fact been able to obtain anything like the detailed information that we should have to have, both as to the exact functions of the projected Institute and the estimated cost of construction, in order to enable us to draft an application. On the latter point, all we have is an estimate given to us by Selwyn Clarke that $500,000 would be needed for the Institute and $250,000 for the Animal Houses. Obviously, however, we should need far more detailed estimates than this.\n\n4. But more recently we have seen from MacDougall's tel. No. 1169 of the 18th July, that the shortage of building materials and the need for concentrating on rehabilitation of war-damaged property rather than on new developments has made it necessary to postpone a number of important projects, chiefly under the heads of Education and Public Health which would involve large-scale new building. We take it that this decision includes the projected Institute for Medical Research and are taking no further action here. If and when you decide that the scheme should be pursued, I am afraid that it would be necessary for the application to be initiated locally in view of our lack of detailed information.\n\n5. In case you should desire this to be done you will, I think, wish to have some indication of whether or not the Colonial Medical Research Committee would feel able to recommend that any part of the scheme should be financed out of Central Research Funds. On this point the view which Mahaffy expressed at the meeting I have referred to...\n\nPage 9\n30 AUG 1947\nPermt. U.S. of S.\nParly. U.S. of S.\nSecretary of State.\nFor Mr. Mayle's signature.",
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    {
        "id": 594511,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "page_number": 12,
        "title": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "content_text": "3, Chivelston,  \nParkside,  \nWimbledon, S.W.19.  \nPutney 6153  \n17.VI.47.\n\nDr. G.A.C. Herklots,  \nChairman,  \nColonial Development and Welfare Committee,  \nHong Kong.\n\nDear Dr. Herklots,\n\nI saw the Lord Mayor yesterday in accordance with the suggestion made at the meeting of the Colonial Development and Welfare Committee in April and he explained to me, with regret, that there were no more funds available for distribution after the gift of £50,000 made recently to the Secretary of State for Hong Kong, Malaya and North Borneo. I have since heard of another possible source and am pursuing enquiries. I do feel very strongly, as you and the members of your Committee do, that housing in Hong Kong constitutes a No. 1 priority from every angle and that a generous grant would be very greatly appreciated by the local community and do much to enhance British prestige.\n\nI had a meeting with Sir Sydney Caine, K.C.M.G., and Dr. Mahaffy, head of the research section of the Colonial Office some days ago and it was agreed that a memorandum should be drawn up stating the case for an application for a substantial grant from the Colonial Development and Welfare Fund (Research) in connection with the proposed Institute for Medical Research in Hong Kong to replace the Pathological Institute and animal homes built in 1905 and now a dangerous building.\n\nDr. Mahaffy is on leave in Devon at the moment, but I have full confidence that he will support the proposal and I think that it would be fair to say that Sir Sydney Caine will give it his benison.\n\nAs you may",
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    },
    {
        "id": 594515,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "page_number": 16,
        "title": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "content_text": "## \n\nhousing schemes, one either side of the harbour, would perhaps serve as a useful experiment.\n\nIn answer to a question from the chair as to whether any enquiries had been made, the Honourable D. M. S. said that he believed that an application was made last year for a sum of something like £100,000 which had not borne fruit. Since then certain people in close contact with the Lord Mayor had visited Hong Kong including Lady Cripps and Sir Leslie Boyce, and he wondered whether, in view of the fact that he would be in London shortly, he could make enquiries on behalf of the Committee.\n\nThe Chairman in putting this to the meeting said that much money would be required as there is so much to be done, and he welcomed the D.M.S.'s proposal which was unanimously accepted by the meeting. It was agreed that a letter should be given to the D.M.S. asking him to make enquiries on behalf of the Committee.\n\nThe Chairman asked the Honourable D. M. S. whether he could give his opinion on the desirability of a separate infectious diseases hospital rather than wards in general hospitals set apart for cases of infectious diseases. In his reply the Honourable D. M. S. said that the main body of opinion was that a separate hospital with a separate staff was preferable and for that reason the original committee in 1938 recommended a new hospital in the Kowloon Medical centre, an area of very considerable extent. He said that there were two opinions on this matter and that he had seen hospitals in other parts of the world where infectious diseases wards were part of a general hospital, for example, in Chicago where such is combined with a maternity hospital, but the bulk of his committee favoured separation. He added that provision is made in general hospitals for cases of infectious diseases which would require isolation as it might happen that a case of appendicitis might be suffering at the same time from smallpox.\n\nThe Director of Education raised the question in connection with the size of \"units\" for the purpose of educational facilities, and mentioned that from his point of view a number of 500 children made a convenient unit. The Honourable D. M. S. replied that this particular detail had not been discussed but it would be governed by the size of site. He emphasised that one of the advantages of these units was that they provided internal and safe recreational facilities.\n\nThe Honourable D. M. S. raised the question of the Pathological Institute and Animal Houses and said that apart from the fact that the present building had been condemned six years ago, having been built in 1905 when the population was about one-fifth of what it is now, it had been very adversely criticised by some recent distinguished visitors including Dr. Kauntze, Chief Medical Adviser to the Secretary of State, and Dr. Lucius Nicholls, Nutrition Adviser to Lord Killearn. He asked whether it might be possible to finance a new building in part from the central fund set aside for Research. In his reply the Chairman said that a grant from the Research fund would be possible for such proportion of the building and its equipment that dealt with Research. It would be for the Honourable D. M. S.'s successor to suggest that proportion for which a grant from this Central Fund could be applied.\n\nThe Chairman suggested that the Honourable D. M. S. on his visit to London should make contact with Mr. Caine and tell him what we were doing as he felt that a personal visit was so much better than a written report. This was approved by the Committee.\n\n16",
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    {
        "id": 594524,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "page_number": 25,
        "title": "CO129-618-1 Institute of Medical Research- proposed construction 21-4-1947 - 5-12-1947",
        "content_text": "## C. INVESTIGATIONAL\n\n- 8 -\n\n### (1) Pathological Institute\n\nThe Pathological Institute was built in the year 1905 when the population of the Colony served was about one quarter of the present figure. The activities of the Institute have long outgrown its restricted walls. In 1940, the fabric was inspected by the Public Works Department and found to be very seriously affected by white ants. A typhoon might have serious consequences on its weakened structure and lives may be lost and valuable apparatus destroyed. Having considered the situation very carefully, we are of the opinion that it is most desirable that a new institute should be constructed as soon as possible at the Kowloon Medical Centre.\n\n### (2) Animal Houses\n\nThe termite-eaten and antiquated animal houses at the existing Pathological Institute have to be seen to be believed. When it is realised that anti-smallpox vaccine lymph, anti-rabic vaccine and other biological substances are manufactured for hundreds of thousands of the inhabitants, it is obvious that, on grounds of safety alone, it is a matter of vital importance that conditions should obtain to prevent dangerous contamination, a most difficult matter to ensure at present. Prior to the commencement of the Pacific War, a site was selected in the Kowloon foothills for animal houses and this is still available.\n\n## D. LEASED TERRITORIES\n\nWe feel that the recent appointment of a special Subcommittee to advise upon the requirements of the Leased Territories renders it hardly necessary to make submissions as to the medical and public health needs of that territory.\n\nIn the hopes, however, that it may be of assistance to the Subcommittee concerned in their deliberations, we feel that it is desirable to urge consideration of the following needs :-\n\n### (a) Public Markets\n\nPublic markets are needed at Taipo, Fanling (or Sheung Shui), Sai Kung, Un Long, San Wui, Cheung Chau and Tai O. The existing markets are inadequate in size, unhygienic in type and generally unsatisfactory from the public health standpoint. Markets, if suitably designed on simple lines, are inexpensive to build and produce valuable revenue which might well serve to provide the desired fiscal autonomy of local sanitary committees or town boards which would foster a sense of civic responsibility, markedly deficient in the urban area.\n\n### (b) Public Slaughter Houses\n\nThe system, or lack of system, by which pigs, goats, buffalo, etc., are killed on the open ground and sold without being hung or the carcasses inspected, is opposed to all principles of public health.\n\nPublic slaughter houses where animals can be killed with a humane killer and the flesh hung and passed as fit for consumption would not only be in the interests of public health, but would, also, provide yet another means of raising revenue for local sanitary committees or town boards in the places named in the section on \"Markets\".\n\n- 25 -",
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    {
        "id": 594664,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-618-4 University of Hong Kong- conversion of Tung Wah Eastern Hospital into a teaching hospital 17-2-1949 - 27-9-1949",
        "page_number": 19,
        "title": "CO129-618-4 University of Hong Kong- conversion of Tung Wah Eastern Hospital into a teaching hospital 17-2-1949 - 27-9-1949",
