[
    {
        "id": 216894,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-002 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "page_number": 102,
        "title": "CO129-002 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843",
        "content_text": "Victoria, Hongtong, \n\nSir Henry Pollinger, \n\nJuly. \n\n5 Inclosures. \n\nReceived \n\nofficer's Report of the \n\nHongkong, and the Land- \n\nregarding the defences of \n\nForwarding Correspondence \n\nI then Island. \n\nNorthern face of \n\nalia. \n\nWithal the sure \n\nto difer \n\nbegantung band, wird be \n\nthis, in fences it clater \n\nWith bureaus driving it the the building \n\nportion, my extent of forers, and Gelande \n\nན་ཆབ་གཟཆས་ནང \n\nshold in collected for tal \n\nthe Schich. E \n\nExteras Honghong 24 din \n\nThe Land Denge Comm \n\nForwarded by OCTA \n\nMiStephen 9 \n\nfight. \n\nGruttemen \n\nWith reference tony, \n\nlitter of this distant Sam directed (dord Stanley 6 Edorostanley to transmit to you \n\nLevent \n\nfor such observations \n\nas magang geat themselves \n\nthe subject; \n\nStephen The Lenvez \n\ntwhich disk W Potinger alluse in ther \n\nColl \n\nمجھے \n\nDespatch was delivered in of the further despatch Malcolm bulbing on frombie &t Potanger, he farm of a large Chart, two together with a report arge \n\nto be forwarded & the Post, \n\nto was not heat down word from the Laced Officer, Stanley. It could be found relative to the granti This Lordship (the Rail sond \n\ndoid \n\nshould he desire its, but there of land which have is no other they insistence, abready taken place in \n\nAt 20 \n\nThis dissable that actory Puld be latter office Chark, Sile Ids not want it sank down them \n\ning. The cofy will he \n\nthe duni \n\ncông không. \n\nShave \n\nThe delayin sending off thing \n\nletter wifft \n\nccasioned by this \n\nreterived. Dons Stai \n\npafans being retireme",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-002 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 241640,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-063 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [4-7]",
        "page_number": 66,
        "title": "CO129-063 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [4-7]",
        "content_text": "(Popp.) \"N376.\n\n64\n\n73\n\nThe Hongkong Register.\n\nSHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.\n\nARRIVED.\n\nMERCHANT VESSELS-Continued.\n\nDate of Tons\n\n[No. 17-APRIL 28, 1857.\n\nMERCHANT VESSELS Continued.\n\nDate of Tear\n\nArrival\n\nCONSIGNEES\n\nCONSTONBES\n\nArzirei\n\nFuhchau\n\nAT\n\nDATH\n\nNAWA\n\nPLATON CAPTAI FROM\n\nSAILEY CARSO\n\nCONSIGNES\n\nAmerican\n\nMacao\n\nKimrod, barque\n\nApril\n\n450. Heard and Co\n\nHongkong April 19\n\ndesible\n\n20 Laurick\n\n11 M. Str Brit by\n\nCorbett 282 Thotayo\n\nBischo Saatow\n\nApril 19 Sugar\n\n20 Minita\n\n21 Karlion\n\nAm.seh.\n\n300 Sampson\n\n21 E. Elizabethi De ah\n\nBrit.\n\n21 Hellrapout\n\n21 Generi Fame Am. sub.\n\nSimeon Dripuram. sch\n\n21 Vindex.\n\n115 Siration\n\n$30 Crocket\n\n8 Ashley\n\n600 Tongus\n\n179 W3.800\n\n20 Catherine Apear. Brit. b.\n\n728.8midt.\n\n21 Zephyr\n\nBrit. ch. 152 Dring\n\nAn. 8e5 300 Pulpher East Coast April 16 Alum\n\nApril 18 Sugar\n\nApril 190caeral\n\nFahebau April 17\n\nSingapore Mar, 16|llien Fast Coast Apr 18 Sundries\n\nCaloutis Binr. ties Swatow\n\nApril 20/Teas\n\nForma Pulchan *Slap\n\nMar. Bios\n\nJardine, M. & Co A. Heard and Oo W.M.Robluel &Co Jurdins,M, and Co Wm. Pustan and Co\n\nPeriton\n\nNingpo\n\nArtero,\n\nOrlar\n\nBritish\n\nJose Caros Ugarte, ship Nos. Fel. Santiago, barque\n\n589 Order\n\nja. Heard und Co\n\nIan. Stephenson\n\nDent xua Co\n\nGibb, L. and Co\n\nDent and Co\n\nChition\n\nE. H. Green, sleamer Mar. 23 788 Thomas Ilant & Co Sir Juraes, barqué\n\n198 J. J. dos Remation Bassten, harya Khizabeth, brig Nile, brig\n\nOct\n\nOrder\n\nMar.\n\n127 W. Pustan and Co\n\nNov.\n\n20 Order\n\nOusan Bride, brig\n\nOct.\n\nOrder\n\nJan.\n\n647 Lladasy and Co\n\nSalon, barque\n\n¡Nov\n\n600 Under\n\n2% Incrible\n\nII.M. St\n\nCerhitt Macao\n\nEast Coast\n\nPortuguese\n\n23 Bittet\n\nLouisa\n\n|HL..Rg. Beamish! Brit. bk. 274 Vincent\n\n*2N. B. Palmer\n\n32 Dida\n\nNarea\n\nFuera Dent\n\n26 Formora\n\nال با اور زید نام کے\n\nAmey\n\nShanghea\n\n8R. B. Milan\n\nMary\n\nGo Fletcher Brits 436 Kerr\n\n23 Shanghai\n\n23 Coromande!\n\n24 Magallanes\n\n44 Hongkong\n\n25 Calloxide\n\n25 Bittern\n\n26 Clipper\n\n25\n\nVidor\n\n26 Truro\n\n25 A. Apear\n\n26 Karan Loey\n\n26 Coromandel\n\n26 Mura\n\n26 Maveppu\n\n26 Vladex\n\n26 Lily\n\n26 Escort\n\nWoodlark\n\n8l'erfe: ta\n\n13 Borcas\n\n8 Van Bosse\n\nShooting Star\n\n18 Brookaly\n\nAm. B 1400 Low\n\nHam.bk. 450,1yland\n\nBett. str. 760 Roskell H.M.Str\n\nA cvet. H.M.Str\n\nBristr. 450 (Hillson H.M.Str Corbett\n\n.M.Bg\n\nBeamish\n\nlam. 230, Markon ¡Am. ch 986, Palmer Brit, sh. 544 Gandy Brit. al. 694, Duggan iReik bg] 275 Hamon\n\n¡Brit. b. 1 150'Catto H.M.Sc\n\nNarez\n\nDas Ek 877 Vander Brit.Bok. 171 Bolton Brit.sch. 179 Barcham Port. 23%[Rocba\n\n|Ag, lk. 178 schilye i\n\n¡Dut. Lk.\n\nDul. bk. 710 Plageman Am. sh. 400 Bisley A. s. yos Dubein\n\nSingapore April Ilier New York Dec. 7General Liverpool Dee, 24!General Singapore Mar. Rice Calcutta Mar. Rier Amoy April 23 General Macao Dordrecht\n\nGeneral\n\nMauila\n\nMadras\n\nBast Coast April 2 Treasure Bast Coast April 25 Treasure Amay April 29 General Singapors April 5 Rica\n\nBundries Sundries Sundries Samarang Feb. 7 Rive (Manila Feb. 26 Sundries\n\nSingapore Mar Rive London Dec. 16 General Manila Mar. Sundries\n\nBatang\n\nDavia & Lawrence Gibb, L. and Cu Order\n\nA. Heard and Co Tait nad Co Tait and Co Jamieson Ellis Russell and Co Russeli sad Co Order Russell and Co Order\n\nMacao Anioy April 20 General Siam April Bice Singapore Mur, 27Risu Shanghae April 16 General Macno\n\nDent and Co\n\nRussell and Co Wm. Pustan madCo [P. & V. 8. N. Co\n\nBritish\n\nProu Shan, steamer Ton.\n\n269) Dent, Beale and Co\n\nMat:30\n\nCanton\n\n¡P. & D. S. N. Co\n\n¡April Bamout, schooner\n\nMar. Elizabeth, brig Emma, schossier Forerunner, echoener Mar. Melanie, barque\n\nMar.\n\n120 Dent and Co\n\nDutch\n\n12 William P. and Co 120 Turner and Co\n\nNuerlands Todie, ship (April 3 557Wm.Pustau and Co\n\n140 Jaroine, M. and Co 13A. Heard and Co\n\nDutch\n\nOwler\n\nDiana, schoonet Orentas, barqu\n\nJan. Agrit\n\n190 Schacter and Co 300 Order\n\nGibb, Land Co byall, Still and Co\n\nOrder\n\nDanish\n\nHamburg\n\nElizabeth Ross, brig\n\nPrussian\n\nAmerita, ig\n\nSiamese\n\nFeb,\n\n125jiems and Co\n\n30.\n\n310 Deyer and Co\n\nBaldur, schooner Chien, brig\n\nNov.\n\nJardin, M. and Co Virginis, ship Dent and Co\n\nMar.\n\n141|W. Poston and Co 226siemen and Co |240 W. Pustan and Co\n\nThon. Hans & Co\n\nSiamese\n\nBangkok Mark, ship Kyu Hong Sien, bq. Sea Horve, barque Shanghae\n\nOct.\n\n586 Under\n\n¡Oct,\n\nSept.\n\nOrder\n\n436 Order\n\nGoldfinder, barque l'aragon, ship Swhat, schooner\n\nDea Dec.\n\n300 King and Co\n\nSAILED,\n\nFRAM DATE\n\n.......\n\nHongkong 4411 Plery Croes\n\nNAME\n\nTONS CAPTAIN\n\nFor\n\nCARGO\n\nCONSIGNES\n\nPeruvian\n\nClarita, brig\n\nChitian\n\nGreyhound, ship\n\nSwatow\n\nArrow, brig\n\nBruokaty, ship Egmont, ehip\n\nMar.\n\nFeb.\n\n500 W. P'tau and Co\n\nBrll. str. 450 White\n\n30 Bin\n\n11\n\n2v luftexible\n\nFL.M.BK Beamish\n\nIT.M.Str. Corbett\n\n20 Tazard\n\nBrit.st. 131Hide\n\nCalcutta Macau Maras Amy\n\nSundries Jardine, M. and Co\n\nBritish\n\nFortuguese Tramelge, hargue\n\nApril\n\n375iL. Marques\n\nArrow, ship\n\nApril\n\n252 Birley, W. and Co\n\n20 Ann\n\nBrit, str. 401arris\n\nAmoy\n\nSundries Sunelries\n\nD. W. McKenale & Co R. S. Walker\n\nBmily Aouina, sch.\n\nBlur.\n\n105). Lapaik\n\nGeelong, benque\n\nOct.\n\n3934Order\n\n20 Progressive Age Am. g. 286 Holwea\n\n¡Amoy\n\nSundries\n\nW. M. Robinet and Co\n\nPrall, ship\n\ntar.\n\n282 Linday and Co\n\nzu Ceres\n\nDut. t. 365 M\n\nSiam\n\nSundries\n\nSchaeffer and Cu\n\n20 Cocomandat\n\nH.M.Str Nares\n\nCautou\n\nDanish\n\n21 Loetze\n\nDan.sch. 148 Krosa\n\n26, Tremelga\n\n20 Man on\n\nMas\n\n15: Africaine\n\nAmoy\n\nMar, 18:San Lorenzo\n\nFuhel\n\nApril\n\nAls\n\nLightning\n\n22 Mootriant\n\nInflexible\n\n13 Bittern\n\n23 Iron Prince\n\n28 Wild Dayrell\n\nAlligator\n\n22 Lanrick\n\n29:rrent\n\n24 Konig Willem\n\n95 Cornmandel\n\nvena\n\n25 Block Prince\n\n4:enco\n\nBric. str. 317 Durham\n\nFr. sh. 317.Brun\n\nH.M.Str Corbett\n\n[FE. M. Bgi Bearish\n\nBrit. str. 189 Sharp\n\nBri.ach. 158 McFarlane\n\nBrit. b 187 Sindea\n\nBrit be 289Thoen\n\nAm. h. 1Copp\n\nIIIt. ab, 714 Gezon\n\nH.M.Str NATON\n\nBrit. bg. 207 Suluh Am. 181 Brown Portbk. $76 Marquee Port, sb. 113 Berardino\n\nFr. sb. 385 Lavigne\n\nSp. hg 220 Ansoleaga\n\nBelt-zeh. 100 Dow\n\nBrit. sk. 783 Mackenzie\n\nJeph Fiesebar Brit. sh. 67% Pook\n\nMacas\n\nFornos\n\nSundries W.M. Robinet & Uo Shanghie Bundries Dent and Co Singapore Sundries Gibb, L. and Co Shangban Suedthes Jardine, M.and Co San Francisco Sundries Russell and Co Gutohe Bay Sandries Schaeffer aud Co Kanton\n\nArgy\n\nSingapore Sundries ja. Heard and Ca\n\nShanghae Saudries Marques\n\nmletea Bay Sundries L. J. Guerraz ¡Havana\n\nManila\n\nColonies\n\nShanghar Sundries Calcutta\n\nW. Fuatau and Co\n\nSingapore Macao\n\nSandries Bundrica\n\nGibb, L. and Co\n\nDausaark, burque\n\n¡Mar.\n\nDent and Co\n\nHamburg\n\nCaesar, barque Lima, barque\n\nFeb\n\n208 W. Pustan and Co Mar. 11 318Trautmann and Co\n\n326 Slemesen and Co\n\nAmerican\n\nAntelope, atravier BIL Milan, ship Channing, ship Golden West, ship Horatio, ship Jacos Bell, ship Munny, tarque\n\nDutch\n\nApril 12 281| Russell and Co April 8 400 Buszeil and Co April 3 63 King and Co Ja, 161501 A. Beard and Co\n\n¡Nov. 19 464. M. Bull and Co\n\nMar. 291381 Russell and Co\n\nApril 9 60 Russell and Co\n\nSundrice\n\nSchaeffer and Co\n\nPersian\n\nArchitect, ship\n\nChilian\n\nVan Bae, barque\n\nDanish\n\nApril 71 Dent, Resis & On\n\nDee.\n\n540 W.M.Roblaot & Co\n\nAlianza, barque\n\nFeb.\n\n200 Order\n\nSundries\n\nCider\n\nAmoy\n\nSundrica\n\nF. D. Syine and Co\n\nBritish\n\nSundries\n\nMonerelt, G. & Co\n\nLondon\n\nTeas. e.\n\nUnder\n\nAnn, kamer\n\nApril\n\nLeadon\n\nTeas,\n\nDent and Co\n\nAnu Key, rohoonet\n\nNov. 1\n\n191 Tait and Co\n\nDon Quizola\n\n¡Am, sh 2430]Ela well\n\nNew York\n\nTcas, c.\n\nKing and Co\n\nAugusta, ship\n\nBiar\n\n372Lindasy and Co\n\nPelica\n\nBrit. LE.: 469 ftolwen\n\nLondon\n\nTeas, the\n\n4. C. Sebwabe\n\nBanshee, berque\n\nApril\n\n186 Jardine, M. and Co\n\nShaughne\n\n14.Chilena\n\nBri bk 1 Purdy\n\nLondon\n\nJ'ens, &e\n\nBlankin, R, & Co\n\nBlack R Packet, bq,\n\nAp.11\n\n201 Order\n\nVA Bio Bio\n\nBrit. h. 582 Philpot\n\nLoulo\n\nTeas &o,\n\nSmith, Kennedy and Co Fena, brig\n\nApril\n\n207 Schaeffer and Co\n\nSHIPPING IN CHINA.\n\nMERCHANT VESSELS.\n\nDate of\n\nEsiry\n\nDatu vil\n\nArrival\n\nSHIP\n\nCOHETONAN\n\nHongkong\n\nAmerican\n\nMERCHANT VESSTIA-Continued.\n\nArrival Ton/\n\nEllen, tarque\n\nMar\n\n225ail, Sul and Co\n\nFortuna, brig\n\nNov. 634F.D. Syme and Qu\n\nFreak, brig\n\nApril\n\n244 Base and Co\n\nGazelle, schooner\n\nGet 2\n\n115 Jardine, M. & Co\n\nVESSEL\n\nAr\n\nCLASS\n\nCOMMANDERS.\n\nCOFSIGNERS\n\nHera, schooner\n\nAprit\n\n184.W.McKenzie Co\n\nNina, scicooner\n\nApril\n\n113 Joha Burd and Co Ascen\n\nNymph, barqua\n\nA paris\n\n400 Lindsay and Co\n\nAlligator*\n\nCanton loop H.kong Ships\n\n12 A, W. A, lood\n\nPet, brig\n\nApril\n\n23 Jardine, M. and Co\n\nBitterat\n\nIL.kong Stoop\n\nLient. Beamish\n\nRolla, brig\n\nMar.\n\n166. Fusion & Co\n\nAt Hongkong\n\nBritish\n\nA. Aşar, brig\n\nAlliance, baryse\n\nAustraila, ship Avoca, Larqué Banner, sobooner\n\nCade, steamer\n\nCaribbean, ship\n\nApell 25. 275joinh, L. and Co April 8 677 Lindsay and Co Scp. 580foha Bord and Co\n\nSept. 20 280 D. Lagzik\n\nApr 1s: 133(Jane Burd and Co [àğrüJT 987!P. & O. 5. R. Co\n\nFeb. 23: 874 Jarline, M. and Lo\n\nCashurice Apcar, shir Apis! The Gibb, Ú and Co\n\nhr. 80 750 Agier and Co April 1147) N. Duan sari Co\n\nChapman, ship\n\nChrysolite, ship\n\nEaglet, steamer\n\nEdwin Pos, adip\n\nClay of Carlisle, ship. 15 936 Angier and Co\n\nMar. 1865 Siemesen und Co April 11 89Jardine,M.and Co April 25 450P. & O. S. N. Co Apr121 326 Jardine, M and Co Feb. 28 895 Order\n\nFormces, attemT\n\nHellespont, steamUY Hoar, p James Paton, ship Lancashire, skip Lancashire Witch,ship\n\nLouisa, bargne\n\nMary Wlonbolt, ahip\n\nMazeppa, chogmor\n\nNova, acbonner\n\nNew Margaret, ship\n\nAp:41 15 880John Burd and Co Mar 25 835 Augier and Co\n\nMar. 311387ardine, M. and Co Apeli 23 274 Dent and Co\n\nMar, 291205 Dreyer and Co\n\nApril.26 171Jardine, M. & Co\n\n¡April 19h, L. and Co\n\nApril 12 11 Pletcher and Go\n\nRajsh of Sawak, whip April 1 526 Order\n\nRemi, kt:amer\n\nMar. 25 322 N. Duna and Ca\n\nNobert Passmger, bg. Mar. 13 478 Angier und Co\n\nSuisette, shp\n\nBarab Ley, bargne\n\nShanghai, alcamse\n\nTruro, ship\n\nTabi Cain, brig Vindex, schooner Vision, slip Zephyr, schocaer\n\nPortuguese\n\nLily, steamer\n\nFrench\n\nBenjamin, ship\n\nAmerican\n\nCarbon, achooDIT\n\nCelestial, ship\n\nExcors, barque\n\nGear Peace, sch.\n\nIno, ship\n\nJames Marshall, brig\n\nMar. wschafter and Co\n\nApril 25, 180vall, sull and Co\n\nApril 23,750 P. x 0. 5. N. Co\n\nApril 95 694 heder\n\nApril 17 179 Fohn Burd and Co\n\njaprit 179 Dent and Cu\n\nAp:28 644, L. and Co Apr22 162Dent and C\n\nApr226; 236] Tho. Haut &. Co\n\nApril 7, 500 Vischer Freres\n\nApril) 500 W.M. Eslónot &\n\nApril 25! 886, Davis & Lawrence\n\n115W. Pustan and Co\n\nApril 201 478). Heard and Co\n\nA\n\nApril\n\nau, 1, 16t S. 8. Bartowa\n\nMary Whitridge, ebp Matilda, ship\n\nMeteor abip\n\nStisna, schooner\n\nN. 8. Paliner, chip\n\nJoseph Peabody, ship Feb. 28:1200 A. Heard and Co\n\nApril 8 378 Jas. Stephenson (April 15|| 609 Rosselt and Co\n\nApril 71008A. Heard and Co April 20 9004. Heard and Co || Apr}) 22|1400| Russell and Co Oct. 104 Augler and Co April 191065 House!) and Co April 11937. Heard and Co April 21 2061A. Heard and Co Mar. 251052Jas. Stephenson Mac, 301600 Ruselt and Go\n\nNorth Wind, taip\n\nBeyard, ship\n\nSea Serpent, ship Simeon Drapur, eh. Winged Arrow, ship Wixard, ship\n\nDutch\n\nEva Johanna, ship flur, atque\n\nDurish\n\nMar. 11 700Schaeffer and Co April26 377Order\n\nEstern Snare, barque Apr 10 Drayer and Co\n\nHamburg\n\nCarl von Gruife, brig April 7 900 W. Pusiau and Co Clipper, schonnar April26 820Order\n\nlada, barque\n\nMaca a\n\nBritish\n\nBritish Queen, arque\n\nMonro, ship\n\nSpanish\n\nSoledad, barque\n\nDutch\n\nApril 22 450 Wm.Puatau and Co\n\nBosphoros, barque. April si Schaeffer and Co Comells Smit, barque Mar. 11! 790 Schaeffor and Co Erarding Elizabeth, shApril 800 James Stephenson Mastan, ahip\n\nApril 72schalter and Do\n\nDanish\n\nDannebrog, banque\n\nApril10 322 W., Wardley & C April 2 ascDreyer and o Frederick Wilhelm, bq-star. 231 450 Jabn Burd and Us\n\n835 Blenkin, H. and Co Diana, chip\n\nAuckland, harque\n\nHenry Hurbeck, ship Jan. Progressive Age, brig ápril Sea Nytuph, barqueur. Sauta Lucia, barque\n\nDutch\n\nAdiniral Zoutman, alafpiTao. 2 Borea., bargne April 13 G... Yon Twist, bqda.\n\nJamieson Ellia\n\n896 Order\n\n47chaeler and to\n\nEdw. Koppisch, barque Mar. 27 250 Tais and Co\n\nFuhchau\n\nBritish\n\nCrest of the Wave, bar. 85dditib, L, and Co\n\n60 Hon. Keppel\n\nL Carme\n\nA. J. Villiers\n\n46 'dre. Hon. C. Elliot\n\nHongkong . S. Str. 19\n\nR.-A. Guerin\n\nCilm ALS Capt. Itell\n\nPort Brig 20 Com, Tavares ilc Port.rcba 6 Escarnicha ¡Mano Jorge Juan\n\nSp. Str. 4 Briones Magallanes Hongkong Sp. Sur.\n\nTERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION to the HONGKONG REGISTER and OVERLAND REGISTER AND PRICE CURRENT-For One Year, 123; Six Monthe, 4:3; Three Momune, $8. To the HONGKONG REGISTER -For One Year, $13; Six Months, $; Three Montna, $5. To the OVERLAND RE- GISTER AND PRICE CURRENT done -For One Year, $8; all payable in advance. TERMS OF ADVERTISEMENT la the HONGKONG REGISTER—Advertisemouls, not exceeding & lines\n\ncach inacrtion, $1; each additional line 29 cents, one halt of these charges for Repetitioun. HENTS for the HONGKONG REGISTER and OVERLAND REGISTER AND PRICE CURRENT. J. G. ANTHONY, Esq., London, leesrs. JARDINE, SKINNER & Ca., Caiota; Moears, Reminaron & Co. Bombay W. S. Desca, R., dingapore; Messrs. ToPSON, KOBERTO & Co., Latvia; J. P. Pauer, Eq. San Franciao.\n\nEdited, Prated, and Publisher by ROBERT STRACHIAN, the Honghong Register Office: Gage Street,\n\n\"Victoria, Hongkong, Tuceday, Apeli 26, 1857,\n\nWater Witch, barque\n\nMar.\n\n400 Urder\n\nCalcutta\n\n11.konging Ship\n\n34 W. L. Hall\n\nWhampoa, large\n\nNov. 20\n\n378 Order\n\nCamila Comus\n\nAmoy Brig\n\nCauton Stoop\n\nFrench\n\nCoromandel H.kong P. W. Str. Elk\n\nCuntou Brig\n\n160. T. Colvillo\n\n14. Jenkins\n\n8 5. Douglas\n\n12 Hamilton\n\n800king sed Co\n\nOct. 24 210F.D. Syme and Co\n\nBritish\n\n250 W. M.Robinet & Co Lauriek, brig\n\n240jBobert S. Walker\n\nMax 21222|P,F, Cama and Co\n\nApril18 410 Order\n\nMar. 5767 Captado Lady Mary Wood, str. Aprit | 660 P. & 6. 8, N. Co\n\nApr 28 Jardine, M. and Co Lord of the inleg, ship japril 691 Lindsay and Co Meteor. str Feb. 28 180 Dent, Beale & Co North Star\n\nMar. 28 380 Order Queen of May, barque Feb. 4 814 Jardins, M. & Co Sea Star, ship\n\nMar. 13 591 Bleukin, R. & Co\n\nWil Dayrell, schooner April 158 Dent and Co\n\nRoska, barque\n\nHamburg\n\nBuenos Ayres, brig Haribal, achooner Maithilde, brig Pathfinder, barque Baa, hargne\n\nSiamese\n\nApril 13 383 Wm. Pustan and Co\n\nApril 8 200 Trautmann and Co japril! 142W. Pustan and Co\n\nApr 12 202 Turner and Co Ail13 270W. Pastau and Co Mar. 378Trautman and Co\n\nShooting Star, abip ¡April of Biala. Heard and Co\n\nBRITISH SHIPS OF WAR IN CHINA.\n\nFor\n\nClonial howton's office Victoria, Honghong\n\n98th April, 1857.\n\nAt private letter from the excellery The Governor\n\nto your the special object of\n\nwhich as the letter, states.\n\nwas to avoid the scandal of\n\nریح کر ہو سکے\n\nofficial communication has\n\nThe Honorable\n\nThe Offing formmanding The Groops. Go:\n\nGizcours, ahip\n\nAmerican\n\nApril\n\n538all, Still and Co Encounter\n\nHercules Hongkongt B.kong Steamer Hornet\n\nCanion Ser. Str,\n\n14 G.W.D. Callaghan\n\nH.kong Hoepital\n\nFeb.\n\nW.M.Robinet & Co 740 Order\n\nMioden\n\n296 W.M.Robinet & Co\n\nNurkin\n\net,\n\n400 Lindsay and Co ayal, S\n\nNiger\n\nPigna\n\nand Co\n\nRehorsa\n\nRaleigh\n\nIlamborg\n\nAlbia, schooner\n\nNo7.\n\n280 Order\n\nRiver\n\nBonito, brig\n\nNov.\n\n51) Joha Bard and Co\n\nMary Ross, abip\n\nMar.\n\n404 Miotusen and Co\n\nSiamese\n\nSucess, ship\n\nDec.\n\n500 King and Co\n\nAT\n\nM.AG.\n\nFormosa\n\nBritish\n\nCaprici\n\nHongkong. Felg\n\n40 Kolller\n\nCatinat\n\nMacao\n\nFr. Str\n\nSur Art\n\nMATSAKO\n\nMacao\n\nMr. Str.\n\n1 Tamotte\n\nOrder\n\nFrother, lig\n\nMary H. Midford, ship April\n\nAmerican\n\n5303. F. Edger\n\nApril 210 Order Iron Prine, camet [April\n\n180 W..Robinet &Co\n\nVirginie\n\n¡Macao\n\nFr. Frig.\n\n60 Ph\n\nLevant\n\nis Crulzo\n\n13 mitb\n\nAmerican\n\nForcamonte ja Cruize\n\nJU. 3. Sh,\n\n16 Foote\n\nJan. 14 son Thames Hunt & Co\n\nSau Jucino\n\nMontego\n\nMacao\n\nAmazo\n\nApril31 22. Pusau and Co\n\nInflexible\n\nSampson\n\nH.koug Ser. Str. H.kong P, W. Str.\n\nkong Store Blip. Maca Frigate Canton Sor. Str.\n\nSo Frigate\n\nFubchuu Stop\n\nMaca Frigate\n\nJau Cruice ¡P. W, shu\n\nSC Forbes Canton Ster\n\nStaring Sybile\n\nla Cruize 'Gun Boat\n\nCanton Frygte\n\n4 Lieut. Dent\n\n17 C. C. Forsyth\n\n6 J. Coxbert\n\n4. T. Ellis, Master\n\n5 Hon. Keith Stewart\n\n13 Hon. A. A. Cochrane\n\n40 ir F. W. E. Nicol\n\n14 L. K. Barnard\n\n6. 9. Band\n\nFitting up as an Hospital Ship, to be stationed in the Manned by Celeste.\" Manned by Sybille.\"\" Maned by Nankin.\"\n\nFOREIGN SHIPS OF WAR IN CHINA,\n\nCOMMANDERS.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-063 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [4-7].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 272584,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-128 - Public Offices & Others - 1867",
        "page_number": 142,
        "title": "CO129-128 - Public Offices & Others - 1867",
        "content_text": "## THE LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH\n\n### Aug. 13, 1867\n\nMr. Edward Holdsworth contains, in addition to pro forma invoices and account sales of silk shipped to London, the cost per lb. of China raw and waste silk laid down in London at 58. 6d. to 73. 5d. per tael exchange for raw, and 5s. to 7s. 6d. for waste. The cost per picul of raw silk is calculated in these tables at 200 to 800 taels, and of waste at 5 to 64 taels.\n\nMuch is said in our papers about the losses involved by the Insurance societies during the last year, so that most of them are not able to pay a dividend, whilst some have lost a good part of their capital. It is of too much interest that I should not reproduce what is said about it in a small local paper, because it is worthy to be known generally that during the last year the \"Javasche Zee en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij\" lost its reserve fund and 50,000f. of its capital; the \"Bataviasche Zee en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij\" lost 50,000f. of its capital of 180,000f; the \"Koloniale Zee en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij\" lost its reserve fund; the \"Tweede Koloniale Zee en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij\" (established last year) lost 61,000f.; and the \"Oosterling\" (established last year) 30,760f. of its capital. The very unsatisfactory result of the companies who are represented here is due to the fact that they accept too great risks and insure too large sums upon the several ships.\n\nWe notice that the \"Teping\" was the first of the tea clippers to pass Anjer. She left Foochow on the 3rd June, and passed Anjer on the 21st. The \"Maitland\" sailed two days after her, and the \"Serica\" passed Anjer on the 27th, four days after the \"Maitland\".\n\n### THE CIVIL SERVICE.-Foreign-office\n\nMr. H. B. Bristow has been appointed student interpreter in China or Japan. The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint William Graham Sandford, Esq., now a Third Secretary, to be a Second Secretary in Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service.\n\n### Parliamentary Intelligence\n\n#### HOUSE OF LORDS\n\n##### POSTAL COMMUNICATIONS\n\n(Aug. 9th.) The Duke of MONTROSE: I beg to lay upon the table a postal convention between this country and the United States, under which the postage between the two countries would be reduced from one shilling to sixpence. We hope that, in addition to this reduction, we shall have a more frequent communication with America; and I have little doubt that in a short time we shall arrive at what, perhaps, we never could have expected—a daily communication with the United States. By means of this convention, we shall also be able to reduce very considerably the postage to Canada. The letters to Canada passing through the United States will be reduced from one shilling to eightpence. We shall also have an opportunity of facilitating the communication with the new colony of British Columbia. We shall be enabled to send letters there in a much shorter time than by the present route by the Isthmus of Panama, and at a very much reduced cost.\n\nI think your lordships will consider that these arrangements will be satisfactory to the country at large. I must say that the United States Government have acted with the greatest cordiality and with the greatest anxiety to facilitate all these communications. (Hear.) I am anxious to take this opportunity of making some remarks on the subject of our postal arrangements with India and China. After long consideration of the subject, a committee of your lordships' House recommended the Government to give notice for the termination of the existing contracts for the purpose of having fresh tenders and a more frequent communication with India. It was proposed that we should have a weekly mail to Bombay, and that a mail should proceed by railway from Bombay to Calcutta and Madras.\n\nWe have followed out the recommendations of the committee. We have given notice to terminate the existing contracts, and advertised for tenders for future contracts to run mails from Marseilles to Alexandria, and from Alexandria to Bombay, China, and Australia. But a very curious idea has got into the public mind on the subject, and it has been alluded to in the other House of Parliament, and in many of the newspapers—namely, that in following out the recommendations of the committee, we intended to give up the control of the postal communication with India, and to throw it entirely into the hands of foreign Governments. This is most entirely and gratuitously a mistake. Such an idea never entered into my mind, or into that of any other member of the Government; and the only ground for it could be that in giving notice for tenders, we did not put into them that we would not contract with any foreign Government.\n\nFrom that, people have taken the idea that we were to contract with the Messageries Imperiales and give up the control of the communication by our own vessels. In the committee of the House of Commons, it was suggested that we should avail ourselves of the Messageries Imperiales in several cases, and even that we should throw it into their hands if they offered a cheaper service than our own countrymen. That is wrong, but I do not say that we shall not under some circumstances avail ourselves of that company, and at present, we send some letters on their way to China by their boats. But these are only supplementary arrangements associated with the boats under our own control. To throw everything into the hands of any foreign country would be extremely impolitic, even though in the first instance, it might enable us to perform the service cheaper.\n\n**COMMERCIAL**\n\n### COFFEE\n\nThe market remains in a very good position, because there was more demand for consumption. For Malang coffee of the last sale of the Dutch Trading Company, somewhat higher prices were paid; the quality was very inferior. Of private imports, white, yellow, and brown sorts are very scarce.\n\n| Type | Quantity | Price |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Ordinary to good ordinary greenish, some brownish, ex Kandeish | 800 bags | different prices |\n| Good ordinary greenish, ex Kandeish | 800 bags | different prices |\n\nImported were 8,144 piculs Java, ex Triton; 1,034 piculs, per Eva Johanna; and 2,612 piculs, ex Landbouw.\n\n### SUGAR (RAW)\n\nThe 38,924 baskets Java which were sold by the Dutch Trading Company on the 24th ultimo realised full May prices for brown and yellow sorts, and f. to under them for white quality. For the result of the sale, a very good impression was made upon the demand, which has been very firm since. Of private imports, 8,500 baskets were sold before and after the sale, of which 3,500 per Eva Johanna at full July prices to f. higher.\n\n| Quantity | Price |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2,221 baskets Java, ex Triton | 293f. No. 11, damp and very damp |\n\nThe unsold stock of Java at the Dutch Trading Company was on the 1st inst. 28,825 baskets, against 49,854 in 1866.\n\n### Continental Intelligence\n\n#### HOLLAND\n\n(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)\n\nAbout the new Minister of the Colonial Department, a deep silence prevails now in the press, only the \"Arnhemsche Courant\" said that Mr. Hasselman accepted the portfolio with the condition that again an Indian ground-rent Bill should be brought in Parliament, whilst in this Bill should be stipulated that the right of possession should be granted to the natives. The assertion may more or less be true, but I cannot warrant it. The same paper also told that the Minister of the War Department has the intention to augment the militia with 25,000 soldiers, so that the budget of war will be brought from 13 to 20 millions.\n\n#### TEA\n\nThe market is unaltered; the quotation is for China Congou, Sloe., 175c.; and for Java do., 65c. to 75c., according to the quality.\n\n#### RICE\n\nThe market is very firm; of uncleaned, 1,896 b. Sourabaya, ex Maassluis were sold at Amsterdam at a little above 8f., and here, 2,500 b. Rangoon Floating, per d'Elmina, at 7f., and 1,000 b. at 7§f.\n\n| Shipment | Quantity | Price |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Rangoon per New Brunswick | 10,200 b. | - |\n| Basscin per John Allen | 9,800 b. | - |\n| Landbouw | 3,000 piculs | - |\n| Eva Johanna | 1,000 b. | - |\n\n#### SPICES\n\nFirm; Nutmegs No. 1, 96c.; No. 2, 86c. to 87c.; Mace D, 108c.; Cloves No. 2, 29c.; Java Cinnamon No. 3, 136c., but cannot be bought now under 140c.; the stock is very insignificant.\n\n| Type | Quantity | Price |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Pepper, Sumatra ex Aletta Augusta | 745 b. | different prices |\n\nThe deliveries in July were as follows: 84 casks Nutmegs, 28 do. Mace, 10 b. Cloves, and 24 b. Cinnamon.\n\n#### TOBACCO\n\nOf Java, the following imports took place: per Surat, 240 ...\n\n#### INDIGO\n\nFor Java, there was much demand, some lots good to fine were sold at higher prices; ordinary quality sells very difficult.\n\n#### COTTON\n\nWith some demand for export; 300 b. were sold at 45c. for middling fair, Dhollerah at 46c. to 47c. for fair, and 49c. for good fair.\n\n#### MANUFACTURES\n\nThe market is unaltered, and the quotation is for 6) Madapollans and Calicoes 5f. to £5.10 each; No 28 Warps, 14jd.; No 14, 13d.; No. 80, Cops, 13l.; No. 16 do., 12d.\n\n#### TIN\n\nFor Banca, the market is quiet; the quotation is 53f. to 52½f; Billiton is quoted 52½f. 100 slabs were sold at 58¼f; and 800 slabs at 58¾f.\n\n#### RATTANS\n\n153,460 b. at auction by the Dutch Trading Company, on the 1st inst., were sold as follows:\n\n| Type | Price |\n| --- | --- |\n| Banjermassing | f.5. to f.8.60 |\n| Padang | 6. to 12.70 |\n| Koetie | +4 to 7.20 |\n\n#### MISCELLANEOUS\n\nOf Preserved Ginger, 350 chests China will be offered for sale; the valuation is from 85c. to 90c. Camphor, firm, but quiet. Cassia Lignea, quiet. Cassia Vera: With some transactions at 35c. for ordinary quality. Cassia-oil: 44f.\n\n### RUSSIA, GERMANY, &c.\n\n(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)\n\n#### HAMBURG, Aug. 7\n\nThe endeavours of Mr. August Behn to emancipate the German and other Continental shipowners from the thraldom of the French Bureau Veritas by the establishment of a \"Germanic Lloyd's\"—of which I gave your readers some account a few months ago—have been crowned with the most signal success, and the full concurrence of the shipowners and underwriters in Bremen and Lubeck, in the Baltic ports and in Denmark, Sweden, Price and the company's agents in the East; also a statement of accounts, and Norway.\n\nThe Association has declared itself \"constituted,\" and is in full operation. The central seat is Hamburg, with branches at the principal ports. The following is a list of the directors: August Behn, J. D. H. ELPHINSTONE,? Shipowner, Hamburg, President: F. H. Bitter, Managing Director of the Hamburg Marine Assurance Company of 1866. Vice-President; A. Beel, Managing Director of the Marine Assurance Company of 1859 at Lubeck; F. Harkort, formerly Captain in the Army, Knight of the Iron Cross of Bravery, Hornbrack, near Dortmund; Franz Paetow, Shipowner, Rostock; Fr. Schuler, Shipbuilder, Stettin; and R. Werner, Captain in the Prussian Royal Navy, and Director of the Royal Dockyard at Danzig.\n\nThe report of the Electric and International Telegraph Company, presented on the 7th inst., shows an available balance of £68,995, and recommends a dividend of 5 per cent. for the half-year, or at the rate of 10 per cent. per annum.\n\n### COMMERCIAL\n\nOn the whole, the produce markets have been quiet since last mail, and there is but little to report. Rice firm. Cassia Lignea continues in good demand, at 11 sch. beo. Pepper is more in request, and among the transactions were 1,500 bags of Singapore, at 3 5-16ths sch. bco. The holders of Spelter will not listen to lower offers, and steadily adhere to their demands of 133 marks banco, both for delivery and in loco.\n\n### SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE\n\n#### ARRIVED\n\n* Grossvater, from Java\n\n#### LOADING\n\n* Padel, for Singapore and Penang\n* Isabelita, for Manila\n* Aldebaran and Energie, for Hong Kong\n* Saturnus, for Shanghai\n* Christine, for Nagasaki and Yokohama\n\n### BANK AND MISCELLANEOUS SHARES\n\n| Company | Paid | Price Aug. 9 | Price Aug. 11 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Agra Bank, A shares | All | 26 to 28 | - |\n| Do. B do. | All | 108 to 110 | - |\n| Bank of Egypt | All | 6 | - |\n| Chartered Bank Ind., Aust., & China | All | 26 to 28 | - |\n| City Bank | 10 | 1 to 1¼d. | 1 to 1¼d. |\n| London and County | 15 | 51 to 50 | 54 to 56 |\n| London Joint Stock | 15 | 37 to 39 x.d. | 37 to 39 x.d. |\n| London and Westminster | 20 | 87 to 90x.d. | 89 to 91 x.d. |\n| Oriental Bank Corporation | All | 42 to 43 | 42 to 43 |\n| Union of London | 15 | $9 to 40 | 39 to 40 |\n\n### MISCELLANEOUS\n\n| Company | Paid | Price |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Bombay Gas | All | 14 to 1 |\n| Ceylon Deb., Nov. 1869, 6 per cent. | 100 | 162 to 104 |\n| Do. 1872 | 100 | 108 to 110 |\n| Do. 1878 | 100 | 101 to 103 |\n| Ceylon Company | 20 | 2) to 3d. |\n| China Steamship & Labuan Coal Co. | 10 | 6 to 5 dis. |\n| Credit Foncier & Mobilier of England | 6 | 14 to 4 dis. |\n| Egyptian Com. & Trading Company | 7 | 2 to 2¼ dis. |\n| General Credit & Discount Company | AN | 8 |\n| Hong Kong and China Gas | 10 | 54 to 52 |\n| International Finance Society | 5 | 32 to 5 |\n| Oriental Gas | 10 | 10 |\n| P. and O. Steam Company | All | 50 |\n| Do. New 1866 | All | 48 to 30 |\n| Do. Do. 1867 | 6 | 4 to 2 dis.' |\n| Société Financière d'Egypte | 10 | 7 to 6 dis. |\n| Upper Assam Tea | 10 | 1 to 3 |\n| West India Steam Company | 60 | 128 to 88 |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-128 - Public Offices & Others - 1867.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 288833,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 206,
        "title": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "808\n\nTHE LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH.\n\nmeans we do not know. Why it is so we do not know. It behoves the Government to know whether any persons are engaged in introducing a false lead currency, depreciating the coin it has issued, and making endless trouble and anxiety to the masses of the poor people to take effective measures to protect the value of its currency to terrify forgers and prevent the issue of any currency that will destroy its credit and the value of its coin,\n\nThe province of Bahang was originally a Laotian region. During the wars with the Laos the Siamese conquered this region, and eventually placed over it a Siamese governor. It is now regarded as Siamese territory, and is the extreme limit of Siam proper on the north-west. Rahang on the west joins British Burmah; on the north it joins several Laotian provinces that are again subject to Chienguai. Chiengmai is a Laotian province, and is still governed by Laotian princes. His Majesty the King of Siam usually concurs in appointing the successor of any Chiengmai Laotian prince who may have deceased. Persons who may be obnoxious to the laws of Siam often escape to Chiengmai, and while there the Siamese do not usually succeed in gaining possession of their persons. Is Chiengmai a conquered province? Is it tributary to Siam, and to what extent; or is it simply under the protection of Siam, as was Cambodia? All these are questions full of interest.\n\nIt is said that Messrs. Vrooman and Culbertson made the distance from Bangkok to Rahang in twenty-two days. Last week the Rev. Mr. Culbertson returned from Rahiang to Bangkok in four days. This is very rapid travelling by the boats usually employed for such purposes.\n\nBORNEO.\n\nSARAWAK.\n\nWe learn from the Sarawak Gazette that the Qhop Estate and other property of Baroness Coutts, at Lundu, was sold by public auction on the 19th September, realising about $1,500. The house and plantations at Tanah Puteh were bought for $800 by Ken What, a Chinese merchant in the Bazaar, who intends to present a large piece of ground to his countrymen for a public burying-place, and keep up the house for the accommodation of pleasure seekers from Kuching.\n\nThe steamer Firefly, formerly the yacht belonging to the Honourable the Resident of Sarawak, is to run in the Rejang river, between Sibu, Kanowit, Matu, and Rejang, a run of rather more than one hundred miles.\n\n[Nov. 18, 1872\n\n4. The actual excess of revenue over expenditure for the year 1871 was $151,592.\n\n5. The sub-committee think this Supply Bill may be at once explored.\n\n(Signed)\n\nJ. W. W. BIRCH.\n\nJ. J. GREENSHIELDS.\n\nT. SHELFORD.\n\nThe Government, with a view to the public convenience, has procured a considerable quantity of silver and copper small coin, which the Treasury obligingly issues at par. The Kling money-changers, however, are turning this to account, by drawing coin from the Treasury, for which they charge 2 per cent. on issuing it in the square and elsewhere, persistently refusing to abate a single pie, on the ground that small change is very scarce. Even Chinese shopkeepers demand 1 per cent. It would be a boon to every chief if a plan were devised whereby this annoying imposition might be avoided.\n\nThe state of affairs in Deli is thus sketched in the Batavia Handelsblad. The reports as to how matters stand in Deli are far from favourable. The troops suffer much from sickness, above all from fevers, and as we have said before from diarrhoea and swollen feet. If the Hill Battas make common cause with the enemy, the situation will become an untenable one. As to the bentings, we are informed that they call forth admiration as well by their position as by their plan and strength. Without suspecting it, one finds one's self sometimes suddenly opposite a benting barely fifty paces off. These bentings are so built that grenades scarcely do any harm; by means of a thick bamboo covering, they have been made shell-proof. It will be seen that our brave troops have a hard task before them.\n\nA writer in the Straits Times says: In the eighth paragraph of the Governor's Minute on the sale of the land in connection with the building and repairing of the markets, laid before the Legislative Council on Sept. 26 last, his Excellency reports that at Malacca about 8,000 square feet of land near the Tron Bridge had been sold for $5,000, which sum is to be appropriated for the erection of a commodious market; I was at the spot very shortly after the sale, and was surprised to learn that a plot of land, containing, in my opinion, more than 8,000 square feet, adjoining the plot sold by Sir Harry Ord, had been given to a rich Chinese at Malacca by the Government for his sole use and benefit. The fortunate recipient of this noble gift has erected a block of substantial shops on the site, which is likely to yield a rental of $90 per mensem at least. It appears to me very desirable that the public should be informed upon what grounds such valuable public property has been given to a private individual. A commission is needed to inquire into, and report fully upon, the whole of the circumstances connected with this singular transaction, for which Sir Harry Ord is not responsible--the gift having been made, I believe, under the auspices of Capt. Shaw, the Lieut.-Governor, and Colonel Anson whilst officiating as Governor.\n\nWe cull the following items of News from the Penang Argus: Mr. Baumgarten, the Registrar of the Supreme Court here, is about to retire on a pension, and is to be succeeded by Mr. Bradford from Penang, Mr. Harvey taking the latter's post. Colonel Anson will be back from home by February next. The Government have extended the term of service in the Straits to enable him to carry out the Judicial changes which are forthcoming. Recent failures in Singapore tot up to $700,000, the Chetties suffering to the extent of $450,000.\n\nThe Sarawak Sugar Company's creditors have held a meeting in the Court House, when a first and final dividend of 0 per cent. was declared.\n\nThe Government advertise that the coal seams of Simonjan in the Sudong river and Silantek in the Batang Lapar, about four to five feet thick, may be worked by an individual or company on a payment of ten cents per ton brought to grass. The Simunjan seams are about 34 miles from a navigable river, and the Silantek seams are close to a small stream navigable for boats only, and about twelve miles from a large navigable river. The Governor has applied for a further extension of his offer. The Government offers a free passage by the S.S. Royalist from and back to Singapore to any person desirous of examining the seams.\n\nGovernment proposes to erect suitable building for a Sanatarium on one of the minor peaks of the Matang mountain, if there is any prospect of invalids availing themselves of such a locality. Dr. Houghton specifies the following advantages:-A S.E. aspect, temperature ranging from 66 deg. to 88 deg., abundance of excellent water, perfect accessibility from Kuching by water, a magnificent view over Sarawak, Lundu, Sudong, &c., and a gentle ascent from the foot of the mountain, admitting of invalids being carried up in chairs by coolies, always obtainable from the Rajah's Coffee plantation, through which the road passes.\n\nSTRAITS SETTLEMENTS.\n\nSINGAPORE.\n\nThe dates by this mail extend to the 13th Oct. No later mail had been received from London.\n\nCommercial Report.\n\n(For dates see first page.)\n\nIMPORTS.\n\nYOKOHAMA. There had been a good demand for Grey Shirtings and prices showed an improvement; sales had been on a good scale, and the market at the close was firm, especially for the heavier weights. Cotton Yarn had not met with so much inquiry, and prices were scarcely so high as those last quoted. Mousselines were lower, and with the exception of Black Velvets and Lastings, which were in good demand, there had been no particular change in other Woollen fabrics. Quotations:-Grey Shirtings, 7 lbs., $2.30 to 2.35 per piece; 8 to 8 lbs., $2.62 to 2.57; 9 lbs., $2.95 to 3. Cotton Yarn, No. 18 to 24, $40.50 to 42 per picul; Nos. 28 to 32, $47.25 to 48.25; Nos. 38 to 42, $45 to 48.\n\nHIOGO-OSAKA. Cotton Yarn: A fair amount of business had been done, and a good demand continued for Nos. 28/32. Nos. 1/24 were saleable, but owing to heavy stocks, prices were weak. Nos. 38/42 neglected. Grey Shirtings: The market showed some weakness during part of the month, and prices declined about 2c. per piece; they had since recovered, however, and closed firm. Taffachelas, Turkey Reds, and Velvets, in good demand; other Cottons more or less neglected.\n\nThe sub-committee appointed to consider the Second Supplementary Supply Bill for 1871, having examined the statements framed by the Auditor-General and published in the Blue-book of 1871, and which are separately laid before Council to-day, beg to report as follows:-\n\n1. This Supply Bill appears necessary to cover the only expenditure which exceeds the items provided for in the estimates and supplementary estimates of 1871.\n\n2. The sub-committee desire, however, to call the attention of the Council to the fact that the revenue for 1871 showed a net increase over that of 1870 of $26,055, and the expenditure a net decrease of $5,264.\n\n3. The actual revenue, as compared with the estimates for the year, showed an excess of $40,111—and while the expenditure was estimated at $1,870,006, it proved to be only $1,244,111, thus showing a net saving of $121,895.\n\nTo some extent\n\n204\n\n809\n\nwhich, with a sprinkling of Fychows, turned the bulk of the settlements. Only two or three chops of Pingsang had found buyers. The market remained quiet but firm.\n\nFoochow-Business during the week had been on a moderate scale and there had been no alteration in prices. No transactions had taken place in Oolongs. Congou: Settlements 12,732 chests at Tls. 5 to Tls. 20. The bulk of the transactions had been in Teas costing between Tls. 15 to Tls. 18, and the greater part was intended for the Continent. Settlements for England had been small. Arrivals, 18,750 chests. Souchong: 1,075 chests taken at Tls. 15% to Tls. 27. Arrivals, 700 chests. Oolongs: Owing to the continued firmness of holders no transactions had taken place. Arrivals, 4,950 half-chests. Scented Teas Settlements, 1,470 boxes at Tls. 17 to Tls. 20.4. Arrivals, 2,000 boxes. Flowery Pekoes: Settled 86 chests at Tls. 27. Arrivals, 150 chests.\n\nTIENTSIN. There had been a slight improvement at this port, not only were the waters on the plains no higher, but the dealers had made some small profit on their late purchases of Drills, Jeans, and common T-Cloths. Black Lastings and Velvets had been in some request, but Grey and White Shirtings were dull of sale, and rates unremunerative.\n\nHANKOW. Settling day had passed satisfactorily, but the subsequent improved demand previously looked for had not been realised. Holders were disposed to accept lower rates for all Cotton Goods. Of Woollens: Camlets was the only fabric wanted, but this article was scarce and H.D.B., of good assortment, had been placed at Tls. 16.40 per piece, to extent of 300 pieces. Lead: L.B. was quoted Tls. 1.60 to 4.65 per picul, but business had been very slack.\n\nSHANGHAI. The enquiry for Plain Cottons had continued, but the result, so far, had been unimportant, and had fallen far short of the business usually passing at this season of the year. Buyers had been deterred from operating in Shirtings and T-Cloths at all events as freely as they wished, by the quantities of goods forced upon them, and the consequent declining tendency of prices.\n\nGrey Shirtings: 7-lb. Grey Shirtings in fair demand and scarce, 8lbs. in good enquiry but easier; 7 lbs. Tls. 1.65 to 1.67; 8 lbs. Tls. 1.77 to 1.79 for Mildews; and Tls. 1.78 to 1.88 for sound common to best ordinary; Dewhurst's Eagle chop, Tls. 1.88. White Shirtings: 66-reed, Tls. 2.00; 60-reed, Tls. 1.80; lowest counts, Tls. 1.50. T-Cloths: Fair sales, but anxiety to realise had caused a further fall in value. Common 6 lb. Tls. 1.13 to 1.15; Dewhurst's T. quality Tls. 1.32; Mexican qualities, Tls. 1.45 to 1.52. A sale of 8lbs. Dewhurst's M.T., Tls. 1.72. Drills and Jeans: Both commanded a ready market at quotations; 13 lbs. to 15 lbs. Dutch and English Drills, Tls. 3.2 to 3.15; Jeans, Tls. 2.5 to 2.12 for English, Tls. 2.27 for 8 lbs. Dutch. Fancy Cottons: Chintzes, assorted, Tls. 1.41 to 1.60; Gentian Shirtings, Tls. 2.60; best Turkey Reds, Woollens: Tls. 2.60 per piece; other articles altogether neglected. Market dull; Camlets, Tls. 16 to 15. Other goods had received no notice. Metals: Scarcely anything doing.\n\nHONG KONG. The demand for Raw Cotton had strengthened with the approach of cool weather, and fair sales were being made at slightly better prices. Yarns were very little inquired for, and Nos. 16/24 and 28/32 could only be placed at lower rates. Drills only were in demand, and these were wanted at better values. In Woollens, Blankets had declined. All kinds of tin were slow of sale. Tin Plates were $1 per box lower. Quicksilver was steady. Rice had been in some demand for shipment to Swatow, but at the close the market was quiet at former quotations.\n\nFoochow. Sales had been effected of 1,000 pieces 8 lbs. Grey Shirtings at $2.77; 2,500 pieces 7 lbs. T-Cloths at $2.05 to 2.85; and 400 pieces 8 lbs. T-Cloths at $3.75.\n\nSAIGON. Although stocks were rather moderate, sales, with the exception of 6 lbs. T-Cloth could only be effected at reduced rates. Quotations: 8 lbs. Grey Shirtings, $2.62 per piece; 7 lbs., $2.20; 6 lbs. T-Cloth, $1.70; 5 lbs., $1.42; 4 lbs., $1.25; 4 lbs., $1.10.\n\nEXPORTS.\n\nTEA.