[
    {
        "id": 255451,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-090 - Public Offices & Others - 1862",
        "page_number": 163,
        "title": "CO129-090 - Public Offices & Others - 1862",
        "content_text": "## Letter to Adv. S 11 June\n\n### REGELYS 30 MAY 1862\n\nSir,\n\nOn my arrival here this day from Matlock Baths, I find, awaiting me, a letter from the Colonial Office dated the 23rd Instant, informing me that the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have, on account preferred a claim for the sum of Thirty-four pounds (£34) on account of my passage from Hongkong to Southampton in March 1861, and requesting information in the premises.\n\nI have to state that by direction of the then Acting Treasurer, I prepaid this amount of £34 into the Colonial Treasury at Hongkong on the 28th of February 1861, before I left the Colony.\n\nC. Portescue. Ego M. P.  \nUnder Secretary of State.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-090 - Public Offices & Others - 1862.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 258869,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-097 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1864 [1-2] & Sir Robinson - 1864 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 405,
        "title": "CO129-097 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1864 [1-2] & Sir Robinson - 1864 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "398\n\nInspectors.\n\nMaterials for making up 1 suit large size.\n\nJunics for Sergeants, Khaki cloth made up 1=273°\n\n#\n\nSizes for 5ft:11in: 100 5ft: 9in: 150. 5ft 8in 125 375 Sergeants Blue cloth with Buff Welt, monter seams\n\nSuits Rank & file, made up in same proportions as sergeants 375\n\nMaterials for making up suits for Sergeants 17th Jan 75\n\nScales Embroidered silver for Inspectors\n\n#\n\nParis\n\nMitts Embroidered silver for Sergeants numbered from 1 to\n\nParis Libo.\n\nSergeants - Do. for Summer Nothing silver. No from. 1 to Libo\n\n1460\n\nSerge. Blue Grey for Summer clothing\n\nTrousers.\n\n1000\n\nArmless. For Water Police\n\n290\n\nMattock In Simplex.\n\n4500\n\nSerge Dark Blue for Trousers.\n\n1500\n\nDo-\n\nLittle - a little better quality for\n\n180\n\nSuits for Europeans.\n\nGreat Coats Oxford Grey\n\n200\n\nButtons MR white metal Serge\n\nGross 6\n\nDozens\n\nSmall 30\n\n#\n\nButtons | Hana Dace for Sergeants.\n\nArmlet Bands\n\nFor men on\n\nGross. 35\n\nWhite Metal\n\nfor\n\nBuck Trousers.\n\n71\n\non duty\n\nDozens 5\n\nYards\n\n25\n\nDozens 3\n\nSibulace 5/8\" in: for Trousers\n\nBranches. Police\n\nFantins Dark Police\n\nSimplex. Same pattern as last supplied...\n\nScabbards for Inspectors\n\n40\n\n3\n\nBelt Slips.\n\nFor\n\nLittle\n\nParis\n\n10\n\nStaurcuffs\n\nFor Fire Engines\n\nbil seals foot.\n\nGallons. 10\n\nHoax frames.\n\nFeet. 150\n\nSarrtery\n\nSaddles and Bridles milk head chain Sight (araly pattin 2\n\n- (way (obs, Brushes, picket points\n\nha!\n\nCaptain Superintendent\n\n8\n\nEX",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-097 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1864 [1-2] & Sir Robinson - 1864 [1-3].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 318532,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-203 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [10]",
        "page_number": 89,
        "title": "CO129-203 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [10]",
        "content_text": "## \nLapy. Matlack from Minutes of Correction Council \ndated 2nd October, 1882 \n\n**Spesenk!** \n\nSt. C. the Administrator (19). S. Marsh, & M. l.p \n\n21 \n\nThe Major General Court) (Major Tour Cedar gent; 0.15, The Ston: The Art baloniabdentary (Z. Stewar \n\nThe Alterung Gun et ornalley) \n\n**Absent.** \n\nThe Stamble I. Mr. Price, (on leave) \n\nThe Administrator lays upon \nthe table **Secretary of State's Despatch** \nNo 167 of 1889. \nand \ncopies of \nThe \n**Correspondence between the Colonial Office and Governor**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-203 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [10].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 324061,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "page_number": 93,
