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    {
        "id": 217742,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-004 - Public Offices & Admiralty - 1843",
        "page_number": 23,
        "title": "CO129-004 - Public Offices & Admiralty - 1843",
        "content_text": "} \n\n21: \n\nPosition for \n\n:ference in lat nd long& \n\n[To \n\naccompany hulps hurs Plan) \n\nThe Chart of Hong hongens completed – by & le Stulphur early defines one position to which immediate reference can be had for either measuring \n\nChronometice Eistancer \n\nor any ot \n\ndetails for the testing of Magnetic Instruments de Arage fur \n\nfurther remarks \n\ntherefore, upon the theme snjutar projections of \n\ndre \n\nThe Selance \n\nuncalled for. They can be \n\nby \n\nto the law. Plan. \n\noservatory the \n\nPoint \n\nthe leale attached. \n\nThe position thus alluded to is noted \n\n. \n\nthe Meridion time \n\nMe Rive \n\n\"It is waated at the \n\nas observatory\" \n\nWilkown landing rocks of the Lown valley \n\nLover \n\nwhere it was firs & suspected to found the \n\nTown! \n\nfort \n\nbut this was negatived \n\nby \n\nlate Plone potentiary Captain Elust This position is sluated in Latitude \n\nand is lost \n\nLongesiede \n\ntaz var \n\nSep \n\ntint Macao br \n\nBER \n\nZuth' 27 Nr. 114.8633 2 \n\n$87,20 \n\n20 E \n\n0.303 \n\nEast of the Bathory House Fisch h 17 m \n\nRice Ad Grings 9 feet es",
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    {
        "id": 238975,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-056 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [6]",
        "page_number": 384,
        "title": "CO129-056 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [6]",
        "content_text": "60\n\nowing to the sudden increase of depth from 2 to 3 fathoms, to 3 fathoms, could certainly admit of vessels anchoring sufficiently near to include, almost at their warehouses.\n\nIt is proposed to continue this sea-wall, or in the dotted lines, to the next Eastern Beach.\n\nThe Green Island (Battery Island of the Chinese) I would propose connecting to the Shore by a Solid Mound or Break-water, and a return head to the Westward, enabling vessels to lie securely within for temporary repairs bearing down.\n\nThe disabled Junks from the dismantled Forts, would materially add to the durability of works under water, by the combination of their oxide with sand, etc.\n\nThe materials for these works of construction are immediately at hand (where the Forts on Conolon Peninsula are being destroyed and taken away for private use) and the Eastern quarries are also stored with large supplies of squared granite, which are intended for the construction of Batteries in Canton River. The expenses of any of these proposed works would be amply repaid by the charges, which would be cheerfully paid for their accommodation.\n\nI have remarked during the course of my Survey of Hongkong (particularly when detained for the day observing at Observatory Point), that when calms have prevailed at the old or western anchorage, a moderate breeze prevails in this Strait, probably resulting from an induced current,\n\nPage 61\n\n \n\n \n(The original text has been proofread up to this point, and \"Page 61\" indicates the start of a new page. The exact formatting of \"Page 61\" is preserved as per the original scan.)",
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    {
        "id": 288834,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 207,
        "title": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "810\n\nTHE LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH.\n\nSUANGHAI SILK SHIPPERS, From 1st June to 28th Sept., 1879,\n\nAdantson, Bell, and Co. Balfour, Butler and Co. Barnet and Co. Birt and Co. \nBirley, Worthington, & Co. Bain and Co. \nBower, Hanbury and Co.... Bourjau, Hubener, and Co. \nBovet, Brothers and Co. ... Bull, Purdon and Co. Butterfeld and Swire \nChapman, King and Co. \nCoutts and Co. \nDent and Co. \nDickinson and Co. \nEssex and Co. \nFindlay, Wade and Co. \nFogg and Co. \nGamwell, F. R. \nGibb, Livingston, and Co..... Gilman and Co.\n\nBales.\n\n352 Jardine, Matheson, and Co. 276 Jarvie, John, and Co. \n57 Skeggs, C. J. and Co.\n\nTEA CARGOES AFLOAT.\n\nBales.\n\n[Nov, 18, 1872]\n\nShipping Intelligence.\n\nARRIVALS.\n\nAt YOKOHAMA.—From London, Sept. 23, Florence Nightingale.\n\nAt SHANGHAI.—From London, Sept. 25, Foutenaye; from Swansea, 23, Daylight; from Liverpool, Nov. 10, Agamemnon (str.); from Cardiff, Whinfel; from Southampton. Deccan (str.).\n\nAt HONG KONG and CANTON.—From London, Oct. 1, Golconda (str.), James Vinicombe; from Callao, Emigrante; from Boston, 4, Europa.\n\nAt SINGAPORE.—From Liverpool, Oct. 11, Agamemnon (str.); from Glasgow, 7. Saltes (str.); from Sunderland, 8, Stanley; from Hamburg, 11, Harmonia.\n\nDEPARTURES.\n\nFrom YOKOHAMA.—For London, Sept. 7, Audax; for New York, 16, Emulation; 18, Etta Loring; 23, Leander; 30, Ceylon.\n\nFrom HONG KONG.—For London, Sept. 15, Penrith; for New York, 18, Jessie Isabel.\n\nFrom SHANGHAI.—For London, Sept. 21, Priam (str.), Woodlark; From Foochow.—For London, Sept. 29, Zibu; Oct. 1, Eme.\n\nFrom HONG KONG and CANTON.—For Falmouth, Oct. 2, Hermine.\n\nFrom SINGAPORE.—For London, Oct 4, Eleanor; Nov. 12, Hector (str.).\n\nSHIPPING POSTSCRIPT.\n\nDEPARTURES.—Nov. 14, from London, for Yokohama and Hiego, Glamorganshire; 13, from Cardiff, for Singapore, Proserpine; 14, Massimo d'Azeglis, Elizabeth Child.\n\nLAID ON.—At London, for Shanghai, Carmarthenshire.\n\nSPOKEN.—Esperance, Newport to Hong Kong, Aug. 12, 33 S., 25 W. Franklin, Batavia to London, Sept. 28, 20 S., 60 E. N. C. D. H. (Amicizia, Italian three-mast schooner), Cardiff to Ceylon, Sept. 29, 16 S., 29 W.\n\nLEGAL.\n\nJUDICIAL COMMITTEE OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL.\n\nHART V. VON GUMPACHI.\n\nThis appeal from Her Majesty's Court for China and Japan came on for hearing, and presented some remarkable features. The appellant is a British subject, and occupies an important position in the service of the Emperor of China as inspector-general of customs.\n\nThe respondent is a naturalised British subject, and is an astronomer and mathematician. Both met in London in August, 1866, and it was alleged that Hart represented to Von Gumpach that he was entrusted with the formation of a college and observatory at Peking, which college was to be an institution for the teaching to the Chinese of Western sciences and learning, \"with a view to the regeneration of China,\" and that he was to procure a library and appoint professors.\n\nIn consequence of these alleged representations, Von Gumpach went to China, and his salary was to be £600 a year. He alleged that there was no such institution, and that he was willing to discharge the duties of his appointment.\n\nHe alleged that Hart represented to the Tsang-li Yamen, or Foreign Board, that he had absented himself, and he received an intimation from the Chinese Government that his services were no longer required; and since the 30th September, 1868, he had been unable to obtain any salary.\n\nHe brought his action against Hart in Her Majesty's Court, and claimed £3,000 as compensation besides his salary.\n\nThe cause was tried before a jury, and they gave £1,800 as damages and 176 taels for money payable to Von Gumpach.\n\nThere had been a demurrer and further litigation, and one point urged for the present appellant was that these were privileged communications from him as to the office he held under the Chinese Government.\n\nThe Court, after further litigation, decided in favour of the plaintiff (the present respondent), and the defendant (the present appellant) has obtained special leave to appeal to Her Majesty in Council.\n\nHe denied the alleged misrepresentations, and stated that the Court at Peking had found in his favour as to the representations, and gave damages to Von Gumpach for the loss of his situation, and for money due on account stated.\n\nHe appealed on several grounds—that the verdict was against evidence, on misdirection, and on the privileged communications.\n\nSir John Karslake, Q.C, with whom was Mr. F. Herschell (instructed by Messrs. Murray and Hutchins), appeared for the appellant; Mr. Benjamin, Q.C., and Mr. Myburgh (instructed by Messrs. Brooks and Co., of Doctors' Commons) were for the respondent, the plaintiff in the original action.\n\nMr. Benjamin discussed the several points. He urged that the appellant was liable to the respondent for the wrongs he had committed against him.\n\nThe Chinese Government had not adopted the acts of the appellant as their servant, and therefore it was not an Act of State.\n\nIt was idle for the appellant to say that what he did was by order of the Chinese Government, and that, therefore, he was not amenable to the laws in Her Majesty's Court for China and Japan.\n\nHe cited various authorities in support of his contentions that unless a Government adopted the acts of their servant, the servant was liable, and could not shield himself under the authority of an Act of State and justify the wrong he had committed.\n\nFurther, the learned counsel submitted that Her Majesty's Treaty with the Emperor of China gave all British subjects a right to resort to the Supreme Court for redress; and it was no answer for the appellant (the original defendant) to say what he had done was as servant of the Emperor when malice was alleged against him.\n\nThe question of privilege would not go to such an extent as to shield a man from false representations, and none of the cases cited would support the points raised by the other side.\n\nMr. Myburgh followed on the same side.\n\nSir John, in reply, cited several cases in support of the view he had submitted—namely, that the original action could not be maintained, and that the demurrer ought to have been allowed.\n\nIt was not an action between two British subjects, as was contemplated by the Treaty, but an action against a Minister of China for an act done as such Minister.\n\nBoth parties had been in the service of the Emperor, and the reports made by Mr. Hart were privileged communications, and it was not by merely alleging malice that the protection extended to such documents was to be removed.\n\nThe matter was of importance, and he asked their Lordships to allow the appeal.\n\nSir Montagu Smith, on the conclusion of the arguments, announced that their Lordships would take time to consider their judgment.\n\nCOURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH.\n\nIONIDES V. PENDER.\n\nThis was a case (tried last term) of some mercantile importance as to marine insurance, especially with reference to over-insurance.\n\nIt was an action on several policies of insurance, on goods, on profits, on charterparty, and of commission, amounting altogether to some thousands of pounds.\n\nThe defence set up was that there had been enormous over-insurance, and that the ship was not lost by perils of the seas, but had in reality been scuttled.\n\nThe policies were affected by a firm at Hamburg, who had chartered and loaded the ship for a commercial adventure to a port La Sineria.\n\nOn the voyage the vessel sprang a leak, and is making four inches water per hour in still water.\n\nCASUALTIES.—The Carolina (Spanish barque), from Manila to Cadiz, with tobacco, went a bore on Sandalwood Island. Sept. 15, but got off without damage, after remaining on the reef seven days.\n\nThe Hebe (ship, of Rotterdam. Meermans, from Batavia, to Rotterdam, put into Mauritius, Oct. 5, leaky, having encountered a very heavy N.E. to N.W., and S. W. gale Sept. 21st, in lat. 12 S., lon. 93 E., during which\n\nTHE LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH.\n\n811\n\nNov. 18, 1872.\n\nMISCELLANEOUS.\n\nEXTRACTS FROM MEDHURST'S \"FOREIGNER IN FAR CATHAY.\"\n\nAfter what I wrote in my last letter of the negotiations between the commissioners of the two legislative bodies of this city having been broken off because they could not come to an agreement on the vexed question of the Bank Valuta, your readers will no doubt be greatly surprised to hear that, after all, the affair has been finally set at rest and disposed of by a compromise, both sides having given way to a certain extent.\n\nThe draft of the Bill sent by the Senate to the Burgerschaft, but rejected by them, served as a sufficient basis for a rapprochement, and as both parties were agreed in principle, and only differed on certain, though important, points, the door was again opened for discussion.\n\nAn abstract of the amended Bill as agreed to is as follows :--\n\nLaw for the Alteration of the Hamburg Bank Valuta.\n\nArt. 1. Closing of the Accounts based on Silver Bars.—The date is fixed for the 15th Feb., 1879, the Burgerschaft originally wishing it to take place within eight days, and the Senate inclined to keep them open for six months longer.\n\nAfter the above date the balances of accounts can only be repaid in silver bars.\n\nArt. 3. Denomination of Payments in the New Currency made through the Bank.—In all agreements and contracts where payment is stipulated to be made through the Bank, it is required to write after the amount the letters B.Z., which stands for Bank Zahlung, or Bank payment.\n\nI have dwelt thus much upon the characteristics of the servants employed by foreigners, not only to show how they fare in this particular, but because these servants are the only natives with whom the foreign merchant comes more immediately into contact.\n\nThe opinion prevalent at home that foreigners mingle in Chinese society generally is altogether a mistaken one.\n\nThe conventional rules of the Chinese are so constituted, and their habits of thought and customs so peculiar, that there is little or no encouragement to court acquaintance on either part, even were the entire ignorance of each other's language not to present a serious bar in the way of an interchange of ideas.\n\nThere is a class of Chinese brokers and middle men who haunt the offices of the merchants, but they are mostly shrewd, clever upstarts, whom the difficulties of interlingual communication have introduced into the trade, and, with rare exceptions, they lay no claim to respectability even with the Chinese themselves.\n\nThe language employed between these brokers and the merchants is a jargon made up of English, Portuguese, Chinese, and Malay words, tortured into unrecognizable shapes and constructions, and it is little fitted to sustain any conversation beyond what appertains to the mere technicalities of trade.\n\nI have frequently expressed to our merchants the opinion that it is a pity they do not take the trouble to learn the Chinese language.\n\nIt is an acquirement in the spoken form to an extent sufficient for all practical purposes; offers no difficulties that an average intellect and a moderate share of determination cannot surmount, and familiarity with it would have the effect of freeing the foreigner from the domination of roguish brokers and compradores, at whose mercy he now lies, whilst it would open the way to a more extended acquaintance and friendly intercourse to the mutual advantage of both parties.\n\nThere is perhaps no country in the world frequented by the English-speaking race in which merchants are so lamentably ignorant of the customs and resources of the locality in which they live as they are at this moment in China, and this is entirely to be attributed to a want of familiarity with the language.\n\nTHE SUEZ CANAL.\n\nThe Suez Canal Company will continue to insist upon its recent advance of tolls, and declares that it will appeal to the decision of the Government.\n\nThe Ottoman Porte has protested, by order of the Sultan, against the competency of the Tribunal de Commerce de la Seine to interpret the Act of Concession of the Canal—a power which belongs to itself alone.\n\nThe Turkish Government also maintains that, the company being an Egyptian association, subject to the Ottoman jurisdiction, and having its headquarters at Alexandria, cannot admit a foreign jurisdiction in respect to its differences with third parties.\n\nThere is some idea of inviting the Marine Powers to hold a conference at Constantinople, in order to agree upon a uniform system for the measurement of tonnage.\n\nForeign Intelligence.\n\nGERMANY.\n\n(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)\n\nHAMBURG, Nov. 12.\n\nArt. 4. Belehnungen (or advances on deposits).—After the close of the silver accounts the Bank is authorised to receive as deposits the foreign coin hitherto accepted, as well as gold and silver bars, and credit the depositors for the amount in the new currency, according to the regulations drawn up by the administrators of the Bank and having been approved of by the Senate.\n\nArt. 5. Deferred fulfilment of obligations to pay in Banco.—After the closing of the silver accounts, all still outstanding engagements in Hamburg banco or in species banco, whatever may be the period of their origin and the nature of the claim, must be settled by Bank payment in Imperial gold coin, or in double or single silver thalers of German mintage, at the fixed rate of 150 marks new currency for 100 marks banco, with an agio of 18 per mille for species banco.\n\nBills of exchange falling due on the 15th of February, but not presented for payment till after that date, are to be calculated at the officially quoted price of silver on the day of their maturity.\n\nArt. 6. Transitory Regulations.—During the period of transition, viz., from the date of the opening of the accounts in the new Imperial currency till the 15th of May, 1873, creditors of the Bank may have the amount of their balance in Banco transferred, partly or entirely, to their account in the new currency at the fixed rate of 145 marks Imperial currency for 100 marks Banco, as such transfers are to be considered as Belehnungen, or advances on deposits.\n\nThe sum thus transferred may, at any time during the period of transition, be re-transferred to the silver account of the owner; but all such re-transfers must be made before the expiration of the period of transition, in default of which the Bank is authorised to realise the silver for account of the proprietor.\n\nDuring the period of transition only those who have paid in gold coin or silver thalers are at liberty to withdraw their balances in the same money.\n\nDuring the period of transition no charge will be made by the Bank on Imperial gold coin or silver thalers paid in or taken out.\n\nThe publication of this new law will take place in the course of this week, and the date to be fixed for the opening of the accounts in the new Imperial German currency is expected to be the 15th inst.\n\nBut this arrangement has no effect on cash payments made in Hamburg and Lubeck currency, which retain their value as hitherto, till a sufficiency of the new money is coined, which, as the minting operations proceed but slowly, may be deferred for two or three years longer.\n\nIt will be seen by the above that the Bergerschaft have abandoned one of the principal points on which they were at issue with the Senate, and that is that the loss sustained by the conversion of Banco into new currency, the agio on silver being at present rather more than one per cent. above par, should be borne by the State.\n\nAs it now stands everyone who has Banco will only get 150 marks new currency for every 100 marks Banco, and must bear the loss himself.\n\nThe sharp and somewhat bitter remarks made by certain organs of the press in England respecting the award of the Emperor of Germany in his capacity of Arbitrator in the Anglo-American dispute about the San Juan question have found a responsive echo at Berlin; and if these counter remarks have not been translated and reprinted in the English papers, it is perhaps owing to the editors remaining reticent, not to aggravate and increase the ill-feeling between the two countries.\n\nOne of your contemporaries says that the award is remarkable for being written in the German language, instead of the customary diplomatic French\" to which the Germans reply that this is an exploded idea, quite out of date; that the despatches of the German Government—railway companies have received instructions to discontinue, from December 1, the eddies hitherto praised to emigrants, of a reduction in the fares—amounting in some instances to 50 per cent.—and double allowance of luggage (100 lb. per head).\n\nThe number of emigrants that passed through this city to the end of October, 1871, is officially stated to be 37,324 persons, whilst at the same period this year it has risen to 65,151, and before the end of the year will no doubt have reached 80,000.\n\nDr. Hilgendorf, a native of this city, and formerly director of the Hamburg Zoological Gardens, and now professor at the Royal Polytechnic at Dresden, has received a call to go to Japan to prepare young natives for their subsequent studies of medicine at German universities.\n\nA considerable number of Japanese are now studying at Berlin, Leipzig, and Heidelberg.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 246,
        "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "# Proceedings of the Legislative Council\n\nThe total of ships entered into the two import-aut colonies of South Australia and Western Australia put together are actually less than the increase we have made this year. In truth, gentlemen, when I compare the position of this Colony with that of other colonies, and especially when I remember—and we are bound to do that, I think, in fairness—that in the nine months to which I have been referring, and of which I have the authentic returns now before me, it may be said that our prosperity is due to no real activity of trade in the United Kingdom or India, we surely have the utmost cause for satisfaction. In the United Kingdom during that period, there has been great depression. In India, we have had during the same period great mercantile uncertainty, an uncertainty that still continues. In China itself, we have had a severe and desolating famine, and even down to the Kwang-tung province, which this Colony adjoins, there has been during the same period unexampled and severe distress. Therefore, it is some satisfaction to me to-day in making to you this preliminary financial statement—sketching out to you the proposals I may have the honour to submit to you, I hope at the usual time next month—to know that in the history of this Colony, no Governor was ever before able to put before his Council such indisputable proofs of growing, steady, and safe prosperity as the facts that you have before you to-day. And, gentlemen, knowing that, I have every confidence that you will assist me cordially in dealing with the finances next month in such a way as to effect for the taxpayers of this Colony a considerable reduction. It will be our duty, no doubt, to maintain our revenue at a safe figure, and I would throw out to my unofficial friends this for consideration, that something like $900,000 a year ought at present to answer for all the requirements of the Colony. If you agree with me that we ought to determine our revenue this year at something like that figure, then you will at once see the feasibility of our making some considerable reductions of revenue; and this point, of course, we shall bear in mind in doing so, namely, that if we stimulate the opium farm, and if we gain much increase of revenue from the spirit farm, we ought at once to reduce taxation upon those who are producing the wealth of the Colony. The native junk trade, of course, is employed in producing the wealth of the Colony, but every householder here, every poor Portuguese clerk who works away with his pen in a merchant's office, is producing wealth by his labour, and I think it hard we should be deriving from the householders here such an exorbitant taxation as we have been doing. Therefore, gentlemen, in the sketch I have ventured to put before you, I have indicated on the one hand the exact state of the finances; you see how prosperous they are; I have also told you frankly the general idea I have of how we should deal with them, and when next November I submit my schemes to you more in detail, I shall look forward with confidence to receiving your support.—(Applause.)\n\nHon. P. RYRIE asked His Excellency if, in the estimate he had made of the expenditure for the end of the year, he had taken the full amount voted for the different departments, because he had been given to understand occasionally some of the departments did not spend the amounts voted. For instance, the Police sometimes did not spend the entire amount voted, and he would ask if in his estimate His Excellency had taken the full amount voted or only the amount actually expended.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY said he had only taken the actual expenditure of the nine months. It sometimes happened, indeed, it almost invariably happened, that a little more was voted than was required during the year, so that in almost every case there remained a small amount to be spent, but speaking generally, he could say that for the ensuing portion of this year, the expenditure would be in the same proportion it had been. He had not the figures before him, but there were some items which appeared in the estimates last year, some of which no expenditure whatever had been incurred. For instance, one for which his hon. friends, the unofficial members, kindly supported the vote, still he knew they entertained some little doubt about, and that was the item for a time ball. A considerable sum was voted for the establishment of an observatory and time ball, but hon. members entertained a little doubt about it, and accordingly, his hon. friend the Surveyor-General had not spent one farthing of that vote for an observatory. From time to time, as his hon. friend was aware, the Finance Committee had voted certain sums. These were all included.\n\nHon. P. RYRIE—They are supplementary.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY—They are supplementary, but they are included and appear in the statement submitted to me by the Treasurer. Sometimes money has to be spent immediately; for instance, after that heavy rainstorm, my hon. friend the Surveyor-General had to set to work immediately, and the Finance Committee then dealt with it.\n\nHon. P. RYRIE said that with regard to the Police rate, it was during the time of General Bunker that it was eleven per cent., and when he was superseded, it was put up.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY said that was so.\n\n## REFRACTORY PRISONERS\n\nHis EXCELLENCY moved the second reading of an Ordinance to amend Ordinance 4 of 1863.\n\nThe object of the Bill is to remove doubts as to whether punishments for breach of regulations or of prison discipline can be carried out after the expiration of the term for which the offender was originally sentenced. The Bill provides that such punishments can be carried out as if the original sentence had not expired.\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL said there was one point that might be raised with regard to the Bill, and that was that it made provision only for carrying out the sentence that was inflicted during the time the prisoner was under the sentence of some court or magistrate, but it had struck him it might happen that the prisoner was again refractory while undergoing his additional sentence. The Bill was brought in to prevent a system adopted by prisoners, whose term of their imprisonment was just about to expire, of becoming insubordinate and abusive, and it was thought there was no authority to keep them in prison after the expiration of the sentence. This Bill was therefore introduced to remove doubts, and authorised the prisoner being kept in gaol for any time to receive punishment under Ordinance 4 of 1863. But hon. members would observe that it only dealt with the sentence inflicted by the Visiting Justices while the prisoner was undergoing his original sentence. It was possible they might get hold of a refractory prisoner, who, at the expiration of the punishment imposed by the Visiting Justices, would be again insubordinate. The Bill might be referred to a Select Committee.\n\nThe ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY said that, subject to the correction of his hon. friend, and to make the object of the Ordinance quite clear, he might say there was a great difficulty indeed when men were under sentence in bringing them before a magistrate, so that after committing some breach of prison discipline, there was no means of punishment. They could not be punished in gaol because their time was just expiring, nor could they be brought before a magistrate because they were under gaol discipline at that time. There had been one or two cases of that kind, and it was believed the magistrate had no power in them. Therefore, the position of the Superintendent was particularly annoying, because the conduct of these men showed to others how far they might go without committing themselves.\n\nThe ACTING CHIEF-JUSTICE suggested that Ordinance 4 of 1863, which this Ordinance was to amend, might be repealed altogether. The Gaol Commission, which he had the honour to sit upon some time ago, recommended that that Ordinance should be altered, and perhaps a new Ordinance drawn up. If this course were adopted, then the provision the Attorney-General suggested might be made in the new Bill.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY—Gentlemen, I think that is a most admirable suggestion of His Honour the Chief Justice. There is no doubt the Commission has pointed out the fact that our present Ordinance is defective. The time has come when it ought to be remodelled, and I agree with the Attorney-General that we might refer this little Bill to a Select Committee, and perhaps at the same time, it would be proper to ask the Committee to consider the propriety of dealing with Ordinance 4 of 1863. Therefore, with your permission, I will refer this Bill. I hope, however, the Committee will get through with it as quickly as possible. The cases it applies to do not occur very often, but still they do occur. A prisoner gets three months; the very day he is released, he commits an offence, and we have no means of dealing with it. Therefore, I should like the Committee to pass it rapidly through, and perhaps also to deal as rapidly as possible with Ordinance 4 of 1863.\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL said the difficulty he had referred to struck him in reading...\n\nPage 233",
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        "document_key": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 13,
        "title": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "# THE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 19TH OCTOBER, 1878.\n\nbecause there was a strong feeling at the Legislative Council that it would not be proper to allow such money to enter into the revenue. The gambling funds had unfortunately, for a certain time, in opposition to the advice of the principal Members of this Council (the leading Unofficial Members), in opposition to the advice of the Chief Justice, and without the sanction of Her Majesty's Government, been paid into the revenue of the Colony; but when the facts became generally known, owing to the action taken at this Council table, and in other ways, orders were given that these licences should cease and in future the gambling fund should not be mixed with the revenue of this Colony. Unfortunately, what I am now detailing to you escaped attention. I had to inform the Secretary of State that the fund to which he referred had never been constituted, and in reply to the despatch in which I forwarded the statements of the gentleman in whose charge the department lay, I received the following reply:-\n\n\"I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch, No. 54, of the 1st July, relative to the amount of revenue derived from houses of ill-fame, and I approve of the steps which you have taken for constituting a special fund from this source in accordance with Ordinance 10 of 1867.\"\n\nIn other words, the special fund has now been formed, and in the preliminary financial statement I am now making to you, for the first time since that Ordinance passed, we shall not have to consider that an item of revenue, nor will it again appear in the Estimates of this Colony.\n\nThere are two reasons why the community of Hongkong should feel some interest, I venture to think, in the statement I am now making. If there is in our Treasury chest this large and unprecedented balance; if these leading items of revenue are steadily increasing—and, I should add, as one of the most significant, that the house tax (the amount we derive from the twelve per cent on the valuation of house property) is also increasing, and will reach its maximum this year—it, I say, everything is so flourishing, the community will fairly ask, has not the time arrived when some consideration may be given to the tax-payer, and especially to the householders in the Colony? I find that in 1868 the police rate, lighting rate, water rate, and fire brigade rate amounted to 11 per cent. In 1870 it was raised to 12 per cent., and since 1870 up to this moment it has stood at 12 per cent. Now, before venturing to say how we might deal with that, I should like to ask you to consider two other items of revenue to which I have now to refer.\n\nOne is what we derive from opium. That shows no increase, Whilst everything else increases, the Opium Farm is at a standstill, and we are to receive this year, 1878, the sum of $132,000, being the same sum that we received in 1877, and being less than the sum received in 1876, and considerably less than the sum received in 1875. The rent of the Opium Farm in 1875 was $137,000, in 1870, $133,000; it is now $132,000. Well, gentlemen, I am of opinion—and I know you concur with me—that by prudent management we ought to get for the Opium Farm, if not its full value, at all events a fair value, and therefore something largely in excess of what the present farmers pay.\n\nThere is another item of revenue, that of spirits. That brings us in a comparatively small sum, a sum far smaller than it realises for other Governments similarly situated to ours. I find that in 1877 we obtained from that source a revenue of $28,395. Instead of $28,000, we ought to receive from the Spirit Farm $100,000, if not more; and therefore it is, gentlemen, that in the months of August and September I asked the Unofficial Members of Council to meet me for the purpose of considering the question of how far they, as commercial men, would be prepared to assist me in establishing a Spirit Farm in the Colony; and also how far they would assist me in improving the Opium Ordinance so as to strengthen the hands of the opium farmer and encourage him to give a proper sum for the monopoly. I received from my Honourable friends the Unofficial Members valuable advice on these two points, and, speaking in the presence of my Honourable friends, I think I am justified in saying that they went entirely with me on the subject of the Spirit Farm. As regards the Opium Farm, there are certain alterations in the Ordinance which I contemplate submitting to you. They are alterations in detail, and I apprehend they are alterations which my Honourable friends will support. I may mention that I did draft, with the assistance of the Attorney General, a Bill to establish in this Colony an Opium Farm identical with that in Singapore. But my Honourable friends, who know more than I do of the commercial transactions of this Colony, and whose views on such subjects I always receive with the utmost deference, at once suggested that the proposed Bill should not be pressed; and of course I took their advice. The Bill will not be laid before you, but only such amendments of the existing law as my Honourable friends will approve.\n\nNothing would give me greater satisfaction than to lower considerably the rates and taxes in this Colony. Until I see my way to a proper sale of the Opium Farm, and until I find out what we can get from a Spirit Farm, I content myself with announcing to you in public the views I have already communicated to you in private, so that they may be considered by you and the Colony in general; and I think I may look for support from you in doing everything that can be lawfully done to stimulate our revenue from opium and spirits. With regard to the Spirit Farm, I am not disposed to think that its operation should be confined simply to Chinese spirits, from which I hope to get a very large revenue, but I think a Spirit Farm may also deal, as it does in Singapore, with other classes. We have in this Colony a large number of sailors and others who at this moment drink very bad and nominally very cheap spirit. One effect of the Spirit Farm would be to increase the revenue, but another effect would be to establish some check on the deleterious spirit now sold; so that the legislation I contemplate, and, perhaps, with your sanction, may succeed in passing, will not only increase our revenue but will benefit the consumer likewise.\n\nI have told you that there has been an increase in the revenue from junks. Now I know some of my Honourable friends, the Unofficial Members whom I have consulted from time to time on this subject, entirely agree with me with respect to the fees levied on junks. We levy at this moment on junks of 500 piculs a sea-going licence of $10 and a fishing licence of $1; under 500 piculs we levy $1 a month and 20 cents fishing licence; for vessels of 500 piculs and less than 1,000 we levy $15 sea-going licence, and $3 fishing licence; for vessels above 1,000 piculs we levy $20 sea-going licence. So far for the native shipping. Upon the whole of the European shipping we levy one cent a ton. Now, these two items are items of great significance: They both show an increase, and the increase they show furnishes us with one of the best and safest tests of the growing prosperity of the Colony. If the Opium Farm sells at the figure I anticipate, and if we can establish a Spirit Farm, I would ask you then to consider the advisability of entirely removing from the native trade of the Colony the licensing fees I have now detailed to you, and I would ask you also to consider the equity of considerably reducing the police, water, lighting, and fire brigade rates.\n\nGentlemen, I have no doubt the interest you feel in the statement I have made is, as men of business, not confined merely to seeing that our revenue is prosperous. What is the meaning of our rent-roll steadily increasing and being now at a figure never known before in the history of Hongkong? What is the meaning of the increase of the junk trade, and the increase in light dues? What is the meaning of all the other items of increase that I have spoken to you of? And I may add even such a small thing as the licences on chairs, carriages, and horses. The increase in all these items can be described in one word—prosperity. It means the prosperity of the Colony. Under the junk trade increase I assume at the close of this year—there are figures now before me—that we shall have on the native trade alone an increase of 80,000 tons in the year. And what does the increase in light dues during the first nine months of this year and up to this date indicate? It shows us that in the European and American shipping—the foreign shipping coming to this harbour—the increase in 1878 will be 300,000 tons, so that we may in the year 1878 calculate upon being able to show an increase of 390,000 tons of shipping entered into this Colony in cargo as compared with last year. To estimate the full value of that, I may remind you that the total shipping of Queensland, which is the largest Colony in area in the British Empire and not the least flourishing, amounts to 388,000 tons: that is, of ships entered with cargo. The total tonnage of ships entered into the two important Colonies of South Australia and Western Australia put together is actually less than the increase we have made this year. In truth, gentlemen, when I compare the position of this Colony with that of other Colonies, and especially when I remember—and we are bound to do that, I think, in fairness—that in the nine months to which I have been referring, and of which I have the authentic returns now before me, it may be said that our prosperity is due to no real activity of trade in the United Kingdom or India, we surely have cause for satisfaction.\n\nIn the United Kingdom during that period there has been depression. In India we have had during the same period mercantile uncertainty, an uncertainty that still continues. In China itself we have had a desolating famine, and even down to the Kwang-tung province, which this Colony adjoins, there has been during the same period unexampled and severe distress. Therefore, it is some satisfaction to me to-day, in making to you this preliminary financial statement—sketching out to you the proposals I may have the honour to submit to you, I hope, at the usual time next month—to know that in the history of this Colony no Governor was ever before able to put before his Council such indisputable proofs of growing, steady, and safe prosperity as the facts that you have before you to-day.\n\nAnd, gentlemen, knowing that, I have every confidence that you will assist me cordially in dealing with the finances next month in such a way as to effect for the tax-payers of this Colony a reasonable reduction. It will be our duty, no doubt to maintain our revenue at a safe figure, and I would throw out to my unofficial friends this for consideration, that something like $900,000 a year ought at present to answer us for all the requirements of the Colony. If you agree with me that we ought to determine our revenue this year at something like that figure, then you will at once see the feasibility of our making some reductions of taxation; and this point of course we shall bear in mind in doing so, namely, that if we stimulate the Opium Farm, and if we gain much increase of revenue from the Spirit Farm, we ought at once to reduce taxation upon those who are producing the wealth of the Colony. The native junk trade, of course, is employed in producing the wealth of the Colony, but every householder in this industrious community, every Chinese trader, every European man of business, every Portuguese clerk who works away with his pen in a merchant's office, is producing wealth by his labour, and I think it hard we should be deriving from a direct tax upon such householders the largest single item of our revenue. Therefore, gentlemen, in the sketch I have ventured to put before you I have indicated on the one hand the exact state of the finances; you see how prosperous they are; I have also told you frankly the general idea I have of how we should deal with them, and when next November I submit my schemes to you more in detail I shall look forward with confidence to receiving your support.—(Applause.)\n\nHonourable P. RYRIE asked His Excellency if, in the estimate he had made of the expenditure for the end of the year, he had taken the full amount voted for the different departments, because he had been given to understand occasionally some of the departments did not spend the amounts voted. For instance, the Police sometimes did not spend the entire amount voted, and he would ask if in his estimate His Excellency had taken the full amount voted or only the amount actually expended.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY said he had only taken the actual expenditure of the nine months. It sometimes happened, that more was voted than was required during the year, but speaking generally, he could say that for the ensuing portion of this year the expenditure would be in the same proportion it had been. There were some items which appeared in the Estimates last year on account of which no expenditure whatever had been incurred. For instance, one for which his Honourable friends the Unofficial Members had voted was the establishment of an observatory and time ball, but he subsequently ascertained that the Unofficial Members entertained a little doubt about it, and accordingly he had not spent one farthing of that vote. From time to time, as his Honourable friend was aware, the Finance Committee had voted certain sums.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY—They are supplementary; but they are included and appear in the statement submitted to me by the Treasurer. Sometimes money has to be spent immediately; for instance, after that heavy rain storm some months ago, my Honourable friend the Surveyor General had to set to work immediately and the Finance Committee then dealt with it. Honourable P. RYRIE said that with regard to the Police rate, it was during the time of General BRUNKER that it was eleven per cent, and when he was superseded it was put up.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY said that was so.",
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        "id": 303584,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 176,
        "title": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "# 171\n\n490 THE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 19TH OCTOBER, 1878.\n\nbecause there was a strong feeling at the Legislative Council that it would not be proper to allow such money to enter into the revenue. The gambling funds had unfortunately, for a certain time, in opposition to the advice of the principal Members of this Council (the leading Unofficial Members), in opposition to the advice of the Chief Justice, and without the sanction of Her Majesty's Government, been paid into the revenue of the Colony; but when the facts became generally known, owing to the action taken at this Council table, and in other ways, orders were given that these licences should cease and in future the gambling fund should not be mixed with the revenue of this Colony. Unfortunately, what I am now detailing to you escaped attention. I had to inform the Secretary of State that the fund to which he referred had never been constituted, and in reply to the despatch in which I forwarded the statements of the gentleman in whose charge the department lay, I received the following reply:-\n\n\"I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch, No. 54, of the 1st July, relative to the amount of revenue derived from houses of ill-fame, and I approve of the steps which you have taken for constituting a special fund from this source in accordance with Ordinance 10 of 1877,\"\n\nIn other words, the special fund has now been formed, and in the preliminary financial statement I am now making to you, for the first time since that Ordinance passed, we shall not have to consider that an item of revenue, nor will it again appear in the Estimates of this Colony.\n\nThere are two reasons why the community of Hongkong should feel some interest, I venture to think, in the statement I am now making. If there is in our Treasury chest this large and unprecedented balance; if these leading items of revenue are steadily increasing—and, I should add, as one of the most significant, that the house tax (the amount we derive from the twelve per cent on the valuation of house property) is also increasing, and will reach its maximum this year—if, I say, everything is so flourishing, the community will fairly ask, has not the time arrived when some consideration may be given to the tax-payer, and especially to the householders in the Colony? I find that in 1868 the police rate, lighting rate, water rate, and fire brigade rate amounted to 11 per cent. In 1870 it was raised to 12 per cent, and since 1870 up to this moment it has stood at 12 per cent. Now, before venturing to say how we might deal with that, I should like to ask you to consider two other items of revenue to which I have now to refer.\n\nOne is what we derive from opium. That shows no increase. Whilst everything else increases, the Opium Farm is at a standstill, and we are to receive this year, 1878, the sum of $132,000, being the same sum that we received in 1877, and being less than the sum received in 1876, and considerably less than the sum received in 1875. The rent of the Opium Farm in 1875 was $137,000, in 1876, $133,000; it is now $132,000. Well, gentlemen, I am of opinion—and I know you concur with me—that by prudent management we ought to get for the Opium Farm, if not its full value, at all events a fair value, and therefore something largely in excess of what the present farmers pay.\n\nThere is another item of revenue, that of spirits. That brings us in a comparatively small sum, a sum far smaller than it realises for other Governments similarly situated to ours. I find that in 1877 we obtained from that source a revenue of $28,895. Instead of $29,000, we ought to receive from the Spirit Farm $100,000, if not more; and therefore it is, gentlemen, that in the months of August and September I asked the Unofficial Members of Council to meet me for the purpose of considering the question of how far they, as commercial men, would be prepared to assist me in establishing a Spirit Farm in the Colony; and also how far they would assist me in improving the Opium Ordinance so as to strengthen the hands of the opium farmer and encourage him to give a proper sum for the monopoly. I received from my Honourable friends the Unofficial Members valuable advice on these two points, and, speaking in the presence of my Honourable friends, I think I am justified in saying that they went entirely with me on the subject of the Spirit Farm. As regards the Opium Farm, there are certain alterations in the Ordinance which I contemplate submitting to you. They are alterations in detail, and I apprehend they are alterations which my Honourable friends will support. I may mention that I did draft, with the assistance of the Attorney General, a Bill to establish in this Colony an Opium Farm identical with that in Singapore. But my Honourable friends, who know more than I do of the commercial transactions of this Colony, and whose views on such subjects I always receive with the utmost deference, at once suggested that the proposed Bill should not be pressed; and of course I took their advice. The Bill will not be laid before you, but only such amendments of the existing law as my Honourable friends will approve.\n\nNothing would give me greater satisfaction than to lower considerably the rates and taxes in this Colony. Until I see my way to a proper sale of the Opium Farm, and until I find out what we can get from a Spirit Farm, I content myself with announcing to you in public the views I have already communicated to you in private, so that they may be considered by you and the Colony in general; and I think I may look for support from you in doing everything that can be lawfully done to stimulate our revenue from opium and spirits. With regard to the Spirit Farm, I am not disposed to think that its operation should be confined simply to Chinese spirits, from which I hope to get a very large revenue, but I think a Spirit Farm may also deal, as it does in Singapore, with other classes. We have in this Colony a large number of sailors and others who at this moment drink very bad and nominally very cheap spirit. One effect of the Spirit Farm would be to increase the revenue, but another effect would be to establish some check on the deleterious spirit now sold; so that the legislation I contemplate, and, perhaps, with your sanction, may succeed in passing, will not only increase our revenue but will benefit the consumer likewise.\n\nI have told you that there has been an increase in the revenue from junks. Now I know some of my Honourable friends, the Unofficial Members whom I have consulted from time to time on this subject, entirely agree with me with respect to the fees levied on junks. We levy at this moment on junks of 500 piculs a sea-going licence of $10 and a fishing licence of $1; under 500 piculs we levy $1 a month and 20 cents fishing licence; for vessels of 500 piculs and less than 1,000 we levy $15 sea-going licence, and $3 fishing licence; for vessels above 1,000 piculs we levy $20 sea-going licence. So far for the native shipping. Upon the whole of the European shipping we levy one cent a ton. Now, these two items are items of great significance. They both show an increase, and the increase they show furnishes us with one of the best and safest\n\nTHE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 19TH OCTOBER, 1878.\n\n491\n\ntests of the growing prosperity of the Colony. If the Opium Farm sells at the figure I anticipate, and if we can establish a Spirit Farm, I would ask you then to consider the advisability of entirely removing from the native trade of the Colony the licensing fees I have now detailed to you, and I would ask you also to consider the equity of considerably reducing the police, water, lighting, and fire brigade rates.\n\nGentlemen, I have no doubt the interest you feel in the statement I have made is, as men of business, not confined merely to seeing that our revenue is prosperous. What is the meaning of our rent-roll steadily increasing and being now a figure never known before in the history of Hongkong? What is the meaning of the increase of the junk trade, and the increase in light dues? What is the meaning of all the other items of increase that I have spoken to you of? And I may add even such a small thing as the licences on chairs, carriages, and horses. The increase in all these items can be described in one word—prosperity. It means the prosperity of the Colony. Under the junk trade increase I assume at the close of this year—there are figures now before me—that we shall have on the native trade alone an increase of 20,000 tons in the year. And what does the increase in light dues during the first nine months of this year and up to this date indicate? It shows us that in the European and American shipping the foreign shipping coming to this port—the increase in 1878 will be 300,000 tons, so that we may in the year 1878 calculate upon being able to show an increase of 390,000 tons of shipping entered into this Colony in cargo as compared with last year. To estimate the full value of that, I may remind you that the total shipping of Queensland, which is the largest Colony in area in the British Empire and not the least flourishing, amounts to 388,000 tons; that is, of ships entered with cargo. The total tonnage of ships entered into the two important Colonies of South Australia and Western Australia put together is actually less than the increase we have made this year. In truth, gentlemen, when I compare the position of this Colony with that of other Colonies, and especially when I remember—and we are bound to do that, I think, in fairness—that in the nine months to which I have been referring, and of which I have the authentic returns now before me, it may be said that our prosperity is due to no real activity of trade in the United Kingdom or India, we surely have cause for satisfaction.\n\nIn the United Kingdom during that period there has been depression. In India we have had during the same period mercantile uncertainty, an uncertainty that still continues. In China itself we have had a desolating famine, and even down to the Kwang-tung province, which this Colony adjoins, there has been during the same period unexampled and severe distress. Therefore, it is some satisfaction to me to-day, in making to you this preliminary financial statement—sketching out to you the proposals I may have the honour to submit to you, I hope, at the usual time next month—to know that in the history of this Colony no Governor was ever before able to put before his Council such indisputable proofs of growing, steady, and safe prosperity as the facts that you have before you to-day.\n\nAnd, gentlemen, knowing that, I have every confidence that you will assist me cordially in dealing with the finances next month in such a way as to effect for the tax-payers of this Colony a reasonable reduction. It will be our duty, no doubt, to maintain our revenue at a safe figure, and I would throw out to my unofficial friends this for consideration, that something like $900,000 a year ought at present to answer us for all the requirements of the Colony. If you agree with me that we ought to determine our revenue this year at something like that figure, then you will at once see the feasibility of making some reductions of taxation; and this point of course we shall bear in mind in doing so, namely, that if we stimulate the Opium Farm, and if we gain much increase of revenue from the Spirit Farm, we ought at once to reduce taxation upon those who are producing the wealth of the Colony. The native junk trade, of course, is employed in producing the wealth of the Colony, but every householder in this industrious community, every Chinese trader, every European man of business, every Portuguese clerk who works away with his pen in a merchant's office, is producing wealth by his labour, and I think it hard we should be deriving from a direct tax upon such householders the largest single item of our revenue. Therefore, gentlemen, in the sketch I have ventured to put before you I have indicated on the one hand the exact state of the finances; you see how prosperous they are; I have also told you frankly the general idea I have of how we should deal with them, and when next November I submit my schemes to you more in detail I shall look forward with confidence to receiving your support.—(Applause.)\n\nHonourable P. Ryrie asked His Excellency if, in the estimate he had made of the expenditure for the end of the year, he had taken the full amount voted for the different departments, because he had been given to understand occasionally some of the departments did not spend the amounts voted. For instance, the Police sometimes did not spend the entire amount voted, and he would ask if in his estimate His Excellency had taken the full amount voted or only the amount actually expended.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY said he had only taken the actual expenditure of the nine months. It sometimes happened, that more was voted than was required during the year, but speaking generally, he could say that for the ensuing portion of this year the expenditure would be in the same proportion it had been. There were some items which appeared in the Estimates last year on account of which no expenditure whatever had been incurred. For instance, one for which his Honourable friends the Unofficial Members had voted was the establishment of an observatory and time ball, but he subsequently ascertained that the Unofficial Members entertained a little doubt about it, and accordingly he had not spent one farthing of that vote. From time to time, as his Honourable friend was aware, the Finance Committee had voted certain ... . These were all included.\n\nHonourable P. RYRIE.—They are supplementary.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY.—They are supplementary; but they are included and appear in the statement submitted to me by the Treasurer. Sometimes money has to be spent immediately; for instance, after that heavy rain storm some months ago, my Honourable friend the Surveyor General had to set to work immediately and the Finance Committee then dealt with it. Honourable P. RYRIE said that with regard to the Police rate, it was during the time of General BRUNKER that it was eleven per cent., and when he was superseded it was put up.\n\nHis EXCELLENCY said that was so.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "page_number": 463,
        "title": "CO129-184 - Governor Hennessy - 1879 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "## The Harbour System\n\nLightly so; for the former is for bathing; the question of the former interests the dock hospital precedes that of the Civil hospital; and as to the Central School Refuge, there is still the sum on Walls & Buildings.\n\n16. I see nothing else to notice under this head. And the amount to be expended on the Governor's entertainment allowance; I think that he might be allowed the same amount as at Singapore, which is £300 p.a.\n\n## Estimated Expenditure\n\nThe sum of $5000 was entered for a Time Ball in Victoria Harbour, which sum has not been spent and is to be quite in abeyance. Under Miscellaneous finances, the Telegraph Saw has mounted from below last year's vote.\n\n## Revenue\n\nThere are one or two separate points to be dealt with: \n(i) The Spirit farm - The main point is to increase revenue. It appears that the reduction of municipal rates loses to the revenue something over $30,000 per annum; on the other hand, the increase on the farm is $73,000 per annum; consequently, there appears to be no urgent necessity for raising the Spirit farm revenue.\n\nThe question then of the spirit farm can be decided on its own merits. If it is allowed in one Colony, I do not see why it should not be permitted in another. The amount might be raised to £1000. The state of finances is such as to justify an increase.\n\n## Meteorological Proposal\n\nIn connection with the Time Ball, there is a letter from the Meteorological Committee, asking that an Observatory may be established at Hongkong (`Sc. 2986`). This would be the time to refer the question to the colony and request the Governor, In: Hennessy, to consider whether the proposal might be carried out without...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-185 - Acting Governor Marsh Governor Hennessy - 1879 [6-12]",
        "page_number": 447,
        "title": "CO129-185 - Acting Governor Marsh Governor Hennessy - 1879 [6-12]",
        "content_text": "The principle of petty emoluments is objectionable.\n\nUnder Miscellaneous $1000 is entered for subscription to Peuters: no reply appears yet to have come to the Secretary of State ref: no 116 of the 27 Augst regarding a similar subscription in 77/78 & attention might be called to the point.\n\nI think the $10,000 for the Observatory might be approved if the Governor M: De La Rue should be told the decision. Consider the colony can stand it and if approved.\n\nCPL 31. Jan 2 HL The Meade You have examined this back to us for explanations about the central School, allowances to officers for Chinese teachers, chair hire &c.\n\nThe Estimate for 1880 contains no provision for new gaol.\n\nMINUTE PAPER.\n\n...may be considered and dealt with independently of either. I have nothing to add to Mr. Urmston's minute so far.\n\nNew gaol. No provision has yet been made for this work either in the present or in previous Estimates. The present decision is that we are to wait for the plans and estimates promised by the Governor (11215).\n\n79 Central School. Provision was first made for this work in the Estimates for 1876, but no progress appears to have been made beyond the site which appears to have cost $5000 (para. 16 of 10293). In the Estimates for 1878 the sum of $25,000 was inserted for building but was not spent. No plans and estimates yet...",
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        "document_key": "CO129-185 - Acting Governor Marsh Governor Hennessy - 1879 [6-12]",
        "page_number": 526,
        "title": "CO129-185 - Acting Governor Marsh Governor Hennessy - 1879 [6-12]",
        "content_text": "## \n\nhis office through arrangement with the new \n\n4. Under Miscellaneous Services I observe that $1000 has been entered for subscription to Printer's telegrams; I have requested explanation on this subject by despatch.\n\n6. If you are satisfied that the finances of the Colony can bear the outlay of $10000 for an Observatory, you are at liberty to propose to the council a vote for that amount.\n\n## MINUTE\n\nMr. Wingfield.  \nMr. Bramston.  \nMr. Meade.  \nMr. Herbert.  \nLord Cadogan.  \nSir M. Hicks Beach.\n\n... lausch Mi De La Puce to be informed that permission has been given you to do so.\n\nYou point out that you have endeavored to keep the vote for Works and Buildings within the amount which was sanctioned for last year: no provision however has been made for the Central School, a question now been standing for over a considerable time: It appears to me to be",
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        "id": 305017,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-186 - Public Offices & Others - 1879",
        "page_number": 274,
        "title": "CO129-186 - Public Offices & Others - 1879",
        "content_text": "268 \n\nMauritius, that it is hardly necessary for the New Committee to do more than point out to you the extreme importance of obtaining accurate records of the magnetic and Meteorological conditions of the China seas. Our knowledge of these facts is, at present, but scanty. The existing observatories at which continuous observations are taken on the eastern coast of Asia and the adjacent islands are Lut., Batavia `6.115 108. Ho E` Supported by Holland, Manila `14.53 N 121.27 E`, Zi-Ka-Wei `(Shanghai) 31.13 N 120.52 E` Supported by the Society of Jesus, and Pekin `39.53 N 116.29 E` The Russian Embassy. \n\n| Location | Latitude | Longitude | Supported By |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Lut. |  |  |  |\n| Batavia | 6.115 S | 108. Ho E | Holland |\n| Manila | 14.53 N | 121.27 E |  |\n| Zi-Ka-Wei (Shanghai) | 31.13 N | 120.52 E | Society of Jesus |\n| Pekin | 39.53 N | 116.29 E | The Russian Embassy |\n\nHong Kong, which divides the distance between Manila and Zi-Ka-Wei, would form a most valuable addition to the above list. The India Office have recently reconstituted the Meteorological system of Hindostan on an extensive scale, very ... and the Committee beg to forward herewith a letter from Mr. Blanford, the chief of that organization, in which he states very clearly the great advantages which would accrue, especially to Meteorology, from the establishment of an Observatory at Hong Kong. \n\nThe Committee estimate the cost of instrumental outfit at about £1000. The expenses of maintenance for Chemicals and illumination (Gas or Paraffin) would amount in this country to about £100 a year. The staff required would be Superintendent, with two or three Assistants. The Committee are not in a position to say what salaries would be required in Hong Kong for such officials, but the subordinate duties being such as could be performed by \"intelligent\" non-commissioned officers of the Army...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-189 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 337,
        "title": "CO129-189 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "334\n\nare overlooked\n\nI should be inclined to state this to Sir). Hammers\n\nIt a very desirable that the system of administration in Hong Kong should be assimilated to that of other Crown Colonies, and be repeated. It is urged upon Sir that the Colonial Secretary, who succeeds to the Government when the Governor is absent, should cease to be an ex-officio clerk when the Governor is present.\n\nIt might be asked what progress has been made in returning to what was hoped would be a more satisfactory system.\n\nApart from the Public Works vote, there is one other point in the Estimates which has to demand attention. I refer to the omission of the expenses of the Hospital. There is no obvious reason given in the papers now before me. But possibly due to the matter forms the subject of separate correspondence. If not, the matter should be inquired into.\n\nGRA\n\nIt is will be seen that the contract bill to the Colony from C.D. F... under... is omitted by...\n\nI now come to the Public Works vote, and the financial position generally.\n\nThe Public Works vote is, as I have already mentioned, $25,000 greater than that for 1880. The chief items are $20,000 for a Water Police Station, the necessity of which is explained in the accompanying despatch; $10,000 for the Observatory, which was already received the sanction of the Secretary of State; and $15,000 for the conversion of the old Lock into a General Hospital, which has been contemplated.\n\nOn the other hand, $15,000 in Estimates for the new Lock Hospital disappears, as well as $5,000 for a new Lunatic Asylum.\n\nIt seems, from the return of the Public Works expenditure for 1880 in 1879-80, that the whole of the\n\nPage 334\n\n \n\nbecomes \n# 334\n\nare overlooked\n\nI should be inclined to state this to Sir). Hammers\n\nIt is very desirable that the system of administration in Hong Kong should be assimilated to that of other Crown Colonies, and be carried out. It is urged upon Sir that the Colonial Secretary, who succeeds to the Government when the Governor is absent, should cease to be an ex-officio clerk when the Governor is present.\n\nMight I ask what progress has been made in returning to what was hoped would be a more satisfactory system?\n\nApart from the Public Works vote, there is one other point in their Estimates which has to demand attention. I refer to the omission of the expenses of the Hospital. There is no obvious reason given in the papers now before me. But possibly due to the matter forms the subject of separate correspondence. If not, the matter should be inquired into.\n\nIt will be seen that the contract bill to the Colony from C.D. F... under... is omitted by...\n\nI now come to the Public Works vote, and the financial position generally.\n\nThe Public Works vote is, as I have already mentioned, $25,000 greater than that for 1880. The chief items are $20,000 for a Water Police Station, the necessity of which is explained in the accompanying despatch; $10,000 for the Observatory, which was already received the sanction of the Secretary of State; and $15,000 for the conversion of the old Lock into a General Hospital, which has been contemplated.\n\nOn the other hand, $15,000 in Estimates for the new Lock Hospital disappears, as well as $5,000 for a new Lunatic Asylum.\n\nIt seems, from the return of the Public Works expenditure for 1880 in 1879-80, that the whole of the\n\nHowever, to follow the exact format required for the response:\n\n334\n\nare overlooked\n\nI should be inclined to state this to Sir). Hammers\n\nIt is very desirable that the system of administration in Hong Kong should be assimilated to that of other Crown Colonies, and be carried out. It is urged upon Sir that the Colonial Secretary, who succeeds to the Government when the Governor is absent, should cease to be an ex-officio clerk when the Governor is present.\n\nMight I ask what progress has been made in returning to what was hoped would be a more satisfactory system?\n\nApart from the Public Works vote, there is one other point in their Estimates which has to demand attention. I refer to the omission of the expenses of the Hospital. There is no obvious reason given in the papers now before me. But possibly due to the matter forms the subject of separate correspondence. If not, the matter should be inquired into.\n\nIt will be seen that the contract bill to the Colony from C.D. F... under... is omitted by...\n\nI now come to the Public Works vote, and the financial position generally.\n\nThe Public Works vote is, as I have already mentioned, $25,000 greater than that for 1880. The chief items are $20,000 for a Water Police Station, the necessity of which is explained in the accompanying despatch; $10,000 for the Observatory, which was already received the sanction of the Secretary of State; and $15,000 for the conversion of the old Lock into a General Hospital, which has been contemplated.\n\nOn the other hand, $15,000 in Estimates for the new Lock Hospital disappears, as well as $5,000 for a new Lunatic Asylum.\n\nIt seems, from the return of the Public Works expenditure for 1880 in 1879-80, that the whole of the",
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    {
        "id": 306629,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-189 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 385,
        "title": "CO129-189 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "(2)\n\nbe more stated than simply \"$10,000 from the Special Fund.\" I think we should have some little tables in connection with it. The Central School is not mentioned in the estimates, I presume on account of its not being supposed the building will be required next year, or, it may be, a supplementary vote is intended. But I hope there will not be any great delay in something being undertaken. I am sure the community view, with considerable anxiety, the length of time that has elapsed without anything being done to improve the condition of that school. It is understood to be ill ventilated and unhealthy. I have often heard the sympathy of the community expressed for both the teachers and those taught that no better provision was made for their comfort.\n\nThere is no mention in the estimates, your Excellency, with regard to Fire Tanks and provision for the better suppression of fires, in the event of such disasters as we have had. We have had experience in the past, and I would have liked to see some statement on that subject; and that brings me to the larger question of water supply, than which I am not aware of anything more deserving of consideration. There is not an adequate supply of water for the growing population of this Colony, and it is most important that where such a vital necessity as water is concerned we should look ahead. Waterworks to be made on an adequate scale cannot be quickly constructed. They will take a long period. I am not aware how long, but I don't think eighteen months or two years would see them completed; consequently, we should make some step in the way of obtaining what is so desirable.\n\nI think, too, in considering the medical portion of the estimates, that it would have been of interest if the Colonial Surgeon's report had been in the hands of the members of Council and also in possession of the public. It has not yet been published.\n\nI come now, Sir, to what I call the accumulating surpluses of the Colony. It is nice to have them, but I, for one, do not consider it is desirable that taxes should be maintained in order to have them. It would be well that taxation should be reduced when the taxation is known to be on a firm basis and adequate to provide a revenue to meet the expenditure. Nothing but what is needed should be withdrawn from the taxpayers. To have a small surplus is very desirable. To have large surpluses accumulating for the miserable pittance of five per cent. is not good, as I view it, for the general interests of the Colony. The lighter taxation is, the more prosperous people are likely to be. It is well to have these surpluses. No one can find fault with them, and I can only hope that either in water supply or some other outlay the sums may be invested in such a manner as to compensate the taxpayers for not having the money in their own pockets instead of in the Treasury.\n\nvery\n\nHis EXCELLENCY—Gentlemen, I feel obliged to my honourable friend for having congratulated the Council on what he has been good enough to describe as the satisfactory state of the colonial finances. I concur with him also in thinking that the revenue of the Colony indicates commercial prosperity. So far, therefore, upon the broad question with which this bill deals, none of us—you who assist me or I myself who have the greater responsibility in controlling the expenditure of the Colony—have any cause to complain of the present position of our finances.\n\nWith respect to the remarks of my honourable friend upon...\n\n(3)\n\nI received from Sir MICHAEL HICKS-BEACH in 1879, he enclosed for my consideration the following letter, which is from the Royal Society. It is signed by Mr. WARREN DE LA RUE, for the Kew Committee.\n\n\"I am instructed by the Kew Committee of the Royal Society to request that you will bring to the notice of the Right Honourable the Secretary of State, the favourable position occupied by the Colony of Hongkong for certain physical observations, especially with regard to the typhoons of the China seas, on Meteorology generally, and on Terrestrial Magnetism, with a view to a communication and of an effort to induce the Government of that Colony to support for a limited term of years an Observatory provided with self-recording instruments.\n\n\"Her Majesty's Government have already shown so warm an interest in the promotion of physical research, in connection with the Observatory of the Mauritius, that it is hardly necessary for the Kew Committee to do more than point out to you the extreme importance of obtaining accurate records of the Magnetic and Meteorological conditions of the China seas.\n\n\"Our knowledge of these facts is, at present, but scanty. The existing Observatories at which continuous observations are taken on the Eastern Coast of Asia and the adjacent islands are—Batavia, lat. 6 deg. 11 min. S., long. 106 deg. 40 min. E., supported by Holland. Manila, lat. 14 deg. 53 min. N., long. 120 deg. 52 min. E., Society of Jesus. Zi Ka Wei (Shanghai), lat. 31 deg. 13 min. N., long. 121 deg. 27 min. E., Society of Jesus. Peking, lat. 39 deg. 53 min. N., long. 116 deg. 29 min. E., the Russian Embassy.\n\n4\n\nHongkong, lat. 22 deg. 15 min. N., long. 114 deg. 12 min. E., which divides the distance between Manila and Zi Ka Wei, would form a most valuable addition to the above list.\n\nThe India Office have recently reconstituted the Meteorological system of Hindostan on a very extensive scale, and the Committee beg to forward herewith a letter from Mr. BLANFORD, the chief of that organization, in which he states very clearly the great advantages which would accrue, especially to Meteorology, from such a measure as the establishment of an Observatory at Hongkong.\n\n\"The Committee estimate the cost of instrumental outfit at about £1,000.\n\n\"The expenses of maintenance for chemicals and illumination (Gas or Paraffin) would amount in this country to about £100 a year.\n\n\"The staff required would be a Superintendent, with two or three Assistants.\n\nThe Committee are not in a position to say what salaries would be required at Hongkong for such officials, but the subordinate duties being such as intelligent non-commissioned officers of the army have before been found competent to perform, they need not be very high.\n\n\"The Committee would therefore venture to hope that the Colonial Office will be pleased to forward this suggestion to the proper quarter, with such recommendations on the subject as they are led to anticipate from the interest in the promotion of Science so frequently evinced by your Department; and which Governor POPE HENNESSY is so well qualified to appreciate.\"\n\nIn writing to Sir MICHAEL HICKS-BEACH on the 20th November, 1879, I said—\n\n\"I have read with much interest Mr. WARREN DE LA RUE's letter enclosed in your despatch No. 105 of August last, suggesting on behalf of the Royal Society the establishment of an Observatory in this Colony, more especially with reference to Meteorology and Terrestrial Magnetism. As you were good enough to say that I might consider this question when bringing the finances of the Colony before you, I have done so, and I venture earnestly to support Mr. DE LA RUE's suggestions, on local as well as on Imperial grounds.\n\n\"Two...\n\nas to the deficit I found here on my arrival in April, 1877, it may, of course, be possible in any Colony where a deficit is discovered to point to the fact that a portion of the expenditure of the preceding year was laid out on the purchase of something which would actually remain in the Colony. For instance, a very large deficit has been discovered in the finances of India, and if we were to be told that a considerable sum had been laid out on public works, it would be true, but it would be no answer to the statement that in conducting your finances you are to avoid a deficit. Whatever sum you lay out should be met by the revenue of that year; otherwise there is a deficit.\n\nMy honourable friend referred also to the views entertained with respect to the question of the sale of land. I am sure, coming from my honourable friend, the views he expressed are well worthy of our consideration. There is no doubt whatever that the sale of land in this Colony ought, a priori, to lead to the building of houses and to an increase of revenue indirectly, but I should like to ask my honourable friend, whether in the history of Hong Kong it has ever come to pass that land sales have taken place and that large quantities of land have been purchased, and that those large quantities of land have been held by land speculators to this moment unbuilt?\n\nThat which would be of no very great moment in a large Colony is a serious thing in a little island like this, and if the Surveyor General were to turn to his books now and find out for us the lots of land purchased both in the East and West ends of this town and remaining idle—some purchased, I think, by honourable friends of mine sitting at the table; others purchased by the gentlemen who, in the exercise of their own business, have chosen to do so (and they are fully entitled to do it)—we should see that many lots purchased years ago are lying perfectly idle.\n\nWhen the question, furthermore, is raised, how is it that house-rent is so dear, it is not the Government that is to blame. We have very few building sites in this Colony. The land has passed from the Crown into the hands of private individuals, and I have no power to compel them to build houses on the land. They pay a modicum of rent; they comply with the trust of their deeds; and there, as far as we are concerned, the matter ends. If, for public purposes, I require land, I can, under our Ordinances, reclaim it, but I cannot compel any of these gentlemen to build houses.\n\nAt the same time, I must again repeat that my honourable friend's eminent position as a business man entitles any remarks he makes on this subject to the very best consideration of the Council.\n\nNow, with respect to the expenditure, my honourable friend has pointed out that in the Estimates, as they were submitted to the Finance Committee, and as they are now before the Council, there are several omissions. But before referring to the omissions, and very important ones they were to which my honourable friend alluded, —I will say a word on the question of the Time Ball and Observatory. The vote I have taken for that is $10,000. In a despatch years ago, in the first Estimates I prepared in Hongkong, I took the liberty of including a sum of $5,000 for an Observatory and Time Ball. Further consideration has convinced me that, \"in addition to what may be necessary for securing an accurate Time Ball, we ought to have in this Colony a thoroughly efficient means of recording such physical observations as Mr. DE LA RUE refers to.\n\n\"If, therefore, you will approve of my doing so, I should be glad to submit to the Finance Committee a vote of ten thousand dollars for a general scientific Observatory. I believe such a vote would be cheerfully supported by the majority of the Legislative Council, and that there would be no difficulty in including it in a supplementary Estimate for 1880.\"\n\n\"no...\n\nWell, gentlemen, in reply to that despatch of mine the Secretary of State authorised me to deal with the question in the Estimates that are now before you, and I have acted on that authority. With re—\n\nPage 382",
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        "id": 309890,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 16,
        "title": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "The requisite Cast See\n\nThe Kess Committee sent a list of instruments in February 2771/81.\n\nI do not see much ease in referring to them till we hear further on this point.\n\nI agree with the Department.\n\nWhate Has 76 CPL.\n\nOn 7 Nov, this is, I think, with the Estimates, but 20060 is the material paper which would enable me to answer your question; if I may keep this a day or two longer, I will send a précis paper circular round in search of it.\n\nThe Office,\n\nM: Bramston.\n\n8/11\n\nI had the papers in question and it may be well to explain how the Scheme originally began.\n\nOn the estimates for 1878, Sir Hennessy entered $5000 for a Time Ball in Victoria Harbour.\n\nHe was told in reply that until details were furnished of this, as of Other Public Works, no expenditure was to be incurred upon it.\n\nNo original proposal to hand.\n\n$10,000? anything beyond this been appeared.\n\n20360/7916201/80 - not with the papers.\n\nMr. Ramsay.\n\nM.8/11\n\n7\n\n20360 is the reference referred to at the beginning of my minute, & which I could not minute this legibly (as I explained) not having any knowledge of the earlier correspondence.\n\nI felt, however, obliged to ask for a large official reply.\n\nSuch details were given.\n\nIn 1879, the Kew Observatory Committee pointed out the advantages that Science would gain by establishing...",
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    {
        "id": 309901,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 27,
        "title": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "(2)\n\n1. Will the Buildings be limited to, and used only for, giving the correct time, and for a Time-Ball? Or is the Building to include within its walls accommodation for a complete system of Meteorological and Astronomical Observations, in addition to the above?\n\n2. Are quarters for the Observer and his staff to be provided in the same building, or are they to be postponed, and separate and detached buildings erected for their accommodation from time to time as they may be required?\n\n3. Is a Magnetic observatory to be included in the general scheme? This would have to be a separate and distinct building, constructed underground at some distance from the other Observatory.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\n(3)\n\nas a broad exposition of the purposes which such an institution should be made to subserve, as well as of the scope which should be given to it and the main features of construction, I would suggest it be forwarded to the Colonial Secretary, for the information of His Excellency the Governor, with any separate remarks that you may wish to make.\n\nIf His Excellency approves of the scheme, I shall be very glad to help in preparing the detailed plans and to advise generally as to further procedure in the matter.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour obedient Servant,\n\nTo the Honourable\n\nTHE ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY,\n\n&c.,\n\n&c.,\n\n&c.\n\nSir,\n\nYour obedient Servant,\n\nE. BOWDLER,\n\nActing Surveyor General.\n\nBOWDLER, Esq.,\n\nActing Surveyor General,\n\nH. S. PALMER,\n\nMajor, R.E.\n\n26\n\nMINUTE BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR.\n\nOn sending the letter of the Acting Surveyor General, of the 14th of April, to Major-General DONOVAN, he was good enough to sanction Major PALMER's being consulted by the Acting Surveyor General as to the plans and details of the proposed Observatory.\n\n23rd April, 1881.\n\n[In C.S.O. No. 1091.]\n\nJ. POPE HENNESSY.\n\nMINUTE BY THE ACTING SURVEYOR GENERAL AND MAJOR H. S. PALMER, R.E.\n\nREPORT\n\nON THE PROPOSAL TO ESTABLISH A PHYSICAL OBSERVATORY AT HONGKONG, BY MAJOR H. S. PALMER, R.E., F.R.A.S.\n\nOn examining the papers which relate to this subject, I find that, in September, 1879, Sir CHARLES HICKS-BEACH, then Secretary of State for the Colonies, forwarded, for the consideration of His Excellency the Governor, the following letter which he had received from Dr. Warren De La RUE, Vice-Chairman of the Kew Committee of the Royal Society:\n\n\"I am instructed by the Kew Committee of the Royal Society to request that you will bring to the notice of the Right Honourable the Secretary of State the favourable position occupied by the Colony of Hongkong for certain physical observations, especially with regard to the typhoons of the\n\nAs desired by His Excellency the Governor, this matter has been referred to Major PALMER, who has prepared a Report, with plans, embodying a complete scheme for the Observatory and staff, and now submitted for His Excellency's consideration, together with a covering letter from the author.\n\nThe Acting Surveyor General entirely agrees with the statements in Major PALMER's report.\n\nto Governor POPE HENNESSY, and of an effort to induce the Government of that Colony to support for a limited term of years, an Observatory provided with self-recording instruments.\n\nA contoured plan of Mount Elgin, prepared in the Surveyor General's Office, is also submitted herewith.\n\n5th August, 1881,\n\nReport submitted to His Excellency.\n\n5th August, 1881.\n\nE. BOWDLER,\n\nActing Surveyor General.\n\nH. S. PALMER,\n\nMajor, R.E.\n\nMINUTE BY THE ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY.\n\nM. S. TONNOCHY,\n\nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\nMAJOR H. S. PALMER, R.E., TO THE ACTING SURVEYOR GENERAL.\n\nSIR,--As was arranged between us when you were good enough to call upon me on the 17th of May, to consult me about the Observatory proposed to be established in Hongkong, I have written the accompanying Report, which contains my views on the whole subject. If you concur with this\n\nHONGKONG, 17th July, 1881.\n\n\"Her Majesty's Government have already shown so warm an interest in the promotion of physical research, in connection with the Observatory of Mauritius, that it is hardly necessary for the Kew Committee to do more than point out to you the extreme importance of obtaining accurate records of the Magnetic and Meteorological conditions of the China seas.\n\nOur knowledge of these facts is, at present, but scanty. The existing Observatories at which continuous observations are taken on the Eastern Coast of Asia and the adjacent islands are--Batavia, lat. 6 deg. 11 min. S., long. 106 deg. 40 min. E., supported by Holland. Manila, lat. 14 deg. 53 min. N., long. 120 deg. 52 min. E., Society of Jesus. Zi Ka Wei (Shanghai), lat. 31 deg. 13 min. N., long. 121 deg. 27 min. E., Society of Jesus. Peking, lat. 39 deg. 53 min. N., long. 116 deg. 29 min. E., the Russian Embassy.\n\nHongkong, lat. 22 deg. 15 min. N., long. 114 deg. 12 min. E., which divides the distance between Manila and Zi Ka Wei, would form a most valuable addition to the above list.\n\nThe India Office have recently reconstituted the Meteorological system of Hindostan on a very extensive scale, and the Committee beg to forward herewith a letter from Mr. BLANFORD, the chief of that organization, in which he states very clearly the great advantages which would accrue, especially to Meteorology, from such a measure as the establishment of an Observatory at Hongkong.\n\nThe Committee estimate the cost of instrumental outfit at about £1,000.\n\nThe expenses of maintenance for chemicals and illumination (Gas or Paraffin) would amount in this country to about £100 a year.\n\n41",
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        "id": 309903,
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        "title": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "(6) \n\nWhen the error of the standard sidereal clock has been computed from observations of far \n\n(7) \n\nI should recommend some special provision for ascertaining the latitude of the Observatory, if it \n\nerror of the lay to compare that clock with the mean-time clock, and then to calculad there t that Lieutenant-Commander GREEN, U.S.N., commanding the United States' surveying-vessel \n\ngreat and \n\nerror of the latter on mean solar time, in order that it may be set right as above explained Palos, is already in these seas, engaged in the special task of determining true positions by the best If the clocks are in different rooms, and cannot be compared directly with one another,odern methods, for purposes chiefly of marine cartography. In this branch of work, which has been it is necessary to employ huck chronometers. Or else, which is simpler and more accurselected hitherto by our Admiralty, the United States' hydrographers have already made to have in the same room with the solar clock a chronometer regulated electrically by sidereal clock, and beating in unison with it. \n\nvalle progress in many parts of the world. It was Lieutenant-Commander GREEN who detected At Greenwich, there are two chronometer error of the Lisbon longitude above referred to; and I have no doubt that, when he comes here, on a desk in one of the offices, one regulated by the solar clock, the other by the sidered he will determine the latitude of some point in the Colony with considerable accuracy. He will also clock; and, as the commutating apparatus for correcting the mean solar clock is on the same \n\ncertain our longitude, as one station in a series comprising Nagasaki, Yokohama, Shanghai, Amoy, single individual, in the shortest time possible. I think, however, that, by putting our chronic has of late been accurately re-determined by telegraph from St. Petersburg), and at the onge nograph into the sume room with the mean solar clock, we may dispense with all of these with Madras. This, however, will not do away with the advisability of a repetition of the longi- devices. It will then only be necessary to place the chronograph in circuit with the siderea ende determination as suggested in the previous paragraph, especially as such repetition will involve only \n\ndesk, the whole operation of computing, comparing and correcting is done on one spot, by Hongkong, Manila, Saigon and Singapore, connected at one end with Vladivostok (the longitude of \n\nclock, when the click of the armature or movements of the pencil on the former, taken i connexion with the beats of the mean solar clock, will furnish means for sufficiently accurat comparison. (5). A Time-Ball and apparatus, complete with electro-magnetic mechanism for dropping the ball \n\nat the instant of noon by the mean solar clock, and sending a return signal to the Obser vatory: also the usual air-apparatus or springs for checking its fall. Provision must be made for connecting the clock and time-ball together by an underground telegraph line, the con- \n\na trifling outlay. \n\nOf the above apparatus, I recommend that the transit-instrument and collimator be ordered from \n\nof the Strand. Messrs. TROUGHTON & SIMMS; the time-ball, chronograph, clocks and chronometers from Messrs. DENT, I have no exact knowledge of the cost of a time-ball, but I estimate that the rest of the equipment, as described above, should be procurable for about £500, and that a complete time-ball apparatus should not cost more than £400. \n\nSite. I have examined the site which has been proposed, at Mount Elgin, on the Kau-lung \n\nducting wire of which should be of large gange. This cable may be laid in earthenware pipes, Peninsula. The chief feature is a flat, gravelly hill-top, roughly circular, and some 200 feet in \n\nand the line must be efficiently guarded by \"lightning-protectors.\" \n\n(6). A pair of Chronometers, one rated to sidereal and the other to mean solar time, will be re \n\nquired, for general use and for emergencies. \n\ndiameter. There is a smaller eminence, of corresponding height, about 400 feet to the west of it. The former of these is clearly the place for the principal building. It is at a suitable altitude (100 feet above the sea) and sufficiently roomy, commands a fair sky view, and fulfils generally the requirements an observatory site. The second eminence would, as Mr. BOWDLER has suggested, answer very well for the chief magnetic building. \n\n(7). A Collimating telescope--or a telescope with cross-threads in the focus, but a plain glass cap of instead of an eye-pices at the eye end-should be supplied, and metal supports for it to rest in. This instrument is more convenient for collimating than the Bohnenberger eye-piece, and the distant mark cannot always be counted on for the purpose, as its apparent steadiness is liable to be affected by surface radiation. \n\n(8). Distant meridian-mark. This may be made of a sheet of iron, say two feet by three feet, firmly attached to the face of a small brick pier at some distance either to the north or the south of the transit-instrument, painted with a fine cross, and pierced at the intersection of the cross for illumination at night. It can be provided locally. The hole should be of such a size that the light from a reflecting lamp placed bebind it, in a receptacle in the pier, may be seen \n\nAlthough for a time-ball, which must be visible by all the shipping, a site at Kau-lung would seem to be preferable to any other, on account of its central position and commanding view of the entire harbour, there are obvious reasons why it might be better, if possible, to have the Observatory on Hongkong itself. Unfortunately, however, the site and neighbourhood of Victoria are not available for such a purpose, as the heights which rise so steeply behind the city shut from view a large section of southern sky, extending up to 25° of altitude. This objection applies generally to sites on the north side of the island. A site in many respects suitable might be chosen on the west side, in the neigh- bourhood of Pok-fú-lam, but this would have the disadvantage of being a long way from town, and at a \n\nin the instrument like a star of the sixth magnitude. Or a gas-jet and reflector would serve somewhat inconvenient altitude. Another drawback which it would possess, and which, indeed, holds instead of a lamp. At a distance of one mile, the hole should be about 0.3 inch in diameter. good as to sites generally in the island, is that the attraction of the abrupt adjacent hill-masses would undoubtedly affect the spirit-levels of the instruments, a point not to be overlooked when choosing a site for an observatory that may hereafter attain scientific importance. \n\nIt is well to place the mark approximately horizontal with respect to the instrument. For an Observatory at Kau-lung, it would be convenient to fix the meridian-mark in Hongkong. \n\nThe above list includes all the apparatus that is necessary for time-determinations and the time- ball. It also comprises means for an excellent telegraphic determination of the longitude of the transit- instrument, by connexion with a fixed observatory, say that of Madras. With the cooperation of the Telegraph Company, which would pretty certainly be forthcoming, I see no reason to doubt that Madras time could be transmitted to Hongkong if an assistant with a chronometer were stationed at Singapore, to repeat the signals; and, vice verså, that Hongkong time could be transmitted to Madras. From this double process, the longitude may be determined with high precision, and at no cost except that of connect- ing the Observatory, by the nearest line of telegraph, with the Central Office in Queen's Road, and sending an assistant for a few days to Singapore. The importance of such determinations, especially as aids to \n\nOn the whole, therefore, I concur in the Surveyor-General's opinion that Mount Elgin affords the best available site for the Observatory. From that point, the Hongkong hills in the south shut out no more than 4° or 5° of sky, and Victoria Peak itself has an elevation of only about 7°. \n\nThe Time-Ball might be erected on any commanding point which fulfils the indispensable condition of being well seen from end to end of the harbour. Certain conditional rights, the exact scope of which I have not been able to ascertain, are held by the War Department over the plot of land, partly occupied by the Tsim-shá-tsui Police Station, which seems the natural place for the time-ball mast. The War Department also hold the high ground of the southeastern promontory. I understand that the Police Station will shortly be moved a little further back on the plateau which it now occupies, so as to clear the War Department limits. The best plan, in that case, will be to let the \n\nmarine cartography, can hardly be overstated, for it is certain that a very large proportion of the hitherto small building and mast for the Time-Ball be made an adjunct to the Police Station. The ball should \n\naccepted longitudes, dependent on observations of the Moon or on chronometric meridian distances, are seriously incorrect. Even at a place so near to Greenwich as Lisbon, the longitude was found only two years ago to be more than two miles in error. With its longitude determined accurately by the telegraphic process, the Hongkong Observatory would furnish a fundamental meridian for these seas, and marine charts would, or ought to, be brought into conformity with its exact position as thus ascertained. \n\nbe a large one, eight or nine feet in diameter, and be painted with broad bands of white and bright red. Building.The building for the Observatory must contain a general office and computing room, an office for the Director, a room for the mean solar clock, chronograph, batteries, &c., and on either side a wing room, one for the transit-instrument and sidereal clock, the other for the additional \n\n28",
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        "title": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "(10)\n\nJapan. Hongkong itself occupies a position which is comparatively exempt from typhoons, the majority of these storms passing either to the east or south of the island. As is shown in a monograph lately published by the Director of the Zi Ka Wei observatory, near Shanghai, of thirteen typhoons which traversed the South China sea last year, two only passed at all near to Hongkong, and of these the centre-tracks were at a sufficiently safe distance. Nevertheless, it is hardly possible to overstate the value of Manila as a warning station for vessels about to leave Hong Kong's southern, eastern or northern ports, or vessels approaching it from those places. Means should therefore be provided for enabling the Director of the Hongkong Observatory to be placed, whenever necessary, in prompt communication by telegraph with Manila, Amoy, Shanghai, Saigon and Singapore as well as with the south of Japan. A system of daily telegraphic weather exchanges with the chief ports should also be organized as soon as possible. For these purposes, it will be necessary to connect the Observatory with the existing telegraph line which crosses the harbour to Kowloon Dock to Whitfield Police Station. The Observatory may thus be made to fulfil the useful purpose of a Weather Intelligence Office in times of danger for the whole neighbouring region; while from the daily exchanges, ships' logs, and trustworthy private observations, a large body of facts relating to typhoons and the monsoons may be gradually amassed.\n\nThe Photographic instruments will comprise three Magnetometers, for continuous registration of changes in the declination and the horizontal and vertical forces by means of a central recording apparatus, driven by clockwork and carrying the photographic papers—the whole constituting, with accessories, a complete Magnetograph. They will exhibit the periodic variations, as well as those mysterious phenomena of simultaneous disturbance extending over the entire earth's surface and called magnetic storms, which are amongst the most extraordinary in the whole range of physics. The magnet of the Declination magnetometer is placed in the magnetic meridian; that for measuring variations of the Horizontal force is compelled by torsion to take a position transverse to the meridian; the third, for measuring variations of Vertical force, is balanced on knife-edges.\n\nIt is also used for ascertaining the absolute value of the horizontal component of total force in the direction of the dip, by observations of deflection and vibration. The Unifilar Magnetometer is used for determining the absolute declination.\n\nThe Dip-Circle affords measures of the magnetic inclination, or \"dip,\" and can be used under certain circumstances for measuring variations of the total force.\n\nIt is most unfortunate that the south part of Formosa is not as yet provided with telegraphic means of communication. This is a cardinal point in the chain of surrounding stations, and, until it is brought into telegraphic connexion with the rest, our system of weather intelligence cannot be made as perfect as might be desired. The exclusion of Hainan in this respect is also to be regretted. For purposes of warning to vessels in Hongkong harbour, a signal-mast should be erected near the Time-Ball at Kowloon, and a code of signals established and given the fullest publication. The signals might be repeated on the existing mast at the Harbour Office.\n\nThe chief magnetic building, for the differential instruments, should be a basement or vault, almost wholly underground, and contain an instrument-chamber and a photographic laboratory. I recommend about 22 feet by 20 feet and 12 feet by 10 feet as suitable dimensions for those rooms, and the building should be laid out with the long side of the instrument-room inclined 15 degrees to the west of magnetic north, the laboratory being at the northern end.\n\nThe annexed small drawing will give an idea of the character of the building which I propose, and of the positions of the instruments. It shows that the actual chamber for the magnetograph has an arched roof, and is wholly enclosed within a similar building, the walls and roofs of the two being separated by a space of two feet. The floor of the chamber is 15.4 feet below the surface of the ground, and the highest point of the external arch is 21 feet above the floor. Covering this arch, there will be (1) 3 inches of asphalte, (2) six inches of fine concrete, (3) two feet of earth; the surface being finally turfed. Small relieving arches will need to be built at intervals between the side walls of the outer and inner chambers, in order to meet the thrust upon the inner walls. The main chamber will be quite dark, but a small amount of yellow light will be admitted to the laboratory.\n\nWhen the scientific establishment at Kowloon has been fairly started, it will probably be considered needless to keep up all of the meteorological stations now existing in different parts of the Colony. I certainly think that the stations at the Harbour Office, Stone Cutters' Island and Hospital might very well be abolished. But I would recommend that those at Victoria Peak and Cape d'Aguilar be retained, as they are points at which observations, especially those of the barometer and the wind, will always be of value; and I suggest that both places be supplied with an anemometer, in order that the wind may be observed more accurately than is possible at present, care being taken to get instruments of superior strength.\n\nIII Terrestrial Magnetism.\n\nAlthough the character of the rocks and soil of Hongkong and Kowloon is not the most favourable that could be chosen for magnetic research, yet the position of the Colony on the magnetic chart, and with respect to other places where observatories are already established, leaves no room to doubt that well-conducted observations of this class will be of great value to the science. These will comprise observations for determining the Absolute Values of the elements of the Earth's magnetic force, namely, its Declination, Inclination and Intensity—as well as those for ascertaining the periodic, secular and irregular Variations which the elements undergo, and the laws of which still await complete theoretical explanation. The former class of determinations—i.e., those of Absolute values—are pretty certain to be more or less prejudicially affected by local attraction proceeding from the granitic rocks and soil; but the Variations, which form by far the more important object of research, can be deduced just as well in the presence as in the absence of local attraction.\n\nThe instruments with which Dr. DE LA RUE proposes to equip the magnetic branch are,\n\nFor the above and other essential details, Mr. BOWDLER's past experience in designing and erecting the excellent Magnetic Observatory at Mauritius will prove of the utmost service in the present case. Mr. BOWDLER has, indeed, been good enough to prepare a detailed drawing after the pattern of the Mauritius building, and although I propose, for the sake of economy, to depart in some important respects from the plan there carried out, his drawing furnishes much practical and useful information, applicable to all works of this kind. It has been of great service to me in preparing the accompanying design.\n\nA set of photographic self-registering Magnetic instruments, of the Kew pattern, with accessories, &c.;\n\nA Unifilar Magnetometer;\n\nA Dip-Circle, with four needles;\n\nall of which, as well as the Meteorological instruments, will be verified at Kew before they are sent out. Their total cost is estimated at £424.\n\n*This, however, so far as it concerns Cape d'Aguilar, must depend upon whether good observations of the wind can be obtained at or near to the light-house, a point which may be easily ascertained.\n\nIt remains to consider the material which shall be used for the magnetic building, and which, as needs hardly be stated, must be practically free from iron. Unfortunately, the granite of this region is out of the question, on account of the large percentage of protoxide of iron which it contains. For the same reason we must condemn the concrete that is in common use in Hongkong, since its main ingredient...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "( 12 ) \n\n(13) \n\nThe subsoil is broken granite. Even the bricks made of Canton River mud contain iron, though to a lesser extent than the granite. I suggest that an analysis be made of the limestone of the White Mountain Range, near Canton, which, if found sufficiently free from iron, might be imported for our purpose. A good deal of extra work will also devolve upon the Department during several months of the year, in collecting information respecting typhoons.\n\nUsed both for the masonry and the concrete, if not too costly. A fine concrete, of suitable quality, might be made with washed gravel of this island, i.e., the common decomposed granite (taking care to select a coarse, gritty sample), dug from a nullah side, and washed until only the quartz parts remain. This of course would be expensive. I have little doubt, however, that, on careful inquiry, it will be found neither very difficult nor very costly to procure, near at hand or somewhere on the coast, a material that will fulfil all requirements.\n\nThe regular clerical labour will consist mainly of entering the observations and calculations in books and forms for that purpose, transcribing and filing the automatic records, compiling weather changes and storm data, abstracting typhoon-logs, preparing periodical reports, accounts, &c., and general correspondence.\n\nThe Director of the Establishment should be, if possible, someone recommended by the Astronomer-Royal. No one could be more desirable than an ex-assistant of the Royal Observatory, and it is important to bear in mind that the copper articles ought to be of European manufacture, as those made in China contain a large percentage of iron. The Reverend M. DECHREVENS, S.J., director of Zi Ka Wei Observatory, with whom I have entered into correspondence, and to whom I am indebted for some valuable suggestions relating to the Magnetic building, as well as for plans and photographs of his own establishment, is emphatic in his caution on this point, and recommends me \"n'employ pour les portes, les fenêtres, les jonctions, etc., que du cuivre, et autant que possible que des objets de cuivre contiennent une grande proportion de fer. Tout le cuivre qui est entré dans la salle magnétique, et principalement tout ce que nous avons été obligé de faire fabriquer par des ouvriers Chinois, à été essayé au magnétomètre avant d'être accepté, et rejeté invariablement dès qu'il produit sur l'aimant une déviation de quelques minutes d'arc à un pied de distance.\"\n\nHe should have, as First assistant, a practical man, chosen with great care—a man able to observe and compute, acquainted with the mechanical details of the instruments, and competent to execute, or at least direct, any necessary repairs. An assistant of this kind could probably be got from amongst the non-commissioned officers of the Ordnance Survey Companies of the Corps of Royal Engineers, a very valuable body of men. He should receive a salary of $120 per mensem.\n\nTo the Royal Engineers, we may also look for the Second assistant, who should be a good photographer, and be deputed to attend specially to the photographic instruments. Arrangements might, no doubt, be made to procure for him a month's training. He should be paid $75 per mensem.\n\nClerks, of whom two at least will be needed, can be obtained locally. They should be very trustworthy and accurate men. The rest of the employés may be Chinese, namely, a caretaker, to have general charge of the premises; a gardener, for the grounds; coolies, to act as messengers, keep the buildings and premises clean, trim lamps (there being, most unfortunately for the Observatory, gas at Kau-lung), &c.; and night watchmen; also an intelligent man to attend to the Time-Ball, Weather-Signals, and Tide-Gauge at Tsim-shá-tsui, and who should, if possible, be accommodated in the Police Station.\n\nPage 44\n\nThe Barograph, it may also be remarked, must, if possible, have no iron about it, as it will be mounted in the same chamber with the Magnetograph. The instrument-pillars, which should be capped with a slab of slate or marble, may be made from the same material as that of the building itself; but they cannot be built until the instruments themselves, or their exact dimensions, have been received.\n\nFor protection against lightning, a single conductor, carried by a post 25 feet high, erected anywhere near the building, will answer.\n\nFor the Dip-circle, a small pavilion and pier will have to be erected, in a position well removed from the other magnets, such as the ground outside the astronomical building. This, however, as well as the provision, also above ground, to be made for the Unifilar Magnetometer, may be considered later on.\n\nIn the meantime, there will be nothing to prevent the two main buildings from being proceeded with as soon as the working drawings and estimates can be prepared.\n\nIV. Tidal Observations.\n\nThere is one instrument which, though referred to in His Excellency the Governor's despatch already quoted from, has not yet been mentioned in this report, and which might with advantage be added to the outfit, namely, a Tide-gauge, for the purpose of determining the laws of the tides at Hongkong, certain phenomena of which, such as the diurnal and other inequalities, are peculiar and, I believe, but little known or understood. An autographic tide-gauge might be set up in a chamber constructed for the purpose near the Tsim-shá-tsui Police Station, and attended to each day by the man in charge of the Time-Ball and Weather-Signals. Such a gauge, of Sir W. THOMSON's pattern, would cost about £95.\n\nAdmiral RYDER suggested, in 1877, that an automatic Tide-gauge should be set up at Cape D'Aguilar, and placed in charge of the lighthouse-keeper there. This is most desirable, as a means of establishing the direction and rate of the tides, and I recommend that it be carried out unless the engineering difficulties prove too serious, in which case a suitable spot might perhaps be found on or off the headlands nearer to Stanley. A less expensive gauge, of NEWMAN's pattern, and costing about £50, would serve for this station.\n\nV.—Staff.\n\nNotwithstanding that so large a proportion of the various instruments will be of self-registering patterns, the routine work of the observatory will, nevertheless, be very considerable. Even autographic instruments require periodic attention, most of them at least once daily. Time-determinations should be made certainly three or four times a week, and these necessitate a considerable amount of observing by night and computing by day. Frequent periodic magnetic observations for absolute values will also be required, following the routine of the magnetic work at the Greenwich Observatory.\n\nClerks, of whom two at least will be needed, can be obtained locally. They should be very trustworthy and accurate men. The rest of the employés may be Chinese, namely, a caretaker, to have general charge of the premises; a gardener, for the grounds; coolies, to act as messengers, keep the buildings and premises clean, trim lamps (there being, most unfortunately for the Observatory, gas at Kau-lung), &c.; and night watchmen; also an intelligent man to attend to the Time-Ball, Weather-Signals, and Tide-Gauge at Tsim-shá-tsui, and who should, if possible, be accommodated in the Police Station.\n\nVI.—Finance.\n\nIt is now possible to form an idea of the first outlay and the yearly cost of maintenance for the whole establishment as above designed, which probably will not differ much from the following, though the estimates for the buildings can only be considered as approximate, no detailed drawings and calculations having yet been made.\n\n  \n    Astronomical Apparatus,\n    £500\n    say\n    $2,667\n  \n  \n    Meteorological do.,\n    397\n    \n    2,117\n  \n  \n    Magnetical do.,\n    424\n    \n    2,262\n  \n  \n    Time-Ball\n    400\n    \n    2,133\n  \n  \n    Two Tide-Gauges,\n    145\n    \n    773\n  \n  \n    do.,\n    12\n    \n    64\n  \n  \n    TWO ROBINSON's Anemometers, for Victoria Peak and Cape D'Aguilar,\n    23\n    \n    123\n  \n  \n    Freight and Insurance of the above to Hongkong,\n    100\n    \n    533\n  \n  \n    Main Observatory Building and Out-houses, Furniture and Fitments,\n    71\n    \n    12,900\n  \n  \n    Magnetic Basement,\n    500\n    \n    4,500\n  \n  \n    \n    1,600\n    \n    250\n  \n  \n    \n    250\n    \n    3,000\n  \n  \n    Expenditure on the Grounds and Approaches, Fencing, &c.,\n    51\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Telegraph Line to the Time-Ball, including spare Cable,\n    \n    say,\n    $33,600\n  \n  \n    Connecting Observatory with the Kau-lung-Yau-má-ti Telegraph Line,\n    \n    \n    or £6,300\n  \n  \n    and cost of Speaking-Instrument, &c.,\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Miscellaneous Erections, as for the Time-Ball, Weather-Signals, Tide-Gauges, Meridian-Mark, and parts of the Meteorological and Mag-netical Apparatus, Lamps, Observing Seats, &c.,\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Total Prime Cost (Approximate),\n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nPage 31",