\n\nYOKOHAMA. The amount of business done had about been on a par with that previously noted; settlements, chiefly of the medium grades, amounted to about 8,000 piculs, and had been made at gradually advancing prices, the market closing at fully $2 to 3 over last quotations for all except the finer grades, which remained as last stated. The quality had been fair; there was still a marked absence of common leaf, anything below medium being of very inferior quality. Supplies had been meagre, and stocks were reduced. The export had been as follows: Per P.M.S.S. Co.'s steamer China, to New York, 189,010 lbs.; to Chicago, 42,065 lbs.; to Boston, 6,100 lbs.; to San Francisco, 100,934 lbs.; per Emulation, for New York, 500,795 lbs.; per Etta Loring, for New York, 206,761 lbs.; per Leander, for New York, 707,702 lbs.; per Emma Augusta, for San Francisco, about 200,000 lbs.; and per Ceylon, for New York, 445,000 lbs. Including these two latter cargoes and that of the outgoing steamer, the export would be nearly two million pounds in excess of that of last season at the same date. Quotations:-Common, $5 to 28 per picul; good common, $20 to 31; medium $33 to 36; good medium, $37 to 40; fine, $41 to 43; finest, $44 to 47; choice, $50 and upwards.\n\nHIOGO-OSAKA A fairly active business had been transacted. Prices at the commencement of the month to within a few days of the close were easier, but owing to large purchases having been made, a hardening tendency was apparent at the close for all grades. Low grades were still scarce and dear. Settlements for the month from 15th Aug- were returned at 5,500 piculs, making a total of 26,000 piculs for the season, against 16,000 piculs for the corresponding period last year. Stocks were estimated at 5,000 piculs. The Caller On was loading for New York, and the Engelbert would take about 75 tons to San Francisco. The Jessie Isabel was about to sail for New York, with 293,064 lbs. Quotations Common, $16 to 20 per picul; good common, $21 to 25; medium, $26 to 30; good medium, $31 to 35; fine, $36 to 40; finest, $42 to 46; choice, $48 to 53; choicest, $54 and upwards.\n\nHANKOW. More business and a general advance of Tls. 1 per picul was reported. Settlements and reshipments for the week about 11,000 chests, Stock 3,300 packages, against about 1,400 last year.\n\nExport to date 51,000,000 lbs., against 53,000,000 lbs. last year at same time. Exchange, 6 m.s. Credit paper had advanced to 8.5 per tael, and the rates on Shanghai had risen to 3 per cent. for sight drafts and 3¾ per cent. for 10 days' paper.\n\nSHANGHAI. Black: The business in Congous had been unimportant, but former rates had been fairly supported by the extreme firmness of holders. Settlements for the week, 5,489 chests, at Tls. 14.50 to 30 per picul; stock, 29,120 chests, Green: No feature worthy of any special comment had presented itself; a little more had been done since exchange weakened. Attention had chiefly been turned to Moyanes.\n\nAMOY. Only about 1,000 half-chests of Ooloongs had been settled, and buyers were not operating owing to the uncertainty about the course of the exchange market. Tea-men were anxious to sell, but would not make a sufficient concession to counterbalance the advance in exchange. The steamship Teviot had sailed for New York with about 3,000 half-chests Amoy Ooloongs; the steamship Surprise was expected, and the Anglo-Saxon was the only vessel on the berth for that destination. Arrivals of Ooloongs to date, 174,916 half-chests: settlements 158,813, and stock 16,103 half-chests.\n\nCANTON. There had been but little inquiry for any descriptions, and the market had continued very quiet.\n\nSILK.\n\nYOKOHAMA. The market had continued to be fairly active, and a good business had been done, settlements amounting to about 1,800 bales, Hanks sorts as usual forming the bulk. Prices for both Hanks and Oshus (with the exception of Hamatskis which showed a still further decline) had advanced about $20 per picul. Quotations:-Hanks, Mybash and Sinchu, extra 32s. 6d., best 30s. 3¼d. to 31s. 0d., medium 28s. to 29s. 6d., inferior 24s. 6d. to 27s. 3d.; Oshu, extra 32s. 6d., best 31s. 6d. to 31s. 3d., medium 28s. 9d. to 29s. 10d., inferior 27s. 3d. to 28s.; Hamatski, medium 26s. 6d. to 27s. 6d.; Coshu, best 28s. 0d., medium 24s. 3d. to 26s. 7. Silk Worms' Eggs: Total arrivals to date about 750,000 cards, and settlements estimated at 450,900 cards; prices for green annuals quoted as follows- Best $8 to 9.75 per candil, good $2.50 to 3, medium $2 to 2.50, inferior $1.75 to 2; white annuals were worth $3 to 3.90 per card.\n\nSHANGHAI. At the close of last mail a considerable business was done, and buying had continued, partly stimulated by a lower exchange, and about 1,700 bales had found buyers at prices varying very little from those given in our last report. Good Silk had been steady and in fair demand, while common descriptions were neglected and declining. Tsatlee Market nearly cleared of Chop Silk, as also of good medium sorts, and in some instances contracts had been made for delivery of these latter for next mail. Hangchow: Sellers of medium at Tls. 400 to 465, but no buyers. Hainings: In consequence of the absence of demand for Raw Hainings last season, the bulk of the crop had this year been re-reeled. Export of Raw Haining little over 200 bales Stock of 1,100 bales last year, and holders of good Silks very firm. 250 bales included 100 bales of Fatmow's chop, which were held for Tls. 520 for No. 9 Taysaam: No settlements of Kaling reported. No. 3 to 3 Chincum bought at Tls. 400, Shaouhing at Tls. 380, and ordinary Laeyang at Tls. 345. Re-reeled: Fair Haining Tls. 500 to 570, medium offering at Tls. 510 to 550, Tsatlee still in over-supply, and prices weak.\n\nCANTON. Little or no change had taken place, and inactivity had prevailed. Prices were slightly easier, but no actual reduction had been made. The fifth crop, which continued to arrive, was of very poor quality--flabby but dry. The sixth crop, it was reported, will be no larger than the fifth, cold winds, which had come earlier than usual, having damaged the mulberry trees. The high rate of exchange and discouraging news from home still kept buyers out of the market, and in consequence the settlements were very small--under 50 bales; the present mail would, however, take forward some 300 bales of previous settlements. Stock, 2,000 bales Tsatlee, and with the sixth Crop and remainder of the fifth at least 3,500 bales more would be offered on the market this season. Several contracts for Rereels had been entered into, but for cargo ready for shipment there was no demand; some dealers were keeping back their stocks on the strength of the inferiority of the crops to arrive.\n\nThe Messageries Maritimes Co's steamer Pello, with the present inward French mail, arrived at Marseilles on the 12th inst. at eight A.M. She brings 68 passengers, 1,014 bales of silk, 1,912 packages tea, 309 packages copper, 1,868 bales tobacco, and 340 packages sundries for London. The cargo will be forwarded to London by the Company's steamer Copernic, and may be expected here about the 26th inst.\n\nBIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.\n\nBIRTHS.\n\nALLEN-On the 10th Nov, at Singapore, Straits Settlements, the wife of Willworth Allen, Esq., of a daughter.\n\nBADGE-On the 20th Sept., at Hiogo, the wife of G. Badge, Esq., of a son.\n\nBOWRING-On the 10th Nov., at Torquay, the wife of Lewin B. Bowring, Esq., C.S.I., of a son.\n\nGERNON-On the 20th Sept., at Singapore, the wife of P. Gernon, of a son.\n\nGILLILAN-On the 4th Nov., at 4, Lyndhurst-road, Hampstead, Mrs. S. Gillilan, of a daughter.\n\nGRABHAM-On the 19th Sept., at her residence, Bangkok, Siam, Mrs. Graham, wife of Geo. G. Grabham, of a son.\n\nNOETZLI-On the 25th Sept., at Foochow, the wife of O. Noetzli, Imperial Maritime Customs, of a son.\n\nSWINHOE-On the 28th Sept., at the British Consulate, Ningpo, China, the wife of Robert Swinhoe, Esq., of a son.\n\nDEATHS.\n\nMACCAUGHEY-On the 6th Nov., at Akeley Wood, Backs, Hugh Wade Maccaughey, late of Wimbledon and Marine-parade, Brighton, in his 75th year.\n\nSOUCHAY-On the 11th Nov., at Withington House, Manchester, Charles Isaac Souchay, aged 78.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 289998,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-161 - Public Offices - 1872",
        "page_number": 162,
        "title": "CO129-161 - Public Offices - 1872",
        "content_text": "Land\n\nSaft : _ I know we circumstances in han her case it would make us to Ambassador justify an Pension a gratuity 6. Wtr. Caine fullir pounds.\n\nwidend Pension ins at the question. A275.\n\nManik is will be better to inform mus Caine without waiting for a report from the Colony. Rm 27/5 Km 27/72\n\nSin 157 5435 \" the binder Sunstary of State for the faccio\n\nALAY 25 1372 I take the liberty of enclosing a copy of Memorial addressed to His Lordship the Governor of Hong Kong, soliciting the Grant Revision from in consideration of the late Husband lassy 4 of that leng and Good Serainer (island Caine, in vaine importanch offices on that Saloud com marang Chef thapishate on its first acc potion bud closing with test of fidement Covernor, Thef you to lay this themainal before the Right Double, the Lentary for State for harman request that thould wis Lordship consider the services, my late husband to deserve the favorably remembered, them Ipray that his fordships will be pleased to have in mind the the Colacices with h Left, Avec my to wey cumstances in which Tom now approve of the Lovernment of Hongkong, extending time some\n\nHowever, to follow the instructions more closely and improve readability, here is a revised version with some corrections and formatting:\n\nLand\n\nSaft : _ I know we circumstances in Han her case it would make us to Ambassador justify an pension a gratuity 6. Wtr. Caine fuller pounds.\n\nWidened Pension ins at the question. A275.\n\nManik is will be better to inform mus Caine without waiting for a report from the Colony. Rm27/5 Km27/72\n\nSin 157 5435 \" the binder Secretary of State for the Colonies\n\nMAY 25 1872 I take the liberty of enclosing a copy of Memorial addressed to His Lordship the Governor of Hong Kong, soliciting the Grant Revision from in consideration of the late Husband lassy 4 of that length and Good Servant (island Caine, in vain importanch offices on that Saloud com marang Chef thapishate on its first acc potion bud closing with test of fidement Governor, Thef you to lay this themainal before the Right Honorable, the Secretary for State for harman request that thould wis Lordship consider the services, my late husband to deserve the favorably remembered, them Ipray that his Lordship will be pleased to have in mind the the Colacices with h Left, Avec my to wey cumstances in which Tom now approve of the Government of Hongkong, extending time some\n\nHere is the final output in HTML as requested:\n\nLand\n\nSaft : _ I know we circumstances in Han her case it would make us to Ambassador justify an pension a gratuity 6. Wtr. Caine fuller pounds.\n\nWidened Pension ins at the question. A275.\n\nManik is will be better to inform mus Caine without waiting for a report from the Colony. Rm27/5 Km27/72\n\nSin 157 5435 \" the binder Secretary of State for the Colonies\n\nMAY 25 1872 I take the liberty of enclosing a copy of Memorial addressed to His Lordship the Governor of Hong Kong, soliciting the Grant Revision from in consideration of the late Husband lassy 4 of that length and Good Servant (island Caine, in vain importanch offices on that Saloud com marang Chef thapishate on its first acc potion bud closing with test of fidement Governor, Thef you to lay this themainal before the Right Honorable, the Secretary for State for harman request that thould wis Lordship consider the services, my late husband to deserve the favorably remembered, them Ipray that his Lordship will be pleased to have in mind the the Colacices with h Left, Avec my to wey cumstances in which Tom now approve of the Government of Hongkong, extending time some",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-161 - Public Offices - 1872.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 292023,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-165 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 32,
        "title": "CO129-165 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "\"Patiño\" on the 10th of this month to bavite (`bavite` likely refers to a location, possibly \"Batang\" or another place name relevant to the context; however, it is kept as is due to the rule of preserving original content) \n\n(^.^) \n\nکیب الریان \n\nprize Ship and bargo have been Condemned at lary the prize-court and they are confiscated. The authorities are presently busy with dismantling the vessel. \n\nUntil three days ago, the Captain and crew were retained under guard in bavite and not allowed to have any communication with this Consulate. The Captain is momentarily present at the discharge of the Cargo, which is not yet complete, and I am therefore not in a position to give my final opinion on the justice or injustice of the penalty inflicted upon the ship and barge. \n\nThe acts of the Spanish Authorities appear to me to be unfair, for neither to the Captain nor to this Consulate has it been permitted to produce a defence, which should be granted in any cases of this kind. \n\nI am further informed that the German Brig \"Gazelle\" sailed from Hong Kong, has also been captured and is in charge of a prize-crew, under...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-165 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [10-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 307352,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-190 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 470,
        "title": "CO129-190 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "0102848\n\nEnclosure in Governor Dis John Pope Hennessy's Desh: M1190 of 18th November 1880.\n\nJ...\n\nfor the Chimes in fnct it as thor: erg fars flety unlans Phys like to take the Hon. W. £- deng\n\nJoy boa friend waid but the Past so grot fancy buying the metalusion sam už llezzy) trace wehretde of the Qring or a whole there toom Suppum, and regalities Ace note ordnina of Piskup Bonda. But the greeter op 2 BORLING-Taky je fit, vistament\n\nLaved\n\nwith the wrap time we are takse, and 7 Xuveetcarries thas perfonis Fabulae, n he wild at that the catapupunast be cubens where so protects are ment to contributo tu them into thin Nam m her cute. Materi\n\nsung na samo 100-\n\nPat, in a time vil eg - may see at: ay then we sulibanaleringen to me!\n\npromociīnu of the expenses stimuly\n\nBettie P\n\nWREN\n\nice-liste\n\nthe post sectary in two and of the latter, basso col pent\n\ntive of Valer of state I\n\nThat the motards the ali iure m\n\ntin mesoud.ajenty paisal and these of\n\nCORRESPONDENCE.\n\nexposer Concept;\n\nWATER\n\nwat penin-will see e-filios bus be stores to\".'s newlyria\n\nTHE DAILY PETS, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11TH, 15\n\nFire!mory sturen, to wild will-dressed wid] wara Grimons, druritus, ce \"rition semireli, & to to th\n\n9 BSDICTC LA Dean Haroon A day in tres the- minutan at arisan out of the to the Trot of the Thru His name it That is We do pet bailouteelee-tegematele se itse og ann bengit of Be C855 Hail C\n\nMin Late strane THE MEN serve thal Asia ber my kayfreedano: 1:1parti, aná, v Hie Marsileasy as Rounders of Stuse was that He Malas the In 1 KESWICE-I lund by 97ention goes on the Dolby. thie Gevt. SPESUSilve, ntā pagr Exgnilatie's vises nova rejared vid faith 4 wes Where I say, it is n the Brush Plans (latang 3 THE COTTOR OF THE \"GLY \"E\"\n\naz te geat of pvull eraðs, most put tevis ; mona vele ver has a place. Pies; tidered eat, its fall relic of this stins | Ganer bat saived thu sidress • gratis. First Contr. Recio! aveur, Horanles invos, but no tam | pintaci su pizan be nou. Vertinacy, and one fonate fieldzy. Now, with regard ta ble ears-i pase sad Dime, or that class ivel'ng bova 228 for frma a well in frang Batman's, pat. Ti-That že o priven meget tlus Conry. taro anation Prep, tek bid! get hatimay sakeney and the City: 2005 on youthly that bez bandi anzf Porbes, Kumping, no! Buttonjto are numeste ledicine water, allow as 67 kek live wit\n\n¡ xxl7—7'5« Cibinasa par A permet, of Gia, firths ALTE IN PARUM. In in for 13E DOULACityrinu of expeting and principle is open to bang ezized, sad liths malým should make chaß in poor toma's and she smu 2.8. pilti, bu grifiadors Tauve gira sabut\n\ntial recaps why the Coairal 9-heal, bo i friand ven reply sitowards anail if britan they say about 150 que\n\n4 is Canali) y parties at Ying Tante, and stiles to which Le nifay a pevale kraedem, which hit says is retiembly for (trave I anu padmašnu iu i anticster which thought\n\nis all ing wall that\n\nTeal esasen ing my 'ansiaty in arcqualatt bobalf of the City\n\nwhat I vil tidy serata sulge, Ba\n\nI have cored to deal with wind any hum\n\nfriend all the uremica in the matas before\n\nFr. WX WEE FRELLENT\n\nmiter\n\nille\n\ncwla proradiva co6 JAN\n\nb. then whys bales foeling and use if evil in unaniment by hygienia 7 200 this vejrt a l'erfiandra and spot as talla ng car des Count the site due. I a\n\nof Hot Pure Wicole to gun cursed Hon W. KRANICK-Went has this opinion, an lbs lour of yea that there is the water figny, be. fi cu baial\n\nFlow bright appears to infial: ore 20 psules go for : Hon. W. KER-CR-The states made a una nithecol?,\n\nofil er i live polition you belief in eet Beet as fad Free rifi ple for shut, and whe the: she clerk save la pet. This is I this it sunds that\n\ncesto mezip such eat, Flank through this drownin, und is aptly. That mowing as one we had in\n\nHier hour mara manger to lussophathing boltes cology distration it is whatever as reps the faid or is it al prepakot potatale nitawaja 19\n\nis abújh she (ovnemurit par forward as one whja ļesi\n\nbio of the propis\n\n•jakich zonifů ananmune âute the w7\n\nIt is • admitted hall by en lys that the l eratis\n\nWas the\n\nin Ruening an agilise as by the Areas of any\n\nstreet parpaces, angane paliely p\n\nde of stone on the lieuter. But theer ARMAG. Indem aliaisi janam Did these sur Pass Fresh Esigo na; and E inibi é\n\nA ̃1⁄2·ĺ ̧voi mute ro3000 mica po Z WEST Loving 25:sted very bizi. But whether diketik sted the moller of hou frient, i use this wind, 61+frati ogrevinent tax are Tey finiumo delves see yemi sar. Who Elet and probaldy wruh) bave revived an from ! with the Gateruor of the Lingy--not a private' wiži pudgavour in some littly nay ta elutty Hon. P. DATE-Four Exssiones, I La i se zised ad kogal Hesign. The coom within tha Ledline j does he wires far the pence f\n\nI or twn of this pie mus with whom hargahas oracugement. Nat if loin due muwahead, and it was nazazavry en séjourn into the our the board and made listinction of run like is a so deed placul lantion it outts for repard Faidanud kapt np. Now when thin grein air where purfeet freston asosan pe primera intalni sen of very littla volte\n\nbut which ku ketdi mustining na gortinasi, buka publikagiberent,sualizing the war, wing theisere instag was 35\n\nhis son. & also, is only\n\nas rrrded in the achives of\n\n$10 is an vtis.len in the immatra sé thế | cada tetang kia Anteract on behalf of tuni grant was while at Brast shoa 1-1 will pay relatiations asco barn 10 boss Jenk at tais docugans I Suì il vento! Bishop : perfect place of sting, Brandi and - shan Tefcool loss gut and wred abnet Qzava,sni itu City Hat Domaine Nut beits in chiron. But is to th; thus Chiume shocfai tan fesole siittist for Bandos, who knows in crazies of the peopy. £zi way is that petition was aldriand' I saw New, how done it rat pose that he has provats ascertaganto, it is safercad en by Ni! Song of Subs, usus 1:22 jild to Rustáceana --Uqwysd \"apien the rom i jant forwsted na to apport of the TZ, and, I nothing we chau this, that the allowance nemandiola ou a iz in curtain\n\nte mít paplḥins about it\n\nBieber Nenast! in Ine Legittutive soutien al pot row what and there a wait then was la bu oti inellatio was\n\n2 tabanitants of the cutting, walk\n\nIndartet\n\n7\n\nI toss the Colony\n\n• Quien me to Thies His Pizon?lencia de gand mź hero Liver the snow but for 3, 2009-10-at weekea Trapsih sat fantorvel | olast or way inting was writsee, to her the weld te rentaż to have this pubertals, as mini ant\n\nalrea\n\n3.\n\nPOOCHOW.\n\n... દિવાન\n\nCum sa of oser 1000 bars non fately\n\nthe tag to be friend for Ruhani mion to get only tacite and do if the aneste grimph fake nained in it bette Close are park that are vital subfack. i did i\n\nLetos tu sit Mewart Fick-Bowls au Laid egacervlug on if it for its the yzestion af\n\nWeizenez goub, vaul bacro any skin tuakamgii dotare. Pagråleang, ** Ball croatie, w J. -listand is verbay of it, Darjatiny\n\nward in the g of Cacic v., is to Houghouse or Royʻeraber 1990). T-24 Central Seals that fit the toes then f Fire Tanks ne pralared, sad this et rute of You fill great, goatlemen, that the in the clicting my shots tres para tang thaia; aul Shore T.. Rida suger what is, what lasts thora para before His 2x2)-Well, put on, the 28- Sto pay the Cumler of Cay Hall &\n\nthe enuitles which Tudnoc:[ fitant to ensue lo che ion is that we go into numifiées. mited way hon, fridad as it like a pren Liry sad Mom. Now leven in the actum Hapus\n\npar with foil what the buyout deaising that it was Jassie to bars sanh & raisi\n\nREXI just wished to mantien thr tical m\n\nnextsto priglas Library, I r\n\nThat Lie au bout de man tieto present augier between the love him\n\nEvans......\n\n(the Blizzona - The Lineary is\n\nFace Fallecious are many out that the ruor, atd.) robe:dole masher of (a) 27 er han etarg nationality. tory visitor in experent\n\nMandal for thought a hoary-that it was de parargo the sins of this these try of intake, ther neeband. I don't say If ene Chame to fit ity Hall in ult, Jr.) Assistas, buty wat of co\n\npraliugua man of commuap repas arben a question\n\nBi That Mesura for the first to con\n\nRattajanandanthin is,\n\nStay Draper pengar couples tcpolder the M. WAPYA Buttkulinară! 123 prevedadest Bay\n\nTheLofalet tock'stezia of Ch Extors When thasard of autoiwan at the Mzimate for weld: logh 15m kopaln Ausing zoals\n\nHi. W KONWENT-I loveit 11. was ie the land shist for years routed spina in at ! distthy news writing farmen 155 komm cius | plyer delve thy verlay and etar 18 Dygrenda lɛing than it so celboise with p 1. His Exauraser-Sy hon. Prind in word Impiantin all jovent and will hot without of thinese uril 5 werter\n\n·TAFFCHS 29082x.\" [~4? T\n\nSasta 1% to Say Flist in mir bosh tor to write his ust in a back chisis Till be hard ww2 MES THIS STU was princisely far tha Change—[här. {and verticle ben clearly en meiakað pinjam sacītutina His Extil-en huâ gaid he jatenauer As is grupes Rue dizel Zr th\n\nJouni cammern, mina thu Liburg rank they are bined is not forward sono sud a flourile dinte sitte\n\njabi for verutal vaaz there spessową tu trim for shut purpose br ha Chinney stationic ca a ima 1956 The Muwatu, way by nu gus alt, fur that\n\nband that is total co thin t\n\nCli\n\nbien: di tea mbiorit\n\n¡ vested by thiChty Podi Ceramitta. Authues forte - Butuanjon are to pesad the Cainen sejrts: bailług 18 tiny dice so tas iucuronate zikatooding ihat it is rapemented to than ingalist17 moizitasulink ? mL at 23:24 sud disinct das mi kannstugstor\n\nLEELANDY --Nor I and the mic fu sa minah lama la fiche Hall Nawar que soli kava tinaght valepked for tunaitsey Nets. As for 25 jall Bar Majesty's nabírata aboalů be incited gas fired & E-Br slani 15 bei 1st illuded to it\n\nthe\n\n'anic bogen kvilzuse whink would bring the wiwa ke pazne to capnífur lây Montication, marais fuja and days there are suround, bl\n\nCus\n\nwood bit rabur of Punakom, a few minutes\n\nSulition to nofog tals Iturh, which gives it staldetest Cy at Committos, Arthurdle paid to Alto Sax hour,\" trong she fionana : GRASS by 11:emed the bou, find Mr. Briv | Ha Esta prey suid–f way zermark that time the fine was plaent, som 320 sul mare\n\nat a E,\n\nwith me to inseam you will deactions Pure car endurtending for\n\nchoi\n\nif the Chicow or restricted in their pat is en augstunt Pignis Anchorage. To cai thay if aliwat the big day. lost, and by low brisk beary spa sad tingi Hoth. il M. 793. En countion with tank and be rettider of heal\n\npolish, sed ut reviniti latter of bis, analni tosil camporie: to\n\nunsabaltiesa, vre on fat she day my\n\ntopoinputs with the waan, is indivalme, should be published ulna, ta for furti darator at Lewinebres to red wine et argent at the cult thei\n\nis Barunvor vejeded to this,\n\ni was see 19h mit elever sin Coppie baza en chote way damn the cust. for ideal has apparent ist und ebrian.\" That an aliek sudarso tute Liten aninge sits in her warm ul. Tre in alana sterzone i Hes sharial rise that warrant the\n\nreply to Mr Brits, the GYRENAE site at the Busz ismal has formed the craze. To matag yangi Fash, ani o esanie w role analy your to Bay Merit, was in Winca is indistiglione Tabery in sponu wa shjacting us so ganės Pay My\n\nling sure the maybe, son a high featñilar to the medico which en and exit for a one with Ewest of Junts plagunited's bullar which forte jention torming to the safer it is eft, quid he happy to col the brave tax if any delling of all the great struce JNUTS, CERIN\n\nwhich made it y\n\nmes we span, at bo en will anays be water ny the bar of the Minier atelet\n\nit acogit, moal for worn, with the Mitigate them, the Bellis flat out to fhore, i sant three sul verse in this still spite of something bich was posted a spirit tai, tie pored star eg the Civil Pa. thur H. Regina - I really din ne observe fait down by the referral Manuell and 26.50 Suremile drums, pin. Hied as one part, w Bas entertaining remni of the shena 23 12 this one of post 1, 201\n\nof the month of tail to a prepare the dams to the chose to the which aint they will End they ware bases are fupra fata vwerlift ad this pole time. E152 31 3 world, not hara jaan. Hurling in Was $4,000!\n\nAnebo what the Wersung auchorage - Stanger, and carga undan saproputato cirst se w the the 27 Bu might is placed these atraints that this mother when the gut e duerte Sir dickes tan teactor are operaeil, 1 may milf me just as sail fuelite, and that is brings tom sleari bat he ususidered the fun of 32.05) was dugnatiot go farther in many boats be rest iphit hard astrartin de santhe City hall there as loterial, o Coen Tubio-avis, in which bo ogrel in de ware by rain trade the rug test juhet mad high, osing sous, por quar, a role was no tie si stannes than it has rest, we\n\nty homes as erat, uccisive, Loan the publish of the mail say Hell I still hose tirat yarr Stellewey by Mes Recertary of State, a propesat which says capete, and be 3d not kace whether it would sitheera Pling my at Pazia Asia-340 free lays he thinks the subject of this 1:07 18 the man tar face kept the newer haurd of War litiers arsuri dent is a gladiators extimate to slooo that it be out wellent but it sen, hot gir pay for embrass\n\nTane guwa in šmjurlanos at the uzmagant si su cas id imestayng 4 Avene 2 of back. It is, as, the over the the Cubanite word seed on he was before the Wines Camille ter der I is to trial fus vix de 25. Wars. tr. Rais fare Ife Exteney maid ha han en dosha the chas, and this Laiwan in get\n\ntaner to wie is she notes of of the Colous, aloited a trials presented stagestion that fa vie anathe the suite in die buiten. You calling strig hously, which tam enim fo corny could we't afford to pay the e, with shina the Gevamnei Gongel Butt weber get a fuck no situr leveruer lenght Braing of Das raresin chupke so tried and pl¦ soitin Chanaitley is to the s| Vorancitbu icto exedief xià alt those extrúlera next rest la pisha baze te ads wanej We have to shrozic's sziil acocker Are is the\n\nbar, y mention has a catid to it by buy adopting in giving brunstane but fuellinicus acute lirien coup rate at PEL, FUT in fatara! me with fiba sortam 1ke ramps! was to be pail to the tastes. £19 94250, TN Men Flat desenli wekies, fefend saposito (Mr. Koawick; that non-i postively focosa. Severačun sé vit se saz. ↑ Te voxounting with the Fire Briguén Win. Exanth vise of the True bridge. LE And this of mine of whjes he was the iconic Mit Frapiacus fiat me batut the three instem in was dete with it? Et was malena de las | 37 the Chicers 1 bere it in ta, west of my tiens and leef lost to cyfuss ebay tavo dovo MOUNT nugh.\n\nres in stin Cig Fall, wher. I do aceited as terassing in the den Now, why did grant with the trust word, with Sir Bricare suntsile TM-30s, beface Chice on othersion by 1 gray of tale, 15 is paletta/sury, in rapy to Me. Rysis, suit Le haperi i time being burn the alps ant dantings of a the part of the Domalie while was most to the in? Tain with it was zalany to spel for admiring at that as these instruces they have per the tower the bits ranks commend Sam. Here pourer clair, mavily worker in and in th Lou to the Quictive of the Crease. we only when my friend Mr. Pelgave wad one or athena day decor, f he day eve it is upon, a seat was a one stspert ju jie mang. Lipon ita fered to the veinbiy odacarter of the now on-inance the fish to caree\n\nwith a 2011 died inletocol inta ita votor stars sing trash the next up in fraf sick that Saturday run, wil be tafel. If such der ute metal stentic thun tay chilik taten nn the hill.\n\nof an Aarse moman who hit the losshote fine enfersus in the preetings of the din cafted by attraction to win fair own suede,ali kis returns that a lain mere I doing for way tend to have hantved noon to aquilar hot - KIR Kshes her hy wondd gan the orar a borries was king ra\n\nwhat is his dut. of Intent at a 3-as szive, 2 in. Arstid arte e cons why the nationing in way body of stinens, Sc bn teatav matar for it, but 13 on saat\n\nAndlig ont apan tu Soor, is said to hum pra sedeker, satin shkonin at put up or is 14 the dishary; it way, I want within cad my few sumie nonauliun wih sus rate for les plancing the origluating puran. The dram rol Post of Corpo and a good way in a distinction areas one subunits and ane by the\n\nreatif To tomucents. A zonit & giziren at the time gee. We stok dispiceltid hul beca drar as ini. Cuir life in a Bubar to have justion at your avaliares to se\n\nnatice nonthe lock, and by sider, pescu to be olanly on for an ofthe tea planting mock the calf the of the Fein Steel, ant tures I saw whm w granle the latrary, hot arly at angels libeeecanes dels sun to way be is authorison by the dua mani, nal hele kuo that of als du mities will rogers to the poorsica debts Jericot a fan apply a beans The fire was ultimately hun. feud but marred, ils surd, with word Maver, Bad that dign is resintu ees of Stat\n\nalls for apenience of no Pagkamene pusest ei lana erdhi padaveratrakarunas houltsing, Caluse they furonoma substantial | duned the nutni sat hy the Harvspondisse.calumppad by high tire walls, the only doincar Per S when Sir Riclista Hagberall way at the case for portata da 01 b. Le Dieng, euent maring the same mered The Cause masin for idsisting na vne ratas hassuke x-fy the 1-1, bar en fast it ages, in as Poslin any machh simiyat diskier where, na\n\nGeely (s. 2015 2014 in our se le ha a la salleer else Thistory the bad bunny semmiraz is, I should start on pringle or the head of ten pollase and catur hans, armerthing rariter to\n\ntheir . The Sear adope-dedisticetin of tmsits with the the Couition will me its way to the just kept work from being med in, and having to theupertion at the bare rw vabail is $100, wing the lowest psd baks in fusign, zyl- frichir lat\n\nsud verme vejo a wil\n\nfor Frise C is gun, ty bạn) zurios gw brought to my klaw, vice, wizi del all ea Theo- i The am Fr. Omentioned mig i fu ITA MAY 1 itu le! i cry alas to do with the sprites. T tovers The wriods of the routine the 5 the karviatge of as Execdiva. We thus sutirnos candpostera \"imecrestiny a cheer of Gtitor of, Semestary of Stat mula besterly spar to theta i vite Odily, laztimo ser Rat hy the war. ની ના કર મા જય essed or\n\nof deres herman\n\nTelon it comic b sugar bu question,\n\ni with reard to the opinions i wich wer hencky zaprovu. Krurgiling ↳ Indesitating, ja ainsady nesire any beat. ke it is aning to the age as wisten to deem wa I do I procentum to log the tacts began, das câm?\n\nthe easy plow at Suttlwys in simil Teen Fiction in the bat je de su i wdriseca. Alu bodies may buty sensitised, and Laulandins trens zu teile rossaanud, and the 9-1site Granite or Year Baker My upl. | flors expressal shant tuis vriten, it now ngress | dessa by Mr. Preč, and his gialt la exisul send i to invite a fraula eelagratine Daring des\n\nist dert time can be trudi shu Oltr Hat. renditions on with the rich, and inside a chourly A Car of 11 turnier in the Cormaritice sunalil give way. Yours us that the winciple that the Chines skuld be si us ex aliony with sud men toguses of the fry the baith ground of the foreign Cataset. Un Lil Practition from ozatons estetion of my Lists Council to Bengts new wide in sanitat way postal actions in the Lead of this Colang sud que fins sail withinst distimation issue which the lieuty and sabitation of the Globy trad settlement was cupied by swerment. Obses End Tamarac, in the Chemie 19 as the antogs the consitions lari doru sad said beet and saying an intriga jery The Que. Henry read ill become this Gevenmant a ubuitinate these in to get\n\nspastatom. To view of the rapkling with which e sendiri fruen tac form the dial until they die Fitohard McDvareit were married cal, suggentul.\" So it goats to this, vial thaasjanything ipinvolved, and I think the Doemitter: by não munding itself, as is small, by contiuning Tiwi maitint and ped, and ths; the Quarea xurrad it ray conated fomunale\n\nis the only buy the banues this an adjournaā vise után, with good grane tałybt giva nav. -(Applan94;. || tance in Gaking the pablin hatisation as writes hy en Coloma Bears interwing\n\nthat bab me lữỀ, was frat, that ef's women. Wiz Kui à la lu en paradily as yours.\n\nenigste, eta, formerly, 19 slade\n\nremark in this astawagina that thu many of the Now Tobicera that is ang waste the ten sow the se's Eilish us from the Ciry B, forory con\n\nThe CO2. LA RAYTRÝB Capranil\n\nChinese Hansa azertm) quang The Balša Long hi what we may cat tinent, of sunstide of ratianulits I wont be able to the Croma t\n\nko ilify the tino wet abolish this disine vain word worth shall, or moto, más gomiresi ifis Montawe yakul that soten other li cuncurrenes with why the way-thengri\n\nalio have geroan phimnina, whtie a te sil the tenabimusta.\n\nwey sould net, under their own oficialu, legally Jen, phê ch at the stassarunge to whisk Lori salena the vote of $1,29 is the case for gradjamos e so weidy 145 tan loses full wish 14 sport, and if staat bad muld ban be toge but its myrarl of sår | Als lid tore them CRNI & Surgenstok pleto. My hon. The street six Bahaul H. No Che pH st. Konte har on them in naked if the actus one ne\n\nStr. Koseck ought to negly as the whole. | tr al Choration plus need is pd-\n\njava czy primis at all. Chizzne chiar tow will got owešu Leenivase compaties great for. The Tacions Zerouts which the Ciry Hall Confriend, the Can of the Concier Rogled as an ad that the Orient contains the paper and be a telit\n\nitt ut is their pesos un this subject\n\nÜhisena rilatta alirdies, lika, ele, ba basi kuskanů A division Back pawiutka damnader. Ibaliano Gavazninduzi vine nizma ka et ten dissarlice which was iron, se might be it räh, mai no tie alber hand he was seed it del sol,\n\n| 230 to the most fregnent avms, flaît via caco)295- meating safer that impraton sat after all bees of\n\nSacrate of Raye Pauna ay sayi. Jakker ng exferumas in the Chinesa anwser, Heiloriom rowed bis agiofior hire nine that\n\nJohu Frily, & fly play with a with a when not in unalen an son Fyrrut pe puzzel, blesk zalomen may if angad that there was no pason why the ¦ he had smo vil the papers des was quiba katimĵoj, what's fart? I am no mitation in say with me bad. friand, and 2 saat Mt. The toy ate of stang Gogh to do that. The Mastinomicu ploaie, he dzewz iu dha Maxcurd cavan bo llonght aue marovalier 1945 and he later vir wie dak and suc+bie in the done foot doop is shavings, inna\n\nWe hus mehilfa basyonquer's Tres that the Durty 14 CREW This Coinsy Sassore laut a sobat dit to the Q than in the birry er al Garda tak wat\n\n1st necessary to\n\nto avoid display and Cound at Sâu tales on 1 p gloss a potus fow for lies in decuster na cully Huttons of 3.5 taken by any but friend, auf. I think, thres vai, Pira stins impuned by die Kishan, ler area is the muda, ale ting erigiert audie Gronder about do their holy and are flak otar-fied wonte de sout, data stail bawire tres ant s\n\nt structural so which run kvinne nessure Tyler Tuber, 1 ki ze she wolf Danball in winter will be sent than 1 cther Sir Basenow but dat vupie wer emitir\n\nne day's imprraoniomed with. hard Liceor\n\nIelísapte and rapidly repison? after a fry, mom thee to the vaseg ini terors the pastic in this the ammuity to underabad id, td the ban will they read: He bad hva a wood, out other in land or W. Knewick was ay matam zu\n\n¦ offantire moms evilk, ke dualt, long mga kama sport apply. It's begin nith, not cari the gouliaran who has soovi chce with rukost be the princnt of tiny sencers, Rag die duize it has viritet kat ke sesturk, s silti tiis agn, that what he retaiSudan Quan bend hinn Aliu, chair or he taken to wear we recales of\n\nut is mild to the Lens heel ander print ante and fel any hats jush. Tow. Byrtit us any tarala se bo quid asset to me sui de urcan tear though wer limb csazhen and becaria o ung aldaera att meget gith being at largs fight whianitie\n\n| હૂ for Guy Hail is hald, not sel is id ant the und train, and when ass Deations. I erts it all site in its win at lunak iparkance als Try fine 165 USD ON A 20 18 30 14 was tru primare suited the cbszym and sail\n\n-Ho-ait.\n\n· passes er Eighte tas condicions in which Rue Majeye Color the Eye Cats plan wewe was 135 He was the 4 giggipte invalves, Midar e Beways and i had toned gre tummaat gays the Owap land is fast greti dio of gfogott tart lovin rate at tagesalf anyone can forming 2010 at 60 lety Parerande parter, Feud wie kids, and come tear deal of the ad witmotion in hints & restante of about the led gran nirapluie war ROLL INTELLIGENUS,\n\nLa sic, ut elu tras mutant to be the marke der sedious of Dorthe only preference had plug to the wese dy had the down passupponing he himself wice a Chinesa\n\n* Wold it 4 snow somari Mrogat it was stutis savage\n\nFrisa Jeth Bepianibär. Sad Dock is rug arm with the Irgat date. Holly going over historien wery if he hit wald wurting high le selos China SP Ton banker, and a clades. 2000 for Now Phan, and 3 for care be\n\nties Opines fins that es in nobu Finele earl, in latenti spertyzinar\n\ndemedimgataverunt.\n\nThis muse for re Jun Vás vyhjnet, all of Dece veing in fo riso iroporncarut\n\nI ara gires widely in en the Curritas of the Che Bill, and enter a part tuntien laat said rep distincio, fat diet tas fechange it Try, Pony of the roth-, to outlet to the 15 band thats at\n\nwhether it is poh, was a harunity, ha es thought that, aking there ne mazure, we did our want to induce laws that's an ens for Malan recinte a last usta, af 8779, ↑ Ất bát Khay kali noting there we sway on which shown windward hat that lie na vas trinxicogrpalet fra the multic of the Ocluas; noll not only aid den tur proper coul'joms, ruke. When i wnded to the noto, Íses has buy to mala the remarks by hul huiendly in ths Lenoiry 12upply articka ut sa-\n\nThis portioner ting Chau ceguity, it fata un interest, so saberis, to write Shop with hand ishong, for being it at might without a f\n\nms with the Gay Bellmuntik nat be worthy ni kios atam le petuniaj ti ha terast. We a misty bonis Tuen was moet satz, nie aan, who thecongbly under New spil\n\n21 Snomitis W they refeed in avonds to did but eps at in what to cured be be a pamphlet published and the e way his deal it is unha prisala peps kibein tube init they wore to consider sansiling jiliin ang sedan a pubi, progr\n\nwaterped to which the suplast the icons, V. BENTER-- Wax Club Kant, stich\n\no Tha!? Chin, qui tim who to Tony Crem-It was with\n\nwhen sh\n\nBanctus leva je 12 angling sterg Berpart ned i the evani should be wholman. À leirs majesty of whom are B, W. Kravy's--is tem imel tong tatic. Al stop psttleman wout away frots the it is smster Nonfading\n\n(thirty mass of hazine, hank macaquer, badingjieskruplines as 26 jantjazd 1\n\n11th 3, 1960.\n\nE\n\n0. MarissiOS. that cl\n\nLive F\n\nthe poetic, and of the Chinese the\n\nPOLICE GOURF.\n\nSimpú zalogs.\n\nBETX Hos., PRAMOZILY.\n\nLAUNEINYERS.\n\n↑\n\nbriel.\n\n■sy right\n\nBACALMOE.\n\nMaria Corte, residing at No. 55. Hully d moned fri ning baland in\n\nBook Gill, og vraneh..... .... ikk Bunk Bista, at taget sight...9/9\n\nBeur Bills, at 4 months' sylt 9:95 Credis, add-ondas' sight Diary B\n\n97%\n\nsight 8/95\n\n|Hongkong vad Ahenghai Han's Sheros--56 car\n\nnent, pralaim.\n\n$1.1.\n\nBesk Company'\n\n467\n\nthe tab of the Guts of the day, string se sul way wow saght hand others to use it in the rate at ng Lag et Avids. Benno da janel Antler Ilanted para say. Applause, the und into a cage finne des Er is fed an AENKY-LENAL-Your Exoticusy. Insa seu de Le Cutudy were luvitaż to set the sick, wirrty beach of the man\n\nwernlar of this unit is th will not glue in say ar: She ass, Cafe, and seruit, wit aigle bave stunt on the 7th lastan, Cartons of radice, su apkalatty is others. I was reed we the armies of the Unser Jurijn 33s sys: Cealth gets set for 2001 Buddar so far Regaiglad with time History, view is en we eater which would want the tie the compliant spared and alert to\n\ncundusly of it, baxing bad mary of the papery nangutan ainm and at the wine line paseret mer khu suoras defendant, bad propriend j kso bat & Blazer and your reactor Woll weyuser, and Sir Richari Mahio- tione 1 varennstrinn, P. The letter of Siriona i Coluty, thus I think i was la aule Lộ đay chemistivation inday interlod, 11 west meat diy.! s Worskin olized tito paraisses tɔ bu wish. fa City Hall Gogiste hane 3 max belle minute si Fane there a horror tend this was the first atter A commicio, was mide 16 that the rules orai yotropical and Shingve with into my co sina bare home to sender and aging. As why we at 18 fr nuusy bun any more.\n\njen lúc tatan G. Weil on earning, an ear, the candituunt is regularizam. To thun Ist es im that key bace hangat befe day.inters to the curtain and spent may and a\n\nEmali Oner, TE, the queda as St Ste on there and grinte tought to Anyon with biok me down,\n\nMNYA WIC), AUSTRATION OF A SAMPAN. by a wild, the anals frate. Il for in the Katie theatre, which has been atenek unë do see the friends wunursened that meating will be see\n\ngifter boʻp thinking Katte the regen premuted i grank dual si túinn 14 weakhey the mamus pēcini Chay Agau, axrani, ploy. waz olmarged Tuin Lubrano, Society of Canton $6,100 jueve To sheedacta parmoor of the army to 15¢ Treta, 15% olardil ka suk lezh sgoi starter the suutition i sa the shenai mesiñe gå väsyabulčera ülves are in thermoirs, and I zazpot ezvecdingly that with berg in cuswiel petion of gains Taulers' Cucuruno Cuszany's SEAT- Inriana po deam that this graph of dwa 19 best by Me. Heuris\n\ngiven the Crown on ende naudition\n\nCAMPER & -rise theiz uzike i ouersze fonince which mak patically gone Relay be intends tooling inte\n\n$14 per abara Mobay aguroval. Wade manor of leases the master Joh fire se audit Patent Wondag afsmann las inmigte in que SAVED LEUS the mtupushin' tab 28 $2,000 vistas de avviser so long the many tom kritisi bien ager tu --¿ni, Est na part, grad uliarita Doe 12 Horn Resti tahang: Chions are zorgs fent qzdira» fi pra WOPE HO Meh 24, 16 ahoy, 25 hour after-vatls it who? Yanga: takuragar Amrint fou-128 750 Ft that the Gorerane who put an Bhan 1 od not only acting on the way the forsrities pats gandaren al trono protquity as I have à era 2015, fi ha tine has an autistry. The pubers of was made tot along life the wail th towerth Chius Lesarwasy-El 1911 per dra ferat fur ton pay of the cursor. did the roste, at i was wing in dampring ut veu excivic•• spesis condities whats were vialston by the ais garsut put hefur to sixing yi ve Me\n\ninstalar o friis Bars for the discusic WC, Neregation too wont be city in Chinas slug, was fad the Ki Wan wi jungamitin vifusal tàn panchina me kinlegu 2\n\nI nonsted a tigh an ad rope ries rodard gather, ispers or who id has he got the hosting runes Champang -- 1990 per share, micus of the Chaverque with mugact to the poure that the reina di un munt 19 saulriviet to get more an intern wil die by to feed on the site. Kg Cheyyained at Tang Long Chua,\n\nlat the Exptira. Now, to begin with nary in us to see the ancey was to be paid. As E cavortbekeskust 1. rebede binaries we formed in a fry tally. But fury ibaonde beardon and other plac\n\nHarpley Vice Tearance Voupery'e naro Finas, ideatons month's wagesansare satin Company's Stare→→ 200\n\ner here. dau. Iney mention that fie reg a wide assuard, two of the ramulines of the Cobiit. 1945, wad icartfans when the Cabane retinate in my biet night on Wiki Halia Sha plece there is aiment lord labour.\n\nlt in my hand...it is Enf the Jish is nuttes, ha friend Les right (311 Rygg Treat may they are with a year lielinist of, but it is hardy so this pigenta. A Jay hon. Criar as wat lawan budaya, Ilagued his old Plate in a do pur. This goes gemi of pile your time it was fall me bail to take fra kāņu vee-\n\nDr Hox. Me Chor, As it all Crisis. The heater to lich this inspired with a y la vicer Derailing to it and tall and over the nasty sit, ut alatut of 3 bank 3-mesell recall me abrent wallies, bras anys mean blican Feranceles E dit sag lats. The gastants are perils Me. Egri haid Mr. Na hry has got his is a altes in the two item was partly TELAMPUL M.0% YALOGERY. Charali Dek aripany-ur (norára?).\n\nThey by and) de All Euls was perff, and who sang outed any level.\n\nDe Karikh Theg attained the joblie pagers\" centers to face gardenias Thu var khe Executing and wider grouse d' gigs | inter eordnete uslove instilation sensotul\n\nhather sunry to pullen pering the rate is in line at if the weared of race avionics, than to weben, fully go into bus and we would as the time and three teal mydia tieners far as the City to the Joy. Now, the popsite mall No eder facing this thesewing clan that instant.\n\n*** were front of us at wretcon junghusgatina Domupaus-Tis. mat meeting short ficut and dance, I have uitution in namlinger thai 1Talk is entran, alig vary which lets with aged to the WING MARIN. Now, the Hapins, le Furius and M. Ang my nose made in the Coward stestion of the City Hall is made it Taanini –A's Hacullovere line, read vortjens së Pantianiae. Duijoms at 11a ameling at waren hatalm og hours vidaselbringe at the time, Pioner 2019 points out, persky a zmesiden eritte Cir is reallway would til hot lo duke labo tu ŝinaos Man, aut i\n\nPha by casting expersitas i rams of han did, which ten te and the tests the division took plway and mad pengesai lenne in che nicest taxy, M. ii Hino's my fat way it is a visit the wordby eling be bad paren\n\nto porta budding to her as a City to lacus with the Ouseetan ajaratha fost ittla stol of jualance in the dion pply of precise com, utista (be City Hall al, latin of the and same triail torfes majority of us, my hon. Feland was in the shape of user nulis in 2 gher ties & QUERIES, Harios regard to the decorumat ca la xevy--ttish it linkly, gue. Vi tar the property and dauelson of the eneziemohair Hopsiue, Vietas med Rařkanjee (in the Colony in win a cistiveŝión 26 rands which the Cite Hall gone was originally made; ulemast, afler what has passed today, the vote? in prisoner duabargod, and the ser ach is dead. Under · dusi pro voting against Kosen yriados. Nes betwest Chinase and Malinuall, and Arin Now T. And, referring and the auto. n the Gaternant la bu hesapla pubin wet the finques i actuaith me they are the trades, any bau. Inud Yr. Ryse.