        "content_text": "## 27 \nsuch a programme of research in Marine Biology as is suggested in the later paragraphs. The Committee also propose the institution of a Department of Biochemistry.\n\n## 47. \nIn the Faculty of Arts we have advocated a greater establishment in certain subjects in which the University of Hong Kong can make special contributions towards a fuller mutual understanding of Chinese and Western civilizations. It is more difficult in the Faculty of Science to find subjects peculiarly suited to the regional setting of the University that can be developed at moderate cost. The most appropriate, it appears to us, is Marine Biology for which Hong Kong is specially well suited by its geographical position and environment. This has already been recognised through a Colonial Office grant for the building of a Fisheries Research Institute on the South side of the Island, to be directed jointly by the Government and the University. But for the war, the Institute's laboratories and museums would by now be in use.\n\nA research staff in 1940 and 1941 had already done good work and had established friendly relations with similar institutions which will shortly be revived at Amoy and on the China coast elsewhere. While the possibilities of original work in Botany and in other branches of Zoology are limited, there is hope in the work of this Institute for real contributions to knowledge as well as for practical assistance for the very important but undeveloped fishing industry. It is likely to play no small part in replacing the Japanese by a Chinese deep-sea trawling industry in these waters. The scheme of the Research Institute makes provision for fellowships which it is hoped hereafter to increase in numbers, and for vacation courses for Chinese scientific workers.\n\n## 48. \nHitherto bio-chemistry has been a minor subject in the Department of Physiology and has been no more than an ancillary subject in medical studies. Modern developments in the science demand that a separate Department for this subject should be provided in any university that possesses a Faculty of Medicine.\n\n## 49. \nThe staff of the Faculty should include:\n| Professors | Readers | Lecturers | Part-time Lecturers | Demonstrators |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Physics | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |\n| Chemistry | 1 | 1 | 3 or 4 | 2 |\n| Zoology and Botany | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 |\n| Biochemistry | 1 |  |  |  |\n| Total | 4 | 3 | 9 or 11 | 8 |\n\n## FACULTY OF MEDICINE\n\n## 50. \nThe College of Medicine existed, as a chartered institution, prior to the establishment of the University. It has established a high reputation, and rising standards of education have been maintained throughout its history. Its graduates are in general and specialist practice in Hong Kong, China, Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies. Its qualification is recognised by the General Medical Council as entitling to registration in Great Britain.\n\n## 51. \nIn the past, the curriculum has conformed very largely to that found in medical schools in the British Isles. With the increased emphasis placed in recent times on prevention of disease, we feel that some modification should be made in the curriculum of the Hong Kong Medical School.\n\nIn the past, it has had whole-time pre-medical and pre-clinical professors and lecturers, but it has been a recognised practice for the professors and lecturers in clinical subjects to act as government consultants. The Professor of Pathology, also, has had duties in connection with the Queen Mary (Government) Hospital, which is the chief teaching hospital for University students. In order to achieve a close integration of teaching and practice in public health, it was arranged shortly before the war for the Deputy Director of the Medical Services of the Hong Kong Government to be ex-officio the Professor of Public Health in the University. We recommend the continuance of the arrangement for the clinical and pathological posts, but the teaching of preventive medicine has now become so important a part of the medical curriculum, embracing as it does teaching in social medicine and public health, that we recommend the formation of a University Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, under a full-time Head, who would be a professor, in the University. This Department should be expanded as soon as possible to include a post-graduate course for a diploma in Social Medicine and Public Health, corresponding to the Diploma in Public Health course in Great Britain.\n\nIt would then require two sub-sections: one for epidemiology and one for the practical application of the results of nutritional studies.\n\n## 52. \nWe are fully aware of the difficulties which may arise in the appointment of professors and lecturers who at the same time hold posts in government or other teaching hospitals, and we suggest, for the consideration of the University, the possibility of the establishment of a joint Appointments Board to overcome these difficulties.\n\n## 53. \nIt is now generally recognised that, in order to maintain freshness of outlook and competence in teaching, it is essential that the staff in the medical school should have adequate opportunities to undertake research, either individually or as part of a team. We recommend that the University should encourage, by the careful selection of its professors, the establishment in all departments in the Medical School of a reputation for original research work. A reputation of this type would make the recruitment of first-class staff easier.\n\n## 54. \nOne of the weaknesses in the medical school in the past has been that the teaching of physiological chemistry in the Department of Physiology has not been as extensive as is now necessary with the great developments in bio-chemistry. This should be remedied by the establishment of a separate Department of Bio-Chemistry in the Faculty of Science, which would release the staff of the Physiological Department for teaching and research in experimental physiology.\n\n## 55. \nA scientific study of pharmacology would place it manifestly among the major subjects and would be a matter requiring the establishment of a separate department under its own professor. With the great developments in the treatment of disease by synthetic preparations, the necessity for the study of the pharmacological action of drugs is very great, if treatment of disease is to be on a logical instead of an empirical basis. While we have not included a professor in this subject amongst the staff proposed, we feel that the minimum necessity is a full-time lecturer in the subject, and recommend, for the consideration of the University, the early establishment of a Department of Pharmacology, in which research as well as teaching can be undertaken.\n\n## 28",
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        "id": 596362,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-623-3 Supplementary Expenditure- general correspondence on the allocation of funds and an annual report for the... 1-3-1950 - 30-9-1950",
        "page_number": 69,
        "title": "CO129-623-3 Supplementary Expenditure- general correspondence on the allocation of funds and an annual report for the... 1-3-1950 - 30-9-1950",
        "content_text": "80\n\n108\n\nExpenditure of the Colony of Hong Kong for the Year 1948/49.\n\nComparative Statement of the Estimated and Actual\n\nHeads and Sub-heads\n\n  \n    Estimated\n    Actual\n    Over the Estimate\n    Under the Estimate\n    Supplementary Votes\n  \n  \n    $\n    $\n    $\n    $\n    $\n  \n  \n    Brought Forward\n    33,046,854\n    29,508,072.42\n    2,951,735.00\n    6,490,516.58\n    4,368,730.00\n  \n  \n    MEDICAL DEPT.,-Contd.\n  \n  \n    129,170.00\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Brought Forward\n    12,544,928\n    9,722,857.97\n    95,394.50\n    2,917,464.53\n    \n  \n  \n    B.-Port Health Office.\n  \n  \n    Other Charges, Contd.\n  \n  \n    Sub-heads:-\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    32. Disinfecting & fumigating bureau\n    50,000\n    22,309.65\n    \n    1,026.75\n    \n  \n  \n    27,690.35\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    33. Fuel, light and power\n    1,230\n    223.25\n    1,237.66\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    34. Incidental expenses\n    2,000\n    762.34\n    \n    885.40\n    \n  \n  \n    35. Travelling expenses\n    1,400\n    514.60\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    C.-Pathological Institute.\n  \n  \n    36. Animals and fodder\n    9,000\n    8,662.35\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    37. Apparatus and chemicals\n    12,000\n    337.65\n    2,592.77\n    9,407.23\n    4,000.00 S.W. 42B.\n  \n  \n    38. Fuel, light and power\n    11,000\n    13,518.20\n    2,518.20\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    39. Incidental expenses\n    1,200\n    640.64\n    \n    559.36\n    800.00 S.W. 42B.\n  \n  \n    40. Travelling expenses\n    450\n    1,209.80\n    759.80\n    \n    1\n  \n  \n    D.-Malaria Bureau.\n  \n  \n    41. Anti-Malaria field work\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    42. Fuel, light and power\n    217,000\n    211,639.96\n    \n    5,360.04\n    \n  \n  \n    3,500\n    2,819.41\n    \n    680.59\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    43. Incidental expenses\n    1,000\n    51.00\n    \n    949.00\n    \n  \n  \n    44. Stores and equipment\n    12,300\n    12,300.00\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    45. Travelling expenses\n    11,500\n    7,758.31\n    \n    3,741.69\n    \n  \n  \n    E. Chemical Laboratory.\n  \n  \n    46. Fuel, light and power\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    47. Incidental expenses\n    5,000\n    700\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    48. Stores and equipment\n    850\n    4,507.07\n    372.63\n    \n    17,807.35\n  \n  \n    407.70\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    492.93\n  \n  \n    49. Travelling expenses\n    327.37\n    \n    \n    \n    5,000.00 S.W. 279B.\n  \n  \n    2,807.35\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    442.30\n  \n  \n    F. Grants-in-aid,\n  \n  \n    50. Alice Memorial & affiliated hospitals\n    125,000\n    \n    \n    \n    125,000.00\n  \n  \n    51. Tung Wah & Associated hospitals\n    2,500,000\n    \n    \n    \n    2,500,000.00\n  \n  \n    138,970.00\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Carried Forward\n    15,525,078\n    12,650,388.18\n    101,479.85\n    2,976,169.67\n    \n  \n  \n    Carried Forward\n    4,368,730.00\n    33,046,854\n    29,508,072.42\n    2,951,735.00\n    6,490,516.58\n  \n\nExplanatory Remarks\n\nStocks of materials already replenished thus obviating local purchase at high cost.\n\nPort Health Office moved to Office of Marine Dept. and light charges met by latter.\n\nFewer expenses incurred than anticipated.\n\nLess travelling done by vaccinators due to early control in spread of infectious diseases.\n\nNormal saving.\n\nSuppliers did not complete the orders fully within stipulated period. More electric lights and fans installed and increased vaccine production.\n\nFewer expenses incurred than anticipated,\n\nPeriodic visits to Kowloon Institute and other laboratories, Taking of water samples daily from long distances caused a great increase in travelling expenses.\n\nConsumption of malariol slightly reduced,\n\nEconomy in current consumption.\n\nFewer expenses incurred than anticipated.\n\nPurchase of equipment for malaria laboratory was deferred.\n\nUse of motor cycles resulted in smaller claims for mileage allowance.\n\nEconomy in current consumption,\n\nFewer expenses incurred than anticipated.\n\nLate arrival of stores ordered in previous years,\n\nLess travelling done.\n\n81\n\n109",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-623-3 Supplementary Expenditure- general correspondence on the allocation of funds and an annual report for the... 1-3-1950 - 30-9-1950",
        "page_number": 70,
        "title": "CO129-623-3 Supplementary Expenditure- general correspondence on the allocation of funds and an annual report for the... 1-3-1950 - 30-9-1950",