        "title": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "content_text": "Elle emportera, de plein droit, accession à toutes les clauses et admission à tous les avantages stipulés par la présente Convention.\n\nArticle 19 de la Convention.\n\nLes relations télégraphiques avec des Etats non-adhérents ou avec les exploitations privées sont réglées, dans l'intérêt général du développement progressif des communications, par le règlement prévu à l'article 13 de la présente Convention.\n\nLXXX.\n\n1. Dans le cas des adhésions prévues par l'article 18 de la Convention, les Administrations des Etats contractants peuvent refuser le bénéfice de leurs tarifs conventionnels aux Offices qui demanderaient à adhérer, sans conformer eux-mêmes leurs tarifs à ceux des Etats intéressés.\n\n2. Les Offices qui ont, en dehors de l'Europe, des lignes pour lesquelles ils ont adhéré à la Convention, déclarent quel est, du régime européen ou extra-européen, celui qu'ils entendent leur appliquer. Cette déclaration résulte de l'inscription dans les tableaux des taxes ou est notifiée ultérieurement par l'intermédiaire du Bureau international.\n\nLXXXI.\n\n1. Les exploitations télégraphiques privées qui fonctionnent dans les limites d'un ou de plusieurs Etats contractants avec participation au service international, sont considérées, au point de vue de ce service, comme faisant partie intégrante du réseau télégraphique de ces Etats.\n\n2. Les autres exploitations télégraphiques privées sont admises aux avantages stipulés par la Convention et par le présent Règlement, moyennant accession à toutes leurs clauses obligatoires et sur la notification de l'Etat qui a concédé ou autorisé l'exploitation. Cette notification a lieu conformément au second paragraphe de l'article 18 de la Convention.\n\n3. Cette accession doit être imposée aux exploitations qui relient entre eux deux ou plusieurs des Etats contractants, pour autant qu'elles soient engagées par leur contrat de concession à se soumettre, sous ce rapport, aux obligations prescrites par l'Etat qui a accordé la concession.\n\n4. La réserve qui fait l'objet du paragraphe 1er de l'article précédent est applicable aussi aux exploitations susmentionnées.\n\nLXXXII.\n\n1. Lorsque des relations télégraphiques sont ouvertes avec des Etats non-adhérents ou avec des exploitations privées qui n'auraient point accédé aux dispositions obligatoires du présent Règlement, ces dispositions sont invariablement appliquées aux correspondances dans la partie de leur parcours qui emprunte le territoire des Etats contractants ou adhérents.\n\n2. Les Administrations intéressées fixent la taxe applicable à cette partie du parcours. Cette taxe, déterminée dans les limites de l'article XVI, est ajoutée à celle des Offices non participants.\n\nAinsi arrêté à Londres, le 28 Juillet 1879, par les délégués soussignés, conformément aux articles 15 et 16 de la Convention de St-Pétersbourg, pour entrer en vigueur le 1er Avril 1880.\n\nH. C. FISCHER,\n\nChef du bureau central des télégraphes, Département des postes et télégraphes.\n\nP. BENTON,\n\nSous-chef de section, Département des postes et des télégraphes.\n\nJ. GENNADIUS,\n\nChargé d'affaires de Grèce.\n\nJ. U. BATEMAN CHAMPAIN, Lt-Col. R. E. Director in Chief, Indo-Europ. Tel. Dep.\n\nH. A. MALLOCK, MAJOR, B. S. C. Director of Telegraphs in India.\n\nERNEST D'AMICO,\n\nDirecteur général des télégraphiques italiens.\n\nJUGOI YOSHIKAWA AKIMASA,\n\nSecrétaire de première classe au Ministère des Travaux publics, délégué du Japon.\n\nC. NIELSEN,\n\nDirecteur en chef des télégraphes de Norvège.\n\nSTARING,\n\nDirecteur en chef des télégraphes des Pays-Bas.\n\nVALENTIM DO REGO,\n\nDirecteur des télégraphes et des phares du Portugal.\n\nC. F. ROBESOU, Directeur général des postes et télégraphes de Roumanie.\n\nC. DE LÜDERS, Directeur général des télégraphes de Russie.\n\nM. Z RADOYCOVITCH,\n\nChef de section des postes et des télégraphes de Serbie.\n\nD. NORDLANDER, Directeur général des télégraphes de Suède.\n\nA. FREY,\n\nDirecteur des télégraphes suisses.\n\nE. MUSURUS,\n\nConseiller de l'Ambassade impériale ottomane, à Londres.\n\nA. J. GUILDANI, Secrétaire général des télégraphes et postes ottomans.\n\nJULIUS VOGEL, Agent general for New-Zealand.