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        "content_text": "(15)\n\n32\n\nDirector's Salary, $3,600\n\nFirst Assistant's Salary, 1,440\n\nSecond Assistant's Salary, 900\n\nSalary of First Clerk, 1,200\n\nDo. of Second Clerk, 900\n\nDo. of Time-Ball Assistant, 180\n\nDo. of Caretaker, 180\n\nDo. of Gardener, 96\n\nDo. of two Coolies and two Watchmen, 336\n\nStationery, Printing and Office Expenses, say, 300\n\nFuel, 100\n\nChemicals and Light, 500\n\nIncidental Charges for Instruments, &c., 268\n\nTotal Estimated Annual Cost, $10,000\n\nTo this will have to be added, after the first year or two, an average annual charge of about $... for repairs and maintenance of buildings, &c. Further, if it be resolved to undertake so thorough and marked an investigation of the phenomena of the monsoons of the China sea as seems to be suggested in Mr. BLANFORD's letter—a process which would involve the constant examination and abstracting of a large number of ship's logs—additional clerical help will certainly be needed. On account of the expense, I have most willingly refrained from making present provision for a Photoheliograph, but its addition at a future time is much to be desired.\n\nMost persons who know anything of these matters are aware that the epochs in which great solar energy is made apparent to us by an increase in the size and number of the solar spots are also epochs of unusual magnetic excitement on the surface of the earth, that violent disturbances of the sun's surface are generally accompanied by magnetic storms, and that auroral displays are similarly associated with magnetic activity. There are, perhaps, not so many who possess a knowledge of the periodic effects which are traceable to the heavenly bodies, and which take the form of variations recurring with strict regularity. That such influences do exist was, however, discovered many years ago, and it is now well established that, in addition to certain variations of long period, there are regular diurnal inequalities of the several elements of the magnetic force, varying with the hour of the day, that is to say, with the sun's position. They attain their maxima and minima at the same hours day after day, though some of the times vary slightly at the different seasons and in different latitudes, owing to the sun's changing position with respect to the meridian. Besides these solar-diurnal inequalities, small lunar inequalities have also been detected. These are semi-diurnal, going through their changes twice in each lunar day, and apparently depending on the moon's position.\n\nAs aids to investigation of solar physics and terrestrial physics, observations with this instrument are of very great value. Apparatus for observing Earth-currents would also be a desirable future addition to the equipment. In his despatch to Sir MICHAEL HICKS-BEACH, already quoted from, His Excellency the Governor drew attention to the advisability of Seismic observations. The necessary apparatus for this purpose would not be very expensive, and could be added at any time, as it requires but little space for its accommodation. Such observations would possess considerable value, for comparison with those taken in Manila and Japan. In Japan, the science of Seismology has excited great interest, and is being closely pursued both by Europeans and Japanese. Apparatus of the best description has been procured by the Imperial Government, and placed under the charge and observation of the officers of the Meteorological Bureau (Soku-rio-kwa); and I understand that not the least interesting fact which strikes the visitor to the establishment is that one of the most delicate and perfect of all the instruments—that by which the minutest tremblings are detected—is the invention of a Japanese gentleman. A Seismological Society of Japan has also been recently started, under the auspices of Professor MILNE, F.G.S., of the Engineering College in Tôkiô.\n\nAgain, it has long been known that solar changes affect the earth's meteorological as well as its magnetic conditions. Observers at many stations scattered over the globe have ascertained that years of maximum sun-spots are also years of maximum rainfall, at least upon the land; and that years of minimum sun-spots are years of minimum rain—years in which some countries suffer most heavily from drought and famine. The same axiom holds good with respect to wind, which, like the rain, is most violent in years of powerful solar action. West Indian hurricanes, the 'cyclones of the Indian Ocean, and the typhoons of this region are most numerous in years of sun-spot frequency, that is to say, years of greatest solar power. The statistics of marine disasters point to the same conclusion. It has also been shown that terrestrial temperature and barometric pressure are influenced more or less directly by changes of solar energy. Of the causes of sun-spot outbreaks very little is yet known, but the Kew observers have traced an interesting apparent connexion between the periodicity of solar spots and the configurations of the planets Jupiter, Venus, and Mercury.\n\nMy ideas as to the proper scheme for an Observatory of the class indicated in the official papers having been thus stated, I have only to repeat my conviction that such an institution, well begun and conducted, will fulfil a want that is greatly felt. To the sciences of Meteorology and Magnetism it will render valuable contributions, which cannot but redound to the credit of the Colony. Concerning Magnetic investigations, the Astronomer Royal not two months ago stated his belief that \"no branch of physics bears the same prospective importance\"; while the other departments—those for Meteorological and Astronomical observations—will possess a direct utilitarian in addition to their scientific value, in that they will be the means of affording protection to marine interests and to the lives of seamen navigating these coasts. No one, perhaps, has welcomed the project more cordially than the Rev. F. FAURA, S.J., the earnest Director of the Meteorological Observatory at Manila, who has favoured me with his views on the subject, and with a copy of the design for a Magnetic building which he hopes to add shortly to his own establishment. He writes:\n\n\"It is with the highest satisfaction that I observe the interest in the advancement of science which is taken by His Excellency the Governor of Hongkong. Hongkong is, in my opinion, a place admirably suited for the observation and study of Meteorology and Magnetism, and I have no doubt that in a short time excellent results will flow from Sir JOHN HENNESSY'S Observatory project, and that the institution will be blessed by all mariners, who will recognise in it a safeguard to their lives and interests. The Meteorological observations in particular, when combined with those taken in this Archipelago, cannot fail to render the most beneficial service.\"\n\nThe present occasion is not the first on which the importance of extended scientific observation in these regions has been brought to public notice. Some years ago, Mr. ROBERT HART, C.M.G., the Inspector-General of Chinese Maritime Customs, to whom commerce is indebted for the admirable system of light-houses which cover the coast of China, and for other sagacious measures, wrote an able memorandum advocating the establishment of a series of meteorological stations at various points on the seaboard, and anticipating to some extent the arguments put forward last year by Mr. BLANFORD. It is much to be hoped that Mr. HART will take the present opportunity of renewing his advocacy, and will bring his best efforts to the accomplishment of that project. Such a series of stations, working in cooperation with the larger establishments in Japan, Shanghai, Manila, and Hongkong, would help vastly towards the achievement of those results which the meteorologists of the world so much desire.\n\nAnother relation which has been clearly established is that between electrical earth-currents and terrestrial magnetism. These have been shown, by long series of observations, to be strictly contemporaneous. Active magnetic energy is invariably accompanied by abnormal earth-currents, or electric storms, and calm magnetic periods are always calm earth-current periods. On the other hand, the electrical state of the air near the earth's surface, though exhibiting definite daily fluctuations, with double maxima and minima, seems to be unaffected by magnetic circumstances. Earth-currents are likewise known to have a well-marked diurnal inequality, with fixed hours of maximum and minimum.\n\nThe last recommendation I venture to make is that in due course an Actinometer of the kind be provided for the Observatory. It is not a costly instrument; and at this time, when much interest centres in sun-spots, all serial observations of solar heat possess great scientific value.",
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        "id": 309909,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 35,
        "title": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "feel much obliged if you would be good enough to favour Livingstone with \n\nour views as \n\nthe astronomical \n\nportion of the deferred scheme & generally with any suggestions to lose \n\nAcademically \n\nofficially \n\noffer \n\nproposals when \n\n& \n\nwe may enable Lowe (Kimberley ?) to form \n\nbe able to \n\nbe \n\nespecially favourable to any reduction which \n\n14 Jan to observe \n\nan Opinion upon the \n\nthe \n\nmerits of an undertaking \n\nwhich his Lordship feels at present \n\nbeing disposed to think \n\nbeyond the \n\nMay \n\nThe requirements of the \n\nColony. \n\n34 \n\non this point that the cost of the desired staff is largely \n\nin excess of that of the Observatory \n\nnow established at Mauritius under the Superintendence \n\nof Dr Meldrum. \n\nJan \n\nI.B.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 101,
        "title": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "(\n\n100\n\nwith\n\nregularity Leverns, Anneccy has made arrangements to defray the cost of all Syphoon telegrams sent here from Observatory at Manila.\n\n: the\n\nRe the Typhoon\n\nA season only lasts for three months, the cost cannot much exceed $200 estimating at about $60 a month.\n\nIn order to give Your Lordships some idea of the damage done, and of the valuable services rendered by the Sailor and the Salvation Army to save life, I have inclosed some cuttings from one of the local papers which give a fair description of them.\n\nIt is gratifying to notice that the Traya Mall has stood this as well as three previous blows without suffering any material damage.\n\nI have called upon the Acting Surveyor General for a report on this point and I beg to enclose a copy of it.\n\nA short report from the Acting Superintendent of Police is also enclosed.",
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    {
        "id": 310970,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "page_number": 552,
        "title": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "content_text": "(2)\n\n1. Will the Buildings be limited to, and used only for, giving the correct time, and for dropping a Time-Ball? Or is the Building to include within its walls accommodation for a complete system of Meteorological and Astronomical Observations, in addition to the above?\n\n2. Are quarters for the Observer and his staff to be provided in the same building, or are they to be postponed, and separate and detached buildings erected for their accommodation from time to time as they may be required?\n\n3. Is a Magnetic observatory to be included in the general scheme? This would have to be a separate and distinct building, constructed underground at some distance from the other Observatory.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\n(8)\n\nreport, as a broad exposition of the purposes which such an institution should be made to subserve, as well as of the scope which should be given to it and the main features of construction, I would suggest that it be forwarded to the Colonial Secretary, for the information of His Excellency the Governor, with any separate remarks that you may wish to make.\n\nIf His Excellency approve of the scheme, I shall be very glad to help in preparing the detailed plans, and to advise generally as to further procedure in the matter.\n\nYour obedient Servant,\n\nE. BOWDLER,\n\nActing Surveyor General.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour obedient Servant,\n\nH. S. PALMER,\n\nMajor, R.E.\n\nTo the Honourable\n\nTHE ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY.\n\n&c., &c., &c.\n\nMINUTE BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR.\n\nOn sending the letter of the Acting Surveyor General, of the 14th of April, to Major-General DONOVAN, he was good enough to sanction Major PALMER'S being consulted by the Acting Surveyor General as to the plans and details of the proposed Observatory.\n\n23rd April, 1881.\n\n[In C.S.O. No. 1091.]\n\nJ. POPE HENNESSY.\n\nMINUTE BY THE ACTING SURVEYOR GENERAL AND MAJOR H. S. PALMER, R.E.\n\nAs desired by His Excellency the Governor, this matter has been referred to Major PALMER, who has prepared a Report, with plans, embodying a complete scheme for the Observatory and staff, and now submitted for His Excellency's consideration, together with a covering letter from the author. The Acting Surveyor General entirely agrees with the statements in Major PALMER'S report.\n\nA contoured plan of Mount Elgin, prepared in the Surveyor General's Office, is also submitted herewith.\n\n5th August, 1881.\n\nMINUTE BY THE ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY.\n\nReport submitted to His Excellency.\n\n5th August, 1881.\n\nE. BOWDLER, Acting Surveyor General.\n\nH. S. PALMER,\n\nMajor, R.E.\n\nM. S. TONNOCHY, Acting Colonial Secretary.\n\nMAJOR H. S. PALMER, R.E., TO THE ACTING SURVEYOR GENERAL.\n\nHONGKONG, 17th July, 1881.\n\nSIR,-As was arranged between us when you were good enough to call upon me on the 17th of May, to consult me about the Observatory proposed to be established in Hongkong, I have written the accompanying Report, which contains my views on the whole subject. If you concur with this\n\nREPORT\n\nON THE PROPOSAL TO ESTABLISH A PHYSICAL OBSERVATORY AT HONGKONG,\n\nBY MAJOR H. S. PALMER, R.E., F.R.A.S.\n\nOn examining the papers which relate to this subject, I find that, in September, 1879, Sir MICHAEL HICKS-BEACH, then Secretary of State for the Colonies, forwarded, for the consideration of His Excellency the Governor, the following letter which he had received from Dr. WARREN DE LA RUE, Vice-Chairman of the Kew Committee of the Royal Society:\n\n\"I am instructed by the Kew Committee of the Royal Society to request that you will bring to the notice of the Right Honourable the Secretary of State the favourable position occupied by the Colony of Hongkong for certain physical observations, especially with regard to the typhoons of the China seas, on meteorology generally, and on terrestrial magnetism, with a view to a communication to Governor POPE HENNESSY, and of an effort to induce the Government of that Colony to support for a limited term of years an Observatory provided with self-recording instruments.\n\n\"Her Majesty's Government have already shown so warm an interest in the promotion of physical research, in connection with the Observatory of Mauritius, that it is hardly necessary for the Kew Committee to do more than point out to you the extreme importance of obtaining accurate records of the Magnetic and Meteorological conditions of the China seas.\n\n\"Our knowledge of these facts is, at present, but scanty. The existing Observatories at which continuous observations are taken on the Eastern Coast of Asia and the adjacent islands are-Batavia, lat. 6 deg. 11 min. S., long. 106 deg. 40 min. E., supported by Holland. Manila, lat. 14 deg. 53 min. N., long. 120 deg. 52 min. E., Society of Jesus. Zi Ka Wei (Shanghai), lat. 31 deg. 13 min. N., long. 121 deg. 27 min. E., Society of Jesus. Peking, lat. 39 deg. 53 min. N., long. 116 deg. 29 min. E., the Russian Embassy.\n\n\"Hongkong lat. 22 deg. 15 min. N., long. 114 deg. 12 min. E., which divides the distance between Manila and Zi Ka Wei, would form a most valuable addition to the above list.\n\n\"The India Office have recently reconstituted the Meteorological system of Hindostan on a very extensive scale, and the Committee beg to forward herewith a letter from Mr. BLANFORD, the chief of that organization, in which he states very clearly the great advantages which would accrue, especially to Meteorology, from such a measure as the establishment of an Observatory at Hongkong.\n\n\"The Committee estimate the cost of instrumental outfit at about £1,000.\n\n\"The expenses of maintenance for chemicals and illumination (Gas or Paraffin) would amount in this country to about £100 a year.\n\n539",
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        "id": 310972,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "page_number": 554,
        "title": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "content_text": "541\n\n(6)\n\nWhen the error of the standard sidereal clock has been computed from observations of stars, it is necessary to compare that clock with the mean-time clock, and then to calculate the error of the latter on mean solar time, in order that it may be set right as above explained. If the clocks are in different rooms, and cannot be compared directly with one another, it is necessary to employ hack chronometers. Or else, which is simpler and more accurate, to have in the same room with the solar clock a chronometer regulated electrically by the sidereal clock, and beating in unison with it. At Greenwich, there are two chronometers on a desk in one of the offices, one regulated by the solar clock, the other by the sidereal clock; and, as the commutating apparatus for correcting the mean solar clock is on the same desk, the whole operation of computing, comparing and correcting is done on one spot, by a single individual, in the shortest time possible. I think, however, that, by putting our chronograph into the same room with the mean solar clock, we may dispense with all of these devices. It will then only be necessary to place the chronograph in circuit with the sidereal clock, when the click of the armature or movements of the pencil on the former, taken in connexion with the beats of the mean solar clock, will furnish means for sufficiently accurate comparison.\n\n(5). A Time-Ball and apparatus, complete with electro-magnetic mechanism for dropping the ball at the instant of noon by the mean solar clock, and sending a return signal to the Observatory: also the usual air-apparatus or springs for checking its fall. Provision must be made for connecting the clock and time-ball together by an underground telegraph line, the conducting wire of which should be of large gauge. This cable may be laid in earthenware pipes, and the line must be efficiently guarded by \"lightning-protectors.\"\n\n(6). A pair of Chronometers, one rated to sidereal and the other to mean solar time, will be required, for general use and for emergencies.\n\n(7). A Collimating telescope--or a telescope with cross-threads in the focus, but a plain glass cap instead of an eye-piece at the eye end--should be supplied, and metal supports for it to rest in. This instrument is more convenient for collimating than the Bohnenberger eye-piece, and the distant mark cannot always be counted on for the purpose, as its apparent steadiness is liable to be affected by surface radiation.\n\n(8). Distant meridian-mark. This may be made of a sheet of iron, say two feet by three feet, firmly attached to the face of a small brick pier at some distance either to the north or the south of the transit-instrument, painted with a fine cross, and pierced at the intersection of the cross for illumination at night. It can be provided locally. The hole should be of such a size that the light from a reflecting lamp placed behind it, in a receptacle in the pier, may be seen in the instrument like a star of the sixth magnitude. Or a gas-jet and reflector would serve instead of a lamp. At a distance of one mile, the hole should be about 0.3 inch in diameter. It is well to place the mark approximately horizontal with respect to the instrument. For an Observatory at Kau-lung, it would be convenient to fix the meridian-mark in Hongkong,\n\nThe above list includes all the apparatus that is necessary for time-determinations and the time-ball. It also comprises means for an excellent telegraphic determination of the longitude of the transit-instrument, by connexion with a fixed observatory, say that of Madras. With the cooperation of the Telegraph Company, which would pretty certainly be forthcoming, I see no reason to doubt that Madras time could be transmitted to Hongkong if an assistant with a chronometer were stationed at Singapore, to repeat the signals; and, vice versa, that Hongkong time could be transmitted to Madras. From this double process, the longitude may be determined with high precision, and at no cost except that of connecting the Observatory, by the nearest line of telegraph, with the Central Office in Queen's Road, and sending an assistant for a few days to Singapore. The importance of such determinations, especially as aids to marine cartography, can hardly be overstated, for it is certain that a very large proportion of the hitherto accepted longitudes, dependent on observations of the Moon or on chronometric meridian distances, are seriously incorrect. Even at a place so near to Greenwich as Lisbon, the longitude was found only two years ago to be more than two miles in error. With its longitude determined accurately by the telegraphic process, the Hongkong Observatory would furnish a fundamental meridian for these seas, and marine charts would, or ought to, be brought into conformity with its exact position as thus ascertained.\n\n(7)\n\nI should recommend some special provision for ascertaining the latitude of the Observatory, if it were not that Lieutenant-Commander GREEN, U.S.N., commanding the United States' surveying-vessel Palos, is already in these seas, engaged in the special task of determining true positions by the best modern methods, for purposes chiefly of marine cartography. In this branch of work, which has been neglected hitherto by our Admiralty, the United States' hydrographers have already made great and valuable progress in many parts of the world. It was Lieutenant-Commander GREEN who detected the error of the Lisbon longitude above referred to; and I have no doubt that, when he comes here, he will determine the latitude of some point in the Colony with considerable accuracy. He will also ascertain our longitude, as one station in a series comprising Nagasaki, Yokohama, Shanghai, Amoy, Hongkong, Manila, Saigon and Singapore, connected at one end with Vladivostok (the longitude of which has of late been accurately re-determined by telegraph from St. Petersburg), and at the other end with Madras. This, however, will not do away with the advisability of a repetition of the longitude determination as suggested in the previous paragraph, especially as such repetition will involve only a trifling outlay.\n\nOf the above apparatus, I recommend that the transit-instrument and collimator be ordered from Messrs. TROUGHTON & SIMMS; the time-ball, chronograph, clocks and chronometers from Messrs. DENT, of the Strand. I have no exact knowledge of the cost of a time-ball, but I estimate that the rest of the equipment, as described above, should be procurable for about £500, and that a complete time-ball apparatus should not cost more than £400.\n\nSite.--I have examined the site which has been proposed, at Mount Elgin, on the Kau-lung Peninsula. The chief feature is a flat, gravelly hill-top, roughly circular, and some 200 feet in diameter. There is a smaller eminence, of corresponding height, about 400 feet to the west of it. The former of these is clearly the place for the principal building. It is at a suitable altitude (100 feet above the sea) and sufficiently roomy, commands a fair sky view, and fulfils generally the requirements of an observatory site. The second eminence would, as Mr. BOWDLER has suggested, answer very well for the chief magnetic building.\n\nAlthough for a time-ball, which must be visible by all the shipping, a site at Kau-lung would seem to be preferable to any other, on account of its central position and commanding view of the entire harbour, there are obvious reasons why it might be better, if possible, to have the Observatory on Hongkong itself. Unfortunately, however, the site and neighbourhood of Victoria are not available for such a purpose, as the heights which rise so steeply behind the city shut from view a large section of southern sky, extending up to 25° of altitude. This objection applies generally to sites on the north side of the island. A site in many respects suitable might be chosen on the west side, in the neighbourhood of Pok-fit-lam, but this would have the disadvantage of being a long way from town, and at a somewhat inconvenient altitude. Another drawback which it would possess, and which, indeed, holds good as to sites generally in the island, is that the attraction of the abrupt adjacent hill-masses would undoubtedly affect the spirit-levels of the instruments, a point not to be overlooked when choosing site for an observatory that may hereafter attain scientific importance.\n\n2\n\nOn the whole, therefore, I concur in the Surveyor-General's opinion that Mount Elgin affords the best available site for the Observatory. From that point, the Hongkong hills in the south shut out no more than 4° or 5° of sky, and Victoria Peak itself has an elevation of only about 7°.\n\nThe Time-Ball might be erected on any commanding point which fulfils the indispensable condition of being well seen from end to end of the harbour. Certain conditional rights, the exact scope of which I have not been able to ascertain, are held by the War Department over the plot of land, partly occupied by the Tsim-shá-tsui Police Station, which seems the natural place for the time-ball mast. The War Department also hold the high ground of the southeastern promontory. I understand that the Police Station will shortly be moved a little further back on the plateau which it now occupies, so as to clear the War Department limits. The best plan, in that case, will be to let the small building and mast for the Time-Ball be made an adjunct to the Police Station. The ball should be a large one, eight or nine feet in diameter, and be painted with broad bands of white and bright red. Building. The building for the Observatory must contain a general office and computing room, an office for the Director, a room for the mean solar clock, chronograph, batteries, &c., and on either side a wing room, one for the transit-instrument and sidereal clock, the other for the additional",
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        "id": 310973,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "page_number": 555,
        "title": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "content_text": "542\n\n(8)\n\napparatus, such, for example, as Seismic instruments, which is pretty certain to be procured before very long. I propose also to provide a small room for the Electrograph, which will be referred to farther on. I have added, at Mr. BOWDLER's suggestion, an upper storey, to be appropriated as quarters for the Director. I recommend that the building be constructed of red bricks, the walls of the lower storey being made 1 ft. 9 in. thick, and those of the upper storey 1 ft. 2 in. thick. The rooms should be 15 feet high, from floor to ceiling, and the roof be made as flat as possible, in order that it may be utilised for some of the meteorological apparatus. Especial care must be given to protection of the building against lightning, for which purpose one conductor should be placed at each angle of the main block, and the points carried at least eight feet above the parapet, the earth ends being sunk below ground until permanently damp soil is reached.\n\nIn laying out the building on the ground, it will be important to obtain accurate orientation, for which purpose I suggest that Polaris be observed with a theodolite at one of its culminations, and a meridian line carefully marked at the observation. The transit-room will need vertical shutters about two feet wide, opening in the north and south walls from a height of four feet above the floor, and extending to the roof; also roof-doors of the same width, so that there may be a clear view of the meridian from the south to the north horizon. The collimator may be placed on a brick pier about fifteen feet to the north of the transit-room, a small room or hut six or seven feet square being built over it, for protection from the weather. It should be approximately horizontal with respect to the transit-instrument.\n\nPiers, isolated from contact with the surrounding soil or any parts of the building, will be needed for the transit-instrument, the electrograph, the collimator, and each of the two clocks. These should be built of red bricks, in cement, and be carried down to firm ground, at a depth of not less than four feet in any case, there resting on good foundations of cement concrete. The largest will be those for the transit-instrument and electrograph, which may measure about six feet by three feet. For the clocks the dimensions will be very much smaller. All of them had better be left unfinished at the floor-level until the instruments and clocks arrive.\n\nA building on a plan somewhat as shown in the accompanying tracing will probably answer as well as any for the present purposes of the Observatory. Lest it be thought that the space provided is somewhat more liberal than is necessary, it may be well to bear in mind the great heat of the summer weather, as well as the facts that ample room will be needed for presses for stores, stationery, records, &c., and that the requirements as to space in an establishment of this kind are certain to grow year by year. If at a future time it should be decided to increase the equipment, the east and west wings could be extended so as to accommodate a Photoheliograph for the record of sun-spots, as suggested by His Excellency the Governor, and an Equatorial telescope. It would be necessary, in this case, to raise the equatorial sufficiently high to obviate any serious interruption of the sky view by the upper storey of the main block; and, for architectural symmetry, the photoheliograph might be similarly raised. But, if a Siderostat in connexion with a fixed telescope should be preferred for gazing purposes to an equatorially mounted instrument, no such elevation would be needed. A building of the kind above suggested would probably cost, with piers, &c., about $10,500, to which $500 must be added for furniture and fitments. A small additional building, to contain quarters for a caretaker, servant and coolies, with a store, workshop, kitchen and other offices, and connected with the main edifice by a covered way, would cost say $2,400 more. Both of them may be at once designed in detail, and proceeded with, should the scheme here proposed receive the approval of the Government.\n\nII-Meteorology\n\nThe proposal to establish a meteorological branch of the observatory, under skilled management and supplied with the best modern apparatus, commands approval for two reasons. In the first place, as Dr. DE LA RUE has indicated, such an institution will furnish the science with valuable and much needed data, from a locality well suited for the observation and collection of facts appertaining to certain phenomena of special interest. Secondly, it cannot fail to have a direct and practical value, as being the means of affording security, by its predictions and weather warnings, to life and property, in seas navigated by vast numbers of native and foreign vessels, but subject during four or five months of the year to rotatory storms of appalling violence and danger.\n\nIts operations, like its purpose, will be twofold. There will be, to begin with, the systematic observation and record of the ordinary phenomena of pressure, temperature, humidity, rain, sunshine,\n\n(9)\n\nwind and hydrometeors, such as are usual in observatories of the first order; together also with observations of atmospheric electricity.\n\nSo lately as last February, Dr. WARREN DE LA RUE furnished the Colonial Office with a list of the instruments necessary for these purposes in a first-class meteorological observatory. The list comprises a Barograph, a Thermograph, an Anemograph, a Rain-gauge, a Sunshine Recorder, and an Electrograph; together costing about £397.\n\nOf these, the Barograph, or self-recording barometer, will be accommodated in the Magnetic basement, to be presently described.\n\nFor the Thermograph-i.e., self-registering (photographic) dry and wet bulb thermometers-a special hut and shed will have to be put up in the grounds of the observatory. This may, however, be left until the instruments arrive. The Thermograph, it will be observed, does away with the necessity for maximum and minimum thermometers, as the changes of temperature are recorded unceasingly.\n\nThe Anemograph, or self-recording Anemometer, is an instrument the best and newest forms of which are constructed to register continuously the direction, pressure and velocity of the wind. We are not told by Dr. DE LA RUE what kind will be sent. A small turret, to carry the vane, &c., for the instrument, of whatever pattern, may be erected centrally over the front verandah roof of the main building, and the spindle be carried through the roof to the registering apparatus placed in a small chamber or compartment on the upper verandah, as shown in the drawing. The turret must be provided with a lightning conductor.\n\nThe Rain-gauge, to judge from the high price (£60) set against it in the list, is doubtless a self-recording instrument, or pluviograph. At Greenwich, an Oster's Anemometer and Rain-gauge form a joint apparatus, by which wind and rain are registered on the same sheet of paper. This instrument needs no special provision beforehand.\n\nThe Sunshine Recorder is a contrivance for marking and measuring the duration of sunshine. The instrument in use at Greenwich consists of a solid glass ball four inches in diameter, supported in a hollow hemispherical bowl of three inches' radius, the two surfaces being separated from one another by a space of an inch. The rim of the bowl is marked like a sundial, and the interior surface is lined with a strip of prepared mill-board. Whenever the sun shines out, its rays, brought to a focus by the glass ball, burn a mark on this strip. The intervals and interruptions of sunshine are thus recorded. This instrument may be set up on the roof of the main building, for which purpose no special preparations are needed.\n\nThe Electrograph of Dr. DE LA RUE's list, though not described, is doubtless a THOMSON'S Quadrant Electrometer, fitted for photographic self-registration. It has been shown that I have provided a small room for it on the ground floor of the main building, the window of which can be darkened to the extent required. The collector for this instrument may be attached to a small mast on the roof, above the room; and the wire or rod be carried thence to the instrument, the pier for which should be capped with a slate or marble slab.\n\nThe whole of the above, it will be noticed, are autographic instruments, and need only occasional attention, for changing the record-sheets, pointing the pencils, &c. The labour of observation is thus reduced to a minimum.\n\nThe second branch of work appertaining to the Meteorological Department will be the observation and collection as far as possible of facts and phenomena relating to typhoons, both for the protection of marine interests and for the purpose of contributing bit by bit to our knowledge of a subject at present but little understood. It will include also the giving attention to the phenomena of the monsoons.\n\nFor weather warnings, the telegraphic cables connecting this port with others on the coast, and with Manila, will furnish most valuable aid. The Manila cable will be of special service in this respect. Past observations seem to show that the typhoons which sweep the Southern China sea for the most part originate in a region the centre of which is situated about a thousand miles (in round numbers) to the south and east of the Philippines. Of those which take Luzon in their course, some make for Hainan and the Gulf of Tonquin. Others pursue a more northerly direction, towards Formosa and",
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        "id": 310974,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "page_number": 556,
        "title": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "content_text": "543\n\n(10)\n\nJapan. Hongkong itself occupies a position which is comparatively exempt from typhoons, the great majority of these storms passing either to the east or south of the island. As is shown in an able monograph lately published by the Director of the Zi Ka Wei observatory, near Shanghai, out of thirteen typhoons which traversed the South China sea last year, two only passed at all near to Hongkong, and of these the centre-tracks were at a sufficiently safe distance. Nevertheless, it is hardly possible to overstate the value of Manila as a warning station for vessels about to leave Hongkong for southern, eastern or northern ports, or vessels approaching it from those places. Means should therefore be provided for enabling the Director of the Hongkong Observatory to be placed, whenever necessary, in prompt communication by telegraph with Manila, Amoy, Shanghai, Saigon and Singapore, as well as with the south of Japan. A system of daily telegraphic weather exchanges with the chief ports should also be organized as soon as possible. For these purposes, it will be necessary to connect the Observatory with the existing telegraph line which crosses the harbour from Kau-lung Dock to Whitfield Police Station. The Observatory may thus be made to fulfil the useful purpose of a Weather Intelligence Office in times of danger for the whole neighbouring region; while, from the daily exchanges, ships' logs, and trustworthy private observations, a large body of facts relating to typhoons and the monsoons may be gradually amassed.\n\nIt is most unfortunate that the south part of Formosa is not as yet provided with telegraphic means of communication. This is a cardinal point in the chain of surrounding stations, and, until it is brought into telegraphic connexion with the rest, our system of weather intelligence cannot be made as perfect as might be desired. The exclusion of Hainan in this respect is also to be regretted, For purposes of warning to vessels in Hongkong harbour, a signal-mast should be erected near the Time-Ball at Kau-lung, and a code of signals established and given the fullest publication. These signals might be repeated on the existing mast at the Harbour Office.\n\nWhen the scientific establishment at Kau-lung has been fairly started, it will probably be considered needless to keep up all of the meteorological stations now existing in different parts of the Colony. I certainly think that the stations at the Harbour Office, Stone Cutters' Island and the Hospital might very well be abolished. But I would recommend that those at Victoria Peak and Cape d'Aguilar be retained, as they are points at which observations, especially those of the barometer and the wind, will always be of value; and I suggest that both places be supplied with an anemometer, in order that the wind may be observed more accurately than is possible at present, care being taken to get instruments of superior strength.*\n\n*This however, so far as it concerns Cape d'Aguilar, must depend upon whether good observations of the wind can be obtained at or near to the light-house, a point which may be easily ascertained.\n\n(11)\n\nIII Terrestrial Magnetism.\n\nAlthough the character of the rocks and soil of Hongkong and Kau-lung is not the most favourable that could be chosen for magnetic research, yet the position of the Colony on the magnetic chart, and with respect to other places where observatories are already established, leaves no room to doubt that well-conducted observations of this class will be of great value to the science. These will comprise observations for determining the Absolute Values of the elements of the Earth's magnetic force,- namely, its Declination, Inclination and Intensity--as well as those for ascertaining the periodic, secular and irregular Variations which the elements undergo, and the laws of which still await complete theoretical explanation. The former class of determinations, i.e., those of Absolute values-are pretty certain to be more or less prejudicially affected by local attraction proceeding from the granitic rocks and soil; but the Variations, which form by far the more important object of research, can be deduced just as well in the presence as in the absence of local attraction.\n\nThe instruments with which Dr. De La Rue proposes to equip the magnetic branch are,\n\nA set of photographic self-registering Magnetic instruments, of the Kew pattern, with accessories, &c.;\n\nA Unifilar Magnetometer;\n\nA Dip-Circle, with four needles;\n\nall of which, as well as the Meteorological instruments, will be verified at Kew before they are sent out. Their total cost is estimated at £424.\n\nThe Photographic instruments will comprise three Magnetometers, for continuous registration of the changes in the declination and the horizontal and vertical forces by means of a central recording apparatus, driven by clockwork and carrying the photographic papers--the whole constituting, with certain accessories, a complete Magnetograph. They will exhibit the periodic variations, as well as those mysterious phenomena of simultaneous disturbance extending over the entire earth's surface, and called magnetic storms, which are amongst the most extraordinary in the whole range of physics.\n\nThe magnet of the Declination magnetometer is placed in the magnetic meridian; that for measuring variations of the Horizontal force is compelled by torsion to take a position transverse to the meridian; the third, for measuring variations of Vertical force, is balanced on knife-edges.\n\nThe Unifilar Magnetometer is used for ascertaining the absolute value of the horizontal component of the total force in the direction of the dip, by observations of deflection and vibration. It is also used for determining the absolute declination.\n\nThe Dip-Circle affords measures of the magnetic inclination, or \"dip,\" and can be used under certain circumstances for measuring variations of the total force.\n\nThe chief magnetic building, for the differential instruments, should be a basement or vault, almost wholly underground, and contain an instrument-chamber and a photographic laboratory. I recommend about 22 feet by 20 feet and 12 feet by 10 feet as suitable dimensions for those rooms, and the building should be laid out with the long side of the instrument-room inclined 15 degrees to the west of the magnetic north, the laboratory being at the northern end.\n\nThe annexed small drawing will give an idea of the character of the building which I propose, and of the positions of the instruments. It shows that the actual chamber for the magnetograph has an arched roof, and is wholly enclosed within a similar building, the walls and roofs of the two being separated by a space of two feet. The floor of the chamber is 15 feet below the surface of the ground, and the highest point of the external arch is 21 feet above the floor. Covering this arch, there will be (1) inch asphalte, (2) six inches of fine concrete, (3) two feet of earth; the surface being finally turfed. Small relieving arches will need to be built at intervals between the side walls of the outer and inner chambers, in order to meet the thrust upon the inner walls. The main chamber will be quite dark, but a small amount of yellow light will be admitted to the laboratory.\n\nAlthough the vault form of construction is the best for differential magnetic observations, since it secures the great desideratum of an equable temperature, there are obvious complications and difficulties connected with it. Thorough drainage must be carefully provided, in order to keep it dry; and there must be arrangements for carrying off the heat and smoke of lamps. Ventilation also presents a grave difficulty, especially in a climate so hot and damp as that of Hongkong is during several months of the year. It is evident that, if warm air laden with moisture be admitted to an underground chamber which is appreciably cooler, it will produce a constant state of saturation, and be continually depositing its moisture on the delicate instruments and apparatus. A long underground air-flue, connected with vertical shafts, must therefore be provided, in order that the incoming air may be cooled to the temperature of the vault, as nearly as possible, before reaching it. These devices are of course expensive, but it is better to put up with the cost than to face the alternative of a building above ground, in which the great variations of temperature would be fatal to satisfactory observation.\n\nFor the above and other essential details, Mr. BOWDLER's past experience in designing and erecting the excellent Magnetic Observatory at Mauritius will prove of the utmost service in the present case. Mr. BOWDLER has, indeed, been good enough to prepare a detailed drawing after the pattern of the Mauritius building, and although I propose, for the sake of economy, to depart in some important respects from the plan there carried out, his drawing furnishes much practical and useful information, applicable to all works of this kind. It has been of great service to me in preparing the accompanying design.\n\nIt remains to consider the material which shall be used for the magnetic building, and which, as needs hardly be stated, must be practically free from iron. Unfortunately, the granite of this region is out of the question, on account of the large percentage of protoxide of iron which it contains. For the same reason we must condemn the concrete that is in common use in Hongkong, since its main ingredient...",
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        "id": 310975,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "page_number": 557,
        "title": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "content_text": "544\n\n(12)\n\ndient is broken granite. Even the bricks made of Canton River mud contain iron, though to a less extent than the granite. I suggest that an analysis be made of the limestone of the White Mountain Range, near Canton, which, if found sufficiently free from iron, might be imported for our purpose, and used both for the masonry and the concrete, if not too costly. A fine concrete, of suitable quality, might be made with washed gravel of this island, i.e., the common decomposed granite (taking care to select a coarse, gritty sample), dug from a nullah side, and washed until only the quartz particles remain. This of course would be expensive. I have little doubt, however, that, on careful inquiry, it will be found neither very difficult nor very costly to procure, near at hand or somewhere on the coast, a material that will fulfil all requirements.\n\nThe same rule as regards the exclusion of iron must be followed in every detail of construction. All nails, locks, keys, hinges, bolts, hooks, gratings, pipes, &c., should be of copper, brass, or zinc; and it is important to bear in mind that the copper articles ought to be of European manufacture, as those made in China contain a large percentage of iron. The Reverend M. DECHREVENS, S.J., director of the Zi Ka Wei Observatory, with whom I have entered into correspondence, and to whom I am indebted for some valuable suggestions relating to the Magnetic building, as well as for plans and photographs of his own establishment, is emphatic in his caution on this point, and recommends me \"n'employer 'pour les portes, les fenêtres, les jonctions, etc., que du cuivre, et autant que possible que des objets, 'clous, gonds, serrures, charnières, venues d'Europe, ne pas se fier aux Chinois pour cela: tous leurs 'objets de cuivre contiennent une grande proportion de fer. Tout le cuivre qui est entré dans notre des ouvriers 'salle magnétique, et principalement tout ce que nous avons été obligé de faire fabriquer par 'Chinois, à été essayé au magnétomètre avant d'être accepté, et rejeté invariablement dès qu'il produisait 'sur l'aimant une déviation de quelques minutes d'arc à un pied de distance.\"\n\nCL\n\nThe Barograph, it may also be remarked, must, if possible, have no iron about it, as it will be mounted in the same chamber with the Magnetograph. The instrument-pillars, which should be capped with slabs of slate or marble, may be made from the same material as that of the building itself; but they cannot be built until the instruments themselves, or their exact dimensions, have been received.\n\nFor protection against lightning, a single conductor, carried by a post 25 feet high, erected anywhere near the building, will answer.\n\nFor the Dip-circle, a small pavilion and pier will have to be erected, in a position well removed from the other magnets, such as the ground outside the astronomical building. This, however, as well as the provision, also above ground, to be made for the Unifilar Magnetometer, may be considered later on.\n\nIn the meantime, there will be nothing to prevent the two main buildings from being proceeded with as soon as the working drawings and estimates can be prepared.\n\nIV. Tidal Observations.\n\nThere is one instrument which, though referred to in His Excellency the Governor's despatch already quoted from, has not yet been mentioned in this report, and which might with advantage be added to the outfit, namely, a Tide-gauge, for the purpose of determining the laws of the tides at Hongkong, certain phenomena of which, such as the diurnal and other inequalities, are peculiar and, I believe, but little known or understood. An autographic tide-gauge might be set up in a chamber constructed for the purpose near the Tsim-shá-tsui Police Station, and attended to each day by the man in charge of the Time-Ball and Weather-Signals. Such a gauge, of Sir W. THOMSON'S pattern, would cost about £95.\n\nAdmiral RYDER suggested, in 1877, that an automatic Tide-gauge should be set up at Cape D'Aguilar, and placed in charge of the lighthouse-keeper there. This is most desirable, as a means of establishing the direction and rate of the tides, and I recommend that it be carried out unless the engineering difficulties prove too serious, in which case a suitable spot might perhaps be found on one of the headlands nearer to Stanley. A less expensive gauge, of NEWMAN's pattern, and costing about £50, would serve for this station.\n\nV. Staff.\n\nNotwithstanding that so large a proportion of the various instruments will be of self-registering patterns, the routine work of the observatory will, nevertheless, be very considerable. Even autographic instruments require periodic attention, most of them at least once daily. Time-determinations should be made certainly three or four times a week, and these necessitate a considerable amount of observing by night and computing by day. Frequent periodic magnetic observations for absolute values, which are tedious, difficult and highly complicated, will also have to be made and computed. Constant attention must be given to the adjustments of the extensive and miscellaneous apparatus, to winding and regulating clocks, ascertaining the errors of the instruments, and keeping all clean and in good order.\n\nA good deal of extra work will also devolve upon the Department during several months of the year, in collecting information respecting typhoons.\n\nThe regular clerical labour will consist mainly of entering the observations and calculations in the books and forms for that purpose, transcribing and filing the automatic records, compiling weather exchanges and storm data, abstracting typhoon-logs, preparing periodical reports, accounts, &c., and general correspondence.\n\nThe Director of the Establishment should be, if possible, some one recommended by the Astronomer-Royal. No one could be more desirable than an ex-assistant of the Royal Observatory. I do not think we can expect to get a competent person for less than $300 per mensem. He should have, as First assistant, a practical man, chosen with great care—a man able to observe and compute, acquainted with the mechanical details of the instruments, and competent to execute, or at least direct, ordinary repairs. An assistant of this kind could probably be got from amongst the non-commissioned officers of the Ordnance Survey Companies of the Corps of Royal Engineers, a very valuable body of men. He should receive a salary of $120 per mensem. To the Royal Engineers we may also look for the Second assistant, who should be a good photographer, and be deputed to attend specially to the Magnetic instruments. Arrangements might, no doubt, be made to procure for him a month's training at the Greenwich Observatory in the routine of the magnetic work. He might be paid $75 per mensem.\n\nClerks, of whom two at least will be needed, can be obtained locally. They should be very trustworthy and accurate men. The rest of the employés may be Chinese, namely, a caretaker, to have general charge of the premises; a gardener, for the grounds; coolies, to act as messengers, keep the buildings and premises clean, trim lamps (there being, most unfortunately for the Observatory, no gas at Kau-lung), &c.; and night watchmen; also an intelligent man to attend to the Time-Ball, Weather-Signals and Tide-Gauge at Tsim-sha-tsui, and who should, if possible, be accommodated in the Police Station.\n\nVI. Finance.\n\nIt is now possible to form an idea of the first outlay and the yearly cost of maintenance for the whole establishment as above designed, which probably will not differ much from the following, though the estimates for the buildings can only be considered as approximate, no detailed drawings and calculations having yet been made.\n\nAstronomical Apparatus, £500 say $2,667\n\nMeteorological do., 397 2,117\n\nMagnetical do., 424 2,262\n\nTime-Ball do., 400 2,133\n\nTwo Tide-Gauges, 145 773\n\nTwo ROBINSON's Anemometers, for Victoria Peak and Cape D'Aguilar, \" 12 64\n\nFreight and Insurance of the above to Hongkong, 100 533\n\nMain Observatory Building and Out-houses, Furniture and Fitments, 12,900\n\nMagnetic Basement, 500\n\nConnecting Observatory with the Kau-lung- Expenditure on the Grounds and Approaches, Fencing, &c., Telegraph Line to the Time-Ball, including 4,500\n\nCable, say, 1,600\n\nand cost of Speaking-Instrument, &c., Miscellaneous Erections, as for the Time-Ball, Weather-Signals, Tide-Gauges, Meridian-Mark, and parts of the Meteorological and Magnetic Apparatus, 250\n\nan-má-ti Telegraph Line, 250\n\nLamps, Observing Seats, &c., 3,000\n\nTotal Prime Cost (Approximate), $83,600 or £6,300\n\n(13)",
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        "id": 310976,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "page_number": 558,
        "title": "CO129-196 - Public Offices & Others - 1881",
        "content_text": "545\n\n(14)\n\nMaintenance.\n\n$3,600 1,440\n\n900 1,200\n\n900\n\n180\n\n180\n\nDirector's Salary,\n\nFirst Assistant's Salary, Second Assistant's Salary,\n\nSalary of First Clerk,\n\nDo. of Second Clerk,\n\nDo. of Time-Ball Assistant,\n\nDo. of Caretaker,\n\nDo. of Gardener,\n\nDo. of two Coolies and two Watchmen,\n\nStationery, Printing and Office Expenses, say,\n\nFuel,\n\nChemicals and Light,\n\nIncidental Charges for Instruments, &c.\n\nTotal Estimated Annual Cost,.......... $10,000\n\nTo this will have to be added, after the first year or two, an average annual charge of about $500, for repairs and maintenance of buildings, &c. Further, if it be resolved to undertake so thorough an investigation of the phenomena of the monsoons of the China sea as seems to be suggested in Mr. BLANFORD'S letter—a process which would involve the constant examination and abstracting of a large number of ships' logs—additional clerical help will certainly be needed. On account of the expense, I have most unwillingly refrained from making present provision for a Photoheliograph, but its addition at a future time is much to be desired. As aids to investigation of solar physics and their connexion with terrestrial physics, observations with this instrument are of very great value. Apparatus and wires for observing Earth-currents would also be a desirable future addition to the equipment. In his despatch to Sir MICHAEL HICKS-BEACH, already quoted from, His Excellency the Governor drew attention to the advisability of Seismic observations. The necessary apparatus for this purpose would not be very expensive, and could be added at any time, as it requires but little space for its accommodation. Such observations would possess considerable value, for comparison with those taken in Manila and Japan. In Japan the science of Seismology has excited great interest, and is being closely pursued, both by Europeans and Japanese. Apparatus of the best description has been procured by the Imperial Government, and placed under the charge and observation of the officers of the Meteorological Bureau (Soku-rio-kwa); and I understand that not the least interesting fact which strikes the visitor to this establishment is that one of the most delicate and perfect of all the instruments—that by which the minutest tremblings are detected—is the invention of a Japanese gentleman. A Seismological Society of Japan has also been recently started, under the auspices of Professor MILNE, F.G.S., of the Engineering College in Tokio.\n\nThe last recommendation I venture to make is that in due course an Actinometer of the best kind be provided for the Observatory. It is not a costly instrument; and at this time, when so much interest centres in sun-spots, all serial observations of solar heat possess great scientific value.\n\nMy ideas as to the proper scheme for an Observatory of the class indicated in the official papers having been thus stated, I have only to repeat my conviction that such an institution, well begun and conducted, will fulfil a want that is greatly felt. To the sciences of Meteorology and Magnetism it will render valuable contributions, which cannot but redound to the credit of the Colony. Concerning Magnetic investigations, the Astronomer Royal not two months ago stated his belief that \"no branch of physics bears the same prospective importance\"; while the other departments—those for Meteorological and Astronomical observations—will possess a direct utilitarian in addition to their scientific value, in that they will be the means of affording protection to marine interests and to the lives of seamen navigating these coasts. No one, perhaps, has welcomed the project more cordially than the Rev. F. FAURA, S.J., the earnest Director of the Meteorological Observatory at Manila, who has favoured me with his views on the subject, and with a copy of the design for a Magnetic building which he hopes to add shortly to his own establishment. He writes:—\n\n\"It is with the highest satisfaction that I observe the interest in the advancement of science which is taken by His Excellency the Governor of Hongkong, Hongkong is, in my opinion, a place admirably suited for the observation and study of Meteorology and Magnetism, and I have no doubt that in a short time excellent results will flow from Sir JOHN POPE HENNESSY's Observatory project, and that the institution will be blessed by all mariners, who will recognise in it a safeguard to their lives and interests. The Meteorological observations in particular, when combined with those taken in this Archipelago, cannot fail to render the most beneficial service.\"\n\n(15)\n\nThe present occasion is not the first on which the importance of extended scientific observation in these regions has been brought to public notice. Some years ago, Mr. ROBERT HART, C.M.G., the Inspector-General of Chinese Maritime Customs, to whom commerce is indebted for the admirable system of light-houses which cover the coast of China, and for other sagacious measures, wrote an able memorandum advocating the establishment of a series of meteorological stations at various points on the seaboard, and anticipating to some extent the arguments put forward last year by Mr. BLANFORD. It is much to be hoped that Mr. HART will take the present opportunity of renewing his advocacy, and will bring his best efforts to the accomplishment of that project. Such a series of stations, working in cooperation with the larger establishments in Japan, Shanghai, Manila and Hongkong, would help vastly towards the achievement of those results which the meteorologists of the world so much desire.\n\nIt may be appropriate, finally, to glance for a moment at the connexion, more or less strongly marked, that exists between the various branches of physical research which have been discussed or suggested in this report, and which lie within the scope of all well conducted and well supported observatories.\n\nMost persons who know anything of these matters are aware that the epochs in which great solar energy is made apparent to us by an increase in the size and number of the solar spots are also epochs of unusual magnetic excitement on the surface of the earth, that violent disturbances of the sun's surface are generally accompanied by magnetic storms, and that auroral displays are similarly associated with magnetic activity. There are, perhaps, not so many who possess a knowledge of the periodic effects upon the earth's magnetic force which are traceable to the heavenly bodies, and which take the form of fluctuations recurring with strict regularity. That such influences do exist was, however, discovered many years ago, and it is now well established that, in addition to certain variations of long period, there are regular diurnal inequalities of the several elements of the magnetic force, varying with the hour of the day, that is to say, with the sun's position. They attain their maxima and minima at the same hours day after day, though some of the times vary slightly at the different seasons and in different years.\n\nBesides these solar-diurnal inequalities, small lunar inequalities have also been detected. These are semidiurnal, going through their changes twice in each lunar day, and apparently depending on the moon's position with respect to the meridian.\n\nAgain, it has long been known that solar changes affect the earth's meteorological as well as its magnetic conditions. Observers at many stations scattered over the globe have ascertained that years of maximum sun-spots are also years of maximum rainfall, at least upon the land; and that years of minimum sun-spots are years of minimum rain—years in which some countries suffer most heavily from drought and famine. The same axiom holds good with respect to wind, which, like the rain, is most violent in years of powerful solar action. West Indian hurricanes, the cyclones of the Indian Ocean, and the typhoons of this region are most numerous in years of sun-spot frequency, that is to say, in years of greatest solar power. The statistics of marine disasters point to the same conclusion. It has also been shown that terrestrial temperature and barometric pressure are influenced more or less directly by changes of solar energy. Of the causes of sun-spot outbreaks very little is yet known, but the Kew observers have traced an interesting apparent connexion between the periodicity of solar spots and the configurations of the planets Jupiter, Venus and Mercury.\n\nAnother relation which has been clearly established is that between electrical earth-currents and terrestrial magnetism. These have been shown, by long series of observations, to be strictly contemporaneous. Active magnetic energy is invariably accompanied by abnormal earth-currents, or electric storms, and calm magnetic periods are always calm earth-current periods. On the other hand, the electrical state of the air near the earth's surface, though exhibiting definite daily fluctuations, with double maxima and minima, seems to be unaffected by magnetic circumstances. Earth-currents are likewise known to have a well-marked diurnal inequality, with fixed hours of maximum and minimum.",
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        "id": 311626,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-198 - Governor Hennessy Acting Governor Tonnochy - 1882 [3]",
        "page_number": 62,
        "title": "CO129-198 - Governor Hennessy Acting Governor Tonnochy - 1882 [3]",
        "content_text": "## \nmagnitude can be observed without difficulty. A delicate level and a filar micrometer constitute the zenith-telescope attachment. The level is affixed to one side of the tube, with its length at right angles to the horizontal axis, and revolves on a centre, its indications serving to give a measure of any small change of inclination of the telescope consequent on reversal. The value in arc of one division of this level, as determined at the Washington Naval Observatory, is 1.067. The micrometer-screw carries three parallel threads perpendicular to the ruled lines of the transit reticule, the middle one of the three being that which is commonly used for measuring differences of zenith-distance. The value in arc of one revolution of the screw, as ascertained from numerous careful observations at the Washington Observatory, is 68.\"698; and, as the graduated screw-head is divided into 100 parts, each of which can be read to tenths by estimation, it affords a measure of .069 of a second of arc. The whole number of turns is read off on a comb at the side of the field of view, and these, for convenience, are numbered consecutively from left to right as viewed, the central tooth being Number 20. Parallactic motion is given to the eye-piece by a long-pitched screw, so that stars can be accurately observed either on the north or the south of the middle of the field.\n\nObserving-hut—For shelter, I had a roomy and well-designed portable wooden observatory, with the requisite openings, which was given to me by Lieutenant-Commander GREEN.\n\nThe instrument-pier is of Canton blue bricks set in Portland cement, and rests on a shallow footing of brickwork, but not isolated below the ground-level, though it has no contact with any part of the hut. This was found to answer very well, no unsteadiness having been perceptible during ordinary movements in the hut.\n\n## Zenith-telescope method of determining the Latitude\nIn determining the latitude or declination of the zenith by the zenith-telescope method, the general procedure is as follows. Pairs of stars are chosen for observation, such that their meridianal zenith-distances shall be nearly equal, but on opposite sides, north and south, of the zenith, and that they shall pass the meridian within a few minutes of one another. There is no fixed limit to the zenith-distance suitable for this method, but it is desirable not to pass much beyond 25°, and in this determination I have limited myself to within 20°, while the mean for all the pairs observed is just 8°. For difference of zenith-distance of any pair of stars the usual limit is 20' of arc, in order that the stars may not be too near the edge of the field, and also that the resulting latitude may not be too largely affected by any error in the adopted value of the micrometer-screw. I have practically conformed to this limit on the present occasion, having in the case of two pairs only passed a little beyond it. The difference of Right Ascension should be not less than one minute, in order to allow time for reading and reversal, and it should not exceed twenty minutes, on account of the risk of instrumental changes in the interval, resulting from changes of temperature. About sixteen minutes is the greatest interval for any pair used in this determination.\n\n## Method of observation\nFor observing, the instrument, having been previously adjusted carefully to the meridian, and its cross-axis levelled, is clamped at the mean of the zenith-distances of the two stars, and then directed at the proper time to the star which will pass the meridian first of the pair, the bubble of the telescope-level being brought to the middle of its run by the screw for that purpose. This star is bisected with the micrometer thread at or near the moment of its passage over the middle transit thread, the time being noted and, immediately afterwards, the level and micrometer-screw readings. The instrument (telescope and level remaining clamped) is then reversed, and it will evidently now be inclined to the zenith at the same angle as before, but on the opposite side of it, so that the second star will at the proper time appear in the field. This star is bisected at or near its transit, and the chronometer, level and micrometer read as before. The above constitutes one complete observation for latitude.\n\n## Advantages and disadvantages of the method\nThe chief advantages of this beautiful method over all others are—that it substitutes for measurements of large arcs small micrometric measurements of difference only of zenith-distance; that the time needs not be accurately known, an error of two or three seconds being of no moment; that possible errors arising from incorrect estimates of refraction are reduced to a minimum, inasmuch as the only term involving refraction which affects the result is the difference of refraction for stars at small and nearly equal zenith-distances; and that the effects of errors of flexure are similarly minimised. Its \"weak point,\" at the present day, is the scarcity, for any station, of stars fulfilling the necessary conditions whose declinations have been determined with high precision. The stars available are mostly of small magnitudes, a circumstance which, though favourable to accurate bisection, presents the drawback that, as compared with the Clock and other Standard stars, they are seldom observed at the fixed observatories, except under special arrangements for this particular purpose.\n\n## Selection of Stars, and Computation of Mean Places\nIt follows that, when possible, stars from the best catalogues only should be chosen; and, keeping this in view, I have limited myself to using none but stars that have been observed at the Royal Observatory, and whose places are given in the Greenwich Nine-Year Catalogue for 1872. In that catalogue, the Mean Places of the stars are given for the epoch 1872, January 1. Those places have been reduced to the epoch 1882, January 1, by the formula,\n\nMean R.A., 1882, January 1 = A + (p + q + $\\frac{n}{2}$n + c)\n\nwhere A is the star's Mean Right Ascension for 1872, January 1, p its Annual Precession in Right Ascension, q the variation of p in 100 years, $\\gamma$ the star's Annual Proper Motion in Right Ascension, n the number of years elapsed, and c the small correction from the Table at page 5 of the Introduction to the Catalogue.\n\nIn this case, n = 10, and the formula becomes,\n\nMean R.A., 1882, January 1 = A + 10(p + q) + ...\n\nSimilarly, I have computed the Mean North Polar Distances by the formula,\n\nMean N.P.D., 1882, January 1 = D + 10(p' + q') + ...\n\nwhere ... is the small correction from the Table at page 27 of the Introduction to the Catalogue.\n\nForty-eight stars, formed into 28 pairs, were used in the determination, each pair having been observed from one to five times. The average is two times for each pair, making 56 determinations, on eleven nights in January and February. Of these it has only been necessary to reject two as imperfect. The following Table exhibits, for each star, in Column I its name as taken from the Greenwich Nine-Year Catalogue for 1872; in Column II its number in that Catalogue; in Column III its number in the British Association Catalogue; in Column IV its Mean Right Ascension for 1882, January 1, computed as above; and in Column VI its computed Mean North Polar Distance for the same date. Columns V and VII show the number of observations at Greenwich, of Right Ascension and North Polar Distance respectively, in the Nine-Year period 1868 to 1876, which were combined to form the Mean Places given in the Catalogue for 1872, January 1.\n\n### TABLE I. COMPUTED MEAN PLACES OF STARS FOR 1882, JANUARY 1.\n\n| Star's Name | Number in Greenwich Nine-Year Catalogue | Number in B. A. C. | Mean R. A., 1882, January 1 | No. of Obs. of R. A. | Mean N. P. D., 1882, January 1 | No. of Obs. of N. P. D. |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 53 Andromeda | 164 | 500 | 1 33 37.187 | 5 | 50 1 16.47 | 10 |\n| Piazzi I. 142 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 106 Piscium | 137 | 510 | 1 34 36.340 | 5 | 47 58 43.94 | 5 |\n| 111 Piscium | 160 | 618 | 1 35 17.410 | 10 | 85 6 36.40 | 4 |\n| 57 Andromeda | 170 | 674 | 1 47 28.777 | 5 | 87 23 44.50 | 5 |\n| 24 Arietis | 190 | 628 | 1 56 39.541 | 28 | 48 14 13.86 | 27 |\n| 15 Trianguli | 216 | 745 | 2 18 29.505 | 7 | 70 55 28.58 | 6 |\n| 40 Arietis | 230 | 786 | 2 28 37.272 | 5 | 55 40 41.01 | 3 |\n| 41 Arietis | 258 | 867 | 2 41 55.189 | 7 | 72 13 31.10 | 3 |\n| 45 Arietis | 261 | 872 | 2 43 2.338 | 8 | 73 13 37.28 | 14 |\n| 38 Persei | 268 | 901 | 2 49 10.732 | 8 | 50 50.83 | 8 |\n| 52 Tauri | 297 | 960 | 3 7.102 | 2 | 73 38.09 | 14 |\n| 58 Arietis | 311 | 1045 | 3 8 15.057 | 6 | 69 40 50.04 | 3 |\n| 63 Arietis | 313 | 1052 | 3 17 20.433 | 4 | 73 42.30 | 11 |\n| f Tauri | 325 | 1087 | 3 24 21.540 | 2 | 67 7.70 | 10 |\n|  | 340 | 1138 | 3 36 5.159 | 5 | 58 5 12.10 | 14 |\n| 398 | 1326 |  | 4 13 6.000 |  | 60 55 58.43 | 3 |\n| 61 Tauri | 403 | 1340 | 4 16 7.792 | 7 | 72 44 7.85 | 7 |\n| 75 Tauri | 418 | 1377 | 4 21 41.875 | 7 | 73 54 19.55 | 5 |\n| Bradley 819 | 420 | 1391 | 4 23 48.471 | 5 | 74 3 50.87 | 5 |\n| Piazzi IV. 111 | 427 | 1408 | 4 27 15.083 | 4 | 61 17 13.94 | 4 |\n|  | 429 | 1430 | 4 29 8.995 | 10 | 73 43 45.22 | 9 |\n|  | 433 | 1482 | 4 31 24.271 | 2 | 74 12 10.47 | 2 |\n| 92 Tauri | 439 | 1437 | 4 32 31.606 | 2 | 74 19 1.70 | 2 |\n| Piazzi IV. 148 | 440 | 1444 | 4 33 56.656 | 6 | 61 36 54.37 | 6 |\n| 11 Aurigae | 482 | 1602 | 5 1 21.264 | 5 | 51 39 24.90 | 17 |\n|  | 507 | 1687 | 5 18 48.100 | 8 | 83 45 31.82 |  |\n| 110 Tauri | 519 | 1726 | 5 25 17.702 | 7 | 71 29 42.01 |  |\n| 125 Tauri | 534 | 1778 | 5 32 25.422 | 6 | 64 10 13.96 |  |\n| 1832 Tauri | 551 | 1837 | 5 41 46.444 | 6 | 65 28 24.69 |  |\n| 54 Orionis | 562 | 1870 | 5 47 29.721 | 6 | 69 44 59.25 |  |\n| 58 Orionis | 566 | 1883 | 5 48 46.976 | 8 | 82 36 58.51 |  |\n| 37 Aurigae | 571 | 1960 | 6 0 14.402 | 5 | 59 47 50.85 | 9 |\n| 67 Orionis | 587 | 1958 | 6 0 50.079 | 2 | 75 23 7.22 | 3 |\n| 70 Orionis | 594 | 1990 | 6 5 14.020 | 1 | 75 45 58.55 | 3 |\n| 44 Aurigae | 601 | 2001 | 6 7 51.473 | 4 | 48 26 61.53 | 9 |\n| 48 Aurigae | 620 | 2082 | 6 20 58.950 | 5 | 53 18.65 | 9 |\n| 49 Aurigae | 635 | 2138 | 6 37 46.158 | 5 | 59 26 4.99 | 9 |\n| 24 Geminorum | 645 | 2163 | 6 40 53.625 | 7 | 73 30 4.99 | 34 |\n| 54 Geminorum | 706 | 2398 | 7 11 18.701 | 7 | 73 14 53.45 | 9 |\n| 60 Geminorum | 724 | 2442 | 7 18 23.804 | 6 | 61 58 7.68 | 4 |\n| $\\mu$ Geminorum |  | 2469 | 7 22 28.822 |  | 61 50 31.02 | 4 |\n| 68 Geminorum | 737 | 2486 | 7 30 52.852 | 7 | 58 55 15.25 | 9 |\n| 78 Geminorum | 760 | 2550 | 7 38 5.616 | 11 | 61 41 24.62 | 10 |\n| 89 Geminorum | 774 | 2617 | 7 40 16.483 | 6 | 62 55 48.61 | 9 |\n| 3 Cancri | 782 | 2659 | 7 64 1.598 | 7 | 79 0 10.12 | 5 |\n| 9 Cancri | 790 | 2700 | 7 59 18.628 |  | 67 1 54.54 | + |\n| 10 Cancri | 792 | 2714 | 8 0 49.111 | 6 | 68 4 36.36 | 11 |\n| 87 Tauri |  |  |  |  | 60 27 36.25 | 8.75 |\n| 80 Tauri |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 24 Orionis |  |  |  |  |  |  |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-198 - Governor Hennessy Acting Governor Tonnochy - 1882 [3].txt",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-198 - Governor Hennessy Acting Governor Tonnochy - 1882 [3]",
        "page_number": 67,
        "title": "CO129-198 - Governor Hennessy Acting Governor Tonnochy - 1882 [3]",
        "content_text": "It is important that care be taken to obtain and record the true bearing and distance in feet from the centre of the pier to a fixed point in the proposed Observatory, such as the centre of the pier for the transit-instrument in that building.\n\nmay also point out that it will be interesting hereafter to obtain, by means of a small triangulation across the harbour, the measured difference of latitude between Lieutenant Commander GREEN'S pier on the North Barrack Parade ground and my pier on Mount Elgin. Such measurement will afford a means of comparing the observed latitudes at the two places, as soon as his results have been made known; and the difference between the observed and measured differences should show the extent by which his observations have been affected by local attraction.\n\nHongkong, 24th February, 1882.\n\n**H. SPENCER PALMER, Major, R. E.**\n\n65",
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    {
        "id": 316458,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-199 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [4]",
        "page_number": 85,
        "title": "CO129-199 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [4]",
        "content_text": "## Finance Committee of the Council\n\nconsented to pass, in a modified form, a vote of money, asked for by the Governor, on account of the proposed Observatory. This vote would have met with strenuous opposition, in point of principle, if the instructions conveyed by your Lordship's despatch of the [Date] December, which had been in the hands of the Executive Government since the month of January, had been made known to the Members of the Council in the usual course.\n\nI may further illustrate the unfortunate effect of the example set by Governor Hennessy in dealing in an irregular way with public papers, by referring to a letter from the Acting Colonial Secretary, published in the \"China Mail\" newspaper of the 11th March 1882, by which it appears that Mr Tonnock, the officer recently administering the Government, refused to place at the disposal of the Press, the dispatches which lay upon the table of the Council on the 7th February, and which formed...",
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    },
    {
        "id": 317876,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 127,
        "title": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "# REGISTRY OF SHIPPING\n\n12. Four vessels have been registered, and seven have been struck off the register books of this Colony, during the year under review.\n\n## MARINE MAGISTRATE'S COURT\n\n13. The cases tried in this Court are the same as in 1880, the principal offences being Drunkenness, Refusal of Duty, and Assault.\n\n## EXAMINATIONS FOR THE POSTS OF MASTERS, MATES AND ENGINEERS, UNDER SECTION XV OF ORDINANCE No. 8 OF 1879\n\n14. The following lists will show the number of Candidates who passed, and those who failed in obtaining Certificates of Competency :-\n\n| RANK | PASSED | FAILED |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Masters | 41 | 17 |\n| First Mates | 10 | 9 |\n| Only Mates | - | - |\n| Second Mates | 35 | 27 |\n| First Class Engineers | 2 | 22 |\n| Second Class Engineers | 73 | 49 |\n\n## MARINE COURTS, UNDER SECTION XIII OF ORDINANCE No. 8 OF 1879\n\n15. The following Courts have been held during the year-\n\n1. On the 14th May, 1881, - inquiry as to the stranding of the British Steam-ship Lorne, Official number 62,297 of Leith, on the right bank of the River Han near Peaked Rock, at the entrance to Swatow. The Master's (JOHN MCKECHNIE) Certificate of Competency was returned.\n\n2. On the 23rd May, 1881, - inquiry as to the stranding of the British Steam-ship Hailoong, Official number 65,082 of Aberdeen, on the South point of the Island of Quemoy near the Port of Amoy. The Master's (WILLIAM YOUNG HUNTER) Certificate of Competency was suspended for six months.\n\n3. On the 17th October, 1881, - inquiry as to the loss of the British barque Bolton Abbey, Official number 49,896 of Liverpool, on the South-east side of the Pratas Shoal. The Master's (JOHN WILLIAMS) Certificate of Competency was returned.\n\n4. On the 24th October, 1881, - inquiry as to the loss of the British ship Geraldine Paget, Official number 63,572 of London, on the South-east side of the Pratas Shoal. The Master's (STEPHEN WILKINSON) Certificate of Competency was returned.\n\nIn the case of the Bolton Abbey the members of the Court expressed themselves as follows:-\n\n\"The Court cannot too strongly express their opinion that the Pratas Shoal should be provided with lights. The Shoal was surveyed in 1858; and, being in the track of the numerous ships navigating the China Sea, has been a fruitful source of disaster, as is evidenced by the many vessels wrecked on this highly dangerous and as yet unmarked Shoal.\"\n\nThe members of the Court of enquiry into the case of the Geraldine Paget expressed themselves as follows:-\n\n\"We repeat the opinion given at the recent Marine Court of enquiry that the Pratas Shoal should be efficiently lit up.\"\n\n## SEAMEN\n\n16. 6,940 Seamen of all nationalities were shipped, and 7,281 were discharged in the year 1881. The excess of discharges over men shipped is caused by the former leaving the Colony without notifying their departure.\n\n## GENERAL\n\n17. It may not be out of place in reporting on the Marine of the Colony to call attention to what is, and has long since been admitted as a great want, a Time Ball for the benefit of Shipmasters.\n\nAs there is some delay in building the contemplated Observatory at Kowloon, I take the opportunity of suggesting that the Colonial Government should make an application to the Naval Authorities with a view to a Ball being dropped daily at one o'clock on board H.M.S. 'Victor Emanuel'. Ships are now so short a time in Port that the Captains are unable to regulate their Chronometers in the old fashion of landing them to be rated by Messrs. FALCONER, NOBLE, and others. I would submit that, if Vice-Admiral WILLES, C.B., the Commander-in-Chief, consents to the arrangement, the Officer having charge of this duty be paid for his responsibility out of the Light Dues, which are ample to meet this charge.\n\n## FEES\n\n18. The fees collected by this Department during the year were as follows:-\n\n| Fee Type | Amount ($) |\n| --- | --- |\n| Emigration fees, under Ordinance No. 5 of 1874, No. 5 of 1876, and No. 5 of 1878 | 21,839.25 |\n| Fees under Section III of Ordinance 8 of 1879, Registry of Ships | 7,231.17 |\n| Survey and measurement of Ships under 50 tons | 382.50 |\n| Examination Masters, Mates, &c. | 2,090.00 |\n| Light dues (not paid by Chinese Junks) | 20,755.14 |\n| Shipping Seamen | 6,940.00 |\n| Sale of Printed forms | 317.00 |\n| Storage of Gunpowder | 487.00 |\n| Registration &c. of Junks (Junks only Cargo-boats' Certificates, Harbour Regulations, Sale of) | 61.00 |\n|  | 814.50 |\n| Total | $98,544.41, $17,787.35 by Chinese Junks |\n\nIt will be seen from the above return that, although Chinese Junks pay for licences, &c., under Section 38, they are exempt from the payment of light dues under Section 34, and that the difference was, for the last year, $915.64 in their favour.\n\n## BREAKWATER\n\n19. The construction of the Breakwater for the Harbour of Refuge is progressing, but to make this Refuge complete it will be necessary to dredge a considerable portion of the inclosed foreshore is constantly silting up, forming an embankment along the Praya, which, at low water, not only prevents cargo and other boats from getting close inshore to discharge and load, but the filth deposited by the drains creates such a stench, especially in the summer months, that it only requires one's hours to be spent as mine are, in an Office on the Praya, fully to appreciate the evil.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour most obedient Servant,\nH. G. THOMSETT, R.N., Harbour Master, &c.\nThe Honourable\nTHE ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY,\n&c.,\n&c.,\n&c.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 320500,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "page_number": 464,
        "title": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "content_text": "It remains that Hong Kong, being about to embark on dissimilar undertakings of its own, is scarcely as free as formerly to assist the Observatory with funds which it might not unnaturally prefer to expend in perfecting its meteorological establishment and its connexions.\n\nThe Observatory at Shanghai, at Zi-ka-wei, will be divided from that proposed for Hong Kong by a coastline over one thousand miles in length and will be to the North China Sea what the institution proposed for Hong Kong will be to the South China Sea. Both Observatories will publish and exchange weather forecasts for the benefit of the shipping frequenting their waters, and it cannot be denied that the value of the Hong Kong reports would be immensely enhanced by the simultaneous publication at Hong Kong of those received from Shanghai and its substations at the Treaty ports; and with reference to the Treaty port weather-reports, I should point out that the contemplated establishment at Shanghai will render these scarcely less trustworthy than its own by the periodical comparison and correction of the instruments to be used at all places along the Coast, and by the introduction among them of a general uniform extent of observation. It is the constancy of this extended area which it (the project) will cover and so deserve whatever primary assistance that Colony may afford.\n\n9. In reply, therefore, to Mr. Meade's question as to the best way the assistance of the Hong Kong Government can be given to the project, I have the honour very respectfully to submit that, if the Council of th... approves of a small subsidy from public funds, which is the only really practical way to assist, it might be intimated to the Meteorological Society that this proposal would not be likely to receive unfavourable consideration by Hong Kong Government. Such an application, if made, should be accompanied by a statement of the amounts the promoters already count upon receiving from all sources, and by further information as to the kind and frequency of the weather intelligence they would be able to furnish the Colony, and, what is more important, they should explain what degree of surveillance or responsibility the new Central Observatory at Shanghai proposes to assume over the work of the chain of observers along the China Coast, whose collective reports, if systematically issued under one organization, will prove the most important feature of the scheme to the proposed Meteorological Establishment at Hong Kong. The papers enclosed in Mr. Meade's letter are herewith returned.\n\nI have the honour to be  \nYour most obedient Servant  \nN...rice",
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    {
        "id": 320546,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "page_number": 510,
        "title": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "content_text": "## 504\n\nLun further Estimate of the cost, which is $18,680.\n\nIn respect of the general scientific importance and practical local utility of the proposed institution, it will not be necessary to take up the time by again going over the ground travelled in the official correspondence that has passed. It may be briefly stated that the observatory is beyond question a great local want for the daily issue of correct time to the ships, and of trustworthy forecasts of the weather to these, and to the boat population that swarm in thousands; and that if ably conducted, its physical observations of the phenomena of the China seas will possess extraordinary value as contributions to meteorological science, owing to the peculiarly favourable position of Hong Kong.\n\nThe original project submitted in 1877 comprised two main branches of work: \n1. astronomical observations with stationary instruments for the determination of local time, and the dropping of a time ball.\n2. systematic and continuous meteorological observations with self-registering instruments.\n\nThe proposal of the Committee of the Royal Society has added to these a third branch, i.e., terrestrial magnetism, to which, however, effect is only partially given in the present modified project. I deal with this point further on.\n\n## Observatory Site\nThe necessity for the observatory having first engaged my attention in 1876, I selected Mount Elgin in the peninsula of Kowloon as the best place for the buildings, as far back as that year. And since then, all applications from private purchasers for the auction sale of this much-coveted piece of land have been refused. The conditions of an observatory site are that it should not be too distant from the harbour, that it should command a view of as large an arc of the meridian as possible, that the locality should be a rural one and as secluded as possible, and that the ground should be at a convenient elevation above sea level. The one chosen is the only spot in the Colony that fulfils these conditions, so that no doubt can arise as to the advisability of adopting it in preference to any other locality. It would be impossible to place the Observatory on the island of Hong Kong itself, near the town, as the latter, which is overshadowed by hills, has neither suitable level ground nor any sky view to the South.\n\nMount Elgin is a small hill rising abruptly from the surrounding level ground on all sides and culminating in two humps distant 300 feet from each other. The tops of these humps were levelled many years ago by Governor Sir Hercules Robinson, who had intended building himself a private summer residence on one, and Government offices on the other, so that...\n\nPage 510\nPage 511",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "page_number": 511,
        "title": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "content_text": "## Observatory Buildings Proposal\n\nNo Expense will now be incurred in the levelling and preparation of the site, which is ready for the reception of the buildings. The ground floor of these, when built, will be exactly 100 feet above sea level. As the Observatory will be in a favourable position in respect of the ships in the Anchorage, I proposed in 1877, and still adhere to that proposal, to drop the time-ball from Tsimtsatsui Point, where it will be seen from all parts of the harbour. Tsimtsatsui Point may be connected with the observatory by a short telegraph wire, and the ball dropped with the same facility as at the observatory building itself. Should experience prove that Tsimtsatsui Point is inconveniently far from the ships (1 17/32 miles), it may be desirable to transfer the time-ball to the Hong Kong side and drop it from the Harbour Master's Office in the centre of the port. This can be done by laying a submarine wire from the observatory across the harbour to the Harbour Master's Office. The alternative, however, is one which, owing to the increased expense, I would not recommend until a very full and fair trial has been given to the experiment of dropping the ball from Tsimtsatsui Point first suggested.\n\nFrom a meteorological point of view, Mount Elgin forms an equally desirable site, as it is an isolated eminence free from any disturbing influences. For the magnetic work, I regret to say I am unable to speak as favourably. The soil is a silicate of alumina tinted deep red with iron oxides, but I know no spot in Hong Kong, or Howloong, that is less unfavourable; the geological formation being uniformly decomposed granite with iron protoxide. Mount Elgin, however, is free from any great masses of rock or any features likely to exercise special attraction over the magnets.\n\n### The Buildings Proposed\n\nThe buildings proposed will consist of:\n| Item | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (i) | a main building of brick and flat-tiled roof; two stories, the lower one to be the Observatory and the upper to be the residence of the Superintendent. |\n| (ii) | a block of servants' quarters and out-offices at the back of the main building and joined with it by a covered way. |\n| (iii) | a transit room abutting against the Eastern End of the main building. |\n| (iv) | two isolated wooden huts for the magnetic instruments to be built on the western eminence of Mount Elgin, 300 feet away from the main building. |\n\nThe underground or sunken chamber for the self-recording magnetometers is postponed for the present.\n\nThe main building will be a rectangular structure, 70 feet long by 30 feet wide, including the port verandah. The upper floor will be devoted entirely to quarters for the Superintendent, who will have a sitting room, dining room, bedroom with bath attached, and a spare room. The ground floor, comprising four rooms, will be the observatory. \n\nPage 505",
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    {
        "id": 320551,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "page_number": 515,
        "title": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "content_text": "## \nIn the Colony the Superintendent will no doubt be able to make many practical suggestions and on this ground, I cannot consider it in the light of a misfortune, that we should start on a reduced plan and increase the scope of the work of the observatory, step by step, as personal experience may hereafter dictate to the scientific officer in charge. Another omission in the list of instruments furnished by the Kew Committee is the Electrograph which would cost about £85 verified and erected in situ. In considering the reductions to be made, this instrument was only deferred, as being of less importance to the completeness of the meteorological branch than the others, and also because perhaps it is not too much to say (I speak subject to correction) that it has scarcely yet emerged from the experimental stage sufficiently to be indispensable and practical as an accessory to an observatory. The Electrograph can however be added now or at any future time without further expense than the cost of its purchase and erection. It will not entail any extra building expense, as I have left ample room for it in the same chamber with the Barograph and Thermograph.\n\nIn recapitulation I may again mention that the disposition of the instruments will be as follows: the Barograph, Thermograph and eventually, the Electrograph will be placed in the Meteorological Chamber which will be kept free from draughts, more specially to protect the Barograph; the Anemograph will go on the turret; the Sunshine recorder will be fixed on a stone block on the roof; and the rain gauge will stand in a corner of the lawn 100 feet distant from any building, at its maximum.\n\nOn the subject of the Anemograph I cannot help mentioning here my fear that the instrument in use in European observatories which I have examined, will scarcely stand the test of a Hong Kong typhoon. Experience will be sure to prove that a much stronger instrument must be designed if it is to outlive a cyclone and accurately record the wind pressure.\n\nWith regard to the horological instruments I should point out that the Sidereal Clock must be of the very best possible construction, for it will be under constant test by the remarkable inclemencies of temperature of the Hong Kong climate. The mean time clock need not necessarily be of the same high standard of excellence for it will be kept corrected from day to day by the Sidereal Clock and star observations.\n\nThe time ball included in the estimate at £400, is a ball of six feet in diameter discharged by an electric trigger connected with the clock. The apparatus will be of the same pattern as the time balls supplied by Farley to the Governments of Natal and of India for Port Elizabeth and Calcutta respectively. I do not suggest a ball of larger diameter than six feet because it would be unwieldy and the increased bulk would expose it to destruction by typhoons; besides, with an increased bulk, wind-pressure would make the drop sluggish.",
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    {
        "id": 320552,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "page_number": 516,
        "title": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "content_text": "510 \n\n} \n\nThe drop must be sharp and instantaneous. In this country, where time-balls are seldom of a larger diameter than four feet, a gale of wind has often been known to exert such pressure on the ball during its descent as to make it adhere to the sides of the mast, and to slide down the latter instead of making a free drop.\n\nTo be on a staff. The charge of the observatory should be the Superintendent aided by an Assistant and a Clerk. The Superintendent should be the head of his own department and responsible directly to the Executive Government. If objection be raised to the creation of a new Government Department, the observatory might be attached to the Harbour Master's Establishment, this office being the one most intimately connected with the operations of the observatory. The first alternative will, however, in my opinion be found the preferable.\n\nThe Superintendent should be a young gentleman of undoubted physical energy, and of proved ability and accuracy in his work. His experience and attainments in the branches of astronomy, meteorology, and terrestrial magnetism should be personally known to the Astronomer Royal, to whom it is recommended that the selection of a candidate might be referred. It would be important that the Superintendent should assist for a time at Greenwich and Kew Observatories, at the latter more specially during the time that the Hong Kong instruments are in course of verification. The transit clocks, electric and time-ball apparatus should receive his careful inspection before shipment to the Colony. The salary suggested for the post is £1500 a year with a free residence, but the Secretary of State will doubtless approve of an increase of salary following any material increase of the scientific duties and responsibilities of the office.\n\nThe Assistant, as pointed out in the letter of the Kew Committee, may be a non-commissioned officer. He should have practical experience of the manipulation of the meteorological instruments and understand the regulation of clocks. He should also understand telegraphy and be able to assist the Superintendent in his special duties and calculations. One duty of the Assistant will be to attend to the time-ball and see that the entire apparatus is maintained in good working order. The pay should not be less than £256 a year and free quarters in the new erection at Tsim Tsatsui Point.\n\nThere will be no difficulty in obtaining a competent Chinese clerk to do the copying and writing for the observatory, for £125 a year. A general office servant and a night watchman will complete the personnel. These are included in the Estimate of yearly Maintenance. The cost of upkeep and repairs of the buildings, which for the first few years should be almost nothing, will be defrayed by the ordinary Public Works Vote entitled \"Repairs to Buildings\", annually voted in the Colonial Estimates for the upkeep of all Government buildings in the island and Kowloon.",
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        "id": 323627,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "page_number": 58,
        "title": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "content_text": "questing you to discontinue it, and there was some correspondence between us on the subject. And I am to understand you to swear on your oath that I wrote you a letter?\n\nYou wrote to my clerk declining to discontinue supplying the paper until you were requested to do so by the Governor or the Colonial Secretary; it was not written to me personally.\n\nYou are aware, of course, that it has been my duty frequently...\n\nMr. Francis--Duty!\n\nDefendant: You will have your opportunity of making any remarks you please presently, Mr. Francis. To witness: You are aware that I have considered it my duty frequently to write adverse criticisms upon your public acts?\n\nWitness: I do not know what you may consider it your duty to write, but I know that you have systematically slandered me for months past.\n\nDefendant: That is not the point.\n\nWitness: It is the point.\n\nDefendant: Have I criticised your public acts?\n\nWitness: You have.\n\nDefendant: Have I not often adversely...\n\nWitness: Have I ever praised what you have done? As I never read your paper, I cannot say.\n\nYou are aware it is the duty of every paper to fearlessly criticise the public acts of any public officer?\n\nWitness: I am.\n\nYou instructed your clerk to write to me last January?\n\nWitness: Yes.\n\nIs this the letter?\n\nWitness: I have never seen the letter; I only gave my clerk instructions; I do not know what he wrote.\n\nThe defendant then read the letter as follows:\n\n\"I am directed by the Surveyor-General to inform you that he desires to discontinue the subscription of this department to your paper, and will be glad if you will favour this office with your account at your earliest convenience.—I remain, &c.,\n\nWILLIAM GOULBOURNE,\n\nThe defendant: Is that the substance of your instructions?\n\nWitness: It is.\n\nAnd you remember receiving a reply to it?\n\nWitness: I remember my clerk told me you declined to discontinue it.\n\nI will read you the letter.\n\nThe defendant read as follows:\n\nHongkong Telegraph Office, Hongkong, 4th January, 1883.\n\nW. Goulbourne, Esq.,\n\nSIR,—In reply to your letter just received, will you be good enough to inform the Hon. the Surveyor-General that we have received instructions from the Colonial Secretary to supply the Surveyor-General's Department daily with a copy of the Hongkong Telegraph and that we shall continue to do so until the order is countermanded either by Dr. Stewart or his Excellency the Administrator.—I am, &c.,\n\nR. FRASER-SMITH.\n\nExamination continued: Were you never criticised in the Hongkong Telegraph before the 4th January?\n\nWitness: I believe I have been; I believe I have been systematically libelled by the Hongkong Telegraph, but I cannot give dates.\n\nOn the receipt of that letter by Mr. Goulbourne, I believe you addressed a letter to the Colonial Secretary?\n\nWitness: I did.\n\nYou remember what you said?\n\nWitness: Perfectly.\n\nWill you repeat it for the benefit of the jury?\n\nWitness: I consider my communications to the Colonial Secretary are privileged, and do not concern you in any way whatever.\n\nDid you state that I was a convicted criminal pursuing my abandoned career?\n\nWitness: I decline to give you any answer on that point.\n\nDefendant: We will have the letter produced, so it does not matter. Will you give the reason why you ordered the paper to be discontinued when it was ordered to be supplied by the Colonial Secretary?\n\nWitness: Because I did not consider it respectable.\n\nWhy?\n\nWitness: Every man is entitled to his opinion; and that was my opinion.\n\nI asked you the reason.\n\nWitness: Was it not because your acts were severely criticised?\n\nWitness: I formed the opinion then, and I have seen no reason to alter that opinion.\n\nWhy, you have just said you never see the paper.\n\nWitness: No, but some of its contents are often repeated to me.\n\nWas it not because of an article severely criticising your public acts?\n\nWitness: It was not.\n\nWill you be good enough to inform the jury as to the custom of your department in carrying out contracts?\n\nMr. Francis objected to the question on the ground that it was not now competent for the defendant to go into the truth or falsehood of the alleged libel.\n\nThe defendant said he was not going into that question, but he would only endeavour to show he was not actuated by malice and that he had good grounds for advocating an investigation into certain matters.\n\nHis Lordship said the defendant was entitled to go into that as Mr. Francis had made malice one of the strings of his bow. It would be his duty hereafter to tell the jury how far they were to consider the question of malice.\n\nMr. Price then, in answer to the defendant's examination, said that when public works were to be undertaken, there were two courses which were followed—one was to advertise for tenders in the Government Gazette, and to send round circulars to the principal contractors, or to have the work done by measurement in accordance with a schedule of prices in the Government Offices. In all works, tenders were not advertised for in the Government Gazette; it was not necessary, but in large works, such as that at Causeway Bay, or the Observatory, it was the invariable rule to advertise for tenders unless there was some special reason against it. The whole thing was governed by the possibility of ascertaining the cost of any work beforehand. The acceptance of any contract rested with the Governor, but he could not say that he had no responsibility with respect to them, since he sent his report upon the tenders to His Excellency, who might, perhaps, be influenced by it. A tender accepted without competition would not be an irregularity, as a great many contracts were given without any competition. That was only done where the price of the contract was below the Government scale already mentioned and would not be given otherwise. There was no truth in the paragraph the defendant had quoted from the `China Mail` as to the Government paying 50 percent more for their work than private individuals. A great many public contracts were given without competition every day. The laying of the foundation of the new Lunatic Asylum had been so given to Mr. Chan Kim. The work was to be done by measurement. The new mortuary at Shek Tong Tsui was a parallel case, but it was not a fact that the prices paid for these works were much above their actual value.\n\nSpecifications were prepared for the whole of them. There was nothing to prevent any respectable contractor from doing the work, providing that he did it according to the schedule, and gave certain guarantees. The work for the Observatory was put out to public competition, Sun Shing being the successful contractor.\n\nHis Lordship said he did not see how it would avail the defendant to go into these matters unless he showed that he was aware of them at the time he wrote the article in question.\n\nThe defendant said he was aware of them at the time; the contracts were settled in 1882.\n\nHis Lordship said he did not see what use the defendant wished to make of them in his defence.\n\nThe defendant said he wished to show that he was not actuated by malice, but that he had acted on good grounds.\n\nHis Lordship said he was not inclined to check the examination unless an objection was raised.\n\nMr. Francis: I am quite prepared to give the defendant as much rope as he needs, my Lord; he will only make one use of it.\n\nThe Defendant: My only object is to elicit the truth.\n\nMr. Francis: And thereby hang yourself.\n\nThe defendant: If I hang myself, that is my affair.\n\nExamination continued: It was hardly likely that when the invitation for the tenders was issued, it was intimated that the work would have to be done within four months, but witness could not remember whether it was stated now, as it was published nearly a year ago.\n\nBy Mr. Francis: Witness was not in the colony, but was away on leave when the article appeared in the `Telegraph` as to the payment of contractors, alluded to by the defendant.\n\nDr. Stewart was then called, and in answer to the defendant, he said: I am acting for the Colonial Secretary at present. I have been empowered to produce certain documents. I produce a letter dated January 8th, 1883, from the Surveyor-General to the acting Colonial Secretary.\n\nPage 57",
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        "id": 324682,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "page_number": 715,
        "title": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "content_text": "708\n\nor quarters marking, the\n\nat the same time\n\nre-\n\n630 a\n\nmy month.\n\nFat should ascio lau.\n\n$30\n\n30.\n\n3.7\n\n3. I would therefore venture to re-quest his Lordship\n\nand the resistant\n\nB\n\ngreat to me\n\nau allename\n\nnot less than their stated above.\n\n4. I have the honour to draw his Lordship's attention to also another point. Whereas in this country the pro-cedure of scientific\n\nmen\n\nis\n\nof\n\ngreat extent founded upon the relative merits of their publications. I am informed, that scientific offi-cials, thus proceeding. If the colonial\n\nnics, had it advisable to have\n\ntheir official rank strictly defined. The Admiralty decided for instance concerning Mr. Hill's rank, before he proceeded to the Cape\n\nas\n\nHer\n\nMajesty's Astronomer there. It would be very likely impossible for his Excellency the Governor of Hong\n\nKong\n\nto decide concerning my\n\nofficial rank upon my\n\narrival\n\n2\n\n-ced on eg\n\nequality with a Surveyor General, who is not a member of The Council.\n\n6. I have also the honour\n\nmy Lord, the Secretary\n\nof State, to\n\nrequest\n\nthe sanction of Her Ma-jesty's grant\n\nUniform of\n\none leave to\n\nwear\n\nthe\n\nColonial Civil Ser-\n\nvant of the fourth class.\n\n7. I would also venture to his Lordship to direct that my Annual Report as Director of the Observatory be presented in print through the Colonial Sec-retary to the Governor of Hong Kong.\n\n8. Sir J. C. Hennessy, when I had the honour to consult him on this point, in-formed me that this course is mata auriana l.\n\n-ring\n\n1\n\nMy chiefs\n\nchief's reason for venturing\n\nto make this\n\nrequest, is\n\nanx-\n\nial to avoid complication by securing, that the Annual Report\n\nsent in a\n\nform similar to other reports, that are annually presented to the Royal Astronomi-cal Society and other learned Insti-tutions.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nYour obedient servant,\n\nM. Doberck.\n\nThe Under Secretary\n\nof State for the Colonies.",
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    {
        "id": 325076,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 336,
        "title": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "Past I can only say the year terminating on the 29th of the present month will be the most paying year with regard to opium revenue the colony has yet experienced; but with regard to the future, if I had known that my hon. friend was going to ask the question, I would have endeavoured to persuade him not to ask it at this moment. I confess to a propensity, when a question is asked, to give it a full and frank answer; but in this case I really cannot go into particulars because negotiations are pending.\n\nI, at this moment, and as are happy to say I have very little to do with them, I can assure my hon. friend they are in very good hands. Negotiations are pending at this moment, and I believe I may say our opium revenue for the ensuing year commencing March 1st may be looked upon as fairly safe. At the same time I may say that whatever uncertainty there may be attaching to the question arises, I think, from our having performed the somewhat unfortunate process of—if not exactly killing—endangering the existence of the goose which laid the golden eggs. On that point I will ask my hon. friend to be content with that somewhat meagre information; I am not in a position to add anything more to it.\n\nThere is one matter I should like also to refer to. In a paragraph in His Excellency's speech are these words: -\n\nWhile every succeeding census has revealed a great increase in the population, there has not been a corresponding increase in the number of human habitations. Overcrowding in its worst form has consequently been the result; and the prevention of this evil will be dealt with in the proposed new Public Health Ordinance. However, as the true remedy is to be found in increased house accommodation for the labouring classes, it will be necessary to expand the city.\n\nI propose only to detain the Council one moment in pointing out that it is not only the Chinese labouring classes who stand sorely in need of increased house accommodation. Some of us would be simply horrified if we saw the places in which our own clerks live. Some of the boys, perhaps, sir, they do not feel so much the sting and unwholesome nature of the dens in which they are compelled to reside. But there is a class, the class of English clerks of the poorer sort, and more especially the class of artisans and foremen of manufactories, an increasing class daily rising around us, who really can hardly obtain house accommodation they can afford to pay for at any price which gives; and when they do obtain it, it is of a most unsatisfactory character.\n\nI do hope the expansion of the town His Excellency has alluded to will provide a reasonable amount of accommodation for people of that class, for my impression is that it is the worst provided class in the colony in this respect. The Chinese get the accommodation which pleases them, though it may be accommodation of a most repulsive character for us; but the European clerk or artisan is destitute almost of a place in which to lay his head.\n\nThe COLONIAL SECRETARY—I may add a few words to what my hon. friend has said about the opium revenue. I do not anticipate any falling off from the revenue of last year, which has been the largest ever collected. The applications for the licences to commence on the 1st March are coming in, and we hope to obtain a larger amount this year than last year.\n\nThere is another point on which my hon. friend (Mr. Johnson) made a remark, the standing orders. I am happy to be able to assure him His Excellency the Governor intends to take a very early opportunity of asking the Council to appoint a committee to revise these orders. They are most incomplete and inconvenient, and the inconvenience has often been experienced. For instance, one rule says two days' notice shall be given of any meeting of Council, and another that no question can be asked without three days' notice being given. It may happen I give notice in the name of the Governor that a meeting of the Council will be held two days from this, and the hon. member cannot put a question because that would require three days' notice.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN—I believe all the hon. members have seen the address in reply which has been prepared, but if any member wishes to propose any addition or alteration we had better have it read, if not perhaps it would be as well to have it taken as read.\n\nThe SURVEYOR-GENERAL—I have to suggest a verbal alteration in paragraph 15. It is of no great importance.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN—Perhaps the Clerk had better read the address.\n\nThe address was then read.\n\nThe SURVEYOR-GENERAL—I beg to move a slight amendment to paragraph 15, which I think would more correctly read as follows:—“We learn with satisfaction the completion of the Breakwater and the Observatory, and the progress already made in such important and necessary works as the Taitam Harbour Works,” etc. The paragraph as it stands would infer we are glad to learn the progress made with works that have been already completed some time. The alteration is verbal merely, but we may as well have it correct. I think I would also add the Central Market, which is also a public matter, making the concluding portion of the paragraph read, “and that the new Central School and new Central Market will be commenced forthwith.”\n\nHon. P. Ryrie seconded, and the alteration was made.\n\nThe question was then put that the address do pass, and was carried nem. con.\n\nThe COLONIAL SECRETARY—I have to move that the address be presented to His Excellency the Governor by the mover and seconder, and I have the honour to announce I have ascertained from the Governor he will be happy to receive these gentlemen to-morrow at one o'clock.\n\nThe COLONIAL TREASURER seconded. Carried nem. con.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN then adjourned the Council until four o'clock to-day for the purpose of passing the Jury List.\n\nPage 334",