        "content_text": "82\n\n110\n\nComparative Statement of the Estimated and Actual Expenditure of the Colony of Hong Kong for the Year 1948/49.\n\nHeads and Sub-heads\nEstimated\nActual\nOver the Estimate\nUnder the Estimate\nSupplementary Votes\n\nBrought Forward\n33,046,854\n29,508,072.42\n2,951,735.00\n6,490,516.58\n4,368,730.00\n\nMEDICAL DEPT.,-Contd.\n\nBrought Forward\n15,525,078\n12,650,388.18\n101,479.85\n2,976,169.67\n138,970.00\n\nSpecial Expenditure.\n\nExplanatory Remarks\n\nSub-heads:-\n\n52. Equipment for Births and Deaths Registry\n1,250\n1,250.00\n\n53. Equipment for Central Medical Store\n20,000\n\n20,000.00\n\n54. Equipment for Pathological Institute\n6,780\n716.73\n\n6,063.27\n\n55. Equipment for Tuberculosis clinic\n56,800\n789.20\n\n56,010.80\n\n56. Equipment for Violet Peel Health Centre\n22,200\n9,105.59\n\n13,094.41\n\n57. Hospital equipment\n28,140\n1,705.26\n\n26,434.74\n\n58. Motor ambulances\n96,000\n103,200.00\n7,200.00\n\n7,200.00 S.W. 28B.\n\n59. Motor cars\n16,000\n13,407.91\n\n2,592.09\n\n60. Motor cycles\n3,000\n1,856.82\n\n1,143.18\n\n61. Mass Radiography Equipment\n98,342.10\n\n98,342.10\n109,140.00 S.Ws. 27B & 236B.\n\n62. Re-equipment of Queen Mary Hospital, Upper Floors\n180,000.00\n\n180,000.00\nS.W. 50B.\n\n63. Motion-picture Equipment for health propaganda\n30,029.10\n30,029.10\n\n13,800.00 S.Ws. 67B & 251B.\n\nTotal:-Medical Dept.\n15,775,248\n12,924,504.90\n250,765.06\n3,101,508.16\n449,110.00\n\nLess Increase\n\n250,765.06\n\nNet Decrease\n\n2,850,743.10\n\n20. MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES.\n\nSub-heads:-\n\n1. Bonuses for examinations\n3,000\n3,600.00\n600.00\n\n600.00 S.W. 337.\n\n2. Commission, remittances etc.\n50,000\n671.44\n\n49,328.56\n\n3. Compensation\n40,000\n7,696.97\n\n32,303.03\n\n4. Conferences, committees etc.\n8,000\n11,211.87\n3,211.87\n\n4,651.00 S.W. 294.\n\nCarried Forward\n101,000\n23,180.28\n3,811.87\n81,631.59\n5,251.00\n\nCarried Forward\n48,822,102\n42,432,577.32\n3,202,500.06\n9,592,024.74\n4,817,840.00\n\nPurchase of equipment for a new Central Medical Store deferred.\n\nLymph grinding machine with accessories ordered from Crown Agents was late in arriving.\n\nOpening of two T.B. clinics delayed and cost of certain instruments met from Medicines & Instruments vote.\n\nCertain stores did not require replenishment and other items were not available.\n\nSuppliers could not fulfil orders in time.\n\nAdditional equipment for six motor ambulances proved necessary.\n\nCosts lower than estimated,\n\n― do -\n\nNew scheme proved necessary.\n\nRelease of upper floors by R.N. necessitated re-equipment.\n\nNew health propaganda scheme.\n\nMore examinations than anticipated,\n\nCost of remittances borne by S. T. & I. Dept.\n\nVariable.\n\nUnforeseen conferences and committees and late arrival of last year's accounts for payment.\n\n83\n\nPage 70\n\nPage 71",
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    {
        "id": 596530,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-623-4 Supplementary Expenditure- includes an annual report for the year ending March 1950 1-12-1950 - 30-11-1951",
        "page_number": 104,
        "title": "CO129-623-4 Supplementary Expenditure- includes an annual report for the year ending March 1950 1-12-1950 - 30-11-1951",
        "content_text": "147\n\n―\n\n78\n\nComparative Statement of the Estimated and Actual\n\n79\n\nExpenditure of the Colony of Hong Kong for the Year 1949/50.\n\nHeads and Sub-heads.\n\nEstimated.\n\nActual.\n\nOver the Estimate.\n\nUnder the Estimate.\n\nSupplement-ary Votes.\n\nSpecial Warrants Nos.\n\n$\n\n$\n\n$\n\n$\n\nBrought Forward\n\n26,846,537 25,408,728.85\n\n4,005,904.36\n\n5,443,712.51\n\n4,647,212\n\n21. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT,\n\n-Contd.\n\nBrought Forward Other Charges, Contd. A.--General, Contd.\n\n10,958,172, 10,414,268.11\n\n460,003.91\n\n1,003,907.80\n\n588,734\n\nSub-heads:-\n\n22 Special treatment\n\n4,500\n\n408.48\n\n \n\n4,091.52\n\n23 Stores and equipment\n\n110,000\n\n89,772.66\n\n20,227.34\n\n24 Supplementary feeding of tuberculosis patients\n\n200,000\n\n79,135.43\n\n120,864.57\n\n25 Surgical appliances\n\n4,000\n\n1,800.00\n\n2,200.00\n\n26 Training of dental students\n\n6,750\n\n6,750.00\n\n \n\n27 Training of health inspectors\n\n2,000\n\n2,000.00\n\n \n\n28 Travelling expenses\n\n100,000\n\n81,530.44\n\n18,469.56\n\n29 Uniforms\n\n150,000\n\n97,375.79\n\n52,624.21\n\n30 Upkeep of vehicles\n\n140,000\n\n72,903.75\n\n67,096.25\n\n31 Washing\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n32 X-Ray departmental expenses\n\n275,000 175,000\n\n265,701.27 135,677.54\n\n9,298.73\n\n39,322.46\n\nB.-Port Health Office.\n\n33 Disinfecting and fumigating bureau.\n\n30,000\n\n22,807.85\n\n7,192.15\n\n34 Incidental expenses\n\n2,000\n\n725.41\n\n1,274.59\n\n35 Travelling expenses\n\n1,400\n\n1,219.20\n\n180.80\n\nC.-Pathological Institute.\n\n36 Animals and fodder\n\n9,000\n\n21,996.53\n\n12,996.53\n\n37 Apparatus and chemicals\n\n12,000\n\n15,502.02\n\n3,502.02\n\n5,650\n\n167\n\n38 Fuel, light, and power\n\n11,000\n\n14,999.98\n\n3,999.98\n\n4,000\n\n157\n\n39 Incidental expenses\n\n1,200\n\n537.85\n\n662.15\n\n40 Travelling expenses\n\n1,350\n\n1,345.30\n\n4.70\n\nCarried Forward\n\n12,193,372\n\n11,317,707.61\n\n480,502.44\n\n1,856,166.83\n\n611,384\n\nCarried Forward\n\n26,846,537 25,408,728.85 4,005,904.36\n\n5,443,712.51\n\n4,647,212\n\nExplanatory Remarks.\n\nLess expenses than anticipated for occupational and Therapy Scheme at Mental Hospital.\n\nCost of cleansing materials met by Sanitary Department following transfer of Health Inspectorate to that Department.\n\nScheme for supply of special diets to tuberculosis out-patients discontinued. Fewer surgical limbs supplied. Scheme postponed.\n\nExpenses met by Sanitary Department following transfer of Health Inspectorate to that Department. Lighter motor car mileage allowance claims.\n\nEconomy in use of uniforms.\n\nTwo vans not required. Replacements of old vehicles caused reduced expenditure on repairs and petrol consumption.\n\nNormal savings.\n\nProvision for Tuberculosis Clinic reduced.\n\nLess material than expected procured locally.\n\nFewer expenses incurred than anticipated.\n\nLess travelling.\n\nLarge demand for anti-rabic vaccine and calf lymph resulting in heavy expenditure on production of these vaccines. Crown Agents charges from previous year.\n\nIncreased vaccines production and more electrical apparatus.\n\nFewer expenses than anticipated.\n\n148",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-623-8 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1951 1-12-1949 - 31-3-1951",
        "page_number": 83,
        "title": "CO129-623-8 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1951 1-12-1949 - 31-3-1951",
        "content_text": "86\n\n8\n\nREVENUE\n\nDETAILS OF REVENUE\n\nApproved Estimate 1949-50\n\nEstimate 1950-51\n\nDETAILS OF REVENUE\n\n4-LICENCES, FINES, AND FORFEITURES\n\n$\n\n$\n\nREVENUE\n\nApproved Estimate 1949-50\n\nEstimate 1950-51\n\n$\n\n37. Pawnbrokers\n\n100,000\n\n140,000\n\n(9)\n\nB-RECEIPTS\n\n38. Pharmacy and poisons\n\n12,500\n\n18,750\n\n39. Printing presses\n\n7,000\n\n8,500\n\n40. Proprietary medicines and toilet preparations\n\n80,000\n\n100,000\n\n(6)\n\n41. Restaurants\n\n85,000\n\n85,000\n\n15,000\n\n42. Roast meat shops\n\n43. Special food\n\n30,000\n\n35,000\n\n44. Steam launches\n\n30,000\n\n30,000\n\n45. Tally clerks\n\n5,000\n\n5,000\n\n46. Theatrical\n\n16,000\n\n47. Tobacco\n\n100,000\n\n14,000\n\n150,000\n\n48. Undertakers\n\n20,000\n\n49. Vehicles, motor\n\n700,000\n\n20,000\n\n1,000,000\n\n50. Vehicles, motor, foreign registration\n\n250,000\n\n300,000\n\n51. Vehicles, motor drivers\n\n100,000\n\n130,000\n\n(10)\n\n(1. Airport concessions\n\n30,000\n\n(12)\n\n2. Analysis\n\n50,000\n\n3. Commission\n\n12,000\n\n150,000\n\n20,000\n\n(3)\n\n(15)\n\n(3)\n\n(12)\n\n4. Dental treatment\n\n9,000\n\n5. Departmental services and supervision\n\n10,000\n\n(14)\n\n250,000\n\n(12)\n\n6. District watchmen\n\n22,000\n\n7. Fumigating and disinfecting\n\n18,000\n\n(11)\n\n60,000\n\n75,000\n\n(3)\n\n(11)\n\n8. Medical treatment\n\n450,000\n\n500,000\n\n(9)\n\n(10)\n\n9.\n\n10.\n\n11. Slaughter houses, Hong Kong\n\n52. Vehicles, other\n\n30,000\n\n53. Vehicles, other drivers, etc.\n\n1,500\n\n54. Wireless, receiving\n\n600,000\n\n55. Wireless, other\n\n10,000\n\n30,000\n\n1,500\n\n1,200,000\n\n70,000\n\n(9)\n\n(10)\n\n(9)\n\n(10)\n\nMiscellaneous\n\nPathological examinations\n\n12. Slaughter houses, Kowloon\n\n13. X-ray examinations\n\nBeach tents contract\n\nC-REIMBURSEMENTS\n\nAnti-narcotic smuggling guards\n\n(14)\n\n8,000\n\n15,000\n\n(3)\n\n50,000\n\n30,000\n\n(16)\n\n600,000\n\n500,000\n\n(11)\n\n400,000\n\n380,000\n\n(11)\n\n30,000\n\n35,000\n\n(14)\n\n35,000\n\n(17)\n\n1.\n\n130,000\n\n100,000\n\n(11)\n\n2. Bonded warehouse supervision\n\n40,000\n\n60,000\n\n(3)\n\n3. Damage to Government property\n\n12,000\n\n(12)\n\nB-FINES AND FORFEITURES\n\n4. Department of Supplies and Distribution expenditure.\n\n1,901,000\n\n2,250,000\n\n(13)\n\n1. Building covenant fines\n\n30,000\n\n2. Fines\n\n1,000,000\n\n200,000\n\n1,750,000\n\n(3)\n\n3. Forfeitures\n\n200,000\n\n500,000\n\n(3)\n\nwww\n\n(13)\n\n5. Film censoring fees\n\n6. Miscellaneous\n\n120,000\n\n1,000\n\n100,000\n\n(11)\n\n10,000\n\n(3)\n\n7. Officials and others for light, fuel, etc. in Government\n\n4. Poor box\n\n15,000\n\n15,000\n\nbuildings\n\n100,000\n\n(12)\n\n8. Rent of premises leased to public\n\n42,500\n\n(12)\n\nTotal\n\n6,697,200\n\n9,646,450\n\n9. Use of motor vans\n\n400,000\n\n375,000\n\n(11)\n\n10. Widows' and Orphans' pension contributions\n\n1,000,000\n\n11. Works executed on private account\n\n760,000\n\n850,000\n\n2,000,000\n\n(11)\n\n(14)\n\n5-FEES OF COURT OR OFFICE\n\nMaintenance of Government W/T stations\n\n120,000\n\n(18)\n\nA-FEES\n\nD-SALES\n\n1. Air services\n\n840,000\n\n840,000\n\n1. Farm and garden produce\n\n10,000\n\n15,000\n\n(14)\n\n2. Anchorage dues\n\n90,000\n\n(7)\n\n2. Fish fry\n\n45,000\n\n(7)\n\n3. Bills of health\n\n25,000\n\n(10)\n\n(12)\n\n3. Forestry products\n\n10,000\n\n15,000\n\n(14)\n\n4. Births and deaths registration\n\n35,000\n\n35,000\n\nMedical stores\n\n70,000\n\n100,000\n\n(14)\n\n5. Boundary stones and survey\n\n4,200\n\n12,000\n\n5.\n\n(14)\n\n6. Broadcasting\n\n20,000\n\n(7)\n\n6.\n\n7. Buoy dues\n\n140,000\n\n150,000\n\n(14).\n\n8. Cattle crematorium\n\n10,000\n\n10,000\n\nMiscellaneous\n\nNightsoil distribution\n\n7. Police stores\n\n8. Prison industries\n\n3,000\n\n(7)\n\n80,000\n\n100,000\n\n(14)\n\n20,000\n\n20,000\n\n11,000\n\n90,000\n\n(14)\n\n9. Chinese cemetery\n\nConservancy\n\n12,000\n\n12,000\n\n9. Publications\n\n50,000\n\n35,000\n\n(11)\n\n1,600,000\n\n2,000,000\n\n(14)\n\n10. Sand\n\n1,500,000\n\n1,500,000\n\n11. Consultants\n\n10,000\n\n100,000\n\n(14)\n\n(15)\n\n11. School equipment\n\n10,000\n\n5,000\n\n(11)\n\n12. Court\n\n100,000\n\n100,000\n\nSera and vaccines\n\n30,000\n\n(19)\n\n13. Crown leases\n\n10,000\n\n25,000\n\n(14)\n\n13.\n\n14. Custodian of Property\n\n35,000\n\n35,000\n\nSurplus and condemned stores\n\nUnallocated stores, Stores Department\n\n550,000\n\n150,000\n\n(11)\n\n250,000\n\n150,000\n\n(11)\n\n15. Deeds registration\n\n160,000\n\n200,000\n\n(10)\n\n16. Denaturing\n\n55,000\n\n100,000\n\n(14)\n\nTotal\n\n13,762,700\n\n16,977,830\n\n17. Earth and stone permits, New Territories\n\n30,000\n\n40,000\n\n(14)\n\n18. Engagement and discharge of seamen\n\n60,000\n\n70,000\n\n(14)\n\n6-WATER REVENUE\n\n19. Evening Institute\n\n23,000\n\n50,000\n\n(10)\n\n20. Examination of masters, mates, and engineers\n\n6,000\n\n6,000\n\n1. Chargeable water\n\n4,800,000\n\n5,700,000\n\n(1)\n\n2. Licences\n\n21. Hong Kong companies registration\n\n100,000\n\n100,000\n\n1,800\n\n1,400\n\n(11)\n\n3. Miscellaneous\n\n22. Inoculation and vaccination certificates\n\n100,000\n\n400,000\n\n(10)\n\n30,000\n\n23. Inoculation of dogs\n\n125,000\n\n(7)\n\n4. Supervision charges\n\n40,000\n\n35,000\n\n(1)\n\n50,000\n\n(1)\n\n24. Light dues\n\n475,000\n\n480,000\n\n(14)\n\nTotal\n\n25. Medical examination of emigrants\n\n60,000\n\n60,000\n\n4,871,800\n\n5,786,400\n\n26.\n\n30. Miscellaneous\n\n27. Motor driving tests\n\n28. Official certificates\n\n29. Official signatures\n\nPassports\n\n21,000\n\n21,000\n\n7-POST OFFICE\n\n25,000\n\n60,000\n\n(14)\n\n70,000\n\n150,000\n\n(10)\n\n1. Box rents\n\n44,000\n\n70,000\n\n(14)\n\n2. Money and postal orders commission\n\n70,000\n\n80,000\n\n(14)\n\n3. Postage\n\n31. Possession\n\n10,000\n\n20,000\n\n(3)\n\nMarine wireless fees\n\n32. Private exhumation\n\n70,000\n\n70,000\n\n55,000\n\n65,000\n\n15,000\n\n7,350,000\n\n(14)\n\n30,000\n\n(14)\n\n10,000,000\n\n(6)\n\n180,000\n\n(18)\n\n33. Registry\n\n4,500\n\n10,000\n\n(14)\n\nTotal\n\n34. School\n\n350,000\n\n733,330\n\n(10)\n\n7,600,000\n\n10,095,000\n\n35. School certificate examinations\n\n12,000\n\n(7)\n\n36. School medical services\n\n40,000\n\n55,000\n\n(14)\n\n37. Sunday working cargo permits\n\n200,000\n\n220,000\n\n(14)\n\n38. Survey of steam launches\n\n50,000\n\n55,000\n\n(14)\n\n39. Survey of steamships\n\n100,000\n\n100,000\n\n40. Trade marks registration\n\n75,000\n\n41. Traffic permits\n\n9,000\n\n50,000\n\n(11)\n\n16,000\n\n(3)\n\n87\n\n9",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-623-8 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1951 1-12-1949 - 31-3-1951.txt",
