[
    {
        "id": 224509,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "page_number": 415,
        "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "content_text": "Most is desirous of returning to the Chief Justice, but before taking this step [she] ventures to petition and solicit the Right Honorable [gentleman] to give [her a favourable consideration], free from official bias, after considering the peculiar and trying circumstances. [She] believes she is entitled to a Compassionate Pension.\n\n[The petitioner] is the Hard Labourer's widow and begs to bring to your notice the period when [her husband was imprisoned]. Any assistance that may become available will be most gratefully received, and [she] shall ever pray.\n\n[The petitioner's] circumstances must materially influence [the decision] in her proceeding. [She] begs to submit the big set [of documents]. Hon[orable] Sir, [she] shall be ever obliged if [her petition] shall be considered strictly private and confidential.\n\nAnd [from] Elm Cottage, The Grove Bros.\n\n411",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-018 - Others - 1846.txt",
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        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 247722,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-074 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Robinson - 1859 [6-12]",
        "page_number": 396,
        "title": "CO129-074 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Robinson - 1859 [6-12]",
        "content_text": "392\n\n( 131 )\n\nWeil, as yet, there is no result except the taking down an is\n\n( 130 )\n\n\"Of all men else I have avoided thee' as Macbeth says' to if born,\n\nAttorney General. Did you send that to the Friend of China ?* bich in any other case would be merely a personal mat- would, if directed against Sir John Bowring, be against\n\ne Queen's Goverument?\n\nDr Bridges. That would depend upon the nature of\n\ne libel.\n\nIt\n\nDr Bridges.--I may have forwarded it—but I do not conceive that to be a seditious libel.\n\nAttorney General.-Then do you consider this reflect- ing on you and Sir John a seditious libel? (reads from the \"Friend of China\" of 28th July, See page 122 supra). You state that you consider the principal charge to be No. 11.\n\nDr Bridges.-The connection with Ma-chow Wong I consider to be the serious charge. I understand that the charge is, that the Government by a damnable and contemptible trick prevented the connection between Mr Caldwell and Ma-chow Wong from being proved.\n\nAttorney General. You do not confine your opinion to No. 11?\n\nDr Bridges. The connection with Ma-chow Wong forms the subject of several of the charges.\n\nAttorney General. The information does not specify what the charge is, but the Acting Attorney General says that it refers to charge No. 11. The libel has reference to No. 10. We wish to fix by inuendo what is the principal charge?\n\nary documents are missing? They were in the custody of occurrence, the Acting Colonial Secretary dared to be guilty Dr Bridges. Because Sir John Bowring is the Queen's some government man in some way connected with the Legis such an interference is more than we could understand, we presentative. As regards myself, I was his principal sub- another Gentleman untimely delivered, not born, or, lative Council, as they were produced before that body. Some\n\nwe not so well acquainted with Dr Bridges that nothing bdmate, upon whom the machinery of Government prin- | earth born.\"-Friend of China, April 11, 1855, can do world surprise us-Hongkong Register July 6, 1857 pally devolved. people may object to the fatal and irrevocable doom \"burnt.\"\n\nCOMMITTEE ON THE PROTECTOR OF THE CHINESE-Most We shall not quarrel about a word, and shall therefore return them as \"non est inventus,\" and add, it is a most unfortunate our readers are aware that such a committee had been appoin thing for somebody's character that such a return has to be ed, and perhaps some may wonder what the result has bee made under the circumstances.-Hongkong Register June 29,\n\n\"In the face of the menace held out of further enquiry at the mense amount of evidence, to which an immense amount mo conclusion of the committee's labors, I will state what the mal will have to be added. We do not therefore draw attention practices were which were imputed by the Governor to Dr this case at the present time for the purpose of making any Bridges, and some of which I stated to Mr Mercer. The Gov-marks of it, but to introduce to our readers' notice a rath Attorney General. Suppose it related to the Greek ernor said he was never able to obtain an unbiassed opinion strange episode in the case before the committee. One of that, or such personal matters?\n\nDr Bridges.--If you will show me a libel directed from Dr Bridges, by reason of his being mixed up with a quan- charges is for having intimate connections with Ma-chow Won tity of local business. That there was a strange and illicit con. This man was the Jonathan Wild of Hongkong, the fitter ainst any Governor and Colonial Secretary I'll say nection between him and the Chinese community-that he used and putter up of piracies from the earliest days of the colony.hether I consider it a seditious libel or not,\n\nAttorney General.---Well what do you think of this? it to the great discredit of his office by every kind of extortion from him Mr Caldwell obtained much secret information. of an usurious character-he being an extensive money lender was said at the time we commenced warlike operations at Ca A subscriber has sent us an extract from Legare's Diary\n\nthat people. That the house where he lived and con- ton that the information so given was of a most valuable nat 85) which he thinks may prove edifying to the public, as among ducted the business of the Attorney Generalship was filled with for the protection of the Colony against the attempts of hibitory of what different great men think of each other opium and other merchandise not belonging to Dr Bridges, but brave, urged on by the Mandarins. It was however observe hardly to our taste, and if the gentleman caricatured had deposited there in pawn-That he availed himself of his post than when any information was obtained about the braves en consistent to past professions, not in these columns should tion to exact such a rate of interest as the borrowers could not were always too late to catch them. A contemporary wh antagonists have had opportunity of pointing their ridicule. honestly afford to pay. The Governor mentioned to me what the\n\nhad been writing against the scoundrel for years never ceases Excellency's late abjuration, however, of all sympathy with sum was--but it was so incredulous that it could not have been urging that the man should be seized and tried. An opponen struggling for liberty, has been so marked, and the mis- paid unless the goods pawned were stolen. The Governor nity occurred, and Ma-chow Wong was captured, tried, four ef he has effected is so serious, and is likely to prove of so further said that the goods going out and into Dr Bridges's guilty, and sentenced. When he was taken everything belon uring a nature, that we have lost all that regard which En- house was a scandal to the neighborhood. He continued by ing to him was seized, including his account books. The shmen generally feel for the representative of their Sover saying that the departure of Dr Bridges was the signal for all books were taken to the Police Office, and of their fate mo manner of complaints respecting Dr Bridges's conduct in office\n\nanon. The general impression was, that Ma-chow We At 6 dine at the Palace in the little apartments. Dinner being privately made to him, the Governor, of which he had would be so well supported that on the rehearing of his ca\n\nde remarkable by the presence of a Radical notabilité Dr never had any previous notice. Finally the Governor said he before the Executive Council Sir John Bowring would exerci\n\nwring har es testamentarius of Jerry Bentham and Editor (dit had been weak enough to give a strong certificate, or letter of his prerogative of mercy, and pardon the pirate, for his service of the Westminster Review; a very vulgar cuistre, lectur- credentials, which Dr Bridges had taken away with him; but as spy. This led to our contemporary throwing out so man incessantly about first priciples, and proclaiming himself in that he, the Governor had been careful to confine his praise to\n\nWhat a world it dark hints, that he was invited to attend before the Councilery worl, look and gesture Sir Oracle. Dr Bridges's abilities as a lawyer, and that he had explained in give in evidence what he knew. He did so, and stated that buld be if governed by these self conceited and presumptuous the proper quarter that by \"lawyer\" he did not mean “interna-Ma-chow Wong's books there were proofs of the purchase injays; and yet their favorite theme of railing is the arro- tional lawyer.\" These were only some of the many things large quantities of arms and ammunition and also the proof thence of the aristocracy, whose whole system of manners (the He talked inces- that I was very much pained to hear from His Excellency he was the proprietor of Chim-sa-tsuy, a piratical village on thy antiththon of this school) is self denial. Hongkong Register July 6, 1857,”\n\nopposite shore, where all the piracies were concocted and thtly at the table (sitting next to me on my right) to Rogier, The Friend of China calls Dr Bridges \"a meddling busy plunder concealer; further, that the books contained in addie Minister of the Interior, who listened like a most docile cate- body\" he is all that and something more, and every one tion a specific reference to certain produce which had beef men, and apparently with immense edification. knows the fate that attends the schemes of such people. The captured by pirates. The Chinese interpreter Mr Mongan when the Queen and Her Ladies are seated, he goes up to Mail says in reference to this and another case growing out whom the books had been given for translation, said no booker Majesty and harangues her in the most extraordinary man- of it, that \"a Governor of a strong decided character would at containing such information had been given him. The edit ever witnessed since the execution of Marie Antoinette; once put a stop to this sort of thing, and suspend right and left.\" of the Mail was then asked for the authority on which he madasting himself between Her Majesty and the Lady next her, We perfectly agree with our contemporary, for, if Dr Bridges such statements, on which he named Mr May, Superintende bing up and down his head and spectacles like a duck in a had been guilty of nothing but this gross interference with the of Police. On that gentleman being called, he said he hadle gesticulating, &c. police, he should be at once suspended as unfit for his office by desired the interpreters of the Police Court to look through thamilton puts the Grand Marshal up to going to Her Majesty's lonial Secretary, who, as a lawyer and the responsible adviser such interference. The Acting Colonial Secretary is member books, and from their translation he took down such entries of the Legislative Council, and it is not two months since that body passed Ordinance 8 of 1858 for regulation of the Chinese People &c, and for other purposes of Police. By Section VI of that Ordinance the control of the police which had been vested in the Chief Magistrate by 12 of 1844 was transferred in the fullest and most ample manner to the Superintendent of Police; and we are assured that this was done by an express coinmand\n\ncontained in a despatch of the Secretary of State who said he objected most decidedly to any divided command of the police that the Superintendent must be solely responsible and have the sole control. How in the face of these facts of so recent\n\nAfter din-\n\nWe looked on in amaze; at last\n\nCourt. The answer is that Nos. 10 and 11 run together. Dr Bridges. And the whole of the charges referring to the connection with Ma-chow Wong, which I conceive to be the principal charge against Ma-chow Wong.\n\nAttorney General.-Do you know whether the Attorney General declined to follow the order of charges as laid down by the Government, and that the Commission ac- quiesced and allowed him to take his own course?\n\nDr Bridges. Yes. I understood that the Attorney on given his evidence before the Caldwell Commission dis- tinctly refused to follow the order of the charges, and that the Commissioners acquiesced in his doing so?\n\nAttorney General-Had not strong language appeared in the news papers on the defence given by me.\n\nDr Bridges. Of my own knowledge I cannot say, but I believe something of the kind appeared in the Hongkong Register.\n\nAttorney General.--I will read to you,-\n\n\"But after this explanation, what then? Why, certain docu- ments were destroyed by order of Dr Bridges, the Acting Co-\n\nof the Governor, ought to have known better; but we will not lay the blame on Dr Bridges-that his superior must still bear, whether the documents included Mr May's memoranda or not. That such memoranda did exist, there can be no question. If not destroyed, as non-produceable at the demands of the Com\n\niverance by engaging her in conversation; the manœuvre he thought of importance; these he now produced in two mcceeds, for after a few moments indecision the Radical leaves morandum books They were read and corroborated the char Round Table and comes up to us-but after speaking a ges of the Mail to the letter, which shut up Ma-chow Wonge while in a most absurd strain of egotism, finding no sym- claim of being an honest man, Now comes the episode. Whethy in our circle, and no obstacle to his renewing his attack\n\nshould have all the documents in the case before them. Among t, and takes him, off by some means or other. Crampton the present committee was appointed it was promised the on the Queen, he is at her again; but D'Aerschot is on the mittee, what does it matter in what manner such extraordin- others called for early in the case were Mr May's memorands he is in advance of his times a long way, and is showing Enquiry in the Colonial Office of the Clerk of Councils was of specimen of the manners of the twenty fifth century. no use; no such documents were in the archives of the Execu tive Council. Nobody knew where they were.\n\nOn this the Attorney General proposed to give evidence as to where the\n\nLegaré will be better known to Citizens of the United States than\n\nshmen as their Ambassador at Naples and other courts.\n\nThe Editor of the Friend of China did not know who it came from. He thought the hand writing was Dr Bridges's, and by showing it to friends with a view to confirm him in his opinion, the supposition, as to the communicator, was talked of, and so, afterwards, became known to Mr Chisholm Anstey. Had Dr Bridges denied the communication, the defendant would not have attempted to prove it.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-074 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Robinson - 1859 [6-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 290994,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-163 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 161,
        "title": "CO129-163 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "the 14th April, 1873.\n\nCleared from this Port,\n\nYou\n\nI have the honor to be,\n\nMy Lord,\n\nYour Lordship's most obedient & humble Servant,\n\nMacDonnell,\n\nGovernor.\n\n1873 BOTH DAYS INCLUSIVE.\n\n  \n    ADULTS.\n    CHILDREN.\n  \n  \n    Male.\n    Female.\n    Male.\n    Female.\n  \n\nRETURN OF VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS TO THE PORT OF VICTORIA, HONGKONG, FROM PLACES OUT OF THE CHINESE EMPIRE\n\nBETWEEN THE 14th AND THE 23rd April 1873.\n\n  \n    No.\n    DATE ARRIVED.\n    SHIP'S NAME.\n    TONS.\n    NATIONALITY OF SHIP.\n    MASTER'S NAME.\n    WHERE FROM.\n    TOTAL.\n    REMARKS.\n  \n  \n    03\n    18\n    Ashburton\n    1915\n    British\n    Johnson\n    Singapore\n    158\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    21\n    Diomed\n    1990\n    \n    Jaques\n    do.\n    30\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    15\n    Cariton\n    381\n    do.\n    Jackson\n    do.\n    110\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    Oracle\n    1,196\n    \n    Erquiaga\n    Peru\n    98\n    246\n  \n\n23rd April 1873\n\nHONGKONG,\n\nEMIGRATION OFFICE,\n\n23rd April 1873.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-163 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [4-6].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 295011,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-169 - Others - 1874",
        "page_number": 235,
        "title": "CO129-169 - Others - 1874",
        "content_text": "## BOLETIM DA PROVINCIA\n\nSargento ajudante- 1.º sargento, José Prado Propriedades, nos terrenos tem dade. Um singelo portico com sé do Reino Fousada.\n\n1.º sargento 2.º sargento, Vicente Paula de Conceição Tamos.\n\n2.º sargento-o 2.º sargento graduado Joaquim Pedro.\n\nFurriel-O furriel graduado do corpo da polícia, Antonio de Figueiredo.\n\n## SENTENÇA\n\nVendo-se n'esta cidade de Macau, e na sala da capitania do porto, o processo verbal e sumário feito ao réo José Rodrigues Grillo, segundo grumete n.º 189 da 10.ª secção do corpo de marinheiros d'armada destacado a bordo da escuna Principe Carlos, auto do corpo de delito, depoimento das testemunhas inquiridas, e interrogatórios feitos ao mesmo réo, decidiu-se por maioria de votos, que se provailo o crime de ferimento de que é acusado: porém atendendo que o ferido Antonio Joaquim da Silva não ficou com vestígio algum, nem está impossibilitado de trabalhar, declaram que o réo seja expiada a culpa com o tempo que tem sofrido de prisão.\n\nMacau, sala da capitania do porto, aos 15 de novembro de 1873.—Francisco de Funda de Taz, capitão, servindo de auditor, vencido.—Januario Agostinho d'Almeida, tenente coronel reformado, presidente. Frederico Guilherme Freire Corte Real, capitão, interrogante.—Manuel Luiz Moules Leite, segundo tenente d'armada vogal.—José Almeida d'Avila, segundo tenente, vogal.—Joaquim Pedro Naanferrato Cardoso Pinto de Sousa, tenente, vogal. -Antonio M. B. Arrobas, tenente.\n\n## AVISO\n\nDe ordem da ex.ª junta da fazenda se faz público, para que todas as pessoas que têm obtido terrenos baldios e com obrigação de pagar foro à fazenda pública, devem praticar todos os actos preparatórios, a fim de assignar o termo de posse no prazo de 30 dias, a contar d'esta data na secretaria da junta da fazenda.\n\nFicando desde já avisadas que incorrerão em comisso as que não satisfizerem esta determinação.\n\nMacau, secretaria da junta da fazenda, 15 de janeiro de 1874.\n\nO secretario,\nJ. C. Paes d'Assumpção.\n\n## AVISO\n\nA mala para a Índia e Europa por um dos vapores da companhia Messageries Maritimes fechar-se-á no dia 27 do corrente, às 8 horas da tarde. No dia 3 de fevereiro, às mesmas horas, fechar-se-á a mala para a Índia etc.\n\nO edifício estava todo embandeirado e enfeitado com flores, e durante a entrada e ocupação do pessoal, gado, e de todo o trem do serviço de limpeza, tocou a banda de música do Batalhão de Infantaria.\n\nEste estabelecimento é tão apropriado ao fim do seu destino, que nos seus lugares em perfeita disposição, em poucos momentos tudo ficou pronto.\n\nMacau, Correio Marítimo, 24 de janeiro de 1874.\n\nA. de Sousa, Administrador interino.\n\n## PARTE NÃO OFFICIAL\n\n### MACAU, 31 DE JANEIRO DE 1874\n\n#### INAUGURAÇÃO DA ABEGOARIA DA CIDADE\n\nNo domingo 25 do corrente mês, à uma hora da tarde, inaugurou-se a abertura da abegoaria da cidade, mandada edificar por S. Ex.ª o Governador no aprazível sítio da Guia.\n\nEste edifício de uma construção simples e apropriada ao seu uso, é destinado a acomodar o pessoal e material da limpeza diária da cidade.\n\nAssistiram S. Ex.ª o Governador da província, o secretário geral, e câmara municipal, director das obras públicas, comandante do corpo de polícia, e administrador do concelho, além de vários oficiais e outros empregados.\n\n\"Acordão os da junta de justiça que, visto estes autos, alegações por parte do promotor e do advogado defensor do réo, e mais que consta dos autos; confirmam a sentença do conselho de guerra por unanimidade de votos, e manda que o réo José Rodrigues Grillo seja posto em liberdade.\n\nMacau, na sala de sessão da junta de justiça, 28 de janeiro de 1874.—Antonio C. Broudio.—Visconde de S. Januario.—Jeronimo Pereira Leite, tenente coronel, vogal.—D. J. d'Almeida Barbosa, tenente coronel, vogal.—J. E. Scarnichia, capitão de fragata, vogal.—Fernando Augusto de Costa Cabral, 1.º tenente d'armada, comandante.\"\n\nO secretário geral,\nHenrique de Castro.\n\n### Ocorrências policiais de 24 a 30 de janeiro de 1874\n\n| Navios surtos no porto, Taipa e rada de Macau no dia 30 de janeiro | Apparelhios | Nação | Nome | Toneladas | Observações |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | Vapor de guerra | Portuguesa | Tejo |  |  |\n|  | Escuna de guerra | Portuguesa | Principe Carlos |  |  |\n|  | Corveta a vapor | Americana | Hartford |  |  |\n|  | Vapor | Peruano | Florencia | 818 |  |\n|  | Galera | Peruana | San Juan | 1450 | Preso por ferimento |\n|  | Galera | Peruana | Isabel | 1811 | 5.3 por ilesordem |\n|  | Galera | Peruana | Oracle | 1231 | 1 por rouba |\n|  | Galera | Peruana | Columbia | 979 | * por alliciador de coolis |\n|  | Galera | Peruana | Emigrante |  |  |\n|  | Galera | Peruana | Nuova Providencia | 947 |  |\n|  | Galera | Peruana | Agostina | 947 |  |\n|  | Galera | Peruana | Lola | 800 |  |\n|  | Galera | Peruana | ... Pera | 690 |  |\n|  | Galera | Peruana | Providencia | 660 |  |\n|  | Galera | Peruana | Fray-Bentos | 501 |  |\n\nTotal dos presos... 33\n\n### CHINA & JAPAN MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY\n\n#### NOTICE\n\nThirty-three and one-third per cent will be allowed on ALL INSURANCES granted by this Company.\n\nRAYNAL & Co.,\nAgents.\n\nMacao, 19th November, 1878.\n\n### MOVIMENTO NO PORTO DE MACAU\n\nDe ordem da ex.ª junta da fazenda se faz público, que na terça-feira, dia 3 de fevereiro, ao meio-dia, no edifício do extinto convento de Santo Agostinho, onde existia o hospital militar, se procederá a leilão da mobília e utensílios do mesmo hospital.\n\nMacau, secretaria da junta da fazenda, 29 de janeiro de 1874.\n\nO secretario,\nJ. C. Paes d'Assumpção.\n\n### NAVIOS ENTRADOS\n\n| Data | Navio | Capitão/Comandante | Toneladas | Procedência | Carga |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 24-Jan. | Vapor peruano Florencia | G. G. y Garcya | 885 | Cardiff | Carvão |\n| 24-Jan. | Barca sinense Barra Noorful | A. Worgitzky | 340 | Amoi | Diversa carga |\n| 27-Jan. | Corveta a vapor americana Hartford | E. R. Cothon | 400 | Vampú |  |\n| 25-Jan. | Vapor de guerra americano Monocacy | Stanton |  | Hongkong |  |\n\n### NAVIO SAÍDO\n\n| Data | Navio | Capitão | Toneladas | Destino | Carga |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 29-Jan. | Barca sinense Barra Noorful | A. Worgitzky | 340 | Singora (Siam) | Diversa carga |\n\nCapitania do porto de Macau—29 de janeiro de 1874.\n\nJ. E. SCARNICHIA, Capitão do porto.\n\nMacau impresso na typographia MERCANTIL.\n\nF. O.No 8469\n\n... \n\n(remaining text appears to be unrelated to the main document and is not in the same language, so it is left out)",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-169 - Others - 1874.txt",
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        "id": 317920,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 171,
        "title": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "# THE CHINA REVIEW\n## A CHINESE PRIMER\n\nlines and turn at once—suiting the action to the word; but here occurred a pause, and with a smile, \"Oh, I see I must have taken the wrong radical. Yes! this must be the one, and so many strokes, here we shall have it,\" but no, the oracle was again wrong. \"You see it is sometimes difficult to tell which is the radical,\" said he grimly. A third attempt failed likewise; the book was closed and hurled into a corner with the remark, \"There, Sir, you see the use of the radicals; I have been at Chinese for twenty years and can't find a simple character when I want it; good morning!\" Let not any young student who has followed me so far be disheartened by such a story. All who have achieved a position as Sinologists have experienced something of the same sort, and that not once or twice only.\n\nThe Bishop is to be complimented on his selection and arrangement of the studies for the sounds and tones of the dialect, only remarking that it is one thing to be able to give the correct tone of every individual word and quite another to connect and use them in sentences as a native does. Power to do the latter may be acquired long before the memory will enable the former to be done. The daily repetition of sentences after a teacher is of far more importance than that of single words. Children speak correctly long before they can analyse the sentences they make use of.\n\nThe remaining 30 pages of the Primer are to my mind most mystifying. If anything is worth learning in Chinese it is worth learning thoroughly. Why then should we have here put before us fragments of weights and measures, a defective list of classifiers, and a mere sprinkling of the numerical categories. Take for instance weights and measures; under the head \"length\" is inserted a very useful fragment of information that the Chinese mile is a little more than a third of an English mile. But why does Dr. Burdon put in the hero, omitting the necessary links to show what constitutes a mile or `li` and without reference also to the number of `li` forming a league or `tong-sun` which so often occurs in conversation under the form `Yat-po-...`? From land measure the `Fan` and `Kok` are both omitted (the former occurring in books, the latter more frequently in Tank-wa), whilst no mention whatever is made of Dry Measure. It must puzzle a beginner also to be told on one page that one `Lereng` is an ounce and on the next that 16 of these make 1 English lb.\n\nThe student must constantly feel when acquiring knowledge in this irregular way the uncomfortable conviction that he will have to go over it all again and seek elsewhere for a text book on which he can rely.\n\nLet us now proceed to examine the classifiers or numeratives of which Dr. Burdon only gives 60, whilst Dr. Dennys for instance enumerates 72, Lobscheid 75, and Dr. Eitel 81. It is very difficult to understand on what principle any should have been left out, or if any are deemed superfluous what has governed the selection. These surely: `札塲重欵行頁嚿羣片部本雙啖笪點團隊,段,席餐圓層` are as important as some which duly appear. Why, again, are some translated, whilst others are not? Such want of system is very irritating to the earnest student, sending him again and again to the very dictionary whence these are said in the Preface to have been extracted to be put into more convenient form.\n\nIn one place `Chung` is wrongly given as the numerative of affairs, it should be `Kien` according to Dr. Williams. Again, Dr. Burdon makes a mistake when he places it as the classifier of bridges, rivers, doors &c. It is undoubtedly right as the classifier for an Imperial decree, but in the other cases the correct character is undoubtedly `條` *Things in handles, heavy showers, a series, sections, things in rows, strips, lumps, Rocks, slices, volumes, acts of plays, couples, month-ful, spots, dots, clods, groups, sentences, feasts, meals, circles, stories of houses*.\n\nThe numerous examples given under many of the best known classifiers will no doubt be very useful, but here again we miss any indication of the various values of the several examples. Many expressions, common and uncommon, are mixed up in the same group, the student being left to pick his way as best he can without a note to guide him. We miss, for instance, `對對yal, tai hái, a pair of scrolls`, a most common expression; whilst `to` in connection with house and pagodas would not generally be understood; - `Zyat, shi man táp`, would be recognised everywhere, which would not be the case were `yat, two2 ráp` used. Under `ting` it is marked that the colloquial pronunciation of `mo'` is '`mò`, the `ha hüy shing` being changed to `sheung sheung shing`, but it should also be remarked that at Canton the `sheung sheung shing` is used for the little round summer-cap, whilst the `ha hüy shing` is always used for the massive rain-hat.\n\nAfter the classifiers Dr. Burdon gives the \"Groups or families of words,\" or as Mr. Mayers calls them in his most valuable Manual, \"Numerical Categories,\" and recommends the learner to be ever on the watch for them. Let the reader try to picture if he can his feeling of disgust if, after some months of laboriously collecting what he could of these according to advice so given, he were to discover that a magnificent collection already existed of over 300 in an easily accessible form, with references also to the authorities to be consulted for information about them. I can hardly think that Dr. Burdon is really unaware of the existence of the Chinese Reader's Manual, or he would surely not have contented himself with so poor a collection, between fifty and sixty only, when hundreds were at hand.\n\nAmongst these which he gives some are introduced which only occur in books, which would by no means be recognised by natives as belonging to the authorized Categories; these ought to be kept by themselves, e.g. the \"four knowledges,\" p. 42, \"four moral diseases,\" or \"four miserable classes.\" These groups are not known by these titles, and it is calculated to mislead the student rather than help him, to place them in the midst of other well-known categories: `西民四業` are given as titles for the four classes of people; the first character, I believe, is quite erroneous, it should be `庶`. Whilst the second title is not used as it stands but is an unauthorized contraction for `四樣事業`: `四民` by which are indicated four popular pictures called the `漁樵耕讀`, that is to say the fisherman, woodcutter, farmer, and student.\n\nThe `六合` should read `東南西北上下`, and be termed the six cardinal points, whilst those the Bishop gives with zenith and nadir instead of `上下`, should be named `luk kik` or six Limits of Space (Mayers, p. 322 and 323). It should also be pointed out that both of these titles have other and different groups under them, as have several other of the titles given in the Primer., e.g. `帝` the Bishop calls `五帝`, and `堯舜`, `堯` and `舜`. But most people would understand the reference to `文昌` and the gods of literature and war, `關帝`.\n\nThe or five grades of mourning present one of the most hopeless muddles I have ever seen in an educational work, the Bishop giving them as `三年期大功` (which he gives as 5 months); `小功` (which he calls 3 months) and `緦麻` light mourning. Dr. Williams, p. 461, under `服` gives the correct period for `大功` and `小功` as 9 months and 5 months respectively, and p. 834 the fifth grade as 3 months mourning for the fourth generation; whilst Legge's Classics, Vol. I, p. 83 note, give us the proper names for the first and second...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 377193,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-300 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 289,
        "title": "CO129-300 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "## No. 857/1900\n**C.O. DESPATCH.**\n\nNo. 30006\n\n**Supplementary Estimates 1899**\n\nOracle 21/1900: Sup: Approp = 1899\n\nTickets1 808,3 k\n\nCopy Ordre Voks Audit Affles of 18 Soplaton \n`300-15000-11-603`\n\nsequent Paper.\n\nSubmits \n\n(Minutes.) \n|         |        |\n|---------|--------|\n| A       | M. im Them |\n| Ned     | 3m 2076    |\n| ? Ack.  | Suffl lot  |\n|         | and        |\n| A. F.   | Sanction   |\n|         | 5/3        |\n| 15/9    | engry      |\n\nHesandeday of toteamates of ode to `A.O.RE.` \nat am \n\nSubsequent Paper.\n\nSpare copies to hebrany \nsanction Ord%",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-300 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [7-9].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 377533,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-301 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 2,
        "title": "CO129-301 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "# CO.129/301\n\n## Contents\n| Page | Subject |\n| --- | --- |\n| 422-423 | Hong Kong 1900 Vol. I |\n| 424 | Telegram 19 |\n| 425-427, 429 | Confidential |\n| 431 | Telegram 21 |\n| 432 |  |\n| 433 | Telegram 25 |\n| 434 |  |\n| 438 | Telegram 28 |\n| 440 | Telegram 2 |\n| 444 |  |\n| 449-450 | Confidential |\n\n## Subjects and Correspondence\n\n### Telegram and Confidential Documents\n- Telegram 19\n- Confidential documents (pages 425-427, 429)\n- Telegram 21\n- Telegram 25\n- Telegram 28\n- Telegram 2\n- Confidential documents (pages 449-450)\n\n### Topics\n1. **Land claims and restitutions** - badeto from Canton\n2. **Dockyard Extension**\n3. **Assistance to Mission Stations** - Districts watchmen's Honest\n4. **Promotion of M. U. Seth** - badets\n5. **Water Supply** - Kowloon and insula Shine betaton\n6. **China - Reform Movement**\n7. **British interests in S. China**\n8. **Import of Ammo by Messrs. Argyles** (page 460)\n9. **Property held by Mr. Grant** - fruit Leave Salary & Rumon hates\n10. **Draft Law Opium Oracle**\n11. **Act blumens byitator** (page 8)\n12. **Salaries of subordinate officers**\n13. **Disturbances in E. China**\n14. **Draft Rand Opium Umenat Örace**\n15. **Blue Book & Report 1899**\n16. **Admission of solicitor to Supreme Court of UK** - Stamping of Deeds\n17. **Disturbances in S. China**\n18. **Staff of Governor on leave** (page 13)\n19. **Trade**\n20. **House allowance** - Language Fiction of cadets\n21. **Plaque for mention by Rate**\n\n## Names\n- Blake, Gbrig\n- kah, ho \n\n## Page Metadata\nPage 422\nPage 423 \n\n... \n\n## Other References\n- `XCR(85)72` is not present in the original text, hence not included.\n- File references like `GR1178/1922/32(III)` are not present in the original text.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-301 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [9-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 408939,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 5,
        "title": "CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "Desh. No. Gali\n\nSubject-\n\n125 13 May Property at Kowloon betiz 15 - Military land.\n\nFurniture at Govt. House theountain Lodge.\n\nDismissal of Inspr. Kelly.\n\n126.\n\n1247 Asst. Auditor. Rly. Dept.\n\nbouf. 15.\n\nOpium traffic in China\n\n133.\n\n23 Brussels Sugar Convention,\n\n134 23\n\n135 23 Pension to £/ Sgt. Roberton.\n\nbouf 23 23 Tel. 98 Overseer, P.W.D.\n\nCurrency in China\n\n31 # Viceroy of Canton\n\n138.\n\n31 140.\n\n31 lafl 31 13. 31 → bouf Sel Je It t 31\n\n144 31 bouf 31 4 31 31 * D 5 June\n\n150.8 152. & 154 10 153- 10 156. 10 159. 12 12 160. Tel. 162. 13 ม *\n\nAdministration of Sanitary Laws\n\nApply of Sir A. Berkeley.\n\nOrdinance. 1.\n\n2. Draft Chinese Emigration Order.\n\nOverseer for Drainage Works. Pension of Dr. Dobson.\n\nNew Viceroy of Canton.\n\nConveyance of Coolies by Brit. Vessels. Subsidiary Coins depreciation\n\nSanitary Sept\n\nPension of F. A. Biden\n\nHygiene - instruction Order. 3.\n\nOfficers security. Wireless Telegraphy Order. 4.\n\nCarpet for Govt. House\n\nTransfer of certain hearing Lob-\n\nbeef. No Date -Subject-\n\nbouf 14 June Sanitary commission Kowloon Canton Rly.\n\nSanitary Dept.\n\n15 # 166. 164. 22 \" bouf. 22. 169. 2 1440 204 #\n\nCollege of Medicine.\n\nDefalcations of Shroff\n\nKowloon Canton Rly. W.40. pension fund Order. Order. 6.\n\n1971.\n\n244 # 172. # 7. G. 173. day. Shipping Rings or Conferences. infer day. Amalgamation of police posts - bouf day. Sterling salaries of budget -\n\n145- bouf & Oracle.\n\nCours traffic with China",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-340 - Governor Nathan Acting Governor May - 1907 [4-6].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 432442,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-379 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 192,
        "title": "CO129-379 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "It will not be advised to exercise the power of disallowance inspect for Oracle.\n\nThe Secretary's attention will be invited to follow con... Order (ay 6 the errors In the the last line of section 6 the \"by\" the expression \"Kquired Elaw misprinted In the words against the orace are ) ( 190 omitted at the end subject to Art 33(a). 2 of Section 7 ра",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-379 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [8-9].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 490479,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-472 - Others - 1921",
        "page_number": 171,
        "title": "CO129-472 - Others - 1921",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG \n30062 \n16 N21 \nFROM 1921 \n\nDATE 16 June \n\nFOR CIRCULATION:- \n\n## SUBJECT \nMr. Brebest \nMr. Beckett Ehrmandt \nVolunteer Oracle 1921 \nMr. Collins \nMr. Grindle \nSir H. Lambert \nSir H. Read \nSir G. Fiddes \nMr. Wood \nMr. Churchill \n\nPrevious Paper `Gov/10168` \nAsks that expression of satisfaction may be conveyed to C-in-C for adopting recommendations referred to.\n\n## MINUTES \nWe concur.\n\nleos Conf 24 June to W.O.\n\n11 May, 1927. 200/1714esen \n\nSubsequent Paper `For 171447/22` \n(a) (#77309) `W, 4710/19 Gp. 168` \n40000 5-21 `W&S Ltd` \nterms of the new order from a military point of view, subject to local sanction Lt. \nSwing subst. of this yes A&E \n2006 \nBoth Od 2 of 1920 & this site may be sanctioned. \nCol. Wilson to see. \nThank you \n30.6.71 \n\nDr. 21/6 \nAt once",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-472 - Others - 1921.txt",
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    {
        "id": 494894,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-479 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 439,
        "title": "CO129-479 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "the former's proposal to be put \n\nin abeyance for the \n\ntime being. (we shall be subject to the usual \n\npolitical pressure \n\n& fort Part III \n\nwith operation \n\nover) \n\nPage 434\n\nExpect Hot S. opt = satisfaction. \n\nat this passing of \n\nMi \n\nwith the consent of the \n\nrepresentatives of the \n\nChamber of Commerce, to \n\nvary \n\nPortefolio we may \n\nalso agree \n\na law for taking the live \n\n(of (arsen faire) which he \n\nfont (48/7488) 65 \n\nlater as \n\nZ \n\nregards the accommodation \n\nmin Crai leaving them \n\nemployment. \n\nEu accordance with the \n\nMetge given in 9908 \n\npledge \n\nof the trees shd be lack \n\nwhy \n\nthe \n\nA \n\nlathe of \n\nthe Home of \n\nConsum \n\nAP/4/23 \n\nNo legal obsons. \n\ndr. \n\n18/4. \n\nthe device to amociali \n\nKimself \n\nwith the Governor's \n\nLupa di alion \n\n1 \n\nHE G \n\nsastaralet \n\na ill founded assertions which \n\nhave been \n\ncourse of \n\n5 \n\nDracle c \n\nthe controvery, \n\nHot be wohin de the cordial \n\nCooperation \n\ncommunity in \n\nthe Che \n\n20.6.25 \n\nat we \n\nwarg \n\n23 4.23 \n\n44 \n\nAre \n\nIn writing \n\nAv \n\n19 \n\nabom we should \n\nA",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-479 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [1-3].txt",
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    {
        "id": 508033,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 1,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## CLOSED UNTIL 1927\n\n**Hong Kong.**\n\nNo. 300 14\n\n**SUBJECT**\n\n口  \n**bhina** 1624\n\n**Previous**  \nF.O.  \n**Protection of Anglo-Chinese**  \nCO 129/501/3  \n23990/26.\n\n**Subsequent**  \n52710/28.\n\n**FILE C.**  \n`(1367)` Wt.29558/47 2,000-10/39  \nN.P.Co. G.682/10",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508034,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 2,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# 30014 \n## 1927 \n### HONG KONG \n**W106** \nChina \n## Protection of Anglo-Chinese \n\n| Previous paper | Subsequent File |\n| --- | --- |\n| Fo 230901.6 52710/2 | 28 |\n\n## DATE \n2 \n30014 \n3/8 \n\n| Name | Date |\n| --- | --- |\n| Corbuck | 15/1 |\n| Mr B. Keller | 19/1 |\n| Mr. Egli |  |\n| luille |  |\n| I. Becker | 25/7 |\n| Ellis | 25/7 |\n| ER | 20/12 |\n| Mr Camenzo |  |\n| Mr Recher |  |\n| in- Ellin |  |\n| whic |  |\n| Rann | 25/2 |\n| Mr Clutterbuck | 28/2 |\n| Mr Blikk M |  |\n| M. El | 29/... |\n| My Chulicback | 7/3 |\n| M. Beckel |  |\n| Shot. Josh künite S (hird Wilson | 3/... |\n\nTelef \n`258406--Wt. 4948/35–700—11/27` \nW. & S. L. (`E. 1385%`) \n\n## No. \n3 \n20 \n21 \n\n## BUT BY // \n\n| Date | No. |\n| --- | --- |\n| 29/9 | 12 |\n| 23/4 | ... |\n| Ti | 22 |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508035,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 3,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## F.O.\n\n3 \n4 \n\nUnofficial translation of telegram to Deep from Ho, 858, Jan 1926, from Bom, men at Peking.\n\nre robbery of his Leo Yee Swee, a Br. subject.\n\n2 Tel. stands & strong 11 Jan. 1927.\n\n3 Copy also to comp. 13 Jan, 2 p.m.\n\nNor confirms F.O. view that our Consuls can ro... in present circumstances.\n\nBut ho... protection I shs. have thought that Mr Kirke wo... do well to proceed with acrimonious correspondence.\n\nput by TAlmtabuck 15/1\n\n0861911 Tel. Lo que serious 19 Jan 27\n\n300407/27 May",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508036,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 4,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "4 \n\nFor Ellis, her Clutterbuck & I were invited \nto the F.O. this morning \nto discuss the \nposition \nsubjects of \nThe Anglo-Chinese (i.e. Chinese descent) in \nBretagne \nwe have to \nmake large concessions to the Chinese \nnationalists. \n\n## solution \n\n7 \n\nThe F.O. consider that the best \nway out of the difficulties which they \nare \nready \nto discuss with Canton will be to offer \nOrder in Council under which the \nConsular Courts will administer Chinese \nlaw \nas \nstated in the modern codes issued \nby the Republic. \n\nThis will involve the Consular \nCourts acting on \nthe Chinese Nationality \nlaw \nwhich provides that he who is of Chinese descent remains \na \nChinese citizen remaining \nChinese \nfor some \ntime \nin default of divesting themselves \nof Chinese nationality. \n\nThere is a process \nwhereby \na Chinese citizen \ncan renounce \nChinese nationality, but it is hedged round with conditions, involves the consent \nof the Minister of the Interior, & is practically \nnever used. \n\nThis is a concession to \nChinese feeling \nwhich would sweep away \nmost of \nthe causes of friction, \nin particular \nsolve the most exasperating of all, that \nof the Chinaman who lives as \na Chinese citizen until he comes into",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508037,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 5,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "claims to \n\n5 \n\nTrouble \n\nLe \n\n(ten \n\nto us acabo \n\nBritish subject because he or she father \n\nwas born in \n\nthe Colony. \n\nWe pointed out that this concession, if not souse modifications of it, would in practice mean \nsurrendered all claim to protect any of the inhabitants of the Colonies in the \nplace to which most of them want to go, namely China.\n\nThat we were bound by the Chinese nationality law, would have a disastrous \neffect on the loyalty of the Chinese communities \nhere. \n\nAny attempt to Anglicize them would be met with derision by the C.O. But if the \nColonial Office really were driven to adopt it on \nbehalf of the \"Colony\", could \nthey not make their offer conditional on \nthe Chinese entering into a reciprocal arrangement?\n\nFinally, we were told \nthat in \nall likelihood there would be little \nopening for asking for a quid pro quo, as \nif there were \nconcessions to be made, there were other directions \nin which it would have to be sought. But \nthe S.O. hoped that, \nonce they \nhad \ndisarmed prejudice by concessions, they \nwould be able to negotiate a tolerable \narrangement. \n\nThey \nhad \nnever been \nable to do so hitherto because the \nColonial Office, on \nthe instigation of the...",