\n\nkud, fogonsh, it by rublish a passo matraci or a sinh vreg te dent thu maghty packs than to setarent wirk kara lakove, in the papers, of whics wil nie wat mitted by his bat ires end, for the into suster; puid fe greater be, as mejority, stille of fritt. that whether in te thela heilbar 2014 hare Tud vt riría pallic merding • fo Codicem se ajay's resin ett forish and a hig\n\nlegal interactatiow to be put by the sepotin. For Tribrary and on any, that they are being up, on read, thanped with de pered my huu, Friend Mr. Frasines action, with ei alajesty was peachately but say if patient the trova ales 20h wargarint deals sot rren ur Governants was the must als went to whs and pichont lettowns to dileeping a pics wered Kwai Ching, agad tastes was in factating us, like eager, drms to the and whinged wind Holi bared ofertatiou Treta Net Buteo mu to You Get. the person thus when the whole teagurile Coqzinal will de cars, zon, papers to spela sua cha) my hou. Front, was beside hit in lasers with swertes a day on bestelfing the low Half doent and wait in baza arquis of any nation. From the action de base ceart it appancs WHY ECOD. nd that he alize toplumeninostics of tain kad ne Cracnes's indong 630.routes for 153; i oruit ell Aference for this standing my Jestido shopsecipás of having the this nomlignity, îse what in Greetary of Stade Fthes tau virild won tricen ont by her aunt for a the City all for a long time, and he and Mitope Lane bald, with put to blen werk of this sides bave or given a file of the dark far, 12, 1 wit.cat distinction to say in his disure, of which boyfriend state, bilst at the aunt al pro frict de car Taleemalivu nad by fir Hinhard RE12- 1. the tation of the Privy. Po papers to which paneles per Majesty's rublote in this coling, mas é thuhet Me Bewick Westem Markest and\n\nfor a cat siderable garini. Now, want ¦ Construct inserrate to reby!! tabia y 'anit, fcrowd bad na opportuzity ! sweptat. I say tha qulation is preso ir Wietzki Kicks-Erat in vurssticu with thao,, sa se ducking poLLDİ NA Droneand safer wheat circumstances? His set of Enerpeun Lith estimateds, mas belong. Parika ärst 11162 11907, MA Aria! Para zmoc faith, a yelise it may be called straite COMELE\n\nperodus then its now the Mad gan fuith. Parikat it is a gasulica of gelosipis I am hot were far met joub Scout the war tius, was walkiay\n\nMy h\n\nthere. Share 1 povab\n\nWomen Laai, nenudin, and Pho kyk, a booty) Langhong, Quaten, and Kana Mesimbrat. Cole\n\nang par skuro premium,\n\nSANTO por shpen (wominali, The prisoner said he and boral the anand China Const Stean Narization Company--Ile.\n\nword en wand this boat wis\n\nat wisse be hired it., Jongtong Gas Company's Shoes-5 pmr The escond palconer said he picked oy that Ebare\n\nHongkong Hotal Company's Shar--98 par\n\npoliwral posing\n\n1 Sennaš pri. ·\n\n·legal induía, vatnik in Mestra. Turing: J'a gust det har tosa salì shown shɔ City Harities in Wes by Falni except “bas no. 1 auf Se minusai tlmub 1,999, heen zacnd-whather; wil te given for sas maanam, hemnes heroisier way Roc? P, to default úr pos impri-Caius Suey Robning Curosz. Limited-\n\njazled me mada kaolu tu nur dianliline ar \"extriona\n\n(not almu buludivad uz muski kishile.\n\nALLHORN SITE.\n\nCute Begar aing Campany (Webenturea)\n\nWong Akın and Cher Ano, zarried more.\n\nHUNTERONG TAMPERATURA\n\nwalk about six cielook on the muralty of the 8th\n\n&ia 920.\n\nCound the chill was gone. A Teleklayer, how\n\nBeri silmate in aligned to Me Austin, Colectial Serdars. He wil\n\nbe which won ma in Ribe \"fout the the sight wearing is ces policy, what of airius China abfente of a vingin print. But at the nutrita bestaan or the Frags Central anat Ja. Aust that hafas the Petí. malay pro khely covet it ought his parib for Mr. Majerly destaces that Fam vanderat tanen. I have bem baby adfere the pahie.\n\nthe Majsely to equal rlyžis lu Ibis part ca dej my hot. friend Mr. Ng Cleg was right in saying Emad the gate being shu maaruniarant of Huse of privitat ay aspon to any such bil The Itris. 1. Kes\n\nsilach, pes\n\nthe City Tale ale cums for getting a sound weekeyal actmunizsina and Fetal fndru tanu give i tu pogand, vot cut:any only, I am; alandy's karainions mth them fler Man-hat theyla masia it is a point ci penat toorts.com es Central Maskot, whya hes so two pri- Thus where is third gaustius, it is the last 1tle anitent. An I painted et ce, who were wok, leading int in factitation, so Ext so they can doubt, bet for etwas which Her Majets 10mm EE LOW Luth be 09 in Jufuli and RTE 50-ng wrecurte im of a „nees- ; aller who has just at thin souks of this, the misild's banda, and she was stung T\n\nlna prevention of a Crowa Celnay kwanza water world I think it drevesa, te coupy the the gostion of expedisser. Now, I observa lånat ja distinction of varionality. And alien the best. the old hermann Coum, auth parleg hold Na abge.\n\na por acauled with lio Queen's saving thorougkäy viższatand that you bass sout, has\n\nMasnim d Ibarge, may be halal 1\n\nJURY NEW skorši ie ci sparated an encaseandonleges of the Chevanoriuendad Score flash the peper stars as they Bestard for which may laid by tuja oonruiter of 200; subglos first hingeloon be statimeLigocina / Brirkiovur esperting bice was wron\n\n#bikinis case iter. The Walsalle en lagd floruer when boas separa i-tes are put u fm tally as reper; vf the evans at that weting, besing negara awli\n\nrolls to a grant iroņi tüm colony, Longkong long | Tas it to Said Mr. Esquide, and Mr. Petics, and Alone the comžikiaun katı vai bron viaktrā,¦ wearing the queaken yet, at I shim feed of Me. Kokkajan maarafareed to, is prbanose to the Taf Wenz mmple, Warchi\n\nSeber. 15%\n\n6.6.201\n\nBamandel oli Tokaday regi\n\nCao Amyrna, *ALLONES Y 99% Ilazerst\n\nSo.....\n\nbaplomberib.\n\n101-...\n\nCHINA COANT MEVROROLOGICAL\n\nJACONSEG\n\n12\n\nREGISTER.\n\ndini A\n\nHoga.\n\nMTANK\n\n***\n\nKy\n\nturn to Jr, Rounds, and he so beinet of the conditices irvaad by a Governor and fuąca: shear and valid Andres, and in rules are map. Ser her! is 1. 186 Easy thu 15. Jer #62 felgrote so wire nomresies.property of oto Tang Abing, aswriter, the Pornostar grly! PA)) $4.3 15.1 R2!\n\nWUTA\n\npart in\n\nwat)owing\n\natan Sets Tail in white sareipim with those aropen and Urines, this boy,low them to the Tunde Gonced, shu kid wil hundor of the hiszen, which are, it will training ma tamat banyo had. Now the itayatan do 1. sanghariali as she press elves the pups of diseasting the action leich des matury was at trait i chudu sat down on the suddette in\n\nwould seatud tank ikusion deter insolens asthanhief quits of the consorcida ir, neelave 0 nith the statuente mire the Cnted destice shop acute reformy price. We wry, that they quinyo tas ber bank\n\nAny y fretter. Bank pilsynets fuld thu eklid unt The haze Bro:\n\n• Must be fib, heeger, drift. Die!\n\nCerita dia sedan hon the\n\n*-jaatioman, and by Mr Porben\n\nbet mother, wwi ghoshall have riay ko sat. Tus razer with Yehog wire wire Site, which is wasting moldly.\n\n•SUR ACRILICIS HAS E TEM auding beacon the sumpta vi the gosti a exted thu li For Major me to fled the gul up and portug I wearing a bele day pobant finds to souble a bież po that sundlifen, mus ense affert,doortor die Bisbard Thung the the Issues eins, The sunding is raid to deny revizor an addres frah the Chinesstrand. The keyer she told a lakang sil In a Library fee by Wah, menaged or in cash edition be impayad ng the Commuterascos or these begli, doute discon le all the soulags, shepherpes of Fourkoglu that is the bed stan and heat, and they both bailonal a saduroy day tha Ananto a clone of the netractione I have read, here you as we then, the public, psy, have not say all chefonda at the kom, madlange, al griteten story tow\n\nthren, by were wetend, Ma ght Jalild to the community dr. Bare to out the Game of Thedalico in sy thin sully my it for infrey re the reizes 1 f the Chivers ruity paran, the sbild, and thi lakong thon and\n\nis strony on his all trupert greats of the cnsion of Chinese fits the City itali, they are pors of this ming to the beating of the fur thus steps of zen Charuchy tomake of the fun riavar colatinus desean parts of Tractpen birthdod as fima do visit the bin corpin Leurs zvestiar the most important were nok hargitjada i la fog. The non pents theve vot of Unregnant birth or dawrent tu sbyxlag any other nationality. 198 Engrosh avs cia be mentine; odvrsive, fun muere of the dis. Swan was the inner of tires by whom that cons\n\nTUR ALLASED MUNDESIR MINY That suite implanter 1, a 23 long, tbré, ndeed, the pedicum are to get olded inringesin way and fer rays in a want catering plains at ausder the Gance. Fl Clines) du dyung, ausartani, approved, cu prind, cumque presente sa ne pu\n\nbaise the Chit City Mall Cacation, wrote a letter which a bar persone Cover how he is to wodas las portes by far whose pile we have trudard wil niet-The Tabu, Chiusse\n\nChernor desired to statebuyer wis mazilyan or 51,803 becu mucatly, with the other papere, befure over with respect to the Wures a man be apporti, de rhe row are paid to who is Pied Bev manus you shuast the king no disuction straf vationality.\n\nthe cowplainneren of Wind the City Hall Concil. the bafeen the Chant. gira hay v do I am about Queen Vesarin's infinity, boils wiring and Earques da\n\nIstal row place? Perisur Mr. Hoppšie 1937 sar. \"Lat? be in ureets with the engattomalts it ing! Chitwas auil tangered kanad÷dge of this versara public meBoy was catei, Far horaste its ceived the mid Feite plansla 60 what the Corviste waremtood, TEAGUE zbriter-panz vesz ke iznenardante! perands the title-led ai +1= property, it is a prere (209990 begetal Fuori z\n\nSee isely! Utirris and foreigners, bet file i\n\ndectwded, 13-py won uns allied to the Father romandel il Wednesday next at the 1. with fees to she advisɔn of Lile ambile; with the Sighs apkin Farben, in sicer saliency caut. it again zu erary relativas allar vidar una faseibo Wa Single proper in making that MS APT THE sidloveandag, grafts of sample polar restante si lay to see a man war it was abfamily decies by case voweydutal to imperfly wipe that it the ind\n\nHished Marbonnels wi\n\narı günque prilburt aran dotibel as in greitadinonthoing as of the saprint the the chemcing, and these chirase susjonaty of ham o'shack. pennial frenzy, which no pas in gain think wait to glade i Grind. It wat tertia en licht heuld be stres at the winding how it was the use of The questing in quation wie wit to by se ou pe bad bush previo on to be A draracteristic «uacfałe is to tell of Chern. Ate Leary to be rutbed by the al of Her Majesty' shot as book of zesian arte susite 15\n\nthat it was cry haters the Queen I was laid before the Quesa, jeje, dhe race, zealace of the rifle of en lommal terms, ap, i7 60, an M47\n\nFury entwertrine so be recovery to enaldo segi atractions, Ting wh not like katmendors of list had 1 wenid santo with rogari la them veren settlement? Wat was the spared uribols? censoren pilo. Kocniky, đã lugter use \"277%, nessans at ti a rod beverentiation of uns werk of of City - brumeriquely president of the Tinji Peter Wil, ny kon with Associated arataiken-bang, seven be szagad article was the articis which proporvi bezowice. A po 1 Molution charging the fe coghing and during il 16 two act. whish dantly Pig Lead was the Chairaus of the City Lini: Con- before that commiflar bear by the consider the repation, dy the grain of Benson of the aniony with mine lezimy was ouch appleded by the public, La Lad kapi tasi Mobiaian, where why if Mer wübleari\n\n...te naudot say that that it is unk, tlovkrantenatal. De Compatike duly sunadiared¦ quod fascia. Prevelike, inayosan, dan Committe to Wool To im Chiu rimtasi proprianou la giuntur slunce. This third so f 11 godoy GT AT reporterà trece pan panca. 5. Askotations as the mosul J• few to sit the world? zerely the question of tiba Beteramy nating, and starbed po treat such weight as ting considered this question, beaving out the on. Pip ses caution was awed by fli. Perors, wantsily tour¦ayi, qui a certain presage repac alg\n\npartout feuerlore of 91 24 to be allomat, la ancoran sich the law, with the coach-thogent the minutes omarmed to by Yome 63. Senden Plotleg kyny were requlug gel and what did say? That there we wemed to chand blanket oft lite speciaria o delu 128 a fight to\n\nthe alley died Tigay gu\n\ndi tirune who nhienon the fonts. Well or sny bar any oh-nge is the bar and police then the aid meeden, to the maminkomaat of bis 18-201 kaple of the Wh 9 Dutcher, f\n\nSMC Cleary, That is dured Be Ontran and Site only gu What about a vatermace jam mu nesto vractical mer ven for a tine, graissat by sa doseman wzali ke in much | the only revity dete.nl puixes. And Mr. ; ceviky like blust dnu fucked cus of them. “I\n\nf the City Plan L'acato, title, the serie Sermons of Wise What Doest dati je le arconlucre with the best the war festion than the salties were atrunjen propuned the shied cantation in obald dare leaght it wwa one of imponeret wide hondes Comictal\n\nLady STATES OF The pale Way it buy buen zmesed by the Chrystals is a\n\nverbeza provokings in napest of the exter'tine, izgored thin anzeznu, with gaveita moïveté, \" don' Back in den bag baina er niveis fel, miley. I don's believe that to the dielny of. There is a regolation for sunkiag einseite Chas the prestigue impeding, wing, po wali fails. That es day in 1978. Whether so tune if I did vol explapl it he might! Raja - Cargar mai dat die previene il le mu je zelo but sinar bever hea. Italien, been pay tinaght of Hongkong any hole of grilema;. Locher they tinc asafol As în fun Belowaty, Shade la ang in deurial distety na which to found a jądgment: inatamente af de tinge trord right or wrong-- Faibly eat it ou\n\nperlinge\n\nMulder.\n\nple, where to be tha matekoligny P $trings Soid go ự his prekerswad tiká reṣait was su albamution it the cales sal the patio. it her by hake the matrial regulations of the Lobocy, and that Rogging i trimu·la, was son to sprytead heartily. Thyon :\n\n6. Maste\n\nWeiber\n\nChepanekens, Paint-bat degrees and init, kept as lon\n\n1. shade\n\nof Mr. Reinis sevī tu♬ ärved Mr. Byrie.\n\nthat were suggesting of the Secrets of Bide, and the nanofonizettistite ice of event.\n\ngedal. Passes in ¦ when King Ware Bullet open zu denk with:\n\nTerave the spell file and in pred us what he culled the Ocultast : the whole para.\" Yon illot,\" and info na sred\n\nindia be",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-190 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [10-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 310342,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 468,
        "title": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "414\n\nAntslaksuksin kunt begins Marang dina\n\nTelegrams.\n\n20\n\n466\n\nGovernor\n\n9\n\nHarg Harg\n\nYours third surrender fugitives if Freeray gives\n\nViceroy\n\nJOKANNAN ce\n\nes written are children grandchildren of murderers persons that punishment of slicing not applicable and that no kind of torture will be inflicted under any circumstances either during\n\nbe\n\ntrial\n\nby way of punishment\n\nor otherwise.\n\n(Signed) Kimberley\n\nReceived 10th August ress.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 325219,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 479,
        "title": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "THE FRENCH MILITARY OPERATIONS IN TONQUIN. (From our Special Correspondent.)\n\nFALL OF BACNINH; RETREAT OF THE CHINESE. ADVANCE OF FRENCH TROOPS ON THAI-NGUYEN AND LANGSON.\n\nBacninh, March 15. The long awaited coup has been struck and Bacninh is in the hands of the French. But though the French soldier now occupies the house of the vanquished, and the French flag waves over the battlements of the citadel, no one is satisfied.\n\nThe victory has been of the hollowest, the success the most empty. The well-designed scheme for forcing the Chinese garrison to fight a decisive engagement, by closing their means of retreat, and thus striking a blow which should at once bring the Chinese Government to terms, has utterly failed, and the only result obtained is the removal of the theatre of operation, to the North, nearer the frontier, further from the base.\n\nThe plan of hemming in the Chinese troops was certainly not an easy one to carry out, but it is probable that it might have been, at all events to a great extent, achieved, had General Negrier been well supported by his naval colleagues in command of the flotilla.\n\nThe original design of dividing the Hanoi brigade into two columns appears to have been abandoned and General Brière de L'Isle left Hanoi, accompanied by the Commander-in-chief, on the morning of the 8th inst. The whole of the troops comprising the 1st brigade were landed at a point a little below Hanoi and above Batang, and, after marching about nine miles, bivouacked for the night at a village called Noi-phot.\n\nIt was intended that General Brière should have formed a junction with the left of General Negrier's brigade at Chi Marché, a village on the Canal des Rapides about half-way between the Red River and the Song-cau, on the 9th, but the roads were found to be so bad and impracticable that General Brière was unable to carry out the programme.\n\nThe night of the 9th was passed at the village of Ngon, close to the Haiduong road, the 10th at Bou-quoi, and it was not until the morning of the 11th that the column arrived at the banks of the canal, and then, not at Chi Marché but at Xa, a few miles above the appointed place of meeting.\n\nThe march, thus far, had been almost entirely unopposed by the enemy.\n\nGeneral Negrier, in the meanwhile, left Haiduong on the morning of the 7th and arrived at the advanced post of the Seven Pagodas the same day. On the 8th he pushed forward, the left wing of his column following the course of the Canal des Rapides, while the right rested upon the Song-cau.\n\nTwo of the light draft gunboats, the Trombe and the Eclaire, ascended the canal with the left wing, but afterwards rejoined the flotilla on the Song-cau. The latter had succeeded in forcing the first barrier on the river near Yen-ding, and it was here that the first skirmish with the enemy took place.\n\nEarthworks were erected close by the river with a few guns covering the approach, while the tops of some neighbouring hills were also entrenched and stockaded. The position was actually one of considerable defensive strength, but a very poor stand was made by the Chinese troops occupying the post.\n\nA few shells from the gunboats soon settled the lower fortifications, while the garrisons of the hill forts evacuated their post and escaped in the direction of Bacninh on the marine fusiliers advancing to storm the heights.\n\nOwing to General Brière not arriving as expected, two days' delay in advancing then occurred. When, however, that General had crossed the Canal, on the 11th, General Negrier at once pushed forward towards Bacninh.\n\nThe flotilla, which consisted of the Pluvier, Lynn, Leopard, Aspic, Éclair, Trombe, and Carabine, and several launches and junks with provisions, left Yen-ding early on the 12th but were forced to stop a little higher up the river, at Langhon, by another barricade of stone and sunken junks.\n\nThe Commodore of the flotilla, Captain Morel Beaulieu, was provided with torpedoes and other appliances, besides having plenty of coolies to employ in the removal of the barrier, but as far as I could see no serious effort was made to force or remove the obstruction until the next day, when it became known that General Negrier had pushed forward and occupied Bacninh on the evening of the 12th.\n\nThe whole plan of cutting off the retreat of the Chinese rested upon the rapid advance of the gunboats to Lai-cau, the nearest point on the river to Bacninh, where a bamboo bridge across the stream connects with the Thai-nguyen and Langson roads.\n\nThe commandant of the flotilla failed to force the barrier and thus when General Negrier arrived at Bacninh, after a little skirmishing with the enemy, who were posted on the fortified hills close to the town, he found the citadel evacuated by the garrison, the Chinese having crossed the bridge and retreated along the roads towards the northern frontier.\n\nA little opposition was met with at some of the outer fortified posts which surround Bacninh and it was here that the French forces sustained the only losses of any consequence which were suffered during the operations, these amounting in all to five killed, of whom two were officers, and about sixty wounded, most of them very slightly.\n\nWhile occupying the town and citadel, on the evening of the 12th, General Negrier sent forward a strong detachment of marine fusiliers and tirailleurs to Lai-cau, but they were too late to cut off the retreat of the evacuating force, as the last straggling bands of the Chinese army were seen crossing the bridge over the Song-cau as the French troops advanced.\n\nThe greater part of them had, however, left the citadel twenty-four hours before the arrival of General Negrier's force.\n\nPage 477",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 325825,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-216 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 414,
        "title": "CO129-216 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "Of other valuable vegetable products there is lack. Gutta is found in abundance in the hills. So are a great variety of resinous trees, more particularly that from which the Tonquinese obtain the oil which they use for their lacquer ware, which is in no way inferior to that of Japan or Burmah. There is also a low tree which grows abundantly along the banks of the more upland streams, the fruit of which distils an oil which, it is claimed, renders timber secure alike against the attacks of water and insects.\n\nStar Anis, a valuable essential oil used in perfumery, distilled from the fruit of a tree of the Magnoliaceæ species, is also found in quantities in the northern provinces. A number of other aromatic trees and shrubs have also been seen by experts.\n\nTimber of all kinds is very abundant in the hills north of Thai-Nguyen and Hung-hoa and to the west in the provinces of Mi-Duc and elsewhere. Rose wood, ebony, iron wood, sapan and sandal are among the more valuable varieties. I do not remember seeing the teak tree in any part of the country.\n\nThe mineral products of the country as enumerated by MM. Dupuis, Remaset, du Cailly and others comprise a simple list of all the metals to be found in the table of contents of a work on mineralogy. As yet, however, the French have come upon none of the mines said to exist. They are all in the hill country beyond the delta. The expedition in the end of April to the western hills failed to discover anything of importance. There seems, however, little doubt that gold is to be found in considerable quantities at various places in the Rivière Claire basin and on the Red River, a little below Laokai. The month of October will no doubt show how far M. Dupuis's enthusiastic accounts were justified. It is greatly to be feared, however, that all the mining business will be reserved by the French Government for concessions to favoured individuals or companies. There is considerable irritation in Tonquin just now at the presence there of a mining explorer who is a near relative of the head of the French Cabinet. Notwithstanding his kinship he is not a Frenchman - only a Swiss.\n\nIn the villages on the Bacninh-Thai-Nguyen road there are several iron and copper foundries of a primitive kind. The mines whence the ore is drawn were, however, not found. Next year no doubt will see a good many discoveries in this line.\n\nIt seems, however, probable that the coal mines at Hong-gai in the north of Halong Bay will very shortly be regularly worked. Coal has been brought from this place in a fitful kind of way for a good many years now, and it is said to be of very fair quality. It is extremely easily worked and there is eight feet of water up to the very place where the seam crops out, the seam itself being eight feet thick.\n\nThe silk culture of Tonquin ought to become very important, and there are so many Frenchmen who have a knowledge of at least the most essential things to be observed in the industry that it ought to develop very rapidly. The larvæ are at present fed on a species of mulberry, the morus indica, which grows very readily from shoots, and it is to be seen in huge plantations more particularly in the Nam-Dinh and Ninh-Binh districts. The mulberry tree proper would take up very much less room, and would probably raise finer caterpillars. The Tonquinese have very much to learn in the way of winding the cocoons and other technical matters, even to the weaving of silks likely to be acceptable in Europe. There is, however, little doubt that sericulture will be one of the most important industries of Tonquin.\n\nWith regard to the political state of the country it can scarcely be considered as other than extremely unsatisfactory as yet. The French have already sent off a number of European troops to Madagascar and France, but nevertheless even the most sanguine of them does not pretend that the pacification of the country is any more than begun. There are garrisons of European troops at Haiphong, Hanoi, Sontay, Hung Hoa, Bacninh, Thai Nguyen, Phu-Lang-Thuong (on the Langson road) Haidzuong, The Seven Pagodas, Quang-yen, Nam-Dinh, Ninh Binh, Phuly and Batang, and small posts of a few European or native troops at such places as Elephant Mountain, \"The Bamboo\", Mi-Duc and a few other places. Outside of these it is not safe for a European to go unarmed, and it is almost impossible to get Frenchmen to go even under those circumstances. There are rumours of pirates from everywhere, north, south, east, and west. A band of 6,000 here, as many hundred in another place, and a few score in a third. Doubtless a great deal of this is exaggeration, and when expeditions go out they very seldom come across the marauders. Of genuine pirates there are a few. Ba Bao, their most daring chief, hangs about the mountains to the east of Bac-ninh and north of Haidzuong, and makes occasional raids. It was no doubt a section of his band which gave the \"Zephyrs\" so much trouble a few weeks ago at the \"Grotto Mountain\" not more than eight miles from Haiphong. The Commandant of the regiment received three wounds, and altogether the affair was hardly satisfactory, though the \"Jacobin\" is not mentioned but \"Joyeur\" captured the only gun their opponents had. Nevertheless it appears that the pirates still remain in their caves. Apart from these, however, the \"pirates\" are mere amateurs, distressed peasants, bad characters of all sorts, and the dismissed coolies of the French columns, whom the Turcos and others have taught how to loot in systematic fashion. Amateurs or not, however, Tonquin is not a place to go to for rural seclusion just yet, and probably will not be for the better part of a year. In any case, no arrangements can be made for getting tracts of land yet. The native officials are perfectly willing to sell land and to give the most satisfactory title deeds, but the French Commissioners hang back and say that authorisation must be obtained from the home Government.\n\nTonquin, therefore, though a land of exceeding great promise, is not likely to attract capitalists for a good many months yet. The towns which must necessarily become the most important from their situation, are Hanoi, Nam-Dinh, and Haidzuong. There is a great deal of building going on in the capital just now, and those who saw the town last August would hardly recognise it again. The streets have been widened, and large brick houses are being run up in every direction. On the river front three long jetties have been built in such a way that they will probably all be washed away before October; but for the present they impress the natives with an idea of western superiority and hint at a large trade. Nam-Dinh and Haidzuong are unfortunately very unhealthy and will continue to be so until the elements of a drainage system are introduced. The latter town indeed hardly exists now. Between them the French and the Chinese have almost utterly destroyed what was at one time nearly the finest and probably the wealthiest town in the delta. But from its position it must necessarily rise again from its ruins. It is extremely unfortunate under the circumstances that the French Resident apparently allows the Annamese to build their mud huts in the most eligible situations, and apparently without any regard to plan.\n\nHaiphong still remains a problem. Is it to be... \n\nPage 4133",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-216 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [5-6].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 328718,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 493,
        "title": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "and thus learn to be in \ngood \nhumour with England, and, to a large extent, with each other \n\nI have the honour to be, \nelby Lord, Your Lordship's Most Obedient Humble Servant, \nS.M. Bowen \n\nC \n(1) \n\n## Enclosure \n### The Daily Press \n**HONGKONG, JUN 16TH, 1885** \n## DEATH OF ADMIRAL COURBET \nVice-Admiral Courbet, the Commander-in-Chief of the French fleet in the Far East, died rather suddenly on board his flagship, the Bayard, at Makang, at 11 p.m. on Thursday. The deceased Commander had been very ill with fever some two months ago, but had recovered, and it was only two days before his death that he was again seized with the same malady, to which he rapidly succumbed on this occasion. \n\nThe deceased officer, who was 58 years of age, had spent a very active life in the French naval service. He had been noted for his energy, daring, and his uniform success. At the time he was sent out to this station, during the French conquest of Tonquin, he was regarded by his Government and by the country generally as one of the ablest officers connected with the French Navy, and his death will be felt as a severe loss to the nation. Though very strict in the enforcement of discipline, Admiral Courbet was beloved by the men under his command, and he also possessed their entire confidence. As he was trusted by his subordinates, he was feared by the Chinese, who had a high opinion of his courage and of his abilities, and it is possible that if his death had occurred a month earlier, peace on the present terms would not have been so readily conceded by China. \n\nUntil his appointment in the Tonquin campaign, Admiral Courbet had never held so high and responsible a position, and it may be said that from that time to the end of the long war he never failed in anything he attempted. It \n(2) \nC. O. 431 \n13072 \n`REGT(27 JUL 85)` \nwas under his command that Sontai was captured, which rendered the taking of Bac-ninh and all the rest of the campaign a comparatively easy matter. Though his position as a Naval Officer in command of the military forces in Tonquin was one calculated to cause much jealousy in the army, the gallant Admiral was regarded by the troops there with no other feelings than those of respect and confidence. When he left the command there in other hands and resumed his legitimate sphere of action, he was next heard of in the River Min, where he accomplished a very great success with practically no loss to the French. At Kelung he was not able to do a great deal, owing to the inadequacy of his forces, but he captured the town itself against heavy odds, and not only held it against an ever-increasing and most active enemy, but by subsequent victories improved and enlarged his positions. For the safety of the troops there he was obliged to keep a large portion of his fleet off the town, and those who know the unsheltered nature of the roadstead and the nature of the weather there will agree in thinking him most fortunate in suffering no casualty to his ships. The attack on Tam-sui was not under his command; possibly if it had been it would have been managed differently, with perhaps a different result, or perhaps had he been there the attempt would not have been made. Admiral Courbet's next success was the sinking of two Chinese men-of-war at Shipu, and his last achievement was the silencing of the Chinese fortifications at Makung and the capture of the Pescadores, which was done with but very slight loss to the French. \n\nIt is to be regretted that after so much good service Admiral Courbet should not have been able to return home to enjoy his honours, but should have fallen a victim to disease at the scene of his latest success.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 368754,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 575,
        "title": "CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "# 557 \n## Introductory\n508 \nBhamo to Tali-Fu. \n21 \nYunnan, and be recommends that it should be connected by railway with Bhamo. Mr. Turner says that it is conveniently reached from Myitkyina, Bhamo, and Namkham, and that Tibetan traders might visit it direct without going to Tali. If it were made a centre for the import of calico, yarns, woollens, and other English goods into Yunnan it would save the Yunnanese eight days' journey to Bhamo. Mr. Turner would prefer Yungchang to Momien. He calls the former the busiest town in Yunnan. It is a manufacturing place, and the centre of important trade routes, running north, south, east, and west.\n\n## Trade Routes\nMr. Colquhoun has very truly said that \"the configuration of Yunnan is such that no single route can reach or tap the whole trade of the province.\" All the possible routes to the capital are long, difficult, and expensive, and each is more or less fitted to feed one part of Yunnan, while other parts remain inaccessible from it. Different sides of the plateau are supplied from the nearest low lands. Ssuchuan sends goods to the somewhat poor regions of north and north-east Yunnan and north Kueichou, Pose to east and central Yunnan and south Kueichou, Tonkin to south and central Yunnan, and Burma to south-west and west Yunnan, probably the most satisfactory portions of the province from a commercial standpoint. The chief routes will be considered in order.\n\n### Burmese Routes\n#### (a.) Bhamo-Tali-Yunnan-Fu\nTrade passes into China from Burma by many routes, but, as mentioned before, the bulk of the trade is conducted by this route, the most direct road to the capital and the Yangtze valley. The fact that a route presenting so many physical obstacles should have been used for centuries is strong evidence of the difficulties of communication between India and China. According to a note on the Venetian map of Frà Mauro (middle 15th century), merchandise was transferred in what is now the Bhamo district in order to pass on to Cathay. Moreover, the travels of Marco Polo show that this, \"the Ambassador's road,\" was the most ancient and frequented way of passage to Tali (Marco Polo's Carajau), Yunnan-Fu (Yachi), and Pekin. By this route Chinese troops and officials kept Burma in suzerainty to the Middle Kingdom. A road, however, that has satisfied the needs of an earlier time may be utterly unable to cope with the exigencies of modern commerce, and a track that is suited to mule caravans and porters may be utterly unfitted for railway construction.\n\nThere is a striking consensus of evidence as to the impracticability from a commercial and financial standpoint of a railway from Bhamo to Tali. Mr. Turner found hardly two consecutive miles of level road between Bhamo and Yunnan-Fu, and Mr. Colquhoun said it was by far the worst road he had traversed since leaving Canton. The distance from Bhamo viá Momien to Tali-Fu is 18 to 20 days, and thence to Yunnan-Fu 12 to 14 days. Mere distances in miles give no conception of the actual time required, still less would they indicate the space a railway would have to cover. The ordinary trade route runs to Momien up the valley of the Taping and its affluent the Nam-ta. This valley, or succession of valleys, containing many thousands of Chinese Shans, may, according to Mr. Lenz, be regarded as the largest and most fertile in Yunnan. The places passed are Myothit, Nampaung, Manwyne, Santa (where the valley is very rich and thickly populated, and whence mule tracks lead north to the jade mines), Nantien, and Meung La. The road is level for 83 miles, while for the remaining 37 miles it runs over hills that are not very difficult. There is an ascent to Momien (5,540 feet), but Captain Davies holds that a railway could be constructed, and, as it would pass through a prosperous district, would probably pay, though no extension beyond Momien would be possible. This route is kept safe from the depredations of the Kachins by Chinese troops, while at Nampaung the British and Chinese telegraph lines are linked up, thus connecting Bhamo with the leading cities of China.\n\nOther routes that should be mentioned are those from Bhamo to Momien vid Mattin and Mongwan. There are four routes from Bhamo to Namkham, and an important route runs thence through Longling to join the main road at Yungchang. Apparently a good deal of trade exists with China through Maing Long, two days west of Momien. There is a route by boat up the Shweli to Momeik, and thence to Meung-mao, where it strikes north to join the Tali road. The road from Myitkyina through Sansi to Momien (120 miles) may become important on the completion of the railway, but it is much more difficult than the present direct route from Bhamo.\n\n### Difficulties of the Bhamo-Tali Route\nThe difficulties of the Bhamo-Tali route really begin at Momien. Between this town and Tali there are from seven to ten almost parallel ranges of mountains (either main or subsidiary chains) running from N.W. to S.E., besides minor ascents and descents. In a space of 150 miles there are six passes of more than 8,000 feet above sea-level, the elevations varying from 3,500 to 4,000 feet above the plain. Moreover, there are three great rivers to be crossed, the Shweli, Salween, and Mekong. The chief ascents on the route are from the valleys, or rather gorges, of these rivers. In going from Bhamo the descent to the Salween is from 6,810 to 2,580 feet, with an abrupt ascent beyond the bridge to 4,880 feet. The zigzags of the rocky mule track leading up from this wild gorge traverse 7 miles. Further, these low-lying ravines are the lurking places of malaria and have for ages been dreaded by the Chinese. Marco Polo said the air in summer was so bad that foreigners attempting this country would die for certain. The poisonous emanations of the Salween are said to decimate the population, but it has been maintained that the insalubrity of this region has been exaggerated, though the reputation it possesses prevents the Chinese from bringing traffic along the route except in the cold months of the year. The term applied to this route by Prince Henry \"a route of ascending penetration\" aptly describes its characteristics, for it has to cross numerous mountain chains with profound intervening river gorges. It seems clear that though mules may traverse such a route, it is impracticable to construct a railway across precipitous ravines or to tunnel or cross many lofty ranges, except at an incalculable outlay of labour and capital which the traffic would never repay. Extraordinary difficulties were encountered in constructing the telegraphs. Baber believed that by an improved system of paving and a better selection of gradients the route might be made convenient enough for transport by mules and coolies, but that it seemed hopeless to think of making it practicable for wheeled carriages.\n\nBeyond Momien the district is comparatively poor and thinly peopled, while great stretches of land are barren and uncultivated or covered with forests. Yungchang is a town with ruined suburbs in a large well-irrigated plain, known as the \"rice-field of Yunnan\" from the fine grain it produces. Opinions differ as to its commercial importance, though the latest, that of Mr. Turner, is favourable. From Yungchang European goods from Bhamo go to Kongma, a prosperous town with a good many Chinese traders. Before reaching Yangpi, Chuting, a ruined town, and Shayang, a large market village, are passed, but the region generally is said to be the least populous in western Yunnan. Yangpi is an important fortress. The fertile Yangpi valley running to the Mekong is thickly peopled throughout. From Hsia-Kwan a road in bad condition runs north to Tali (10 miles), while the route to Yunnan-Fu continues east.\n\n### Tali to Tibet\nTali has an important transit trade with Tibet, exporting mainly tea and importing woollen goods, skins, furs, and jewels. One day north of Tali is Ninchieh, a plain with numerous villages. Prince Henry says generally that the regions north are ill-suited for trade, thinly peopled, and of little commercial interest. The route to Likiang (situated one day from the Chin-sha-kiang or Upper Yangtze, here unnavigable) is not difficult, being reached by a mule track in a few days. M. Bonin speaks of it as a very important point, the market in the direction of Yunnan where all the Tibetan productions are centralised and exchanged with Chinese merchants, its importance being comparable to that of Tatsien-lu in relation to Ssuchuan. Likiang is the natural outlet of produce from the Sangakchouzong country, from Yerkalo, and from the Mekong valley to the south of Yerkalo. Captain Davies thinks a line thither from Tali would meet with no serious difficulties. Likiang is a great breeding place for ponies and mules. Still farther north is Atentzu (10,725 feet), a Customs station, peopled mainly by Chinese, with a considerable business in skins, tea, and musk. Lieutenant Roux calls it an important centre of exchange and the meeting place of routes to Tali, Tsaron, Lassa, Batang, and Tatsien-lu. The trade is conducted by barter by Chinese merchants. A small trade goes on as far as Batang (30 days from Tali).\n\n### Tali to Ssumao\nThis route might become important if a railway were carried from Kunlon Ferry to Tali, as it is the only road from south-west to north-west Yunnan. It is very mountainous, and has many traces of the rebellion and plague. In going from Tali a pass of 9,300 feet must be crossed.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 368760,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 581,
        "title": "CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "# 1 of C 37\n\n## South Yunnan route. Nanning to Kueiyang-Fu.\n\nThe journey from Nanning to Kueiyang-Fu follows the West River and involves transit passes. The duration by boat is 36 days.\n\nThere is no place worth naming in the 220 miles between Nanning and Pose, and the population is sparse towards the borders of Yunnan and Kueichou. Pose is an important entrepôt for trade with Yunnan, the agents being almost invariably Cantonese. It is situated on the Yuchiang at the apex of its two branches, one of which runs north through Kwangsi and the other west into Yunnan. At Pose, on the Yunnan border, the navigation for large boats stops, and goods for Yunnan are forwarded in small boats to Poknay (3 days up and 15 days down stream).\n\nPose is in a narrow damp valley, encased by high hills, and is reputed to be very unhealthy. Poknay (or Pongai) is a busy village, the meeting place of the boat and caravan traffic on this route, and the likin station for goods crossing the Yunnan and Kwangsi boundary. Goods entering Yunnan here pay a tapiao likin (taels 3. 9. 0 per 100 catties), rendering them free from all further likin in Yunnan. Opium is the staple export through Pose from Yunnan and south-west Kueichou, other exports being drugs, musk, and tea.\n\nThe usual, and by far the most important, route to Yunnan-Fu from Pose is through Kwangnan-Fu (18 to 25 days), but there are several other routes used by coolies to evade duties (e.g., viá Tunghai to Tali in 38 days). Kwangnan Fu (4,810 feet), situated in a partially cultivated plain, has a few Cantonese houses engaged in the foreign goods trade, but the local consumption is small. Between Pose and Kwangnan the whole population is Shan.\n\nThe direct route from Pose to Yunnan-Fu runs (21 days) viâ Lopingcheo, and is little used except for the export of opium. Mr. Bourne was prevented from going by this route last year owing to brigandage. It seems to be agreed that a railway from Pose to Yunnan-Fu would be easy, but east Yunnan, which it would traverse, appears to be unfertile and ill-populated.\n\nReference should be made to the route from Pose to Yuanchiang viâ Kaihua, one of the main trade routes of Yunnan, though long and tedious (52 days). The country is difficult, unhealthy in parts, and exposed to brigandage. The route passes at first through poor villages and thinly peopled tracts until near Kaihua, where there is more prosperity, the valley being closely cultivated and studded with villages. (Mapai, three days S.S.W. of Kaihua is said to be an important mart between Tonkin and Yunnan.) Bands of armed traders come from Hongkong through Pakhoi by this route, bringing foreign goods and taking back opium.\n\nNanning to Kueiyang-Fu-Pakhoi supplies foreign goods to a number of towns on this route, though the towns nearer Kueiyang draw part of their supplies from Hankow via the Yuan River. It is stated that a railway could be made without great difficulty, as there is but little change of level until the ascent of the Kueichou plateau. A pass of 4,250 feet is the only serious ascent. There are said to be some fine plains on this route not half cultivated. Towards Kueiyang-Fu opium is the main crop.\n\n## Developments on the West River\n\nThe year 1897 saw the beginning of great developments on the West River. For forty years likin had been levied contrary to treaty, to the great detriment of trade. In January 1897 the Governors of Kwangsi and Kwangtung issued proclamations enjoining strict observance of the regulations for transit passes within their provinces. They declared that, in the case of foreign produce conveyed under transit pass to any place in the interior, there should be no attempt, overt or covert, to make up the likins to which it would otherwise have been liable en route, and that, when foreign goods shall have separated from the pass, the charges thereon shall in no case differ from those levied on goods that have satisfied the ordinary likin in transit.\n\nThe inland 23 per cent. duty is affirmed to be a commutation of the likin leviable in transit. But it appears that the authorities take the transit pass to apply only so long as goods are in foreign hands. When they are transferred to a native a terminal likin is levied in addition. There is thus always a danger of foreign goods being further taxed in the way of lo-ti-shui or destination dues, and fu-shui or prefectural dues, after the transit pass certificate is given up, which means a heavier price for Treaty Ports, up-country consumers to pay.\n\nBy the opening of Wuchow and Samshui (with Kongkun) as Treaty Ports, and of four intermediate calling stations, trade with Kwangsi and the neighbouring provinces, hitherto little accessible to foreign goods, will be developed. Native boats ply regularly from Wuchow to Pose, and the demand of Yunnan for foreign goods should increase considerably.\n\nThe Lyons Mission were not favourably impressed with the prospect of opening up the trade of south-west China by the West River. But taking the rates so far charged on the French line to Lungchow, together with subsidiary charges, the Wuchow route should be much cheaper, and numerous staples, such as opium, aniseed, hides, and leather will probably pass down the river from Pose and Nanning.\n\nBut these two ports should also be opened to trade together with Hsünchow. The complete opening of the West River would be of the greatest value to British trade by giving freer intercourse with the interior, where there are bad roads and no railways. If there were direct traffic to Nanning by steamer for goods under transit passes, goods would not go all round from Hongkong to Yunnan viâ Pakhoi or Tonkin. Mr. Bourne thinks that, with a strict enforcement of transit passes, British goods from Burma and the West River would pass along the ancient channels of trade in Yunnan, and leave but a small area to be supplied by Tonkin.\n\n## 574 YANGTZE ROUTES\n\nAuthorities are unanimous that the Yangtze is, and will always remain, the most important commercial artery of China. It has 2,000 miles of navigable waterway, or 3,000 miles including its tributaries. In its upper reaches and by means of its affluents, it taps Ssuchuan, one of the richest and most populous provinces in the Empire, and also Yunnan and Kueichou.\n\nThe trade of Ssuchuan with the provinces north, south, and west of it must follow for the most part difficult and dangerous mountain paths, so that by the Yangtze alone can its resources be developed. The Yangtze is formed by the junction of the Minkiang and the Chin-sha-kiang, or River of Golden Sand (which flows from Tibet past Batang in the direction of Tali-Fu and then bends N.E. to Ssuchuan).\n\nThe Yangtze was opened to English commerce in 1890 by a supplementary article of the Convention of Chifu, according to which, \"English and other merchandise may freely circulate as far as Chungking after paying entry dues at Shanghai.\" The terminus of navigation is Pingshan, about 25 days up from Chungking.\n\n## Ssuchuan\n\nWestern Ssuchuan consists of mountainous territory with a few patches of plain, little cultivation, and a small population. Eastern Ssuchuan (the Ssuchuan known to commerce) is a comparatively low-lying region surrounded by lofty mountains. The population is large and in parts hopelessly congested. What the total population of the province may be is extremely uncertain, but Consul Litton and M. Brenier, whose estimates are the most recent, place it at about 40 to 45 millions.\n\nThe trading and farming classes are well-to-do, and the people generally are keen and enterprising. But there is much poverty, and the idlers and malcontents occasionally revolt. The number of parasitic officials is extraordinary.\n\nAs to the resources of Ssuchuan, Consul Spence says: \"Ssuchuan is in the variety of its productions, its numerous industries, and the well-being and prosperity of its people, without an equal in the provinces of China.\" Richthofen said: \"There are few regions in China that, if equal areas are compared, can rival the plain of Chengtu-Fu [2,500 square miles] as regards wealth and prosperity, density of population, and productive power, fertility of climate, and perfection of natural irrigation.\"\n\nAccording to Consul Litton's recent report on north Ssuchuan the plain of Chengtu contains 15 distinct cities besides the capital. Chengtu-Fu itself, with a population of over 500,000, is the meeting place of routes from the northern and eastern provinces, from Yunnan and Tibet. It has great commercial houses and numerous important credit houses having correspondents in the provincial and port towns.\n\nIn the plain are numerous villages, and flourishing marts occur at intervals of four or five miles along the many roads that intersect the plain. Among them are Chiang-Kou and Chao-Chia Tu, which are among the chief commercial centres of Ssuchuan. Travelling merchants bring to the markets many foreign goods, such as cotton yarn, long cloth, and woollens.\n\nThe plain, admirably irrigated, is cut up into an extraordinary number of small farms, producing rice, opium, and wheat.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 371749,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-291 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 498,