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    {
        "id": 596789,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-623-8 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1951 1-12-1949 - 31-3-1951",
        "page_number": 105,
        "title": "CO129-623-8 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1951 1-12-1949 - 31-3-1951",
        "content_text": "Head 21-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\nApproved Estimate 1949-50 $\n\nEstimate 1950-51 $\n\nSub-heads\n\nSpecial Expenditure\n\n1 Personal emoluments\n\nOther Charges\n\n2 Bedding and clothing 7,378,522 6,746,1.\n\n2 Hospital and laboratory equipment\n\nAir-conditioning plant\n\n1 Equipment for Tuberculosis clinics\n\nMotor transport\n\nA-General\n\n250,000\n\n3 Expenses for courses of study and conferences 20,000\n\n250,000 20,000\n\nSunblinds\n\nTotal Special Expenditure\n\n4 Extra diets for staff of anti-tuberculosis institutions 84,350 60,000 (38)\n\n5 Fuel, light and power 578,000 568,000 (39)\n\nTotal Expenditure\n\nHead 21-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\nApproved Estimate 1949-50 $\n\nEstimate 1950-51 $\n\n$ $\n\n52,800 $ 23,000 (55)\n\n$ 24,200\n\n27,000 (56)\n\n50,000 (53)\n\n75,000 (53)\n\n50,000 (53)\n\n252,000 50,000\n\n12,749,022 |12,668,351\n\n6 Grants to chaplains 2,000 1,800 (40)\n\n7 Health propaganda 22,500 15,000 (37)\n\n8 Incidental expenses 12,000 12,000\n\n9 Maintenance and transport of mental patients 70,000\n\n11 Medical comforts\n\n10 Maintenance of lepers\n\n12 Medical expenses for schools 200,000 50,000 (41) 200,000\n\n(1) One Deputy\n\n8,000 5,000\n\n13 Medicines and instruments 910,000\n\n14 Notification fees, infectious diseases 1,500\n\n15 Nursing and Midwives Board expenses 6,500\n\n16 Preventive measures against infectious diseases 30,000\n\n17 Provisions 1,000,000\n\n18 Publications 7,200 7,200\n\n19 Relief of overcrowding of hospitals and clinics 100,000 100,000\n\n20 Rent of premises 151,800 143,160 (44)\n\n21 Repairs and upkeep of stores plant and equipment 120,800 (9) 12 posts provided for under Sanitary Department and Urban Council.\n\n220,000 (45) (4\n\n22 Special treatment 4,500 4,500\n\n23 Stores and equipment 110,000 (47)\n\n24 Supplementary feeding of tuberculosis patients 200,000 100,000 (48)\n\n25 Surgical appliances 4,000 4,000\n\nWoman (12) One Pharmacist.\n\nPharmacist three posts in place of one\n\n26 Training of dental students 6,750 6,750\n\n27 Training of health inspectors\n\n28 Travelling expenses\n\n29 Uniforms\n\n30 Upkeep of vehicles 2,000 2,000\n\n100,000 100,000\n\n150,000 145,000 (39)\n\n140,000\n\n31 Washing 135,000 (39)\n\n275,000\n\n32 X-Ray departmental expenses 300,000 (49)\n\n175,000 125,000 (50)\n\nB-Port Health Office\n\n33 Disinfecting and fumigating bureau 30,000\n\n34 Incidental expenses 30,000 2,000\n\n35 Travelling expenses 2,000 1,400 1,400\n\nC-Pathological Institute\n\n36 Animals and fodder 9,000\n\n37 Apparatus and chemicals 12,000\n\n38 Fuel, light, and power\n\n39 Incidental expenses 40 Travelling expenses 11,000 1,200 1,350\n\n22,000 (51) 12,000 15,000 (52)\n\n1,200 1,350\n\nD-Malaria Bureau\n\n41 Anti-malarial field work\n\n44 Travelling expenses\n\n42 Incidental expenses 43 Stores and equipment 219,00)\n\n219,000\n\n6,000 (39) 5,000 1,110,000 | (42)\n\n1,500\n\n7,000 (43) 30,000\n\n1,750,000 (42)\n\nof Director (Administrative) Medical Services in place of one Medical Officer. (2) Personnel changed. (3) Stipulated increments.\n\n(4) Two Assistant Dental Surgeons in place of two Assistant Medical and Health Officers.\n\n(5) One Personal Assistant to Principal Matron in place of one Nursing Sister.\n\n(6) Previously provided for under non-pensionable establishment.\n\n(7) One post also shown and provided for under Registrar General's Department.\n\n(8) One Clerk Special Class in place of one Clerk Class I.\n\n(10) Five posts provided for under Sanitary Department and Urban Council and provided for under temporary staff. (11) Salary revised.\n\n(13) Title changed from Head Mental Attendant. (14) Title changed from Mental Attendant.\n\n(15) Title changed from Assistant Mental Attendant. (16) Provided for under Sanitary Department and Urban Council.\n\n(17) Ten posts provided for under Sanitary Department and Urban Council.\n\n(18) 100 posts provided for under Sanitary Department and Urban Council.\n\n(19) Title changed from Storekeeper Class III. (20) Previously provided for under Telecommunications.\n\n(21) One Woman Confidential Assistant Class I in place of one Woman Confidential Assistant Class II.\n\n(22) Provided for under pensionable establishment. (23) 18 Nurses in place of eight Health Nurses and ten Dressers.\n\n(24) Previously provided for under temporary staff. (25) Title changed from Woman Mental Attendant. (26) Title changed from Woman Assistant Mental Attendant.\n\n(27) One Steward's Assistant in place of one Stores Attendant.\n\n(28) Title changed from Installation Mechanic. (29) One new post.\n\n(30) 48 posts provided for under Sanitary Department and Urban Council.\n\n(31) 14 Boys Class II replaced by 12 Boys Class I and two Laboratory Attendants.\n\n(32) Two posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n\n(33) Eight posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n\n(34) Provided for under Public Works Department. (35) Two Latrine Attendants in place of two Scavenging Coolies.\n\n(36) Provides for:\n\nOne Assistant Pathologist ($800 per month); Four Assistant Medical Officers ($720 per month);\n\nOne Nursing Sister ($450 per month);\n\nOne Dispenser ($275 per month);\n\nTwo Nurses ($220 per month);\n\n61 Clerks ($150 per month);\n\nOne Rattan Instructor ($200 per month);\n\nTwo Midwives ($160 per month);\n\n31 Public Vaccinators ($120 per month);\n\nFive Boys Class III ($52 per month);\n\nFour Watchmen ($52 per month);\n\nFive Coolies ($44 per month);\n\nOne Messenger ($44 per month).\n\n(37) Provides for additional staff for out-patients clinics.\n\n(38) Diet revised.\n\n(39) Economy measures.\n\n(40) Grants to three chaplains at $600 per annum. (41) New patients no longer transferred to Canton. (42) Increased costs.\n\n(43) Fees to interpreters increased,\n\n(44) Fewer premises.\n\n(45) Title changed from Repairs and upkeep of plant and equipment.\n\n(46) Previously provided in part under Stores and equipment.\n\n(47) Provided for under Repairs and upkeep of stores plant and equipment.\n\n(48) Provision only made for maintenance grants. (49) More linen in use.\n\n(50) X-ray paper substituted for X-ray film. (51) Increased demand for vaccines.\n\n(52) Provided for under main sub-head for Fuel, light and power.\n\n(53) Not required.\n\n(54) Previously provided for under Subventions. (55) Re-vote.\n\n(56) Re-vote in part and additional equipment.\n\n1,000 1,000\n\n12,300 12,300\n\n11,500 Fuel, light, and power 11,500\n\n3,500 (52)\n\nE-Chemical Laboratory\n\n45 Fuel, light, and power 5,000\n\n46 Incidental expenses 5,000 700\n\n47 Stores and equipment 700\n\n48 Travelling expenses 15,000 850 12,000 (39)\n\n850\n\nF-Honoraria\n\n49 Government consultants 33,000\n\n50 Stenographer for Dental and Medical Boards Births and deaths registry, Clear Water Bay 1,200 33,000 2,400 600 (53)\n\nG-Subvention\n\n51 St. John Ambulance Brigade 10,000 (54)\n\nTotal Other Charges 5,118,500 5,871,6",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-623-8 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1951 1-12-1949 - 31-3-1951.txt",
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    {
        "id": 596875,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-623-8 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1951 1-12-1949 - 31-3-1951",
        "page_number": 191,
        "title": "CO129-623-8 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1951 1-12-1949 - 31-3-1951",
        "content_text": "245\n\n250\n\n8\n\nREVENUE\n\nApproved Estimate\n\nDETAILS OF REVENUE\n\nEstimate 1949-50\n\n1950-51\n\nDETAILS OF REVENUE\n\n4-LICENCES, FINES, AND FORFEITURES\n\n  \n    $\n    REVENUE\n    Approved Estimate 1949-50\n    Estimate 1950-51\n    $\n    $\n  \n  \n    37.\n    Pawnbrokers\n    100,000\n    140,000\n    (9)\n    \n  \n  \n    38.\n    Pharmacy and poisons\n    12,500\n    18,750\n    (10)\n    \n  \n  \n    39.\n    Printing presses\n    7,000\n    8,500\n    (9)\n    \n  \n  \n    40.\n    Proprietary medicines and toilet preparations\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Restaurants\n    30,000\n    \n    (12)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    80,000\n    100,000\n    (6)\n    \n  \n  \n    B-RECEIPTS\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1.\n    Airport concessions\n    50,000\n    150,000\n    (3)\n    (15)\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    85,000\n    85,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    3.\n    Commission\n    12,000\n    20,000\n    (3)\n    \n  \n  \n    42.\n    Roast meat shops\n    -T\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    15,000\n    \n    (12)\n    \n  \n  \n    4.\n    Dental treatment\n    9,000\n    10,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    43.\n    Special food\n    30,000\n    35,000\n    (9)\n    \n  \n  \n    5.\n    Departmental services and supervision\n    250,000\n    \n    (12)\n    \n  \n  \n    44.\n    Steam launches\n    30,000\n    30,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    6.\n    District watchmen\n    22,000\n    18,000\n    (11)\n    \n  \n  \n    45.\n    Tally clerks\n    5,000\n    5,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    7.\n    Fumigating and disinfecting\n    60,000\n    75,000\n    (3)\n    \n  \n  \n    46.\n    Theatrical\n    16,000\n    14,000\n    (11)\n    \n  \n  \n    8.\n    Medical treatment\n    450,000\n    500,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    47.\n    Tobacco\n    100,000\n    150,000\n    (9)\n    (10)\n  \n  \n    9.\n    Miscellaneous\n    8,000\n    15,000\n    (3)\n    \n  \n  \n    48.\n    Undertakers\n    20,000\n    20,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    10.