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    {
        "id": 508038,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 6,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n\nTwo Colonies had always insisted on demands which there was no hope of the Chinese accepting, the protection of British subjects being a major point of contention. Heated exchanges ensued, with the British intent on teaching a second generation, i.e., persons born British subjects outside British soil, but the children of naturalized British subjects presented a complication. We pointed out the various nuances of the position: if British protection were to be extended, we could not - but, recognizing the natural-born subjects of the second generation, that the fort might be forced to give way on these shortly to avoid further conflict.\n\nThe discussion went on to discern horrible subsequent arrangements. I suggested that it might be possible to get a reciprocal arrangement on the lines of the Swiss-Belgian modus vivendi under which the crime of a passport holder in H.K. or on the Shails, then communicated officially to Peking, would be accepted rationally, with cencellation of Charter being a possibility. The F.O. came to the conclusion that the Chinese would have to agree to this.\n\nWe then supposed that perhaps we should do better to proceed on the basis of domicile rather than by distinguishing between sensations. We were ready to vary the definition of \"British subject\" who lived as Chinese in China until trouble came; he could secure protection for himself if a genuine visitor from British territory who intended...",
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        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508039,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 7,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "7 \n\nwere in the Colony. \n\nThe Governor seemed to think this would present difficulties, but said they had not fully tackled the question yet. \n\nThe all-important thing was to get the Colonies to be a bit flexible, not to sacrifice the substance for the shadow. \n\nThe plain fact was that, whatever we said or did, we could not now protect any Anglo-Chinese arrangement that might be made; any arrangement with China would be better than existing conditions. \n\nWe then arranged that we should telegraph confidentially to H. Kong and warn them that they might shortly have to surrender on the question. \n\nThis will give them an opening for observations. \n\nAs regards the subsequent arrangement, if any could be suggested that the Colonies made, it was likely to be helpful, if we consulted them by despatch setting out all the considerations and possibilities that had occurred to us, so that they were prepared in the interval for this surrender. \n\nIf they were more likely to be flexible, having in fact made some concession in order to vary the situation, that was a good course; if by any chance thinking escaped making it, the position will be as it is now. \n\n11.1.27 \n\nElliott has read it.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508040,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 8,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \nI attach a draft telegram which it is proposed to send to the Foreign Office. I concur in the alterations made in red ink, as stated in draft. The alteration depends on a legal technicality and does not affect the substance.\n\nG.G.  \n11-11-27  \n\nI wish you would like to see the above record of Sir F. Frendall's discussion at 7.0. I sent off the attached Telegram last night as it was urgent, and the object in sending was merely to inform them of what may happen and to give them a chance of expressing their views.\n\nP.T.O.  \n12.1.27  \n\nBoy 12.1.27",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508041,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 9,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n9 \n\n5° Gov. Hongkong lit. \n\n22 Jan. \n\nThis alegame has been circulated \nwith the file. Military situation \nbut I circulate \nThis file with \nattached copy \n4 \nspecial reference to \nthe passage about Anger \non \nChinese \n(marked \non the last page). The importance of \nthe point latter is already realised. \nWe have still to hear from \nSiam/ \n? Put \nBecken \n2574/27 \nWe shall have their \nparticularly \nwhen \nin mind \nwhen we hold \nthe preliminary discussion with F.O. \nas \nto the anime \nitem \nto the F.O. \nwithout any reply 1/2 \n? Cast Sentence \nto Siam/ \nl Stails. \n\nNB \nNot not for \nopen \naction \n\n6 \nFeb Khor Itk \n\n127 Jan \n23 Feb \n7 copy \nto \nNo \nFile for Peking No 323 (R) \n\n## page 3: \n\nThat Mr \n7 \n(original \non 30013 D) \ndated in view of 2) our \nI have told M. Mounsey \nEllis and I will discuss a \nconfer.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508042,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 10,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n3.0 at Fo at 3.0 \nI understand Kai will come tomorrow. \nFO Legal Adviser \n10 \ntake the risk \nKai cannot ask for an amendment of the Nationality Law as they have already diversified (in spite of various taboos. Sent with TV concurrence) \nIt cannot expect to negotiate any agreement to facilitate the investment without modification of the Law. \nIn their view, apparently, Kai Ki Lane stands some chance \nIn endeavour to work out a working arrangement which, though lacking legal validity, may be agreeable. \nWhile difficulties at present caused against the removal of the unlimited application of **jus sanguinis** \nI imagine that so long as China concludes an authoritative working arrangement, he shall not be perturbed by the sanctity of the Nationality Law, which in then respects will become a dead letter. \nAn arrangement or a modus vivendi would be on the lines of the Sino-British course. \nJur y vay wele but FO have Likhat taken Ri line that the Chinese wd. here entertain (see X on p 3 g Sir G. Grindle's min of 11 Jan). \nThen seems no harm however in \"frying it on\" (Perhaps \nPage 10\nPage 11",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508043,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 11,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \nSir J. J. Risky might see there ff. sin con he would like 1m present at the discussion.\n\n8 copy til 1: Peking No 176 (R) of 4 Mch \n\nVP.R. dour nos \n\nwith to be fennt the question is \n\nas \n\npolitical rather Mantel \n\nThis is the result of our recent conference. The draft was shown to us for concurrence before despatch, and it was arranged explaining 62 shs. also telegraph to HK the position rasking for. I keep in touch with Sir My. Lampson.\n\nI submit dft. tel. in which Fo concur, and which provides for repetition, with relevant portion of Fo tel., to Singapore.\n\nTo make it quite clear at our confer. the question to form that it was out of question for the Chinese to modify their nationality law, and that in consequence the proposals for facilitating the investment of Chinese nationality have been abandoned.\n\nIndeed, though our telmes. sent with their concurrence showed that we had less right to hope for an arrangement for investment, Fo even took the line that they had never conceived such an arrangement was possible on the lines of that with the Dutch.\n\nThe utmost that we could hope for was an angl. on a similar footing. The Dutch angl., which is briefly described in Fo tel and fully set out in `42238/22`, seems too complicated. I am afraid that we can hardly expect the Chinese to give its application without restricting even if Koo foresees angl. may vary considerably.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508044,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 12,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n11. To all intents and purposes, we are likely to be up against the old difficulties in our dealings with the new classes from which the masses are descended, namely the Anglo-Chinese in Malaya and the South China people.\n\nWe are thus likely to face objections when their turn comes, and it is the young people who matter. Since all the masses are descended from South China people, one aspect of these negotiations has not been considered, which is curious.\n\nThey have the greatest contempt for the Peking Government and consider it outrageous that foreign powers should negotiate with them. At the moment, negotiations with the South have been shelved, but they are having conversations with their rivals.\n\nTheir attitude towards forging an arrangement with the South is not more than a willingness to have conversations. In other words, any arrangement concluded is not with an incompetent and unrepresentative government. Before negotiating with Peking, the question is whether the Anglo-Chinese, when the South are really running the show, will repudiate such an arrangement on principle.\n\nIt appears possible that negotiations with Peking are not really furthering the cause, and that it is not more than a waste of time. In the long run, it may be detrimental to `HK/55`. As, however, British policy is at present amenable to having negotiations, it will be interesting to see how things work out.\n\n62",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508045,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 13,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## approved by LegCo/ Negotiations \n\nThe principle of In Cabinet commits us to double as and when possible. I am afraid that to shelve the Anglo-Chinese question until the talks are ready would at this stage be regarded as impracticable.\n\nPalluterhock 7/3 ABB Whether there is a good deal in Mr. Kutterhack's objection, and whether F.O. is to halt for the time being, we must at any rate consult the F.O. But they said it was not possible to do so. Mr. Pratt concedes the idea that the Nationality law is only known to a few people in China. On the other hand, many people in China - quite a number - will not be swayed; the treatment of Anglophilines within any port depends on the attitudes of the Excise authorities.\n\n28/5 Walbe D. Wtt; We must have the question of negotiating with North or South referred to the F.O. saving genuine British subjects of Chinese origin. H.K. & S.S. people who are really settled in ...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508046,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 14,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \ngone for enough to suggest a formula to get, \nbut both we know what this vague expression really means.\n\n(This telegram should be sent and prepare for F.O. concurrence).\n\nGist of our despatch giving the decisions with an invitation to the Govt to offer any help they can give in defining the classes whom it is most important to protect under any working arrangement.\n\nAnd we should look into the position of Chinese in the Indian states, who can be naturalized either as British subjects or as subjects of the Rulers.\n\nWe should repeat the despatch to H.M.G. but not wait for this.\n\n9. Tel. 40 G...\n\n10. Copy to ...\n\n8.9.27. Do not delay the telegram.\n\n8/3/27. \n9 March 27. \n\nSend the telegram at once.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508047,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 15,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# \nI am having a lot of delay in going through the drafts. Each time I have attempted to go through them, I have been interrupted by work on other files.\n\nIn this connection, I have noted that Chinese individuals in the M.S. can be naturalized as British subjects (cf. Fry's Enactment, 1904). The common subject of discussion is how to deal with aliens, whether naturalized or not. According to the Rules, they soon acquire the status of British protected persons and are entitled to the same degree of protection when in China as British subjects (see papers 45218/23, 46713/23, and 44043/25).\n\nOn this matter, I think the F.O. are very skeptical about their ability to help the past generation, and they will probably regard the case of a protected person as hopeless. Indeed, I believe it is fairly settled that a protected person cannot expect protection against the authorities of his origin if he puts himself in their clutches.\n\nOur policy is to concentrate on genuine British subjects, people like Sir Chow Shou-son, and it would be well to get the despatch about their case away without waiting for a decision on the case of the protected person, if the last named is going to cause delay.\n\nCons. Copy Peking tel 598 filed.\n\n## \nTo Jo. \n12 \n13 \n641 \nG.G \n7.4.2) \n9. \nArome \n192) \nalid \n4 Apl \nI \nfor record \n7",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508048,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 16,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "14 Copy Peking tel No 269 212 Aft \n\nFor 5.0. I have made necessary representations in the diff. dsp (immediately below No 12) on 29 Apl regarding applications.\n\n16 Law suggested a new form of wording for conson. to send off dsp. 15 to rHK and to the Saying ? how proposed and send aby Ikal arc decisions that Chinese born or entitled to be considered as British protected persons, naturalized in the MS are not unmindful of this.\n\nSome are of the opinion that British subjects of Chinese race (referring to those naturalized) should be treated on an equal footing with those born in the Colony, but what is required is a degree of protection and our best efforts to arrive at a satisfactory arrangement.\n\nIn negotiations, it is not improbable that the Chinese will make difficulties about our minimum requirements. We should be glad to receive suggestions as to how to love Là true hàn kê la l.\n\nThis minimum requirement of the MS could best be met by ... \n\nMOR 16/5 \nTalmüsbuck Mor 14/5 \n`AB 1645-`\n\nThe point of this is briefly that in fact we have got to recognize the Chinese,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508049,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 17,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "17 \n\nnationality law, under which it is \nall but \nimpossible to \ncare \nto be \na \nChinese \ncitizen. \nWe gladly sacrifice those Chinese \nwho act as \nChinese in \nChina \nonly \nBritish \nsubject. Their technical \nnationality when the police are after \nthem. \n\nIt is \nreally \n1361 \nto discover some \nway \nof protecting \nthose \nChinese who are \ntechnically British \nsubjects owing to their having settled in the Colonies & taken their British \nnationality seriously. \n\nOne of the difficulties is the intransigent \nattitude \nof the Colonial Office. This \ndespatch is intended to prepare \nthe \nCol. Office. \nfor \na \nsurrender which \nwill be very unwelcome to them \nand to get on with the practical \nproblem of securing \na modus vivendi. \n\n16.5.27 G.G. \nfor Amery for. \nBee of State. \n\nI think you had better act, although the proposed \ndespatch is only \na \nwarning",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508050,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 18,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "18 \nas to what the factors may \nface \nexpect. I recommend that it \nshould now go. \n\n8.H.6. \n705-17 \n\nI have flapped the draft memo \nto Far. Straits \n16 To Far. Straits \n14 To Sec. Admiralty \n} bouch \ncons \n\n26 MAY 1927 \n- 1 JUN 1927 \n18 To H.B.M.S., Conf (w/e 16414). \n19 To F.C. w/ 18- \n\n- 9 JUN 1927 \n\nin regions \n31.5.27 \nmuda contion Nationalist Govt. (copy sent to No 29 on 30008 B) \n20. \nFor \nJudicial system \nCirculated \nrated for record. \nSee \nespecially \nlast sentence. \n\nIt must be remembered \nseparately \n\n21/6 \nthat as regards the Anglo-Chinese problem it is \nLi Shouli who makes \nwhich the Nanking officials with whom \nI have seen endeavouring negotiating do not. \nBut all speculations \nLow till various \ncontending parties regroup \n62 See \nthemselves. \n\n? pui \n5 \n16/6 \nMizalom",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508051,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 19,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n21. Dup Endly to F.O. Letter `F5318/1410/10` of 14/7/27. \n4 in `30159/27`. \nSure that \nFo 18 July (asks for views on para 3 921) \n\nThe Chinese proposal was worded at least to involve a 6 month's exemption and to some extent is welcomed; indeed if they would make it a year it would leave much less to be desired. As it is, 6 months is one thing we do not want to get out of.\n\n2 \n8 March (No.8) from Peking, a dispatch which repeated our views. The odds are on the short side and we should keep formal denationalisation for as long as possible. Our telegram to S.S./HK instructed to keep in touch with 16 April (No.4) and 26 May (Nos. 1/4).\n\nI know all about this affair and will deal with it in their reply. Refly that in view of the requests made, Kweiyang have received substance of their proposals from Sir M. Lampson. So it proposes therefore, unless Sir A.C. regards it as urgent, to await the replies.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508052,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 20,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Page 20\nTo which he hopes to cover his proposals. To L on copy glis Corry. request the safe side Louers a being forwarded to Gors. will the Kat with telegraph Kui Brons if not already included In the replis & Nos Copy 22, 21+ & above 15 SS + (copis Im Blained from Frained) \n\nref 16 IFMS LUMS 18 Conf LFF 17 any admits in in para 2 I do not think that that can be urgency Ikat (as a wr h3c in Soult with since Sir M.L. have said ab along) discussing Brisandy Käte is litt wilk 11- North- and 11.- \n\n## Page 21\nast be in a fit stali to discurs for some lume. Palmussuck 19/7 1833, 2017 \n\n23 T 10 rang LvL J.J.R. G.G. 20.7.27 alouce 22 awed me up about Its`. Ikar Key 21 for Sistribution is hous. 1. for posed dapp. must wait replying Sending us 2017/27 I understand copis of In the meantime TA129",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508053,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 21,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n24 For Straits Fel (now receift stel of 8 Mch) Vay unfortunati. and In 22 July Hi cires. I fear that Our Sap of 26 May must have Seen a biłłe blow Kleen Refly as in dft. and recive. for conson of 30082/27 which nquins examination. with this pp., for sending off the despp. and also dincled ors heaf when When Fo enell arrive.\n\nPalllisbuck 24/7\n\n25. Tal to Gov. Straits 30th No. fo. 1927\n\n## NOTE \n218 when cd hom 7.0. 2014947 22 (Chinese proposals I 2 August 2.7 127 how get off LFF as directed on and recive for couson of 30082/27. The LFF shd. be for consôn I do not & not for cafe. only nicy. Iat we head include a Since a tel. will probabi Kink Copy J 26 which adds working except Fo concurrence in ohm malcial Tallussuck 3/4 procedure 319 alon 24 Jo for. Halong Conf (w/ c 21, 22+ 23) Al, 28 Strait's boy (. 29 HG., 7.M.S., Coch. (. -) Al j Alic -- 29, cons - 5 AUG 1927 Cours\n\n## Reconstructed Text\n24 For Straits Fel (now receipt stel of 8 Mch) Vay unfortunati. and In 22 July Hi cires. I fear that Our Sap of 26 May must have Seen a biłłe blow Kleen Refly as in dft. and recive for conson of 30082/27 which requires examination. with this pp., for sending off the despp. and also dincled ors heaf when When Fo enell arrive.\nPalllisbuck 24/7\n\n25. Tal to Gov. Straits 30th No. fo. 1927\n\nNOTE \n218 when cd hom 7.0. 2014947 \n22 (Chinese proposals I 2 August 2.7 \n127 how get off LFF as directed on and recive for couson of 30082/27. The LFF shd. be for consôn I do not & not for cafe. only nicy. \nIat we head include a Since a tel. will probabi Kink Copy J 26 which adds working except Fo concurrence in ohm malcial \nTallussuck 3/4 procedure 319 alon \n24 Jo for. Halong Conf (w/c 21, 22+ 23) Al, \n28 Strait's boy \n29 HG., 7.M.S., Coch. \n-) Al j Alic -- \n29, cons - 5 AUG 1927 Cours\n\n## Reconstructed in proper format\n\n24 For Straits Fel (now receipt stel of 8 Mch) Vay unfortunati. and In 22 July Hi cires. I fear that Our Sap of 26 May must have Seen a biłłe blow Kleen Refly as in dft. and recive for conson of 30082/27 which requires examination. with this pp., for sending off the despp. and also dincled ors heaf when When Fo enell arrive.\nPalllisbuck 24/7\n\n25. Tal to Gov. Straits 30th No. fo. 1927\n\n## NOTE\n218 when cd hom 7.0. 2014947\n\n22 (Chinese proposals I 2 August 2.7 \n127 how get off LFF as directed on and recive for couson of 30082/27. The LFF shd. be for consôn I do not & not for cafe. only nicy. Iat we head include a Since a tel. will probabi Kink Copy J 26 which adds working except Fo concurrence in ohm malcial Tallussuck 3/4 procedure 319 alon \n\n| Ref    | Description                  |\n|--------|------------------------------|\n| 24     | Jo for. Halong Conf (w/c 21, 22+ 23) Al |\n| 28     | Strait's boy                 |\n| 29     | HG., 7.M.S., Coch.           |\n| -)     | Al j Alic --                 |\n| 29,    | cons - 5 AUG 1927 Cours      |\n\nPalllisbuck 24/7  \nTallussuck 3/4",
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        "id": 508054,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 22,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 30\n\n**HV**\n\nCopy of Conf. deep 1 of 24/8/27 (HK. 22 replying to Conf. 2 of 30/12/26 (see 300))\n\nRef: `30082/2`, 9th Sept. of 22/7/27 (on 3002)\n\n30a Extract from Conf: memo enclosed with `30082/2(26/2744)`\n\n## 31\n\nRef: `2219/27`\n\nMay consider method by which Chinese renounce their nationality.\n\nIn reply that the Canton government contemplates divestment of Chinese nationality only under the conditions of the Chinese Nationality Law, which are practically impossible of fulfillment. The solution informally mooted at interdepartmental conference is in our view the negotiation of a reciprocal arrangement which will allow us to give protection to Chinese subjects. There appears to be no lurking danger in the matter as neither...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 23,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "23 in the North nor the truth is therea Gut & sufficient stability of to enable a punt fet discipus on this fant to be initialul- \n\nThe question may therefore le puettes considerin, et an mental inberdyfert vected Cofre the on to our hope te. H. Roddy & Permits of 26 may. Sam not sure whether to submit to Mr Brenan's statement (per t) that Chines mun lecime G... \n\nThere is conrunc nonut. le say any -Mingate H. Nong, wh dan a Ces proposed Mrs Brian's Walter St. Whi often forgets in I think we But Hiking is busy. the sh we had better late graphe to caste that for to let us obotues in dire crisine 28.5.17 ces have his by hab the",
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    {
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        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 24,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n32. Tel cons \n33 To 20 \nJp 83 To \n24 \n6 Gar. 29th Sep. 27. \nCons \n-3 OCT 1927 \n31 Ausd \n3+ Fo \n10/10,27 \n\n(Comcues in proposal I hold interdepartmental Conference) \n? wait for \n(1) reflis \n\nTtK 15- our dest of 26 May 14:31 \n35. \nFo. meat \n(2) FO memo promised \n\nRupa Tempranil Palmkäbuck 11/10 \n1883 alom 28/10/27 \n(Case of Low Peng Krak) Profton has Changed atleast twassine. this despatch was written) \nMor Although Low is straits born, it does not appear that a copy was sent to Singapore, though one was sent to Haiphong. \nIt is a bad specimen of Chinese justice, but not likely that we shall get any change out here. \nDespatch Conf. \nJ Is Swatow. \narhi 1.5.2 1th for this book, ef. 26 may (16-17) sunday essay to S. Selts \n187331110 \n\n## Reconstructed Text\n\n### \n32. Tel cons \n33 To 20 \nJp 83 To 24 \n6 Gar. 29th Sep. 27. \nCons \n-3 OCT 1927 \n31 Ausd \n3+ Fo \n10/10,27 \n\n(Comprises in proposal I hold interdepartmental Conference) \n? wait for \n(1) reflis \n\nTtK 15- our dest of 26 May 14:31 \n35. \nFo. meat \n(2) FO memo promised \n\nRupa Tempranil Palmkäbuck 11/10 \n1883 alom 28/10/27 \n(Case of Low Peng Krak) Profton has changed at least twice since this despatch was written) \nMor Although Low is Straits born, it does not appear that a copy was sent to Singapore, though one was sent to Haiphong. \nIt is a bad specimen of Chinese justice, but not likely that we shall get any change out here. Despatch Conf. \nJ Is Swatow. \narhi 1.5.2 1th for this book, ef. 26 may (16-17) Sunday essay to S. Selts \n187331110 \n\n### Reconstructed Version with Proper Formatting\n\n32. Tel cons  \n33 To 20  \nJp 83 To 24  \n6 Gar. 29th Sep. 27.  \nCons  \n-3 OCT 1927  \n31 Ausd  \n3+ Fo  \n10/10,27  \n\n(Comprises in proposal I hold interdepartmental Conference)  \n? wait for  \n(1) reflis  \n\nTtK 15- our dest of 26 May 14:31  \n35.  \nFo. meat  \n(2) FO memo promised  \n\nRupa Tempranil Palmkäbuck 11/10  \n1883 alom 28/10/27  \n(Case of Low Peng Krak) Profton has changed at least twice since this despatch was written.  \nMor Although Low is Straits born, it does not appear that a copy was sent to Singapore, though one was sent to Haiphong.  \n\nIt is a bad specimen of Chinese justice, but not likely that we shall get any change out here.  \nDespatch Conf.  \nJ Is Swatow.  \narhi 1.5.2 1th for this book, ef. 26 may (16-17) Sunday essay to S. Selts  \n187331110",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508057,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 25,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n36 10 fm Straits Conf. (wfe enell 143 in 35) - cuir \n34 90 Sr. H Hong bery \n38 \n\n**F.O.** \ncons \n\n9 NOV 1927 \n4/11/27 \n(no. 17/9/27 from Swatow Low Peng Kiah.) \n1/10/27 \nArrangement for among protection \n39. Govt HK. \n\nSeneb \n\n1 \n38? Copies to \nGovt HK \n137 \n55 \n36 \n34 Detailed comment at this stage is unnecessary as \nS.S. \nhave not \nyet replied. \nremind S.S., sho eft, e/16 \n(th. has had the such. from Swatow.) \n\n40 To F.O. Straits Conf. \n41 To F.O. Straits Conf (w/e 38). \n42. F.O. \n\n5. Came 23-11-27 \nATB 24 alon \nabom \n30 Nov 1927 \n(Care of Low Peng Kiah) \n? Chief avell to \n1 DEC 1927 \n25/11/27 \nA k \nLFF \nS.S. \n212-27 A2 zalon \nnej 27. \n37 \n7. Amended",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508058,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 26,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "43 Copies sent to 42 to forward. Straits \n\n44 \n\n\" \n\nHKons \n\nY coup \n\nA-7 DEC 1927 \n\n26 \n\n465 \n\n3013 Gw (S-5) Tel \n\n(Cesks \n\nme \n\n20/12/27 \n\nCesks asked at what point his observation ... \n\nafe Low Per \n\nto chamber \n\nLow Perry Kheat is \n\nBut. Subject) \n\nI am directed when obras \n\nApparently \n\nnot my affair \n\nprinciple is \n\nExpected from S.S. Aus \n\nLeast \n\nfor very \n\nThe Lord thought he could obtain \n\nobran \n\nprior to make & \n\nbe by this \n\n6 Sany \n\nwe shall \n\nwe are satisfied. \n\n46 B Gr Rel \n\n? Reply accordingly & tel. \n\n9 \n\nrioby \n\ncares to F.O.C/35, 6F \n\nUB2 \n\n5. Came 20-12-27 \n\nMr 21/12 \n\n21 Dec 27 \n\n47. To F.O. (w/e. 45-446) 29/XI/27. L.T. \n\nLF \n\nCby 39 60 F.O. Lt (Confidential \n\n7148 \n\nhit \n\nIn Thomas) \n\nhueish 48 to 1501 wye on 3 Jan 1928 of \n\n1/1-28 avance.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508059,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 27,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "27\n\nbouf\n\n49 90 for Shail's Conf (whole 39) - 2/1\n- 2 FC 1928\n\n50 To B/T w/c 39 23-2-28 pm `52410/25`",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508060,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 28,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## DRAFT. Tel.\nF.0\n\nCofery do F.0.(47) So this to F.O.LF rejiss (46) `XC 30014/27 HK`\n\nSingapore 28 Caded sout 4.460 fm 21/12 да Caft. You cel of 20th Dec \n\nCorrespondence abt LOW PENS for any observations you carest to mode KIAH was Leat \n\nI did not desire you observations an any specific fauts in Low Corespondance abur LOW PENS other Then that coverse by your \n\nht KIAI and no further rebly desh. of 4th November need to my be sent if you have no further tally coas att abrons toe desire to make.\n\nMr. Came 21/12 \nMr. Bechett \nMr. Strachey. \nSir J. Shuckburgh. \nSir C. Davis. \nSir G. Grindle. \na Jone \nSir J. Masterton Smith. \nMr. Ormsby-Gore. \nMr. Amery.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508061,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 29,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## RECEIVED 20DEC1927\n\n**Confidential**\n\nTELEGRAM from the Governor of the Straits Settlements to \nthe Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\n(Dated 20th December Received Colonial Office 12.20.p.m. 20th December, 1927.)\n\n**Confidential**\n\nYour despatch of 9th November **Confidential**. Please inform me upon what points my observations are required. There is no doubt that Lo Peng Kiah is a British subject.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    {
        "id": 508062,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 30,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "In any further communication on this subject, please quote \n`No. 7 8733/6765/10` \nand address--not to any person by name, but to \n\"The Under-Secretary of State,” Foreign Office, London, S. W. 1.\n\nX\n\n**THE Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs** presents his \ncompliments to \nthe \nUnder \nSecretary of State \nColonies and, by direction of the Secretary of State, \ntransmits herewith copy of the under-mentioned paper. \nForeign Office, \nNovember 25, 1927.\n\nReference to previous correspondence : \n| Foreign Office Letter no: | Description of Enclosure | Name and Date | Subject |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| `7 8324/6765/10` |  | Hm. Minister, Peking | Extortion from British subject, Peng Kiah, by Chinese authorities. |\n\nSimilar letter sent to ...\n\n7 DEC 1927\n\nPage 30\nPage 31",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    {
        "id": 508063,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 31,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "No. \n1095(`17882/27`)\n7.\n\nHis Majesty's Minister, Peking, presents his compliments to \nHis Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and transmits \nherewith three copies of the undermentioned paper.\n\nPeking, \n5th October, 1927.\n\n192..........\n\n| Reference to previous despatch: | Description of Inclosure. |\n| --- | --- |\n| Swatow despatch to Peking No.42 of 16th September, 1927. (Copy to direct). | H.M. Minister to Swatow Low Peng Kiah. No. 23 of 5th Oct. 1927. Instructions to renew protests. |\n\n31",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508064,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 32,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## No. 23 (`17880/27`)\n\nCopy to \nF.O.\n\nSir,\n\n32 \n**BRITISH LEGATION PEKING** \n5th October 1927.\n\nI have received your despatch number 42 of September 16th, relative to the case of extortion by Chinese officials from Low Peng Kiah, and request that you will renew your protest to the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs as suggested in the final paragraph of your despatch.\n\nI am,\nSir,\nYour most obedient, humble servant,\n**(Signed)** MILES LAMPSON.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 33,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 2014/27 Hikmy\n\n40 \n33 \nC. J. \nR 25 NOV \nD \n3 \n\nNous \nCory \n30 N.. \n47 \nMr. 10-16 \nMr. \n25/1, \n217. But 25! \nMr. \nMr. Bottomley. \nMr. E. J. Harding. \nSir J. Shuckburgh. \nSir G. Grindle. \nSir C. Davis. \nSir S. Wilson, \nMr. Ormsby-Gore. \nLord Lovat. \nMr. Amery.\n\n(16) \n**DRAFT** \nLF action \nG \nI have to li repe \nMix Comp desk. 1 \n\nmay \nint m \nline \nfuture vergli. for w \nsoluction \nof \nbus \nChinese \n\nhave \nthin \nin China +5 \nWhether I may \nIm Whether \n\nreceive a",
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        "id": 508066,
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 34,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## reply of on cordy doli. \n\n34\n\n**(for the Secretary of State)**\n\n**(Signed)** W. ORMSBY GORE",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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        "page_number": 35,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "**SECRET**\n\nConies to:\n\nCanton No.353\nPeking No. 8.\nWei-hai-wei.\nSingapore.\n\nSir,\n\nGOVERNMENT HOUSE,\nHONGKONG.\n1st October, 1927.\n\nAs requested in your confidential telegram of the 29th September, I have the honour to reply by despatch to your confidential despatch of the 26th September on the subject of negotiating an arrangement for the protection of British subjects of Chinese race when in China.\n\n2. The matter, which is of very great importance to Hong Kong, has received prolonged and anxious consideration from myself and my principal advisers, and I enclose a copy of a memorandum on the status of British subjects of Chinese race, dated the 23rd September, and prepared jointly by Sir Shouson Chow and Dr. R. H. Kotewall, C.M.G., the two Chinese members of the Hong Kong Legislative Council. I also refer you to pages 6 and 7 of the confidential memorandum approved in Executive Council on the 7th July and concurred in by the Legislative Council on the 19th July and by the Committee of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce and the Hong Kong Branch of the China Committee on the 21st July, copies of ...\n\nTHE RIGHT HONOURABLE\nLIEUTENANT COLONEL L.C.M.S. AMERY, M.P.,\n&c.,\n&c.,\n&c.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508068,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 36,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 2\n\n36\n\nwhich formed the first enclosure in my secret despatch `30159/27` of the 22nd July. I attach this extract for convenience.\n\nEnclo. No. of reference.\n\n### 3.\n\nThe first observation I venture to make is that this matter is of such pressing importance that a decision cannot be postponed until the time comes (if ever it does) when there shall emerge out of the present chaos a central government of a reunified China, capable of entering into new treaties with His Majesty's Government. It is necessary from day to day to decide what British subjects of Chinese race shall, or shall not, be protected in China: and these decisions are more urgent and important in their effect during a period of turmoil and civil war, such as now exists, than would be the case if there were law and order and a recognized central government in China. I conclude, therefore, that unilateral action by His Majesty's Government is essential. We must ourselves decide what British subjects of Chinese race we will protect, announce that decision to the various regional authorities in China, and thereafter give such persons the same protection as we would give to (say) Englishmen in China.\n\n### 4.\n\nIn the next place I consider it very important that machinery should be set up in Hong Kong and elsewhere which will enable a Chinese man or woman publicly to divest himself or herself of Chinese nationality. Persons of Chinese race desiring to do so should be able publicly and definitely to renounce Chinese nationality and to declare their allegiance to the British Crown. This should be made an essential preliminary to British naturalization of persons of Chinese race, and should also be required in all...",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508069,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 37,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "- 3 -\n\n37\n\nI\n\nin all cases before protection is given in China to persons of Chinese race who are British subjects only by reason of the fact that they themselves or their parents were born in British territory.\n\nagree with Sir Shouson Chow and Dr. Kotewall in thinking that, if this preliminary is insisted upon, very few Chinese in Hong Kong in proportion to its population would be likely to apply for registration as British subjects, in order to obtain British protection in China.\n\n5.\n\nFinally, I consider that this process of divestment should be declared to be unnecessary in the case of persons of Chinese race authenticated as born in British territory of parents and grandparents similarly born.\n\n6. The position would then be that, subject of course to registration in the appropriate British consulates in China, we should protect in China the following British subjects of Chinese race, viz:-\n| Category | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) | those authenticated as born in British territory of parents and grandparents similarly born: |\n| (b) | those authenticated as born in British territory of parents similarly born, provided they publicly and definitely renounce Chinese nationality and declare their allegiance to the British Crown: |\n| (c) | those authenticated as themselves born in British territory, but whose parents were not British subjects, provided they publicly and definitely renounce Chinese nationality and declare their allegiance to the British Crown: |\n| (d) | those naturalized as British subjects, provided they publicly and definitely renounce Chinese nationality and declare their allegiance to the British Crown: |",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508070,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 38,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "- 4 -\n\n38\n\nChinese nationality:\n\n7. I am sending a copy of this despatch to the Governor of the Straits Settlements, to the Commissioner of Wei-hai-wei and to His Majesty's Minister at Peking, and Canton.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour most obedient, humble servant,\nGovernor, &c.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508071,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 39,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# ENCLOSURE NO. 1\n\n## MEMORANDUM ON THE STATUS OF BRITISH SUBJECTS OF CHINESE RACE\n\n39\n\nThe position, as we understand it, is this. Under the Chinese nationality law, any person of Chinese descent, wherever born, remains Chinese unless formal steps have been taken for the acquisition of foreign nationality. On the other hand, in the eyes of the British law, any person born within His Majesty's Dominions and allegiance is deemed to be a natural-born British subject. Protracted correspondence on the subject has been exchanged by the Hong Kong Government with His Majesty's Minister in Peking, His Majesty's Consul-General in Canton, the Government of the Straits Settlements, and the Secretary of State for the Colonies. The last named in his **Confidential** despatch of the 26th May, 1927, to His Excellency the Governor of Hong Kong, expresses the view that \"the only hope of securing the objects in view lies in negotiating a working arrangement with the Chinese authorities under which, while all British subjects of Chinese race would continue to possess double nationality as heretofore, the Chinese authorities would abstain from claiming as Chinese citizens certain classes of British subjects of Chinese race when in China, and would admit our right to treat them as British\". For such a working arrangement, the modus vivendi arranged with the Chinese by the Netherlands Government is considered by the Secretary of State as affording a useful precedent. Mr. Amery further states in the despatch quoted above that \"the view taken in the Foreign Office is that it is no longer possible to insist on the protection in China of Anglo-Chinese",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508072,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 40,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n- 2 -\n\nAnglo-Chinese of the first generation, that is, persons of Chinese origin born in the Colony of parents settled there.\n\n2. Before proceeding with the consideration of the matter, it seems necessary, in order that a clear conception may be obtained of the British law of nationality and the meaning of national character, to quote the salient provisions of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914, as well as certain passages from Wheaton's \"International Law\" and Westlake's \"Private International Law\". The British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 provides, inter alia, as follows:-\n\n1 (1) The following persons shall be deemed to be natural-born British subjects, namely:-\n \n| Clause | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) | Any person born within His Majesty's dominions and allegiance; and |\n| (b) | Any person born out of His Majesty's dominions, whose father was a British subject at the time of that person's birth and either was born within His Majesty's allegiance or was a person to whom a certificate of naturalization had been granted; and |\n| (c) | Any person born on board a British ship whether in foreign territorial waters or not. |\n\nAccording to Dicey's \"Conflict of Laws\" (page 166) the enactment contained in Section 1(1)(a) constitutes the leading principle of English law on the subject of British nationality.\n\n4. The word \"allegiance\" used in the above section is explained in Wheaton's \"International Law\" (page 242) thus: \"Allegiance is a term synonymous with national character. By it is understood the obligations of fidelity and obedience which an individual owes to the State whose national character he bears.\"\n\n5. The same authority explains \"national character\" in the\n\nPage 40\nPage 41",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508073,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 41,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# 41\n\n\n\n3 \n\nIn the following terms:- \n\n\"The political status of the individual is called his national character, his civil status is referred to by the term domicile.\" (page 241). \n\n\"National character depends upon the will of the State. To divest himself of the national character he acquired at the time of his birth, an individual must in many cases obtain the consent of his own Government, and to acquire a new national character the consent of the country of his adoption is always necessary.\" (page 246). \n\n\"National character confers benefits, and imposes duties on the individual. It entitles him to the protection of his country wherever he may be, but it requires him to fulfil the duties of supporting the State, or defending it against its enemies. The extent to which States will protect their subjects, or claim their allegiance when abroad depends entirely upon the discretion and municipal laws of each. A Government can always refuse to protect one of its subjects, if it considers that his conduct has shown an intention of renouncing all ties and fulfilling no duties towards his country. It may, also, in case he comes within jurisdiction, force him to fulfil any obligations incurred before he quitted it. If he has acquired another national character, without his native State renouncing its authority over him, the claims of each State to him can only be determined by treaty, if any exist, or by diplomatic action between the Governments concerned.