        "title": "CO129-291 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "4\n\nHall\n\nC. O.\n\n18557\n\nRECU\n\n(3\n\nRed 27 JUN 19\n\n491\n\nNo Date\n\n  \n    Petitioner's Division\n    Petitioners Presented\n    District\n    No. of villages\n  \n  \n    25 9 May\n    Hau Kun Pong & others\n    Sheung U\n    Hau Yeuk\n    1\n  \n  \n    26 11\"\n    Tse King Cheung\n    Kaulung\n    Sha Tin\n    3\n  \n  \n    27 11\"\n    Lau & others\n    Sha Tau\n    Hapo\n    B Kok\n    \n  \n  \n    28 11\"\n    Tang Wing Leung\n    Sheung\n    Hau Yeur\n    3\n  \n  \n    29 15*\n    Lai Tak Tai\n    Tap Mun Island\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    30 14\"\n    Tang Lun Fat\n    un Long Pat Heung\n    \n    1\n  \n  \n    31 14\"\n    Ip In Kai\n    Sha Tau\n    Lin Malang| Kok\n    \n  \n  \n    32 16**\n    Lan Takip\n    Kat O Island\n    \n    }\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    25\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Villages already represented\n    319\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    Total\n    244",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-291 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [5-6].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 374858,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-296 - Public Offices & Others - 1899",
        "page_number": 187,
        "title": "CO129-296 - Public Offices & Others - 1899",
        "content_text": "£81\n\nCopy.\n\nSure 3 A\n\n184\n\n.vgor\n\n+\n\n.8[ [inqA 38[3\n\n„ONI YUANJOD HTAHULIET MANTRAZ\n\n.m.q AX-SI da bavtober mergelat gatwellot »d?\n\n„nobrol „blo[idva¥ o* gnoy amok moTE\n\nazenido yd da bevimnos molenetxe mooIwol moldaqusoo moltiaoqqo*\n\naistattro datang bus agitary avse of yiquorte egru,Bimialtto\n\nrodfrut Belim vəzidə vishnued to misvefxe ytio noolwoX motzulsai\n\n*.BUSABI (VAZ .001##69 I3qteqroq otul Basel to nošenavnos\n\n.9281 IIMqA ba89 .m.a II ta beviszen mangoist gatwollot aft\n\n.gobrol,biollðnæ¤ of anoX gnok mo¬%\n\n.egideong avaa asel gnidton prebavod #redtion ed Jamm reviñ tead\"\n\nThe Tung Kiang or Fast River is one of the tributaries which go to make up the network of waterways which converge round the estuary of the Sikiang.\n\nIt falls with the eastern arm of the branch known as the Pearl or Canton River just above the second bar between the Lintin Bay, and Whampoa, after draining a considerable portion of the N.E. section of the Kwantung Province, which is almost entirely under cultivation of the sugar cane.\n\n1.\n\nThere is only one town of any importance on this stream which is insignificant in comparison to the Sikiang or the North River, this being about 100 miles from its mouth.\n\nThe basin of the Tung Kiang is well defined by hills which could be used for the purpose of commanding the surrounding lowland valleys. In this regard the frontier offered by the East River possesses advantages over the existing line of Boundary between Deep Bay and Mirs Bay, where the hills run at right angles to the line of demarcation. The Tung Kiang is not navigable for vessels of heavy draught.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-296 - Public Offices & Others - 1899.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 391140,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "page_number": 101,
        "title": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "content_text": "97\n\n2\n\n\"Tu'an-lien,\" or local volunteers, rose against them, and, in one particular case, surrounded a band which took refuge in a \"chai-tzu\"—one of the walled refuges so common on the hilltops in Western China. Troops then appeared upon the scene, and, although the volunteers were anxious to attack and exterminate the band, the military officials counselled delay, with the result that next morning the troops, to the consternation of the volunteers, occupied the refuge—the band, through the connivance of the military officials, having escaped overnight. The volunteers were naturally very much incensed, and the result was that two of the military officers concerned were brought here and publicly executed, by command of the Viceroy. The theory of Boxer invulnerability was also rudely shaken by the death of one of the leaders, who was shot by the volunteers.\n\nAt an interview which I had with the Viceroy on the 7th instant, his Excellency assured me that there was no longer any disorder in the province, and that he had taken measures to prevent a recrudescence of the trouble. He had divided up each place into wards of ten families, with a superintending Headman, who is held responsible for the good behaviour of the other nine houses; and that it was his intention to remove all ineffective officials and replace them by men of energy and ability. He said that one of the great sources of disorder was the constant changing of officials, who, owing to their short tenure of office, were necessarily ignorant of what was taking place within their jurisdictions; and that it was his intention, as long as he remained in Szechuan, to keep his subordinates at their posts until they failed in their duty. His Excellency impressed me as being a man who is anxious to do his best for his province, and frankly told me that he is liked by the people but hated by the officials. He made the same remark in the presence of fifteen officials when I dined with him on the 14th instant.\n\nDuring the interview, I took the opportunity of referring to the statements in the foreign press regarding impending trouble in Kansu and Shensi, but his Excellency ridiculed the idea, saying that they were idle rumours, that he knew Tung Fu-hsiang well, and that he had no fear of any trouble in that quarter. He seemed sincere, and advised me, when I heard any rumours of the sort, to come to him, and he would soon tell me whether they were true or false.\n\nIt may be an exaggeration to say that his Excellency is hated by all his subordinates, but he has undoubtedly very bitter foes in the French, who find in him a man whom they are unable to coerce. I understand that the French Mission have lodged a demand for an indemnity of 2,200,000 taels, of which 2,000,000 taels are for the destruction of Mission property and 200,000 taels are for the lives of 2,000 converts alleged to have been massacred last year. The French Bishop demands payment by the Viceroy, whereas the latter insists that it is a matter for the local authorities to investigate and settle. The French, as I understand the situation, declare that no investigation is necessary, as they have already done so themselves. This is a striking contrast to the American claim of 6,525 taels, which was promptly paid locally.\n\nWith part of the proceeds of their last indemnity of 3,000,000 taels, the French missionaries are building hospitals at their chief centres in Szechuan, and the French Colonial Office is supplying these hospitals with military doctors. French Sisters (five for each hospital) are to act as nurses. A French school for imparting Western learning to Chinese was opened at Chungking on the 13th instant. Some have already arrived.\n\nWhen at Hsü-chou Fu, on my way up from Chungking, I made inquiries as to the alleged wholesale buying of land by the French missionaries at that place. It was stated some time ago in the press that this land which they had acquired was intended for the terminus of a railway from Yunnan into Szechuan; but the whole purchase amounts to only five plots of land (the most valuable costing merely 500 taels), situated at long intervals, for a distance of 22 li, to the west of the Nan-kuang River—a southern tributary of the Yang-tsze. The south bank of the Yang-tsze opposite Hsü-chou Fu (or \"Sui Fu,\" as it is called locally) is the only available land suitable for building purposes in the neighbourhood of the city, and the plots were bought in anticipation of Hsu-chou Fu being made an open port by the Commercial Treaty of last year, and as a purely commercial speculation.\n\nFour officers belonging to the French gun-boat \"Olry,\" now at Chungking, are at present engaged on a survey of the Yang-tsze from Ichang to Hsü-chou Fu. They commenced at Wan Hsien towards the end of December, and two are working down and two up-river.\n\nThe Japanese are exceedingly active in Western China, and even in Thibet. Chungking, Hat-chou Fu, and Chengtu.\n\nLast year, a Mr. N. Narita succeeded in reaching Lhassa from the Indian side. He went disguised as a Chinese merchant and had only one Chinese companion. His presence was known to the Chinese Imperial Resident, or Amban, who, I am informed, received the traveller as a guest and was good enough to show him all over the city during his twenty days' stay in the capital. He was so unfortunate as to lose his camera, but was able to make drawings of all he required. He returned by way of India, and is now in Japan planning a second journey into Thibet.\n\nCaptain Idogawa, a Japanese Military Intelligence Officer, resident at Chungking, started with three other Japanese on the 2nd instant, with the intention of making a journey through Yunnan to Bhamo. He travels up the Yang-tsze and proposes to do the land part of the journey on foot, passing south through northern Yünnan to Yunnan Fu, and thence west by way of Tali Fu. He will return by a different route through Yunnan, and cross Kueichou on his way back to Chungking.\n\nThe Chinese Military Academy here, which is capable of accommodating 200 students, is completed, and Captain Matsura and two Japanese instructors are ready to commence work. The register is now open in the Academy for the enrolment of students for examination, and the 28th February has been fixed as the date of opening. The Viceroy will himself examine the candidates, and the qualifications called for are respectability, a fair education, a robust constitution, and suitable age. It is distinctly laid down that no opium smoker need present himself.\n\nMr. Tokimaru, the Japanese Consul at Chungking, recently paid a visit of about a month's duration to Chengtu, leaving in the last days of January. The main object of his visit was to try and induce the Viceroy to place the Arsenal here under Japanese management; but his Excellency refused, stating that, although he would have no objection to a Japanese foreman at a wage of about 100 dollars to 120 dollars a-month, the management must remain in Chinese hands.\n\nA German Commercial Mission, although it repudiates that title, is at present here. It is composed of Dr. Betz, Acting German Consul at Ichang, who is also Acting Consul at Chungking; Dr. Delius, German Commercial Attaché, attached to the Shanghae Consulate; and Mr. Landgrav of the firm of Messrs. Carlowitz and Co. These gentlemen, with a train of seventy bearers and porters, and several Chinese assistants, left Ichang in the beginning of December last, and, travelling by the south bank of the Yang-tsze, arrived at Chungking on the last day of the year. They remained a week in Chungking, and left on the 7th January for Chengtu, travelling by way of Ho Chou and the prefectural cities of Shun-ching, Pao-ning, and Tung-ch'uan. They reached the provincial capital on the 30th ultimo, and are leaving for Kuan Hsien and Ya-chou Fu in a couple of days. From Ya-chou, they will descend the Ya and Tung Rivers and return to Ichang by the Min River and the Yang-tsze. They are making a careful study of the commerce and commercial conditions and possibilities of the country through which they pass, and are specially interested in the pushing of German aniline dyes, notably indigo, and in investigating the subject of Chinese medicines. They were present, like myself, at the dinner given by the Viceroy on the 14th instant, the only foreign guest being Dr. Legendre, who is attached to the French Mission Hospital. Dr. Betz has hinted to me that Germany will, in all probability, send a gun-boat to the Upper Yang-tsze during the present year.\n\nIt is reported here that things are not going smoothly with the Chinese in Thibet. There is said to be trouble on the frontier in the neighbourhood of Batang and Litang, and that the Chinese Assistant Resident is returning to China on account of the treatment he has been receiving at the hands of the Thibetans.\n\nAt the same time, missionaries report that, of late, there has been a tendency, hitherto unknown, on the part of Thibetans to become better acquainted with foreigners and their ways, and they hint that Russian intrigue may account for it; but, as yet, I have been unable to discover whether the rumoured Treaty with Russia in regard to Thibet has any foundation in fact.\n\nUp to January of the present year, the French had three mining Concessions in Szechuan:—\n\n1. For coal and iron in the districts and department of Kuan Hsien, Wei-yüan Hsien, Chien-wei Hsien, Chi-chiang Hsien, Pa Hsien, and Ho Chou.\n\n2. For the five metals in the department and independent sub-Prefecture of Tien-ch'üan Chou and Mou-kung Ting.\n\n3. The exclusive right to prospect for petroleum in the districts of Wan Hsien and Pa Hsien, or any other two districts throughout the whole of the Province of Szechuan, exclusive of Fu-shun Hsien, in which the great brine and petroleum wells of the province are situated.\n\n3",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 395029,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904",
        "page_number": 366,
        "title": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904",
        "content_text": "Page 363\n\n2\n\npredecessor had tampered with transit pass goods, and the Viceroy has given me this as the reason for the latter's dismissal.\n\nIn this connection, I may mention that the Taotai at Chungking has been transferred by telegraph to the Intendancy of Chien-chang, owing, according to Mr. Sly, to a deficit in the li-kin collection; but the Viceroy informs me that the transfer is due to the importance of the new post and to the Taotai's knowledge of military matters.\n\nI had two other complaints from Mr. Litton. He had been informed by Chinese merchants in Yünnan Fu that the export of Indian rupees had been prohibited at Ta-chien-lu, and that they were unable to take away the price of Indian goods carried by them from Tông-yüch. I laid the matter before the Viceroy, and the prohibition was withdrawn so far as the Yunnan merchants were concerned; but the sub-Prefect of Ta-chien-lu complained of the interference with trade caused by the large export of rupees received through Thibet, and I imagine that owing to the low cash value (480) at Ta-chien-lu a lucrative business other than in Indian goods was being done with Yunnan.\n\nMr. Litton also stated that he had heard in a general way that transit passes for Burmese cottons for Chengtu were not being respected here. I brought the matter to the notice of the Viceroy, and informed him that, on receipt of details, I should again address him on the subject. His Excellency promised to make inquiries, and I have heard privately that the officer in charge of the li-kin station at the east gate was fined ten times (570 taels) the amount of an illegal levy and dismissed.\n\nBurmese goods appear to reach Chengtu by way of Yunnan Fu, Tung-ch'uan Fu, and Chao-tung Fu, and on arrival at Hsu-chou Fu (Sui Fu), they are carried to the provincial capital by water.\n\nAnother complaint brought to my notice was the very heavy taxation of Szechuan yellow silk intended for Burma, and the Viceroy has informed me that he has directed the revision and posting of a new Tariff.\n\nAt an interview which I had with the head of the li-kin office here yesterday, I asked him for a copy of the Tariff. He stated that when he took over charge of the li-kin a few months ago he found that each office had simply a manuscript copy of the Tariff, and that the amounts levied differed at each place. He has ordered a new Tariff to be printed for distribution among merchants, and has promised to furnish me with a copy.\n\nWhen his Excellency Ts'ên Ch'un-hsüan was Acting Viceroy he reported to the throne that the net annual amount of li-kin collected throughout the whole province was 400,000 taels.\n\nThe carriage of parcels through the Chinese post office established here has grown enormously, and as the li-kin office at the east gate of the city has been complaining of a serious deficiency in its collection, which it attributes to the parcels post, instructions have been given that li-kin or transit dues shall be levied on the contents of all parcels liable to taxation.\n\nThere is very little reliable news from Thibet. The authorities here profess to know nothing; but I gather from conversation with them that the new Amban has been considerably delayed by want of adequate transport.\n\nOn the 21st ultimo I received a telegram from a British missionary at Ta-chien-lu to the effect that fighting had commenced between the Thibetans and English; but, if this is true, the information must have reached you before it was received at Ta-chien-lu.\n\nThe three German officers referred to in my despatch No. 20 of the 30th November, finding on arrival at Batang on the 5th January that the road to the Brahmaputra was impracticable, proceeded southwards to Yünnan, and Mr. Nichols, the American, whose aim is to reach Lhassa, has also had to go south to A-tun-tzŭ.\n\nI am informed that the Russian, referred to in my despatch No. 19 of the 28th November as being resident in a lamasery at Ta-chien-lu, is a \"Mongol Lama\"—probably a Buriat—who has been there some years. The address of the letter sent to the Russian Consul was in Russian and Chinese.\n\nHis Majesty's Vice-Consul at Chungking has, he informs me, forwarded to you copies of his despatches addressed to me on the 22nd and 29th ultimo; but I may state that the Japanese mining engineer referred to therein is a Mr. Yamada, a professor of geology, who has been travelling in Szechuan for at least a year, and is now on his way back to Japan. He has no connection with the provincial Government, and, so far as I am aware, he is not the representative of any Japanese Company.\n\nSince his arrival here the Viceroy has expressed great dissatisfaction with the work carried on at the Arsenal, and on the 31st January the Director, with three minor officials and twenty young men selected from the Arsenal employés, left Chengtu for the United States.\n\n3\n\nThe Director is to visit the St. Louis Exposition, and thereafter place the young men as apprentices in various workshops, where they will remain for three years before returning to Szechuan. They are each allowed 1,200 taels for travelling expenses, and 500 taels a-year while in America.\n\nNew machinery is to be purchased for the Arsenal, and the Director and officials accompanying him will, after inspecting and pricing the required plant in the United States, proceed to England for the same purpose.\n\nOne of the officials proceeding with the Director, and recently appointed to the Arsenal by the Viceroy, was educated in America, has travelled extensively in England, and speaks English fluently. He expressed to me his preference for English machinery, but added that the price would probably decide whether it would be of American or English manufacture.\n\nNo steps have yet been taken by the Viceroy to raise capital for the construction of the proposed Chinese railway from Chengtu to Hankow.\n\nAn official \"Gazette\" office has been established here with Government funds. The \"Gazette,\" which will run from thirty-five to forty pages, and contain, in addition to official matters, such as Memorials and Imperial Decrees, information on trade, &c., as well as current news, will be published every ten days. As there will be no issue between the 11th of the twelfth, and the 20th of the first Chinese months, the annual number of \"Gazettes\" will be thirty-two, at the price of 4 dollars.\n\nA font of foreign-cast metal type has been purchased for 2,000 taels.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) ALEX. HOSIE.\n\nPage 363",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 395258,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904",
        "page_number": 595,
        "title": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904",
        "content_text": "[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nFOOCHOW-ORENA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\nNo. 1.\n\n592\n\n[October 3.]\n\nSECTION 1.\n\nConsul-General Wilkinson to the Marquess of Lansdowne.--(Received October 3.)\n\n(No. 9.) My Lord,\n\nYunnan, August 18, 1904.\n\nI HAVE the honour to inclose copy of a despatch which I have to-day addressed to His Majesty's Minister on the expediency of at once securing for British exploitation the concession of a railway from Burmah via Tali to Yünnan-fu.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) W. H. WILKINSON.\n\nInclosure in No. 1.\n\nConsul-General Wilkinson to Sir E. Satow.\n\n(No. 22. Confidential.)\n\nSir,\n\nYünnan-fu, August 18, 1904.\n\nI HAD the honour to receive, on the 13th instant, your telegram No. 16 in reply to my telegram No. 14 of the 29th June.\n\nYou tell me that His Majesty's Government could not authorize the application I had suggested for the concession of a railway from Burmah to Tali and Yunnan-fu because there is no present prospect of capital being forthcoming.\n\nI was aware of the position which His Majesty's Government have generally adopted, not to apply themselves for a Railway or other Concession in a foreign country, but to wait until their offices were requested by British capitalists. At the same time, I felt, and continue to strongly feel, that the present is a case where an exception should be made. To quote from the Memorandum respecting Railways (Inclosure No. 3 in Colonel Manifold's letter to the Foreign Office, copy of which was furnished to me in your despatch No. 4 of the 7th April last):\n\n\"The great importance of the Burmah line rests in the fact of its counter-balancing the French railway from Tonquin. When once the latter is completed, communication between Burmah and the Upper Yang-tsze will be cut off, and there will be a chance of Yunnan becoming practically a French province. A railway from Burmah, if constructed for the present up to Yunnan-fu, would save this.\"\n\nAgain (Major Davies' \"Military Report on Yunnan,\" Part I, p. 90): \"The French are just now (1899) going to begin the construction of a railway up to Yünnan-fu, and they expect to reach there in seven years. Any railway we may make from Burmah to the Yang-tsze must also pass near or through Yünnan-fu. The point is of vital importance to us, as a French occupation of Yunnan-fu would cut off Burmah from the Yang-tsze Valley and thus prevent the construction of a connecting line between India and China.\"\n\nIf we must describe a French railway from Tonquin to Yunnan-fu as a grave obstacle to the connection of India with our sphere of influence on the Upper Yang-tsze, what are we to say of a French railway to Tali? Though the French were to occupy Yunnan-fu, it is possible that we could still develop the old trade route from Burmah through Tali into the Chienchang Valley; but with Tali also under French domination, our sole remaining access from India into Szechuan would be Sarat Chaudra Das' suggested road from Sadiya to Batang, or the still more problematical passage via Lhassa to Tachienlu.\n\nThat the French contemplate an extension of the Laokai-Yunnan-fu Railway westward to Tali has been made evident by the insertion on their official railway maps of an \"embranchement vers Tali.\" Article 11 of their Agreement of the 28th October last gives them the right to construct \"des embranchements se rattachant à la ligne principale.\"\n\nIt is true that such construction cannot, according to the Agreement, be made until after the completion of the main line, and that it is dependent on an 'accord' with the provincial authorities of Yunnan and an 'entente' between the ...\n\n[2216 c-1]\n\n65",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 397943,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 433,
        "title": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "## SOUTH-WEST CHINA\n### CONFIDENTIAL\n\nNo. 1  \n426  \n[March 11]\n\n## SECTION 2\n\n### Sir E. Satow to the Marquess of Lansdowne.--Received March 11.\n\n**(No. 33. Confidential.)**  \nMy Lord,  \nPeking, January 23, 1905,\n\nI HAVE the honour to transmit to your Lordship herewith copy of a despatch which I have received from His Majesty's Consul-General at Chengtu, on the subject of the state of the country and people between Ta-chien-lu and the Thibetan frontier.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nERNEST SATOW.\n\n### (No. 31. Confidential.)\n\nSir,\n\n**(Signed)**\n\n#### Inclosure in No. 1.\n#### Consul-General Hosie to Sir E. Satow.\n\nChengtu, December 21, 1904.\n\nI HAVE the honour to report that during my recent journey to the Thibetan frontier, I became cognizant of several things which appear to me deserving of notice in a separate despatch.\n\nThe most important of these, and one which is particularly obnoxious to the Thibetan inhabitants of Ssuchuan, is the system of Ula or corvée transport which prevails to the west and north of Ta-chien-lu. Along and within a certain distance of the high-roads all Thibetan families are compelled, on the requisition of the Chinese authorities presented through their chief, to supply, in turn, official and other travellers with transport animals, either without any payment whatever or for very inadequate remuneration. It is true that the obligation relieves them from payment of rent, and that the feeding of the animals en route costs nothing, but the owners or others deputed by them to accompany the caravans as drivers are withdrawn, it may be for many days, from their homes and their work, whether pastoral or agricultural. The Imperial and Assistant Imperial Residents for Thibet, for example, pay nothing for transport, contenting themselves with presenting gratuities, which by the time they reach the hands of the drivers are ludicrously inadequate, and lamas are entitled to transport at merely nominal rates, altogether insufficient to meet the expenses of the owners. The result is that the Thibetan inhabitants on and in the neighbourhood of the high-roads are deserting their homes; ruined houses are everywhere common, and land is going out of cultivation.\n\nThe Ming Chêng Ssă or native Chief of Chala, with whom I exchanged friendly visits at Ta-chien-lu, complained to me bitterly of the treatment which he and his people received at the hands of the Chinese authorities. He told me that he is frequently called upon to order his people to provide larger numbers of animals than they can possibly supply; that on such occasions they have to hire from others, with the result that they are always on the verge of poverty; and that he has annually to distribute relief among the more necessitous. I may mention that the Chief of Chala, in spite of valuable presents which I saw made to him by the French Bishop for Thibet, whose head-quarters are at Ta-chien-lu, is on exceedingly friendly terms with British missionaries, with some of whom he has actually sworn brotherhood, explaining that he, like themselves, is a foreigner in China. He has great influence with the Chiefs of Litang and Batang, and was on by no means friendly terms with the ex-Dalai Lama of Thibet, who had even threatened to attack him.\n\nThe power of the lamaseries is far too great. This was especially evident in the State of Litang, where the lamas practically dictate their terms to the Chinese authorities. Some years ago two members of the China Inland Mission travelled as far west as Litang, and on arrival they were told by the lamas that their stay must not exceed two days. They had to go. At the present day the French Catholic...\n\n10\n\n(This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.)\n\nFurther south beyond the range of Consular tours, there are no doubt many more similar independent hill tracts.\n\nAfter over three years' experience, I can assert that while international relations have improved, i.e., while Chinese Kachins have been largely restrained from committing offences against our subjects, the internal condition of the Tengyueh frontier districts has deteriorated rather than improved. The Chinese Kachins have been and are increasing both in numbers and disorderliness. The Shans in the plains at least of Meng Wan and Meng Mao are, on the contrary, decreasing; part of the main Shan Valley of Meng Wan has recently fallen into the hands of the Kachins, who have turned out the Shan cultivators.\n\nThe Yunnan Government seems to be getting feebler and feebler, and what little the Chinese have done on the frontier has not been done proprio motu, but under strong and constant Consular pressure. Not the least attempt has been made to grasp the problem of Kachin administration, nor do the officials appear even to understand my representation that it is a shameful thing that hundreds of square miles of China should be wholly independent of the Chinese Government. \"What can you expect? They are only wild men;\" is the stereotyped reply of the Mandarins. Now, if this is the state of affairs in districts easy of access to Tengyueh and traversed by several frequented trade routes, what in the future is likely to be the condition of those remote districts on the banks of the Irrawaddy (N'Maikha branch) if the shadowy claims of China to any part of them are admitted? I would wish to draw the special attention of His Majesty's Government to the extreme unwisdom of admitting Chinese claims to any territory on our borders, which is inhabited by wild tribes, as proved by our actual experience on the Bhamo frontier.\n\nI doubt, however, if it would be wise to press the Chinese Government to undertake operations to subdue their nominal Kachin subjects. I gather that British officers estimate that a force of 400-500 Ghurkas and a battery of mountain guns would be required. It is out of the question for the West Yunnan officials to put in the field a force anything like equivalent to that. The force would have to be supplied by special arrangements from Yünnan-fu, and the Yünnan-fu Government would oppose a stubborn resistance to anything of the kind. Yet it would be inadvisable for us to make a demand if we were not prepared to insist upon compliance.\n\nIf a Chinese force did get under weigh, it would be in the last degree badly organised and inefficient. The work of subjugating the Kachins would therefore take a long time, during which the whole of the frontier might be in a disturbed condition, which would be contrary to the political and commercial interests of Burmah. During the course of such operations, too, a number of undesirable Kachins might take refuge over the border in British territory, and cause trouble to our officers.\n\nLast, I think it is evident that the Chinese Government is sinking more and more into its dotage. Eventually and gradually, these frontier districts must in the course of nature fall under British control. This process will be made easier if the Chinese are not encouraged to attempt to subdue the Kachins and establish military posts in these hills.\n\nFor these reasons, I am of opinion that so long as we continue to obtain such satisfaction as we have received during the past two seasons, it would be prudent to leave matters as they are, while fully recognising that the present state of things is not wholly satisfactory. I am addressing the Taotai, pointing out in general terms that in no case has punishment been administered in a frontier case to the offenders, and that large tracts continue to be merely nominally part of the Chinese Empire; but I refrain from suggesting any remedy.\n\n#### Inclosure 3 in No. 1.\n#### Rough Sketch of Bhamo-Yunnan Frontier.\n\n[Not printed.]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 397944,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 434,
        "title": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "## 2\n\nMission, although it has a station in Batang, has not yet been able to gain a footing in Litang. I stayed in the yamen of the Commissary, whither the lamas came along with the owners of the animals and dictated the amount I had to pay for transport, and they urged the people to decline to supply horses for the use of my escort. It was only after the Commissary had ordered the instruments of punishment to be brought in that his demand was complied with. The lamaseries, too, are the trade monopolists of this part of the country. There are a few insignificant shops in Litang and Batang, but the food supply of the people is almost entirely in the hands of the lamaseries, which deal only when and on such terms as they please. They are great trade storehouses. The Litang Plain is exceedingly rich in gold, but the lamas will not allow the metal to be exploited. They are also the money-lenders, and gradually acquire control over the land and the people who cultivate it.\n\nTravelling in Chala is perfectly safe; but in the Litang and Batang States brigandage is common, especially in the vicinity of the passes. The northern road to Thibet, by way of Dawo and Dergé, is much safer, for the simple reason that the caravans can insure themselves against attack at the lamaseries, which play the rôle of insurance offices in much the same way as caravans in Manchuria could insure against raids by the Hung-hu-tzu. This explains, to a certain extent, why the trade by the northern road is much greater than by the official road through Litang and Batang. The brigands are said to be young tent-dwellers who hanker after some diversion to relieve the monotony of their pastoral life. At a Thibetan village at which I stayed, a tea caravan was raided overnight two days before my arrival and sixteen animals carried off. I asked the owner what he proposed to do, and whether he had lodged a complaint with the nearest Chinese authority. He replied that unless the animals were recovered by the villagers, who were making a pretence of scouring the country, he had no hope of seeing them again, and that any complaint to the authorities would be fruitless. The latter is perfectly true, for the States of Litang and Batang have each a garrison of only eighty-three soldiers, including the men at the courier stations, scattered throughout the State, and some of these men who usually formed part of my escort from place to place preferred to return to their stations by night in order to avoid being observed and robbed by brigands during the day. In a word, the troops at the disposal of the Chinese authorities are inefficient and altogether inadequate for the protection of the trade with Thibet.\n\nI have, &c.  \n(Signed) **ALEX. HOSIE**\n\n(427)",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 403541,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 450,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "## 20\n\nThe area is uninhabitable for an average distance of 6 to 8 miles from the crest. This range divides all the Kachins (on the Burmah side) from all the Chinese (on the Yunnon side). Further, all the Lisu, with the exception of a few scattered hamlets, and all the Lu Tzu would be on the Chinese side. Moreover, the frontier proposed is already recognized as such by the natives all along the line, even in the case of the Pien Ma people, who, while recognizing themselves as tributary to Teng Keng, still regard the watershed as the frontier between them and China proper.\n\n3. We find that the adoption of any other frontier would be highly detrimental to the interests of Burmah and in the long run scarcely less injurious to China. Chinese territorial claims on the N'Maikha side could not be recognized without forming an enclave where all the discontented, restless, or criminal spirits could find a safe refuge beyond the reach of the British Government. This would greatly increase the expense and difficulty of even a partial administration. Such an enclave would have to be surrounded by a line of forts, maintained at heavy cost. That the Yunnan Government will not, indeed cannot, reduce its tribes to order is not a matter of speculation, but of actual experience, witness the Blamo frontier, where considerable tracts on the China side are under no sort of control and Burmah has to maintain a military police force to an extent which, so far as the British Kachins are concerned, would be wholly unnecessary.\n\nIf Yunnan cannot control these Kachins, who are close to the main trade routes and adjacent to Tengyueh, what likelihood is there that any serious steps would be taken by the Mandarins to establish order in the distant N'Maikha basin, especially when even the pretence of a military force in West Yunnan has been abandoned? This being the case, to recognize their claims would be to involve them in constant difficulties with regard to frontier disputes. What the Chinese really want is precisely what we ought not to concede, namely, that we should save their face by recognizing their claims and they should nevertheless not be put to any expense or trouble in order to control or to police the country claimed; in other words, that we should admit their full rights of sovereignty without expecting them to fulfil any of its duties. The Taotai assures me that the Fu Yi will guarantee the good behaviour of the tribes and that he will guarantee the good behaviour of the Fu Yi; but this does not improve matters; it is simply Bardolph going bail for Falstaff. I should, like the tailor, want better assurance.\n\n4. We suggest that there is now quite sufficient information to enable a frontier to be laid down at Peking or London, and therefore recommend that His Majesty's Government should not consent to dispatch any further parties for inquiry or delimitation, except possibly to lay down boundary pillars when the frontier has been accepted by China. We further recommend that no further discussion with the Chinese as to what the boundary is to be should be entertained after the results of the present inquiry, with the map, have been laid before them. The negotiations, if any, should be confined to the presentation of a draft Convention in which the only matter for discussion is the amount and mode of payment of the compensation to be made by Burmah for Teng Keng's claims; or, in the alternative, if the Chinese refuse to sign such a Convention, to a declaration that the water-divide is the line which we intend to regard as the frontier in future.\n\n5. As regards payment, we suggest that not only the revenue actually obtained by Teng Keng should be considered, but also the value to the Government of Burmah of a speedy settlement. A payment of 500 rupees per annum will, in fact, more than compensate for the discontinuance of present actual receipts, but it will be well worth while to pay 1,000 rupees, or even a few hundreds more, to obtain an immediate acceptance of the line proposed.\n\nWhile the convenience of paying a lump sum to extinguish the claims once and for all may be admitted, it will probably on the whole be preferable to pay an annuity to the Chinese Headmen, which they would receive quamdiu se bene gesserint. If after a settlement had been reached they molested or caused disorder among the people on the N'Maikha side, payment could be withheld, whereas if a lump sum had been paid we should have no further hold over them. Moreover, the Chinese are more likely to be willing to accept an annual payment than a lump sum, as the latter might be regarded as a transaction for the sale of Celestial land. The money could be paid via the Consul and the Taotai to the Chinese Headmen in such proportions as the Taotai might direct, though, as a fact, Teng Keng is the only man who has any claims to a single rupee.\n\n6. We recommend that every effort, by simultaneous and continuous pressure both at Peking and Yunnan, should be made to induce the Chinese Government to accept the watershed frontier.\n\n## 21\n\n7. If they consent to this, there seem no reasons why the Government of Burmah should be in any hurry to administer the country, but it might possibly be advisable to send a small expedition to establish friendly relations with the Lashi Headmen along the Ngaw Chang, Kan Sheng, and Pien Ma Rivers, and to explain to them that henceforth they are not subject to China, and that the Chinese Headmen have no right to molest them.\n\n8. If the Chinese still refuse to abandon their pretensions, then it will be for the Government of Burmah to consider whether the advance of British administration, or at least of control, along the N'Maikha should not be accelerated. The only argument against this (but it is a weighty one) is the expense; on the other hand, it is clear that sooner or later this expense will have to be undertaken. The people at present seem friendly to us on the N'Maikha side, and there appears for the moment to be little danger of Chinese intrigues. It is therefore probable that the sooner the task is taken up, the less expensive it will be. Further, the sooner the country comes under British control, the sooner the question of the frontier will be finally settled and the danger of friction with the Chinese avoided. It may be argued and admitted that the territory in dispute is of no immediate or intrinsic value, and that there is no necessity to take immediate action, or even that graceful concessions may be made to the Chinese in respect of it; it is—\n\n\"a little patch of ground  \nThat hath in it no profit but the name.  \nTo pay  \nfive ducats, five, I would not farm it;  \nNor will it yield to Norway or the Pole  \nA ranker rate should it be sold in fee.\"\n\nThe reply is that, in considering a frontier, attention has to be paid to the possibilities of the distant future, and not merely to the political convenience of the moment. While the territory is intrinsically worthless, it is of much importance in matters of this kind. Graceful concessions in relation to the future administration of a vast tract of country have never helped us with the Chinese; besides, to yield on this point would be to confer on our Celestial friends a damnosa hereditas.\n\nOn the whole, we submit that no time should be lost in taking such action as will place beyond all doubt or possibility of future question the principle that the whole of the basin of the Irrawaddy up to the Salween divide is within the sphere of Indian influence. To secure this, it will not be necessary to touch any of the country west of the N'Maikha, nor on the east of that river, to set up an administration so precise as that which now exists in the Kachin Hills near Bhamo. All that seems to be called for is some improvement of the principal line of communication from the Shi Ngaw River, first to the Chi Pwi, then to the line of the Kan Sheng-Ngaw Chang, and then along the Ngaw Chang, all this country being gradually brought within the sphere of the Civil Officer's tour, and special attention being paid to establishing good relations with the Hparè, Lung Pang, and Pien Ma Headmen, who are nearest to China.\n\nIf these ends could be attained without fighting, there would, perhaps, be no present necessity for establishing a military post, which could not be done without great expense, especially for rationing. The country beyond and to the north of Ngaw Chang, which is inhabited by wild Marus, is so far from any Chinese influences that its administration may probably in any case be indefinitely postponed.\n\nIt is true that past experience among other Kachins goes to show that this tract could not be brought under control without military operations. But I may observe that most of the serious collisions which have occurred in the Kachin country, such as at Sima, Sadôn, and Matang in the early '90's, or at Hparè in 1900, were the immediate outcome of intrigues directed from the Tengyueh yamêns by Chinese officials. Now that so responsible an official as a Taotai is at Tengyueh in charge of frontier affairs, it is less likely that we shall have to anticipate difficulties of that kind; at least the Consular officers now established in Yünnan would probably be able to detect any such conspiracy. For the present, I anticipate nothing of the kind, and that is another reason why the opportunity seems favourable for an advance of British control up the N'Maikha; later on, the Mandarins may begin their old tricks again, for their real character remains ever the same, Naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret. Further, the Kachins now understand better what British control means, and are less likely to resent it, and less likely to listen to the Chinese.