\n    Pathological examinations\n    50,000\n    30,000\n    (16)\n    \n  \n  \n    49.\n    Vehicles, motor\n    700,000\n    1,000,000\n    (9)\n    \n  \n  \n    11.\n    Slaughter houses, Hong Kong\n    600,000\n    500,000\n    (11)\n    \n  \n  \n    50.\n    Vehicles, motor, foreign registration\n    250,000\n    300,000\n    (9)\n    \n  \n  \n    51.\n    Vehicles, motor drivers\n    100,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    52.\n    Vehicles, other\n    30,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    53.\n    Vehicles, other drivers, etc.\n    1,500\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    130,000\n    30,000\n    1,500\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    (9)\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    54.\n    Wireless, receiving\n    600,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    55.\n    Wireless, other\n    10,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    1,200,000\n    70,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    (9)\n    (10)\n    (9)\n    (10)\n  \n  \n    12.\n    Slaughter houses, Kowloon\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    13.\n    X-ray examinations\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Beach tents contract\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    C-REIMBURSEMENTS\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Anti-narcotic smuggling guards\n    400,000\n    380,000\n    (11)\n    \n  \n  \n    1.\n    Bonded warehouse supervision\n    30,000\n    35,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    35,000\n    \n    (17)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    130,000\n    100,000\n    (11)\n    \n  \n  \n    2.\n    Bonded warehouse supervision\n    40,000\n    60,000\n    (3)\n    \n  \n  \n    3.\n    Damage to Government property\n    12,000\n    \n    (12)\n    \n  \n  \n    B-FINES AND FORFEITURES\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    4.\n    Department of Supplies and Distribution expenditure.\n    1,901,000\n    2,250,000\n    (13)\n    \n  \n  \n    1.\n    Building covenant fines\n    30,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    2.\n    Fines\n    1,000,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    200,000\n    1,750,000\n    (13)\n    \n  \n  \n    5.\n    Film censoring fees\n    120,000\n    100,000\n    (11)\n    \n  \n  \n    6.\n    Miscellaneous\n    1,000\n    10,000\n    (3)\n    \n  \n  \n    7.\n    Forfeitures\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    3.\n    Poor box\n    200,000\n    15,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Officials and others for light, fuel, etc. in Government buildings\n    15,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    100,000\n    \n    (12)\n    \n  \n  \n    8.\n    Rent of premises leased to public\n    42,500\n    \n    (12)\n    \n  \n  \n    9.\n    Total\n    6,697,200\n    9,646,450\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Use of motor vans\n    400,000\n    375,000\n    (11)\n    \n  \n  \n    10.\n    Widows' and Orphans' pension contributions\n    1,000,000\n    850,000\n    (11)\n    \n  \n  \n    11.\n    Works executed on private account\n    760,000\n    2,000,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    5-FEES OF COURT OR OFFICE\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Maintenance of Government W/T stations\n    120,000\n    \n    (18)\n    \n  \n  \n    D-SALES\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    A-FEES\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1.\n    Air services\n    840,000\n    840,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Farm and garden produce\n    10,000\n    15,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    2.\n    Fish fry\n    45,000\n    \n    (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Anchorage dues\n    90,000\n    \n    (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    3.\n    Bills of health\n    25,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Forestry products\n    10,000\n    15,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    (10)\n    (12)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    4.\n    Medical stores\n    70,000\n    100,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    4.\n    Births and deaths registration\n    35,000\n    35,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    5.\n    Miscellaneous\n    3,000\n    \n    (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    5.\n    Boundary stones and survey\n    4,200\n    12,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    6.\n    Broadcasting\n    20,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    6.\n    Buoy dues\n    \n    \n    (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    7.\n    Police stores\n    140,000\n    150,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Nightsoil distribution\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    8.\n    Prison industries\n    80,000\n    100,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    20,000\n    20,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    11,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    90,000\n    \n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    8.\n    Cattle crematorium\n    10,000\n    10,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    *\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    9.\n    Publications\n    50,000\n    35,000\n    (11)\n    \n  \n  \n    9.\n    Chinese cemetery\n    12,000\n    12,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    10.\n    Sand\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    10.\n    Conservancy\n    1,600,000\n    2,000,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    11.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    11.\n    Consultants\n    10,000\n    100,000\n    (14)\n    (15)\n  \n  \n    \n    School equipment\n    1,500,000\n    10,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    1,500,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    12.\n    Sera and vaccines\n    5,000\n    \n    (11)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    30,000\n    \n    (19)\n    \n  \n  \n    12.\n    Court\n    100,000\n    100,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    13.\n    Surplus and condemned stores\n    550,000\n    150,000\n    (11)\n    \n  \n  \n    13.\n    Crown leases\n    10,000\n    25,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    14.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    14.\n    Custodian of Properly\n    35,000\n    35,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Unallocated stores, Stores Department\n    250,000\n    150,000\n    (11)\n    \n  \n  \n    15.\n    Deeds registration\n    160,000\n    200,000\n    (10)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Total\n    13,762,700\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    16,977,830\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    16.\n    Denaturing\n    55,000\n    100,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    17.\n    Earth and stone permits, New Territories\n    30,000\n    40,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    6-WATER REVENUE\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    18.\n    Engagement and discharge of seamen\n    60,000\n    70,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    19.\n    Evening Institute\n    23,000\n    50,000\n    (10)\n    \n  \n  \n    1.\n    Chargeable water\n    4,800,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    20.\n    Examination of masters, mates, and engineers\n    6,000\n    6,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    2.\n    Licences\n    1,800\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    21.\n    Hong Kong companies registration\n    100,000\n    100,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    3.\n    Miscellaneous\n    30,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    22.\n    Inoculation and vaccination certificates\n    100,000\n    400,000\n    (10)\n    \n  \n  \n    4.\n    Supervision charges\n    40,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    5,700,000\n    (1)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    1,400\n    (11)\n    35,000\n    (1)\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    50,000\n    (1)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    23.\n    Inoculation of dogs\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    125,000\n    \n    (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    24.\n    Light dues\n    475,000\n    480,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Total\n    4,871,800\n    5,786,400\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    25.\n    Medical examination of emigrants\n    60,000\n    60,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    26.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    27.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    30.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    31.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    33.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Registry\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    34.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    School\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    35.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Miscellaneous\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Motor driving tests\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    28.\n    Official certificates\n    21,000\n    21,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    29.\n    Official signatures\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Passports\n    25,000\n    70,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    150,000\n    60,000\n    (14)\n    (10)\n  \n  \n    32.\n    Private exhumation\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    School certificate examinations\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    36.\n    School medical services\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    37.\n    Sunday working cargo permits\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    38.\n    Survey of steam launches\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    39.\n    Survey of steamships\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    21,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    7-POST OFFICE\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1.\n    Box rents\n    44,000\n    70,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    2.\n    Money and postal orders commission\n    70,000\n    80,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    3.\n    Postage\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    10,000\n    20,000\n    (3)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Marine wireless fees\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    70,000\n    70,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    4,500\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    10,000\n    \n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Total\n    55,000\n    15,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    7,350,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    10,000,000\n    (6)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    180,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    7,600,000\n    10,095,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    (18)\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    65,000\n    \n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    30,000\n    \n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    350,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    733,330\n    \n    (10)\n    \n  \n  \n    -\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    12,000\n    \n    (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    40,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    55,000\n    \n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    200,000\n    220,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    (14)\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    50,000\n    55,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    (14)\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    100,000\n    100,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    40.\n    Trade marks registration\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    41.\n    Traffic permits\n    75,000\n    50,000\n    (11)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    9,000\n    16,000\n    (3)\n    \n  \n  \n    9\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\n9",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-623-8 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1951 1-12-1949 - 31-3-1951.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 596898,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-623-8 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1951 1-12-1949 - 31-3-1951",