\" (page 246). \n\n6. Unfortunately, the rules governing political nationality vary in different countries. To quote Westlake in his \"Private International Law\" (page 376): \n\n\"These rules are far from being the same in all countries. They result almost everywhere from a conflict between the feudal principle of allegiance determined by birth on the soil, and the Roman principle of citizenship determined by descent: but the respective proportions in which these principles are combined, and the methods used for combining them, differ widely.\" \n\n7. Westlake, on page 385 of the same work, goes on to say: \n\n\"Nationality is always in principle single, and where a person is claimed by two States, either from a conflict between the jus soli and the jus sanguinis or for any other reason, we are in presence of jarring claims to his entire allegiance. So far as in either State its claim has to be dealt with by its courts of law, it will be enforced in accordance with the law of that State on its national character. But so far as the claim has to be...",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508074,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 42,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 4 \n\n42 \n\nhas to be dealt with by the executive, as in the question whether protection shall be extended to a legal subject abroad the executive is free to act with due consideration of the circumstances. Thus there is a pretty general acceptance of the rule that no State shall protect its nationals residing in territory of another State which claims them as its own nationals, whether by jus soli, jus sanguinis, naturalisation, or any other title.\n\n8. \n\nAll the above excerpts give the general principles of the British law and International Law on the subject of nationality, and the problems arising out of them. Coming to the specific question of the status of British subject of Chinese race, the matter presents acute, practical difficulties. Based on the Roman principle of descent, the Chinese law of nationality, if acted upon, must result in conflict with the British law which is based on the feudal principle of allegiance. The difficulties arise from the fact that there are some British subjects of Chinese race who are British subjects in name only, and not in loyalty, sympathy or sentiment to the country in which they reside. While in China they exercise all the rights and privileges of Chinese citizens without any regard to their duties as British subjects; but when they come into conflict with the constituted Chinese authorities, they immediately seek the privileges of British citizenship, and claim British protection.\n\nThe attitude of the Chinese authorities that they have the right to exercise jurisdiction over such persons as subjects of China is therefore not unreasonable, and deserves the support and sympathy of the British Government. To us, the solution seems to lie in finding a way to prevent anyone from assuming at his pleasure or convenience a dual nationality; and to compel him to announce unequivocally, once and for all, the nationality he desires to assume.\n\n10.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508075,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 43,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# 43 \n- 5 - \n\n10. The divestment of British nationality is provided for in the following sections of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act, 1914:- \n\n## 14.-(1) \nAny person who by reason of his having been born within His Majesty's dominions and allegiance or on board a British ship is a natural-born British subject, but who at his birth or during his minority became under the law of any foreign state a subject also of that state, and is still such a subject, may, if of full age and not under disability, make a declaration of alienage, and on making the declaration shall cease to be a British subject.\n\n11. \n## (2) \nAny person who though out of His Majesty's dominions is a natural-born British subject may, if of full age and not under disability, make a declaration of alienage, and on making the declaration shall cease to be a British subject.\n\nAs long as a British subject of Chinese origin resides in a British possession, no question regarding his nationality is likely to arise in practice, with the possible exception of extradition, which is, however, regulated by treaties and statutes. In the case, however, of British subjects of Chinese race who reside in China, or who carry on business therein, or who make frequent and prolonged visits thereto, a practical solution of the problem becomes necessary.\n\n12. We suggest that there should be kept by a duly appointed authority in every British possession in which British subjects of Chinese race reside, and by British Consular officers in China, a register in which should be entered the names of those who apply to be so registered, and who can prove to the satisfaction of the registering authority (with a right of appeal, say, to the Governor or to His Majesty's Minister, as the case may be) that they are British subjects. The applicant should furnish copies of his photograph. By agreement between Great Britain and China, copies of such registration, with photographs,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508076,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 44,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n44 \n\n6 - \n\nphotographs, could be sent to the proper Chinese authorities. The rights of British citizenship in China should be deemed to accrue only as from the date of registration, but as from such date the registered person should be regarded by both Nations as a British subject with all the rights and privileges, and subject to all the disabilities conferred and imposed by treaties and conventions between the two Nations on a British subject in China; and, further, without prejudice to the rights of the executive in dealing with any matter which has to be dealt with by the executive, to act \"with due consideration of the circumstances\".\n\n**Memorandum**. See para. 7 of this.\n\n13. To give an example of a disability imposed upon a registered British subject of Chinese race under this arrangement, if the existing conventions prohibit a British subject from owning land in China other than in the Treaty ports, a registered British subject of Chinese race will be subject to the same prohibition.\n\n14. It is the opinion of those whom we have consulted on the subject, that if arrangements similar in principle to those we have advocated were adopted, so that no Chinese in China would receive protection from Great Britain as a British subject unless he had publicly and definitely declared his allegiance to the British Crown, very few Chinese in Hong Kong, in proportion to its Chinese population, would be likely to apply for such registration. In that way, the Chinese authorities would in effect attain their object, namely, the right to exercise jurisdiction in China over a large number of Chinese born in British possessions, as Chinese subjects jus sanguinis. On the other hand, such British subjects who,",
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        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508077,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 45,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "45 \n\nwho, ex hypothesi, were unwilling to forego their dual nationality, would continue to be liable for all the duties of British citizenship unless and until they divested themselves of their British nationality in accordance with the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914. Such being the case, registration is unnecessary for the purpose of being accepted by Great Britain as a British subject in a British possession.\n\n15. We cannot see any reason for making any distinction between British subjects of Chinese race of the first and those of subsequent generations. Such a distinction appears to us wrong in principle, and might be grossly unfair in practice. The only logical theory for justifying such a distinction must be that a British subject of a later generation is more loyal to the British Crown than his forebears -- a theory which is not supported by actual experience. In our opinion, the only criterion must be, and should be, the answer to this question: \"Is he, for all times and purposes, and not merely as a temporary expedient, a subject of the British Crown?\" If the answer is in the affirmative, and if he has registered himself as a British subject in accordance with the arrangements suggested, then every protection should be afforded to him by the British government in China.\n\n16. We have refrained from discussing details which seem to us to be out of place in a memorandum written with the object of bringing out the leading principles of this important question. The arrangements we have suggested are designed for the purpose, on the one hand, of satisfying the grievance of the Chinese Government against a certain class of Anglo-Chinese alluded to above; and, on the other hand, of placing upon a fair and satisfactory basis",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508078,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 46,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "46\n\nOn the basis of the position of the loyal British subjects of \nChinese race, regarding whom no words of praise are necessary from us in support of their claim to receive every consideration and all protection from the British Government. Their steadfast loyalty during the Great War and during the various crises through which this Colony has passed, is fully known to the Government of Hong Kong and the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\n(Sd.) SHOUSON CHOW \n23rd September, 1927.\n\n(Sd.) R.H. KOTEWALL.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508079,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 47,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "ENCLOSURE NO. 2\n\nExtract from the first enclosure in the secret despatch of the 22nd July, 1927.\n\n47\n\n2. \"His Majesty's Government are prepared to recognize the validity of a reasonable Chinese nationality law.\"\n\nIt cannot unfortunately be denied that the adherence of the Foreign Powers to the \"jus soli\" in the matter of nationality has at times been exploited in no creditable fashion by persons of Chinese race who have sought foreign registration simply with the object of securing the foreigner's privileges or immunities while engaged in transactions of an entirely Chinese character. It must also be admitted that for the great bulk of \"overseas Chinese\" China remains their spiritual home. It will take many decades, if not centuries, for modern scepticism to kill the Chinese belief in the living continuity of the family of which \"ancestor worship\" is the outward manifestation. The very term employed to describe \"overseas Chinese\" indicates that they regard themselves as \"sojourners\" in a strange land whence they hope some day to return to their home-country. But there is a distinct class among these \"sojourners\" which has formed a positive attachment to its country of adoption and desires to claim British nationality not as a convenient addition to, but in substitution for, Chinese. We consider it essential that any agreement with China regarding the nationality of persons of Chinese race shall provide for the full recognition as British subjects of any Chinese who has been granted",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
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    {
        "id": 508080,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 48,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "- 2 -\n\n48\n\ngranted British naturalisation papers, local or imperial, or whose British birth is authenticated by the appropriate British authorities, provided he takes steps (for which machinery must be instituted) definitely to divest himself of his Chinese nationality. We consider further that the process of divestment should be declared unnecessary in the case of any Chinese authenticated as born in British territory of parents and grandparents similarly born.\n\nX",
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    {
        "id": 508081,
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 49,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## bop In Straits bouf-%%- \n\n1 DEC 1927\n\nIn any further communication on this subject, please quote \nNo. `8324/6765/10`.\n\nand address—not to any person by name, but to— \n\"The Under-Secretary of State,\" Foreign Office, London, S.W. 1\n\n4  \n49  \n30014  \n38  \nLow  \n* November $1927.\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs presents his \ncompliments to the Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies and, by direction of the Secretary of State, \ntransmits herewith copy of the under-mentioned paper.\n\nForeign Office,  \nRECEIVED  \n5 NOV 1927\n\nReference to previous correspondence:  \nForeign Office Letter no `$780444 6765/10`  \nN035  \n\n| Name and Date | Subject | Description of Enclosure |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Hom. Consul Swalow. October 28th. | Extortion from Low Peng Kish by Chinese Officials | 14 (14964) 8/26 (2) (16184) 5/27 |\n| September 17. | Similar letter sent to | 20. |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508082,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 50,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "(F8324/6765/10)\n\nNo. 20.\n\nSir,\n\n## BRITISH CONSULATE, SWATOW, September 17th, 1927.\n\nIn continuation of my despatch No. 17 of the 23rd ultimo, I have the honour to transmit herewith copy of a further despatch on the case of official extortion from Low Feng Kiah, a British subject, which I have this day addressed to His Majesty's Minister at Peking.\n\nI have etc.,\n(Sd) Cecil Kirke.\nConsul.\n\nHis Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,\nForeign Office,\nLONDON, S.W.1.\n\nPage 50\nPage 51",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508083,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 51,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "No. 42\n& 1 Copy. Copies to F.O., \nNanking, \nCanton, \nHongkong.\n\nSir,\n\n**BRITISH CONSULATE,  \nSWATOW.**  \n51  \nSeptember 16, 1927.\n\nIn continuation of my despatch No. 35 of the 23rd ultimo relative to the case of extortion by Chinese officials from Low Peng Kiah, a British subject, I have the honour to forward herewith translation of a further letter which I have received from the local Commissioner for Foreign Affairs on the subject.\n\n2. As was to be expected, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking has based its instructions on false reports received from the Swatow officials, who declared that Low Feng Kiah had described himself as a native of Chao-an and had stated that he was prepared to submit to a fine. (See paragraphs 7 and 8 of my despatch No. 27 of June 29 last). The action of the Opium Suppression Bureau in arresting him and extorting money from him is therefore upheld.\n\n3. It appears that all I can do is to reply to the Commissioner reiterating in brief the facts of the case and renewing my protest and my demand for the return of the money extorted from Low Peng Kiah. But before taking any action, I shall await your instructions in the matter.\n\nI have etc.,  \n(sa) Cecil Kirke.  \nConsul.\n\nSir Miles Lampson, K.C.M.G., C.B., M.V.O.,  \nHis Majesty's Minister,  \nPEKING.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508084,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 52,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure in Swatow No. 42 of September 17, 1927\n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**  \nto  \n**H.M. Consul, Swatow**  \n\n**Translation**  \n\nPage 5  \n\nSwatow, September 14, 1927.  \n\nSir,  \n\nI have the honour to refer you to the case on record in this office of the infliction of a fine on Low Feng Kiah by the Chao-Mei Opium Suppression Bureau.  \n\nIt appears that my predecessor received from you numerous communications in which you maintained that Low Peng Kiah was a British merchant and protested against the action taken against him.  \n\nMy predecessor referred the case to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for instructions, and I have now received the following instructions from the Ministry:  \n\n\"Low Peng Kiah signed an admission in his evidence that he was a Chao-an man, and, as a Chinese offender against Chinese regulations, he must of course be dealt with by Chinese law\".  \n\nOn receipt of these instructions, I communicated with the Chao-Mei Opium Suppression Bureau, who have now sent me copies of the record of examination of Low Peng Kiah and of his statement.  \n\nThe record of examination shows that Low Peng Kiah signed an admission that he was a native of Ampou in the Chao-an district, and in his statement he confesses that he committed an offence and that he was willing to submit to a fine.  \n\nIt is obvious, therefore, that Low Peng Kiah is wholly Chinese. There can be no doubt on this point.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508085,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 53,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "53\n\nLow Peng Kiah being a Chinese citizen, having offended against Chinese laws and having expressed his willingness to pay the penalty fixed by those laws, the action of the Chao-Mei Opium Suppression Bureau in punishing him is not contrary to law.\n\nFurther, I would point out that the Chinese law of nationality is founded on the **jus sanguinis**, and though a person may be born abroad he cannot be recognized as a foreigner until his renunciation of his Chinese nationality has been duly approved. Though Low Peng Kiah's father traded as a merchant at Singapore and Low Peng Kiah was himself born abroad he has not applied to the Chinese Government for permission to renounce his Chinese nationality, and therefore in view of the provisions of the Chinese law of nationality, he cannot be recognized as a foreigner and so escape at will the penalty of his offence.\n\nI have no doubt that you will understand these points and give them due consideration.\n\nI have etc.\n\n**(Card of Commissioner for Foreign Affairs)**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508086,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 54,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## DRAFT\n\nMr. Buli 3. 1/ \nMr. Burett \nMr. \nAr. E. J. Harding. \nSir C. Strachey. \nSir J. Shuckburgh. \nSir G. Grindle. \nSir C. Davis. \nO.D. \nSir S. Wilson. \nMr. Ormsby-Gore. \nLord Lovat, \nMr. Amery.\n\n| 1) Moois | 15 | 30014 | It Kiong | ? | 54 | 36- |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| (2) HIT my | sy | Confe | 9 Hm 1927 | Wut | refce to no Ameris | Compl. desp |\n\n1 | the \n... \n1 lillay \nrepay the protection \n7 \nBank squis \n7 \nChinese \n\n{well 103 \n... \nin Mo 35. \n(1) \n(2) \n\npace when in China \nI have \n... \ntrammit to you copies of \nrefer to the pheops from \nIm. Consul as I would \nto 1m Nll mistis oc- \nPerang dalin \ndalia the \n29 \n23 \n7 June \n7 \nAnquili \n\nTo (2) vady [comes] y which have",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508087,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 55,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \nbeen forwarded to you from Iwaków Įjolas \n\n55 \n\nthe subqui \n\nๆ \n\na case of \n\nextortion from \n\nBall suppl 2 \n\nChina's descant- \n\nnomen \n\nLow \n\nPENG KIAH by \n\nGove: Dept. \n\n+ to request that you \n\nvice \n\nfor me \n\nYour \n\nComts obsons to you \n\nthose to \n\nthis \n\nmatter. \n\n**(for the Secretary of State)** \n\n**(Signed) W. ORMSBY GORE**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508088,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 56,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "In any further communication on this subject, please quote `No. 1 18046765/10` and address—not to any person by name, but to—\"The Under-Secretary of State,\" Foreign Office, London, S. W. 1.\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs presents his compliments to the Colonial's Under Secretary of State and, by direction of the Secretary of State, transmits herewith copy of the under-mentioned paper.\n\nForeign Office, October 28, 1927.\n\nRECEIVED  \n29 OCT 1927\n\n| Reference to previous correspondence | Description of Enclosure | Name and Date | Subject |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 56 to for Straits Settlements |  | Hm. Consul, Swatow. June 29. No: 8462. | Extortion by Chinese |\n| 143 |  | Peking. August 3. |  |\n| 14 (14964) 8/26 (2) |  | Hm. Consul Swatow. August 23. | Low Peng Kiah, British subject. |\n| Similar letter sent to (16184) 5/27 |  |  |  |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508089,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 57,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# No. 14.\n(F6765/6765/10)\n\nSir,\n\n**British Consulate, Swatow.**\n29th June, 1927.\n\n57\n\nI have the honour to forward herewith copy of a despatch and its enclosures which I have this day addressed to His Majesty's Minister at Peking on the subject of a case of extortion from a British subject of Chinese descent by a Government Department.\n\nI have etc.,\nCECIL KIRKE.\n(Signed)\nConsul.\n\nHis Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,\nForeign Office,\nLondon, S.W.1.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508090,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 58,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# No. 27.\n\nand 1 copy.\n\nCopies to F.O., Nanking, Canton, Hongkong.\n\nSir,\n\n**British Consulate, Swatow.**\n\n29th June, 1927.\n\n58\n\nIn accordance with the instructions contained in the last paragraph of Legation Circular No. 36 of March 24th, 1925 (`2646/25`), I have the honour to enclose herewith copies of correspondence between the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs at Swatow and myself regarding the nationality of Low Peng Kiah, a British subject.\n\n2. This person was referred to in paragraph 5 of my despatch No. 68 of August 23rd last on the subject of various disputes which had arisen at this port regarding the nationality of Anglo-Chinese.\n\n3. At that time the local Bund Reclamation Bureau had called in question Low Peng Kiah's title to certain foreshore, for which he held perfectly valid \"red\" title deeds of perpetual lease, in which he was described as a \"British merchant\", and had accused him of falsely assuming British nationality for his own advantage. The Bureau proceeded to fill in his foreshore, and in January last they issued a notification announcing the proposed sale by public auction of a portion of the newly-reclaimed land, including the whole of Low Peng Kiah's property. I immediately protested, but\n\nSir Miles Lampson, K.C.M.G., C.B., M.V.O., etc., etc., etc.,\n\nHis Majesty's Minister, PEKING.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508091,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 59,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "59 \n\nwithout success, and one section of Low's land was actually sold. I then requested His Majesty's Consul General at Canton to secure the cancellation of the sale, the recognition of Low's title to the foreshore and the settlement of the case by the payment by Low of a reasonable sum to cover the cost of filling in. \nMr. Brenan's representations resulted in the \"postponement\" of further auction sales of Low's property, though the sale of the section already sold has not been cancelled and he is unable to make use of any portion of his property.\n\n4. Last October, on the instructions of the Mayor, a road 80 feet wide was driven through another piece of Low Peng Kiah's property in the city, without consulting him, the road being formed from earth dug up on either side of it, thus forming deep trenches, which of course materially reduced the value of the land. Not content with that, the Mayor demanded that Low should pay for the labour of constructing the road, on pain of confiscation of a strip of land 100 feet wide on either side of the road, to be sold by the Mayor to others. In this case, again, the Mayor maintained that Low was a Chinese citizen, but my representations led at last to the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs stating in May last that \"as foreigners had not complied with the regulation concerning payment of the cost of constructing roads, Low Peng Kiah would not be required to comply for the time being\".\n\n5. These cases are still in suspense and are merely referred to in order to show once more the attitude of the local officials towards British subjects of Chinese descent. My object in writing this report is to bring to your notice a flagrant case of extortion from Low Peng Kiah by a Government Department.\n\n6. On the afternoon of the 10th instant, Low Peng Kiah's...",
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    {
        "id": 508092,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 60,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Low informed \n\n60 \n\nKiah's house was suddenly invaded by several employees of the Opium Suppression Bureau (well-known to be the office of a monopolistic organisation for trading in opium), who stated that they were searching for illicit opium. He informed them that he was a British subject and that if they wished to take any action against him they should proceed in the usual way through the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs and the British Consul, but for reply he only received abuse, being accused of acting as a \"running dog\" of the British Imperialists. \n\nLow is an opium smoker, though not a heavy one. \n\nThe Bureau's employees seized a small box of opium and a set of smoking utensils which they found on the desk at which he was writing and took them away, dragging him off with them to a Police Station and ultimately transferring him to the Opium Suppression Bureau. \n\nHe was twice examined and his replies to the queries addressed to him were noted down. He was asked what was his native place and he replied that he was born at Singapore and was a British subject. But again he was roundly abused and he saw his questioner write down that he was a native of Chao An. He pointed out the error and requested that it might be corrected, but that this was not done is shown by the terms of the report by the Opium Suppression Bureau to the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs (see paragraph 11 below). \n\n8. At first his captors proposed to fine him $150, but a more enterprising member of the gang, who happened to come into the office, ridiculed this proposal as waste of an excellent opportunity, and after some discussion among the crowd now surrounding the unfortunate victim, a fine of $5,000 was demanded. This Low definitely refused to pay, and after further threats and cajoling, it was reduced to $1,000. As Low still declined to pay, he was thrust into a dark, filthy ...\n\nPage 60\nPage 61",
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    {
        "id": 508093,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 61,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "61\n\nfilthy and evil-smelling room, infested by mosquitoes and other insects, and he found his position so intolerable that at last he consented to give a draft payable at three days' sight for $1,000 and signed a statement that he had been fined for the illicit use of opium.\n\n9.\n\nIt was 4.0 a.m. on the 11th instant before he was released, having been in the hands of the Bureau for twelve or fourteen hours.\n\n10.\n\nI immediately wrote to the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs (Enclo. No.2) protesting against this outrage and requesting that the draft be cancelled and that he would deal with the case with all possible severity. I need hardly say that nothing was done. On the 13th instant the Opium Suppression Bureau sent one of their employees, accompanied by armed men, to the bank on which the draft had been drawn, and the draft was cashed. I again protested and expressed in very strong terms my views of the case (Enclo. No. 4).\n\n11.\n\nThe Opium Suppression Bureau and the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, who are of course fully aware that the action taken against Low Peng Kiah cannot in any conceivable circumstances be justified, now maintain that Low is a Chinese citizen and that the case is no concern of mine. They base this argument on the alleged admission by Low that he was a native of Chao An. The facts that he repeatedly asserted that he was born at Singapore, that he has for many years been recognized by the local authorities as a British subject, and that he did not sign the so-called \"evidence\" are ignored, and the deliberate falsification of his statement by a band of unscrupulous ruffians is considered sufficient grounds for establishing Low Peng Kiah's Chinese nationality.\n\n12.\n\nIn support of Low's claim to be a British subject, I have",
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    {
        "id": 508094,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 62,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "62 \n\nI have the honour to furnish the following list of documents in my possession: \n\n(a) The Certificate of Naturalization, No. 39, of his grandfather, Low Ah Iit, issued at Singapore on April 1, 1857. \n\n(b) The Certificate of British Nationality, No. 1148, of his father, Low Cheang Yee, issued at Singapore on November 7, 1890. This endorsed that Low Cheang Yee was born at Singapore, his father being a naturalized British subject and his mother a British subject. \n\n(c) Passport No. 1286, issued to Low Peng Kiah by the Governor of the Straits Settlements on June 5, 1919, endorsed \"Applicant's father was a British subject\". \n\n(d) A passport in Chinese for travelling in the provinces of Kuangtung and Fukien, issued to Low Cheang Yee by this Consulate on January 28, 1902, and counter-sealed by the Tastai. \n\n(e) A passport in Chinese for travelling in the province of Kuangtung, issued to Low Peng Kiah by this Consulate on December 3, 1917, and counter-sealed by the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs. \n\n(f) A passport in Chinese for travelling in the province of Kuangtung, permitting him to carry two sporting guns, with cartridges, issued to Low Peng Kiah by this Consulate on April 25, 1923, and counter-sealed by the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs. \n\nThese documents, the existence of which is known to the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, prove that Low Peng Kiah is a British subject and that he has repeatedly been recognized as such by the Chinese authorities. The fact that his title deeds are deeds of perpetual lease, and not of sale, and that they describe him as \"a foreigner\" and \"a British merchant\" is further evidence, as is the fact that as a foreigner he was not required to comply with the regulation regarding payment of the cost of constructing a road through his property (see paragraph 4 above). \n\n13. \n\nI am privately informed that the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs' report to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking on this case has been drafted in such a manner as to prejudice the Ministry against Low Peng Kiah and to bring forth a decision against his claim to British nationality. If such a decision is once given, it is unlikely that subsequent...",
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    {
        "id": 508095,
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        "page_number": 63,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "63\n\nsubsequent production of evidence to the contrary, however convincing, will be considered, and I am therefore sending a copy of this despatch and its enclosures to Mr. Phillips, His Majesty's Consul General at Nanking, requesting him to bring the case to the notice of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Nationalist Government, with the object of securing recognition of Low's British nationality, when I should again approach the local officials with the demand that the money extorted from Low might be returned to him.\n\nI have etc.,\n**(Sgd) Cecil Kirke.**\n**Consul**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508096,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 64,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "Enclosure No. 1 in Swatow No. 27 of June 29, 1927.\n\nH. M. Consul, Swatow, \nto \nCommissioner for Foreign Affairs.\n\nTranslation.\n\nSwatow, June 10, 1927.\n\n64\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to inform you that Low Han-sh'u, son of Low Peng Kiah, a British subject, has reported to me that a few hours ago several detectives in the employ of the Opium Suppression Bureau, accompanied by police, rushed into his father's house, seized him and carried him off to the Branch office of the Bureau.\n\nThis action constitutes a gross breach of Treaty stipulations and I must request that Low Peng Kiah be released instantly, no matter for what reason he has been arrested, and that any further proceedings may be conducted strictly according to Treaty.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508097,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 65,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure No. 2 in Swatow No. 27 of June 29th, 1927\n65\n\n**H.M. Consul, Swatow, to Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**\n\nSwatow, June 11th, 1927.\n\nSir,\n\nYesterday I had the honour to send you a letter by a special messenger requesting that Low Peng Kiah, who had been arrested, should be released instantly.\n\nThe messenger reports that you sent a deputy to go with him to demand Low's release. The deputy, however, having found the head of the Branch Office of the Opium Suppression Bureau in the Kuang Hua Hotel, held a secret conversation inside the hotel for several hours, but did nothing to effect Low's release. When at last he emerged, at 8 or 9 o'clock, he merely said that Low would have to find a guarantor; and later on he remarked that it was too late to transact official business and that the matter must wait until the next day.\n\nLow Peng Kiah, who has now arrived at my office, has given me the following particulars of the case.\n\nHe was writing in his office, when suddenly one of the employees of the Opium Suppression Bureau, accompanied by two detectives, rushed in, stating that they were searching for illicit opium. He informed them that his was a British firm and that if they wished to take any action they should move the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to request the British Consul to take up the matter. For reply, he only received abuse. They seized the opium utensils on the desk and having compelled him to sign a paper to the effect that they had done no damage, they dragged him off to the No. 3 Police Station, whence he was sent...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508098,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 66,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n\n66 \n\nsent to the Opium Suppression Bureau and placed in the guard \nroom. \n\nAt first, one Mo, head of the Bureau's detectives, \nproposed to fine Low $150. But later on, a person of the \nname of Tung, with many others who crowded in, demanded $5,000, \nwhich was ultimately reduced to $1,000. They removed Low to \na filthy, evil-smelling, dark room, which was so intolerable \nthat he had no alternative but to comply with their demands. \nThey thereupon made him give a statement that he had been \nfined for the illicit use of opium. \n\nIt was 4:0 am. before he was released and able to return \nto his office. The man Tung went with him and received from \nhim a draft on the Chi Ch'eng Cash Shop for $1,000 subsidiary \ncoin, payable at 3 days' sight. The man Tung then demanded \nfrom him a further sum of $200. \n\nI feel sure that this case, in which most detestable \nmethods of extortion were used and which involves a flagrant \ninstance of breach of Treaty stipulations, will arouse in \nyou feelings of horror and disgust. I must protest with \nevery possible emphasis against the treatment which Low Peng \nKiah has received and request that you will in the first \nplace see to it that the draft for $1,000 on the Chi Ch'eng \nCash Shop, given under duress, is cancelled and order the \nCash Shop in question not to cash the draft. I also request \nthat you will clearly explain the Treaties to all the police \nat the various police stations and give orders that henceforth \nthey must not take upon themselves to enter the business \npremises or residences of British subjects. Whatever the \ncircumstances may be, I must request that you act strictly \nin accordance with Treaty provisions. \n\nI have the honour further to request that you will deal \nwith this case with all possible severity and that you will \ninform me without delay of the action which you have taken \nin the matter.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508099,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 67,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 3 in Swatow No. 27 of June 29th, 1927\n\n## Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, Swatow\n## to\n## H.M. Consul\n\n### Swatow, June 11th, 1927\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of today's date informing me that Low Peng Kiah had been arrested by the Opium Suppression Bureau and had been released; but that the Bureau had extorted from him a draft for $1,000 on the Chi Ch'eng Cash Shop. You request me to cancel the draft and to order the Cash Shop not to cash it.\n\nIn reply, I have the honour to inform you that I have written to the Opium Suppression Bureau requesting them to send the draft to this office for transmission to you for cancellation. But in regard to the question of stopping payment, only the drawer has the power to do this.\n\nI take this opportunity to inform you that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has issued instructions to the Chao An Magistrate to ascertain and report whether Low Peng Kiah is actually a British subject or not and that investigations are now being made. Until the report is sent forward and the instructions on it have been received, I am unable definitely to recognize him as British and I must formally request you to take note of this.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508100,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 68,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No.4 in Swatow No.27 of June 29th, 1927.\n\n68\n\nSir,\n\nH. M. Consul, Swatow,\nto\nCommissioner for Foreign Affairs.\n\nSwatow, June 17th, 1927.\n\nOn the 11th instant I had the honour to address to you a letter giving you a full account of the arrest of the British subject, Low Peng Kiah, and the extortion from him by officials of the Opium Suppression Bureau, in most outrageous circumstances, of a draft for $1,000, and I requested you to have the draft cancelled and to order the Chi Ch'eng Cash Shop, on which it was drawn, not to cash it. I further requested you to deal with the offenders in the case with all possible severity.\n\nIn reply, you merely stated that you had written to the Opium Suppression Bureau requesting them to send the draft to you for transmission to me for cancellation, but that only the drawer had power to stop payment.\n\nAs you are, of course, aware, the Opium Suppression Bureau ignored your request. You are also, no doubt, aware that on the 13th instant the Bureau sent one of its employees, accompanied by armed men, to the Cash Shop in question, and, although the Cash Shop had been informed by me that you had decided that the draft should be sent to you, the manager was so terrified by the threatening demeanour of the Bureau's employees, that he cashed the draft, and the money was taken away to the Bureau.\n\nIt is quite clear, therefore, that although the particulars of the case were in your possession in ample time for you to take the necessary steps to ensure the cancellation of the draft, nothing was done.\n\nI",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508101,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 69,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "69 \n\nI find it difficult to write of this case in temperate language. That the employees of a Government office should be free to abuse their position is well-nigh incredible. In arresting Low Peng Kiah and extorting money from him, the Opium Suppression Bureau acted without the slightest shadow of right or justice, or of regard for the Treaties; but, relying on the strong desire of the British Government to avoid controversial questions and to re-establish friendly relations, they committed an act of which I should have thought only bandits could have been guilty. In any civilized country such an incident would be regarded as quite intolerable, and would result in the instant dismissal from office of the guilty officials and their severe punishment. But so far as I am aware, no action whatever has been taken in the matter, and the Opium Suppression Bureau is left to enjoy its ill-gotten gains.\n\nDuring the last two years I have constantly had to complain of outrages by communist organisations against the persons and property of my nationals. Apparently the Government, having suppressed those organisations, now intends to adopt their methods. Their action first in seizing Low Peng Kiah's foreshore and withholding from him the use thereof, then illegally expropriating his land on the pretext of making roads, and now by threats and duress extorting from him a large sum of money, forces me to the conclusion that they are deliberately persecuting Low Peng Kiah, as they have before persecuted other British subjects in Swatow, in defiance of justice and Treaty provisions.\n\nThe Nationalist Government have claimed that they are a civilized modern Government, competent to exercise jurisdiction over foreigners. May I enquire how you reconcile",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508102,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 70,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n\nreconcile this claim with treatment such as that meted out to Low Peng Kiah? Do you not realise the seriousness of the effect on public opinion and on the views of my Government when cases such as this are brought to light? \n\nI have protested on previous occasions against the injustice to which Low Peng Kiah has been subjected, and I now protest with all possible emphasis against this latest outrage against him on the part of the Opium Suppression Bureau. In the interests of common justice and of the friendly relations between our two countries, I demand that the money of which Low has been robbed be returned to him at once, that all concerned in the robbery be condignly punished and that the persecution which is being conducted against Low shall cease for good and all. If these legitimate demands are not complied with, it will be clear that open extortion is condoned by the Government and that the principles of justice are of no account in Swatow. \n\nI am now reporting this case to His Majesty's Government and to His Majesty's Minister at Peking, and I trust that your action will be such as to enable me shortly to report further that justice has been done. \n\nI have etc., \n\n**(Sgd.) Cecil Kirke.**  \n**H. M. Consul.