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        "id": 328050,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-220 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 428,
        "title": "CO129-220 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# OCR Proofread Text\n\nonce we break from the column, and gallop across the broken ground of the paddy fields, dismounting here and there to drag our ponies up and down the slippery places on the opposing hill, and backwards and forwards across the stream; and, at a point where the valley begins to widen out into a wider plain, encircled by high hills, we cut through the column, and, leaving it to continue its route along the plain, we ride up the hill on our right and rejoin the General's staff. Under General Negrier and staff are on a neighbouring hill on our right, and with them a battery of artillery. Two of the guns are firing in the direction of the distant ridges of the hills, still to our right. Turning our glasses in that direction we soon see banners and moving figures. We have come upon the rear of the Chinese camp, which has been following the road on the broken down route. They quicken their pace as the shells fall amongst them, and soon we have seen the last of them. Their route bends round amongst the hills in front, just beyond the village of Yen Vy in the plain, and presently the moving figures reappear there. The second battery of artillery is brought on to our height, and the guns brought into play in that direction. Two small guns of the enemy make a defiant but feeble reply. Soon the figures have vanished at that point, but only to reappear at one more distant. The battery on the neighbouring height descends, and with General Negrier advances to the front. Meantime, the whizz of a bullet is heard above our heads; presently another, and immediately a third, followed by others in quick succession. Turning to the hills opposite to us, on the narrowest part of the plain, on our left, we detect several figures. Then, as on the following day, the Chinese were quick to discover the position of the Staff, and to take action accordingly. A party of Tirailleurs from the adjoining height attempt to dislodge these sharpshooters, but as they continue to amuse themselves, the artillerymen and their mules, and the General's Chasseur body-guard and their horses are ordered to move below the ridge on the sheltered side of the hill.\n\nWhile this is going on, having tied our ponies on the sheltered side of the hill, we are observing the advance of the column through the plains, ascending the hills beyond the village before us. The thread moves on until it shapes itself on a slope into compact bodies, woven together in dark masses on a green ground. Ascending the narrow height on the left is a battery of the second brigade. We can see the Chinese banners and troops on the further ridge, and, on a high point to the left, two figures, which for a long time are conspicuous, keep their ground until they have sufficiently observed our numbers, positions and probable movements. Straggling shots are heard soon, followed by the regular discharge of the French infantry fire, which, at brief intervals, is succeeded by an irregular but sustained exchange from the Chinese side. In reply to this, and to the occasional report of the two Krupp guns the 8-centimetre guns have begun to play on the enemy. These are well directed and explode at the proper time, and cannot fail to work havoc where they fall. Then the French infantry discharge increases in rapidity, as if the Western race were angrily impatient and determined to overcome the stubbornness of these Celestials of the East. This more rapid fire is followed by an advance to the height guarded by the foe, who has fallen back from his foremost point of vantage. But is he in retreat?\n\nAs the French cannon sound ominously during the brief pause in the infantry fire which accompanies the change of position, some one says: \"It is all over now; that will finish them.\" The General and his staff descend from our height and move forward, to the hill opposite the village, from which to witness the close of the fight, expected every moment. We follow, but instead of pushing our jaded ponies up the hill, if we keep to the road, satisfied to get as near a view as may be possible on that lower ground. But now, so far from ceasing, the infantry fire has been renewed with greater vigour than ever. We quicken our pace, the French bugle sounds the advance, and, after a moment's pause, is responded to by the monotonous, sustained, weird, and yet both defiant and inspiriting tones of the Chinese horn, which is heard again and again through all the din of the fray. The French advance with a shout, charge the second height, and take it. But not yet is the battle won. We press our tired horses to a gallop towards the point where the battle rages, and, having made them fast in a safe corner of the field, hurry forward on foot. As we hasten onwards the swish of the French shells, and the swift flight of the Chinese bullets sound in quick succession. Passing a turn in the road we suddenly find ourselves in the rear of the French position. Troops are on the hill to our left which rises from the road on which we stand; troops are on the higher hills on our right, on the other side of the gully; ahead, at the end of the open spaces are two hills on which are stationed the Chinese, one being about 700 and the other about 800 yards distant.\n\nWe get into what we suppose will be a sheltered observatory on our left, and compose ourselves to observe, but a bullet striking the ground two yards in front of us was a hint to shift our quarters. We crept up the sheltered side of the hill, and on rising to the crest of the hill found ourselves amongst a company of Tirailleurs Tonquinoise, who have the honour of being in front. They are lying upon the ground in position to fire. Two of them are wounded, one in the leg and the other in the breast. At present the company is not firing. Why, I know not. Perhaps the Chinese have disappeared from their view. If so they are not lost to the view of the others. Although these are giving special attention to the neighbouring heights, on which two companies of the Foreign Legion are keeping up a brisk fusilade, they are not regardless of the Annamites, as bullets which whizz by us sufficiently testify.\n\nAt 5.45 p.m. the French bugle calls to cease firing, and, with curious effect, at the very moment the French desist the Chinese do so also, and there is a shock of silence. The fight for that day was ended, at a cost of 24 wounded, 8 of whom were of the Foreign Legion. The fact that four artillerymen were wounded would seem to indicate that there are some amongst the Chinese possessed of more skill in the use of the rifle than usual; but if they have learned the use of the rifle they do not appear to know how to use their cannon. Perhaps, in first using them, they so adjusted the shells that they burst too soon, and now have gone to the other extreme and adjust them to explode too late. As a matter of fact their shells invariably bury themselves harmlessly in the ground.\n\nThe troops were ordered to remain for the night in the positions they occupied when firing ceased, and so, wishing goodbye to the French officers of the Annamite company, we hastened back to find our ponies before it should be dark. Descending the hill we came almost immediately upon a Chinaman who was crouching against the bank at the side of the road. Perhaps he was wounded and unable to escape when his countrymen had been driven from the height. Yet he did not seem to be in pain, nor did he seem to be so much fearful as watchful and expectant. Instinctively I said: \"Willo,\" the pidgin English for \"make off,\" \"get away,\" but, as was to be expected, the word had no effect upon him. By remaining with him we should only attract attention, and determine his fate. The best we could do was to leave him, with a feeble hope that he might be able to effect his escape. We learned afterwards that he had been discovered and shot. That night we were so fortunate as to find quarters in a house in the adjacent village, the first time we had slept under a roof, at least a house roof, for 19 days. The houses contained a good store of rice.\n\nPage 426",
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        "content_text": "# \nOffice. \nDate. \nSubject. \n\nOffice Individual. \nor \nDak. \nSubject. \n\n## Admiralty\n9 Apr. Direct Telegraphic Communication with King of War Office.\n8 May Land in front of Battery at Belcher's Point.\n\n## \n20 \n# \ndo. \n27 \n# \nRequest of Hongkong for torpedo boats.\n\n## \ndo. \ndr. \n7 \n28 Sept. Retired pay of Command: Rumsey while at Harb: Master \n\n## Dec.\nCost of Colonial Observatory.\n\n## \nbown agents.\n11 Feb. Control & Consulting Engineer Over Tytam Water Works.\n3 Mar. Public Works Loan of £200,000.\n17 June. Manufacture of coins called \"Cash\" \n19 Sept. Colonial Defences.\ndo. \ndo. \nDo \nAcquisition of land for Military purposes \n\n## Eastern Extension Tel.\n27 Mar. Telegraphic communication between Singapore & Hong Kong \ndo \ndo. \n130 \n} \nDo Do \nLand: Chamber of 11 Apr. Defences of Hong Kong & Singapore.\n\n## \nfoumera Central Tel. Off.\n13 \n\"Times.\" \n27 Aug. Tytam Water Works- Obans of Consulting Engineer G.P.O.\nProgress & cost of Tytam Water Works.\n7 Sept Estimate for Tytam Water Works.\n\n## \ndo. \ndo. \n24 Apr. Vouchers respecting their accounts.\ndo. \ndo. \nds. \n29 \ndo. \nds. \n& \nBd. & Trade.\ndo. \n123 \ndo. \n12 Nov. Cost of Boring tunnel for Tytam Water Works.\n\n## \n15 Jan. Suspension of Masters' Certificates.\nExplosion of boiler of the \"Yat Sai.\"\n15 Sept. Quarantine Regulations.\n\n## Treasury\n5 Feb. Value of the Dollar & Rupee, 1885-6.\ndo. \ndo. \ndo \ndo. \n11 Mar. Ordinance to facilitate business of Savings Bank \n25 Apr. Direct cable, Singapore to Hongkong.\n22 Aug. Appeal of Major Gordon to draw retired pay.\n3 Sept. \n\n## War Office\n21 Feb. Proposed alteration of the Kowloon Frontier.\n13 Mar. Defence Works.\ndo. \n6 Apr. \ndo. \ndo. \n15 \ndo. \n27 \n# \nDo \nDirect Cable between Hongkong & Singapore.\nIncrease of the Garrison.\nSingapore. Saijon table.\n26 May. Defences of Hongkong.\n7 Early Ordinances 12 of 1884 & 11 of 1885.\n\n## Eastern Ext: Tel:\n9 \nG.R.O. \nL.G.B. \n# \nHongkong - Singapore Cable.\nContribution \n\n## \n15 Sept. Surcharge against H.M. P.O. for arrears of Mail Service \n11 Nov. Sanitary Measures in case of Cholera epidemic.\n\n## Coats, J.F.P.\n21 Apr. Their Trade Marks.\n\n## Gordon G.C.M.G.\n19 Feb. Appt as Supt. of Victoria Gaol.\n\n## Hennessy, Sir J.P.\n23 June Proceedings of Russian Corvette \"Ryabnik\" ... Medal but Clay Awards two or personal ...\n\n## Morrison, J \n30 Oct. Passages for his step-sons",
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        "title": "CO129-226 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "166\n\n19. The names of the principal contributors to the Gardens are as follow:\n\nAnderson, Lieut.-Colonel D. G.; seeds.\n\nArmstrong, J. M.; plants.\n\nBlackhead Smith, Mrs.; seeds.\n\nBoehmer, Louis, Yokohama; plants.\n\nBotanic Gardens, Brisbane, J. Pink, Director; plants.\n\nJamaica, D. Morris, M.A., Director; seeds.\n\nCalcutta, Dr. G. King, LL.D., Director; plants.\n\nDurban Natal, J. M. Wood, Curator; seeds, plants, &c.\n\nTownsville, A. M. Anderson, Superintendent; plants.\n\nRoyal Kew, Sir J. D. Hooker, K.C.S.I., &c., Director; plants and seeds.\n\nBunting, Isaac, Yokohama; plants.\n\nCooper, W. M. Ningpo; seeds and plants.\n\nCoxon, Mrs. A.; plants and seeds.\n\nCurtis, C. Penang, Forest Department; plants and seeds.\n\n20. The following are the chief recipients:\n\nAcclimatization Society Queensland; seeds.\n\nAdams & Son, Messrs. New Zealand; seeds.\n\nBell Irving, Mrs.; plants.\n\nBlackhead Smith, Mrs.; plants.\n\nBotanic Gardens, Adelaide; seeds.\n\nBrisbane; seeds and plants.\n\nCalcutta; seeds and plants.\n\nCeylon; seeds.\n\nJamaica; seeds.\n\nMelbourne; seeds.\n\nNatal; seeds and plants.\n\nSingapore; seeds and plants.\n\nTownsville; seeds.\n\nSydney; seeds.\n\nTrinidad; seeds.\n\nRoyal Kew; seeds, plants and herbarium specimens.\n\nCameron, Mrs.; plants.\n\nCrawford, Mrs.; plants.\n\nCrow, W. E.; plants.\n\nCundall, C. H. Manila; plants.\n\nCurtis, C.; plants and seeds.\n\n21. During the year we received:--\n\n789 Plants.\n\n291 Packets of seeds.\n\n1 Wardian Cases.\n\n4 Animals.\n\n60 Herbarium specimens.\n\nCundall, C. H., Manila; plants and seeds.\n\nDehra Dun, Forest School, India; seeds.\n\nFranco, P. M.; seeds.\n\nHance, Dr. H. F., Canton; seeds.\n\nHughes, J. I.; one deer.\n\nIndian Forest Department; seeds.\n\nMacgowan, Dr. F. Wenchow; plants.\n\nNicholl, Mrs. Amoy; seeds.\n\nPickford, C. R. B., Cebu; plants.\n\nPiercy, Mrs.; plants.\n\nPolice Department; one Pheasant.\n\nQueensland Acclimatization Society; seeds.\n\nRomano, A. G.; plants.\n\nSwalemen, Van Der, Ghent Belgium; seeds.\n\nWhitehead, F. H.; one Deer.\n\nWing Kee; one Owl and two Storks.\n\nWoodin, E. L.; plants and seeds.\n\nFaber, Rev. E.; plants.\n\nFranco, P. M.; plants.\n\nGordon, Major-General, A.H.A.; plants.\n\nGrossman, C. F.; plants.\n\nHance, Dr. H. F. Canton; plants and herb. specimens.\n\nHargreaves, Rev. G. Canton; plants.\n\nLadies Recreation Club, plants.\n\nMaries, C. C. India; seeds.\n\nMoin, E. M. A. India; seeds.\n\nPiercy, Mrs.; plants.\n\nPolice Department; plants.\n\nRomano, A. G.; plants.\n\nSilva, J. M. A.; plants.\n\nThe Governor of Macao, seeds.\n\nThe Maharaja of Durbungah; seeds.\n\nThe Spanish Consul; seeds.\n\nThomson, Dr. J. C. Canton, plants.\n\nTripp, H. J. H.; plants.\n\nVyvyan, C. B.; seeds.\n\nWing Kee; plants.\n\nWoodin, E. L.; seeds and plants.\n\n22. Irrespective of the plants that were sold during the year we sent out:-\n\n2,202 Plants.\n\n221 Packets of seeds.\n\n14 Wardian Cases.\n\n22 Herbarium specimens.\n\n23. The Library has been increased by the following additions:--\n\nA journey of Exploration through Western Ssu Ch'u.\n\nBotanical Magazine for part of 1885.\n\nDecandolle's Monographiae Phanerogamarum, 4 vols.\n\nFranchet's Plantae Davidianæ, first part.\n\nGardeners Chronicle for 1885.\n\nJournal of Botany for part of 1885.\n\nLoureiro's Flora Cochinchinensis.\n\nNew Commercial Plants and Drugs by Thomas Christy, F.L.S., F.S.C.L. presented by the Author.\n\nReport of the Acclimatization Society Queensland for 1884.\n\nReport on the Arboriculture of the assigned districts, India for 1884.\n\nReport on the Botanic Gardens Adelaide for 1884.\n\nFirst Annual Report on the Forest Department, Straits Settlements, 1885.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in Ajmere-Merwara for 1883-84-85.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in Assam for 1883-84.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in British Burma for 1883-84.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in British India for 1883-84.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in the Central Provinces for 1884-85.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in Coorg for 1883-84.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in Hyderabad Assigned Districts for 1884-85.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in the Punjab for 1884-85.\n\nProgress Report of Forest Administration in the North-Western Provinces and Oudh for 1883-84.\n\nReport on the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew for 1883.\n\nHorticultural Gardens Lucknow for 1884-85.\n\nPublic Gardens and Plantations, Jamaica, for 1884.\n\nEstablishment of a Botanic Garden and Arboretum at Montreal.\n\nby Mr. Hosie on a journey through Central Ssu Ch'uan.\n\nof the Royal Society of Tasmania.\n\non the Experimental Garden, Milam, North Borneo for 1884.\n\nAnnual Administration Reports of the Forest Department, Madras Presidency for 1883-84.\n\nProgress Report of the Forest Survey Branch for 1883-84.\n\nSiebold's Flora Japonica, 2 vols.\n\nSuccinct Notes on some plants from New Guinea and a description of hitherto unrecorded Papuan Orchids, by Baron von Muller, K.C.M.G. &c.\n\n24. The Garden staff has worked fairly well throughout the year, but a high standard of efficiency is not to be expected. The ordinary Chinese Gardener has no knowledge of the physical laws that govern vegetable life, although they cultivate many of the plants of their native country with wonderful success; but in dealing with foreign plants that require to be carefully studied till the conditions necessary for their acclimatization are understood, they show little interest. They in fact frequently neglect such plants, unless a rule of thumb practice can be laid down for their guidance. It is a hard matter to interest a Chinese Gardener in an experimental attempt to propagate or cultivate a plant which must be subjected to a process different to that which he has been accustomed to practise. This class of men could hardly be expected to understand an explanation of the physical laws that bear upon horticulture as a science; but Mr. Ford has endeavoured for some years back to procure a better class of workmen by training up boys as apprentices, and educating them upon a broader principle than that usually followed in China; but although this system has been fairly satisfactory in one or two cases, it has not been wholly successful. The training which the boys receive sharpens their intelligence and gives them educational advantages that make them aspire to a position more lucrative and, from their point of view, more dignified than that of a \"fa-wong.\" Several promising lads have left in this way just as they were beginning to be useful. This of course is very disappointing, and I am afraid that no other result can be anticipated in future, unless the intelligence of the trained apprentices is remunerated at its market value.\n\n25. Government House.-A number of plants, chiefly Palms and Arvids, were planted out on the bank below the northern side of Government House. The fence which supports the creepers on the top of the bank has been extended for seventy yards farther on the walk, and the plants on the older portion have all been cut back and replaced with a view to more uniformity.\n\nWere the necessary funds available, great improvements could be effected on the ground just within the wall at the eastern bend of Upper Albert Road. The appearance of this part is a constant eye-sore, owing to the rough nature of the ground and the constant litter of bamboo leaves. The bamboo is very effective in isolated clumps, but its predominance in a garden or pleasure-ground is objectionable from an artistic point of view and injurious to the development of the other trees and shrubs that were planted with the intention of contributing to and improving the general effect.\n\nAFFORESTATION\n\n26. The planting of China Pines was commenced on December 3rd, 1884, and completed on the 16th of May, 1885. They were planted in the following localities:-Kowloon, North of Butts; Observatory; Black Mountain; Aberdeen Hills; Mount Kellet; and below Mount Gough Road. The total number planted is 342,302.\n\n27. A number of seedling Pines were raised in sites in the following localities:--Mount Davis, Mount Kellet, the New Military Sanitarium, and Saiwan, 204,837 plants being successfully raised. A large number of sites, probably one fifth of those made on the southern side of Mount Kellet, were unproductive. The soil in this locality is rather variable, and the failures chiefly occur on the steep slopes where the grass is scanty. Where the ground is covered with a fibrous carpet of grass roots, the rain, as it rushes down the slopes, is absorbed in sufficient quantities to saturate the soil and render it suitable for the reception and subsequent development of the young tree; but where the ground has been denuded of its herbage by the irrepressible grass cutter with his blunt sickle, which does not cut but uproots the grass, the young tree is sorely handicapped in the struggle for existence.\n\n28. 150 Catties of Pine seeds were sown broadcast on the hill south of the Little Hongkong estuary. A large number of seedlings have sprung up, but in rather irregular patches. It would be premature however, to pronounce upon the issue of this experiment at present. The result will be more apparent next year.\n\n29. Some Bischoffias and Camphors were planted on Mount Davis. Camphors and Cork Oaks were also planted on the hills above the Powder Magazine. These have all done well.\n\n30. Fourteen species of Eucalyptus were raised in various quantities and planted out in the following localities:-New Military Sanitarium; above Powder Magazine; and at Sokonpo. The total number planted being 16,398. Each species was planted in a clump, and marked with a ticket to enable us to identify the different kinds, and note their relative adaptability to the soil and climate of Hongkong. This comparison has been very interesting, and will be valuable in enabling us to select the most suitable kinds in future. The three species that are conspicuously superior to the others, and which may be considered an unqualified success, are L. robusta, citriodora, and tereticornus. The next in order are:-marginata, platyphylla, corymbosa, resinifera, and haemastoma. These five kinds have not done so well on the exposed hills near the Military Sanitarium as the three first mentioned kinds, but they have succeeded very well at Sokonpò where the position is more sheltered; and I have no doubt that they will succeed in many of the unexposed parts of the island. Other four species, namely: Stuartiana; siderophloia; Microcorys; and maculata have grown moderately well. The percentage of deaths is small, but the growth is slow and weakly. They evidently required a richer soil than the above mentioned sorts. The two species that have been least successful are pilularis, and hemophloia. A large proportion of both kinds have died, and those that have survived have not a promising appearance.\n\n31. The plantations of Cassia Lignen' that were made on the hills north of Aberdeen would probably have been in a thriving condition by this time but for the persistence of the Chinese in breaking...\n\nPage 166 appears three times at top, three times at bottom\n\n \nMay",
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        "document_key": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 231,
        "title": "CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "228 \n\n1 \n\nprevents this line being a very important factor in the mail routine, but it has been possible to establish, by its means, a direct Parcel Post to most countries of the Continent of Europe. There was no parcel post to several important European countries (France for instance) whilst the others were served by a circuitous route via Gibraltar and London. Only six parcels were despatched by the German Packet which left on December 27th. It might be well for German residents in China, who are desirous of getting out any small articles from Germany, to let their friends in that country know that they can now forward parcels not exceeding three kilogrammes in weight to Hongkong or Chinese ports at a fixed postage of Fr. 4.25 per parcel.\n\n7. The following figures as to the arrivals of the first two German mails in London may be of interest.\n\nFrench Mail\nGerman Mail\n\nLeft Hongkong\nSeptember 2\nSeptember 3\n\nSeptember 30\nOctober 1\n\nArrived in London\nOctober 4\nOctober 4\n\nDays\n32\n31/2\n\nNovember 1\nNovember 4\n\n32\n34\n\n8. A correspondence has taken place between the Imperial Post Office, the Colonial Office, and this Government, as to the renewal of the Contract for transporting the English mails between Brindisi and Shanghai. There were only three offers, those, namely, of the P. & O. Co., of Mr. ALFRED HOLT, and of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. One of the tenders of the first-named Company has been accepted, the mails to be carried for £265,000 a year for ten years. The report of this Department on the subject will be found in the Appendix (B).\n\n9. Although the proposed trans-pacific line of steamers between Hongkong and British Columbia will not do much for this Colony so far as postal matters are concerned, its establishment is to be desired on many other grounds. Since the Pacific mail packets commenced running between this port and San Francisco, correspondence with Canada has increased in the most marked manner, chiefly owing no doubt to the numbers of Chinese who have settled in Victoria (B. C.) and elsewhere.\n\n10. The dispute between the Pacific mail Company and the United States Government, which led to the discontinuance of carrying inward mails from San Francisco by the Company's vessels, has been adjusted, and the mails now arrive by every steamer from San Francisco as before. The inconvenience of having the return mails frequently despatched from here on the day fixed for the leaving of the English or French packet still continues.\n\n11. There has been no extension of Money Order business during the year, which is not a matter of regret, as the Money Order system was really growing too fast for the limited resources of the Department to keep pace with it. It has been found absolutely necessary to have more clerical assistance in the Money Order Office, and this has been provided without very much difficulty. The want of room, however, is increasingly and severely felt, and a simple remedy is not so easy to devise. The business of the Money Order Office, like too much of the work of this Department, is carried on in a dark and crowded corner, where literally there is often not room to turn, and where every square inch is economised as if it were a ship's cabin.\n\n12. This want of room is yearly becoming a more serious question. The Sanitary Board has pointed out that the quarters inhabited by the Chinese staff are overcrowded. They certainly are according to European ideas, even according to Chinese ideas there is not much room to spare. When foreign countries begin to claim their International right to have direct Parcel exchanges with Hongkong, it will be very difficult to see where the necessary room is to come from. A little additional space may be gained by building, and by a re-arrangement of verandahs &c., and then (unless it were possible to put on an additional storey) the limit will have been reached, and at much sacrifice of light and air. The Colony will be face to face with a demand for a new Post Office.\n\nThe present building was finished in 1865, and was evidently intended to be final. When the office is rebuilt it should be constructed, not for existing needs, but for those of twenty years later.\n\n13. The Secretary of State has consented, in view of the representations of this Department, to allow the employment of unsalaried probationers, in the Post Office only. Postal work is distinctly work which has to be learnt, a beginner, however intelligent, is somewhat worse than useless; he gets in the way, has to be shown everything, and he makes mistakes. Hence the desirability of having an extra hand always in training, so that when a vacancy does occur it has not to be filled by a raw recruit.\n\n14. It may perhaps be permissible to point out how, in this Office, unlike most other Post Offices, everything has to be filtered through two languages, one of which at least is but very imperfectly understood by many of the clerks who use it. At home a postman reads the address on a letter and delivers it accordingly. Here he depends on one or two hastily written Chinese characters, and if there happens to be a similarity in sound between the name as dictated, or as written, and some other name (Cooper and ... for instance) the chances of a mistake are very great.*\n\n*A letter was handed to a Chinese postman who was told to take it to Mr. X. one that did not lend itself to Chinese pronunciation, the sobriquet of long-bearded X. had been invented to prevent errors. The same difficulty \"Do you mean long-bearded X?\" he asked. The name being applies to names of streets, &c. Richmond Terrace is called the New six houses, West Terrace the Old six houses, the Albany is Figure 1 Bow Che (because of its shape). Pedder's Hill is the Two Flagstaffs (though there are no flagstaffs there now), the Wellington Barracks are called after a Chinese character (冖) which their ground plan is supposed to resemble.\n\n15. A Committee consisting of the Acting Harbour Master, the Director of the Observatory, and the Postmaster General was appointed to examine into the question of signalling the English mails from Kowloon Point. It was found impossible to devise any efficient and inexpensive signal which would not clash with the weather signals made at that station. It was therefore recommended that the use of the Kowloon Point gun for mail signals should be discontinued. Fortunately no inconvenience has arisen from the arrival of an unsignalled mail, a circumstance which may be due to an unusual freedom from fog during the year. It is to be hoped that some day all difficulties of this kind will be obviated telegraphic communication with the projected Gap Rock lighthouse, which would give the community here four hours notice of the approach of the mail.\n\n16. In the meantime a direct telephone line between this Office and the Peak signal station is much to be desired. What with clouds, night-fall, flags blowing straight on end, and other circumstances, the Post Office too often obtains the minimum rather than the maximum of information from the Peak.\n\n17. There have been two casualties during the year. The steamer Douglas was lost on February 10th with coast mails on board, which were not recovered. Communication between the Coast Ports and Hongkong having been interrupted for several days by the Chinese New Year holidays, the mails were unfortunately exceptionally heavy. The Madras was lost with a mail for this Office from Nagasaki. Most of the correspondence was subsequently recovered by H. M. S. Midge, and forwarded to destination.\n\n18. The service to Japan has gone on fairly well, the mails having been forwarded without many excessive delays. The English mail of January 22nd was sent on to Kobe in the City of Rio (via Yokohama). It would have been better to keep it here a couple of days longer for the Zambesi, but at the time of its despatch it was not known when that vessel would start. The English mail of September 3 was sent to Yokohama in the Claymore, whereas it should have been kept for the Stettin. The German service was a little new at the time, the Stettin was not notified, and it escaped notice that there would be a German Packet leaving within a day or two. As far as is known these were the only occasions on which this Office failed to secure the earliest opportunity for a mail for Japan except one instance (the French mail for Yokohama of October 22nd) in which it was so doubtful which steamer would arrive first that this office would not take the responsibility of diverting the mail from its ordinary route via Kobe. Against these may be set the fact that, on July 13th, the Agent of the Pacific Mail Co. courteously detained the San Pablo for the arrival of the English mail, thus saving the Yokohama community a delay of probably at least two days.\n\n19. The abolition of accounts with the London Office, referred to in the last Annual Report as under consideration, has been carried out, and our relations with the United Kingdom are now simply those of the Postal Union, with a special payment of £6,000 a year in addition. The saving of labour, copying, &c. is very considerable.\n\n20. The state of several of our Postal Agencies, specially those of Amoy and Foochow, was taken into serious consideration by the Government on the earnest representations of this Department. It was felt that the existing condition of affairs could not be allowed to go on, and that, unsatisfactory as it might be for Hongkong to be saddled with the whole expense of improving these Agencies, improved they must be—or abolished.* The Estimates for this year would accordingly have embodied provision for a considerable increase of staff at Amoy, had not a proposal been made which promised an entirely new departure.\n\n21. This was a proposal from Mr. Commissioner KOPSCH, on behalf of the Chinese Government, to take over, as a step towards the establishment of a national Post Office, the Postal work carried on by this Government at eight of the Treaty Ports of China. The report of this Department on that proposal will be found in the Appendix (C).\n\n22. Mr. Kopsch's scheme has of course raised much discussion, especially in Shanghai, where a public meeting was convened to consider the matter. The tone both of this meeting, and of the some articles and correspondence in the newspapers, was most fair, reasonable, and moderate. Some of the objections raised possess much force, though only one has as yet been put forward which can be regarded as a real obstacle to the proposal.\n\n23. How China may elect to develop her Postal system is not in any special way the affair of Hongkong, but a single remark on the subject may perhaps be allowable. To demand that so huge an Empire shall be covered with a network of courier services organised by the Imperial Government before that Government may attempt the much more modest task of carrying on the small coast service at present conducted by this Colony, is, as one of the speakers at Shanghai graphically put it, like insisting that a boy shall not go near the water till he has learned to swim. Any successful postal system in China must begin from the coast, and with steamer communication. It may then possibly be pushed up the rivers as steamers are admitted to them, and extended to a few of the shorter land routes, especially as railways are introduced. To make haste slowly should be the motto, and the avoidance of huge schemes like a pestilence the policy of the Chinese Post Office of the immediate future.\n\nThese remarks must not be taken as implying any reflection on the officers in charge of the Agencies in question, whose only fault was their inability to do impossibilities, or to be in two places at once.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-231 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1887 [1-3].txt",
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    {
        "id": 338417,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-240 - Public Offices & Others - 1888",
        "page_number": 345,
        "title": "CO129-240 - Public Offices & Others - 1888",
        "content_text": "## \nI \n### Page 340 \n### Page 306 \n\nof four years \nappears to me \nand that it \nthat such a \nbreak \nin the observations would \ngreatly \nimpair the value \nof \nthe \nRecords. \nI have lately received \na copy of \nthe Observations made at the Hong Kong \nObservatory \nin the year 1887 \nfrom which it \nappears \nthat \nthe \nmagnetic changes \nin the four years \nfrom 1884 to 1887 \nand \nDip \nare \nby \nno \nmeans \ninsignificant, \nboth \nhaving \napparently diminishing \nafter having \nincreased for a \nnumber of years; \nobservations made in \nthe next \nfew years will be peculiarly \nvaluable in \ndeciding \nthis point. \n\n### Page 1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-240 - Public Offices & Others - 1888.txt",
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    {
        "id": 341563,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-244 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 589,
        "title": "CO129-244 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "TREASURY, HONGKONG, 25TH MARCH, 1890,\n\n586\n\nDESPATCH.\n\n10434 Reck\n\nA\n\n·2 JUN 30\n\nNo.\n\n10434\n\nHernor Chate\n\nNo.\n\nening 128 1890-\n\nprevious Paper.\n\nWhirl 29.\n\n(Subject.)\n\nM. G. 4. Hoodooch Bff Master, Victoria College\n\nRefund of Certain Dorsey\n\nno\n\n911\n\nBatenpsequent Paper\n\nMr Meade\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nA makes it Mis not The amount to be refunded (£96) exceeded one third of the first year's salary, & so has been spread over nearly 2 years.\n\nan excessive reduction of available salary for a married man.\n\nBut the Crown Agents might usefully see the papers, so as to bear in mind the Governor's point.\n\nSw 1316 821100\n\n(Idaindre how in avoidable \"Rue Bla 2.7.0.\n\nCOMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF THE COLONY OF HONGKONG IN 1888 & 1889.\n\nREVENUE.\n\n1888.\n\n1889.\n\nINCREASE, DECREASE\n\nEXPENDITURE.\n\n1888.\n\n1889.\n\nINCREASE.\n\nDECREASE.\n\nLAND REVENUE:-\n$ C.\n$ C.\n$ C.\n\nLeased Lands,\n156,625.78\n167,208.63\n10,582.83\n\nLands not leased, including Stone Quarries,...\n29,568.60\n29,776.00\n217.13\n\nFees on Grant of Leased,\n805.00\n705.00\n\nESTABLISHMENTS Governor,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n33,854.58\n34,528.67\n100.00\n\nColonial Secretary,\n22,099.73\n25,269.63\n3,024.04 8,109.94\n\nAuditor,\n6,235.00\n6,484.64\n229.04\n\nTreasurer,\n10,938.72\n11,071.81\n138.0\n\nClerk of Councils.\n1,280.32\n1,281.25\n00.00\n\nSurveyor General,\n47,621.30\n64,556.97\n16,915.67\n\nPostmaster General,\n30,408.14\n43,164.88\n6,750.72\n\nRegistrar General,\n17,442.06\n19,179.05\n1,736.99\n\nHarbour Master...\n42,942.24\n\n+8,225.36\n\nRENTS, EXCLUSIVE OF LANDS-\n\n$\n$\n$\n\nMarkets, including Slaughter House and Cattle Shed,\n71,934.54\n69,724.19\n\nBuildings,...\n\n41.00\n1,697,50\n\nPiers,\n1,585.00\n1,801.82\n\nVerandahs,..\n213.45\n\nLICENCES\n\n$\n$\n$\n\nSpirit...\n12,000.00\n48,794.00\n\nPawnbrokers,\n18,630.00\n14,350.00\n\nLighthouses,\n4,585.82\n4,821.69\n\nAuctioneers .......\n20160.00\n1,800.00\n300,00\n\nObservatory,\n6,571.48\n7,784.88\n225.87 1,213.49\n\nTenernauts for Emigrants,\n\nCollecter of Stamp Revenue.\n4,836,40\n4,781.77\n54.63\n\nEmigration Brokers,......\n1,400.00\n\nBlind Tables and Bowling Alleys,\n1,050,000\n\nOpdom Monopoly,\n\n1,400.00\n1,100.00\n\n182,074.18\n428,500.00\n\nBotanice and Afforestation.\n7,907.06\n8,207,19\n300.12\n\n...\n\n$\n$\n$\n\nJudicial,\n62,390,58\n64,633.70\n2,255.12\n\nBeclesiastical,\n4,993.00\n4,909.00\n\nBoarding House..\n150.00\n130,00\n\nEducational\n26,950.37\n34,487.94\n7,488.47\n\nMarriage,\n+22.00\n194.00\n\nMedic\n26,070.37\n33,400.20\n7,320.83\n\nChines Unviertaker,\n110,00\n110.00\n\nPolice Magistrates,\n19,322.51\n19,542,78\n221.22\n\n...\n\n$\n$\n$\n\nMoney Changer!..........\n\nMure Store Deniers,..\n\nShooting Licences,\n425,00\n540.00\n\nPolioc,\n85.00\n\n106,492,83\n162,431,02\n6,941.69\n\nGnel,\n105.00\n\n27,388.17\n21,688,82\n4,250.6%\n\n15.00\n35.00\n20.0\n\nFire Brigio,.\n3,921.58\n12,282.76\n2,365.21\n\nArros Ordinauce, 1887,.\n185.00\n195.00\n9.00\n\nSanitary,\n24,098.40;\n45,874.10\n24,775.70\n\nTAXES-\n\nSERVICES EXCLUSIVE OF ESTABLISHMENT:-\n\n$\n$\n$\n\nStamps.\n187,150.20\n213,470.51\n\nAssessed Taxes,\n360,241.91\n\n344,233.85\n874,857.75\n142,309.11\n\nPOSTAYS,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\nTreasurer, .....................\n4,196.96\n3,707.\n423.81\n\nfostmester General......\n12,014.50\n\n1,909.78\n\nBotanical and Afforestation,.....................\n12,599.43\n\n129,962.40\n12,493.05\n\nFISES, FORTITURES AND WEES OF COURTS:--\n\n$\n$\n$\n\nJudicial,.....\n80,104\n762.00\n\n8,082.16\n106.39\n42.04\n\nPines,...\n\nForfeitures,\n27,582,70\n3,229.71\n10,426,74\n\nFees,...\n0-4,990.70\n\n12,586,00\n\nHcclesiastical,\n\nEducational,\n3,241.73\n34,078.26\n\n19.02\n4,252.32\n\nMedient,\n\nFEES OF OFFICE ---\n\n$\n$\n$\n\nBurials,.................................\n1,226.60\n\nLicnuces for Jinks, &c.,.\n25,010.79\n24,410,96\n520.50\n\nRegistry of Road,......\n\n7,230.00\n\nPolice Magistrates,\n\n19,487.92\n80,344.47\n\n2,342.87\n\n6,935.72\n\n393.00\n)27.50\n\nPolice\n\nLio. of Cargo Poais,\n1:05.25\n19,761.25\n5,795,10\n\n3,826.77\n\n$19.75\n19,402.00\n8,910,00\n\n7,087.75\n\n255.50\n\n48,267.51\n\nfinal,\n\n359.26\n36071.00\n\n51,040.38\n22,212.87\n\n2,772.87\n\n3,838.1#\n\nTire Brigade,\n\nDo.\n\nof Hawkers,******\n1,885.10\n1,799.02\n\n19,674.82\n\n887.32\n\n4,975.50\n\nCargo Boat Certificates..........................\n6,031.\n\n1,559.00\n\nPensions, Retired Allowances and Gratuities,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n48,412.66\n\n6,022.68\n\n900,00\n55,013,75\n\n7,071.04\n\n12.68\n\n...\n1,131,00\n\nRegistration of Householders and Servants,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n2,279.75\n1,211.00\n2,256.00\n\n89.00\n\nChariwabic Allowancez,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n3,544.93\n13,766.25\n\nOfficial Signatures,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n23.95\n\nTransport.............\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n5,019.16\n4,93,46\n\n.......................\n\n123.00\n63.00\n\nWorks ad Buildings,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n110.00\n\n6),492.65\n\n57,180.66\n\nRegistration of Deeds,......\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n1,445.00\n4,378,09\n05.09\n\nRoads, Streets and Bridges,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n75,176,69\n50,871.72\n\nShipping Scemen...\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n10.061.00\n0.622.00\n289.00\n\nMiscellaneous Services,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n150,481,58\n79,279.99\n\nExamination of Masters, &c..\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n1,455,00\n1,487.50\n52.50\n\nMilitary Expenditure,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n134,591.58\n134,261.12\n\n7,031.09\n10,220.35\n\n1.312.30\n\n4,071.99\n\n16.10.17\n71,202.59\n\nX8.56\n\n::\n\nSavoy of Steamships, &c.,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n9.991.81\n9.244.0!\n\nRegistry Fers, &c., (Merchant Shipping Act),\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n191.00\n717.30\n\n279.00\n\n212.00\n\nExtraordinary Public Works,....................\n\n$\n$\n$\n\nFulcrest on Loan and Sinking Fund,\n96,448,98\n95.297.36\n\n500,870.03\n374,551.\n151.50\n\n150,338,10\n\nRegistry of Carriages, Chairs, &c.,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n20.025.70\n\nRegistration of Companies,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n..... \n2,385.0\n\nMedical Foes on Examiusion of Emigrante,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n29,172.00\n20,318.25\n6.370.62\n\n14.405.25\n\n287.55\n\nRegistration of Birtha, &c. -\n\nLight Pas,........\n\nLicences for Steam-launches,..\n\nSurreyor's Certificate for Sleum-launches,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n84.10\n\n34.056.28\n31,858.10\n\n487.50\n397.50\n\n1,145.00\n\n95.00\n\n157.32\n\n70.60\n\nOfficial Administrator, Assignee, &c.,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n160,00\n\n3,326,31\n\n5,684,17\n\nRegistration of Trade Marks.\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n2,437.80\n\n90.81\n\n554.30\n\nLicences for Chinese Passenger Ships,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n352,51\n500,00\n\n300.00\n\nMerical Registration Fees,......\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n230.00\n\n...\n\n10.00\n\nBills of Health,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n10,00\n\n1,947.00\n\nSale of Gerement Property,\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n1.23.02\n1.746,00\n1,603.89\n\n201.00\n\nReimbursements, ....\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n30.392.01\n34,019,55\n\nInterest,...\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n3.626.64\n8.084.)2\n\nMiscellaneous Beceipts...\n\n$\n$\n$\n\n8,084.12\n\n107,341.28\n105,786,84\n1,304.41\n\n31,557,300.09 1,823,549.17 23,813.42\n\n57,564.32\n\nDeduct Decrease, .....\n\n57.561.32\n\nNett increase,\n\n266,249.10\n\n$7.999,329.671,883,718.20 114,472.53 278,083.41\n\nDeduct Increase,\n\nNett Decrease,\n\n114,472,53 158,610.88\n\nA. F. ALVES,\n\nAccountant.\n\nExamined,\n\nW. M. DEANE,\n\nActing Auditor General.\n\nA. LISTER,\n\nTreasurer.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-244 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [1-4].txt",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-245 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 241,
        "title": "CO129-245 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "238\n\nD. Doberek be kind enough to point out what part of work he lives.\n\nAs to charge B. I admit the book been given to me and I have read it, but when Dr. Doberek asked for it back, I missed it and believing a friend of mine who lives in the same house had taken it to read, I told S. Soberch that perhaps my friend took it and I would write to him at Macao asking for it as he was over there on that date, but afterwards as I found the book, I gave it back to Dr. Doberck.\n\nCharge C is as well inaccurate. I took nearly two days to book, of I believe about 150 sheets and written up by myself I admit having once made a mistake and that was in March and not in February, the mistake was simply writing March instead of May, which could easily be altered without spoiling the book.\n\nCharge D I admit that from the 10th to the 6th of March last I have done nothing, but because Dr. Doberck stopped all my work as I have stated in my previous letter, and further I absented myself on plea of sickness as stated by S. Soberch, but with the Colonial Surgeon's certificate which was sent to him.\n\nI was walking in the streets and not lying in bed for twenty minutes as stated by Dr. Doberek. The Observatory book for the Peak which has been both ruled and used. I was purposely to see Mr. Ho To Shang, the 1st clerk about my salary on my way to the Wanchai.\n\n-2-20\n\nAnswer was then received to my salary.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-245 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [5-7].txt",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-245 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 630,
        "title": "CO129-245 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "# 627\n\nIn addition to such questions as have actually been submitted to you, many matters have occupied my attention.\n\nI am very desirous that the many Chinese who must necessarily die during the course of the year in this Colony should be buried elsewhere than in the limited area we possess. I feel confident that if burials continue to take place as they do now, the time will come when we shall have cause to regret it. I have been in communication with Her Majesty's Consul at Canton on the subject, and although the Chinese authorities are not prepared to meet the suggestions I made, I have not abandoned hopes of being able to carry out in some way what I venture to think would tend towards the sanitary condition of this Island, while, I believe it would be more in harmony with the feelings and wishes of the Chinese themselves.\n\nAnother matter of almost equal importance which has attracted my notice is the system of squatting which has long existed here, and in regard to which several recommendations were made in the report of the Land Commission which was appointed to enquire into this and other kindred questions in the year 1886. I am about to appoint a Commission to deal with this particular subject, and although there are no doubt many difficult and complicated points involved in it, I trust that those who have expressed their readiness to serve on the Commission will be able to surmount them.\n\nI am desirous, Gentlemen, of seeing the profession of Brokers in this Colony placed on a better footing than it stands to-day, but I would much prefer that any steps in this direction should come from the Members of that body themselves rather than be taken by the Government. I may state that on one or two occasions I have received deputations with whom I have discussed the question, and who have mentioned to me proposals worthy of careful consideration. I trust that at the end of this year, if not before, circumstances will allow of those, who I believe are anxious to move in the matter, to follow up these proposals. If, however, such is not the case, it will become necessary for the Government to seriously consider whether it should not take the initiative.\n\nThe Secretary of State, Gentlemen, has drawn my attention to the absence of any vote in the Estimates for this year for the erection of a New Gaol, and it cannot be doubted that the present prison accommodation is insufficient for the numbers confined. The question of constructing a New Gaol is one that has been mooted for some years past, and a site has been selected and reserved for such a building. But, bearing in mind the many important works now on hand and the considerable expenditure that will be incurred thereon, I am not disposed to commence a new prison, the estimated cost of which is between $400,000 and $500,000, if such can be avoided. But recognizing, as I do, the strong necessity of further prison accommodation, I have lately been considering a scheme by which I trust this may be obtained without having recourse to a new and costly construction.\n\nSome time since, we were called upon by the Imperial Government to increase our Military Contribution from £20,000 to £40,000 a year on the understanding that our garrison would be increased. This Council, on the ground that it begrudged not the expenditure of money for an efficient defence of the Colony, voted, without opposition, the amount asked for, while stating what it expected as a return for the additional cost involved. I forwarded the conclusions at which the Council arrived, together with a copy of the Resolutions it passed, to the Secretary of State. I have not yet received a reply from him, but when I do so, I trust there will be no objection to my laying on this table a copy of the despatch I wrote, so that Honourable Members may see the views I expressed.\n\nI may add, concerning certain rumours that have been lately afloat, that no intimation has been made to me in regard to the organization of any Chinese troops in this Colony, nor have I any reason to believe that there is any foundation for the reports to which I have alluded.\n\nThere is no Department, Gentlemen, which the people in this Colony naturally take a deeper interest in, nor which is of greater importance than that of the Public Works.\n\nI consequently requested the Surveyor General to prepare, so that I might lay the same before you, a Memorandum of such public works as had been proceeded with this year, or were in course of construction. This he has done, and the report has been submitted to you. It is gratifying to find that the work connected with the Gap Rock Lighthouse is proceeding so satisfactorily, also that a real commencement has been made in the work of the long-talked-of Central Market and in that of the Lunatic Asylum for Chinese. A new Pier has been opened at Kowloon Point, and orders have been given that the District School, for which provision was made in the Estimates for this year, should be proceeded with as soon as possible. A site at Kennedytown has been selected for a new Slaughter-House and Depôt for pigs and sheep. It has been decided to commence, without further delay, the erection of new Police Stations at Aberdeen and Quarry Bay. The additions to Government House are being rapidly gone on with, while plans are nearly completed for a new house, offices, &c. for the Superintendent of the Botanical and Afforestation Department. The Council is aware that during the course of last year, an agreement was entered into for lighting the City of Victoria with electric light, and I trust that in a short time hence, we shall see this work completed. It may hereafter be found possible to extend this system of lighting to another and more lofty part of this Island, which is daily becoming more popular and more populated.\n\nInstructions have lately been given to carry out some of the recommendations made by those Gentlemen who were appointed to enquire into the working of the Observatory, and when the Estimates for next year are submitted to you, proposals will be made for some addition to the staff of that Department. I am far from wishing to suggest increased expenditure, but if such an institution as an Observatory is to be of any real good, it must be efficiently maintained, or it would be sounder economy to do away with it altogether.\n\nMuch good work has of late been done, under the supervision of Mr. CHADWICK, in connection with our drainage and waterworks. It is to be hoped that these important undertakings, on which much money has been, and has still to be, expended, will prove satisfactory to the community.\n\nThere is nothing more necessary than from time to time to ascertain the financial condition of a country, and I will inform you, Gentlemen, in so far as I can, what the financial condition of this Colony was on the 30th of June last.\n\nThe balance of assets in hand on 1st January, 1890, was $505,109, and the Revenue at the end of June was $1,073,079, making a total at the end of June of $1,578,188.\n\nThe expenditure in the Colony up to the end of June was $720,658. The actual expenditure in England up to the end of May, and that estimated for June, amounted to $254,619. To this must be added a sum of $34,127 for premia on Land Sales, making a total (partly estimated) expenditure for the first six months of the year of $1,009,404, and shewing a probable balance of assets on 30th June of $568,784.\n\nWithin the last twelve months, Gentlemen, there have been many changes among the Members of this Council. Most of these have fortunately been caused through the necessity of making temporary arrangements. But there have been a few of a permanent nature.\n\nIn October last, death prematurely and unexpectedly deprived this Colony of the services of the late Colonial Secretary, Mr. STEWART. I had not the advantage of personal acquaintance with this officer, but no one could be long in this Island without hearing how much he was respected and of the great good he rendered to this country, more especially in the all-important cause of Education. Another who was but a short time since among us we shall see no more. I refer to Mr. LISTER, our late Postmaster General and Colonial Treasurer, who during a quarter of a century begrudged neither time nor labour in the performance of his duties, and whose reluctance to take rest when rest was needed may have gone far to hasten his end.\n\nPage 630\nPage 631",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-249 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 591,
        "title": "CO129-249 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "The ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY---Yes, and that is about 10 per cent. The report says (a) That the salaries of officers selected in England or holding offices which are usually filled up by officers so selected, having been originally fixed on a sterling basis when the dollar was worth 4s. 2d., should be raised to the amount in current dollars equivalent to their original sterling value. The privilege enjoyed by a few officers in this class of remitting at the par of exchange should be withdrawn and all such officers put on an equal footing.\" (c) \"That the salaries of other officers who have suffered from the depreciation of the dollar but who as a class may be deemed to be domiciled in the East should be increased by 20 per cent.\" Now, gentlemen, what is the value of the dollar to-day? 3s. 2d. What is the difference in percentage between 3s. 2d. and 4s. 2d.? 24 per cent. There is no doubt about that; it is a mere fact of arithmetic, and hon. members having recommended that these salaries should be increased 24 per cent., I can scarcely believe they were not aware---because in 1889 the exchange was very low---what would be the result of their recommendation.\n\nThen there is another point. Although it is not at present in the knowledge of the Council, but I think it will appear in the Government Gazette to-morrow night, and that is that we have received the reports of the actual expenditure and revenue of last year, and I believe that for the first time for three or four years, notwithstanding that in those three or four years we had the advantage of a loan, owing to the very great care manifested over the expenditure the revenue exceeds the expenditure. That is, I think, a very satisfactory state of affairs indeed.\n\nThen again if hon. members recollect when we considered the estimates last year, the estimated revenue for 1891 was a little over $2,000,000 and the estimated expenditure was $1,700,000 in round numbers. Therefore as far as the ordinary expenditure of the colony is concerned there would be a net balance to the colony of $300,000, the so-called deficit being caused by the immense sums voted for extraordinary public works. But it must be borne in mind that the majority of these extraordinary works are remunerative works, markets and things of that kind, which will, according to estimates that have been made, bring in a satisfactory percentage on the amount expended.\n\nI am therefore unable to take such gloomy view of the resources of the colony as is taken by some of the hon. members. Then again I cannot follow the logic of this motion. First of all the hon. member who proposes the resolution compares actual expenditure with estimates. Surely that is a fallacious test. As a rule the difference between the estimated expenditure and the actual expenditure is something like $20,000 a year.\n\nThen again the hon. member makes no reference whatever to the new offices that appear in these estimates. For instance, nurses at the Civil Hospital $1,600, four more European constables $2,400, turnkeys $2,400, Colonial Treasurer, making allowance for the previous salary, $2,800, two or three clerks $5,000 owing to the transfer of the Audit Office, and increase to the Observatory $2,000. Now, all these amounts should be brought into account, and surely when the hon. member brought forward all those reasons why there should be no increase of salaries he ought to have shown the other side of the balance sheet, the gain of $16,000 from the abolition of family remittances.\n\nComparing the salaries for 1890 with the estimated salaries for 1891 there is only a difference of $76,000 and from that $76,000 you have to deduct $32,000, $16,000 that are saved by these family remittances and as much that must be placed to the credit of new offices. Therefore the absolute difference is $44,000. That is the net increase to salaries for this year, and hon. members may remember that when we considered this question in Finance Committee, I said the probable increase would be about $50,000.\n\nNow, gentlemen, taking that as a fact, that the real increase in salaries is only $44,000 and that we are called upon to pay this additional sum for military contribution, which is $114,000, I must say I should have expected the hon. member to have brought forward some exhaustive motion which would have asked this Council to find some means of making up the whole. But not a word as to that came in.\n\nThen, again, I must say I should have expected, considering the hon. member voted for the Widows and Orphans' Bill and for the Ordinance for the abolition of the Civil List, that he would at least by the motion have asked that the Government would, in addition to repealing the Appropriation Bill for 1891---for that is practically what this resolution comes to---bring forward a Bill to repeal the Ordinance cancelling the Civil List Ordinance, which was the Magna Charta of the rights of the Civil Servants of the Colony, and also a Bill to repeal the Widows and Orphans' Bill, which compels a great number of those obtaining the increase of salaries to subscribe to the fund.\n\nThen, again, the hon. member who has proposed the resolution says this question was not brought forward as a matter of impulse, and, of course, we accept his statement, but it so happens that we are enabled to fix the fact that this change of view as to salaries must have taken place some time since the 25th February last, in other words that this change of opinion---notice of this motion was given a fortnight ago---must have taken place between the 25th February and 25th March.\n\nNow my reasons for this statement are these: it so happens that the very same day on which this increased military contribution was brought forward for the consideration of Council, on that very same day the salary proposed increase to the present and future Governors of this colony was tabled and hon. members voted for that increase of salary to the present and future Governors without a word of dissent.\n\nTheir objections to the military contribution were overruled. At the subsequent meeting of the Legislative Council what happened? The increase to the Governor was passed without a word and the question of the military contribution was postponed for one week, I think, and at a subsequent meeting the motion of the unofficial members against the contribution was negatived.\n\nThen appears the question as to whether the increased salaries have been paid. Then no sooner are the words out of my mouth that these increased salaries have not been paid, than the hon. member springs up and gives notice of the motion now before the Council.\n\nIt seems to me that although this may not have been the action of impulse, yet seeing the very important interests concerned, affecting three Ordinances of the Colony, and the fact that all members of Council approved the increase of salary to the present and future Governors, amounting to some $3,000, it might have been expected that we should have heard something about the general question at that time and that the vote would have been opposed.\n\nUnder all the circumstances I must say I think the official members are in a sufficiently independent position to justify them in seeing that the interests of the other members of the Service are not passed over on this occasion, and I think considering the hardships several of them, especially the older officers of the service have gone through in the last twenty or thirty years by seeing the purchasing value of their salaries year by year diminish, without any fault on their part or without being able in any way to check it, that every member here is perfectly justified in voting against not only the amendment but the resolution.\n\nHon. P. RYRIE said with reference to the Hon. J. J. Keswick, he had been absent from some meetings of the Committee appointed, but that he was able to vouch for his having held only one opinion on the matter, he having expressed that opinion more than once to him.\n\nThe PRESIDENT said he had only referred to what appeared over the signature of the hon. member.\n\nThe Council then divided on the Hon. J. J. Keswick's amendment.\n\nFOR:\n\nHon. T. H. Whitehead\n\nHon. Ho Kai\n\nHon. J. J. Keswick\n\nHon. P. Ryrie\n\nAGAINST:\n\nThe Surveyor-General\n\nThe Registrar-General\n\nThe Colonial Treasurer\n\nThe Attorney-General\n\nThe President\n\nThe PRESIDENT---The amendment is lost. Hon. P. RYRIE---And the original motion stands.\n\nThe PRESIDENT---Not in this case. The Council will now divide on the original motion. Hon. T. H. WHITEHEAD---I do not quite understand, I have already given my vote.\n\nThe PRESIDENT---A resolution was proposed and then an amendment was proposed. According to the rules of this Council the amendment is put first and the resolution afterwards. The amendment having been lost the original resolution now becomes the question before the Council. I have therefore to ask the Council to vote on the original question.\n\nThe Council then divided on the Hon. T. H. Whitehead's motion:-\n\nFOR:\n\nHon. T. H. Whitehead\n\nHon. Ho Kai\n\nHon. J. J. Keswick\n\nHon. P. Ryrie\n\nAGAINST:\n\nThe Surveyor-General\n\nThe Registrar-General\n\nThe Colonial Treasurer\n\nThe Attorney-General\n\nThe President\n\nThe resolution was therefore lost by a majority of one.",
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        "id": 345490,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-249 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 599,
        "title": "CO129-249 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "ation might not be more fairly distributed to the relief of the rate-payers. Attention was lately drawn by the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce and by a question in Council of the Honourable Mr. WHITEHEAD, to the supposed necessity of a Harbour Board, chiefly on account of the fact that in former years the funds raised for Light Dues had been more than sufficient for the maintenance of the lights, and because on the completion of the Gap Rock Lighthouse this would probably occur again; and it is evident that the President of the Chamber of Commerce (from the point of view of what I may call the non-local shipowners) would like the cost of Lights as well as all Harbour expenses to be paid from the rates. But as regards the alleged surplus revenue from Lights, it seems to be forgotten that besides Lighthouses there are other costly services, such as the Harbour Master's Establishment, Harbour Launches, Harbour Police, and the Observatory, involving an aggregate expenditure of some $80,000 per annum, which are maintained for the benefit of the shipping, and which are principally maintained out of the ordinary taxation of the Colony. If the above view is correct as to the improbability of shipping being driven away by the small tax that would be necessary for the purpose, I think it to be well worth consideration whether it should not be imposed to the relief of other forms of taxation. If, on a principle which I understand is in force at Shanghai, vessels should be exempted from payment more than once in three months, I apprehend that the new tax would fall lightly or not at all on the local vessels which contribute proportionately by far the larger benefit to the Colony, and would be felt as little or nothing by the people of this community. I throw out this as possibly a useful suggestion for the future, and I may add that any advantage which might otherwise accrue from a Harbour Board, would be increased if it were empowered and required to raise from ships all the funds which have to be expended for their benefit.\n\nAnd now having touched on all the points of this question which appear to demand attention, I commend these remarks to the careful consideration of the Council and the Community, with the sincere expression of my pleasure that I am able on the eve of my departure from the Colony to take, as I venture to think on very sufficient grounds, so favourable a view of its condition and prospects.\n\n11988 Enclosure 4\n\n593\n\n(The Daily Press of 29th April, 1891.)\n\nTHE GOVERNOR AND THE\n\nUNOFFICIAL MEMBERS.\n\nThe following is the shorthand writer's report of the interview which took place on Monday between His Excellency the Governor and the unofficial members of the Legislative Council:—\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY--Gentlemen, I have asked you to be good enough to come here this morning with reference to a remarkable letter which I have received from you, a letter which I need scarcely say caused me much surprise. After giving the matter careful consideration I have been forced to the conclusion, which I sincerely trust is correct, that you have signed this in haste, and possibly with reluctance, in the short interval of engrossing private business, and that you have thus given insufficient consideration to this letter and have thus failed to appreciate its taste, its tone, its matter and its effect. I cannot think this can be otherwise than the case with men with whom I have hitherto been on friendly relations, from some of whom I have received kindness, and as to one of whom I shall always gratefully recall the words he used in public when I was leaving the Colony a year ago. It is only because I am of opinion that this letter was signed hastily that I have asked you to come here to-day to give you an opportunity of reconsidering your position after you have heard in detail the view which I take of this letter, a view which after this letter has been read carefully and the whole circumstances have become known, will, I venture to say, be taken by all those outside for whose judgment I have the least value. I have asked His Excellency the General to be present here because he is about to succeed me temporarily in the administration of the Government, and I have also caused a reporter to be present in order that for all parties concerned there may be an accurate report of what occurs. I will now proceed to make such comments as occur to me on this letter. I must rather reverse the order of things by beginning with the last paragraph, which really should have appeared first in the letter you have sent me, because it evidently had some influence on the letter and some effect on its tone. I mean the paragraph in which you say, \"In conclusion the unofficial members submit for your Excellency's consideration if the Acting Colonial Secretary is the proper channel of communication between your Excellency and the unofficial members of your Council.\" I presume you mean that I should have written to you myself and that writing through the Colonial Secretary was derogatory to your dignity. The Colonial Secretary is the highest and the only officer here through whom I could properly address you, and I happen to be able to give you the view the Secretary of State takes in this matter. I know that in more than one instance the right to address the Governor directly has been claimed, and I know that occasionally the practice has grown up in certain Colonies with regard to certain offices, and that for certain reasons it has been allowed to continue; but the rule is that all correspondence with the Governor on official subjects comes through the Colonial Secretary, and when on one occasion a Chief Justice complained to the Secretary of State of his having been addressed through the Colonial Secretary the answer was as follows: \"It is an ordinary rule in Crown Colonies that \"official correspondence should pass through the \"Colonial Secretary's office where the official papers of the Colony are recorded. The convenience of this course is obvious, nor do I \"consider that it implies anything derogatory \"to the dignity of the Chief Justice. If such \"a rule had been observed in the present \"instance, it would doubtless have moderated\n\nto\n\n\"the tone of some of those letters which \"emanated from the Chief Justice, and I \"desire that this rule be followed in future.\" In this matter, then, I followed a principle which I know from long experience to be a good one, that where correspondence which contains matter in the least degree, I will not say impassioned, but which tends to be so, it is far better that it pass through a third person. I need not say that there was not the slightest intention of derogating from your dignity. It indeed never occurred to me that in addressing you through the Colonial Secretary, who is next in precedence to the Governor so far as the people of the Colony are concerned, that there was anything derogatory to your dignity, but since the matter is referred to I may say that I feel that I was right in doing so on the high authority I have just read to you.\n\nI will now proceed to deal with the other portions of the letter. The first paragraph says:--\n\n\"Sir—The unofficial members of Council \"have the honour to acknowledge receipt from \"the 21st instant, in which in reply to theirs of \"the 14th instant they are informed, by direction of your Excellency, that, for the reasons \"there given, you have not seen fit to comply \"with their request to telegraph to the Secretary \"of State to withhold temporarily and until he \"can be memorialized his approval of the proposed increase of official salaries in the Colony.\"\n\nYou then go on to say:\n\n\"The unofficial members regret extremely \"that your Excellency should, apparently with \"out any sufficient reason, have delayed your \"reply to their communication for a week, and \"should have, again without reason assigned, \"refrained from holding any meetings of Council \"for so long an interval. They regret this \"the more as your Excellency's approaching \"departure will evidently prevent the possibility \"of the discussion in Council of any statement \"you may be preparing on the subject now under consideration.\"\n\nLet me ask you to consider the position. At the last meeting of Council Hon. Mr. Whitehead attacked at length on a large number of points the present condition of the Colony. He attacked not only the position of the Colony, but I venture to say that he attacked its credit. Now, I need hardly say that a serious attack of this kind coming from so responsible a quarter requires the most careful consideration, attention, and respect. Most careful enquiries had to be made to discover whether the facts mentioned by the hon. gentleman were correct or not. I had to get returns from a number of quarters, and it has taken time and labour to prepare them. I had to go over these with the most careful attention to see whether the hon. member's statements were true or not, and if they were true to come forward and tell you, however much we might regret it, that such was the condition of the Colony. I need hardly tell you that it required very careful consideration and a very long time to prepare the statement to lay before the public and the Council in a way they have a right to expect.\n\nNow the work of this Colony has of late years enormously increased, and a conscientious Governor has to give many hours a day of close attention to the mere administrative business, and it is only because my failing strength has rendered it impossible to give, besides this necessary time, the additional time required for dispatches and legislative business, as well as for taking a satisfactory part in the social life of the Colony--- it is, I say, only on this very account that I have felt and most reluctantly felt it my duty to give up my position here. Now, considering that most of you knew, for it was commonly known in the Colony, what was my present condition, and considering that I am about to depart from an honourable position two years before the proper time for bringing my administration to a close, and at the same time to end a career which I might reasonably have hoped at",
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        "id": 346072,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 471,
        "title": "CO129-250 - Acting Governor Barker - 1891 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "ation might not be more fairly distributed to the relief of the rate-payers. Attention was lately drawn by the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce and by a question in Council of the Honourable Mr. WHITEHEAD, to the supposed necessity of a Harbour Board, chiefly on account of the fact that in former years the funds raised for Light Dues had been more than sufficient for the maintenance of the lights, and because on the completion of the Gap Rock Lighthouse this would probably occur again; and it is evident that the President of the Chamber of Commerce (from the point of view of what I may call the non-local shipowners) would like the cost of Lights as well as all Harbour expenses to be paid from the rates. But as regards the alleged surplus revenue from Lights, it seems to be forgotten that besides Lighthouses there are other costly services, such as the Harbour Master's Establishment, Harbour Launches, Harbour Police, and the Observatory, involving an aggregate expenditure of some $80,000 per annum, which are maintained for the benefit of the shipping, and which are principally maintained out of the ordinary taxation of the Colony. If the above view is correct as to the improbability of shipping being driven away by the small tax that would be necessary for the purpose, I think it to be well worth consideration whether it should not be imposed to the relief of other forms of taxation. If, on a principle which I understand is in force at Shanghai, vessels should be exempted from payment more than once in three months, I apprehend that the new tax would fall lightly or not at all on the local vessels which contribute proportionately by far the larger benefit to the Colony, and would be felt as little or nothing by the people of this community. I throw out this as possibly a useful suggestion for the future, and I may add that any advantage which might otherwise accrue from a Harbour Board, would be increased if it were empowered and required to raise from ships all the funds which have to be expended for their benefit.\n\nAnd now having touched on all the points of this question which appear to demand attention, I commend these remarks to the careful consideration of the Council and the Community, with the sincere expression of my pleasure that I am able on the eve of my departure from the Colony to take, as I venture to think on very sufficient grounds, so favourable a view of its condition and prospects.\n\nDRAFT.\n\nMINUTE. 25 Aug Mr. Johann  \n26 Aug Mr. Graham W  \nMr. Wingfield.  \nMr. Bramston.  \nMr. Meade.  \n276 Sir R. Herbert.  \nBaron de Worms.  \nLord Knutsford.\n\n29 Aug. 91  \nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch No. 228 of the 14th July, and to inform you that I have received the Haughing Chamber of Commerce's letter of the 30th June relative to the levy of dues and other matters connected with the Shipping Trade of the Colony.",
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    {
        "id": 347148,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]",
        "page_number": 164,
        "title": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]",
        "content_text": "Zec to treat this ff240 pensionable & in future Estimates to insert the amount under \"Other Charges\" (instead of under \"Personal Emoluments\") along with the item which now appears as \"Uniform for these two Inspectors, but leave the point to Governor's discretion.\n\n## Harbor Dept \nApproval of the increase to the Chinese Interpreter has been anticipated (if five agreed) by par. 4 of our despatch 22997/91; only there we sanctioned increase as well as his allowance as his main salary, making $96 instead of $84. However, par. 5 of despatch 22993/91 left the treatment of such allowances (whether to increase them or not) to discretion. So this increase as voted in the Estimates will be passed without remark.\n\nAs to Assistant Meteorologist, a separate despatch circulation on which the proposed appointment is dealt with.\n\nAs to pay of the Chief Assistant, I think this only fair in their emoluments are exceptionally large. But on the other hand, though not pensionable in the Police, the allowance is allowable in the General summary to which these men have been transferred. I would omit this. See note on face of draft `seef.127`. But in this Department (Observatory) it is printed out that his allowance for Quarters $30 + 360 ought not to have been transferred to Salary without special reason, as it increases his pensionable emoluments. Such allowances are counting to the extent of $300.\n\n## Allow the increase to Shroff for sale of stamps \n(par. 14) the new Cal Dept.\n\n## Clerk in Botanical Dept \nIn my despatch 1123/90-, I said that these officers seemed to be on the proper salary for `172916` (with retention then personal allowance `17600`). \n\nSuggested in Colony-sea/.41. But I overlooked the fact that the Deputy Registrar in 1875 had considerable fees beyond his salary of $2160, amounting on an average for years 1873-7 to $1500 a year. We cannot of course take into account these fees `21144/82`.",
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    {
        "id": 347233,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]",
        "page_number": 249,
        "title": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]",
        "content_text": "## \nof the Inspectors in this Department, but as their salaries will this year become $240 beyond the May respectively of 1st and 2nd class Police Inspectors. Omit \"It is too small a point & I rather think they might have slightly better treatment than ordinary Inspectors by the inclusion of $240 in her quarters and as 2-22 quarters the face of the police do not count for pension, I am disposed to think that, in the case of Messrs Lee and Horton, this $240 should be regarded as non-pensionable. If you concur in this view, the amount should in future returns be inserted under \"Other Charges\" not under Personal Emoluments.\n\nI agree as to this, but the Memorandum at the processing page says \"See remarks in pencil\" and I should omit this. The net $248 (Personal Emoluments), along with the item which now appears \"Uniform to for these 2 Inspectors.\"\n\n## \nThe allowance for quarters made to the Chief Assistant at the Observatory ought not, without special reason, to have been amalgamated with his salary. The pensionable emoluments are thereby unnecessarily increased, as such allowance only counts for pension to the extent of one sixth of salary, whereas the care allowance ($360) worth of the exceeds one...",
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    {
        "id": 347316,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]",
        "page_number": 332,
        "title": "CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12]",
        "content_text": "Enclosures 16th Dec 1891.\n\nYour Lordship's consideration copy of a letter from the Director of the Observatory, recommending his sister, Miss Anna Doberek, for the post of Assistant Meteorologist, should Your Lordship decide to nominate a candidate for that appointment.\n\nI enclose a paper of particulars of the office in question.\n\n23rd Dec 1891.\n\nI have no knowledge of Miss Doberek's qualifications for the post, but should Your Lordship be satisfied on that point I have no objection to raise to her appointment.\n\nI should mention that when Dr Doberek recommended the appointment of an Assistant Meteorologist he named the sum of $1,000 as a sufficient annual salary for the post. The sum for the post was, however, placed on the Estimates at $1,200 per annum.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-252 - Acting Governor Barker & Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1891 [12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 347562,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "page_number": 4,
        "title": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "content_text": "# \nOffice, 40. \n\nDate \nAnbject. \n\n\nOffice, 40 \nDate. \nSubject. \n\n2 \n\nrade \n\n(Foreign Office 19 Oct Communication with San Rock lighthouse \n\n* \nShow: Smuggling of Arms into China \n25. \n+ \n16 \n78 \n$1 \n21 \n4 \nArrest of persons on French Mail Steamers Exportation \narms to China \n5 Dec. Case of French Mail Steamer \"Djemmah\" \n\nHome Office 12 \nWar Office 10 Prison Warders. \nEngagement of 10 \n12 Feb. Military Contribution \n126, \n4 \n真是 \n1 \n#1 \n邦 \n\" \n1 \n11 \nn \nTransfer of certain land at Belcher's Point \n24. Military Contribution gapt Defence Works \n21 \nhand for \n13 \n24. \na \nbarrack near Belcher's Point \nCorrection of map of Hong Kong of 1845 \n6 May Military Contribution. \n20 \n4 \n10 \nBr \n16 July 120 \n(Prisoners \nAppl. of Mark System to Court martial \nDefence Works \nMilitary Contribution \nWar Dept. Lands \n18 Aug Officers and men lent for survey \n131 \nMilitary \nContribution. \n5 Sept. Military hands and Buildings \n5 \n26 \nExpenditure on Defences \n7 Sept. Military Contribution \n26. Soldiers Quarters, Stanley \n\nPost Office 7 Jan. Establishment of Chinese Branch \nGalenarche \nObservatory 23 \nmercantile marine \nService Avedon, \n31 \nCol 96. \nof appt of Chief Assistant at the Observatory Sunday labour. \n\nAudit Office 6 Feb Estimates for 1890 \nPost Office 14. \nAppt of Mr Travers as Postmaster General \nAudit Office 24 Feb Accounts of Supreme Court Registry. \n13 Apr. Regulations under Merchandize marks, \nTymch \nPost Office \nPostal Agencies at Chinese Ports \n\"O \nCustoms \nmembers of leg. let 24 \n4 \nIncrease of salaries \nAudit Office 28 \nGovt House Furniture \nlenofficial \n1 \nIndia \njact \nasury \ny May Supplemental Votes passed in 1890 \nChina Favor? 13 \nAudit Office 28 \nMilitary Contribution \nClerk to Local Auditor \nPost Office 26 June Chinese branch of Athong Post \nand \nH. Kong Shanghai Bank 30 \nSecurity agst note Issue \n\nB. of Agriculture 16 July Trigonometrical Survey \nAudit Office \nOffice \nKew Gardens \nBr. mercantile \n28 \nStore Yes of Water & Drainage Dept. \nMr Westland's Appt. under Govt of India \nby dug appt. of Asst to Supt. of Botanical Gans. \nmercantile marine Officers 19 \nOrdnance Survey 22. \nAudit Office 78 \nB. of Agriculture \n4 \nSunday Cargo Working Hours \nCost of Survey \nEstimates for 1891 \nAuditing of Supreme Court Accounts \n\"Agriculture Sept. Trigonometrical Survey \n10 \n14 Oct. Base \nmet. Police \nInstitution of Civil Engineers 19 \nof Constable Henderson \nThe late Mr Samuel Brown \nTrinity House 28 Nov. Selection of Lighthouse Keepers \nAudit Office 18 Dec. \n\n## Audit Expenditure, 1890. \n| Office          | Date        | Subject                                                  |\n|---------------|-------------|---------------------------------------------------------|\n| Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank | 19  | Security agst note Issue                                |\n| Brown, DC    | Feb.        | Rev. W. Jennings' Health                                |\n| Butter, jm.  | 22 May      | Resignation Brown, orch                                 |\n|              | 19 Oct      | Health of Mr. R. Drury                                  |\n| Cramp, J.    | 25 Mch      | Appl. for home appt.                                    |\n| Campbell     | 11 Dec.     | Appl. for advance                                       |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891.txt",
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    {
        "id": 349436,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-255 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 388,
        "title": "CO129-255 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "## \n| Department | £ | s. | d. | Description |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Post Office | 79 | 10 | 6 | Postage Stamps; Marked Paper, Drabettor |\n| Harbour Master | 106 | § | 6 | Canvas, Paint, Bunking & \" |\n| Lighthouses | 151 | 4 | 7 | Oil, Paraffin |\n| Supreme Court | 40 | 4 | 7 | Law Books & Reports |\n| Gaols | 134 | 8 | 3 | Padlocks |\n| Observatory | 222 | 18 | 7 | Clock, Analysis of Tidal Observations of Hongkong for years 1887 & 1888, Tide Tables re |\n| Botanical Dept. | 63 | 15 | 5 | Seeds, Window Glass, Scythe Blades re |\n| Educational | 198 | 10 | 0 | Books & for Retoria College |\n| Medical | 537 | 0 | 7 | Medicines, Chemicals, Blankets &c |\n| Police | 1594 | 11 | 8 | Cloth, Coats, Serge, Books |\n\n$11725  \n1.953-15-  \n5161-14  \nBlanket &c.  \n\npus. Enclosure. \n15020 \nPo 387",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-255 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [5-7].txt",
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    {
        "id": 349568,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-255 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 520,
        "title": "CO129-255 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "## \n\n519 \n\nRefer 20. \n\nA clear Water Channel Tytam Reservoir, which I forwarded to you a report written by me in conjunction with Mr. Crow, the Government Analyst, on the 22nd of June.\n\n## Additional Offices Kowloon Observatory\n\n21. The staff provided at a cost of $2,000. by the two new Assistants.\n\n22. can be accommodated by an addition at the west end of the present building at Kowloon. \n\n## The Extension of MacDonnell Road\n\n23. This work is necessary in order to give access by land to Kowloon Marine Lot No. 35, as reported in `C.S.O.21/12`. It will further connect Kowloon Point with Yau Ma Tei by road, making communication between these two places comparatively level and easy by Jinricksha.\n\n24. In connection with this work, it would also be advisable to extend the Austin Road across the low-lying ground to join the Extension of the MacDonnell Road.\n\n## \n\n25. The first two works are comparatively small ones and can be carried out without materially interfering with the other work of the department.\n\n## \n\n26. As regards the other works enumerated in this year's Estimates, I have entered them at the end of the attached list but do not propose that any expenditure should be incurred on them during 1893. Detail plans and Estimates shall be prepared as time permits.\n\n27. The only one that requires special reference is perhaps Additional Private Ward, 3* at \n\n257",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-255 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [5-7].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 351451,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 366,
        "title": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "Appendix B.\n\nLIST OF INDIGENOUS PLANTS INJURED,\n\nChiefly at or over 700 feet above the sea.\n\nKilled.Leaves killed.\nBischoffia javanica, Blume.1\nBlechnum orientale, Linn.1\nEmbelia Ribes, Burm.1\nEvodia triphylla, D.C.1\nFicus hispida, Linn.1\nFicus retusa, Linn.1\nGarcinia oblongifolia, Champ.1\nItea chinensis, Hook. et Arn.+\nMelastoma candidum, Don.1\nMæsa sinensis, A. DC.1\nNephrolepis exaltata, Schott.1\nNephrolepis biserrata, Schott.1\nPsychotria elliptica, Ker.1\nRottlera paniculata, Juss.1\nRhodomyrtus tomentosus, Hassk.1\nSpania velutina, Planch.1\nTetracera sarmentosa, Vahl.1\nXanthoxylon nitidus, A. DC.1\n\nThose which were killed entirely were above 800 feet above sea level.\n\nCHARLES FORD,\n\nSuperintendent,\n\nBotanical and Afforestation Department\n\nEnclosure 3.\n\nREC 407 365\n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.—No. 42.\n\n1 MAR 93\n\nThe following Extract of Meteorological Observations, made at the Hongkong Observatory, during the Month of January, 1893, is published.\n\nBy Command,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 4th February, 1893.\n\nG. T. M. O'BRIEN, Colonial Secretary.\n\nEXTRACT OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, MADE AT THE HONGKONG OBSERVATORY, DURING THE MONTH OF JANUARY, 1893.\n\nDAY OF THE MONTHBAROMETRIC PRESSURETEMPERATUREHUMIDITYRAINFALL\n10 a.m.4 p.m.MeanMax.Min.Mean10 a.m. and 4 p.m.\nJan.\n1.30.3430.3230.25...............\n2.30.80.....................\n...........................\n\nThe coldest day (air 35.2, damp bulb 32.8) was the 16th. The lowest mean temperature of the damp-bulb thermometer occurred on the 17th (air 36.2, damp bulb 30.9).\n\nCircumstances were anti-cyclonic with probably Snow-storms were reported from China to the north and east of the Colony.\n\nFrom Macao snow was reported, but that appears to have really consisted of small-sized hail, which fell for 4 hours.\n\nNeither snow nor hail were seen in Hongkong, but the tops of the hills appeared to be covered by snow or hoar-frost.\n\nWater exposed in buckets or in pools was several mornings found covered with ice about 1/4 inch thick, and a few hundred feet above sea-level both the grass and branches of trees, being cooled below the temperature of the air (which did not fall below freezing point) owing to evaporation and radiation, were encased in unusually clear and transparent ice without any appearance of crystallisation.\n\nAs far south as the Straits Settlements the cold was felt but in a less degree.\n\nThe temperature appears not to have fallen below 70° in Singapore.\n\nAt sea strong N breezes were observed during the greatest cold.\n\nThe Colony was sheltered by the mainland and only light N breezes were registered till the 20th, when the wind backed to W.\n\nIt veered to E on the 21st.\n\nDuring the coldest days the pressure was from one to two tenths of an inch of mercury above the mean.\n\nThe sky was overcast but cleared on the evening of the 17th.\n\nOwing to radiation the extreme temperatures occurred after this epoch: the lowest air-temperature 32.0 about 7 a.m. on the 18th, and the lowest damp-bulb temperature 27.7 about 2.30 a.m. on the same day.\n\nHongkong Observatory, 1st February, 1893.\n\nW. DOBERCK,\n\nDirector.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 352639,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 231,
        "title": "CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "12. It would not be an easy matter to get the glass uninjured, viz., 44 panels in all, out of frames, and being of opinion that the glazing in the lantern cannot be exposed in such a position to steady pressure sufficient to break it, except by artificial means, no useful information bearing on the present accident would apparently be gained by testing the glass under a steady pressure. Also, though the glass could be broken by impact I fail to see the practical application of the results of tests of that nature in this case.\n\n13. As regards the feasibility of permanently maintaining the Lighthouse on the Gap Rock I am of opinion that the exposure of the Tower and buildings has been somewhat under-estimated due more to the contour of the Rock than its geographical position, and before expressing a definite opinion as to the feasibility of permanently maintaining the Lighthouse on the Gap Rock and what measures should be taken to guard against the recurrence of a similar catastrophe, I request that during my approaching visit to England I may be placed in communication with an Engineer of considerable experience in the construction and maintenance of works of this nature.\n\n14. From the information gained during a visit to the Gap Rock on the 20th instant in company with the Harbour Master it appears that the most probable cause of the lantern glazing getting broken was a mass of water being blown against it, which seems to have occurred in this way, viz., a heavy sea rolled into the gulley in the Rock on the north-east side of the Tower and buildings, breaking on the face of the Rock fully 50 feet below the base of the Tower, the broken water towered up into the air and a portion was carried by the force of the wind against the lantern.\n\n15. In conclusion I would point out that, with the heavy sea that was running on the 1st and 2nd instant breaking on the rocks, and the spray carried by the wind all round the buildings, it would be a very difficult, if not impossible, matter for any one on the Rock to see definitely what was going on at the time the accident occurred.\n\nThe Honourable\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour most obedient Servant,\n\nFRANCIS A. COOPER,\n\nDirector of Public Works\n\nK.O.\n\nb. 100.\n\nEnclosure 2\n\n229\n\nC.O. 20253\n\nP125803\n\nHongkong OBSERVATORY, 20th October, 1893.\n\nSIR,-In answer to your letter No. 1,482 of yesterday, I have the honour to inform you that there was no strong gale on the 1st, but that it was blowing with typhoon force at the Gap Rock from the morning of the 2nd till the early morning hours on the 3rd. It was blowing with very strong typhoon force shortly after noon on the 2nd, and that lasted till midnight.\n\n2. The typhoon was one of exceptional severity at the Gap Rock, and the disaster was greatly intensified by the unusually great length of time the blow lasted.\n\n3. The Gap Rock is lying very near the track of the worst typhoons that have been felt in the Colony, in an exposed position, and the conformation of the sea bottom as well as the shape of the Rock cause the sea to be much worse there than in other places.\n\n4. The damage done to the lighthouse was, no doubt, mainly due to the sea. I can hardly think that the wind alone could have much damaged such a substantial structure.\n\n5. The lighthouses erected by the Imperial Customs of China are not placed in such exposed situations as the Gap Rock.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\n...\n\nSir,\n\nYour most obedient Servant,\n\nW. DOBERCK, Director.\n\nThe Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,\n\nColonial Secretary, &c.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 352793,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 385,
        "title": "CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "The Code of Regulations for Educational Grants-in-aid has been revised with the aim of raising the standard of Education.\n\nArrangements have been made by the Government to bring the West Point Reformatory under the provisions of Ordinance No. 19 of 1886 as a Certified Reformatory School for the reception of juvenile offenders. I trust that this will have the effect of reducing the gaol population and of preventing the contamination of the young which is certain to occur when they are brought into contact with the old offenders.\n\nFor the benefit of the Government Central School for Girls, a Member of this Council has erected a handsome three-storied building which will soon be handed over to the Government.\n\nPhysical Drill, which was introduced a short time since in 11 schools, has during this year been carried a step further by the superaddition of a Cadet Corps subject to inspection by the military authorities. This Corps is popular, and in many ways, and especially so far as physique and discipline are concerned, will prove of great benefit to those who belong to it, or who may hereafter join it.\n\nThe need of a fixed standard of Chinese orthography in connection with local examinations has long been recognized. At the suggestion of the Government, it has at last been supplied by the Rev. Dr. CHALMERS, whose work in this, as in other cases, is admitted, by those who are capable of judging, to be a monument of learning and industry.\n\nExaminations have been held for the Diploma of the College of Preceptors, and for London matriculation purposes. In addition to the Oxford Local Examinations, provision has been made for the re-introduction into Hongkong of Cambridge Local Examinations.\n\nThese facts indicate not only progressive movement but prove that, as far as circumstances will admit, local Education is being assimilated to the system in force in the Educational Institutions of the Mother Country.\n\nI referred just now to the Cadet Corps, and some mention of the Volunteer Force should not be omitted. It numbers about 90, and every effort has been made to increase its numbers but without much result. It can therefore only be said that whilst it forms a most valuable nucleus, its practical utility depends upon its further expansion.\n\nThe Officers, and especially the Commandant, have done all in their power to ensure its being a success, and active preparations are being made for its taking part in the mobilization of the Garrison in January. The new headquarters are nearing completion and will be a great convenience to members of the Force. I much wish that the Volunteer movement was looked on with greater favour and received greater support from the Community generally than it appears to do at present.\n\nThere is every probability of Hongkong being shortly put into telegraphic communication with the outer world, independently of connection with any Foreign territory. This is a subject of congratulation.\n\nSo far as I am aware, it will not be necessary to trouble you with legislation of any importance in the near future, so that we may anticipate an unusually short session.\n\nI am in communication with the Viceroy of Canton and Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary in Peking in reference to the opening up of the West River to Foreign trade, and also in regard to the question of preferential duties granted on junk-carried tea to the detriment of Foreign shipping. These are two weighty matters affecting existing trade and its possible extension. A favourable solution of them would be hailed with great satisfaction by me in consequence of the undoubted benefits which would accrue therefrom to the Mercantile Community of Hongkong.\n\nAnd here, Gentlemen, it is not inappropriate for me to refer to the happy relations which for the last two years have existed between the Government and the Chamber of Commerce, and which it will always be my endeavour to maintain unimpaired.\n\nWe have to be thankful for exemption from serious epidemic or destructive storms in 1898. In the late typhoon, it is true that Gap Rock Light was considerably injured, and that costly repairs will have to be effected; but otherwise, thanks to the timely warnings issued from the Observatory, the damage done to property was infinitesimal, and little or no loss of life occurred.\n\nThe general behaviour of the Chinese during the past year has been most exemplary, and the criminal class has largely decreased.\n\nIn conclusion, Gentlemen, I shall not lay myself open to the charge of being over-sanguine when I assert that there is distinct evidence that the condition of the Chinese Community is improving, that business is more settled, and that the prospects are better than they have been at any time during the past three years. It is my earnest desire, in which you will cordially join, that still brighter and happier times may be at no distant date in store for all classes of Residents in this important and progressive Colony.\n\nWILLIAM ROBINSON,\n\nGovernor.\n\nCouncil Chamber, 4th December, 1893.\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nWB & L(121)-22916—6000-2-92\n\nGov. No.\n\nDispatch 234.\n\nDate: 1893\n\n6 Dec\n\nLast previous Paper: Gov 93-4 \"Z 22 Jan\n\nNext subsequent Paper: 561 HongKong No. 485\n\n(Subject.) DESPATCH. C.O. 382 485 94 Govt Balances in local banks. Steps being taken to reduce them to the prescribed limit. Copy letter to Cagts.\n\n(Minutes.) M. Fanfield See also 564 480 2561\n\nThe instructions to the C. Agents to keep the investments of Fund may not be (or to the latter) separate Praza Fund is contrary to the intention. parr. 4t's of an desp\n\nThe moment it is known that separate rested in this Praza Fund is in England, the Lotholders will have opening hereafter any profit that may to claim arise the transaction, wither by rise in Exchange or rise in value of this securities. On the other hand should there",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-260 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1893 [9-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 363023,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-275 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1897 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 539,
        "title": "CO129-275 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1897 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "in 1895\n\nthe Gov's called attributed the increase entirely to exceptional circumstances.\n\nCall attention to the\n\nAs to s I see\n\nto the further increase\n\nI see nothing to note.\n\nA\n\n?\n\nAs regards 7 it is disappointing to see that\n\nthere were\n\nand\n\nno less than eight murders compared to three the year before; but otherwise\n\ncrime aves not appear to be in any way on\n\n?\n\nnotice point mentioned as\n\nthe\n\nincrease but rather the reverse\n\nregards 4.\n\nwithout\n\n7.C.M. 16/6/97.\n\nBascopy sähty, to the Financial & Public\n\nI shall refer\n\nEven in letter (ins fo) on another lap (1145)\n\nes\n\nIt is not necessary\n\nto send no. 1 to\n\nthe Meteorological office\n\nas they\n\nSociety\n\nare now sent direct from Colony recording to Circular of 27 July 1895.\n\nI think it is also sent direct to Greenwich, but we had better find out.\n\nLend I to Greenwich Observatory in short Traf asking whether they do not receive these Reports direct from Colony, will not in future\n\na\n\nif to we Lend copy from\n\nthis Office\n\n& not write as proposed in regard to 4\n\nat once\n\n8u917/6\n\nI have added a para, as to the Water Account, for explanation of this, the 10476/95 srt pulis\n\nsome\n\n1 100.\n\nSir,\n\n531\n\nRev 14 JUN 17,\n\nGovernment House, Hong Kong, 7th May, 1897.\n\nI have the honour to\n\ntransmit to\n\nyou\n\nthe following Sess:\n\nional Papers;\n\nhereinures\n\n1 to 11.\n\nith & share\n\ncopies beach.\n\n111 Report of the Director of the\n\nObservatory for 1896,\n\nThe Right Honourable,\n\nJoseph Chamberlain, M.P.\n\nye\n\nye\n\n(2)",
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    {
        "id": 364263,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-278 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1897 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 41,
        "title": "CO129-278 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1897 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "39\n\nexcellent astronomical observer, but no more; that he was unfit to be acting Director and that his regime was not a success, that he has not looked after the instruments nor continued observations as he ought to have done, and that he has not behaved well to Dr. Doberek himself, to Mr. Figg, or to Miss Doberok, but, he adds that he has no desire to bring forward charges against Mr. Plummer, and that he sees no reason why there should be friction in future so long as Mr. Plummer confines himself to his own special work. He maintains that, whether at work or on leave, he (Dr. Doberck) must be regarded as the actual head of the Observatory, and his instructions must be carried out. On this latter point, we agree with him.\n\n8.\n\nIt appears to us almost hopeless to expect satisfactory results from a highly scientific institution such as the Observatory if the Director's instructions, methods, and general policy in regard to scientific work are to be set aside by his assistants whenever he absents himself from his post.\n\nWe are of opinion that the principal cause of the friction which has led to the enquiry which we have just made was the discontinuance of the astronomical observations which Dr. Doberck considers so important and of such value to the shipping.\n\n9.",
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    {
        "id": 366008,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 343,
        "title": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# § 2.-HOW TO MANAGE YOUR SHIP IN A TYPHOON.\n\nLong before the nature of hurricanes was understood it had been remarked by mariners that it was safer to heave to in a storm than to run, but the reason for that was not apparent. When the law of storms was first discovered it did not all at once mend matters, for, according to the old eight-point rule, all you had to do when a typhoon approached was to run with the wind on the starboard beam under as much canvas as your ship could carry, except when on the path right in front and the centre moved quicker than the vessel. That should have taken you out of the neighbourhood of bad weather, but it did not always do so, and since typhoons have been investigated, we know that the wind never blows round the centre in a circle, and that the eight-point rule, laid down by Redfield, Reid, Thom, and Piddington, is very far from the truth. It is just as much out as Espy's rule, according to which the wind blows always straight towards the centre. According to the twelve-point rule, which I have proved to obtain in typhoons (see \"Observations and Researches made at the Hongkong Observatory in 1883\") you must still run on the starboard tack, but you must keep the wind only four points from the stem. It is possible to keep a vessel going ahead under square sails nearer than about six points to the wind. A steamer can do so easily enough, but a sailing vessel cannot within two points run straight away from the centre and her risk is much greater than it would be if the old rule had proved true. The twelve-point rule may be stated as follows:- Stand with your back to the wind and you will have the centre on your left and about four points in front of your left-hand. It appears that a ten-point rule obtains in about 30 degrees latitude and a sailing vessel can then just manage to steer, fall and by, a course that will take her straight away from the centre; but in a tropical hurricane we see that the danger is much greater even if the force of the wind were not stronger.\n\nThe force of the wind and the appearance of the weather do not furnish a trustworthy guide to determine the distance of the centre of a typhoon. The dimensions are different in almost all typhoons and near land the strong winds are often so irregularly distributed that in a place near the centre less wind may actually be experienced than at some distance farther away from it. In such cases the approach of the centre is judged of by the fall of the mercury in the barometer. But on the high sea the increase or decrease in the strength of the squalls, and the state of the weather and sea, enable the approach of the centre to be known, and this, together with its direction which is known from the direction of the wind and perhaps also from the clouds, enables the master of a vessel at sea to lay down the path of the typhoon, with reference to his vessel, with more or less accuracy.\n\nThe average rate of progress of the centre of a typhoon in 11 deg. latitude is 5 miles an hour. In 13 deg. it is 6½. In 15 deg. it is 8. In 20 deg. it is 9. In 25 it is 11. In 30 deg. it is 14. In 32¼ it is 17 miles an hour. South of 13 deg. the speed does not vary perceptibly, so it is likely to be increasing or decreasing in violence and the barometric depression getting steeper or filling up. To the eastward of the Philippines and near their western shores the former is likely to take place, while the latter would probably happen near the western shores of the China Sea. The great difficulty is, that the typhoon may be increasing or decreasing in violence and the barometric depression getting steeper or filling up. In 32¼ deg. N latitude the rate of progress varies from 6 to 36 miles an hour, so that you cannot be sure that a typhoon encountered there will move at anything like the average rate of speed. We have not traced the centre of a typhoon nearer the Equator than about 9 deg. N. But a very slightly falling barometer, a squally SW wind, a less sea, and some swell, may at times be traced nearly all the way down to the Equator.\n\nOnce the bearing of the centre has been ascertained from the direction of the wind, you require to know in which semi-circle your vessel is situated if in the right-hand semi-circle the wind will veer, i.e., shift with the sun, and in the left-hand semi-circle it will back, i.e., shift in the opposite direction. But this rule fails if your vessel is moving with the typhoon and quicker than the centre moving. Then the rule may be reversed. Masters of vessels are therefore advised to heave to early and observe how the barometer behaves and how the wind changes; but it is so dangerous to lose time in a storm that carries you into the centre, that this should not be done except when absolutely necessary. It also causes the wind to blow more level with the path in front of the centre and to blow more across the path in the rear. It also makes the weather heavier after the centre is past than before. You may happen to be right in front of the centre and lose your chance of getting out of its track.\n\nHere it is that a knowledge of the paths of past typhoons such as have been usually published from this Observatory during the past fourteen years, becomes so useful. That will enable you to know at once in which semi-circle your vessel is situated, e.g., with NE wind in the Sea you are pretty certain to be in the right-hand semi-circle. The wind shifts faster the nearer the centre you are, but the direction of the sea does not change so fast as the wind. If the typhoon overtakes your vessel, the wind bursts again from the opposite quarter, and with perhaps greater violence than before, that is, when the centre is past. Very deceitful lulls occur during the raging of a typhoon and last sometimes long enough to be mistaken for the central calm, but in such a case the wind bursts again from about the same direction as before.\n\nAt a still higher level the air, which has been carried in towards the centre and raised every area where it is raining, blows away from the centre, and as the friction of air against air under pressure is insignificant, it sometimes rushes away with such speed as to cause the upper current to act upon the rate at which the latter is travelling. You cannot therefore safely draw conclusions concerning the amount of wind to be expected from the rate at which the barometer is falling, but to some extent that may be done. Remember that at sea when the barometer has fallen to the lowest and is beginning to rise again, you may expect as much, if not more, bad weather than you have already gone through although it will be, on the whole, improving.\n\nTyphoons originating in the Pacific in a low latitude (say 13 deg. N) are very small and the isobars are nearly circular, as the centre moves very slowly, and the incurvature is 45° in all directions; but there is this important difference between a typhoon and a tornado - that the latter is taller than it is broad, whereas the former forms a flat disc. As typhoons reach a higher latitude their dimensions become greater, the violence of the wind increases and then nothing distinguishes them from storms originating in northern latitudes. This makes it unlikely that the latter originate from causes at all different from those which give rise to a typhoon.\n\nThe right-hand semi-circle is called the dangerous semi-circle; there you are carried not only towards the centre, but also towards the path in front of the centre; besides, the force of the wind is greatest in the same direction as it veers with the progress of the typhoon. Here you must make up your mind at...",
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        "id": 366010,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 345,