\n\n9. If the limit of our control is pushed north, it may be advisable to remember that the upper waters of the N'Maikha are auriferous, perhaps highly auriferous. Until expert opinion has been obtained on the point, it would be well to abstain from granting any extensive concessions in this country.\n\nPage 443  \nPage 450  \nPage 451",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 403615,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 524,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "# SOUTH-WEST CHINA\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n## No. 1\n\n[October 28]\n\n### SECTION 1\n\nActing Consul Litton to the Marquess of Lansdowne.-(Received October 28.)\n\n**(No. 15. Confidential.)**\nMy Lord,\n\nIN continuance of my previous despatch, I have the honour to submit, under flying seal, through the Government of Burmah, copy of a further report on the lama disturbance in North-West Yünnan which I have to-day addressed to Sir Ernest Satow.\n\nTa Li-fu (for Tengyueh), September 10, 1905.\n\nI have, &c.\n(Signed) **G. LITTON**\n\n**(Confidential)**\nSir,\n\n### Inclosure in No. 1\n\nActing Consul Litton to Sir E. Satow.\n\nTa Li-fu (for Tengyueh), September 9, 1905.\n\nREFERRING to my previous reports on the lama revolt in the region of the Upper Mekong, I have the honour to report that I have now had the opportunity of several long conversations with Mr. Forrest and the French missionaries who escaped from Tseku; with several merchants who have business houses at Wei Hsi and Atentse; and with the local officials here who are in constant communication with Wei Hsi.\n\nCause of the Disorders in Thibetan Yünnan-After weighing as carefully as I can the various statements which I have heard, and which agree in the main, it appears to me that the trouble, though serious enough, is of merely local importance; is only quite indirectly connected with recent events in Thibet and at Batang; does not point to any general political movement on the part of the Thibetans; and was directly caused by the misconduct of the Chinese on the spot, and still more by the incompetence and negligence of the Yunnan Viceroy.\n\nIt is no doubt true that, if the British expedition had never gone to Lhassa, the Chinese would never have conceived the idea of converting the Thibetan dependencies of Yunnan and Szechuan into a separate province under ordinary Chinese jurisdiction-a scheme which seems to have greatly occupied their minds. If they had not taken up this idea, the Vice-Amban Feng would not have established himself at Batang last spring; if he had not established himself there, there would have been no rebellion at Batang and no incursion into Yunnan and Atentse by the Batang insurgents; if there had been no such incursion, the Wei Hsi Sub-Prefect and the Chinese troops would not have gone to Atentse in May; and if they had not gone to Atentse, there would have been no revolt in Yünnan and no attack on the Tseku Mission.\n\nThe area of the disturbance at present is bounded by the Mekong-Salween divide on the west, by the Chin Sha, or Upper Yang-tsze, on the east, and extends to about latitude 27° 50', or just north of the Yetehe, on the Mekong, to the south. It is fully confirmed that in April, when there were only thirty Chinese troops at Atentse, the Atentse and Tung Chu Lin lamas and Headmen altogether declined the solicitations of the Batang lamas to join in the revolt. It is also certain that in the Tsarong and Kham districts to the north-west of Tseku, which are under Lhassa, and in Chung Tien to the east of the Chin Sha River, where is the powerful Kuei Hua Ssu lamasery, there has been no rebellious movement; nor have Chinese troops been sent to those districts. Rebellion and disorder occurred only at the time and in the place where Chinese mandarins and Chinese soldiers made their appearance.\n\nAccustomed as I am to the comic-opera appearance of the Imperial forces in Yunnan, I have never witnessed such a ludicrous and disgraceful performance as I have seen during the last few days, which I spent travelling on the same road as the Yung Chang and Tengyueh contingents on the march to Wei Hsi.\n\nPage 517",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 403616,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 525,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "## 518 \n\n2 \n\nThe policy of the Yunnan Government has been to reduce to the lowest point even the pretence of a military force. The few soldiers who existed in West Yunnan declined to leave their homes, and the forces, as finally constituted, were made up of all the beggars, loafers, and \"dead-beats\" off the streets, none of whom had the smallest idea of any sort of discipline, or of even how to fire off a rifle. Straggling anyhow along the road in groups of five or six, laden with pumpkins, corn, and vegetables which they had purloined, these dirty rascals resembled votaries of Ceres rather than of Mars. Proclamations were put out that \"a great army is passing, but not even the chickens need be frightened.\" In point of fact, the chickens all along the route had the liveliest cause for alarm, and if the soldiers slay as many lamas as they have stolen chickens, the rebellion will very speedily be suppressed. The provincial Ti-t'ai, or Commander-in-chief, at Ta Li had only thirty or forty men, most of whom flatly declined to budge, and his Excellency had to start for the wars at the head of a motley crowd or verminous ragamuffins, driven off the streets into his yamên.\n\nThe appearance and behaviour of the detachment, nominally of 500 men sent down from Yunnan-fu, was no better. The original detachment of some 700 men which accompanied the Wei Hsi Sub-Prefect to Atentse in June was well armed with an old type of Mauser; but the missionaries at Tseku report that discipline was conspicuous by its absence, and, as Mr. Forrest puts it, the whole affair became a \"squeezing\" and a looting expedition from the start.\n\nOwing to the practice of seizing transport animals without payment, and of pillaging the bazaars, trade is almost at a standstill, even in this district, while at and near Wei Hsi the inhabitants have fled into the mountains, removing their beasts and stores of grain. Thus famine is threatened in addition to other miseries.\n\nThe total force now collected near Wei Hsi, including the original Atentse detachment, is some 2,500 men. Every one—and no one more vigorously than the Prefect of Ta Li—denounces their total want of discipline, and ascribes to their misconduct the troubles which have taken place. For the scandalous condition of the forces the Governor-General at Yunnan-fu is most certainly responsible, as he had received repeated and ample warning of the approach of trouble from his own officials and from the French missionaries.\n\nWhen the Wei Hsi Sub-Prefect reached Atentse early in May, he began by treacherously beheading the Chief Thibetan of the place. This incident seems to have been far more important than I had previously reported. The executed Headman is said by the French to have been meditating rebellion, but the Chinese traders from Atentse and Wei Hsi declare that this was not true. However this may be, this treacherous execution, though, as it is reported, authorized by a secret warrant from Yunnan-fu, had a most unhappy effect, and was not followed up by vigorous action on the part of the Chinese, who, on the contrary, sat down at Atentse and made no further political move.\n\nThe unfortunate chief who was thus summarily put out of the world was the brother of one of the leading lamas of Atentse, and a relative by marriage of one of the leaders of the Batang sedition. After the execution the Atentse lamas dispersed in various directions to raise their dependents, and stir up the other lamaseries in the neighbourhood. The Chinese seem to have been too busy in extorting money to pay attention to what was going on, or to take measures to keep open their communications. The wife of the murdered Chief took a leading part in fomenting the revolt, which broke out in the middle of July, as soon as the barley harvest had been gathered in. The Chinese troops appear to have made little or no resistance, and were driven in, it is said, with some slaughter, to the little town of Atentse, where they were surrounded and remained cut off for over six weeks, when the bulk of them, together, it is reported, with the Wei Hsi Sub-Prefect, escaped by mountain tracks to Wei Hsi, eight stages to the south. News of their escape only reached Ta Li on the 7th.\n\nIt seems to me that their conduct, or their misconduct, requires more explanation than the Chinese Government is ever likely to get. The insurgent lamas in Yunnan do not probably number more than 4,000 or 5,000.\n\n## Events on the Mekong; murder of Europeans; position of the Li Chiang Prefect\n\nAt the same time that Atentse was surrounded, the roads along the Mekong, between Wei Hsi and the Mission at Tseku, were destroyed. As these roads are but narrow tracks along precipices, in some places carried past the cliffs on brackets of wood, their total destruction was an easy matter.\n\nThe Prefect of Li Chiang, Li Hsing Sheng, who had established himself at Wei Hsi since the departure of his subordinate, the Sub-Prefect of Wei Hsi, for Atentse, \n3 \n\naddressed a series of telegraphic reports to Yünnan-fu, but it now appears that these reports were mainly based on mendacious statements of villagers or frightened refugees. The country north of Yetehe was wholly cut off from about the 18th July to the end of August. The worthy Prefect also spoke of his \"cavalry\" and his \"batteries,\" but there was no cavalry, no battery, no infantry. The Prefect had been solemnly promised a force of 500 well-armed troops from Yunnan-fu in May, and it was on the strength of this that he had sent all his available forces and arms forward to Atentse, but the Viceroy at Yunnan had played him false, and the unlucky Prefect was left almost entirely alone and without support at Wei Hsi till nearly the end of August, and then he was provided, as I have described above, with a rabble consisting of the scum of the thieves and loafers of West Yünnan. Prefect Li is the man on whom the brunt of the responsibility will fall, but he is really far less to blame than the Viceroy, who is guilty of gross negligence and misgovernment, or the Wei Hsi Sub-Prefect, who is guilty of systematic misconduct. The Prefect is an honest man, who has always, during a long and hitherto successful administration of a difficult post, had a definite policy of asserting Chinese authority over the lamas. But he has committed serious errors of judgment. He trusted his superiors at Yunnan-fu, and his subordinates at Wei Hsi, and in both cases was deceived. He greatly overrated the efficiency of his troops and underrated the strength of the lamas and their adherents. None of the French missionaries believe for a moment that Prefect Li would have willingly permitted or abetted the murder of Europeans, and in this opinion I concur.\n\nThe lamas having collected their barley and their dependents, and having cut off the troops at Atentse, proceeded to descend to the Mekong and attack the large French mission station at Tseku. The fathers, deceived by several of the local Headmen, who were secretly in the interests of the lamas, had been lulled into a feeling of false security. A guard of forty soldiers with rifles had been provided, but had been withdrawn to Atentse early in July by the Wei Hsi Sub-Prefect. It was only on the 17th July that the fathers became seriously alarmed, and urged Mr. Forrest, their English guest, to depart. Mr. Forrest refused, and determined to stand by them. All the missionaries except the aged Father Dubernard and Father Bourdonné (who appears quite to have lost his presence of mind at the last) were absent at an out-station when the crisis came. Those two missionaries and Mr. Forrest, with the native Christians, escaped on the night of the 19th, only two or three hours before the lamas appeared and destroyed the mission house.\n\nIf the refugees and made the best use of their legs, as Mr. Forrest urged them to do, they would all have escaped south along the right bank of the Mekong, but they stopped to rest, to cook rice, to weep over the destruction of their homes, to negotiate with treacherous Headmen, and so lost twelve hours of precious time. The country south of Tseku consists of a series of valleys or bays in the hills, each cut off north and south by high sharp ridges, and closed to the west by lofty precipices, and to the east by the roaring flood of the Mekong. The lamas, knowing the mountain tracks, got ahead of the refugees and occupied a ridge, thus hemming them into a valley some 4 miles by 1 to 2 broad. In the rush which followed Mr. Forrest became separated from the rest. His servant bolted, and he was left alone with his rifle and some cartridges. For seven days he was tracked and hunted like a wild beast by the lamas; he had to throw away his boots to prevent being tracked, and with the exception of a few ears of corn, he was entirely without food. The lamas patrolled the crest of the valley with dogs, and lit bonfires at night, which made escape impossible until some of them finally gave up the search, and Mr. Forrest was rescued from his perilous position by the pluck and skill of some Lisu tribesmen. Later he was succoured by the friendly Headman of Yetehe, further down the Mekong. At last he arrived at Wei Hsi, 90 miles south of Tseku, twenty-one days after his flight. The worthy Prefect did all he could to alleviate his sufferings, and supplied him with money, food, clothing, and escort.\n\nPère Dubernard, who seems to have been unwilling to survive the destruction of the Mission, where he had lived for forty years, was, it is reported, brutally murdered and decapitated, while it is said that Père Bourdonné met a like fate, but there is no trustworthy eye-witness of the murder, and the only reason for believing that the fathers are dead is the extreme improbability that they can be alive.\n\nThe bitter hostility of the lamas against the French missionaries is easy of explanation. Directly any disturbance arose in the country, it was certain it would take an anti-missionary direction. The existence of the Mission, the lives led by the missionaries, and the great influence which they had gained in the country-side all...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 403617,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 526,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "## Confidential\n\n4\n\nconstituted a direct challenge to the lamas and the lama system. The antipathy was social, religious, racial, moral, and even financial, for the Mission used to rescue unlucky debtors from the grasp of lama Shylocks, and thus \"bring down the rate of usance here with us in Venice.\"\n\nFor some time before the present rising, the lamas had been unusually quiet, but when a storm had been brewed by Chinese misdoing, it was sure to break over Tseku.\n\nProbable Cause of Events.-It is impossible to say what will happen next; much depends on what happens at Batang. It is reported that the Szechuan Government is acting with vigour, and is severely handling the lamas at Batang. In that case the disturbances in Yünnan will probably subside, as the lamas of Atentse, though numerous, are not an organized force, have no large supply of food, and are receiving no support from Thibet. The immediate danger is not from the few thousand insurgents, but from the rabble of Chinese soldiers at Wei Hsi, where the population has taken to flight; food is at famine prices, and there is little or no transport available to bring up supplies. The country is of extraordinary difficulty, consisting of huge ranges and precipices crossed only by snow-bound passes or by goat-tracks, and of roaring torrents crossed only by single ropes. It is to be feared that it will only remain for the troops to return to their natural predatory avocations, and “with boisterous sword enforce a thievish living on the common road.” If they get pillaging across the Yang-tsze into Chung Tien they will infallibly raise that country and its powerful lamas, whom the prudence of the Chung Tien Sub-Prefect has up to the present kept quiet.\n\nMisgovernment of the Viceroy. If only the mandarins and their disorderly crew had kept away from Atentse, or if a capable and honest man, with a small and efficient force, had been sent and supported, there would never have been any trouble. But public disorder is the necessary and natural attendant of a Viceroy like the feeble Ting. Since he assumed the government he has had one serious rebellion per annum, and will no doubt keep up his average so long as the Chinese Government is ill-advised enough to continue to trust him in a great post. Yet the province is perfectly easy to govern, and all that is required is that there should be at the head of affairs a hand strong enough to restrain the minor local officials from systematic extortion and wrong-doing, and that a small force should be maintained at a few important points, consisting of troops who are fit to do something beyond stealing chickens, smoking opium, and catching lico. Once this not excessive standard of efficiency is reached, public order will maintain itself; by insisting on this we have restored a very fair semblance of order in Chinese territory along the Bhamo frontier, where constant disturbances, the work of official pests of various kinds, used to be the usual condition.\n\nIn a province which is limitrophe with French and British territory over a long and wild frontier, I respectfully submit for consideration that His Majesty's Government have a right to insist that the administration should be conducted with a little more regard to modern requirements. If the French take this opportunity of pressing for a reform in the personnel of the Yunnan Government, I, for one, venture to hope that such a demand will enlist your support. Signs are not wanting even here that the Chinese are alarmed and nervous concerning Thibetan affairs, and the attitude of the Government of India in relation thereto, and it is probable, I venture to submit, that any representations from you on the subject at the present juncture would carry great weight.\n\nMr. Forrest has lost property and money to the value of about 2,000 taels, besides his valuable scientific collections. I am in correspondence with the Consul-General on the subject, as you will probably desire this matter to be dealt with locally in the first instance.\n\nI have, &c.  \n(Signed)  \n**G. LITTON**\n\nConfidential  \n1905.$1\n\n## Page 71905 $1 519\n\nThe Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State, and is directed by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to transmit, to be laid before the Secretary of State for further section ♦ of confidential correspondence, as marked in the margin.\n\nForeign Office,  \nNovember 22, 1905.  \n`8122`",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 406839,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "page_number": 135,
        "title": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "content_text": "[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n# SOUTH-WEST CHINA..\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[2511]\n\nNo. 1.\n\nC.\n\n4680\n\n[January 20.]\n\n## SECTION 1.\n\nRed? Rec 9 FEB 0\n\n132\n\nActing Consul Litton to the Marquess of Lansdowne.—(Received January 20, 1906,)\n\n(No. 17.) My Lord,\n\nTengyueh, December 19. 1905.\n\nIN continuation of my despatches No. 15 of the 9th September and No. 16 of the 1st October last, I have the honour to submit a copy of a further Report (No. 23 of to-day's date) which I have addressed to Sir Ernest Satow, on the subject of the recent lama disturbances in North-west Yünnan.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nG. LITTON.\n\n## Inclosure in No. 1.\n\n(No. 23.) Sir,\n\nActing Consul Litton to Sir E. Satow.\n\nTengyueh, December 19, 1905.\n\nREFERRING to my Reports No. 18 of the 9th September and No. 19 of the 1st October last, I understand that the Consul-General has kept you informed of the progress of events in connection with the suppression of the lama disturbances in North-west Yünnan.\n\nIn the course of my recent journey up the Salween I passed over to the Mekong, which I reached at a point only three stages south of Wei Hsi. I have also received several letters from the French missionaries. I may therefore submit a summary of the information which I have gathered, together with some observations thereon.\n\nThe rebellion collapsed in North-west Yünnan chiefly because it had been so vigorously suppressed in the Batang district of Szechuan. This cut the ground from under the feet of the Yunnan lamas, and left no course open to them except retreat into Thibet. The French Bishop of Tachienlu journeyed in October from Batang to the Yang-tsze frontier near Atentse. He writes that in many districts the lamas, and indeed the whole male Thibetan population, have been practically exterminated. It is further credibly reported that the villagers, as soon as they found that things were going badly for their lama oppressors, turned against them, and in several cases arrested and handed over to the Chinese the rebel leaders.\n\nChang T-tai, the provincial Commander-in-chief, advanced from Wei Hsi to Atentse in October without any fighting, but his troops impartially pillaged the villages of friends and foes alike, while the General himself made no difficulty about granting a free pardon to any one who could pay for it. The only serious military operation was the capture of the important lamasery of Tung-chu-lin (situated between Peng-tzu-la and Atentse, on the Mekong-Yang-tsze divide) by a body of Kwangsi braves under Colonel Elsieh, the newly-appointed Colonel at Wei Hsi. This is a very large and rich lamasery, and its capture seems to have crushed any further resistance on the part of the lamas. The Kwangsi men, though wholly without discipline, are undoubtedly ferocious when there is a chance of plunder, and horrible stories are circulated of how they ripped open their wounded enemies, devoured their hearts and livers, and so forth.\n\nIt is believed that the Yünnan Government has now been brought to see the necessity of inflicting severe punishment on all the lamas and Headmen guilty of murder and outrage. Prefect Li, the former Li Chiang Prefect, now temporarily degraded, has been appointed on a special mission to restore order and negotiate with the French fathers.\n\nThe surviving French priests have now returned to their posts. The country has been pillaged by both lamas and Chinese, otherwise quiet seems to have been restored.\n\nThanks to the prudence of its Sub-Prefect, who absolutely refused to allow Chinese ...\n\n[1838 -1]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 407162,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "page_number": 458,
        "title": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "content_text": "C.O.\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n0.\n\n451\n\nSOUTH-WEST CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[June\n\nREC\n\n23257\n\nSECT 127 JUN 06\n\n[19717]\n\n(No. 10.)\n\nSir,\n\nNo. 1.\n\nConsul-General Wilkinson to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received June 9.)\n\nYunnan-fu. April 24, 1906.\n\nI HAVE the honour to inclose, under telegraphic instructions from Sir E. Satow, copy of a despatch which I have addressed to him reporting the decapitation of a Thibetan by order of a French Roman Catholic missionary.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed)\n\nW. H. WILKINSON,\n\nSir,\n\nInclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nConsul-General Wilkinson to Sir E. Satow.\n\nYunnan-fu, April 24, 1906.\n\nI HAD the honour to receive on the 17th instant your telegram No. 6, inquiring whether there is any truth in the statements of certain Chinese newspapers that a French missionary has been guilty of barbarous acts in Weihsi, including the murder of a Lama,\n\nFrom Père Monbeig, who is still in Yünnan-fu awaiting settlement of the claims of his Mission, I heard the following story :-\n\nPère Vignal, who escaped with Père Bourdonnec last April from the Batang insurgents, more fortunate than his companion (who, as you know, was murdered in the following July near Tseku) succeeded in reaching Tali in safety. In November or December last (Père Monbeig could not remember the exact date) Père Vignal started to return, via Atuntzu, to his post in Szechuan, accompanied by an escort provided by the Chinese local authorities. Before reaching Atuntzu an attempt was made on his life by a Thibetan assassin instigated by the Lamas. The assassin was killed by Père Vignal's guards, as was, a day or so later, a second. Between Atuntzu and the Yünnan-Szechuan frontier Père Vignal came across a Thibetan whom he recognized as one of the leaders of the late \"émeute,\" and who had been denounced as such to the Chinese authorities by his Mission. Although Père Vignal is a young man, a little over 30 years of age, his nerves had been so agitated by the troubles he had undergone, in particular by the last two attempts on his life, that he was unable to act with the calmness and judgment the occasion called for. He ordered the Thibetan to be seized and to be there and then put to death.\n\nTheir common Bishop, Mgr. Giraudet of Tachienlu, Père Monbeig continued, had received the news with great concern, and had, in accordance with the rules of their Church, suspended Père Vignal from the exercise of his priestly functions. Monseigneur felt certain, as did Père Monbeig also, that Père Vignal was non compos mentis. Meanwhile the Yunnan Government had taken the case up, and had made reclamations through the Wai-wu Pu to the French Minister. Père Monbeig believed that instructions had been issued by the latter to the French Consuls in Yunnan Province. There was no blinking the unfortunate fact Père Vignal had exceeded his powers in causing the Thibetan to be put to death. At the same time, if the Yunnan Government had in the first instance done its duty and arrested the man the incident could not have occurred. Before it occurred, moreover, as things happened, Père Vignal had ascertained from the inhabitants that the man was regarded by them as a public nuisance, for whose removal they would be grateful.\n\nThis may be taken to be the case for the defence--a not very strong case, I fear. Such as it is, I reported it to you by telegraph on the 18th instant. I have since, by the courtesy of the Governor-General, been provided with a Memorandum, copy and\n\n[2048 i--1]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 407199,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "page_number": 495,
        "title": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "content_text": "70 oguly Co.\n\nThis Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nSOUTH-WEST CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[20640]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n487\n\n[June 18.]\n\nSECTION 1. C. O.\n\n24601\n\nREC REC 7 JUL 06.\n\nSir E. Satow to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received June 18.)\n\n(No. 202.) Sir,\n\nWITH reference to my despatch No. 113 of the 13th March and telegram No. 75 Peking, May 1, 1906, of the 10th April, I have the honour to inclose copy of a note which I addressed to-day to Prince Ching, in accordance with the instructions conveyed in your telegram No. 86 of the 28th April, on the subject of the Burmah frontier north of latitude 25° 35′.\n\nAs reported in my telegram No. 75 of the 10th April, I again discussed the subject at the Wai-wu Pu on the 9th April with the Grand Secretaries Na-t'ung and Ch'i Hung-chi and his Excellency Lien-fang. I made some geographical explanations of an elementary character to Ch'ü Chung-tang, who was under the impression that the \"Salween flowed south into the Irrawaddy,\" and substituted another draft Article for that submitted in my interview of the 9th March in order to define the boundary more clearly. In the earlier draft I adopted the wording contained in Lord Lansdowne's despatch No. 219 of the 30th September, 1905-\"The watershed between the Irrawaddy and the Salween basins up to the confines of Thibet\"--but as the Shweli belongs to the Irrawaddy system and the starting point at Manung Pum is some distance from the Salween divide, I thought a more extended statement necessary to prevent misunderstanding.\n\nTheir Excellencies said that after consultation with the Viceroy of Yunnan they had come to the conclusion that my proposals were not acceptable. They involved a concession of a large portion of territory which was under Chinese jurisdiction, and this was not a thing which the Viceroy or themselves could lightly agree to.\n\nI argued that the watershed was the natural boundary, and that the claims of the Chinese Government over any territory west of it were of a doubtful character. There were some customary presents or dues which the native Chiefs (“tu-yi\") of Ming-Kuang and Teng-Keng occasionally received, and for these the Indian Government would make suitable monetary compensation.\n\nTheir Excellencies still objected, and made it evident that they had no intention of treating our proposals in a reasonable and practical way. In reply to a categorical question, Chü Chung-tang finally declared that they could not be accepted. I therefore brought the discussion to a close by saying that I should address them a note on the subject.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nERNEST SATOW.\n\nInclosure in No. 1.\n\nSir E. Satow to Prince Ch'ing.\n\nYour Highness,\n\nWITH reference to the correspondence which took place between us at the May 1, 1906. beginning of this year, in which I proposed that the Board of Foreign Affairs should appoint a day for the discussion of the reports furnished by the late Mr. Litton, His Majesty's Acting Consul at Tengyueh, and Taotai Shih on their joint examination of the watershed to the north of Manang Pum, your Highness is aware that, with the object of arriving at an amicable settlement in regard to the frontier between the British and Chinese possessions northwards from that point on the 9th March, and again on the 9th April, I discussed this matter with their Excellencies Na Chung-tang, Ch'a Chung-tang, and Lien-fang. On the latter occasion I submitted to them the draft of a proposed Article in the following form :----\n\nWhereas by the terms of Article IV of the Convention between Great Britain and China of the 1st March, 1894, it was agreed that the settlement and delimitation\n\n[2048 - ·1]\n\n--,- -༥་ --",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 407306,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "page_number": 602,
        "title": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "content_text": "SOUTH-WEST CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL,\n\n[19083]\n\nSir,\n\nNo. 1,\n\nREC\n\n30959-\n\n(Red) 22 AUG 06\n\nForeign Office to India Office.\n\n[June 11.]\n\n-593\n\nSECTION 1.\n\n!\n\nForeign Office, June 11, 1906.\n\nI AM directed by Secretary Sir Edward Grey to inform you that on receipt of your letter of the 23rd ultimo regarding the Burmah-China frontier north of Manang-Pum a telegram on the subject, copy of which is inclosed, was dispatched to His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires at Peking.\n\nA reply, a copy of which is also inclosed, has now been received from Mr. Carnegie, and I am to inform you that, if the Secretary of State for India concurs, Sir E. Grey proposes to approve the suggestion that the communication to the Chinese Government should be deferred until His Majesty's Government are in possession of their views regarding the proposed Tengyueh Railway.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed) F. A. CAMPBELL.\n\n* To Mr. Carnegie, No. 102 (Telegraphic), May 28, 1906. ↑ Mr. Carnegie, No. 121 (Telegraphic), June 4, 1906.\n\n[2048 1-1]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 412636,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 396,
        "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## 2\n\n**Commissioner of Customs**.-Mr. King, the new Commissioner, is unreliable to a degree, pro-Chinese, and retrogressive. He has already succeeded in making himself generally unpopular, both officially and otherwise. Any general advancement of commercial interests or any furtherance of British objects, so long as he remains at Canton, will not be facilitated.\n\n**Canton--Hankow Railway**.-On the reappointment of his Excellency Tsen as Viceroy, the two chief Controllers (one of whom was Wa Ting-fang) resigned. The line is now open for some 13 miles. It has been carefully constructed, and is said to be a marked contrast to the Japanese-built line from Swatow to Chaochow-fu. The first section has a considerable number of bridges, and one cutting was necessitated with a maximum height of about 50 feet and a total length of 1,000 yards. The engagement of two British (Canadian) engineers and one Japanese has already been reported, as of a Norwegian. The more recent engagement of a Swiss makes a total number of eight section engineers, of whom two are Chinese, and His Majesty's Consulate-General is informed that telegraphic application has been made for nine additional Canadians. The salaries of the Canadians now employed are respectively £610 per annum, rising in three years to £750, and £425, increasing in six months to £500. They are both young men, one being 26 and the other 24 years of age.\n\n### 3. Changsha\n\n**Canton-Hankow Railway**.-On the 28th May the Provincial Treasurer and the Hunan Railway Company urged the people of the province in a joint appeal to take up the Company's shares, so that the Hunan section should be proceeded with without further delay. The cost of the line (400 miles) was estimated to be over 30,000,000 dollars. Preference shares to the amount of 6,000,000 dollars (including the money already raised by the Chamber of Commerce) would be offered to the public up to the 4th December. Besides the general dividend, one-fifth of the receipts would be appropriated to these shares. The fact that foreigners were in no way interested in the enterprise was emphasized, and it was added that if a foreign engineer was employed to survey the line, a Chinese engineer would be associated with him. The public were also assured of the certain financial success of the undertaking and the appreciation of the shares.\n\nThe appeal has produced no effect. The official Director and his colleagues are hoping to raise a large part of the capital in Shanghae and the Straits Settlements.\n\n**Protection of Foreigners**. The officials display considerable solicitude for the safety of the foreign residents. Every Mission (as also the Customs residences) has a guard of three or four soldiers posted outside its gates, and every member of the Mission going out-of-doors is followed about by one of the guard. Strangers arriving at Changsha are escorted in the same manner. A certain amount of espionage seems to be included in this attention.\n\n**Liuyang**. Throughout June there were persistent rumours of fresh trouble in the Liuyang district, but His Majesty's Consul does not think that any serious outbreak is threatened. Two hundred soldiers were dispatched from Changsha on the 17th June with two officials specially charged with the arrest of the leading conspirators. The officials reported that the rebels were dismayed by the military preparations and had all dispersed, while official underlings returned from Liuyang state that no rebels had ever been visible.\n\n### 4. Chengtu\n\n**Thibetan Affairs**.-An anonymous letter was published in April in a native newspaper, of which the following are the more important points: The Imperial Residency is situated in Anterior Thibet and is divided into four Departments: (1) the Secretariat, (2) the Thibetan Department, (3) the Chinese Department, (4) the Nepalese Department. There are five Grain Commissariats, two in Anterior Thibet, one in Ulterior Thibet, one on the Szechuan frontier, and one on the Indian frontier near Darjiling (this last named is the most lucrative).\n\n**Native Government**.-In Thibet, the direct Rulers of the people are all Native Chiefs, descendants of officials alone being eligible for office; thus the common people can never become officials, save only lamas and Chinese, who must first shave their heads and enter the priesthood. The writer then remarks on the practice of choosing Rulers from hereditary families, and continues: \"With regard to Chinese suzerainty over Thibet, the Thibetans have clearly manifested their desire to be tributary to China, and their anti-foreign feeling is more pronounced than in any other country. If schools were established and education spread throughout the land and the country divided into provinces, some of the natives might, after careful selection, be employed in the lesser official posts. This would tend to sweep away the distinction between the aristocracy and the plebeians, promote progress, and tend to raise the prestige of the Government.\"\n\n**Military Administration**.-The majority of the Chinese troops formerly stationed in Thibet have either married native women or have taken to opium and have become enervated and incapable of bearing arms. Unfortunately, the descendants of soldiers alone can enter the ranks. The native Thibetan troops formerly possessed no foreign rifles, but through the energy displayed by the Dalai Lama in initiating reforms, a factory was established, Ghurka gunners engaged, and 2,000 guns manufactured.\n\n**Lamas**.-There are, the writer observes, five large lamaseries, in each of which there are over 7,000 priests and acolytes. In every family, two out of three brothers become lamas.\n\n**Customs Station**. Yatung is distant 80 English miles from Darjiling and 14 from the Grain Commissariat already referred to. This station was opened in 1894 as an observation post on trade between India and Thibet, but so far, no duty has been levied. **Thibetan Currency**.-Thibetan silver is very inferior in quality. The writer fears that unless the reform of the currency is taken in hand, the British a few years after the opening of Gyantse will do it for themselves.\n\n**Nepal**. The Ghurkas are an extremely warlike race and very expert in the use of their knives. Their King, who has recently been on a tour of inspection in British territory, is paying great attention to increasing the strength of his country, and possesses an army of over 100,000 able-bodied troops. The Ghurkas still continue to send tribute to China, but the British are at present doing their utmost to establish close and intimate relations with them, doubtless for some ulterior motive. Nepal is in the position of a buffer to Thibet, and therefore merits particular attention.\n\nThe year before last, the Nepalese King addressed a request to his Excellency Yu, Imperial Resident in Thibet, begging him to select and send to Nepal three or four good professors versed in Chinese learning to instruct his subjects and spread enlightenment among the people of the frontier. It is reported that his Excellency Yu paid no attention to this request. The matter is one well known among those having intercourse with Thibet, and appears to bear the stamp of truth. That Nepal, situated in the very heart of the mountains, should take this step bodes well for Thibet. The latter country, however, is in the toils of the British, and, unless Nepal solves the difficulty, the Ghurkas will be involved in the loss of Thibet.\n\n**Organization of New Territory**.-The following proposals for the administration of the Szechuan-Thibetan frontier appeared in the \"Universal Gazette\" of the 7th May: \"A Japanese paper, under date of the 29th April, 1907, announces that the late Viceroy of Szechuan Hsi Liang and the Imperial Commissioner in charge of the defence of the Szechuan-Yunnan-Thibetan border have recently submitted a joint telegraphic Memorial suggesting six measures of reform in the administration of Thibet, together with proposals for raising the necessary funds. These six measures are as follows:\n\n| Measure | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | The raising of a brigade of modern drilled troops to be stationed along the Szechuan-Thibetan frontier. |\n| 2 | The adoption of comprehensive measures for the working of the numerous mines found in the territory under the rule of the native chieftains. |\n| 3 | The construction of roads for the improvement of communication and the promotion of trade. |\n| 4 | The establishment of schools at Batang. |\n| 5 | The building of a city wall, fortifications, and official residence at Batang; the abolition of the native Rulers, and the appointment of local officials. |\n| 6 | The opening to cultivation of some 3,000 Chinese li of land in the neighbourhood of Batang. |\n\n\"It is estimated that a preliminary sum of 2,000,000 taels will be needed. There will further be an annual expenditure of 3,000,000 taels, to cover which it is proposed to ask for a yearly contribution from other provinces, as is done in the case of Kansu and the new territory. The Government having already decided to allot a sum of 1,000,000 taels from the Board of Revenue, the balance could be supplied from the Chungking, Chinkiang, and Hankow Customs.\n\nTo this Memorial, the Imperial sanction has already been received.\n\nPage 333",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 412763,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 523,
        "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "**AFFAIRS OF CHINA.**\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL.**\n\n520\n\n44/07 November 18.\n\nSpcm 44EC 07\n\n[37963]\n\n**(No. 469.) Sir,**\n\nNo. 1.\n\n**Sir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey,-(Received November 18.)**\n\nPeking, October 1, 1907.\n\nI HAVE the honour to transmit to you herewith a monthly summary, compiled by Mr. Garnett, of events in China which have not been reported in separate despatches.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed) J. N. JORDAN.\n\n## Inclosure in No. 1.\n\n## Monthly Summary of Events in China.\n\n### Chengtu.\n\nTHE Acting British Consul-General reported on the 22nd July that he arranged an interview between Mr. Polhill, of the China Inland Mission, and the Acting Viceroy, before the former left for Tachienlu on the 17th July. The Acting Viceroy received Mr. Polhill in a very friendly manner, and said he had no objection at all to his opening mission stations at Litang and Batang, but he advised him for the present to confine his work to the main roads and not to penetrate into the interior.\n\nA member of the China Inland Mission at Tachienlu writes as follows under date 8th July:\n\n\"There is a good deal of talk here just now about the Roman Catholics who are buying up a number of houses in the city. They have recently bought a row of ten houses, practically a whole street, and are now trying to get hold of five or six inns at the back of this street. The inn people don't want to sell, but they are afraid the Roman Catholics will bring foreign, i.e., French, pressure to bear by referring the case to Chengtu.\n\n\"The Envoy from Nepaul, with about forty men, is here on his way to Peking. He speaks English very well, and is a very pleasant gentleman.\n\n\"Ya Tai, the late Chinese Amban, is now in Litang on his way to Chengtu. He is travelling quite unofficially, being in disgrace.*\n\n\"A Chinese surveyor, who has been eight years in Japan, is now in this district making maps for the Viceroy.\"\n\nWith reference to the inns mentioned in this missionary's letter, they are large Thibetan inns managed by Headmen of the Min Cheng Sau, or native King, for the convenience of Thibetan traders and others. They make no charge for board or lodging, but are allowed a percentage on all trade transactions taking place in their inns. Their title to the property is hereditary; they cannot sell, but are allowed to let on annual leases. If the family owning an inn dies out it reverts to the King, who then bestows it on some other family. There are forty-eight of these inns in Tachienlu.\n\nThere is a good deal of friction just now between the Chinese authorities at Tachienlu and the native King, owing to the former's attempts to restrict his powers and prerogatives. It is just possible that the Roman Catholic Mission, in endeavouring to obtain possession of these Ko-chuangs, is acting with the knowledge and consent of the Chinese officials, who may seize the opportunity to deal a blow at the native King's influence by abolishing the inn system.\n\n### Foochow.\n\nArsenal at Pagoda Anchorage.-The contracts with the French officers in charge of the arsenal will expire this month, and it is not the intention of the authorities to renew... * This is contradicted in another despatch.\n\n[2732-4]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 413032,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 792,
        "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## Hong Kong Valuation: Rate & Exchange\n\nTable (one view)\n\n| Ak | 1 | iv | bayments | 786 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  | the intended Valuation |  |\n\n\"Jolive omitting receipt & by the diy chery. slashing stay hing\"\n\n| more $'s | be Derienes had quis nos pensions | amy jivan prin | wull The traine |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  | J |  |  |\n\nFor whe guns and then y lan; y low Exch 432-4 ferren starting\n\n| bys terhing | 7 Regents taken der Marang of cohom you Chonger be |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  | $ recanvas will be | will be Repbsation in 4's ton given Starting contri |\n\nlow ( By Ligh Low th ( 13\" Fortes y exchang & Fow Ka Starting\n\n| ints $ | prospective pansion | Ladd Herzen verte |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  | * ve confite Crete übertry Comp the harbing | 2 so contributed] |\n|  | in sterling | be substantially |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 415733,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 428,