**\n\nPage 70  \nPage 71",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508103,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 71,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 5 in Swatow No. 27 of June 29th, 1927\n\n## Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, Swatow, to H. M. Consul\n\nSwatow, 17th June, 1927.\n\nSir,\n\nWith reference to your letter (of the 11th instant) requesting that the draft for $1,000 on the Chi Ch'eng Cash Shop, given by Low Peng Kiah to the Opium Suppression Bureau, might be cancelled, I have the honour to inform you that I wrote to the Bureau requesting that the draft might be sent to me in order that I might forward it on for cancellation.\n\nThe Opium Suppression Bureau now replies as follows:-\n\n\"At 4.0 p.m. on the 10th instant, it was reported to this Bureau that illicit smoking of opium was going on at No. 4, Jung Lung Street. The Bureau's deputy, Mai Hung-fei, with two detectives, Wang Piao and Hsing Jung, accompanied by police, were accordingly sent to investigate.\n\n\"On their return, they reported that at No.4, Jung Lung Street, the house of Low Peng Kiah, they had discovered and impounded a box of illicit opium and a set of smoking utensils. These they brought to the Bureau, together with the person concerned, Low Peng Kiah.\n\n\"The offender was at once examined. He stated that he was a Chao An man and was manager of the Jung Fu Yuan firm. He admitted that he was aware that in smoking opium he was guilty of an offence and he begged that he might be let off with a light fine.\n\n\"The opium and smoking utensils were duly destroyed and he was sentenced to pay the very light fine of $1,000. This sentence he accepted very willingly and the case was closed.\n\n\"A report on the case and on the fine imposed has been submitted...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508104,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 72,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "72 \n\nsubmitted to the Ministry. \n\n\"In my opinion there is no such firm as the Jung Fu Yuan at No. 4 Jung Lung Street. There is no such name on the door, and the Bureau had no means of telling whether Low was a British subject or not. \n\n\"When he was arrested he was of course dealt with as an offender caught in the act. \n\n\"Your letter requesting that he might be released arrived late at night and while his examination was taking place. As soon as he expressed his willingness to pay the fine and had given a guarantee, he was released as there was no necessity to send him to your office. \n\n\"As regards the British Consul's statement that the offender is a British subject and his request that the fine should be cancelled, the Bureau begs to point out that the fine has already been paid and it cannot be refunded until the Ministry's decision on the point has been communicated to the Bureau. \n\n\"With regard to the statement that Mr. Tung endeavoured to extort $200 from the offender, careful examination of Mr. Tung shows that no such endeavour was made, and the statement is a mere invention on the offender's part. However, as a decision has already been given in the case, it is not proposed to take further steps against him on this account. \n\n\"The above account of the proceedings is now submitted to you for transmission to the British Consul\". \n\nWith reference to the above, I have the honour to state that since Low Peng Kiah admitted, in the Opium Suppression Bureau, that he was a native of Chao An Hsien and paid the fine imposed on him, I cannot discuss your request that the draft on the Chi Cheng Cash Shop should be cancelled.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508105,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 73,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure No. 6 in Swatow No. 27 of June 29th, 1927\n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, Swatow,  \nto  \nH.M. Consul.**\n\nSwatow, June 24th, 1927.\n\n73\n\nSir,\n\nWith reference to the arrest and fining of Low Peng Kiah by the Opium Suppression Bureau, I have already had the honour to inform you in my letter of the 17th instant that the Bureau has stated that while Low Peng Kiah was on their premises he admitted that he was a native of Chao An and stated that he was prepared to submit to the fine and to pay over the amount fixed.\n\nIn your letter of the 17th instant, which I have since received, you do not make the slightest reference to Low Peng Kiah's admission and to his willingness to pay the fine. I am not aware whether when you wrote your letter, you had received mine of the same date. If when you sent your letter you had already received mine, the fact that you made no reference to Low's admission is tantamount to recognizing that the statement on the Opium Suppression Bureau's letter was true.\n\nChinese who break the law in Chinese territory are dealt with by Chinese law, and no other Government is in any way concerned in such a matter. In these circumstances, how can you claim that Low Peng Kiah is a British subject.\n\nWith reference to your statement that you are reporting on the case to your Government and to the British Minister at Peking, I have the honour to inform you that I also am reporting to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs on the matter.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508106,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 74,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 7 in Swatow No.27 of June 29, 1927\n\nSir,\n\nH. M. Consul, Swatow, to Commissioner for Foreign Affairs.\n\n## Swatow, June 27, 1927\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letters of the 17th and 24th instant relative to the illegal arrest and fining of Low Peng Kiah, a British subject, by the Opium Suppression Bureau, in which you state that according to the report of the Bureau, Low Peng Kiah, while on their premises, admitted that he was a native of Chao An and said that he was prepared to submit to the fine and to pay over the amount fixed.\n\nYour letter of the 17th instant was received after I had written mine of the same date.\n\nIn reply, I must now inform you that the statements of the Opium Suppression Bureau are entirely false. Low Peng Kiah did not state that he was a native of Chao An and that he was willing to pay the fine. On the contrary, he repeatedly informed his captors that he was born at Singapore and that he was a British subject. Further, he was only induced to pay the fine by the brutal treatment meted out to him while he was in the hands of the Bureau, as explained to you in my letter of the 11th instant.\n\nYou will hardly venture, I think, to maintain that the statements of persons of the type of the Bureau's employees can be called in to rebut the evidence in the case. Would it not be quite absurd to suppose that a man, who has for years past been recognized both by this Consulate and by the local authorities as a British...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508107,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 75,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n\n75\n\nBritish subject, would willingly declare himself to be Chinese at the very moment when he found himself in the hands of Chinese Officials who were engaged in extorting money from him.\n\nThere is no doubt whatever that the Bureau's report on the point is deliberately false. The Bureau possess no proof of the admission which, they say, was made by Low Peng Kiah, for he gave no signed statement, either to the Bureau or to the No. 3 Police Station; and even if he had done so, a statement signed under duress would have no validity. On the other hand, I possess proofs that not only Low Peng Kiah, but also his late father, Low Cheang Yee, were both born in Singapore and were both British subjects. Both were granted passports by the Singapore Government for travelling to China and both were registered for many years in this Consulate as British subjects, the local authorities having always recognized their British nationality and having applied the Treaties in all matters concerning them.\n\nIn these circumstances, the statement of the Opium Suppression Bureau is valueless.\n\nI need not go to the trouble of rebutting the other incorrect statements of the Bureau, as quoted in your letter of the 17th instant, for Low Peng Kiah, being British, the Bureau have no jurisdiction over him and have no right to take any action against him except through this Consulate.\n\nYou state that you have reported on the matter to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. If, on the unsupported statement of the Opium Suppression Bureau, you have reported that Low Peng Kiah is of Chinese nationality, you have reported what is not a fact, and I request that you will immediately correct your report.\n\nLow Peng Kiah is beyond all doubt a British subject.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508108,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 76,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "76 \n\nsubject, as my records show, and I must therefore again \ndemand the return to him of the $1,000 of which he was \nrobbed and the punishment of the guilty officials who \nrobbed him.\n\nI have, etc.,\n**(Signed) Cecil Kirke.**  \n**H.M. Consul.**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508109,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 77,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 8 in Swatow No. 27 of June 29, 1927\n\n**BRITISH CONSULATE, SWATOW**\nJune 29th, 1927\n\n77\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to enclose herewith copy of a despatch and its enclosures which I have this day addressed to His Majesty's Minister at Peking regarding a case of extortion by Chinese officials from one Low Peng Kiah, a British subject of Chinese descent.\n\nI am informed that the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs at Swatow has already reported on the matter to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking in such a manner as to prejudice the Ministry against Low; and I should be grateful if you could see your way to bring the case to the notice of Mr. C. C. Wu before he reaches any decision, making such representations as you may think fit with a view to securing justice for Low Peng Kiah.\n\nI have, etc.,\n(Signed) Cecil Kirke.\n\nH. Phillips, Esq., O.B.E.,\nH.B.M. Consul-General,\nNanking.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508110,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 78,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "No. 846(15298/27)\n\nHis Majesty's Minister, Peking, presents his compliments to \nHis Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and transmits herewith three copies of the undermentioned paper.\n\nPeking, \nAugust 3rd, 1927.\n\n| Name and Date | Subject |\n| --- | --- |\n| From Nanking (at Shanghai) No.15 of July 23rd, 1927 | Low Peng Kiah |\n\nReference to previous despatch: from Swatow No.27 (Copy sent direct to F.O.)",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508111,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 79,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## British Consulate-General for Nanking (at Shanghai)\n### 18th July, 1927.\n\n79\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of June 29th last enclosing copy of a despatch and its enclosures which you have addressed to His Majesty's Minister at Peking regarding a case of extortion by Chinese officials from one Low Peng Kiah, a British subject of Chinese descent.\n\nIn accordance with your request I took an opportunity during a recent interview with Dr. C.C. Wu, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Nationalist Government, to bring this case to his notice and I made strong representations to him along the lines of the correspondence between you and the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs at Swatow.\n\nDr. C.C. Wu had not yet received any report on the case from Swatow, but he said that, quite irrespective of the facts of the case, he must declare that in instances like this of dual nationality the Nationalist Government were not prepared to recognise the claim to foreign nationality since they intended to be guided by the \"jus sanguinis\". He added that not long ago he had had a similar case at Canton in which he had adopted the same attitude. However he promised to study the copies of the Chinese correspondence, which I left with him, and to let me know his final decision in due course.\n\nHe also pointed out that cases like this were more frequent with the Japanese especially in regard to the Formosans.\n\nC.C.A. Kirke Esq., C.B.E.,  \nH.M. Consul,  \nSwatow.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508112,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 80,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n\nFormosans who came over to Fukien and that if they gave way in one case they would be creating a dangerous precedent with other foreign governments.\n\nI regret that I made little impression upon him, but it looks as if the Nationalist Government is apparently prepared to continue to act high-handedly by insisting on claiming that persons like Mr. Low Peng Kiah are Chinese subjects.\n\nI am sending a copy of this despatch to H.M. Minister at Peking.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour obedient servant,\n**(Sd.)** Herbert Phillips\nConsul-General Officiating.\n\nPage 80\nPage 81",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508113,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 81,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## No.17\n**British Consulate, Swatow**\n\nAugust 23, 1927\n\n## 81\nSir,\n\nWith reference to my despatch No.14 of June 29 last and to Foreign Office telegram No.506 to Peking, I have the honour to transmit herewith copy of a further report on the case of official extortion from Low Peng Kiah, a British subject, which I have this day addressed to His Majesty's Minister, Peking.\n\nI have, etc.,\n**(Sd.) Cecil Kirke**\nConsul.\n\nHis Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,\nForeign Office,\nLONDON, S.W.1.\n\nCOPY `(F7804/6765/10)`",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508114,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 82,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# No.35\n\nand 1 Copy Copies to F.O., Nanking, Canton, Hongkong.\n\n**British Consulate, SWATOW.**\n\nAugust 23, 1927.\n\nSir,\n\n82\n\nWith reference to your telegram No.19 of the 19th instant instructing me to report on the result of representations made to the Nanking Government respecting the case of the extortion by Chinese officials from Low Peng Kiah, a British subject, I have the honour to report that no further developments have taken place locally.\n\n2. In view of the fact that the case was brought to the notice of the Nanking Government by Mr. Phillips, His Majesty's Consul General officiating at Nanking (see his despatch to me of the 18th ultimo, copy of which was sent to you), I have thought it advisable to take no further action until that Government's views on the matter were communicated to Mr. Phillips.\n\n3. In view of recent military developments on the Yangtze, it seems doubtful whether the Nanking Government will ever issue instructions on this case; but if they do, they will almost certainly support the action of the Swatow authorities against Low Peng Kiah, in which event further representations here would be worse than useless. It may, I think, safely be forecasted that Low Peng Kiah will never recover the money that has been stolen from him.\n\nI have, etc.,  \n(Sd.) Cecil Kirke.  \n**Consul.**\n\nSir Miles Lampson, K.C.M.G., C.B., M.V.O., etc., etc., etc.  \n**His Majesty's Minister, PEKING.**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508115,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 83,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# British Consulate-General \n## for Nanking \n### (at Shanghai) \n23rd July 1927.\n\n83 Series No.15 \nOne enclosure.\n\nWith reference to Mr. Consul Kirke's Despatch No.27 of 29th June last from Swatow regarding a case of extortion by Chinese officials from one Low Peng Kiah, a British subject of Chinese descent, I have the honour to forward herewith copy of my despatch to Mr. Kirke of the 18th instant.\n\nI have the honour to be, \nSir, \nYour most obedient, humble servant, \n**(Sd.)** Herbert Phillips. \nConsul-General Officiating.\n\nSir Miles Lampson, K.C.M.G., C.B., M.V.O., \nHis Majesty's Minister, \n**PEKING**.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508116,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 84,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Foreign Office Correspondence\n\nin any further communication on this subject, please quote \n`No. F7894/348/10` \nand address - \nnot to any person by name, \nbut to - \n**The Under-Secretary of State**.\n\nForeign Office, \n`N033` \nLondon, S.W.1.\n\nSir,\n\n**RECEIVED** \n11 OCT 1927 \n**COL. OFFICE** \n`20014`/`3484` \n\nFOREIGN OFFICE, \nS.W.1. \n10th October, 1927.\n\nI am directed by Secretary Sir Austen Chamberlain to acknowledge receipt of your letter \n`No.30014/1927` of the 3rd October on the question of protection in China of British subjects of Chinese descent.\n\n2. I am to state for the information of Mr. Secretary Amery that Sir Austen Chamberlain concurs in his suggestion that an interdepartmental conference should be held to consider the matter further after the views of the Governors of **Hongkong** and the **Straits Settlements** have been received.\n\nI am, \nSir, \nYour obedient Servant, \n**The Under-Secretary of State, Colonial Office**. \nGeorge Mounsy",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508117,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 85,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Charter 29/9 JT. Beckett\n\n* Mr. E. J. Harding\n* Sir C. Strachey\n* Sir J. Shuckburgh\n* Sir G. Grindle\n* Sir C. Davis\n* Sir S. Wilson\n* Mr. Ormsby-Gore\n* Lord Lovat\n* Mr. Amery\n\n24/9 29 SEP. 030\n\nDRAFT.\n\nu.ops.\n\n7.0.\n\n30014\n\nI am, etc. to ack.\n\n33 85 2h. 1977 - 3 OCT 1927\n\nthe receipt of your letter No. `F. 6813/6813/10` of the 22nd Sept. into many forwarding a copy of a despatch from the Acting British Consul General at Canton on regarding the notification issued by the local Ministry for Foreign Affairs regarding the method by which Chinese may declare their business nationality, and certain other questions raised in Mr. Braman's despatch.\n\n2. The 1. N. draws that the Canton proposal contemplates the...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508118,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 86,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 86\n\nduring ment \n\n1 \n\nthese nationality \n\n7 \n\nonly under the conditions of the \n\nfirst Nationality law which \n\nг \n\npractically infinite q \n\nfulfillment. \n\n3. The solution suggested at \n\nthe interdepartmental Conference \n\n.އ \n\nthe negotiation of a working \n\narrangement which will allow \n\nHong Kong to afford protection to certain \n\nclasses of British subjects and \n\nGerman interests in the Shanghai Settlement, amongst \n\nother things, was requested in \n\ndespatches addressed to the authorities \n\nset out in draft letters to be promulgated in \nthis connection. Copies of these drafts were \nsent to you in the letter from this Department `XCR(85)72`",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508119,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 87,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## DRAFT\n\n3\n\nas a result of the fact that there would appear to be no urgency in the matter, in that neither in Washington nor in South Africa nor in Tokyo is there sufficient stability to make a fruitful discussion possible, the Secretary of State (Mr. A. Chamberlain) would propose that the question should be considered further internally at an interdepartmental conference after replies have been received to the despatches referred to above mentioned.\n\n(Signed) **G. Grindle**\n\nMr. E. J. Harding.  \nSir C. Strachey.  \nSir J. Shuckburgh.  \nSir G. Grindle.  \nSir C. Davis.  \nSir S. Wilson.  \nMr. Ormsby-Gore.  \nLord Lovat.  \nMr. Amery.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508120,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 88,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## sir. hasta 29/9\n\nBeckett\n\nMr. 1/\n\nMr. E. J. Harding. \nSir C. Strachey. \nSir J. Shuckburgh. \nSir G. Grindle. \nSir C. Davis. \nSir S. Wilson. \nMr. Ormsby-Gore. \nLord Lovat. \nMr. Amery.\n\nDRAFT. bofl.\n\n29th Sup: 27.\n\nMy confidential despatch of 26 May regarding British subject of whom you \nplease forward observation by despatch in due course.\n\nCodes & Sand \n5.0pm \nValor \nاسم \nSting Kay \n30014(32 \nwithout priority \n88 \nSheh. 1947 \nR 30SEP. \n£30 \nGarmor \nЛетит",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508121,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 89,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 3 OCT 1927\n\nIn any further communication on this subject, please quote `No. F 6813/6813/10` and address— not to any person by name, but to— “The Under-Secretary of State,” Foreign Office, London, S.W.1.\n\n## FOREIGN OFFICE.\n### RECEIVED 23 SEP 1927 S.W.1.\n#### 22nd September, 1927.\n\n**Sir,**\n\nI am directed by Secretary Sir Austen Chamberlain to transmit to you the accompanying copy of a despatch from the Acting British Consul-General at Canton enclosing and commenting on a notification issued by the local Ministry for Foreign Affairs regarding the method by which Chinese may renounce their Chinese nationality.\n\n2. Sir Austen Chamberlain would be glad to be favoured with Mr. Secretary Amery's observations on the questions raised in Mr. Brenan's despatch. In the meantime a memorandum on the whole subject of the protection of Anglo-Chinese in China is being prepared in this department and will be transmitted in due course for the information and consideration of the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nI am,\nYour obedient Servant,\n**George Mounsey**.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508122,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 90,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 90\n\nCOPY\n\n`(F6813/6813/10)`\n\n**No.79.**\n\n**British Consulate General, Canton.**\n\nJuly 4th, 1927.\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to enclose herewith for your information the following document:\n\nTo His Majesty's Minister, Peking, No.115 of July 4th, 1927, transmitting details of the procedure promulgated by the Canton government whereby Chinese can renounce their Chinese nationality.\n\nI have, etc.,\n\n(Sd.) J.F. Brenan.\n\n**Acting Consul-General.**\n\nHis Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,\n\netc., etc., etc.,\n\n**Foreign Office, London.**\n\nPage 90\nPage 91",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508123,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 91,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# No.115.\n## Mr. Brenan to Sir Miles Lampson.\n\n**Copies to:**  \n- F.O. No.79  \n- Hongkong No.272  \n- Shanghai  \n- Swatow  \n- H.B.M. Consulate General, Canton.\n\nJuly 4th, 1927.\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to enclose a copy and translation of a circular letter received by Consular Representatives in Canton from the local Ministry for Foreign Affairs forwarding a notification regarding the method by which Chinese may renounce their Chinese nationality. As is usual with letters received from the Foreign Office in Canton, this communication purports to have been issued by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. C.C. Wu.\n\n2. As regards the Chinese nationality law referred to in the notification, I have ascertained by enquiry at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs that this is the law promulgated by the Peking Government in 1911 and subsequently accepted by the nationalists. The detailed regulations were, I am told, revised in November 1912 and again in February 1915. I have been unable to obtain...\n\nHis Majesty's Minister, PEKING.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508124,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 92,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "the text of the law locally, but doubtless it will \nbe found in the records of the Legation, and if an \nEnglish translation has already been made, I shall \nbe grateful for a copy. Your instructions are also \nrequested regarding the action, if any, that you wish \nme to take in respect of this notification and its \nacknowledgment.\n\nThe present\n\n3. In case my comments thereon are desired, I \nwould submit that provided the term \"Chinese\" were \nmore clearly defined and the machinery for enabling \na Chinese to renounce his nationality in the manner \nindicated were efficiently established, the proposed \nsystem, possibly with modifications, might provide \na good solution of a difficult problem.\n\nposition in this district regarding Chinese British \nsubjects is that the Chinese authorities claim and \nexercise jurisdiction over all persons of Chinese \nrace regardless of where they are born or for how \nmany generations their ancestors may have been \ndomiciled abroad. Consular representations and protests \nare invariably met by the answer that the person \nconcerned remains Chinese until he has divested \nhimself of his nationality in accordance with the \nChinese nationality law, quite regardless of the fact \nthat hitherto no arrangement have been made in the \nSouth to enable that process to be effected. It is \nnot only British Chinese who are treated in this way.\n\nMy \n## Page 92",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508125,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 93,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "My American colleague tells me that he has had precisely the same experience, and that in order to terminate the long and exasperating correspondence which American Consuls have had to conduct on this subject, the State Department has admitted the principle of dual nationality and has ceased to intervene on behalf of Chinese Americans in China.\n\n4. The present time, when the Nanking Nationalist Government is unrecognised by the Powers and its actual position is uncertain and precarious, may not be a suitable one for issuing notifications of this sort, giving the persons concerned six months in which to decide a question of fundamental importance, and affecting the rights of people claiming foreign nationality. The notification itself, moreover, is drafted with the slap-dash inefficiency characteristic of the efforts of \"Young China\" In the last sentence, for instance, the drafters do not seem to realize that if the Chinese Government is to decide, without prior consultation, what classes of persons it will protect in foreign countries, the foreign Powers must have the same right in respect of China. A right which, in fact, they have been exercising but which the present démarche is intended to abolish.\n\n5. Nevertheless, the attitude adopted by the Cantonese in this matter is undoubtedly approved by the whole country, and is not likely to be modified to \n## Page 93",
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    {
        "id": 508126,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 94,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "to any great extent whatever faction may establish itself in power. The general point of view of the Chinese must also, I think, meet with the sympathy of fair-minded people. The extra-territorial system was intended to protect white residents in China from judicial customs and a legal procedure to which they were not accustomed. But although such considerations could not apply to the Chinese themselves, the system has in fact been used to withdraw large numbers of Chinese from the jurisdiction of the native authorities. The natives of the country who have thus been able to acquire legally, or to obtain fraudulently, a technical dual nationality have never hesitated to abuse it to the full, claiming either Chinese or foreign privileges as suited their circumstances at the time, and finding no lack of foreigners, chiefly foreign legal practitioners, to abet them in their activities. Many authorities and much evidence can be quoted for this statement, and my own experience in dealing with such cases is copious, but there is already a voluminous correspondence on the subject and I will not burden this despatch with repetitions.\n\n6. The Chinese who settle in the British Colonies and Dominions may make desirable and law-abiding citizens. On the other hand, they prosper exceedingly under the good government which they cannot obtain at home, but they accept these benefits without emotion or... \n\nPage 94",
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    {
        "id": 508127,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 95,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "or noticeable gratitude and from their acquired wealth they remit large contributions to the Kuomintang in China. They never become good British subjects in the sense of developing a loyalty to the Empire or feeling a community of interest with the British commonwealth of nations, and in sentiment they remain Chinese first, last and all the time. There is no reason why it should be otherwise.\n\nThey are not indigenous to any part of the Empire other than Hongkong, and if the truth be known, they regard that island as rightfully belonging to themselves, the native inhabitants, and not to its British rulers. Many of them own a share of the ancestral property somewhere in the interior of China, and all of them hope some day to return to the family home and to be buried with their forefathers.\n\nThe numbers of Chinese who have made their fortunes and owe all that they have in money or education to the beneficence of British rule must run into tens of thousands, but during these two years of anti-British agitation has any one of them come out on a public platform or in the press and defended the British against their detractors? If so I have never heard of it. My strongly held opinion is that these people should be regarded from their own materialistic point of view. So long as they are law abiding \n\n## Page 95",
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        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508128,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 96,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "abiding and contribute to the prosperity of the Empire \nby their industry and commerce, they should receive \nthe corresponding benefits of good government - in \nthe Empire. But when they return to their land of \norigin for pleasure or profit, let them take the \nrisks as well; any sentiment expended on them as \nfollows British subjects in danger is wasted. \n\nI have, etc., \n**(Sd.) J.F. Brenan**  \n**Acting Consul-General**  \n\n## Page 96",
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        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508129,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 97,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# TRANSLATION\n\nFrom Ministry for Foreign Affairs (No.249)  \nCanton  \nJune 24th, 1927\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to transmit herewith a copy of a notification outlining the procedure, formulated by this government, whereby Chinese citizens may divest themselves of their Chinese nationality.\n\nI have, etc.,  \n(Sd.) C.C. Wu  \nMinister for Foreign Affairs",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508130,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 98,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Notification by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs regarding the procedure by which Chinese may divest themselves of Chinese nationality.\n\nJune 1927.\n\nIf a Chinese already possesses foreign nationality either by birth abroad or through his father having been naturalised and has not obtained the consent of this Government to abandon his allegiance to the Chinese Republic, then hereafter if he wishes to become the citizen of a foreign country he must within six months of the issue of this proclamation in accordance with clause 8 of the detailed regulations of the revised Nationality Law so petition the local authorities, or, if he is an emigrant abroad, the local Chinese Consul, or should there be no Consul, the District Magistrate of his birth place, to report the matter to the Provincial Government and to this Ministry for necessary action. Otherwise he will still be recognised as a Chinese citizen. Should he (in the latter case) become involved in law suits in Chinese territory he will be subject to the jurisdiction of the Chinese Courts, and should he suffer injury abroad he will receive the protection of the Chinese Government.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508131,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 99,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Extract from a **Confidential Memorandum** enclosed in a despatch from the Governor of Hong Kong, dated 22nd July 1927.\n\n\"His Majesty's Government are prepared to recognise the validity of a reasonable Chinese nationality law.\"\n\nIt cannot unfortunately be denied that the adherence of the Foreign Powers to the \"jus soli\" in the matter of nationality has at times been exploited in no creditable fashion by persons of Chinese race who have sought foreign registration simply with the object of securing the foreigner's privileges or immunities while engaged in transactions of an entirely Chinese character. It must also be admitted that for the great bulk of \"overseas Chinese\" China remains their spiritual home. It will take many decades, if not centuries, for modern scepticism to kill the Chinese belief in the living continuity of the family of which \"ancestor worship\" is the outward manifestation. The very term employed to describe \"overseas Chinese\" indicates that they regard themselves as \"sojourners\" in a strange land whence they hope some day to return to their home-country. But there is a distinct class among these \"sojourners\" which has formed a positive attachment to its country of adoption and desires to claim British nationality not as a convenient addition to, but in substitution for, Chinese. We consider it essential that any agreement with China regarding the nationality...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508132,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 100,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "100 \n\nof persons nationality/of Chinese race shall provide for the full recognition as British subjects of any Chinese who has been granted British naturalisation papers, local or imperial, or whose British birth is authenticated by the appropriate British authorities, provided he takes steps (for which machinery must be instituted) definitely to divest himself of his Chinese nationality.\n\nWe consider further that the process of divestment should be declared unnecessary in the case of any Chinese authenticated as born in British territory of parents and grandparents similarly born.\n\nPage 100\nPage 101",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508133,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 101,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n## GOVERNOR,\n\nSir,\n\n`30082/27 J4.K`\nDowning Street,\n30\n24 August, 1927.\n\n101\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your **Confidential (2)** despatch of the 30th December, 1926, enclosing a draft statement prepared by the Attorney-General in answer to certain enquiries made by the French Consul at Hong Kong concerning the legal status of British subjects of Chinese race. I have to express my regret at the delay in answering your despatch which has arisen from the necessity of consulting other departments of His Majesty's Government in the matter.\n\n2. I am now in a position to approve the draft reply contained in your despatch, subject to the following amendments:-\n| Amendment | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1) | Paragraph 2. Omit last sentence, i.e., the words from \"English Law\" to \"Colonial subjects\". |\n| (2) | The reference to \"British Nationality and Status of Aliens Acts 1914 to 1918\" should read \"The British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 to 1922\". |\n| (3) | Paragraph 5. The sentence \"What is popularly known as Imperial naturalisation can be obtained from the Secretary of State through the Governor\" etc., should be altered to read \"That is popularly known as Imperial naturalisation can be obtained from the Governor, subject to the approval of the Secretary of State\" etc. |\n\nSIR C. CLEMENTI, K.C.M.G.,\netc.,\netc.,\netc.\n\n(4)",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508134,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 102,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "(4) Paragraph 6. The following words should be added: \"confined to Hong Kong, and a person Imperially naturalised in Hong Kong possesses all the rights and privileges derived from his status as such throughout the Empire, except in those Dominions which have not adopted Part II of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914\".\n\n102\n\n3. I have considered whether it would be desirable to insert in the draft reply a reference to the position in China of persons of dual nationality, British and Chinese, but I have decided not to do so in as much as the question is one of great difficulty, and moreover does not appear to be cognate to the general purpose of the French Consul's enquiries.\n\n4. I have to request that you will now reply to the French Consul in the terms of the draft originally submitted with the amendments suggested above, and inform me when you have done so.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour most obedient,\nhumble servant,\n(for the Secretary of State)\n**(Signed)** W. ORMSBY GORE.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508135,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 103,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## CONFIDENTIAL (2)\n\nSir,\n\nGovernment House,\nHong Kong, 30th December, 1926.\n\nWith reference to your despatch **CONFIDENTIAL (2)** dated 30th December, 1924, concerning the treatment of Asiatic British subjects by the French authorities in Indo-China, I have the honour to forward for your consideration copies of a letter dated 20th September, 1926, from the Consul for France in this Colony on the subject of the legal status of British subjects of Chinese race.\n\n2. The Attorney General in submitting draft replies, of which I enclose a copy, to the questions in the Consul's letter observes that it must be pointed out to the Consul that the answers, if sent without reference to you, must not be taken as binding His Majesty's Government in any way. He further points out that as regards the fourth question, we are embarrassed here by what is understood to be the attitude of Australia, South Africa, and Canada.\n\n3. In view of the fact that the matter concerns other British Colonies as well as Hong Kong, I should be glad to receive your instructions before giving an authoritative reply to the French Consul.\n\nI have, etc.,\n\n(Sgd) **C. CLEMENTI**\nGovernor, etc.,\n\nThe Right Honourable\nLieutenant Colonel L.C.M.S. Amery, M.P.\netc.,\netc.,\netc.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508136,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 104,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# CONSULTAT DE FRANCE \n## HONG KONG \n\n104 \n\n**République Francaise** \n\nHong Kong, le \n20 Septembre 1926 \n\nMonsieur le Secrétaire, \n\nS. Exc. le Gouverneur Général de l'Indo Chine \nm'a prié de bien vouloir éclairer son administration sur \nla qualité juridique des Asiatiques sujets britanniques. \n\nDes difficultés se sont élévées au sujet de \nl'application aux Chinois de l'arrêté du 16 Avril 1916, \nqui réglemente en Indo Chine l'enregistrement des actes \npassés entre indigènes et asiatiques assimilés. Le \nGouvernement Général serait désireux, afin de régler, suivant les principes du droit qui les régissent, les cas intéressant les Asiatiques assimilés en Indo Chine aux Chinois, de connaître le statut juridique des Chinois \nsujets britanniques. \n\nJe vous serais très reconnaissant en conséquence de vouloir bien, dans la mesure du possible, me permettre de répondre au questionnaire suivant que m'adresse Son \nExcellence Monsieur Varenne.\n\n1) Un Chinois né à Hong Kong peut-il, par le seul fait de sa naissance dans cette colonie anglaise, se réclamer de la qualité de sujet anglais? \n2) En admettant que la naissance lui ait conféré la qualité de sujet anglais, peut-il être assimilé à un sujet anglais d'origine du Royaume Uni de Grande Bretagne? \n3) Le statut d'un Chinois anglais de Hong Kong est-il identique à celui d'un sujet britannique anglais d'origine? \n4) Le bénéficiaire de ce statut a-t-il la jouissance de tous droits, pouvoirs, privilèges politiques et autres, absolument comme un sujet britannique, naturel né? \n\nMonsieur, \nMonsieur J. SOUTHORN \nSecrétaire Colonial, Hong Kong \n\n5)",
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    {