        "title": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "## WEATHER-FORECASTS AND STORM-WARNINGS ISSUED FROM THE HONGKONG OBSERVATORY.\n\nA knowledge of typhoons and their paths is often required when you have to decide whether to remain at your moorings or to slip your cable and run; for instance, a vessel between Hongkong and Swatow in an anchorage sheltered against N and E winds will be safe while a typhoon is moving from E to W across the China Sea, but should the centre move northwards, the vessel might be thrown on a lee shore when the wind backs through W to S.\n\nA steamer at anchor, when a typhoon is approaching, should get up steam, and a sailer should, if possible, take down the top masts as soon as it blows a fresh breeze in the squalls. With reference to a sailing vessel, the time when to begin striking the top masts must, of course, depend upon the extent to which she is undermanned. Striking the masts increases the rolling. A sheltered anchorage must be selected, and when the centre passes very near, the berth may have to be changed to avoid being thrown on a lee shore.\n\n### METEOROLOGICAL SIGNALS.\n\nMeteorological Signals are hoisted on the Mast beside the Time-Ball at Kowloon Point for the information of Masters of Vessels leaving the Port. They do not imply that bad weather is expected in the Colony itself.\n\n| Signal | Meaning |\n| --- | --- |\n| **A DRUM** | Indicates a Typhoon to the East of the Colony. |\n| **A BALL** | Indicates a Typhoon to the West of the Colony. |\n| **A CONE, Point Upwards** | Indicates a Typhoon to the North of the Colony. |\n| **A CONE, Point Downwards** | Indicates a Typhoon to the South of the Colony. |\n\nRED SIGNALS indicate that the Centre is believed to be more than 300 miles away from the Colony. BLACK SIGNALS indicate that the Centre is believed to be less than 300 miles away from the Colony.\n\n### NIGHT SIGNALS.\n\n* **TWO LANTERNS Hoisted Vertically** indicate bad weather in the Colony and that the wind is expected to veer.\n* **TWO LANTERNS Hoisted Horizontally** indicate bad weather in the Colony and that the wind is expected to back.\n\nThe Signals are repeated on the Flagstaff of the Godown Company at Kowloon, and also, by day only, at the Harbour Office and on H. M.'s Receiving Ship.\n\n## LOCAL STORM-WARNINGS.\n\nThe Colony itself is warned of approaching Typhoons by means of the **TYPHOON-GUN** placed at the foot of the Mast, which is fired whenever a strong gale of wind is expected to blow here.\n\n### NOTICE BOARDS.\n\nNotice Boards placed at the Eastern Extension, Australasia and China Telegraph Company's Offices, Observations made at 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. are exhibited shortly after 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. on Peddar's Wharf, at the Harbour Office, and at the Office of the Kowloon Godown Company. Weather-forecasts and Storm-warnings are exhibited daily about 11 a.m., and also at other hours, and at night, whenever necessary while Typhoons are raging in the Far East. The China Coast Meteorological Register is exhibited about Noon (Sundays and Government holidays excepted).\n\n## THE LAW OF STORMS.\n\nFurther information concerning the weather to be expected while signals are hoisted, and sailing directions, are given in \"The Law of Storms in the Eastern Seas.\"\n\nShipmasters may obtain by telegraph the latest information as to weather at any station reporting to the Hongkong Observatory by payment for a reply of at least ten words (2.6, twelve words including the address). Application may also be made for similar information to be telegraphed on some future specified day.\n\nWith reference to typhoon anchorages in China, beginning with Hainan, we have Backli bay (19° 41' N. 108° 39′ E.) with shelter against winds between NNE. and S. only. It is not a very good labour, and the natives are not to be trusted. In southern Hainan, we have Yulinkan bay 18° 12', ... Ga bay (18° 13', 109° 34′) may also be used. Manin harbour (19° 57', 109° 52') can be used when the centre is to the north of Hainan. Hunghom bay (20° 17', 110° 23′) is shallow and is not often used, except when no better place is within reach. Hui-ling-san (21° 34′, 111° 47') and Nan'ao bay (21° 35', 112° 34') are available between Hainan and Hongkong. Near Hongkong is the excellent harbour by Saint John's Island (21° 40', 112° 42'), which is commonly used. Vessels of great draught anchor to the S. of the position given. Tongku harbour (22° 35′, 113° 55') is used in case of typhoons crossing the China Sea. It offers no shelter against W. winds. This is at the mouth of the Canton River. Higher up the river, ships anchor under the Bogue forts, although typhoon centres pass that spot, but then it does not blow so hard as out at sea, when the centre is inland. Capsingmoon pass to the W. of Mahwan is shelter against typhoons, but Chingwan bay (22° 49' 114° 96') is one of the best harbours in China. In consequence, it is too crowded during a typhoon. To the NW. of Stonecutter's Island (22° 20' 114° 8') launches find shelter. Tytam bay to the SE. of Hongkong is an excellent harbour. Deep bay (22° 47', 114° 16') gives better shelter than Kors bay (22° 48', 114° 13'), but some vessels prefer the latter as the storm-signals can be seen from these. A position between Taipintong and the Channel Rocks makes the best anchorage. Mirs bay (22° 38', 114° 27′) under Pengchau offers shelter to vessels bound for Hongkong from a northern direction. Between Mirs bay and Swatow, there are no very good typhoon harbours, but shelter may be found against NE. winds. By Namoa Island (23° 28', 116° 57') is excellent anchorage. Tongsan bay (23° 47', 117° 35′) is much used, and also Amoy harbour. Making harbour (23° 32', 118° ...) by the Pescadores is excellent. In Pilquan harbour (24° 10′, 120° 31') there is good shelter from NE. winds to vessels under 15 feet draught. The Haitan Straits (25° 26', 119° 44′) are very ... There are several anchorages round Chusan. In Luzon, there is an anchorage at the entrance to Manila bay, N. of Corregidor Island (14° 25', 120° 33'). On the S. coast of Mindoro, we have Garza bay (12° 13′, 121° 11′).\n\nWhen the red drum is hoisted, the weather is generally fine in Hongkong, and settled fine if the typhoon moves northward, so that this signal does not by any means imply bad weather here. Steamers bound for northern, western or southern ports should then lose no time in starting, as they may expect more or less fine weather. Those bound for the Philippines should take precautions to avoid cyclones as explained above. Sailing vessels bound for western or southern parts should lose no time in starting, but those that are bound for the north or east ought to remain in the harbour awaiting information, should the wind be westerly here at the time, as they may expect to fall in with calms or contrary breezes after starting, even ...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
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        "title": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "## Instructions for keeping the Meteorological Log\n\nObservations should be made every four hours, and the latitude and longitude of the vessel should be entered at each observation.\n\nMore or less persistent SW winds, at times accompanied by thunderstorms, may be expected when the red cone pointing upwards is hoisted, and ships leaving the port are not likely to run a risk from the typhoon. Sailing vessels bound for the north should start as soon as possible so as to benefit by the southerly breezes to run through the Formosa Channel, and avoid the way round Formosa. By following the latter route a sailer, moreover, runs the risk of falling in with the next typhoon east of Formosa, particularly during the months of August and September.\n\nA cone pointing downwards usually implies fresh E veering to SE winds in Hongkong. As such a typhoon may travel N and NE, the master of a vessel desirous of avoiding bad weather should consult the latest weather-intelligence or remain in port till the barometer rises. Then the danger is past.\n\nIf convenient an observation should be made in or near Hongkong. Observations are required between 10° South and 45° North latitude and between Singapore and E of Greenwich.\n\nWhen a mercurial barometer is read, the thermometer attached to it is also entered. When an aneroid is read, no thermometer reading should be entered. Force of wind is given from 0 to 12, and weather in Beaufort's initials.\n\nWhen a ball is hoisted, ships starting for northern, eastern, or southern ports may expect breezes from E round to S and SW. Those starting for western ports run no risk as long as the glass continues to rise. Should it ever happen to fall, heave to and, if necessary, take refuge in a typhoon anchorage such as Saint John's harbour.\n\nFor further particulars, the “Instructions for making Meteorological Observations prepared for ... in China\" published in 1883 by the writer, may be consulted.\n\n## Forms for Meteorological Observations\n\nThe forms are forwarded free through British Post Offices in China if addressed on service. They should be posted as soon as convenient after the vessel enters Hongkong harbour. Vessels bound for London from ports in the China Sea should post the forms in Singapore.\n\n## Analysis of Weather-Forecasts for 1896\n\nMr. Fico has analysed his weather-forecasts for 1896 with the following results: The results for wind direction, force, and weather are treated separately in the first instance. The forecast wind direction is considered successful if the wind at Gap Rock blows the greater part of the 24 hours from a direction that does not differ more than 45° from the forecast (93% were successful). Forecast wind force: \"light,\" is successful if the mean force registered at Gap Rock is light breeze, or if the wind force does not reach the force of a moderate breeze; \"moderate,\" if the mean is a moderate breeze, or if the wind force exceeds a light breeze and falls short of a strong breeze; \"fresh,\" if the mean is a fresh breeze, or if the wind force exceeds a gentle breeze and falls short of a moderate gale; \"strong\" if the mean is a strong breeze, or if the wind force exceeds a moderate breeze and falls short of a fresh gale; \"gale,\" if it blows more than 10 miles per hour at Gap Rock (93% were successful).\n\nSuccess 67%, partial success 30%, partial failure 2%, total failure 1%. Following the method used in meteorological offices and taking the sum of total and partial success as a measure of success, and the sum of total and partial failure as a measure of failure, we find finally that: 97% of the weather-forecasts were successful.\n\n## Number of Days' Observations\n\nIn 1896, the total number of days' observations made on board 325 ships and forwarded to this Observatory was 18,541 (counting separately those made on board different ships on the same day).\n\n## Use of Barometer and Aneroid\n\nThe surest of all warnings is furnished by the standard barometer on shore and the compensated aneroid on board ship; you are all right if you can put your vessel on the tack that will keep your barometer rising. But in order to understand the indications of the barometer, you will have to keep regular meteorological register. The master of a vessel who does not look at his aneroid till he is in a typhoon, does not derive half the benefits from his observations that he would have enjoyed had he watched it beforehand. He might perhaps have avoided the weather he is now experiencing, or even have benefited by the favourable winds and sailed round the typhoon. No doubt, the time is approaching when underwriters will stipulate that the indications of an aneroid or a marine barometer must be regularly registered on board a vessel insured by them.\n\n## Typhoon Gun\n\nThe amount of success attached to the firing of the typhoon gun to indicate local gales has been determined according to the method adopted at meteorological offices at home. According to this method of counting, the storm-signal is justified if followed by a gale of force 8 and upwards within 48 hours at a place near sea-level within 50 miles of the place where the signal is hoisted. It is a failure because too late if it blows a strong gale (force 9) before the signal is hoisted. According to this way of counting, a failure has to be recorded every time the gun is not fired during the \"Norther,\" although we did not presume to forecast those.\n\n## Weather Forecasting\n\nThe weather is successful when \"fine\" is forecast if the mean amount of clouds is below 7-tenths of the whole sky, if sunshine or starlight prevails, and when it does not rain more than one hour out of twenty-four; when \"fair, cloudy,\" if the amount of clouds exceeds 3-tenths and it does not rain more than one hour; when \"showery,\" if it rains at intervals and is fair at intervals; when \"wet and rainy\" if it rains more than 4 hours (77% were successful). Counting days on which all the elements were correctly forecast as success, those when two elements were justified and one failed as \"partial success,\" those when one element was justified and two failed as \"partial failure,\" and those when all elements failed as \"total failure,\" we have: 97% of the weather-forecasts were successful.\n\n## Marine Barometer and Aneroid\n\nThe tube of the marine barometer has to be so much contracted to stand the incessant pumping and danger of breakage, that the instrument is sluggish and often reads half an inch or more too high near the centre of a typhoon. Some cheap mercurial barometers cannot be registered below a certain height, the cistern being too small to hold the mercury that comes out of the tube, and there is the objection to wooden mercurial barometers that the readings cannot be accurately reduced to freezing point and the temperature correction is larger than in case of instruments made of brass. Of course, some cheap aneroids are no better, and even a first-class compensated instrument requires to be thoroughly verified, as the scale is never quite correct and the readings depend somewhat upon the temperature and in a manner different for each single instrument, so that general tables for correcting freezing point are not available, but they act more quickly than the marine barometer, and for use on board ship, the instrument that is quickest in its indications must be preferred. The objection to the use of the aneroid is founded on the fact that its index-correction changes gradually; but then this can be determined and allowed for by reading it off as often as the vessel enters a port, such as Hongkong, where correct meteorological observations are constantly being made.\n\n## Best Hours for Making Observations\n\nThe best hours for making observations are 4 a.m., 8 a.m., etc., up to midnight inclusive. From 4 a.m. to 10 a.m., the barometer is rising, falling from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., rising from 4 p.m. to 10 p.m., and falling from 10 p.m. to 4 a.m. It reads highest at 10 a.m. and lowest at 4 p.m. The daily variation is twice as great in midwinter as it is in midsummer. During the approach of a typhoon, this regular daily variation may be masked, but it goes on all the same and must be taken into account when the barometer begins to fall before a typhoon. Thus, if it has fallen a certain amount between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., you must subtract the normal descent between these hours in order to know how much of the fall is due to the approach of the typhoon, and if it were between 4 p.m. and 10 p.m. that it fell, you must add the normal rise for the same purpose.\n\n## Success of Typhoon Gun\n\nThere was 75% of success concerning all the gales and all the times the gun was fired, or 83% success if the \"northers\" be left out of account. This compares favourably with the percentage of success in the British Isles, where only 58% of the warnings are justified by subsequent gales of force 8 and upwards (mean of the 10 years 1884-93 inclusive). This leaves out of account the fact that in those isolated instances, where the gun was not fired, warning was given by notices issued and, of late years, lanterns hoisted.\n\n## Average Paths of Typhoons\n\nIn 1886, I expressed the hope that it might be possible to construct average paths of all the different varieties of typhoons, when a couple of hundred tracks were available. This has just been done on the basis of 244 typhoons, registered during the past 13 years, or on an average 19 typhoons per year. They are distributed among the different months of the year as follows: January ..., February 9, March 1, April 4 (2 per cent), May 10 (4 pc), June 24 (10 p.c.), July 45 (19 p.c.), August 43 (18 p.c.), September 57 (23 pc.), October 31 (18 p.c.), November 22 (9 p.c.), December 8 (2 pc.).\n\n## Typhoon Gun Firings\n\nThe typhoon gun has been fired 27 times one round, since the Observatory was started on 1st January, 1884, i.e., during the past 13 years. During the same period, it has 30 times blown a gale of force 8 and upwards: Once in February (norther), once in June (typhoon), 5 times in July (typhoons), 3 times in August (typhoons), 11 times in September (typhoons), 7 times in October (typhoons), and twice in December (northers).\n\n## On the Different Classes of Typhoons and the Seasons of the Year in Which They Appear\n\n... \nPage 340 \nPage 66 \nPage 27 \nPage 26 \nPage 4 \n$4-ON THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF TYPHOONS AND THE SEASONS OF THE YEAR IN WHICH THEY APPEAR.",
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        "title": "CO129-288 - Public Offices & Others - 1898",
        "content_text": "## THE FINAL STRUGGLE.\n\nWay to Knutsford Terrace. Bowcroft place that they anticipated was in Tytam seized the Observatory and Banderson Harbour. The Heungshom, which had re- turned during the night from Mirs Bay, was loaded with men and run right on to the beach in Stanley. The Fatshan and the Honam were also respectively run into Chunghom and Tsimshui Wan bays; at the latter place the landing proved to be difficult, but as it was unopposed delay only ensued.\n\nAll the steamers were accompanied by torpedo boats. The life rafts and pontoons of the captured vessels were of the greatest assistance in rafting guns and ammunition ashore. The Pasig, escorted by six torpedo-boats and followed by the Eclaireur, entered Tytam Bay; the Eclaireur searching the crest of the hill with shell to see if the redoubt had been re-armed.\n\nIn the duel between the forts the Western had all been silenced, and only one 10\" gun in the Eastern could be fought when it was over. The torpedo depot was in ruins, the Admiralty coal depot, the Kowloon Godowns, and Tsim-Tea-Tsui Police Station were all one roaring mass of flames. Gigantic pillars of fire were soaring up from the petroleum tanks at Tai-kok-tsui, canopied by a dense pall of black smoke.\n\nChater's bungalow; there they fought with savage stubbornness from house to house in the Terrace, from room to room in the Bungalow and Observatory, till it seemed that assailants and assailed would be annihilated together. In hand-to-hand fighting the under-sized Crapauds were but a poor match for the long lean Pathans and beef-fed Britishers; moreover, the slight shelter our fellows had prevented the enemy overbearing them with weight of numbers and fire. About 10.30 the enemy drew off, when a few rounds from one of the Hung Hom forts crushed Bungalow, Observatory and Terrace into shapeless ruins as if they had been built of cards.\n\nDirectly the Pasig was round the point she was met by a storm of shell from the Swift; with her bows blown in, she sank within 50 feet of the stem of the Swift.\n\nThe few survivors of the British forces from the ruins attempted to make their way to Kowloon West; before, however, they could reach its shelter, the swarms of the enemy closed round and surged over the little scattered groups as they died fighting desperately, the victorious enemy rushing on to the ruined Western forts to be met by a feeble musketry fire from the remnants of the garrison. Directly, however, that the Jack was down, Rookshank from Stonecutter's East opened on them, literally blowing the enemy out of the fort--then, turning his attention to Hung Hom, soon silenced the sole surviving heavy gun there.\n\nFrom the island about 3 a.m. the enemy were observed to be moving out of S.E. bay. The only resistance at any landing was at Deep Water Bay...\n\nDe Horsey had fully expected that he would be torpedoed and made his preparations accordingly; one of his reasons for hauling his crafts into such shoal water, where they had scarcely a foot of water under their keels, he had further moored his vessels head and stern with anchors laid out broad on each bow and quarter, and hove his chains taut as bars. In addition he had lashed spars at intervals of about 30 feet perpendicularly to the side, through the ports, with their heels resting on the mud, so that the ships were practically on stilts.\n\nThe Swift had a great hole blown in her port quarter, but the blow having been a glancing one, the torpedo had not gone through her, or blown off the poop. The water rushing in the ship settled, tautening the lashings of the shores as she took the ground upright; still as a fighting machine or stationary battery she was uninjured. The Rattler, on the other hand, was cut in two and her after guns disabled.\n\nBy 7 a.m. the allies had 8000 men landed. The Demoures and Triomphante were vigorously engaging the batteries above Deep Water Bay, and searching the crest of the hills with time shell and shrapnel.\n\nTaught by experience the 'Hacienda' gun (only one had been replaced) did not reply and indicate her position till the Tai On entered the Aberdeen Passage, when it opened with such excellent effect that the vessel had to be beached on Aplichau sand, from whence the troops she conveyed had to be ferried across to Hongkong. Landing was also effected from two of the troopers in Telegraph Bay; here, however, the enemy suffered severely from the fire of light guns sent forward by Col. Rordon, who commanded at Pokfolum, Col. Yardhill commanded on the Tytam Road, where the heavy attack was expected. General White was in the centre.\n\nRordon was left severely alone till about 8 a.m., when the men-of-war appeared off Sandy Bay, battered his earthworks and dismounted his 40-pounders without suffering commensurate loss. By 9 the allies had every available man ashore,- 8,000 French regulars, 2,000 Russians, and nearly 1,000 seamen and marines from the ships of war and transports. Far from underrating the resistance, General Morbleu rated it high, and his estimate was amply justified. The main assault was on Yardhill's position, the enemy coming up the Tytam Road and along the crest of the eastern hills bounding the road.\n\nThe first discharge from the Swift had been the signal for the enemy some thousand strong to push along the Shaukiwan Road, when they were met by a fierce fire from the Nordenfelt in the redoubt below the crest of the hill and from the gun in the fore top of the Rattler. The remaining torpedo boats backing and turning, discharged their torpedoes again, struck the remains of the Rattler, bringing down her foremast, blew up the remainder of the wreck, and were themselves sunk by the Swift's fire. The Eclaireur had a number of troop boats in tow, but dared not let them proceed till the Swift's resistance had been overcome.\n\nThe two other boats both struck the Rattler abaft the funnel. One struck the Swift on the port quarter---a slanting blow---and was sunk herself; another also, as she shot past for the Rattler, was cut in two. The Rattler herself sank, and another running over the chain from the Swift's port quarter, lost her port propeller, and swinging round to port broadside on to the stern of the Swift was sunk by her fire.\n\nThe lashings of too many shores had however been cut, and the ship rolled over to port in deep water, swamping one of the cutters of the French as they boarded, killing and drowning both boarders and boarded.\n\nBy ... the allies had 8000 men landed...\n\nThe first discharge from the Swift had been the signal for the enemy...\n\nBy 9 the allies had every available man ashore.\n\nPage 30\nPage 31",
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        "id": 372889,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-293 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 246,
        "title": "CO129-293 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "Enclosure 2\n\nCOPY.\n\n25700\n\nC<\n\nMinute by Dr. Wright.\n\nHue 20 SEP 09\n\n243\n\nHonourable Colonial Secretary.\n\nThe minutes by the Inspector of schools of the meeting held at his office on Wednesday 12th July are forwarded herewith.\n\nMr. Ho Tung agreed to the following conditions:\n\nA. Ordinary Elementary and Secondary English education.\n\nB. Fees same as at Queen's College.\n\nC. Both boys and girls to be admitted but separate classrooms.\n\nD. Infant boys to attend girls' section.\n\nE. Governing body to consist of:\n\n1. Mr Ho Tung.\n\n2. Member elected by Parents.\n\n3. Inspector of schools.\n\nMr. Ho Tung's offer thus modified is gratefully accepted by Kowloon School Committee vide letter from their secretary Mr. T.H. Reid, the only point in which requiring serious attention is that the site originally selected be adhered to, viz:- Observatory",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-293 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [8-9].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 381032,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 560,
        "title": "CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "for \n\nof water \n\nduring \n\nthe \n\n-a \n\n555 \n\nup \n\npurposes from thing and by closing of the entrance to a valley chas forming \n\nthe storage \n\nraining Seasons. The site is a distance of six miles by land from the Observatory at Kowloon this being the centre of the European inhabited district of the Peninsula. The City of Victoria from Causeway Beef to West point is four miles and practically contains the whole of the population of the Colony suct a comparison makes the Rockef \n\nPeak site ahpear. \n\non- \n\nQ \n\nvery distant one, \n\nbut the \n\nrapid growth of population and Commercial Industries. the Kowloon Peninsula would soon make this distance of little importance. The cost of reclamation \n\nthis site \n\nwill be cheap owing to the proximity of the \n\nmatorial required. \n\nconsideration one \n\nShould this site receive favourable \n\nof the conditions of handing it over would be that the quarries situated thereon should be under the control of the Admiralty. \n\n-0.0 \n\nshown \n\nh \n\n-on- \n\nHongham Bay, within \n\nthe chart \n\nan \n\nart a \n\nefficient naval \n\nDockyard could be constructed, including \n\na \n\nTorpedo Boat Depot, the Torpedo Boat Dépôt at Kowloon being converted into a \n\nCoaling Station. \n\nThe Liabilities to be met in the \n\nevent of H. M \n\na \n\nDockyard being transferred to \n\nnew site would be. \n\nCompensation to contractor",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 381865,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 578,
        "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "tailed by the introduction of telephonic communication in a tropical climate where skilled labour is difficult to obtain, your Petitioner submit they should not be called upon to incur this liability when the Tramway Company could at a comparatively small additional cost while laying down their tramways for the first time instal a double trolley system instead of the single trolley system proposed and by so doing not only abstain from interfering with your Petitioners' electric currents but also thereby prevent their return currents from inflicting injury upon the gas, water and other underground pipes now existing or hereafter to be laid in the Colony and upon the Magnetic observations of the Observatory at Kowloon, where the erratic deflections produced by these currents will be of much greater magnitude than those due to terrestrial, solar, and other interesting causes now being observed, making further magnetic observations there entirely out of the question and destroying a chain of observations which cannot be continued elsewhere so as to form a link with the past.\n\n4. Your Petitioners have already in their correspondence with the Colonial Secretary called Your Excellency's attention at some length to the opinions of experts as to the danger to underground metallic structures from the operation of electric currents and they do not wish to trouble Your Excellency on this subject except to point out that the large and fluctuating current necessary for the purpose of working an electric tramway is of a very different character from the almost inappreciably feeble current used by your Petitioner. And your Petitioners submit that on public grounds alone it is desirable...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 389590,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 493,
        "title": "CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "## Sub Enclosure to enclosure 2.489\n\n1\n\nC. O.\n\nSir, C. E. Chater, C.M.G.,\n\nDear Sir,\n\n**38533 RECH**\n\nHongkong, September 20th, 1903\n\nHerewith we beg to forward you small block plans of the proposed site for a Church at Kowloon. The larger scale plan shows the site with the adjoining roads, houses, etc., while the smaller block plan shows its position in relation to Kowloon Peninsula generally.\n\nWe would point out that the hill on which the Observatory stands is the highest point of this portion of the Peninsula, being about 110 feet above the sea and is a fine commanding site which can be seen from the whole harbour and surrounding country. It is also very central, being close to the junction of the Robinson and Austin Roads, which may be said to be the very centre of the Peninsula and equally convenient for the Naval, Military, and Civilian population, and it would also adjoin the new Schools.\n\nThe Church site would be about 40 feet below the Observatory and about 30 feet above the Robinson Road. The ground slopes upwards from the Robinson Road to the Observatory, which is on the summit of the hill. The site is thickly covered with fir trees, which trees would form a fine belt of green round the Church.\n\nThe position of the site as regards the points of the compass is exactly right, being due East and West with the main entrance at the West end.\n\nThe approach would be from the Robinson Road up the circular pathways indicated on the plan.\n\nThe site while being admirably suited for a Church...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-318 - Governor Sir Blake - 1903 [7-10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 390483,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-320 - Governor Sir Blake Acting Governor May - 1903 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 36,
        "title": "CO129-320 - Governor Sir Blake Acting Governor May - 1903 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "## SCALE OF FEES FOR SURVEYS AND CERTIFICATES\n\n(16.) Approving and certifying Position of Load-line. \n$10.00.\n\n(17.)—Overtime Fees for Service of Government Marine Surveyors.\n\nWeek days, from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. to 6 p.m., \n$6 per hour. \nBefore 6 a.m. and after 8 p.m., and on Sundays and Public holidays, \n$10 per hour.\n\nA service occupying less than one hour will be charged as one hour. For service exceeding one hour a quarter of the fee will be charged for each quarter of an hour and any expenses incurred will be charged in addition.\n\nN.B.--When an incomplete declaration is given one half of the Survey Fee in Table C will be charged.\n\n## TABLE A \n### SCALE OF MEASUREMENT FOR PASSENGERS FOR RIVER STEAMERS. SECTION 38 OF ORDINANCE 36 OF 1899.\n\n1. On lower deck, one passenger for each six superficial feet.\n2. On upper deck and in cabins, one passenger for each nine superficial feet.\n3. The above scale to be further regulated by the Surveyor's judgment as to whether or not the vessel possesses sufficient stability for that number of passengers.\n4. A sufficient number of life-boats, rafts and life-buoys, approved by the Government Marine Surveyor, to be supplied.\n5. Passengers are not to be carried on more than two decks.\n6. On the lower deck, one passenger to be deducted for each six square feet occupied by cattle or cargo, and on the upper deck, one passenger to be deducted for each nine feet occupied by cattle or cargo.\n\n## TABLE M \n### FOREIGN MAN-OF-WAR ANCHORAGE\n\n(1.) The Foreign Man-of-war Anchorage is in Kowloon Bay to the Eastward of the Hunghom Peninsula and within the following limits: \n- On the West-The Eastern limit of the Telegraph Cable ground.\n- On the South-A line drawn N 83° E from Blackhead's Hill Signal Mast.\n- On the North and East-The 5-fathom line of soundings.\n\n(2.) There are 14 berths within the above limits, and the following table gives the cross bearings for each. The berth to be taken up will be indicated by number to the arriving vessel. All vessels are to moor.\n\n| No. of Berth | Observatory Building Anemometer | Eastern Light of Telegraph Cable Ground, Hongkong | Lycium Beacon |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| No. 1 | N 85° W | S 3° W | S 78 E |\n| No. 2 | N 87° W | S 16° W | S 76 E |\n| No. 3 | N 87°40' W | S 27°4' W | S 75 E |\n| No. 4 | N 89° W | S 40° W | S 71 E |\n| No. 5 | S 86°4' W | S 7° W | S 73 E |\n| No. 6 | S 87° W | S 20° W | S 72 E |\n| No. 7 | S 88° W | S 30°1' W | S 70 E |\n| No. 8 | S 87° W | S 35° W | S 67 E |\n| No. 9 | S 85° W | S 38° W | S 63 E |\n| No. 10 | S 80° W | S 54° W | S 70 E |\n| No. 11 | S 82° W | S 13° W | S 71 E |\n| No. 12 | N 83° W | S 21°3' W | S 68 E |\n| No. 13 | S 83°3' W | S 28° W | S 66 E |\n| No. 14 | N 82° W | S 32° W | S 62°4' E |\n\n## REGULATIONS AS TO DISCHARGE OF CANNON, FIRE-ARMS, OR FIREWORKS, IN THE WATERS OF THE COLONY. (SUB-SECTION 3 OF SECTION 26)\n\nThe portions of the waters of the Colony within which it is prohibited to discharge cannon, fire-arms, or fireworks, as provided by sub-section (3) of section 26 of this Ordinance, are as follows: \n- (a.) That portion having for its eastern boundary, a line drawn across the centre of the Li-u-mun Pass and for its western boundary, a line drawn from the west end of Hongkong to the west end of Green Island, thence in a straight line to the west end of Stonecutters' Island, continued to the mainland.\n- (b) That portion lying within a line drawn from the west end of Hongkong to Waterfall Bay, thence to south end of Taitam Peninsula, continued to Cape d'Aguilar and Cape Collinson, terminating at south-east corner of the Li-u-mun Pass.\n\nN.B.-Mail Steamers may fire a gun if arriving within the above limits between 9 a.m. and 6 p.m.\n\n## TABLE N\n\n1. The following are specified as \"wharves\" in respect of which the provisions of paragraph C of sub-section (1) (7) of section 26 of The Merchant Shipping Consolidation Ordinance, 1899, shall apply, viz.:\n\nIn Victoria:\n- Whitty Street Steps\n- French Street Wharf\n- Wilmer Street Steps\n- Wing Lok Street Steps\n- Cleverly Street Steps\n- Pottinger Street Wharf\n- Blake Pier\n- Temporary Pier, Telegraph Office Lane\n- Murray Pier\n- Arsenal Street Steps\n- Jardine Steps\n- Ship Street Steps\n\nAt Kowloon:\n- Yaumati Police Station Wharf\n- Tsim Sha Tsui Wharf\n\n2. The following is declared to be a part of the Colony\" in respect of which the provisions of sub-section (2) (b) of section 26 of The Merchant Shipping Consolidation Ordinance, 1899, shall apply, viz.:\n\nThe shore on the north side of the City of Victoria, from opposite the Gas Works at Shek tong-tsui to opposite the canal at Bowrington and the shore at Kowloon from Kowloon Point to Yaumati Police Station.\n\n## TABLE A \n### SCALE OF CHARGES FOR THE STORAGE OF GUNPOWDER AND SAFETY CARTRIDGES IN THE GOVERNMENT DEPÓTS. (Section 36)\n\n| Package Contents | Charge per month or fraction of a month |\n| --- | --- |\n| 25 lbs. and less of loose gunpowder | 7 cents |\n| 25 lbs. and less of gunpowder in tins | 10 cents |\n| More than 25 lbs. and less than 50 lbs. of loose gunpowder | 14 cents |\n| More than 25 lbs. and less than 50 lbs. of gunpowder in tins | 17 cents |\n| 50 lbs. and less than 75 lbs. of loose gunpowder | 20 cents |\n| 50 lbs. and less than 75 lbs. of gunpowder in tins | 22 cents |\n| 75 lbs. and less than 100 lbs. of loose gunpowder | 26 cents |\n| 75 lbs. and less than 100 lbs. of gunpowder in tins | 28 cents |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-320 - Governor Sir Blake Acting Governor May - 1903 [11-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 396552,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-328 - Governor Nathan - 1905 [1-6]",
        "page_number": 632,
        "title": "CO129-328 - Governor Nathan - 1905 [1-6]",
        "content_text": "624 \n\nshows the Civil Government's signalling requirements for the \nPeak Station. In addition, hourly readings between 6 A.M. and 8 \nP.M. from the anemometer at the Station are required to be \ntelephoned to the Harbour Office for communication to the \nObservatory. The Civil requirements as regards Cape D'Aguilar \nare confined to the transmission of messages from and to Waglan.\n\n## The Salaries paid by the Colonial Government\n\n4. \nto the men employed at the Cape D'Aguilar and Peak Signal \nStations are as follows:- \n\n### CAPE D'AGUILAR:-\n| Position | Salary |\n| --- | --- |\n| Signalman | $480 to $800 by $60 biennially |\n| Watchman | $132 |\n\n### PEAK:-\n| Position | Salary |\n| --- | --- |\n| Signalman | $680 to $840 by $60 biennially |\n| Chinese Assistant | $132 |\n| Watchman | $96 |\n\n5. \nI would remind you that at the present \ntime both Cape D'Aguilar and the Peak Stations are connected \nwith the Harbour Office by Telephone through the Office of the \nJoint Telegraph Companies. It is proposed, however, to provide \non next year's Colonial Estimates for bringing the lines from \nthese as well as from other Signal Stations direct to the \nHarbour Office, for substituting telegraph for telephone instrument, \nand for the provision of the European telegraphists \nreferred to in paragraph 2 above. It is unlikely that this \nprovision will be completed before the middle of next year. \n\nThere",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-328 - Governor Nathan - 1905 [1-6].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 405732,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-335 - Governor Nathan - 1906 [8-10]",
        "page_number": 274,
        "title": "CO129-335 - Governor Nathan - 1906 [8-10]",
        "content_text": "J\n\n270\n\nEast and within 300 miles of the Colony, was hoisted. By 8.23 the strength of the wind had increased to 7 and the barometer fallen to 29.61. At 8.40 the typhoon gun, to show that a strong gale was expected to blow, was fired. By 9.23 the wind had increased to force 11 and the barometer fallen to 29.23. At 9.43 the barometer touched its lowest point at 29, the wind backing to West and about 10 a.m. to South-West. In some of the squalls full typhoon force was reached. At 10.23 the wind was still blowing with force 11 but from South-South-West and the barometer had risen to 29.18. An hour later it had reached 29.61 and the wind had moderated to force 8. By 12.23 p.m. the wind force had sunk to 5 and the barometer risen again to 29.70.\n\nThe centre of the storm which at 8 a.m. must have been in 22 degrees 16 minutes North and 115 degrees 28 minutes East passed away across the Shatin Gap, about 6 miles North of the Observatory at Kowloon, and the disturbance appears to have broken up against the Tai Mo Shan block of hills in the New Territories. Neither Canton nor Macao felt its effects, the wind recorded at both places at 10 a.m. being from the North and of force 1. Gap Rock, about 32 miles from the Observatory in a South-Westerly direction reported",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-335 - Governor Nathan - 1906 [8-10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 405765,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-335 - Governor Nathan - 1906 [8-10]",
        "page_number": 307,
        "title": "CO129-335 - Governor Nathan - 1906 [8-10]",
        "content_text": "Complaints against \n\nthe Observatory. \n\n303 \n\nthe way of avoiding Hongkong. \n\n41. \n\nTurning from the question of \n\nrelief to the sufferers of the past calamity to that of \n\nthe prevention, in so far as it lies within human power, \n\nof its recurrence I have to inform Your Lordship that the \n\nfact that practically no warning of the approach of the \n\ntyphoon was given by the Observatory was immediately after \n\nand has ever since been the subject of unfavourable comment \n\nin the local press, and though I have no reason to believe \n\nthat the Observatory Officials Dr. W. Doberck, Director, \n\nand Mr. F. G. Figg, First Assistant, in the absence of \n\nlocal indications or definite information from other \n\nstations could have made an earlier prediction I deemed it \n\nadvisable with a view both to allaying public distrust in \n\nthose officials and to giving them the opportunity of \n\nvindicating themselves to direct an enquiry into this \n\npoint by a small committee consisting of the Attorney-\n\nGeneral as Chairman with a Naval Officer, a Captain of \n\nthe Mercantile Marine and the Superintendent of the \n\nEastern Extension Telegraph Company as Members. As it has \n\nsince been generally and publicly stated that the working \n\nof the Observatory is hampered by the unsatisfactory \n\nrelations",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-335 - Governor Nathan - 1906 [8-10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 408648,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 350,
        "title": "CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "Hongkong, \n\nClosure 3.\n\n(Duplicate.)\n\nPA 17825\n\n97 346\n\nrequisite knowledge of local Meteorology to fit him for the post of Director. In this connection I would refer Your Lordship to Sir William Robinson's Despatch No. 151 of the 13th July, 1897, and subsequent correspondence.\n\n4. Mr. Figg after eleven years' service as Assistant and Magnetic Observer at Kew Observatory was transferred in 1883 to the post which he now holds in Hongkong. He has on three occasions acted as Director, and has on each occasion satisfactorily performed the duties of the post. Dr. Doberck reports that he is a diligent and capable officer and in a minute dated the 30th January last, a copy of which I enclose, emphasises the point that he possesses the local knowledge of phenomena connected with typhoons which is essential in the case of the Director of an Observatory situated on the China Coast.\n\n5. In the event of this appointment being approved I have to request that a suitable person may be selected for the post of First Assistant in accordance with the attached form of particulars.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nMy Lord,\n\nYour Lordship's most obedient,\n\nhumble servant,\n\nW. Robinson\n\nGovernor, &c.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 408650,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 352,
        "title": "CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "CUP Y.\n\nEnclosure 2.\n\nHon. Colonial Secretary,\n\n11801\n\n348\n\n(REGE 4 APR 07)\n\nThe qualifications necessary for the post of Director of this Observatory are the same as those required in case of a Director of an observatory, at home. But in Hongkong a practical acquaintance with typhoons is essential, and the only person having the particular knowledge required for dealing with typhoons is Mr. W. D. Doberck, and on that account alone the question of his appointment to the post should have consideration. As the appointment will eventually be made by the Secretary of State with the assistance of the Astronomer Royal, should Mr. Doberck be recommended for the post his claims on this particular point will need to be strongly insisted upon by His Excellency, the Governor, so that there is a chance that the Scientific Authorities at home will select a candidate who is engaged in a different line of research.\n\n20th January,\n\n1907.\n\n(S1.) W. Doberck,\n\nDirector of Observatory.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 413353,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 300,
        "title": "CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "## Memorandum\n\nWith reference to the question of bringing within certain limits the cost of any works to be undertaken, I have to say that nothing but a complete breakwater would be of any practical use, as the Observatory records of the 1906 typhoon, alone, are sufficient to show.\n\nThe short breakwater suggested on the plan would give a sheltered area equal to Causeway Bay. This would be worth having; but there would seem to be too many expensive difficulties in the way to admit of the suggestion being acted on.\n\nThe area is small, and the width of the entrance would have to be proportionately small; but the north entrance cannot be placed close to the north shore, owing to a rocky shoal which exists at that point. A jetty would therefore be constructed on the shoal, and the entrance would be immediately to the south of it, as shown on the plan.\n\nThe estimated cost of the short breakwater, and the jetty, is as follows:\n| Item | Cost |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1,940 lineal feet of breakwater at $370 | $717,800 |\n| Extra labour and materials at heads | $60,000 |\n| Jetty | $106,000 |\n| **Total** | **$883,600** |\n\nThe area enclosed by the short breakwater would be liable to become so packed with small craft as to cause a serious obstruction to the marine frontages abutting on the area; and seas running off the south-east end of the breakwater would impinge on the marine frontages immediately south of the entrance.\n\nTo avoid complicated claims from the lot-owners affected, it would probably be necessary to resume all the lots between Kowloon Marine Lot 32 and Kowloon Marine Lot 39, and strengthen the sea wall between the south entrance and Kowloon Marine Lot 39.\n\nI am unable to suggest any satisfactory solution of this problem.\n\nPage 300  \nPage 301",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3].txt",
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    {
        "id": 413380,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 327,
        "title": "CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "## PLAN OF PENINSULAR DOCKS KOWLOON SHEWING KOWLOON CANTON RAILWAY AND PROPOSED PASSENGER STATION WORKSHOP SIDINGS AND ROUTE TO DOCKS\n\nRAILWAY PROPERTY COLOURED RED  \nCROWN LAND COLOURED YELLOW\n\n| Location        | Details                          |\n| --------------- | -------------------------------- |\n| NAVA            |                                  |\n| WAR DEPARTMENT  |                                  |\n| OBSERVATORY     | MOUNT ELGIN                      |\n| PUNJAR          | JIKA AN                          |\n| HUNG-HOM        |                                  |\n| KOWLOON         |                                  |\n| BLACKBEANS POINT| Storm was taken ...              |\n| SHA TSUI        | BAY                              |\n| WATER POLICE STATION |                                  |\n\nSCALE 1:2500\n\nThe original text appears to be a mix of unrelated data and a map description. The meaningful parts have been reconstructed into a Markdown format.\n\n## Original Data\n1. IN 46  \nNAVA  \nWAR DEPARTMENT LA D  \n... (various unrelated data points)\n\n## Map Description\nThe map is a **PLAN OF PENINSULAR DOCKS KOWLOON** showing the Kowloon Canton Railway and proposed passenger station, workshop sidings, and route to docks. The scale is `1:2500`. Railway property is colored **red**, and Crown land is colored **yellow**.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-346 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [1-3].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 414482,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-348 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 393,
        "title": "CO129-348 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "# No. 228.\n\nHONGKONG.\n\n37557 \n15:00 08 \n389\n\n## GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 4th September, 1908.\n\nMY LORD,\n\nI have the honour to confirm my telegram of the 30th July which was as follows: \"Disastrous typhoon 27th, 28th July. One river steamer lost, about 250 passengers. Otherwise loss of life as far as known not heavy. Damage on shore very serious. Loss of Government property alone estimated at $100,000. Private losses not yet estimated.\"\n\n2. Your Lordship's reply dated the 3rd August was as follows:- \"Your telegram of 30th July. News of typhoon received with great regret by His Majesty's Government, who desire me to convey to Community at Hongkong sincere sympathy at this second disaster within 2 years.\" I read Your Lordship's telegram to the Legislative Council on the 6th instant, and have to thank Your Lordship on behalf of the Community of this Colony for the expression of sympathy telegraphed by you in the name of His Majesty's Government.\n\n3. I am now in a position to supplement my telegram of the 30th July by forwarding the following documents:-\n\n1. A report by the Director of the Observatory.\n2. A report by the Harbour Master.\n3. A report by the Director of Public Works.\n4. A report by the Captain Superintendent of Police.\n5. A report by the Superintendent, Botanical and Forestry Department.\n6. The finding of the Marine Court appointed to inquire into the circumstances attending the loss of the British steamship Ying King between Castle Peak and Pillar Point at about 2.30 a.m. on the 28th July.\n7. A report by the Chief Resident Engineer, Kowloon-Canton Railway.\n8. Two reports by the District Officer, Tai Po.\n9. A report of the Government Marine Surveyor on damages sustained by Government launches.\n10. A report by the Registrar General on relief of distress caused by the typhoon.\n\nThe Right Honourable \n**THE EARL OF CREWE**, \nHis Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, \n&c., \n&c., \n&c.",
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    {
        "id": 419287,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-356 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 396,
        "title": "CO129-356 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1909 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "385\n\n40\n\n+4209/08\n\nLa pens\n\nGov.\n\n4.\n\nIt has of course been the invariable rule that copies of any despatches of importance addressed by the Governor to His Majesty's Ministers have been at once transmitted by the Governor to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and I presume to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs by the Minister addressed.\n\n5.\n\nYour Lordship refers, re instances in point, to the despatches addressed by me to Sir C. Macdonald on the subject of the Japanese boycott and the question of Sovereignty over the Pratas Isles, and to Sir J. Jordan regarding a contribution by the Chinese Government towards the Hongkong University.\n\n6.\n\nIn the first of these questions - that of the boycott - it was a matter of great urgency to assure the Japanese Government through the Minister regarding the action of this Government and especially that the riots which had broken out on November 2nd were not directed against the Japanese, and that the Government of Hongkong were doing their utmost to protect the rights of Japanese subjects. The principle was, I understood, confirmed shortly after in Your Lordship's telegram of December 9th, 1908, which however showed that in spite of my efforts an erroneous impression had been created in the mind of the Japanese Ambassador. In the second case concerning the Pratas Islands I cannot find that any official Despatch has been sent by me to Tokio, though I telegraphed to Sir C. Macdonald on the subject on March 24th, as it had become identified with the boycott question. I did however write to Sir J. Jordan on April 21st, but this matter cannot be alluded to in your Despatch under reply of May 14th, since it could not have had time to reach England. I enclose copies of this correspondence. I regret that it did not occur to me that the proposal (that Sir J. Jordan might if he thought fit suggest to the Chinese Government to establish a Wireless Station on the Pratas Atoll in return for the assistance of our Observatory) was",
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    },
    {
        "id": 427504,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-370 - Governor Sir Lugard & Public Offices - 1910 [12]",
        "page_number": 53,
        "title": "CO129-370 - Governor Sir Lugard & Public Offices - 1910 [12]",
        "content_text": "of the Royal Observatory at Mauritius \n\nat Mauritius are both \n\ngood men. I think I can safely say that there are the only two whom we could find in the Crown Colonies, for there is \n\nno other observatory in the Crown Colonies. \n\nstaffed by Crown Colony officials, which is worthy of \n\nthe name. \n\nThe small observatory appears to be \n\na very \n\nminor institution \n\nit would be specially desirable from the Mauritius point of view that either Mr Claxton or his Walter should be transferred, as the Recent Royal Commission has reported in regard to the Observatory (appendix A). \n\n\"The First Unit Director on Rs 4,000 can be dispensed with, we recommend that Mr Walter, who holds \n\nthis post should be transferred to another Colony, where his \n\nspecial aptitude for statistics might \n\nbe very useful.\" \n\nI annex the old papers regarding the original appointment of these two officers, also extracts from the \n\nrecent Confidential Reports \n\non both \n\nWalter \n\nof \n\nthem I submit that \n\nthank \n\nthe information, which they give, makes it clear that either Mr Claxton or he is sufficiently meteorological attachments to qualify them fully for the Directorship of the Hongkong Observatory. \n\nMr Claxton, as the senior, ought perhaps to have the \n\noffer of the post, but I doubt if it would pay him to take it at the minimum salary of \n\n£420. \n\nMr Walter is, I understand, at present busy \n\nin Mauritius, & could not be spared for months. \n\nSome \n\nwith these two good candidates available in the Colonial Service \n\nI doubt if there is much advantage in consulting \n\nDr Shaw, as \n\nproposed \n\nespecially \n\nas it is desirable \n\nin the public interest that either Claxton or Walter should be moved from Mauritius. \n\nMessrs Claxton & Walter were \n\nboth obtained through the \n\nrecommendation of \n\nthe Astronomer Royal at Greenwich. \n\nT.CH. 16/1 \n\nI \n\nsincerely hope that this opportunity will be taken \n\nof providing \n\nfor Mr Walter - either by sending him \n\nto Hongkong \n\nor by sending Claxton and \n\nappointing Mr Walter Director in Mauritius. I think Mr Claxton should be given the chance of Hongkong \n\na.1.3479/1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-370 - Governor Sir Lugard & Public Offices - 1910 [12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 432211,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-378 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [6-7]",
        "page_number": 419,
        "title": "CO129-378 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [6-7]",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure 2\n\nThe Honourable Sir,\n\nThe Colonial Secretary.\n\nHongkong Observatory, July 10, 191...\n\nI have the honour to thank His Excellency the Governor for granting me house allowance until the quarters at the Observatory become available, but beg very respectfully to point out that a suitable house cannot be obtained for less than $120 a month. The discrepancy between this figure and the proposed allowance of $75 will amount to $360 in 8 months.\n\n2. In Mauritius, the allowance enabled me to live in an eight-roomed house standing in seven acres of grounds, and though, on account of the price of land, I cannot hope to do the same here, I do expect to be able to live in ordinary comfort.\n\n3. As regards salary, it would appear that the Colonial Treasurer considers that Article 81 of the Colonial Service Regulations applies to transfer of officers from one Colony to another, as did the Officer Administering the Government of Mauritius. It was apparently framed to safeguard Officers from pecuniary loss on promotion either in the same Colony or on transfer. In Article 79-A, which refers to promotion in the Colony in which the Officer is serving, the fact is definitely stated. But even if intended to apply primarily to cases of promotion in the same Colony, the spirit of the Regulation really applies to the present appointment, which is exceptional. It was not solicited by me, and as stated in my previous letter, there was not time to settle these points before accepting or declining it. As, however, the request for house allowance seemed too reasonable to be refused, I accepted. The question of commencing...",
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    },
    {
        "id": 437659,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 315,
        "title": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "323\n\n30874\n\nnecessitating an addition to the engine shops for which $15,000 is included under Head of Charge VIII Stations and Buildings (d) Workshops.\n\n6.\n\nC. and W. Rolling Stock. This includes cost of eight coaches now in course of erection (indent No. 25 of 9th February, 1911,) for which provision was made in Railway Capital Expenditure 1911, which provision however lapsed on 31st December owing to non-delivery of the underframes.\n\n7.\n\nManager's House. In the terms of appointment of the Manager of the Railway set out in paragraph 2 of Sir F. D. Lugard's Despatch No. 218 of 6th June, 1911, it was laid down that he should be granted no house or other allowance. Mr. Winslow subsequently in a letter dated 2nd August, 1911, represented that he found it impossible to obtain any place to live in under $135 a month and that it was quite likely he might find it necessary to pay even as much as $175 for suitable quarters; that when he accepted the appointment he had no idea that he would be called upon to pay such an exorbitant rental and that he feared that unless some allowance was made to him to meet this expense he would find himself financially much worse off than he had been in Shanghai. In forwarding this letter in his Despatch No. 297 of 30th August, 1911, Sir F. D. Lugard therefore recommended an allowance at the rate of $75 a month, payment of which was approved in your Despatch No. 282 of 30th September pending the construction of quarters at Kowloon. In paragraph 8 of his Despatch No. 390 of 16th of last November Sir F. D. Lugard informed you that he had provided $20,000 for the purpose and I may add that this provision was made on the supposition that a suitable site could be found on Crown land. On 1st December Mr. Winslow and Mr. H. P. Tooker, Second Assistant Director of Public Works, were instructed to inspect the sites available and to make a joint recommendation. On 15th December they reported that there were only three worthy of serious consideration namely (1) Observatory Hill, (2) a site immediately north of Kowloon Inland Lot 1132, both on Crown land and (3) a portion of Garden Lot 31 privately",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 437660,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 316,
        "title": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "3:1\n\nprivately owned. They stated however that both Air. F. G. Figb, Director of Observatory and Mr. T. F. Claxton, Director-Designate, had raised strong objections to the erection of any further building in close proximity to the Observatory owing to the adverse effect it would have on the magnetic instruments; and that as regards site (2) it lay inconveniently close to the native district of Yaumati and would be hot in summer. They therefore recommended that if possible site (3) should be acquired. On further investigation it was however found that the acquisition of the site together with the erection thereon of a suitable house would together cost no less than $60,000. These officers were then instructed to go into the question of purchasing outright a suitable house in Kowloon. They reported on 17th January that the only suitable house available for acquisition was one situated on Kowloon Inland Lot 1132 containing on the ground floor 3 rooms and 4 on the first floor with detached kitchen and servants' quarters, the property belonging jointly to Sir P. Chater and to the estate of the late Sir H. Lody.\n\nThe Director of Public Works has since ascertained from Sir Paul that he would be willing to accept $45,000 for the house with 30,000 square feet of land or $60,000 for the whole property the area of which is 50,929 square feet. Deducting $25,000 for the value of the house and servants' quarters upon which a sum of $42,000 was spent in construction in 1902-3 by the then owner, the amount asked for the land works out at $35,000 or about 68.4 cents per square foot. As there is no restriction with regard to the buildings which may be erected on the lot the Director of Public Works considers that it would be unwise to acquire only a portion of it at the present time. On the other hand if the whole lot were purchased, any area not required in connection with the house could subsequently be disposed of on conditions regarding the erection of buildings which would safeguard the Government portion of the property.\n\nThe property is a very valuable one and the price asked by the present joint owner is in the opinion of the Director of Public Works reasonable. I therefore recommend that",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4].txt",
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    {
        "id": 437820,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-390 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 26,
        "title": "CO129-390 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "No 159 of the \n\n6th have I signified \n\nthat She would not \n\nbe \n\nadvised \n\nher case to four of \n\ndisallowance with \n\nI regard to the \n\n...\n\nin 1175 \n\nDate. \n\n1912 \n\n2 May \n\nLast previous Paper. \n\nAusd 170. 12 \n\n14 June \n\nHONG KONG \n\n16257 \n\nObservatory \n\nC. O. \n\n16957 \n\n10 27 MAY 12 \n\n23 \n\nSuggestion's pleasure be taken so to the addition of the prefix \"Royal\", so that It may \n\nbe styled \"the Royal Observatory, Hong Kong\". \n\nMr. Collins \n\nSt. Fidos \n\nThe St. R. observatory \n\nseems home to \n\ncome under the conditions of para 8 & I the \n\narmiger 48/2/99 \n\n8/12/99 1.2. it is an institution long standing devoted to \n\nnational & scientific objects. I think it would be that we may \n\ntake the King's pleasure \n\non the point. \n\nNext subsequent Paper \n\n(49,244). Wt.25,946--17. 40,000. 11/11. A.&E.W.\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\n...\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-390 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [5-6].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 438249,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-391 - Acting Governor Claud Severn Governor Sir May - 1912 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 18,
        "title": "CO129-391 - Acting Governor Claud Severn Governor Sir May - 1912 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "2)---- \n\nThere can be little doubt, moreover, that this influx of refugees have contributed largely to the increase in the number of cases of Plague and to the considerable outbreak of Small-pox, which occurred at the latter end of the year.\n\nThe general death rate for the year was 21.13 per 1,000 among the Chinese Community and 13.38 among the Non-Chinese Community, as compared with 22.50 and 10.04 during 1910.\n\nThe number of deaths from malaria (333) is considerably lower than it had been for the previous five years, and Kowloon still maintains the low average which it assumed on the completion of the railway works. The deaths from this cause in the City of Victoria numbered 176 out of a population of 218,000; but more than 26% of these deaths occurred in Health District No. 9, in close proximity to which extensive building operations have been in progress during the past year.\n\nThe deaths from plague numbered 253, as compared with 23 in 1910, and 108 in 1909. All the cases of plague were Chinese with the exception of one Indian constable who died.\n\nSmall-pox deaths numbered 198 - all Chinese, with the exception of one British missionary lady who succumbed to the hæmorrhagic type of the disease; only ten of these were returned as having been previously vaccinated.\n\nThere were 2,487 deaths from respiratory diseases among the Chinese, as compared with 2,602 in 1910. Phthisis claimed 753 Chinese victims, while other forms of tuberculosis represent an additional 426 deaths, making a total of 1,179 or 15.7% of the total deaths among that community.\n\nBeri-beri was responsible for 320 deaths, as compared with 566 during 1910, and 555 in 1909. During the past year, circulars have been distributed to all large employers of coolie labour calling their attention to the fact that beri-beri is produced by the consumption of white rice as the staple article of diet without a sufficiency of other foods, and advising that beans should be supplied with the rice, when fresh meat or fresh fish cannot be afforded, and it is possible that the dissemination of this information may have had some influence in reducing the mortality from this disease.\n\n(c.) CLIMATE.\n\nThe average monthly temperature throughout the year was 72.1° F, as compared with 72.0° F in 1910 and an average of 72.1° F during the preceding years. The maximum mean monthly temperature was attained in June, when it reached 87.2° F, and the mean minimum monthly temperature was recorded in January, when it was 55.0° F. The highest recorded temperature during the year was 93.1° F on the 25th August, and the lowest 47.1° F on the 24th February.*\n\n*These are the temperatures recorded by the Observatory at sea-level. The temperature in the high levels at the Peak averages some 10° less.\n\nPage 21\n\nThe total rainfall for the year was 90.55 inches, as compared with an average of 80.73 inches during the ten preceding years. The wettest month was August with 30.06 inches, the driest, February, when no rain was recorded. The greatest amount of rain which fell on any one day was 8.61 inches on the 5th August, while no rain fell on 220 days of the year. The mean relative humidity of the atmosphere for the year was 79%, as compared with an average of 77% during the ten preceding years. The average daily amount of sunshine was 5.7 hours, being 50% of the possible duration.\n\nThese figures are those recorded at the Observatory, Kowloon, and there is a very considerable divergence between that place and Hongkong (low levels), the Peak District, or Tai Po (New Territories), both in rainfall, temperature, and humidity.\n\nX-POSTAL SERVICE.\n\nThe total revenue from the postal service in 1911 was $300,217.15 and total expenditure $422,267.97. The result of the year's working shows a deficit of $122,050.82. Direct exchange of money orders with the Philippine Islands commenced on 1st July, and a revised parcel arrangement with Siam came into operation on 26th September.\n\nXI-MILITARY EXPENDITURE.\n\n(a) COLONIAL CONTRIBUTION.\n\nThe Colony contributed $1,342,554 (being the statutory contribution of 20% of the revenue) towards the cost of the maintenance of the Regular Forces in Colony including Barrack Services and Defence Works.\n\n(b) VOLUNTEER CORPS.\n\nThe expenditure on the Volunteers, which is entirely borne by the Colony, was $49,311 compared with $34,770 in 1910.\n\nXII-GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.\n\nDuring the past year, no general assessment was made. The existing valuation for 1910-11 was ordered to be adopted as the valuation for 1911-12, the difference in rateable value being the result of interim assessments. There is an increase in the rateable value of the whole Colony of 0.71%. In the City of Victoria, the Hill District, Shaukiwan, Saiwanto, Quarry Bay, Hongkong Villages, Kowloon Point, Yawmati, Mongkoktsui, and New Kowloon, there is an increase ranging from 10.59% to 0.29%, the largest increase being in New Kowloon. There is no change in Bunghom and Hokun. Kowloon Villages show a decrease of 1.76%.\n\nThe average rate of exchange (demand on London) which had been 1/9.6021 to the dollar for 1910 rose to 1/9.754808 for 1911.\n\nPage 12\n\nPage 16",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-391 - Acting Governor Claud Severn Governor Sir May - 1912 [7-8].txt",
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    {
        "id": 439105,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-393 - Governor Sir May - 1912 [11]",
        "page_number": 22,
        "title": "CO129-393 - Governor Sir May - 1912 [11]",
        "content_text": "20\n\nbeen let for $10,176. The increased estimate for the Observatory Extension provides for some additional accommodation for the Director and his staff which I found on a recent inspection to be necessary. I have included in anticipation of your approval a sum of $32,000 for quarters for Public Works Overseers and Sanitary Inspectors whose work more or less necessitates their residence on the Kowloon side. It is proposed to erect these quarters on Crown Land adjoining Kowloon Inland Lot 1132 on which the house stands which is being purchased out of Construction Funds for the Manager of the Railway. It has been found necessary to add to the accommodation for the Chinese and Indian Police at the Hung Hom Police Station and also to provide quarters for a married Inspector at an estimated cost of $6,500.\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nOwing to favourable weather conditions such good progress has been made with the Typhoon Refuge that it has been found possible, as reported in my Despatch No. 363 of 17th October (Financial Minute No. 45) to expend on the work an additional sum of £130,000 during the current year. I will refer in later paragraph to the further large appropriation which has been made for disbursement during 1913. For an explanation of the provision for purchase of a portion of Kowloon Inland Lot 1132 I would refer you to paragraph 2 of my Confidential Despatch of 2nd August, 1912.\n\nBuildings.\n\nNEW TERRITORIES.\n\nThe recent attack on Cheung Chau Police Station has emphasized the necessity for the erection of a station better suited for Police requirements than the present building, which was formerly a Chinese Customs Station. A convenient site has been found and it is proposed to begin work early in the coming year. $4,500 has been inserted for the construction of a market at Tai O. The present arrangements for the sale of foodstuffs are objectionable from a sanitary point of view and caused an obstruction in the main street. The revenue from stall fees is expected to yield a good return on the money expended.\n\nPage 21",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-393 - Governor Sir May - 1912 [11].txt",
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    {
        "id": 449532,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-414 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [10-11]",
        "page_number": 214,
        "title": "CO129-414 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [10-11]",
        "content_text": "119\n\n# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n## Public Works, Recurrent\n\nThe total increase under this head is $99,300. This large increase is only apparent, as the expenditure for the current year which was estimated at $481,000 will probably be exceeded by a sum of $107,600, so that the estimated expenditure for next year, which has been framed with a view to avoiding the necessity for supplementary votes, is rather lower than the expenditure for the current year.\n\nIn the estimates for next year an important change has been made by including under the heads \"Buildings\" and \"Communications\" special votes for improvements.\n\n## Public Works, Extraordinary\n\nWith regard to Hongkong under the heading \"Buildings\" the sums provided for the first fourteen items are to complete the works mentioned therein.\n\nUnder Item 15 a sum of $60,000 has been provided for commencing the erection of quarters for certain married European Subordinate Officers, for which it is proposed to charge rent.\n\nThis is an entirely new policy on the part of the Government, and has been brought about by the very high rents which have to be paid in Hongkong and which weigh heavily on officers with families.\n\nIt is estimated that the rents which are to be charged will yield a fair return on the capital expended. An excellent site at the back of Leighton Hill has been selected for the quarters, of which there will be twelve, six containing five rooms and six containing four rooms in the form of flats.\n\nItem 16. — Housing of European Subordinate Officers, $50,000. The total estimate of $80,000 includes a sum of $30,000 for an addition to the Harbour Office Buildings, which will contain on the ground floor a new Liquors Office and on the first and second floors quarters for two married or four single Revenue Officers. The quarters now in occupation at Breezy Point have proved entirely satisfactory.\n\nItem 17 refers to much needed extension of the Central Police Station, details of which will be laid before you when you consider the Estimates.\n\nUnder the heading \"Communications\" a further extension of the road from Victoria Gap to High West is provided for at a cost of $10,000. It has been decided to call this road \"Lugard Road\" after the late Governor. A sum of $36,000 is provided for completing the road from Aberdeen to Deep Water Bay. The road will be twenty feet in width with easy gradients.\n\nA sum of $60,000 is provided for paving the main roads in the City of Victoria in accordance with a scheme which you will remember was contained in the Report of the Public Works Committee dated the 2nd March, 1914, and laid before this Council on the 4th June, 1914. The scheme has received the approval of the Secretary of State, and it is proposed to make a beginning next year.\n\nProvision has also been made for a pathway from Kennedy Road to Macdonnell Road, the want of which has been much felt, for an improvement of the sharp corner at the bottom of Garden Road, and for a path from Queen's Road East to Kennedy Road to give access to sites which have been sold recently in that neighbourhood.\n\n## Drainage\n\nYou will observe that under Item 26 a considerable sum is to be devoted to training nullahs and for Miscellaneous Drainage Works.\n\n## Miscellaneous\n\nUnder this head a sum of $8,000 is provided for another telephone cable across the harbour. The capacity of the present cable is already taxed almost to the utmost, and with the continued extension of the telephone system in Kowloon and the New Territories it has become necessary to provide a new eight-core cable.\n\nA sum of $3,000 is required for continuing the survey of the Colony, and $1,000 for purchase of boundary stones, under a new system whereby the stones are paid for by the Government and sold as required.\n\nThe improvements to the record-room in the Colonial Secretary's Office, for which a sum of $1,200 is provided, consist of rendering half the present library fireproof, and it is intended to place there the more valuable records of the Colony in order to preserve them from destruction.\n\nItem 45 Resumption of Piers $10,500 is the first step towards improving the ferry services between Hongkong and Yaumati and Shamshuipo. A Bill dealing with the scheme, which is the outcome of the report of a Committee appointed by me early in the year to consider this important subject, will be laid before you shortly.\n\nPage 120\n\nThe Director of Public Works will be glad to show you the plans of the road programme when you consider the Estimates. The section now provided for is that from Ta Ku Ling to join the Fan Ling-Shataukok road.\n\n## Kowloon\n\nTurning now to Kowloon, a new market is provided for at Shamshuipo at a cost of $18,000 and an extension to the Kowloon British School of two classrooms costing $7,500.\n\nA sum of $6,500 is provided for certain necessary additions to the Royal Observatory.\n\nItem 56 represents an extension of the scheme of Rented Quarters, to which I have already referred, and is intended to provide a building containing two flats in the grounds of the Royal Observatory for the Chief and First Assistants.\n\nItem 57 is for six quarters for European subordinates.\n\nUnder Lighting provision is made for a considerable extension including a row of lamps down the middle of Salisbury and Nathan Roads. Under \"Miscellaneous\" a sum of $212,000 is provided to complete the Typhoon Refuge at Mongkoktsui, and a sum of $29,000 to complete the Repairing and Coaling Yard for Government Launches.\n\nThe item of $1,000 for resumption of piers is in connection with the improvement of the ferry service to which I have already alluded.\n\nA new filter bed, which is much needed, is provided for at a cost of $18,000.\n\n## New Territories\n\nUnder Buildings provision is made for completing the Police Station at Lok Ma Chau and for beginning the erection of a station at Ta Ku Ling.\n\nA market at Tai O is provided for at a cost of $4,500.\n\nUnder Communications you will observe that under Item 78 (b), (c), (d), and (e) it is proposed, if the Secretary of State approves, to embark on a large programme of road construction, and widening of existing roads. After careful consideration it has been decided that a minimum width of formation of twenty feet should be adopted for all new roads.\n\nItem 78 (f) provides for the improvement of a portion of the road from Kowloon to Taipo by cutting back the banks at sharp corners and improving the curves.\n\nItem 79 is a contribution of $1,000 by the Government, being one-third of the cost of a bridge, which is being erected by the villagers over the Shatin river.\n\nThe total sum which it is proposed to expend on Public Works Extraordinary is $2,229,785, exceeding the amount in the previous year by $98,985. The programme has been carefully revised, and works which were not of great urgency, although desirable, have been postponed. Notwithstanding this the total is higher than in any previous year, and so far as I am able to judge there is little hope of any considerable reduction until the completion of the Tytamtuk Scheme.\n\n## Post Office\n\nA sum of $1,440 has been entered for three additional 5th Grade Postal Clerks, who are required in connection with the establishment of branch Post Offices at Shaipingwan (likely \"Saiyingpun\"), Wantsai, and Yaumati. Provision has also been made for Radio-Telegraph Staff for the Wireless Station at Cape D'Aguilar and for the Staff at the General Post Office. The total under this head is $18,499, and a sum of $253 is provided for miscellaneous expenditure for the same purpose. The staff includes two 4th Grade Telegraphists, one 5th Grade Telegraphist (to be 4th Grade in 1915) and one Messenger, transferred from the Harbour Office.\n\n## Kowloon-Canton Railway\n\nThe Estimate of Revenue and Expenditure for 1915 is as follows: Earnings $435,600 and working expenses $323,455, leaving a balance of $112,145 net profit. Compared with the estimate for the current year this shows an increase of $10,754. The experiment of running night trains has been tried during this year, but has not proved successful. Footnote (3) to Appendix II shows the estimated result of next year's working. The deficit to be made up from General Revenue is $458,510 as against $469,264 last year.\n\n211",
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        "title": "CO129-420 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "# 1915 Estimates\n\n## Proposed Reductions in Public Works Extraordinary\n\nReduction, which can be effected in Votes for Work, already undertaken.\n\n| Item | Description | Amount |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 48 | Additional Service Reservoir, &c., West Point | £79,000 |\n|  | Bridge over Shing Mun River (paid in 1914) | £1,000 |\n|  |  | £131,000 (Total for New Works postponed or on which expenditure is to be curtailed) |\n\nNew Works postponed or on which expenditure is to be curtailed.\n\n| Item | Description | Amount |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 8 | Queen's College Improvements | $10,000 |\n| 11 | Government Villas Additions | $13,000 |\n| 12 | Govt. Civil Hospital New Store | $12,000 |\n| 13 | Additions to Victoria British School | $6,500 |\n| 14 | Public Bathhouse below Belilios Public School | $3,000 |\n| 15 | Rented Quarters for European Subordinates | $30,000 |\n| 16 | Housing of Subordinate officers | - |\n| 17 | Extension of Central Police Station | $30,000 |\n| 18(a) | Lugard Road Extension | - |\n| 18(c) | Improvements, Road round Island | $10,000 |\n| 19 | Paving of Main Roads | $5,000 |\n| 21 | New Road to East side of Leighton Hill | $4,000 |\n| 22 | Improvements to Yongneichong Road | $3,000 |\n| 23 | Path from Kennedy Road to Macdonnell Road | $2,100 |\n| 24 | Improvements to Queen's and Garden Road corner | $1,800 |\n| 26(a) | Training nullahs south-west of M.L.239 and I.L.1355 | $4,000 |\n| 26(b) | Mount Kellett Nullahs | $5,000 |\n| 27 | Flushing Tanks and Iron Pipes | $1,500 |\n| 37 | Statue Square Railings | $800 |\n| 47 | Compensation and Resumptions | - |\n| 53 | Market, Shamshuipo | $20,000 |\n| 54 | Kowloon British School Additions | $18,000 |\n| 55(c) | Royal Observatory Seismograph Room | $7,500 |\n| 56 | Rented Quarters for European Subordinates | $16,000 |\n| 58 | Improvements to Pitt Street opposite Kwong Wah Hospital | $2,000 |\n| 72 | Additional Filter Bed | $9,000 |\n| 75 | Market, Tai O | $4,500 |\n| 77 | Police Station, Ta Ku Ling | $5,000 |\n| 78(c) | Section A of new road in New Territories | $33,000 |\n| 78(f) | Cutting back corners on Tai Po Road | $10,000 |\n| 78(g) | Sha Kong Hui, Ping Shan | $4,200 |\n| 82 | Reclamation at Tai O | - |\n| 83 | Tai Po Fish Pond | - |\n| 84 | Sai Kung Harbour Office Extension of land-turfing | $1,500 |\n| 87 | Cheung Chau Police Station | $1,160 |\n\nTotal: $360,150 $491,150\n\nD. P. W. Chatham,\n8.1.15.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-425 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 401,
        "title": "CO129-425 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company,\n\nHongkong, 18th November, 1915.\n\nC. W. Jeffries, Esq.,\n\nDirector, Royal Observatory,\n\nHongkong.\n\nDear Sir,\n\nWeather forecasts by Marconi.\n\nWith reference to my letter of the 2nd September last, my Directors have replied to my enquiry that they have been in communication with the Marconi Company's Directors in London, who state they do not regard the weather forecasts as coming within the category of free service, an opinion which my Directors think is an open question.\n\nIn any case however it was considered the P. & O. Company was not liable for these charges on the last occasion when the point was raised in regard to Indian meteorological reports by the Meteorological Department of Simla.\n\nOn this occasion I understand The Marconi Company made no charge for the Service to begin with, and subsequently only a nominal one and they propose the Hongkong weather service be treated in precisely the same way.\n\nYours etc.,\n\n(Sd.) Edbert A. Hewett,\n\nSuperintendent.\n\nCOMER(58)\n\nEnclosure 2.\n\n395\n\nPage 140\n\nPage 140\n\n...\n\nPage 395\n\nPage 395\n\nPage 395",
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    {
        "id": 461793,
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        "document_key": "CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 426,
        "title": "CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "## EXPENDITURE\n\nThe total expenditure brought to account though not incurred solely on account of the year under review amounted to $15,149,268, being $2,662,407 over the estimate, and $4,393,043 more than the expenditure in 1914. Compared with the estimates there were decreases under 20 heads as against 5 heads where there were increases. The excess, amounting to $812,732, under Miscellaneous Services, was largely due to loss on subsidiary coins, of which coins to the face value of $5,900,000 were demonetized during the year (causing an excess over the estimate of $488,057); and to expenditure on account of the war which was not estimated for ($253,030). It was decided to charge further expenditure on Railway Construction to General Account and subsequently also to abandon the raising of a Loan of £250,000 under Ordinance No. 8 of 1913 which together account for an excess of $3,062,388 under Special Expenditure Railway Department not estimated for, while the Charge on account of Public Debt was exceeded by $55,152 on account of Interest on Advances for Railway Construction. Military Expenditure was less than the estimate by $167,230. The Imports and Exports Department decreased $200,583 on account of less opium purchased while the Harbour Department saved $160,705 on Special Expenditure by partial postponement of the scheme for acquisition of buoys in the Harbour. Other decreases were mostly due to savings on Personal Emoluments.\n\n| Department | Recurrent | Extraordinary |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Governor | 82,351.63 |  |\n| Colonial Secretary's Department and Legislature | 85,380.82 |  |\n| Secretariat for Chinese Affairs | 53,188.73 |  |\n| Audit Department | 31,058.99 |  |\n| Treasury | 107,093.25 |  |\n| Harbour Master's Department | 257,325.24 |  |\n| Imports & Exports Department | 777,035.52 |  |\n| Royal Observatory | 23,233.12 |  |\n| Miscellaneous Services | 1,724,993.78 |  |\n| Judicial and Legal Departments | 268,147.94 |  |\n| Police and Prison Departments | 940,214.29 |  |\n| Medical Departments | 228,200.17 |  |\n| Sanitary Department | 343,903.19 |  |\n| Education | 49,404.56 | 328,072.09 |\n| Botanical and Forestry Department |  | 2,151,388.70 |\n| Military Expenditure | 399,700.76 |  |\n| Public Works Department | 558,448.03 | 1,839,882.01 |\n| Post Office | 407,721.09 |  |\n| Kowloon-Canton Railway | 207,265.07 |  |\n| Railway Special Expenditure, Construction |  | 3,062,388.50 |\n| Charge on account of Public Debt | 794,002.86 |  |\n| Pensions | 339,049.40 |  |\n| Charitable Services | 38,296.81 |  |\n| TOTAL |  | $15,149,267.54 |\n\nThe deficit on the year's working was $3,363,161, and the balance of assets and liabilities showed on the 31st December a debit balance of $132,086.\n\nThe following is a statement of the revenue and expenditure of the Colony for the five years 1911-1915:\n| Year | Revenue | Expenditure |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1911 | 7,497,231 | 7,077,177 |\n| 1912 | 8,180,694 | 8,658,012 |\n| 1913 | 11,007,273 | 10,756,225 |\n| 1914 | 11,780,106 | 11,119,207 |\n| 1915 | 8,512,308 | 15,149,267 |\n\nThe capital expenditure on the British Section of the Kowloon-Canton Railway during 1915 was $506,346, chiefly in connection with the erection of a terminal station. The total expenditure on this account amounted at the end of the year to a sum of $14,602,007, of which $11,539,018 was obtained from the Wuchang Loan and the balance $3,062,989 charged to the general expenditure of the Colony.\n\nThe amount of the consolidated loan stands at £1,485,732. Against this there is at credit of the Sinking Fund a sum of £210,855.\n\nNo new taxation was imposed during the year.\n\nFor the year commencing 1st July, 1915, the existing valuation was adopted, the difference in rateable value being the result of interim-assessments and appeals.\n\n## Increases\n- The Hill District, $3,160 or 0.97%\n- Shaukiwan, Saiwanho, and Quarry Bay, $4,459 or 1.18%\n- Hongkong Villages, $11,102 or 6.73%\n- Yaumati, $4,855 or 1.49%\n- Mongkoktsui, $14,040 or 7.13%\n- Hung Hom and Hok Un, $1,780 or 0.59%\n- Kowloon Point, $24,705 or 4.21%\n- New Kowloon, $1,821 or 1.78%\n- Kowloon Villages, $385 or 0.42%\n\n## Decreases\n- The City of Victoria, $171,040 or 1.43%\n\nThe rateable value of the whole Colony amounted to $14,305,370 being a decrease of $104,733 or 0.72%. There were 299 appeals against the adopted assessments of 1,516 tenements, and reductions aggregating $355,796 in rateable value were made by order of the Court.",
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        "content_text": "## COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE ESTIMATED AND ACTUAL EXPENDITURE OF THE COLONY OF HONGKONG FOR THE YEAR 1915\n\n| Heads and Sub-Heads | Estimated | Actual | Increase | Decrease | Provisionally Voted | Explanatory Remarks |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Brought forward | 769,836 | 576,998.66 | 4,631.79 | 197,469.13 |  |  |\n| IMPORTS AND EXPORTS DEPARTMENT: |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Personal Emoluments | 108,404 | 98,550.61 |  | 9,853.39 |  | Lower exchange and lapsing salaries. |\n| Conveyance Allowances | 3,240 | 2,989.31 |  | 250.69 |  | Lapsing allowances. |\n| Factory:- Fuel | 24,000 | 11,874.70 |  | 12,125.30 |  | Over-estimated. |\n| Rent |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Miscellaneous Stores | 1,000 | 1,130.70 | 130.70 |  |  | Increase in cost of articles. |\n| Repairs and Renewals | 4,188 |  |  | 4,188.00 |  | Savings. |\n| Incidental Expenses | 2,000 | 1,299.26 |  | 700.74 |  | do. |\n| Launches:- Coal | 2,000 | 1,448.36 |  | 551.64 |  | Less repairs. |\n| Repairs | 3,750 | 1,305.18 |  | 2,444.82 |  | Less stores required. |\n| Stores | 1,200 | 420.11 |  | 779.89 |  |  |\n| Opium | 800,000 | 636,623.38 |  | 163,376.62 |  | Large stock of raw opium carried over from 1914. |\n| Packing Expenses | 21,000 | 11,500.90 |  | 9,499.10 |  | Over-estimated. |\n| Rent of Chinese Revenue Officers' Quarters at Yan-chai and Shamshuipo | 264 | 264.00 |  |  |  |  |\n| Rent of Taipo Branch Office | 120 | 120.00 |  |  |  |  |\n| Electric Fans and Light | 2,500 | 1,910.68 |  | 589.32 |  |  |\n| Reward Fund | 5,000 |  |  | 5,000.00 | 2,000.00 | Paid out of Deposit not available-\"Reward Fund\". |\n| Transport | 1,200 | 1,482.40 | 282.40 |  |  | Under-estimated. |\n| Uniform for Indian Lance-Sergeant and Constables | 153 | 153.00 |  |  |  |  |\n| Uniform for Revenue Officers and Messengers | 2,500 | 1,919.40 |  | 580.60 |  | Two European officers on leave. Full staff of Chinese Revenue Officers not employed. |\n| Language Study Allowance |  | 180.00 | 180.00 |  |  |  |\n|  | 984,519 | 777,935.52 |  | 206,583.48 | 2,000.00 |  |\n| Less Increase |  |  | 693.10 |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  | 207,276.58 |  | Savings |\n| ROYAL OBSERVATORY:- |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Personal Emoluments | 20,517 | 19,627.49 |  | 889.51 |  | Lapsing salary and new appointment. |\n| Electric Fans and Light | 330 | 319.44 |  | 10.56 |  |  |\n| Incidental Expenses | 450 | 577.65 | 127.65 |  |  |  |\n| Laboratory Expenses | 670 | 676.21 | 6.21 |  |  |  |\n| Meteorological Telegrams | 100 | 5.58 |  | 94.42 |  |  |\n| Printing and distribution of Meteorological Bulletin | 2,200 | 2,000.36 |  | 199.64 |  | Small number of Typhoons, Over-estimated. |\n| Subscription to Conference Internationale de l'Heure (£16) | 178 | 178.00 |  |  |  |  |\n| Special Expenditure |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Apparatus for distribution of Time Signals by Wireless Telegraphy | 2,500 | 2,500.00 |  |  |  |  |\n| New Symbols for Storm Signals and Code | 100 | 100.00 |  |  |  |  |\n| New Instruments |  | 26.39 | 26.39 |  |  | Orders not executed |\n|  | 27,045 | 23,233.12 | 160.25 | 1,194.13 |  |  |\n| Less Increase |  |  |  | 160.25 |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  | 3,811.88 | 1,530.00 | Savings |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 1,680.00 |  |\n| MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES — |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Bathing Place, North Point, and Kennedy Town | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  |\n| Watchmen | 180 | 133.00 |  | 47.00 |  | Not required. |\n| Bonus for Interpreters and Translators | 1,575 | 200.00 |  | 1,375.00 |  |  |\n| Bungalows Committee, Caretakers | 192 | 192.00 |  |  |  |  |\n| Coal for Offices | 1,500 | 1,182.75 |  | 317.25 |  |  |\n| Commercial Intelligence Branch of Board of Trade,- Honorarium to Correspondent | 1,200 | 1,200.00 |  |  |  |  |\n|  | 4,647 | 2,707.75 |  | 1,939.25 |  |  |\n| Carried forward | 1,781,400 | 1,378,167.30 | 5,385.14 | 408,617.84 |  |  |\n\nPage 10\nPage 11",
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        "content_text": "## COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE ESTIMATED AND ACTUAL EXPENDITURE OF THE COLONY OF HONGKONG FOR THE YEAR 1915.\n\n| Heads and Sub-Heads | Estimated | Actual | Increase | Decrease |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **Brought forward** | 8,389,626 | $8,876,370.70 | 935,728.40 | 947,983.70 |\n| **PUBLIC WORK,—Continued.** |  |  |  |  |\n| **C-PUBLIC WORKS, EXTRAORDINARY,—Continued.** |  |  |  |  |\n| **Brought forward** |  |  |  |  |\n| Lighting | 624,400 | 587,558.91 |  | 36,841.09 |\n| Extensions of Lighting | 313,674.18 | 277,770.00 |  | 35,904.18 |\n| Shankiwan Lighting |  |  |  | Over-estimated. |\n| Miscellaneous | 1,000 | 3.50 |  | 996.50 |\n| Telephone Cable across Harbour | 917.41 | 349.40 |  | 568.01 |\n| Chinese Cemeteries, Laying out terraces | 82.59 | 0.60 |  | 81.99 |\n| Survey of Colony | 8,000 | 2.70 |  | 7,997.30 |\n|  | 4,000 | 1,124.34 |  | 2,875.66 |\n| New Pillar Boxes, and new Tablets for same | 3,000 | 3,161.95 | 161.95 |  |\n| General Post Office,-Shelving in Registration and Parcels Branch | 1,600 | 1,596.10 |  | 3.90 |\n| Boundary Stones | 1,000 | 1,179.10 | 179.10 |  |\n| Statue Square,-Railings round four Statues | 200.00 |  |  | 200.00 |\n| Police Station, Shaukiwan,-Relaying Compound | 900 | 596.68 |  | 303.32 |\n| Extension of Chair Coolie Shelter near Hongkong Club | 600 | 800.00 | 200.00 |  |\n| Installing Electric Lights in Shaukiwan and Teat Tsz Mui Police Stations and Sai Wan Ho Markets | 530 | 562.60 | 32.60 |  |\n| Installing Electric Lights in Wansai and Satyingpun Markets | 405 | 35.00 |  | 370.00 |\n| Colonial Secretary's Office,-Extra lights and Fans | 250 | 284.91 | 34.91 |  |\n| Improvements to the record room in Colonial Secretary's Office | 1,200 | 241.76 |  | 958.24 |\n|  | 1,300.75 | 100.75 |  | 1,200.00 |\n| Ellis Kudoorie School,—Electric fans and lights | 1,600 | 1,580.47 |  | 19.53 |\n| Resumption of Piers | 10,500 | 10,500.00 |  |  |\n| Miscellaneous Works | 20,000 | 18,952.11 |  | 1,047.89 |\n| **Explanatory Remarks** |  |  |  |  |\n| Public Health and Buildings Ordinance, 1903. Compensation and Resumptions | 30,000 | 10,606.19 |  | 19,393.81 |\n| Waterworks. Additional Service Reservoir, &c.,-West Point | 250,000 | 28,474.96 |  | 221,525.04 |\n| Tytam Tuk Scheme,-Second Section | 700,000 | 800,701.25 | 100,701.25 |  |\n| Bonham Road Pumping Station | 7,000 | 2,998.62 |  | 4,001.38 |\n| Miscellaneous Waterworks | 6,000 | 4,843.88 |  | 1,156.12 |\n| **KOWLOON.** |  |  |  |  |\n| **Buildings.** |  |  |  |  |\n| Quoters for Subordinate Officers | 8,000 | 7,916.54 |  | 83.46 |\n| Market at Shamshuipo | 18,000 | 18,000.00 |  |  |\n| Kowloon British School,-Additions | 7,500 | 7,500.00 |  |  |\n| Royal Observatory :- (a.) Installing wireless receiving apparatus | 800 | 800.00 |  |  |\n| (b.) Bathroom | 700 | 678.72 |  | 21.28 |\n| (c.) Seismograph Room | 5,000 | 5,000.00 |  |  |\n| Rented Quarters for European Subordinates, Royal Observatory | 16,000 | 16,000.00 |  |  |\n| Housing of European Subordinate Officers | 85,000 | 35,000.00 |  | 50,000.00 |\n| **Carried forward** | 1,766,935 | 1,435,126.75 | 331,010.36 |  |\n| **Carried forward** |  | 662,718.61 |  |  |\n|  | 8,388,626 | 8,376,370.70 | 935,728.40 | 947,983.70 |\n|  |  | 386,295.00 |  |  |\n\n## Page 49\n101",
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        "page_number": 227,
        "title": "CO129-434 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure 2\n\n## HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n### PRESENT—\n\n28th JUNE, 1916.\n\n**HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR, SIR FRANCIS HENRY MAY, K.C.M.G.**\n\n**HIS EXCELLENCY MAJOR-GENERAL F. VENTRIS** (General Officer Commanding Troops in China).\n\n**HON. MR. CLAUD SEVERN** (Colonial Secretary).\n\n**HON. MAJ. H. KEMP** (Attorney General).\n\n**HON. MR. E. D. C. WOLFE** (Colonial Treasurer).\n\n**HON. MR. E. R. HALLIFAX** (Secretary for Chinese Affairs).\n\n**HON. MR. W. CHATHAM, C.M.G.** (Director of Public Works).\n\n**HON. MR. C. McI. MESSER** (Captain Superintendent of Police).\n\n**HON. MR. WEI YUK, C.M.G.**\n\n**HON. MR. H. E. POLLOCK, K.C.**\n\n**HON. MR. E. SHELLIM.**\n\n**HON. MR. LAU CHU PAK.**\n\n**HON. MR. P. H. HOLYOAK.**\n\n## Minutes\n\nThe minutes of the last meeting were confirmed.\n\n## Papers\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid upon the table the following annual reports for 1915: \n- Report on the Blue Book: report on the Finances; \n- report on the Botanical and Forestry department; \n- report on the Post Office; \n- report on the Kowloon-Canton Railway, British section; \n- report of the Captain Superintendent of Police; \n- report of the Superintendent of the Prison; \n- report of the Harbour Master; \n- report of the Registrar of the Supreme Court; \n- report of the Director of the Royal Observatory.\n\nBand Officer; report on the Assessment; also the quarterly return of excesses on subheads met by savings under heads of expenditure, and the report of the proceedings of the Public Works Committee.\n\n## Financial Minutes\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table financial minutes No. 8 to 12, and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee. \nHON. MR. E. R. HALLIFAX seconded, and this was agreed to.\n\n## Bathing Facilities\n\nHON. MR. H. E. POLLOCK, asked: Will the Government provide, at an early date, the same facilities to the public for bathing at North Point and West Point as last year?\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY replied: Instructions were given in the middle of April to provide such facilities, at an estimated cost of $500. $180 has been provided in the estimates for the wages of two watchmen.\n\n## Registration of Enemy Trade Marks\n\nHON. MR. P. H. HOLYOAK asked: \n1. Will the Government state whether the registration in Hongkong of any German trade marks has been renewed since the outbreak of war?\n2. Assuming that the registration of any such trade marks has been renewed, will the Government state what firms have been granted renewals and whether instructions will now be given for the cancellation of any such renewals?\n3. Will the Government give instructions that all German trade marks registered in this Colony shall be cancelled, or at any rate that no further renewals of the registration therefor shall be granted during the present War?\n\n223\n\n14 \nPage 223",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]",
        "page_number": 572,
        "title": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nI would point out that the total receipts are given as $9,119. That is the highest sum which could have been received. It has not been calculated whether a lesser sum may have been actually received.\n\nQ. In connection with that part of the answer to my third question at the last meeting of this Council which sets forth the percentages of cases treated at the Maternity and Victoria Hospitals, will the Government state the actual numbers of cases dealt with at each of such Hospitals during each of the years 1908 to 1913 inclusive?\n\nA. The actual number of cases treated in Maternity and Victoria Hospitals during the years 1908 to 1913 inclusive was as follows:\n\n| Maternity | Victoria | Total |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1908 | 82 | 234 | 316 |\n| 1909 | 122 | 219 | 341 |\n| 1910 | 107 | 344 | 451 |\n| 1911 | 135 | 309 | 444 |\n| 1912 | 144 | 234 | 378 |\n| 1913 | 205 | 224 | 429 |\n\nQ. When was the nursing of plague-cases transferred from the Kennedy Town Hospital to the Government Civil Hospital: How many plague-cases were treated at the Government Civil Hospital during the years 1912 and 1913 respectively? How many of such cases have been treated there during each month since the beginning of the present year? Are such plague-cases treated in an isolation ward or in the general ward?\n\nA. From the year 1896 cases of plague were treated in the Civil Hospital, but they were definitely transferred to the Civil Hospital and the Tung Wa Hospital in 1909 when the Hospital Hulk Hygeia was sold.\n\nThe number of cases of plague treated in the Civil Hospital during the years 1896 to 1908 inclusive was as follows:\n\n| Year | Cases |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1896 | 34 |\n| 1897 | 22 |\n| 1898 | 56 |\n| 1899 | 23 |\n| 1900 | 17 |\n| 1901 | 16 |\n| 1902 | 7 |\n| 1903 | 78 |\n| 1904 | ... |\n| 1905 | 35 |\n| 1906 | 23 |\n| 1907 | 19 |\n| 1908 | 22 |\n\nIn 1912 the number of cases of plague treated at the Government Civil Hospital was 37, and in 1913 the number was 7.\n\nThe number of such cases treated there during each month of the present year is as follows: January 2, February 2, March 8, April 16, and May 22. It very seldom happened that a sister who had charge of a plague patient did duty in the Maternity Hospital.\n\nArrangements, however, have recently been made for plague cases to be treated in a separate ward, the sister in charge of which does not work in the Maternity Hospital.\n\nQ. What is the \"enlargement of Hospital\" which is referred to in foot-note (15) on p. 59 of the White Book relating to the Estimates of Revenue and Expenditure for the year 1914, which, according to the statement in that foot-note, necessitated the appointment of two additional Probationers? Are there in fact now only two probationers on the Government Nursing Staff out of seven who were provided for in the Estimates for 1914?\n\nA. The enlargement of the Hospital referred to is the addition to the Maternity Hospital of a third-class ward containing six beds, and the conversion of the operating theatre into a private ward. No increase in the staff of sisters or probationers was asked for as a consequence of those extensions. It was an error to state that the two probationers were required for these additions.\n\nThere are only two probationers on the nursing staff at present.\n\nQ. Were any, and, if so, how many, Sisters on the Staff of the Government Civil Hospital taken ill during the course of last summer, and between what dates were they absent from their duties? Did not such absence from duty place extra work on the shoulders of the Sisters remaining on duty?\n\nA. There was no sick leave during the months of April, May, and October last year, but during the months of June, July, August, and September five members of the nursing staff of the Government Civil Hospital were on the sick list for a total period of 83 days. They were absent from their duties between the following dates:\n- 27th June to the 17th July\n- 22nd July to the 15th August\n- 9th August to the 13th August\n- 19th August to the 21st September\n- 1st September to the 3rd September\n\nThree of these sisters were granted ordinary leave and were absent from their duties in addition to the above periods between the following dates:\n- 18th July to the 29th August\n- 16th August to the 13th September\n- 22nd September to the 9th November\n\nIn consequence of the above sick leave and ordinary leave, a certain amount of extra work had to be performed by those sisters who were not sick, as is the case in every hospital. The hours of duty were, as always, eight.\n\nQ. In connection with the intention of His Excellency the Governor (expressed at the last meeting of this Council) to recommend to the Secretary of State for the Colonies an increase of three Sisters as a temporary measure pending further investigation as to the disposition of the Staff, will the Government state:\n(i) Are such Sisters to be engaged from England or locally?\n(ii) For how long are they to be engaged?\n(iii) When will the services of the one Nurse, who was stated by His Excellency, at the last Meeting of this Council, to have been already engaged as one of such three Sisters, be available to the Government? What examinations has she passed and what training has she had? Has any further nurse been engaged, in connection with such increase, since the last meeting of this Council? If so, what examinations has she passed and what training has she had? Has the Secretary of State for the Colonies sanctioned such increase?\n\nA. (i) Application has been made to the Secretary of State for three sisters to be engaged in England.\n(ii) They will be on agreement for three years in the first instance on the usual terms.\n(iii) The nurse referred to commenced her work on the 15th May in the Maternity Hospital. She received her training in the Dundee Royal Infirmary and passed the requisite examinations. No other nurses have been engaged locally. To fill temporary vacancies, an additional European qualified Sister was engaged on the 24th of July and was employed until the 15th of November. There were also four probationers of some standing on duty throughout the year 1913, and two extra during the last 3 months of the current year.\n\n## A Motion Deferred\n\nHON. MR. POLLOCK: Sir, before proceeding with the motion which stands in my name, I should like to consider the answers which have been given at this meeting of Council, and I therefore propose, with your Excellency's permission, not to proceed with the motion to-day at all events.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY: Very well.\n\n## Supplementary Appropriation\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY moved the first reading of a Bill entitled, \"An Ordinance to authorize the appropriation of a supplementary sum of six hundred and seventeen thousand seven hundred and eighty-three dollars and one cent., to defray the charges of the year 1913.\"\n\nTHE COLONIAL TREASURER seconded, and the Bill was read a first time.\n\nThe sum voted is to be expended as specified below:\n\n| Department | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Treasury | $2,077.92 |\n| Royal Observatory | 664.49 |\n| Miscellaneous Services | 206,310.79 |\n| Police and Prison Department | 45,179.09 |\n| Botanical and Forestry Department | 4,553.88 |\n| Public Works, Recurrent | 10,967.68 |\n| Post Office | 164,243.24 |\n| Charitable Services | ... |\n| Military Expenditure-Volunteers | 183,244.51 |\n| Total | $617,783.01 + 541.41 |",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]",
        "page_number": 575,
        "title": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n## 22ND JUNE, 1916.\n### 15 564\n\n## PRESENT:\n\n**HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR, SIR FRANCIS HENRY MAY, K.C.M.G.**  \nHIS EXCELLENCY MAJOR-GENERAL VENTRIS (General Officer Commanding Troops in China)  \nHON. MR. CLAUD SEVERN (Colonial Secretary)  \nHON. MR. J. H. KEMP (Attorney-General)  \nHON. MR. E. D. C. WOLFE (Colonial Treasurer)  \nHON. MR. E. R. HALLIFAX (Secretary for Chinese Affairs)  \nHON. MR. W. CHATHAM, C. M. G. (Director of Public Works)  \nHON. MR. C. McI. MESSER (Captain Superintendent of Police)  \nHON. MR. WEI YUK, C. M. G.  \nHON. MR. H. E. POLLOCK, K.C.  \nHON. MR. E. SHELLIM  \nHON. MR. LAU CHU PAK  \nHON. MR. P. H. HOLYOAK  \nMR. A. G. M. FLETCHER (Clerk of Councils)\n\n## Minutes\nThe minutes of the last meeting were confirmed.\n\n## Papers\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY, by command of H. E. the Governor, laid upon the table the following annual reports for 1915: Report on the Blue Book; report on the Finances; report on the Botanical and Forestry department; report on the Post Office; report on the Kowloon-Canton Railway, British section; report of the Captain Superintendent of Police; report of the Superintendent of the Prison; report of the Harbour Master; report of the Registrar of the Supreme Court; report of the Director of the Royal Observatory.\n\nLand Officer; report on the Assessment; also the quarterly return of excesses on sub-heads met by savings under heads of expenditure, and the report of the proceedings of the Public Works Committee.\n\n## Financial Minutes\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table financial minutes No. 8 to 12, and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee.  \nTHE COLONIAL TREASURER seconded, and this was agreed to.\n\n## Bathing Facilities\nHON. MR. H. E. POLLOCK asked: \"Will the Government provide, at an early date, the same facilities to the public for bathing at North Point and West Point as last year?\"  \nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY replied: Instructions were given in the middle of April to provide such facilities at an estimated cost of $500. $180 has been provided in the estimates for the wages of two watchmen.\n\n## Registration of Enemy Trade Marks\nHON. MR. P. H. HOLYOAK asked:  \n(1) Will the Government state whether the registration in Hongkong of any German trade marks has been renewed since the outbreak of war?  \n(2) Assuming that the registration of any such trade marks has been renewed, will the Government state what firms have been granted renewals and whether instructions will now be given for the cancellation of any such renewals?  \n(3) Will the Government give instructions that all German trade marks registered in this Colony shall be cancelled, or at any rate that no renewals of the registration therefor shall be granted during the present War?",
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    {
        "id": 463505,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]",
        "page_number": 597,
        "title": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]",
        "content_text": "## Public Works, Recurrent\n\nThe total increase under this head is $99,300. This large increase is only apparent, as the expenditure for the current year, which was estimated at $481,000, will probably be exceeded by a sum of $107,600, so that the estimated expenditure for next year, which has been framed with a view to avoiding the necessity for supplementary votes, is rather lower than the expenditure for the current year.\n\nThe **HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL** decided to call this road Lugard Road after the late Governor. A sum of $36,000 is provided for completing the road from Aberdeen to Deep Water Bay. The road will be twenty feet in width with easy gradients.\n\nIn the estimates for next year, an important change has been made by including under the heads Buildings and Communications \"special votes for improvements.\"\n\n## Public Works, Extraordinary\n\nWith regard to Hongkong under the heading Buildings, the sums provided for the first fourteen items are to complete the works mentioned therein.\n\nUnder Item 15, a sum of $60,000 has been provided for commencing the erection of quarters for certain married European Subordinate Officers, for which it is proposed to charge rent. This is an entirely new policy on the part of the Government, and has been brought about by the very high rents which have to be paid in Hongkong and which weigh heavily on officers with families. It is estimated that the rents which are to be charged will yield a fair return on the capital expended. An excellent site at the back of Leighton Hill has been selected for the quarters, of which there will be twelve, six containing five rooms and six containing four rooms in the form of flats.\n\nItem 16. Housing of European Subordinate Officers, $50,000. The total estimate of $80,000 includes a sum of $30,000 for an addition to the Harbour Office Buildings, which will contain on the ground floor a new Liquors Office and on the first and second floors quarters for two married and four single Revenue Officers. The quarters now in occupation at Breezy Point have proved entirely satisfactory.\n\nItem 17 refers to a much-needed extension of the Central Police Station, details of which will be laid before you when you consider the Estimates.\n\nUnder the heading Communications, a further extension of the road from Victoria Gap to High West is provided for at a cost of $10,000.\n\nA sum of $60,000 is provided for paving the main roads in the City of Victoria in accordance with a scheme contained in the Report of the Public Works Committee dated the 2nd March, 1914, and laid before this Council on the 4th June, 1914. The scheme has received the approval of the Secretary of State, and it is proposed to make a beginning next year.\n\nProvision has also been made for a pathway from Kennedy Road to MacDonnell Road, the want of which has been much felt, for an improvement of the sharp corner at the bottom of Garden Road, and for a path from Queen's Road East to Kennedy Road to give access to sites which have been sold recently in that neighbourhood.\n\n### Drainage\n\nYou will observe that under Item 26, a considerable sum is to be devoted to training nullahs and for Miscellaneous Drainage Works.\n\n### Miscellaneous\n\nUnder this head, a sum of $8,000 is provided for another telephone cable across the harbour. The capacity of the present cable is already taxed almost to the utmost, and with the continued extension of the telephone system in Kowloon and the New Territories, it has become necessary to provide a new eight-core cable.\n\nA sum of $3,000 is required for continuing the survey of the Colony, and $1,000 for the purchase of boundary stones, under a new system whereby the stones are paid for by the Government and sold as required.\n\nThe improvements to the record-room in the Colonial Secretary's Office, for which a sum of $1,200 is provided, consist of rendering half the present library fireproof, and it is intended to place there the more valuable records of the Colony in order to preserve them from destruction.\n\nItem 45 Resumption of Piers $10,500 is the first step towards improving the ferry services between Hongkong and Yaumati and Shamshuipo. A Bill dealing with the scheme, which is the outcome of the report of a Committee appointed by me early in the year to consider this important subject, will be laid before you shortly.\n\n## Kowloon\n\nTurning now to Kowloon, a new market is provided for at Shamshuipo at a cost of $18,000, and an extension to the Kowloon British School of two classrooms costing $7,500.\n\nA sum of $6,500 is provided for certain additions to the Royal Observatory.\n\nItem 56 represents an extension of the scheme of Rented Quarters, to which I have already referred, and is intended to provide a building containing two flats in the grounds of the Royal Observatory for the Chief and First Assistants.\n\nItem 57 is for six quarters for European subordinates. Under \"Lighting,\" provision is made for a considerable extension, including lamps down the middle of Salisbury and Nathan Roads. Under \"Miscellaneous,\" a sum of $212,000 is provided to complete the Typhoon Refuge at Mongkoktsui, and a sum of $29,000 to complete the Repairing and Coaling Yard for Government launches.\n\nThe item of $1,000 for resumption of piers is in connection with the improvement of the ferry service to which I have already alluded.\n\nA new filter bed, which is much needed, is provided for at a cost of $18,000.\n\n## New Territories\n\nUnder Buildings, provision is made for completing the Police Station at Lok Ma Chau and for beginning the erection of a station at Ta Ku Ling.\n\nA market at Tai O is provided for at a cost of $4,500.\n\nUnder \"Communications,\" you will observe that under Item 78 (b), (c), (d), and (e), it is proposed, if the Secretary of State approves, to embark on a large programme of road construction and widening of existing roads. After careful consideration, it has been decided that a minimum width of formation of twenty feet should be adopted for all main roads. The Director of Public Works will be glad to show you the plans of the road programme when you consider the Estimates. The section now provided for is that from Ta Ku Ling to join the Fan Ling-Shataukok road.\n\nItem 78(a) provides for the improvement of a portion of the road from Kowloon to Tai Po by cutting back the banks at sharp corners and improving the curves.\n\nItem 79 is a contribution of $1,000 by the Government, being one-third of the cost of a bridge, which is being erected by the villagers over the Shatin river.\n\nThe total sum which it is proposed to expend on Public Works Extraordinary is $2,229,785, exceeding the amount in the previous year by $98,985. The programme has been carefully revised, and works which were not of great urgency, although desirable, have been postponed. Notwithstanding this, the total is higher than in any previous year, and so far as I am able to judge, there is little hope of any considerable reduction until the completion of the Tytamtuk Scheme.\n\n## Post Office\n\nA sum of $1,440 has been entered for three additional 5th Grade Postal Clerks, who are required in connection with the establishment of branch Post Offices at Saiyingpun, Wantsai, and Yaumati. Provision has also been made for Radio-Telegraph Staff for the Wireless Station at Cape D'Aguilar and for the Staff at the General Post Office. The total under this head is $18,499, and a sum of $253 is provided for miscellaneous expenditure for the same purpose. The staff includes two 4th Grade Telegraphists, one 5th Grade Telegraphist (to be 4th Grade in 1915), and one Messenger, transferred from the Harbour Office.\n\n## Kowloon-Canton Railway\n\nThe Estimate of Revenue and Expenditure for 1915 is as follows: Earnings $435,600 and working expenses $323,455, leaving a balance of $112,145 net profit.\n\nCompared with the estimate for the current year, this shows an increase of $10,754. The experiment of running night trains has been tried during this year but has not proved successful. Footnote (3) to Appendix II shows the estimated result of next year's working. The deficit to be made up from General Revenue is $458,510 as against $469,264 last year.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-438 - Public Offices - 1916",
        "page_number": 86,
        "title": "CO129-438 - Public Offices - 1916",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL \n## 2ND JUNE 1916. \n### 13 \n### 81 \n\nPRESENT:- \n**HIS EXCELLENCY FRANCIS HENRY MAY, R.C. M. G.**\n- **THE GOVERNOR.**\n\n- **EXCELLENCY MAJOR-GENERAL F. VENTRIS** (General Officer Commanding Troops in China).\n\n- **HON. MR. CLAUD SEVERN** (Colonial Secretary).\n\n- **HON. MR. J. H. KEMP** (Attorney-General).\n\n- **HON. MR. E. D. C. WOLFE** (Colonial Treasurer).\n\n- **HON. MR. E. R. HALLIFAX** (Secretary for Chinese Affairs).\n\n- **HON. MR. W. CHATHAM, C.M.G.** (Director of Public Works).\n\n- **HON. MR. C. Mcl. MESSER** (Captain Superintendent of Police).\n\n- **HON. MR. WEI YUK, C.M.G.**\n\n- **HON. MR. H. E. POLLOCK, K.C.**\n\n- **HON. MR. E. SHELLIM.**\n\n- **HON. MR. LAU CHU PAK.**\n\n- **HON. MR. P. H. HOLYOAK.**\n\n- **MR. A. G. M. FLETCHER** (Clerk of Councils).\n\n## Minutes \n\nThe minutes of the last meeting were confirmed.\n\n## Papers \n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid upon the table the following annual reports for 1915: \n- Report on the Finances; \n- Blue Book report on the General department; \n- Report on the Botanical and Forestry department; \n- Report on the Kowloon Post Office; \n- Report on Kowloon-Canton Railway, British section; \n- Report of the Captain Superintendent of Police; \n- Report of the Superintendent of the Prison; \n- Report of the Harbour Master; \n- Report of the Registrar of the Supreme Court; \n- Report of the Director of the Royal Observatory.\n\nLand Officer; report on the Assessment: also the quarterly return of excesses on sub-heads met by savings under heads of expenditure, and the report of the proceedings of the Public Works Committee.\n\n## Financial Minutes \n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table financial minutes No. 8 to 12, and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee, and this was agreed to.\n\n## Bathing Facilities \n\n**HON. MR. H. E. POLLOCK** asked: \"Will the Government provide, at an early date, the same facilities to the public for bathing at North Point and West Point as last year?\"\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY** replied: \"Instructions were given in the middle of April to provide such facilities, at an estimated cost of $500. $80 has been provided in the estimates for the wages of two watchmen.\"\n\n## Registration of Enemy Trade Marks \n\n**HON. MR. P. H. HOLYOAK** asked: \n1. Will the Government state whether the registration in Hongkong of any German trade marks has been renewed since the outbreak of war?\n2. Assuming that the registration of any such trade marks has been renewed, will the Government state what firms have been granted renewals and whether instructions will now be given for the cancellation of any such renewals?\n3. Will the Government give instructions that all German trade marks registered in this Colony shall be cancelled, or at any rate that renewals of the registration therefor shall not be granted during the present War?",