        "title": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "The summer has been unusually wet throughout the province and much distress caused among the lower classes by floods. The crops, however, do not appear to have suffered, and the harvest, particularly of rice, is a very fair one.\n\nVice-Admiral Sir A. Moore, Commander-in-Chief on the China station arrived at Chungking on His Majesty's ship \"Widgeon\" on the 11th October after five days' steaming through the rapids and gorges from Ichang. He called on the Taotai and Chentai, and his visit seems generally to have created a good impression.\n\nHupei and Hunan.\n\nThe Viceroy Chang Chih Tung, just before leaving Wuchang, decided that the Hupei Railway Office should enter into a two years' contract with a British engineer, Mr. Ross, as executive engineer, with liberty to lend him to the Hunan Railway Company. The contract is to be signed and dated the 5th July, the day of Mr. Ross' arrival at Hankow, as soon as telegraphic instructions to that effect are received from his Excellency from Peking. It is expected that work on the section Changsha Chu-chou Chên will then be undertaken as soon as possible. Assurances have been given to Mr. Consul-General Fraser that Mr. Ross will be given a free hand in Hunan.\n\nFeuds between Sikhs at Hankow are of frequent occurrence. Over the Sikh police the Consul-General now has more or less effective control, but there are numbers of watchmen and unemployed who live in other concessions, in the native town and in other places round Hankow. Mr. Fraser considers their presence in Treaty ports in increasing numbers as a menace to peace and good order in our relations with the Chinese people and their authorities, who regard them all as employés of the British authorities. At the same time it is difficult to see what steps can be taken beyond the issue of the notice inclosed in my despatch No. 414 of the 15th October, 1907, the provisions of which cannot, however, be enforced upon private individuals engaging watchmen nor upon foreign municipalities other than British. The restriction of emigration from India except under proper guarantees and passports would be the only remedy, but there would probably be many difficulties in the way of such a course.\n\nAccording to the Rev. Arnold Foster, a missionary of long experience in Wuchang, the schools started by the late Viceroy are shutting up. The scholars have now to live in inns and pay their own board and lodging. This and the low character and attainments of the Government school teachers has led to repeated complaints of parents and the withdrawal of their children.\n\nIn the Liuyang district of Hunan, on the Kiangsi border, a state of chronic unrest appears to exist, and the local authorities are in constant apprehension of an outbreak. It is said that a military graduate named Chu Yen Sen has enrolled four or five thousand followers with a view to creating trouble when a favourable opportunity occurs, but the Governor of Hunan knows little of their desires and movements.\n\nAnhui.\n\nGreat nervousness in regard to revolutionaries exists among the provincial authorities, and a very close watch is kept on all passengers landing from steamers at the various ports of call; all luggage and coffins are very carefully searched for smuggled arms and ammunition. The cutting off of the queue, which is regarded as an outward sign of revolutionary sympathies, has been expressly prohibited.\n\nMr. Goffe, His Majesty's Consul at Wuhu, reports that the general attitude of the new Governor towards foreigners is hostile and that during his short tenure of office he has made it abundantly clear that foreign interests will receive scant consideration at his hands.\n\nVery little progress has recently been made with the Anhui Railway. The foundation work of a few bridges has been begun and some culverts prepared, but no embankment has yet been started.\n\nKiangsu.\n\nFears have been entertained that there would be a recrudescence in the autumn of the disastrous famine which visited part of this province in the autumn of last and in the spring of this, but His Majesty's Consul at Chinkiang hears that the crops this year are unusually good, so it is to be hoped that these fears will not be realized.\n\nOn the 17th October the first through trains between Shanghae and Chinkiang began to run, and it is not impossible that the whole line from Shanghae to Nanking may be in working order by April next.\n\nPage 37\n\n3\n\nCOAST PROVINCES.\n\nChekiang.\n\nDisturbances, which were suspected to be of an anti-dynastic character, took place in various parts of the province during the latter part of June and July and occasioned the local authorities much anxiety. Quiet was, however, gradually restored, and the unpopular Governor Chang Tseng Yang transferred to Soochow as Governor of Kiangsu. His Excellency was a man of bad temper and harsh character and incurred much hatred by the ruthless manner in which he dealt with the rioters and their adherents. The reforms which he was credited with the desire of inaugurating were never carried out, mainly owing to lack of funds. Although not pro-foreign, he showed himself determined to have no murders of missionaries within his jurisdiction, and never failed to take prompt and effective precautionary measures when applied to.\n\nThe Hangchow section of the railway from Chiang Kan, south of the city, to Hu Shu near the Settlement on the north was opened to goods traffic in July. As passenger cars failed to arrive, goods waggons were fitted with seats and passengers have been carried since the end of August, though the line will not be officially opened until the arrival of the cars from Europe, the date of which is still uncertain. It is estimated that the receipts of the line now average £500 a-month.\n\nThe line is now being extended towards Kashing and embankments have been completed for a distance of some 15 miles to Liu Ping.\n\nFukien.\n\nWork has been begun on the Amoy end of the Amoy-Changchou Railway and a couple of miles of embankment have been completed. The line is a Chinese undertaking, and a Board of Directors was appointed on the 19th August. There has been no public call for tenders, but a British firm, Messrs. Tait and Co., has secured a contract for the supply of picks, shovels, and other tools. On the other hand, a contract for two locomotives has been divided between a Japanese and a German firm, the British firm referred to complaining that they lost the contract, a small one but carrying the promise of others in the future, because of the attitude of their principals in England, who refused to submit specifications, &c., but desired to have these sent to them first. The Directors of the Company do not appear to be conversant with railway matters. On a catalogue of engines being submitted to them they spent some time in admiring the locomotives depicted, but unfortunately they held the book upside down. Rails and rail accessories are to be obtained from the Hangyang Arsenal.\n\nKuangtung.\n\nPakhoi District. The disturbances which took place in this district during the summer have been reported upon in separate despatches. Small outbreaks are still of frequent occurrence, and there seems to be a general feeling of insecurity. Although the officials profess to feel security, Mr. Fletcher, Second Assistant in charge of His Majesty's Consulate, considers that the general position is far from assuring, and that everything seems to point to a serious outbreak growing imminent. The Port of Pakhoi is somewhat isolated, and communications are uncertain, as all telegraph wires pass through the disturbed areas.\n\nThibet.\n\nThe Rev. T. H. Edgar, in letters to the Acting British Consul-General at Chengtu from Litang and Batang, dated the 16th and 28th August, states that he can see no signs of Chinese colonization, nor does he think that such colonization is possible without dispossessing the natives. On the whole he considers that the Thibetans are being well treated by the Chinese, and that they are happier under them than when they were under their own Lamas and native Chiefs. In Batang the utter subjection of the Lamas is very noticeable, but the country does not present the same military appearance as Litang, where there are 1,000 men, and which shows signs of becoming an important military station.\n\nThe unfortunate experiences of an American named Demenil and a German named Dr. Tafel, while travelling in the native States on the Thibetan border, called forth a despatch from the Viceroy of Szechuan to the foreign Consuls, drawing attention to the fact that recent cases had occurred of foreign travellers, unprovided with passports, \n\nPage 425",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 423733,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909",
        "page_number": 337,
        "title": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909",
        "content_text": "## 336\n\nIn the conduct of the college, it is proposed to associate another doctor with Dr. Mazzolani at an annual salary of 9,000 fr. (`3604`). Dr. Vadon, the assistant French hospital doctor, tells me he was offered the post but was forced to decline it owing to the opposition of the senior doctor, Dr. Féray. I hear that the post was also offered to Dr. Dumont, a French railway doctor at Pohsi, but he declined it.\n\nFrench Placard at Mengtse.-A ridiculous incident which has caused the French some loss of face has recently occurred at Mengtse. The acting French consul, M. Bradier, issued a proclamation which was posted not only in the foreign settlement but in the native city of Mengtse and at Milati, a station on the French railway about 12 miles from Mengtse. The proclamation warned all Europeans and Chinese that, owing to fear of rabies, stray dogs would be shot down, regardless of ownership, by the French police. The new taotai worked himself up into a high pitch of excitement, and the Italian consul protested against the French consul having presumed to give orders to Italian subjects. M. Bradier invited the latter to sign the notice jointly, but he declined. The upshot of the affair is that M. Bradier has expressed his regret to the taotai, withdrawn all his notices, and taken no action against stray dogs.\n\nVisit of French Geologists.-The French consul has informed me that a French geological party of four will visit Yünnan in November next. They will divide into two parties, one working east and the other west of the French railway from Laokay to Yunnan-fu.\n\nVisit of French Military Attaché-The French military attaché at Peking is expected here towards the end of the year.\n\nM. Bacot.-M. Bacot, a French traveller (to whom reference was made in my June report), has given up the idea of doing more than proceeding to Batang and thence to Tali-fu, where he is expected at the end of the year.\n\nFrench Site.-The French consular site outside the city has not yet been acquired.\n\nJapanese Spies.-There are a large number of Japanese mistresses of French railway employés and others in Tonquin and Yunnan. It is said that some of these have been sending information to Japan.\n\nFrench Railway-The construction train of the French railway is now at Su-chia-t'ou (kilometre 361). The past summer, especially the months of July, August, and September, has been a trying one for railway construction, owing to the torrential rains. In the lowest (Namti) section (kilometres 1-71), slips occurred to block the traffic for 50 kilom. Tunnel 142 was flooded waist-deep, and mails were buried for some weeks beneath 10,000 cubic metres of débris. At kilometre 98, the upper mountain slope came down upon and obliterated the track. This spot is still impassable for about 100 yards. If the bridge at kilometre 94 had gone, as was feared at one time, I am assured on the best authority that the railway would have been delayed for another year.\n\nBut the bridge stood, and it is now hoped that Yünnan-fu will be officially opened to traffic in March 1910. It was reported that the Chinese merchants would boycott the railway on account of the high rates demanded. There was a good deal of grumbling, but nothing else, until the French railway authorities suddenly announced that, in addition to the surcharges of 10 per cent. (temporarily demanded for exchange compensation) and of 5 per cent. (for difference in touch between the French piastre and the Yunnan dollar), an additional 7 per cent. would be required as further compensation for the difference in the dollar touch. The Chinese merchants thereupon determined to boycott the line, but a commission is now sitting at Mengtse to discuss this question. The commission is composed of the French consul at Mengtse, the commissioner of customs, the taotai, two French railway representatives, and two delegates from Yunnan.\n\nDifference in Dollar Touch.-In connection with this dispute, the Chinese authorities at Yünnan-fu invited the French consul to be present at an assay at the mint of Chinese and French dollars. The latter declined to attend. The result was announced that the touch was identical. I hear, however, on independent authority that the Chinese difference is appreciable, being from 3 to 4 per cent. in favour of the piastre. Merchants of good repute have assured me that they do not object to pay 5 per cent. as the difference in value between the French and Yünnan dollars because they know that the touch of their Yünnan dollar is variable and cannot be depended upon. They refuse to pay, however, the extra 7 per cent. and declare they will revert to mule traffic.\n\nRevenue-The treasurer has told me that the increase in salt li-kin of 4 cash per catty will bring in 100,000 taels (12,000£) annually. Opium li-kin represented officially 300,000 taels annually, although it was known that 1,000,000 taels was collected—the 700,000 taels disappearing into the pockets of the li-kin officers. He feared that salt would not bear further taxation, as its price was already 13 dollars a-picul (2d. a-lb.) at Yünnan-fu, and it was difficult to see how ordinary expenditure could be met, to say nothing of the costly new reform schemes, unless the central Government furnished supplies for Yünnan. He made a few cynical remarks about Chinese railway schemes in Yunnan and told me the railway subscription funds in hand would probably be diverted before long to found a bank.\n\n## (b.) Commercial Summary\n\nPoll Tax-The police taotai has levied a poll tax of 30 cash monthly in order to pay for police expenses and refuges for foundlings. The wages of the Yunnan-fu policeman vary from 300 to 800 cash daily, and the force numbers 110. The annual upkeep is estimated at 10,000 taels (1,215£).\n\nPolice-In the intelligence report for the period ending the 31st December, 1908, it was stated that the police interfere hardly at all with the people. The state of things is changing, and the police have now commenced to run in street brawlers, formerly allowed to exhaust themselves in vituperation for the entertainment of the bystanders.\n\nTea-house Tax-Another tax of 2 cash per tea-pot was levied on the tea-shops under orders of the Literary Chancellor, to form a fund for rescue work among the numerous prostitutes of Yunnan-fu. After the proclamation had been posted, he discovered the difficulty of fixing the number of tea-pots replenished daily, and the tax has now been commuted to a fixed sum per tea-shop.\n\nThe scheme proposes to hire houses for the unfortunate women to live in, where they will be educated and their morals improved. It is hoped that respectable men will be attracted to marry them. No practical measures beyond the collection of the tax have yet been taken.\n\nElectrical Works.-Electrical works at Anning-chou (18 miles west of Yunnan-fu) are contemplated to supply the yamêns and barracks at Yünnan-fu with 6,000 lamps. Tenders were invited from M. Barbage (French) and Herr Esterrer (German). The former exceeded 300,000 taels, and the latter, whose estimate has, I hear, been accepted, was as low as 120,000 taels (14,500£). The Chinese company is composed of local gentry. The superintendent of the Chinese telegraphs in Yünnan—a Dane—tells me he cannot believe that a successful installation can be put up for 120,000 taels.\n\nThe installation put in the Normal College by M. Barbage cost 6,000 dollars (500£) (June intelligence report).\n\nGerman Mining Engineer.-A German engineer, M. Fraulob, visited the Kuo-chiu tin mines near Mengtse and the antimony mines near Kailua. Liu Taotai, who controls the Mining Department, tells me that foreign capital will not be allowed to participate in the development of either of these groups of mines. Two Chinese experts from the tin mines in the Straits Settlements were, he said, at Yunnan-fu and were arranging for the flotation of a Chinese Tin Mining Development Company with a capital of 600,000 taels (73,000£). It was hoped that Chinese living abroad would buy shares.\n\nHo-kou-Large sums have been spent by the provincial Government in laying out Ho-k'ou as a rival commercial settlement to Laokay. It is to be feared that Ho-k'ou will never prove of much account as a trading centre, as direct transport by the French railway into Yünnan will deprive it of its importance even as a transit station, and it has no trade of its own. Kerosene oil and matches may, however, be shipped by junk to Ho-k'ou from Manhao and thence carried by mules, as it is claimed that this method of transport will compare favourably with the present railway rates.\n\nCheap Food.-Food continues to be very cheap, and the promise of a magnificent rice harvest is forcing the price still lower. Best quality rice is selling at 210 taels per 120 catties, or, say, 2 lb. for 1d., and inferior quality is as low as 6 lb. for 1d. The market prices of the more common vegetables have dropped 50 per cent. This is due to the larger extent of land under vegetable cultivation since the poppy has been banned. Pork is about 10 per cent. cheaper than last year. It is generally admitted that foodstuffs have never been so cheap for the last sixteen years, but it is also said that the people are getting poorer now that the opium crop, valued at 38,000,000 taels (4,600,000£), is lost to the province. Another twelve months may show more positive ...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 428180,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 105,
        "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "20\n\n2\n\nhowever much the Central Government may affect to disregard them, and the account received of the above assembly confirms the general impression that the strong local patriotism of these representative bodies will tend to weaken the authority of the Peking Government over the provinces. This authority is none too strong at present, and might well find itself in difficulties should it conflict with, for example, the assembly at Changsha, which, through its leading member, has declared its determination to secure the fullest advantage for Hunan, regardless apparently of the interests of the other provinces or of the Empire. By means of a body called the Political Association, the Hunan parliament has made it clear to the provincial authorities that it intends to be consulted on every question, whether political or municipal, and the Customs Taotai has informed His Majesty's consul that he dare not take any action which might promote foreign interests without the permission of this body, even if the foreign demand be strictly in accordance with treaty provisions. The association has already prevented the settlement of two cases, while the president of the parliament is taking the foremost place in the agitation against the foreign railway loan. There seems therefore reason to fear that, however distasteful in some respects the attitude of the provincial assemblies may prove to the Central Government, the latter may in future find themselves in the happy position of being enabled to produce parliamentary resolutions proving invincible local opposition to claims, however justified by treaty or equity, presented by foreign Governments.\n\nIt should be noted in this connection that the assembly at Nanking is providing for unceasing watchfulness over the action of the executive authorities by the permanent residence in the capital of a committee of twenty-five deputies who will act as a supervisory council when the assembly is not in session. The legation has as yet received no information as to whether any other assemblies have adopted this measure.\n\nEducational.\n\nThe following particulars concerning Tsingtao University may be of interest, as this institution is generally regarded as a successful effort on the part of the Germans towards meeting the wishes of the Chinese Government, and is often quoted with approval as against the scheme of Lord William Cecil to found a university for Chinese on what is described as Oxford and Cambridge lines.\n\nThe great feature of the university, and one on which the Chinese Government particularly insisted, is that religious instruction, of any kind whatever, is strictly prohibited. Chinese influence is further safeguarded by the stipulation which provides for the appointment by the Chinese authorities themselves not only of all Chinese teachers, but also of a Chinese Director of Studies, who is to be independent of the Head of the University. Both the Central Board of Education and the Shantung authorities will inspect the college from time to time, while the former will send a deputy to assist in holding the examinations. Students who, after completing their course, enter a Chinese university, are to receive official rank on the same terms as other students in China, but the degrees conferred by the Tsingtao University do not of themselves entitle the holders to official recognition.\n\nOn the whole it appears that the arrangement is by no means so favourable to the Germans as was at first supposed. The dual control involved by the appointment of an independent Chinese director is an awkward point; but more troublesome still will probably prove to be the stipulation that students who wish to enter official life must undergo the delay and expense of a second university course in China. The German press has raised vigorous protests against this clause, which certainly promises to hamper the institution. In spite, however, of the above concessions to Chinese pride, native opinion is very largely one of suspicion as to the German motives, and the wrong-headed ingenuity of the native press critics finds no difficulty in criticising the best-meant efforts to consider Chinese susceptibilities. Though, for example, native educational establishments have never been remarkable for studying the physical welfare of their pupils, one of the accusations hurled against the Germans is that they have of set purpose given bodily training no very prominent place in the curriculum, with the object of lowering the Chinese national physique.\n\nApart from the efforts of the Germans at Tsingtao, Shantung has for some time past been a scene of enthusiastic educational activity, but the province has lately suffered a keenly felt humiliation in that out of seventy students sent to Peking for examination not a single one qualified. This province therefore may probably not be allowed to send the four students to America, for which purpose a sum of 600,000 taels had been earmarked on behalf of Shantung out of the portion of the Boxer indemnity returned by the United States.\n\nAs regards the students who return to China after finishing their course of study in America, a native newspaper has recently published an attack on this class of young men, who, it states with some justice, are, on the whole, far from fulfilling expectations. They are accused of returning to China either notoriously idle and dissipated or imbued with an unscrupulous greed for dollars. The journal does not add, as well it might, that these students are in many cases characterised by that fatal conceit which proceeds from semi-education.\n\nJudicial.\n\nThe question has been raised both at Newchwang and Tientsin as to the rights of foreign consulates to be represented by an assessor in all mixed cases dealt with by the new tribunals known as Shen Pan Ting. This is no new question as far as the Tientsin court is concerned, where it had to all appearance been satisfactorily settled early in the current year, the British assessor being given a seat on the bench and exercising the right to intervene in the proceedings. The Taotai has recently, however, circularised the Tientsin consular body to the effect that the assessors must in future occupy seats behind the magistrate, and refrain from putting questions to, or receiving statements from, plaintiffs or defendants. In short, the procedure is to revert to what the Taotai, in words which recall the terms employed in Chinese documents when the foreigners were still officially \"barbarians,\" declares to have been the practice at the time the Shen Pan Ting was established, namely, that \"the Chinese magistrate alone carried out the examination and delivered judgment, after which the foreign assessor humbly took his departure.\" This statement can be proved incorrect by the records of His Majesty's consulate-general.\n\nPending settlement of this question cases will have to stand over at the Tientsin court even as in Newchwang, where the consular body have taken the matter up, and where His Majesty's consul still adheres to his attitude, reported in my last summary, of ignoring the Shen Pan Ting, and referring all cases to the Taotai himself for settlement. Judging from all accounts received, the Shen Pan Ting would appear to be, except for a few isolated instances of recovery of debts owing to foreigners by Chinese, a complete failure, according to the European standard of justice. Those tribunals are, however, in some respects a considerable improvement on the old Chinese system. The facts that the public are admitted into the courts and that reports of the decisions are inserted in the press act as a wholesome deterrent against injustice, while press criticisms not infrequently elicit from the magistrates letters of excuse or explanation similar to those which a certain well-known London periodical extorts from the victims of its \"Legal Pillory.\"\n\nAmongst the many improvements which the Government of Shantung are endeavouring to introduce, judicial reform is by no means the least important. It has often been said that the great obstacle to improvements in Chinese administration lies in the fact that in most cases reforms have to be carried into practice by unreformed officials; but in Shantung, at any rate, the governor seems to have realised that the establishment of new law courts ought to be conditional on the existence of a body of officials competent to administer the law and, if possible, uninfluenced by the corrupt traditions of the past. With this principle in view, the work of reorganising the provincial school of jurisprudence has been taken in hand in a manner which, if persisted in, may lead to good results, the axiom—not often considered in Chinese educational establishments—being laid down that only good salaries will attract good professors. It is to be hoped that the influence of the students passed out of this regenerated school will be strong enough to overcome the traditions of Chinese officialdom, and that the new Shantung courts will not share the fate of the Shen Pan Ting at Newchwang, which has already fallen from its original clean standard, and is now becoming notorious for the rapacity of its subordinate officials.\n\nFrontier Affairs.\n\nReports from Batang show that considerable military preparations are being pushed forward in that district, presumably with a view towards the subjection of some of the unruly tribes in the Tibetan marches of Szechuan. Great secrecy is observed by the local officials in regard to the Viceroy's plans, but the Batang\n\n3\n\nFRECO\n\n2765\n\n104",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 428943,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 284,
        "title": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "The definite information that there were, when he left A-tun-tze in March, 1,200 Chinese soldiers in the Zayul country, which lies to the west of the Irawaddy-Salween watershed and in the neighbourhood of the Burmese Shan State of Khamti, troops belonging to the Szechuan army, and are armed with modern rifles; they descended from Batang to Ye-ka-lo, and are reported to have crossed the Salween at Chamutong.\n\nShortly after the flight of the Dalai Lama, despatches reached the officer at A-tun-tze from Batang reporting that 3,000 Russian troops had entered Thibet, and were camped at some distance to the north of Lhassa, but I am unable to offer any opinion as to the accuracy of this information. I learn from other sources that deputies sent out by the Sub-Prefect of Wei-hsi crossed to the Chiu country on the west bank of the Salween, where they collected tribute, during the autumn of 1909; also that two companies of Likiang troops are under orders for the Wei-hsi district. I have sent messengers, one to be stationed on the Salween, the other at A-tun-tze, to the French Fathers along the Mekong to obtain confirmation of the above reports, and I shall not fail to keep you in touch with any further information which may reach me from the direction of the northern frontier.\n\nAs you are aware, the country in the neighbourhood of latitude 28, round the upper waters of the Salween and Mekong, was visited by the late Mr. Litton in September and October of 1904, but no journey in these districts has since been made by a British officer, and I am generally dependent for information on the Fathers of the \"Missions étrangères,\" to whom I am occasionally able to render small services, and who write to me from time to time. They have penetrated into regions which were previously closed to the Chinese, and they find, with little satisfaction, that they are allowed to play the pioneer for the Yunnan authorities. In the event of such incidents as the burning of Tzeku and the murder of the Fathers, the Lamas are declared responsible, and the missions are reported beyond the pale of civilisation. Should their enterprises prove successful, however, the Fathers are speedily followed by the officials and soldiers of Yunnan, who are unequalled in the art of peaceful penetration.\n\nIf we may be guided by the opinion of M. Peronne, there can be no doubt that the Chinese have advanced yet another step in an ambitious policy on their north-western frontier, and it would appear advisable that such steps be taken at the close of the rainy season as will place accurate information at the disposal of His Majesty's Government, and will form a bar to the further advance and establishment of the Chinese in the basin of the Irawaddy.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nARCHIBALD ROSE.\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n\nC O\n\n20141\n\nRECO\n\n282\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[20826]\n\n(Secret.)\n\nNo. 1.\n\nRegd 1 JUL 10\n\n(June 11.)\n\nSECTION 2.\n\nWar Office to Foreign Office.--(Received June 11.)\n\nSir,\n\nWar Office, June 10, 1910.\n\nI am commanded by the Army Council to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 27th ultimo relative to the maintenance of British troops and a legation guard in North China, and to state, for the information of Sir Edward Grey, that, in deference to the strong opinion expressed by His Majesty's Minister at Peking, they are prepared to accept the view that the garrison cannot at present be withdrawn.\n\n2. As, however, the weakness in numbers of the troops renders their position insecure from a military point of view, the council doubt the advisability of reducing the force, as proposed in your letter, by 500 men. It is thought that, for political reasons, a British detachment has to be quartered in a foreign country, it should be strong enough, in the event of its being attacked, to hold out with some chance of success until it could be withdrawn or reinforced.\n\n3. I am to add that the council would be glad to be informed whether it is considered feasible to make the arrangements which were suggested in paragraph 7 of War Office letter of the 27th April for the prompt succour of the garrison by the Japanese Government should emergency arise.\n\nI\n\n&c. R. H. BRADE.\n\n[2788 1-2]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 434133,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 134,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## 132\n\nto meet at Namkham on the 7th January, 1911, and the Yunnan Viceroy has been invited to depute a taotai as his representative. A number of murder cases await trial and discussion, but the lists of ordinary claims are smaller than usual owing to the efficiency and activity of the frontier deputy Chao, who has done excellent work during the summer months. Apart from the Tengkeng-Hpimaw affair, there have been no serious frontier raids.\n\nTampering with Frontier Pillars.--It will be remembered that the Chinese have constantly pressed for the removal of certain of our frontier pillars, alleging that they are wrongly placed and that the frontier should run farther west. They have been informed that His Majesty's Government is unable to enter into any discussion of this question so long after the delimitation of the frontier and the erection of the pillars.\n\nEarly in the autumn, the taotai sent a party to the northern frontier with instructions to destroy pillar No. 38, situated near the extreme north of the delimited boundary, at the top of the Shingaw Valley and immediately south of Manang Pum. The deputies entrusted with the task begged the taotai to put his instructions in writing, doubtless remembering the fate of Mr. Peng, the Yungchang prefect, who was dismissed from office for undue zeal in destroying the pillar in Lungchuan. The taotai refused to record his responsibilities in this way, however, and sent the deputies on their business. The Government of Burmah has since received a report that the pillar was defaced by the party. When the deputies returned to Tengyueh, they presented separate reports; one said that the frontier was wrongly demarcated, that he had been anxious to destroy the pillar in accordance with instructions, but that his colleague had resisted such extreme measures. The taotai was greatly enraged and immediately dismissed the protesting deputy from office. The unfortunate man tells me that they did not actually deface the pillar, and that they merely took a rubbing of the inscription. I am unable, however, to vouch for the accuracy of his statement.\n\nI fear that the Government of Burmah had some misgivings in regard to my attitude towards the destruction of the Lungchuan pillar in the spring, believing that I took too serious a view of a trifling incident. I adhere, however, to my original opinion that it is not safe to allow the least latitude to the Chinese in such a question, and I am convinced that we should have had serious trouble in regard to a number of the pillars during the past year if Mr. Peng's action had been allowed to pass without a serious protest. The subordinate officers on the Chinese side of the frontier unfortunately know that they are sure of support from the higher authorities in any act of aggression which does not bring down a prompt and vigorous rebuff from their Burmah neighbour, and I submit that the greatest watchfulness will be required along the frontier in the near future if we desire to avoid serious trouble and annoyance in connection with the already delimited sections.\n\nUndelimited Frontier.--The imprisonment of my former interpreter has so frightened the people that my sources of information in the direction of the undelimited frontier have now failed. I have certain information, however, that the Chinese propose to continue their administrative work during the coming open season, unless they are forestalled from the direction of Burmah. The officers who were concerned in the expeditions during last spring have all received promotion. The taotai proposed to visit Tengkeng in person this autumn, but his impulsive activity has received several shocks during the last few months, and it is now believed that he will abandon the project of a personal visit to the disputed area.\n\nBurmah Frontier Forts.--I have been obliged to call the attention of the taotai to the fact that the Burmah military posts at Kut-kai, Pankham, Lweje, Laokham, Warapum, Nampang, Alawbum, Šima, Sadon, and Loingu in no way infringe our treaty obligations, and that their erection was provided for by the Burmah Convention of 1894 (article 7) and by clause 2 of the Manni Agreement of 1902.\n\n## Commercial\n\nBhamo-Tengyueh Road.--The most important factor in the commercial situation has been the successful work on the trade-route, which has enabled traffic to proceed during the whole of the summer season in spite of a record rainfall. It will be remembered that for many years our trans-frontier trade has followed a natural mule-track, which becomes so bad in the rains that there is a constant loss of life both to men and animals. A road was made for a third of the distance between Tengyueh and the frontier during the last open season, and a gang of maintenance men has been employed throughout the summer. The reserve fund of the road committee, however, is exhausted, and our income derived from the mule tax is insufficient to carry on the work. I am exceedingly anxious to push forward the road construction during the coming season, in the hope of bringing the road right up to Tengyueh, even if it be but roughly constructed. Mr. Carey, the present commissioner of customs, has given me loyal support in this matter in dealing with our Chinese colleagues, and I feel that the best interests of our trans-frontier trade will be served by laying the foundations of a road whilst conditions are thus favourable. We have approached the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank with a proposal for a loan of about 2,000l., to be guaranteed by the mule tax, but the taotai and the ting do not at all like the idea of a loan and the responsibility attaching to it. I have suggested the abolition of the \"pao shang ying,\" or trade protection levy, which has swallowed up 9,000 taels a-year for the past eight years without any corresponding advantage. I still await the sanction of the Government of Burmah before pressing this unwelcome proposal on the taotai and sub-prefect--who divide most of the funds in their private interest--and I trust that they will support my efforts to ensure the completion of the work on the trade-route. The mule tax now amounts to nearly 50 per cent. of the total customs collection here, and I feel that the time has come to stop the present leakages, to get a road through as soon as possible, and then to remove or to substantially reduce this tax, which is an undue burden on the trans-frontier trade.\n\nImports.--It is interesting to notice that the first three-quarters of the year show an entry of 20,492 piculs of cotton yarn--our main import--as compared with 16,199 piculs during the same period of 1909. The merchants showed much anxiety at the beginning of the year lest this trade should be deflected from the Tengyueh route by the Tonquin-Yunnan-fu Railway. The fact remains, however, that they can still import at a profit, and can actually lay down yarn as far as Yunnan-fu itself at prices which will compete with railway-borne yarn. I can scarcely think that the French railway authorities will allow such an anomaly to continue for long, and it seems only reasonable to suppose that they will eventually lower their rates sufficiently to make the mule rates for thirty-two days' transport from Bhamo to Yunnan-fu prohibitive. In the meanwhile, however, the Tengyueh route holds its own, and, as population is greatly on the increase in Western Yünnan, there seems every prospect that the projected railway from Bhamo will have no difficulty in paying its way.\n\nDrawback Privileges.--Most of the imports into Yunnan coming by the Burmah route are taxed by the customs at Rangoon, but are granted drawbacks of seven-eighths of their import duty when they leave for China. Since the enforcement of the new Indian tariff, however, cigarettes have been withdrawn from the privileged list, with the result that this flourishing trade has dropped entirely from the Burmah route and the markets of Western Yunnan are supplied entirely from Tonquin. American kerosene also obtains no drawback; the import figures for this article show a return of 22,080 gallons as compared with 13,000 for 1909, and there is no doubt that there would be a great opening for this article if the same favourable treatment were accorded by Burmah as by Tonquin. I have represented these facts to the Government of Burmah, and I trust that the Indian Government will see its way to removing present disabilities, as it is of importance that the carrying trade on the Burmah-Yunnan trade-route should receive every encouragement in view of the new competition from the Tonquin railway, and the possibility of a railway from Burmah in the future.\n\nExports: Silk.--A great stimulus has been given to the export trade by the demand for Szechuan silk in Europe. Merchants find that it pays them to send \"huang ssu\" (raw yellow silk), and \"kai-chuang ssu\" (silk specially reeled for the European market), from Szechuan by the Tengyueh route rather than by the Yang-tsze and Shanghai, not entirely because the freights are lower, but because any export cargo assists their exchange business if their produce can be laid down in Rangoon without actual loss. This is an important factor.\n\nTransport Passes.--We find also that it costs 40 taels a picul to cover the li-kin and other native taxes between the producing centres in Szechuan, whereas a transit pass will cover the same amount for the same distance for 2.10 taels. The commissioner of customs therefore issued the first native transit pass ever granted in Tengyueh during last month. The taotai offered the most vigorous resistance, and even tried to find an excuse for imprisoning the bold merchant who thus endeavoured to avoid his duties to the local authorities. The taotai claimed that transit passes were privileges not open to native merchants, but the commissioner pointed out the error of this view.\n\n## 0\n\n## [1810 k―2] \n\n## 0",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 434266,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 267,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## 3 TEB || No. 1.\n\n**India Office to Foreign Office.-(Received December 31.)**\n\nIndia Office, December 30, 1910.\n\nWITH reference to my letter of the 8th December, regarding certain boundary pillars on the Burmal-China frontier, I am directed by the Secretary of State for India to forward, for the information of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, copy of correspondence received from India reporting damage done by the Chinese authorities to a boundary pillar to the south of Manang Bum.\n\nManang Bum is the northernmost point to which the frontier has been delimited, and it will be seen from previous correspondence that between that point and the Namting River the Chinese authorities have during the last year disputed the accuracy of eleven boundary pillars, destroyed one, and defaced another. I am to suggest that His Majesty's Minister at Peking should take a suitable opportunity of adding to his former representations to the Chinese Government a remonstrance in respect of the last case, which illustrates the futility of their demand for a joint delimitation of the frontier north of Manang Bum, since they themselves display such flagrant contempt for the results of joint delimitation south of it.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nR. RITCHIE.\n\n### Enclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\n**Government of Burmah to Government of India.**\n\n(Confidential.)\n\nMaymyo, October 28, 1910.\n\nI AM desired to invite a reference to Mr. Rose's letter of the 1st October, 1910, which formed Enclosure 4 of my demi-official letter to you, dated the 17th October, 1910, relating to the Burmah-China frontier.\n\n2\\. A telegram has been received from the assistant superintendent at Sadon, in the Myitkyina district, to the effect that a Kachin headman has reported to him that a Chinese official from Tengyueh, accompanied by ten Chinese and four Yawyins, visited Pangsengkyet recently, and destroyed the number on boundary pillar No. 38 at the top of the Shingaw Valley. Pangsengkyet is on the delimited frontier south of Manang Bum, and is shown on sheet No. 1 of the survey sheets relating to the northern party, Burmah-China Boundary Commission. It is not clear why the Chinese should have thought fit to interfere with this pillar, and we have enquired from Mr. Rose whether he can give us any information on the subject. It seems possible that the Chinese official was one of the deputies referred to in Mr. Rose's letter of the 1st October above mentioned.\n\n3\\. The assistant superintendent at Sadon has been instructed to make further enquiry, and to ascertain, if possible, whether only the number on the pillar was erased, or whether the pillar itself was demolished or removed.\n\n(Confidential.)\n\n### Enclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\n**Government of Burmah to Government of India.**\n\nMaymyo, November 23, 1910.\n\nI AM desired to invite a reference to my demi-official letter, dated the 28th October, 1910, relating to the reported destruction of the number on a boundary pillar on the Burmah-China frontier.\n\n2\\. I am now to enclose, for the information of the Government of India, a copy of a letter, dated the 21st November, 1910, received from the commissioner, Mandalay division, in which it is reported that the number has been destroyed and the top of the pillar damaged.\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n2\n\naméricain (insistance qui est actuellement l'un des principaux obstacles à la conclusion de l'emprunt de 250 millions), a dû certainement être porté à la connaissance du Gouvernement anglais par son Ministre en Chine. Le Président Taft, dans son message au Congrès du 5 décembre, a, du reste, fait état d'une promesse de la Chine à cet égard. \"Or, un pareil avantage ne saurait se concilier avec les principes d'égalité absolue convenus entre les groupes anglais, français, allemand, et américain pour les emprunts chinois.\n\nLa distinction suggérée entre l'engagement d'un conseiller financier, ou la nomination d'un simple contrôleur des fonds de l'emprunt, ne semble constituer qu'une différence apparente : car l'emprunt doit être affecté en partie à la réforme monétaire (dont il constitue l'amorce), réforme qui engage la réorganisation financière de la Chine, et la personnalité proposée est celle de Mr. Jenks, autour du projet de 1905 sur l'étalon monétaire d'or en Chine. L'importance de la question résulte à la fois de la situation politique et financière inquiétante de l'Empire, qui ne permet pas d'écarter l'hypothèse d'un contrôle futur des finances exercé par les prêteurs ; la nomination du premier contrôleur a donc une portée considérable.\n\nLes Gouvernements européens, donneurs ou garants des emprunts chinois, ne sauraient se désintéresser de la question, au bénéfice des Américains, qui n'ont pas prêté d'argent dans le passé à la Chine et ne paraissent guère plus disposés à le faire aujourd'hui — ce n'est pas un titre à nos yeux d'avoir sollicité des emprunts sans garantie en troublant l'action réfléchie de l'Europe, et l'on ne peut les considérer comme spécialement qualifiés pour contrôler l'argent occidental. La Russie, de son côté, n'a pas manqué de faire à Pékin et Washington cette remarque, en arguant de ses intérêts dans les emprunts antérieurs, et de sa qualité de garante de l'emprunt de 1895. La résistance de la Chine à la demande américaine est une preuve de plus de l'importance de celle-ci, et laissera d'ailleurs, sans doute, aux considérations qui précèdent un caractère théorique.\n\nQuant à l'application d'une partie des fonds de l'emprunt à la Mandchourie, projet qui a soulevé en Russie et au Japon des suspicions légitimes, elle ne paraît pas avoir fait l'objet d'un examen détaillé ni d'un programme arrêté de la part des Chinois et des Américains. Des renseignements que possède mon département, il résulte toutefois que les 50 ou 100 millions qui devaient être affectés à la Mandchourie auraient été vraisemblablement employés à la création d'une banque agricole, au développement des industries locales chinoises, et à des travaux dans le port de Kintchéou.\n\nSans revenir sur les considérations exposées dans les notes verbales adressées en novembre et décembre à l'Ambassade d'Angleterre, M. Pichon souhaite d'apprendre que Sir Edward Grey partage son sentiment sur les inconvénients de tout emprunt chinois conclu en dehors des garanties convenues entre les groupes anglais, français, et allemand.\n\nParis, le 24 décembre, 1910.\n\n**AFFAIRS OF CHINA, CONFIDENTIAL.**\n\n[47134]\n\n{ \n3447 \n[December 31.] \nSECTION 1. \n100 \n\nPage 2\nPage 3",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 434267,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 268,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n2\n\nEnclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nLieutenant-Colonel Strickland to Government of Burmah.