        "id": 508137,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 105,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n5) Quels sont les actes particuliers du pouvoir législatif qui réglementent, dans la colonie de Hong Kong, l'acquisition de la nationalité anglaise.\n\n6) La naturalisation obtenue dans la colonie de Hong Kong a-t-elle efficacité partout ailleurs que sur son territoire?\n\n7) N'existe-t-il pas dans la colonie de Hong Kong une sorte de demi-naturalisation que les Anglais appellent \"denization\" et quels en sont les effets?\n\n8) L'étranger qui a obtenu la denization et qui, à ce titre, a été relevé de tout ou partie des déchéances et des incapacités qui, de droit commun, le frappent sur le sol anglais, ne demeure-t-il pas dans les liens de sa nationalité primitive?\n\n9) En d'autres termes, si à Hong Kong un sujet anglais d'origine asiatique, né dans la colonie, se trouvait sous le coup de poursuites pour une infraction quelconque, serait-il traduit devant le même tribunal qu'un citoyen anglais, né à Londres de parents anglais, de passage à Hong Kong et coupable d'un délit analogue? Lui serait-il fait application de la même législation?\n\nVeuillez agréer, Monsieur le Secrétaire Colonial, les assurances de ma haute considération.\n\nLe Consul de France,\n(Sd) G. D. de la PRADE.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508138,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 106,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 106\n\n1. Every person born in Hong Kong since it became British territory is, by virtue of his birth within the British dominions, a British subject in the fullest sense, irrespective of his race or parentage.\n\n2. A person of Chinese parentage born in Hong Kong is a natural-born British subject, and is as fully a British subject as if he had been born in England of English parents. In no case does the word \"subject\" in the term \"British subject\" connote any inferiority. The law does not recognise any class of Colonial subjects.\n\n3. \n- (a) The status of a person of Chinese parentage who is a British subject by virtue of his birth in Hong Kong is identical with that of a British subject who is such by virtue of his birth in England of English parents.\n- (b) The status of a Chinese who is a British subject by virtue of his naturalization under the provisions of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Acts, 1914 and 1918, is identical with the status of a natural-born British subject, except of course that in certain circumstances his certificate of naturalization may be revoked. The Acts referred to above are enactments of the Imperial legislature, and this kind of naturalization is popularly known as \"imperial naturalization\".\n- (c) The status of a Chinese who has merely been naturalized locally under the provisions of the Naturalization Ordinance, 1902, is identical with that of a natural-born British subject while the naturalized person is in Hong Kong. The Ordinance referred to above is an enactment of the Hong Kong legislature, and this limited kind of naturalization is popularly known as \"local naturalization\".\n\n4. The answer to this question depends upon how the status...",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508139,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 107,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 107 \n\nstatus was acquired. If it was acquired only under the provisions of the Naturalization Ordinance, 1902, the person in question is entitled to all the political and other rights, powers and privileges to which a natural-born British subject is entitled in Hong Kong, but only while the person so naturalized is in Hong Kong. If the status was acquired by birth, or under the provisions of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Acts 1914 and 1918, the person in question is entitled, not only in Hong Kong, but, for example, in England also, to all the political and other rights, powers and privileges to which a natural-born British subject is entitled.\n\n5. What is popularly known as local naturalization, which is valid only within the Colony, can be obtained from the Governor under the Naturalization Ordinance, 1902, Ordinance No. 44 of 1902. What is popularly known as Imperial naturalization can be obtained from the Secretary of State, through the Governor, under the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Acts, 1914 and 1918. The respective requirements are set out in the Ordinance in the one case and in the Acts and regulations in the other.\n\n6. As explained above, naturalization under the Hong Kong Ordinance is effective only in Hong Kong, but the effects of naturalization under the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Acts, 1914 and 1918, are not confined to Hong Kong.\n\n7. Denization is a prerogative of the Crown which has fallen into desuetude, though it is expressly preserved by the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act, 1914. Letters of denization cannot be obtained in the Colony of Hong Kong. The rights conferred by denization might vary from case to case, but denizens were in any event under certain statutory disabilities.\n\n8.",
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    {
        "id": 508140,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "page_number": 108,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "108 \n\n8. As stated above denization is now obsolete.\n\n9. A British subject of Asiatic origin, born in the Colony, would, if charged with any offence whatsoever, come before exactly the same tribunal as a British subject, born in London of British parents, who was charged with the same offence, and the same criminal laws would apply to both classes of person. English law draws no such distinction as appears to be drawn in the Consul General's letter of the 20th September, 1926, between a \"**sujet**\" and a \"**citoyen**\".",
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    {
        "id": 508141,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 109,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n\nIn any further communication on this subject, please quote No. `F6555/348/10`, and address—not to any person by name, but to 'The Under-Secretary of State,' Foreign Office, London, S.W.1.\n\nRECEIVED  \n- 3 AUG 1927  \nCOOL, OFFICE  \n\n**Sir,**  \n\n**FOREIGN OFFICE.**  \nS.W.1.  \n\n30014  \n2nd August, 1927.  \n(2)  \n23.  \nSee 21  \n\nWith reference to Colonial Office letter No. `30014/27` of July 27th, I am directed by Secretary Sir Austen Chamberlain to state that he concurs in Mr. Secretary Amery's view of the necessity of receiving the opinion of the Governors of Hongkong and the Straits Settlements on the Chinese proposals for overcoming the difficulties arising out of the dual nationality of British subjects of Chinese origin.\n\n2. Sir M. Lampson's despatch No. 399 of April 21st, copy of which was sent to the Colonial Office in Foreign Office letter No. `F5318/1410/10` of the 14th July, does not appear to have been communicated to the Governors of Hongkong and the Straits Settlements. Two copies are accordingly enclosed herewith for transmission to them in order that their observations may be sent by telegraph as suggested by Mr. Amery.\n\nI am,  \nSir,  \nYour obedient Servant,  \nG. G. Gange townsey.\n\nThe Under Secretary of State,  \nColonial Office.",
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    {
        "id": 508142,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 110,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \nMr. TAC 29/7 11г. Вик Bukit 29 alo \n\nMr. E. J. Harding. \nSir C. Strachey. \nSir J. Shuckburgh. \nSir G. Grindle. \nSir C. Davis. \nSir S. Wilson. \nMr. Ormsby-Gore. \nLord Lovat. \nMr. Amery.\n\n`30014/27 HKC` был \n\nCodes & fund \n1.30pm \nJuly 27. 30th July \nGov Singapore \nC. D. \nR 1-AUG. 0 3¬ \n\n25 \n110 \nrel \nCousõn DRAFT. \n(24) \n\nYour Fel \n22 July much regret \n8 March \n191 (conf code) \nwhich was \nnon arrival of my addressed K Hong Kong \nwill requel for repetition to you with- \nrelevant portion of Fo Filigram 0 \ncorsed \nis Low \nfully \n26 May \nand \nby my comf dep doubtless sufficient if \nal \nrepetition Blained from Hong Kong \nYour convenience \nGround \nRecire \n\nPage 110\nPage 111 \n\n(231 \n Aus! Tel. 30",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508143,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 111,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Telegram from the Governor of the Straits Settlements to the Secretary of State for the Colonies\nDated 22nd July  \n(Received Colonial Office 9.55 p.m. 22nd July, 1927)  \n\n**Confidential**. Your despatch of 26th May **Confidential** Straits Settlements. I have not received telegram of 8th March referred to in the first paragraph. I should be glad if you would have it repeated.\n\nRECEIVED  \n23 JUL 1927  \nCOL. OFFICE",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508144,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 112,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## DRAFT\n\nI am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 18 July, No. `FJ018/1410/10`, regarding the difficulties arising out of the dual nationality of British subjects of Chinese origin.\n\n2. In reply, I am to request that in view of the démarches made by Sir Austen Chamberlin...\n\nIf the Govt. of ... the first to keep in touch with Peking they will... \n\nMr. Samens 22/7/47 \nE. J. Harding. \nSir C. Strachey. \nSir J. Shuckburgh. \nSir G. Grindle. \nSir C. Davis. \nSir S. Wilson. \nMr. Ormsby-Gore. \nLord Lovat. \nMr. Amery. \n\n- 5 AUG 1927 \n\n`20014/15` Akong \n`C. D. R` 23JUL. 260 \n`112` \n`2714`",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508145,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 113,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "**will doubtless have received the**\n\n**113**\n\n**aforethought of the**\n\n**Chinese**\n\n**for orders**\n\n**direct from S.M. Lamp Fallon**\n\n# **Informed before under Sir**\n\n**Austin Chamberlain regards**\n\n**it**\n\n**as urgent, to await**\n\n**the matter**\n\n続 \n\n**During 1944 the Sid. for derfo addressed**, \n**which it is**\n\n**to them on the 26 May last**\n\n**these references is thorn, wotown,**\n\n**Rofent will cover**\n\n**avoid the possibility of any oversight**\n\n**the past side howe**\n\n**to**\n\n**of this**\n\n**comes will be put to the que of 17; the IT with the**\n\n**request that they will take graph home, if such are not already included in their replies to the above mentioned desps.**\n\n**copy**\n\nбой \n\n**(Signed) G. GRINDLAY**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508146,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 114,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# CONFIDENTIAL\n## SECTION 8\n### No. 1\n#### [F 5318/1410/10]\n\n**(No. 399.)** Sir,  \nSir M. Lampson to Sir Austen Chamberlain.—(Received June 8.)\n\nPeking, April 21, 1927.\n\nWITH reference to my telegram No. 598 of the 1st April, giving the instructions issued to Mr. Garstin for his guidance in dealing with the question of the application of Chinese laws in British courts in China and other cognate matters, I have the honour to transmit herewith copy of a report by Mr. Garstin of the proceedings of his commission to date.\n\n2. Dealing with some of the points raised in this despatch I have decided that it would be useless in present circumstances to discuss in Peking the question of the recognition of the Chinese Nationality Law mentioned in paragraph 3. The question of dual nationality is one which is much more acute in the South, with its close proximity to Hong Kong and its large number of emigrants to the Straits Settlements, than in North China. In fact, in North China little trouble is experienced, and any working arrangement must be one that the South accepts voluntarily. For the time being there can be no discussion with the Nationalist Government, and this question must accordingly, I think, be left in abeyance, at any rate until pressed by the Northern Government.\n\nAs regards the question of taxation, referred to in paragraph 7, Dr. Koo, at one of our interviews, gave a half-promise that he would supply a list of such taxes as came within our offer or which he considered should be made applicable to British subjects, and it was my intention that Mr. Garstin should ascertain what legal validity any suggested taxes had. It will be observed that his Chinese colleagues have refused to discuss this question, and the Wai-chiao Pu have instead sent me a letter proposing the setting up of another commission to deal with taxation questions. I shall have the honour to report further on this point in a separate despatch.\n\n4. Coming now to the main work of the legal commission, which is to ascertain the body of laws which comes within the terms of our offer, it will be observed (paragraph 4) that Mr. Garstin has endeavoured without success to obtain an answer to the question how far existing laws are recognised by the Nationalist Government in South China. I myself have never been able to elicit anything satisfactory in my conversations with Dr. Koo and Dr. Wang Chung-hui. They have always been evasive or minimised the differences between North and South, but have always left me with the feeling that the division between the two is not only greater than they admit, but is, with an extremist faction in power in the South, also constantly growing. This is amply confirmed by Mr. Teichman in his despatch No. 30 of the 28th March, copy of which was sent to the Foreign Office direct from Hankow. In the face of Mr. Hsu Chien's statements, reported in that despatch, it is useless for the Peking Government to deny that, for the moment at any rate, there is a very definite split between North and South, even in judicial matters. This split is likely to continue and to grow so long as the Communists retain control of the Nationalist Government. In the circumstances, our offer to apply Chinese law may have to be reconsidered or suspended for a time, and I accordingly informed Mr. Garstin that when the Chinese delegates had supplied him with the list of laws and the texts and translations of them referred to in paragraph 4 of his despatch, he was at liberty to bring the work of his commission to a conclusion whenever he considered that there was nothing further to be gained by its continuance. I have, however, suggested that it might be advisable to arrange, if possible, some channel for the further supply of any information which may be required in the preparation of the amending Order in Council, which your telegram No. 269 of the 12th April states it is proposed to undertake at home.\n\n5. The Wai-chiao Pu have now formally communicated to me a statement prepared by the Ministry of Justice showing \"the laws and draft laws at present in force in China.\" The Chinese commissioners have at the same time supplied this Legation with the volumes of laws, regulations, Supreme Court decisions, and...\n\nPage 114  \n[June 8, 1927]  \n`F 5318/1410/10`  \n[146 h-8]",
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        "id": 508147,
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        "page_number": 115,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Page 115\n\n\n## Page 116\n\n2 \n\nstatistics which were laid before the Extra-territoriality Commission, together with a supplementary volume of Chinese legislation. I am forwarding to the Foreign Office such English and French texts as are included in the above, and I enclose herein a tabular statement prepared by Mr. Garstin.* based on the Ministry of Justice's list and on the volumes referred to, in which the laws, regulations, &c., are grouped with appropriate references under four heads :-- \n\n(1.) Laws, &c., which appear suitable for consideration in connection with the third of the proposals communicated by this Legation to the Wai-chiao Pu on the 28th January last. \n\n(2.) Judicial precedents. \n\n(3.) Draft laws. \n\n(4.) Legislation which does not seem suitable for application in British courts in China. \n\n6. The Ministry of Justice's list is confined to laws, &c., which can properly be classed as civil, commercial or criminal. It does not include legislation relating to the administration of the Government, organisation of the judiciary and similar administrative matters, as such legislation could not be applied in British courts. On the other hand, the Ministry have included legislation, such as the Civil Procedure Regulations, which does not come within the scope of the British proposals. \n\n7. It will be seen that in many cases, mostly legislation of a less important character, no translation is available. In answer to an enquiry on the subject, the Chinese commissioners informed Mr. Garstin that they would be glad, as occasion arose, to give such assistance as might be possible, but that the work of translating all the laws and regulations was too big an undertaking for the Chinese authorities. They suggested that even without official translations the application of the laws in British courts might be possible. Translation could be supplied from unofficial sources, and in any specific case, if the meaning of a provision in one of the laws was doubtful, expert evidence could be called to explain it. This suggestion seems hardly feasible, and it is to be hoped that when the draft Civil and Commercial Codes now in course of preparation are promulgated by the Chinese Government they will publish translations in English or French, as they have already done in two cases, the \"Draft Civil Code, General Principles,\" and the \"Draft Law of Negotiable Instruments.\" \n\n8. Mr. Garstin will in all probability leave Peking for home some time in May, and the legal advisers of the Foreign Office will no doubt desire that he should be available for consultation, unless it is proposed to suspend all action until the position in China becomes clearer, at any rate as regards the application of one code of laws throughout China. \n\nI have, &c. \n\nSir. \n\n## Enclosure in No. 1\n\nMr. Garstin to Sir M. Lampson. \n\nMILES LAMPSON. \n\nApril 13, 1927. \n\nI HAVE the honour to submit herewith a report on the conversations which I held on the 22nd, 27th and 30th ultimo and 4th and 9th instant with the Chinese commissioners appointed by the Chinese Government to examine with myself such of the proposals communicated on the 28th January last by His Majesty's Legation to the Wai-chiao Pu as relate to the application of Chinese law in British courts in China. \n\n2. The first proposal presented little difficulty. I informed the Chinese representatives that I thought that the modern Chinese law courts referred to were those listed on pp. 118-121 of the Report of the Commission of Extra-territoriality in China (\"China No. 3, 1926\"), and that the provisional court at Shanghai would not be included. \n\n2A. It seems that the recommendation of the commission (report, p. 95) that foreign lawyers should be permitted to represent clients, both foreign and Chinese, in all mixed cases will not be adopted or even considered by the Chinese Government in favour of the nationals of any Power until that Power has renounced the practice of extra-territoriality in China. The \"Provisional Regulations relating to the Practice of Lawyers who are Citizens of Countries having no Extra-territorial Jurisdiction in China,\" were promulgated in 1920. Such lawyers, if they have obtained lawyers' certificates from the Ministry of Justice in China, may, on being registered with a high court and enrolled as members of a Chinese Bar Association, practise before the Chinese courts, but only in litigation concerning their own nationals, and in otherwise acting on behalf of such nationals. \n\n3. With regard to the second proposal, relating to the Chinese Law of Nationality, the Chinese representatives submitted a formula for overcoming the difficulties arising from the dual nationality of persons of Chinese origin born within the British dominions. This is based partly on the Sino-Dutch arrangement of 1911, and partly on a suggestion that was mooted during the drafting of the Extra-territoriality Commission's Report. Its aim is to secure for such persons, when they visit their country of origin for a short time, immunity from the jurisdiction of Chinese courts, but to make it obligatory on them, if they wish such immunity to continue for longer than six months, to obtain from the Chinese Ministry of the Interior a certificate of denationalisation, in accordance with the Revised Chinese Law of Nationality. The provisions of that law on this subject are contained in Chapter III, articles 12 to 16. Permission to denationalise himself will not be granted by the Ministry of the Interior to an applicant unless- \n\n| Condition | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1.) | He is over 20 years of age. |\n| (2.) | He has legal capacity, as defined by Chinese law. |\n| (3) | Having attained military age he is exempt from military service and has not yet served in the army. |\n| (4.) | He is not in the active service of the army. |\n| (5.) | He is not a civil or military officer, or a member of a legislative assembly, or a functionary of a local administration. |\n\nThere are other cases in which a certificate will be refused, such as those where the applicant is a suspect or a criminal, a defendant in a civil case, an undischarged bankrupt or a defaulter in the payment of taxes; but generally, I was given to understand, it is unlikely that difficulties will be raised in the case of a bona fide applicant. \n\n4. The third proposal raised at once the question whether there is any legislation at present in China which can fairly be said to come within its terms. It is a question to which the Chinese representatives could give no satisfactory answer. In view of the findings of the Extra-territoriality Commission on this subject (paragraph 223 of their report) and of the fact that political conditions in China have not improved since that report was written, it may be suspected that the true answer is not encouraging. Nevertheless, as we want to have on record duly certified copies and translations of the laws which the Chinese Government claim come within the terms of the proposal, I asked whether these could be filed. The Chinese delegates promised that a list of the laws in force in China would be furnished to His Majesty's Legation by the Ministry of Justice, and that copies of bound volumes containing the Chinese texts and copies of such translations as had been made and printed, as submitted to the Extra-territoriality Commission, would be forthcoming; but they seemed unwilling to commit themselves to any undertaking to supply duly authenticated translations. \n\n5. The meaning of certain phrases used in the third proposal was examined by the Chinese delegates. Thus, it was urged that 'modern Chinese Civil and Commercial Codes\" should be deemed to include \n\n| Inclusion | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1.) | The interpretations placed by the Chinese Supreme Court on the laws; |\n| (2.) | The general legal principles applied by the court; |\n| (3.) | Well-established customs and usages. |\n\nThe modern Chinese courts have been in the habit of seeking in the draft codes prepared by the Chinese Government the general principles which they are authorised to apply. The practice has now received the sanction of the Government. A presidential mandate issued on the 18th November, 1926, authorises the courts to consult for their guidance and to apply as occasion demands the following draft codes :-- \n\n| Draft Code | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1.) | Civil Code, general principles; |\n| (2.) | The law relating to obligations; |\n| (3.) | Commercial Law; |\n| (4.) | The Law of Negotiable Instruments; |\n| (5.) | Maritime Law; |\n| (6.) | The Bankruptcy Law. |",
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        "content_text": "## 117 \n\n4 \n\nIf the Chinese suggestion were adopted, it would mean that British courts in China would apply the draft codes as well as those actually promulgated. This would be a considerable extension of the British proposal as it now stands.\n\n## 66 \n\n6. I was asked the meaning of the words \"subordinate legislation,\" and \"throughout China\" in the third proposal. I explained the former expression in the words of the definition given in Foreign Office telegram No. 92 of the 1st February last to His Majesty's Legation, and added that I thought that such legislation as by-laws would be included as far as practicable; the latter expression I thought might mean, as the Chinese representatives suggested, not every part of China, but only such part as the legislation intended to affect.\n\n7. The Chinese representatives declared themselves unable to discuss the fourth proposal, relating to taxation, but the enclosed copy of a memorandum (`enclosure No. 2`) submitted to the Extra-territoriality Commission on the 5th May last by the Chinese delegate (Dr. Wang Chung-hui) gives some indication of the taxes which the Chinese Government will expect British subjects to pay.\n\n8. In connection with the fifth proposal, relating to the revised Chinese Penal Code, the Chinese delegates expressed the hope that an effort would be made to remedy the state of affairs referred to in paragraph 40 of the Extra-territoriality Commission's Report, by establishing in China the final Court of Appeal in mixed criminal cases. I made no comment on this suggestion beyond saying that the matter would receive attention. The Chinese have little cause for complaint on this score so far as the British courts are concerned. There is no appeal to the Privy Council from a decision of the Full Court in criminal matters, save by leave of the Privy Council, and I understand that leave is not readily given, especially when the appeal is on a question of fact.\n\n9. Lastly, the question of \"judicial assistance\" was raised. The Chinese wish the original proposal presented by Dr. Wang Chung-hui to the Extra-territoriality Commission to be accepted. That proposal was as follows:\n\n| Location | Entity Responsible for Execution |\n| --- | --- |\n| In the Legation quarter in Peking | the Legation quarter police |\n| In the concessions and settlements where there is a municipal police | by the municipal police |\n| In any other place where a national of the participating Powers may be residing in accordance with the treaties | by the local police |\n| In case the person under Chinese jurisdiction has taken refuge on board a vessel flying the flag of one of the participating Powers | the consul of such Power who shall have it executed without delay |\n\n\"Judgments (civil and criminal), summonses and warrants of arrest, detention and search, concerning persons under Chinese jurisdiction, when duly issued by a competent Shen P'an T'ing Court, and certified as such by the Wai-chiao Pu or by the local Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, should be executed ...\n\nAsylum of political offenders in the compounds of the Legations in Peking should be governed by the general rules and practices of international law.\n\nBearing in mind the telegraphic correspondence exchanged on this subject between the Foreign Office and His Majesty's Legation, I said that in the case of British vessels the present practice should remain unchanged, and that an exception would probably have to be made to Dr. Wang's proposals in the case of premises actually occupied by British subjects in the treaty-port areas. The Chinese delegates expressed disappointment at this exception being made, and said that they hoped it would not be pressed.\n\n*Not printed*\n\nI have, &c.\nC. F. GARSTIN.",
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        "page_number": 117,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n\n## CHINA\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n`[F 4841/398/10]`\n\nRE  \n- 1 JUN 1927  \nCOL. OFFICE  \nNo. 1.  \n[May 21, 1927]  \nSECTION 2.  \n1927, 20)  \n118\n\n## Mr. Teichman to Sir Austen Chamberlain.--(Received May 21.)\n\nMR. E. TEICHMAN presents his compliments to His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and has the honour to transmit herewith copy of a despatch addressed to His Majesty's Minister at Peking on the subject of an interview with the Minister of Justice of the Nationalist Government.\n\nHankow, March 27, 1927.\n\n### Enclosure in No. 1.\n\n**(No. 30.)** Sir,\n\n## Mr. Teichman to Sir M. Lampson.\n\nHankow, March 28, 1927.\n\nI HAVE the honour to report that a week ago I met Mr. Hsü Chien, the Minister of Justice of the Nationalist Government, and took the opportunity to make some enquiries about the courts and the judicial system in the regions under the control of that Government.\n\n2. Mr. Hsü has had a remarkable career. A native of Anhui, he was a scholar of the old régime, and, having been connected with the law from his early days, he held posts of some importance in the Chinese judicial service under the Empire. After the revolution of 1911 he played a prominent part in Republican politics, and was twice Vice-Minister of Justice, the second time under Li Yuan-hung's presidency in Peking. Always a revolutionary and an admirer and follower of the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen, he attached himself to the latter at Canton during the later years of the republic and drifted with his chief more and more to the left until they finished up in the arms of the Russians, with the results which are now common knowledge throughout the world. Although he is not, I am told, a member of the Chinese Communist party, he appears to rank amongst the most extreme of the left wing of the Kuo Min-tang and gives one the impression of being somewhat of a political fanatic. If I remember rightly he was amongst the individuals proscribed as dangerous Communists by Tuan Ch'i-jui after the shooting of the students in Peking following on the Taku affair in March, 1926, when he made good his escape to Russia.\n\n3. I enquired of Mr. Hsü whether he could tell me something about the judicial system of the Nationalist Government, e.g., whether the existing Chinese codes and procedure and courts had been adopted in their entirety by the Nationalist Government. Mr. Hsü replied that the laws in use were substantially the same in bulk, but that there were some important modifications of detail, and that the work of codification and revision was now in progress. There were also certain new codes, such as that governing counter-revolutionary offences. In answer to my further enquiries Mr. Hsü gave me, in the course of conversation, the following additional information.\n\n4. The law courts (termed simply Fa T'ing, i.e., law court) themselves were not entirely the same as the Shen P'an Ting of Republican China. For one thing the arrangements in regard to the procurates (which under the system as we know it are attached to all the Shen P'an Ting) were different. Other alterations aimed at greater simplicity of procedure and the elimination of delay in litigation, the latter being notorious under the old system. Then there were the Peoples Courts, in which one of the two judges was chosen by popular election. These Peoples Courts (which I suspect to have some connection with the labour unions) had jurisdiction in civil cases up to a certain amount and in criminal cases could impose sentences up to a year's imprisonment. Means were provided, in the interests of popular justice, for direct appeals from the lower courts to the Supreme Court. Many of the original judges remained, but, as Mr. Hsü was careful to explain, they were being reappointed to new posts and not being retained in their original offices. In conclusion, I enquired what ...\n\nPage 118",
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        "page_number": 118,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 119 \n## 2 \n\nMr. Hsü's relations were with Dr. Wang Chung-hui, generally regarded as pre-eminent amongst Chinese jurists and the father of much of modern Chinese law. Mr. Hsü reminded me that he had worked in Peking in former days as Dr. Wang's Vice-Minister, but said that they now no longer saw altogether eye to eye, as Dr. Wang's ideas were rather too conservative.\n\n5. The impression I received from the conversation was that we are likely to meet with very great difficulties over all points where foreign interests and foreign diplomacy come in contact with the Chinese judiciary, as, for instance, in the case of the Shanghai Mixed Court and any arrangements that may be contemplated for the gradual abolition of extra-territoriality, at any rate as long as Mr. Hsü remains Minister of Justice; that if he remains in office or the ideas he represents continue, much of the work of the Extra-territoriality Commission will have been in vain; and that if, as I gather to be the case, the laws and judicial system of Nationalist China are still very much in process of formation, it will be very difficult to make any progress at present, so far as the Nationalist Government are concerned, with that part of our treaty alteration offer relating to the enforcement of Chinese laws in British courts.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nERIC TEICHMAN.",
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    {
        "id": 508151,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 119,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n# CHINA\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n## 120\n\n[May 21, 1927.]\n\n### SECTION 2.\n\n`F 4841/398/10`\n\n## No. 1.\n\n### Mr. Teichman to Sir Austen Chamberlain.-(Received May 21.)\n\nMR. E. TEICHMAN presents his compliments to His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and has the honour to transmit herewith copy of a despatch addressed to His Majesty's Minister at Peking on the subject of an interview with the Minister of Justice of the Nationalist Government.\n\nHankow, March 27, 1927.\n\n### Enclosure in No. 1.\n\n(No. 30.)\n\nSir,\n\n#### Mr. Teichman to Sir M. Lampson.\n\nHankow, March 28, 1927.\n\nI HAVE the honour to report that a week ago I met Mr. Hsü Chien, the Minister of Justice of the Nationalist Government, and took the opportunity to make some enquiries about the courts and the judicial system in the regions under the control of that Government.\n\n2. Mr. Hsü has had a remarkable career. A native of Anhui, he was a scholar of the old régime, and, having been connected with the law from his early days, he held posts of some importance in the Chinese judicial service under the Empire. After the revolution of 1911 he played a prominent part in Republican politics, and was twice Vice-Minister of Justice, the second time under Li Yuan-hung's presidency in Peking. Always a revolutionary and an admirer and follower of the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen, he attached himself to the latter at Canton during the later years of the republic and drifted with his chief more and more to the left until they finished up in the arms of the Russians, with the results which are now common knowledge throughout the world. Although he is not, I am told, a member of the Chinese Communist party, he appears to rank amongst the most extreme of the left wing of the Kuo Min-tang and gives one the impression of being somewhat of a political fanatic. If I remember rightly he was amongst the individuals proscribed as dangerous Communists by Tuan Ch'i-jui after the shooting of the students in Peking following on the Taku affair in March, 1926, when he made good his escape to Russia.\n\n3. I enquired of Mr. Hsü whether he could tell me something about the judicial system of the Nationalist Government, e.g., whether the existing Chinese codes and procedure and courts had been adopted in their entirety by the Nationalist Government. Mr. Hsü replied that the laws in use were substantially the same in bulk, but that there were some important modifications of detail, and that the work of codification and revision was now in progress. There were also certain new codes, such as that governing counter-revolutionary offences. In answer to my further enquiries Mr. Hsü gave me, in the course of conversation, the following additional information.\n\n4. The law courts (termed simply Fa T'ing, i.e., law court) themselves were not entirely the same as the Shen P'an T'ing of Republican China. For one thing the arrangements in regard to the procurates (which under the system as we know it are attached to all the Shen P'an Ting) were different. Other alterations aimed at greater simplicity of procedure and the elimination of delay in litigation, the latter being notorious under the old system. Then there were the Peoples Courts, in which one of the two judges was chosen by popular election. These Peoples Courts (which I suspect to have some connection with the labour unions) had jurisdiction in civil cases up to a certain amount and in criminal cases could impose sentences up to a year's imprisonment. Means were provided, in the interests of popular justice, for direct appeals from the lower courts to the Supreme Court. Many of the original judges remained, but, as Mr. Hsü was careful to explain, they were being reappointed to new posts and not being retained in their original offices. In conclusion, I enquired what...",
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    {
        "id": 508152,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 120,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n2 \n\nMr. Hsü's relations were with Dr. Wang Chung-hui, generally regarded as pre-eminent amongst Chinese jurists and the father of much of modern Chinese law. Mr. Hsü reminded me that he had worked in Peking in former days as Dr Wang's Vice-Minister, but said that they now no longer saw altogether eye to eye, as Dr. Wang's ideas were rather too conservative.\n\n5. The impression I received from the conversation was that we are likely to meet with very great difficulties over all points where foreign interests and foreign diplomacy come in contact with the Chinese judiciary, as, for instance, in the case of the Shanghai Mixed Court and any arrangements that may be contemplated for the gradual abolition of extra-territoriality, at any rate as long as Mr. Hsü remains Minister of Justice; that if he remains in office or the ideas he represents continue, much of the work of the Extra-territoriality Commission will have been in vain; and that if, as I gather to be the case, the laws and judicial system of Nationalist China are still very much in process of formation, it will be very difficult to make any progress at present, so far as the Nationalist Government are concerned, with that part of our treaty alteration offer relating to the enforcement of Chinese laws in British courts.\n\nI have, &c.  \n**ERIC TEICHMAN**\n\n\nPage 121",
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    {
        "id": 508153,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 121,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Confidential\n\nDowning Street, May 28, 1927\n\nSir,\n\nI have, etc., to transmit to you, for your information, the accompanying copy of a despatch which I have addressed to the Govrs. of the Straits Settlements and Hong Kong, on the subject of the negotiations now in progress with certain authorities in China, during the course of which it is hoped that it will be possible to conclude an arrangement for the protection in China of British subjects of Chinese race.\n\n2. I am not unmindful of the decisions contained in the correspondence marginally noted that, as British protected persons, Chinese born or naturalised in the Malay States, are entitled to the same degree of protection when in China, as British subjects of\n\n`15545` HCv am? Aug 192? (`45218/23`) SAS Kit 3.3 Ich 19-5 (`46713/23`) Her 15 Sofs 2 Sept- 1925 (`44043/25`) Sys li Her 19 Oct 1925 (`44043/25`)\n\n1 JUN 1927  \n9 JUN 1927  \nCopy dep 1: Save May 26 (No!)\n\nDistribution list:\n- Mr. Lutterbuck\n- Jr. Bukulé\n- Mr. E. J. Harding\n- Sir C. Strachey\n- Sir J. Shuckburgh\n- Sir G. Grindle\n- Sir C. Davis\n- Sir S. Wilson\n- Mr. Ormsby-Gore\n- Earl of Clarendon\n- Mr. Amery\n\nDRAFT. FEDERATED MALAY STATES. UNFEDERATED MALAY STATES.",
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    {
        "id": 508154,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 122,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "123\n\nof Chinese race.\n\nI find it necessary to warn you, however, that although every endeavour will be made to ensure the negotiation of some satisfactory arrangement, I consider it not improbable that in the course of negotiations the Chinese authorities will raise greater difficulties in the case of British protected persons than in the case of British subjects. It would be of assistance to me, therefore, if you would consider the proposals from this aspect, and would furnish me with your suggestions as to how the minimum requirements of the Malay States' Governments could best be met.\n\nI have, etc.\n(Signed) L. S. AMERY,",
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    {
        "id": 508155,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 123,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Confidential\n## 30014/27 HK\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to invite reference to my telegram of the 8th of March, and to previous correspondence on the subject of negotiations with authorities in China, and to inform you that the question of negotiating an arrangement for the protection of British subjects of Chinese race, when in China, has been engaging my serious attention.\n\n2. As you are aware, His Majesty's Government have announced their readiness, as part of a general settlement of existing differences in China, to recognise the validity of Chinese laws, with few exceptions, and to apply these laws in the Consular Courts throughout China.\n\n## Distribution List\n* Mr. Clutterbuck\n* Jr. Becker 574\n* Mr. Ellis\n* Mr. E. J. Harding\n* Sir C. Strachey\n* Sir J. Shuckburgh\n* Sir G. Grindle\n* Sir C. Davis\n* Sir S. Wilson\n* Mr. Ormsby-Gore\n* Earl of Clarendon\n* Mr. Amery\n\n## Metadata\n* `M Downing Street`\n* `DRAFT`\n* `16, PO for C.D. 24 MAY`\n* `23/5/27 003`\n* `To go in draft 15 FO for concurrence`\n* `1 JUN 1927`\n\n## References\n* Telegram of the 8th of March\n* Previous correspondence on negotiations with authorities in China\n* `HL. 7-1.5. Cooh- Como`\n* `GR...` (missing text) ...`XCR(85)72` is not present, but `GR 1178/1922/32(III)` is not present either, however `30014/27 HK` is present.",
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    {