        "page_number": 214,
        "title": "CO129-623-8 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1951 1-12-1949 - 31-3-1951",
        "content_text": "Head 21-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\nApproved Estimate 1949-50 $ 7,378,522\n\nEstimate 1950-51 $ 6,746,000\n\n  \n    Sub-heads\n    Approved Estimate 1949-50 $\n    Estimate 1950-51 $\n  \n  \n    A-General\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1 Personal emoluments\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    2 Bedding and clothing\n    250,000\n    250,000\n  \n  \n    3 Expenses for courses of study and conferences\n    20,000\n    20,000\n  \n  \n    4 Extra diets for staff of anti-tuberculosis institutions\n    84,350\n    60,000 (38)\n  \n  \n    5 Fuel, light and power\n    578,000\n    568,000 (39)\n  \n  \n    6 Grants to chaplains\n    2,000\n    \n  \n  \n    7 Health propaganda\n    22,500\n    1,800 (40) 15,000 (37)\n  \n  \n    8 Incidental expenses\n    12,000\n    12,000\n  \n  \n    9 Maintenance and transport of mental patients\n    70,000\n    50,000 (41)\n  \n  \n    10 Maintenance of lepers\n    200,000\n    200,000\n  \n  \n    11 Medical comforts\n    8,000\n    \n  \n  \n    12 Medical expenses for schools\n    \n    6,500\n  \n  \n    13 Medicines and instruments\n    910,000\n    30,000\n  \n  \n    14 Notification fees, infectious diseases\n    1,500\n    \n  \n  \n    15 Nursing and Midwives Board expenses\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    16 Preventive measures against infectious diseases\n    1,000,000\n    1,750,000 (42)\n  \n  \n    17 Provisions\n    7,200\n    \n  \n  \n    18 Publications\n    \n    100,000\n  \n  \n    19 Relief of overcrowding of hospitals and clinics\n    100,000\n    \n  \n  \n    20 Rent of premises\n    151,800\n    143,160 (44)\n  \n  \n    21 Repairs and upkeep of stores plant and equipment\n    120,800\n    220,000 (45)\n  \n  \n    22 Special treatment\n    4,500\n    4,500\n  \n  \n    23 Stores and equipment\n    110,000\n    (47)\n  \n  \n    24 Supplementary feeding of tuberculosis patients\n    200,000\n    100,000 (48)\n  \n  \n    25 Surgical appliances\n    4,000\n    4,000\n  \n  \n    26 Training of dental students\n    6,750\n    6,750\n  \n  \n    27 Training of health inspectors\n    2,000\n    2,000\n  \n  \n    28 Travelling expenses\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    29 Uniforms\n    100,000\n    100,000\n  \n  \n    30 Upkeep of vehicles\n    150,000\n    140,000\n  \n  \n    31 Washing\n    275,000\n    \n  \n  \n    32 X-Ray departmental expenses\n    145,000 (39) 135,000 (39) 300,000 (49)\n    175,000 125,000 (50)\n  \n  \n    B-Port Health Office\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    33 Disinfecting and fumigating bureau\n    30,000\n    \n  \n  \n    34 Incidental expenses\n    2,000\n    1,400\n  \n  \n    35 Travelling expenses\n    2,000\n    1,400\n  \n  \n    C-Pathological Institute\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    36 Animals and fodder\n    9,000\n    \n  \n  \n    37 Apparatus and chemicals\n    12,000\n    15,000 (52)\n  \n  \n    38 Fuel, light, and power\n    11,000\n    12,000\n  \n  \n    39 Incidental expenses\n    1,200\n    1,350\n  \n  \n    40 Travelling expenses\n    1,350\n    1,350\n  \n  \n    D-Malaria Bureau\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    41 Anti-malarial field work\n    219,000\n    1,110,000 (42)\n  \n  \n    42 Incidental expenses\n    6,000 (39)\n    7,000 (43)\n  \n  \n    43 Stores and equipment\n    5,000\n    \n  \n  \n    E-Chemical Laboratory\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    45 Fuel, light, and power\n    5,000\n    12,000 (39)\n  \n  \n    46 Incidental expenses\n    700\n    850\n  \n  \n    47 Stores and equipment\n    700\n    850\n  \n  \n    48 Travelling expenses\n    15,000\n    \n  \n  \n    F-Honoraria\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    49 Government consultants\n    33,000\n    33,000\n  \n  \n    50 Stenographer for Dental and Medical Boards\n    1,200\n    2,400\n  \n  \n    Births and deaths registry, Clear Water Bay\n    600\n    (53)\n  \n  \n    G-Subvention\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    51 St. John Ambulance Brigade\n    10,000 (54)\n    \n  \n  \n    Total Other Charges\n    5,118,500\n    5,871,600\n  \n  \n    Special Expenditure\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Equipment for Tuberculosis clinics\n    52,800\n    23,000 (55)\n  \n  \n    Hospital and laboratory equipment\n    24,200\n    27,000 (56)\n  \n  \n    Air-conditioning plant\n    50,000\n    (53)\n  \n  \n    Motor transport\n    75,000\n    (53)\n  \n  \n    Sunblinds\n    50,000\n    (53)\n  \n  \n    Total Special Expenditure\n    252,000\n    50,000\n  \n  \n    Total Expenditure\n    12,749,022\n    12,668,351\n  \n\n(1) One Deputy Director (Administrative) Medical Services in place of one Medical Officer.\n\n(2) Personnel changed.\n\n(3) Stipulated increments.\n\n(4) Two Assistant Dental Surgeons in place of two Assistant Medical and Health Officers.\n\n(5) One Personal Assistant to Principal Matron in place of one Nursing Sister.\n\n(6) Previously provided for under non-pensionable establishment.\n\n(7) One post also shown and provided for under Registrar General's Department.\n\n(8) One Clerk Special Class in place of one Clerk Class I.\n\n(9) 12 posts provided for under Sanitary Department and Urban Council.\n\n(10) Five posts provided for under Sanitary Department and Urban Council and three posts provided for under temporary staff.\n\n(11) Salary revised.\n\n(12) One Woman Pharmacist in place of one Pharmacist.\n\n(13) Title changed from Head Mental Attendant.\n\n(14) Title changed from Mental Attendant.\n\n(15) Title changed from Assistant Mental Attendant.\n\n(16) Provided for under Sanitary Department and Urban Council.\n\n(17) Ten posts provided for under Sanitary Department and Urban Council.\n\n(18) 100 posts provided for under Sanitary Department and Urban Council.\n\n(19) Title changed from Storekeeper Class III.\n\n(20) Previously provided for under Telecommunications.\n\n(21) One Woman Confidential Assistant Class I in place of one Woman Confidential Assistant Class II.\n\n(22) Provided for under pensionable establishment.\n\n(23) 18 Nurses in place of eight Health Nurses and ten Dressers.\n\n(24) Previously provided for under temporary staff.\n\n(25) Title changed from Woman Mental Attendant.\n\n(26) Title changed from Woman Assistant Mental Attendant.\n\n(27) One Steward's Assistant in place of one Stores Attendant.\n\n(28) Title changed from Installation Mechanic.\n\n(29) One new post.\n\n(30) 48 posts provided for under Sanitary Department and Urban Council.\n\n(31) 14 Boys Class II replaced by 12 Boys Class I and two Laboratory Attendants.\n\n(32) Two posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n\n(33) Eight posts previously provided for under temporary staff.\n\n(34) Provided for under Public Works Department.\n\n(35) Two Latrine Attendants in place of two Scavenging Coolies.\n\n(36) Provides for:\n\nOne Assistant Pathologist ($800 per month);\n\nFour Assistant Medical Officers ($720 per month);\n\nOne Nursing Sister ($450 per month);\n\nOne Dispenser ($275 per month);\n\nTwo Nurses ($220 per month);\n\n61 Clerks ($150 per month);\n\nOne Rattan Instructor ($200 per month);\n\nTwo Midwives ($160 per month);\n\n31 Public Vaccinators ($120 per month);\n\nFive Boys Class III ($52 per month);\n\nFour Watchmen ($52 per month);\n\nFive Coolies ($44 per month);\n\nOne Messenger ($44 per month).\n\n(37) Provides for additional staff for out-patients clinics.\n\n(38) Diet revised.\n\n(39) Economy measures.\n\n(40) Grants to three chaplains at $600 per annum.\n\n(41) New patients no longer transferred to Canton.\n\n(42) Increased costs.\n\n(43) Fees to interpreters increased.\n\n(44) Fewer premises.\n\n(45) Title changed from Repairs and upkeep of plant and equipment.\n\n(46) Previously provided in part under Stores and equipment.\n\n(47) Provided for under Repairs and upkeep of stores plant and equipment.\n\n(48) Provision only made for maintenance grants.\n\n(49) More linen in use.\n\n(50) X-ray paper substituted for X-ray film.\n\n(51) Increased demand for vaccines.\n\n(52) Provided for under main sub-head for Fuel, light and power.\n\n(53) Not required.\n\n(54) Previously provided for under Subventions.\n\n(55) Re-vote.\n\n(56) Re-vote in part and additional equipment.\n\n44 Travelling expenses 12,300 11,500\n\nFuel, light, and power 3,500 (52)\n\nE-Chemical Laboratory\n\n45 Fuel, light, and power 11,500\n\n46 Incidental expenses 850\n\n47 Stores and equipment 850\n\n48 Travelling expenses 1,000 1,000",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-623-8 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1951 1-12-1949 - 31-3-1951.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 597038,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-623-9 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1952 1-2-1951 - 30-11-1951",
        "page_number": 69,
        "title": "CO129-623-9 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1952 1-2-1951 - 30-11-1951",