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        "document_key": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 271,
        "title": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "- 2 -\n\nacquisition of buoys in the Harbour. Decreases were mostly due to savings on Personal Emoluments and high exchange.\n\nEXPENDITURE.\n\nGovernor\n\n83,708.01\n\nColonial Secretary's Department and Legislature\n\n73,638.42\n\nSecretariat for Chinese Affairs\n\n54,966.19\n\nAudit Department\n\n30,722.02\n\nTreasury\n\n65,300.60\n\nHarbour Master's Department\n\n363,062.94\n\nImports & Exports Department\n\n753,228.85\n\nRoyal Observatory\n\n21,977.78\n\nMiscellaneous Services\n\n1,318,404.52\n\nJudicial and Legal Departments\n\n253,457.27\n\nPolice and Prison Departments\n\n869,859.05\n\nMedical Departments\n\n224,653.30\n\nSanitary Department\n\n351,967.14\n\nBotanical and Forestry Department\n\n321,101.68\n\nEducation\n\n2,174,833.82\n\nMilitary Expenditure\n\n401,205.44\n\nPublic Works Department\n\n624,872.51\n\nDo. Extraordinary\n\n1,246,871.75\n\nKowloon-Canton Railway, Working Expenses\n\n318,982.54\n\nCharge on account of Public Debt\n\n296,691.63\n\nExpenses of Construction\n\n108,718.40\n\nPost Office\n\n640,069.15\n\nDo.\n\n309,271.62\n\nRecurrent\n\n34,871.32\n\nPensions\n\n47,325.89\n\nCharitable Services\n\nTOTAL\n\n11,079,914.82\n\nThe balance to the good on the year's working was $2,753,172, and the assets and liabilities account showed on the 31st December a credit balance of $2,300,785.\n\nThe following is a statement of the revenue and expenditure of the Colony for the five years 1912-1916:\n\n  \n    Year\n    Revenue\n    Expenditure\n  \n  \n    1912\n    $8,180,694\n    $7,202,553\n  \n  \n    1913\n    $8,512,308\n    $8,658,012\n  \n  \n    1914\n    $10,756,225\n    $11,786,106\n  \n  \n    1915\n    $15,149,267\n    $13,833,387\n  \n  \n    1916\n    $13,833,387\n    $11,079,915\n  \n\nThe amount of the consolidated loan stands at £1,485,732. Against this there is at credit of the Sinking Fund a sum of £233,784.\n\nA duty on Tobacco was imposed during the year, estimated to bring in about $400,000 per annum. The actual figure collected for about a half-year was $211,180.\n\n- 3 -\n\nFor the year commencing 1st July, 1910, the existing valuation was adopted, the difference in rateable value being the result of interim assessments and appeals.\n\nIncreases.\n\nThe Hill District, $915 or 0.28%.\n\nShaukiwan, Saiwanho, and Quarry Bay, $4,615 or 1.20%.\n\nHongkong Villages, $32,206 or 18.61%.\n\nYaumati, $20,330 or 6.15%.\n\nMongkoktsui, $415 or 0.19%.\n\nKowloon Point, $11,050 or 1.81%.\n\nNew Kowloon, $1,998 or 1.91%.\n\nKowloon Villages, $3,120 or 3.51%.\n\nDecreases.\n\nThe City of Victoria, $77,570 or 0.65%.\n\nHung Hom and Hok Yuen, $2,340 or 0.71%.\n\nThe rateable value of the whole Colony amounted to $14,282,186 being a decrease of $5,009 or 0.03%.\n\nThere were 187 appeals against the adopted assessments of 919 tenements, and reductions aggregating $197,220 in rateable value were made by order of the Court.\n\nFor the period 1907-1916 the assessment of the whole Colony has risen from $10,716,173 to $14,282,186, an increase in value of 33.27%.\n\nThe circulation on the 31st December of notes of the three Banks having authorised issues was as follows:\n\nHongkong & Shanghai Bank, $25,025,355\n\nChartered Bank of India, Australia, & China, $7,765,117\n\nMercantile Bank of India, $950,577\n\nTotal: $33,741,049\n\nThe currency of the Colony consists, in addition to the notes of the leg of British, Hongkong, and Mexican Dollars and of subsidiary coin.\n\nThe rate of discount on Hongkong subsidiary coin disappeared during 1916. It ranged from 10% to par at the end of the year.\n\nBank notes also were at par value at the close of the year. The total issue of subsidiary coins, less those demonetized, now amounts to $21,264,370 nominal value, and they were up to the year 1905 readily absorbed at par, large quantities being taken by the neighbouring provinces of China.\n\nDuring 1916 ten cent pieces of the face value of $5,028,000 were shipped to England for purposes of demonetization.\n\nThe discount which has prevailed since 1905 may be attributed to the immense quantity of similar coin which has latterly been minted at Canton as well as to the amount of Hongkong coin minted largely in excess of the needs of the Colony by itself.\n\nIn 1905 the Hongkong Government ceased to issue any subsidiary coin and in 1906 it began a policy of demonetising all its subsidiary coin received as revenue. This policy has been continuously followed since except during a brief period in 1911.\n\nCoin to the ...\n\n269",
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        "document_key": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 75,
        "title": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nEducation\n\nEducation's Special Expenditure\n\nMilitary Expenditure\n\nDefence Corps\n\nPublic Works: --\n\n376,052 revenue is so much larger than was expected.\n\n4,350\n\n+\n\nThe expenditure for this year, which was originally estimated at $12,425,018, is now expected to exceed that sum by $1,265,152. There have been savings in practically all departments and the excess is due to the gift of $1,000,000 made by the Colony to the Imperial Government for war purposes. A sum of $51,218 under \"Military Expenditure\" is due to the arrears of military contribution for 1910 being paid this year.\n\nPublic Works Department\n\nPublic Works, Recurrent\n\n608,700\n\nPublic Works, Extraordinary\n\n1,685,800\n\nPost Office\n\n397,354\n\nKowloon-Canton Railway:—\n\n392,335\n\n76,385\n\n334,630\n\n42,590\n\nWorking Expenses\n\nSpecial Expenditure\n\nPensions,\n\nCharitable Services\n\nTotal\n\n$8,369,910\n\nTHE COLONIAL TREASURER second read.\n\nTHE GOVERNOR - Hon. members of the Legislative Council, it gives me much pleasure to be able to lay before you an even more satisfactory financial statement than I did last year. Last October I informed you that it was estimated that at the end of the year 1916 the balance of assets over liabilities would be $1,003,643, but the actual balance amounted to $2,300,785, or a sum of $1,297,142 more than was anticipated. The revenue receipts up to the 30th June this year were $245,550 in excess of expenditure, and it is estimated that the balance of assets over liabilities on the 31st December next will amount to $2,867,945. I should, however, point out that no payment has yet been made to the Commonwealth Government in respect of the erection of buildings for, and the maintenance of, the prisoners of war and interned enemy subjects who were sent to Australia in January last year, and on subsequent dates. A statement of the amount due has been promised and payment may be made before the end of the year.\n\nIt is estimated that the revenue for this year will amount to $14,257,330, or $1,015,330 more than the original estimate. Of this increase a sum of $502,500 is due to the special war rate and will be paid to the Imperial Government. The balance is largely made up of $250,000 from the Opium Monopoly and $100,000 from Tobacco Duties. It is satisfactory to find that the yield from this new source of revenue is ...\n\nEstimates of Revenue for 1918\n\nThe estimated revenue for 1918 is $14,763,590, being $1,521,590 in excess of the approved estimated for 1916, and $506,260 in excess of the revised figures for the current year. This estimate includes a sum of $1,007,000 from the special war rate, and as the revised estimate for the year includes a sum of $502,500 from the same source, the estimated revenue for next year is almost exactly the same as the revised estimate for this year.\n\n21,400\nAs compared with the approved estimates for this year the principal increases (in addition to the sum of $1,007,000 mentioned) of which explanations will be found in the footnotes are as follows:—\nAssessed Taxes7,400\nForfeitures21,000\nLiquor Licences250,000\nOpium Monopoly100,000\nTobacco Duties10,000\nChina Companies Fees11,000\nFees for use of Government buoys5,000\nMedical Examination of Emigrants12,000\nPublic School Fees20,000\nSunday Cargo Working Permits10,000\nSurvey of Steamships5,000\nWater, Excess supply and Motor-rents17,500\nMessage Fees10,000\nPostage7,000\nGoods, Through Traffic5,000\nLeased Land (Crown rent exclusive of New Territories)6,440\nStone Quarries46,000\nInterest8,000\nCompensation in lieu of rates7,500\nRoyalty payable by the Hongkong Tramway Co.$580,240\n\nHONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nEstimates of Expenditure for 1918\n\nThe estimates of expenditure for next year is $12,140,475, which is $281,543 less than the estimated expenditure for the current year. The various increases and decreases in each department and the reasons therefor are fully set out in the Sessional Paper laid before honourable members. I would draw attention to the footnote in the Sessional Paper regarding certain errors in the estimated expenditure for this year, which have come to light when making the calculations of the increases and decreases in each department. I would remind you that owing to the pressure of work caused by the reduced staff of the Secretariat this useful abstract was not made last year. It is an absolute check on the figures, and if it had been made the errors referred to would not have occurred. The revised figures have been used by me in making the comparisons in the first part of this statement. There is a small decrease in the department of Governor chiefly due to higher exchange and a decrease in the votes for Other Charges. Small increases are shown in the departments of Colonial Secretary and Legislature and Secretariat for Chinese Affairs due to stipulated increments. An increase is shown in the Audit Department through the grant of Duty Pay amounting to £600 per annum to the two Assistant Auditors and through the creation of a Second Grade clerical post with a view to strengthening the department. A small increase is shown in the Treasury due to stipulated increments and the creation of a temporary clerkship to assist in the collection of the special war rate.\n\nIn the Harbour Master's Department provision is made for one 2nd Grade Clerkship in place of one 3rd Grade, one 4th Grade Interpreter and one 6th Grade Telephone Clerk, the need for which is explained in Appendix III. In the Marine Surveyor's Office and under Steam Launches the votes for coal and liquid fuel have been increased to meet the higher cost. Under Lighthouses and Lights the introduction of Aga Lights at Cape Collinson and Blackhead's Hill has produced a saving of $675 under the former and an increase of $125 in the latter case.\n\nThe work of the Department of Imports and Exports has increased to a large extent owing to the various war measures in force, especially the Importation and Exportation Ordinance, and to the imposition of a tax on tobacco. For well over a year the Superintendent of Imports and Exports has had the assistance of two Cadet Officers, one a Cadet Officer of the 3rd Class and the other a Passed Cadet in a post of the 3rd class. I have, therefore, as a temporary war measure, approved of the continuing so to act and provision has been made for their salaries on that basis, together with travelling and overtime allowances, under Miscellaneous Services, War Expenditures. Special Expenses of the Imports and Exports Department. There will be a corresponding saving under the posts in which they nominally officiate, namely, those of Assistant Postmaster General and Passed Cadet.\n\nUnder Personal Emoluments in the Imports and Exports Department the principal increases are the addition of the creation of a Temporary Staff for the six temporary 5th Grade Clerkships and compilation of Trade Statistics. A lump sum of $10,000 has been inserted for the latter staff as the requirements of the department cannot at present be stated exactly. Owing to the working of the Import and Export Permit System on Sundays and Holidays, overtime allowances to the staff have been increased by $1,316 to $4,500. The Revenue Officer in charge of the searchers for opium and other contraband goods holds such a responsible position that he has been promoted to the post of Chief Preventive Officer on a higher salary. The number of Revenue Officers is correspondingly reduced. The vote for Electric Fans and Light has been sub-divided, $1,000 being transferred to Factory and the vote reduced by $500. This enables a more accurate calculation to be made for the Defence Contribution.\n\nA large decrease of $150,000 is made under Opium in Other Charges, the sum inserted being considered sufficient for the supply of raw opium for the year. A sum of $2,400 has been added for the Rent of Temporary Offices for the staff employed on the compilation of Trade Statistics. Under Special Expenditure in this and other departments employing steam launches a sum is inserted for a triennial inspection of launch boilers.\n\nIn the Royal Observatory a 5th Grade Computer has been promoted to 4th Grade with allowance for night duty. Under Other Charges a sum of $100 is inserted for the maintenance of the installation\n\n12.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 107,
        "title": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, Education's Special Expenditure Military Expenditure:--\n\nDefence Corps\n\nPublic Works:-\n\n376,052 revenue is so much larger than was expected.\n\n4,350\n\nThe expenditure for this year, which was originally estimated at $12,125,018, is now expected to exceed that sum by $1,265,152. There have been savings in practically all departments and the excess is due to the gift of $82,000, made by the Colony to the Imperial Government for war purposes. A sum of $51,218 under the head \"Military Expenditure\" is due to the arrears of military contribution for 1916 being paid this year.\n\n97,448\n\n471,612\n\n280\n\n82,000\n\nPublic Works Department... Public Works Department's Special Expenditure\n\n608,700 Public Works, Recurrent Public Works, Extraordinary 1,885,800 397,354 Post Office\n\nKowloon-Canton Railway: Working Expenses Special Expenditure\n\nPensions, Charitable Services\n\nTotal\n\n392,335 76,385 334,630 42,590 $8,388,910\n\nTHE COLONIAL TREASURER seconded.\n\nH.E. THE GOVERNOR-Hon. members of the Legislative Council. It gives me much pleasure to be able to lay before you an even more satisfactory financial statement than I did last year. On October 1, I informed you that it was estimated that at the end of the year 1916 the balance of assets over liabilities would be $1,003,643, but the actual balance amounted to $2,300,785, or a sum of $1,297,142 more than was anticipated. The revenue receipts up to the 30th June this year were $383,559 in excess of expenditure, and it is estimated that the balance of assets over liabilities on the 31st December next will amount to $2,887,915. I should, however, point out that no payment has yet been made to the Commonwealth Government in respect of the erection of buildings for, and the maintenance of, the prisoners of war and interned enemy subjects who were sent to Australia in January last year, and on subsequent dates. A statement of the amount due has been promised and payment may be made before the end of the year.\n\nIt is estimated that the revenue for this year will amount to $14,257,330, or $1,015,330 more than the original estimate. Of this increase, a sum of $502,500 is due to the special war rate and will be paid to the Imperial Government. The balance is largely made up of $250,000 from the Opium Monopoly and $100,000 from Tobacco Duties. It is satisfactory to find that the yield from this new source of revenue has increased to a large extent owing to the various war measures in force, especially the Importation and Exportation Ordinance, and to the imposition of a tax on tobacco.\n\n## Estimates of Revenue for 1918\n\nThe estimated revenue for 1918 is $14,763,590, being $1,521,590 in excess of the approved estimate for 1916, and $506,260 in excess of the revised figures for the current year. This estimate includes a sum of $1,007,000 from the special war rate, and as the revised estimate for the year includes a sum of $502,500 from the same source, the estimated revenue for next year is almost exactly the same as the revised estimate for this year.\n\nAs compared with the approved estimates for this year, the principal increases (in addition to the sum of $1,007,000 mentioned) are as follows:\n\n$ 21,400\nAssessed Taxes\n\n7,400\nForfeitures\n\n21,000\nLiquor Licences\n\n250,000\nOpium Monopoly\n\n100,000\nTobacco Duties\n\n10,000\nFees for use of Government buoys\n\n11,000\nMedical Examination of Emigrants\n\n5,000\nPublic School Fees\n\n12,000\nSunday Cargo Working Permits\n\n20,000\nSurvey of Steamships\n\n10,000\nWater, Excess supply and Meter-rents\n\n5,000\nMessage Fees\n\n17,500\nPostage\n\n10,000\nThrough Traffic\n\n7,000\nLeased Land (Crown rent exclusive of New Territories)\n\n5,000\nStone Quarries\n\n6,440\nInterest\n\n46,000\nCompensation in lieu of rates\n\n8,000\nRoyalty payable by the Hongkong Tramway Co.\n\n7,500\n\n$380,240\n\n## HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n## Estimates of Expenditure for 1918\n\nThe estimates of expenditure for next year is $12,140,475, which is $284,543 less than the estimated expenditure for the current year. The various increases and decreases in each department and the reasons therefor are fully set out in the Sessional Paper laid before honourable members.\n\nI would draw attention to the fact that the work of the Department of Imports and Exports has increased to a large extent owing to the various war measures in force, especially the Importation and Exportation Ordinance. The estimates of expenditure for next year include provision for the continuation of certain temporary measures.\n\nUnder Personal Emoluments in the Imports and Exports Department, the principal increases are the addition of six temporary 5th Grade Clerkships and the creation of a Temporary Staff for the compilation of Trade Statistics. A lump sum of $10,000 has been inserted for the latter staff as the requirements of the department cannot at present be stated exactly.\n\nOwing to the working of the Import and Export Permit System on Sundays and Holidays, overtime allowances to the staff have been increased by $1,316 to $4,500.\n\nA large decrease of $150,000 is made under Opium in Other Charges, the sum inserted being considered sufficient for the supply of raw opium for the year.\n\nA sum of $2,400 has been added for the Rent of Temporary Offices for the staff employed on the compilation of Trade Statistics.\n\nIn the Royal Observatory, a 5th Grade Computer has been promoted to 4th Grade with allowance for night duty.",
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        "title": "CO129-448 - Governor Sir May - 1918 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "174 \n\npsychrometer, in conjunction with some approved standard hygrometer.\n\n9.\n\nAssuming that Dr. Doberck used a satisfactory hygrometer and that the formula he has adopted is the one which most nearly represents the observations, his new hygrometrical tables would probably be suitable for general use in countries using British Units, if the readings of unaspirated wet bulb thermometers are corrected as indicated above.\n\n10.\n\nNo particulars are given in the introduction to the tables, however, as to how Dr. Doberck derived the value of A in his formula. He states \"The value of A has been determined by aid of Alluard's dew point hygrometer from 1,012 observations made by the late Mr. F. G. Figg and the writer at the Hong Kong Observatory, and from 1,325 observations made by the writer at his private Observatory, Kowloon, Button, Surrey\". In his letter of 19/1/17 to the Colonial Office, however, Dr. Doberck states that the observations made in Hong Kong \"have been superseded by long series made here (Surrey) by instruments of different construction\" and in his letter of 25/6/17 he states \"my earlier observations were a failure, and as in the course of years I gained experience I found the reason to be that they were made within doors, and that the wet bulb ought never to be rotated except in the open air. Alluard's hygrometer gave also untrustworthy results, as the ether by which it is cooled contains a considerable percentage of water, which affects the humidity of the room. All the enclosed observations (made up of about 10,000 individual observations - 5 years' work) were made by the meters rotated in the open air and by outdoor air pumped (or rather aspirated) into the hygrometer\".\n\n11.\n\nUntil further particulars are obtained a correct estimate of the value of Dr. Doberck's tables cannot be formed. The statement in the introduction that they were published at ...",
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        "document_key": "CO129-450 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 104,
        "title": "CO129-450 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "# HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n2. Clause 3 deals with a similar point in section 49(2) of the Opium Ordinance, 1914. That sub-section provides that any ship of less than 15 tons in which is found any opium in respect of which an offence against the Ordinance has been committed may be forfeited. Here the word \"tons\" is ambiguous and the clause is intended to make it clear that net register tonnage is referred to.\n\n3. Clause 4 corrects an obvious mistake in section 57 of the Opium Ordinance, 1914.\n\n4. In section 2 of the Opium Ordinance, 1917, the word \"resembling\" is not sufficiently exact, as resemblance might not amount to a colourable imitation. Clause 5 amends the section so as to restrict it to colourable imitations.\n\n5. Section 56 of the Opium Ordinance, 1914, makes it an offence to counterfeit marks used by the Superintendent in connection with Government opium. The section also makes it an offence to use any such counterfeited mark genuine. Section 2 of the Opium Ordinance, 1917, makes it an offence to be in possession of labels, wrappers or marks resembling the Government labels, wrappers or marks, and clause 3 of the bill is intended to make it clear that this prohibition refers to colourable imitations. Clause 6 deals with another kind of fraud in connection with opium labels and wrappers. It makes it an offence to have, without lawful authority or excuse, any Government opium labels or wrappers which have been detached from the Government receptacles. The object of detaching such labels and wrappers is, of course, to use them again for the purpose of selling non-Government opium.\n\n6. Clause 7 throws the onus on the defendant of proving absence of guilty knowledge when once it is proved that he has had in his possession a box or package containing opium.\n\n## The Budget\n\n**THE ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY** moved the first reading of a Bill intituled, “An Ordinance to apply a sum not exceeding ten million, six hundred and five thousand, three hundred and forty-five dollars to the Public Service of the year 1919, for the following purposes:\n\n| Expenditure | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Governor Colonial Secretary's Department and Legislature | 79,615 |\n| Secretariat for Chinese Affairs | 79,066 |\n| Treasury | 57,152 |\n| Audit Department | 37,262 |\n| Harbour Master's Department | 65,275 |\n| Harbour Master's Department, Special Expenditure | 200,625 |\n| Imports and Exports Department | ... |\n| Imports and Exports Department, Special Expenditure | ... |\n| Royal Observatory | ... |\n| Royal Observatory, Special Expenditure | ... |\n| Miscellaneous Services | ... |\n| Judicial and Legal Departments | ... |\n| Judicial and Legal Departments, Special Expenditure | ... |\n| Police and Prison Departments | 929,988 |\n| Police and Prison Departments, Special Expenditure | 50,000 |\n| Medical Department | 23,209 |\n| Medical Department Special Expenditure | 800 |\n| Sanitary Department | 1,711,107 |\n| Sanitary Department Expenditure | ... |\n| Botanical and Forestry Department | 262,394 |\n| Education | 1,640 |\n| Education, Special Expenditure | 1,022,312 |\n| Military Expenditure:- Defence Corps | 20,567 |\n| Public Works :- | 275,812 |\n| Public Works Department | 1,500 |\n| Public Works Department, Special Expenditure | 399,146 |\n| Public Works, Recurrent | 11,810 |\n| Public Works, Extraordinary | 53,763 |\n| Post Office | 383,458 |\n| Kowloon-Canton Railway Working Expenses | 15,300 |\n| Special Expenditure | 82,848 |\n| Pensions | ... |\n| Charitable Services | ... |\n| Total | $10,605,345 |\n\n**THE COLONIAL TREASURER** seconded.\n\nH.E. THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT - Hon. members of the Legislative Council, the Governor of the Colony at very short notice has had to take leave of absence, and I feel sure that the deepest sympathy is felt both in this Council and among the Community generally for him and for Lady May in their time of anxiety.\n\nThe duty, therefore, falls upon me of laying before you the Annual Statement of the financial position of the Colony and the Estimates of Revenue and Expenditure for next year.\n\nIt was estimated at this time last year that the balance of assets over liabilities on the 31st December, 1917, would amount to $2,867,945, but the actual balance was $3,268,062. The revenue for 1917, which was expected to amount to $14,257,330, was actually $15,058,104, and the expenditure, instead of being $13,690,170, was actually $14,090,828.\n\nIt is estimated that the revenue for this year will amount to the unprecedented sum of $17,079,640, or $2,316,050 more than the original estimate.\n\nThe expenditure for this year, which was originally estimated at $12,140,475, is now expected to exceed that sum by $3,612,015. This excess is chiefly due to large gifts to His Majesty's Government for the purposes of the war, to which I will refer later on.\n\n### Estimates of Revenue for 1919\n\nThe estimated revenue for 1919 is $16,854,215, being $2,120,625 in excess of the approved estimate for the current year. As compared with the approved estimates for this year, the principal increases are as follows:\n* Assessed taxes: $2,311,700\n* Special War Rates: $152,940\n* Carriage, Chair, etc., licences: $88,000\n* Opium Monopoly: $2,000,000\n* Analyses: $13,000\n* Rent of buildings: $13,350\n* Crown rents: $7,700\n* Markets: $6,850\n* Stone quarries: $9,360\n\n### Estimates of Expenditure for 1919\n\nThe notable change is the omission of the item under the Head \"Exchange Compensation of Personal Emoluments\". As the estimates have been framed on the basis of a three shilling dollar, the same value as the compensated dollar for officers paid in dollars, exchange compensation has ceased to exist.\n\nUnder the departments of Governor and Colonial Secretary, there are small reductions, due principally to higher exchange. In the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs, the posts of supernumerary 2nd grade writer and 5th grade shroff have been abolished, and a new post of 3rd grade shroff has been created. In the Audit Department, in place of two 3rd grade clerks, provision has been made for two 4th grade clerks and four probationers. The work has much increased, and it is considered better to train a junior staff than to increase the number of senior clerks. The changes in the clerical staff of the Treasury are explained in `Appendix III`.\n\nIn the Harbour Master's Department, the new codes for storm warnings have thrown increased work and responsibility on the officer-in-charge at Signal Hill, and it has been decided to promote him to the 3rd grade. The signalman at Green Island has also been promoted to the 4th grade. A Chinese master has been appointed to the Steam Tender Stanley on a salary of $1,680 rising to $1,920 by annual increments of $360. Under Steam Launches, the vote for repairs has been increased by a sum of $4,500 owing to the enhanced cost of materials and labour.\n\nIn the Imports and Exports Department, the changes made in the clerical staff are explained in `Appendix III`. They are chiefly necessitated by the growing importance of the statistical branch. A sum of $10,000 has been inserted for the staff required for the salt control which it is proposed to inaugurate next year, but the details of which cannot yet be specified. Under Special Expenditure, a sum of $50,000 is provided for a launch for salt control.\n\nThe provision of an anemograph for Gap Rock is the only item to which reference need be made in the Estimates of the Royal Observatory. At a cost of $800, a self-recording instrument can be fixed on the roof of the quarters. A continuous record and a particular knowledge of the state and direction of the wind at Gap Rock is of vital importance to the Observatory during the typhoon season.\n\nThe expenditure for next year is estimated to amount to $14,677,896, or $2,375,421 more than the estimated expenditure for the current year. The various increases and decreases in each department and the reasons therefor are fully set out in the Sessional Paper which has been laid on the table.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-450 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 112,
        "title": "CO129-450 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n## The Budget\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY** moved the second reading of the Bill intituled \"An Ordinance to apply a sum not exceeding ten million six hundred and five thousand three hundred and forty-five dollars to the Public Service of the year 1919.\"\n\nThe cost of a work should appear in such statements and not, as at present, be entirely lost sight of.\n\nIt is a laborious business to extract from the estimates as now presented the cost of the working of many Government departments and undertakings, and it would almost seem that the purpose is to befog the enquirer rather than to assist him. Some comments in the Press the other day illustrate what I mean. Owing to the figures of the Public Works Department and the Water Works being mixed up, it is very difficult to say what the cost to the Colony of either Department is.\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY** seconded.\n\nHon. MR. D'Almada I propose to follow the usual procedure and, as the senior Unofficial Member for the time being, to address the Council on behalf of all Unofficial members. There are one or two matters to which I wish to refer on my own behalf, which I will indicate later, and other Unofficial members have some matters they also wish to speak about.\n\nI need hardly say that we all endorse your expressions of sympathy with Sir Henry and Lady May, and sincerely hope that the improvement in their daughter's health will continue and that the Governor will be able to enjoy a much-needed rest and holiday.\n\nI think the Government are to be congratulated on the very satisfactory state of the Colony's finance. There has been a great improvement in this respect during recent years, and much credit is due to those responsible for the administration. It should not, however, be lost sight of that some of our revenue is not derived from a permanent source, and that taxation which is permissible in war-time will have to cease as soon as the war ends.\n\nThe first matter to which I wish to draw attention is the form in which the estimates are presented, and to ask that radical alterations be made in this form. I do not think it can be contended that it is either businesslike or clear. As an instance, I would ask you to refer to the third item on page 8, which reads: \"Assessed taxes, Ordinance 6 of 1901, approved estimate 1918, $1,857,400, estimate 1919, $2,010,340.\" This amount includes the earnings of certain Government undertakings, such as waterworks, and should be detailed in such a way that the working result of any one of them could be seen. It is important that proper statements of individual works be shown, particularly as Government undertakings tend to increase.\n\nI feel quite sure that our able Colonial Treasurer could greatly improve matters were he allowed a free hand; if not, let expert chartered accountants be employed.\n\nThe monthly financial statements of assets and liabilities are very difficult to understand. For instance, the shipping control account is shown on the 30th June as a liability of $81,509.47, when it is well known the result will be a very profitable one to the Government. It is difficult to say where the sinking funds of the two loans are, and we should like to know and be assured that the sinking fund for the Sterling Loan is invested in that currency.\n\nThe value of property purchased by the Government for staff occupation or other purposes is not shown as an asset, which, I think, is wrong, and the position would be more correctly set out by including valuation of such property. I do not think it is right that the value, for instance, of quarters, which amounts to a very large sum, should be lost sight of. The rents charged for the recent Government purchases of house property at the Peak show a return of about 5 per cent. on the capital only, without providing for any depreciation. We are in favour of providing quarters, but would like a record of the cost kept.\n\nWe presume that the Government have considered the question of the conversion of the Sterling Loan into one of local currency at the existing high rate of exchange, a financial transaction which should not be beyond the powers of the Government's bankers. A redemption by purchase at a considerable discount could, no doubt, be effected as regards a large portion of this Loan. There would be no loss in interest by investments of the balance in 5 per cent. War Loan pending complete redemption. The saving to the Colony, comparing recent rates with that of 2 to the dollar, would be in the neighbourhood of $5/6,000,000.\n\nWe do not think the best results in the interests of shipping will be obtained by the Hongkong Observatory having a different Storm Signal Code from that in use at the Coast Ports of China. Before this new Code was adopted, the matter was not sufficiently clearly explained to those who represent shipping here. Without going into the merits of the dispute between the Royal Observatory and the Coast Inspector in Shanghai, I may say that I think they both disregarded the interests of those who have to pay if accidents result from the confusion they have created. An Observatory is of little use unless it is working in harmony with neighbouring stations, and we wish the Government to take up this question of Storm Signals with the authorities in China and arrange for the use of identical codes. Every precaution should be taken to avoid typhoon disasters, and a heavy responsibility rests upon both the Royal Observatory here and the Meteorological Authorities in respect.\n\nI notice that it has been estimated that receipts from land sales will amount to $200,000 during the year, not a very large sum, for which, in my opinion, the land policy of the Government is to blame. The result of the present policy of short leases, for which a high premium is demanded, and a high Crown Rent imposed, in addition to onerous terms for road making and drainage, is the present shortage of better-class houses. This policy was no doubt inaugurated in the interest of the community as a whole, and to prevent, as far as possible, profit being made in land transactions. While a very small annual benefit, as shown by the estimated figure of $200,000, may have been secured to the community, it has been done at very great inconvenience to those who wish to live in better-class houses, and the effect upon land transactions, as far as existing leased property is concerned, has been exactly the opposite of what was intended, for the supply of new houses having been interfered with, the value of house property has been forced up both from a rental and sale point of view by the ordinary rule of supply and demand.\n\nIt is a matter for regret that so many conditions and distinctions have been attached to the War allowance, to the payment of which we had previously agreed, and, upon further consideration of the subject, we wish the whole question referred back to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and a recommendation sent from us that the War Bonus, as from 1st January, 1918, should be 10 per cent. on the present amount received by each member of the Civil Service, whether permanently or temporarily employed, without condition or distinction. In the meantime, we propose to move in Committee a supplementary vote of a sufficient sum for this purpose.\n\nThe Government's policy having checked the natural supply of houses, it is for them to undertake the laying out of sites and the leasing of these prepared sites at low Crown Rents to those who desire immediately to build.\n\nIn what I have said regarding land sales, I am speaking entirely for myself; it is a matter which I have not discussed with the other Unofficial members.\n\nThere is another point which requires consideration. Very large properties situated in the centre of both the City of Victoria and Kowloon are in occupation of the War Department. Many of these sites must be quite unsuitable for military purposes or for military quarters, and the whole matter requires looking into with a view to an exchange of property, whereby the Garrison would find more suitable quarters, and the business community more space for development.\n\nWe shall be glad to hear that the Government intend to take this matter up.\n\nOn page 40, we have the estimated cost of the Royal Observatory. We consider that a Committee should be appointed to enquire into and revise, where necessary, the scale of pay drawn by the entire Government Service. This should be done without any further delay, as it is a matter that will probably take some considerable time to go into. The same Committee might also enquire into the working of the Widows and Orphans Fund, regarding which we are not at all satisfied that the contributors are being fairly dealt with, but my hon. friend who represents the Chamber of Commerce proposes to ask for some information on this subject.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-453 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 329,
        "title": "CO129-453 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# Inclosure 2.\n\n## COPY.\n\nHONG KONG, 7th February, 1919.\n\n**PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL.**\n\nSir,\n\nWe have been approached by responsible Manufacturers at home with a view to establishing a regular seaplane service between Hongkong and Shanghai. It is estimated that the journey will occupy eight hours and there will be one stop en route at Foochow.\n\nIn order that the scheme may be thoroughly gone into, our London representatives have requested us to supply them with information on certain subjects.\n\n1. What would the Hongkong Government be prepared to pay for the regular transport of Mail between the ports mentioned.\n2. It is desired to have an authentic report on the Weather conditions prevailing throughout the year, especially with regard to fog and typhoons that would be encountered by such an air service. As the Royal Observatory may be able to supply some useful information on the subject, we shall esteem it a favour if you will be good enough to obtain from the Director any particulars he can supply.\n3. We wish to know what attitude the Hongkong Government would adopt toward this proposed service and if any restrictions would be imposed with regard to making Hongkong Harbour the starting point and terminus, if so desired, or any other of the waters of the Colony. It is possible that the neighbourhood of Shatin or Taipo might be more suitable.\n\nAs the proposal to establish a service as outlined is now under discussion at home, we shall be very much obliged if you will furnish us with a reply at an early date.\n\nMr. A.G.M. Fletcher,\nColonial Secretary,\nHongkong.\n\nWe have,\netc.,\n(sd.)\nJARDINE MATHESON & Co., LTD.",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-454 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 444,
        "title": "CO129-454 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "## PLA \n\nThe following is a statement of the revenue and expenditure of the Colony for the five years 1914-1918:\n\n| Year | Revenue ($) | Expenditure ($) |\n|------|--------------|---------------|\n| 1914 | 11,007,273   | 11,786,106    |\n| 1915 | 10,756,225   | 13,833,387    |\n| 1916 | 15,149,267   | 11,079,915    |\n| 1917 | 15,058,105   | 14,090,828    |\n| 1918 | 18,605,248   | 16,252,172    |\n\n### EXPENDITURE\n\n| Department | Expenditure ($) |\n|------------|------------------|\n| Governor | 73,308 |\n| Colonial Secretary's Department and Legislature | 660,089 |\n| Secretariat for Chinese Affairs | 50,118 |\n| Audit Department | 32,841 |\n| Treasury | 63,078 |\n| Harbour Master's Department | 174,414 |\n| Imports & Exports Department | 747,264 |\n| Royal Observatory | 20,028 |\n| Miscellaneous Services | 5,676,571 |\n| Judicial and Legal Departments | 398,765 |\n| Police and Prison Departments | 873,864 |\n| Medical Department | 237,538 |\n| Sanitary Department | 370,170 |\n| Botanical and Forestry Department | 50,456 |\n| Education | 343,418 |\n| Military Expenditure | 2,788,722 |\n| Public Works Department | 375,203 |\n| Public Works Recurrent | 712,675 |\n| Public Works Extraordinary | 1,578,149 |\n| Post Office | 181,208 |\n| Kowloon-Canton Railway | 387,276 |\n| Charge on account of Public Debt Pensions | 783,391 |\n| Charitable Services | 44,624 |\n| **TOTAL** | **16,252,177** |\n\nThe balance to the good on the year's working was $2,413,076, and the assets and liabilities account showed on the 31st December a credit balance of $5,681,138.\n\nThe amount of the consolidated loan stands at £1,485,733. Against this, there is at credit of the Sinking Fund a sum of £283,002. The Local Loan under Ordinance No. 12 of 1916 amounts to $3,000,000, and there are the sums of $212,000 and £33,300 at credit of the Sinking Fund.\n\nUnder Ordinance No. 18 of 1917, a tax of 7% on Assessments was imposed to provide an Annual Contribution to the Imperial Government for purposes of the war.\n\nA new Valuation was made for the year commencing 1st July, 1918, resulting as follows:\n\n#### Increases:\n- The City of Victoria, $978,880 or 8.31%.\n- Shaukiwan, Saiwanho, and Quarry Bay, $11,007 or 2.70%.\n- Hongkong Villages, $20,042 or 13.72%.\n- Yaumati, $84,780 or 24.12%.\n- Mongkoktsui, $64,000 or 28.83%.\n- Kowloon Point, $14,735 or 2.32%.\n- Hung Hom and Hok Un, $20,050 or 6.71%.\n- New Kowloon, $13,736 or 12.37%.\n- Kowloon Villages, $13,128 or 13.91%.\n\n#### Decrease:\n- The Hill District, $1,375 or 0.42%.\n\nThe rateable value of the whole Colony amounted to $15,638,736, being an increase of $1,228,583 or 8.52%. For the period 1900-1918, the assessment of the whole Colony has risen from $10,750,902 to $15,638,736, an increase in rateable value of 45.53%.\n\nThe circulation on the 31st December of notes of the three Banks having authorised issues was as follows:\n- Hongkong & Shanghai Bank, $22,401,355.\n- Chartered Bank of India, Australia, & China, $8,718,777.\n- Mercantile Bank of India, $1,008,380.\n\nTotal: $32,128,512.",
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    {
        "id": 480973,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-456 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1919 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 210,
        "title": "CO129-456 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1919 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "25\n\nHONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nSecretariat for Chinese Affairs Audit Department Treasury...\n\nHarbour Master's Department. Harbour Master's Department,\n\nSpecial Expenditure Imports and Exports Department\n\nRoyal Observatory.... Miscellaneous Services Judicial and Legal Departments Judicial and Legal Departments, Special Expenditure... Police and Prison Departments Police and Prison Departments,\n\nSpecial Expenditure Medical Department Sanitary Department\n\n57,830 originally estimated at $14,677,898 is 37,595 now expected to amount to $15,078,600. 88,237 but it must be added this estimate takes 204,348 no account of the result of the purchase and sale of rice during the past three 350 months as it is impossible at present\n\narrive at even an approximate estimate\" 557,675 of what sum will be required to make up\n\n23,671 the deficit on that account.\n\n687,231 967,931\n\n150\n\n1,093,846\n\nEstimates of Revenue for 1920.\n\nThe Estimates of Revenue for next year show, I am glad to say, a healthy condition, for whereas, on the one hand, a large decrease is shown in the receipt of the Opium Monopoly, the increases in more permanent heads of revenue amount to over a million dollars. The estimated Revenue for 1920 is $15,314,800, being $1,569,415 less than the approved estimate for the current year, and $1,741,810 less than the revised estimate. The principal\n\nincreases are:-\n\n  \n    Military Expenditure-Defence\n    $35,000\n  \n  \n    Corps\n    71,481\n  \n  \n    Public Works :-\n    \n  \n  \n    Light Dues\n    \n  \n  \n    Light Dues, Special Assessment...\n    \n  \n  \n    Assessed Taxes\n    492,106\n  \n  \n    Public Works Department\n    \n  \n  \n    Carriage, Chair, &c., Licences....\n    \n  \n  \n    Public Works, Recurrent\n    785,000\n  \n  \n    Public Works, Extraordinary\n    \n  \n  \n    Post Office\n    3,073,700\n  \n  \n    Kowloon-Canton Railway :-\n    \n  \n  \n    Kowloon (West) Ferry Licences..\n    291,345\n  \n  \n    Pawnbroker's Licences\n    35,000\n  \n  \n    \n    111,900\n  \n  \n    \n    17,500\n  \n  \n    \n    15,360\n  \n  \n    \n    118,500\n  \n  \n    Working Expenses\n    \n  \n  \n    Stamp Duties\n    420,187\n  \n  \n    Tobacco Duties\n    \n  \n  \n    Special Expenditure\n    \n  \n  \n    Pensions\n    372,904\n  \n  \n    China Companies' Fees\n    266,320\n  \n  \n    \n    64,778\n  \n  \n    Engagement and Discharge of Seamen\n    12,300\n  \n  \n    \n    100,000\n  \n  \n    \n    100,000\n  \n  \n    \n    40,000\n  \n  \n    \n    $5,000\n  \n  \n    \n    $11,173,226\n  \n  \n    Fees for use of Government Buoys\n    \n  \n  \n    Medical Treatment\n    20,000\n  \n  \n    \n    12,000\n  \n  \n    Postage\n    15,000\n  \n  \n    Railway\n    46,500\n  \n  \n    Buildings\n    14,510\n  \n  \n    \n    26,130\n  \n  \n    \n    11,250\n  \n  \n    \n    272,000\n  \n  \n    \n    $1,018,910\n  \n  \n    Charitable Services\n    \n  \n  \n    Total\n    \n  \n\nThe COLONIAL TREASURER seconded.\n\nH.E. THE GOVERNOR. Honourable members of the Legislative Council, within a few days of my arrival in the Colony I find myself in the position, on presiding over this Council for the first time, of laying before you the annual statement of the financial position of the Colony and the Estimates of Revenue and Expenditure for next year.\n\nIt was estimated at this time last year that the balance of assets over liabilities on the 31st December, 1918, would amount to $4,595,212, but the actual balance was $5,681,138.\n\nIt is now estimated that the revenue for the current year will amount to the sum of $17,056,410, or $172,195 more than the original estimate.\n\nwhile the two main decreases are the amount obtained from the Special War Rate $1,095,000-and a sum of $1,500,000 less from the Opium Monopoly.\n\nEstimates of Expenditure for 1920.\n\nThe expenditure for next year is estimated to amount to $14,888,473, which is $209,577 more than the estimated expenditure for the current year. The various increases and decreases in each department and the reasons therefor are fully set out in the Sessional Paper which has been laid on the table.\n\nHONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n191\n\n8th\n\nUnder the head of Governor, Special and decreases are fully given in the foot-notes. Expenditure a vote of $10,000 has been inserted to cover the Special Allowances on Salaries which have been granted to the Civil Service pending a general revision of salaries.\n\nA sum of $465,000 has been inserted for the renewal of Government House furniture. I regret that I should be in the position of asking for this vote on my first appearance as President, but the present condition of Government House has been unfavourably commented upon in this Council and, I think, with justice.\n\nIn the Colonial Secretary's Department provision has been made for two new Cadets, no appointments to the Cadet Service having been made during the war. Under Special Expenditure a sum of $650 has been inserted for the purchase of document presses and cabinets.\n\nWith a view to training a clerk to take charge of the Stamp Office in the Treasury on the retirement of the present Higher Grade Clerk, one First-grade Clerk has been added to the staff of the Stamp Office.\n\nIn the Harbour Master's Department the posts of Lighthouse-keepers have been divided into two classes, and are not now numbered according to seniority. The post of Principal Lighthouse-keeper has been abolished on the retirement of the holder on pension, and also one post of 2nd Grade Lighthouse-keeper, while two new posts of 2nd Class Lighthouse-keepers have been inserted. A new sub-head appears, namely, \"Blackhead's Hill Signal-station,\" the staff of which has been re-organised.\n\nUnder \"Other Charges\" increases amounting in all to $6,000 have been made, the present votes having proved insufficient. The votes for coal have been reduced owing to the price being lower.\n\nIn the Imports and Exports Department the post of Temporary Higher Grade Clerk has been abolished, and the sum of $10,000 inserted for the staff for Salt Control is not at present required.\n\nUnder \"Other Charges\" increases amounting to $1,500 have been considered necessary in the votes for Secret Service and Transport. A large decrease, however, occurs in the vote for the Purchase of Raw Opium of $350,000, as it is expected that much less opium will be boiled next year. The votes for the purchase of Salt for Salt Control are also not required.\n\nUnder \"Miscellaneous Services\" there are several increases amounting in all to $1,594, while decreases occur to the extent of $3,231. The reasons for these increases and decreases are given in the foot-notes. Miscellaneous Services as a whole, however, show a large decrease. This is due to the large sums formerly voted for War Expenditure not now being required. The decrease under this head amounts to $1,510,219.\n\nPassing to the Judicial and Legal Departments, I would point out that the post of Assistant Interpreter in the Supreme Court has been abolished. It is considered that fully-qualified Chinese Interpreters are now available for the interpretation work, and a 2nd Grade Interpreter has, therefore, been substituted for that post.\n\nPolice and Prison Departments.\n\nA considerable increase is shown in the Estimates for the Police and Prison Departments, amounting in all to $71,323. The war being over, we are again able to obtain from home able-bodied recruits for the Police Force, and no effort has, therefore, been made not only to bring the Police Force up to its pre-war strength so far as the European contingent is concerned, but also by certain re-organisations to bring the Force into conformity with the needs of the present day. A list of the new posts which it has been considered necessary to make in the Police Department is shown in Appendix II of the Estimates, and the net increase in Personal Emoluments resulting therefrom is approximately $37,000. Increases have also been considered necessary in several votes under \"Other Charges\" of the Police Department amounting to $34,766, but reductions have been possible in other votes, so that the net increase is reduced to $12,566. These increases and decreases are fully enumerated in the Abstract laid on the Table.\n\nThe introduction of motor fire-engines has necessitated also a re-organisation of the Fire Brigade. Five new posts of Fire Brigade chauffeurs have been added, two European steam engine drivers have been dispensed with and the number of firemen has been increased by nine. Increases under \"Other Charges\" have been required, also, on account of the rise in the cost of materials for repairs and of the increased number of engines that have now to be kept in good order.\n\nPage 210\n\nPage 211",
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        "id": 480975,
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        "content_text": "HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nbeen required for the proper supervision of roads and other public works under construction. These men are usually appointed on a temporary basis and have so far been paid out of lapsing salaries; their posts are now fully shown in the Estimates. Increase of clerical work in the Public Health and Buildings Ordinance Office has necessitated the addition of one 4th Grade Clerk while one 2nd Grade Chinese Surveyor has been added under \"Miscellaneous\" for work in connection with new roads under construction.\n\nThese new posts have necessitated several increases in Conveyance Allowances shown under \"Other Charges\"; it has been possible, however, to reduce other votes to the extent of $4,370.\n\nto find useful employment for a larger staff for many years to come, unless there should be some unlooked-for set-back to the prosperity of the Colony,\n\nAs regards details, it will be observed that in Hongkong the first six items are for the completion of buildings already in progress. Item 7 provides for quarters for scavenging coolies in the Western portion of the City. Item 8 for a new Fire Brigade station. Item 9 for the completion of the Crematorium. The mortuary in Hill Road is now too close to new residences that it is considered desirable to remove it to a new site. Under item 11 provision is made for building a second block of married quarters for Police in Caine Road. Item 12 is for twelve new houses in Wong Nei Chong Road. Six of these it is proposed to lease to the Naval Authorities for two years to house Naval Civil Officers, who are at present occupying military quarters. It is essential that these officers should reside in Victoria, and, by the provision of quarters for them, the pressure on the housing resources of the Colony will be, in some small measure, relieved. The present summer quarters for the families of Police-officers are quite inadequate, and it is proposed under Item 13 to begin the erection of a suitable building on the Peak.\n\nSeveral votes for Public Works Recurrent show an increase this year over those for the current year amounting in all to $98,100, with reductions in other votes amounting to $14,500—the net increase being, therefore, $83,600. The reasons for these increases and decreases are fully shown in the foot-notes to the Estimates.\n\nThe conclusion of peace makes it possible to proceed with many public works held over owing to the demands made on the resources of the Colony for war purposes. Honourable members will not be surprised, therefore, to find that the sum provided under the head Public Works, Extraordinary, exceeds $4,000,000.\n\nUnder the heading \"Communications\" Item 16 (a) to (g) sums are provided for completing works now in progress. This is nearly double the amount provided for this year, and nearly three times the amount spent in recent years. These are large figures, but I feel sure that the Council will agree with me that, now that the war is over, it is the wisest policy to press on our programme of public works to the utmost of our ability in order both to make up the arrears of the years of war and to prepare as fully as possible for the era of increased trade and prosperity which, we hope, is now beginning. Even as it is we have been obliged to omit several works of importance, but if, as the year advances, it appears to be possible to deal with an even larger programme than that now included in the Estimates, I shall not hesitate to lay before you supplementary proposals, to which I shall hope to secure your assent. I would mention here that any such increase in work would almost certainly necessitate an increase in the staff of the Public Works Department, but there can, I think, be no doubt that it will be possible to find useful employment for them.\n\nUnder (k) a sum of $60,000 is provided for a very necessary widening of the road between North Point and Quarry Point, while (l) and (m) are for improvements in Shaukiwan village. It is proposed to open Kennedy Road to motor traffic, and the sum provided under (n) will enable part of the work to be undertaken. The road contemplated under (o) will open up some good building sites, and at the same time will provide for an alternative route from Aberdeen to Victoria, avoiding the very steep hill on the Pokfulum Road. Under (p) provision is made for beginning the construction of a road over Wong Nai Chong Gap to Deep Water Bay, and under (q) for the first part of a road which will eventually reach Shek O and Cape d'Aguilar and will, it is hoped, lead to the development of that part of the island, which is at present somewhat isolated. Under (r) the road to Wanchai Gap will be extended to Magazine Gap, giving access to new building sites.\n\nHONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nUnder Miscellaneous the principal work will be the filling-in of the low-lying areas in the neighbourhood of Tai-kok-tsui and Fuk Tsun Heung. Item (t) is for continuing the work of surfacing the main roads in the City with asphaltum.\n\nThough there is abundance of water in the Kowloon Reservoir the difficulty has hitherto been to supply the rapidly growing population owing to the impossibility of getting water-mains of suitable size during the war. Provision has been made for laying a larger main from the reservoir filter-beds and for improving the distribution system.\n\nUnder Item 17 provision is made for beginning the construction of a tramway to Wanchai Gap, which will provide a rapid means of access both to Mount Cameron and to the hills between Wanchai and Magazine Gaps.\n\nUnder \"Miscellaneous Works\" provision is made for reconstructing ferry piers and beginning the reclamation scheme at Ap Lei Chau. Some important improvements are also to be made at the Central Police-station.\n\nKowloon Projects.\n\nIn the New Territories provision has been made for completing the surfacing of the road from Fanling to Castle Peak so that it may be suitable for motor transport in all weathers. A very necessary patrol path along a portion of the frontier is to be constructed.\n\nUnder the headings \"Drainage\" and \"Miscellaneous\" large sums are to be expended in connection with the growing town of Shamshuipo, and provision has also been made for a scheme of electric lighting for Taipo and Taipo Market.\n\nThe estimates for the Post Office show little change from those of former years. A large increase in the work of the Parcels Branch has necessitated the addition of two 5th Grade Postal Clerks and of two Postmen at $144 each, and increases under \"Other Charges\" have been considered necessary amounting to $1,100. The working of the Post Offices continues on a satisfactory basis, the net profit for the year 1918 for both Postal and Telegraph Services amounting roughly to $270,000.\n\nUnder Buildings provision is made for beginning a new Fire-station and a new Police-station; the erection of quarters at the Royal Observatory and in King's Park and very necessary alterations at the Water Police-station to render it suitable for the increased number of Police to be accommodated when the Fire-station is erected.\n\nUnder \"Roads\" a sum of $150,000 is provided for making new roads and improving existing roads, while it is proposed to extend Coronation Road towards its eventual terminus in Sham-shui-po. A beginning is also to be made with the road to the China Light and Power Company's new station.\n\nKowloon-Canton Railway.\n\nUnder the heading Kowloon-Canton Railway there are a few small changes in the staff and a considerable number of increases and decreases occur in the votes for \"Other Charges\" under the various heads. Expenditure on Railway varies somewhat more than in the case of other Departments. These increases and decreases, as will be seen from the Abstract on the table, amount to $94,035 and $22,249 respectively, giving a net increase of $71,787. The reasons for the changes will be found in the foot-notes attached to the Estimates.",
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    {
        "id": 484842,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-463 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 220,
        "title": "CO129-463 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nMore Hospital Accommodation\n\nItem 10 provides for the reconstruction of the Victoria Hospital and the building of a maternity wing. A committee was recently appointed to advise on the matter and their recommendations have been adopted.\n\n213\n\n49\n\nItem 28 is in respect of furniture for officers' quarters. It has been decided with the approval of the Council to provide heavy furniture for all quarters occupied by European officers.\n\nItem 30 provides for a Marconi Bellini Direction Finder which it is proposed to install at Cape D'Aguilar in order to assist shipping during the foggy season.\n\nItem 31 provides for the reconstruction of Queen's Statue Wharf which is long overdue.\n\nItem 11 refers to a proposal to build a new hospital to relieve the pressure at the Civil Hospital where the demand has outgrown the accommodation. It is the intention to allow private practitioners to have wards in which they can see their own patients in the new hospital. The question of site is bound up with the Military Lands questions, and it may not be possible to make a commencement next year.\n\nItem 12 provides for a building for an outpatient department for the Government Civil Hospital, which should be of great use both to the Government and to the University.\n\nItem 13 is in respect of the rebuilding of Saiyingpun School on a site on Bonham Road near the University, which it is hoped to acquire. The site affords ample space for a large school on modern lines.\n\nRoad Construction on the Island\n\nUnder Roads, item 16, I may call attention to the road from Bowen Road to Deep Water Bay, which will provide quicker communication with the southern side of the island; to the road from Taitam Gap to Cape D'Aguilar, which will open up new country; to the road from Wanchai Gap, past Magazine Gap, to Chamberlain Road, which will open up the Peak to motor traffic; to the widening of Garden Road; to the widening and improvement of the Shaukiwan Road, which forms part of the scheme for driving a 100ft. main road along the line of the present Praya East out to Shaukiwan.\n\nIt is not proposed to proceed with the scheme for widening Queen's Road East, as the expense is enormous, and on the completion of the Praya East Reclamation there will be a 100ft. road close by and parallel to Queen's Road East.\n\nUnder item 17 provision is made for a cable from the Observatory to Stonecutters Wireless Telegraph Station for the purpose of sending out time signals.\n\nItem 37, 8-inch main from North Point to Shaukiwan, is in connection with the same scheme.\n\nItem 38 provides for an additional main to the Peak which is necessary to cope with the increasing demand for water at the Peak.\n\nItem 41 provides additional plant for the Peak Pumps. Temporary arrangements for a water supply to Mount Cameron are proposed under item 42 in order to encourage the development of building sites which have been opened by the Wanchai Gap Road.\n\nItem 43 provides for a water supply to Repulse Bay.\n\nItems 45 to 48 are in respect of next year's expenditure by the Government on the Praya East Reclamation scheme.\n\nThe commencement of a new Police Station at Yaumati is provided for under item 49. Space is being left for the erection of a Magistracy which will before long be required on the Kowloon side.\n\nA Hospital for Kowloon\n\nThe sum of $50,000 is inserted under item 51 in respect of the Kowloon Hospital. It is proposed in the first instance to commence with a small building which will be capable of expansion when the needs of Kowloon become better known. It is considered desirable that the main hospital establishments should continue to be on the island.\n\nItem 53 provides for a Police Station at Mongkoktsui, which is required to cope with the increasing population in that neighbourhood.",
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        "id": 486406,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-466 - Individuals - 1920",
        "page_number": 85,
        "title": "CO129-466 - Individuals - 1920",
        "content_text": "# C.O.2419\n## Royal Observatory, Hong Kong, 8th December, 1920.\n\nThe Under Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to inform you that on September 25, I submitted to the Crown Agents a statement of travelling expenses on a journey from Doncaster to Birmingham, and return, in connection with the purchase of a Seismograph for Hong Kong.\n\nOn October 20 they informed me that the item \"lunches\" had been disallowed by the Secretary of State. I thereupon requested the Crown Agents to point out that the lunches were a necessary expense, and that but for the hospitality of Mr Shaw, who is constructing the Seismograph, I should have incurred Hotel expenses in addition.\n\nApparently the Crown Agents have not done so.\n\nI regret that the necessary explanation was not given when the statement was first presented.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour most obedient servant,\nMarton\nDirector",
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    },
    {
        "id": 487118,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 92,
        "title": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "# EXPENDITURE\n\n| Department | Expenditure ($) |\n| --- | --- |\n| Governos... | 77,198.15 |\n| Colonial Secretary's Department and Legislature | 68,197.84 |\n| Secretariat for Chinese Affairs | 52,634.57 |\n| Audit Department | 35,625.07 |\n| Treasury | 63,076.94 |\n| Harbour Master's Department | 235,411.10 |\n| Imports & Exports Department | 809,627.24 |\n| Royal Observatory | 23,450.57 |\n| Miscellaneous Services | 5,532,810.00 |\n| Judicial and Legal Departments | 251,434.95 |\n| Police and Prison Departments | 1,066,820.94 |\n| Medical Departments | 264,524.75 |\n| Sanitary Department | 384,873.00 |\n| Botanical and Forestry Department | 51,457.65 |\n| Education | 357,806.43 |\n| Military Expenditure | 3,580,463.81 |\n| Public Works Department | 391,382.64 |\n| Public Works Department Recurrent | 822,509.87 |\n| Public Works Department Extraordinary | 2,235,002.95 |\n| Post Office | 138,224.68 |\n| Kowloon-Canton Railway | 437,592.45 |\n| Charge on account of Public Debt | 749,649.66 |\n| Pensions | 217,510.30 |\n| Charitable Services | 68,038.60 |\n| **TOTAL** | **17,915,925.36** |\n\n## 5\n\nThe amount of the consolidated loan stands at £1,485,733. Against this, there is at credit of the Sinking Fund a sum of £310,469. The Local Loan under Ordinance No. 12 of 1916 amounts to $3,000,000, and there are the sums of $224,720 and £80,628 at credit of the Sinking Fund.\n\nUnder Ordinance No. 18 of 1917, a tax of 7% on Assessments was imposed to provide an Annual Contribution to the Imperial Government for purposes of the war. This was discontinued on the 30th June.\n\nA new valuation was made for the year commencing 1st July, 1919, resulting as follows:\n\n### Increases\n\n- The City of Victoria, $408,765.\n- The Hill District, $18,550.\n- Shaukiwan, Saiwanho, and Quarry Bay, $3,965.\n- Hongkong Villages, $29,368.\n- Yaumati, $1,635.\n- Mongkoktsui, $41,755.\n- Kowloon Point, $62,265.\n- Hung Hom and Hok Un, $76,385.\n- New Kowloon, $18,347.\n- Kowloon Villages, $5,030.\n\nThe rateable value of the whole Colony amounted to $16,304,801, being an increase of $1,000,000.\n\nFor the period 1910-1919, the assessment of the whole Colony has risen from $11,082,179 to $16,304,801, an increase in rateable value of $5,222,622.\n\nThe circulation on the 31st December of notes of the three Banks having authorised issues was as follows:\n- Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation, $24,874,290.\n- Chartered Bank of India, Australia, & China, $10,454,944.\n- Mercantile Bank of India, Limited, $969,276.\n\nTotal: $36,298,510.\n\nThe balance to the debit on the year's working was $1,390,950, and the assets and liabilities account showed on the 31st December a credit balance of $4,290,188.\n\nThe following is a statement of the revenue and expenditure of the Colony for the five years 1915-1919:\n\n| Year | Revenue ($) | Expenditure ($) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1915 | 11,786,106 | 15,140,267 |\n| 1916 | 13,833,387 | 11,079,915 |\n| 1917 | 15,058,105 | 14,090,828 |\n| 1918 | 18,665,248 | 16,252,172 |\n| 1919 | 16,524,975 | 17,915,925 |\n\nThe currency of the Colony consists, in addition to the notes of these Banks, of British, Hongkong, and Mexican Dollars and of subsidiary coin, which continued at par throughout the year.\n\nThe total issue of subsidiary coins less those demonetized now amounts to $20,764,370 nominal value, and they were up to the year 1905 readily absorbed at par, large quantities being taken by the neighbouring provinces of China. During 1916, ten-cent pieces of the face value of $5,028,000 were shipped to Calcutta for purposes...",
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    {
        "id": 488388,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 129,
        "title": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n## Estate Duty Ordinance\n\n2.-The chief difficulty, however, arises not on these successions, but on grants of probate administration by the Supreme Court which include New Territories land. Such grants were exempted from probate duty, in so far as the land was concerned, by Regulations dated August 1st, 1905, under the Stamp Ordinance, 1901. (Regulations of Hongkong, 1914, page 572).\n\n**THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL** moved the first reading of a Bill intituled, An Ordinance to amend the Estate Duty Ordinance.\n\nHe said: The position, at present, is not quite clear as to the liability of land in the New Territories to estate duty. The old rule was that probate duty was not payable at all in respect of New Territory land where the grant was made by the Supreme Court or by the Land Officer at Taipo or by the Southern District Officer. What the Bill proposes is to make it quite clear that no estate duty is payable on any grant made by the Land Officer, but that it shall be payable if the land forms part of an estate grant of administration of which has been made by the Supreme Court in Hongkong. It is desirable to encourage the system of grants by the Land Officer: it is a simpler and cheaper system and one which lends itself better to the application of Chinese custom. Any estate which comes before the Supreme Court would probably be of such character that the estate duty payable on the New Territories portion would be a comparatively small amount and the estate would also be of such a character that the application of Chinese custom would not be of such importance. At all events, the arrangement made in this Bill is that no duty is payable if the Land Officer makes the grant but is payable if the Supreme Court makes the grant.\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY** seconded, and the Bill was read a first time.\n\nThe Objects and Reasons state:-\n\nIt is very doubtful whether this exemption now extends to duty, and it seems only reasonable that where recourse is had to the Hongkong Courts, all the duties and fees payable in respect of Hongkong property should be payable. It has been thought advisable therefore to append a proviso to the paragraph added by Clause 3 of the bill to the effect that the exemption from estate duty there given shall not apply to any land which forms part of an estate of which the Supreme Court has granted probate or letters of administration.\n\n3.-Clauses 2 and 4 of the Bill effect small textual corrections in the Ordinance.\n\n## Legal Practitioners Amendment Ordinance\n\n**THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL** proposed that the Order of the Day relating to the Bill intituled, An Ordinance to amend further the Legal Practitioners Ordinance, 1871, which was on the Agenda for first reading, should stand over until the next meeting of the Council.\n\n1. Clause 2 is a formal amendment rendered necessary by the fact that the Law Society has changed its name.\n2. Clause 3 authorises the Governor in Council to make regulations for the determination of the fees to be paid to examiners at the solicitor's final examination, and provides that the examiners' fees shall be recovered from the candidate or candidates. It is proposed to fix the examiners' fees at $100 each.\n\nThe object of this bill is to amend the Estate Duty Ordinance, 1915. The chief reason for doing so is that the position of land in the New Territories in relation to death duties is not clear. The Territories Regulation Ordinance, Ordinance No. 34 of 1910, Section 29, provides that no probate duties are to be payable upon the registration by the Land Officer of a successor. There is perhaps a doubt whether this section exempts such successions from estate duty, and it has been thought advisable to make this quite clear by adding a paragraph to Section 6 of the Estate Duty Ordinance definitely exempting such successions from estate duty. This is done by Clause 3 of the bill.\n\n3. Clause 4 authorises a fine of one thousand dollars on summary conviction instead of a penalty of two hundred dollars (apparently recoverable by a common informer) as the penalty for unlawfully practising as a barrister or solicitor. The consent of the Attorney-General for the institution of proceedings is made no longer necessary.\n\nThe motion was agreed to.\n\n# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n## Public Health and Buildings Ordinance\n\nThe second reading of the Bill intituled, An Ordinance to amend further the Public Health and Buildings Ordinance, 1903, was postponed until the next meeting of the Council.\n\n## Crown Lands Resumption Ordinance\n\n**THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL** moved the second reading of the Bill intituled, An Ordinance to amend the Crown Lands Resumption Ordinance, 1900.\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY** seconded, and the motion was carried.\n\nThe Council then went into committee to consider the Bill clause by clause. Clause 2 was amended by the omission of the words \"by a willing seller\" in the sixth line of para. (b). In clause 5 a minor amendment was made. A new draft was substituted for clause 6, and clause 6 was renumbered 7.\n\n**THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL** explained that the object of the new clause 6 was to make it clear that the Board could give compensation in respect of damage to a business due to removal.\n\n**HON. MR. POLLOCK** This embodies a point which the unofficial members desired to have introduced.\n\nCouncil then resumed.\n\n**THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL** moved the third reading of the Bill; **THE COLONIAL SECRETARY** seconded, and the motion was carried.\n\nThe Bill passed accordingly.\n\n## The Adjournment\n\n**H.E. THE GOVERNOR** --With regard to the adjournment, it will be impossible to take all these Bills at the meeting if we held it next week, but we could probably take them all if we adjourned for a fortnight. But I think it would be better to get some of them out of the way, and I propose that we meet this day week and take such of the business as we feel disposed to deal with.\n\n## Upper Air Research\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $2,000 on account of Royal Observatory, Special Expenditure, Instruments for Upper Air research.\n\n**THE CHAIRMAN** said that this sum was for certain apparatus, such as steel cylinders of hydrogen, balloons, theodolites, tripods, sliding rules, and thermometers, etc., which the Director of the Royal Observatory wishes to use in upper air research, and the sum asked for was the dollar equivalent of the cost in sterling.\n\nApproved.\n\n## Fire Brigade Sub-Station\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $10,700 on account of Public Works, Extraordinary, Hongkong, Buildings, Conversion of the old Cinema shed at Wanchai into a Fire Brigade Sub-station.\n\n**THE CHAIRMAN** said this matter had been before the Finance Committee who had approved the expenditure.\n\nApproved.\n\n## FINANCE COMMITTEE\n\nA meeting of the Finance Committee was held after the Council had adjourned, the **COLONIAL SECRETARY** presiding.\n\n**HON. MR. POLLOCK** asked whether counsel was to be heard with regard to the Indemnity Bill.\n\n**THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL**--The Government have no objection to their being heard. The counsel who is instructed to appear is coming from another Colony and cannot be here either next week or the following week.\n\n**HON. MR. POLLOCK** I suppose that, in that case, the Bill will be taken later.\n\n**H.E. THE GOVERNOR** The Council will adjourn to this day week at 2.30 p.m.",
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    {
        "id": 488609,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
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        "title": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "## EXPENDITURE\n\nG, Governor | 90,526.45\nColonial Secretary's Department and Legis | \nSecretaries for Chinese Affairs | 57,716.27\nAudit Department | 34,897.83\nTreasury | 74,222.34\nHarbour Master's Department | 231,146.38\nImports & Exports Department | 502,114.66\nRoyal Observatory | 25,965.53\nMiscellaneous Services | 1,410,230.36\nJudicial and Legal Departments | 286,591.65\nPolice and Prison Department | 1,402,680.07\nMedical Departments | 331,020.81\nSanitary Department | 403,759.44\nBotanical and Forestry Department | 55,975.49\nEducation | 537,512.55\nMilitary Expenditure | 2,789,208.68\nPublic Works Department | 488,987.78\nDo. Recurrent | 800,254.37\nDo. Extraordinary | 2,555,877.69\nPost Office | 268,713.85\nKowloon-Canton Railway | 822,567.68\nCharge on account of Public Debt | 677,341.19\nPensions | 252,081.83\nCharitable Services | 169,116.89\nTOTAL | $14,489,593.52\n\nThe balance to the credit on the year's working was $200,078 and the assets and liabilities account showed on the 31st December a credit balance of $4,490,288.\n\n## The following is a statement of the revenue and expenditure of the Colony for the five years 1916-1920:\n\n| Year | Revenue | Expenditure |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1916 | $13,833,387 | $11,079,915 |\n| 1917 | $15,058,105 | $14,000,828 |\n| 1918 | $18,065,248 | $16,252,172 |\n| 1919 | $16,524,975 | $17,915,925 |\n| 1920 | $14,689,672 | $14,489,594 |\n\n5-\n\nThe amount of the consolidated loan stands at £1,485,733. Against this there is at credit of the Sinking Fund a sum of £338,687. The Local Loan under Ordinance No. 12 of 1916 amounts to $3,000,000 and there are the sums of $438,203 and £84,751 at credit of the Sinking Fund.\n\nA new valuation for Assessment was made for the year commencing 1st July, 1920, resulting as follows:-\n\n### Increases:\n- The City of Victoria | $875,010\n- The Hill District | 1,570\n- Shaukiwan, Saiwanho and Quarry Bay | 6,385\n- Hongkong Villages | 46,013\n- Kowloon Point | 24,150\n- Yaumati | 52,805\n- Mongkoktsui | 55,135\n- Kowloon Villages | 26,400\n- New Territories | 10,580\n-  | 790\n\n### Decrease:\n- Hanghom and Hok Un | \n\nThe rateable value of the whole Colony amounted to $17,108,059 having increased by $1,104,158.\n\nDuring the period 1911-1920 the assessment of the whole Colony has risen from $11,161,390 to $17,408,959, an increase in rateable value of $6,247,569.\n\nThe circulation on the 31st December of notes of the three Banks having authorised issues was as follows:-\n- Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation | $20,397,580\n- Chartered Bank of India, Australia, & China | 10,061,863\n- Mercantile Bank of India, Limited | 1,000,009\nTotal | $31,459,452\n\nThe currency of the Colony consists, in addition to the notes of these Banks, of British, Hongkong, and Mexican Dollars and of subsidiary coin, which continued at par throughout the year.\n\nThe total issue of subsidiary coins less those demonetized, now amounts to $20,764,370 nominal value, and they were up to the year 1905 readily absorbed at par, large quantities being taken by the neighbouring provinces of China. During 1916 ten cent pieces of the face value of $5,028,000 were shipped to Calcutta for purposes of demonetization. The discount which prevailed between 1905 and 1918 may be attributed to the immense quantity of similar coin which was minted at Canton as well as to the amount of Hongkong coin minted largely in excess of the needs of the Colony by itself. In 1905 the Hongkong Government ceased to issue any subsidiary coin and in 1906 it began a policy of demonetizing all its subsidiary coin received as revenue. This policy was continuously followed till 1918 except during a brief period in ... \n\n343",
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        "id": 492720,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 73,
        "title": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "# EXPENDITURE\n\nC.\n\nGovernor\n\n91,035.19\n\nCadet Service\n\n230,948.92\n\nColonial Secretary's Department and Legis-\n\nMature -\n\n58,415.07\n\nSecretariat for Chinese Affairs\n\n18,705.03\n\nAudit Department\n\n51,440.87\n\nTreasury\n\n72,676.59\n\nHarbour Master's Department\n\n350,025.53\n\nImports & Exports Department.\n\n391,756.04\n\nRoyal Observatory\n\n32,700.51\n\nPrison Department\n\nMiscellaneous Service\n\n845,413.82\n\nJudicial and Legal Departments-\n\n271,948.20\n\nPolice and Fire Brigade\n\n1,527,097.55\n\n299,746.50\n\nMedical Department\n\n378,128.77\n\nSanitary Department\n\n536,438.13\n\n#2\n\nBotanical and Forestry Department\n\n31,428.11\n\nEducation -\n\n580,323.92\n\nMilitary Expenditure -\n\n2,318,654.02\n\nPublic Works Department\n\nRecurrent\n\nExtraordinary\n\n651,599.00\n\n938,582.38\n\n3,053,525.11\n\nPost Office -\n\nKowloon-Canton Railway\n\n293,710.10\n\n1,108,838.99\n\nCharge on account of Public Debt\n\nPensions\n\n800,336.88\n\n389,845.50\n\nCharitable Services\n\n78,331.61\n\nThe amount of the consolidated loan stands at £1,485,733. Against this there is at credit of the Sinking Fund a sum of £368,403. The Local Loan under Ordinance No. 12 of 1916 amounts to $3,000,000 and there are the sums of $664,495 and £89,093 at credit of the Sinking Fund.\n\nA new valuation for Assessment was made for the year commencing 1st July, 1921, resulting as follows:-\n\nIncreases —\n\n  \n    The City of Victoria\n    $872,540\n  \n  \n    The Hill District\n    8,150\n  \n  \n    Shaukiwan, Saiwanho and Quarry Bay\n    9,700\n  \n  \n    Hongkong\n    \n  \n  \n    Barges\n    36,924\n  \n  \n    Kowloon Point\n    124,615\n  \n  \n    Yaumati\n    86,705\n  \n  \n    Mongkoktsui\n    79,630\n  \n  \n    Hunghom and Hok Un\n    40,285\n  \n  \n    Kowloon Villages\n    15.60\n  \n  \n    New Territories\n    13,546\n  \n  \n    TOTAL\n    $1,575,652.40\n  \n\nThe balance to the credit on the year's working was $1,988,480 and the assets and liabilities account showed on the 31st December a credit balance of $6,478,740.\n\nThe following is a statement of the revenue and expenditure of the Colony for the five years 1917-1921 :-\n\n  \n    \n    Revenue\n    Expenditure\n  \n  \n    1917\n    15,058,105\n    14,090,828\n  \n  \n    1918\n    18,665,248\n    16,252,172\n  \n  \n    1919\n    16,524,975\n    17,915,025\n  \n  \n    1920\n    14,689,672\n    14,489,594\n  \n  \n    1921\n    17,728,132\n    15,739,652\n  \n\nThe rateable value of the whole Colony amounted to $18,696,680 having increased by $1,287,701.\n\nDuring the period 1912-1921 the assessment of the whole Colony has risen from $12,312,306 to $18,696,680, an increase in rateable value of $6,384,354.\n\nThe circulation on the 31st December of notes of the three Banks having authorised issues was as follows—\n\n  \n    Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation\n    $40,395,225\n  \n  \n    Chartered Bank of India, Australia, & China\n    9,074,137\n  \n  \n    Mercantile Bank of India, Limited\n    1,321,503\n  \n  \n    \n    $50,790,865\n  \n\nThe currency of the Colony consists, in addition to the notes of these Banks, of British, Hongkong, and Mexican Dollars and of subsidiary coin, which continued at par throughout the year.\n\nThe total issue of subsidiary coins less those demonetized, now amounts to $20,789,370 nominal value, and they were up to the year 1905 readily absorbed at par, large quantities being taken by the neighbouring provinces of China. During 1910 ten cent pieces of the face value of $5,028,000 were shipped to Calcutta for purposes of demonetization. The discount which prevailed between 1905 and 1916 may be attributed to the immense quantity of ...\n\nPage 72",
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    {
        "id": 492731,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 84,
        "title": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "All the houses at Leighton Hill are being constructed by Messrs. Denison, Ram and Gibbs, and those on the Homestead site by Messrs. Little, Adams and Wood,\n\nIn addition, 12 houses at Happy Valley were completed for subordinate officers early in the year.\n\nGood progress was made with the new police married quarters, containing 6 BQte, in Caine Road.\n\nAlterations were carried out to the Kitchen Block at Government House, and a new Garage Block was commenced which includes quarters for the Custodian and two rooms for guests, for whom accommodation cannot be found in the main building.\n\nThe quarters for scavenging coolies at Hospital Road were completed towards the end of the year, and good progress was made with similar quarters in Belchers Street.\n\nFoundations were commenced for the large building (New Fire Brigade Station) opposite the Central Market, the details of the accommodation of which were given in last year's report. A temporary Fire Station was completed in Wanchai.\n\nA contract was let, and work commenced, for a maternity section next to the Victoria Hospital, Barker Road, the Peak, and plans were prepared for the alteration to the main hospital block, and to the nurses' quarters; also, an outpatients' block was commenced at the Civil Hospital.\n\nIn Kowloon, quarters for the Royal Observatory staff were completed, and an extension to the pig lairage at Ma-tau-kok was made.\n\nThe preparation of the site for the Kowloon Hospital was in progress.\n\nDrawings were prepared for the new police station at Yau-mati and Mong-kok-tsui, and for an extension to the fire brigade station at Kowloon.\n\nOther works of a minor nature were carried out.\n\nIn the New Territories, work was proceeding in connection with the rebuilding of four of the prison sheds at the Lai-chi-kok branch Prison.\n\nGood progress was made with the new clerks' quarters at Taipo, and the land bailiff's quarters at Pingshan.\n\nCOMMUNICATIONS,\n\nThe following Motor roads were in hand :-\n\nA road contouring the South side of Mt. Davis and linking Pokfulam Road with the Victoria Road was completed, as was also\n\nthe extension of Lugard Road; the first section of the road from Taitam Gap to Shek O, about one mile in length, was also completed, and good progress was made with the second section thereof, and a contract for the third section was let; the two latter sections are also each about a mile in length.\n\nA twenty-foot road from Wanchai Gap to Magazine Gap and from thence to Chamberlain Road was under construction; one, from Bowen Road to Wongneichong Gap, being the first part of the new road to Repulse Bay, was completed; and good progress was also made with the twenty-foot road from Bowen Road contouring the hill towards Sookunpoo Valley, passing over the ridge where it will be joined by Broadwood Road.\n\nA further section of the scheme for widening Kennedy Road was completed and progress was also made with the scheme for widening Queen's Road, East, as opportunity afforded, though there still remains a considerable portion to be dealt with before the widening can be accomplished. Work on the scheme for the diversion of a certain portion of the Shaukiwan Road through Quarry Bay Village and the improvement of the alignment and levels of a considerable section of the same road on either side of the diversion was commenced.\n\nIn Kowloon, further progress was attained with the extension of the Coronation Road to the North West of Mong-kok Village.\n\nThe section of the Kowloon City-Mong-kok-tsui Road, East of the Railway, was nearing completion, and the section, West of the Railway, was making good progress. The excavation from the hills to form the above-mentioned roads was being utilized to fill in the low lying areas to the south of the Old Kowloon boundary line.\n\nExtensive widenings of existing roads were carried out as follows:-\n\nKowloon City Road, between K.I.L. 1150 and the bridge over the stream course West of the Hill of the King of the Sung'; from this latter point a sixty-foot width of roadway was constructed on a new alignment to the New Kowloon City-Mong-kok-tsui Road.\n\nSalisbury Road, between Nathan and Chatham Roads. Hankow Road, between Salisbury and Peking Roads, Argyle Street, between Coronation Road and Ho-mun-tin.\n\nThe improvements to the Taipo Road, between the 3rd and 5th milestones, and the section of this road—and the construction of a bridge—at Ma-nin-shui were completed.\n\nA road extension, 10 feet wide, was made from the Fanling-Sheung Shui Road to the Sheung Shui Police Station,\n\nPage 27\n\n...\n\nPage 26\n\n...\n\nPage 15\n\n83",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 495422,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 92,
        "title": "CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "A MARKET\n\nSHAM SHUI PO\n\nD MARKET\n\nHARBOUR\n\nOr MEFUGE\n\n14.\n\nD MARKET\n\nNONEKO KTSUI\n\nYAUMATI\n\nWAR DEPT\n\nM 38-\n\nKOWLOON H.D'S.\n\n13.\n\nDYAUHATI STATION\n\nINDIAN CEMETERY\n\nDISINFECTING STATION\n\nEUROPEAN PROTESTANT\n\nCEMETERY\n\nI. C. CENDRIY\n\nCHINESE CEMETERY\n\nMA TAU WAI\n\nCHINESE CEMETERY\n\n15.\n\nCHINESE CEMETERY\n\n□ MARKET\n\nKING'S PARK\n\n11.\n\nMARKET\n\n12.\n\nHUNG HOM\n\nBAHOM\n\n!\n\nMARKET\n\n87\n\nMA TAU KOK\n\nCATTLE DEPOT\n\nTO KWA WAN\n\n- 89\n\nREPORT OF THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH,\n\nPHYSICAL CONDITIONS AND CLIMATE,\n\n1. The Colony of Hongkong consists of the Island of that name, a few islets in its immediate neighbourhood, the peninsula of Kowloon and the so-called New Territories which are held on lease from the Chinese Government for a period of ninety-nine years from 1898.\n\nThe area of the Island is about 32 square miles, that of the Kowloon Peninsula about two and three-quarter square miles and, that of the leased New Territories about 282 square miles.\n\nof the leased territory 266 square miles are without the jurisdiction of the Sanitary Board.\n\nThe Colony is situated just within the limit of the northern tropic. The latitude and longitude at the Royal Observatory in Kowloon are :--\n\nLatitude 22° 18′ 13″, Longitude 114° 10′ 27″.\n\n2. The Island of Hongkong, while of very irregular contour and deeply indented, has its greatest length roughly East and West. The Harbour lies between the island and the mainland.\n\nThe Kowloon peninsula lies roughly North and South. The Island of Hongkong consists of a range of hills rising steeply to approximately 1,800 feet at its highest point - The Peak, with very little flat land except that which has been reclaimed from the sea in and near the City of Victoria situated on the northern shore.\n\nSouth of the range of hills which divides the area of the New Territories not under the supervision of the Sanitary Board from the Kowloon peninsula, the land is much flatter than in Hongkong and here a large amount of the land has been reclaimed by the filling of bays and estuaries of streams. Many small hills have been razed for the purpose of such reclamation.\n\nGeologically the Colony consists chiefly of decomposed granite and the sub-soil is permeable to and retentive of water.\n\nThe hillsides are generally well wooded or covered with a dense growth of shrubs.\n\nThe climate of the Colony is variable. The table following shows the monthly means or sums of the meteorological data recorded during the year under review.\n\nThe coincidence of high temperatures and humidity is noticeable.\n\nThe rainfall for the year was only 69.435 inches as compared with 97.340 in 1922. This comparatively small rainfall was responsible for a shortage of water necessitating curtailment of supply during the drier months of the year.\n\n|\n\n!\n\n: \n\nSHEKSHAN",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 497563,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-484 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [1-7]",
        "page_number": 249,
        "title": "CO129-484 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [1-7]",
        "content_text": "# EXPENDITURE\n\n| Department | Expenditure |\n| --- | --- |\n| Governor | 94,287.02 |\n| Cadet Service | 280,507.54 |\n| Colonial Secretary's Department and Legislature | 50,454.63 |\n| Secretariat for Chinese Affairs | 21,115.67 |\n| Audit Department | 51,000.35 |\n| Treasury | 68,307.64 |\n| Harbour Master's Department | 310,717.36 |\n| Imports & Exports Department | 631,733.97 |\n| Royal Observatory | 38,350.10 |\n| Miscellaneous Services | 1,017,305.35 |\n| Judicial and Legal Departments | 282,089.15 |\n| Police | 1,533,757.51 |\n| Fire Brigade | 177,799.07 |\n| Prison Department | 324,175.12 |\n| Medical Department | 371,781.92 |\n| Sanitary Department | 548,824.20 |\n| Botanical and Forestry Department | 71,223.47 |\n| Education | 728,153.89 |\n| Military Expenditure | 3,230,779.80 |\n| Public Works Department | 821,074.30 |\n| Public Works Department Recurrent | 1,074,646.30 |\n| Public Works Department Extraordinary | 3,575,635.19 |\n| Post Office | 309,042.61 |\n| Kowloon-Canton Railway | 922,355.75 |\n| Charge on account of Public Debt | 914,040.12 |\n| Pensions | 429,361.04 |\n| Charitable Services | ... |\n| TOTAL | $18,563,002.91 |\n\nThe amount of the consolidated loan stands at £1,485,733. Against this there is at credit of the Sinking Fund a sum of £399,591. The Local Loan under Ordinance No. 12 of 1916 amounts to $3,000,000 and there are the sums of $906,699 and £93,657 at credit of the Sinking Fund.\n\nA new valuation for Assessment was made for the year commencing 1st July, 1922, resulting as follows:-\n\nIncreases:-\n- The City of Victoria: $729,943\n- The Hill District: $18,765\n- Shaukiwan, Saiwanho and Quarry Bay: $29,375\n- Hongkong Villages: $54,205\n- Kowloon Point: $51,130\n- Yaumati: $95,940\n- Mongkok tsui: $39,490\n- Hunghom and Hok Un: $27,460\n- Kowloon Villages: $15,570\n- New Territories: $54,391\n- ...: $76,802.50\n\nThe rateable value of the whole Colony amounted to $19,805,920 having increased by $1,109,209.\n\nDuring the period 1913-1922 the assessment of the whole Colony has risen from $12,435,812 to $19,805,929, an increase in rateable value of $7,370,117.\n\nThe circulation on the 31st December of notes of the three Banks having authorised issues was as follows:-\n- Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation: $34,974,774\n- Chartered Bank of India, Australia, & China: $11,239,002\n- Mercantile Bank of India, Limited: $1,364,413\n- Total: $47,578,789\n\nThe balance to the credit on the year's working was $3,728,002 and the assets and liabilities account showed on the 31st December a credit balance of $12,058,642.\n\nThe following is a statement of the revenue and expenditure of the Colony for the five years 1918-1922:\n| Year | Expenditure | Revenue |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1918 | 18,065,248 | 16,252,172 |\n| 1919 | 16,524,075 | 17,915,925 |\n| 1920 | 14,089,673 | 14,489,504 |\n| 1921 | 17,728,132 | 15,739,652 |\n| 1922 | 22,201,065 | 18,503,003 |\n\nThe currency of the Colony consists, in addition to the notes of these Banks, of British, Hongkong, and Mexican Dollars and of subsidiary coin, which continued at par throughout the year.\n\nThe total issue of subsidiary coins less those demonetized, now amounts to $18,789,370 nominal value...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-484 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [1-7].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 500853,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-489 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 565,
        "title": "CO129-489 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "## Works not included in the 1924 Estimates for which Financial Minutes have already been taken.\n\n| F.M. | ITEM. | C.S.O. No. | No. | WORK. | AMOUNT $ |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | 817/18 |  | 559 | Temporary School, Kowloon | 18,000 |\n|  | 202/23 |  |  | Scavenging Coolies Quarters rear of Sanitary Office, Queen's Road East | 90,000 |\n\n## Works not included in the 1924 Estimates for which Votes are required to be taken.\n\n| ITEM. | C.S.O. No. | WORK. | AMOUNT $ |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 8 | 3195/23 | Motor Launch for soundings... | 450 |\n| 3 | 3345/21 | Whitfield Market | 7,000 |\n| 13 | 3944/13 | Installation of Wireless Telephone at Water Police Station and Cheung Chau Island | 3,000 |\n| 3 | 437/14 | Harbour cable removing | 5,000 |\n| 4 | 1100/23 | Installation of Wireless at Waglan Lighthouse and General Post Office | 4,100 |\n| J |  | Land line of Cape D'Aguilar route from Wong-nei-chong Valley to Wong-nei-chong Police Station | 8,000 |\n| 5 | 2808/23 | Erection of Married Quarters over the Garage at Tsim Sha Tsui Police Station | 9,000 |\n|  |  | New cable for the reserve area | 16,000 |\n| 23 | 520/22 | Road connecting Broadwood Road with Wong-nei-chong Gap Road | 26,000 |\n|  | 532/23 | Road from Aberdeen to Deep Water Bay beyond the Paper Mills, Aberdeen | 15,000 |\n| 7 | 9365/04 | Shaukiwan Road widening by Taikoo Dock East Gate | 10,000 |\n| 3333/23 |  | Conduit Road Widening... | 45,000 |\n| 8 | 2 in 20/20 | Surfacing to Shek O Road | 25,000 |\n| 24 | 43/15 | Installation of Wireless Telegraphy receiving gear at Royal Observatory | 2,500 |\n| 9 | 3308/21 | Dogs' Home (Kowloon ?) | 14,000 |\n| 26 | 290/23 | Temporary Magistracy, Kowloon | 12,000 |\n| 10 | 12 in 26/23 | Pier, Blackhead's Point | 25,000 |\n| 32 | 20 in 20/24 | Kowloon Cemeteries, Sexton's Quarters | 10,000 |\n| 11 | 559/24 | Improvement to main road by Railway Bridge North West of Taipo Market | 3,000 |\n| 41 | 8824/04 | Erection of new Beacon Light at Cheung Chau Island, | 10,000 |\n| 12 | 1 in 1414/23 | Filling in large area near Kowloon City | 60,000 |\n| 13 | 30 in 46/23 | Two 2-ton Lorries, New Territories | 16,000 |\n|  |  | **TOTAL** | $328,000 |\n|  |  | **TOTAL** | $140,950 | \n1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-489 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 502484,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-492 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1925 [12] - 1926 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 175,
        "title": "CO129-492 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1925 [12] - 1926 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "Military Expenditure exceeded the estimate by $233,412 due to increase in revenue. Education Department decreased $108,888 on account of unpaid Building Grants.\n\nEXPENDITURE.\n\n5\n\nThe amount of the consolidated loan stands at £1,485,733. Against this there is at credit of the Sinking Fund a sum of £467,442. The Local Loan under Ordinance No. 12 of 1916 amounts to $3,000,000 and there are the sums of $1,444,169 and £103,453 at credit of the Sinking Fund.\n\nA new valuation for Assessment was made for the year commencing 1st July, 1924, resulting as follows:-\n\n  \n    Cadet Service\n    $100,831.47\n    $289,630.18\n  \n  \n    Colonial Secretary's Department and Legislature\n    $69,991.32\n  \n  \n    Secretariat for Chinese Affairs\n    $27,512.96\n  \n  \n    Audit Department\n    $51,592.62\n  \n  \n    Treasury\n    $76,662.66\n  \n  \n    Harbour Master's Department\n    $623,395.92\n  \n  \n    Imports & Exports Department\n    $872,557.69\n  \n  \n    Royal Observatory\n    $52,638.49\n  \n  \n    Miscellaneous Services\n    $1,092,558.10\n  \n  \n    Judicial and Legal Departments\n    $305,286.92\n  \n  \n    Police Department\n    $1,877,948.69\n  \n  \n    Fire Brigade\n    $199,570.25\n  \n  \n    Prison Department\n    $383,362.70\n  \n  \n    Medical Department\n    $502,882.89\n  \n  \n    Sanitary Department\n    $670,945.48\n  \n  \n    Botanical and Forestry Department\n    $86,516.80\n  \n  \n    Education Department\n    $945,642.01\n  \n  \n    Military Expenditure\n    $4,299,887.34\n  \n  \n    Public Works Department\n    $1,184,767.90\n  \n  \n    Do. Recurrent\n    $1,793,968.69\n  \n  \n    Do. Extraordinary\n    $8,112,785.49\n  \n  \n    Post Office\n    $257,573.59\n  \n  \n    Kowloon-Canton Railway\n    $1,329,927.46\n  \n  \n    Charge on Account of Public Debt\n    $941,923.95\n  \n  \n    Pensions\n    $503,929.39\n  \n  \n    Charitable Services\n    $72,137.48\n  \n  \n    TOTAL\n    $26,726,428.44\n  \n\nThe balance to the debit on the year's working was $2,516,788 and the assets and liabilities account showed on the 31st December a credit balance of $13,107,549.29.\n\nThe following is a statement of the revenue and expenditure of the Colony for the five years 1920-1924 :-\n\n  \n    Year\n    Revenue\n    Expenditure\n  \n  \n    1920\n    $14,689,672\n    $14,489,594\n  \n  \n    1921\n    $17,728,132\n    $15,739,652\n  \n  \n    1922\n    $22,291,065\n    $18,563,003\n  \n  \n    1923\n    $24,783,763\n    $21,571,905\n  \n  \n    1924\n    $24,209,640\n    $26,726,428\n  \n\nIncreases :-\n\n  \n    The City of Victoria\n    $387,772\n  \n  \n    The Hill District\n    $47,610\n  \n  \n    Shaukiwan, Saiwanho and Quarry Bay\n    $20,110\n  \n  \n    Hongkong Villages\n    $74,411\n  \n  \n    Kowloon Point\n    $116,380\n  \n  \n    Yaumati\n    $223,615\n  \n  \n    Mongkoktsui\n    $30,655\n  \n  \n    Bunghom and Hok Un\n    $40,540\n  \n  \n    Kowloon Villages\n    $3,344\n  \n  \n    New Territories\n    $143,814\n  \n\nThe rateable value of the whole Colony amounted to $22,147,951 having increased by $1,088,251.\n\nDuring the period 1915-1924 the assessment of the whole Colony has risen from $14,287,285 to $22,147,951, an increase in rateable value of $7,860,666.\n\nThe circulation on the 31st December of notes of the three Banks having authorised issues was as follows:-\n\n  \n    Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation\n    $49,603,461\n  \n  \n    Chartered Bank of India, Australia, & China\n    $11,611,486\n  \n  \n    Mercantile Bank of India, Limited\n    $1,296,455\n  \n  \n    Total\n    $62,511,402\n  \n\nThe currency of the Colony consists, in addition to the notes of these Banks, of British, Hongkong, and Mexican Dollars and of subsidiary coin, which continued at par throughout the year.\n\nThe total issue of subsidiary coins, less those demonetized, now amounts to $17,864,370 nominal value, and they were up to the year 1905 readily absorbed at par, large quantities being taken by the neighbouring provinces of China. During 1916 ten cent pieces of the face value of $5,028,000 were shipped to Calcutta for purposes of demonetization. The discount which prevailed between 1905 and 1916 may be attributed to the immense quantity of similar coin which was minted at Canton as well as to the amount of Hongkong coin minted largely in excess of the needs of the Colony.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-492 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1925 [12] - 1926 [1-5]",
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        "title": "CO129-492 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1925 [12] - 1926 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "- 5 — \n\nMilitary Expenditure exceeded the estimate by $233,412 due to increase in revenue. Education Department decreased $108,888 on account of unpaid Building Grants.\n\nGovernor\n\nCadet Service\n\nThe amount of the consolidated loan stands at £1,485,733. Against this there is at credit of the Sinking Fund a sum of £467,442. The Local Loan under Ordinance No. 12 of 1916 amounts to $3,000,000 and there are the sums of $1,444,169 and £103,453 at credit of the Sinking Fund.\n\nA new valuation for Assessment was made for the year commencing 1st July, 1924, resulting as follows:-**\n\nEXPENDITURE.\n\n6.\n\n  \n    100,831.47\n    289,630.18\n  \n  \n    Colonial Secretary's Department and Legislature\n  \n  \n    69,991.32\n    \n  \n  \n    Secretarial for Chinese Affairs\n  \n  \n    27,512.96\n    \n  \n  \n    Audit Department\n  \n  \n    51,592.62\n    \n  \n  \n    Treasury\n  \n  \n    76,662.66\n    \n  \n  \n    Harbour Master's Department\n  \n  \n    623,395.92\n    \n  \n  \n    Imports & Exports Department\n  \n  \n    872,557.69\n    \n  \n  \n    Royal Observatory\n  \n  \n    52,638.49\n    \n  \n  \n    Miscellaneous Services\n  \n  \n    1,092,558.10\n    \n  \n  \n    Judicial and Legal Departments\n  \n  \n    305,286.92\n    \n  \n  \n    Police Department\n  \n  \n    1,877,948.69\n    \n  \n  \n    Fire Brigade\n  \n  \n    199,570.25\n    \n  \n  \n    Prison Department\n  \n  \n    383,362.70\n    \n  \n  \n    Medical Department\n  \n  \n    502,882.89\n    \n  \n  \n    Sanitary Department\n  \n  \n    670,945.48\n    \n  \n  \n    Botanical and Forestry Department\n  \n  \n    86,516.80\n    \n  \n  \n    Education Department\n  \n  \n    945,642.01\n    \n  \n  \n    Military Expenditure\n  \n  \n    4,299,887.34\n    \n  \n  \n    Public Works Department\n  \n  \n    1,184,787.90\n    \n  \n  \n    Do. Recurrent\n  \n  \n    1,793,988.69\n    \n  \n  \n    Do. Extraordinary\n  \n  \n    8,112,785.49\n    \n  \n  \n    Post Office\n  \n  \n    Kowloon-Canton Railway\n    \n  \n  \n    257,573.59\n    1,329,927.46\n  \n  \n    Charge on Account of Public Debt\n  \n  \n    941,923.95\n    \n  \n  \n    Pensions\n  \n  \n    503,929.39\n    \n  \n  \n    Charitable Services\n  \n  \n    TOTAL\n    72,137.48\n  \n  \n    \n    $26,726,428.44\n  \n\nThe balance to the debit on the year's working was $2,518,788 and the assets and liabilities account showed on the 31st December a credit balance of $13,107,549.29.\n\nThe following is a statement of the revenue and expenditure of the Colony for the five years 1920-1924 :-\n\n  \n    \n    Revenue.\n    $\n    Expenditure.\n    $\n  \n  \n    1920\n    \n    14,689,672\n    \n    14,489,594\n  \n  \n    1921\n    \n    17,728,132\n    \n    15,739,652\n  \n  \n    1922\n    \n    22,291,065\n    \n    18,563,003\n  \n  \n    1923\n    \n    24,783,703\n    \n    21,571,905\n  \n  \n    1924\n    \n    24,209,640\n    \n    26,726,428\n  \n\nIncreases :-\n\nThe City of Victoria $387,772\n\nThe Hill District 47,610\n\nShaukiwan, Saiwanho and Quarry Bay 20,110\n\nHongkong Villages 74,411\n\nKowloon Point 110,380\n\nYaumati 223,615\n\nMongkoktsui 30,655\n\nHunghom and Hok Un 40,540\n\nKowloon Villages 3,344\n\nNew Territories 143,814\n\nThe rateable value of the whole Colony amounted to $22,147,951 having increased by $1,088,251.\n\nDuring the period 1915-1924 the assessment of the whole Colony has risen from $14,287,285 to $22,147,951, an increase in rateable value of $7,880,666.\n\nThe circulation on the 31st December of notes of the three Banks having authorised issues was as follows:-\n\nHongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation $49,603,481\n\nChartered Bank of India, Australia, & China $11,611,486\n\nMercantile Bank of India, Limited $1,290,455\n\n$62,511,402\n\nThe currency of the Colony consists, in addition to the notes of these Banks, of British, Hongkong, and Mexican Dollars and of subsidiary coin, which continued at par throughout the year.\n\nThe total issue of subsidiary coins, less those demonetized, now amounts to $17,864,370 nominal value, and they were up to the year 1905 readily absorbed at par, large quantities being taken by the neighbouring provinces of China. During 1916 ten cent pieces of the face value of $5,028,000 were shipped to Calcutta for purposes of demonetization. The discount which prevailed between 1905 and 1916 may be attributed to the immense quantity of similar coin which was minted at Canton as well as to the amount of Hongkong coin minted largely in excess of the needs of the Colony.\n\nPage 183",
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        "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "(12561) 22008/80 2,000 10/96 M. & S., Ltd., G.P.O. 641\n\nHong Kong\n\n1926.\n\nVOL. 2.\n\n  \n    DESP. NO.\n    DATE\n    SUBJECT\n    Conf. 3rd\n  \n  \n    Jan.\n    Shameen Steamship\n    senna\n    L\n  \n  \n    \n    Palone to China.\n    Sec.\n    del.\n  \n  \n    13\n    A\n    Jet.\n    14th\n  \n  \n    \n    fiat-\n    14th\n    493.\n  \n  \n    \n    See.\n    303.\n    Sec.\n  \n  \n    \n    :\n    Visit of Mt. Col.\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Canton situation.\n    do.\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Lord Willingdon's Mission.\n    Tariff Conference.\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    pla\n    Vacancies\n    D\n  \n  \n    \n    Executive Council.\n    Insurance of Parcel Post agreement with Canada.\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Canton Situation.\n    Situation in China.\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Salaries of the Royal Observatory Staffs.\n    China arms Embargo.\n    \n  \n  \n    Lek. dodd Jul.\n    Lord Willingdon\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Jul.\n    Ford Wellington's Mission.\n    Sec.\n    \n  \n  \n    112\n    vol\n    Bomff the\n    \n  \n  \n    J19.\n    To the\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Proposed railways in E. part of Kwong Tung Province.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Systematic organisation of European Clerical Staff of Starbaus Hasters Dept.\n    Sceff.J\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    sof.\n    372.\n    \n  \n  \n    1315\n    \n    342.3rd\n    \n  \n  \n    Jee.\n    \n    :\n    \n  \n  \n    Jul. 16th\n    \n    346. 28 M\n    \n  \n  \n    Sec.\n    \n    Tel. 31st-\n    \n  \n  \n    Jee.\n    \n    Song\n    \n  \n  \n    _\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    THE\n    \n    101\n  \n  \n    \n    --\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Sanitary Dept.\n    Proposed exchange of land occupied by the \"S.S.S. Home\": Rainstorm, 14 July.\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Borgsalt conference.\n    | Boycott.\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    bauten Situations.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    I cant of land to the Christian Brothers.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Bayroll Conference.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    appl. fecturer & I utor in English. H. H. university.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Canton Siliation,\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Ang Panton Negotiations\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Beagsatt Negotiations\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Canton Negotiations\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Reclamation scheme at North Point.",
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        "page_number": 240,