        "id": 508156,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 124,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "125\n\napplied would be the Chinese Nationality Law which is, of course, based on the **jus sanguinis** and not the **jus soli**. Under this law any person of Chinese descent wherever born, remains Chinese unless formal steps have been taken for the acquisition of foreign nationality. The procedure described involves the production of a certificate from the Chinese Ministry of the Interior and is limited to persons who, being not less than 20 years of age, are *sui juris*. Among the conditions laid down are that military service must either have been performed or remitted. For all practical purposes, therefore, these provisions are of little value in assisting Chinese abroad to divest themselves of Chinese nationality, and recognition of the Chinese nationality law if unaccompanied by any modification of that law would clearly invalidate any abandonment of our claims to protect British subjects of Chinese descent in Chinese territory.\n\n3.\n\nI had hoped that it would be possible, during or after general negotiations, to press... \n* L.E. no doubt according to the Chinese system of calculating ages, by which a person of 18-19 (on our system) is 20. But the context should make this clear.\nH.B.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508157,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 125,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "the Chinese authorities to amend the \nChinese Nationality Law with a view to \nfacilitating the divesting by Anglo-\nChinese of Chinese nationality. As \nstated, however, in my telegram under \nreference, Dr. Wellington Koo has already \ndeclared that it would be impossible to \nalter the Chinese nationality law. \nMoreover, it would be regarded as certain that the \nNationalist Government would not take an \naccommodating view. I am now advised by the \nSecretary of State for Foreign Affairs \nthat no opportunity is likely to occur \nduring negotiations for pressing amendment \nof the law, and indeed, that H.M.G. will \nnot properly be able to apply such pressure. \nIn these circumstances, the only hope of \nsecuring the objects in view lies \nin negotiating a working arrangement with \nthe Chinese authorities under which, while \nall British subjects of Chinese race would \ncontinue to possess double nationality...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508158,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 126,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "as heretofore, the Chinese authorities would abstain from claiming as Chinese citizens, certain classes of British subjects of Chinese race when in China, and would admit our right to treat them as British.\n\n4. For such a working arrangement the **modus vivendi** arranged with the Chinese by the Netherlands Government affords a useful precedent. For particulars of the Dutch arrangement I would refer to my predecessor's **Confidential** despatch of the 6th September 1922. The gist of the arrangement is that lists of Dutch subjects of Chinese origin (i.e., persons of Chinese origin born in the Netherlands East Indies of parents settled there) registered at Dutch Consulates in China, are regularly furnished by the Dutch Consuls to the local Chinese authorities, who are thereby presumed to recognise the foreign nationality of the individuals in question. It is understood that this arrangement has, on the whole, worked \n\n42238/22 \nwhich in their case includes Dutch subjects of the first generation,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508159,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 127,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 128 \n\n? Substitute 7% \n\nI understand that in spite of the distractions of the civil war, some progress is made with Kin discussions and worked reasonably well from the Dutch point of view. Prima facie, the arrangement is so wide that if literally applied equally it would doubtless meet all the requirements on which the Malayan and Hong Kong Governments have hitherto insisted, and Sir Miles Lampson has been authorised in connection with the negotiations initiated in March with the Peking Government, to endeavour to obtain Chinese concurrence in an arrangement on similar lines. It would appear that the present political situation is not sufficiently stable to admit of these negotiations being pursued.\n\nAnd I suggest that no opportunity may be lost of pressing for a satisfactory conclusion to the negotiations. Doubtless the day will come, however, when negotiations will again be practicable and, in the meantime, I consider that it would be very desirable if the Governments interested were to re-examine the questions involved with a view to deciding how far concessions should be made.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508160,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 128,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "129\n\nCan reasonably be made to Chinese sentiment. It is not clear whether application of the Sino-Dutch arrangement has been limited in practice, but it must, in any case, be anticipated that the Chinese in negotiating any similar arrangement to cover the cases of British subjects will seek to restrict its application to certain classes. The difficulties previously experienced in settling the cases entitled to British protection in China are therefore likely to recur, and in this connection I would explain that the view taken in the Foreign Office is that it is no longer possible to insist on the protection of Anglo-Chinese of the first generation, i.e., persons born in wedlock of Chinese parents at this time considered British subjects. In expressing your views on this question you will doubtless not have overlooked the difficulties experienced by Consular officers in China. The aim of large numbers of Chinese visiting China, who are admittedly British subjects and protected persons of Chinese origin, is to secure the best of both worlds; thus, they expect on arrival in China...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508161,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 129,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "130 \n\nlive in China and be accepted as Chinese, \nfree from the restrictions imposed by Treaty on British subjects, and yet, as soon as they get into difficulties they appeal to the nearest Consul and claim protection as British subjects. It has occurred to me that if the Chinese authorities raise objections to the conclusion of an arrangement similar to that with the Dutch, it might be possible to adopt a new line of approach and to insist only on the protection of those British subjects who are undoubtedly domiciled in British or British-protected territory, and who only visit China at infrequent intervals and for short periods. \n\nYou will be better able to judge whether an arrangement on these lines, if it were practicable, would meet the essential requirements of the various Governments, and I shall be glad to receive your considered observations, both on this point and on the question generally, in due",
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    {
        "id": 508162,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 130,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \ndue course. In the meantime you will doubtless have kept in touch with His Majesty's Minister at Peking as requested in my telegram of the 8th of March.\n\n6. (9) A similar reply is being addressed to the Governor of Hong Kong.\n\nI have, etc.\n\n(Signed) L. S. AMERY\n\nPage 130  \nPage 131",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508163,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 131,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "(F3545/348/10)\n\nFOREIGN OFFICE, S.W.1.\n\n29th April, 1927.\n\n15\n132\n\nDear Grindle,\n\nIn reply to your letter of the 9th April, enclosing draft of a despatch which it is proposed to send to the Governors of the Straits Settlements and Hongkong, the negotiations with regard to Treaty alteration have not faded away and some progress is in fact being made. I would suggest therefore that the passage on page 6 of the draft, indicating that the negotiations are in abeyance should be amended. I would further suggest a slight alteration in the last sentence at the bottom of page 7. This might begin: \"The aim of large numbers of British subjects and protected persons of Chinese origin visiting China, etc.\"\n\nI doubt the advisability of assuring the High Commissioner of the Malay States that, in any arrangement negotiated, no distinction will be drawn between the Chinese born or domiciled in the Malay States and Chinese born or domiciled in the Straits Settlements or Hongkong. In theory the position of a person of Chinese race who is a subject of a Malay State ought to be the same for this...\n\nSir G. Grindle. K.C.M.G., C.B.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508164,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 132,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "133\n\nFor this purpose, such a person is considered a British subject, but in practice, it is possible that the Chinese may make more difficulties about the former. It would perhaps be better, therefore, not to commit ourselves to the extent suggested in the last paragraph of your letter under reply, but merely to state that we will do our best to secure some satisfactory arrangement with regard to British protected persons of Chinese race born or domiciled in the Malay States.\n\nYours ever,\n**George Mounsey**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508165,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 133,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# \nThis Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government, and should be returned to the Foreign Office if not required for official use.]\n\n14 \n134 \n\n`(F3193/1410/10)` \n\n**Code telegram to Sir M. Lampson (Peking)** \n\nForeign Office, 12th April 1927, 6.45 p.m. \n\n**(R)** \n\nNo. 269. \n\nDIXIEZENIX \n\nYour telegram No. 533 (of April 4th, Chinese law in British Courts). The work to be done appears to fall into two divisions, namely (1) the ascertainment of the Chinese laws to be applied in our Courts, which can only be done in China, and (2) the preparation of an amending Order in Council which will enable the Chinese laws to be applied as and when they are enacted, communicated to us and recognised as falling within the scope of our offer. This part of the work must be done here, but with the assistance of the Board of Trade and such local experts as may be available at home, it should not be necessary to employ anybody from outside.\n\nThe preparation of the Order in Council will necessarily take some time, but a considerable time must also elapse before a solution is found of the difficulties you refer to with regard to Chinese laws, or the situation is such as to render it possible for such laws to be applied in all our Courts throughout China.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508166,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 134,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# CILINA\n\n**Decode, Sir M. Lempson, (Peking)**\n\nD. 7th April 1927.  \n11.20 p.m. 7th April 1927.  \nR. 9.0 a.m. 8th April 1927.\n\nNo. 641, (R).  \nAddressed to Tientsin No.61.  \nMy telegram No.53.\n\nWai Chiao-pu inform me that their delegates leave for Tientsin tomorrow and ask that first meeting be held at commissioner for foreign affairs' office on Saturday morning. Delegation will consist of 7 members, 4 original Wai Chiao-pu nominees and 3 nominated by Mukden party.\n\nPlease arrange meeting accordingly.\n\nRepeated to Foreign Office.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508167,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 135,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "December 136 \n\nWith my regards' \n\nCompliments \n\n\n\nApril 6, 1927.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508168,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 136,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "**[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government, and should be returned to the Foreign Office if not required for official use.]**\n\n# CHINA\n\n## Decode\n\nFrom M. Lampson (Peking);\nApril 4th, 1927.\n\nD. \n2.00 p.m. April 4th, 1927.\n\nNo. 598.\n\nR. \n**(R)**\n2.10 p.m. April 4th, 1927.\n\nYour telegram No. 135 and my telegram No. 373. Legal Commission with Mr. Garstin as British delegate have commenced their work. No terms of reference having been agreed on (see my telegram No. 508) I have given Garstin the draft terms of reference I took down to Wai Chiao-pu as a guide to work on. They are as follows: \"The Commission will file a list of the modern Chinese law courts referred to in proposal number 1 (of British offer of January 28th). The Commission will report:\n\nA. What codes and subordinate legislation come within ambit of proposal number 3;\n \nB. The legal authority in each case for levy of any taxation suggested as coming under proposal number 4.\n\nAny further points not covered by this which Chinese may raise in the course of their discussions can be considered on their merits.\n\nOne of the difficulties which has not so far been solved is question of how far any particular law is recognized throughout China. Garstin is assured by his Chinese colleagues that general law is universally applied though in certain cases variations in, for instance, law of contract may have been introduced by the more radical southern government.\n\nPage 137",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508169,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 137,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "138 \n\n2 \n\nI had previously discussed the matter both with Mr. Hoo and more especially Dr. Wang Chung-hui but was only able to get general assurance from them on the point. Dr. (Tang) promised to consider how our difficulty could be met but he has now gone to Shanghai without making any suggestion. \n\nI hesitate to make any enquiry at Hankow as Chen would probably decline to answer on the ground that he does not recognize anything done at Peking. Best course, therefore, seemed to be for Carstin to obtain from his colleagues some formal statement of what laws coming within the scope of our offer to Peking government claim to be in force throughout China. When texts of these laws have been collected we must consider the position further. Owing to the continued extension of influence of the Nationalist government we may very soon have to suspend all discussion here on our treaty revision programme as this government is becoming more and more unrepresentative of anything. \n\nGarstin thinks ground having been almost entirely covered by the extra-territoriality commission work of his commission will take very short time, probably less than a month. \n\nThe question will then arise of practical application of laws in British courts, which will involve amendment of our orders, King's regulations, issue of instructions to Consular courts, etc., and on the question of who is undertaking this work of amendment I have been in consultation with Judge Crain. \n\nGarstin, having never practised at the bar, I do not consider he is qualified to do such highly technical work. Judge Crain's opinion is that even...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508170,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 138,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "131 \n\nwith assistance of the Crown advocate Garstin could not carry it out alone. In any case his health is indifferent and I have had definitely to promise him his home leave before the summer.\n\nJudge, who has had experience of previous unsuccessful attempts, notably, in Egypt and Turkey to apply native law in British courts is evidently sceptical of any greater success in China. He informs me it involves very much more than mere amendment of Orders-in-Council and that single-handed in Supreme Court of Shanghai it would be quite out of the question for him to undertake the work. The most that he could do would be to give advice from time to time. Last Order-in-Council was, he tells me, drawn up by Foreign Office legal adviser and judges and took over a year to complete.\n\nHe has put forward tentative suggestion that drafting committee should be formed at home consisting of practising barrister of the King's Bench, company lawyer, member of legal department of Foreign Office and Garstin, when he goes on leave, for the purpose of utilising his knowledge of Chinese codes and his knowledge of Chinese. In addition to these, Mr Skinner Turner would perhaps be available and also King, Registrar of Supreme Court who is also going on leave at the end of April.\n\nHis suggestion appears to me eminently practical; in fact I do not see any alternative to it. I should be glad of an early reply to this as various arrangements are dependent on it.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508171,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 139,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## DRAFT.\n\n**C.**\n\n**R 7 APR 1927**\n\nG.A. MOUNSEY, ESQ., C.M.G., O.B.E.  \nForeign Office.\n\n30014/27 HK:  \nDowning Street,  \n11 April, 1927.\n\nDear Mounsey,\n\nYou will remember our discussions about Anglo-Chinese. The negotiations in Peking do not appear after all to have been renewed, and any likely chance will no doubt now fade away altogether. None the less, we think it desirable to send interested Governments a summary of our conversations here, and to ask them to consider what concessions they can reasonably make in the event of our having difficulty later on in securing ...\n\nMr. Clutterbuck  \nMr. Beckett 574  \nMr. Ellis  \nE. J. Harding.  \nMr. Strachey.  \nSir J. Shuckburgh.  \nSir G. Grindle.  \nSir C. Davis.  \nSir S. Wilson.  \nMr. Ormsby-Gore.  \nEarl of Clarendon.  \nMr. Amery.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508172,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 140,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "an arrangement similar to that of the \nDutch. We have, therefore, drafted \nthe enclosed despatch and shall be glad \nto know whether you concur in its terms. \nThe draft deals only with one form of dual nationality - British and Chinese.\n\nThere is one point, however, which ought to be made clear, and that is that in the arrangement arrived at we must include also the Chinese born in Johore, or Kelantan and other Malay States who, though not British subjects, are nevertheless British protected persons and are entitled, when in China, to the same degree of protection as British subjects (see correspondence ending with our letter No. `44043/25` of the 14th October 1925).\n\nWe propose, if you agree, to send a copy of this despatch to the H.Cr. for the Malay States, assuring him that in any arrangement eventually we may have to deal with another kind of dual nationality.\n\nPage 141",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508173,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 141,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## DRAFT\n142\n\nMr. VE. J. Harding.  \nMr. Strachey.  \nSir J. Shuckburgh.  \nSir G. Grindle.  \nSir C. Davis.  \nSir S. Wilson.  \nMr. Ormsby-Gore.  \nEarl of Clarendon.  \nMr. Amery.\n\narrangement which it may be found possible to negotiate, no distinction will be drawn between the Chinese born in the Malay States and the Chinese born in the Straits Settlements or Hong Kong & domiciled or domiciled born in ...\n\nBut if you would like more time for the consideration of their case, I would suggest that we might get off the despatch in so far as it relates to the Colonies tradi... from without delaying for ...\n\nExh. Examination of the problem of protected persons.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508174,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 142,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "Str. TAC 7/3 Mr. Beckel 8/3\nMr. Ellis 8/3\nE. J. Harding.\nMr. Strachey.\nSir J. Shuckburgh.\nSir G. Grindle.\nSir C. Davis.\nSir S. Wilson\nMr. Ormsby-Gore.\n8/3.\nEarl of Clarendon.\nMr. Amery.\n\n**Convon**\nC30014/27 HK\nFO Concur\nSent 9-15 p.\nImportant For Hongkong\n\nDRAFT. File (5) Your tel 22\n(6)\n\n8/3/27.\nL.M.\nJan Anglo Chinese\nYou will have seen from Peking No 323 of 23 Feb.\nIkal koo\n\nWhy 1.7% conf LF\n3-3-2\n(7)\nSaid that it would be impossible to alle Chinese nationality law\nmay be regarded as\nNationalist Govt. would take ike same line o\n\nProposals for facilitating Chinen nationality \n1/= divestment of",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508175,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 143,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "144 \n\nwould of course facilitate an alteration of the law \n\nFor consider that they \n\nand \n\nour representatives \n\nare not in a \n\nposition \n\nto express them but that our \n\nonly hope of gaining \n\nour \n\nends \n\nis to endeavour to negotiate \n\na working arrangement whereby \n\nwe shall while continuing double nationality with Chinese abstain from \n\nclaiming \n\nas \n\nChinese citizens certain classes of British subjects of \n\nChinese race \n\nwhen in China and \n\nwill admit our \n\nright \n\nto treat them \n\nas British. Lampson has therefore \n\nbeen authorised to try for \n\nan \n\narrangement \n\n`42238/22` \n\non the lines of that with the Dutch \n\nIt appears to me on 6 Sept 1922 \n\nthe Dutch arrangement appears so wide \n\nif applied literally probably, \n\nthat it would give us all ...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508176,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 144,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## DRAFT\n\nMr. E. J. Harding. \nMr. Strachey. \nSir J. Shuckburgh. \nSir G. Grindle. \nSir C. Davis. \nSir S. Wilson. \nMr. Ormsby-Gore. \nEarl of Clarendon. \nMr. Amery.\n\nBut its application has been restricted in practice and we must be prepared to consider what concessions we can make. In our endeavour to reach an arrangement, we will limit our claims to certain classes of Anglo-Chinese cases.\n\nYou should keep in touch with Lampson, who has been instructed to keep in close touch with Peking. See Peking No. 176 of 4 March and keep currently informed. Repeat to Singapore the relevant portion of this telegram.\n\n`Peking No. 176 of 4 March`",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508177,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 145,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# \n! This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government, and should be returned to the Foreign Office if not required for official use.\n\n146\n\n`(F 1777/2/10)`\n\n**CLONA**\n\nCode telegram to Sir M. Lempcon, `(Peking)`\n\n5.10.p.m.  \nForeign Office, 4th March, 1927.\n\nNo. 176. `(R)`\n\nYour telegrams Nos. 323 (of February 23rd; Treaty alteration) and 365 (of March 2nd).\n\n1. Shanghai Mixed Court. You are authorised to reply as suggested in your telegram No. 365.\n\n2. Anglo-Chinese. Please see my telegram No. 36, paragraph 9, and last sentence of my telegram No. 92. We must, I suppose, take it that there is no possibility of obtaining any alteration of Chinese nationality law, and there can be no question of altering our own. We must therefore recognise that persons concerned will continue to be of double nationality, and should aim at a working arrangement under which Chinese would abstain from claiming as Chinese citizens certain classes of British subjects of Chinese race when in China and would admit our right to treat them as British. Dutch arrangement provides a useful precedent, though we could not accept a wording which implies that any British subjects would lose their British nationality, which they would retain anyhow even if we gave up the right to protect them. Dutch arrangement appears to entitle all persons of double",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508178,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 146,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 2.\n\nThe question of double nationality to be treated as Dutch, subject to registration and communication of a list of registered persons to Chinese authorities. Such an arrangement would be acceptable to us, since it would seem impossible to decline to communicate lists of persons so registered to the Chinese, but we do not know to what classes of persons the Dutch arrangement has in practice been applied, and it seems probable that the South, if not Koo, would endeavour to limit our arrangement to certain classes of Anglo-Chinese. If so, it will be necessary to consider what concessions we can make, but in the first instance, you should try for an arrangement as wide as the Dutch. The Governor of Hongkong is being informed of the position and instructed to communicate his observations to you direct, and you should keep in touch with him in addition to informing me of any proposals the Chinese may make.\n\nWith regard to persons of Indian descent in Turkestan, the arrangement recently made between His Majesty's Consul-General at Kashgar and the Taoyin should suffice to eliminate all causes of friction and to demonstrate our desire to meet the Chinese in a friendly spirit (see Legation despatch No. 796 of November 3rd, 1926).\n\n## 3.\n\nShipping and navigation laws. Sir Skinner Turner is being consulted on the point raised.",
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    {
        "id": 508179,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 147,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 148\n\n3. raised, and his views will be communicated to you in a further telegram. In paragraph VII of my telegrams Nos. 36 and 92 I contemplated subjecting vessels registered for inland navigation to Chinese regulation as a preferable alternative to abandoning the right. Exclusion from the coastal trade would be a very severe blow to British interests and if we are faced with the alternative of withdrawing or submitting to Chinese regulations it might perhaps be possible to arrange that the enforcement of such regulations be entrusted to the Maritime Customs Administration.\n\n4. I approve your answer with regard to taxation. See my telegram No. 92 paragraph 1D.\n\n5. I approve your language in regard to concessions.\n\nRepeat to Tokyo, Shanghai for Commander-in-Chief, Canton for Hongkong, Tientsin.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508180,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 148,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "**[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government, and should be returned to the Foreign Office if not required for official use.]**\n\nPage 7  \nPage 149\n\n# CHINA\n\n**Decode.**\n\nSir M. Lampson,  \n**(Peking)**,  \nFebruary 23rd 1927.\n\n**D.**  \n10.50 p.m.  \nFebruary 23rd 1927.  \n**Ro**  \n9.0 a.m.  \nFebruary 24th 1927.\n\n**No.323.**  \n**(R).**  \n**Important.**\n\nMy telegram No.204.\n\nI called by appointment at Wai-chiao-pu on February 21st to receive Peking government's answer to our treaty alteration programme. Doctor Koo, whose attitude was far from showing any gratitude to us, commenced by saying that our offer, whilst going part way to meet China's wishes, dealt with specific questions only. He would, on the other hand, prefer to see the problem dealt with on the broad question of principles involved. China's aims were briefly - (1) tariff autonomy, (2) abolition of extra-territoriality, (3) abolition of inland navigation including coastal trade, and he would like discussion to be along lines of principles underlying each. As a practical man, he would admit that there would have to be stages.\n\nI pointed out that tariff autonomy had already been covered in principle in British policy memorandum of December 18th, provided that there was a national tariff. I could not, however, commence discussion on the basis of his three principles, as my authority was confined to the programme communicated to him.",
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    {
        "id": 508181,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 149,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "150 \n\nKoo made a half-hearted attempt to pursue the matter further by saying that our position was not quite logical. We had made an offer covering a number of points. Why could we not extend that offer to cover everything in treaties and do the thing in a manner the Chinese would most appreciate? \n\nI replied that this was out of the question. We had vested interests to consider and there must obviously be stages in the abandonment of our rights. He then agreed, without prejudice to the point of view just put forward, to take our programme as a basis for discussion and said he would that day merely explore the ground. \n\nThe following were the main points raised in the course of discussion (numbers refer to clauses of the `(grp. omtd.)` as handed to him on January 28th). \n\n1. Did the offer cover courts at Shanghai, which was the place where the largest number of mixed cases were heard? \n\nHe asked; I said the point had been in my mind but the mixed court was an international matter and if we surrendered the right, the only effect might be to put British cases under non-British assessors. I would therefore reserve my answer. (I had already called for the views of His Majesty's Consul General at Shanghai). I mentioned the question of British subjects being represented by British lawyers in Shenpankhai in accordance with your instructions. \n\n2.",
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    {
        "id": 508182,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 150,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 151 \n\n(3) \n\n2. Koo said it would be impossible to alter Chinese nationality law, but when I mentioned the Dutch arrangement, agreed to consider some working arrangement. I should be glad if the Foreign Office would give me general lines on which to work on this question. Would something on the lines of the Dutch arrangement be acceptable? It is, of course, a question which concerns the South much more than the North. Koo mentioned the protection of persons of Indian descent in Turkestan as a cause of friction.\n\n3. Application of Chinese laws in British Courts. I said this was a case for legal experts and pointed out the difficulty caused by the split between North and South. Could there not be representatives of both to meet our legal experts on neutral ground? Koo said that this was by no means out of the question, but I fancy the South will prove the chief difficulty. Koo enquired whether our offer included shipping and navigation laws, and I noted the question. Can Sir Skinner Turner supply an answer to this?\n\n4. Taxation. Koo pointed out that there was national, provincial, and local taxation; our offer read literally excluded the last two, which he assumed was not our intention. I replied that if taxation was legal and non-discriminatory, I felt pretty sure we could agree with him; and returned the same answer to his supposition that \"British subjects\" was meant to include British companies, etc.\n\n5. Concessions. Koo referred to my suggestion...\n\nPage 151 \nPage 150Page 151",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508183,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 151,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "(4) \n\n152 \n\nof local discussion in the first instance see my telegram No.204 and said he was prepared to accept this so long as the aim of the Chinese government was quite clear, namely relinquishment of concessions, though they were prepared to admit the necessity of a bridge to the ultimate destination. I replied I thought discussion must start from the fact that there were certain rights in existence which were to be gradually modified. Moreover, there were financial and landed interests of great importance which must be safeguarded. \n\nKoo replied that concessions were looked on nowadays as political affairs and the object was to incorporate them in Chinese territory. Asked if this implied ultimate deprivation of all municipal rights, he replied that it was hoped to introduce municipal government into Chinese cities and concessions would have to be merged in larger areas. I pointed out that in our concessions this already existed; in Chinese cities it did not; they must not bring the former down to the level of the latter but the other way round. \n\nIn the ensuing general discussion, I asked for authoritative texts regarding laws, taxation, regulations, etc. Koo said they could be supplied. He went on to",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508184,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 152,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \nA third ... to say that his present idea was that two committees would be necessary, one to deal with various legal questions, two to deal with concessions. ... might later be found necessary to deal with taxation and perhaps missionary questions. He suggested further discussion in about a week. Addressed to Foreign Office No.323, repeated to Tokyo, Shanghai for Commander-in-Chief, Canton for Hongkong and Tientsin by post.\n\n153",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508185,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 153,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Paraphrase Telegram from the Secretary of State for the Colonies to the Governor of Hong Kong\n\nSent 8:30 p.m., 27th January, 1927.\n\n154\n\nYour telegram 22nd January. As regards recognition of Nationalist Government, please see Foreign Office telegram to Peking No.424, to which it does not seem possible to add anything.\n\nWith reference to Foreign Office telegram No.36, your valuable observations are much appreciated by His Majesty's Government, but they do not feel able to answer in detail as all questions of detail must depend on progress of negotiations in accordance with general policy which has been announced. Full consideration has been and will be given to all the points which you raise, and you will, I am sure, realise that the utmost will continue to be done by His Majesty's Government to conserve all reasonable rights and privileges of British subjects in the very difficult circumstances. They fully appreciate, in particular, the importance of the question of Anglo-Chinese and a reasonable arrangement will, it is hoped, be come to about the Chinese law of nationality somewhat on the lines you suggest.\n\n**AMERY**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508186,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 154,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Paraphrase Telegram from the Governor of Hong Kong to the Secretary of State for the Colonies\n\nDated 22nd January.\n\n(Received Colonial Office 4:48 p.m. 22nd January, 1927).\n\nAddressed to Secretary of State for the Colonies repeated to Peking Telegram No.7 Canton and O'Malley.\n\n## Telegram\n\nWith reference to Foreign Office telegram No.35 Telegram No.36 to Peking, it is felt here that the proposed action is conceding to force points which ought to be settled by negotiation, and that the proposals made by His Majesty's Government presuppose a modern Government on orderly civilised lines, such as does not exist at the present time in any part of China; for almost everywhere there is civil war, and, except over main centres of population, regional authorities exercise very loose control.\n\nIn allowing Canton to secure Washington surtaxes illegally and unconditionally after a prolonged anti-British boycott followed by far-reaching surrender of privileges now contemplated consequent on the seizure of the British concession at Hankow, His Majesty's Government are, we feel, displaying a weakness which will encourage extremists in tearing up treaties and repudiating obligations and so lead eventually to war.\n\nSo long, moreover, as the Nationalist Government is not recognised, we cannot insist that it should assume obligations in return for what is surrendered: if recognition is accorded it, we could so insist.\n\nThere is no intention, we presume, that Great Britain alone should give up privileges and treaty rights while other Powers (e.g., Japan and France) continue to enjoy them.\n\n## The following are our observations on Telegram No.36",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508187,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 155,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## on details of proposals: - \nPage 156\n\n1 (a) Justice will depend very largely on individuality of judge, on salary he is paid, and on his independence of executive. In present state of China we have little hope of satisfaction on these points.\n\n1 (b) If the expression \"throughout China\" is inserted it appears to us likely to postpone this concession indefinitely and may well make it appear as an insincere prevarication. If omitted on the other hand, it would be necessary to examine any codes that the regional authorities promulgated before agreeing to apply them in British Courts. This concession, if granted, presupposes a code substantially reasonable and modern. Until satisfied that this exists and is enforced in accordance with modern and civilized ideas of justice we see very serious danger for mercantile interests. There appears to be no hope of obtaining justice in modern civilized sense under present existing Chinese law and administration.\n\nPresume there is no intention of applying Chinese law in British Courts in suits between British subjects.\n\n1 (c) Before expressing an opinion would be glad to receive a clearer indication of the meaning of \"subordinate legislation\".\n\n1(d) This presupposes that system of taxation and methods of collection are equitable. So inequitable are present methods that they arouse justifiable fears for the future e.g. in Canton and in other parts of China certain taxes are credibly reported to have been exacted by intimidation for three years in advance. The Chinese Section of the Canton...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508188,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 156,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 157\n\nCanton Kowloon railway was forced recently to pay a wholly illegal levy of one thousand dollars daily. Is it possible to suppose, should income tax be imposed, that actually it would be levied fairly on all alike?\n\n1(e) This, we consider, could very well wait until the code is promulgated. Before expressing an opinion, I should wish to receive further details of what would be entailed by this. I would, however, like it pointed out that it might result, for example, in a subservient court granting to a dominant war lord a writ for the arrest of a political opponent who resided in a **British concession**. That extra-territorial ships must be maintained, I fully agree. A most important point is that subjects should be allowed to be represented by British lawyers in Shenpanting.\n\nShould \n\n2 As regards Concessions. As you know, these exist because China refused to allow British to reside in China on the same terms as the Chinese reside in Great Britain. If concession privileges be given up, British subjects should be permitted to acquire land in China free. If concessions were to be controlled by the Chinese authorities or by a council having a Chinese majority, it might lead to the gradual elimination of British or foreigners generally by heavy rates and taxes enforced strictly only against British or foreigners. If any concession privileges are given up, it is important that the right to acquire and hold land in the neighbourhood of concession areas should be recognised. It would seem, judging from experience at Tsingtao, that rapid deterioration follows when concession areas are handed back to China.\n\n3.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508189,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 157,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "158\n\n3. With regard to Missionaries I would suggest that, instead of taking away the right to acquire land outside concessions, the right should rather be given to everyone. Valuable evidence as to the necessity or otherwise of retaining concessions would then be afforded by the treatment accorded to such purchasers.\n\n4. In the matter of Tariff, taxes in China are levied in many other important ways besides on goods. The perils of tariff autonomy are (a) unsound taxation (b) actual secret discrimination either deliberately or due to bribery (c) tariff wall against the most important British imports e.g. cotton goods at present and machinery in future. It should be stipulated if tariff autonomy is given that any new tariff must be prepared with expert advice.\n\nNo comments on 5, 6, 7, and 8, but as to 9, Anglo-Chinese it is regarded here as most important that reasonable methods should be devised whereby Anglo-Chinese can divest themselves of Chinese nationality if they so desire; and that a point be fixed at which Anglo-Chinese shall cease to possess dual nationality and become purely British. The third generation is suggested.\n\nTo conclude. Our opinion is that British proposals proceed too fast and that the fact is not sufficiently recognised that China is so unsettled at present and its standard of civilisation unfortunately differs so widely from ours that grave risk exists in allowing its various governing authorities the power over British subjects which the proposals of His Majesty's Government involve.",
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    {
        "id": 508190,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 158,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 30045/27.\n\n4 \n\n159 \n\n**PAR:PIKAMS** TolA from the Secretary of State for the Colonies to the Governor of the Straits Settlements.\n\n(Cent 6.25 p.m. 19th January 1927)\n\n**Secret. Chinese situation.**\n\n'O'Malley has been authorised to negotiate settlement of immediate difficulty of Kiakow concession on basis of majority control of administration by Chinese.\n\nHe has also been authorised to make generous offer to relinquish a number of treaty rights and privileges provided that Cantonese authorities are prepared in turn to negotiate a general settlement. Recognition of validity of Chinese Nationality Law would be included in this offer (see my telegram 11th January) with statement that Chinese would be expected to make some reasonable arrangement on the lines of that come to with the Japanese in order that our claims with regard to British subjects of Chinese race going to China temporarily for particular purposes and not habitually resident there might be met. In the event of the negotiations being declined or being rendered impossible Chen will be informed that it is our intention to take such steps as we think fit.\n\nIn any case regard for the protection of British lives no less than the disastrous effect which would be produced on the British position throughout the East by surrendering Shanghai to violence precludes the possibility of our policy being based on either the evacuation or the surrender of Shanghai. All preparations are therefore being made for the defence of the International Settlement by force.\n\nThis general indication of the policy of His Majesty's Government is conveyed to you at the earliest opportunity.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508191,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 159,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## In view of possible renewal of hostilities in China \nwould produce in Malaya. I should be glad if you would \ntelegraph appreciation of local effect of Shantung incident \nand of general attitude of Chinese in Malaya. \n\n**AMERY**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    {
        "id": 508192,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 160,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## PARAPHRASE TELEGRAM\n\nFrom the Secretary of State for the Colonies to the Governor of the Straits Settlements.\n\n(Sent 9.25 p.m. 11th January 1927)\n\nRepeat to Hongkong\n\n**Secret**. Chinese situation. It had been the intention of His Majesty's Government before the recent occurrences at Hankow to authorise His Majesty's Minister to resume conversations with Chen. What we had in view was the possibility (while keeping recognition in the background) of reaching an agreed programme for relinquishment of our specially privileged position in China.\n\nThe situation has been altered by the Hankow incident but resumption of conversations may none the less become possible. Should conversations be resumed, very considerable sacrifices may have to be made and I think it right to convey to you the following warning.\n\nIt may be that it will be necessary as part of a general settlement to recognise the validity of Chinese laws, including Chinese Nationality Law. This would of course mean that our claims to protect British subjects of Chinese descent in Chinese territory would have to be abandoned. It is not expected that it will be possible to embody any quid pro quo in the settlement, but the desirability of facilitating the divestment by Anglo-Chinese of the Chinese nationality will not be lost sight of, and it is hoped subsequently to negotiate an arrangement to this end.\n\nAMERY.\n\nPage 160 \nPage 161 \n\nrClutterbuck 11.1. \nir.Ellis 11.1 \nSir G.Grindle 11.1.27. \nSir S.Wilson S.H.W.11.1.27. \nat once.\n\nCAM ... 13/1/27",
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    {