\n\nNovember 21, 1910.\n\nI have the honour to report in reply to your telegram dated the 1st November, 1910, that the boundary pillar reported to have been damaged by the Chinese authorities was visited and examined by Mr. Wilson's clerk, in the absence of Mr. Wilson on casual leave. The boundary pillar is No. 38, and it is now reported that the number has been destroyed and the top of the pillar damaged. This boundary pillar is on the delimited north-eastern frontier, being the next one to the south of Manang Bum, which is No. 39. It is difficult to assign a reason for interference with this boundary pillar; it can only be attributed to its being on the high road, and so likely to annoy Chinese authorities, while others are off the main track.\n\n## AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n[83]\n\n3447\n\n£69\n\nof 3 FEB II\n\n[January 2, 1911.]\n\n### SECTION 1.\n\nNo. 1.\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received January 2, 1911.)\n\n**(No. 454. Confidential.)**\n\nSir,\n\nPeking, December 16, 1910.\n\nI have the honour to forward herewith a copy of minutes handed to me by Mr. Hillier, agent of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, of a meeting held on the 13th instant by the Peking representatives of the British, French, German, and American groups who signed the recent agreement in London.\n\nIt will be noted that the first subject of discussion was the Kausu Railway loan, a scheme which was outlined in Mr. Max Müller's despatch No. 393 of the 1st November, and that the four groups propose to participate in any definite agreement which may be ultimately reached.\n\nLord ffrench, who is leaving for London on the 19th instant in connection with the projected Chinchou-Aigun Railway, informs me that his conversations with the Russian Minister have led him to the conclusion that some arrangement is possible at St. Petersburgh. On the other hand, Mr. Straight does not consider that the Russian proposals for a Chinchou-Hailar and Harbin-Aigun Railway as an alternative to the Chinchou-Aigun line are to be taken seriously, and it will be interesting to see on what lines it is proposed to reconcile the conflicting interests.\n\nThe third question discussed was that of the 50,000,000 dollars gold loan which the American group has been negotiating for some two months past with the Chinese Government for the purpose of currency reform. It will be seen that the objections raised by the Chinese to foreign control of the expenditure and to the joint signature of the agreement by the four groups have necessitated a modification of the proposals. Mr. Straight has now proposed to the Chinese Government that a provisional agreement for 50,000,000 dollars gold should be signed forthwith between the American group and the Chinese Government, provided that a satisfactory scheme of currency reform be drawn up within the next twelve months and that an American financial adviser be immediately appointed. For the immediate requirements of Manchuria, the American group will advance 5,000,000 dollars gold against 6 per cent. Treasury bills to be repaid by the Chinese Government out of the proceeds of the loan or otherwise. When the terms of the currency scheme have been satisfactorily arranged by the American group, the other groups will be invited to join in signing a supplementary agreement, which will be in the nature of a final agreement embodying the necessary conditions of control and participation.\n\nI understand from Mr. Straight that the negotiations have been conducted principally with Dr. Chen, a Chinese educated in America, who is a financial expert of high standing and is vice-president of the Taching Bank. He represents Duke Tsai Tse and the Ministry of Finance. It seems that when Prince Tsai Hsun was recently in America, President Taft suggested to his Highness the expediency of securing the services of an American financial adviser. This suggestion was telegraphed to the Regent, who authorised his brother to convey his approval of it to the President. The American group therefore felt justified in making the appointment of an adviser a condition of the loan, and the Chinese appeared at first ready to fall in with this view. Indeed, the American Minister informed me this morning that when the Wai-wu Pu first approached him on the subject of this loan, the Grand Secretary Na Tung had given him an assurance that an American adviser would be appointed to control the expenditure of the money. After the preliminary agreement was concluded, the details had passed into the hands of the financiers. It soon became apparent that objections would be made to the appointment of a financial adviser. The signature of the inter-group and the inter-bank agreements in London had raised suspicions in the minds of the Chinese, which had been further aroused by a representation made by the French Minister to the Wai-wu Pu with regard to the appointment of a French financial adviser. Mr. Calhoun saw Duke Tsai Tse, the Minister of...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 434273,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 274,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "272 \n\n4 \n\nand represent him as impressing on the Honanese the advantages to be derived from the construction of a line from Kaifeng-fu via K'aocheng and Tsaochow-fu to Yenchow-fu in its stead. This last-named place is some 75 miles south of Chinan, in Shantung, and will be on the main line of the Tien-tsin-Pukow railway, which would thus make Tsingtao the outlet for Honan trade.\n\nMacao Delimitation Question.\n\nThis subject made its reappearance in the native press after a long absence in the shape of an article stating that the support given to Portugal by Great Britain on this question was due to the friendship that existed between the two Crowns. It opined that, under existing conditions in Portugal, the whole situation was changed.\n\nFinance.\n\nIn an article appearing in a native paper on the weakness of the country's finances, it is claimed that a saving of 40,000,000 dollars might be effected annually by doing away with superfluous officials and offices.\n\nIt is further rumoured that the Senate contemplate cutting down the army estimates. It will be remembered that when the budget was published these estimates were stated to amount to one-third of the total expenditure, or to over 100,000,000 taels per annum. Retrenchment is being strenuously opposed by the heads of the Army Board and the General Staff.\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n3447\n\n## AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n\n[January 3.]\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n13 FEB 11\n\n### SECTION 1.\n\n[47134/10]\n\n## No. 1.\n\nSir Edward Grey to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nForeign Office, January 3, 1911.\n\n**(No. 1.) (Telegraphic.) R.**\n\nMy telegram No. 157 of 10th December, 1910: Burmah-Yunnan frontier. Report received from India of damage done to a boundary pillar south of Mauang Bum, northernmost point to which frontier has been delimited. Between that point and Nanting River Chinese authorities have during last year disputed accuracy of eleven boundary pillars, destroyed one, and defaced another.\n\nYou might take suitable opportunity of adding to your previous representations a remonstrance in respect of last case, which illustrates futility of demand of Chinese Government for joint delimitation of frontier north of Manang Bum, since they themselves display such flagrant contempt for results of joint delimitation south of it.\n\n`[1850 e-1]`",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 434362,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 363,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[January 30.]\n\n### SECTION 1.\n\n#### No. 1.\n**Memorandum communicated to Mr. Lew Yuk Lin, January 30, 1911.**\n\n## Burmah-Yunnan Frontier\n\n**CONVENTIONS** were concluded in 1894 and 1897 between the British and Chinese Governments for the settlement of this question, and the frontier has been delimited in accordance with the provisions of these conventions with the exception of two sections: (a) the Namting-Nalawt section; and (b) the section north of Manang Pum, or the N'Maikha section.\n\nAs regards the latter, which forms the subject of the note of the 24th instant from the Chinese Minister, owing to the difficulties and delays on their part, the Chinese Government were informed in May 1906 that His Majesty's Government, in the absence of any evidence of effective Chinese administration west of the watershed between the Irrawaddy and the Shweli Rivers, intended to regard that watershed as the boundary of the two empires in the territory north of latitude 25° 35′ north, until the head waters of the Shweli were passed, and that from thence the frontier should follow the watershed between the Irrawaddy and Salween basins up to the confines of Thibet. His Majesty's Government further offered, on behalf of the Government of India, to compensate the native chiefs of Teng-Keng and Ming-Kwang for the customary presents and dues which they had been in the habit of receiving from certain villages on the western side of the proposed boundary. Failing the acceptance of these terms, the Government of Burmah were to be instructed to occupy and administer the country without further negotiations.\n\nNotwithstanding this intimation, the frontier claimed by His Majesty's Government has been violated by Chinese authorities on more than one occasion since 1906, and the recent action of the Teng-Keng chief in raiding a village to the west of the watershed has forced His Majesty's Government to the conclusion that the time has come to carry out the warning conveyed to the Chinese Government in 1906.\n\nThe present tour of a British civil officer with an escort for his personal protection has for its sole object to give effect to the decision intimated to the Chinese Government in 1906.\n\nIn these circumstances His Majesty's Minister at Peking has been instructed to reply to the representations of the Chinese Government to the following effect:\n\nThe country in question was jointly examined by Mr. Litton and Mr. Shih in 1905, and examination revealed nothing to modify the views which had previously been communicated by His Majesty's Government to the Chinese Government, and which were accordingly reaffirmed in Sir E. Satow's note of the 1st May, 1906. The Chinese Government having in four years found nothing more effective to propose than further examination of country already examined, His Majesty's Government have now acted on the intimation made in Sir E. Satow's note. An expedition has gone to Pienma, and the country up to the watershed is now being peaceably administered. It appears to His Majesty's Government to be for the Chinese Government to show cause why this should not be done, and His Majesty's Government are prepared to examine with them at Peking any evidence they may wish to produce in substantiation of claims to dues from particular villages west of the watershed.\n\nForeign Office, January 30, 1911.\n\nPage 361\n12 \n`[1850 gg-1]`",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 434399,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 400,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n## AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n\n### SECTION 3\n\n#### No. 1\n\nSir,\n\nIndia Office to Foreign Office.-(Received January 27.)\n\nWITH reference to correspondence ending with your letter, dated the 25th January, 1911, as to the undemarcated section of the Burmah-China frontier north of Manang Pum, I am directed by the Earl of Crewe to enclose copy of telegraphic correspondence with the Government of India on the subject.\n\nLord Crewe would suggest, for the consideration of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, that the reply to the Chinese Government's representations, as reported in Sir J. Jordan's telegrams Nos. 11 and 19, dated the 15th and 25th January, 1911, should be in the terms proposed in his Lordship's telegram to the Government of India, dated the 16th January, 1911, subject to the modification suggested in the Viceroy's telegram of the 25th instant, viz., the substitution of the words \"claims to dues from particular villages\" for the words \"claims to particular villages.\"\n\nShould Sir E. Grey concur in this view, His Majesty's Minister at Peking might be instructed to address the Chinese Government accordingly.\n\nLord Crewe agrees in the view expressed in the Viceroy's telegram of the 26th instant, but presumably the result of Sir J. Jordan's communication to the Chinese Government will be awaited before the question of opening negotiations with a view to a definite settlement of the frontier is considered.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nR. RITCHIE.\n\n### Enclosure 1 in No. 1\n\nThe Government of India to the Earl of Crewe.\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nJanuary 25, 1911.\n\nPIEN-MA expedition. See your telegram dated the 16th instant. Following reply received from Burmah Government, whom we consulted:--- \"Proposed answer to Chinese Government is generally suitable in lieutenant-governor's opinion, but his Honour would propose as a modification of the last clause the substitution for the words 'claims to particular villages' of the words 'claims to dues from particular villages.' The report by Mr. Litton in 1905 shows that the utmost that could be established was that neighbouring Chinese chiefs levied dues from certain villages; no villages west of the watershed have been effectively administered by the Chinese Government. It is very undesirable, in lieutenant-governor's opinion, that any discussion regarding territorial claims to these villages should be permitted. It would be a departure from statement made in 1906 to the Chinese Government and would enormously increase our difficulties in administering the country in question if Chinese rights were admitted in any villages west of watershed. We will prepare, as directed, a reasoned statement of objections to the frontier line which Shih proposed in 1905. Before preparing statement, lieutenant-governor would prefer that full report by Hertz on villages between Ngawehang River and watershed should be awaited. Owing to difficulty of communication, we have not yet received any detailed account from Hertz; he is now travelling through villages near Hpimaw. The following, briefly stated, are certain main objections to the line prepared by Shih which were given in Litton's report of 1905, paragraphs 7 and 8:-\n\n| Objection | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | Apart from claim to petty dues from a few villages, no claim to territory west of watershed has yet been established by Chinese Government; |\n| 2 | Country west of watershed is not, and cannot be, effectively controlled and administered by Chinese; |\n| 3 | A natural geographical boundary is afforded by the watershed; |\n\n[1850 dd-3]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 434675,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 89,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n[6654]\n\n## SECTION 4\n\n### No. 1\nIndia Office to Foreign Office.~(Received February 22.)\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for India presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, by direction of the Earl of Crewe, forwards herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State, copy of a telegram from Viceroy, dated the 21st February, 1911, relative to Pien-ma.\n\nIndia Office, February 22, 1911.\n\n### Enclosure in No. 1\n**Government of India to the Earl of Crewe.**\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nPIEN-MAW expedition (see your telegram of yesterday). We repeated to you on the 14th instant the telegram dated the 11th February from consul at Tengyueh. The following is the telegram from the consul, dated the 14th and not the 11th February, to which we intended to refer. It was repeated to Peking :-\n\n\"Please refer to my telegram dated the 11th instant. Taotai informs me that his agreement has been unreservedly accepted by the Viceroy, and that an earnest desire for a speedy and amicable settlement of whole question of frontier has been expressed by the latter. Immediate steps have been taken by Taotai for the loyal execution of his obligations here. This attitude appears significant after persistent hostility of past year. We are in an unusually strong position, and the opinion is respectfully submitted that a favourable opportunity for pressing for a final settlement of entire frontier line has occurred. Following points, which appear most important from local point of view, are presented for your consideration: That Chinese request for joint inspection and addition of the Chinese inscriptions to boundary pillars should be agreed to, subject to the following conditions: \n| Condition | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1) | Chinese Government first to accept the entire Burmah-Yunnan frontier line, including section north of Manang Pum following watershed between Irrawaddy and Salween as far as latitude 28° approximately, and section east of Wa country, generally known as Scott's line; |\n| (2) | draft agreement attached to Litton's report of the 20th May, 1905, to be signed by Chinese; |\n| (3) | China to appoint competent survey officers, or to agree to accept British officers' evidence as conclusive; |\n| (4) | party, as it proceeds along unmarked sections, to erect pillars; |\n| (5) | immediate recall to office of Shih Hung Chao; |\n| (6) | release of Li San Pao; |\n| (7) | His Majesty's Government to agree to the cession to China of such territory, if any, west of Scott's line as Chinese may, since the Boundary Commission, have brought under effective administration.\" \n\n[1909 y-4]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 434859,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 273,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## 269 \n\n2 \n\nbe content on this point to defer to the views of Sir J. Jordan, whose communication to the Wai-wu Pu, as reported in his despatch No. 85, dated the 24th February, 1911, has his Lordship's entire approval. In any case, Lord Morley would suggest that, before proceeding to offer to the Chinese Government the alternative frontier indicated in the Viceroy's telegram of the 26th March, Sir J. Jordan should refer the matter to His Majesty's Government for further instructions.\n\nAs regards the Chinese request for the withdrawal of our troops, it will be seen from the Viceroy's telegrams of the 19th and 29th March, 1911, that it is impracticable, for climatic reasons, for Mr. Hertz's party to remain at Htawgaw later than the middle of April. In the circumstances, it seems very undesirable that the news of the retirement of the party should reach the Chinese Government in a form that can lead them to interpret it as a disposition on our part to comply with their demands, since this would inevitably make them more difficult to deal with. I am therefore to suggest that they should be informed that His Majesty's Government reserve to themselves entire freedom to move their officers into and out of the country at their discretion. The draft of a telegram which Lord Morley proposes to address to the Government of India is enclosed herewith, for Sir E. Grey's concurrence.*\n\nAs regards the suggestion of the Chinese Government that the question should, as a last resort, be referred to arbitration, Lord Morley is not in a position to offer any opinion as to the precedents quoted in the final paragraph of Sir J. Jordan's telegram of the 13th March. But he would strongly deprecate the proposal on general grounds, both as undesirable in itself and as impracticable, regard being had to the nature of the evidence on which the respective claims are based.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Telegraphic.) P. R. RITCHIE.\n\n## Enclosure 1 in No. 1\n\n**Government of India to Viscount Morley**\n\nMarch 16, 1911. Government regarding\n\nFOLLOWING telegram received from Burmah Hpimaw ---- \n\n\"We are submitting by this mail to Government of India full report by Mr. Hertz as to Chinese claims in unadministered territory and as to terms on which negotiations for frontier line might be conducted. Mr. Hertz proposes that rights of Chinese in Gawlam, Kangfang, and Hpimaw groups of villages should be purchased, or that tract of country in which these villages are situated should be leased from China. He suggests as a third alternative that watershed boundary should be so modified as to leave these villages to China. Modified line proposed by Hertz follows a high range of mountains (through which the River Ngawchang flows in a narrow defile) from the point where it diverges from the main watershed to the point where it again merges in the main watershed, north of Kangfang. If arrangements cannot be made to lease the tract, this modified line would, in Lieutenant-Governor's opinion, be a suitable boundary. Hertz's report makes it clear that, apart from above-mentioned groups of villages, Chinese have no claim to any areas west of watershed.\"\n\nOn receipt of Hertz's report we will furnish our views on Burmah Government's telegram, as well as upon telegram dated the 13th instant from His Majesty's Minister at Peking.\n\n(Telegraphic.)\n\nP.\n\n## Enclosure 2 in No. 1\n\n**Government of India to Viscount Morley**\n\nMarch 19, 1911.\n\nHPIMAW expedition: See my telegram dated the 16th instant. Telegram from Government of Burmah states that it is advisable that Hertz's party should leave Htawgaw not later than the 10th proximo, and that it is impossible for them, owing to weather conditions, to stay there after the 20th idem at the latest. Lieutenant-Governor considers that Hertz and military police should return early in April to Nangu, and that wing of 89th Punjabis, who are road-making between Chiglai and Htawgaw, should withdraw to the same place at end of present month.\n\nI propose in the circumstances to authorise carrying out of movements.\n\n## Enclosure 3 in No. 1\n\n**Viscount Morley to Government of India**\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nIndia Office, March 21, 1911. PLEASE refer to your telegram dated 19th instant as to Hpimaw expedition. I propose to await views as to boundary question, promised in your telegram dated 16th instant, before considering question of future movements of Hertz. He should remain at Htawgaw in the meantime.\n\n## Enclosure 4 in No. 1\n\n**Government of India to Viscount Morley**\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nMarch 26, 1911. PLEASE refer to my telegram dated the 16th instant. It appears from report by Mr. Hertz to hand that, apart from Hpimaw, Gawlam, and Kangfang groups, Chinese have no claim to villages west of watershed; and definite and final repudiation of contention of Chinese should, in opinion of Lieutenant-Governor of Burmah, now be made. Hertz states, with regard to Gawlam, Hpimaw, and other villages on upper waters of Ngawchang River, that Chief of Lungpang at one time exercised authority over these villages, but that villagers have for many years paid tribute to Chief of Tengkeng, since the time when they invoked the latter's assistance as result of quarrel with Lungpang. Villagers have also adopted habits and customs of Chinese to some extent. Lieutenant-Governor is disposed to accept view of Mr. Hertz that we should accept claim of Chinese to these villages. Monetary compensation for surrender of their rights in tract is not likely, his Lordship understands from Peking telegram dated the 14th ultimo, to be agreed to by Chinese Government. Advantage of a lease, he points out, would be that measures already taken towards administration of tract would not have to be rescinded, and that the main watershed could be followed as the boundary line throughout. Lieutenant-Governor suggests, however, that modified boundary suggested by Hertz, excluding villages under discussion from our side, should be accepted without hesitation, if the Chinese do not agree to a lease. Following is modified boundary proposed:---\n\n| Detail | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| Starting point | Manang Bum in latitude 25° 33′ north |\n| Initial direction | Crest of watershed range between the Taping and Shweli (Lu Chiang) Rivers with their tributaries, to the south, and the N'Maikha River, with its tributaries, to the north |\n| First landmark | Peak marked Hsi Chiang Ho Shan 12,000 feet on the Survey of India map, east of the village of Upper Hpare, and near the sources of the Mangshang Kha |\n| Direction change | Northward to another peak, by name Sanhko Bum, 12,800 feet, east of Lagwi (Tzu Chu) village |\n| Further direction | Northward, crossing the river Ngawchang at gorge between junction of Hiangjam (Hpimaw) and Ngawchang (Hsiao Chiang) streams and village of Chikgaw (Chi-ka) |\n| Landmark | Range which separates the drainage of the Hpienlaw Kha on the west from that of river Ngawchang and its tributaries on the east |\n| Further direction | Along watershed dividing streams flowing westwards into country of Mars from those flowing eastwards into the Ngawchang River |\n| Further direction | Along range above the Yawyen village of Wulaw (Lao-wu-lu) forming northern watershed of river Ngawchang, and eastward by Wulaw pass until, at about latitude 26° 18', the great divide between the Salween and Irrawaddy is reached |\n\nIt is suggested by Hertz that His Majesty's Government should move the Chinese Government to agree to the main watershed as boundary beyond this point as ... \n\n* Printed in `[12691]`. \n\n3 \n\n## B 2",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 435024,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 438,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n[11928]\n6.6\n[April 1.]\n19607\n\n## SECTION 2\n\nREC2 & REG? 16 JUN 11\n\n### No. 1. Acting Consul Rose to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received April 1.)\n\n**(No. 1. Confidential.)**\nSir,\n\nTengyueh vid Bhama, Upper Burmah, February 25, 1911.\n\nI HAVE the honour to enclose duplicate of a report, which I have to-day addressed to His Majesty's Minister at Peking, on the events of the Burmah--China frontier for the open season 1910-11.\n\n### Enclosure in No. 1.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n**ARCHIBALD ROSE.**\n\n## Report by Acting Consul Rose respecting the Burmah-China Frontier for the Open Season 1910 to 1911.\n\n**(Confidential.)**\n\n### General Situation on North-East Frontier.\n\nTHE history of the north-east frontier during the past twelve months has been unusually full of interest, events succeeding one another in rapid succession, a manifestation of Chinese activity being everywhere apparent, and leaving as its result the practical reality of a Chinese neighbour along the whole of the 3,000 miles of India's frontier from Cashmere, past Nepaul, Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, and Upper Burmah, until we reach the Mekong and Toaquin. In attempting to realise the scope and trend of this forward movement from the Yunnan base there would appear to be evidence of a political sequence, an ordered and organised scheme directing the course of events, and it may be of interest to try and trace the effect of the greater episodes of the year in their bearing on the situation which now exists on the Burmah-China frontier.\n\nIt is but a few years ago that the Szechuan army was a negligible quantity, and that the troops of Yunnan were held up to ridicule by every passing traveller. Szechuan has suddenly sprung to the front in military activity, and Yunnan in the course of the past three years has created an army which is regarded by experts as inferior certainly to that of the metropolitan province or of Szechuan, but of a higher standard than is met in the majority of the richer and more populous provinces of China. Remembering that China has not usually shown a desire for active aggression it is impossible to watch this military progress in the Far West, where a grant from wealthier provinces is annually necessary in order to meet the ordinary expenses of administration, without speculation as to the ultimate purpose of this new and costly movement. Szechuan has certainly shown a constant and a sturdy independence in its relations with Peking; Yunnan has been famous for its internal struggles; its people have suffered perhaps more heavily than any others from the sudden suppression of opium; it is bounded both by Britain and by France, and the latter has just completed a railway independently of China, which penetrates as far as the provincial capital. It is not strange, therefore, that the hurried gathering of a modern army in Szechuan and Yunnan should have been regarded with interest, and attended with much anticipation as to its future developments.\n\nNo sooner, however, was the internal position assured in the two western provinces than a campaign of activity was inaugurated under the energetic guidance of Chao-Ehr-feng, the Imperial commissioner for the western frontier districts, and his brother Chao-Ehr-sen, the Viceroy of Szechuan, and their first aim appears to have been the extension of the administrative frontier of the Chinese Empire to the limits of their political boundaries. The Horba States, Derge, Chamdo, and the whole of the semi-independent country around Litang and Batang, was effectually absorbed from Batang a party pressed south as far as A-tun-tze, the Mekong and Salween were... \n\nPage 433",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 435026,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 440,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## Frontier Tour\n\nIt may be hoped that on the return of the expeditions to the unadministered territory, an effort will be made to recapitulate the whole question of the Burmah-China frontier, and to make a final effort to induce the Chinese Government to recognise and respect a clearly defined boundary-line.\n\nI had hoped to extend my tour during the open season along the whole of the northern frontier as far as Manang Pum, but pressure of business detained me in Tengyueh until too late, and my journey was eventually restricted to a very rough and very hurried march along that section of the border opposite Myitkyina, where a number of new forts were reported to be under construction. I succeeded in tracing five of them, all situated in desolate and difficult positions, and approached by paths which were evidently not intended to facilitate questions of transport. Starting from Hou-chiao, the most northerly post, I made a zigzag course along the Chinese side of the border, eventually reaching Sima in time for the first frontier meeting. It is difficult to gather the precise idea of the Chinese in building these five posts; they certainly command paths by which the frontier could be crossed, but the difficulties of nature would prove a far more serious obstacle to an advancing army than those little posts each with a handful of men. The country is always wild and very difficult, in places open and rugged with bracken-covered hills and an occasional clump of pines, or again plunging into a tangle of bamboo brake and almost pathless jungle, the passes crossed only by precipitous Lisu paths, whilst swaying Liana bridges provide a perilous passage above the mountain torrents. I took no escort with me, feeling sure of a welcome from the Lisus and Kachins, and for ten days I was unexpectedly cut off from my caravan by impassable tracks, and thus left without a tent and with but little in the way of provisions. It was generally possible to obtain shelter for the night in some Lisu hut, but when this simple hospitality failed we managed to spend the night in the open, sheltered from the wind by a bank or clump of trees and warmed with a big camp fire. When definite news of the Myitkyina column had been received by the Chinese, they insisted that there would be grave danger in travelling among these tribesmen, who were reported to be greatly excited, but I have learned that one's movements and sources of information are much hampered by a guard of Chinese soldiers, and on this journey I met the usual hospitality, good-will, and warm welcome from the people of every tribe, and I am confident that they would never make trouble unless directly incited to do so by the Chinese officials.\n\nFor a few days after our first frontier meeting, I travelled through the country of the Mong-ka (Shen Fu-kaan) Fayi, whose people are chiefly Lisu or Kachin tribesmen, and, as he accompanied me himself, I had an opportunity of gathering some idea as to the administration of his district, which is nominally under the direct government of the Tengyueh sub-prefect. For the first time in the course of my frontier wanderings, firewood and water were refused to the party, and the young Fuyi was obliged to ask for my intervention in dealing with his refractory subjects. I eventually agreed to say a few words to the head of the village, who reluctantly appeared with a crowd of truculent and fully-armed Kachins at his back. His opposition gave way at once before a little definite expostulation, and, whilst our immediate needs were met with alacrity, the Fuyi gratefully informed me that he had managed to collect arrears of tribute which had been withheld by the village for several years. So successful indeed was this first act of intervention that he begged me to interview the heads of every village that we passed, but I did not see my way to interfering further in the internal affairs of his little State. He grew very confidential, however, in the course of the journey, complaining bitterly of the treatment which he received from his Chinese superiors; they hold him responsible for the payment of a fixed annual revenue, but make no attempt to strengthen his hands in any way; they leave him only sufficient funds to eke out a comfortless existence and to maintain about half-a-dozen retainers for the policing and revenue collection of a State through which we marched for three days; they never visit the country, and they make no attempt to assist him in maintaining order among his people.\n\nIn spite of the fact that the tribute claimed from the tribal villages on the Chinese side of the frontier is very much less than that on the British side, I found the Kachins and Lisus living in the greatest poverty and lawlessness as compared with their prosperous and orderly British neighbours; no attempt has been made by the Chinese to build roads, to encourage trade, to enforce order, or to administer justice, and it is clear that their ideas of tribal administration have advanced little beyond the deflection of all available revenues from the pockets of the local chiefs to the coffers of the Chinese magistrates. The districts through which I travelled during my tour were seldom more than 50 miles from the Tengyueh centre, where Chinese rule is strengthened by a considerable garrison and full civil authority. With definite proof that the administration of the tribesmen in these districts is such an empty farce, it can scarcely be expected that we shall give much heed to their protestations that they are able and willing to extend an effective administration to the lawless tribes of the remoter regions bordering the undelimited northern frontier. I recognise fully their desire to extend their administrative area, and proof is not wanting that serious attempts have been made, especially by the Frontier Deputy Chao, to improve the condition of the border tribes in certain isolated instances, but administrative aspirations are unreasonable and administrative claims untenable to the west of the watershed, whilst so wide a belt of country still exists between Tengyueh or Yung-chang Fu (Pao-shan) and the northern undelimited frontier with no pretence to an effective administrative machinery.\n\n## The Sima Frontier Meeting\n\nThe frontier meeting for the Myitkyina district commenced on the 15th December and lasted only four days. There were present: \n| Name | Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| Captain Bazett | Acting Deputy Commissioner, Myitkyina |\n| Mr. V. Clerk | Assistant Superintendent, Sadou |\n| Captain Batten | Assistant Superintendent, Sima |\n| The Consul |  |\n\nThe Chinese representatives were: \n| Name | Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| Chao Kai-hsuan | Frontier Deputy |\n| Colonel Chung | from Manwyne |\n\nWe had had so entirely successful a meeting last year that the Chinese were obviously disappointed when they found that Mr. Hertz had left, but they welcomed an old friend in Mr. Clerk, and before they left, I think they were reassured as to the continued friendship of Myitkyina, for the meeting was again a very happy one. Only seventeen cases were down for hearing, and they were all settled without difficulty, the Deputy Chao conducting his work in a most business-like and satisfactory way. There is no doubt that he really likes and respects the British officials with whom his work lies, and that the respect is mutual. Throughout the two seasons during which we have worked together, he has proved himself an exceedingly able, courteous, and straightforward colleague, and it is vastly instructive to watch him taking a Chinese case. In all the troubles of the past year, he has used the most earnest endeavours to persuade the Taotai to a more reasonable policy, and, now that the tide has turned, it is evident that he speaks with authority, and that the Taotai is greatly influenced by his opinion. There is little doubt that the favourable settlements which have recently been effected at Tengyueh are mainly due to his exertions, and I feel that we owe a debt of gratitude to those officers of the Myitkyina district who have been at such pains to win his respect and confidence during his frontier career.\n\nSocial relations at this meeting were very cordial, in spite of the fact that the Deputy Chao regretted that Mr. Hertz should so far have outraged their mutual friendship as to convey troops to the neighbourhood of Pien-ma. Captain Bazett, although new to the frontier, entered into the spirit of the meeting with admirable tact, and there is no doubt that the good impression created last year has been thoroughly renewed. The happy results of personal relations and mutual confidence have shown themselves very clearly during the past year; current cases have been dealt with promptly as they arose, and there was no actual need for a meeting save for the very excellent and most important reason of all—that of renewing and continuing the good work and genial personal relations commenced by last year's gathering.\n\n## The Namkham Frontier Meeting\n\nThe frontier meeting for the Bhamo and Lashio districts commenced at Namkham on the 7th January and continued until the 22nd. There were present: \n| Name | Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| ... | ... | \n| ... | ... | \n\nPage 5",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 435031,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 445,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## The Future of the Frontier\n\nIn the first paragraph of this report, I have endeavoured to outline the present situation on the Burmah-China frontier, and in closing it, I would submit a brief summary of the points which still appear to merit consideration and to call for action in the future. My plea on behalf of the Bhamo-Tongyueh Railway was presented in the Tengyueh Trade Report for 1909 (issued as a **Confidential** paper No. `9700`), and to that, I have nothing to add. There remains only the completion of the frontier line.\n\nFrom 1897 until 1900, boundary commissions were at work, endeavouring to delimit the Burmah-China frontier on the broad lines laid down by the conventions of 1894 and 1897, and, although a long stretch was definitely settled, much remains to be done. In the ten years which have followed, much new information has been gathered, and many new factors have intervened, the most important of which appears to be the activity of the Chinese, who have installed themselves as our neighbours along the whole of the north-east frontier of India, and who are endeavouring to press their administrative machinery and their military forces to the very limit of the political border line. In approaching this question, I am anxious to avoid any suggestion of alarm, for there does not appear to me any probability that even the modern-drilled troops of Szechuan or Yünnan will be anxious to try conclusions with the forces of India. The conditions of local activity, however, do appear to indicate that the Chinese belief in their widespread supremacy, their modern cries of \"Rights' Recovery\" and \"China's Sovereignty,\" and their genius for intrigue and peaceful expansion, may prove factors of grave difficulty unless the border line is completed and a halt is called before they have over-stepped that line which has been realised by His Majesty's Government as our real political frontier, and beyond which the Chinese have been unable in the past to substantiate any claim.\n\nThe difficulty of gathering reliable information as to many of the more remote sections of the border makes me diffident in advancing sweeping assertions of their progress, but there appears little doubt that they have at least reached the limit of their rights in the unaccepted stretch to the east of the Wa country, that they have overstepped that limit in the direction of Hpimaw (Pien-ma) and Khamti, and that they have ventured very near to the Indian borderland in the advance from the Yünnanese post A-tun-tze to Rima (latitude 28° 10', longitude 97° 10'), which lies 160 miles south-west of Batang and 120 miles east of Sudiya. Our present information appears to indicate the construction of a military road from Batang towards Rima, probably in the hope of reaching Lhassa without traversing the turbulent Thibetan province of Kam. The Chinese attitude towards the undelimited frontier is graphically sketched in a letter from Yunnan-fu of the 9th February, 1911, in which Mr. O'Brien-Butler writes:\n\n\"I noticed with great interest on the Chinese map produced by the Administrator of Foreign Affairs that the whole country above this point—the junction of the Ngaw-chang Kha and the 'Nmai Kha—was labelled Hsi-tsang—Thibet! The map was long and narrow and only represented the country to the west about as far as the Mali Kha,\n\nThe events of the past season, and more especially the advance of the administrative expedition into the country north of Myitkyina, have had the anticipated effect of placing us in an unusually good position on the frontier. The Chinese have not departed from their usual attitude of yielding rapidly to fear when all reason has failed, and local conditions appear to me to indicate their readiness to accept the accomplished fact. It is significant that in response to the repeated and excited telegrams to the Viceroy at Yünnan-fu in regard to the menace of British troops on the frontier and the activity which was necessary in order to expel them from Hpimaw, his Excellency vouchsafed only the laconic reply to the taotai: \"What proof have you that Pien-ma belongs to China?\"\n\nI gather that the taotai is anxious that the broad question of the frontier line and all outstanding difficulties should be settled locally, though I am unable to ascertain how far this idea has been inspired by higher authorities. Should the Chinese Government show any desire for a local settlement, the proposal would, I think, be worthy of consideration, for all opposition comes primarily from local sources, discussion on the spot would focus difficulties, our local position is favourable, and such an arrangement would secure for us a strong reserve of moral backing and support at Peking. We have waited for ten years to try and settle this question, and it seems clear that the activity and forward advance of the Chinese now calls for action on our part, whilst we cannot tell when so favourable an opportunity will occur again.\n\nI have had the honour to submit by telegram the points which appear to call most urgently for settlement as seen from the local point of view, and I would now summarise them in clearer and fuller form for your consideration.\n\nThe Chinese Government has approached us with a request for a joint inspection of, and the addition of Chinese inscriptions to, the existing boundary pillars. As far as I can ascertain, they were not notified of the erection of these pillars, and though they have no valid reason for raising objections at this late date, it might be desirable to secure their acceptance by the Yunnan Government, and to close the endless quibbles which now exist, by proving to the Chinese that we have not tried to encroach upon their territory. I would suggest, therefore, that this joint inspection should be conceded provided:\n\n| Condition | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | That the Chinese were willing to accept the entire frontier line, including that section to the east of the Wa country generally known as \"Scott's Line,\" and lying between Nalawt-Fangsang (latitude 22° 10' north, longitude 99° 10' east), and the Nauting River (latitude 23° 28' north, longitude 95° 52' east); and also that section to the north of Manang Pum (latitude 25° 33' north) as far as that point approximately at 28° north latitude, where the Salween-Irrawady watershed is believed to sweep round in a westerly direction or to be joined at right angles by a lofty and definitely marked range, which has long proved the actual and natural boundary on geographical and ethnographical grounds between the outlying and hitherto unadministered portions of India, Yunnan, and Thibet. |\n| 2 | That China would sign an agreement similar to that draft which is attached to Mr. Litton's report on the undelimited north-east frontier, dated the 20th May, 1905. |\n| 3 | That competent surveyors were appointed by China to accompany the party, or that they agreed beforehand to accept as conclusive the evidence of the British survey officers. |\n| 4 | That pillars were erected by the party as they proceeded along the unmarked sections. |\n\nPage 440",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 435032,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 446,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## Military Affairs\n\nThe general military situation on the Yunnan border has been outlined in the body of this report, and, in view of the recent and detailed description which has been given by Captain B. E. A. Pritchard both of the modern troops and of the old army in Yunnan, there remains little for me to add, save a general summary of the present distribution which has been affected by the recent situation on the frontier. The transfer of a body of new troops to Tengyueh has been foreseen for some months, and, although they have been hurried towards the frontier districts at a somewhat earlier date than was expected or was convenient for the Chinese, there seems no reason to believe that any material change has taken place in the general plan of action. The frontier garrisons in the districts to which my sources of information extend are given in a separate note attached to this report as `Enclosure 5`, and I have added also a short description of the new forts on the frontier as `Enclosure 6`.