\n\nBUDDE,\n\nR. SCHEFFLER,\n\nDélégués de l'Administration télégraphique d'Allemagne.\n\nBRUNNER-DE WATTEN WYL,\n\nConseiller aulique du Ministère du Commerce de l'Autriche.\n\nCOMTE VICTOR DE WIMPFFEN, Inspecteur général des lignes télégraphiques de l'Autriche.\n\nL. DE KOLLER,\n\nConseiller au Ministère du Commerce de Hongrie.\n\nJ. VINCHENT,\n\nDirecteur général des postes et télégraphes de Belgique.\n\nJOHN GIBBS, Inspecteur chef de service des télégraphes de Belgique.\n\nHÖNCKE,\n\nDirecteur des télégraphes de Danemark.\n\nF. DE OTIN,\n\nPremier Secrétaire de la légation d'Espagne à Londres.\n\nLE MINISTRE DES POSTES ET DES TÉLÉGRAPHES DE FRANCE,\n\nPour le Ministre et par autorisation spéciale: RICHARD.\n\nRICHARD,\n\nDirecteur du Contrôle des postes et télégraphes de France.\n\nESCHBAECHER,\n\nChef de section au Ministère des postes et des télégraphes de France.\n\nC. H. B. PATEY, Secrétaire-adjoint, Département des postes et des télégraphes britanniques.\n\n29\n\n89",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 324070,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "page_number": 102,
        "title": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "content_text": "46\n\nTaxes\n\nTaxon\n\nDésignation des Etats.\n\nterminales\n\nde transit\n\nIndication des correspondances.\n\nObservations.\n\nun\n\neb\n\nfrancs.\n\nfrancs.\n\nRussie (suite).\n\nTaxe uniforme pour la correspondance entre l'Europe et les Indes.\n\nLes taxes des correspondances entre l'Europe (la Turquie et la Russie exceptées) et les Indes sont fixées uniformément aux chiffres ci-après :\n\nTaxes de transit:\n\n1° Entre les frontières européennes pour toutes les correspondances\n\n2° Entre les frontières européennes, d'une part, et les frontières de la Perse et de la Turquie d'Asie, d'autre part,\n\npour les correspondances échangées avec:\n\na) les Indes\n\nb) les pays au-delà des Indes\n\n  \n    \n    Francs.\n    Frados-\n  \n  \n    a) Par la voie de Turquie\n    5.10\n    1.705\n  \n  \n    b) Par la voie de Russie\n    5.60\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    5.35\n    1.18\n  \n  \n    3° Entre les mêmes frontières pour toutes les autres correspondances\n    0.70\n    \n  \n  \n    4° Entre la frontière de la Turquie d'Asie et celle de la Perse, pour les correspondances échangées avec les Indes et les pays au-delà des Indes.\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    5° Entre les mêmes frontières pour les autres correspondances\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    6° Entre Wladiwostock et toutes les autres frontières\n    \n    \n  \n\nTaxe de la Compagnie Black Sea Telegraph:\n\nPour toutes les correspondances.\n\nVoie de Turquie :\n\nVoie de Russie:\n\npour les correspondances avec:\n\n  \n    \n    Turquie\n    Golfe persique\n    Indes\n    les Indes.\n    des Indes.\n  \n  \n    Europe.\n    \n    0.45\n    \n    0.825\n    \n  \n  \n    Europe\n    3.00\n    \n    \n    1.525\n    1.035\n  \n  \n    Russie\n    \n    \n    \n    2.10\n    1.39\n  \n  \n    Perse\n    \n    \n    0.65\n    0.75\n    \n  \n  \n    Golfe persique\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Indes\n    \n    \n    \n    5.10\n    4.\n  \n\nSerbie.\n\nPour toutes les correspondances\n\nSuède.\n\nPour toutes les correspondances\n\nSuisse.\n\nPour toutes les correspondances\n\nTurquie.\n\nTaxes terminales :\n\n1° A partir des frontières européennes, pour toutes les correspondances échangées:\n\na) avec la Turquie d'Europe\n\nb) id. d'Asie (ports de mer)\n\nc) id. id. (intérieur et archipel)\n\n  \n    \n    0.25\n  \n  \n    \n    0.50\n  \n  \n    \n    0.75\n  \n\n2° A partir des frontières de la Turquie d'Asie, sauf le cas prévu sous le No 3°:\n\na) pour la Turquie d'Asie (1re région)\n\nb) id. id. (2e région).\n\nc) id. id. d'Europe et l'archipel de la Turquie d'Asie\n\n  \n    \n    0.50\n  \n  \n    \n    0.75\n  \n  \n    \n    1.00\n  \n\n3° A partir de la frontière de Rhodes pour les correspondances de l'ile de Rhodes\n\nTaxes de transit:\n\n1° Entre les frontières européennes.\n\n2° Entre les frontières de la Turquie d'Asie\n\n3° Entre les frontières de la Turquie d'Europe et celles de la Turquie d'Asie:\n\na) pour les correspondances des Indes\n\n  \n    \n    0.15\n  \n  \n    \n    0.25\n  \n  \n    \n    0.75\n  \n\n47\n\n  \n    pour les correspondances avec:\n    les Indes.