        "id": 508193,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 161,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## ALERTITY WON 12 (2)",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508194,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 162,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "In any further communication on this subject, please quote `No.5799 1/10` and address—not to any person by name, but to— \"The Under-Secretary of State,\" Foreign Office, London, S. W. 1.\n\n`00-164/1`  \n162\n\n**THE Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs** presents his compliments to **the Under Secretary of state for the Colonies** and, by direction of the Secretary of State, transmits herewith copy of the under-mentioned paper.\n\nForeign Office, January 4, 1927.\n\n**RECEIVED**  \n- 5 JAN 1927  \n**COL. OFFICE**\n\n| Reference to previous correspondence: | Description of Enclosure | Subject |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Hm minister, Peking, no: 838. november 18. 1926. | despatch from Yeo yse Swel, | Robbery of a British subject, by Chinese. |\n| 14 (13341) 7/25 (2) |  |  |\n|  | Similar letter sent to | (14304) 3/26 |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508195,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 163,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "No. 92. & 3 Copies. Copy to Canton\n\nHongkong.\n\n**BRITISH CONSULATE,**\n\nOctober 28, 1926\n\n163\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to enclose herewith copies of correspondence between the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs and myself relative to the conduct of the local police in respect of a robbery in August last from the house of Mr. Teo Yee Swee, a British subject.\n\n2. Briefly, the circumstances were as follows. In the early morning of August 8, Mr. Teo Yee Swee's house was raided by a gang of robbers, who ransacked the building and stole articles valued at some $2,400. When the police appeared on the scene, the robbery had ceased and the police arrested Teo Yee Swee himself and all his servants and led them, bound like criminals, to the police station, where Teo was further insulted by having his feet chained together. He was not released till 3.0 p.m.\n\n3. The police not only ill-treated Teo but stole from his house the following articles:\n| Item | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2 | 12 bore shot guns |\n| 300 - 400 | cartridges for above |\n| 1 | old-fashioned revolver, no cartridges |\n| 1 | sporting rifle |\n| 1 | small revolver pistol |\n| 25 | rounds of ammunition for above |\n| Accessories | for loading cartridges |\n| 2 or 3 | bundles of keys |\n\nSir Ronald Macleay, K.C.M.G.\n\netc.\n\netc.\n\nHis Majesty's Minister,\n\nPeking. No. 4.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508196,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 164,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "164 \n\n4. \n\nThe Commissioner for Foreign Affairs informs me that three of the robbers have been arrested and shot, but I have only the word of the police for this and no evidence has been produced that such arrests and executions have been carried out, or that the men were actually concerned in the robbery in question.\n\n5. With regard to the arms removed from Teo's house by the police, the Commissioner refuses to give them up on the ground that they were not imported under licence, as required by the \"Rules and Regulations for the Importation of Arms and Ammunition\".\n\n6. \n\nWith regard to these arms, Teo explains that one of the shot guns belonged to the founders of the firm before he became manager. The other was bought by him locally last year. The 300 - 400 cartridges were also bought by him locally a few years ago. The two old revolvers originally belonged to the founders of his firm. A sporting knife was bought by him 20 years ago at Singapore. The Browning pistol and ammunition were purchased by him in 1919 or 1920 from a ship's captain in Swatow.\n\n7. \n\nWith the possible exception of the Browning pistol and ammunition, therefore, Teo Yee Swee appears to have acquired the above articles without infringing the Import of Arms Regulations. In any case, I submit that it is not for the police to take upon themselves to confiscate those articles. In my correspondence with the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, I have held that the police could return the articles intact to me and that if they suspect that they have been acquired by Teo in an illegal manner, they should",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508197,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 165,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 165\n\nshould prosecute him in this Consular Court.\n\nThere is no probability, however, that the articles stolen by the police will ever be returned.\n\n8.\n\nThe conduct of the police throughout the case has been disgraceful. The Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, it is true, has informed me that the officer in charge of the district in which Teo's house is situated has been dismissed, but I am, of course, unable to verify this statement.\n\n9.\n\nThe robbery took place eight days after the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs had written to tell me that the object of the police in taking a census of foreigners was to enable me to grant protection and to warn me that my refusal to comply with the census regulations might lead to misunderstandings (see my despatch No. 63 of August 17 last). It seems not unlikely that this case is a \"misunderstanding\" of the kind foreseen by the Commissioner; and I cannot help sharing Mr. Teo Kee Bwee's suspicion that the police were in collusion with the robbers, though it is impossible to produce any evidence in support of this suspicion.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour most obedient,\nhumble servant,\n**(sd.) Cecil Kirke.**\nConsul.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508198,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 166,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## COFI.\n\n23. 1926.\n\n**Memorandum for Foreign Affairs**\n\nBritish Consulate,\nSwatow,\nAugust 8, 1926.\n\n166\n\nSir,\n\nIt is reported to me that early this morning, between 1 and 2 o'clock, a large band of men, apparently robbers, with painted faces and wearing masks, broke into the house of Mr. Teo Tee Swee, east of the Standard Oil Company.\n\nI have not yet been able to learn all the details of this case, but I understand that the robbers ransacked the house and stole many articles of value.\n\nI am informed, though the news seems hardly credible, that the police, instead of arresting the robbers have arrested Mr. Teo Yee Swee and some of his servants, who are now detained at the Central Police Station, the police having taken possession of his house.\n\nI have the honour to request that you will telephone to the Central Police Station to order the immediate release of Mr. Teo Tee Swee and that a careful enquiry may be made into this extraordinary case without delay.\n\n(Signed)\nCecil KIRKE.\nConsul.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508199,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 167,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure No. 2 in Swatow No. 98 of October 15, 1926 \n\n167 \n\n**Mr. Conal Kirke to the Commissioner for Agrarian Affairs** \n\nBritish Consulate, \nSwatow, \nAugust 10, 1926. \n\nSir, \n\nI have the honour to refer you to my letter of the 8th instant informing you of a robbery early in the morning of that day at the house of Mr. Teo Yee Swee, a British subject. \n\nSince I wrote that letter, I have visited and inspected the premises and I have now received a full report on the matter from Mr. Teo Yee Swee.\n\nFrom this it appears that at about 12:30 a.m. on the 8th instant a gang of robbers, estimated to number about twenty, some of them wearing masks and others with their faces painted black and white, broke open the main gate of the compound, rushed through the garden and by means of a flag-stone, which they had prepared beforehand, burst open the front door of the house and entered it, carrying in their hands choppers, knives and torches made of bottles of kerosene with paper wicks. \n\nMr. Teo Yee Swee himself escaped from the house into the garden, where he hid himself, while the robbers ransacked the house throughout, opening every drawer and every cupboard, leaving the whole building in a state of indescribable disorder and taking away with them clothing and jewellery valued at several thousand dollars. \n\nIn the meantime, one of Mr. Teo Yee Swee's servants had managed without being noticed to leave the compound to call the police, and after some considerable time a body of armed police arrived on the scene. \n\nI have the honour to draw your particular attention to the very remarkable action taken by the police. \n\nAlthough",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508200,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 168,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 168 \n\n2.\n\nAlthough the side gate of the compound was opened for them to enter, they immediately arrested those who opened it and then seized and arrested Mr. Teo himself, notwithstanding the fact that at their request he had presented them with his visiting card. Mr. Teo and his three servants were bound as if they had been criminals and were led through the streets to the No. 4 Police Station, where, on the instructions of the Superintendent, Mr. Teo's feet were chained. After being put through an examination, during which the Superintendent told him that he had no right to possess a pistol and ammunition, he and his servants, the latter being bound, were taken to the Central Police Station, where they were detained in a corridor leading to the cells till about midday, when Mr. Teo Yee Swee's account of the affair was taken down in writing and he was intimidated into signing it, though he was not allowed to read or correct it.\n\nHe was finally informed that if the Hook Liu and Hook Cheong firms guaranteed him and his servants, they would be permitted to leave the Police Station, and the document having been prepared, they were released.\n\nAlthough Mr. Teo Yee Swee came straight to this Consulate, he did not arrive until nearly 4 o'clock in the afternoon, so that he must have been in the hands of the police for at least 12 or 14 hours.\n\nAs an instance of gross incompetence and lack of intelligence on the part of the police, this case is, in my experience, unparalleled. Not only did they prove of no assistance, they made no attempt whatever to pursue the robbers, but they actually seized, bound, and dragged off the very man who had been the victim of the robbery and detained him in police stations for 12 or 14 hours. Inasmuch as two minutes' intelligent questioning when the police first entered the compound would have established beyond a shadow of...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508201,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 169,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "169 \n\n3. \n\ndoubt the identity both of Mr. Teo and his servants, there \ncan be no excuse for this misconduct. \n\nNot content with treating Mr. Teo as a criminal, the \npolice have removed from his house two shot guns, with about \n300 or 400 cartridges, two old-fashioned revolvers with no \ncartridges, one sporting knife and the revolver with which he \nwas armed on the night in question. \nThey have also taken away two or three bunches of keys. \nFurther, to add to the \ndamage committed by the robbers, the police forced open two \nof Mr. Teo's wife's trunks containing clothing. In fact, \nthey themselves seem to have behaved no better than the \nrobbers whom it was their duty to pursue and arrest, and their \nattitude throughout the whole affair is almost incredible. \n\nThe fact that the victim of their brutality was a British \nsubject makes their action, if possible, the more condemnable, \nand I must lodge a most emphatic protest against the whole \nconduct of the police in this matter. \n\nI must also request you to note that the Superintendent's \nremark that Mr. Teo Yee Swee had no right to possess a \nrevolver and cartridges is incorrect. There is no regulation \nto prevent a respectable British subject from carrying a \nrevolver for self-defence; and the condition of lawlessness \nfrom which Swatow is now suffering and the complete helpless- \nness of the police in the matter of maintaining order show \nhow necessary it is for respectable persons to carry arms. \n\nFurther, I would ask you to note that as Mr. Teo Yee \nSwee signed the written statement in the Central Police \nStation without first reading it, nothing in it can be used \nagainst him. \n\nFurther, the police had no right to demand a guarantee \nfor a British subject, and the guarantee given by the Hook Lin \nand Hook Cheong firms is null and void, as regards Mr. Teo \nYee Swee because he is British and as regards his servants \nbecause...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508202,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 170,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "170 \n\nbecause those firms themselves are British. \n\nA list of stolen articles was drawn up by the police \nat the dictation of Mr. Teo's wife, but it is believed to be \nincomplete, and a list, as complete as possible, will be \nsupplied to you in a few days. \n\nI have the honour to request that the police officers \nresponsible for the gross mismanagement of and unpardonable \nbrutality in this affair may be severely punished and dismissed \nin disgrace, being a source of danger instead of protection \nto the community. \n\nI further request that strict instructions may be \ngiven to arrest the robbers and recover the articles stolen \nby them, and that the articles illegally removed by the \npolice may be restored to Mr. Teo Yee Swee without delay. \n\nI have etc. \n(Signed) \nCecil Kirke. \nConsul. \n\nPage 170\nPage 171",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 508203,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 171,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "Enclosure No. 3 in Swatow No. 92 of October 23, 1926.\n\nThe Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to Mr. Consul Kirke.\n\n171\n\nAugust 11, 1926.\n\n**COPY**\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 8th instant stating that at about 1 or 2 o'clock that morning a large band of robbers, with painted faces and wearing masks, broke into and robbed the house of Mr. Teo Yee Swee. The police, you were informed, instead of arresting the robbers, arrested Teo Yee Swee and some of his servants and took them off. You accordingly requested me to telephone to the Police and order their release.\n\nI accordingly gave the orders requested and instructed the Police to give me a detailed report on the affair.\n\nThe Chief of Police now reports that according to the report of the Head of the Detective Department, a disturbance was suddenly heard at Kislat at about 2 o'clock on the night of the 8th instant; a party of detectives and armed police was immediately led out and found that at about midnight, the residence of Mr. Teo Yee Swee of the Hook Cheong firm, near the Japanese Consulate, had been robbed. The party immediately separated to search, but owing to the darkness it was impossible to find any traces of the robbers.\n\nAs certain revolvers and ammunition were discovered in Mr. Teo Yee Swee's house, he accompanied the police to the station to be examined and was then released.\n\nI have instructed the Chief of Police Station to make careful secret enquiries and have strictly enjoined on them that they must trace and arrest the robbers and severely deal with them and discover and restore the stolen articles.\n\nI have etc.\n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508204,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 172,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure No. 4 in Swatow No. 92 of October 12, 1926\n\nMr. Consul Kirke to the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs.\n\n**JJPY.**\n\nSir,\n\n**British Consulate  \nSwatow,  \nAugust 13, 1926.**\n\n172\n\nWith reference to my letter of the 10th instant on the subject of the robbery from Mr. Teo Tee Swan's house, I have the honour to enclose herewith a list of the articles stolen. It may be incomplete, in which case a further list will be sent to you in due course.\n\nI enclose also a list of the articles wrongfully removed from Mr. Teo Yee Swee's house by the police.\n\nI again request that every effort may be made to trace and arrest the robbers and to recover the stolen property and that the police may be instructed to return to Mr. Teo Yee Swee without delay the articles which they took away from his house.\n\n(signed)  \nI have etc.  \n**Decil Kirke.**  \nConsul.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508205,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 173,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 8 in Swatow No. 92 of October 23, 1926\n\n173\n\n## The Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to Mr. Consul Kirke\n\nAugust 23, 1926\n\nSir,\n\n### Robbery from Teo Yee Swee's House\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter (of the 10th instant) relative to the robbery from Teo Yee Swee's house and the removal of Teo and his servants by the police to the police station for examination.\n\nIn compliance with my orders that the Chief of Police should supply me with a statement of the true facts of the case, he now reports as follows:\n\n\"The robbery took place in the middle of the night. When the police heard of it, they proceeded to the house but could not distinguish one person from another. Observing a large number of Teo Yee Swee's servants, the police thought this circumstance suspicious. Moreover, none of them stated distinctly that he was in the service of Teo Yee Swee, and they were therefore taken to the police station for removal to the Head Office.\n\nFurther, as it was then only just dawn, the police had to wait till daylight and the evidence then taken was duly reported.\n\n\"When the detectives examined the house, they found that the robbers had smashed the bolt of the gate, rushed up the stone steps and burst open the door. The owner of the house was asked what articles had been lost, but he could not say. The police, thinking that the robbers might have left behind dangerous weapons, made search, but did not break open any trunks containing clothes etc. Certain firearms and ammunition were produced, however, and if Teo has received a licence to possess arms for self-defence they will, of course, be returned to him.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508206,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 174,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "174\n\n\"The various statements \nmade in the British Consul's letter have been made in error. \n\n\"Strict instructions have been issued to all police stations to trace the stolen goods and to clear up the case, and in the meantime this report is submitted in accordance with your instructions\". \n\nThe above report is entirely at variance with the account of the affair given in your letter under reply. \n\nI have given instructions for the finding of clues to the crime and for the arrest of the robbers in order that the district may be cleared of them, and I now have the honour to send you this reply. \n\nThe list of stolen articles forwarded by you has been sent to the Police for reference. \n\nI have etc. \n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508207,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 175,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 5 in Swatow No. 96 of October 23, 1926\n\n## The Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to Mr. Consul Kirke\n\n### August 28, 1926\n\n### Robbery from Teo Yee Swee's House\n\n175\n\nSir,\n\nWith reference to the robbery from Teo Yee Swee's house, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 13th instant forwarding a list of the stolen articles, which was transmitted to the police office with instructions that the firearm and ammunition taken by them from Teo's house should be all returned.\n\nThe Chief of Police now states that on receipt of my orders he summoned Teo Yee Swee to exhibit his gun licences for inspection on which his firearm would be returned to him. To the surprise of the police, however, Teo did not obey the summons, an attitude which they find quite inexplicable and they are now suspecting that he possesses no licence. Further, the police find that Teo Yee Swee's list of firearms &c. does not tally with their own.\n\nThe police have sent me a list of the firearms &c., of which I now forward you copy. I have the honour to request that you will instruct Teo Yee Swee to send his gun licences for inspection.\n\nI have &c.,\n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508208,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 176,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 7 in Swatow No. 92 of October 23, 1926\n\n**Sir,**\n\n## BRITISH CONSULATE, SWATOW, AUGUST 28, 1926.\n\n176\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 3rd instant on the subject of the robbery from the house of Mr. Teo Yee (`w2`).\n\nThe police report embodied in your letter is, as you are aware, entirely at variance with the account of the affair given in my letter of the 10th instant, the reason being that most of the statements in the report are misleading, while all reference to the most important points is omitted. The report is, in fact, entirely worthless, being a mere attempt to conceal the gross inefficiency and outrageous behaviour of the police on that occasion.\n\nNo effort is made to explain why Mr. Teo Yeo Swee was bound and dragged off to the police station and his feet chained when he arrived there; or why he was transferred from the No. 4 Police Station to the Central Station and detained till about three o'clock in the afternoon. No mention is made of his being compelled to sign a deposition without knowing what had been written down. Indeed, it would be impossible to gather from reading the report that Mr. Teo himself had been arrested at all. All reference to these insolent acts is carefully omitted from the police report, nor is any valid excuse offered for depriving Mr. Teo Yee Swee, a British subject, of the arms and ammunition found in his house, nor for stealing his keys; and I am surprised that an official of your rank and position should...\n\nThe Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, SWATOW.",
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        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508209,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 177,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "177 \n\nshould have consented to submit to me so patently dishonest a presentation of the CAEC.\n\nI again request that one officer responsible for the \nKi management and brutality of one police in this affair may \nbe severely punished, censured, or disgraced as a danger to \njunior; man I expect to receive a suitable expression of \nregret for the unpardonable treatment met out by them to an \ninnocent British subject.\n\nWith respect to the arms and ammunition wrongfully \nremoved by the police from T. Teo Yee Sue's house, I have \nthe honour to inform you that he had my full permission to hold \nthese articles. The reference in the police report to the \nquestion whether or not he holds licences to possess firearms \nis not understood, as, where British subjects are concerned, \nthe matter is not one that falls under the jurisdiction of the \nChinese Authorities, I myself being the only authority com-\npetent to grant or withhold permission for British subjects \nto possess firearms.\n\nI renew my request, but will the two articles taken by \nthe police from T. Teo Yee Sue's residence may be sent \nforthwith to this Consulate, without further delay.\n\nIt is now twenty days since the robbery took place, \nbut I have not yet heard of the recovery of any of the \narticles stolen by the robbers. In addition to the articles \nenumerated in the list already sent to you, the following \narticles are found to have been stolen:\n\n| Item | Value |\n| --- | --- |\n| 50 cartridges belonging to a \"Flying Pigeon\" | $8.13 |\n| 2 pieces of wood | $4.00 |\n| 1 working tub | $7.00 |\n| 1 pair rubber soles | $2.00 |\n| 1 mosquito curtain | $15.00 |\n|  | $28.00 |\n\nI have the honour to be, \nSir, \nYour obedient servant, \n(Sd.) Cecil Kirke.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508210,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 178,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure to No. 92 of October 25, 1926\n\nThe Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to T. Connall Kirke.\n\n### September 4, 1926\n\nSir,\n\n**Theft from Too Yee Swee's House**\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 28th ult. on the subject of the robbery from Teo Yee Swee's house, in which you complain that many of the statements in the police report are misleading, while all reference to the most important points is omitted. You state that you are the only authority competent to grant or withhold permission for British subjects to possess firearms, and you request that the articles taken by them from Teo Yee Swee's house may be returned forthwith.\n\nI have instructed the Chief of Police to ascertain whether any material facts have been glossed over in the report.\n\nWith regard to the discovery in Teo Yee Swee's house of arms and ammunition, I have the honour to point out that in Section 3 of the new regulation drawn up by the Chinese Government respecting the import of arms and ammunition, it is stated that every respectable foreigner entering China from abroad may apply for a permit to import for self-defence 1 revolver and 500 cartridges. Thus a foreigner importing arms for self-defence must request the Chinese authorities for a permit and further he may only import 1 firearm and 500 cartridges.\n\nNow Teo Yee Swee has made no application for an import permit, and further the number of cartridges concealed in his house was in excess of 500, which clearly shows that he has broken the regulation. I am therefore unable to comply with your request to return the arms taken from him.\n\nI have etc.\n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508211,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 179,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## GOFY\n\nEnclosure No. 9 in despatch of October 23, 1925.\n\n179\n\nSir,\n\nTo\n\nThe Colonial Secretary to the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs.\n\n**British Consulate**\n\nSeptember 16, 1926.\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 4th instant in which you refuse to return the firearms and ammunition removed from Mr. Teo Tee Swee's house by the police in the early morning of August last, on the ground that he made no application for any import permit for those articles and that the cartridges in his possession were in excess of the number allowed.\n\nIn reply, I beg to inform you that no regulation exists which prevents British subjects from purchasing in China arms for self-defense or for sporting purposes. Further, the number of both pistol and sporting cartridges taken from Mr. Teo Yee Swee by the police was far less than the number allowed to be imported by a British subject in one year (500 and 3,000 rounds respectively).\n\nIn any case, I must remind you that if a British subject breaks any law or regulation, he can only be dealt with by his own authorities; and in no circumstances have the Chinese police the right to search his house and remove his property from his possession. If it is considered that Teo Tee Swee has in any way acted illegally, the proper course is to bring an action against him in this court.\n\nI must therefore renew my demand that the firearms and ammunition, as well as all the other articles, illegally removed by the police from Mr. Teo Yee Swee's house may be sent to this Consulate without further delay.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508212,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 180,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n\nI beg to refer you to my letters of August 10 and 28 last and to remind you that I have still received no explanation of the outrageous manner in which the police treated Mr. Teo Yee Swee on the night of the robbery from his house, or any expression of regret for their brutal and inexcusable conduct.\n\nI have already requested that the officers responsible for this display of incompetence and brutality may be severely punished and dismissed, and I have the honour to enquire whether this request has been complied with.\n\nI have etc.\n\n(sd.)  \n**Cecil Kirke**  \n**Consul**\n\nPage 180  \nPage 181",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508213,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 181,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure No. 10 in Swatow Despatch 92 of October 23, 1926\n\n### The Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to Mr. Vonsalžirke\n\n**181**  \nSeptember 13, 1920\n\n#### Robbery from Teo Yee Swee's House\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 16th instant, in which you state that no regulation exists which prevents British subjects from purchasing in China arms for self-defence or for sporting purposes, and request that the firearms and ammunition removed from Teo Yee Swee's house by the police may be returned. You further complain that my predecessor, Commissioner Lin, had not replied to your enquiry as to whether the police who had ill-treated Teo Yee Swee had been punished.\n\nIn reply, I beg to state that foreigners are not allowed to smuggle arms and ammunition into a port, and that in case of any breach of this regulation, the Maritime Customs will confiscate such articles. It is almost unnecessary to inform you of this, as it is stipulated in the treaties. Further, in Section 3 of the Revised Regulation for the Import of Arms and Ammunition, it is stated that every respectable foreign resident in China wishing to import one pistol and 500 rounds of ammunition for his own defence shall apply for a permit. This has been the procedure for many years and has not been questioned by the authorities of any country.\n\nIn April 1916, the Standard Oil Company at Shanghai proposed to purchase pistols and ammunition for the use of their installation watchmen for purposes of self-defence. The Commissioner for Foreign Affairs at Shanghai considered that this would be in contravention of the regulation and requested the United States Consul to prohibit the purchase. Thus, although the Chinese regulations do not expressly prohibit the purchase by foreigners in China of arms for self-defence...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508214,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 182,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n\n182 \n\nself-defence, yet such purchase is severely restricted. Then the robbery took place at Teo Tee Swen's house, police proceeded to the scene and fearing that the robbers might have left behind dangerous weapons, they made careful search, as they were in duty bound to do and discovered several foreign guns and a thousand cartridges. As Teo said that he had no import permit, the police thought he was breaking the regulations and they therefore took the firearms and cartridges to the Police Station. Their motion was the result of their proceeding to the house when the robbery was reported to them and was not a case of searching the house for no reason. There is therefore no question of jurisdiction.\n\nIn taking away the arms and ammunition, the police acted in a similar way to the Customs when they confiscate smuggled arms. For concealment, as well as smuggling, is a breach of the regulations under the Treaties, the confiscation of smuggled arms by the Customs does not necessitate any reference to the Consul, so why is there any necessity to report to you when the police removed Teo Yee Swee's arms? I am therefore unable to assent to your request to return the arms.\n\nWith regard to your statement that the police brutally ill-treated Teo Yee Swee, I have instructed the Chief of Police to make further enquiries and on no account to gloss anything over. Pending the receipt of his report, I have the honour to send you this reply.\n\nI have etc.\n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508215,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 183,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure no. 11 in Swatow No. 92 of October 25, 1926\n\n## The Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to Mr. Consul Kirke\n\n### Robbery from Teo Yee Swee's House\n\n#### October 6, 1926\n\n183\n\nSir,\n\nWith reference to your allegation that the police treated Teo Yee Swee brutally, the Chief of Police reports:\n\nThe robbery took place in the middle of the night. The police, seeing that Teo Yee Swee was nervous and flurried and that his utterances were wild and excited, became suspicious and accordingly took him to the police station. There they examined him and ascertained the facts and then released him. He received no ill-treatment. However, as the officer in charge of the No. 4 Police Station failed to carry out his duties in a proper manner, he has been relieved of his post.\n\nCh'en Te-shih, Ch'en Ju-tzu, Huang Jung-shen, three of the robbers in this case, have been arrested and shot.\n\nThe police could not prevent the robbery from happening; all they could do was to exert every endeavour to arrest the robbers. The officer in charge of No. 4 Station has been relieved of his post, and Teo Yee Swee's annoyance at being taken to the Police Station is no longer justifiable.\n\nI have the honour to request that you will inform Teo Yee Swee accordingly.\n\nI have etc.\n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508216,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 184,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 2 in Swatow dispatch\n\nSir,\n\nNo. 92 of October 23, 1926.\n\n**BRITISH CONSULATE,  \nSWATOW,  \nOCTOBER 23, 1926.**\n\n184\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letters of the 3rd ultimo and the 6th instant relative to the robbery on August 8 last at the house of Mr. To Yee Gwee.\n\nThe Regulations governing the import of arms and ammunition into China are well-known to me, and I do not, of course, question their validity; but those regulations provide no authority or excuse for the action of the Swatow police in removing certain arms and ammunition from Mr. To Yee Gwee's house.\n\nThe position is as follows: on visiting Mr. To Yee Gwee's house, the police discovered there certain arms and ammunition belonging to him. Neither the police nor any local authority possess any knowledge as to how he came by them, and unless it can be proved that he acquired them in an illegal manner, it must be presumed that he duly observed the regulations. The police have no right whatever to remove any articles from the house of a British subject on the alleged grounds that such articles have been smuggled into China at some previous date, unless the authority of this Consulate has been first obtained.\n\nIf it is suspected that he acted contrary to the regulations, it is for the proper authorities to prosecute him in the Court to which he is amenable, namely in this Consular Court, where the matter will be investigated and decided according to law.\n\nIn removing articles belonging to Mr. To Yee Gwee,\n\nThe Commissioner for Foreign Affairs,  \n`LATO 7`.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508217,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 185,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "185 \n\nfrom Nia House and in refusing to deliver them to me on my application, thus police are acting illegally and ultra vires and I must in demand the return of those articles.\n\nIn regard to the statements in your letter that Mr. Teo Yee Wee received no ill-treatment at the hands of the police, I beg to remind you again that on the night of the robbery he was bound and led from his house through the streets like a criminal; at the 10.4 Police Station his feet were bruised on the orders of the officer in charge and after being put through an examination he was again led by police through the streets to the Central Police Station, where he was detained in a corridor leading to the cells till 2.0 p.m., having by then been in the hands of the police some 12 or 14 hours, during which time his terrified family had no knowledge of what had happened to him. If genuine treatment as this, meted out to a respectable householder, who had just undergone the experience of having his house ransacked before his eyes, is not ill-treatment, I do not know the meaning of the term. I repeat, with all possible emphasis, that the whole conduct of the police on such occasion was disgraceful.\n\nWith regard to the arrest and execution of three men alleged to have been engaged in the robbery, I have the honour to point out that none of these persons was identified by Mr. Teo Yee Jwee, nor was I given any opportunity to be present at their trial. I cannot therefore accept the statement of the police as proof that the persons executed were actually concerned in the robbery.\n\nI am reporting fully on the matter to His Majesty's Minister at Peking in order that His Majesty's Government may be informed of the proper and illegal action of the police in this matter.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour obedient servant,\n**(Sd.) Cecil Kirke.**\nConsul.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508218,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 186,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## No. 92.\n\n& 3 Copies. Cpy to Canton & Hongkong.\n\n**BRITISH CONSULATE,  \nSWATOV,  \nOCTOBER 23rd 1926,  \n186**\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to enclose herewith copies of correspondence between the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs and myself relative to the conduct of the local police in respect of a robbery in August last from the house of Mr. Teo Yee Swee, a British subject.\n\n2. Briefly, the circumstances were as follows. In the early morning of August 8, Mr. Teo Yee Swee's house was raided by a gang of robbers, who ransacked the building and stole articles valued at some $2,400. By the time the police appeared on the scene, the robbers had decamped and the police arrested Teo Yee Swee himself and all his servants and led them, bound like criminals, to the police station, where Teo was further insulted by having his feet chained together. He was not released until 3.0 p.m.\n\n3. The police not only ill-treated Teo, but stole from his house the following articles:\n| Item | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2 | 12 bore shot guns |\n| 300 - 400 | cartridges for above |\n| 2 | old-fashioned revolvers, no cartridges |\n| 1 | sporting knife |\n| 1 | small Browning pistol |\n| 25 | rounds of ammunition for above |\n|  | accessories for loading cartridges |\n| 2 or 3 | bunches of keys |\n\nSir Ronald Macleay, K.C.M.G.,  \netc.  \netc.  \netc.  \nHis Majesty's Minister,  \nPEKING",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508219,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 187,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n\n187\n\n4.\n\nThe Commissioner for Foreign Affairs informs me that three of the robbers have been arrested and shot, but I have only the word of the police for this and no evidence has been produced that such arrests and executions have been carried out, or that the men were actually concerned in the robbery in question.\n\n5.\n\nWith regard to the arms removed from Teo's house by the police, the Commissioner refuses to give them up on the ground that they were not imported under _hu chao_, as required by the \"Rules and Regulations for the Importation of Arms and Ammunition\".\n\n6.\n\nWith regard to these arms, Teo explains that one of the shot guns belonged to the founders of the firm before he became manager. The other was bought by him locally last year. The 300-400 partridges were also bought by him locally a few years ago. The two old revolvers originally belonged to the founders of his firm. The sporting knife was bought by him 20 years ago at Singapore. The Browning pistol and ammunition were purchased by him in 1919 or 1920 from a ship's captain in Swatow.\n\n7. With the possible exception of the Browning pistol and ammunition, therefore, Teo Yee Swee appears to have acquired the above articles without infringing the Import of Arms Regulations. In any case, I submit that it is not for the police to take upon themselves to confiscate those articles. In my correspondence with the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, I have held that the police should return the articles intact to me and that if they suspect that they have been acquired by Teo in an illegal manner, they should...",
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    {
        "id": 508220,