        "content_text": "8\n\n71\n\nREVENUE\n\nApproved\n\nDETAILS OF REVENUE\n\n  \n    Estimate 1950-51\n    Estimate 1951-52\n  \n  \n    $\n    $\n  \n\n4-LICENCES, FINES, AND FORFEITURES\n\n  \n    \n    Estimate 1949-50\n    Estimate 1951-52\n  \n  \n    $\n    SA\n    \n  \n  \n    37 Pawnbrokers\n    140,000\n    138,000 (10)\n  \n  \n    B-RECEIPTS\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    38 Pharmacy and poisons\n    18,750\n    23,800 (9)\n  \n  \n    39 Printing presses\n    8,500\n    9,800 (9)\n  \n  \n    1 Airport concessions\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    40 Proprietary medicines and toilet preparations\n    100,000\n    120,000\n  \n  \n    30,000\n    (9)\n    \n  \n  \n    2 Analysis\n    17,000 (13)\n    150,000\n  \n  \n    41 Restaurants\n    85,000\n    104,000 (9)\n  \n  \n    110,000\n    (16)\n    \n  \n  \n    3 Commission\n    20,000\n    \n  \n  \n    42 Roast meat shops\n    15,000\n    18,000 (9)\n  \n  \n    18,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    4 Dental treatment\n    (16)\n    \n  \n  \n    43 Special food\n    35,000\n    43,000\n  \n  \n    10,000\n    (9)\n    \n  \n  \n    5 Departmental services and supervision\n    16,000 (14)\n    250,000\n  \n  \n    44 Steam launches\n    30,000\n    30,000\n  \n  \n    222,000 (7)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    6 District watchmen\n    18,000\n    \n  \n  \n    45 Tally clerks\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    46 Theatrical\n    5,000\n    8,000 (9)\n  \n  \n    18,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    7 Fumigating and disinfecting\n    75,000\n    14,000\n  \n  \n    21,800\n    (9)\n    \n  \n  \n    74,000\n    (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    8 Medical treatment\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    47 Tobacco\n    150,000\n    350,000\n  \n  \n    500,000\n    (4)\n    \n  \n  \n    600,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    9 Miscellaneous\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    48 Undertakers\n    20,000\n    20,000\n  \n  \n    15,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    21,000\n    (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    10 Outpatients clinics\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    49 Vehicles, motor\n    1,000,000\n    1,300,000 (9)\n  \n  \n    500,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    11 Pathological examinations\n    (18)\n    30,000\n  \n  \n    50 Vehicles, motor, foreign registration\n    300,000\n    200,000 (10)\n  \n  \n    12 Slaughter houses, Hong Kong\n    30,000\n    500,000\n  \n  \n    51 Vehicles, motor drivers\n    130,000\n    170,000 (9)\n  \n  \n    500,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    13 Slaughter houses, Kowloon\n    380,000\n    \n  \n  \n    52 Vehicles, other\n    30,000\n    37,300 (1)\n  \n  \n    380,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    14 X-ray examinations\n    35,000\n    \n  \n  \n    53 Vehicles, other drivers, etc.\n    1,500\n    2,200 (1)\n  \n  \n    54,000\n    (14) (15)\n    \n  \n  \n    54 Wireless, receiving\n    1,200,000\n    \n  \n  \n    55 Wireless, other\n    70,000\n    1,200,000 70,000\n  \n  \n    C-REIMBURSEMENTS\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    2 Bonded warehouse supervision\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    B-FINES AND FORFEITURES\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1 Anti-narcotic smuggling guards\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    3 Damage to Government property\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    4 Department of Commerce and Industry expenditure\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1 Building covenant fines\n    200,000\n    \n  \n  \n    2 Fines\n    1,750,000\n    2,300,000 (7)\n  \n  \n    250,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    3 Forfeitures\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    4 Poor box\n    500,000 15,000\n    2,500,000\n  \n  \n    12,500\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Ceee\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    5 Film censoring fees\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    6 Miscellaneous\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    7 Officials and others for light, fuel, etc. in Government\n    (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    buildings\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    8 Rent of premises leased to public\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Total\n    9,646,450\n    12,899,700\n  \n  \n    9 Use of motor vans\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    10 Widows' and Orphans' pension contributions\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    11 Works executed on private account\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    5-FEES OF COURT OR OFFICE\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    100,000\n    16,000 (21)\n    \n  \n  \n    60,000\n    66,000 (22)\n    \n  \n  \n    12,000\n    9,500 (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    2,250,000\n    660,000 (23)\n    \n  \n  \n    100,000\n    100,000\n    \n  \n  \n    10,000\n    10,000\n    \n  \n  \n    100,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    175,000\n    (24)\n    \n  \n  \n    42,500\n    63,000 (1)\n    \n  \n  \n    375,000\n    375,000\n    \n  \n  \n    850,000\n    930,000 (25)\n    \n  \n  \n    2,000,000\n    1,424,000 (7) (26)\n    \n  \n  \n    A-FEES\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    D-SALES\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1 Agricultural services\n    60,000 (18) (26)\n    \n  \n  \n    1 Air services\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    2 Anchorage dues\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    3 Bills of health\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    4 Births and deaths registration\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    5 Boundary stones and survey\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    6 Buoy dues\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    7 Cattle crematorium\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    8 Chinese cemetery\n    840,000\n    500,000 (13)\n  \n  \n    2 Farm and garden produce\n    15,000\n    36,000 (27)\n  \n  \n    90,000\n    80,000 (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    3 Fish fry\n    45,000\n    85,000 (26) (27)\n  \n  \n    25,000\n    25,000\n    \n  \n  \n    4 Forestry products\n    15,000\n    15,000\n  \n  \n    35,000\n    54,000 (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    12,000\n    150,000\n    \n  \n  \n    10,200 (12)\n    150,000\n    \n  \n  \n    10,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    12,000 (14)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    12,000\n    12,000\n    \n  \n  \n    9 Conservancy\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    10 Consultants\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    11 Court\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    12 Crown leases\n    2,000,000\n    2,200,000 (2) (14)\n  \n  \n    10 Publications\n    100,000\n    320,000 (15)\n  \n  \n    5 Medical stores\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    6 Miscellaneous\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    7 Nightsoil distribution\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    8 Police stores\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    9 Prison industries\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    11 Sand\n    100,000\n    27,000 (28)\n  \n  \n    3,000\n    5,000 (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    100,000\n    100,000\n    \n  \n  \n    20,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    11,000\n    (28)\n    \n  \n  \n    90,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    143,000\n    (29)\n    \n  \n  \n    35,000\n    22,000 (28)\n    \n  \n  \n    1,500,000\n    1,500,000 (26)\n    \n  \n  \n    100,000\n    102,700 (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    12 School equipment\n    5,000\n    1,500 (28)\n  \n  \n    25,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    13 Custodian of Property\n    35,000\n    \n  \n  \n    14 Deeds registration\n    200,000\n    \n  \n  \n    25,000\n    20,000 185,000 (16)\n    \n  \n  \n    13 Sera and vaccines\n    30,000\n    30,000 (16)\n  \n  \n    14 Surplus and condemned stores\n    150,000\n    700,000 (27)\n  \n  \n    15 Unallocated stores, Stores Department\n    150,000\n    100,000 (28)\n  \n  \n    15 Denaturing\n    100,000\n    170,000 (14)\n  \n  \n    16 Earth and stone permits, New Territories\n    40,000\n    50,000 (14)\n  \n  \n    Total\n    16,977,830\n    16,512,200\n  \n  \n    17 Engagement and discharge of seamen\n    70,000\n    80,000 (14)\n  \n  \n    18 Evening Institute\n    50,000\n    83,300 (17)\n  \n  \n    19 Examination of masters, mates, and engineers\n    6,000\n    6,000\n  \n  \n    6-WATER REVENUE\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    20 Fireworks permits\n    24,000\n    (18)\n  \n  \n    21 Hong Kong companies registration\n    100,000\n    100,000\n  \n  \n    1 Chargeable water\n    5,700,000\n    7,000,000 (30)\n  \n  \n    22,000 Inoculation and vaccination certificates\n    400,000\n    400,000\n  \n  \n    2 Licences\n    1,400\n    1,400\n  \n  \n    23 Inoculation of dogs\n    125,000\n    25,000\n  \n  \n    3 Miscellaneous\n    (8)\n    \n  \n  \n    35,000\n    65,000 (30)\n    \n  \n  \n    24 Light dues\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    26 Miscellaneous\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    27 Motor driving tests\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    28 Official certificates\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    29 Official signatures\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    30 Passports\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    31 Possession\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    32 Private exhumation\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    33 Registry\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    34 School\n    480,000\n    485,000 (1)\n  \n  \n    4 Supervision charges\n    50,000\n    60,000 (30)\n  \n  \n    25 Medical examination of emigrants\n    60,000\n    40,000 (16)\n  \n  \n    21,000\n    27,000 (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    Total\n    5,786,400\n    7,126,400\n  \n  \n    60,000\n    23,000 (19)\n    \n  \n  \n    150,000\n    175,000 (7)\n    \n  \n  \n    70,000\n    70,000\n    \n  \n  \n    7-POST OFFICE\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    80,000\n    115,000 (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    1 Box rents\n    20,000\n    \n  \n  \n    26,000\n    (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    65,000\n    75,000\n    \n  \n  \n    70,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    20,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    2 Money and postal orders commission\n    (29)\n    \n  \n  \n    (16)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    30,000\n    25,000\n    \n  \n  \n    10,000\n    8,000\n    \n  \n  \n    3 Postage\n    (16)\n    \n  \n  \n    (16)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    10,000,000\n    14,000,000 (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    733,330\n    630,000 (8)\n    \n  \n  \n    35 School certificate examinations\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    12,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Total\n    14,000 (14)\n    \n  \n  \n    10,095,000\n    14,100,000\n    \n  \n  \n    36 School health service\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    55,000\n    585,000\n    \n  \n  \n    37 Sunday working cargo permits\n    220,000\n    220,000\n  \n  \n    38 Survey of steam launches\n    55,000\n    55,000\n  \n  \n    39 Survey of steamships\n    100,000\n    95,000 (16)\n  \n  \n    40 Trade marks registration\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    41 Traffic permits\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Broadcasting\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    50,000\n    50,000\n    \n  \n  \n    16,000\n    16,000\n    \n  \n  \n    20,000\n    (20)\n    \n  \n\n9\n\n72",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-623-9 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1952 1-2-1951 - 30-11-1951.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 597060,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-623-9 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1952 1-2-1951 - 30-11-1951",