\n    les pays au-delà des Indes.\n    des Indes.\n  \n  \n    \n    0.525\n    1.705\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1.18\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1.07\n    0.705\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1.05\n    1.09\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    0.65\n    0.75\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    5.60\n    4.25\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    0.075\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    0.075\n    0.1975\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    0.075\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    0.15\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    0.075\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    T\n    I\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1.525\n    1.085\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    1.00\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    0.075\n    \n    \n  \n\nDans les décomptes avec les Offices limitrophes, les Etats européens prélèvent ou reçoivent exactement les taxes qui leur sont attribuées par le tableau 29, Régime extra-européen. La différence en plus ou en moins qui existerait entre la somme affectée à cette répartition et le chiffre indiqué ci-dessus comme formant la taxe générale de l'Europe, est mise au compte des Offices extra-européens.\n\nAinsi arrêté à Londres, le 28 Juillet 1879, par les délégués soussignés, conformément aux articles 15 et 16 de la Convention de St-Pétersbourg, pour entrer en vigueur le 1er Avril 1880.\n\nBUDDE.\n\nR. SCHEFFLER.\n\nBRUNNER,\n\nWIMPFFEN.\n\nKOLLER.\n\nJ. VINCHENT.\n\nJOHN GIBBS.\n\nHÖNCKE.\n\nF. DE OTIN.\n\nLE MINISTRE DES POSTES ET DES TÉLÉGRAPHES DE FRANCE.\n\nPour le Ministre et par autorisation spéciale: RICHARD.\n\nRICHARD, délégué.\n\nESCHBAECHER.\n\nC. H. B. PATEY,\n\nHL. C. FISCHER.\n\nP. BENTON.\n\nI. GENNADIUS.\n\nJ. U. BATEMAN CHAMPAIN, L-COL. R. E.\n\nH. A. MALLOCK, MAJOR, B. S. C.\n\nE. D'AMICO.\n\nJUGOI YOSHIKAWA AKIMASA.\n\nNIELSEN.\n\nSTARING.\n\nVALENTIM DO REGO.\n\nC. F. ROBESCU.\n\nC. DE LÜDERS.\n\nM. Z. RADOYCOVITCH.\n\nD. NORDLANDER,\n\nA. FREY,\n\nE. MUSURUS.\n\nA. J. GUILDANI\n\nJULIUS VOGEL.\n\n98",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883.txt",
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    {
        "id": 421841,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 630,
        "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "# 3. The Fruits of Manchuria.\n\nThe only fruits grown in Manchuria of any importance are the hard pears and red grapes that are produced in quantity around Kwang-ning. The quality of the grapes is good, being quite similar to the wine grapes of California—to the European taste, however, not in any way equal to the Concord, Catawba, and Delaware grapes of the States. The pears are hardy, growing much farther north than pears are found in America, but the quality is much inferior to the American \"Bartlett\" or \"Anjou.\" In the hills about Kirin, and also in South-East Manchuria, wild plums, cherries, and crab apples grow that would undoubtedly give excellent hardy roots for grafting with improved but less hardy types. The lack of a heavy blanket of snow on the soil in the winter and the strong drying winds of spring are undoubtedly great drawbacks to successful fruit culture in Manchuria. There are favoured localities here and there, however, where foreign fruits should do well.\n\n# 4. The Live Stock of Manchuria and Mongolia.\n\nAlmost no live stock is kept by the Manchurian farmer except the mules and ponies used for carting. Swine roam the yards and fields as scavengers, but are rarely, if ever, bred and fed as a part of the farm business. Practically no cattle or sheep are bred in Manchuria, the small number of cows used for dairy purposes to supply foreign demand coming from Mongolia. In Mongolia, however, the grazing of cattle, sheep, and ponies is the only industry of the people, and even here the cattle and sheep industry is not of any great size, for the demand is practically limited to the Russian military, Mahommedans, and the small foreign demand. The Mongolian cattle are bred in the interior at Jar-sar-tu, in the Tai-nan-fu district; Je-lai-tu, south-west of Tsitsihar; and Tu-su-tu, west of Tai-nan-fu.