        "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "239\n\nCHINESE Y.M.C.A.\n\nJuly 15.\n\nThe Men's Swimming Class, for beginners at the Chinese Y.M.C.A. is meeting next Friday night, at 7.30, with an enrolment of 20.\n\nAnother class will begin Monday night, by which time there will be more than 300 school boys taught to swim during the past few weeks in the Association.\n\nIn the first class, they were able to swim across the 20-foot pool in four lessons.\n\nThe Day School closes on Saturday evening at 7.30 for summer holidays.\n\nMr. T. Z. Koo, who is head of the Y.M.C.A. work among University, College and Middle School men in China, passed through the Colony on Saturday, en route to Swatow, to attend the student summer conference.\n\nMr. Koo represented China at the Opium Conference last year, and had ten days' meetings in Hongkong schools during March of this year.\n\nThe Association's bathing parties have begun, the second one to be held this Saturday afternoon.\n\nThe launch will leave the Pottinger Wharf at 3.30, and go to Big Wave Bay.\n\nAbout 60 members went on the first party two weeks ago.\n\nH.K. ANGLING CLUB.\n\nJuly 15.\n\nWe are informed that, weather conditions permitting, a deep sea fishing competition will be held towards the end of this month for members of the Hongkong Angling Club.\n\nFull particulars regarding the exact place of contest and the conditions under which the competition will be held will be announced later.\n\nMembers wishing to take part in the competition are requested to send their names in, as soon as possible, to the Hon. Secretary, Mr. E. B. C. Hornell, care of Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd.\n\nOVERLAND CHINA MAIL\n\nAPPEAL COURT.\n\nJuly 15.\n\nJudgment was reserved at the conclusion of evidence and legal argument yesterday in the Full Court of Appeal case in which the landlord applies for the setting aside of a judgment in the Summary Court under which he was made liable for certain acts alleged to have been committed by his rent collector.\n\nLi Sang, the rent collector, gave evidence and said that the only reason he went to the premises on that day was that information was received that the tenant, who was in arrears with his rent, was moving certain goods away.\n\nMr. Potter, in his final argument, remarked on the fact that the rent collector had gone to the house at 9 o'clock at night, which was hardly consistent with his paying an ordinary call to collect rent.\n\nMr. Potter stated emphatically that there was nothing whatever to show that the rent collector or his agent took away property from the premises.\n\nMAIL ABOUT SWEEPS.\n\nTo the Editor of the \"China Mail.\"\n\nSir—As your turf correspondent, I have been asked to give my views on that interesting local topic, the running of cash sweeps.\n\nFirst of all, I must insist that in no way do I pose as a legal expert.\n\nI merely intend to give a few facts.\n\nOn points pertaining to the law, I crave your readers' indulgence.\n\nThere are many kinds of cash sweeps in the Colony.\n\nSome are of absolutely the highest integrity.\n\nThey are above reproach, even when compared with the most popular in the world.\n\nIt is invidious to quote names, but those who are genuinely interested in the turf and their interests are bona fide, will know the ones I mean.\n\nIn one or two, tickets are not obtainable—it being necessary to sign one's name in a book.\n\nIn the contract (given out to the contractor), it is expressly stated that property other than building material must be returned.\n\nThe intention, of course, being that the Hotel would get back what it owned, while anything belonging to residents would be restored as far as possible.\n\nI have also seen sweeps, run by clubs, in which the \"body corporate\" stood to benefit, but no commission was paid to agents to dispose of tickets.\n\nBy this, I mean that the sweeps which are known to be \"good\" need hardly pay any inducement to sellers.\n\nThe question of commission to sellers also crops up.\n\nI am of the opinion that a cash sweep has a better name in ratio to the lack of commission paid to agents.\n\nHONGKONG HOTEL.\n\nJuly 15.\n\nRumours concerning the finding of valuables in the Hongkong Hotel building, as a sequel to the New Year's Day fire, have proved to be exaggerated.\n\nOn reference to Mr. W. J. Hawker, managing director of Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels, Ltd., a \"China Mail\" representative was informed that only a few trinkets had been recovered.\n\nThey were of small value, and the residents deemed them not worth applying for.\n\nA decision had also to be arrived at as to how many storeys would be rebuilt.\n\nAccordingly, it is impossible to say when the Des Voeux Road corner would be in use again.\n\nQUARANTINE RESTRICTIONS.\n\nQuarantine restrictions have been imposed against arrivals from Yokohama on account of plague.\n\nMURDER CASE.\n\nThe case in which a bricklayer of Aberdeen is charged with the murder of his wife was continued at the Central Magistracy on July 15.\n\nA woman, Todger, gave evidence of overhearing a previous quarrel between the couple—and a scream on the morning of the murder, when defendant was seen to be getting away from the cubicle.\n\nThe case is proceeding.\n\nTWO MOTOR ACCIDENTS.\n\nMotor cars driven by Professor Roffey, of the Hongkong University, and Mr. W. A. Hannibal were involved in a collision on Repulse Bay Road, near Deep Bay, shortly after 7 p.m. yesterday.\n\nOne of the cars received slight damage.\n\nIn another accident on the Shaukiwan Road, a Chinese received injuries to both knees by walking out of the bathing shed at North Point into a car driven by Mr. H. E. Goldsmith.\n\nThe injuries, however, were not serious, and the man refused to go to hospital.\n\nJUNK PIRACY.\n\nJuly 15.\n\nThe case in which three men were charged with the piracy of a fishing junk of Lantau Island on May 29 concluded at the Central Magistracy yesterday before Mr. R. E. Lindsell.\n\nIt was stated at the first hearing that three women occupants of the junk were pushed overboard.\n\nThe men were not charged with murder, as none of the bodies had been recovered.\n\nA small boy, the only survivor, who escaped by swimming ashore, identified some of the defendants.\n\nAll the defendants implicated each other yesterday, while a fourth man, not in custody, was stated to have forced one of them to take part in the attack.\n\nThe second defendant said that if the small boy still implicated him in the piracy and murder, he must ask the boy to do so on oath.\n\nFIRE AT SEA.\n\nLOSS OF A FRENCH STEAMER.\n\nBOUND FOR CHINA.\n\nDjibouti, July 14.\n\nThe Messageries Maritimes mail boat Fontainebleau, bound for Ceylon, the Straits Settlements, China, and Japan, has been destroyed by fire.\n\nThe passengers and crew, and a small part of the cargo, have been saved.\n\nThe mail sacks have been lost.\n\nReuter.\n\nA cable has also been received intimating that the passengers had been landed at Djibouti.\n\nFurther news is awaited by way of Saigon-Shanghai-Hongkong.\n\nCAFE INCIDENT.\n\nJuly 15.\n\nArising out of an incident, which occurred at the Cafe Restaurant Parisien in Pedder Building last night, Mr. L. G. Taylor, the manager, was charged before Mr. R. E. Lindsell at the Central Magistracy this morning with \"disorderly conduct.\"\n\nHis Worship adjourned the case until Monday morning, remarking that he understood further proceedings were pending.\n\nDAYLIGHT ROBBERY.\n\nJuly 15.\n\nWhile Mrs. Grantham, of Queen's Gardens, was walking in Des Voeux Road, near the Sincere Company, at noon yesterday, a Chinese snatched a silk bag she was carrying in her hand and made his escape.\n\nThe bag, valued at $20, contained, in addition to a few articles, a sum of $18 in money.\n\nA report of the loss was subsequently made to the police.\n\nFRANCE'S DAY.\n\nJuly 15.\n\nLast night, a large crowd gathered at the Cafe Restaurant Parisien to celebrate in fitting style the 14th of July.\n\nThe Cafe was tastefully decorated with the flags of the different countries, and the tables were decorated with red, white, and blue bunting.\n\nAll kinds of novelties were presented, such as horns, caps, false faces, streamers, and confetti, and about closing time, the Cafe took on a real carnival aspect.\n\nA very fine dinner was served, and Syncopators at their best, everybody seemed to enjoy himself immensely.\n\nCADET SHIPS' VISIT.\n\nJuly 15.\n\nH.E. the Governor and civil, military, and naval officials were entertained last night at the Hongkong Hotel in connection with the visit of the two Japanese training ships, the \"Yakumo\" and \"Izumo.\"\n\nThe host was the Japanese Consul-General, Mr. Y. Murakami.\n\nThe toast of H.M. the King was submitted by the Japanese Consul-General, and H.E. the Governor proposed the toast of H.M. the Emperor of Japan.\n\nTO-DAY'S SALUTES.\n\nJuly 15.\n\nThe \"Hai Yung,\" under orders from the Chinese Government, arrived in Hongkong.\n\nShe saluted \"the country,\" and a reply was sent from Blackhead's signal station.\n\nSalutes were also interchanged with the Commodore, the Japanese Naval Imperial training squadron, and the U.S.S. \"Helena.\"\n\nPRATAS ISLAND.\n\nWith the typhoon season having practically started, even the layman and the landlubber will turn their attention to Pratas, that spot 180 miles to the south of Hongkong, from which meteorological reports are broadcasted.\n\nThe Chinese Admiralty has erected a station, with wireless, on Pratas Island.\n\nBy reason of its position, being in the track of the majority of typhoons which come up this way—Pratas is of great importance.\n\nIt is, of course, a part of Chinese territory.\n\nA trip was suggested on which the Director of the Royal Observatory, Hongkong (Mr. T. F. Claxton) was to have gone down to Pratas on a visit, as a guest of the Chinese superintendent, Mr. C. W. Hsu.\n\nAnother name mentioned was that of Mr. E. W. Carpenter, Assistant Public Works.\n\nPage 240\n\nPage 241",
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        "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "FORGED NOTES.\n\nJuly 16. Before Major C. Willson at the Central Magistracy yesterday, a Chinese timber merchant was charged with being in possession of three forged ten-dollar bank notes.\n\nEvidence was given of defendant's arrests with the notes in his possession when about to board the 3.8, \"Kinshan\" for Macao.\n\nMr. M. K. Lo, who appeared for the defence, said that the notes were given to the defendant by a friend in Canton. On his arrival in Hongkong defendant found that the notes were forged and decided to take them back to Canton. Mr. Lo submitted that there had been no intention of uttering the notes in Hongkong.\n\nHis Worship held there was a grave doubt in the case and discharged the defendant.\n\nCALIFORNIA COLLEGIANS.\n\nJuly 15 Brick Morse's California Collegiana, formerly the University of California Glee Club, boasts an exceedingly talented soloist in Mr. Clyde Diddle, a senior at the University and President of the organisation. He has been with the club for four years, and has made a trip to the Orient, to Alaska, through Canada, and to Europe, on each of which trips his work as bass soloist has been highly contributive to the success of the club.\n\n\"Ve Mas-\n\nDiddle, when interviewed said, \"In my opinion the programmes which we are presenting now are of the highest calibre possible. We have always presented numbers which have been good, but as we have gained experience, and guided by our friend and leader, C. R. Marae, we have reached a state now of which we can boast,\" ranging all of the way from Dvorak's \"Largo,\" from the New World Symphony, to soft shoe dancing by \"Sta\" and \"Monk\".\n\nDiddle's mellow voice can hardly be described. It is one thing that we cannot tell you all about. But one which you will still be talking about when you leave the theatre. His singing has been in popular demand around San Francisco this last year. You'll be thrilled if you hear him at the Theatre Royal on July 19 and 21.\n\nAt the Kowloon Magistracy on July 16, a Chinese was sentenced to two weeks' imprisonment for loitering about in the vicinity of the Observatory early on Wednesday morning and creating a disturbance.\n\nOVERLAND CHINA MAIL\n\n1\n\nTHIEF CAUGHT.\n\nJuly 16,\n\n\"That was a smart piece of work,\" remarked Major C. Willson at the Central Magistracy this morning when he was told that Mr. B. A. Hyder had caught a Chinese who was charged with the larceny of $20 from an old man at Des Voeux Road near the Wing On Company, yesterday forenoon.\n\nIt was stated by Inspector Spear that the defendant extracted the money from complainant's pocket and was seized by the owner. Defendant broke away by discarding the money and escaped in the direction of the Wing Lok Street wharf where he was caught.\n\nMr. Hyder's attention was drawn to the runaway by a whistle blown by the conductor of a passing tram car. He said that he ran down a side lane leading into Connaught Road anticipating that the man would come that way and got him just in time.\n\nDefendant was sent to prison with hard labour for three months.\n\nSTOLEN UMBRELLA?\n\nJuly 16.\n\nUnlawful possession of umbrella was the charge against a ricksha coolie before Mr. R. E. Lindsell at the Central Magistracy this morning.\n\nThe article was believed to have been stolen, although the owner was not found. Divisional Inspector Blackman said that defendant was seen in Tal Wong Street carrying the umbrella and was arrested on suspicion by a constable.\n\nDefendant said he paid 40 cents for the umbrella and intended making a present of it to his wife.\n\nHis Worship: I see you are a perfect husband. Three weeks hard labour.\n\nThis summer throughout Hongkong there will be ten Vacation Bible Schools conducted by local Chinese Christians, beginning July 19. More than 1,500 children are expected to attend. These Vacation Schools continue for one month. They are under the direction of Mr. Chang King-suen, of the Chinese YMCA.\n\nThe recent murder of an office boy at Connaught Road Central was again mentioned at the Central Magistracy this morning when the alleged assailant, another office boy who was caught and brought back from Macao, was brought before Mr. R. E. Lindsell. The case was fixed for hearing on Thursday next.\n\nMORE RED TAPE.\n\nFor the first time in three years as far as the \"China Mail\" is concerned the weather forecast for the first part of the week-end cannot be given owing to Government blunder, or red tape, or both.\n\nHitherto the \"China Mail\" has given the forecast on Saturdays, the same being obtained by telephone to cope with printing hours.\n\nBecause the No. 1 typhoon signal was hoisted, the Kowloon clerk-in-charge said that we must refer to the manager. The manager ultimately told us that the Government had supplied them with a list of people who may ring up the Observatory when the typhoon signal is up. The \"China Mail\" is not on that list.\n\nReaders who are in two minds as to picnics, recreation, excursions, sailings, cargo-working, business &c. will have to remain in the dark.\n\nThe reason for this withholding of vital information from the public must be made known.\n\nNo. 2998.—July 22, 1926.\n\nMOTOR ACCIDENTS.\n\nJuly 17.\n\nDivisional Inspector Peter Grant, of No. 7 Police Station, West Point, met with an accident while driving a motor cycle combination in Bonham Road shortly after noon yesterday.\n\nIn taking the turn near the Ying Wah College, the side car raised. The machine skidded and collided with a Hongkong Hotel motor bus which was just then coming round the corner.\n\nThe Inspector escaped with slight injury to his left knee, but he was able to get about this morning. Damage to the motor cycle was small, but the body of the motor bus had the paint work scraped off and the head lights were also damaged.\n\nStubbs Road Collision. Another accident occurred at Stubbs Road yesterday forenoon while Miss Stewart, of the Repulse Bay Hotel, was driving a motor car, but the occupants escaped injury.\n\nMiss Stewart's car collided with another car coming in the opposite direction and was slightly damaged.\n\nVOLUNTEER ORDERS.\n\nThe following is taken on the strength on July 12, 1926, and posted to the Reserve Company.\n\nNo. 1064 Pte. H. West,\n\nResignations.\n\nThe following are permitted to resign from the Corps:-\n\nNo. 827 Pte. W. D. Goodfellow, M.C. Reserve Company dated June 30, 1926.\n\nNo. 826 Pte. J. M. Walker, Reserve Company dated July 22, 1926.\n\nNo. 909 Pte. J. I. Litton, A. C. Company dated June 10, 1926.\n\nNo. 702 Pte. G. S. Hugh-Jones, Engineer Company dated June 16, 1926.\n\nStruck Off.\n\nThe following having left the Colony are struck off the strength, as from May 1, 1926.\n\nNo. 576 Pte. H. E. Hollanda, Armoured Car Company.\n\nNo. 967 Pte. J. F. Caldas, No. 4 Platoon.\n\nNo. 828 Pte. G. H. Gibson, Reserve Company.\n\nMiss Irene Frank and Dr. Ralph Gill were united in marriage at the home of Mr. and Mrs. L. K. Graham in Shanghai on Saturday afternoon, July 8. Mr. Drury officiated. Dr. and Mrs. Gill left for Singapore where they will establish their home. Mrs. Gill taught in the American School for one year and was a member of the church. Dr. Gill established a practice in Hongkong as a dentist.\n\nSCOUTS' WORK.\n\nNo. 6 Hongkong (Ellis Kadoorie School) Troop of Boy Scouts gathered at the School hall at Sookumpoo on Friday to welcome Sir Henry Gollan, the Chief Justice, who has shown a keen interest in the movement by presenting a challenge cup for inter-patrol competition annually.\n\nIn the awarding of the cup to the winning patrol, special attention will be paid to efficiency, attendance and conduct.\n\nOVERLAND CHINA MAIL\n\nCHINA PROVIDENT.\n\n241\n\nIn accordance with the Articles of Association the Very Rev. F. L. Robert, Messrs. H. P. White, T. G. Weall, Lee Koon-san and W. J. Hawker retire, and are eligible for re-election.\n\nA net deficit of just over two million dollars is the result of last year's working of the China Provident, Loan and Mortgage Co., Ltd., as shown by the books of the Company.\n\nSome months ago, an extraordinary meeting was convened at which a committee of six shareholders was appointed to investigate, with technical assistance, the financial position of the company, following some sensational disclosures.\n\nThe annual general meeting has been fixed for July 22, date, the report for the year ended December 31, 1925, will be presented, together with the statement of accounts.\n\nActual Profit.\n\nThe actual result of the year's working shows a profit of $46,125.57, plus $200,000 transferred back from Reserve, giving a credit balance of $246,125.57.\n\nThe party, which consisted of the following:- Hon. Mr. A. E. Wood (Director of Education), Mr. F. I. de Rome (Headmaster), the Rev. G. T. Waldegrave (Scout Commissioner), Scoutmaster T. K. S. Leung, Assistant Scoutmaster Yu, and masters of the School, adjourned with Sir Henry to the hall where the Scouts gave a display in signalling and ambulance work.\n\nMr. de Rome thanked Sir Henry Gollan for his attendance and interest in the Troop and spoke to the Scouts on the value of maintaining the efficiency of the Troop.\n\nSir Henry Gollan then addressed the gathering and presented the challenge cup. This was followed by a short speech by the Scoutmaster. The Scout Commissioner in a speech traced the history of the Troop, which was a good one, and commented on the Scout movement which was not only local but world-wide.\n\nThe various speeches were interpreted by Mr. K. S. Lam, who has just retired from the Scoutmastership of the Troop after several years' good service.\n\nCheers were then called for and the gathering dispersed after the singing of the British and Chinese national anthems.\n\nIt is notified in the Government Gazette with reference to the Vicar Apostolic Incorporation Ordinance, 1885, Ordinance No. 4 of 1885, and to Government Notification No. 118 of 1924, that the Right Reverend Henry Paschal Valtorta, Bishop of Lera, is now Vicar Apostolic of The Roman Catholic Church in this Colony.\n\nAuditors.\n\nThe accounts have been audited by Messrs. Linstead and Davis and Messrs. Percy Smith, Seth and Fleming who are eligible for re-election.\n\nNotice has been lodged with the Company, by certain shareholders, that it is their intention to propose the election of Messrs. Lowe, Pingham and Matthews as auditors for the current year.\n\nAUDITORS' REPORT.\n\nThe report states:-\n\nWe beg to report to the shareholders that we have audited the foregoing balance sheet with the books, documents and vouchers of the Company.\n\nA snapshot taken at the recent motor-cycle and pony gymkhana, promoted by the Mounted Section and Armoured Car Companies of the Volunteer Defence Corps. Above are seen the Mounted Infantry taking up their positions for the tent-pegging.\n\nALLEGED ASSAULT.\n\nJuly 17. Complaints of the behaviour of certain people in the Happy Valley district which had led to disagreeable circumstances were referred to at the Central Magistracy yesterday when A. H. Hartman, of 11 Tai Wong Street, Wanchai, and H. M. Ismail, of 13 Sharp Street, were charged with assaulting two Chinese ladies.\n\nThe incidents deposed to took place on July 7 as the two Chinese ladies were walking back from the path leading to the Monument having accompanied their mother part of the way home after her visit to them at their home in Leighton Hill.\n\nThree road cyclists were alleged to have been involved in the assault which consisted of catching hold of the ladies as they passed and squeezing them.\n\nIn response to the girls' screams, it was stated, the brother of one of the ladies appeared on the scene and knocked one of the cyclists from his machine. A Chinese constable also made an appearance.\n\nThe shop from which the cycles were hired was communicated with and it was stated that the three men who had taken the cycles had erased their names. A clerk of the cycle shop was called to give evidence and he stated that it was the second defendant who had erased the names.\n\nAfter making the following adjustments, which are considered necessary:\n\nWrite off Property ... $895,539.02\n\nWrite off Investment Account ... 144,951.54\n\nTransfer to Reserve for Bad and Doubtful Loans ... 1,123,680.48\n\nTransfer to Reserve for Bad and Doubtful Debts ... 26,106.98\n\nTransfer to General Reserve ... 161,736.83\n\n$2,351,015.66 The result a debit balance of $2,107,790.09, plus $18,925.50 brought forward from last year, has leaving a nett deficit of $2,086,864.50.\n\nHis Excellency the Governor has appointed provisionally and subject to His Majesty's pleasure, the Hon. Mr. Dallas Gerald Mercer Bernard to be an Unofficial Member of the Executive Council during the absence from the Colony of the Hon. Sir Edward Pollock, K.C., with effect from July 10.\n\nConsulting Committee.\n\nHis Excellency the Governor in Council has directed that the name of Mr. Frederick Lanchester Foster-Turner be added to the List of authorised architects.\n\nWe have not seen satisfactory vouchers in respect of the sum of $112,946, under the heading of work expenses made during the strike.\n\nIt appears to us that owing to the late allotment of certain shares, the dividend for the year 1924 was incorrectly paid, involving a small loss to the Company.\n\nUnder section 90 of the Public Health and Buildings Ordinance, 1903, His Excellency the Governor in Council has ordered that the Chinese Cemetery, Mesara, J. H. Taggart and T. de Christian Meester retired from Kowloon Tong, known as New Kowloon Inland Lot No. 18, shall be closed from and after August 1, 1926.\n\nMr. W. J. Hawker was invited to join the Committee in place of Mr. J. H. Taggart.\n\nSubject to the above remarks, in our opinion, the foregoing balance sheet is properly drawn up as to exhibit a true and correct view of the state of the Company's affairs.",
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        "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "247\n\n22\n\nOVERLAND CHINA MAIL\n\nRECORD HONGKONG DELUGE.\n\nJuly 19.\n\nIf not the greatest in mere figures, then the most destructive deluge of Hongkong's history has wrought indescribable damage and confusion in all parts of the Colony.\n\nIn the short space of time, it is impossible to give a rough estimate of the loss in money. The havoc will take time, men and cash to repair. But worse still, lives have been lost as a result of the furious rainstorm which started last night and has not ended this afternoon. Details given below tell of the wide scope of the damage.\n\nOn older residents, the point which had caused the highest impression was the period during which thunder, lightning, and rain came by the bucketful without a moment's break.\n\nIt must be an unusual phenomenon for Hongkong to be practically alight for more than half an hour before 4 a.m. The peals of thunder which chased each other across the heavens portended ill for the Colony this morning, the effects being described below.\n\nMuch time will elapse before order is restored throughout the Colony.\n\nFrom the earliest hours, the Police, Fire Brigade, Public Works Department, Sanitary Department, and other authorities were out in rescue and rehabilitation parties, but the comparatively small number available made but little headway against the storm.\n\nThe previous best, for an hour of rainfall in Hongkong, was 3.480 inches which fell in one hour on July 15, 1886. Between 3:30 and 4:30 this morning, the rain-gauge at the Royal Observatory, Kowloon, recorded 3.965 inches.\n\nCherra Punji in the Khasi Hills, Assam (India) has 464 inches a year (this average extending over 33 years). In July there, the wettest month, they have 30 inches a day for five successive days, and a mean of 115 inches (equal to our total for a year) for this month.\n\nThe Storm.\n\nThe storm itself, as regards its duration and the force of the claps (there was barely a second between the flash and report), is generally recognised as the worst Hongkong has ever experienced.\n\nCAUSE OF DELUGE.\n\nAlthough the week-end typhoon—the first of the current season—did not actually visit Hongkong, it is the direct cause of this morning's complete deluge.\n\nThat typhoon went inland about 80 miles to the East of Hongkong, near Swatow. Then it stopped and started to \"fill-up.\"\n\nLATEST FIGURES.\n\nBetween midnight last night and 1 p.m. today, 20.79 inches of rain were recorded at the Observatory.\n\nFrom 10 a.m. yesterday to 10 a.m. today, the figures are 21.44 inches.\n\nWeather forecast till noon to-morrow: South-west winds, fresh; overcast, rain.\n\nBy doing so, it became a little area of intense depression, with considerable effect on atmospheric circulation. The result is all this weather upheaval, thunderstorms, and abnormal rains.\n\nNEW RECORDS.\n\nNearly 4 Inches An Hour.\n\nWhen the thunder was continuous, the Observatory recorded a new record for any 24 hours (or, strictly speaking, a civil day).\n\nA civil day is from midnight to 12 midnight. The highest in the books for any day in the month of July is 13.480 inches, for the 15th of that month, in the year 1886. From midnight last night till 9 this morning, the Observatory had already registered 19.155 inches of rain.\n\nImpressive Figures.\n\nStill, the old brigade hold a few records which the majority of residents will be well content to leave to them. There are a good many hours to go before midnight to-night, when 24 hours will have been completed. By then, the experts expect that we shall have left everything behind and set up a new best.\n\nFor a civil day (midnight to midnight) Hongkong's best is 20.496 inches on May 30, 1889.\n\nFor any period of 24 consecutive hours, the best is 27.44 inches, being from 6 a.m. on May 29, 1889, to 6 a.m. on May 30, 1889.\n\nHongkong Well-off!\n\nFOUR BODIES.\n\nThe Fire Brigade were out early to assist in rescue work at the No. 3 pumping station, near the University.\n\nA portion of the building collapsed and several men went under. Two bodies were dug out from the debris. Four others were rescued and sent to hospital.\n\nNo. 3 pumping station is on Pokfulam Road, just beyond the medical buildings of the University.\n\nLater. A large boulder was unloosened from the hillside and crashed on the station. Four bodies have been found.\n\nMORNING \"TREK.\"\n\nUnprecedented scenes were witnessed in the city and all parts of the Colony this morning when, in their morning \"trek\" to the office, business people tried by-ways and devious routes to find that, in practically every instance, the only solution was to wade several feet deep in water.\n\nThe rivers of water pouring over roads and tracks put a stop to the Peak tram service, lower level trams, buses, taxis, etc.\n\nFording the Streams.\n\nThe \"trek\" which set in down the old Peak road and all routes from the outskirts to the city must have been, on a miniature scale, something like the condition of affairs at Home during the general strike.\n\nKowloonites came off comparatively well considering. Many of the older buses were \"stuck\" in Yaumati and other places, and the service was very limited, rendering necessary something like a twenty minutes' wait at the stopping places for would-be travellers.\n\nThe \"Star\" ferry service continued as usual, but Yaumati suffered very badly from inundation, and the ferry service there was temporarily suspended.\n\nSlimy, Yellow Rivers.\n\nArrived at the \"Star\" ferry wharf (Hongkong side), the troubles began in real earnest. The sandy waterfall over the Praya wall was sufficient indication of what they had to face, and the streams of water traversing Pavement and road in every direction confirmed their apprehensions.\n\nDes Voeux Road, Queen's Road, Ice House Street, Chater Road, and Pedder Street were feet deep in water. Many shops were flooded out.\n\nWATER RATIONS.\n\nOwing to the damage to the No. 3 pumping station, which completely cut off all supplies for the time being to Robinson Road, Conduit Road, and the Peak districts, it is essential that even for cooking purposes, only the minimum quantity of water should be used.\n\nAs far as possible, residents in those districts must temporarily cease using water for bathrooms, &c. Every endeavour should be made to use spring or rain water for washing and general purposes. All water should be boiled.\n\nWyndham Street Rapids.\n\nDue, apparently, to a water main burst, masses of road surface had been torn up in Pedder Street, near the Hongkong Hotel entrance, and parts of the hoarding used in connection with the re-construction were lying helplessly in the water.\n\nSeveral landslides are reported from different localities, and a part of the old Peak Road below Barker Road has been washed away.\n\nA subsidence also occurred further down Lower Albert Road.\n\nSTREET BURSTS UP.\n\nThe queer experience of a street bursting up is reported from the Wanchai district.\n\nWyndham Street presented a remarkable spectacle, water descending the road and pavements early this morning with the force of rapids.\n\nSpring Garden Lane became a canal, connecting Queen's Road with Praya East.\n\nCaine Road and Bonham Road were impassable to motor traffic during the early part of the morning.\n\nPEAK TRAM DAMAGE.\n\nWhen will the Peak trams be running again, inquired a \"China Mail\" reporter of Mr. Henry Humphreys, chairman of the company, who replied \"Not for 24 hours at least, possibly more.\"\n\nThe worst damage is at Kennedy Road, where tons and tons of earth have fallen over the track.\n\nMr. Humphreys is informed by his technical experts that it will take a full day to remove the debris and repair the damage.\n\nQUEEN'S ROAD SCENES.\n\nOnce again Queen's Road Central has suffered untold damage, especially the shops on the south side which are so much lower than the road level.\n\nHitherto so-called \"water gates\" had proved effective, but the invading elements beat everything. Muddy water swarmed up show-cases and stands.\n\nPedestrians who wore storm boots found it almost impossible to walk through as their feet became entangled in inches of slush.\n\nSTRUCK BY LIGHTNING.\n\nThe house in which is the P. & O. Mess at Mountain View was struck by lightning, the coping of the south-west corner being carried away and the telephone and electric lighting system being put out of order.\n\nA resident in another district of the Peak also had a scare, being surrounded by smoke and fumes thought to be due to lightning striking something.\n\nNear Naval Hospital.\n\nA landslide occurred at the junction of Stubbs Road and Magazine Gap Road, closing it to motor traffic.\n\nCRACKER FACTORY BLAZE.\n\nPeople living in the Ma Tau Kok district, Kowloon City Road, were started early this morning by an explosion even louder than the terrific thunder claps.\n\nThis was caused by the striking by lightning of a large godown in which the products of the Kwang Man Loong Cracker factory are stored.\n\nSWIM TO ASSISTANCE.\n\nBluejackets armed with shovels, picks, axes, and other tools were busy at the Naval Yard trying to clear the choked drains which blocked water from the direction of Seven and Six Penny Hill and flooded the yard and the residential quarters.\n\nIn the early morning, several had to swim across in order to render assistance.\n\nTOMMIES TURN OUT.\n\nThe garden at Murray Barracks was almost swept away and destroyed. Half of the railings on that portion of Queen's Road was taken away with the cement pillars and placed across the road.\n\nMen of the Surrey Regiment were busy clearing the earth here.\n\nNews came through at about 11:30 that there had been a house collapse at Cross Street, near the No. 2 Police Station.\n\nFire Engine Stuck.\n\nThe engine got stuck in the mud opposite the Murray Barracks, and the Surreys men had to surrender their implements to the fire party to get the engine out.\n\nIn the morning, another fire was observed in Queen's Road East, near the Grand Theatre.\n\nCrowds were busy collecting what they could get from the Kowloon Fire Brigade.\n\nPage 23\n\n[No. 2998. July 22, 1926.]\n\nOVERLAND CHINA MAIL",
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        "page_number": 74,
        "title": "CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10]",
        "content_text": "# COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE ESTIMATED AND ACTUAL\n\n## Heads and Sub-Heads.\n\n  \n    Estimated.\n    Actual.\n    Increase.\n    Decrease.\n    Provisionally Voted.\n    Explanatory Remarks.\n  \n  \n    Brought forward.......................\n    2,903,975\n    2,346,621.40\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    $ 27,855.95\n    584,709.55\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    ## ROYAL OBSERVATORY :—\n  \n  \n    Personal Emoluments\n    87,081\n    30,903.55\n    \n    \n    Lapsing salaries.\n  \n  \n    Books and Postage\n    150\n    132.06\n    \n    717.45 17.04\n    \n  \n  \n    Electric Light and Power\n    500\n    508.18\n    \n    3.18\n    \n  \n  \n    Gus.....\n    10X\n    99.44\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Incidental Expenses...\n    120\n    70.99\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Laboratory Expenses\n    {X00\n    814.60)\n    50\n    48.01 83.40\n    \n  \n  \n    Printing and distribution of Meteorological Bulletin\n    3,300\n    2,922.75\n    \n    377.25\n    Printing of evening weather report discontinued from 12th September\n  \n  \n    Transport\n    100\n    80.46\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Maintenance of Time Service\n    150\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Meterological Telegrams...\n    101.88 · 851.50\n    \n    10.54 49.02\n    851.50\n    Vote taken in July but expenditure for five months only brought to account\n  \n  \n    \n    2,000.00:\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    ## Special Expenditure.\n  \n  \n    Magnetic instruments\n    8,000\n    50,401\n    \n    \n    Instruments ordered but not received.\n  \n  \n    \n    8,000.00\n    \n    41,955.51\n    854.68\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Less Increase.......\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    9,800.17 854.68\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    8,445.49\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    4,000.00\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    6,000.00\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    ## MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES;\n  \n  \n    Bathing Places, North Point, Kennedy Town, and Stonecutter's Island\n    10,500\n    9,117.24\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    British Empire Exhibition\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    The Continuance of the Exhibition in 1925 was not anticipated when the estimates were made up\n  \n  \n    Bonuses for Interpreters and Translators...\n    1,000\n    1,382.70\n    \n    1,000.00\n    No bonus paid.\n  \n  \n    Bungalows Committee, Caretakers\n    240\n    \n    \n    240.00\n    \n  \n  \n    Coal for Offices.......\n    2,000\n    205,197.38\n    \n    1,064.54\n    Milder winter.\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    205,197,58\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    £25,000.0.0\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Crown Agents' Commission\n    7,500\n    12,678.04\n    \n    5,178.64\n    More commission paid during the year.\n  \n  \n    Entertainment of Foreign Sailors\n    20,000\n    395.46\n    \n    20,000.00\n    Over-estimated.\n  \n  \n    \n    6,100.00\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Furniture for Government Offices and Quarters...\n    55,500\n    59,193.86\n    \n    3,633.30\n    More furniture.\n  \n  \n    Geological Survey of Colony\n    14,000\n    10,831.20\n    \n    3,108.80\n    Over-estimated.\n  \n  \n    Grants in aid of Scientific Institutions :—\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    British Empire Leprosy Association, London (£100)\n    889\n    842.11\n    \n    46.89\n    Higher exchange.\n  \n  \n    British Engineering Standards Association, (£15)\n    134\n    132.11\n    \n    1.89\n    \n  \n  \n    Cancer Research Fund, (£80)..\n    267\n    257.14\n    \n    9.86\n    Do.\n  \n  \n    Colonial Advisory Medical and Sanitary Committee. (£25)\n    223\n    78.84\n    \n    149.16\n    Do.\n  \n  \n    Imperial Bureau of Entomology, London (£300)\n    2,087\n    2,520.82\n    140.08\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Imperial Bureau of Mycology, Lorton (£173)\n    607\n    631.58\n    \n    85.42\n    Do.\n  \n  \n    Institution of Civil Engineers ; Committee on Deterioration of Structures exposed to Sea Action (£50).\n    445\n    432.43\n    \n    12.57\n    \n  \n  \n    London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine, (£100)\n    889\n    842.11\n    \n    46.89\n    Do.\n  \n  \n    Tropical Diseases Research Fund, (£100)\n    \n    857.14\n    \n    81.80\n    \n  \n  \n    Tropical Diseases Bureau, London, (£900)\n    2,087\n    2,571.48\n    \n    95.57\n    Do.\n  \n  \n    Carried forward\n    120,477\n    308,028.77\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Carried forward.\n    2,954,376\n    2,388,576.91\n    214,009.58\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    28,210.68\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    26,457.61\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    £25,000.0.0\n    594,009.72\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    12,700.00\n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nPage 11",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10].txt",
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    {
        "id": 504407,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 277,
        "title": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "into the switchboard sections is employed. At the Peak and Kowloon Exchanges carbon filament lamps are used. On the small Automatic Exchange at the North Point Electricity Works a Calcium Chloride plant is employed.\n\n268\n\n(10). In modern practice in large exchanges in situations where high humidities coincident with high temperatures are experienced it is now usual to install dehumidifying plants consisting of refrigerating, washing, and heating units by means of which all the air admitted to the switch and power rooms is treated. A proportion of the moisture in the air is deposited by refrigeration. The air is then heated to a suitable degree and circulated to the rooms. A plant of this kind has been provided at Penang in connection with a New C.B. Manual Exchange installed recently. In Australia and in New Zealand plants of somewhat similar character have been provided at a number of Exchanges and excellent results are being obtained from them. To protect the plant the relative humidity in the exchange rooms should not exceed 70% at a temperature of 70 to 75 degrees Fahr.\n\n(11). From temperature and humidity records which Mr. Claxton, the Director of the Royal Observatory, has been good enough to furnish me with I find that during the summer months temperatures ranging from 80 to 90 degrees Fahr. with relative humidities of 80% to 95% prevail and for considerable periods there is but little variation in the atmospheric conditions throughout the 24 hours of each day. Under these conditions and with the experience already gained on the existing Magneto exchanges I consider it essential that dehumidifying plants of the type above described should be installed at the new Victoria and the Kowloon Exchanges referred to hereafter.\n\nComparison of Common Battery Manual and Automatic Systems.\n\n(12). The C.B. Manual superseded the Magneto in large exchanges...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 511407,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927",
        "page_number": 13,
        "title": "CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927",
        "content_text": "Hon: D.P.W.,\n\n25\n\n13\n\nWith reference to the letter of July 8th from the Under Secretary of State for Colonies enclosing a letter from War Office asking for certain information, I herewith forward same:-\n\n(1) The Co-ordinates for additional stations asked for: see List \"B\" attached.\n\nThe Officer in Charge 2nd Colonial Survey Section had full access to all records and the values of the points now forwarded could have been obtained (They are in the same book from which the co-ordinates given in list marked \"A\" were taken).\n\nAll available information was handed to him and these points together with much other information appears to have been omitted from the records collected by him.\n\nThe following stations do not now exist:-\n\n42. Collinson Base (South) New Country Club House built over the site.\n\n48. West Point Demolished.\n\n52. East Battery Demolished.\n\n59. Ma Tau Wei Demolished by Land slide.\n\n62. Ngau Shi Wan (West) Demolished, owing to new reclamation work.\n\n(2) The figures for these stations have been checked and reviewed. See (7) List \"A\"; also station (100) List \"B\".\n\n(3) In 1925 the Royal Observatory, Kowloon, made a correction of -0.51\" time for Longitude. This information was published in the Government Gazette and all the local papers, and it is presumed that the Officer in Charge No.2 Colonial Survey Section took a note of this, and also a note which appears in red ink in the book from which the information on",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 511408,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927",
        "page_number": 14,
        "title": "CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927",
        "content_text": "14\n\nen list \"A\" was obtained to the effect that all stations therein required a correction of +1.04\" for Lat. in addition.\n\nThe figures quoted viz. Lat. 22° 18' 13.20\" Long. 114° 10' 18.75\" 9490.38 N. 9772.87 E. are correct and with the corrections mentioned, the co-ordinates of the points in list \"A\" and \"B\" are in sympathy with them.\n\n(b) Point 43, the Lat. should read 22° 17′ 21.15′′ and Point 44, Lat. should read 22° 17' 28.50\", but require the necessary corrections.\n\nThese are obviously clerical errors made by the person who copied the information from the records.\n\nList \"A\" has been checked and clerical errors noted in red but the necessary corrections must be made to the whole of the Geographical Co-ordinates.\n\nsee usta.\n\n(4) The co-ordinates of Mt. Senhouse with corrections are as follows:- Lat. 22° 11' 35.59\" Long.E.114° 10' 30.42\" 30633.53 S. 6033.26 W. and are dependent upon Kowloon Observatory viz. Lat. 22° 18' 13.20\" Long. 114° 10' 18.75\".\n\n(5) This point has not been overlooked and the importance of same is realized, some of the stations have already been made permanent, the remainder have yet to be done. This work will be carried out as opportunity occurs.\n\n(6) See (7) List \"A\" for Tai Mo Shan, # \"A\" ti Peak. # (100) \" \"B\" 11 Shataukok. Huite chamand Cabled fagine checked. a copy\n\n(7) An additional book is now in course of compilation, of which will be forwarded to War Office when completed. This will contain the full data asked for in this paragraph and any additions that may be thought useful, but I would like to again draw attention to the fact that all the information was available to the Officer in",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 511441,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927",
        "page_number": 47,
        "title": "CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927",
        "content_text": "47\n\nIt is understood that new final values for this point are now computed and it is requested that the new figures for both Geographical and Rectangular co-ordinates shall be submitted please.\n\n(N.B. This information was asked for by cable on 22nd instant).\n\n(3)\n\nReference list A. (attached) of Trig. Points and their Co-ordinates the following observations also arise\n\n(a) No value for the position of the Transit instrument at Kowloon Observatory is included. This gives rise to considerable doubt as to what value for Kowloon Observatory the co-ordinates of the points in attached list are in sympathy with.\n\nAs you are aware, the now accepted value for the Kowloon Transit instrument is\n\nLat. Long.\n\nN. 22°18′13.20\" E.114°10′18.75\"\n\nFrom certain check computations that have been made it would appear that the values in List A. are based on a value of Longitude for the Kowloon Instrument as follows:-\n\nLong. 114°10′27.90\".\n\nAlso it is thought that the Latitudes must be based on the following value for Latitude of the Kowloon Instrument\n\nLat. 22°18′12.10\"\n\nWill you please, therefore state which value was used as a basis for the computations?\n\n(N.B. This information was also cabled for on 22nd instant).\n\n(b) As a result of certain check computations it is thought that there are errors in the figures given for points 43 and 44, e.g. it is suggested that for point 43 the Lat. should read 22°17′21.15\" and not 22°19′21.15\"\n\nand for point 44 the Lat. should read 22°17′28.54\" and not 22°19′21.15\"\n\nAs it is possible that other errors may have crept in whilst copying from the original data it is requested",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 511442,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927",
        "page_number": 48,
        "title": "CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927",
        "content_text": "48\n\nrequested that the list should be very carefully checked with the original figures and any corrections made in red ink.\n\n(4)\n\nIt is believed that since List A was compiled, a value for the Co-ordinates of Mt. Stenhouse (Lamma Island) and possibly other points has been computed.\n\nIf this is so, would you please submit a list of such co-ordinates, stating which value for Kowloon Observatory they are dependent upon.\n\n(5)\n\nWith regard to the trig. stations established by Lieut. Wace, would you please inform me whether the work of concreting in and making permanent these points has been put in hand.\n\nIt has been the invariable experience of the Geographical Section that, in cases where the trig. points have not been permanently marked, much extra work and expense has been entailed at a later date when, possibly, extensions to the work are required, and it is, undoubtedly, in the interests of the Colony itself that this point should not be overlooked.\n\n(6) With reference to paragraphs (1) and (2) above, a cable was sent to you on 22nd instant asking for\n\n(a)\n\n(b)\n\nCo-ordinates of Point 100 (Sha Tau Kok)\n\n#1\n\n#1\n\n7 (Tai Mo Shan),\n\n(c) the Geographical Co-ordinates of Victoria Peak which conform to the now accepted value for Kowloon Observatory\n\nviz. Lat 22°18′13.20″ N. Long. 114°10′18.75″ E.\n\n(7)\n\nIn this letter, only those most urgent and important points have been touched on which, until they are cleared up, materially delay the work of production of the new map of Hong Kong.\n\nIt...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 511446,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927",
        "page_number": 52,
        "title": "CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927",
        "content_text": "Mr.\n\nMr.\n\nMr. Lumiling 2\n\nBeckett 23.6.27\n\nMr. E. J. Harding.\n\nSir C. Strachey.\n\nSir J. Shuckburgh.\n\nSir G. Grindle.\n\nSir C. Davis.\n\nSir S. Wilson.\n\nMr. Ormsby-Gore.\n\nEarl of Clarendon.\n\nMr. Amery.\n\nCOMMON DRAFT. Code\n\nHongkong\n\n23\n\nRegister afterwards\n\n24 JUN.\n\nCoded sent 52\n\n475 2216\n\nJune. Following for\n\nDirector of\n\nPublic Works from Geographical Section General Staff was officially required immediately\n\nCorrect geographical and rectangular coordinates point\n\n100 SHATAN KOK\n\nand\n\nTAIMOSHAN. Also quote latitude VICTORIA peak conforming to latitude\n\n22 13.20 for\n\nKOWLOON observatory ends\n\nSECER",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-505-13 Survey of Hong Kong 22-6-1927 - 13-12-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 515106,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-510-16 Possibilities of Commercial aviation between Canton and Hong Kong- future extensions and official attitude of... 29-3-1928 - 29-3-1928",
        "page_number": 8,
        "title": "CO129-510-16 Possibilities of Commercial aviation between Canton and Hong Kong- future extensions and official attitude of... 29-3-1928 - 29-3-1928",
        "content_text": "C.\n\nD.\n\n4.\n\n8\n\nHong Kong and half from Canton, and it was agreed that the General Administration should be in the hands of some established British Company in Hong Kong.\n\nThe organisation and operation of the actual routes and services should be in the charge of a British Aeronautical Adviser and Organiser.\n\nFlying Personnel.\n\nThe flying personnel of the Company should be,\n\n3 British Pilots.\n\n3 British Ground Engineers.\n\n5 Chinese Engineers.\n\n10 Coolies.\n\nIt was hoped that at some future date Chinese pilots would be employed, but this could not be for some time, and most certainly not before they had proved themselves capable of the work, and the Aeronautical Adviser was satisfied that this was a wise step.\n\nName.\n\nThe name of the Company should be FAR EASTERN AIRWAYS Ltd. or HONG KONG - CANTON AIRWAYS Ltd.\n\nGROUND SERVICES\n\n3.\n\na.\n\nBases.\n\nThe Company is to be based at Hong Kong, and it was considered that a suitable place for this would be The Kai Tak Aerodrome and Seaplane Base, but it was hoped that a landing stage could be arranged at some point on the Hong Kong side.\n\nThe Canton Government Aerodrome and Seaplane Base would be at the disposal of the Company free of charge, provided the Hong Kong Government offered the same assistance.\n\nThis\n\nPage 9\n\nPage 9\n\n4.\n\nThis would appear to be quite a suitable place, and it is hoped to build a motor road across a small river that is at present bridged by a wide foot bridge.\n\nThe actual landing of mails and passengers might have to be carried out at some more central point, in the same manner as suggested for Hong Kong.\n\nb. Meteorological Services.\n\nC.\n\nAn Observatory is being erected near the Canton Aerodrome, and weather reports will be supplied free, if a free service is available from Hong Kong.\n\nWireless.\n\nA suitable Wireless Station already exists, and the Canton Government are willing to offer the same terms as the Hong Kong Government for sending messages.\n\nIt was suggested that it would be of considerable help to the Company if messages relating to weather, machines in the air, and Company business could be sent free, this was concurred with.\n\nMONOPOLY.\n\nIt was explained that shareholders and the Company would have far more confidence in the proposed air routes if the Governments concerned would grant a Subsidy and Monopoly, for at least three years.\n\nThe Monopoly should guarantee the Anglo-Chinese Company that no other Commercial Aviation Company would receive subsidy, free Ground Services, Mail Contracts or Survey work, unless they, the Anglo-Chinese Company were unable to carry out their obligations.\n\nThe importance of the proposed services to the district and local trade would fully justify this.\n\nFurther\n\nPage 9\n\nPage 5.\n\n6.\n\nPage 10\n\nFurther discussion on this point was thought to be necessary.\n\nAERIAL SURVEY.\n\nThe Canton Officials said that they had not considered the possibility of Aerial Survey in connection with the formation of the proposed Company, but they considered that this might be kept to the fore, with a view to extending the operation of the Company in this direction at an early date.\n\nThey said that the Land Office would have to be consulted, and the whole question investigated by them, before the Canton Government could take up Aerial Survey.\n\nThere would seem to be no objections to this suggestion, and lack of knowledge seems to be the main difficulty, this should soon be got over.\n\nFORTIFICATIONS.\n\nIt is unfortunate that the Hong Kong - Canton Air Route passes directly over the Tiger's Forts, and it was thought that some objection might be raised to the machines flying over them.\n\nThis point also raised the question, should at some future date Chinese pilots be employed, would they be allowed to fly into Hong Kong Harbour, and would they have to take special precautions to avoid passing over the British Forts?\n\nI explained that I considered that this was a question of co-operation between the Governments concerned, and it was agreed that they would take the matter up in Canton, whilst I would do the same in Hong Kong.\n\n7.\n\nPage 10\n\nPage 11",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-510-16 Possibilities of Commercial aviation between Canton and Hong Kong- future extensions and official attitude of... 29-3-1928 - 29-3-1928.txt",
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    {
        "id": 515687,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-511-13 Civil Aviation- proposals for experimental passenger and mail service 28-7-1928 - 28-12-1928",
        "page_number": 39,
        "title": "CO129-511-13 Civil Aviation- proposals for experimental passenger and mail service 28-7-1928 - 28-12-1928",
        "content_text": "Extracts from the Hong Kong Daily Press - 31st August, 1928\n\nCIVIL AVIATION FOR HONG KONG. PRESENT POSITION AND PROSPECTS. PROPOSED BRITISH AERIAL TRANSPORT COMPANY. THE VALUE OF AN AERIAL TAXI SERVICE.\n\n[SPECIALLY WRITTEN FOR THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS BY MR. R. VAUGHAN-FOWLER.]\n\nIn the past several aeronautical enthusiasts have made attempts to start aviation in the Colony. Unfortunately these efforts have not met with any great success, and all have fizzled out through one cause or another.\n\nWhen these attempts were made aviation had not reached the advanced stage that it has to-day; the machines available were unsuitable for the work, and nobody had any experience of commercial aviation. Under these conditions the promoters were fighting against almost impossible odds, and they deserve considerable praise for the courage they displayed in their pioneer work.\n\nPresent day commercial aviation owes a lot of its success to the early failures, and we must not think that because air services were a failure years ago they are going to be unsuccessful in the future.\n\nSAFETY AND RELIABILITY.\n\nOwing to the dangers and difficulties experienced during the early years of aviation, and the high percentage of casualties in the flying services during the Great War, the public are rather apt to look upon flying as dangerous.\n\nImperial Airways, Ltd., during the last three years have not killed one paying passenger, and there have been no serious accidents in British Commercial aviation during that period.\n\nI think even the most ardent opponent of aviation will agree that this record is proof of the safety and reliability of British aircraft and aero-engines.\n\nMODERN COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT.\n\nCommercial aircraft are no longer in the experimental stage, and when a new air route is contemplated the type of machine to be used is very carefully considered. If it does not meet all the requirements the necessary modifications are carried out; by this method the most suitable machine is obtained for the work.\n\nIt would be just as unreasonable to attempt to cross a thousand miles of desert on a bicycle as it would be to employ the wrong type of machine on an air route.\n\nCOMFORT.\n\nParticular care has been taken to make the passenger accommodation really comfortable; no longer is it necessary to travel in an open cock-pit and arrive at the journey's end in a \"blown to bits condition\". Instead the passenger is accommodated in a well-appointed cabin, in which he can read, write, talk, eat, and sleep in comfort; in short, air travel is luxurious.\n\nSea-sickness, or rather air-sickness, is seldom experienced, and in practically all cases of passengers who suffer severely from sea-sickness it is found that they are unaffected by air-sickness; the sensation of giddiness is also absent.\n\nLOCAL CONDITIONS.\n\nI have heard people who don't fly say that flying in or around the Colony is more dangerous and difficult than in other parts of the world, owing to the climatic conditions.\n\nIn actual point of fact, practically all the year round the local weather conditions are ideal for flying. The same people look upon typhoons as a danger, but thanks to the regular and accurate reports issued by the Royal Observatory, and also to the fact that the aircraft's speed makes avoiding a typhoon an easy matter for the pilot, they present no danger to aerial navigation.\n\nKAI TAK AIR PORT.\n\nReports have appeared in the press concerning the Air Port of Kai Tak. Unfortunately the actual details of design are not available for publication, but there are certain points that deserve attention.\n\nThe position of the Air Port is as ideal as it would be possible to find, because it combines a large aerodrome with an excellent seaplane base.\n\nThere is no Air Port in Europe serving so important a place as Hong Kong that can claim to be a joint aerodrome and seaplane base. The value of London's air port at Croydon is considerably reduced because it is impossible to obtain these ideal conditions.\n\nIf this combined air port were not possible at Kai Tak, Hong Kong would require two air ports, one for the seaplanes and flying boats that will be working the coastal...",
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    {
        "id": 517181,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-513-6 Hong Kong water supply- schemes for development and improvement 25-1-1929 - 2-8-1929",
        "page_number": 34,
        "title": "CO129-513-6 Hong Kong water supply- schemes for development and improvement 25-1-1929 - 2-8-1929",
        "content_text": "# THE WATER SHORTAGE\n\n## WHY A RIDER MAIN SUPPLY CANNOT BE GIVEN. HONG KONG RESIDENTS TO PAY FOR THEIR WATER. THE \"TANKER SUGGESTION\" ANALYSED.\n\nA third meeting of the Water Emergency Committee was held on July 8 in the Council Chamber. The most interesting business from the point of view of the \"man on the meter\" was the decision, at the suggestion of the Colonial Secretary, that all meter users in Hong Kong (not Kowloon) should pay 50 cents per thousand gallons.\n\nThe Director of Public Works gave a detailed summary of the present water position and of the means which had been taken to cope with the drought.\n\n## MOST SERIOUS. USELESSNESS OF TWO HOURS A DAY MAIN SUPPLY.\n\nMr. Creasy said: The rainfall for the 12 months ending June 30, 1929, as recorded at the Royal Observatory, totalled 37.27in., by far the lowest ever recorded for a continuous period of 12 months. The previous lowest rainfall was in 1895 when 45.83in. fell during that year. These figures speak for themselves.\n\nThe present water position is the most serious the Colony has had to face for very many years, and it is not at all surprising that a house supply to all rider main districts cannot be given at this critical time.\n\nIt was on November 1, 1928, that the rider main supply was discontinued, and a constant supply by street fountains only had to be introduced as, at that time, the storage in the reservoirs had fallen to 1,410 million gallons, and the consumption on full supply had just previously reached the maximum of about 12 million gallons a day.\n\nThe present storage in the reservoirs is 162 million gallons, and the consumption has been reduced to about three million gallons a day, due to restrictions and to the water obtained from outside the Colony.\n\nNot until the storage in the reservoirs has again approached the figures for last November can restrictions be entirely removed.\n\nDuring certain periods of every year, restrictions have had to be resorted to, and the supply from street fountains has taken the place of the house supplies in the rider main districts.\n\nIt is most unfortunate that, owing to the continued drought, it has been found necessary to reduce the street fountains supply and introduce the still more irksome tank system, the water for which has to be obtained from outside sources.\n\nThe maximum consumption when the City is on full supply has been shown to be 12 million gallons, and with the present restrictions in force, the consumption has been reduced to three million gallons.\n\n## WHERE UPPER STORIES GET NOTHING.\n\nThe houses which are served by the rider mains are in the most thickly populated part of the City, and, owing to their height (4 storeys) and the difference in levels of the hillside upon which they are built, unless the city is divided into sections from East to West, a supply of two hours to the whole rider main district would result in distribution, the unequal lower levels would alone obtain a supply, whilst the upper storeys and the higher level houses would obtain little or no water. The consumption would also be excessive in the houses obtaining a supply.\n\nIf a rider main supply were now introduced in the various sections of the City for two hours, it would result in a rise in the consumption to six million gallons, and this rate of consumption is impossible under the present circumstances.\n\nThe rider mains can be shut off from the principal mains independently without affecting the metered supplies, but when all or any section of the rider main supply is in operation, either direct to the houses or through the fountains, the principal mains they are fed must necessarily be in action.\n\n## TANK SYSTEM OF SUPPLY.\n\nA house service supply being impossible, the only course left is to give a sufficient supply through tanks at as convenient points as possible. If perfected, this system of supply from tanks becomes the equivalent of constant supply by street fountains, a system which it has been frequently necessary to have recourse to in the past.\n\nThe tank system has not yet been developed to its full capacity. By more frequent filling of the tanks and with additional taps and lengths of piping, the queues can be considerably reduced. This has already been done where the regular system has come into force; for instance, in the case of the tanks in Gilman and Centre Streets and at Western Market, which have been connected up and are supplied regularly by waterboats. At Laichikok, the queues have almost ceased to exist.\n\nThe extensions to the brick tanks on the Praya have just been completed, and these are being connected together so as to facilitate filling from lighters or waterboats. When fully developed, this system should appreciably augment supplies.\n\nWhen the existing low-level tank system has been fully developed and the outside sources of supply have been increased, it will be possible to introduce tanks on a higher level zone of about 100 feet above the sea, and when this extended system is in operation, it will be possible still further to conserve the rapidly diminishing water supply on the Island.\n\nCentrifugal pumps, electrically driven, would deliver water to these tanks either from the large brick tanks on the Praya or direct from lighters. Long supply pipes with the necessary number of taps would be laid from these upper tanks so as to embrace as large a district as possible and reduce carrying to a minimum.\n\n## SUPPLIES FROM THE MAINLAND.\n\nThere are at the moment three available sources of supply on the mainland, viz., from Laichikok, Tsun Wan, and Shamchun, the last of which is expected to be in operation this week.\n\nDuring the summer months, it is anticipated that fully two million gallons a day can be obtained from these sources and transported to the Hong Kong tanks by waterboats or lighters.\n\nAs these supplies begin to fail in the autumn, the service from the West River, where there is limited water, will have to be further developed to meet the deficiency.\n\n## IMPRACTICABLE.\n\nGovernment having decided that a regular service of large tankers for Tytam Tuk is impracticable, it now remains to deal with the question of a service of Coasters or lighters, with tugs.\n\nThe proposal to discontinue the free allowance of water to metered supplies is being considered, and no doubt any move in this direction would have the desired effect of further restricting consumption. A house supply to rider main properties at the present time is utterly out of the question, and no matter what supplies might be brought into the Colony, they should be utilized to increase the present storage, and not the consumption, until the position has vastly improved. This cannot be too strongly emphasized.\n\n32 \n## Page 32",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-516-8 Survey of Hong Kong 24-4-1929 - 11-11-1929",
        "page_number": 21,
        "title": "CO129-516-8 Survey of Hong Kong 24-4-1929 - 11-11-1929",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 1\n\n21\n\n**Presents letter to Survey Department.**\n\nSee $\n\nHon. Director of Public Works,\n\nI now forward further information asked for in Secretary of State's despatch No.390 of 27th November, 1928, as follows: -\n\n(1) Diagram showing triangulation connecting Royal Observatory Trig Station with existing work.\n(2) Observed angles.\n(3) Notes as regards log. distances, and azimuth &c.\n(4) Details and notes as regards longitude.\n\nAll the stations have now been permanently fixed, but field observations on Lantao not yet completed. The stations are periodically visited and kept in repair and a revised list of all stations is now being prepared giving a short description of each and the easiest means of approach, for future reference.\n\n2.\n\nWith regard to 20,000 map now in course of production the key plan of which is referred to in Colonel J. St. Winterbotham's letter `M.I.4/C/248` of 3rd December, 1928, I would draw attention to the fact that no sheets appear to have been taken up to include \"Peng Chau\" and \"Gau Tau\" Islands and a portion of the coast of Mirs Bay as far as Mirs Point, the latter being the extreme Eastern boundary of the leased Territories. This however is probably an oversight.\n\n3. I would suggest also that the Geographical Section General Staff be asked to forward copies of the sheets as produced to this Government; Nos.6 & 9 are already published.\n\n(Sd.) E. B. Reed,\n21st March, 1929.\n\n**Superintendent of Surveys**",
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    {
        "id": 520305,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-519-1 Estimates for 1930 5-9-1929 - 14-11-1929",
        "page_number": 149,
        "title": "CO129-519-1 Estimates for 1930 5-9-1929 - 14-11-1929",
        "content_text": "## HONG KONG ROYAL NAVAL VOLUNTEER RESERVE,-Continued. \n### Special Expenditure\n\n| Item | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Fitting out of the Kau Sing | 2,300 |\n| Alterations to and the fitting out of the Reserve Head Quarters at the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club, North Point, and forming a drill ground | 960 |\n| Electric Lights and 2 fans for Head Quarters | 240 |\n| Office furniture and fittings | 200 |\n| Mess utensils for the Kau Sing | 200 |\n| Pailasses and Bolsters | 140 |\n| 40 Blankets | 440 |\n| 3 pairs of binoculars | 250 |\n| 1 Telescope Charts | 50 |\n|  | 20 |\n| **Total** | **4,800** |\n\n### Other Charges\n\n| Category | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| **Personal Emoluments** | 2,832 |\n| **Special Expenditure** | 17,801 |\n| **Total** | 25,433 |\n\n## Head 33.-(C)---Military Contribution.\n\n| Estimates 1929 | Estimates 1930 | Decrease 1930 | Increase |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| $3,988,388 | $3,865,560 | $122,828 |  |\n\n## Head 34. Miscellaneous Services.\n\n### Various Expenditures\n\n| Item | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Crown Agents Commission (a) | 4,000 |\n| Bonuses for Interpreters Translators (1) $ | 500 |\n| Geological Survey of the Colony (b) | 9,500 |\n| British Engineering Standard Assn. (£15) | 7 |\n| Contribution of cost of 3 Armed Launches (k) | 25,000 |\n| University of Hong Kong, School of Chinese Studies | 6,000 |\n| Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases, London. (£300) (c) | 142 |\n| Colonial Advisory Medical & Sanitary Committee (25) ... (c) | 12 |\n| Imperial Bureau of Entomology, London (£50) | 23 |\n| Imperial Institute (£300) (c) | 142 |\n| Institute of C. E.; Committee of Deterioration of Structures (£50) | 23 |\n| London School of Hygiene (£100) (e) | 47 |\n| Royal Asiatic Society (£25) (c) | 12 |\n| School of Oriental Studies (£30) (c) | 13 |\n| Seamen's Hospital Society (£20) | 18 |\n| Tropical Diseases Research Fund (£50) | 28 |\n| S.P.C.C., Hong Kong (d) | 3,000 |\n| Society for Comparative Legislation, London, (£1 1s.) (c) | 1 |\n| Language Study Allowances (f) | 2,000 |\n| Government Gazette (g) | 700 |\n| Miscellaneous Papers (h) | 2,000 |\n| Rent Allowances, Senior Officers (f) | 15,000 |\n| Rent Allowances, Sub-ordinate Officers (f) | 8,000 |\n| Rent Allowances, Asiatic Officers (f) | 14,000 |\n| Telegraph Services: Contribution in connection with signalling Messages to Observatory (£75) | 35 |\n| Transport of Government Servants (c) (f) | 20,000 |\n| High Cost of Living Allowance (i) | 70,000 |\n| Broadcasting | 2,400 |\n\n| Year | Total |\n| --- | --- |\n|  | $151,098 |\n|  | $43,446 |",
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    {
        "id": 521516,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-521-1 Triangulation of Hong Kong report and progress 13-1-1930 - 6-11-1930",
        "page_number": 22,
        "title": "CO129-521-1 Triangulation of Hong Kong report and progress 13-1-1930 - 6-11-1930",
        "content_text": "24\n\n6\n\nprocedure and argument are outside the possible scope of this report. I recommend that a member of the staff with mathematical knowledge be sent to Ceylon for three weeks to study the procedure of their excellent new levelling. If this investigation could be combined with the duty of representing Hong Kong at the 1931 Surveyors Meeting it would be advantageous, for at that meeting we shall visit the Liverpool Tidal Institute, and shall discuss other aspects of levelling.\n\n9. Minor Methods of Surveying.—It is of small consequence to provide a reliable framework if the detail surveyor introduces plottable errors in his final offsets. My impression is that the minor surveyors are practical and reliable men, but their methods and their field books show that same untidiness which is elsewhere so apparent in this Department. As before, this fact is due to the lack of clear and practical departmental regulation. For example, each traverse tape is standardized at a particular tension and temperature. I saw a traverse, in the surveying, in which no spring balance was being used. Two values for the same length so measured differed apparently by only one part in thirty thousand, but there is no guarantee that both were not equally affected by systematic errors of the order of one in a thousand. The particular instance was one of no great importance, except in so far as it shows up the lack of clearly laid down routine. In actual offsetting I was told by one surveyor that offsets might be judged at right angles up to 30 feet and up to 15 feet by another, i.e., the length measured but the angle judged. Both are far too long for work at 1/600, but it is not so much the actual field work as the lack of common rule which I desire to emphasize. Field books are incomprehensible to the visitor. It is a matter of practice here that each Surveyor plots from his own measurement. This is dictated by expediency and lack of staff, and is not sound, but it explains the field books. The regulations of the future should lay down the type to be followed, and it should be such as to make plotting by an independent man an easy matter. Regulations should also include instructions for check lines and for inspection of the completed map (with graphic checks) by the European Surveyor-in-Charge.\n\nAs regards area computations, the present practice of mathematical calculation is sound for all Crown leases in urban districts. In the agricultural areas either the planimeter or the computing scale could be used. In either case, however, a final check should be made against the known areas of the full number of squares (of the grid) in which the cadastral plan lies. There is no other check upon paper distortion.\n\n10. Instruments. The Department is moderately well equipped. The bands graduated for final measurement (100 feet to attach to 300 feet 1/16-inch bands) should be smaller in section.\n\nOne good Theodolite (I recommend the new 3¼-inch Cooke Troughton and Simm's Tavistock) should be procured for additions to the control. Wooden legs (and not collapsible) should be specified.\n\nTwo Brunsviga (novo) calculating machines and the appropriate tables of natural trigonometrical functions have already been mentioned, and certain stores for drawing and printing are enumerated in succeeding paragraphs.\n\n11. Drawing The Surveyors draw and letter well, and are superior in standard to the minor draughtsmen employed in the Crown Lands Department. When a printing department has been begun particular care in securing firm, dense, black line will be necessary. I think too much lettering is being done, however. It is the normal practice to stamp names on cadastral maps and tracings, and boys can be employed for the purpose. Three palettes and a small supply of type should be got (through the Geographical Section, General Staff). The choice of type should be discussed with the home authorities. The style adopted for the 25-inch and 6-inch plans of the Ordnance Survey will be satisfactory.\n\nAt the present time much delay and waste of money occurs in the large amount of reducing (and occasional enlarging) by pantograph. Machinery is expensive at the moment, but soon saves itself in labour, and in all well-organized Survey Departments reduction is done by the camera. This point is of particular importance in compiling the 200 feet to the inch (1/2,400) plans from the 50 feet (1/600). An enlarging and reducing camera is, however, of less importance than the printing equipment recommended in the next paragraph, and might wait over for better financial times. Of equal importance is a press in which plans can be hung. Tropical conditions are against storage in drawers. Hung plans keep well, do not crease and break, and escape the cockroach.\n\nGood tracing paper should be used in preference to tracing cloth.\n\n12. Printing. Lithographic map printing is altogether distinct from letterpress printing, and is everywhere carried out by Survey Departments. There are few colonies now in which it has not started, and those (generally speaking) are able to rely upon the help of close neighbours. At the present moment there is no facility for printing official maps or plans in the whole of the Far East. That point should be borne in mind, because it might become important on political or defence grounds. (There is a very small machine, demi-size, in the Observatory, with no means other than litho tracing of getting the work on to stone or zinc). Sun-printing can be regarded as satisfactory or economical only for some half-dozen copies. The cadastral sheets (1/600, 1/2,000, &c.), should all be printed in small editions (say, 30 copies). The value of these expensive surveys is doubled by free circulation among technical departments, and the original, once recorded on zinc, keeps its shape, whereas paper records do not.\n\nThe policy should aim at the printing of maps and plans which affect the Colony. It is not a sound measure to order large stocks of maps to be printed in England. Maps and plans are soon out of date and editions should be just large enough to deal with current needs. The initial expense need not be large, and native staff can be trained to all the proper processes providing one good technical European printer be employed.\n\nI recommend beginning with —\n\n1 power proving press (double demy or larger).\n\n1 Vandyke outfit.\n\nNotes:-\n\n(a) Both might be got in consultation with the War Office and both might be second-hand;\n\n(b) The existing arc lighting system can be used;\n\n(c) Electric drive should be employed;\n\n(d) A whirler is hardly necessary (at first);\n\n(e) Printing frames and all accessories included in the Vandyke outfit.\n\nstaff, one youngish all-round printer should be engaged (at the £400 starting rate), given 6 months' apprenticeship at the War Office or Ordnance Survey, and one month in Ceylon in which to study the effect of a hot and damp climate on the chemistry of zinc printing and vandyking. This European could then start with three native printing apprentices and two native litho, drawing apprentices to build up his department. In a year's time he should be ready to install one litho. flat-bed machine (second-hand electrically driven and the same size as the proving press).\n\n13. Regulations. Preceding paragraphs have emphasized the vital importance of clearing and crystallizing methods and processes, and describing them in printed regulations.\n\nThe departmental regulations of the Federated Malay States and Gold Coast surveys should be used as models. Writing these regulations in the light of local organization and survey characteristic will take time and thought. It may not be necessary to follow every process to its ultimate detail in the general regulations so long as minor separate printed instructions cover the whole ground.\n\n14. Indexing and Filing Air Photographs. There exist already a number of air-photographs covering the area of Hong Kong and the New Territories. In the future any more will be taken. Unless proper indexes and storage boxes are made, it will be difficult to deal with them. Boxes should be made about 2 ft. by 10 in. by 8 in., in which sliding shelves, arranged as for a card index, carry the photographs. Each photograph should be indexed by the co-ordinate of its centre point, and each box should represent an area (say, the area of one of the 1/20,000 sheets).\n\n15. Organization. At the present time the Survey Department is a part of the Public Works Department a body whose duties in Hong Kong are important and wide reaching. The present Director of Public Works has done much for survey, and has been able, to some extent, to give the survey branch its own staff and quarters. Survey is not, however, native to the engineering profession except in so far as every engineer is trained in surveying for his own ends. These ends do not, as a rule, include precise triangulation, traversing or levelling, and never include the revenue, topographical, cartographical and printing aspects of a survey office. I have now inspected 13 Colonial surveys. In one or two a start was made under Public Works; in no case of these thirteen does that still apply.\n\nNo doubt the public purse is the guiding factor, and the survey branch is probably not the only one included solely for the purpose of preventing clerical growth and perhaps checking the natural impulse to develop where development must needs wait upon revenue. I am unable to see at present in what way overhead charges are saved as regards survey. If the staff is to be regarded as interchangeable then efficiency\n\n25",
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        "id": 524302,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-524-1 Reports of Salaries Commission 31-12-1929 - 27-10-1930",
        "page_number": 76,
        "title": "CO129-524-1 Reports of Salaries Commission 31-12-1929 - 27-10-1930",
        "content_text": "HONG KONG DAILY PRESS. SATURDAY, JUNE 21, 1930.\n\nWEATHER REPORT.\n\nYesterday's weather report, forecast and remarks, issued by the Royal Observatory at 5.10 p.m., stated:-\n\nPressure remains highest in the neighbourhood of the Bonins. The depression over China has deepened slightly.\n\nLocal Forecast:-S.W. winds moderate; cloudy; showery.\n\nBIRTH. PEREIRA.-On June 13, at Shanghai, to Mr. and Mrs. J. M. ROZA PEREIRA, a son.\n\nDEATHS.\n\nGUNN-On June 15, at Shanghai, as the result of an accident, DAVID GUNN, aged 28.\n\nPOLTAVSKY. On June 15, at Shanghai, FEODOR NEMIOVICH POLTAVSKY, aged 32.\n\nEditorial and Business Offices: 11, Ice House Street. Tel. 30851. Night Editor (Wanchai Office): Tel. 24511. London Office: 53, Fleet Street, E.C. 4.\n\nThe Daily Press.\n\nHONG KONG, JUNE 21, 1930.\n\nADEQUATE SALARIES.\n\nNo Concern With Economics,\n\nThe constitution of the Legislative Council, with its permanent unofficial minority, makes it inevitable that, although the Government really desires measures to be passed, approved it certainly will be. The \"Opposition\" is by force of circumstances definitely numbered, and cannot force an issue with any hope of success division, but it can give public expression to opinions which to some extent reflect the ideas formed on current affairs by those members of the community who are in no way associated with the Administration.\n\nThat such speeches can influence the Government to any great extent, once its mind is made up, is not to be expected, but opportunity is given for non-official opinion to be voiced, and possibly enlighten the official mind as to the viewpoint taken by the ordinary citizen.\n\nIn the course of a most interesting address on Thursday Mr. OWEN HUGHES quoted a statement attributed to the late Chief Justice which appears to give the key to the official outlook on the position. As Chairman of the Salaries Commission, Sir HENRY GOLLAN said it was not a question of economics which they had to consider, but the adequacy of salaries.\n\nIn other words, the remuneration to be paid to Civil Servants was regarded as a matter quite outside the scope and influence of economic conditions.\n\nCutting Coats to the Cloth.\n\nSince when has it been possible to consider questions of wage payments without considering the surrounding economic factors? From what source comes the money for these salaries-does it fall upon the ground as the gentle dew from heaven, or is it drawn from some reservoir the rise and fall of whose level depends upon the economic prosperity of the Colony?\n\nIt is absurd to pretend that the remuneration of Civil Servants has nothing to do with economics as it is to pretend that the dollar can be stabilised at any figure we like to name, regardless of economic conditions.\n\nEconomics may be briefly but accurately defined as the practical science of the production and distribution of wealth, and while all branches of the Civil Service may not be directly concerned with the production of wealth, they are all very vitally interested in the distribution of it.\n\nThe private employer-to quote Mr. OWEN HUGHES-must cut his coat according to his cloth; he cannot follow Sir HENRY GOLLAN's line of action and ignore the question of economics.\n\nThe Coming Reaction.\n\nThe problem with which the Colony is now faced is not solved by the simple process of raising an additional 16 lakhs of revenue.\n\nThere is no doubt that in Hong Kong taxation is too light to be called a burden, and there are many untapped sources of revenue which could be drawn upon without very seriously reacting upon the general cost of living.\n\nBut if a stenographer in a Government Department is to receive $447 a month for work which a woman in a business office does for $150, if a Chinese draughtsman in the public service is to get $233 for work similar to that done elsewhere for $100; if Government clerks are to receive $767 for work which is paid for elsewhere at $405, and men in the Public Works Department are to be paid $703 for services which can be engaged by private employers at $389-if all these larger salaries are to be paid...\n\nAt a moment when the one topic of local interest is the cost of public services, it is very interesting to recall that exactly eighty-eight years ago to-day England was ablaze with indignation at the imposition by Sir ROBERT PEEL of a tax on incomes.\n\nSays a well-known historian: It is hardly possible for us to realise the general horror in which this hated impost was then enveloped.\n\nThe fact of BROUGHAM procuring the destruction of all the public books and papers in which its odious accounts were recorded illustrates the intensity of the common sentiment.\n\nFrom 1842 to 1874 the question of the income-tax was the vexing enigma of public finance.\n\nWe take leave of this interesting aspect of English history by recalling that in 1860 Mr. GLADSTONE expressed the hope that the state of the nation's finances would soon make it possible to abolish the income-tax.\n\nThat day has not yet arrived, nor is it likely to come.\n\nRoom For Retrenchment.\n\nNow that it has been recognised by the Government that the recommendations of the Salaries Commission are justified, and that a general rise in the salaries of Civil Servants is warranted in order that they may receive an equitable remuneration for their services, we may expect to see a general demand for increased salaries among persons employed by private firms.\n\nThe Hong Kong community, however, is naturally much more concerned about what Sir WILLIAM PEEL said to the Legislative Council on June 19, 1930, than in Sir ROBERT PEEL's apologetics on June 21, 1842.\n\nThe Governor of Hong Kong has said-and none will disagree with him-that the payment of fair and adequate salaries is one of the first commitments of an employer, for a contented and adequate staff is an essential part of any undertaking.\n\nSir WILLIAM proceeded to make another statement on which there will not be such unanimity of opinion.\n\nHis Excellency, speaking with the proper reserve of one who realises he is not yet fully familiar with the facts, said he could not help feeling that we are somewhat overloaded in the matter of personnel, and that, further, there is room for retrenchment in other directions.\n\nFor this reason Sir WILLIAM PEEL adopted the suggestion made by Mr. OWEN HUGHES that a Retrenchment Committee be appointed to ascertain whether, where, and how money can be saved in administering the affairs of the Colony.\n\nEfficiency and Economy.\n\nThe point as to whether or not this Colony is in fact very lightly taxed compared with the burden imposed upon other communities has no bearing whatever upon the question whether our public services combine economy with efficiency of working.\n\nIt may be probably is- perfectly true that Hong Kong is one of the most lightly taxed places in the world, but that is no reason why the money raised by taxation should not be expended with the utmost regard for economy.\n\nBefore Mr. R. E. Lindsell yesterday, a Chinese messenger, employed at the Colonial Secretary's Office, was charged with the theft of a pair of trousers.\n\nHe told the Court that he took the trousers away from the complainant's property because the latter owed him $2.\n\nThe police, however, stated that when he was questioned earlier, the defendant had told a different tale.\n\nHis Worship remanded the defendant until this morning and, in doing so, warned him that if he still persisted in lying, he would be sent to gaol.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-524-1 Reports of Salaries Commission 31-12-1929 - 27-10-1930.txt",
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    {
        "id": 525992,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-526-14 United States interests in Hong Kong- alleged discrimination against commercial motor vehicles 1-6-1930 - 30-6-1930",
        "page_number": 17,
        "title": "CO129-526-14 United States interests in Hong Kong- alleged discrimination against commercial motor vehicles 1-6-1930 - 30-6-1930",
        "content_text": "# THE HONG KONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, MAY 30, 1930.\n\n## Regulations for Public Vehicles\n\n30. Seats at wheel arch.--Where seats are placed over the wheel arch, they must be placed in such a position as not to cause discomfort to passengers using them.\n\n31. Seat backs.--The backs of all seats must be so closed or otherwise constructed as to prevent, as far as possible, the pockets of passengers being picked.\n\n32. Access to Seats.--Note.--(a) Any form of seating accommodation across or in the gangways is prohibited, except in the case of those vehicles not fitted with a permanent top. The width of the gangway must not be less than 12 ins. up to seat level. Above seat level, the width of the gangway must not be less than 14 ins.\n\n33. Steps. (a) The lowest step for entrance upon the vehicle when empty must not be more than 15 ins. or less than 10 ins. above the ground. (b) Non-slip treads must be fitted to each step of each doorway, and the treads should be level.\n\n34. Wing Guards.--Suitable wings must be provided above each wheel to prevent mud splashing as far as practicable.\n\n35. Gas Containers.--Where acetylene or other gas is used for lighting purposes, the cylinders or vessels which contain the gas, or in which the gas is generated, must be fixed outside the body and in such a position as to be as far removed from the danger of accidental ignition or damage by impact.\n\n36. Insulation.--All electric leads must be adequately insulated.\n\n37. Fire Extinguishers.--Suitable and approved appliances for extinguishing fire must be carried in such a position as to be readily available for use.\n\n38. Ventilation.--There must be adequate ventilation without the necessity for opening the main windows.\n\n39. Signal Apparatus.--Efficient means must be provided to enable passengers, both inside and outside, to signal to the driver or conductor when required.\n\n40. Mirrors.--A mirror must be provided to enable the driver to observe the overtaking traffic.\n\n41. Grease Dropping.--The chassis must be so constructed as to prevent oil or grease from the bearings or other parts dropping onto the roadway.\n\n## (A) Additional Requirements for Double Deck Vehicles\n\n42. Distribution of Seats.--The ratio of the passenger seating capacity of the top deck to that of the lower deck must not exceed 8 to 7.\n\n43. Guard Rails.--The top of the side guard rails must be at least 3 ft. from the top of the roof battens at the side, and 18 ins. above the highest part of the seat. The front and back rails must follow the camber of the roof and be at least 3 ft. 3 ins. high when measured from the top of the roof battens.\n\n44. Step Risers.--The risers of all steps leading from the lower to the upper deck must be closed, and the treads of all steps fitted with a non-slip form of tread.\n\n45. Aperture at Landing Board.--No aperture must be left at the top landing board through which a passenger might inadvertently step.\n\n46. Height.--From the ground to the highest point of the roof of the lower deck, the height must not be greater than 9 ft. 3 ins.\n\n47. Platforms.--The length of the platform, if at the rear, must in no case be less than 36 ins. If the platform is not at the rear, then the length must in no case be less than 30 ins.\n\n48. Staircase Screen.--The outer stringer of the staircase should be so constructed, or a band should be so placed, as to act as a screen to persons ascending or descending.\n\n## (B) Additional Requirements for Vehicles without Permanent Tops\n\n49. Height.--The height of the body sides from the floor must not be less than 2 ft. 4 ins.\n\n50. Hood (other than permanent). (a) When extended or raised, the height of the hood from the floor must not be less than 5 ft. at the centre line of the vehicle, except over the driver's seat. (b) Hoods must be provided with an adequate back light made of a transparent mica or similar transparent substance not liable to breakage. (c) Hoods must be efficiently stayed and easily adjustable. (d) When side storm curtains are provided, they must have mica or similar lights. (e) The hood crutches, wing nuts, runners, etc., are to be included in measuring the length or width of the vehicle.\n\n## (C) Additional Requirements for Vehicles with Entrances for Passengers on Both Sides or with More than Two Doors on One Side\n\n51. Entrances and Exits.--Where a doorway is placed above the back wheel, a step or bar must be provided to facilitate boarding or alighting.\n\n52. Steps.--Fixed steps must not be less than 9 ins. wide, but in no case shall the steps project beyond the front wings.\n\n## Royal Observatory\n\n### Sunrise and Sunset in Hong Kong for June, 1930\n\n(STANDARD TIME of the 120th MERIDIAN, East of GREENWICH.)\n\n| DATE | SUNRISE | SUNSET |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| June 1 | 5.38 a.m. | 7.04 p.m. |\n| June 2 | 5.38 a.m. | 7.04 p.m. |\n| June 3 | 5.38 a.m. | 7.04 p.m. |\n| ... | ... | ... |\n| June 13 | 5.38 a.m. | 7.08 p.m. |\n| June 14 | 5.38 a.m. | 7.08 p.m. |\n| June 15 | 5.38 a.m. | 7.08 p.m. |\n| June 16 | 5.38 a.m. | 7.08 p.m. |\n| June 17 | 5.38 a.m. | 7.09 p.m. |\n| June 18 | 5.38 a.m. | 7.09 p.m. |\n| June 19 | 5.39 a.m. | 7.09 p.m. |\n| June 20 | 5.39 a.m. | 7.10 p.m. |\n| June 21 | 5.39 a.m. | 7.10 p.m. |\n| June 22 | 5.39 a.m. | 7.10 p.m. |\n| June 23 | 5.40 a.m. | 7.10 p.m. |\n| June 24 | 5.40 a.m. | 7.10 p.m. |\n| June 25 | 5.40 a.m. | 7.11 p.m. |\n| June 26 | 5.40 a.m. | 7.11 p.m. |\n| June 27 | 5.41 a.m. | 7.11 p.m. |\n| June 28 | 5.41 a.m. | 7.11 p.m. |\n| June 29 | 5.41 a.m. | 7.11 p.m. |\n| June 30 | 5.41 a.m. | 7.11 p.m. |\n\nT. F. CLAXTON,\nDirector.\n\n29th May, 1930.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-526-14 United States interests in Hong Kong- alleged discrimination against commercial motor vehicles 1-6-1930 - 30-6-1930.txt",
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    {
        "id": 535479,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-541-2 Estimates 1931 14-10-1932 - 19-7-1934",
        "page_number": 71,
        "title": "CO129-541-2 Estimates 1931 14-10-1932 - 19-7-1934",
        "content_text": "COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE ESTIMATED AND ACTUAL\n\n66\n\nHeads and Sub-Heads,\n\nBrought forward\n\nPUBLIC WORKS EXTRAORDINARY,\n\nContinued.\n\nHONG KONG,-Contd.\n\nBrought forward\n\nEstimated.\n\nActual.\n\nIncrease.\n\nEXPENDITURE OF THE COLONY OF HONG KONG FOR THE YEAR 1933\n\n67\n\nDecrease.\n\nProvisionally Voted.\n\nExplanatory Remarks.\n\n  \n    $\n    $\n    $\n  \n  \n    31,031,324\n    27,830,265.70\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    470,107.43\n    3,671,165.73\n  \n  \n    1,304,300\n    785,458.11\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    67,739.73\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    586,581.62\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    119,200.00\n    \n  \n  \n    Port Works.\n  \n  \n    45. Construction of Rubble Mound at North Point\n    40,000\n    \n  \n  \n    46. Construction of Rubble Mound between Oil Street & M.L. 321\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    47. Construction of Rubble Mound at Kennedy Town\n    40,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    29,060.88\n    15,963.89\n  \n  \n    \n    10,939.12\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Less work done than anticipated.\n  \n  \n    \n    24,036.31\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Cost less than estimated.\n  \n  \n    \n    35,000\n    34,780.05\n  \n  \n    \n    269.95\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    3,500.00\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Progress slower than anticipated.\n  \n  \n    Public Health & Buildings Ordinance.\n  \n  \n    48. Resumptions for road widening schemes approved by Government as rebuilding occurs\n    10,000\n    \n  \n  \n    49. Sailors' Home, West Point, M.L. 187A\n    180,000\n    \n  \n  \n    50. Resumption R.N. Canteen\n    \n    180,000.00\n  \n  \n    \n    14,258.00\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    4,258.00\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    12,370.00\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    More resumptions.\n  \n  \n    \n    38,523\n    38,522.50\n  \n  \n    \n    .50\n    \n  \n  \n    Anti-Malarial Work.\n  \n  \n    51. Permanent Training of Nullaha\n    120,000\n    119,988.91\n  \n  \n    \n    16.09\n    \n  \n  \n    KOWLOON.\n  \n  \n    Buildings.\n  \n  \n    52. Magistracy at Yaumati\n    120,000\n    120,000.00\n  \n  \n    \n    Not proceeded with.\n  \n  \n    53. Kowloon Hospital Additions\n    180,000\n    253,886.02\n  \n  \n    \n    73,886.02\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    92,500.00\n    \n  \n  \n    54. Mautaukok Cattle Depot Lairage\n    10,000\n    10,543.61\n  \n  \n    \n    543.61\n    \n  \n  \n    55. V. D. Clinic\n    7,500\n    18,013.77\n  \n  \n    \n    5,513.77\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    700.00\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    5,685.00\n    \n  \n  \n    56. Hung Hom Government Store\n    1,000\n    \n  \n  \n    57. New Residence for Director, Royal Observatory\n    1,000.00\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    35,000\n    20,693.90\n  \n  \n    \n    14,306.10\n    \n  \n  \n    58. New Central British School\n    70,000\n    22,063.81\n  \n  \n    \n    47,986.19\n    \n  \n  \n    59. Mongkoktsui New Market\n    18,000\n    18,000.00\n  \n  \n    60. Kowloon Junior School: Drill Hall.....\n    4,000\n    \n  \n  \n    61. W/T. Station Hung Hom\n    44,000\n    4,669.64\n  \n  \n    \n    40,606.22\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    669.64\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    700.00\n    \n  \n  \n    62. Kowloon Fire Station: Quarters for Sub-Officers\n    \n    3,393.78\n  \n  \n    \n    Better progress than anticipated.\n  \n  \n    \n    Additional expenditure for furniture, stores and fittings.\n  \n  \n    \n    Not begun.\n  \n  \n    \n    Work commenced late in the year.\n  \n  \n    \n    Work commenced after Victoria Home & Orphanage site was disposed.\n  \n  \n    \n    Not proceeded with.\n  \n  \n    \n    Cost of the work slightly under estimated.\n  \n  \n    \n    Expenditure less than anticipated.\n  \n  \n    2,000\n    1,681.88\n    \n  \n  \n    63. Latrine at junction of Ningpo & Woosung Streets\n    6,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    318.12\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    6,000.00\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Not proceeded with.\n  \n  \n    Carried forward\n    2,265,323\n    1,585,135.99\n  \n  \n    \n    152,610.77\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    832,797.78\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    234,655.00\n    \n  \n  \n    Carried forward\n    31,031,324\n    27,830,265.70\n  \n  \n    \n    470,107.43\n    3,671,165.73\n  \n\n88",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-541-2 Estimates 1931 14-10-1932 - 19-7-1934.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 537231,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-543-3 Leave and passage regulations 13-1-1933 - 11-9-1933",
        "page_number": 6,
        "title": "CO129-543-3 Leave and passage regulations 13-1-1933 - 11-9-1933",
        "content_text": "## X \n\nThank you for the suggestion for a final scheme: I don't set an amount, buy extra for spend applies. I think to a 10% increase at 14.1.\n\nThere are three Assistant Analysts who are on the scale £500-£800. So they only just come below the line for first-class passages.\n\nIt will be seen from (4A), however, that the Governor recommends the raising of the dividing line to £825.\n\nA similar case was that of the 3rd Assistant Auditor who is on the scale £450-£700. We have suggested in (4) that his scale should be extended to £850 to overcome the difficulty.\n\nThe case of the Assistant Analysts must, I think, be considered from the recruiting point of view as well as on its other merits. Appointments Department is asked from time to time to select Assistant Analysts for Hong Kong. The supply of suitable candidates is never very great and it may grow less if the Institute advise their Associates that the conditions of service are bad. On the other hand, we don't want to start making exceptions to rules which may be quoted as precedents in other cases.\n\nThere do not seem, however, to be many similarly placed officers in Hong Kong; most are either well below or well above the dividing line. 13 Marine and Nautical Surveyors are on the scale £550-£825; an Assistant at the Observatory is on £500-£800. I have looked through the 1933 Estimates but I have not noticed any other border-line cases. Presumably, in view of the last sentence of the Governor's telegram... \n\n6",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-543-3 Leave and passage regulations 13-1-1933 - 11-9-1933.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 538101,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-545-1 Estimates 1934 4-10-1933 - 17-4-1934",
        "page_number": 130,
        "title": "CO129-545-1 Estimates 1934 4-10-1933 - 17-4-1934",
        "content_text": "## Head 34.--PUBLIC WORKS EXTRAORDINARY\n\n### PUBLIC WORKS EXTRAORDINARY, Estimate\n\n| Expendi-ture up to 31st December 1932 | Approved Estimated Expendi-ture 1933 | Revised Estimated Expendi-ture 1933 | Estimated Expendi-ture 1934 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| $ | $ | $ | $ |\n| 1,401,500 | 2,318,050 |  |  |\n| Brought forward |  |  |  |\n\n### KOWLOON,—Continued\n\n32. Telephone Cable to Shaukiwan |  | 50,000 |  | \n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  | 50,000 |  |\n33. |  |  |  |\n34. Shed for Fire Appliances, Aberdeen |  | 1,500 |  |\n35. Shed for Fire Appliances. Aplichau |  | 750 |  |\n| Three Stores for H.K.V.D.C. |  | 1,200 |  |\n\n### PUBLIC WORKS EXTRAORDINARY,-Continued\n\n| Expendi-ture up to 31st December 1932 | Approved Estimated Expendi-ture 1933 | Revised Estimated Expendi-ture 1933 | Estimated Expendi-ture 1934 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| $ | $ | $ | $ |\n|  | 2,318,050 |  |  |\n| Brought forward |  |  |  |\n\n62. Improving Waterloo Road from Dis-infecting Station to Railway Bridge | 10,000 | 10,000 | 10,000\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | 10,000 | 10,000 | 10,000\n63. Exhumation of Chinese Cemeteries | 20,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 | 20,000\n64. Chinese Cemeteries-Laying out new areas | 4,997 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000\n65. Refuse Dump at Suung Wong Toi | 14,500 | 6,000 | 6,000 | 8,000\n66. Laying a telephone cable between Kowloon Railway Station and Water Police Station |  | 3,000 | 3,000 | \n67. Back Lane Service Pipes |  |  |  | \n68. Distribution Mains | 21,017 | 15,000 | 15,000 | 12,000\n69. New Service Reservoir Yaumati | 180,000 | 150,000 | 105,000 | 140,000\n70. Distribution Circuit from New Reservoir. | 29,940 | 17,230 | 20,000 | 15,000\n\n37. New Principal Mains | 115,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 | \n38. Eastern Pumping Scheme | 7,000 | 7,000 | 7,000 | \n39. Construction of Rubble Mound between Oil Street and M.L. 321 | 60,000 |  |  | \n40. Construction of Rubble Mound at Kennedy Town | 75,000 | 40,000 | 35,000 | 30,000\n41. Resumptions for road widening schemes approved by Government as rebuilding occurs |  | 10,000 | 22,870 | \n42. Resumptions. Aplichau | 7,100 | 7,100 | 10,000 | \n43. Anti-malaria works, including cost of resumptions | 120,000 | 100,000 | 120,000 | 120,000\n\n### KOWLOON\n\n44. Magistracy at Yaumati | 250,000 | 270,000 | 36,000 | \n45. Kowloon Hospital Additions | 326,000 | 180,000 | 35,000 | 70,000\n46. New Residence for Director of Royal Observatory | 37,000 |  | 15,000 | 20,000\n47. New Central British School. Buildings and site formation | 552,000 | 120,000 | 22,000 | 50,000\n48. Mong Kok Tsui New Market | 18,000 | 18,000 | 18,000 | \n49. Market at Tong Mi | 22,000 | 22,000 | 22,000 | \n50. Kowloon Hospital Outpatients Department | 114,000 | 70,000 | 14,000 | 80,000\n51. Latrine at junction of Xingpo and Woosung Streets | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 | \n52. Accommodation for Mong Kok Fire Sub-Station | 40,000 |  |  | \n53. Hung Hom Government Store | 100,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 11,460\n54. Temporary Post Office Building at Kowloon Point |  |  |  | 30,000\n55. Roads | 102,449 | 80,000 | 130,000 | 130,000\n56. (a) Training Nullahs |  | 50,000 | 50,000 | 30,000\n57. (b) Misc. Drainage Works | 82,715 | 70,000 | 130,000 | 100,000\n58. Miscellaneous | 3,959 | 5,000 | 5,000 | 4,000\n59. (a) Miscellaneous | 6,945 |  |  | \n60. (b) Meters |  | 8,000 | 8,000 | 8,000\n61. Fort Works | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | \n\n### NEW KOWLOON\n\n71. Rubble Mound & Wall between K.M.L. 97 and Sung Wong Toi Road | 120,000 |  | 20,000 | \n72. Compensation & Resumptions | 775 | 10,000 | 15,000 | 15,000\n73. Typhoon Signal Station. Between Kowloon Tong and Kowloon City |  | 8,200 | 3,200 | \n74. Roads | 58,306 | 60,000 | 75,000 | 75,000\n75. (a) Training Nullahs | 21,621 | 30,000 | 50,000 | 50,000\n76. (b) Misc. Drainage Works | 122,885 | 100,000 | 150,000 | 150,000\n77. Water Works:-Miscellaneous | 8,083 | 5,000 | 4,000 | 4,000\n78. Port Works |  | 500 | 500 | 500\n79. Chinese Cemeteries-Laying out new areas | 2,996 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000\n80. Refuse Pier at Kweilin Street, Shanshuipo |  |  | 8,700 | 3,700\n81. Refuse Dump at Cheung Sha Wan |  | 8,500 | 8,500 | 5,000\n82. Kowloon Tsai Development | 408,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 | 50,000\n83. Levelling site of New Polo Ground and stream diversion |  |  |  | \n84. Two postal kiosks |  | 8,000 | 11,000 | 2,500\n85. Police Revolver Range |  | 50,000 | 60,000 | \n86. ... |  |  |  | \n\n| 2,318,050 |  |  | \n| Carried forward... | 2,764,950 |  | \n\nPage 130\nPage 131",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-1 Estimates 1934 4-10-1933 - 17-4-1934.txt",
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    {
        "id": 538139,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-545-1 Estimates 1934 4-10-1933 - 17-4-1934",
        "page_number": 168,
        "title": "CO129-545-1 Estimates 1934 4-10-1933 - 17-4-1934",
        "content_text": "## PORT WORKS\n### Sub-head 39. Construction of Rubble Mound between Oil Street and M.L. 321, $10,000\nTo complete the rubble mound in connection with the reclamation of the area in front of the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club premises.\n\n### 40. Construction of Rubble Mound at Kennedy Town, $40,000\nTo complete the mound required to provide an alternative dumping area for recurrent dredging and building debris.\n\n## PUBLIC HEALTH & BUILDINGS ORDINANCE\n### 41. Resumptions for Road Widening Schemes approved by Government as rebuilding occurs, $10,000\nThis vote is to cover expenditure in connection with resumptions of private properties fronting on roads which require either widening or realignment.\n\n### 42. Resumption, Aplichau, $7,100\nTo resume certain areas which at present obstruct the economical development of the village.\n\n## ANTI-MALARIAL WORK\n### 43. Anti-Malarial Works including purchase of land, $100,000\nThis vote is for anti-malarial work in Hong Kong, Kowloon and the New Territories. It provides for the training of stream courses, and draining of swamps to prevent the breeding of mosquitoes.\n\n## KOWLOON\n### BUILDINGS\n#### 44. Kowloon Magistracy, $120,000\nThe work consists of the erection of a Magistracy Building on the borders of King's Park and adjoining Gascoigne Road. The building will be of three stories and contain, in addition to the two large Court Rooms, a small Juvenile Court, Waiting Rooms, Stores for Records, Cells and Detention Room, Quarters for Messengers etc., Magistrates' Chambers, Solicitors' Room and Office accommodation for the Administrative Staff. The top floor will consist of two European Flats. The building will replace the old and inadequate temporary Magistracy now contained in what was formerly the Yaumati Police Station.\n\n#### 45. Kowloon Hospital Additions, $36,000\nTo complete the additions which comprise a new General Ward Block for 3rd class patients, a block of Nurses' Quarters and an additional Medical Officer's house.\n\n#### 46. New Residence for Director of Royal Observatory, $22,000\nTo complete the erection of a detached house in the Observatory grounds for the use of the Director.\n\n#### 47. New Central British School, Buildings and site formation, $50,000\nTo complete work on the site formation of this school.\n\n#### 48. Mong Kok Tsui New Market, $18,000\nThe proposed building is of the usual market type, one storey in height with open sides and caretaker's quarters on the roof. Accommodation includes 21 stalls and a poultry killing room.\n\n#### 49. Market at Tong Mi, $22,000\nTo provide for the erection of the usual type one storey open market comprising 24 stalls with caretaker's quarters on the roof. The site is on the west side of Laichikok Road, on that area reserved for the Sanitary Department according to the Town Planning layout.\n\n#### 50. Kowloon Hospital Out-patients Department, $70,000\nThe existing accommodation in the main hospital block is totally inadequate to cope with the increasing number of out-patients. The new block will be sited at the Waterloo Road-Argyle Street entrance to the hospital. It is one storey in height and consists of a large central waiting hall with consulting and examining rooms opening off.\n\n#### 51. Latrine at the Junction of Ningpo & Woosung Streets, $6,000\nTo convert the existing dry latrine into one with a water carriage system.\n\n#### 52. Accommodation for Mong Kok Fire Substation, $40,000\nTo provide accommodation for additional fire fighting appliances and personnel in the Mong Kok area.\n\n#### 53. Hung Hom Government Store, $20,000\nThe want of a building sufficient to protect stores from the weather has been apparent for some time.\n\n#### 54. Temporary Post Office Building at Kowloon Point, $30,000\nWith a view to the ultimate redevelopment of Government buildings at Kowloon Point and to meet the demand for better postal facilities, it is proposed to construct a temporary post office on the vacant land to the east of and opposite the Peninsula Hotel.\n\n### GENERAL WORKS\n#### 55. Roads, $80,000\nThe vote will meet expenditure incurred by road surfacing, kerbing, channelling and the construction of footpaths in new areas under development.\n\n#### 56. Drainage (a) Training Nullahs, $1,000\nTo make provision for stream course improvement in areas under development.\n\n#### 57. (b) Miscellaneous Drainage Works, $70,000\nThis vote is mainly for the provision of sewers and storm water drains in areas under development.\n\n#### 58. Miscellaneous, $5,000\nThe vote provides funds in respect of various small works which arise during the year.\n\n#### 59. Water Works (a) Miscellaneous, $8,000\nTo provide for extensions to subsidiary water mains and miscellaneous minor works.\n\n#### 60. (b) Meters, $50,000\nTo provide for the installation of meters throughout the year.\n\n#### 61. Port Works, $1,000\nRequired for taking soundings, borings and preliminary investigations in connection with new and proposed harbour works, foreshore dumping etc.\n\n### COMMUNICATIONS\n#### 62. Improving Waterloo Road from Disinfecting Station to Railway Bridge, $10,000\nTo complete Waterloo Road to its full width over the above section.\n\n206",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-1 Estimates 1934 4-10-1933 - 17-4-1934.txt",
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    {
        "id": 544763,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935",
        "page_number": 69,
        "title": "CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935",
        "content_text": "## 70. Gas Lighting\nThe total number of street lamps in use at the end of the year, all of which were incandescent, was 556, an increase of 1 over the previous year.\n\nThe fitting of Reflectors to the Gas Lamps in Kowloon was undertaken by the Gas Company, without expense to Government, and resulted in better illumination.\n\nExpenditure\n$33,926.26\n\n## 71. Electric Lighting\nThe total number of lamps in use at the end of the year was 589, an increase of 67 over the previous year.\n\nRed and green traffic lights were installed in connexion with the Vehicular Ferry at Jordan Road.\n\nExpenditure\n$34,780.29\n\n## 72. Typhoon and Rainstorm Damage\nFollowing typhoons repairs of greater or less importance were carried out to the following buildings: Hung Hom Police Station, Signal Hill, Yaumati Pig Market, Royal Observatory and Kowloon Hospital.\n\nRepairs were carried out to the Hung Hom Ferry Pier after the typhoon which occurred in September.\n\nExpenditure\n$1,098.72\n\n## 78. Maintenance of Water Works\nA constant supply was maintained on 172 days during the year, compared with 272 in 1932.\n\nOwing to the protracted dry season and the low rainfall it was necessary to impose the following restrictions: 1st to 24th January, and 28th January to 30th April, 10 hours per diem (6-11 A.M. and 4-9 P.M.). 1st May to 27th June, 6 hours per diem (6-9 A.M. and 4.30-7.30 P.M.). 26th August to 12th September, 10 hours per diem.\n\nAs the construction of the Yaumati Hill Service Reservoir had not been completed by the end of the year pressures had to be augmented by connections from the 24\" trunk main.\n\nA new centrifugal pump, driven by a 12 H.P. Petter Engine, was installed in the Pump House below Pineapple Pass. The pump is capable of delivering 28,000 gallons an hour into the Conduit and easily deals with the dry weather flow of the Shing Mun River at that point.\n\nThe total yield of the Shing Mun River as measured by the Recorder and V. Gauge at the Upper intake was 2883.4 million gallons as compared with 4017.86 million gallons last year. In addition 98.12 million gallons were obtained from the Needle Hill stream intake. The pumps below Pineapple Pass worked on 228 days during the year and delivered 53.78 million gallons, equivalent to 236,000 gallons for each working day. During the year 1782.69 million gallons were delivered from the Shing Mun Valley through the Tunnels into the Reception and Byewash Reservoirs, but a percentage of this quantity could not be stored and ran to waste. The minimum monthly yield was in March when the quantity delivered was 52.50 million gallons.\n\nThe total quantity filtered by the Paterson Filtration Plant during the year was 1469.97 million gallons, 396.92 million gallons of which were supplied to Hong Kong.\n\nThe total quantity of water supplied during the year was 2051.84 million gallons (excluding 101.49 million gallons supplied to Water Boats at Lai Chi Kok), which gives an average daily consumption of 5.62 million gallons or 18.0 gallons per head based on an estimated population of 316,000. Details are given in `Table IX`.\n\nThe quantity of water stored in the impounding reservoirs on 1st January was 581.67 million gallons and a minimum of 209.48 million gallons was reached on 29th May.\n\n| Reservoirs | Capacity to permanent overflow level (Million Gallons) | Overflow Periods |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Kowloon | 352.50 | 166 days at various times between 1st January 31st December |\n| Kowloon Byewash | 185.50 | 31 days at various times between 13th September 7th November |\n| Shek Li Pui | 116.10 | 69 days at various times between 4th August 11th November |\n| Shing Mun Reception | 33.15 | 186 days at various times between 9th January 31st December |\n\nThe quantity in storage at the end of the year was 653.37 million gallons.\n\nThere were 117 street fountains in use at the close of the year.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935.txt",
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    {
        "id": 544775,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935",
        "page_number": 81,
        "title": "CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935",
        "content_text": "## Q 41\n### GENERAL WORKS\n\n#### 159. Roads\nThe undermentioned roads were kerbed and channelled, the footpaths being paved with granolithic paving or slabs, and the necessary improvements made in front of new buildings erected during the year: Argyle Street, Arran Street, Ashley Road, Austin Road, Baker Street, Battery Street, Boundary Street, Bute Street, Canton Road, Chatham Road, Ching Lung Street, Cooke Street, Dock Street, Duke Street, Ema Avenue, Fa Yuen Street, Fife Street, Ha Heung Road, Hack Po Street, Hong Lok Street, Jordan Road, Julia Avenue, Kansu Street, Kau Pui Shek Road, Ki Lung Street, Kimberley Road, Knight Street, Lai Chi Kok Road, Lok Shan Road, Ma Tau Chung Road, Ma Tau Wai, Middle Road, Mong Kok Road, Nathan Road, Nelson Street, New Street, Observatory Road, Pak Tai Street, Parkes Street, Peking Road, Ping Street, Pitt Street, Playing Field Road, Portland Street, Prince Edward Road, Sai Yee Street, Sai Yeung Choi Street, Shanghai Street, Shantung Street, Soy Street, Sung Street, Sung Wong Toi Road, Tai Street, Tack Hing Street, Tam Kung Road, To Kwa Wan Road, Tong Mi Road, Tung Choi Street, Waterloo Road, Wu-hu Street, Yim Po Fong Street, Yu Chau Street.\n\nExpenditure\n$100,038.18\n\n#### 160. Drainage\n(a) Training Nullahs.--Small improvements with extensions were effected to existing nullahs.\n\nExpenditure\n$219.99\n\n(b) Miscellaneous Drainage Works.--New sewers and storm water drains varying in diameter from 84\" to 6\" were constructed to a length of 13,081 feet, principally at To Kwa Wan, Ma Tau Wai, Kau Pui Shek, Sung Wong Toi, Ho Mun Tin and Kowloon Point. The existing large outfall sewers were extended at Kowloon City. A nullah at Sung Wong Toi was extended seawards. Numerous additions and extensions to the existing storm water drainage in the several districts were completed. The number of drain connections made was 191. Many new gullies with flat gully gratings were constructed and connected to the storm water drainage system.\n\nExpenditure\n$98,209.06\n\n#### 161. Miscellaneous\nThe following works were carried out under this head: The building of a rubble wall to N.W. of the Tsim Tsa Tsui Police Station and turfing of the slope, the provision of gymnastic apparatus at the Police Training School, and a few other minor works.\n\nExpenditure\n$4,117.56\n\nPage 100",
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    {
        "id": 544776,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935",
        "page_number": 82,
        "title": "CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935",