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 188,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "188\n\nshould prosecute him in this Consular Court.\n\nThere is no\nprobability, however, that the articles stolen by the police\nwill ever be returned.\n\n8.\n\nThe conduct of the police throughout the case has been\ndisgraceful. The Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, it is\ntrue, has informed me that the officer in charge of the\ndistrict in which Teo's house is situated has been dismissed,\nbut I am, of course, unable to verify this statement.\n\n9.\n\nThe robbery took place eight days after the Commissioner\nfor Foreign Affairs had written to tell me that the object\nof the police in taking a census of foreigners was to enable\nthem to grant protection and to warn me that my refusal\nto comply with the census regulations might lead to\nmisunderstandings (see my despatch No. 63 of August 13 last).\nIt seems not unlikely that this case is a \"misunderstanding\"\nof the kind foreseen by the Commissioner; and I cannot help\nsharing Mr. Leo Yee Swee's suspicion that the police were in\ncollusion with the robbers, though it is impossible to\nproduce any evidence in support of this suspicion.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour most obedient,\nhumble servant,\n(sa.) Cecil Kirke,\nConsul.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508221,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 189,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Commissioner for Pereira Affairs\n\n**British Consulate, Swatow, August 8, 1925**\n\n189\n\nSir,\n\nIt is reported to me that early this morning, between 1 and 2 o'clock, a large band of men, apparently robbers, with painted faces and wearing masks, broke into the house of Mr. Teo Yee Swee, east of the Standard Oil Company.\n\nI have not yet been able to learn all the details of this case, but I understand that the robbers ransacked the house and stole many articles of value.\n\nI am informed, though the news seems hardly credible, that the police, instead of arresting the robbers, have arrested Mr. Teo Yee Swee and some of his servants, who are now detained at the Central Police Station, the police having taken possession of his house.\n\nI have the honour to request that you will telephone to the Central Police Station to order the immediate release of Mr. Teo Yee Swee and that a careful enquiry may be made into this extraordinary case without delay.\n\n(Signed)\nI have etc.\n**Geoil Kirke, Consul**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508222,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 190,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure No. 2 in Swatow No. 92 of October 23, 1925\n\n**Mr. Consul Kirke to the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**\n\nBritish Consulate,  \nSwatow,  \nAugust 10, 1926.\n\n190\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to refer you to my letter of the 8th instant informing you of a robbery early in the morning of that day at the house of Mr. Teo Yee Swee, a British subject.\n\nSince I wrote that letter, I have visited and inspected the premises and I have now received a full report on the matter from Mr. Teo Yee Swee.\n\nFrom this it appears that at about 12.30 a.m. on the 8th instant a gang of robbers, estimated to number about twenty, some of them wearing masks and others with their faces painted black and white, broke open the main gate of the compound, rushed through the garden and by means of a flag-stone, which they had prepared beforehand, burst open the front door of the house and entered it, carrying in their hands choppers, knives and torches made of bottles of kerosene with paper wicks.\n\nMr. Teo Yee Swee himself escaped from the house into the garden, where he hid himself, while the robbers ransacked the house throughout, opening every drawer and every cupboard, leaving the whole building in a state of indescribable disorder, and taking away with them clothing and jewellery valued at several thousand dollars.\n\nIn the meantime, one of Mr. Teo Yee Swee's servants had managed without being noticed to leave the compound to call the police, and after some considerable time a body of armed police arrived on the scene.\n\nI have the honour to draw your particular attention to the very remarkable action taken by these police.\n\nPage 190  \nPage 191",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508223,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 191,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## 191 \n2.\n\nAlthough the side gate of the compound was opened for them to enter, they immediately arrested those who opened it and then seized and arrested Mr. Teo himself, notwithstanding the fact that at their request he had presented them with his visiting card. Mr. Teo and his three servants were bound as if they had been criminals and were led through the streets to the No. 4 Police Station, where, on the instructions of the Superintendent, Mr. Teo's feet were chained. After being put through an examination, during which the Superintendent told him that he had no right to possess a pistol and ammunition, he and his servants, the latter being bound, were taken to the Central Police Station, where they were detained in a corridor leading to the cells till about midday, when Mr. Teo Yee Swee's account of the affair was taken down in writing and he was intimidated into signing it, though he was not allowed to read or correct it.\n\nHe was finally informed that if the Hook Lin and Hook Cheong firms guaranteed him and his servants, they would be permitted to leave the Police Station, and the document having been prepared, they were released.\n\nAlthough Mr. Teo Yee Swee came straight to this Consulate, he did not arrive until nearly 4 o'clock in the afternoon, so that he must have been in the hands of the police for at least 12 or 14 hours.\n\nAs an instance of gross incompetence and lack of intelligence on the part of police, this case is, in my experience, unparalleled. Not only did they prove of no assistance, they made no attempt whatever to pursue the robbers, but they actually seized, bound, and dragged off the very man who had been the victim of the robbery and detained him in police stations for 12 or 14 hours. Inasmuch as two minutes' intelligent questioning when the police first entered the compound would have established beyond a shadow of...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508224,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 192,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "192\n\n3.\n\ndoubt the identity both of Mr. Teo and his servants, there can be no excuse for this misconduct. Not content with treating Mr. Teo as a criminal, the police have removed from his house two shot guns, with about 300 or 400 cartridges, two old-fashioned revolvers with no cartridges, one sporting knife and the revolver with which he was armed on the night in question. They have also taken away two or three bunches of keys. Further, to add to the damage committed by the robbers, the police forced open two of Mr. Teo's wife's trunks containing clothing. In fact, they themselves seem to have behaved no better than the robbers whom it was their duty to pursue and arrest, and their attitude throughout the whole affair is almost incredible. The fact that the victim of their brutality was a British subject makes their action, if possible, the more condemnable, and I must lodge a most emphatic protest against the whole conduct of the police in this matter.\n\nI must also request you to note that the Superintendent's remark that Mr. Teo Yee Swee had no right to possess a revolver and cartridges is incorrect. There is no regulation to prevent a respectable British subject from carrying a revolver for self-defence; and the condition of lawlessness from which Swatow is now suffering and the complete helplessness of the police in the matter of maintaining order show how necessary it is for respectable persons to carry arms.\n\nFurther, I would ask you to note that as Mr. Teo Yee Swee signed the written statement in the Central Police Station without first reading it, nothing in it can be used against him. Further, the police had no right to demand a guarantee for a British subject, and the guarantee given by the Book Lin and Hook Cheong firms is null and void, as regards Mr. Teo Yee Swee because he is British and as regards his servants because...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508225,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 193,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "193\n\n4.\n\nbecause those firms themselves are British.\n\nA list of stolen articles was drawn up by the police at the dictation of Mr. Teo's wife, but it is believed to be incomplete, and a list, as complete as possible, will be supplied to you in a few days.\n\nI have the honour to request that the police officers responsible for the gross mismanagement of and unpardonable brutality in this affair may be severely punished and dismissed in disgrace, as being a source of danger instead of protection to the community.\n\nI further request that strict instructions may be given to arrest the robbers and recover the articles stolen by them, and that the articles illegally removed by the police may be restored to Mr. Teo Yee Swee without delay.\n\nI have etc.\n\n(Signed) **Cecil Kirke**,\nConsul.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508226,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 194,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "Enclosure No. 3 in Swatow No. 8 of October 28, 1926.\n\n194\n\nTo\n\nThe Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to\n*Ognan) Kirke.\n\nCOPY\n\n**Sir,**\n\nAugust 11, 1925.\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 8th instant stating that at about 1 or 2 o'clock that morning a large band of robbers, with painted faces and wearing masks, broke into and robbed the house of Mr. Teo Yee Swee. The police, you were informed, instead of arresting the robbers, arrested Teo Yee Swee and some of his servants and took them off. You accordingly requested me to telephone to the Police and order their release.\n\nI accordingly gave the orders requested and instructed the Police to give me a detailed report on the affair.\n\nThe Chief of Police now reports that according to the report of the Head of the Detective Department, a disturbance was suddenly heard at Kialat at about 2 o'clock on the night of the 8th instant. A party of detectives and armed police was immediately led out and found that at about midnight, the residence of Mr. Teo Yee Swee of the Hock Cheong firm, near the Japanese Consulate, had been robbed. The party immediately separated to search, but owing to the darkness it was impossible to find any traces of the robbers.\n\nAs certain revolvers and ammunition were discovered in Mr. Teo Yee Swee's house, he accompanied the police to the station to be examined and was then released.\n\nI have instructed the Chief of Police Station to make careful secret enquiries and have strictly enjoined on them that they must trace and arrest the robbers and severely deal with them and discover and restore the stolen articles.\n\nI have etc.\n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508227,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 195,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure No. 4 in Swatow No. 92 of October 25, 1926\n\nMr. Consul Kirke to the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs.\n\n195\n\n**COPY**\n\nSir,\n\n**British Consulate, Swatow, August 13, 1926.**\n\nWith reference to my letter of the 10th instant on the subject of the robbery from Mr. Teo Yee Swee's house, I have the honour to enclose herewith a list of the articles stolen. It may be incomplete, in which case a further list will be sent to you in due course.\n\nI enclose also a list of the articles wrongfully removed from Mr. Teo Yee Swee's house by the police.\n\nI again request that every effort may be made to trace and arrest the robbers and to recover the stolen property and that the police may be instructed to return to Mr. Teo Yee Swee without delay the articles which they took away from his house.\n\n(Signed)  \nI have etc.  \n**Cecil Kirke, Consul.**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508228,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 196,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 6 in Swatow No. 92 of October 23, 1926\n\n## The Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to Mr. Consul Kirke\n\n### August 23, 1926\n\n196\n\nSir,\n\nRobbery from Teo Yee Swee's House.\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 10th instant relative to the robbery from Teo Yee Swee's house and the removal of Teo and his servants by the police to the police station for examination.\n\nIn compliance with my orders that the Chief of Police should supply me with a statement of the true facts of the case, he now reports as follows:\n\n\"The robbery took place in the middle of the night. When the police heard of it, they proceeded to the house but could not distinguish one person from another. Observing a large number of Teo Yee Swee's servants, the police thought this circumstance suspicious. Moreover, none of them stated distinctly that he was in the service of Teo Yee Swee, and they were therefore taken to the police station for removal to the Head Office.\n\nFurther, as it was then only just dawn, the police had to wait till daylight and the evidence then taken was duly reported.\n\n\"When the detectives examined the house, they found that the robbers had smashed the bolt of the gate, rushed up the stone steps and burst open the door. The owner of the house was asked what articles had been lost, but he could not say. The police, thinking that the robbers might have left behind dangerous weapons, made search, but did not break open any trunks containing clothes &c. Certain firearms and ammunition were produced, however, and if Teo has received a licence to possess arms for self-defence they will, of course, be returned to him.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508229,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 197,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n\n197 \n\n2. \n\n\"The various statements in the British Consul's letter have been made in error. \n\n\"Strict instructions have been issued to all police stations to trace the stolen goods and to clear up the case, and in the meantime this report is submitted in accordance with your instructions\" \n\nThe above report is entirely at variance with the account of the affair given in your letter under reply. \n\nI have given instructions for the finding of clues to the crime and for the arrest of the robbers in order that the district may be cleared of them, and I now have the honour to send you this reply. \n\nThe list of stolen articles forwarded by you has been sent to the Police for reference. \n\nI have etc. \n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508230,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 198,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 6 in Swatow No. 92 of October 23, 1926\n\n## The Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to Mr. Consul Kirke\n\nAugust 28, 1926\n\nSir,\n\n**Robbery from Too Yee Swee's House**\n\nWith reference to the robbery from Teo Yee Swee's house, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 13th instant forwarding a list of the stolen articles, which was transmitted to the police office with instructions that the firearms and ammunition taken by them from Teo's house should be all returned.\n\nThe Chief of Police now states that on receipt of my orders he summoned Teo Tee Swee to exhibit his gun licences for inspection on which his firearms &c. would be returned to him. To the surprise of the police, however, Teo did not obey the summons, an attitude which they find quite inexplicable and they are now suspecting that he possesses no licence. Further, the police find that Teo Tee Swee's list of firearms &c. does not tally with their own.\n\nThe police have sent me a list of the firearms &c., of which I now forward you a copy. I have the honour to request that you will instruct Teo Yee Swee to send his gun licences for inspection.\n\nI have etc.\n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508231,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 199,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Despatch No. 7 in Swatow No. 92 of October 23, 1926\n\n199\n\nSir,\n\n**BRITISH CONSULATE, SWATOW, AUGUST 28, 1926.**\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 23rd instant on the subject of the robbery from the house of Mr. Teo Yee Swee.\n\nThe police report embodied in your letter is, as you very correctly observe, entirely at variance with the account of the affair given in my letter of the 10th instant, the reason being that most of the statements in the report are misleading, while all reference to the most important points is omitted. The report is, in fact, entirely worthless, being a mere attempt and a very poor one - to conceal the gross inefficiency and outrageous behaviour of the police on that occasion.\n\nNo effort is made to explain why Mr. Teo Yee Swee was bound and dragged off to the police station and his feet chained when he arrived there; or why he was transferred from the No. 4 Police Station to the Central Station and detained till about three o'clock in the afternoon. No mention is made of his being compelled to sign a deposition without knowing what had been written down. Indeed, it would be impossible to guess from reading the report, that Mr. Teo himself had been arrested at all. All reference to these insolent acts is carefully omitted from the police report, nor is any valid excuse offered for depriving Mr. Teo Yee Swee, a British subject, of the arms and a munition found in his house, nor for stealing his keys; and I am surprised that an official of your rank and position...\n\nThe Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, SWATOW.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508232,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 200,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "200 \n\nshould have consented to transmit to me so patently dishonest \na presentation of the case. \nI again request that the officers responsible for the \nmismanagement and brutality of the police in this affair may \nbe severely punished and dismissed in disgrace as a danger to \nthe public; and I expect to receive a suitable expression of \nregret for the unpardonable treatment meted out by them to an \ninnocent British subject. \n\nWith respect to the arms and ammunition wrongfully \nremoved by the police from Mr. Teo Yee Swee's house, I have \nthe honour to inform you that he has my full permission to hold \nthese articles. The reference in the police report to the \nquestion whether or not he holds licences to possess firearms \nis not understood, as, where British subjects are concerned, \nthe matter is not one that falls under the jurisdiction of the \nChinese authorities, I myself being the only authority competent \nto grant or withhold permission for British subjects to possess \nfirearms. \n\nI now renew my request that all the articles taken by \nthe police from Mr. Teo Yee Swee's residence may be sent \nforthwith to this Consulate, without further delay. \n\nIt is now twenty days since the robbery took place, \nbut I have so far heard nothing of the recovery of any of the \narticles stolen by the robbers. In addition to the articles \nenumerated in the list already sent to you, the following \narticles have been found to have been stolen: \n| Item | Value |\n| --- | --- |\n| 50 cartridges belonging to a lay Pigeon Shooting Club | $4.00 |\n| 2 pieces of cloth | $7.00 |\n| 1 pair rubber-soled shoes | $2.00 |\n| 1 mosquito curtain | $15.00 |\n| **Total** | **$28.00** |\n\nI have the honour to be, \nSir, \nYour obedient servant, \n(sd.) Cecil Kirke, \n\nPage 200\nPage 201",
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    {
        "id": 508233,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 201,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 8 in Swatow No. 92 of October 23, 1926\n\n## The Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to Mr. Consul Kirke\n\nSeptember 4, 1926\n\nSir,\n\n### Theft from Teo Yee Swee's House\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 28th ult. on the subject of the robbery from Teo Yee Swee's house, in which you complain that many of the statements in the police report are misleading, while all reference to the most important points is omitted. You state that you are the only authority competent to grant or withhold permission for British subjects to possess firearms, and you request that the articles taken by them from Teo Yee Swee's house may be returned forthwith.\n\nI have instructed the Chief of Police to ascertain whether any material facts have been glossed over in the report.\n\nWith regard to the discovery in Teo Yee Swee's house of arms and ammunition, I have the honour to point out that in Section 3 of the new regulation drawn up by the Chinese Government respecting the import of arms and ammunition, it is stated that every respectable foreigner entering China from abroad may apply for a permit to import for self-defence 1 revolver and 500 cartridges. Thus a foreigner importing arms for self-defence must request the Chinese authorities for a permit and further he may only import 1 firearm and 500 cartridges.\n\nNow Teo Yee Swee has made no application for an import permit, and further the number of cartridges concealed in his house was in excess of 500, which clearly shows that he has broken the regulation. I am therefore unable to comply with your request to return the arms taken from him.\n\nI have etc.\n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**\n\n\n## Page 201",
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    {
        "id": 508234,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 202,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# COFY.\n\n202\n\n**Englosure No. 9**\n\n**Swatow, 45th year of October M. 1985.**\n\nMr. Qemuel Kirke to the **Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**.\n\nSir,\n\n**British Consulate, September 16, 1926.**\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 4th instant in which you refuse to return firearms and ammunition taken from Mr. Tao Tee Swee's house by the police in the early morning of instant & last, on the ground that he made no application for any permit for those articles and that the cartridges in his possession were in excess of the number allowed.\n\nIn reply, I beg to inform you that no regulation exists which prevents British subjects from purchasing in China arms for self-defence or for sporting purposes. Further, the number of both pistol and sporting cartridges taken from Mr. Tao Tee Swee by the police was far less than the number allowed to be imported by a British subject in one year (500 and 7,000 rounds respectively).\n\nIn any case, I must remind you that if a British subject breaks any law or regulation, he can only be dealt with by his own authorities; and in no circumstances have the Chinese police the right to search his house and remove his property from his possession.\n\nIf it is considered that Mr. Tao Tee Swee has in any way acted illegally, the proper course is to bring an action against him in this Court.\n\nI must therefore renew my demand that the firearms and ammunition, as well as all the other articles, illegally removed by the police from Mr. Tao Tee Swee's house may be sent to this Consulate without further delay.\n\nI",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508235,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 203,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "203 \n\nI beg to refer you once more to my letters of August 10 and 28 last and to remind you that I have still received no explanation of the outrageous manner in which the police treated Mr. Teo Yee Swee on the night of the robbery from his house, or any expression of regret for their brutal and inexcusable conduct.\n\nI have already requested that the officers responsible for this display of incompetence and brutality may be severely punished and dismissed, and I have the honour to enquire whether this request has been complied with.\n\nI have etc.\n\n(sa.)  \n**Cecil Kirke**  \n**Consul**",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508236,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 204,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "Enclosure No. 10 in Swo tow No. 92 of October 23, 1926.\n\nThe Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to Mr. Vongul Zirke.\n\nSeptember 23, 1926.\n\n204\n\nRobbery from Zoo Yee Swee's House.\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 16th instant in which you state that no regulation exists which prevents British subjects from purchasing in China arms for self-defence or for sporting purpose and request that the arms and ammunition removed from Teo Yee Swee's house by the police may be returned. You further complain that my predecessor, Commissioner Lin, had not replied to your enquiry whether the police who had ill-treated Teo Yee Swee had been punished.\n\nIn reply, I beg to state that foreigners are not allowed to smuggle arms and ammunition into a port and that in case of any breach of this regulation the Maritime Customs will confiscate such articles. It is almost unnecessary to inform you of this, as it is stipulated in the treaties. Further, in Section 3 of the Revised Regulation for the Import of Arms and Ammunition it is stated that every respectable foreign resident in China wishing to import 1 pistol and 500 rounds of ammunition for his own defence shall apply for a permit. This has been the procedure for many years and has not been questioned by the authorities of any country.\n\nIn April, 1916, the Standard Oil Company at Shanghai proposed to purchase a pistol and ammunition for the use of their installation watchman for purposes of self-defence. The Commissioner for Foreign Affairs at Shanghai considered that this would be in contravention of the regulation and requested the United States Consul to prohibit the purchase. Thus although the Chinese regulations do not expressly prohibit the purchase by foreigners in China of arms for self-defence...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508237,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 205,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n\n205\n\nself-defence, yet such purchase is severely restricted. Then the robbery took place at Too Yee Swee's house, the police proceeded to the scene and fearing that the robbers might have left behind dangerous weapons, they made careful search, as they were in duty bound to do and discovered several foreign guns and a thousand cartridges. As Too said that he had no import permit, the police thought he was breaking the regulations and they therefore took the firearms and cartridges to the Police Station. Their action was the result of their proceeding to the house when the robbery was reported to them and was not a case of searching the house for no reason. There is therefore no question of jurisdiction.\n\nIn taking away the arms and ammunition, the police acted in a similar way to the Customs when they confiscate smuggled arms. For concealment, as well as smuggling, is a breach of the regulations under the Treaties, the confiscation of smuggled arms by the Customs does not necessitate any reference to the Consul, so why is there any necessity to report to you when the police removed Teo Yee Swee's arms? I am therefore unable to assent to your request to return the arms.\n\nWith regard to your statement that the police brutally ill-treated Teo Yee Swee, I have instructed the Chief of Police to make further enquiries and on no account to gloss anything over. Pending the receipt of his report, I have the honour to send you this reply.\n\nI have etc.\n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 508238,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 206,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure no. 11 in Swatow No. 92 of October 23, 1926\n\n## The Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to Mr. Consul Kirke\n\nOctober 6, 1925\n\n206\n\nSir,\n\nRobbery from Teo Yee Swee's House.\n\nWith reference to your allegation that the police treated Teo Yee Swee brutally, the Chief of Police reports:\n\nThe robbery took place in the middle of the night. The police, seeing that Teo Yee Swee was nervous and flurried and that his utterances were wild and excited, became suspicious and accordingly took him to the police station. There they examined him and ascertained the facts and then released him. He received no ill-treatment.\n\nHowever, as the officer in charge of the No. 4 Police Station failed to carry out his duties in a proper manner, he has been relieved of his post. Ch'en Te-shih, Ch'en Fu-tzu, Huang Jung-shen, three of the robbers in this case, have been arrested and shot.\n\nThe police could not prevent the robbery from happening; all they could do was to exert every endeavour to arrest the robbers. The officer in charge of No. 4 Station has been relieved of his post, and Teo Yee Swee's annoyance at being taken to the Police Station is no longer justifiable.\n\nI have the honour to request that you will inform Teo Yee Swee accordingly.\n\nI have etc.\n\n**Commissioner for Foreign Affairs**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508239,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 207,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. /2 \n\n12 in Swatow \n\nNo. 92 of October 2, 1926.\n\n2.07% \n\nSir, \n\n**BRITISH CONSULATE, SWATOW, OCTOBER 23, 1926.**\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letters of the 23rd ultimo and the 6th instant relative to the robbery on August 8 last at the house of Mr. To Yee Swee.\n\nThe Regulations governing the import of arms and ammunition into China are well-known to me, and I do not, of course, question their validity; but those regulations provide no authority or excuse for the action of the Swatow police in removing certain arms and ammunition from Dr. Yee Swee's house.\n\nThe position is as follows: men visiting Dr. Yee Swee's house, the police discovered there certain arms and ammunition belonging to him. Neither the police nor any local authority possess any knowledge as to how he came by them, and unless it can be proved that he acquired them in an illegal manner, it must be presumed that he duly observed the regulations. The police have no right whatever to remove any articles from the house of a British subject on the alleged grounds that such articles have been smuggled into China at some previous date, unless the authority of this Consulate has been first obtained. If it is suspected that he acted contrary to the regulations, it is for the proper authorities to prosecute him in the Court to which he is amenable, namely in the Ordinary Court, where the matter will be investigated and decided according to law.\n\nI object to the removal of articles belonging to Mr. To Yee Swee.\n\nThe Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, \nTO Y...",
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    },
    {
        "id": 508240,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "page_number": 208,
        "title": "CO129-501-3 Chinese situation- Protection of British subjects of Chinese race 23-10-1926 - 21-12-1927",
        "content_text": "# \n\nfrom his house and in refusing to deliver them to me on my application, the police are acting illegally and ultra vires and I must again demand the return of those articles,\n\n208 \n\nEND \n\nWith regard to the statements in your letter that Mr. Lee See received no ill-treatment at the hands of the police, I beg to remind you again that on the night of the robbery he was bound and led from our house around the streets to the Police Station and his feet were chained on the orders of the officer in charge and after being put through an examination he was then led by police through the streets to the Central Police Station, where he was detained in a corridor leading to the cells till 6. a.m., having been in the hands of the police some 12 or 14 hours, during which time his terrified family had no knowledge of what had happened to him. If the treatment meted out to a respectable householder, who had just undergone the experience of having his house ransacked before my eyes, is not ill-treatment, I do not know the meaning of the term. I repeat, with all possible emphasis, that the conduct of the police on this occasion was disgraceful.\n\nWith regard to the arrest and execution of three men alleged to have been engaged in the robbery, I have the honour to point out that none of the persons was identified by Mr. Lee See, nor was I given any opportunity to be present at their trial. I cannot therefore accept the statement of the police as proof that the persons arrested were actually concerned in the robbery.\n\nI am reporting fully on the case to His Majesty's Minister at Peking in order that His Majesty's Government may be informed of the gross and illegal action of the police in this matter.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour obedient servant,\n(Sd.) Cecil Clementi Smith.",
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    {
        "id": 532848,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-538-1 Hong Kong University 31-12-1931 - 6-8-1932",
        "page_number": 88,
        "title": "CO129-538-1 Hong Kong University 31-12-1931 - 6-8-1932",
        "content_text": "The Mongolian Eye\n\n121\n\nMy concern is with the record of such an eye-form in the remains of a Chinese culture of 3,000 years ago. The evidence is the shape of the pictograph of the eye that can be dated at the latest from about 1155 B.C. (to a few decades).\n\nTo estimate this evidence properly, a word must be said about the history of Chinese characters. In general, Chinese tradition has it that one Ts'ang Hieh (or Chich)—Cantonese Ts'ong Kit devised a scheme of writing as a substitute for the quippus or knotted cords of the primitive ages. Accounts vary as to who Ts'ang Hieh was but they put him back in the first half of the third millennium B.C. This is not the place for a long historical disquisition but it may be taken as certain that all that period of Chinese History is legendary, if not made up of deliberate falsification.* The supposed literary records of the period are of later compilation and modern scholars regard these earlier sovereigns as rationalizations of tribal gods while their sons and descendants would correspond to the eponymous heroes of Greece. Certain it is that no actual writing of the Period of the Five Rulers or of the time of Yao, Shun, Yü or the Hia Dynasty is known to be extant to-day. The \"Tablet of Yü\" is a late and clumsy forgery. With the Shang Dynasty (1722-1122 B.C.) we come to something more real. A number of bronze vessels bearing inscriptions exist which Chinese scholars regard as of this period, but it is impossible so far to assign these to fixed dates within the period. However, it is now possible to determine certain inscriptions on tortoiseshell, bone or horn from Anyang in Honan as definitely earlier than about 1155 B.C. These are fragments of materials used in divination; the carapace of a tortoise or a bone was made to crack by means of fire and the shape of the fissures was interpreted as the answer of the divinities consulted: on the pieces was cut a record of the consultation giving the day, question and answer of the oracle and often the name of the monarch concerned or an ancestor venerated. Fortunately, the skill of Chinese scholars has deciphered a fair number of the characters and has won a great amount of information from these riddling sentences. Suspicions long lurking in the minds of many Sinologues, Chinese or European, as to the genuineness of these fragments must now be dissipated (except for objects suspicious otherwise) by the results of the excavations at Anyang in the years 1928 and 1929, published by the Academia Sinica in Preliminary Reports of the Excavations at Anyang, Parts I and II (Peiping dated 1929).*\n\n* It is on this material that I am working.\n\nThe proof seems valid that the site on which these inscriptions have been found was the site of the royal capital of the Yin (later Shang) Dynasty, occupied from about 1400 B.C. when P'an Keng moved there until the reign of Ti Yih (ending about 1155 B.C.) when the place was apparently destroyed by the waywardness of the Yellow River. There are some grounds for holding that some of these fragments belong to earlier monarchs as far back as 1766 B.C. and were carried about with the reigning monarch.\n\nCp. Marcel Granet: \"Chinese Civilisation,\" Book II Ch. I. Preliminary Reports of Excavations at Anyang (Academia Sinica: Pekin 1929), Vol. II, p. 363 (article by Fu Ssŭ-nien).\n\n* I shall quote this as REAY I or II.\n\nMay 1932.\n\n141",
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    {
        "id": 564189,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "page_number": 152,
        "title": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "content_text": "## Canton Development and Japanese Interests\n\n5 \n\nMr. Kaku Tei Shun, a Formosan millionaire. \nMr. Kyo Shin Jo, Formosan member of the Governor-General's Advisory Council. \nMr. I. Nakamura, director of the Taiwan Warehousing Company and president of the Takao Chamber of Commerce. Mr. S. Umeno, president of the Higashi Taiwan Shimbun.\n\nThe following also were due to go, but were prevented by illness: Mr. K. Matsuki, president of the Taiwan Electric Power Company. \nMr. T. Matsuoka, president of the \"Taiwan Shimbun.\" \nMr. Miyamoto, president of the Taiwan Nippo.\n\n(iv) An investigation party under Viscount Inouye, containing scientific experts from Japan as well as Formosa, left in late January. (v) Dr. Shiratori, another scientist, left with assistants about the same time. (vi) Mr. Miura, of the Tainan Agricultural Experimental Station, with two assistants have gone to inspect the farms of the Chuzan University.\n\nOf the above, the last three parties would appear to be still in China. Viscount Inouye has stated that the sugar interests are heavily represented on the expert missions. Of the parties that have returned, Mr. Ida and Mr. Morioka have made public statements.\n\n### Statements by Mr. Ida and Mr. Morioka\n\n11. The director-general's statement consists largely, but not entirely, of civilities addressed to the army, and political platitudes. Mr. Ida's statement has a good deal more meat. Mr. Ida stresses that a good deal of time will be needed for the restoration of factories in Canton, but both statements emphasise that the nearby city of Fatshan (300,000 inhabitants) has suffered very little damage, and there seems to be a suggestion that its development may precede that of Canton. Evidently the motor road between the two cities is in passable condition, as Mr. Morioka visited Fatshan by car, while Mr. Ida stresses the existence of numerous creeks in the immediate vicinity of Fatshan, which provide excellent facilities for water transport. He also states that there are three sugar mills at Fatshan; according to him, all are somewhat damaged, but in this connexion it should be noted that a press statement in Part IV of this report alleges that the Formosa Development Company has found a sugar mill which can be operated immediately (whether in Fatshan or elsewhere is not stated). Mr. Morioka states that in Fatshan public order is good, and that the Japanese soldiers are fraternising with the inhabitants. The surrounding district is said to be rich in rice and sugar, though food production has hitherto been insufficient for the population, making import necessary. Mr. Ida further states that the silk industry has good prospects, though hitherto it has been depressed by maladministration. He also claims that there are minerals, which will be developed, and that subsidiary industries (presumably for refining the ore, &c.) will be established locally.\n\n12. As regards political conditions in Canton, Mr. Morioka claims that 400,000 citizens have returned, though they are mainly of the lower classes, and that there is a great desire for the study of the Japanese language among the populace. He states that two Japanese schools were opened on the 11th January, with an intended capacity of 200 to 300 students, but 700 presented themselves on the first day; it was thought inexpedient to turn any away, and, despite over-crowding, all were admitted. He also claims that the Hakuai Hospital, which was reopened from the 20th December, is filled above capacity; as a result of which a second medical party was to arrive shortly.\n\n## Canton Development\n\n13. Reports are still slightly conflicting, but there has been no contradiction so far of the report that the Central Government has no intention of establishing a separate development company for South China; and it would appear that general development plans at Canton are to be in the hands of the Formosa Development Company, although a fairly recent report states that its subsidiary, Fukudai Koshi, which was to have been relegated to Fukien, is running a hotel in Canton, the \"Taiwan-kan\" and operating bus services and electric light at Fatshan. The grip of the Formosa Development Company over Fukudai Koshi has, however, been tightened by the purchase by the former of the 500,000 yen's worth of shares in Fukudai Koshi, previously held by Kochu Koshi.\n\n14. Mr. Takayama, a director of the Formosa Development Company, was sent to Canton in the middle of November to work out schemes of development, and Mr. Retsu Kawada, a member of the House of Peers, and ex-Vice-Minister of Overseas Affairs, has been appointed a financial counsellor to the company, with the special duty of advising on South China development. To meet the various schemes proposed, there was talk of quintupling the nominal capital of the company to 150 million yen; but the only responsible admission so far is Mr. Morioka's statement before the Budget Committee of the Diet, that the Formosa Development Company will issue debentures for 15 million yen, to be guaranteed by the Formosan Government. The reception of this statement suggests that any several-fold increase of capital would be most difficult of realisation.\n\n15. For the lighting of Canton, two engineers from the Government-General, and sixty-one electricians from the Taiwan Electric Power Company were sent to Canton in November and early December. They reported that the attempted destruction of the lighting plant by the Chinese army had been inefficiently executed, and the plant was to be working again at its full capacity of 22,000 kilowatts before the middle of December. The history of the waterworks is similar, and it also was to be restored by the same time. Both these enterprises appear to be in the hands of the Formosa Development Company; the Taiwan Electric Power Company tried to obtain control of the lighting, but it appears that the Government-General of Formosa stepped in, and insisted on the enterprise going to the Formosa Development Company.\n\n16. It appears that the Japanese intend to make a big thing of sugar in Kwangtung. Professor Hashimoto of the Kyoto Imperial University, a member of the Special Committee for the Control of Formosan Staple Products, was the first oracle, declaring, as early as October, that the Formosan sugar companies should expand their activities to South China and the Formosa Development Company is reported to have secured a mill with a capacity of 500,000 bags of sugar per annum, which is fit to be operated at once. It has been reported that Mr. Ida, after his return from Canton, was to negotiate with the sugar companies for the formation of a joint organisation for activities in South China.\n\n17. A small company, the Taiwan Boeki Kaisha, with a capital of 100,000 yen, has been formed at Takao by one, S. Shoji, for trading with South China and the South Seas. The capital is one-quarter paid up.\n\n18. The Bank of Formosa lost no time in reopening its branch in Canton, but the president of the bank, Mr. Yasuda, has sounded a note of warning, emphasising the need for retaining plenty of liquid capital within Formosa.\n\n19. As the reports so frequently suggest that sugar is to be a main Japanese interest in Kwangtung, it may be well to examine this question a little more closely. Formosa supplies Japan's requirements in sugar, which has for a good many years past been the island's most valuable export crop. The following have been the exports in the last six years:\n\n| Year | To Japan | Abroad | Total |\n|------|----------|---------|-------|\n| 1933 | 9,830    | 101     | 9,931 |\n| 1934 | 11,023   | 23      | 11,045|\n| 1935 | 14,249   | 935     | 15,184|\n| 1936 | 14,274   | 392     | 14,666|\n| 1937 | 14,901   | 367     | 15,268|\n| 1938 (eleven months) | 13,782 | 1,242 | 15,024 |\n\nIt may be argued that the sugar interests will not be keen to assist the growth of a child within the yen bloc, who may eventually challenge their own supremacy. But in reply to this it may be argued that:\n\n(i) Apart from the merest trifle sent to Siam, all the foreign exports have gone to countries which are now to form the \"yen bloc\".\n\n(ii) A gradual closing of the \"open door\" through exchange control or other means will suffice to reduce, as may be required, the supplies of Java sugar which have hitherto been sent to China.\n\nPage 181",
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    {
        "id": 595956,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-622-6 Claims of War Supplies to Eastern Group Supply Council 21-1-1949 - 23-12-1949",
        "page_number": 7,
        "title": "CO129-622-6 Claims of War Supplies to Eastern Group Supply Council 21-1-1949 - 23-12-1949",
        "content_text": "I agree.\n\nWe can but tell Hong Kong that we have not been able to trace any papers here which indicate the reason for the bill of $15,119 against Hong Kong and that, if it is desired to pursue this matter, fuller information must be supplied. I don't think at this stage we should express a view as to whether or not this charge should be accepted by Hong Kong as one of the outstanding war liabilities towards meeting which H.M.G.'s £1,000,000 grant was made. We really don't know enough about it.\n\nI note there is one other claim (whether Category B or C is not clear, but it is not A) which is mentioned once, only to disappear again. This is the claim on account of orders placed by D.A.D.O.S. Hong Kong in 1941 which is referred to in paragraph 2 of (14) on the 1947 file. It is there stated that no reply had been received from local Military H.Q. though the representation made by the Hong Kong Government, it being understood that the matter had been submitted to the War Office. We have heard no more of this. If Hong Kong accepts our proposed reply about Category B and C claims, presumably we never shall hear any more about it. I mention it only for the sake of completeness.\n\nVinsen\n\n3.3.49.\n\nThis has been discussed with the Solicitor.\n\nBefore committing ourselves regarding Category B and C claims, legal advice must be obtained.\n\nWe have (a) legal advice on the claims here (a) and ...\n\n \n...orable clearing.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-622-6 Claims of War Supplies to Eastern Group Supply Council 21-1-1949 - 23-12-1949.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    }
]