\n\nThe young cattle are grazed over the wide plains, and between the ages of 6 and 8 are driven to market. The largest markets for Mongolian cattle are Hailar, Blagovestchensk, Harbin, Kuan-cheng-tzu, and Ching-cha-tun. About 5,000 cattle are butchered monthly in Harbin, one-third of which are handled by an Australian packing plant and delivered to the Russian military at Vladivostock. The Mahommedans buy and butcher small numbers of cattle in all the important centres of Manchuria. Their methods are crude and rough, and it is impossible to estimate the extent of this demand.\n\n# 5. Agricultural Machinery.\n\nHand labour, assisted by the crudest kind of tools and machines, sows and garners the crops, the amount of horse-power used being small in comparison with methods of agriculture prevalent in the States 100 years ago, and yet greater than that employed to-day in the rice field of Japan. The Manchurian plough resembles the old-fashioned \"corn plough or potato-digger of the States, and the ploughshare made by the native smith costs 2 dol. 50 c. (silver currency) (1 dollar gold); the remaining parts of the plough being home-made or cheaply constructed by the local carpenter. This machine is commonly used to plough the soil, and also for inter-tillage after the crops are growing. In some places a crude machine is used for dropping the seed, but more commonly the seed is dropped by hand. The harvesting is always done by hand with a small blade costing the farmer about 20 cents (silver currency) (7 cents gold). Kaoliang, beans, millet, wheat—in fact, all crops—are cut with this same tool by the most awkward and back-breaking methods conceivable. A few wooden shovels and forks, a steel hatchet, and perhaps an adze or mattock usually complete the outfit. The Manchurian farmer, as a general rule, has no machinery other than those just mentioned, and his cart and rope harnesses.\n\n# 6. Methods of Crop Cultivation.\n\nIn all parts of Manchuria the staple crops, kaoliang, beans, millet, wheat, tobacco, cabbage, turnips, &c., are sown and cultivated by the same method, namely, planting in rows about 18 inches apart, and as the growing season advances the soil is ridged or hilled up against the crop rows with the native plough. Flat cultivation for wheat and millet, or shallow cultivation for such crops as kaoliang, maize, and potatoes, is never practised by the native farmer. Where this universal practice of ridging the land came from no one seems to know, but one can surmise that it is a custom of land tillage practised in the rice-fields of South China, and custom and tradition have established the practice in this northern country. There does not seem to be any theoretical or practical justification for this method of cropping the soil, and it appears illogical, awkward, and unnecessary. Many reasons are advanced by the Chinese for this custom, chief among which are the following: That when the land is ridged the soil on one side of the ridge may absorb the sun's rays in the morning, and on the other side in the afternoon; that ridge cultivation is necessary to keep the roots of the crops above standing water; that this plan of cropping is necessary to keep out the woods; that when wheat is sown in rows the wind cannot lodge it; and that the continual placing of fresh soil on the ridges gives more fertility to the growing crop.\n\nIn the absence of accurate experimental data, it is useless to try and discuss these theories with logical pro and con evidence at this writing. Some of the theories advanced are self-evidently fallacious, and it is doubtful if anything is gained by the practice, and highly probable that much is lost. Thorough and even mechanical stirring of the soil with a good plough should put the soil in an absorptive condition for rain water, and provide a more favourable habitat for seeds than the seed-beds provided under the present system.