        "page_number": 91,
        "title": "CO129-623-9 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1952 1-2-1951 - 30-11-1951",
        "content_text": "52\n\nHead 19-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\n115\n\nHead 19-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT\n\n53\n\nPersonal Emoluments\n\n  \n    \n    Approved Estimated 1950-51\n    Estimate 1951-52\n  \n  \n    Sub-heads\n    $\n    $\n  \n  \n    \n    $\n    $\n  \n  \n    \n    1950-51\n    1951-52\n  \n  \n    Chemical Laboratory\n    100\n    \n  \n  \n    Barber ($624×$24-$720)\n    716\n    3\n  \n  \n    \n    3\n    \n  \n  \n    Dark-room Boys ($972×$36 $1,296)\n    3,132\n    \n  \n  \n    Temporary staff\n    230,103\n    720 (4)\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    3,204 (4)\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    366,546 | (33)\n  \n  \n    Casual labour\n    45,878\n    (34)\n  \n  \n    Fuel, light, and power\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Incidental expenses\n    5,000! 700\n    (52)\n  \n  \n    \n    (52)\n    \n  \n  \n    Stores and equipment\n    \n    12,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    (52)\n  \n  \n    Travelling expenses\n    \n    850\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    (52)\n  \n  \n    Acting pay\n    15,000\n    \n  \n  \n    Examination allowances\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Expatriation pay\n    389,980\n    \n  \n  \n    Medical fees\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Overtime allowance\n    27,700\n    \n  \n  \n    Special allowances to menial staff during epidemic season\n    3,000\n    15,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    2,000 (35)\n  \n  \n    \n    376,563 (3)\n    68,000 (35)\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    25,000 (36)\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    3,000\n  \n  \n    Port Health Office\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Incidental expenses\n    2,000\n    (52)\n  \n  \n    Travelling expenses\n    1,400 :\n    (52)\n  \n  \n    \n    (52)\n    \n  \n  \n    General\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Training of dental students\n    6,750\n    (58)\n  \n  \n    Total Other Charges\n    5,871,610\n    6,880,174\n  \n  \n    Total Personal Emoluments\n    6,746,741\n    6,913,830\n  \n\nSpecial Expenditure\n\n  \n    Sub-heads\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    41 Air-conditioning plant chamber\n    5,000 (33)\n    \n  \n  \n    2 Animals and fodder\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1 Personal emoluments\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Other Charges\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    3 After-care of tuberculous patients\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    4 Anti-malarial field work\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    5 Bedding and clothing\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    6 Casual labour\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    6,746,741\n    6,913,830\n  \n  \n    42 Hospital and laboratory equipment\n    27,000\n    105,250 (54)\n  \n  \n    43 Motor transport\n    93,000 (33)\n    \n  \n  \n    44 Sunblinds\n    10,000 (33)\n    \n  \n  \n    Equipment for Tuberculosis clinics\n    23,000\n    22,000\n  \n  \n    \n    22,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    100,000\n    100,000\n  \n  \n    \n    219,000\n    219,000\n  \n  \n    \n    250,000\n    350,000 (37)\n  \n  \n    \n    43,814 (38)\n    \n  \n  \n    Total Special Expenditure\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    50,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    12,668,351\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    213,250\n    14,007,254\n  \n  \n    7 Disinfecting and fumigating bureau\n    30,000\n    25,000 (36)\n  \n  \n    8 Expenses for courses of study and conferences\n    20,000\n    20,000\n  \n  \n    9 Extra diets for staff of anti-tuberculosis institutions..\n    60,000\n    40,000 (39)\n  \n  \n    10 Fuel, light and power\n    568,000\n    643,000 (40) (41)\n  \n  \n    11 Grant to St. John Ambulance Brigade.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    (1) Title changed from Services\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Director of Medical\n    10,000\n    11,700 (42)\n  \n  \n    12 Grants to chaplains\n    1,800\n    1,800\n  \n  \n    13 Health propaganda\n    15,000\n    15,000\n  \n  \n    14 Honoraria to Government consultants\n    33,000\n    33,000\n  \n  \n    15 Honoraria to housemen\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    16 Honoraria to Stenographer for Dental and Medical Boards\n    58,800 | (38)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    2,400\n    2,400\n  \n  \n    17 Incidental expenses\n    \n    12,000\n  \n  \n    18 Maintenance and transport of mental patients\n    50,000\n    \n  \n  \n    19 Maintenance of lepers\n    200,000\n    \n  \n  \n    20 Medical comforts\n    16,900 (48) (44)\n    50,000\n  \n  \n    \n    180,000 (45)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    6,000\n    6,000\n  \n  \n    21 Medical expenses for schools\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    23 Medicines and instruments\n    5,000\n    6,000 (44)\n  \n  \n    22 Medical fees for Government consultants\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1,110,000\n    \n  \n  \n    24 Notification fees, infectious diseases\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    25 Nursing and Midwives Board expenses\n    1,500\n    7,000\n  \n  \n    \n    1,500\n    \n  \n  \n    26 Preventive measures against infectious diseases\n    30,000\n    \n  \n  \n    27 Provisions\n    1,750,000\n    \n  \n  \n    28 Publications\n    7,200\n    \n  \n  \n    29 Relief of overcrowding of hospitals and clinics\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    30 Rent of premises\n    100,000\n    143,160\n  \n  \n    31 Repairs and upkeep of stores, plant, and equipment...\n    220,000\n    \n  \n  \n    32 Schools health service\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    33 Special treatment\n    4,500\n    4,500\n  \n  \n    34 Surgical appliances\n    4,000\n    4,000\n  \n  \n    35 Training of health inspectors\n    2,000\n    \n  \n  \n    36 Travelling expenses\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    37 Uniforms\n    2,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    100,000\n    115,100 (44)\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    145,000\n  \n  \n    38 Upkeep of vehicles\n    125,000 (51)\n    135,000\n  \n  \n    39 Washing\n    135,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    300,000\n    \n  \n  \n    40 X-Ray departmental expenses\n    \n    300,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    125,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    175,000 (41)\n  \n  \n    Pathological Institute\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Apparatus and chemicals\n    12,000\n    \n  \n  \n    Fuel, light, and power\n    (52)\n    \n  \n  \n    Incidental expenses\n    15,000\n    (52)\n  \n  \n    \n    1,200\n    \n  \n  \n    Travelling expenses\n    (52)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1,350 |\n    (52)\n  \n  \n    \n    (23) Provided for under Other Charges\n    \n  \n  \n    (24) Provided for under pensionable establishment\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    (25) 144 posts provided for under pensionable establishment and one new post\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Malaria Bureau\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Incidental expenses\n    1,000\n    (52)\n  \n  \n    Store and equipment\n    12,300\n    (52)\n  \n  \n    Travelling expenses\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    156,000 (46)\n    1,500,000 (87) (41)\n  \n  \n    \n    5,000 (47)\n    30,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    1,600,000 (48)\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    8,000 (37)\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    100,000\n  \n  \n    \n    108,360 (49)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    306,300 (50)\n    360,000 (35)\n  \n  \n    (2) Title changed from Deputy Director (Adminis trative) of Medical Services\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    (3) Personnel changed\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    ...\n    \n    \n  \n\n...\n\n116",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-623-9 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1952 1-2-1951 - 30-11-1951.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 600154,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-629-10 Tuberculosis 1-7-1950 - 31-10-1951",
        "page_number": 26,
        "title": "CO129-629-10 Tuberculosis 1-7-1950 - 31-10-1951",
        "content_text": "Diagnosis Incomplete\n\n(a) Attended clinic but did not attend for X-ray\n\n(b) Examination incomplete at 31st December, 1949\n\nTotal:\n\n3,334\n\n839\n\n4,173\n\n26\n\nA distressingly large number of individuals attended but failed to complete the examination, the proportion being rather less than last year.\n\nBacteriological Investigations.\n\nAll such work is carried out at the Government Pathological Institute, the details being as follows:\n\n  \n    \n    Positive\n    Negative\n    Total\n  \n  \n    Sputum\n    672\n    1,636\n    2,308\n  \n  \n    Gastric Lavage\n    6\n    54\n    60\n  \n  \n    Pleural Liquid\n    9\n    23\n    32\n  \n  \n    Kahn Test\n    8\n    41\n    49\n  \n\nStage of disease on first attendance\n\nOf those found to be suffering from active pulmonary tuberculosis more than two-thirds were suffering from bilateral disease.\n\nCases selected for hospital treatment were, apart from Government Servants who are accorded priority treatment, chosen from the less extensive types of case, who appeared most likely to derive permanent benefit from such treatment.\n\nNumber admitted to Hospitals.\n\n  \n    Queen Mary Hospital\n    184\n  \n  \n    Government Hospitals (Lai Chi Kok Hospital)\n    257\n  \n  \n    (St. John Hospital\n    8\n    49\n  \n  \n    Non-Govt. Hospitals\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Buttonjee Sanatorium (Tung Wah Group Hosp.\n    252\n    11\n    263\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    712\n  \n\nGrand total of Admission to Hospitals\n\nIt is unfortunately not possible to do more than give advice and symptomatic treatment to the more advanced type of cases who must do what they can for themselves at home. A subsidiary scheme for the provision of extra nourishment to such individuals, commenced in 1948, was discontinued on 30th June, 1949 as part of a general economy measure.\n\nThe details of out-patient treatment carried out at the clinic were as follows:-\n\nNumber Treated (specifying forms of treatment)\n\na. Injections\n\n778",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-629-10 Tuberculosis 1-7-1950 - 31-10-1951.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    }
]