        "content_text": "## 162. (a) Miscellaneous\nThe following works were carried out under this head: 210 feet of 6\" cast iron pipe were laid in Pine Tree Hill Road, 170 feet of 6\" cast iron pipe in Lok Shan Road, 24 feet of 6\" cast iron pipe in Pei Ho Street, 225 feet of 4\" cast iron pipe in Hill Wood Road, 280 feet of 3\" wrought iron pipe, 350 feet of 5\" cast iron pipe and 280 feet of 2\" wrought iron pipe in Ho Man Tin Street. Electric lighting was installed at Yaumati Depot. Hardwood fencing was erected round the yard at Yaumati Depot.\n\nExpenditure  \n$6,927.59\n\n## (b) Meters\n1,237 meters were issued from store and charged to this head during the year.\n\nExpenditure  \n$69,922.76\n\n## 163. Port Works\nExpenditure under this head was for the taking of borings off Kowloon Point, the erection of turnstiles and an electric clock at Mong Kok Tsui Ferry Pier, and for other minor works.\n\nExpenditure  \n$818.18\n\n## 164. Chatham Road Extension\nThis work was referred to in paragraph 138 of last year's Report. The Contract was completed in 1932, and only the Retention money ($5,000.00) was paid in 1933.\n\n1933 Expenditure  \n$5,000.00  \nExpenditure to 31st Dec., 1933... $162,762.91\n\n## 165. Improving existing main roads for motor traffic\nThe Contract for resurfacing Prince Edward Road with 7\" reinforced concrete from the Railway Bridge to Leven Road was awarded to Messrs. Hop Hing & Son on 26th April, and the work was satisfactorily completed by August.\n\nExpenditure  \n$43,063.72\n\n## 166. Improving Waterloo Road from Nathan Road to Railway Bridge\nReinforced cement concrete decking was constructed to the nullah in Waterloo Road for a length of 333 feet and various lengths of parapet walling were completed.\n\nExpenditure  \n$9,032.70\n\n## 167. Exhumation from Chinese Cemeteries\nNo exhumations were carried out during 1933.\n\nExpenditure  \nNil\n\n## 168. Chinese Cemeteries.-Laying out new areas\nReference has been made to this work in paragraph 31 of this Report.\n\n1933 Expenditure  \n$3,953.35\n\n## 169. Refuse Dump at Sung Wong Toi\nThis work was referred to in paragraph 142 of last year's Report. A new contract was let to Messrs. Chung Lee & Co. in March and satisfactory progress was maintained during the year.\n\n1933 Expenditure  \n$5,531.28  \nExpenditure to 31st Dec., 1933... $11,429.95\n\n## 170. Rewiring of Government Buildings\nThe following seven buildings were completely rewired for electric light, power and fans; total number of points, two hundred and ninety-eight: Nos. 2 and 3 Royal Observatory Quarters; Tsim Sha Tsui, Mong Kok and Hung Hom Markets; Yaumati Police Station and Police Training School.\n\nExpenditure  \n$6,149.14\n\n## 171. Resumption of Ma Tau Wei Village\nThe Government obtained possession of all the village lots by exchange. There was, therefore, no expenditure under this head.\n\nExpenditure  \nNil\n\n## 172. Upkeep of Government Sites\nNo work was done under this head during 1933.\n\nExpenditure  \nNil\n\n## 173. Mong Kok Police Station, Fence wall with railings\nThe work consisted of the levelling of the ground and the erection of a wall on reinforced concrete foundations, to enclose the extended boundary of the site. It was completed in May.\n\nExpenditure  \n$2,981.93\n\n## 174. Back Lane Service Pipes\n9,432 feet of 1\" to 3\" diameter wrought iron piping were laid as subsidiary mains in back lanes. 521 houses were connected to these mains during the year.\n\nExpenditure  \n$14,230.43\n\n## 175. New Service Reservoir, Yaumati Hill\nThis work was referred to in paragraph 149 of last year's Report. Excellent progress was made during the year, the concrete to walls, invert, piers and half the roof slab being completed, and the framework and reinforcement for the remainder of the roof being ready for concreting.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935.txt",
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    {
        "id": 545955,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-550-1 Estimates 1935 14-9-1934 - 15-9-1934",
        "page_number": 88,
        "title": "CO129-550-1 Estimates 1935 14-9-1934 - 15-9-1934",
        "content_text": "C. S. O.\n\nM.F. 237.\n\nassistance and encouragement such a scheme.\n\nto through this prolonged trade depression. A choice of two evils presented itself alternatively in proposals for cuts in salaries or reduction in the personnel of the staff. The less harmful of the two courses was chosen.\n\nCare Of Lepers. There is another matter which I should like to mention. The Hon. Colonial Secretary in dealing with ambulance work mentioned in his speech about lepers. I am informed that the number of lepers in the Colony are increasing. We have no facilities here for dealing with such cases except deporting them. From The Leper Quarterly issued by the Chinese Mission to Lepers, whose Headquarters is in Shanghai, and there is a branch office here, I understand that there is a leprosery in the Malay States under the control of the Government there; and a new cure is claimed to have been discovered by that institution. In my visit to the Leper Settlement at Tai Kam Island in June last, which is under the management of the Rev. Dr. John Lake, I found this unfortunate people there received great comfort through religious influence. I hope therefore, that our Excellency, who is so deeply interested in all charitable and humane works in the Colony, will direct an enquiry as to the feasibility of having a hospital in Hongkong for these most unfortunate social outcasts.\n\n\"Axe\" For Civil Service. In the application of the axe some firms have thought fit to institute an all-round cut in salaries of a uniform rate whilst others have worked on a sliding scale of reduction so as to inflict a minimum of hardship. The scale was graduated to a point below which it did not proceed, since it is considered that clerks and others of that category must be paid at least a living wage.\n\nExcessive Privileges. The cogency of my criticism will appear with more telling effect when it is appreciated that the cost of transport of Government servants figures at the colossal sum of exactly half a million dollars for 1935 against 42 lakhs this year. Not many ratepayers, I feel sure, realise the extent of the cost to the Colony which certain privileges enjoyed by Civil Servants entail. These privileges take the form of passage allowance, among others, to non-domiciled officers on account of leave to England and back. I am aware that I am treading on delicate ground when approaching this subject. Leave privileges are defended on the principle that they assume a form of insurance for fitness and efficiency. This insurance premium is probably justified in the case of the front rank members of officialdom and of especial technical officers; but in all other cases my submission is that the insurance premia are much too high during these lean years.\n\nGenerous Conditions In Civil Service. It will be recalled that on June 19, 1930, this Council voted that sum of over one and a half million dollars to ameliorate the condition of the officers of the Government because of the high cost of living then prevailing. The increases to salaries granted under the recommendations of the Gollan Commission have been continued ever since, despite the Colony's altered economic condition the worse. The local cost of living is now substantially lower. The Colony in turn expects some little reciprocity and in this expectation they have no desire to inflict upon the employees of Government the least hardship. Any saving in personal emoluments could be applied towards an abatement of rates from which the humblest inhabitant stands to benefit.\n\nOverburdened With Officers. Scrutinizing the Estimates with some care, I fail to discover that any real effort has been made to curtail the cost of the permanent establishment of the Colony. For example, the proposal to recruit two new Cadets results in the emolument for the Colonial Secretary's department being increased by a sum of $41,000 in 1935. In fact, the impression is very widely held that the Colonial Secretariat is already overburdened with a number of officers of this category and in times when economy should be the first consideration it is a doubtful expedient, to say the least, to add to the cost of administration the salaries of new officers of a grade that entails higher expenditure.\n\nMR. BRAGA'S ATTACK.\n\nOwing to sickness, the Hon. Mr. J. P. Braga was absent, but his speech, read by Hon. Mr. Bell, was as follows:-Your Excellency, I must confess to some disappointment with the Government statement in presenting the Estimates for next year. This disappointment rises from the fact that, while the trade depression formed the keynote of the Honourable the Colonial Secretary's review of the Estimates, the Government has shown no practical sympathy with the Colony in the difficult times through which it is passing. A substantial evidence of such sympathy would have been greatly appreciated if some scheme had been formulated for a reduction in the high cost of the Colony's administration.\n\nKOWLOON MATTERS.\n\nWhile critical of an uneconomical policy dictating the engagement of sterling-paid officers for posts that could be filled with equal efficiency by local men, I must not withhold my meed of praise to the Director of the Royal Observatory in attempting \"to train local officers on his present staff to the necessary degree of efficiency as Magnetic Observers so as to obviate the need of employing another professional assistant.\" The Director's example might be followed advantageously by other heads of departments. I regard his recommendation as an eloquent testimony to the efficiency of his subordinates who deserve the Colony's thanks.\n\nSimilarly, the Treasurer's proposal to increase the number of his Cadet assistants by one, who will act as Superintendent of the Stamp Office, cannot be regarded as a recommendation in the direction of economy. I have a perfect recollection of the days when the duties of Superintendent of the Stamp Office were discharged by locally-recruited officers to the entire satisfaction of the business community. I cannot see any justification for the change.\n\nThe same criticism must be directed against the proposed employment of a sterling officer to fill the new post of Assistant Superintendent of Mails in the Post Office.\n\nThe retiring Inspector General of Police will permit an appreciation of his effort at economy in putting Chinese Sub-Officers in charge of certain Fire Brigade Sub-Stations for duties hitherto performed by a European in charge of a Station, thus avoiding the increasing cost of the European establishment.\n\nHigher Rate Threat. In the matter of the collection of rates, the Colonial Secretary has raised the point of difficulty experienced in such collection and suggests as one of the steps for speeding up collection \"an increase in the rate with a corresponding decrease if payment is tendered within the legal period provided in the Rating Ordinance.\" I would appeal strongly to the Colonial Treasurer to desist from carrying out an experiment of doubtful value. There is real danger that the increased rate would be passed on to the tenant by a type of landlords with whom the honourable member on my right is probably well acquainted.\n\nTouching on the question of those services that ensure the health, security and general well-being of the community I entertain serious doubts if the ratepayers are entirely satisfied with the Government's present policy. Many entertain the view that the medical services of the Colony are insufficiently financed and my friends, the unofficial members of the Sanitary Board, are loud in declaiming the ...",
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    {
        "id": 547330,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-552-3 Annual abstract account- 1933-4 1-1-1933 - 14-8-1936",
        "page_number": 11,
        "title": "CO129-552-3 Annual abstract account- 1933-4 1-1-1933 - 14-8-1936",
        "content_text": "COLONY OF HONG KONG.\n\nSTATEMENT SHOWING THE TOTAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1934\n\nHEAD OF SERVICE.\n\n  \n    Amount Estimate\n    Actual\n    Total Receipts.\n    More than Estimated.\n    Less than Estimated\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Balance in hand on 1st January, 1934. 3615 472 47\n  \n\nHEAD OF SERVICE.\n\n  \n    Balance overpaid on 1st January, 1934\n    Amount Estimated.\n    Actual\n    Total Payments.\n    More than Estimated.\n    Less than Estimated\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\n  \n    His Excellency the Governor, Duties\n    5665 000\n    5707 389 28\n    \n    42 389 28\n    \n  \n  \n    Port and Harbour Dues.\n    695 000.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Licences and Internal Revenue,\n    $963 275-\n    565 45769\n    14662 796 $1\n    129 $42 31\n    \n  \n  \n    Colonial Secretary's Office and Legislature,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Secretariat for Chinese Affairs,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Treasury,\n    173 5204-\n    314 300\n    155 716 37\n    293|| MH3|13\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    168 767\n    294 518\n    141 831 49.\n    23 75218\n    \n  \n  \n    Audit Department,\n    120 866\n    101 857 39\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    District Office, North,\n    69 844\n    1300 $78 49\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Fees of Court, etc.,\n    9266 250\n    \n    22144 626 85\n    51623 15\n    \n  \n  \n    District Office, South,\n    45 175\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Post Office.\n    5T01 637\n    \n    67 365 49\n    41790 443\n    263 66\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Wireless Telegraph Service,\n    178 172\n    158 201\n    \n    '7787 69\n    30856 67\n  \n  \n    \n    26193657\n    58 765 P2\n    \n    19008 61\n    21447851\n  \n  \n    \n    31385\"\n    \n    58 373 34\n    \n    19 879 92\n  \n  \n    Imports & Exports Office,\n    ₤2020 000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Post Office,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Kowloon-Canton Railway,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Rent of Government Property, &c.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Interest,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Miscellaneous Receipts,\n    1829 297 90\n    190 702 10\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Harbour Master's Department,\n    263025 A1/69/662\n    364 104 95\n    \n    97660975\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    98920 05\n    192 982 25\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1581 000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1639 775 07\n    \n    58 775 07\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1545 000\n    1649 $24 29\n    \n    103 52429\n    \n  \n  \n    Do. Air Service,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Royal Observatory.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Pin Brigade.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Supreme Court,\n    167 ₤238\n    80 957 36\n    \n    116 280 6x6\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    70 856\n    60 587 19\n    \n    10 268 81\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    387 576\n    328 282 | 13\n    \n    29 293 87\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    283 005\n    249 03271\n    \n    33 972 29\n    \n  \n  \n    Attorney General,\n    230000\n    196 $73 71\n    \n    \n    566 1000\n  \n  \n    \n    551 371 70.\n    \n    33416 29\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Crown Solicitor's Office,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    11628 30\n  \n  \n    \n    73/3/3\n    3653/625\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    TOTAL ORDINARY,\n    29015 813\n    \n    00\n    \n    204 688 64\n  \n  \n    \n    1720 500\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Magistracy, Kowloon, Police Force,\n    3141693\n    3093 466\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Prisons Department.\n    898 403\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Official Receiver's Office.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Land Office,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Magistracy, Hong Kong.\n    68 59%\n    35422 70261\n    71512\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    4178882\n    \n    22 832 02\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    52 896 92\n    78 215 85\n    3873799\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    12808 047 57\n    \n    703 85\n    138 99-\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    17 364 08\n    \n    265|410 | 43\n    68 704 29\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    63 432 77\n    \n    5163 22\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    31 52444 18\n    \n    12 599 98\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    829 798 71\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Medical Department,\n    1200 000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Land Sales,\n    5-58 472 57\n    641 527 43\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Sanitary Department,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Botanical & Forestry Department,\n    1745 589\n    1179 39%\n    136 423\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1805 264 05\n    \n    240 324 95\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1051 797 13\n    \n    403 14\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Education Department,\n    2007 363\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Kowloon Canton Railway,\n    11442 781\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Defence: (a) Volunteer Defence Corps\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    (b) Military Contributions\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Miscellaneous Services\n    173 113 49.74\n    158 1528 270-\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Charitable Services\n    201 041\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Charge on account of Public Debt Pensions\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Public Works Department,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Do.\n    Recurrent\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    SUB TOTAL\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Do.\n    Extraordinary,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1439305\n    2000000\n    12718748\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1690 850-\n    799750\n    7457-\n    3591 950\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    €33426911\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    JAZ 1781 163 46\n    \n    989 167 28\n    153 222 62\n    506813879\n  \n  \n    \n    1960 653 9.2.\n    163 959 57\n    1233 582 62\n    1748 117 1\n    ||2304 640 98\n  \n  \n    \n    1683 239 71\n    $7364 990 1\n    \n    3784 165 5!\n    149 15s 66\n  \n  \n    \n    93|986|79\n    \n    #34 383 92\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    127 596 87\n    901956 226\n    199 24\n    153 61373\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1989038\n    \n    37 081\n    205 725 38\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    341 992 89\n    MIH 107\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    761029\n    \n    02\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    2922 968 M6\n    \n    537 2/3 ♪\n    192 215 51\n    7294629 06\n  \n  \n    \n    |2982 968 40\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    EN\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nTOTAL REVENUE,\n\nLiso\n\nHome than ESTIMATED,\n\nTotal Revenue including Balance,\n\nSTE TOTAL\n\nNAVAL ARSENAL YARD AND KELLET ISLAND GOVERNMENT Horse & CITY DEVELOPMENT ......\n\n  \n    100 000\n    $1731625\n    29574 285 57\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    204 685 64\n    2362 028 07\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    204 688 64\n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nTOTAL EXPENDITURE, GENERAL ACCOUNT, $34.82 695\n\n2/57 339 43\n\nLESS THAN ESTIMATED\n\n33189 755 04\n\nTotal Expenditure including Balance,\n\n1\n\nBIING 155 66\n\n729 42906\n\n31149 158 66\n\nRECEIPTS.\n\nGovernment House and City Development Fund\n\nSubsidiary Coin Account,\n\nDeposits Not Available,\n\nAdvance Account,\n\nBuilding Loan Account,\n\nImprest Account,\n\nHouse Service Account.\n\nCrown Agents Remittances,\n\nUnallocated Stores, P. W. D.,\n\nDo.\n\nCoal Account,\n\nInvestment Account,\n\nSuspense Account,\n\nRailway,\n\nLorry Haulage Account,\n\n  \n    487023:03\n    2/49125962\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    ||9291 93198\n    10 800\n    90 39/130\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    10172 16909\n    | 1184136 | 55\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    545 177 76\n    141 751 01\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    2347 271 15\n    2649 302 92\n    \n    29 496 73\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    2268 400.\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Fixed Deposit Account.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Prays East Reclamation Scheme,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Trade Loan Account,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Joint Colonial Fund,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Investment Realization Account,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Remittances-Cash Between Chests\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Adjustment of Exchange Account\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    32% Dollar Loan Ciccount.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    24 717 39\n    10806 262 41\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    17 127 914\n    94845397\n    \n    1069 488 32\n    \n  \n  \n    38735 618 69\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    106272992\n    36\n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nPAYMENTS.\n\nGovernment House and City Development Fund\n\nSubsidiary Coin Account,\n\nDeposits Not Available.\n\nAdvance Account,\n\nBuilding Loan Account, linprest Account,\n\nHouse Service Account,\n\nCrown Agents Remittances,\n\nUnallocated Stores, P. W. D.,\n\nRailway,\n\nDo.\n\nCoal Account,\n\nInvestment Account,\n\nSuspense Account,\n\nLorry Haulage Account,\n\nFixed Deposit Account,\n\nPraya Enst Reclamation Scheme,\n\nTrade Loan Account,\n\nJoint Colonial Fund,\n\nInvestment Realization Account,\n\nRemittances-Cush Between Chests Adjustment of Exchange Account\n\n31/2°/ Dollar Leam Accounts\n\n  \n    8935 00\n    233 406 18\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    2688 979|11\n    2395 698 35′′\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    25 740 90\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    116 4412 68\n    0/\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    77 256\n    10152 209 69\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1270 475 72\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    527 932 97\n    1H1 785 44\n    \n    73655692\n    \n  \n  \n    2640 860 99\n    29 496 73\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    | 8952 | 110 | 98\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    128 18\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1209 13\n    114.78\n    \n    176 30\n    \n  \n  \n    17127 94\n    9.48\n    \n    453 87\n    \n  \n  \n    1178 258 16\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    20952 685 99\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    ་\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nBalance\n\nTreasury, Hong Kong,\n\n27th March 1935\n\nI\n\nThe above account has been examined under my directions in accordance with the Colonial Regulations and the General Instructions and Rules of the Colonial Audit Department. have obtained all the information and explanations that I have required, and I certify, as a result of this audit, that in my\n\nopinion the account is correct, subject to the observations contained in my report.\n\nA.. Harding\n\n·\n\n-Director of Colonial Audit.\n\nDecember 1935-Dir\n\n403923 142\n\n2349 849\n\n406272 992 36\n\n56\n\n100:000\n\n1\n\n3022 968 40\n\n72942906\n\n229353934\n\n10\n\n(Sd) Edwin Taylor.\n\nTreasurer.\n\nExammied.\n\nSt Collinie Huditor\n\n5 August 1935.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-552-3 Annual abstract account- 1933-4 1-1-1933 - 14-8-1936.txt",
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    {
        "id": 549683,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-555-2 Estimates 1936 30-8-1935 - 29-1-1937",
        "page_number": 92,
        "title": "CO129-555-2 Estimates 1936 30-8-1935 - 29-1-1937",
        "content_text": "There was some disagreement between the Hon. Sir William Shenton and the Hon. Mr. R. H. Kotewall regarding the question of the use of surplus balances for the purpose of balancing the Budget, the former expressing the opinion that the Government was already encroaching too deeply upon these reserves, while the Hon. Mr. Kotewall held the view that more use should be made of them.\n\nThe general tenor of the speeches was one of satisfaction as to the policy of the Government.\n\nAt the conclusion of the business, appreciation was pressed by His Excellency, by the Hon. Sir Henry Pollock on behalf of the Unofficial Members, and by the Hon. Mr. S. W. Ts'o on behalf of the Chinese community, of the services rendered by the Hon. Mr. R. H. Kotewall during his twelve years as a member of the Council, and regret was expressed at his resignation.\n\nRegret was also expressed at the impending departure of Lieut.-General O. C. Borrett, who leaves for England on Saturday.\n\nHis Excellency the Officer Administering the Government (Hon. Mr. N. L. Smith), presided, and there were also present:\n\nHis Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops (Lieut.-General O. C. Borrett, C.B., C.M.G., C.B.E., D.S.O.);\n\nThe Colonial Secretary (Hon. Mr. R. A. D. Forrest, Acting);\n\nThe Attorney General (Hon. Mr. C. G. Alabaster, K.C., O.B.E.);\n\nThe Secretary for Chinese Affairs (Hon. Mr. E. H. Williams, Acting);\n\nThe Colonial Treasurer (Hon. Mr. E. Taylor);\n\nHon. Dr. W. B. A. Moore (Director of Medical and Sanitary Services, Acting);\n\nHon. Commander G. F. Hole, R.N., (Retired), (Harbour Master);\n\nHon. Mr. R. M. Henderson (Director of Public Works);\n\nHon. Mr. M. J. Breen (Postmaster General);\n\nHon. Sir Henry Pollock, Kt., K.C.;\n\nHon. Sir William Shenton, Kt.;\n\nHon. Mr. R. H. Kotewall, C.M.G., LL.D.;\n\nHon. Mr. J. B. Braga, O.B.E.;\n\nHon. Mr. S. W. T'so, O.B.E., LL.D.;\n\nHon. Mr. J. J. Paterson;\n\nHon. Mr. T. N. Chau;\n\nMr. A. W. G. H. Grantham (Deputy Clerk of Councils).\n\nPROMISE OF ECONOMY\n\nIt is satisfactory to note that, for the time being, no new taxation is being imposed, and we are glad to see that the Government is reducing the charges for excess water. It is also satisfactory that, notwithstanding the need for drastic economy, Queen Mary Hospital is being vigorously proceeded with, whilst the 75-foot road from Causeway Bay to Ming Yuen (now known as King's Road), the Central British School and the new Kowloon Magistracy will be completed next year.\n\nToo Many Regulations Regarding retrenchment of staffs, we are glad to learn that the Government is carefully considering whether it is absolutely necessary to fill up posts as vacancies occur. Our staff of Civil Servants is a very large one, even after making the fullest allowance for the fact that the Government has also to perform the duties of a Municipality. Indeed it is considered by some that we have too many Regulations in this Colony and too large a staff of subordinate officers fussing about and worrying people. Also the prevalent notion that Police Officers and Sanitary Inspectors acquire merit by prosecuting people is apt to render the Government unpopular and to make the man in the street consider that we could do with fewer of such Officers.\n\nCity Development Under Public Works Department, we agree that in these times of depression, it is advisable to retain as many employees as possible on a temporary basis. In regard to Government House and City Development, we consider that the Government is wise to call a halt for the time being, to a scheme of this expensive nature which originated in more prosperous times.\n\nWith reference to the Shing Mun Dam, we note with pleasure the highly satisfactory progress which has been made, enabling some water to be impounded from the first of last month. We congratulate Mr. Gifford Hull and his staff, upon being so well forward with this important scheme.\n\nShing Mun reminds us of the excellent anti-malarial work which has been done by Dr. R. B. Jackson and his Staff not only in that neighbourhood but also in the Peak District which is now more free from mosquitoes than it has been for very many years past. Also much good anti-malarial work has been and is being done in Kowloon Tong, Stanley, Shek O and elsewhere.\n\nA full report by Dr. Jackson on anti-malarial measures during 1934 appears on pages 116 to 158 of the Report of the Acting Director of Medical and Sanitary Services for 1934, and induces us to urge that, if possible, more money should be devoted to anti-malarial work than is at present included in the Estimates for 1936.\n\nWe trust that the forthcoming cemetery extension at Hammer Hill will, in the course of the next ten years, enable the Central Cemetery at Kowloon to be released for building and other development purposes, a very necessary step forward in the town-planning of Kowloon.\n\nStrong Protest\n\nThe Unofficial Members now proceed to deal with one part of the Colonial Secretary's Budget speech, to which they take the strongest exception. The passage in question reads as follows: \"In spite of all this, however, the Government would be failing in its duty if it did not contemplate in advance the steps that will have to be taken in 1936 if there should either be a sharp drop in the dollar rate or a serious decline in revenue or possibly both. As I have said, no additional taxation has been imposed in the existing circumstances; but it is as well that a warning should now be given that this may be necessary if the state of the public finances in 1936 should show some serious deterioration. It is considered that a temporary levy on all Government Salaries, both dollars and sterling, may be necessary before the end of 1936 in the circumstances referred to, and that the Secretary of State has already given his sanction to make action on these lines.\"\n\nThe Colonial Secretary moved the second reading of a Bill intituled \"An Ordinance to apply the sum not exceeding Twenty-three million eight hundred and forty thousand and sixteen dollars to the Public Service of the year 1936\". The Colonial Treasurer seconded, and the Bill was read a second time.\n\nAddressing the Council, the Hon. Sir Henry Pollock said:-Your Excellency, As the Senior Unofficial Member I have been asked by my colleagues to express our joint views upon the Budget for 1936. At the outset we congratulate the Colonial Secretary and Mr. Grantham (whose impending departure from the Colony we very much regret) upon the able and clear statement which has been laid before us regarding the Budget. We also thank the Colonial Treasurer for his lucid and informative Memorandum on our financial position, and the Director of Public Works for his notes on Public Works Extraordinary for 1936 and also for the information which he and his Staff kindly gave us in Public Works Committee.\n\nThe Estimates contain little contentious matter, and it is fully realised that, in view of the estimated revenue for 1936 being so much lower than that for 1935, it is essential that the Government should refrain from starting expenditure on new Public Works of magnitude. At the same time we regret that many useful Public Works, over 100 in number, in the list marked \"considered but not included in the draft estimates\" (with which the Government kindly supplied us) have had to be postponed owing to present financial stress.\n\nWe approve of the additional Police defences which are being erected on the frontier and of the extra police engaged for that purpose. We agree to the new posts in the Treasury and to the proposed Aviation Meteorological Officers for the Government Observatory, and, on the ground of economy, we agree to the proposed engagement locally of ten Asiatic Sanitary Inspectors, to replace sterling-paid Officers. We approve of the two new postal kiosks and of the improved postal deliveries in outside parts of the Colony, and also of the short-wave telephone transmitter which was recommended by the Economic Commission.\n\nSalary Facts\n\nIn support of this contention of ours, we beg leave to remind Government of certain facts, which preceded the considerable increase in salaries which came into force on the ...\n\nPage 92",
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    {
        "id": 550867,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-557-3 Public Reclamation Validation and Clauses Ordinance 1936 16-7-1936 - 18-9-1936",
        "page_number": 12,
        "title": "CO129-557-3 Public Reclamation Validation and Clauses Ordinance 1936 16-7-1936 - 18-9-1936",
        "content_text": "## Saving of right of the Crown.\n\n### Saving of Admiralty rights.\n\n**Ordinance No. 8 of 1905.**\n\nor person having the charge of such vessel or float of timber through whose wilful act or negligence any such damage is done shall also be liable to make good the same: and the Government may detain any such vessel or float of timber until sufficient security has been given for the amount of damage done by the same: Provided that no such owner shall be liable, in the absence of negligence by himself or his employees, if the damage was occasioned through stress of weather conditions at a time when day or night typhoon signals No. 9 (gale expected to increase) or No. 10 (wind of typhoon force expected) are displayed by the Royal Observatory.\n\n(2) Any claim or other proceedings by the Government under this section may be brought in the name of the Attorney General.\n\n(3) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to authorise the arrest of, or proceedings against, any vessel which is the property of His Majesty or of any foreign State.\n\n11. Nothing in this Ordinance shall be deemed to be in derogation of any of the powers or rights of the Crown.\n\n12. Nothing in this Ordinance shall be deemed to authorise the construction of any works within or interfering with the Admiralty works authorised by the Naval and Military Works Ordinance, 1906, without the previous consent of His Majesty's Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.\n\nPassed the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, this 16th day of September, 1936.\n\nDate.\n\n1980\n\n## SCHEDULE.\n\n### Undertaking.\n\n| Approximate Area in Acres | Whether in Progress or Completed |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1912-1926 Reclamation at Shamshuipo | 103 | Completed |\n| 1920-1928 Tai Kok Tsui Reclamation | 84 | do. |\n| 1922-1927 Water Boat Dock at Laichikok | 1.4 | do. |\n| 1923-1927 Kowloon Bay East Reclamation | 18.5 | do. |\n| 1923-1927 Kowloon Bay West Reclamation | ... | do. |\n| 1929-1930 Passenger Ferry Pier at Shan Tung Street, Mong Kok Tsui | 128.5 | do. |\n| 1929-1930 Passenger Ferry Pier at Pei Ho Street, Shamshuipo | .25 | do. |\n| ... | First Cross-Harbour Pipe Line | 1 | do. |\n| 1931-1932 Vehicles and Passenger Ferry Pier and approaches at Jubilee Street, Hong Kong | 1.73 | do. |\n| 1931 Vehicles and Passenger Ferry Pier and approaches at Jordan Road, Kowloon | 2.66 | do. |\n| 1931 Reclamation at North Point extending eastwards from M.L. 431 | 18 | In progress |\n| 1932 Reclamation at Yacht Club | 5.66 | do. |\n| 1934 Reclamation at Kun Tong | 30 | 90 | do. |\n| 1934 Reclamation at Kennedy Town | 7 | ... | do. |\n| 1934 Refuse boat Pier and Live-stock Landing at Ma Tau Kok Road | 5 | Completed |\n| 1934 Refuse-boat Pier at Kweilin Street | .028 | 1984 |\n| 1934 Second Cross-Harbour Pipe Line | ... | do. |\n| 1934 Landing Steps at Arsenal Street | .009 | 998 | do. |\n\nD. M. MACDOUGALL.\n\nDeputy Clerk of Councils.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-561-10 Estimates 1938 2-9-1937 - 23-9-1938",
        "page_number": 310,
        "title": "CO129-561-10 Estimates 1938 2-9-1937 - 23-9-1938",
        "content_text": "## PORT WORKS\n### Sub-head 41.--North Point Reclamation Extension, $8,000.—To provide for the extension of the sea and nullah walls on part of the existing rubble mound. This wall will protect dumping already done and provide a further area for the deposition of building debris.\n\n### Sub-head 42. Kennedy Town-Construction of sea wall and cattle pier, $4,000.—To complete this work.\n\n## BUILDINGS ORDINANCE\n### Sub-head 43.-Compensation and Resumptions, $20,000.—This vote is to cover expenditure incurred in connection with the resumption of private property fronting on roads which require either widening or realignment. $10,000 of the amount is earmarked for payment of compensation in connection with the opening out of a bottle neck in Wanchai Road.\n\n## ANTI-MALARIAL WORKS\n### Sub-head 44.-Anti-Malarial Works, $50,000.-To permit the further training of stream courses and draining of swamps to prevent the breeding of mosquitoes.\n\n## KOWLOON\n### BUILDINGS\n#### Sub-head 45.-New Mental Hospital, $50,000.-The reprovisioning of the existing Mental Home is overdue. It is proposed to erect a new Home on a levelled site situated to the east of the Kowloon Hospital. No decision regarding the size or description of the building has been made, as it is considered that the new Director of Medical Services who is due in Hong Kong in December, should be consulted. The total estimated cost shown in this vote is therefore only very approximate, but a sum of $50,000 has been included in the estimates this year so that work can be put in hand as soon as possible.\n\n#### Sub-head 46. New Ward Block \"D\", Kowloon Hospital, $70,000.-This is to commence the construction of a new third-class fifty-six bed ward.\n\n#### Sub-head 47.-Coal Bins, Yaumati Slipway, $4,000.-To provide coal storage for Government launches.\n\n### GENERAL WORKS\n#### Sub-head 48.-Roads, $30,000.-The vote will meet expenditure incurred on road surfacing, kerbing, channelling and the construction of footpaths in new areas under development.\n\n#### Sub-head 49.-Drainage :-(a) Training Nullahs, $1,000.-This sum is required to meet the cost of training stream courses where this is necessary due to new development.\n#### Sub-head 49.-Drainage :-(b) Miscellaneous, $30,000.-Required to meet the cost of providing sewers and storm water drains for houses in newly developed areas.\n\n#### Sub-head 50.-Miscellaneous, $5,000.-This vote is available for all Departments and provides funds for minor works which arise during the year but are considered too small for a separate vote.\n\n### Sub-head 51.-Water Works :-(a) Meters, $25,000.-To provide for the supply of new meters throughout the year.\n### Sub-head 51.-Water Works :-(b) Miscellaneous, $6,000.-Provides for small extensions to subsidiary water mains and other miscellaneous minor works.\n\n### Sub-head 52.-Port Works, $1,000.-Required for taking soundings, borings and preliminary investigations in connection with new and proposed harbour works, foreshore dumping, etc.\n\n## MISCELLANEOUS\n### Sub-head 53.-Ma Tau Kok Slaughter House-Resurface Compound, $5,500.-To provide a new surface of impervious material.\n\n### Sub-head 54.-Royal Observatory-Flat Concrete Roof, $3,000.--To give access to a flat roof on the main block and provide a light concrete roof over this roof. This will give protection to a point of vantage for observation and to the sites of certain instruments.\n\n### Sub-head 55.-Kowloon Hospital Air conditioning of Operating Theatre, $6,500.--When this operating theatre was designed the use of air conditioning was not a common practice. It is now considered that to obtain ideal conditions the temperature and humidity of an operating theatre should be controlled.\n\n### Sub-head 56.-Chinese Cemeteries-Laying out new areas, $1,000.-To provide for new burial areas in existing cemeteries. The decrease in this vote is due to the gradual closing down of these cemeteries.\n\n### Sub-head 57.-Street Name Plates, $2,000.-To cover the expenditure required for the provision of new nameplates.\n\n### Sub-head 58. Installation of Electric light for the S.E. Drive from the Mortuary to the Kowloon Hospital, $1,200.-It is considered necessary to provide illumination for this path.\n\n## WATER WORKS\n### Sub-head 59. Back Lane Service Pipes, $5,000.-To provide for the extension of subsidiary service pipes in back lanes in newly developed areas to obviate the excessive cutting of roads which would be necessary for direct connection to principal mains. These subsidiary mains are eventually paid for by house owners when connections are requested.\n\n## BUILDINGS ORDINANCE\n### Sub-head 60.-Compensation and Resumptions, $5,000,-For expenditure in the acquisition of buildings and land necessitated by Town Planning Improvement.\n\n## ANTI-MALARIAL WORKS\n### Sub-head 61.-Anti-Malarial Works, $3,000.-For anti-malarial work in Kowloon.\n\n## NEW KOWLOON\n### BUILDINGS\n#### Sub-head 62.--New Kowloon Cemetery No. 7-Quarters, Storeroom, etc. for Sextons, $8,000.-There is no accommodation at present in this new cemetery.\n\nPage 310  \nPage 311",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-561-10 Estimates 1938 2-9-1937 - 23-9-1938.txt",
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        "id": 555262,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-563-17 Sino-Japanese War- attacks on shipping. For extracted photographs see CN 3-12 27-9-1937 - 17-1-1938",
        "page_number": 112,
        "title": "CO129-563-17 Sino-Japanese War- attacks on shipping. For extracted photographs see CN 3-12 27-9-1937 - 17-1-1938",
        "content_text": "# THE HONG KONG WEEKLY PRESS & \n## October 29, 1937\n### AMERICA'S NEW CHINA CORONER POLICY ANALYSED\n\n#### Chinese Opinion \n##### Opinion On The Change\n\n(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT)  \nCANTON, OCTOBER 21.\n\nIN VIEW OF AMERICA'S SUDDEN SWITCH IN FAR EASTERN POLICY AS A RESULT OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S SPEECH, THE WRITER MADE A CANVASS OF CHINESE OPINION WHICH SHOULD BE OF INTEREST.\n\nA leading Chinese official declared that President Roosevelt's clarion call to the nations of the world to \"make a concerted effort to uphold the laws and principles upon which alone peace can rest secure,\" showed that he is a real friend of China, and also that the school of opinion in the United States which was advocating isolationism at whatever cost was beginning to realize that if the bombings of open towns and massacre of non-combatants continued unchecked, America may not be so safe after all.\n\nAnother Chinese official thought that the first gesture of withdrawal from China was only a feeler to test the real sentiments of the American people on the policy to adopt toward Japan's aggression on an unoffending neighbour. The American wave of protests from citizens in China convinced the State Department that any withdrawal would be highly detrimental to American interests, and so President Roosevelt made his speech in Chicago.\n\n#### READY TO CO-OPERATE\nThe consensus of opinion in official, business, and educational circles in Canton is that the United States and Great Britain had now reached the stage where they were ready to co-operate in the Far East. High hopes were, therefore, entertained over the forthcoming Nine Power Conference at Brussels. \"The Chungshan Daily News\" declared in an editorial that \"the United States and China shared a common responsibility in maintaining the sanctity of international treaties and their mutual co-operation would help to stabilize the balance of power in the Pacific area and restore peace in the Far East.\"\n\nIn view of this consistent friendship, the paper continues, \"the two countries cherish a common ideal and should check the onward march of the violator of world peace in order to realize their common aim. The United States has, of course, perfect freedom of independent action in her handling of international problems, but so far as treaty obligations are concerned, such freedom ought to be limited to a certain extent. It must not be forgotten that the Nine-Power Treaty, the Briand-Kellogg Pact, and the Covenant of the League of Nations were enacted with a definite purpose by the statesmen of the world.\"\n\n\"To solve the problem of international conflicts, Mr. Cordell Hull emphasizes the need of securing peace and calls our attention to it. While we appreciate his desire for peace, it seems that his 14-point proposal is passive in nature, and although it is reported that forty-four states have already adhered to it in principle, they have not yet taken any practical steps to realize this high ideal,\" the paper continues.\n\n#### THE ONLY STEP\nThe paper then says that \"in the face of Japanese armed aggression, China is taking the only appropriate steps in the defence of her territorial sovereignty. It is hoped that President Roosevelt will lend his active support on the side of right and justice, especially when he says that 'America actively engages in the search for peace.'\"\n\n\"The Canton Gazette\" holds the opinion that \"unaided, the United States will not be able to enforce her Monroe Doctrine. She who would leave others alone in their time of need would meet the same fate herself, and there is no reason why any of the Central or South American states should not be the property of one who needed it and had the power to take it.\"\n\nThe journal goes on with an exposition of Britain's difficult role, but adds that the aid of France and Soviet Russia \"is more powerful than any combination that has been or can be made East or West. When necessary, the three can offer sufficient inducements for the United States to throw her weight on their side. Besides, isolationism is no longer possible or practical. Hungry eyes are cast on Central and South America.\"\n\n### PRAISES POLICE\n#### Fine Work In Typhoon Fire\n\nStrong commendatory remarks on the work done by the police and the Fire Brigade in the West Point fire which broke out during the height of the typhoon on September 2, were made by Mr. W. Schofield, Senior Magistrate, at the Central Magistracy on Oct. 20.\n\nMr. Schofield was sitting Coroner at an inquiry held into the circumstances surrounding the death of Tong Cheung, a 76-year-old man residing in a house in Connaught Road West, one of the premises involved in the fire. Assisting him was a jury comprising Messrs. M. Nemazee (foreman), M. V. Neves, and A. J. Hussain.\n\nMr. Schofield said \"The behaviour of the police and the Fire Brigade seems to me to have been most admirable in every way. They were working under difficulties the like of which I have never heard of outside war-time.\"\n\nWithout retiring, the jury returned a verdict of death by misadventure, and the foreman added they did not desire to record a rider.\n\nThe Coroner expressed his sympathy with the relatives of the deceased.\n\n### NAVAL ESCORTS FOR NEW GOVERNOR\nWhen His Excellency the new Governor, Sir Geoffrey Northcote, and Lady Northcote arrive in the Colony on October 28 by the P. and O. liner s.s. Ranchi, the Royal Navy will provide an escort of two Destroyers in H.M.S. Duchess and H.M.S. Thracian, while H.M. Aircraft Carrier Eagle will provide an air escort.\n\nAll His Majesty's warships in harbour and Royal Fleet Auxiliary vessels will be dressed overall.\n\n## CHINA OVERLAND TRADE REPORT\n\n### JUNK-SINKING INQUIRY\n#### SURVIVORS TELL OF ALLEGED JAPANESE SAVAGERY ON HIGH SEAS\n##### FISHING JUNKS SINK IN FULL SIGHT OF MERCILESS ATTACKERS\n\nGraphic descriptions of the merciless sinking of a fleet of fishing junks by a submarine, the crew of which were described by one witness as Japanese, were given by survivors at the Supreme Court on Oct. 18 when the \"Junk-sinking Inquiry\" commenced. The inquiry is being conducted by a Government-appointed Commission comprising His Honour the Chief Justice, Sir Atho. MacGregor, the Harbour Master, the Hon. Commander J. B. Newill, and Mr. Justice J. A. Fraser.\n\nMr. J. C. McDouall is acting as Secretary to the Commission. According to the witnesses, the submarine, which came upon the junks near the Che Long lighthouse on September 22, went up to them one by one and systematically sank them.\n\nAt the outset of the proceedings, Mr. John Whyatt, Assistant Attorney-General, who is assisting the Commission in the marshalling of evidence, said:\n\n\"May it please you, Sir:-I have been asked to appear before the Commission during this enquiry for the purpose of assisting you, as far as I am able, in the task which has been entrusted to you under your terms of reference by His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government of the Colony of Hong Kong.\n\n\"It will be necessary, in order that the true facts relating to the sinking of these fishing junks may be established, that you should have before you witnesses who can give sworn evidence of the material circumstances, and the object of my presence at this inquiry is to call before the Commission all the witnesses who are available whose evidence can be of assistance to the Commission in arriving at its conclusions.\n\n\"I desire to say that in calling this evidence, I shall observe strictly the ordinary rules of evidence, and in no circumstances will any evidence be tendered or any questions be asked which would not be admissible in proceedings conducted in accordance with the practice which prevails in a British Court of Justice.\"\n\n#### ORAL TESTIMONY\n\"I do not propose, before calling the witnesses, to make any comments or to outline in detail the evidence which they will give, because I think it is desirable in an Inquiry of this kind that the material to be placed before the Commission for its consideration should be limited strictly to the oral testimony of the witnesses themselves. It will be sufficient, I think, for your purposes, if I indicate to you as briefly as possible the various classes of witnesses who will be called and the nature of the evidence they will give concerning the matters relevant to this inquiry.\n\n\"In the first place, I shall call before you a number of eye-witnesses who were present on board the fishing junks that we are concerned with, who will describe to you the circumstances in which these vessels were sunk. Altogether, ten fishing junks were sunk, and although many lives were lost, there were fortunately a considerable number of survivors, and of these, fourteen are at present in this Colony and will be called to give evidence. Their evidence will be supplemented to some extent by an officer from the British steamship `Kaying` which picked up some of the survivors. Other survivors were picked up by the German liner `Scharnhorst`, but as she has already sailed for Europe and will not call at the port of Hong Kong again until she returns to the Far East in two months' time, I regret to say it will not be possible to call witnesses from the `Scharnhorst` at this inquiry to tell you what they know concerning this matter.\"\n\n#### EXPERT WITNESS\n\"In addition to the evidence of eye-witnesses, I shall call medical evidence from the Queen Mary Hospital and the Kwong Wah Hospital. The witnesses from these hospitals will be doctors who attended to those survivors who required medical attention when they arrived in Hong Kong, and they will describe to you what they found when they examined these men after their admission to hospital. These witnesses, in addition to giving oral evidence, will produce as exhibits a splinter of metal and a copper bullet which have been removed from the bodies of two of the survivors, and also an X-ray photograph which was taken before an operation was performed on one of these men.\n\n\"I shall also call evidence from the Royal Observatory at Hong Kong as to weather conditions that prevailed on the relevant dates in the vicinity of the place where the junks were sunk. And lastly, I shall call a naval officer who will give evidence as an expert on the question of the distinguishing marks which are carried by certain naval craft with which he is familiar.\"\n\n\"I think perhaps I have now said sufficient in this brief summary to indicate to you the nature of the evidence I intend to put before you, and with your leave, I will now proceed to call the witnesses.\"\n\n#### CONSUL NOT ATTENDING\nMr. Whyatt had also intimated that the Japanese Consul had been informed of the inquiry, and correspondence had been exchanged, the last communication from that office having been received that morning. This stated that the Japanese Consul would not be attending the inquiry, nor would he be represented. The Portuguese Consul had also been informed, as Macao had been mentioned as the home port or port of registry of one or more of the Junks. He was present in Court but desired to take no active part in the proceedings. Messrs. Butterfeld and Swire and the Norddeutscher Lloyd wished to have nothing to do with the inquiry.\n\n### FOR THE POOR\nThe Society of St. Vincent de Paul acknowledges with grateful appreciation and thanks the receipt of the following donations and gifts to the Fete on November 7, 1937.\n\n| Donor | Amount/Donation |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mr. W. B. Finnigan | $25.00 |\n| Hon. Mr. M. K. Lo | $10.00 |\n| Messrs. Kayamally & Co. | $10.00 |\n| Mr. G. P. de Martin | $25.00 |\n| Mrs. V. Sorby | $30.00 |\n| Mr. A. el Arculli | $10.00 |\n| Mr. Ho Kom Tong | $25.00 |\n| Mr. A. C. Wilcox | $25.00 |\n| Anonymous (per Mr. Dixon) | $10.00 |\n| The Grand Dispensary, Ltd. | 24 bottles \"Happy Kid\" Baby Water |",
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    {
        "id": 555264,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-563-17 Sino-Japanese War- attacks on shipping. For extracted photographs see CN 3-12 27-9-1937 - 17-1-1938",
        "page_number": 114,
        "title": "CO129-563-17 Sino-Japanese War- attacks on shipping. For extracted photographs see CN 3-12 27-9-1937 - 17-1-1938",
        "content_text": "# UNTOLD HORROR AND INHUMANITY\n\nand handed to the Chairman who, after perusal, said that the letter should be read at this stage, it read:-\n\n\"**Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen**\n\nHong Kong, Sept. 27. 1937. Report over shipwrecked crew. On our way from Kobe to Hong Kong, we saw in the morning, 3.40. September 27, a shipwrecked crew about true 205 degrees 7 miles distance from Pedro Blanco Rock. At the same time we turned the ship and were searching for the float. At 3.50 a.m. we found the shipwrecked crew sitting on a small raft. We lowered our boat and picked up nine Chinese males and one female.\n\n(Sgd) W. Stein.\nCaptain\nS.s. Scharnhorst, Bremen.\"\n\nMr. Whyatt: After receiving that document did you see any of these Chinese people on board?—Yes.\n\nHow many?—Nine Chinese males and one female.\n\nAnd what did you do with them?—I put them on board the police launch and took them to the Water Police and handed them over to the Inspector on duty.\n\n## LOG ENTRY\n\nThe next witness called was Capt. E. H. Histed, residing at 34. Kimberley Road, the master of the **Kaying**, which is owned by the China Navigation Co., Ltd., and whose local agents are Messrs. Butterfield and Swire.\n\nMr. Whyatt: On September 26 were you aboard your ship?—Yes. From Shanghai to Hong Kong.\n\nWere you carrying many passengers?—Yes.\n\nWhat sort of passengers?—Refugees from Shanghai to Canton, mostly Chinese passengers.\n\nAbout 6 o'clock on the evening of September 27 did the Second Officer make a report to you?—Yes.\n\nAnd as a result of that report what did you do?—I went on the bridge and I saw two men on a raft.\n\nThen what did you do?—The ship was stopped, manoeuvred, a boat was lowered in charge of the Chief Officer and the men taken on board the ship.\n\nWhat sort of wreckage was it that these men were clinging to?—A raft of some description.\n\nWhat sort of condition were these men in when you picked them up?—In a condition of extreme exhaustion.\n\nDid you discover what their names were?—The names were handed to me by the compradore, but I have not entered them and I did not put them into the book, I am afraid I would not remember them if you were to mention them.\n\nWhen you arrived in Hong Kong what did you do?—We came to Hong Kong and dropped the British Consul from Shanghai here, we then proceeded to Canton and returned the following day, September 30. The two men we had picked up we sent to the Tung Wah Hospital under the escort of one of the compradore staff.\n\n## Naval Expert Tells of Submarines\n\n\"Supposing you were cruising off the South China Coast and you saw a submarine with white, black and white bands painted around the conning tower, could you from those indications form any view as to its nationality?\" was the question put forward by Mr. John Whyatt to Lt.-Comdr. R. R. Herbert, expert in distinguishing marks attached to submarines of Naval Powers, at the third hearing of the \"Junk-Sinking Inquiry,\" at the Supreme Court on Oct. 21, when the \"voice of experience\" echoed the reply that his first impression would be that it was a Japanese submarine.\n\nHarrowing tales, expressive of untold devastation and suffering, were told by an eye-witness who recalled the tragedy of the merciless shelling and sinking of a fleet of Chinese fishing junks, allegedly by the hands of a malicious Japanese submarine crew. The inquiry is being conducted by a special Government-appointed Commission comprising His Honour the Chief Justice, Sir Atholl MacGregor (Chairman), the Harbour Master, Hon. Commander J. B. Newill, and Mr. Justice J. A. Fraser. Mr. J. C. McDouall is acting as Secretary to the Commission, whilst Mr. John Whyatt, Assistant Attorney General, is in charge of witnesses.\n\nMedical evidence was given by Dr. P. F. S. Court, Government medical officer, of the Queen Mary Hospital, and by Dr. Bow, Medical Superintendent of Kwong Wah Hospital. These witnesses testified that the victims were suffering from injuries due to the presence of foreign bodies in the nature of metallic fragments.\n\nHearing was adjourned till 10 a.m. to-morrow.\n\n### TWO MEN OF RAFT\n\nRecalled, Lam Chu demonstrated how the suspenders were worn—one strap on each shoulder like braces, adding that the straps were dark in colour and about 1½ inches in width.\n\nYu Man-hoi, assistant compradore of the **Kaying**, gave evidence to the effect that, while the steamer was on a voyage from Shanghai to Hong Kong on September 27, he saw at a distance two men, whose names he discovered to be Ho Pak-kan and Ho Pak-shing, calling out for help, clinging to a raft. After being picked and taken on board, they looked very much exhausted, their hands and feet being very pale as if they had been in water for a long time.\n\nSgt. Mackay, police photographer, stated that he took photographs of junks No. 28 and No. 447, copies of which were shown to the Commission.\n\n### GOOD WEATHER\n\nMr. S. P. Heywood, Assistant Director of the Royal Observatory, was then called.\n\nMr. Whyatt: Is it the practice of the Observatory to compile weather maps twice daily?—Yes, morning and afternoon.\n\nFrom your experience and knowledge are these weather maps for the most part accurate?—Yes.\n\nHave you brought with you certain weather maps covering Sept. 21 to Sept. 27?—Yes.\n\nThese maps show the sort of weather prevailing in the vicinity of Chilang Lighthouse throughout that period?—One can adduce from them.\n\nWhat sort of weather was prevailing there during that time?—Moderate east and E.N.E. winds throughout the period except on September 27 when the wind was light westerly. The weather was fair or fine and the visibility was good and it is unlikely that any strong winds were experienced near the Chilang Point during that period.\n\nAfter compiling these maps did you subsequently receive information from ships?—Yes, we received a number of meteorological logs from ships plying between Hong Kong and coast ports. There were no reports of any wind exceeding 18 m.p.h. and the weather in all cases was fair or fine except Sept. 27. The **Kaying** on that day reported the sea was smooth.\n\nAnd from the reports you received you expect the sea to be smooth?—Yes.\n\n### EVENTUALLY RESCUED\n\nFung Chan-ho, native of Macao, testified that on the morning of September 22 he was on board junk No. 1822 off Chilang Lighthouse, when he saw at a distance a pair of junks hit by gunfire.\n\nWhat happened after the guns had hit the first pair of junks?—We lowered all our sails and, being frightened, we all went into the hold. Eventually our junk was also hit and sank. We then came on the deck and tied the sails together to form a raft, on which we floated. There was also one sampan.\n\nWas any member of your crew injured?—Yes. Leung Hong, who was wounded on both feet. We were eventually rescued by another junk and brought back to Aberdeen.\n\n### EXPERT EVIDENCE\n\nLieut. Comdr. R. R. Heibert, attached to the Commodore's Office, Hong Kong, was the next witness.\n\nHe stated he had served 21 years in the Royal Navy, 16 of which had been in submarines.\n\nMr. Whyatt: For ten years you have been in command of submarines?—Yes.\n\nShould I be right in describing you as a specialist in that type of naval craft?—Yes.\n\nCan you tell me from your experience what colour submarines are usually painted?—Usually grey, from light or silvery grey to dark grey, largely depending on the nature of the operations on which the submarine may be engaged.\n\n### DISTINGUISHING MARKS\n\nAre you speaking of the British Navy?—No, all Navies.\n\nWith regard to certain distinguishing marks which I understand are sometimes carried on the hull of submarines, is it the practice of certain Navies to paint numerals on the hull near the conning tower?—It is not the general practice in the British Navy nor, as far as I know, in the American Navy.\n\nCan you tell me the Navy that adopts this practice?—Yes. Japanese Navy.\n\nIs it the invariable practice in the Japanese Navy?—As far as I know, it is.\n\nWhat sort of numerals do they use?—Arabic.\n\nAnd whereabouts do they usually paint these numerals?—On the hull before the conning tower, towards the bow.\n\nSupposing now you are cruising off the south China Coast, and supposing you saw a submarine with an Arabic numeral \"7\" painted on the hull, could you from your experience form any opinion as to the nationality of the submarine?—That would be a Japanese submarine, but I should require more certain evidence than that.\n\n### PORTABLE MACHINE-GUNS\n\nIs it the practice of some navies to paint white or black bands on their vessels?—It is done in most Navies; for instance, in the British Navy our destroyers have bands on the funnels.\n\nIs this practice used to a limited or extensive extent?—It is used very extensively—most extensively, I might say, in the Japanese Navy. They are painted on their cruisers and destroyers, but I cannot be definite about their submarines.\n\nWe all know that the chief armament carried by submarines is torpedo; have they any other type of armaments?—Yes, they carry guns of three or four inches and sometimes a larger calibre, portable machine-guns and rifles.\n\nI am chiefly interested in guns. Can you tell me whether they carry them?—Normally a submarine has one gun just before the conning tower on the deck.\n\n### ABSOLUTELY INVARIABLE\n\nWhat do you mean by \"normally\"?—In some cases, specially in foreign navies, some submarines are built with two guns—one before the conning tower and one aft—but this is most unusual and is usually found in the largest and most modern submarines. It is not unusual to see a submarine equipped with one gun but a submarine equipped with two guns would be a most unusual sight in South China.\n\nAnd would that enable you to form any opinion as to its nationality?—Yes, I should be very much inclined to believe it was a Japanese submarine.\n\nDo you know anything about the dresses and equipment that is worn by Japanese sailors?—Yes, they are in the habit of carrying a water bottle when they form landing parties, or go ashore. They wear a sort of equipment with straps over their shoulders. The water bottle, I believe, is attached to the straps which go from the shoulder down to waist.\n\nIs that an invariable practice?—Yes, absolutely invariable; they always wear it when they go ashore, but I could not say whether they wear it when they are at sea.\n\nApart from that, is it unique in that respect?—Absolutely.\n\nChairman: Can you give any idea of the colour of the strap?—A dark khaki colour.\n\nChairman: Am I right in assuming that you draw a distinguishing line between landing parties carrying a bottle strapped to their shoulders and the other equipment of boarding parties?—I should imagine it would be a practice then to wear some sort of equipment when they were going to action.\n\n### GO BY CLASSES\n\nChairman: Do you happen to know whether in the Japanese Navy there is a submarine bearing the figure 7?—I should imagine there would be, because they go by classes, 1 to 5 and 5 to 8.\n\nCan you imagine what armament No. 7 submarine has?—I should say two 5.5 inch guns.\n\nRe-called, Dr. Court stated that he performed a \"post mortem\" examination on Leung Hong and found that he died as a result of a septic wound in the leg.\n\nAfter Mr. Whyatt had informed the Commissioners that the expert evidence on the bullet was not yet available, hearing was adjourned until 10 a.m. to-day.",
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        "page_number": 180,
        "title": "CO129-563-17 Sino-Japanese War- attacks on shipping. For extracted photographs see CN 3-12 27-9-1937 - 17-1-1938",
        "content_text": "# \n[1st witness Lam Chu.]\n\n5. An Official notification was also sent to the Portuguese Consul in view of the fact that certain of the survivors were inhabitants of the Portuguese Colony of Macao and a formal acknowledgment has been received. I am informed that the Portuguese Consul is here to-day but that he does not desire to take any active part in the proceedings.\n\n6. In addition, a formal notice pursuant to sec. 3(3) of the **Commissioners Powers Ordinance, 1886**, stating the time and place of hearing has been published in the **Government Gazette** and in the local press and copies of the notice have been sent to Messrs. Butterfield & Swire, who are the agents for the s.s. `Kaying`, and to Messrs. Melchers, who are the local agents for the Norddeutscher Lloyd, the owners of the s.s. `Scharnhorst`, but as far as I am aware there is no one present who desires to take any active part in this inquiry.\n\n7. The **Chairman**: If the Portuguese Consul would care to come to Counsels' Table where it will be easier to hear everything that transpires and have an opportunity of taking any notes he desires, the Commission will be very happy.\n\n8. The Portuguese Consul moves to Counsels' Table after thanking the Commissioners.\n\n9. **Chairman**: Mr. Whyatt, will you shortly outline the course which you propose to take with regard to the various witnesses who will have to appear before us?\n\n10. Mr. Whyatt: I have been asked to appear before the Commission during this inquiry for the purpose of assisting you as far as I am able, in the task which has been entrusted to you under your terms of reference by His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government of the Colony of Hong Kong. It will be necessary in order that the true facts relating to the sinking of these fishing junks may be established that you should have before you witnesses who can give sworn evidence of the material circumstances and the object of my presence at this inquiry is to call before the Commission all the witnesses who are available whose evidence can be of assistance to the Commission in arriving at its conclusions. I desire to say that in calling this evidence I shall observe strictly the ordinary rules of evidence, and in no circumstances will any evidence be tendered or any questions be asked which would not be admissible in proceedings conducted in accordance with the practice which prevails in a British Court of Justice.\n\n11. I do not propose before calling the witnesses to make any comments or to outline in detail the evidence which they will give, because I think it is desirable in an inquiry of this kind that the material to be placed before the Commission for its consideration should be limited strictly to the oral testimony of the witnesses themselves. It will be sufficient, I think, for your purposes, if I indicate to you as briefly as possible the various classes of witnesses who will be called and the nature of the evidence they will give concerning the matters relevant to this inquiry.\n\n12. In the first place I shall call before you a number of eye-witnesses who were present on board the fishing junks that we are concerned with, who will describe to you the circumstances in which these vessels were sunk. Altogether ten fishing junks were sunk and although many lives were lost, there was fortunately a considerable number of survivors, and of these fourteen are at present in this Colony and will be called to give evidence. Their evidence will be supplemented to some extent by an officer from the British Steamship `Kaying` which picked up some of the survivors. Other survivors were picked up by the German liner `Scharnhorst` but as she has already sailed for Europe and will not call at the port of Hong Kong again until she returns to the Far East in two months' time, I regret to say it will not be possible to call witnesses from the `Scharnhorst` at this enquiry to tell you what they know concerning this matter.\n\n13. In addition to the evidence of eye-witnesses, I shall call medical evidence from the Queen Mary Hospital and the Kwong Wah Hospital. The witnesses from these hospitals will be doctors who attended to those survivors who required medical attention when they arrived in Hong Kong, and they will describe to you what they found when they examined these men after their admission to hospital. These witnesses, in addition to giving oral evidence, will produce as exhibits a splinter of metal and a copper bullet which have been removed from the bodies of two of the survivors and also an X-ray photograph which was taken before an operation was performed on one of these men.\n\n14. I shall also call evidence from the Royal Observatory at Hong Kong as to the weather conditions that prevailed on the relevant dates in the vicinity of the place where the junks were sunk. And lastly I shall call a naval officer who will give evidence as an expert on the question of the distinguishing marks which are carried by certain naval craft with which he is familiar.\n\n15. I think perhaps I have now said sufficient in this brief summary to indicate to you the nature of the evidence I intend to put before you and with your leave I will now proceed to call the witnesses.\n\n16. First Witness. Lam Chu, duly declared, states:—\n\n17. Mr. Whyatt to **Chairman**: Will it be convenient for the members of the Commission to have copies of the Admiralty chart?\n\n18. **Chairman**: I think it will be very material, if we may have them now.\n\n19. Copies of Admiralty chart No. `1962`, Hong Kong to the Brothers, handed in.\n\n20. Mr. Whyatt to witness:\n\n21. Your name is Lam Chu? I am Lam Chu.\n\n22. How old are you? I am 42 years old.\n\n23. Where were you born? I was born at Yaumati.\n\n24. What have you done all your life for a living? I have been travelling aboard a fishing junk for all my life.\n\n25. In September of this year were you the owner of a fishing junk? Yes.\n\n26. What was the number of that junk? No. 36.\n\n27. Where was it licensed? Licensed both at Cheung Chau and Shaukiwan.\n\n28. How long had you owned that junk? Several years.\n\n29. Can you give us some idea of its value? Worth about $9,000.\n\n30. You remember sailing in your fishing junk for the purpose of going on a fishing expedition in September this year? Yes.\n\n31. Where did you sail from? From Shaukiwan.\n\n32. Can you give me the date? On the 17th September, 1937.\n\n33. Did you sail alone or were you accompanied by any junks? By other fishing junks.\n\n34. Can you tell me the name of the master of one of the fishing junks that sailed with you? Fung Kam-shing.\n\n35. Have you got a brother who owns a fishing junk? Lam Shu-po, my brother, also owned a fishing junk.\n\n36. Did he sail with you from Shaukiwan on 17th September? Yes, he went with my junk at the same time.\n\n37. Where did you sail to from Shaukiwan? To somewhere near San Mei.\n\n38. **Chairman** to Mr. Whyatt: Does he mean his brother was in his junk or on his own junk?\n\n39. Mr. Whyatt: I will try to clear up that point, Sir.\n\n40. To witness: You told us that Lam Shu-po owns a junk? Yes.\n\n41. You told us that when you sailed from Shaukiwan on your junk on 17th September your brother also sailed from Shaukiwan? Yes, he went in his own junk and we both went from Shaukiwan. We worked together when we caught fish.\n\n42. You have got to San Mei. Do you remember where you went to from San Mei?\n\n43. We went from Sha Mun (Samun) to San Mei.\n\n44. After you got to San Mei where did you sail to?\n\n45. Is there a lighthouse at Chelong? Yes.\n\nTo Chelong.\n\nPage 200\nPage 180\nPage 181",
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    {
        "id": 555355,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-563-17 Sino-Japanese War- attacks on shipping. For extracted photographs see CN 3-12 27-9-1937 - 17-1-1938",
        "page_number": 205,
        "title": "CO129-563-17 Sino-Japanese War- attacks on shipping. For extracted photographs see CN 3-12 27-9-1937 - 17-1-1938",
        "content_text": "# \n## 19th Witness \n### Thomas Gillison Mackay.\n\n52 \n\n## 20th Witness \n### Graham Scudamore Percival Heywood.\n\n1324. Mr. Whyatt: Sergeant Mackay also took photographs of the junk itself, if you would like to have them put in, sir.\n\n1325. Chairman: It is difficult to say at the moment—I don't wish to overload the Report with these photographs—on the other hand it does give an impression of the formidable size of this craft—it might be illuminating.\n\n1326. (Photograph of Junk No. 28 handed to Chairman—`T.G.M.4`)\n\n1327. And you have also taken photographs of the bullet which we have been looking at? Yes.\n\n1328. Unfortunately they are not ready? No.\n\n1329. Will you let us have them as soon as you can? Yes.\n\n1330. Chairman: That is the bullet which was produced by Dr. Court?\n\n1331. Mr. Whyatt: Yes, sir.\n\n1332. Chairman: Taken from the knee of the wife of Ng Ying-kit?\n\n1333. Mr. Whyatt: That is correct, sir. (`Exs. T.G.M. 5` and `T.G.M. 6`)\n\n1334. Chairman: We may hope to get them to-morrow?\n\n1335. Witness: Yes, sir, I hope to let you have them by then.\n\n1336. Chairman: There would be no need for you to bring them yourself, Sergeant Mackay, if you will just let us have them.\n\n(Witness left the witness box.)\n\n1337. Twentieth Witness, Graham Scudamore Percival Heywood, duly sworn, states:\n\n1338. Mr. Whyatt: You are the Assistant Director of the Royal Observatory? Yes.\n\n1339. Is it the practice of the Observatory to compile weather maps daily? Yes, twice daily—morning and afternoon.\n\n1340. And from what data are these maps compiled? Mostly from reports from land stations all over the Far East, and from a certain number of ships' reports received by wireless.\n\n1341. From your experience can you say whether these weather maps are for the most part accurate? They give the situation at the time.\n\n1342. Subsequently you get further information after compiling your maps? Yes.\n\n1343. Do you find more often than not that the subsequent information is corroborative? Yes.\n\n1344. Have you brought with you to-day certain weather maps covering the period from 21st September to 27th September? Yes, I have the originals here.\n\n1345. Do these weather maps show the sort of weather that was prevailing in the vicinity of Chelong lighthouse between those dates? Yes, one can deduce it from these weather maps.\n\n1346. Tell us in general terms what sort of weather was prevailing on 21st to 27th in that part of the world. Moderate east and north-east winds throughout the period, except on the 27th when the wind was a light westerly breeze or varying. Weather was fair and fine, visibility was good and it is unlikely that any strong winds were experienced near Chelong Point during that period.\n\n1347. When you say \"moderate east and north-east winds\"—was that what you said? Yes.\n\n1348. Can you give me some idea what you mean by a moderate wind? A moderate wind is defined as from 13 to 18 miles per hour—nothing exceeding 20 miles—you would not expect anything to exceed 20 miles an hour and be called \"moderate\".\n\n1349. After compiling that weather map did you subsequently receive information from ships as to the weather in that vicinity? We received a number of meteorological logs from ships plying between Hong Kong and coast ports.\n\n53 \n\n## 20th Witness \n### Graham Scudamore Percival Heywood.\n## 21st Witness \n### Fung Chan-ho.\n\n1350. Have you tabulated them? We have them tabulated—all reports corroborate that there were at that time easterly and north-easterly winds, wind not exceeding 18 miles an hour, and the weather in every case was fair or fine except on the morning of the 21st when it was cloudy; after that it was fair or fine throughout the period, according to these ships.\n\n1351. Do these ships' reports tell you what sort of sea there was? \n| Ship | Date | Sea Condition |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Hosang | September 25th | Sea slight |\n| Kaying | ... | ... |\n| ... | September 27th | Sea smooth |\n\n1352. And in the sort of weather you have told us about you would expect to have a slight or smooth sea throughout that period? Yes.\n\n(Witness left the witness box.)\n\n1353. Twenty-first Witness, Fung Chan-ho, duly declared, states:\n\n1354. Mr. Whyatt: How old are you? 36.\n\n1355. What are you by occupation? Fisherman.\n\n1356. And in September of this year were you employed as a fisherman on board Junk No. 1822? Yes.\n\n1357. I think you are a native of Macao? Yes.\n\n1358. Were you on board that junk on 22nd September this year when she was off Chelong lighthouse? Yes.\n\n1359. Was your junk fishing that morning? Yes.\n\n1360. Did you notice anything unusual? I saw in the distance a pair of junks that were hit.\n\n1361. What were they hit by? Guns.\n\n1362. What happened after the guns had hit the first pair of junks? We then lowered all sails.\n\n1363. What happened to your junk? People on board were frightened and went to the hold.\n\n1364. And eventually what happened? A gun shot at us too, and as we were in the hold the junk went down.\n\n1365. What did you people on board do when the junk went down? We came on to the deck and cut off the entanglements which fastened the mainsail to the mast, and then we tied the sails together.\n\n1366. And then what did you do? Then we were floating on the sea.\n\n1367. When you say you were floating do you mean all the people who were on board who went on the raft? Yes. We had in addition a sampan.\n\n1368. Was any member of your crew injured when you were fired at? One was wounded.\n\n1369. What was his name? Leung Hong.\n\n1370. Where was he wounded? His feet were hurt.\n\n1371. Eventually you were rescued by another junk and brought to Aberdeen? Yes.\n\n1372. What happened to Leung Hong when you got back to Aberdeen? A report was made at the Aberdeen Police Station and Leung Hong was removed to the Queen Mary Hospital.\n\n1373. Did you yourself go to Queen Mary Hospital yesterday? Yes, I went there yesterday.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-563-17 Sino-Japanese War- attacks on shipping. For extracted photographs see CN 3-12 27-9-1937 - 17-1-1938.txt",
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    {
        "id": 556207,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-564-6 Typhoon- reports of damage- etc 9-9-1937 - 6-11-1937",
        "page_number": 28,
        "title": "CO129-564-6 Typhoon- reports of damage- etc 9-9-1937 - 6-11-1937",
        "content_text": "ENCLOSURE 2.\n\nSOUTH CHINA MORNING POST.\n\nFRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1937.\n\nHONGKONG'S WORST TYPHOON\n\nWIND REACHES 164 M.P.H.\n\nFIRE DISASTER DEATHS EXCEED 100\n\nTHIRTY-ONE PERSONS BELIEVED DEAD\n\nAN ENTIRE BLOCK INVOLVED\n\nFIERCE GUSTS DRIVE BIG SHIPS ASHORE\n\nWEST POINT BLAZE SEVERAL VESSELS BELIEVED TO\n\nThe heaviest loss of life throughout the period of the typhoon was that in the disastrous fire which broke out in nine four-storey buildings in West Point during the height of the storm. Thirty-one persons were afterwards reported missing, and of these seven have been definitely found dead. As the bodies were brought out of the blazing buildings they were piled on the Praya preparatory to being removed to the Public Mortuary, but huge waves swept them all into the sea, and only seven bodies were recovered yesterday.\n\nThe premises involved were 131-139 Connaught Road West. The Central Fire Station received the first call shortly before 4 a.m., and fire appliances were immediately rushed to the scene, under the supervision of Mr. J. C. Fitz-Henry, Acting Superintendent.\n\nThe outbreak started, it is believed, at No. 131, the ground floor of which was occupied by the Tak Sang, rice-dealer. On the arrival of the fire engines, the blaze had already spread to the adjoining two houses. The fire-fighters were rendered helpless by the strong winds, but eventually succeeded in bringing two hoses into action. Unfortunately, by this time, the other houses had also been ignited, while those where the outbreak started were burning through. The street was flooded and the handicap under which the members of the Fire Brigade had to work could be gauged by the fact that the water was at one time up to the waists of the men.\n\nAs the fire engines arrived, a woman with a baby on her back was seen to jump from the top-storey of one of the buildings. Both she and the child were killed instantaneously. The ground floors of the buildings in question were occupied mostly by rice-dealers, and there were also two garages.\n\nTribute to Police Interviewed, Mr. Fitz-Henry paid great tribute to the splendid work and assistance given by the Police under Sub-Inspector Nolloth. The tremendous force of the wind made the work of subduing the fire almost impossible. Water in the roadway was waist-high; and it was found impossible to send the jets of water more than a few feet into the air, as the wind immediately transferred them into spray. It was two hours before anything could be done, and another three hours before the fire could be controlled. The collapse of Jubilee Street at one time during the night threatened to prevent the fire engines and ambulances from coming out of the station. A gang of coolies, however, were soon on the job and cleared it away partly, so as not to interfere with the work of the Brigade.\n\nMANY COLLAPSES\n\nSeveral Killed on Island And in Kowloon\n\nTHE BE TOTAL LOSSES\n\nMANY KILLED IN FIRE\n\nHongkong is recovering again from another typhoon. The swift-moving cyclone which formed east of Manila a few days ago lashed the Colony from midnight Wednesday until after dawn yesterday. Irresistible gusts continuously swept the streets, smashed plate glass windows, tore heavy signboards adrift, ripped and overturned parked motor cars and shifted everything movable.\n\nThe Observatory states it was the fiercest typhoon yet experienced in Hongkong. At 125 miles per hour the wind instruments at the Observatory ceased attempting serious register. An unofficial recorder declares the force reached 164 miles per hour. The barometer dropped to the low record of 28.298.\n\nHuge waves surged over the Praya, reaching almost to Queen's Road. Mariners on the harbour spent a night of unrelieved labour and anxiety. Among the many ships in harbour were some laid up because of the war, or under repair at docks and without steam. A score of these broke loose from their doubled moorings and careered drunkenly about the harbour in a macabre dance. Among them was the Van Heutsz with 1,260 passengers on board. Most of them grounded comfortably. A few are in bad position. One, the coaster An Lee, after colliding with three warships crashed stern first on the Central Praya wall and remained there poised with forepart in the water.\n\nAt the height of the storm a tenement block of nine four-storeyed houses in the Western District went afire and 15 inmates perished.\n\nRain, totalling 5.5 inches, persisted until 10 a.m., while relieved residents ventured from barricaded dwellings to survey shambles debris everywhere, much damage to property, some 20 ships ashore, scores of smaller craft sunk, and thoroughfares, with drains choked, a foot deep in water.\n\nThe shore damage, as usual, is largely superficial, but in the aggregate very great. Several buildings were unroofed, old houses collapsed, garden walls were blown down, roads blocked by landslides, fallen telegraph poles and uprooted trees.\n\nNo estimate of total damage is possible. Casualties are estimated at more than 100.\n\nWIDESPREAD DAMAGE\n\nA spectacular effect of the gale was this huge lattice-work formed by the scaffolding on the Central Fire Station, blown down into the street by the strong gusts.\n\n--Staff Photographer.\n\nCASUALTY LIST\n\n  \n    An Lee,\n    aground on Praya;\n    back broken and complete wreck.\n  \n  \n    Asama Maru,\n    aground in Sai Wan Bay,\n    no passengers; expected to be refloated shortly.\n  \n  \n    Bonneville,\n    hard on Stonecutters Island;\n    little damaged.\n  \n  \n    Dashing,\n    high on rocks,\n    Ching Hue Island.\n  \n  \n    Eng Lee,\n    hard aground,\n    Kowloon Football Ground.\n  \n  \n    H.M.S. Cornflower,\n    aground\n    Tonnochy Pier, Wanchai.\n  \n  \n    Gertrude Maersk,\n    aground Green Island\n    but later towed to Kowloon Dock; damaged in collision.\n  \n  \n    Feng Lee,\n    high on rocks adjacent to\n    Kowloon Dock.\n  \n  \n    Hong Peng,\n    ashore at\n    Taikoo Sugar Refinery.\n  \n  \n    Hsingking,\n    aground at\n    Capsing Island lighthouse.\n  \n  \n    Hunan,\n    ashore at\n    Ping Chau.\n  \n  \n    India,\n    S.O.S. for assistance when drifting in harbour\n    but later safely moored.\n  \n  \n    Kalgan,\n    drifted from\n    Cust Rock west of Macao. After passing Pratas and moored at Kowloon Wharf with severe damage from collisions.\n  \n  \n    Kausing,\n    total wreck on\n    Hue Island; all crew saved.\n  \n  \n    Kwangchow,\n    ashore on\n    Lamma Island, probably a wreck.\n  \n  \n    Luhsing,\n    aground off\n    Lower Laichikok Road.\n  \n  \n    Mao Lee,\n    sunk off\n    Kellett Bank.\n  \n  \n    Severn Leigh,\n    S.O.S. for assistance\n    \n  \n  \n    Sheng Lee,\n    hard aground off\n    Chinese bankers' bathing shed, North Point.\n  \n  \n    Shuntien,\n    adrift in harbour\n    but later moored.\n  \n  \n    Shenandoah,\n    sunk off\n    China Light Company and Power Company's works.\n  \n  \n    Talamba,\n    aground in\n    Lyeemoon Pass.\n  \n  \n    Tymeric,\n    aground at\n    North Point.\n  \n  \n    Tensing,\n    aground at\n    Stanley Bay.\n  \n  \n    Van Heutsz,\n    sunk off\n    Green Island.\n  \n\nTHREE DROWNED\n\nForeigner Loses Life When Launch Sinks\n\nSOLDIERS' FINE WORK\n\nThe captain, owner and two members of the crew of the Portuguese 180-ton motor-boat, Perola, drowned, when the vessel sank in Cheungshawan Bay about 3 a.m. yesterday.\n\nThe casualties were: Drowned: Manuel Rodrigues, Master, aged about 36; Li Lam, seaman, aged 56; Leung Khai-shui, Second Engineer, aged 31.\n\nMissing: Francisco Xavier Guerreiro, Owner and Chief Engineer, aged 39, of Woosung Street.\n\nSaved: Kam Hing, cabin boy, aged 21.\n\nThe last-named had a remarkable escape, for he clung to a piece of the wreck until he was rescued about four hours after the sinking.\n\nThe boat was built by the Kwong Fook Shing shipyard only last year. After making one trip to Macao, she returned to the Colony, sometime ago, and was lying off Cheungshawan Bay.\n\nThe bodies of the Captain and the two Chinese were recovered shortly before noon near the vicinity of the Ching disaster.\n\nThe three Chinese rescued were loud in their praises of the excellent work of the soldiers at Shamshuipo who made indefatigable efforts to save the boat's crew.\n\nMR. C. W. JEFFRIES, DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY\n\nWhen issuing his official report on the gale yesterday morning, Mr. C. W. Jeffries, Director of the Royal Observatory, declared that it was the most intense he had ever known.\n\nIt is doubtful if a storm of greater severity has ever visited the Colony.\n\nThe wind force was of such an intensity that the register of the Observatory's anemograph was incapable of recording the gusts. The barometer minimum of 28.298 was the previous lowest reading of 28.590 on August 18, 1923.\n\nShortly after dawn yesterday morning the instrument recordings showed that the wind did not drop below 140 m.p.h. Two gusts in the early morning topped the index paper and it is estimated they were approximately 164 miles an hour.\n\nOne record, at least, was proved, as .292 lower than the existing low record established on August 18, 1923.\n\nMr. V. Sorby, General Manager of the Hongkong Electric Company, stated yesterday that his anemograph recorded 160 miles per hour.\n\nBetween 2 a.m. and 3 a.m. in Hunghom, near Bailey's shipyard, three were killed and one injured in another collapse yesterday morning.\n\nCollapses on the Island occurred at 234 Queen's Road Central, 11 Nullah Lane, 1B, Western Street, 1A Centre Street and 47 Third Street. In all these accidents there was only one fatality, at the collapse at Third Street. One man was killed and four were injured.\n\nTIMELY EVACUATION\n\nCOURAGEOUS ACTION\n\nEuropean Saves Six Chinese From Shenandoah\n\nThe hulk of the Shenandoah, once a luxurious yacht, ran aground near the wharf of the China Light and Power Co., Ltd. in Kowloon Bay, with ten Chinese aboard.\n\nDozens of trees were uprooted by the gales during yesterday.\n\nWASHOUTS\n\nNathan Road Blocked In Many Places\n\nRESCUE HEROISM\n\nPolice and Civilians Do Good Work\n\nCHINESE SAVED\n\nSome splendid rescue work carried out by a party of Revenue Officers and Police sergeants along the Praya. Seven of them—C. P. O. Buller, Mr. W. Ward, Sub-Inspector Goddard, Sergt. Davis, Sergt. Scott, Sergt. Hayward and Mr. Ellis linked together by ropes ventured out in treacherous weather to rescue crews from ships, and to save little children who were stranded in huts along the Praya.\n\nDarkness added to the terror of the night and the tremendous difficulties confronting the rescue party. Nevertheless, they succeeded in saving some 70 lives, all of whom received treatment for various injuries, none of them very serious, in the Imports and Exports Department.\n\nUnhappily it was found impossible to obtain enough dry clothes and several of the unfortunate men had to spend the early hours up to dawn in blankets.\n\nOne of the most dramatic episodes occurred about 5.30 a.m. when one of the Taikoo tugs was sunk as it approached the An Lee which had been driven ashore on the Praya. The line of the rescue party rushed to the scene and took six of these men off.\n\nAt the De Luxe Garage in Nathan Road employees had a narrow escape when the roof collapsed.\n\nA man and a child were killed when a house collapsed at the corner of Ma Tau Wei and Po Wah Wan Road.\n\nAt 7.20 a.m. the No. 8 signal (gale expected from S.E.) was hoisted. When the barometer read 28.298 it was .292 lower than the existing low record established on August 18, 1923.\n\nOver 160 M.P.H\n\nRAILWAY\n\nThe Kowloon-Canton Railway suffered damage from the gale, although the extent of the damage is not yet able to be accurately estimated.\n\nTwo washouts on the line were reported between Shatin and Taipo, but the entire train service has been suspended indefinitely and the head office is awaiting fuller reports as to the extent of the damage.\n\nARMY OFFICER'S BRAVERY\n\nCaptain Rybot, of the H.K.S.B.R.A., was responsible for an act of extreme bravery.\n\nA Great Name and a Great Gin—GORDON'S DRY GIN\n\nDISTILLERY, LONDON, ENGLAND\n\nKelly & Walsh, Ltd., Chater Road, Hong Kong.\n\nTHE CITADEL $6-50\n\nDr. A. J. Cronin's new novel\n\nThe unoffending profession of medicine has in these days sustained attack by two novelists of distinction, Sinclair Lewis and Dr. Cronin. Mr. Lewis wrote from without; Dr. Cronin's assault is upon interior lines. In \"The Citadel\" there are presented three types of good doctor: the general practitioner possessed of competent knowledge and a big heart, the physician or surgeon possessed of special qualifications, also with a big heart, and the bacteriologist, who, being less subject to temptation, needs, perhaps, less cardiac capacity. Against these stand the pompous old humbugs of the villages and country towns and the ill-conditioned sharks of the great cities.\n\nAll this is doubtless very true. But it is true not only of the doctors but also of humanity. What is not true is that a district of London called \"Harley Street\" is shark-infested, so that an honest man practises there at his peril. Dr. Cronin would deny, certainly, that he had made any such suggestion; but it is in this sense that his indictment has been read by many.\n\nIt may be conceded that, within limits, Dr. Cronin has presented a lively tale full of more or less dramatic incident.\n\nHONGKONG FOOT\n\nRINGWORM\n\nBAYER\n\nTRADE MARK\n\nFUNGOL\n\nSPECIFIC FOR HONGKONG-FOOT RING-WORM AND OTHER MYCOTIC INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN\n\nBayer Farbenindustrie Aktiengesellschaft, Leverkusen, Germany.\n\nONLY FOR EXTERNAL USE.\n\n'FUNGOL'\n\nA scientifically prepared specific for the treatment of Fungus Skin Infections\n\nThe new 'Fungol' cure for Hongkong Foot, which is now obtainable from all pharmacies, quickly stops itching and prevents the infection from penetrating further into the tissues.\n\n'FUNGOL' is a colourless preparation which leaves no stain, greatly simplifying the treatment of Hongkong Foot, and, above all, destroys the causal agent preventing the further spread of the infection.\n\nREACHES MACAO\n\nHeavy Damage To Fishing Craft\n\nMacao, Sept. 2. A severe typhoon struck Macao in the early hours of the morning after causing great damage to fishing craft here and ashore also.\n\nJunks sheltering in the inner harbour were torn loose and wrecked on the shore in many places.—Our Own Correspondent.\n\nROBBERY DURING STORM\n\nDuring the height of the typhoon at 4.30 a.m. yesterday, three men entered the first floor of 1080 Canton Road and robbed Lo Shiu-yuen, described as a kept woman, of money and jewellery to the total value of $540. Some loss of life is feared.\n\nThere were three other inmates of the house at the time. One of the robbers was stated to have carried a revolver.\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 364\n\nPage 365\n\nPage 365",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-564-6 Typhoon- reports of damage- etc 9-9-1937 - 6-11-1937.txt",
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    {
        "id": 556213,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-564-6 Typhoon- reports of damage- etc 9-9-1937 - 6-11-1937",
        "page_number": 34,
        "title": "CO129-564-6 Typhoon- reports of damage- etc 9-9-1937 - 6-11-1937",
        "content_text": "Houses Wrecked\n\nAt Taipo Hui it is conservatively estimated that 80 per cent of the houses were demolished partially or completely, and it may be one or two days before all the debris can be removed and a proper estimate be made of the exact number of villagers killed.\n\nAbout 300 yards from the Taipo Bridge, which was badly torn up, where repairs were still under progress yesterday afternoon, 30 sampans and fishing boats were washed ashore to a distance of 200 yards from the beach. A number of fishermen were there attending to their dead, and salvaging what was left of their meagre belongings.\n\nOne of them said that some 40 sampan people were killed when their craft were wrecked.\n\nLabourers worked on the damaged bridge throughout the day, and it is expected that it will be available for motor-traffic by this afternoon or tomorrow, according to a workman who was questioned.\n\nNEW INSTRUMENT\n\nAnemograph to Register Winds Up to 200 M.P.H.\n\nThe Royal Observatory was unable to register the maximum wind velocity during the height of the typhoon, due to the fact that its instrument does not take records higher than 125 miles per hour.\n\nWhilst this is more than sufficient for all normal purposes, it has long been realised that a better instrument is desirable.\n\nGovernment has now, however, undertaken to supply the Observatory with an instrument capable of registering gusts up to 200 m.p.h. This, it is understood, will be available next year.\n\nALMOST RAZED\n\nSMALL BOYS HAVE HARROWING TIME\n\nFOOD SHORTAGE\n\nA SHORE SURVEY\n\nSome Damage Done At Queen Mary Hospital\n\nThe Queen Mary Hospital stood up to the storm fairly well, but the seventh floor was littered with glass and portions of ceiling, presenting the appearance of having come through a bombardment.\n\nThe operating theatre was swept clean.\n\nPOST OFFICE FLOODED\n\nFlooded to a depth of over one foot during the typhoon of Wednesday night, the Post Office basement presented the appearance of an indoor swimming pool in the morning, and firemen were still working at draining the building yesterday.\n\nFortunately, there were only about 40 mail bags in the basement instead of the usual five or six hundred, so that only a few bags were wetted and these not extensively. The parcel mail had been raised beyond the reach of the water.\n\nRURAL ORPHANAGE\n\nThe Taipo Rural Orphanage for boys, managed by the Chinese Anglican Church Body in Hongkong, with Bishop Hall as Chairman, and another orphanage school for girls about 100 yards away, managed by the Church Missionary Society, were both affected, but the Rural Orphanage suffered very severely and its two buildings were partly demolished.\n\nSome 20 Chinese orphans and their two Chinese teachers had a narrow escape from death or serious injury when their school room and wooden dormitory, situated near the 13th milestone on Taipo Road, were wrecked by the typhoon.\n\nMINOR DESTRUCTION\n\nBut P.W.D. Bill Will Be Very Large in Aggregate\n\nInterviewed yesterday by a reporter of the S.C.M. Post, the teacher, a Mr. Li, said that when he realised that their house, which was recently erected at a cost of $800, was in imminent danger, he called all the boys together with a view to taking them to the girl's school, as the latter house was considered more substantial.\n\nAs the teachers and boys were waiting outside the dormitory for a chance to dash to the neighbouring building, the two Rural Orphanage houses collapsed. With the typhoon at its height, it was found impossible to get to the neighbouring building, and in fact, the teachers had a hard time getting the 20 small boys together.\n\nOne of the little fellows was blown off his feet, and in rescuing the child, Mr. Li suffered an injury to his wrist, which was bandaged yesterday.\n\nLater in the morning, Miss Vincent and Miss K. Langford went out in their swimming costumes from the girls' school to bring all the 20 boys to safety. Apart from receiving a bad shock, none of the children suffered injuries.\n\n\"But the most unfortunate thing is that the new school was opened on September 1, and the very same evening the two houses were smashed up by the typhoon,\" said the teacher.\n\nFood Shortage\n\nThe Chinese police quarters at Gough Hill Station were swept away by the wind during Wednesday night.\n\nRAILWAY DAMAGE\n\nCanton-Kowloon Track Quite Impassable\n\nFORTNIGHT FOR REPAIRS\n\nObviously hit by a great wave during the height of the typhoon in the early hours of Thursday morning, the track of the Kowloon-Canton Railway has been extensively damaged in numerous places over a length of seven miles between Shatin and Taipo Market.\n\nThere are big wash-outs at various spots, the most serious damage suffered being at the point where the railway skirts Tolo Harbour, where the rails are hanging over the embankment, practically into the harbour.\n\nAt several points, the embankments have been completely washed away.\n\nThe railway engineering staff is working day and night carrying out repairs, but Major R.D. Walker, the Manager, stated yesterday that the line cannot possibly be opened until September 13 at the earliest, and even this date is dependent on favourable weather.\n\nIn the course of the interview, the principal of the orphanage, Mrs. A. Blanchett, told the reporter that the orphanage was facing a serious shortage of rice as their telephone had been disconnected since the typhoon and there was no means of getting in touch with Kowloon City.\n\nThrough the reporter, Mrs. Blanchett sent a message to her missionary friends at the C.M.S. Heep Yunn Girls School for a big bag of rice to be immediately rushed to the orphanage.\n\nCASTLE PEAK\n\nFrom another source, it was learned that several casualties occurred along the Castle Peak Road.\n\nA Chinese was killed at the office of the Hong Kee Ming Company, Shing Mun; a boy was killed at Sai Lok Kok village and another at Tin Kau. Two deaths occurred at Sheungshui, where ten houses collapsed.\n\nThe body of a Chinese male was washed ashore, and a Chinese male and female were washed up at the 114-mile beach.\n\nMost of the matsheds on Castle Peak Road have been destroyed, only a few concrete and wooden structures remaining.\n\nA Dairy Farm coolie, Ho Man, aged 36, was injured when a door flew and struck him.\n\nMANY DEATHS\n\nTyphoon Toll In Hongkong And Kowloon Grows\n\nInternal injuries were received by Li Wing, aged 43, of the Wing Lee contractors' matshed at Ma Shu Wan, where a matshed collapsed.\n\nA woman, Lai Kwai-lin, aged 35, of No. 27 Yuchow Street, sustained severe burns when she accidentally touched a broken electric wire.\n\nMore than 50 dead bodies of men and women were removed to the Public Mortuary on Thursday by the police. These people met their deaths through house collapses, stepping on live electric wires, falling signboards, or drowning.\n\nAn unknown yacht that capsized in Cheungshawan caused injuries to Lai Yan, aged 52, an employee, who was in the yacht at the time.\n\nTHIEF ACTIVE\n\nMiss M.M. Tyrrell, of the Peninsula Hotel, reported that the door of her matshed at Repulse Bay was blown off during the gale, and property comprising a gramophone and some records were stolen.\n\nWhile walking along Hollywood Road, three men, Sung Wah, Chan Yuet-sing, and Sun Wai, were injured at different times through falling signboards.\n\nChan Chuen, aged 68, and Tong Ip, aged seven, a girl, were injured when a hut in which they were living at Kowloon Tong collapsed.\n\n2\n\n35",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-564-6 Typhoon- reports of damage- etc 9-9-1937 - 6-11-1937.txt",
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    {
        "id": 558800,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-568-4 Estimates 1939 8-10-1938 - 6-7-1939",
        "page_number": 138,
        "title": "CO129-568-4 Estimates 1939 8-10-1938 - 6-7-1939",
        "content_text": "158\n\n100\n\nHead 26.-ROYAL OBSERVATORY\n\nHead 27-SANITARY DEPARTMENT\n\n101\n\nApproved Estimate, 1938.\n\nEstimate, 1939.\n\nApproved Estimate, 1938.\n\nEstimate, 1939.\n\nHead 27.--SANITARY DEPARTMENT\n\nHead 26.-ROYAL OBSERVATORY\n\nSub-heads :-\n\n  \n    $\n    $\n    $\n    $\n    $\n    $\n  \n  \n    1 Personal Emoluments\n    80,385\n    83,557\n    Sub-heads-\n    Personal Emoluments\n    914,352\n    914,451\n  \n  \n    Other Charges.\n    \n    \n    \n    Other Charges.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    3 Gas\n    1,100\n    1,100\n    Sanitary Staff-\n    440\n    440\n  \n  \n    2 Electric Light and Power\n    150\n    150\n    2 Advertisements\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    4 Incidental Expenses\n    \n    \n    5 Maintenance of instruments and plant\n    2,000\n    2,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    3 Bath-houses, fuel, light, etc.....\n    800\n    2,800 (1)\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    6 Postage\n    180\n    200\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    4 Bathing Places, Care and Control of\n    3,000\n    3,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    5 Coal for Official Quarters\n    1,300\n    1,700 (1)\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    6 Coffins and Biers\n    300\n    2,500 (2)\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    7 Printing\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    8 Rent of Public Telephone..\n    117\n    117\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    9 Subscription to International Meteorological Organisation (£10)... \n    163\n    163\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    7 Conservancy\n    25,000\n    25,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    10 Transport\n    250\n    150\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    8 Conveyance Allowances\n    12,720\n    12,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    11 Uniforms\n    150\n    150\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    9 Disinfectants\n    10,000\n    10,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    10 Disinfecting and Cleansing Stores\n    2,500\n    2,000\n  \n  \n    Total Other Charges\n    7,550\n    7,470\n    11 Disinfectors, Operating expenses of.....\n    700\n    1,200\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    12 Dust Carts, Upkeep of\n    100\n    100\n  \n  \n    Special Expenditure.\n    \n    \n    Special Expenditure.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    12 Aerological Investigation (England)\n    250\n    \n    13 Exhumation, Recurrent\n    6,000\n    10,000\n  \n  \n    13 Steel Cupboard (£10).......\n    163\n    \n    14 Expenses of Inspectors in obtaining Royal Sanitary Institute\n    1,800\n    2,100\n  \n  \n    (3)\n    \n    \n    (3)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    (1)\n    \n    \n    (4)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Balloon Theodolite...\n    2,000\n    \n    (5)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Renewal and renovation of Anemographs (£250)..\n    4,068\n    \n    15 Fuel for Blacksmith's Forges\n    100\n    100\n  \n  \n    (4)\n    \n    \n    16 General Cleansing, Chinese New Year\n    700\n    700\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    17 Head Stones\n    2,700\n    2,700\n  \n  \n    Total Royal Observatory\n    6,068\n    94,003\n    18 Incidental Expenses\n    2,600\n    2,300\n  \n  \n    \n    413\n    \n    19 Latrine Pails\n    600\n    600\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    20 Light and Electric Fans\n    19,500\n    23,500\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    21 Motor Lorries, Vans and Cars, Running expenses...\n    32,500\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    22 Paint, Turpentine, &c.\n    500\n    500\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (3)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (6)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Personal Emoluments.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    25 Rat Poison, Rat Traps, &c.\n    2,000\n    1,500\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (3)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    NUMBERS.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Details of the foregoing.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1938\n    1939\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    i\n    I\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Director, (£1,000 to £1,200 by £50 annually)\n    19,200\n    19,200\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1\n    1\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Assistant Director, (£600 to £900 by £25 annually)... \n    14,400\n    14,400\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1\n    1\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Professional Assistants, (£500 to £800 by £25 annually)\n    18,856\n    19,692\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (3)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1\n    1\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Office Assistant, ($2,400 to $2,600 by $200 annually, Class I Head Computer, ($3,500 to $4,500 by $200 annually)\n    2,633\n    2,520 (6) (7)\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1\n    1\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Class II Computer, ($2,700 to $3,800 by $150 annually)\n    2,700\n    2,850\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (5)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1\n    1\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Class III Computers, ($1,900 to $2,600 by $100 annually)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    5\n    5\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Class IV Computer, ($1,500 to $1,800 by $100 annually)\n    1,483\n    1,583\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (5)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    2\n    2\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Class V Computers, ($1,100 to $1,400 by $100 annually)\n    2,347\n    2,546\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (5)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1\n    1\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Lithographer\n    1,440\n    1,440\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1\n    1\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Printer, ($300 to $420 by $24 annually)\n    420\n    420\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1\n    1\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Total Personal Emoluments\n    80,385\n    83,557\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Veterinary Staff.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Animal Depôts and Slaughter-houses :—\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    24 Rent of Public Telephones\n    713\n    718\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    25 Rent of Quarters for Inspector and Sanitary Offices\n    2,220\n    2,220\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    26 Rent of Quarters for Scavenging Coolies\n    3,000\n    3,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    27 Scavenging Gear\n    9,000\n    9,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    28 Training of Chinese Probationer Sanitary Inspectors\n    2,000\n    2,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    29 Transport\n    1,750\n    1,600\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (3)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    30 Uniforms for Staff..\n    11,000\n    11,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    31 Workshop Apparatus..\n    100\n    100\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Burial of Infected Bodies\n    750\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    32 Ammunition\n    1,500\n    10,700\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    11,200 (5)\n    5,000 (8)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    33 Incidental Expenses\n    2,250\n    2,250\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    34 Light\n    1,200\n    1,200\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    35 Motor Meat Vans: Running Expenses\n    13,000\n    13,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    36 Cattle Crematorium and Refuse Destructor\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Fuel\n    1,000\n    2,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    4,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Total Other Charges\n    181,003\n    148,083\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Do..\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Rent Allowance\n    48\n    48\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1\n    1\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Stone-polisher, ($192 to $240 by $12 triennially)\n    216\n    216\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1\n    1\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Do.,\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Rent Allowance\n    48\n    48\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1\n    1\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1\n    1\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    3\n    3\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Do.,\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Office Attendant, ($192 to $240 by $12 triennially)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Do..\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Watchman, ($156 to $204 by $12 triennially)\n    164\n    164\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (5)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    24\n    24\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    53x\n    540\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (5)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    72\n    72\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1\n    1\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Attendant at An Tau Magnetic Station ($384 to $444 by $12 annually).\n    441\n    444\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Do..\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Rent Allowance\n    49\n    48\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Acting Pay\n    1,334\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (8)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Total Personal Emoluments\n    914,352\n    914,451\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Special Expenditure.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    37 Three Steel Filing Cabinets\n    \n    500\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    38 Three Refuse Lorries (Replacements)\n    \n    30,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (11)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    39 Two Conservancy Junks\n    8,000 (12)\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    40 One Refuse Barge (Replacement)\n    \n    7,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Two Typewriters\n    781\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (13)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Two Refuse Lorries (Replacements)\n    \n    20,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    One Refuse Barge\n    \n    7,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    (13)\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Total Special Expenditure\n    27,781\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    45,500\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    Total Sanitary Department..\n    1,123,136\n    1,148,034\n  \n  \n    (1) Considered necessary.\n    \n    \n    (8) More ammunition required for humane killers.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    (2) Considered sufficient.\n    \n    \n    (9) Increased work and higher cost of coal.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    (3) Replacing Safe.\n    \n    \n    (10) Not required\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    (4) Non-recurrent.\n    \n    \n    (11) Replacements.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Firewood supplied by Government.\n    \n    \n    (12) For Shaukiwan conservancy.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    (5) Stipulated increments.\n    \n    \n    (13) Non-recurrent,\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    (6) Change of nomenclature.\n    \n    \n    (14) See Sub-head 38.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    (7) Changes in Personnel.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nPage 159",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-568-4 Estimates 1939 8-10-1938 - 6-7-1939.txt",
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        "id": 560841,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-571-1 Sino-Japanese War- shipping 10-1-1938 - 24-12-1938",
        "page_number": 47,
        "title": "CO129-571-1 Sino-Japanese War- shipping 10-1-1938 - 24-12-1938",