\n\nPloughing is universally done in the spring-time immediately or conjointly with planting, and the seed-beds are left loose and open before the season of sand-storms begins. Throughout the growing season the native farmer runs his plough between the crop rows and throws the soil about the crop roots, until at harvest-time the ridges about the roots are 8 to 10 inches above the bottom of the intermediate furrow. All the crops when cut by hand tools are shocked in the field and later stacked about the clay floor that is used for threshing the grain. The native farmer builds a beautiful rain-proof stack, and one often sees \"ricks\" or stacks of kaoliang, millet, or beans 20 feet high. Threshing is done with flails and with stone rollers drawn over the grain by ponies or oxen, the chaff being separated from the grain by tossing the grain into the air with a wooden shovel. In the native mills, one occasionally sees a rude fanning mill that will remove chaff and dirt from the grain.\n\n# 7. Crop Yields and Prices.\n\nThe figures given herewith are not accurate, nor are they averaged from many sources, but merely the estimates of Chinese farmers and traders picked up at random in North Manchuria. Like every other country, the yield varies between wide limits according to the season, and price with locality and the relations of supply and demand: wheat, 15 to 18 bushels; kaoliang, 30 to 50 bushels; beans, 20 to 25 bushels. At Tie-ling (October 1908) the native mills were paying 1 dol. 15 c. (silver currency) for 82 catties of wheat, or approximately 60 cents (gold) per bushel of 60 lbs., and beans at Kirin were selling for 24 cents (silver currency) per catty, or approximately 75 cents (gold) per bushel of 60 lbs.\n\n# 8. Land Ownership and Size of Farms.\n\nIn Southern Manchuria, freeholding is the common rule and very little tenancy exists. In the northern provinces, the farmers lease their land, usually through an intermediary, from the Manchu Princes, who received large land grants from the Crown in past times. While this land is leased, the method of holding is virtually ownership, the lease being a lease in perpetuity. Tenancy is rare also in the north, freeholding being the common thing. A large landowner was interviewed at Kirin who has about 100 tenants on portions of his land, the average amount being about 20 acres and the rental a stipulated rental of about 5 bushels of beans per acre.\n\nIt is, of course, impossible to estimate the average size of the farms in Manchuria. In the south, the farms probably average from 5 to 15 acres in size, with occasional large holdings of 100 to 200 acres, the larger holdings rarely being managed by one man but leased out in small tracts to labourers. North of Kuan-cheng-tzu, the population is more sparse than in South Manchuria, and one often sees fields of kaoliang and beans 20 to 40 acres in size.\n\n# 9. Farm Labour.\n\nNative labour is often employed in South Manchuria for 30 to 40 dollars (silver currency) per year with board (12 to 16 dollars gold), and transient labour from Shantung.\n\nPage 630\nPage 631",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 430002,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-374 - Public Offices & Others - 1910",
        "page_number": 194,
        "title": "CO129-374 - Public Offices & Others - 1910",
        "content_text": "1, MATTOCK GARDENS,\n\nEALING, W.\n\nNov. 16. 1910.\n\nThe Right Honble\n\nLewis V. Harcourt, M.P.\n\nColonial Office,\n\nDear Sir,\n\nI have the honour to forward to you herewith the copy of a letter which I have addressed to The Prime Minister, together with my...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-374 - Public Offices & Others - 1910.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 482290,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-458 - Public Offices & Others - 1919",
        "page_number": 338,
        "title": "CO129-458 - Public Offices & Others - 1919",
        "content_text": "QUESTIONS.\n\n7. Do you consider her to be professionally qualified to undertake the duties of such an appointment as she now desires?\n\n8. Are you aware of any circumstance tending to disqualify her for such an appointment?\n\n9. The Secretary of State will be glad to receive any information which you may have to give respecting her character or qualifications in addition to what is contained in the answers to the foregoing questions.\n\n7.\n\n8.\n\n9.\n\nANSWERS.\n\nJunauuland Mis how... qualified in a London Hospital & tras sin hunk luin an am abroad Occupation, Professional Qualifications,&c... Signature. Che Matlock / Mur/ Wiams Camb Address. The Loage f. Abington Date (J 4036-h.) Wt. 18-943. 600. 7/15, Dk\n\nApplication for Employment as Matron or Nurse in the Colonies.\n\n325\n\nForm to be filled up by the Applicant herself, and sent to the Private Secretary to the Secretary of State, Colonial Office, London, by the Colonial Nursing Association.\n\nName in full Elizabeth Colina Maclaren.\n\nDate of Application The March 1919,\n\nAge 17 and Naise P/W. Hospital, Belmont Surrey.\n\nFather's Name Colin Maclaren (Deceased)\n\nProfession or Occupation State Planters Owen of Business\n\nAddress...\n\nIf dead, his Name and Profession\n\nDate and year of birth 24 December. 1882\n\nPlace of birth West Dundas 8th Comrie Perthshire\n\nAge last birthday Comrie Perthshire Scotland\n\nWhether single, married, or a widow Single.\n\nNumber of children ... Sons Daughters\n\nEducation Mention the Schools or Colleges at which you received your education, professional as well as general; and give in each case the date of entry and leaving.\n\nComrie Public School. 1897-1901\n\nMorrisons Academy Crieff - 1901-1903\n\nProfessional qualifications, and the date and place at which each obtained\n\nStobhill General Hospital Glasgow 1904-1907.\n\nLondon 1907. 1908 Feb.\n\nC.M.B. Edinburgh Simpson Memorial. May 1916\n\nEmployment State the various positions which you have held since the completion of your education to the present time, giving in each case the dates between which you held the position, and what salary you were receiving.\n\n1907-1908 Fever Hospital booking for London Stay there from March 1908-1908 Mark Charing Cross Hospital as Art Student for massage at suggestion of wedding 1908-1909\n\nEwati Nursing Nik Danby Home Fathulling & Co. 1909-1911\n\nMaternity Nursing till mother died March 1916.\n\nSummer Term Edinburgh 1916-1916\n\nAppointment desired\n\nIf you do not apply for a particular appointment, you should state to what Colony you would go, and what is the lowest salary that you would accept.\n\n|& L (2506)—10481 – 500-7-3\n\n(J. 6.)\n\nSimpson Memorial\n\nWent home to Clisson of your trumited & glose hippope. Rock Hospital Hatton La (Sasha May 1917. July 1917.\n\n(Sister in charge Red Cross Hospital. Clendon Somerset & hulk.\n\nHong Kong Civil Hospital\n\n(TURN OVER,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-458 - Public Offices & Others - 1919.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 491454,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921",
        "page_number": 448,
        "title": "CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921",
        "content_text": "MINUTES.\n\nON THIS SIDE. MINUTES NOT TO BE WRITTEN\n\nRy. No.\n\nCarlagh South Darley\n\nRECEIVED\n\n4 NOV 1921\n\n5323320L OFFICE\n\nNov. 3.92\n\nUnder Secretary Colonial\n\nof State\n\nDear Sir,\n\nThank you for yours of yesterday's date and reply thereto. Enclosed is a letter which I received from the Matlock District Sub. Committee\n\nYours faithfully,\n\nJohn\n\n442",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 491455,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921",
        "page_number": 449,
        "title": "CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921",
        "content_text": "443\n\nDERBYSHIRE LOCAL COMMITTEE,\n\nMatlock Sub-Committee,\n\n15th October, 1921.\n\nCOPY 45436\n\nMr. J.W. Wilson,\n\nc/o Mrs Marshall,\n\nOakleigh,\n\nSouth Darley.\n\nDear Sir,\n\nWith reference to your recent enquiry relative to the procedure necessary for you to obtain a pension for the disability which you contend has been aggravated by your Military Service, I am instructed to inform you that as you did not enter the theatre of war, your claim must go through the Colonial Office, and I would suggest that you communicate with them.\n\nYours faithfully,\n\n(Sgd) J.C. CLARKLEY.\n\nfor Secy.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-473 - Individuals - 1921.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    }
]