        "content_text": "(F9628/158/10)\n\nExtract from letter of the 2nd September, 1938 from Mr. G.W. Swire to Mr. Ronald\n47\n\nTyphoon warnings. The following from Shanghai dated August 12 is another sidelight on the Japanese:\n\nTyphoon. During the night of 9th/10th August \"a typhoon struck the Yangtsze Estuary. We had \"very little information as to the progress of \"the typhoon on its way up the coast and we \"understand that Siccawei were working at the \"distinct disadvantage of getting no \"reports from Japanese stations, information \"being suppressed for military purposes. We \"are accordingly arranging for our ships to give \"Siccawei as much information as possible, but \"although we can give them a fair range of information \"North and South of Shanghai, lack of information from \"the East is likely to prove a distinct disadvantage \"to the observatory here. We have asked the ocean \"companies to co-operate on this point\".",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-571-1 Sino-Japanese War- shipping 10-1-1938 - 24-12-1938.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 564474,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-576-10 Estimates 1940 6-10-1939 - 22-10-1940",
        "page_number": 57,
        "title": "CO129-576-10 Estimates 1940 6-10-1939 - 22-10-1940",
        "content_text": "## EXPENDITURE\n\nHis Excellency the Governor | 218,528\nColonial Secretary's Office and Legislature | 682,818\nAudit Department | 149,332\nBotanical and Forestry Department | 196,466\nCharitable Services | 797,579\n\n## Additional Appropriation from Waterworks Renewals and Improvements Fund\n\n3. An additional sum not exceeding Five hundred and fifty-nine thousand one hundred Dollars shall be and the same is hereby charged upon the Waterworks Renewals and Waterworks Improvements Fund for the service of the said financial year, and the said sum so charged may be expended as hereinafter specified, that is to say—\n\n| EXPENDITURE | Fund |\n| --- | --- |\n| Volunteer Defence Corps | 329,167 |\n| Naval Volunteer Force | 65,303 |\n| (a) Replacement of Pumps, Tytam Tuk | 39,100 |\n| (b) Aberdeen and Aplichau Supply | 20,000 |\n| Air Raid Precautions | 1,111,627 |\n| (c) Pokfulam District Supply | 15,000 |\n| Defence Contribution | 7,500,000 |\n| Special War Expenditure | 1,000,000 |\n| (d) New Waterworks Depot and Plant, Kowloon | 85,000 |\n| District Office, North | 95,042 |\n| (e) Replacement of Plant, Waterworks Workshop, Hong Kong | 60,000 |\n| District Office, South | 57,315 |\n| Education Department | 2,969,517 |\n| Fire Brigade | 425,295 |\n| (f) Bowen Road Conduit Reconstruction... | 170,000 |\n| (g) Remove and re-erect Bowen Road Rapid Gravity Filters at Eastern | 20,000 |\n| Harbour Department | 1,802,312 |\n| Air Services | 143,968 |\n| Imports and Exports Office | 628,594 |\n| (h) New Service Reservoir at Bowen Road. | 50,000 |\n| (*) Reconstruction of Albany Service Reservoir | 50,000 |\n| Supreme Court | 291,610 |\n| (i) Overseers' Quarters at Eastern | 40,000 |\n| Magistracy, Hong Kong | 107,498 |\n| (k) Reconstruction of Kowloon Tong Service Reservoir | 5,000 |\n| Magistracy, Kowloon | 79,316 |\n| Kowloon-Canton Railway | 852,896 |\n| (l) Reconstruction of West Point Service Reservoir | 5,000 |\n| Legal Departments | 330,160 |\n| Medical Department | 3,635,709 |\n| Total... | 559,100 |\n| Miscellaneous Services | 2,362,445 |\n| Pensions | 3,620,000 |\n| Police Force | 4,020,397 |\n| Post Office | 1,245,203 |\n| Wireless | 749,422 |\n| Broadcasting | 127,350 |\n| Prisons Department | 1,220,972 |\n| Public Works Department | 2,384,105 |\n| Waterworks | 393,568 |\n| Public Works (Recurrent) | 1,737,450 |\n| Waterworks (Recurrent) | 1,245,501 |\n| Royal Observatory | 162,954 |\n| Sanitary Department | 1,552,224 |\n| Secretariat for Chinese Affairs | 178,227 |\n| Labour Office | 92,431 |\n| Stores Department | 448,894 |\n| Treasury, etc. | 352,042 |\n| Public Works (Extraordinary) Fisheries Research Station | 3,583,550 |\n|  | 160,000 |\n| Total.. | $49,706,787 |\n\nPassed the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, this 7th day of December, 1939.\n\nC. BRAMALL BURGESS,\nDeputy Clerk of Councils.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-576-10 Estimates 1940 6-10-1939 - 22-10-1940.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 565390,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-577-8 Junior Clerical Service- petition for improvements in salaries and conditions of service 6-7-1939 - 19-12-1939",
        "page_number": 55,
        "title": "CO129-577-8 Junior Clerical Service- petition for improvements in salaries and conditions of service 6-7-1939 - 19-12-1939",
        "content_text": "## \nthe commencing salary of the following Chinese Civil Servants :-\n\n| Position | Commencing Salary |\n| --- | --- |\n| Computer, Royal Observatory | $1100 a year. |\n| Assistant Land Surveyor | $800 a year. |\n| Draftsman, Public Works Department | $600 a year. |\n| Meter Readers | $600 a year. |\n| Police Sub-Inspector | $900 a year. |\n| Vernacular Master, Education Department | $900 a year. |\n\n(Vide `Appendix I`).\n\nIt is significant that rigid routine work such as reading of meters and copying of plans and drafts should have a commencing salary of $600 as against the $480 a year of your petitioners.\n\nBut not...\n\nWhy not?\n\n> They are not inferior.\n\nIt is also significant to note that all the above Civil Servants obtain, at the end of 20 years' service, a much higher salary than your petitioners. In fact when new posts were recently created, such as Police Sub-Inspectors and Sanitary Inspectors, the commencing salary was fixed at almost double that paid to your petitioners.\n\nThere is little wonder therefore that many of your petitioners prefer to be transferred to these branches of the Service.\n\n## \n15. That the recommendation of the Salaries Commission, 1929, regarding rent allowance, referred to in paragraph 5 herein, be carried out as early as possible.\n\n`Appendix L` gives a brief history of the effort to provide quarters for Chinese subordinate officers who had completed ten years' service.\n\nYour petitioners beg respectfully to point out that no steps have been made to grant them a rent allowance as from the moment of their entry into the Service.\n\nAs this right is enjoyed by the European section of the Service, this unconscious discrimination is being keenly felt by your petitioners.\n\nFurther, your petitioners respectfully beg to state that the maximum rent allowance for even the highest class of Chinese officers (J.C.S.) is but $325 a month. This sum is...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-577-8 Junior Clerical Service- petition for improvements in salaries and conditions of service 6-7-1939 - 19-12-1939.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 569052,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-583-11 Annual Abstract Account 1939 29-11-1940 - 29-11-1940",
        "page_number": 5,
        "title": "CO129-583-11 Annual Abstract Account 1939 29-11-1940 - 29-11-1940",
        "content_text": "# Colonial Regulation 321 Form R.\n\nCOLONY OF HONG KONG.\n\nSTATEMENT SHOWING THE TOTAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1939.\n\nHEAD OF SERVICE\nAmount Estimated.\nActual Total Receipts.\nMore than Estimated.\nLess than Estimated.\n\nBalance in hand on 1st January, 1939\n$8,370,000\n$11,156,449.01\n$2,786,449.01\n\nHis Excellency the Governor,\n$174,801\n$173,725.15\n\n$1,075.85\n\nDuties\n\nColonial Secretary's Office and Legislature\n$557,221\n$482,203.72\n\n$75,017.28\n\nPort and Harbour Dues, Licences and Internal Revenue &c.\n$14,958,151\n$16,454,986.31\n$1,496,835.31\n\nFees of Court, &c.\n$538,358.44\n$601,641.56\n$63,283.12\n\nAudit Department,\n$122,868\n$112,445.74\n\n$10,422.26\n\nBotanical & Forestry Department,\n$151,953\n$145,061.41\n\n$6,891.59\n\nCharitable Services,\n$458,264\n$1,183,542.90\n$725,278.90\n\nA. Volunteer Defence Corps.\n$177,491\n$489,602.22\n$312,111.22\n\nB. Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Force,\n$58,575\n$207,286.91\n$148,711.91\n\nC. Air Raid Precautions,\n$338,065\n$846,356.65\n$508,291.65\n\nD. Military Contribution,\n$7,097,898\n$6,051,926.07\n\n$1,045,971.93\n\nPost Office,\n$2,927,000\n$3,120,758.60\n$193,758.60\n\nDistrict Office (North),\n$78,948\n\n(South),\n$48,474\n\nKowloon-Canton Railway,\n$1,784,000\n$912,904.86\n\n$871,095.14\n\nEducation Department,\n$2,336,865\n\nFire Brigade,\n$324,307\n\nRent of Government Property, &c.\n$1,834,000\n$1,944,106.92\n$110,000\n\nInterest,\n\n$97,491.55\n\nMiscellaneous Receipts,\n$1,027,500\n$1,881,306.48\n$853,806.48\n\nA. Harbour Department,\n$1,324,320\n$1,509,261.26\n$329,561.91\n$144,620.61\n\nB. Air Services,\n$101,357\n$100,184.91\n\n$1,172.09\n\nImport & Export Office,\n$477,986\n$511,084.72\n$33,098.72\n\nKowloon-Canton Railway,\n$952,103\n$727,687.78\n\n$224,415.22\n\nLegal Department,\n$482,855\n$486,122.65\n$3,267.65\n\nMagistracy, Hong Kong,\n$74,739\n$74,380.32\n\n$358.68\n\nKowloon,\n$55,704\n$59,895.10\n$4,191.10\n\nMedical Department,\n$2,516,267\n$2,486,598.81\n\n$29,668.19\n\nTOTAL ORDINARY,\n$39,338,233.43\n$41,478,052.24\n$5,775,857.58\n$3,636,038.77\n\nMiscellaneous Services,\n$1,633,993\n\nPensions,\n$2,970,000\n$1,636,825.99\n\n$1,333,174.01\n\nPolice Force,\n$3,441,851\n$3,579,788.90\n$137,937.90\n\nA. Land Sales,\n$750,000\n$2,139,818.81\n$1,389,818.81\n\nPost Office,\n$951,030\n$916,817.92\n\n$34,212.08\n\nB. Water Works,\n\nRoyal Observatory,\n\nB. Wireless,\n\nC. Broadcasting.\n\nPrisons Department,\n$412,651\n$322,045.17\n\n$90,605.83\n\nPublic Debt,\n\nA. Public Works Department,\n\nPublic Works Recurrent: General\n$921,140\n$920,245.69\n\n$894.31\n\nSanitary Department,\n\nB: Water Works,\n$1,332,031\n$1,332,031.00\n\n1. Secretariat for Chinese Affairs,\n\nStores Department,\n$1,912,677\n$1,856,258.64\n\n$56,418.36\n\nTreasury & etc.,\n$288,393\n$293,540.14\n$5,147.14\n\n$1,300,600\n$1,279,837.52\n\n$20,762.48\n\n$967,907\n$850,647.82\n\n$117,259.18\n\n$110,373.28\n\n$18,933.28\n\n$1,148,034\n$1,183,030.29\n$34,996.29\n\n$125,653\n\n$312,241\n$263,934\n\n$48,307\n\n$157,157.24\n\nSUB TOTAL\n\nTOTAL REVENUE,\n$35,257,621\n$41,478,052.24\n$7,165,676.39\n$945,245.15\n\nExtraordinary,\n$3,607,998\n$1,188,275.19\n\n$2,419,722.81\n\nTOTAL EXPENDITURE, GENERAL ACCOUNT,\n$37,757,223\n$37,949,116.48\n\n$191,893.48\n\nTotal Revenue including Balance,\n\n$41,918,928.64\n\nTotal Expenditure including Balance,\n\n$37,949,116.48\n\nRECEIPTS\n\nSubsidary Coin Account,\n$95,625.00\n\nDeposite Not Available,\n$3,497,809.14\n\nAdvance Account,\n$172,512.10\n\nImprest Account,\n$86,970.41\n\nEducation Scholarships Fund\n$63,850.00\n\nCrown Agents Remittances,\n$5,797,093.76\n\nEssential Commodities (R) Account\n$926.70\n\nImprest Account - Special\n$1,571,097.05\n\nSuspense Account,\n$1,670,848.31\n\nPraya East Reclamation Scheme,\n$42,969.57\n\nWater Works-Renewals and Improvements Fund\n$414,007.00\n\nJoint Colonial Fund,\n$6,379,160.72\n\nFixed Deposit Account,\n$2,139,103.03\n\nRemittancee-Cash Between Chests\n$110,902.49\n\nAdjustment of Exchange Account\n$117,467.63\n\nChinese Public Dispensaries Fund\n$33,160.07\n\nDistrict, ngtahmen's, Fund\n$114,851.31\n\nAdvang from\n$92,782.72\n\ntouffe toki\n$140,704.88\n\nAdvances pending Re-imbursement from\n$1,183,284.26\n\nProposed New Loan\n$2,099,667.08\n\nNote Issue Account\n$1,009,033.06\n\nSecurity Fund\n$1,138,236.19\n\nNickel Coinage Account\n$750.00\n\nPAYMENTS.\n\nSubsidary Coin Account,\n$40,000.00\n\nDeposits Not Available,\n$5,126,520.56\n\nAdvance Account,\n$197,286.31\n\nEducation Scholarships Fund\n\nImprest Account,\n$63,850.00\n\nCrown Agents Remittances,\n$5,797,093.76\n\nImpreet Account - Special\n$926.70\n\nReserve Stocks of Essential Commodities (R)\n$1,571,097.05\n\nSuspense Account,\n$1,777,433.29\n\nPraya East Reclamation Scheme,\n$76,212.29\n\n\"ater Forks - Renewals and Improvements Fund Teule-luna-ÁDEGOM),\n$80,331.25\n\nJoint Colonial Fund,\n$5,653,110.30\n\nFixed Deposit Account,\n$476,720.20\n\nRemittances-Cash Between Chests\n$110,902.49\n\nAdjustment of Exchange Account\n$121,846.08\n\nGovernment House and City Development Fund.\n$839,704.12\n\nInvestment/Account of Special Funds\n\nKim George Atentoriai“ Tund\n$113,000.00\n\nAdvances pending reimbursement from\n$306,726.26\n\n$1,369,634.12\n\n$2,099,667.08\n\n$1,183,284.26\n\n$1,138,236.19\n\nSecurity Fund\n$1,009,033.06\n\nBalance.......\n$67,145,451.42\n\nFun Dollar Loan\n$2,748,539.70\n\nAdvances pending Re-imbursement from\n\nProposed New Loan\n\nNote Issue Account\n\nSecurity Fund\n\nNickel Coinage Account\n\nTreasury, Hong Kong,\n20th March, 1940,\n\nThe above account has been examined under my direction in accordance with the Colonial Regulations and the General Instructions and Rules of the Colonial Audit Department. I have obtained all the information and explanations that I have required, and I certify, as a result of this audit, that in my opinion the account is correct, subject to the observations contained in my report.\n\n29th November 1940\n\nA. Harding\n\nDirector of Colonial Audit.\n\n69,893,991.12\n\nBeatz\n\nALCIT\n\nAccountant General.\n\nEFPARTHEN\n\nMAR 20 1000\n\nRONG",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-583-11 Annual Abstract Account 1939 29-11-1940 - 29-11-1940.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 569467,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-584-1 Financial returns 1939 17-9-1940 - 17-9-1940",
        "page_number": 4,
        "title": "CO129-584-1 Financial returns 1939 17-9-1940 - 17-9-1940",
        "content_text": "lonial Regulation 321 Form R.\n\nCOLONY OF HONG KONG.\n\nSTATEMENT SHOWING THE TOTAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1939.\n\nHEAD OF SERVICE\n\nAmount Estimated.\n\nActual Total Receipts.\n\nMore than Estimated.\n\nLess than Estimated.\n\nHEAD OF SERVICE\n\nBalance overpaid on 1st January, 1939\n\nAmount Estimated.\n\nActual Total Receipts.\n\nPayments\n\nMore than Estimated.\n\nLess than Estimated.\n\nBalance in hand on 1st January, 1939.\n\n440,876.40\n\nDuties\n\n8,370,000\n\nPort and Harbour Dues,\n\n600,000\n\nLicences and Internal Revenue &c.,\n\n14,958,151\n\n11,156,449.01\n\n538,358.44\n\n16,454,986.31\n\n2,786,449.01\n\nHis Excellency the Governor,\n\n174,801\n\n173,725.15\n\nColonial Secretary's Office and Legislature,\n\n557,221\n\n482,203.72\n\n1,075.85\n\n75,017.28\n\nAudit Department,\n\n122,868\n\n112,445.74\n\n10,422.26\n\nFees of Court, &c.,\n\n2,896,970\n\n3,131,871.26\n\n1,496,835.31\n\n234,901.26\n\nBotanical & Forestry Department, Charitable Services,\n\n151,953\n\n145,061.41\n\n6,891.59\n\nA. Volunteer Defence Corps.\n\n177,491\n\n489,602.22\n\n312,111.22\n\nB.\n\nC.\n\nHong Kong Naval Volunteer Force,\n\nAir Raid Precautions,\n\n58,575\n\n207,286.91\n\n148,711.91\n\n338,065\n\n846,356.65\n\n508,291.65\n\nD. Military Contribution,\n\n7,097,898\n\n6,051,926.07\n\nPost Office,\n\n2,927,000\n\n1,045,971.93\n\n3,120,758.60\n\n193,758.60\n\nKowloon-Canton Railway,\n\n1,784,000\n\n912,904.86\n\nA\n\nRent of Government Property, &c.\n\n1,834,000\n\nInterest,\n\n110,000\n\nMiscellaneous Receipts,\n\n1,027,500\n\n2,044,106.92\n\n97,491.55\n\n1,881,306.48\n\n210,106.92\n\nDistrict Office (North),\n\n871,095.14\n\nEducation Department,\n\nA. Harbour Department, B. Air Services,\n\n(South),\n\nFire Brigade,\n\n78,948.48\n\n48,474\n\n2,336,865.\n\n324,307\n\n1,324,320\n\n101,357\n\n44,509.26\n\n2,148,296.72\n\n76,694.85\n\n2,253.15\n\n3,964.74\n\n188,568.28\n\n12,508.45\n\nImport & Export Office,\n\n477,986\n\nKowloon-Canton Railway,\n\n952,103\n\n329,561.91\n\n1,221,439.92\n\n100,184.91\n\n511,084.72\n\n727,687.78\n\n5,254.91\n\n102,880.08\n\n1,172.09\n\n853,806.48\n\nLegal Department,\n\n482,855\n\nMagistracy, Hong Kong,\n\n74,739\n\nKowloon,\n\n55,704\n\nMedical Department,\n\n2,516,267\n\nTOTAL ORDINARY.\n\n34,507,621\n\n39,338,233.43\n\n5,775,857.58\n\n945,245.15\n\nMiscellaneous Services,\n\nPensions,\n\n1,633,393\n\n2,970,000\n\n486,122.65\n\n74,380.32\n\n59,895.10\n\n2,486,598.81\n\n1,636,825.99\n\n2,711,242.65\n\n33,098.72\n\n3,267.65\n\n4,191.10\n\n3,432.99\n\n224,415.22\n\n358.68\n\n29,668.19\n\n258,757.35\n\nPolice Force,\n\n3,441,851\n\n3,579,788.90\n\n137,937.90\n\nLand Sales,\n\n750,000\n\n2,139,818.81\n\n1,389,818.81\n\nB.\n\nWater Works,\n\nA. Post Office,\n\nB. Wireless,\n\nC. Broadcasting.\n\nPrisons Department,\n\nPublic Debt,\n\nA. Public Works Department,\n\nPublic Works Recurrent A:-General\n\n951,030\n\n916,817.92\n\n34,212.08\n\n412,651\n\n322,045.17\n\n90,605.83\n\n84,952\n\n77,921.10\n\n7,030.90\n\n921,140\n\n920,245.69\n\n1,332,031\n\n1,332,031.00\n\n1,912,677\n\n1,856,258.64\n\n894.31\n\n56,418.36\n\n288,393.\n\n293,540.14\n\n5,147.14\n\n1,300,600\n\n1,279,837.52\n\nB: Water Works,\n\n967,907.\n\n850,647.82\n\n20,762.48\n\n117,259.18\n\nRoyal Observatory.\n\nSanitary Department,\n\nSecretariat for Chinese Affairs,\n\nStores Department,\n\nTreasury & etc.,\n\n91,440\n\n1,148,034\n\n125,653.\n\n312,241\n\n263,934\n\n110,373.28\n\n18,933.28\n\n1,183,030.29\n\n34,996.29\n\n157,157.24\n\n696,213.06\n\n249,435.84\n\n31,504.24\n\n383,972.06\n\n14,498.16\n\nSUB TOTAL\n\nDo.\n\nExtraordinary,\n\n36,068,988\n\n1,688,235\n\n36,132,019.97\n\n1,817,096.51\n\n2,356,129.96.\n\n128,861.51\n\n2,293,097.99\n\nTOTAL REVENUE,\n\n35,257,621\n\n41,478,052.24\n\nMORE THAN ESTIMATED,\n\n7,165,676.39\n\n945,245.15\n\n6,220,431.24\n\n945,245.15\n\nSUB TOTAL\n\nTOTAL EXPENDITURE, GENERAL ACCOUNT,\n\nMORE THAN ESTIMATED,\n\n$\n\n37,757,223\n\n37,949,116.48\n\n2,484,991.47\n\n2,293,097.99\n\n191,893.48\n\n2,293,097.99\n\nTotal Revenue including Balance,\n\n41,918,928.64\n\nTotal Expenditure including Balance,\n\nRECEIPTS\n\nPAYMENTS\n\nRETURNS\n\nSubsidiary Coin Account,\n\n95,625.00\n\nDeposits Not Available,\n\n3,497,809.14\n\nAdvance Account.\n\nEducation Scholarships Fund\n\nImprest Account,\n\nCrown Agents Remittances,\n\n172,512.10\n\n86,970.41\n\n63,850.00\n\n5,797,093.76\n\nSubsidiary Coin Account,\n\nDeposits Not Available,\n\nAdvance Account,\n\nEducation Scholarships Fund\n\nImprest Account.\n\nCrown Agents Remittances,\n\nSpecial\n\n40,000.00\n\n5,126,520.58\n\n197,286.31\n\n750.00\n\n63,850.00\n\n5,797,093.76\n\nIndemnity_Stores\n\nImprest Account...\n\n926.70\n\nImprest Account.\n\nSpecial\n\n926.70\n\nReserve. Stocks of Essential Commodities (R)\n\n1,571,097.05\n\nEssential Commodities (R). Account\n\n1,571,097.05\n\nSuspense Account,\n\n1,777,433.29\n\nSuspense Account,\n\n1,670,848.31\n\nRoad Transport Haulage and Upkeep\n\n42,969.57\n\nRoad Transport Haulage and Upkeep\n\n42,969.57\n\nPraya East Reclamation Scheme,\n\n76,212.29\n\nPraya East Reclamation Scheme,\n\n2,250.00\n\nWater Works-Renewals and Improvements Fund\n\n80,331.25\n\nWater Works-Renewals and Improvements Fund\n\n414,007.00\n\nJoint Colonial Fund,\n\n5,653,110.30\n\nJoint Colonial Fund,\n\n6,379,160.72\n\nFixed Deposit Account,\n\n476,720.20\n\nFixed Deposit Account.\n\nRemittances-Cash Between Chests\n\n2,139,103.03\n\n110,902.49\n\nRemittances-Cash Between Chests\n\n110,902.49\n\nAdjustment of Exchange Account\n\n121,846.08\n\nAdjustment of Exchange Account\n\n117,467.63\n\nKAWAII ma dira. Dresdeumani. Bund\n\nChinese Public Dispensaries Fund\n\nGovernment Hogg and City Development Fund.\n\n839,704.12\n\n33,160.07\n\nInvestment Account of Special Funds.\n\n113,000.00\n\nAngina jajj wel am 160 stappandi à fem meves mel\n\nDistrict Watchmen's Fund\n\n114,851.31\n\nAdvances pending reimbursement from\n\nAdvances pending reimbursement from\n\n92,782.72\n\nDollar Loan.\n\nAdvances pending Re-imbursement from\n\nProposed New Loan\n\nNote Issue Account\n\nSecurity Fund\n\nNickel Coinage Account\n\n\"\n\nSecurity Fund\n\nInvestment on account of Special Funds.\n\n140,704.88\n\n1,183,284.26\n\n2,099,667.08\n\n1,009,033.06\n\n1,138,236.19\n\n750.00\n\n34% Dollar. Loan....\n\nAdvances pending Re-imbursement from\n\nProposed New Loan\n\nNote Issue Account\n\nSecurity Fund\n\nNickel Coinage Account\n\nSecurity Fund\n\n306,726.26\n\n1,369.63.12\n\n2,099,667.08\n\n1,183,284.26\n\nA\n\n69,893,991.12\n\nTreasury, Hong Kong,\n\n10th March, 1940\n\nBalance..\n\n1,138,236.19\n\n1,009,033.06\n\n67,145,451.43\n\n2,748,539.70\n\n69,893,991.12\n\nAccountant General.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-584-1 Financial returns 1939 17-9-1940 - 17-9-1940.txt",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-584-2 Estimates 1941-2 21-2-1941 - 11-6-1941",
        "page_number": 21,
        "title": "CO129-584-2 Estimates 1941-2 21-2-1941 - 11-6-1941",
        "content_text": "Brought forward..... .$ 2,002,591\n\nDistrict Office, North\n\nDistrict Office, South\n\nEducation Department\n\nFire Brigade\n\nHarbour Department\n\n71,824\n\n774,543\n\n51,523\n\n1,566,171\n\n2,606,924\n\n3. An additional sum not exceeding Eight hundred and thirty-two thousand Dollars shall be and the same is hereby charged upon the Waterworks Renewals and Improvements Fund for the service of the said financial year, and the said sum so charged may be expended as hereinafter specified, that is to say-\n\nAppropria-tion from Waterworks Renewals and Im-provements Fund.\n\nEXPENDITURE.\n\nAir Services\n\nPokfulam District Supply\n\nImports and Exports Office\n\nSupreme Court\n\nMagistracy, Hong Kong\n\nMagistracy, Kowloon\n\nKowloon-Canton Railway\n\nLegal Departments\n\nMedical Department\n\nMiscellaneous Services\n\nPensions\n\nPolice Force\n\nPost Office\n\nWireless\n\nBroadcasting\n\nPrisons Department\n\nPublic Works Department\n\nPublic Works (Recurrent)\n\nRoyal Observatory\n\nSanitary Department\n\nSecretariat for Chinese Affairs\n\nLabour Office\n\nStores Department\n\nTreasury, etc.\n\nPublic Works (Extraordinary)\n\nFisheries Research Station\n\nWar Expenditure\n\nImmigration Department\n\n140,210\n\n7,000\n\n1,685,378\n\n217,863\n\n77,247\n\n64,420\n\n917,341\n\n263,168\n\n4,726,389\n\n1,902,390\n\n2,845,000\n\n4,205,845\n\n912,203\n\n486,215\n\n97,955\n\n1,096,322\n\n1,973,654\n\n1,859,500\n\n121,364\n\n1,437,425\n\n138,609\n\n62,171\n\n1,983,026\n\n333,801\n\n3,829,594\n\n190,054\n\n203,225\n\nReconstruction of Waterworks Depôt and Replacement of Plant, Kowloon\n\nReplacement of Plant, Waterworks Work-shop, Hong Kong\n\nBowen Road Conduit Reconstruction\n\nRemove and re-erect Bowen Road Rapid Gravity Filters at Eastern\n\nReconstruction of Bowen Road Service Reservoir\n\nReconstruction of Albany Service Reservoir\n\nOverseers' Quarters at Eastern\n\nReconstruction of Kowloon Tong Service Reservoir\n\nReconstruction of West Point Service Reservoir\n\nReplacement of Meters\n\nWaterworks\n\nWaterworks (Recurrent)\n\nTotal....\n\n$832,000\n\n46,000\n\n45,000\n\n200,000\n\n65,000\n\n215,000\n\n145,000\n\n45,000\n\n10,000\n\n10,000\n\n45,000\n\n300,060\n\n1,039,115\n\n12,300,274\n\nTotal.... $52,483,294\n\nPassed the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, this 6th day of March, 1941.\n\nC. BRAMALL BURGESS,\n\nDeputy Clerk of Councils.\n\nPage 22",
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        "document_key": "CO129-589-11 Port of Hong Kong- Report on future control and development 18-7-1941 - 10-10-1944",
        "page_number": 72,
        "title": "CO129-589-11 Port of Hong Kong- Report on future control and development 18-7-1941 - 10-10-1944",
        "content_text": "# Correspondence \n\n## THE DOCK AND HARBOUR AUTHORITY \n\nTo the Editor of \"The Dock and Harbour Authority\" The Port of Hong Kong: Physical Development \n\nDear Sir,\n\nIn continuation of my letter to you dated 12th January: Whereas the first need is an impartial Trust; so the second need is the early adoption by the Government of a comprehensive scheme for the development of the harbour, embracing every section of its frontages and foreshores; not only that facilities more suitable than those already existing may be provided for the more economical handling of the present trade, and, as far as can be foreseen, the near future trade, but, in order also that areas which may be required for more distant future development may not be alienated.\n\nWhilst Sir David Owen has given much thought to the \"first need\", in my opinion he has failed to give sufficient consideration to this **\"second need\"**, which, in the end, is perhaps the more important of the two. His recommendations, as I interpret them, are really, in effect, expressions of opinion on proposals presented to him by various people in the course of his enquiry in Hong Kong.\n\nBut, before proceeding to comment on these, may I enumerate some of the many considerations which affect the problem, and which, when the time comes, will have to be carefully weighed by the Board of Trustees to reach final conclusions based upon the broad claims of the Colony's general welfare?\n\nApart from issues such as the following, which will determine the locations where development should take place and the form of design of any works:\n\n1. Most convenient positions for the various trades having due regard to the locations where the present trades are carried on;\n2. Suitable depth of water existing or susceptible of improvement at reasonable cost;\n3. Practicability of economic construction;\n4. Direction and prevailing winds; intensity of \n5. Direction and speed of tidal currents and their probable scouring or silting effect by the construction of new works;\n6. Accessibility;\n7. Practicability of providing junk basins contiguous with transit sheds and storage warehouses; and \n8. Practicability of providing shelter whereby steamers and small craft need not leave wharves or basins during typhoon gales;\n\nthere are many other aspects to be considered such as:\n9. Railway communication and the economic division of South and Middle China's trade, in mineral and agricultural products not yet exploited and of industries not yet fully developed, between Hong Kong and Shanghai, by rail to the former versus by the Yangtze to the latter.\n10. Analysis of the existing trade and the \"flow\" of imports and exports; their origin and destination and the numbers of vessels, ocean-going and coaster steamers, river steamers, junks and barges, engaged in the trade, and their draughts on entering and clearing the Port, the possible increase in the draught of ocean-going steamers due to improvement in the depths of both the Suez and Panama Canals; and shipping accommodation existing and projected at Shanghai, at ports in Japan, and on the Pacific Coast of Canada and America.\n\nIn this connection: Hong Kong is a terminal Port and so vessels do not generally enter or leave the harbour with full cargoes; and are, therefore, not loaded down to their maximum draught.\n\n11. Free storage.\n\nThis is a very important factor; for does not the length of time which consignees are granted **free occupancy of transit sheds or space for their goods**, to a great extent, determine the extent of quay and shed accommodation which has to be provided, and thus the capital to be spent and the charges necessary to be levied on the trade? Hong Kong gives 7 days. Shanghai 10 days, Singapore 7 days and Kobe (Japan) 7 days. With ample supporting warehouse accommodation provided adjoining the transit or quay shed or storage space. I see no reason, other than delay caused by typhoon gales or the fear of them, why in Hong Kong, all goods should not be removed from transit space within a period of 72 hours. And this can be accomplished where the disposition of ship and junk basins can be so arranged to meet all conditions and yet provide shelter for steamers and small craft during the typhoon season (May to October); and \n12. Probably the most important: The provision of wharfage and cost.\n\nI gather from Sir David Owen's remarks that he was in agreement that the existing berthage in the harbour is unsuitable in design to allow of the most economical handling of cargo being obtained. Berthage provided with transit sheds at the back of the wharf road, although more expensive to construct than the types of narrow piers existing, is the more suitable design in that it secures:—\n| Factor | Benefit |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) | Less damage to goods and less actual cost for the transport of goods between ship and shed; |\n| (b) | Reduction in handling costs. |\n| (c) | Quick turnabout of vessels in port, more particularly during the typhoon season. |\n| (d) | Less broaching of packages and less risk of pilferage. |\n| (e) | Less frequent handling: an important factor in the case of flour. |\n| (f) | Water and oil fuel can be obtained at less cost direct from pipes laid along the quays. |\n| (g) | Less road congestion, |\n| (h) | Less dependence on unskilled labour. |\n\nThis is a most important factor when we bear in mind the effect of past labour strikes (notably that in 1922); the probability that Hong Kong will have to meet intense competition for trade in the future; and how rapidly science and machine power in the past few decades have so changed the old tempo of life and destroyed the old balance of human labour and production.\n\nAs regards cost of providing wharfage versus loading and unloading in the stream: In 1924 I arrived at the conclusion that to yield 7% (covering maintenance charges, loan interest and capital redemption over a period of 36 years) on the capital expense of providing the necessary quay wall, having a depth of 34-ft. of water alongside at L.W.L.O.S.T., it would be necessary to make a charge, on the basis of a rate of working of 200 tons of cargo per annum per lineal foot of wharf, of only 55 cents. (in 1924 = about 1s. 4d.) per ton of general cargo discharged. This figure was so far below the charges levied in 1924 for the transport of goods between steamers anchored in the stream and the shore that the expense of providing wharfage was then justified. In 1941 the Hong Kong dollar was worth about 1s. 3d., around which figure it has been more or less \"pegged\" for a few years and no doubt the cost in dollars in 1941 would in consequence be higher. This is a question which will have to be reviewed again by the Trustees.\n\nThen there are questions of secondary import to be considered: Services and other works, adjuncts to shipping and trade, such as: Ferry services (passenger and vehicular); typhoon shelter for small craft; facilities for bunkering coal and oil fuel: water and electricity supplies; facilities for ship repair; airport accommodation; and reclamation, etc.\n\nI have endeavoured to outline the scope of the enquiry and investigation which will now devolve upon the Trustees as their primary duty. The task may appear to be a formidable one, but this is really not so; for much of the information likely to be required by them has already been recorded and subjected to critical examination.\n\nIt is to be regretted that the Government did not, during the past 17 years, follow the advice tendered to them; for a complete comprehensive scheme of development could well have been adopted, so that, at the close of hostilities, when the Colony is once again in British possession, its place as one of the major trading points of the world could be established unchallenged and unchallengeable.\n\n## THE DOCK AND HARBOUR AUTHORITY \n\nCorrespondence...continued \n\nAs Sir David Owen remarks there are many public-spirited (and I would add **\"far-seeing\"** and **\"shrewd\"** men in Hong Kong who will be willing, in the interest of the Colony, to give their services free in the capacity of Trustees of the Port. Those business men, by whose opinions the Government must be largely guided, together with their official co-trustees and wisely guided by their chairman, will, I am sure, approach the subject with that same pleasing breadth of view, showing a ready apprehension of present and future requirements and full realisation of the difficulties; and with that same will to overcome them as was characteristic of their predecessors in Hong Kong: And, as a result of their study of the whole subject and their full consideration of the many proposals and schemes already put forward, some by private persons, some official, some modest projects and some involving millions of money, there will evolve a scheme of development acceptable to the Government and to most people concerned in the trade of the Port. Such a scheme may well be termed **\"The Eclectic Scheme of Port Development\"**.\n\nWhatever recommendations the Trustees may make regarding the order of precedence to be given to the various sections of their scheme of development, and the order of progression to be followed towards the completion of each section, the extent of works they may recommend for immediate construction must be based, primarily, on a consideration of what developments are necessary for the trade of the Port as at present carried on.\n\nFrom all I have already written, it will be appreciated that, in the limited space available in your excellent periodical, it is impossible to deal adequately with any of the various proposals which have been put forward for the development of the Port. Indeed, even if that were possible, I doubt that readers' interest in the subject could be sustained.\n\n### Sir David Owen's Proposals \n\nI will now proceed to make comment on a few of Sir David Owen's recommendations commencing with those which, in effect, are adjuncts to shipping and trade. Readers will find it advisable to refer to illustrated supplements which were published with issues of `The Dock and Harbour Authority` for May, 1926 and December, 1936.\n\n#### Railway Station \n\nEver since the railway station was erected in 1910-1911 it has been \"in the wrong place and ought to be removed.\" Having regard to railway communication with the Wharf and Godown Co.'s premises it could, with advantage, have been placed in a better position. But how many stations in this country are in the ideal position?—very few. Wisely, Sir David Owen says:-Let the question of its removal **be considered at some future time**.\n\n#### Star Ferry Pier, Kowloon \n\n\"The Star Ferry Pier at Kowloon point is in the wrong place and should be removed.\" Its position is not an ideal one, not only on account of congestion but also in regard to maneuverability, of craft at certain states of tide. The new position suggested has much to commend it, but again Sir David Owen wisely says, \"leave it for consideration at some future time when congestion becomes greater.\"\n\n#### Admiralty Depôt, Kowloon \n\n\"The Admiralty camber, torpedo-boat basin, oil and coal fuel depot on the west side of Kowloon Peninsula are in the wrong place and ought to be removed.\" There is some foundation for this assertion for it precludes development for commercial purposes in this vicinity; but, I imagine, the decision on this recommendation will be found when the Admiralty presents its quid pro quo.\n\n#### Harbours of Refuge \n\nThen there is the recommendation: As soon as practicable fill in the present typhoon refuge harbour, and, instead of completing the reclamation at Cheung Sha Wan to the lines (that of the proposed breakwater) laid down by the Town Planning Committee, construct another harbour of refuge. I agree with Sir David Owen's conclusion that the land so acquired would be a valuable acquisition and possibly the premium obtained by its sale, apart from the premium acquired by the disposal of the land to be reclaimed at Cheung Sha Wan, might defray the cost of constructing the new refuge. But, is the proposal a sound one?\n\nThe shelter as proposed and the disposition of the entrances will, I concur, afford slightly better protection for craft from typhoon gales than that given by the existing shelter, but the cost of protective works will be found to be high in relation to the area enclosed.\n\nSir David Owen says: \"It is a little further away but the extra distance is so small as not to be any detriment.\" With this opinion I disagree entirely. As a matter of fact the extra distance is over one mile further away from the area of greatest activity which is centred between West Point and Hong Kong Central, and, unfortunately, having regard to the direction of typhoon winds of greatest frequency, in the wrong direction.\n\nTyphoons are terrific storms having wind velocities at times, exceeding 100 m.p.h. In 1931 a wind velocity of 130 m.p.h. was recorded in Hong Kong. A large typhoon affects the weather over an area 300 miles from its centre and gale force is reached within an area of about 60 miles radius. There being on an average 16.5 per typhoon season (May to October) it will be appreciated that the financial loss to shipowners, junk and lighter people, caused year by year through delays consequent upon typhoon weather and more especially the fear of same, must be enormous. Study of the records of the Royal Observatory, Hong Kong, for the years 1884 to 1923, shows that, in that period of 40 years, 60 typhoon gales were experienced in the Colony. The winds, it is recorded, came mostly from the East with some North, or less frequently with some Southerly wind influence. Of these 60 typhoons, 50 induced winds from directions varying from N.N.E. to S.S.E. and only 9 from a westerly direction. With the exception of the remaining one which occurred on the 18th of September, 1906, when the winds from the South attained a velocity of nearly 100 m.p.h., and was the cause of the worst tragedy on record (10,000 lives lost in the harbour alone, including the Bishop, the Harbourmaster and 13 other Europeans), there is no other record up to 1923 of a typhoon blowing from the South.\n\n\"John Chinaman\" is a very industrious, frugal-living fellow, but there is so much competition that he has difficulty in obtaining a living from the trade: During 1935, 18,080 junks engaged in foreign trade, entered and cleared ports in the Colony, and the number engaged in local trade during the same year was 27,500. In consequence, instead of seeking shelter when the first typhoon warning signal is hoisted, the junk master usually elects to remain on his job as late as possible. Incidentally, if he is the last in the shelter he will be the first out. When he does decide to \"cast off\" he has, at least, 5 times out of 6, to beat up against strong north-easterly winds sometimes approaching gale force, which must be done to reach the existing or the proposed shelter. It is therefore not surprising that the junk people complain of the difficulties they at present experience. How much more so will their difficulties be; how much more valuable time will be lost to trade; and how much more will the lives of those poor people be endangered, if the recommendation put forward by Sir David Owen is put into effect? Surely, he did not consult the junk masters' guild: for, had he done so, I am sure he would not have fallen for this proposal!\n\nIn 1924 my recommendations in regard to typhoon shelters were...\n\nWithout the addition of a spur from the existing breakwater to protect the southern entrance to Mongkoktsui Harbour of Refuge recommended by the Consulting Engineers (estimated then to cost $630,000 at 2.6 = £78,750) there will be sufficient area of the refuge closed to westerly gales to accommodate all the small craft likely to make use of this shelter, when the new accommodation in the schemes of the Port Development recommended is available. To give immediate relief, and thus avoid the necessity for craft to use the portions of the refuge disturbed by gales blowing from west to south-west, I recommend the provision of alternative accommodation at Kwo Lo Wan pending the provision of shelter by the construction of wharf, etc.\n\nI note Sir David Owen draws attention to a probable site for a new Harbour of Refuge at Tai Wan mainly for craft used in connection with the \"Air Port Services\" and on the plan which accompanied his report the lines on which protective works should be constructed are shown. This shelter is in the very same position and similar in many respects to the shelter, above referred to, which, in 1924, I recommended as a temporary measure.\n\nWith the disposition of the northern entrance I am in agreement, but, in my opinion, the provision of a southern entrance may well turn the shelter into a veritable death trap. In 1924 I stated: \"It would appear therefore, that, in any system of docks to be provided, a southerly entrance requires least protection from typhoon gales.\" This must not be interpreted to mean that wherever practicable protection from all directions need not be provided. Indeed, it must. Just think of what happened in September, 1906. If this shelter is ever constructed I strongly advise that only one entrance be provided and that on the north side.\n\nIn regard to Causeway Bay shelter, Sir David Owen remarks: \"the proposed ferry pier opposite Marsh Road would incidentally have the effect of affording some protection to the western entrance to Causeway Bay from heavy seas caused by westerly gales.\n\nI think it will be found that this small projection (of, shall we say, 100 yards at a distance of half-a-mile from the shelter entrance?) will have little of an effect.\n\nWhen Sir Maurice Fitzmaurice visited the Colony in 1920 the reclamation of Wanchai Bay, known as **\"The Praya East Reclamation Scheme\"** was about to be commenced and I discussed with him the possible detrimental effect the alignment of the protecting sea wall might have on the western entrance to the shelter.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-590-23 Situation in Hong Kong 25-4-1905 - 25-4-1905",
        "page_number": 145,
        "title": "CO129-590-23 Situation in Hong Kong 25-4-1905 - 25-4-1905",
        "content_text": "# Censor Comments\nThe above report was written to his wife from the diary of Daniel S.K. Chang, who works in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, after Mr. Moody Meng had reported on Hongkong conditions to the Chinese Ministry.\n\n## Report on Hongkong Conditions\n\nThere are more than 144 people more than the minimum requirement, the lack of water, the filth accumulated everywhere and the Japanese confiscation of all drug stores in Hongkong and Kowloon, the danger of dysentery and cholera breaking out in the coming summer is very great.\n\nWhen the British withdrew from Kowloon, many of the ferry boats were destroyed. At present, there are only 3 left, so the service is most inconvenient. The Japanese charge 10 dollars military note as ferry fare, but to cross the harbour is not like in former days. Before the war, it took only 10 or 15 minutes to cross, but it is now a one-day journey. The Japanese and their puppets have priority in crossing the harbour, and only a few ordinary people are allowed to cross each time if there is still room in the ferry. As a result, people have to line up for their turn, and the queue of people stretches from the Star Ferry, Kowloon, way up to the Observatory Road. Many people have to wait from morning till night before their turn comes to go to Hongkong and vice versa. Each one has to be searched by the Japanese gendarmes when boarding the Ferry, and the same search is repeated when one leaves the Ferry.\n\nAfter the British had surrendered, the Japanese refused to give any food or water to the British prisoners for 4 days on the pretext that Japanese prisoners were not given food or water by the Hongkong authorities for 3 days and nights.\n\nThe Japanese are adopting the German tactics by using food supply as a whip to force the Chinese in Hongkong to cooperate with them. They are advertising for propagandists and workers for Japan's \"New Order\". Those who are willing to sign up and \"pledge\" their allegiance to the Japanese policy will be given the privilege to buy rice for a greater quantity and at a cheaper price, and those who have rendered signal service to the Japanese will be given free rice! It is said that the Japanese are sending such workers to Malaya and the D.E.I. to help their propaganda work. Those who refuse to do so can starve themselves to death.\n\nThe people in Hongkong are really in a hell hole. They cannot get money from the bank to exchange it into Japanese notes, and at the same time, they have not sufficient funds to buy their daily food, which they cannot always get. Their alternative is either to face gradual starvation in Hongkong or to leave Hongkong without financial means.\n\nMr. Meng stayed in Hongkong for two months after its surrender. He saw with his own eyes Japanese trucks carrying away money, jewelleries, and other valuables from the bank deposit boxes. Anything that is of value in Hongkong is being systematically looted by the Japanese. He said that when the situation in Hongkong became serious, many people removed their valuables to put into the banks, and now the Japanese have robbed them in one sweep from the Chinese civilians.\n\n| Category | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Imprisoned Citizens | All the British and American citizens - men and women are imprisoned in the Stanley Jail. |\n| Visible Foreigners | The only white men and women in the streets are Germans, Italians, and a few Russians. |\n\nMr. Meng said that it is a fact that many white women were purposely ravaged by the Japanese. Hundreds of Chinese women faced the same fate. Mr. Meng was asked by the Japanese to cooperate with them because he happened to own some factory there. He pretended to do so in order to save his life, but as soon as he had an opportunity, he escaped to Chungking with the only suit which I saw him wear this afternoon.\n\nDue to the difficulty of transportation service, food prices in Hongkong are 3 times as high as those in Kowloon. There are far more people in Hongkong than Kowloon, and on account of the red tape in permitting people to leave, a great number of poor people in Hongkong are already starved. It is feared that epidemics will soon break out in the West Point section of Hongkong.\n\nPeople at present are afraid of the Japanese in daytime because they do not know when their house will be searched or whether they will be arrested, while at night, they are afraid of robbers because no street order is being maintained. People are living under the strain of constant fear that something unpleasant may happen to them at any time.\n\n## Metadata\nPage 144\n\n## Source Information\nIntelligence School \"C\"  \n226/1 Lower Circular Rd., Calcutta.  \nDate: 21.3.42  \nNo. II/171/62  \n1958/2  \n\n**Censor Comments Initialed**\nGeorge, for Lt. Col. of Lolamen  \nCapt. O.C., Intelligence School \"C\"",
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    {
        "id": 583858,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-597-3 Estimates 1950 22-2-1949 - 3-11-1950",
        "page_number": 281,
        "title": "CO129-597-3 Estimates 1950 22-2-1949 - 3-11-1950",
        "content_text": "## INWARD TELEGRAM \n## TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES \n\nThere are also further large commitments for the future on improvements to water supply.\n\n8. While it would be legitimate to meet all this capital expenditure from loans, some of it could not be charged to the Rehabilitation Loan as it represents new work and not replacements. However, the figure of $150,000,000 authorised for the Rehabilitation Loan has not in practice proved adequate for rehabilitation of the Colony, and included in 1949-50 Estimates and to be provided for in 1950-51 will be some $35,000,000 of expenditure which would have been a fair charge against Rehabilitation Loan had sufficient balance been available.\n\n9. It will no doubt be pointed out that the public debt of the Colony is very modest, but I realise that this is not the main consideration from the point of view of H.M.Government and that the more important aspect is raising of loan on the London market and question of bearer issue. I should be grateful for a very early indication of your views on the question of further borrowing. As you are aware, only $50,000,000 of the loan has actually been issued, and it has so far been possible to finance further expenditure from surplus and floating balances, thus saving interest charges. The prospects regarding further local issues are set out in my confidential savingram No.`831(19)` on (4) to Bourdillon dated 2nd December and in a demi-official letter from Follows of 9th December.\n\n10. I propose to pursue the question of an increase in rates with Unofficial members during the next few months. The matter is bound up with question of an increase in rent of business premises. If control were modified so as to permit rent for such premises to be increased to 100% over prewar figure, the yield from the rates at present percentage would be increased by $2,500,000.\n\n11. The scale of expenditure particularly on personal emoluments, continues to cause me much concern. The constant demand for improved safety measures in civil aviation render further increases in the staff of the Civil Aviation Department and the Royal Observatory inevitable. Economies in staff have however been effected in some other departments (see paragraph 15 of my confidential despatch No.`300` of 11th December), and now that efficiency expert is at long last arriving, I trust that a careful review of the establishment and cutting down of the functions of departments which are not strictly necessary will yield greater economy.\n\n(5) `54126/4/4`  \n(3)  \nCopies to  \nCol. Russell Edmunds  \nMR.B. Moberly  \nTreasury  \nEnd",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-597-3 Estimates 1950 22-2-1949 - 3-11-1950.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 583999,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-598-2 Tai Lam Chung Reservoir Project 24-6-1948 - 3-3-1949",
        "page_number": 42,
        "title": "CO129-598-2 Tai Lam Chung Reservoir Project 24-6-1948 - 3-3-1949",
        "content_text": "## CATCHWATERS\n\nThe catchwaters have already been referred to as a very noticeable feature of the Hong Kong Waterworks. Probably nowhere in the world have they been developed to quite such an extent.\n\nAs has already been shown, the direct catchment area above a typical Hong Kong Dam is comparatively small. The catchwaters, which are constructed around the hillsides, drain water from areas which, because they drain more or less directly to the sea or into valleys unsuitable for reservoirs, would otherwise be lost to the water supply. The difficulty, however, is to determine their economical size.\n\nIt is not even obvious just how much water any given catchwater will collect. A measuring flume was built on one of the Tytam catchwaters before the war, but the records have been lost, and also the recording apparatus. The earliest catchwaters were built in an effort to collect more water into an existing storage reservoir, but the later ones have been designed as an integral part of the schemes. But **Table No. 2** shows that there is little uniformity in the designed capacity.\n\nThe difficulty is that a catchwater will naturally collect most rain when it is least required. In an average year, most of the reservoirs will probably fill without catchwaters, but in a comparatively dry year, the full run-off of the catchwaters is required. It has already been pointed out, however, that as much as 5 inches of rain has been known to fall in an hour. Obviously, a catchwater designed to carry that much rain would rarely fill and would have to be a tremendous size, so an economic size must be chosen which will collect most of the ordinary rains, and floods have to be provided for by overflows. The overflows must therefore discharge the maximum flood without endangering the safety of the catchwater by causing it to overflow at unprotected parts. During the Japanese occupation, this happened in a number of places, due to blocked catchwaters, and a number of interesting repairs were effected, see **Plate 2**. The problem is thus reduced to deciding the maximum run-off to be handled before the overflows come into operation.\n\nThis can best be illustrated by taking as an example the Shing Mun Valley Scheme. This scheme is estimated to yield 13 M.G.D. in dry years, i.e., 4930 M.G. per year. The rainfall at Shing Mun is approximately 15% more than at the Royal Observatory, for which records are available from 1884.\n\nConsidering the worst 4 dry year period during which the average rainfall was only 63.64 ins., this may be taken as equivalent to about 72 ins. at Shing Mun.\n\nDuring such years, little would be lost in flood overflows from the main dam, so that the yield might be 50 ins. Taking the drainage area as 3000 acres, that represents 3400 M.G. or 9.25 M.G.D., which is 1,530 M.G. short of the required amount. If the catchwaters could collect the same run-off, an area of about 1350 acres would provide the necessary water. In fact, the Shing Mun Catchwater drains 3114 acres, for even in a dry year, some typhoon storms are inevitable, and some water will probably be lost over the flood spillways, and the yield of the indirect catchment areas has therefore been assessed at only 45% of that of direct catchment areas.\n\nThese figures are supported by the records, such as there are, of the first complete observed year, that of 1947/8. In this year, the yield was 7033 M.G., and the rainfall at the Observatory was 98.27 ins., or say 113 ins. at Shing Mun. On the total area, that gives an average yield of about 45%, or say a 60% yield on the direct area and 27% on the indirect. But, as stated above, due to the lack of any exact figures as to how much water actually was delivered from the catchwater and how much was lost by overflow of the dam, these figures remain little more than supposition, or a starting point for more serious investigation.\n\nFor instance, although the Shing Mun Catchwater is only designed to carry a run-off of 0.4 ins. per hour, it has been observed that the spillways have not been operating even in a typhoon storm of much greater intensity and of considerable duration.\n\nIt is obvious, therefore, that a mathematical design cannot be arrived at without an analysis of the intensity and frequency of storms and the resulting stream flows, such as is now being attempted in the Tai Lam Chung Valley.\n\n## TOTAL RESOURCES\n\nThe total resources available, therefore, to meet the daily demand during the critical winter months are a storage capacity of only 5970 M.G., supplemented by the small yield of the streams.\n\nIt has already been shown that the average dry weather yield is approximately 0.6 M.G.D. per 1000 acres of catchment. In dry weather, the indirect catchment should have the same value as the...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-598-2 Tai Lam Chung Reservoir Project 24-6-1948 - 3-3-1949.txt",
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    {
        "id": 584682,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-599-2 Salaries Commission- 1947 Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949",
        "page_number": 58,
        "title": "CO129-599-2 Salaries Commission- 1947 Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949",
        "content_text": "# \n\n## 135.\n\nWe propose that the Airport Signals Officer should be of the same qualifications and on the same salary scale as a wireless engineer and that he should be assisted by technical staff of similar grades and on similar salaries to those in the Telecommunications Branch of the Post Office. We consider that the duties of the Airport Signals Supervisor are likely to be more exacting and would call for a greater degree of responsibility than those of a Grade I wireless telegraphist in the Post Office and we have accordingly recommended a scale commencing at the same point as that for a Grade I wireless telegraphist but proceeding to a higher maximum.\n\n## 136.\n\nOn the air traffic control side, we realise that it will probably be necessary to recruit overseas officers for the senior posts as long as locally trained candidates are not available. As this branch of the Department is a result of recent developments, and no serving officers are available for promotion, it will be necessary to recruit an overseas officer as an air traffic control officer Grade I. The scale we propose runs from $12,000 per annum to $16,320 per annum. The lower end of this scale overlaps the scale suggested for air traffic control officers Grade II. In due course, when air traffic control is well established, promotions to Grade I vacancies will probably be made from Grade II. In that event, the promotion bar between the two scales will have to be moved to $14,160 per annum. Air traffic control officers will be assisted by air traffic control supervisors whom it should be possible to recruit and train locally. We propose that these officers should have obtained as a minimum qualification the Hong Kong School Leaving Certificate and must have had satisfactory experience in airport or airline work. They will be eligible in due course, after obtaining the necessary experience and training, for promotion to the air traffic control officer grades. We propose a similar salary scheme for airport officers and airport supervisors.\n\n## 137.\n\nWe recommend that the fire engine drivers at the airport should be selected and given their initial training by the Chief Officer, Fire Brigade, and that they should receive the same pay and allowances as fire engine drivers in the Fire Brigade.\n\n## Royal Observatory\n\n## 138.\n\nThe only major change which we propose in connexion with the staff of the Royal Observatory is that professional assistants should enter the professional scale at the same point as P.W.D. engineers and wireless engineers and continue to the same maximum. We have graded the recently created post of Marine Liaison Officer with marine officers in the Harbour Department. We recommend that computors should receive the same salary as Grades I to III and the special grade of the Clerical Service and that the Lithographer should be on the same scale as draughtsmen in the P.W.D.\n\n## Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps\n\n## 139.\n\nWhen Army officers or non-commissioned officers are seconded from regular duties to the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, we recommend that they should...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-599-2 Salaries Commission- 1947 Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 584796,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-599-4 Salaries Commission- 1947 Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949",
        "page_number": 57,
        "title": "CO129-599-4 Salaries Commission- 1947 Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949",
        "content_text": "# \n\n49 \n\n57 \n\n135. To propose that the Airport Signals Officer should be of the same qualifications and on the same salary scale as a wireless engineer and that he should be assisted by technical staff of similar grades and on similar salaries to those in the Telecommunications Branch of the Post Office. We consider that the duties of the Airport Signals Supervisor are likely to be more exacting and would call for a greater degree of responsibility than those of a grade I wireless telegraphist in the Post Office and we have accordingly recommended a scale commencing at the same point as that for a grade I wireless telegraphist but proceeding to a higher maximum.\n\n136. On the air traffic control side we realise that it will probably be necessary to recruit overseas officers for the senior posts as long as locally trained candidates are not available. As this branch of the Department is a result of recent developments, and no serving officers are available for promotion it will be necessary to recruit an overseas officer as an air traffic control officer grade I. The scale we propose runs from $12,000 per annum to $16,320 per annum. The lower end of this scale overlaps the scale suggested for air traffic control officers grade II. In due course when air traffic control is well established, promotions to grade I vacancies will probably be made from grade II. In that event the promotion bar between the two scales will have to be moved to $14,160 per annum. Air traffic control officers will be assisted by air traffic control supervisors whom it should be possible to recruit and train locally. We propose that these officers should have obtained as a minimum qualification the Hong Kong School Leaving Certificate and must have had satisfactory experience in airport or airline work. They will be eligible in due course after obtaining the necessary experience and training for promotion to the air traffic control officer grades. We propose a similar salary scheme for airport officers and airport supervisors.\n\n137. We recommend that the fire engine drivers at the airport should be selected and given their initial training by the Chief Officer, Fire Brigade, and that they should receive the same pay and allowances as fire engine drivers in the Fire Brigade.\n\n## Royal Observatory\n\n138. The only major change which we propose in connexion with the staff of the Royal Observatory is that professional assistants should enter the professional scale at the same point as P.W.D. engineers and wireless engineers and continue to the same maximum. We have graded the recently created post of Marine Liaison Officer with marine officers in the Harbour Department. We recommend that computors should receive the same salary as grades I to III and the special grade of the Clerical Service and that the Lithographer should be on the same scale as draughtsmen in the P.W.D.\n\n## Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps\n\n139. When Army officers or non-commissioned officers are seconded from regular duties to the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, we recommend that they should",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-599-4 Salaries Commission- 1947 Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 585044,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-599-5 Salaries Commission- Appendices to Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949",
        "page_number": 209,
        "title": "CO129-599-5 Salaries Commission- Appendices to Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949",
        "content_text": "# APPENDIX IV\n\n## Total in £. p.a. for Expatriate Officers\n\n| Remarks | Present Salary in £.p.a. | Present Basic in $ p.a. | Proposed Salary in $p.a. | Proposed Expat. in £.p.a. | Proposed Basic in £.p.a. | Proposed Expat. in £.p.a. | Total in £.p.a. |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **ROYAL OBSERVATORY DEPARTMENT** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Director | 1200 | 19200 | 22000 | 4000 | 1425 | 250 | 1675 |\n| Assistant Director | 950-1050 | 15200-16800 | 19200 | 3200 | 1200-1400 | 200 | 1400-1355 |\n| Professional Assistants | 500-910 | 8000-14560 | 10560-13480 | 2400-3200 | 660-1155 | 150-200 | 870-1355 |\n| Marine Liaison Officer | 370-470 | 5920-7520 | 7680-11520 | 1600-2400 | 400-720 | 100-150 | 500-870 |\n| Class I Head Computer. (1) | 3500-4500 | 1800-8160 | 112.10.-510 |  |  |  |  |\n| Class II Computers. (1) | 2700-3300 | 1800-6160 | 112.10.-510 |  |  |  |  |\n| Class III Computer. (1) | 1900-2600 | 1800-8160 | 112.10.-510 |  |  |  |  |\n| Class V Computer. (1) | 1100-1400 | 1800-8160 | 112.10.-510 |  |  |  |  |\n| Office Assistant | 2400-3600 |  | According to grade in Stenographers scales |  |  |  |  |\n| Lithographers | 600-1800 | 1800-3300 | 112.10.-206.5. |  |  |  |  |\n| Stone Polisher | 192-240 | 768-960 | 48-60 |  |  |  |  |\n\n(1) Point of entry into revised scales to be determined later.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-599-5 Salaries Commission- Appendices to Report 1-1-1947 - 31-12-1949.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 585633,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-601-5 Salaries Commission- Education Department 30-12-1947 - 30-12-1947",
        "page_number": 30,
        "title": "CO129-601-5 Salaries Commission- Education Department 30-12-1947 - 30-12-1947",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure II.\n\n**Memorandum on the Salary Scales for Senior Officers in the Hong Kong Education Department**\n\ncopy  \n24\n\nThe Senior Members of the Hong Kong Education Department desire to bring to the notice of Government some aspects of the report of the Salaries Commission with which they are gravely concerned. In general, their criticism is this: that senior educational officers have been graded in a way which places them in an inferior financial position to that of other professional officers in the service of the Hong Kong Government.\n\nIn the past, there has been a tendency to minimize the full significance of educational work in the Colony. A perpetuation of this tendency is implied by the inferior remuneration of senior Education officers and is extremely undesirable. The grading of educational officers on a scale lower than that of officers in other professions causes a lack of prestige which, rightly or wrongly, leads the Chinese to consider that Hong Kong does not assess educational work as of the highest importance. It is unavoidable too that such lack of recognition of their work will create feelings of grievance and disappointment among educational officers; that they will resent the stigma of professional inferiority which is implied and that there will be a resultant loss in enthusiasm and initiative. Furthermore, such a policy is not in conformity with the recommendations of the recent conference of U.N.E.S.C.O. held at Nanking at which the following resolution was adopted: \"It is considered that for the attraction of an adequate number of able modern trained teachers, teachers' salaries must be raised to an adequate level both with regard to basic subsistence and to salaries in other professions.\"\n\n2.\n\nAn examination of the scales recommended for educational officers, and a comparison of these with other scales, discloses three distinct ways in which it appears that the educational profession has been assessed as if it were one demanding lower qualifications and bearing lighter responsibilities than those entailed in other professions. They are:\n\n### I.\nThe grading of the Director of Education on a lower salary than that for the heads of other major Government Departments.\n\n### II.\nThe complete lack of Super-Scale Posts, apart from that of Director.\n\n### III.\nThe fact that the time scale for Masters:\n| Aspect | Details |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) Maximum Salary | Ceases at a lower maximum ($1,420 per month) than other comparable professional Departments ($1,540 per month) |\n| (b) Starting Salary | Commences at a lower starting point ($800 per month) compared with $880 per month for Engineers, Surveyors, Royal Observatory, and Wireless etc. |\n\nWith regard to I: The Salary of the Director of Education. It is noted that the Salaries Commission recommended that the Director of Medical Services, the Director of Public Works, the Superintendent of Imports and Exports (a Cadet officer, class 1), the Post Master General (a Cadet officer, class 1), the Commissioner of Police, the Commissioner of Labour, and the Head of the Sanitary Department (a Cadet Officer class 1) shall all receive a salary of $2,400 per month.\n\nThe Education Department is one of the largest spending Departments and employs a large and varied staff of Europeans and Chinese. The Director bears the responsibility not only of the routine administration and the co-ordination and implementation of ...\n\nPage 30  \nPage 31",
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    {
        "id": 585635,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-601-5 Salaries Commission- Education Department 30-12-1947 - 30-12-1947",
        "page_number": 32,
        "title": "CO129-601-5 Salaries Commission- Education Department 30-12-1947 - 30-12-1947",
        "content_text": "# \n- 3 - \n## 31\n\nthey may be.\n\nThere is thus a disparity between the Education Scale and other Scales which appears to conflict with Par. 32 of the Salaries Commission Report quoted above. This disparity also seems to reflect adversely on the status of the professional qualifications and experience necessary for appointment from overseas, despite the further statements of the Salaries Commission Report (Par. 27) that in addition to essential professional qualifications \"Schoolmasters and schoolmistresses will likewise have had teaching experience in a good school at home\", and that (Par. 28) \"appointments from overseas shall henceforth be in some sense specialist.\"\n\nThese specialist officers appointed from overseas will possibly teach as subject specialists for a few years to gain local experience, and then proceed to special posts such as lecturers in the Northcote Training College, organisers and junior inspectors of Subjects, assistant organisers of adult education, etc. They should eventually rise to senior posts.\n\nIt is submitted that, as shown in the Appendix (A)3, the three posts of Senior Master should be abolished and that Masters should continue on the time-scale to a maximum of $1,540 per month. This would help to remove the disparity between the Scale as proposed by the Salaries Commission and the scales proposed for comparable professional Departments, and be in accordance with Par. 32 of the Salaries Commission Report already quoted.\n\nWith regard to III(b) the point of entry into the time scale, the initial qualifications, age, and experience required for appointment are not less than those required for surveyors, land surveyors, P.W.D. engineers, and the Royal Observatory staff. It is therefore submitted that the point of entry for Masters appointed from Overseas should be $880 per month as for other similarly qualified professional officers.\n\n## 6.\n\nSalary of Chief Technical Instructors. Lastly, it is submitted that Chief Technical Instructors who hold qualifications which would entitle them to be paid as graduates under Par. 12 of the Burnham Report for Technical Colleges etc., 1945 should be paid on the same scale as Masters, Education Departments.\n\n## 7.\n\n(i) The suggestions made may be summarised as under:- \nThe Director of Education should as the heads of other major Government Departments be on a salary scale of $2,400 per month.\n\n(ii) There should be as in other Departments and as justified by the importance and amount of work in the Education Department, \n(a) A Deputy Director of Education on a salary of $2,066 per month. \n(b) Senior Inspectors or Assistant Directors on a salary of $2,000 per month.\n\n(iii) The time-scale for Masters appointed from overseas should commence at $880 per month and continue to $1,540 per month.\n\n(iv) Chief Technical Instructors who would be recognised under the Burnham Scale as having qualifications equivalent to graduates should be on the same time-scale as Masters.\n\nThe whole position showing 1. The salaries recommended by the Salaries Commission for other professions, 2. The Salaries recommended by the Salaries Commission for Educational officers, and 3. The salaries which it is submitted would be reasonable for educational officers considering their duties and responsibilities and the salaries in other comparable Government Departments is set out in tabular form in the Appendix (A).",
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    {
        "id": 587218,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-605-1 Annual Accounts- 1946-7 9-9-1948 - 14-3-1949",
        "page_number": 25,
        "title": "CO129-605-1 Annual Accounts- 1946-7 9-9-1948 - 14-3-1949",
        "content_text": "COLONY OF HONG KONG\n\nStatement showing the total Receipts and Payments for the year ended the 31st March, 194\n\nEstimated Actual More than Estimated\n\nHEAD OF SERVICE.\n\n$ C. $ C. $ C.\n\nBalance in hand on 194\n\nREVENUE.\n\nLess than Estimated.\n\nHEAD OF SERVICE.\n\nBalance overpaid on 194\n\nEXPENDITURE.\n\nDuties\n\nAssessed Taxes\n\nInternal Revenue\n\nLicences, Fines & Forfeitures\n\nFees of Court or Office, Payments for Specific Purposes & Reimbursements\n\nWater Revenue\n\nPost Office\n\nKowloon-Canton Railway\n\nRevenue from Land Rents, Properties and Investments\n\nMiscellaneous Receipts\n\nLand Sales\n\nTOTAL (ORDINARY)\n\nTotal Revenue\n\nMore than Estimated\n\nH.E. the Governor\n\nColonial Secretariat & Legislature\n\nAudit Department\n\nDevelopment Secretariat :—\n\nA. Directorate\n\nB. Agriculture\n\nC. Fisheries\n\nD. Fisheries Research Station\n\nE. Forestry\n\nF. Gardens\n\nDirectorate of Air Services\n\nDistrict Office, North\n\nSouth\n\nEducation Department\n\nFire Brigade\n\nHarbour Department\n\nHong Kong Naval Volunteer Force\n\nHong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps\n\nImports & Exports Department\n\nInland Revenue Department\n\nJudiciary:-\n\nA. Supreme Court\n\nB. Magistracy, Hong Kong.\n\nKowloon\n\nKowloon-Canton Railway\n\nLabour Office\n\nLegal Departments\n\nMedical Department: A. Medical\n\nB. Relief\n\nMiscellaneous Services\n\nPensions\n\nPolice Force\n\nPost Office, Tele. & Broadcasting :--\n\nA. Post Office\n\nB. Telecommunications\n\nC. Broadcasting\n\nPublic Relations Office\n\nPrisons Department\n\nPublic Debt\n\nPublic Works Department.\n\nExtraordinary\n\nRoyal Observatory\n\nSanitary Department\n\nS. C. A. & District Watch Force:-\n\nA. S. C. A.\n\nB. District Watch Force\n\nStores Department\n\nTreasury\n\nSupplies, Trade & Industry Department\n\nCustodian of Property\n\nQuartering Commandant's Office\n\nReparations Claims Office\n\nTotal Expenditure\n\nMore than Estimated\n\nTotal Expenditure including Balance\n\nTotal Revenue including Balance\n\nAdvances\n\nOTHER RECEIPTS.\n\nAdvances pending Raising of Loan\n\nCrown Agents Remittances\n\nDeposits\n\nImprests\n\nJoint Colonial Fund\n\nLoans to Local Bodies\n\nRemittances Cash between Chests\n\nSpecial Funds:-Banking & Insurance Cos.\n\nSuspense\n\nBanking & Insurance Cos.-Investments\n\nEducation Scholarships Fund\n\n4% Conversion Loan Sinking Fund\n\n4% Conversion Loan Sinking Fund-Investments\n\nGrant Schools Provident Fund\n\nNickel Coinage-Investments & Current a/c.\n\nNickel Coinage Security Fund\n\nNote Issue-Current Account\n\nNote Security Fund\n\nSubsidiary Note Issue-Current a/c.\n\nSubsidiary Note Security Fund\n\nThe Treasury, Hong Kong, 194\n\nOTHER PAYMENTS,\n\nEstimated Actual\n\nAdvances\n\nAdvances pending Raising of Loan\n\nCrown Agents Remittances\n\nDeposits\n\nImprests\n\nJoint Colonial Fund\n\nLoans to Local Bodies\n\nRemittances Cash between Chests\n\nSpecial Funds: Banking & Insurance Cos.\n\nSuspense\n\nBanking & Insurance Cos.-Investments\n\nEducation Scholarships Fund\n\n4% Conversion Loan Sinking Fund\n\n4% Conversion Loan Sinking Fund-Investments\n\nGrant Schools Provident Fund\n\nNickel Coinage-Investments & Current a/c.\n\nNickel Coinage Security Fund\n\nNote Issue Current Account\n\nNote Security Fund\n\nSubsidiary Note Issue Current a/c.\n\nSubsidiary Note Security Fund\n\nBalance\n\nAccountant General.\n\nMore than Estimated\n\n$ C. $ C.\n\nLess than Estimated\n\n$ C. $ C.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-605-1 Annual Accounts- 1946-7 9-9-1948 - 14-3-1949.txt",
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    {
        "id": 587311,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-605-1 Annual Accounts- 1946-7 9-9-1948 - 14-3-1949",
        "page_number": 118,
        "title": "CO129-605-1 Annual Accounts- 1946-7 9-9-1948 - 14-3-1949",
        "content_text": "# STATEMENT SHOWING THE TOTAL RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS OF HONG KONG FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1947\n\nOPENING BALANCE:- 1st May, 1946: - $7,262.14\n\n  \n    HEAD OF SERVICE\n    Estimated\n    Actual\n    More than Estimated\n    Less than Estimated\n  \n  \n    His Excellency the Governor\n    $161,809\n    $185,980.48\n    $24,171.48\n    \n  \n  \n    Colonial Secretary's Office and Legislature\n    $477,112\n    $487,616.53\n    $10,504.53\n    \n  \n  \n    Audit Department\n    $134,802\n    $97,749.84\n    \n    $37,052.16\n  \n  \n    Charitable Services\n    $155,745\n    $116,243.80\n    \n    $39,501.20\n  \n  \n    Defence:- B. A. Volunteer Defence Corps Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Force District office, North\n    $73,682\n    $28,791.18\n    \n    $44,890.82\n  \n  \n    District office, South\n    $59,756\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Education Department\n    $6,392,275\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Fire Brigade Duties\n    $774,940\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Import & Exports Office\n    $595,218\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Assessed Taxes\n    $5,750,000\n    $6,826,648.90\n    $1,076,648.90\n    \n  \n  \n    Judiciary: - A. B. C. Supreme Court Magistracy, Hong Kong Kowloon\n    $245,439\n    $220,718.85\n    \n    $24,720.15\n  \n  \n    \n    $65,412\n    $70,737.63\n    $5,325.63\n    \n  \n  \n    Internal Revenue\n    $7,000,000\n    $12,127,252.71\n    $5,127,252.71\n    \n  \n  \n    Kowloon-Canton Railway\n    $11,085,835\n    $1,461,979.72\n    \n    $9,623,855.28\n  \n  \n    Legal Departments\n    $333,532\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Medical Department\n    $10,711,380\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Miscellaneous Services\n    $62,837,771\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Licences, Fines and Forfeitures\n    \n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Pensions\n    $4,115,000\n    $1,716,400\n    \n    $2,398,600\n  \n  \n    Police Force\n    $5,849,189\n    $25,343,887.78\n    $19,494,698.78\n    \n  \n  \n    Post Office, Telecommunications & Broadcasting:- A. Post Office\n    $908,585\n    $526,875\n    \n    $381,710\n  \n  \n    B. Telecommunications\n    $707,644\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    C. Broadcasting\n    $174,848\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Payments for Specific Purposes, and Reimbursements in Aid\n    $6,140,500\n    $4,948,178.79\n    \n    $1,192,321.21\n  \n  \n    Prisons Department\n    \n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Public Debt\n    $1,653,120\n    $5,982,600\n    $4,329,480\n    \n  \n  \n    Public Works Department\n    $2,888,996\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Water Revenue\n    $2,600,000\n    $2,538,683.98\n    \n    $61,316.02\n  \n  \n    Public Works Recurrent\n    $6,189,398\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Royal Observatory\n    $176,735\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Sanitary Department\n    $3,017,987\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Secretariat for Chinese Affairs & Labour Office:- Kowloon-Canton Railway\n    $3,402,900\n    $4,414,899.14\n    $1,011,999.14\n    \n  \n  \n    Revenue from Land Rents, Properties & Investments\n    $8,730,017\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Development Secretariat:- Miscellaneous Receipts\n    $1,491,000\n    $2,437,520.52\n    $946,520.52\n    \n  \n  \n    A. Directorate\n    $52,964\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    B. Agriculture\n    $337,036\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    C. Fisheries Department\n    $3,871,163.34\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    D. Fisheries Research Station\n    $259,050\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    E. Forestry Department\n    $907,224\n    $...\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    F. Gardens Department\n    $349,353\n    $227,570.22\n    \n    $121,782.78\n  \n  \n    TOTAL (EXCLUSIVE OF LAND SALES):-\n    $51,108,300\n    $81,961,188.24\n    $32,106,525.47\n    $1,253,637.23\n  \n  \n    Land Sales, (Premia on New Leases)\n    $200,000\n    $180,367.80\n    \n    $19,632.20\n  \n  \n    TOTAL REVENUE:-\n    $51,308,300\n    $82,141,556.04\n    $32,106,525.47\n    $1,273,269.43\n  \n\nPage 131\n\n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    General Revenue Account\n    \n    $134,148,315.43\n    \n    $167,854,576\n  \n  \n    Deposits\n    \n    $1,207,702.54\n    \n    $85,622,390.78\n  \n  \n    Advances (Personal, Other Administrations & Miscellaneous)\n    \n    $1,904,016.82\n    \n    $4,403,109.26\n  \n  \n    Advances (Pending Raising of Loan)\n    \n    \n    \n    $86,635,294.48\n  \n  \n    Imprests\n    \n    $91,134,091.87\n    \n    $2,000\n  \n  \n    Joint Colonial Fund\n    \n    $2,285,623.09\n    \n    $28,564,708.73\n  \n  \n    Remittances - Cash between Chests\n    \n    $283.03\n    \n    $28\n  \n  \n    Loan to Local Bodies\n    \n    \n    \n    $91\n  \n  \n    Loan Works\n    \n    \n    \n    $87\n  \n  \n    Suspense\n    \n    $190,506,997.23\n    \n    $141,655,559\n  \n  \n    Currency Funds:- Note Security Fund\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Current a/c\n    $9,117,092.57\n    \n    $1,000,000\n    $3,517,092.57\n  \n  \n    Subsidiary Note Security Fund\n    \n    $2,253,478\n    \n    $1,003,478.65\n  \n  \n    - do - Current a/c\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Overprinted Note Security Fund\n    \n    $340,040\n    \n    $340,040\n  \n  \n    Nickel Coinage Security Fund\n    \n    $215,004.14\n    \n    $215,004.14\n  \n  \n    S.C.A. Funds:- Chinese Public Dispensaries\n    \n    $6,000\n    \n    $6,000\n  \n  \n    - do - (Hong Kong Government Loan, 1933)\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    District Watchmen\n    \n    $58,000\n    \n    $58,000\n  \n  \n    - do - (Hong Kong Government Loan, 1933 & 1940)\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Passage Money\n    \n    $6,000\n    \n    $6,000\n  \n  \n    - do - (Hong Kong Government Loan, 1940)\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Miscellaneous Funds:- China Provident Loan & Mortgage Co.,Ltd.\n    \n    \n    \n    $100,000\n  \n  \n    - do - Fixed Deposits\n    \n    $68,301.71\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Education Scholarships\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    - do - Investments & Fixed Deposits\n    \n    $3,031,685.80\n    \n    $3,031,685.80\n  \n  \n    Conversion Loan Sinking Fund\n    \n    $80,920,000\n    \n    $80,920,000\n  \n  \n    - do - Sterling Investment\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Banking & Insurance Companies\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    - do - Sterling Investment\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Supreme Court (Official Administrator, Trustee etc.)\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Current a/c and Fixed Deposit\n    \n    $2,940,160.80\n    \n    $2,940,160.80\n  \n  \n    Grant Schools Provident Fund\n    \n    $138,623.75\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    - do - Sterling Investment\n    \n    $1,320.53\n    \n    $1,320.53\n  \n  \n    Water Works - Renewal Fund\n    \n    \n    \n    $392,063\n  \n  \n    Sundry\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Hong Kong Government Loan, 1940 & Fixed Deposit\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    TOTAL RECEIPTS:-\n    \n    $662,601,992.39\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    TOTAL EXPEND\n    \n    \n    \n    $652,311,833.33\n  \n  \n    TOTAL:-\n    \n    $662,601,992.39\n    \n    $662,601,992.39\n  \n  \n    TOTAL PAYMENTS:-\n    \n    \n    \n    $652,311,833.33\n  \n  \n    NETT BALANCE:- 31st March, 1947:-\n    \n    $10,290,159.06\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    TOTAL:-\n    \n    $662,601,992.39\n    \n    $662,601,992.39\n  \n\nTHE TREASURY, HONG KONG, 10th February, 1948\n\nExamined. 9th Sept 1949. DIRECTOR OF AUDIT\n\nAs the absentee of H. R. Hirst, Accountant General.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-605-1 Annual Accounts- 1946-7 9-9-1948 - 14-3-1949.txt",
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    {
        "id": 587312,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-605-1 Annual Accounts- 1946-7 9-9-1948 - 14-3-1949",
        "page_number": 119,
        "title": "CO129-605-1 Annual Accounts- 1946-7 9-9-1948 - 14-3-1949",
        "content_text": "Estimated \n\nHEAD OF SERVICE. \n\nBalance in hand on \n\n194 \n\nREVENUE. \n\nCOLONY OF HONG \n\nKONG \n\nStatement showing the total Receipts and Payments for the year ended the 31st March, 194 \n\nActual \n\nMore than Estimated \n\n* \n\nc. \n\nLess than Estimated \n\n$ \n\nHEAD OF SERVICE. \n\nc. \n\nBalance overpaid on \n\n194 \n\nEXPENDITURE. \n\nDuties \n\nAssessed Taxes \n\nInternal Revenue \n\nLicences, Fines & Forfeitures \n\nFees of Court or Office, Payments for Specific \n\nPurposes & Reimbursements \n\nWater Revenue \n\nPost Office \n\nKowloon-Canton Railway \n\nRevenue from Land Rents, Properties \n\nand Investments \n\nMiscellaneous Receipts \n\nLand Sales \n\nTOTAL (URDINARY) \n\nTotal Revenue \n\nMore than Estimated \n\nH.E. the Governor \n\nColonial Secretariat & Legiskture \n\nAudit Department \n\nDevelopment Secretariat :--| \n\nA. Directorate \n\nB. Agriculture \n\nC. Fisheries \n\nD. \n\nFisheries Research Station \n\nE. Forestry \n\nF. Ciardens \n\nDirectorate of Air Services \n\nDistrict Office, North \n\nSouth \n\nEducation Department \n\nFire Brigade \n\nHarbour Department \n\nHong Kong Naval Volunteer Force \n\nHong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps \n\nImports & Exports Department \n\nInland Revenue Department \n\nJudiciary:- \n\nA. Supreme Court \n\nB. Magistracy, Hong Kong C. \n\nKowloon \n\nKowloon-Canton Railway \n\nLabour Office \n\nLegal Departments Medical Department:- \n\nA. Medical \n\nB. Relief \n\nMiscellaneous Services \n\nPensions \n\nPolice Force \n\n品 \n\nPost Office, Tele. & Broadcaling:- \n\n1. Post Office \n\nB. Telecommunication. \n\nC. Broadcasting \n\nPublic Relations Office \n\nPrisons Department \n\nPublic Debt \n\nPublic Work Umpartment \n\nRecurrent \n\nExtraordinary \n\nRoyal Observatory \n\n-Sanitary Department \n\nS. C. A. & District Watch Force :- \n\n1. 8. C. A. \n\nB. District Watch Fore \n\nStores Department \n\nTreasury \n\nSupplies, Trade & Industry Department \n\nCustodian of Property \n\nQuartering Commandant's Office \n\nReparations Claims Office \n\nTotal Expenditure \n\nMore than Estimatel \n\nTotal Expenditure including Balance \n\nTotal Revenue including Balance \n\nOTHER RECEIPTS. \n\nAdvances \n\nAdvances pending Raising of Loan \n\nCrown Agents Remittances \n\nDeposits \n\nImprests \n\nJoint Colonial Fund \n\nLoans to Local Bodies \n\nRemittances-Cash between Chests \n\nSpecial Funds: Banking & Insurance Cos. \n\nSuspense \n\nBanking & Insurance Cos.-Investments Education Scholarships Fund \n\n4% Conversion Loan Sinking Fund \n\n4% Conversion Loan Sinking Fund--Investments \n\nGrant Schools Provident Fund \n\nNickel Coinage-Investments & Current a/c. \n\nNickel Coinage Security Fund \n\nNote Issue-Current Account \n\nNote Security Fund \n\nSubsidiary Note Issue-Current a/c. \n\nSubsidiary Note Security Fund \n\nOTHER PAYMENTS. \n\nEstimated \n\n* \n\nActual \n\nJ.... \n\nAdvances \n\nAdvances pending Raising of Loan \n\nCrown Agents Remittances \n\nDeposits \n\nImprests \n\nJoint Colonial Fund \n\nLoans to Local Bodies \n\nRemittances Cash between Chests \n\nSpecial Funds -Banking & Insurance Cos. \n\nSuspense \n\nBanking & Insurance Cos.-Investments Education Scholarships Fund \n\n4% Conversion Loan Sinking Fund \n\n4% Conversion Loan Sinking Fund-Investments Grant Schools Provident Fund \n\nNickel Coinage Investments & Current a/c. \n\nNickel Coinage Security Fund \n\nNote Issue Current Account \n\nNote Security Fund \n\nSubsidiary Note Issue-Current a/c. Subsidiary Note Security Fund \n\nThe Treasury, Hong Kong, \n\n194 \n\nBalance \n\nAccountant General. \n\nC. \n\nMore than \n\nEstimated \n\n፫ . \n\n13 \n\nLess than Estimated",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-605-1 Annual Accounts- 1946-7 9-9-1948 - 14-3-1949.txt",
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    {
        "id": 587419,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-605-2 Annual Accounts- 1947-8 22-7-1949 - 20-9-1949",
        "page_number": 22,
        "title": "CO129-605-2 Annual Accounts- 1947-8 22-7-1949 - 20-9-1949",
        "content_text": "# COLONY OF HONG KONG\n\nStatement showing the total Receipts and Payments for the year ended the 31st March, 1948\n\nPage 1\n\n \n\n## REVENUE\n\n \n\n  \n    HEAD OF SERVICE\n    Estimated\n    Actual\n    More than Estimated\n    Less than Estimated\n  \n  \n    Balance in hand on 1st April 1947\n    $\n    10,290,159.06\n    $\n    $\n  \n  \n    Duties\n    185,498\n    535,000\n    240,573.75\n    55,075.75\n  \n  \n    Colonial Secretariat & Legislature\n    691,378.23\n    \n    156,378.23\n    \n  \n  \n    Audit Department\n    147,134\n    175,077.74\n    27,643.74\n    \n  \n  \n    Assessed Taxes\n    6,510,000\n    9,984,659.55\n    3,474,629.55\n    \n  \n  \n    A. Directorate\n    63,572\n    54,122.94\n    \n    9,449.06\n  \n  \n    B. Agriculture\n    341,705\n    196,719.90\n    \n    144,985.10\n  \n  \n    C. Fisheries\n    91,738\n    71,737.05\n    \n    20,000.95\n  \n  \n    D. Fisheries Research Station\n    37,930\n    12,532.55\n    \n    25,397.45\n  \n  \n    E. Forestry\n    198,283\n    170,066.48\n    \n    28,216.52\n  \n  \n    F. Gardens\n    172,312\n    169,722.56\n    \n    2,589.44\n  \n  \n    Directorate of Air Services\n    164,974\n    254,589.54\n    90,015.54\n    \n  \n  \n    Internal Revenue\n    29,950,000\n    38,696,205.28\n    8,746,205.28\n    \n  \n  \n    Licences, Fines & Forfeitures\n    3,125,100\n    7,441,657.61\n    4,316,557.61\n    \n  \n  \n    Fees of Court or Office, Payments for Specific Purposes & Reimbursements\n    7,428,450\n    9,083,326.85\n    1,654,876.85\n    \n  \n  \n    Water Revenue\n    4,841,000\n    5,667,227.78\n    826,227.78\n    \n  \n  \n    Post Office\n    3,635,000\n    7,065,230.24\n    3,430,230.24\n    \n  \n  \n    Kowloon-Canton Railway\n    5,355,300\n    6,370,059.01\n    1,014,759.01\n    \n  \n\nPage 2\n\n  \n    HEAD OF SERVICE\n    Estimated\n    Actual\n    More than Estimated\n    Less than Estimated\n  \n  \n    Medical Department\n    122,668\n    150,835.83\n    28,167.83\n    \n  \n  \n    Education Department\n    20,467\n    113,260.08\n    92,793.08\n    \n  \n  \n    Fire Brigade\n    7,378,025\n    6,444,815.97\n    \n    933,209.03\n  \n  \n    Harbour Department\n    569,476.51\n    3,539,033\n    2,969,556.49\n    \n  \n  \n    Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Force\n    3,360,156.09\n    4,378\n    \n    3,355,778.09\n  \n  \n    Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps\n    2,714.51\n    741,611\n    738,896.49\n    \n  \n  \n    Imports & Exports Department\n    72,774.62\n    612,957\n    540,182.38\n    \n  \n  \n    Inland Revenue Department\n    5,434,369.77\n    3,443,008\n    \n    1,991,361.77\n  \n  \n    Judiciary:- A. Supreme Court\n    311,563.21\n    254,083\n    \n    57,480.21\n  \n  \n    B. Magistracy, Hong Kong\n    242,078.47\n    233,209.03\n    \n    8,869.44\n  \n  \n    Labour Office\n    60,959.49\n    170,876.94\n    109,917.45\n    \n  \n  \n    District Office, North\n    1,836.38\n    58,587.23\n    56,750.85\n    \n  \n  \n    South\n    29,438.79\n    12,004.53\n    \n    17,434.26\n  \n  \n    Police Force\n    5,021,762\n    2,995,236.54\n    \n    2,026,525.46\n  \n  \n    Post Office, Tele. & Broadcasting:- A. Post Office\n    2,316,202\n    2,201,618\n    \n    114,584\n  \n  \n    B. Telecommunications\n    670,762\n    93,720\n    \n    577,042\n  \n  \n    C. Broadcasting\n    458,631\n    7,830,148\n    7,371,517\n    \n  \n  \n    Revenue from Land Rents, Properties and Investments\n    30,347,020\n    2,280,800\n    \n    28,066,220\n  \n  \n    Pensions\n    4,463,000\n    3,557,493.52\n    \n    905,506.48\n  \n  \n    Miscellaneous Receipts\n    4,456,012.16\n    1,272,712.16\n    \n    3,183,300\n  \n  \n    TOTAL (ORDINARY)\n    104,209,750\n    143,193,449\n    38,983,699.15\n    \n  \n  \n    Land Sales\n    7,923,000\n    5,630,000\n    \n    2,293,000\n  \n  \n    Grant by Imperial Government\n    9,104,861.33\n    12,000,000\n    2,895,138.67\n    \n  \n  \n    Secretariat for Chinese Affairs & District Watch Force\n    168,583\n    308,813.87\n    140,230.87\n    \n  \n\nPage 3\n\n  \n    HEAD OF SERVICE\n    Estimated\n    Actual\n    More than Estimated\n    Less than Estimated\n  \n  \n    Public Works Department\n    11,053,986\n    1,469,060\n    \n    9,584,926\n  \n  \n    Sanitary Department\n    1,244,243.67\n    60,763,924.38\n    59,519,680.71\n    \n  \n  \n    Stores Department\n    2,487,870.35\n    6,234,521.70\n    3,746,651.35\n    \n  \n  \n    Treasury\n    206,054.51\n    199,414.46\n    \n    6,640.05\n  \n  \n    Quartering Commandant's Office\n    179,666.31\n    30,416,093.38\n    30,236,427.07\n    \n  \n  \n    Reparations Claims Office\n    1,459,335.96\n    660,759.21\n    \n    798,576.75\n  \n  \n    Supplies, Trade & Industry Department\n    643,754\n    600,734.27\n    \n    43,019.73\n  \n  \n    Custodian of Property\n    -92,980\n    148,637.48\n    241,617.48\n    \n  \n  \n    Public Relations Office\n    -267,741.59\n    444,377.75\n    712,119.34\n    \n  \n  \n    Prisons Department\n    36,980.27\n    -25,639.48\n    \n    62,619.75\n  \n  \n    Public Debt\n    -647,932.14\n    -55,146.94\n    592,785.20\n    \n  \n  \n    Royal Observatory\n    5,975,862.93\n    310,331.65\n    \n    5,665,531.28\n  \n  \n    Total Revenue including Balance\n    174,588,469.49\n    \n    \n    \n  \n\n## EXPENDITURE\n\n  \n    HEAD OF SERVICE\n    Estimated\n    Actual\n    More than Estimated\n    Less than Estimated\n  \n  \n    TOTAL (ORDINARY)\n    109,839,750\n    164,298,310.48\n    54,458,560.48\n    \n  \n\nPage 4\n\n## OTHER RECEIPTS\n\n  \n    HEAD OF SERVICE\n    Actual\n  \n  \n    Advances\n    46,278,238.09\n  \n  \n    Levies on incoming and outgoing of Loan\n    48,560,490.15\n  \n  \n    Deposits\n    1,039,349.97\n  \n  \n    Improstu\n    1,320.53\n  \n  \n    Investment Adjustment a/c\n    154,432,000\n  \n  \n    Joint Colonial Fund\n    910,000\n  \n  \n    Loans to Local Bodies\n    3,316,491.41\n  \n  \n    Remittances-Cash between Chests\n    327,609,858.57\n  \n  \n    Suspense Account\n    8,710,361.83\n  \n  \n    Note Security Fund\n    3,700,000\n  \n  \n    Note Security Fund-Current a/c\n    1,756,987.16\n  \n  \n    Subsidiary Note-Security Fund\n    649,000\n  \n  \n    Subsidiary Note-Current a/c\n    106,137.87\n  \n  \n    Nickel Coinage-Sterling Investment\n    79,399.60\n  \n  \n    Nickel Coinage-Security Fund\n    92,448.80\n  \n  \n    4% Conversion Loan Sinking Fund\n    281,577.33\n  \n  \n    4% Conversion Loan Sinking Fund-Sterling Investment\n    30\n  \n  \n    Jubilee Note-Security Fund\n    100\n  \n  \n    Jubilee Note-Current a/c\n    30\n  \n  \n    Chinese Public Dispensaries\n    3,120,970.40\n  \n  \n    District Watchmen\n    13,155\n  \n  \n    District Watchmen-Hong Kong Government Loan\n    170\n  \n  \n    Passage Money\n    151,498\n  \n  \n    Banking & Insurance Cos.\n    \n  \n  \n    Education Scholarships Fund\n    432,065\n  \n  \n    Education Scholarships Fund-Investment & Fixed Deposits\n    2,403,859.86\n  \n  \n    Grant Schools Provident Fund\n    1,689,000\n  \n  \n    Grant Schools Provident Fund-Sterling Investment\n    400,000\n  \n  \n    Grant Schools Building Depreciation Fund\n    3,034,175\n  \n  \n    Grant Schools Building Depreciation Fund-Sterling Investment\n    1,689,000\n  \n  \n    Supreme Court-Official Administrator etc.\n    64,530,628\n  \n  \n    Supreme Court-Current a/c & Fixed Deposits\n    3,745.86\n  \n  \n    Fixed Deposits\n    1,088,585,273.30\n  \n  \n    Rehabilitation Loan\n    \n  \n  \n    General Revenue Balance\n    \n  \n  \n    Tylenoe\n    \n  \n\nPage 5\n\n## OTHER PAYMENTS\n\n  \n    HEAD OF SERVICE\n    Actual\n  \n  \n    Advances\n    23,187,404.67\n  \n  \n    Deposits\n    55,063,515.83\n  \n  \n    Improstu\n    949,388.88\n  \n  \n    Investment Adjustment a/c\n    177,744,000\n  \n  \n    Joint Colonial Fund\n    130,000\n  \n  \n    Loans to Local Bodies\n    3,316,491.41\n  \n  \n    Remittances-Cash between Chests\n    327,609,858.57\n  \n  \n    Suspense Account\n    \n  \n  \n    Note Security Fund\n    3,700,000\n  \n  \n    Note Security Fund-Current a/c\n    8,310,361.83\n  \n  \n    Subsidiary Note-Security Fund\n    \n  \n  \n    Subsidiary Note-Current a/c\n    14,855.53\n  \n  \n    Nickel Coinage-Investments & Current a/c\n    2,501.20\n  \n  \n    Nickel Coinage-Security Fund\n    136,842.87\n  \n  \n    4% Conversion Loan Sinking Fund\n    402,205\n  \n  \n    4% Conversion Loan Sinking Fund-Sterling Investment\n    2,403,859.86\n  \n  \n    Chinese Public Dispensaries\n    \n  \n  \n    District Watchmen\n    \n  \n  \n    District Watchmen-Hong Kong Government Loan\n    13,035\n  \n  \n    Passage Money-Hong Kong Government Loan\n    299,047.42\n  \n  \n    Banking & Insurance Cos.-Sterling Investment\n    2,403,859.86\n  \n  \n    Education Scholarships Fund\n    \n  \n  \n    Education Scholarships Fund-Hong Kong Government Loan\n    3,120,970.40\n  \n  \n    Grant Schools Provident Fund\n    125,724\n  \n  \n    Grant Schools Provident Fund-Sterling Investment\n    64,000\n  \n  \n    Grant Schools Building Depreciation Fund\n    66,173\n  \n  \n    Grant Schools Building Depreciation Fund-Sterling Investment\n    \n  \n  \n    Supreme Court-Official Administrator etc.\n    \n  \n  \n    Supreme Court-Current a/c & Fixed Deposits\n    \n  \n  \n    Fixed Deposits\n    \n  \n  \n    Overprinted Note Security Fund\n    \n  \n  \n    Rehabilitation Loan\n    \n  \n  \n    General Revenue Balance\n    64,530,628.02\n  \n  \n    Tylenoe\n    24,020.86\n  \n\nThe Treasury, Hong Kong, 6 October 1948\n\nExamined. M. Tummy. Director of Audit. 10th May, 1949.\n\nPage 363",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-605-2 Annual Accounts- 1947-8 22-7-1949 - 20-9-1949.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 597071,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-623-9 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1952 1-2-1951 - 30-11-1951",
        "page_number": 102,
        "title": "CO129-623-9 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1952 1-2-1951 - 30-11-1951",
        "content_text": "Head 30-PUBLIC WORKS NON-RECURRENT\n\nHead 30-PUBLIC WORKS NON-RECURRENT\n\nCivil Aviation Department.\n\n2 Radio and weather station Waglan\n\nCommerce and Industry Department.\n\nSub-heads\n\n  \n    Sub-heads\n    Estimate\n    Actual\n    Revised estimate\n    Approved estimate\n    Revised estimate\n    Approved estimate\n  \n  \n    \n    1949-50\n    \n    1950-51\n    1950-51\n    1951/52\n    \n  \n  \n    Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry Department\n    $\n    $\n    $\n    $\n    $\n    $\n  \n  \n    Public Works Department\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1 New offices\n    \n    \n    30,875\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    3 Sheung Shui quarters\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    50,000\n    164,250\n  \n  \n    30 Star Ferry piers\n    \n    \n    23,875\n    7,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    35 Traffic lights\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    36 Water mains\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    37 Water meters\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    38 Waterworks workshop\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Alterations to Tonnochy Road pier\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Fanling water supply\n    \n    20,522\n    360,000\n    388,695\n    460,000\n    \n  \n  \n    Filters and chlorination plant\n    \n    30,603\n    44,000\n    41,472\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Hung Hom reclamation scheme\n    \n    \n    1,000,000\n    3,490,000\n    566,653\n    \n  \n  \n    Kai Tak airport\n    9,000,000\n    2,000,000\n    100,000\n    100,000\n    7,500,000\n    1,500,000\n  \n  \n    Caroline Hill garage storeroom\n    \n    \n    250,000\n    871,000\n    77,000\n    300,000\n  \n  \n    \n    1,000,000\n    200,000\n    80,000\n    80,000\n    80,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    339\n    \n    150,000\n    150,000\n  \n  \n    \n    1,000\n    \n    2,600,000\n    4,020,000\n    2,052,815\n    2,020,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1,862,096\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Education Department\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    4 New schools and buildings\n    \n    \n    \n    1,471,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    4A Queen's College\n    \n    \n    \n    982,632\n    402,195\n    \n  \n  \n    Ho Tung Girls' school\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    1,700,000\n  \n  \n    La Salle College, temporary structures.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    1,649,000\n  \n  \n    Workers schools\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    50,000\n    \n  \n  \n    Extension to King George V school\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    200,000\n    \n  \n  \n    Fire Brigade\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    5 Fire station, Kowloon\n    \n    \n    \n    1,500,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    6 Fire station, Tsun Wan\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Medical Department\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    7 Kowloon hospital wards\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    1,060,000\n  \n  \n    8 Tuberculosis clinics\n    \n    \n    \n    896,580\n    \n    2,000,000\n  \n  \n    Alterations to Queen Mary hospital\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    920,157\n    \n  \n  \n    Alterations to Lai Chi Kok hospital\n    \n    \n    \n    200,000\n    208,988\n    \n  \n  \n    Kowloon hospital quarters\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    6,380\n    \n  \n  \n    Police Force\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Causeway Bay road widening\n    \n    \n    135,000\n    135,000\n    44,300\n    60,500\n  \n  \n    Replacement of boundary stones\n    \n    \n    30,000\n    18,732\n    3,147\n    \n  \n  \n    Black's Link quarters\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    770,000\n    \n    633,808\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    9 Chatham Road camp\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Fo Pang Valley storm-water drain\n    \n    \n    \n    172,075\n    \n    500,000\n  \n  \n    Mount Kellet Road widening\n    \n    \n    58,298\n    \n    \n    200,000\n  \n  \n    39 Typhoon signal stations\n    \n    \n    1,000,000\n    2,000,000\n    30,000\n    500,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    2,000,000\n    30,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    296,700\n    309,250\n    100,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    411,995\n    \n    15,000\n    72,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1,600,000\n    \n    230,000\n    181,925\n    15,000\n    10,557\n  \n  \n    \n    72,000\n    \n    72,000\n    \n    600,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    309,250\n    \n    230,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Royal Observatory\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Sanitary Department\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    40 Kennedy Town abattoir\n    \n    \n    20,000\n    5,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    41 Light construction markets\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    42 Offices and quarters\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Inspectors for Health\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    43 Public latrines\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    44 Wo Hop Shek cemetery\n    \n    \n    7,740,000\n    14,480,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Bathing beach pavilions\n    \n    \n    379,000\n    1,000,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Lethal Chamber for animals\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    254,000\n    \n  \n  \n    Ma Tau Kok slaughterhouse\n    \n    \n    570,000\n    450,000\n    1,750,000\n    \n  \n  \n    Refuse boat stations\n    \n    \n    97,645\n    150,000\n    130,000\n    20,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    76,030\n    140,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Stores Department\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    45 Extension to Government Stores\n    \n    \n    90,000\n    \n    162,614\n    \n  \n  \n    46 Furniture workshop\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    500,000\n    663,825\n    282,000\n    \n  \n  \n    Miscellaneous\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    47 Albany quarters\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    48 Central Government offices\n    \n    \n    700,000\n    3,000\n    1,183\n    170,000\n  \n  \n    49 Chief Justice's residence\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    124,077\n    \n  \n  \n    50 City hall\n    \n    \n    270,000\n    800,000\n    153,491\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    204\n    \n    1,835\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    60,000\n    10,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    102,500\n    80,682\n    \n    250,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    37,000\n    43,692\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    224,896\n    \n    10,945\n    10,945\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    5,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    100,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    480,000\n    379,000\n    113,000\n    200,000\n  \n  \n    10 Police quarters\n    1,600,000\n    1,256,357\n    \n    7,000,000\n    8,982,074\n    400,000\n  \n  \n    11 Sha Tau Kok blockhouse\n    \n    \n    \n    500,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Sheung Shui police station additions\n    \n    \n    11,000\n    10,150\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Post Office\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1,600,000\n    1,181,357\n    75,000\n    532,074\n    3,000,000\n    2,575,000\n    5,000,000\n  \n  \n    12 Alterations to Post Office building\n    \n    \n    400,000\n    \n    500,000\n    9,613\n  \n  \n    13 Sham Shui Po post office\n    \n    \n    700,000\n    1,000,000\n    8,000,000\n    10,000,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    700,000\n    \n    750,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1,000,000\n    1,500,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    350,000\n    450,000\n    23,953\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    450,000\n    \n    350,000\n    19,000\n  \n  \n    Broadcasting studios, Electra House\n    \n    \n    102,000\n    150,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    404,000\n    134,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    100,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    25,000\n    25,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    205,880\n    \n    102,000\n    \n  \n  \n    51 Civil measures for defence\n    \n    \n    4,000,000\n    \n    791,150\n    3,850,000\n  \n  \n    52 Garages for Homestead flats\n    \n    \n    500,000\n    \n    21,375\n    21,375\n  \n  \n    53 Pedestal and fire hydrants\n    \n    \n    50,000\n    \n    50,000\n    \n  \n  \n    Public Works Department.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    54 Salt water mains\n    \n    \n    903,000\n    \n    903,000\n    \n  \n  \n    55 Water storage tanks\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    147,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    147,000\n    \n    50,000\n    1,000,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    100,000\n    \n    1,200,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    250,000\n    \n    850,000\n    \n  \n  \n    14 Au Tau bridge\n    \n    \n    400,000\n    500,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    30 Service reservoirs\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    31 Sewer replacements\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    2,000,000\n    \n    250,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    200,000\n    \n    3,700,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    250,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    15 Blue Pool road\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    16 Boundary Street\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    17 Causeway Bay reclamation scheme\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    18 Central reclamation scheme\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    19 Clear Water Bay road\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    20 Experimental wells in New Territories.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    21 Kai Tak compensation\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    22 Kennedy Road\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    23 New Territories bridges\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    24 North Point sea wall and reclamation scheme\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    25 Pumping plant\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    26 Quarries and road depots\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    27 Replacement of conduit at Shing Mun.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    28 Roads, footpaths, and bridges\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    29 Roads and paths, New Territories\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    32 Side streets\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    33 Stanley water supply\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    5,000,000\n    6,335,000\n    3,182,247\n    2,895,318\n    1,350,000\n    210,000\n  \n  \n    \n    1,800,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1,000,000\n    3,762,000\n    1,736,479\n    2,500,000\n    2,000,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    1,200,000\n    1,100,000\n  \n  \n    56 Wiring of frontier\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1,000,000\n    1,300,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    57 Works contingent on land sales\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    2,000,000\n    \n    2,566,722\n    2,500,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    2,475,000\n    2,000,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Domestic appliances\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    400,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    250,000\n    250,000\n    250,000\n    250,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    250,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    ∙14,000,000\n    5,000,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Regrading of Queen's Road Central\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    400,000\n    300,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    400,000\n    300,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    80,000\n    \n    53,869\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    7,000\n    \n    \n    488\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    5,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    20,000\n    \n    \n    2,500,000\n  \n  \n    Huts on Murray Parade ground\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    153,000\n    \n    150,191\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    5,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    250,000\n    100,000\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Prison camp\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1,060,000\n    \n    3,000,000\n    \n  \n  \n    Additional court, Supreme Court\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    450,000\n    815,000\n    290,037\n    500,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    66,891\n    \n  \n  \n    Marine licensing stations\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    330,000\n    \n    850,000\n    1,513,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    663,090\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    500,000\n    250,000\n    1,060,000\n    640,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1,000,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    75,000\n    450,000\n    350,000\n    200,000\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    230,000\n    \n    850,000\n    \n  \n  \n    Hong Kong Defence Force headquarters.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    1,000,000\n    1,900,000\n    100,000\n    131,614\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    200,000\n    \n    447,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    500,000\n    \n    5,000,000\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    130,000\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Total Public Works Non-Recurrent...\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    90,530\n    1,800,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    123,595\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    53,451\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    118,592\n    \n    16,536,131\n    29,184,563\n    20,591,398\n    34,226,437\n  \n  \n    \n    159,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    50,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    100,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    730,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1,20,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    25,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    300,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    220,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    80,000\n    \n    720,000\n    \n    \n    65,100\n  \n  \n    \n    250,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    328,000\n    267,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    10,000\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nPage 138",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-623-9 Estimates of Expenditure- includes a report for the year ending March 1952 1-2-1951 - 30-11-1951.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 598407,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-625-9 Kuomintang activities 1-11-1951 - 31-1-1952",
        "page_number": 12,
        "title": "CO129-625-9 Kuomintang activities 1-11-1951 - 31-1-1952",
        "content_text": "(FC1027/237)\n\n12\n\n13, Observatory Road, 3rd Floor, Hongkong, November 19th, 1951.\n\nThe Rt. Hon. Mr. Anthony Eden, M.P., Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,\n\nForeign Office,\n\nLondon.\n\nDear Mr. Eden:\n\nOn your resumption of H.M. Secretaryship for Foreign Affairs, may we, as university professors, offer our congratulations. Under your able leadership, we believe you will do much for Great Britain and for improvement of relations between your country and Free China.\n\nIn this connexion may we point out that there is no benefit whatever in recognizing the Peiping regime by the Labour Government. All indications point to the downfall of Communist rule in China as it is based on mass murders and wholesale plunders. No government in the world can exist for long in pursuing such a bloody and depraved policy.\n\nWe are very glad to note your address in San Francisco in August about the rise of new leadership in South China to replace the present atrocious and murderous rulers. We assume your idea of a new leadership in South China implies the administration by enlightened and efficient officials having the confidence of the people. It is such an administration the United Kingdom should cooperate with; we hope your Government will show out its moral support for such a leadership. It is necessary for free Chinese to know where their British friends stand. At present many Chinese are in a labyrinth as regards Sino-British relations.\n\nAnother pressing problem concerns the many Chinese refugees in Hongkong. There are almost half a million refugees here, presenting a grave situation for the local authorities. To ease the situation, may we suggest that the refugees should be emigrated to other British Colonies such as Borneo where manpower is needed for new developments. Such an emigration is not only humanitarian but serves a good purpose to other places in need of workers for many projects.\n\nThese people are ready and willing to eke out a very simple living anywhere away from Communist China. Now, many are loafing here, while cases of suicide are frequent.\n\nWe trust our suggestions will have your serious consideration. In writing you this letter we are prompted entirely by a strong desire to improve Anglo-Chinese relations and shall be pleased to have your views.\n\nYours respectfully,\n\n(signed) H. C. Liang,\n\nEx-chairman of Board of Directors, Shanghai University, Chungking; Ex-member of Board of Directors, Great China University, Shanghai; Ex-professor, Kuo Min University, Canton.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-625-9 Kuomintang activities 1-11-1951 - 31-1-1952.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    }
]