*\n\n### Mobility of New Troops\n\nOne of the strongest criticisms which has been levelled at the modern-drilled troops of China has been their need of an undue amount of transport—a point on which they generally compare unfavourably with the old troops, who move quickly and are practically self-supporting. It may be of interest, therefore, to give a brief account of the march of the 500 men who have recently arrived at Tengyueh from Talifu. The distance is 240 miles, and this was covered in twelve days, giving daily marches of 20 miles, a creditable performance, as the road is mountainous and steep. They were preceded by a small advance guard, all of whom were mounted and who travelled a day ahead, making a survey as they went and selecting sites for camps. The main body proceeded always in marching order, by twos or fours as the width of the road permitted, each man carrying his rifle, bayonet, and a small quantity of ...\n\n* Not printed.\n\nPage 16 \n\n5. That Tantai Shih Hung-shao were immediately recalled to office. This officer lost his post and was cashiered, in spite of the protests of His Majesty's Minister and of the Government of India, as a punishment for his friendly attitude in attempting to arrange a settlement of the northern frontier with Mr. Litton and Mr. Leveson in 1905. His recall to office before any further negotiations commenced would greatly strengthen the hand of those Chinese officers who might be appointed to settle the question now.\n\n6. That Li San-pao, the interpreter who accompanied me to the unadministered territory in the spring, and who was therefore imprisoned by the taotai, were immediately released.\n\nIn the above points I have outlined what would appear to be the extreme limit of the favourable terms which could be granted by us, and, in view of the duplicity of the original Chinese negotiators in certain instances and of the unfailing Chinese obstruction along this frontier, I do not know that the Government of Burma would consider those suggestions under paragraph (1) to be admissible. I do not know, too, if such an arrangement as the above could be carried through in the ordinary way of business by the consul and the taotai, or whether it would be necessary for them to receive special powers. In any case it would, I think, be desirable that an officer of the Burma Government should act with the consul and the Chinese representatives, and that this officer and the consul should have an opportunity of meeting Mr. Stirling, of the Southern Shan States, Mr. Thornton, the Deputy Commissioner of Bhamo, and Mr. Hertz at a conference with the Chief Secretary to the Government, in order that the British position might be thoroughly clear to them before work commenced. Amongst those Chinese officers who would be suitable for the work are the Taotai Keng Pao-kuei of Tengyueh, Peng Chi-chih, at one time assistant boundary commissioner, lately Prefect of Yungchang and now Special Salt Commissioner for the Frontier districts; and Chao-kai-hsuan, the Frontier Deputy for Foreign Affairs. Work could not commence before the 1st October of this year, owing to the incidence of the rains, but much might be accomplished in one open season if the issues were clear and the question were pushed to a conclusion now that the Chinese are convinced that the Government of Burma is in earnest, and that it is to their interest to effect a speedy settlement of the entire north-eastern frontier.\n\n## SKETCH MAP OF BURMA-CHINA FRONTIER\n\n| Location        | \n| --------------- | \n| 94 E of GREENWICH | \n| Rima            | \n| MAPUTRA         | \n| Jo Sadiya       | \n| JH KAMTI        | \n| SAM             | \n| CHIRGWIN        | \n| KATHA           | \n| R.MALI KHA      | \n| AMAI KHA        | \n| MYITKYINA       | \n| TAPING RIVER    | \n| BHAMO           | \n| Apima           | \n| MANANG PUM      | \n| Sadan           | \n| Simao           | \n| Kangai          | \n| TÉNG YUEM       | \n| Sintan/Lungchuge | \n| UNGLING         | \n| R.SHWELI        | \n| SALWEEN         | \n| Mongman         | \n| NAMKHAM         | \n| bkut Koi Kuninga | \n| YMYO            | \n| TAUNGGYI        | \n| RANGOUN         | \n| MOUTHS OF IRRAWADY | \n| BAY OF BENGAL   | \n| SALWEEN         | \n| WILD            | \n| LASHID          | \n| WAS             | \n| Pang Sung       | \n| Nnicat          | \n| Batang          | \n| Wei-hsi         | \n| Litang          | \n| S SÚ CHUAN      | \n| Changtie        | \n| Yungning        | \n| Alsi Ferry      | \n| LIKIANG         | \n| YANGTSE         | \n| Chao-Chou       | \n| GYUNG-CHANG     | \n| NAKTING RIVE    | \n| Cher-pien-Ting  | \n| JaMenglem       | \n| SONG PANNA      | \n| KENG TUNG       | \n| không hại       | \n| Hồng Sẽ         | \n| TONKIN          | \n| YUNNANFU        | \n| RIVER MEKONG    | \n| Sau mau         | \n| RED RIVER       | \n\n2B \n96 \nOB \n301 \n¤Åturize \nA \n$ \n100 \n150 \n200 MILES \n100 \n(36.31.1423) FO (1974 -2)",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 435037,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 451,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## \nis unafordable from Tangtung village downwards, flows in a deep gorge through this mountain-chain. Navigation is unthinkable in connection with this river, and it is only in a few places that a raft or boat could live on it.\n\nThe height of the Wulaw pass through which the proposed line passes is estimated at 9,000 feet, and as this apparently is the lowest point in the whole chain, the range is nearly as high as the main divide. There are no roads of any sort across it except a very difficult one going westward from somewhere below the village of Wulu (Lao Wulu) and the one that leads over the Wulaw pass. The only vulnerable point, therefore, is the above-mentioned gorge, which Major #french-Mullen, who is commanding my escort, thinks it would be more difficult to force if held in strength than any of the passes over the Salween watershed. The range is thus a very formidable barrier. That officer also agrees with me that it would be just as easy to defend this line as the other, perhaps easier, and it will give us a boundary that will preclude the possibility of further dispute with the Chinese. On the other hand, if the divide is the frontier, we should possess two lines of defence at this point instead of one.\n\n## \n\nIt would doubtless add somewhat to our prestige if we could retain Hpimaw, as we have claimed it, and it might detract from our prestige slightly if we gave it up. But I think the latter difficulty could be got over by arranging a friendly meeting between the local officials when the boundary is finally accepted by the two Governments, at which the local people would be informed that each side is making concessions to the other; the Chinese are giving up their claim to Hparè, Lagwi, Gawyawn, and Chikgaw, and we, on the other hand, are surrendering ours to Hpimaw, Tangtung, Gawlam, Kangfang, and the Lisu villages north of Kangfang, together with the forests of shamu trees from which the coffin-wood, which the Chinese value so much, is obtained. If this is done, it will also help to save the \"face\" of the Chinese, and would no doubt be a most acceptable arrangement to them. The frontier could be demarcated at the same time.\n\nUntil it is settled where the frontier is to be, we must prevent the Chinese from stepping across the divide after our departure and interfering with the people. In order to put a stop to this, the country up to the crest of the watershed must be administered, and the cheapest way to do so, as I have already reported, is to appoint a “taungok,” or superior headman, as was done in the Shingaw valley, who will live in the Lungpang group of villages, and stop any attempt on the part of the local fuyi to cross the frontier or send his retainers across it. My best Lashi headman, Labao Nu, of Lajawng village, is available for this purpose.\n\nHe is related to the headmen of the Lungpang group of villages, is influential and trustworthy, has been rewarded by the Viceroy and the Lieutenant-Governor of Burmah for good work, and is willing to accept the post on a salary of 50 rupees a-month. With such an official on the spot, and a civil officer at Wanghte to support him, we should be able to keep officious Chinese underlings out of the country until the question of the frontier is finally decided.\n\nAs regards the Hpimaw tract, I suggest that the Chinese Government should be asked not to permit the Tengkeng fuyi or his agents or servants to visit or administer it until the negotiations in connection with the frontier are concluded. This would not be an unreasonable request to make and might be acceded to.\n\nIf the Chinese agree to accept the proposed boundary up to the confines of Thibet, well and good. If not, we should be content to have it as far as latitude 27° north, beyond which nothing is known of the country except that it is perhaps the most difficult in the world, and is inhabited by Black Marus and other tribes of intractable savages, with whom the Chinese have little or no dealings. The country has never been explored, and is a blank on the map. Prince Henri of Orleans made a perilous journey across it from east to west in latitude 27° 40′ north, but has added little to our geographical knowledge of the region. The settlement of this portion of the frontier may therefore be postponed indefinitely.\n\nAs regards the branch of the 'Nmaikha near latitude 28° north, known as the Chin River to the Chinese, the basin of which is inhabited by the little-known tribe of Chiu-Tzu, who are supposed to be tributary to the Chinese Chief of Yetche (Yei Chil) on the Mekong, I agree with the late Mr. Litton that it would only confuse matters to raise the question of so distant and difficult a country about which both the Chinese and ourselves know so little.\n\nA boundary commission is a thing to be avoided. It is very expensive, and as the Chinese officers are afraid to accept responsibility, and rue it if they do, it usually ends in an impasse, or if a settlement is arrived at the Celestial Government will refuse to ratify it. No Chinese official could venture to give up a yard of Chinese soil, or supposed Chinese soil, without running the risk of losing his position and perhaps also his life. Their attitude is consequently always one of passive resistance. If possible, therefore, the frontier should be laid down in London or Peking, preferably the former, as the Chinese officials there will probably understand a map better than those in Peking. The whole thing, as Mr. Litton says, could be settled amicably in ten minutes if we had a civilised Government to deal with.\n\nI can find nothing in any document in my possession, or in any paper to which I have had access, regarding the frontier proposed by Taotai Shih Huang Chao. If it includes in China the upper portions of the Chipwi, Hparè, and Lagwi valleys, it is quite useless to us as a line of partition between the two countries, for it would be naked to attack and indefensible; each of these valleys would furnish a pied-à-terre to a hostile force or a site for a future fort, and form an enclave where our bad characters and discontented spirits would congregate. In fact, it would be out of the question for us to accept such a boundary.\n\nThere can be no doubt that the people will welcome us with open arms everywhere, even at Hpimaw, for they know that we will bring peace and money into the country, which at present is steeped in poverty and a prey to chronic disorder.\n\n### 4. Text of proposed Convention\n\nIf the boundary as originally proposed is accepted by the Chinese Government in its entirety, the following draft of the text of a convention, taken from Mr. Litton's report, could be accepted by the Government of Burmah :--\n\n\"(a.) From Manang Bam,* in latitude 25° 33′ north, the frontier will follow the crest of the watershed range between the Nmaikha River with its tributaries to the north, and the Taping and Shweli (Lung Chiang) Rivers with their tributaries to the south, until it reaches the watershed between the Salween and the Irrawaddy Rivers.\n\n| Localities/Natural Features | Belong to |\n| --- | --- |\n| Pan Wa Kou pass, the Tsu Mei (Sisters) peak, the Ta Ya Kou pass, the Tzu Chu Ya You (Lagwi) pass, the Feng Shui Ling pass, the Ta Ho Tou ridge |  |\n| the valleys (pa-tzu) of Lunma and Tan Tsa, the Lang Ya Shan peak, the Tientan valley, the Mingkwang valley, the Tatang valley | China |\n| the valleys of the Shingaw, Tamu (Tun Maw) and Chipwi Rivers, the parè or Hkansheng valley, the Lagwi, Tzu Chu or Mangshang valley, and the Shijang (Hsieh Chiang) valley; the Hpimaw valley, comprising the drainage of the Htangjam, Changzaw (Pi Ho) and Muku streams; the whole of the drainage of the Ngawehang (Hsiao Chiang) River | Burmah |\n\n\"Thence the frontier will follow the crest of the lofty and conspicuous range known locally as the Kao Liang Kung or Kao Li Kung, which forms the watershed between the Salween and the Irrawaddy Rivers as far as latitude passing through the crest of the Pien-ma (Hpimaw) Ya Kou pass.\n\n\"The whole of the basin of the Salween (Lu Chiang) thus belongs to China and the whole basin of the Irrawaddy to Burmah.\n\n* (b.) As the frontier now laid down follows conspicuous ranges of hills and is well known no further demarcation on the spot will be necessary, but it is agreed that officers will be dispatched by both Governments to erect boundary pillars at the principal passes over the ranges which form the frontier. Any difficulty in recognising the places mentioned will be settled by reference to the map which is attached to the English and Chinese versions of the convention, and which is recognised by both Governments as authoritative.\n\n\"(c.) It is understood that this convention does not affect the frontier of the various Thibetan districts, which will be reserved for future discussion.\n\n\"(d.) The Yunnan Government having reported that certain headmen (fuyi') on the Chinese side of the frontier claim customary presents or pecuniary dues from villages situated on the Burmah side thereof, the British Government agrees to pay to the Chinese Government an annual sum of ... rupees in full compensation for the extinction of such claims. All jurisdiction and sovereignty over such villages shall thenceforth reside in His Britannic Majesty for ever. It is agreed that this sum ... rupees shall be paid annually, commencing from the ... by His Britannic Majesty's consul at Tengyueh, through the Taotai of West Yunnan, to be distributed to the said headmen (fuyi') in such proportions as the Chinese Government may determine.\n\n* I have omitted the words \"the high conical peak\" because they are not a correct description of the hill on which the northernmost boundary pillar of the convention has been erected.\n\nPage 446",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 435038,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 452,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## \n\nment may direct (and any customary rights to similar presents or dues which the Chinese headmen in the Salween or Mekong valleys north of Tengkeng may subsequently be bound to possess will be considered by His Majesty's Government, and, if substantiated, dealt with in a liberal spirit).\" \n\nIf the lease is agreed to by the Chinese Government, the convention might read: \"The boundary line between the territory to be administered by the Provincial Governments of Burmah and Yünnan shall be,\" &c., and clause (d) will read \"as rent for such villages and their lands,\" instead of \"in full compensation for the extinction of such claims,\" the rest of the clause remaining unaltered. \n\nIn the event of the tract being leased from the Tengkeng fuyi, a slight alteration would be necessary in clause (d). \n\nIf the alternative boundary proposed by me is chosen, the text of the convention would be as follows:- \n\n\"(a) From Manang Bum, in latitude 25° 33′ north, the frontier will follow the crest of the watershed range between the Nmaikha River with its tributaries to the north and the Taping and Shweli (Lu Chiang) Rivers with their tributaries to the south, until it reaches the peak east of Upper Hparè village and near the sources of the Mangshang Kha, marked Hsi Chiang Ho Shan, 12,000 feet, on the Survey of India maps; thence northward to another peak called Sanliko Bun, 12,800 feet, east of the village of Lagwi (Tzu Chu) and on the range of mountains which separates the drainages of the Mangshang (Lagwi or Tzu Chu) stream and the Shingtawn stream, which falls into the Ngawchang River at Gawyawm (Shang Lou) village, from those of the Changzaw and Muku streams which flow northward from the Feng Shui Ling pass and join the Htangjam (Hpimaw) stream near the villages of Hpimaw; thence northward, crossing the Ngawchang River at the gorge between Chikgaw (Chi Ka) village and the junction of the Ngawchang (Hsiao Chiang) and the Htangjam (Hpimaw) streams, along the range which separates the drainage of the Ngawchang River and its tributaries on the east from that of the Hpienlaw Kha on the west, leaving the village of that name also on the west, to a high peak called Chiyen Bu (13,600 feet) bearing west by north of the village of Kangfang, and so northward along the watershed which divides the streams flowing eastward into the Ngawchang River from those flowing westward to the Maru country, and thence along the crest of the northern watershed of the Ngawchang River above the Yawyin village of Wulaw (Lao-wu-lu) and by the pass of that name eastward until the great Irrawaddy-Salween divide is reached. \n\n\"The following are the names by which certain points on these ranges are known: The Pan wa Ya Kou pass, the Tsu Mei (Sisters) peak, the Taya Kou pass, the Tzu Chu Ya Kou (Lagwi) pass, the Hsi Chiang Ho Shan peak, the Sanhko Bum peak, the Chiyen Pum peak. \n\nThe following localities and natural features belong to China: The valleys (pa-tzu) of Lunma and Tantsa, the Langya Shan peak, the Ticutan valley, the Mingkwang valley, the Tatang valley, the Changzaw and Muku valleys, the Hangjam (Hpimaw or Pien-ma) valley and the Ngawchang valley north of the above-mentioned gorge or defile, including the villages of Tangtung (U Tung), Gawlam and Kangfang. \n\n\"The following localities and natural features belong to Burmah: The valleys of the Shingaw, Tamu (Tun Maw) and Chipwi Rivers; the Hparè valley, the Lagwi (Tzu Chu) valley, the Shijang (Hsieh Chiang) or Mun Lang valley, and the whole of the valley of the Ngawchang (Hsiao Chiang) River below the above-mentioned gorge. \n\n\"The whole of the basin of the Salween (Lu Chiang) thus belongs to China as well as a portion of the basin of the Upper Ngawchang stream, which is a tributary of the Irrawaddy River. With this exception, the whole of the basin of the Irrawaddy River belongs to Burmah.\" \n\nThere will be no changes in clauses (b) and (c), and clause (d) will be omitted. I quote the following from the \"Joint Report\" in order to draw attention to it :---- \n\n\"It is important that in the Chinese text such terms as the Mingkwang valley (*pa-tzu)* or 'the Tientan River' should be used, not merely 'Mingkwang or Tientan, otherwise the Chinese will raise difficulties on the ground that the villages on the Nmaikha side are an integral part of Mingkwang or Tientan. It seems also very desirable that His Majesty's Minister should insist that a copy of the map, with \n\n## \n6 \n## \n9 \n\nnames of places marked in Chinese, be attached to the Chinese as well as the English version of the convention.\" \n\nA map is attached showing (a) the watershed frontier and (b) the proposed alternative frontier. \n\nThe following maps should be consulted:- \n\n1. Survey of India, North-Eastern Frontier Sheets, Nos. `22 S.E.` and `23 N.E.` (second edition). \n2. The map in Major Davies' book, “Yünnan.” \n3. The map attached to the \"Report on a Joint Survey of the Burmah-Yünnan Boundary by British and Chinese officials in 1905.” \n\nW. A. HERTZ, Deputy Commissioner, in charge \nof the Hpimaw Expedition. \n\nCamp Bamyaw, February 24, 1911. \n\nPage 447",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 435087,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 501,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## Judicial Reforms\n\nThe Chinese Government have introduced a new judicial system with the object of undermining the extra-territorial jurisdiction of the treaty Powers. In this connection His Majesty's consul-general at Chengtu observes that the new system is in all essentials the same as that introduced into Korea by the Japanese advisers of 1891 and the constitution of the courts is practically identical with the Japanese.\n\nIn view of the importance of the reform, the following sketch of the new judicial system and the constitution of the courts may be of interest.\n\nAt the foot of the scale is the preliminary court, or court of first instance, which is to be established in each \"hsien,\" or county town, of each department; above this is the district or assize court to be established in every \"fu,\" or prefectural city, and at independent sub-prefectural cities. From the district court an appeal lies to the provincial high court, and thence to the final court of appeal, or cassation, in Peking. In the more distant provinces branches of the final court are to be attached to the high courts.\n\nThe high court is presided over by a \"president\" who ranks with the judicial commissioner. It has a civil and a criminal side, each of which is provided with a judge and two puisne judges. An assize court has a \"president and judge,\" with one assistant judge for civil and one for criminal cases, while a court of first instance should be under an assistant judge. Attached to each court is a staff of secretaries, clerks, ushers, &c. The high court and the assize court each have a \"procurator-general\" assisted by a \"procurator,\" and a court of first instance a \"procurator\" only. The duties of these officers combine those of Crown advocate and sheriff. All officers of, or above, the rank of puisne judge or \"procurator\" are styled law officers, and are selected by examination, except the \"president\" and \"procurator-general,\" who are appointed by commission from the Throne. The examinations are held in Peking, except for the more distant provinces, which receive examiners from the capital.\n\n## Prisons\n\nHis Majesty's consul at Nanking reports that a step is being made towards prison reform on western lines by the establishment of a model gaol for offenders convicted of the less serious crimes. The prisoners are properly fed, and made to keep their cells clean and take regular exercise. They are also taught a trade, and earn wages which are remitted to their families. His Majesty's consul at Pakhoi reports that Kuo taotai has caused the prisons of Ch'in Chou to be conducted on similar reformatory lines. In November a training school was opened at Chungking for 700 rural police for the neighbouring country districts. In Kiangsu an attempt is being made to police the streets of Isinghua and a police system has been inaugurated at Huai An Fu.\n\n## Other Reforms\n\n### Standardisation of Weights and Measures in Szechuan\n\nHis Majesty's consul at Chungking reports that an attempt is being made to introduce the standardisation of weights and measures of length and capacity, but great difficulties are being met with in regard to weights owing to the confusion and opportunities for cheating attending the transition stage.\n\n### Post to Thibet\n\nThe Imperial Chinese post is extending its service from the former western terminus of Tachienlu to Batang, a difficult portion of road notorious for robbers, and a similar extension is to be made from Lbassa to Chiamdo. The two lines are doubtless eventually intended to effect a junction.\n\n## Railways\n\n### Tien-tsin-Pukou\n\nThe coupling of the Tien-tsin-Pukow with the Peking-Mukden Railway is now an accomplished fact. The opening ceremony was performed on the 19th December. The Tien-tsin terminus is what was formerly known as the \"city station,\" now called the Tien-tsin Central Station. A regular service of construction trains runs between Tien-tsin and Tsinan, the journey occupying some fourteen hours. The line is open to Taian-fu, 76 kilom, south of Tsinan. On the southern section construction trains now carry passengers, and the section between Pukow and Lin Huai Kuan will be opened to traffic in spring.\n\n### Hankow-Canton Railway\n\nVery little progress has been made on the Changsha-Chuchou section. About 14 miles of sleepers and rails have been laid between Chuchou and Chaoshan, but the permanent way has not been ballasted, and no bridges have been erected. Between Chaoshan and Changsha the road-bed is being made. It is hoped to complete the line from Yochow to Chenchou in about five years.\n\n### Szechuan-Hankow Railway (Hupeh Railways)\n\nConsiderable progress has been made during the quarter. At Ichang three godowns and an engine shed at the wharf are finished, and the east-gate station buildings are nearing completion. The first tunnel of about 1,000 feet, at about 12 miles from Ichang, has been pierced, and a construction train runs for a mile or two.\n\n### Canton-Kowloon Railway\n\nThe British section of Canton-Kowloon Railway was opened during the quarter as also the first section of the line at the Canton end.\n\n### Canton Kowloon-Yueh-Han Railway\n\nIt is proposed to build a line connecting the Yueh Han and Canton Kowloon Railways. This line of some 3 or 4 miles would pass through the north-east suburbs of Canton. The route has been surveyed and presents no engineering difficulties. The line would soon pay.\n\n### Shanghai Hangchow-Ningpo Railway\n\nThe Chekiang Railway Company have gradually carried out improvements on the permanent way so that the line is at present in fair condition. A handsome red brick station has been erected within the Hangchow city walls and is practically complete.\n\nIt is rumoured that work is soon to be stopped on the Ningpo-Shaoshing section for lack of funds.\n\n### Peking-Kalgan Railway (Chang Sui extension)\n\nThe distance from Kalgan to Sui Yuan Cheng is about 220 miles by the proposed route via Tatung-fu. The rail-head has reached Tsai Kou Pu 30 miles from Kalgan. It is expected to complete and open the whole section to Tien Chen Hsien by the end of the year, but the Board of Communications have ordered the suspension of construction beyond this point for four years.\n\n### Taichow-Shiherhwei Railway\n\nThe construction of the Taichow-Shiberhwei Railway and the raising of the necessary funds has been sanctioned in Peking. It is estimated to cost about 2,250,000 taels, but it is not clear where the money is to come from.\n\n### Fokien Railway (Chang-Hsia)\n\nThe railway is being mismanaged and work continues very slowly-10 miles complete. It is proposed to carry the line round Pholum which will add to its length, but obviate expenditure on a large bridge.\n\n### Kiangsi Railway (Nan-Hsün)\n\nWork is proceeding slowly and trains run as far as Wang Lao Men, about 20 miles from Kiukiang Station.\n\n### Tsingtau\n\nThe growing importance commercially of the port of Tsingtau is shown by the fact that German mail steamers from Europe call now regularly both on outward and homeward voyages. The P. and O. Company is now sending intermediate steamers to Tsingtau and the Messageries maritimes are contemplating similar action.\n\nPage 496",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 450966,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-416 - Public Offices - 1914",
        "page_number": 548,
        "title": "CO129-416 - Public Offices - 1914",
        "content_text": "# \n1 was being grown in a secluded spot 20 miles north of Lung Shan; but Mr. Vosknil was confident that, if such were indeed the case, it was not being grown with the connivance of the opium inspector, of whom he spoke very highly. I was unable to ascertain the exact locality of the field, native converts being often unwilling to afford information likely in any way to bring upon themselves the hostility of the villagers.\n\nFrom native sources at Lam Ching I learned that young poppy had been freely uprooted in December, the owner of one field being fined 800 dollars. A reward of 100 dollars was, however, offered for information of any poppy still growing instead of the usual percentage of the fine imposed. On the whole, the autumn sowing had not been excessive. Here, as elsewhere, all sorts of rumours with regard to the inspection of the province were current, the country people firmly believing that if any opium were discovered, both the grower and the district magistrate would be shot and a fine of several hundred thousand dollars demanded by the British Government.\n\n## \nTowards Changchow, the soil is extremely rich; the rice grown in the Changchow prefecture is said to be the finest in China, whilst this district also supplies a large proportion of the fruit produce of South Fukien. On reaching the city, I called on Mr. Hutchinson, of the English Presbyterian Mission, who said he believed there was poppy in only one spot in the whole of his missionary district, extending north as far as Lung Nia and east almost to Tong An. His knowledge came from a friend of a Christian native doctor, but the information was given to him under promise not to disclose the locality, the informer being unwilling for some reason to involve the Lung Ch'i magistrate in trouble. According to Mr. Hutchinson, the latter was well aware of the existence of the field, which contained about 1,000 heads of poppy.\n\nThe anti-opium campaign in the Lung Ch'i district appears to have been accompanied by many abuses, of which Mr. Hutchinson gave me several instances. On one occasion, a gambler having been observed by underlings of the opium inspector to have won 80 dollars at play, three or four pellets of opium were furtively placed in his pocket, and he was subsequently taxed with being a smoker. On denying the charge, he was searched and forced to hand over his 80 dollars as hush-money. In another case, a heavy bribe had been exacted by the inspector from a wealthy shopkeeper on whose premises two pipes were found, these having been placed in a back room by the inspector's men whilst the proprietor's attention was engaged by confederates. There seems good ground for crediting these stories, since Mr. Chan Pai Kong himself informed me that the inspector had been discovered placing poppy plants in the fields of innocent persons with a view to extorting squeezes, and that he had offered his office for sale for 2,000 dollars. These reports also I had previously heard from other sources. Mr. Chan's secretary told me that the inspector, and also the former Chao An inspector, who had been guilty of similar malpractices, would be sent to Foochow and probably executed. The Opium Administration has been further discredited by these abuses, from the fact that in some districts, private persons posing as official inspectors have been imitating their illegalities.\n\nMr. Hutchinson was of the opinion that the Lung Ch'i magistrate was also a party to these frauds, and stated that the extortions of the opium officials were infinitely worse than the exactions of the Manchu régime, and that native prepared opium was plentiful at Changchow, the authorities having perfect cognisance of its whereabouts, and exacting a heavy duty on all sold or kept for sale. As the spring crop was gathered without interference, there are probably considerable accumulated stocks in hand, whilst there is no doubt that poppy seed, which is said to retain its efficacy for four years, is being carefully hoarded up against any future slackening of suppressive measures.\n\nThe poppy has, however, by fair means or otherwise, been completely eradicated from the district; I myself passed through Thih Tng, where the plant was being freely sown in the autumn, and saw none, whilst Mr. Hutchinson had recently visited Lim Tun Hi, where a powerful clan, taking advantage of a strong strategical position, had resisted the soldiers for some time with success, and found all the opium uprooted. This clan, which had been strong enough to refuse payment of land tax for 150 years, capitulated in December. In other parts, the villagers had mostly submitted to the inevitable on the first approach of the troops.\n\nAt Changt'ai, from all accounts, the magistrate, Mr. Sou Gee Chen, a brother of the metropolitan delegate, appears to have cleared his district thoroughly. I passed through the chief former opium-growing region, and found it now almost entirely under barley.\n\nFrom Changt'ai, I took a by-road through Be Iun and Pho Tan to Koan Khan, where no traces of a former large poppy-field were now visible. The aspect of the country here changes, the hills of the west giving way to a broad plain, across which a clear view of several miles is obtained on all sides. Between Koan Khau and Ch'uan Chow lies the largest poppy-producing district of Fukien, the yield of former years in the Tong An district, according to semi-official Chinese estimates, being 50 per cent. of that of the whole province.\n\n## \nThe zone of greatest activity lies immediately south of Tong An itself, particularly in the neighbourhood of Mahang. For this reason, Tong An has been allotted six and Mahang three opium inspectors instead of the usual one, whilst the latter's officer in charge, a gentleman of picturesque proportions in keeping with his strong attitude as a local administrator, has further been raised to the dignity of a \"chih shih,\" or magistrate.\n\nMissionaries at Tong An reported that in the immediate vicinity of the city, little or no poppy had been sown in the previous autumn, but farther afield, especially to the south, the soldiers had had a busy time clearing the country in January. They believed the whole district to be at present quite free. A lady who had made the opium movement a keen study informed me that, according to rough observations made by her, 50 per cent. of the cultivable land within a few miles' radius of the city was under poppy in 1912, but during frequent journeys this year, mostly off the main routes, she had not seen a single plant. Another lady, who had just returned from a visit to the Ankhoe district, had also seen no poppy growing. The country north of that city is mountainous and produces very little poppy, the plant when fully grown being only 8 or 10 inches high, and yielding little juice.\n\nAs the main road from Tong An to Ch'uan Chow was reported to be then free from poppy by a foreigner who made the journey in December last, I decided to strike across country from Ma Hang, dipping down south to Khoe Tang, on the sea border opposite to the large island of Kim Mng, and thence making Ch'uan Chow via An Hai and Chioh Sai. Between Tong An and Ma Hang, the country was literally a blaze of poppy last spring, but not a vestige was now to be seen. The magistrate at Ma Hang, which has long been notorious for its connection with the opium industry, informed me that little poppy had been sown in the autumn, attributing the fact to the people's intelligence in appreciating the arguments of his proclamations, but it is probable that his treatment of offenders, which consists, in the first place, in burning their houses, confiscating their lands, and fining them heavily, and, in the second place, in beheading them if they receive these correctives with ill grace, and the presence of several companies of northern troops in the district, have been more potent deterrents to growers. It is, however, remarkable that the abandonment of an industry which, according to the magistrate's estimate, was worth 2,000,000 dollars per annum to the people of Ma Hang alone should have provoked so little resistance, and it is probable that this district will require careful watching in the future.\n\nThe inspection in this part of the country has been carried out with great thoroughness. Large barley fields, whose extent of area might have concealed a few stalks, and patches of sugar cane have been carefully examined by the inspectors, whilst suspicious houses have been entered, even a few heads of poppy growing in earthenware pots in courtyards or on the house roofs being a sufficient source of profit to induce villagers to run the risks of detection. Here, as in most parts of South Fukien, barley appears to have largely taken the place of the poppy.\n\nBetween An Hai and Ch'uan Chow, an agreement was entered into last spring between the officials and the people, by which the latter were permitted to harvest the crop on giving an undertaking that no sowing should be made in the following season. This contract seems to have been faithfully carried out by both parties, for I heard of none having been planted in the autumn, whilst Ch'uan Chow missionaries informed me that in the course of up-country journeys at the new year, they had seen no sign of poppy. In the adjoining district of Lam An, however, where no such compromise was made, resistance to the authorities necessitated military measures, the plant being forcibly uprooted in December. From Chuan Chow, I made a day's excursion to Lam An and the neighbourhood without finding any trace of opium.\n\nOn arriving at Hui An, I found that the Anti-Opium Commissioner of Amoy, Mr. Ding Neng Guang, was then in the district scouring the country for poppy. In common with magistrates of other districts in the province, Mr. Shih Wei Ch'ung, the Hui An magistrate, when called upon for his report, had notified the Foochow head office that his district was free from the plant.\n\nThis appears to have been a deliberate misrepresentation of fact, since the district opium inspector had sent in to him at the end of last year a list of places (all in the Tau Pak region, north of Hui An), where he had found poppy still growing.\n\nPage 541",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-416 - Public Offices - 1914.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 465528,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-438 - Public Offices - 1916",
        "page_number": 327,
        "title": "CO129-438 - Public Offices - 1916",
        "content_text": "## 058\n\n\n321 \n\n(a) Canton 29/11/15. \n\nThe Central Government sanctioned the construction of a fort on a hill named San Txe Ling ( )ut fuchso, Kwongai province.\n\n## Movements of Chinese Troop\n\nThe Chinese Gun Boat \"Tao Ling\" left Swatow for Canton on the 5th November with 500 native troops on board.\n\n## Railway\n\nWing Malang. Two routes are said to have been proposed, the southern going via Huichow, Hunan, Tunglu and Chiangkan (Hangchow), and the northern by Haihsien, Ch'ênghua, Yuchien, Linan, Yuhang and Sungchenshien (Hangchow).\n\n## 4. General situation in South China\n\nThe war is by no means the absorbing topic, to be followed in minute detail, that it was. The difficulties of following it closely through the complications of the Balkans, the effort required to wrestle with outlandish names, especially Russian or Turkish, the flat contradictions of official communiques all held to this end and in any event the burning questions of Chinese politics would have diverted attention. It is still sufficiently discussed, of course, but in a much broader way, and details have lost their exaggerated value. The entire collapse of German trade and the absence of the German flag is clearly emerging as a distinct fact that cannot be contradicted; no rumours on the other side now weigh against it in deciding which side holds the power at sea. And any Chinese in considering war deal primarily with numbers; kind of enquiry as to population and resources is decidedly in favour of the Allies.\n\nThere is little strong personal feeling for either side.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-438 - Public Offices - 1916.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 468830,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 50,
        "title": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "forwarding plain copies of Ordinances with the dospp submitting authenticated copies They Sonerally send them in bulk, some half-dozen or so at a time, and with some dalcay. Most Ciries adopt the practice of Sending plain Copies of an Ordnance \"together with the Sealed copy, and this is convement to us in ways.\n\nPortups you will agre to a Sovered shoro desp. or 3p.x. being sent to the for. astuny him to put this little matter right? the Conill I agree od be sufficient. Wars 272.7017. A Libary 3pm & Arsen 25/14/17 Obetter make it a desp. to keep it before then.\n\nHER 28.12.7 atonce 1544 Mo Conell Draft now submitted. The reason for the lang datang is that I had reason to think that the Zerany head rectified its matter of their own accord. No 30 (13598) \"But, from recent Gidees recared. +31 (13584), pp. below, it is clear that and the dosp. Should they have not done so new fo. Im $.9.4.18.\n\nNo 332 Enclosure !. C 0 60734 REC REG I DEC17) GOVERNMENT HOUSE. HONGKONG. 19th, October, 1917. 48 sir, I have the homur to submit for the signification of His Majesty's pleasure the following Ordinace intitutled:- An Ordinance to facilitate Legal Proceedings against Enemies in certain cases. No. 22 of 1917.\n\nThe object of this Ordinmce is set out in the Attorney-General's report which is enclosed. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient, humble servant, ལ་ཟངན་ Governor,&c.. THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WALTER LONG, M.P. &c., &c.. &c...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 477944,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-451 - Public Offices - 1918",
        "page_number": 181,
        "title": "CO129-451 - Public Offices - 1918",
        "content_text": "# \n2 \n\nof raising these questions ab integro. The Chinese Government are already deeply committed in the matter. Not only did their plenipotentiary initial the full text of the Tripartite Convention on the 27th April, 1914, but the Wai-chiao Pu has itself recorded in explicit language its acceptance of the whole convention, except the boundary clauses. It would therefore seem desirable that an attempt should be made \n\nto secure the adherence of the Chinese Government to that convention with the minimum of modification necessary to secure the object in view. The memorandum of the Peking Legation proposes to secure the right of stationing a British representative at Lhassa, and, subject to what is said in the last paragraph of this letter, this might conveniently be treated as a quid pro quo for the concession which His Majesty's Government are prepared to make regarding the boundary. Any further concession to China should be held in reserve, to be offered in the course of negotiations if circumstances so require. \n\nFor the present, however, the first step is clearly to sound the Thibetan Government as to their views on the proposed revised terms of agreement; and it is proposed, subject to the above remarks, and to Mr. Balfour's concurrence, to authorise the Government of India to proceed accordingly. \n\nThe bearing of this proposal, particularly with regard to the provision for the establishment of a permanent representation at Lhassa, on the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907, will not be overlooked, and Mr. Secretary Balfour will doubtless consider whether, in the circumstances, reference to the Russian Government is necessary, and, if so, at what stage. This Office would confine itself to remarking that, after the publicity that has been given to Count Benckendorff's memorandum of the 22nd March, 1915, it is most undesirable at the present juncture to reopen questions relating to Afghanistan. \n\nI am, &c. \n\n## Enclosure in No. 1. \n\n**TRIPARTITE CONVENTION, 1914.** \n\n**(Text as initialled by British, Chinese, and Thibetan Plenipotentiaries on the 27th April, 1914.)** \n\nHIS Majesty the King, &c., &c., his Excellency the President of the Chinese Republic, and his Holiness the Dalai Lama of Thibet, being sincerely desirous to settle by mutual agreement various questions concerning the interests of their several States on the Continent of Asia, and further to regulate the relations of their several Governments, subject and have appointed their plenipotentiaries, \n\nhave resolved to conclude a convention on this \n\n&c. \n\nWho having communicated, &c., have agreed upon and concluded the following convention in \n\neleven articles:- \n\n### ARTICLE 1. \n\nThe conventions specified in the schedule to the present convention shall, except in so far as they may have been modified by, or may be inconsistent with or repugnant to any of the provisions of the present convention, continue to be binding upon the high contracting parties. \n\n### ARTICLE 2. \n\nThe Governments of Great Britain and China, recognising that Thibet is under the suzerainty of China, and recognising also the autonomy of Outer Thibet, engage to respect the territorial integrity of the country, and to abstain from interference in the administration of Outer Thibet (including the selection and installation of the Dalai Lama), which shall remain in the hands of the Thibetan Government at Lhassa. \n\nThe Government of China engages not to convert Thibet into a Chinese province. The Government of Great Britain engages not to annex Thibet or any portion of it. \n\n### ARTICLE 3. \n\nRecognising the special interest of Great Britain, in virtue of the geographical position of Thibet, in the existence of an effective Thibetan Government, and in the maintenance of peace and order in the neighbourhood of the frontiers of India and adjoining States, the Government of China engages, except as provided in article 4 of this convention, not to send troops into Outer Thibet, nor to station civil or military officers, or establish Chinese colonies in the country. Should any such troops or officials remain in Outer Thibet at the date of the signature of this convention, they shall be withdrawn within a period not exceeding three months. The Government of Great Britain engages not to station military or civil officers in Thibet (except as provided in the convention of the 7th September, 1904, between Great Britain and Thibet) nor troops (except the agents' escorts), nor to establish colonies in that country. \n\n### ARTICLE 4. \n\nThe foregoing article shall not be held to preclude the continuance of the arrangement by which, in the past, a Chinese high official with suitable escort has been maintained at Lhassa, but it is hereby provided that the said escort shall in no circumstances exceed 300 men. \n\n### ARTICLE 5. \n\nThe Governments of China and Thibet engage that they will not enter into any negotiations or agreements regarding Thibet with one another, or with any other Power, excepting such negotiations and agreements between Great Britain and Thibet as are provided for by the convention of the 7th September, 1904, between Great Britain and Thibet, and the convention of the 27th April, 1906, between Great Britain and China. \n\n### ARTICLE 6. \n\nArticle 3 of the convention of the 27th April, 1906, between Great Britain and China is hereby cancelled, and it is understood that in article 9 (d) of the convention of the 7th September, 1904, between Great Britain and Thibet the term \"foreign Power\" does not include China. \n\nJ. E. SHUCKBURGH. \n\n## HEADS OF SUGGESTED NEW AGREEMENT. \n\n1. Complete autonomy of Thibet under Chinese suzerainty. \n2. The boundaries of autonomous Thibet to follow the lines fixed in the convention map for \"Outer Thibet,\" which correspond to what has in modern times been popularly considered to be the dividing line between China and Thibet (Batang boundary pillar), watershed between Yang-tsze and Mekong, watershed between sources of Yellow River and Yang-taze, range south of Traidam swamps, &c.; the entire frontier to be exactly delimited later on by a British-Chinese-Tibetan boundary commission. \n3. British and Chinese representatives of equal status with escorts of equal size (not to exceed three hundred men) to be stationed at Lhassa for the purpose of looking after the interests of their respective nationals, advising the Thibetan Government regarding foreign relations, and, in the case of the Chinese representative, of seeing that the autonomous Government of Thibet does not by its acts violate the suzerain rights of China. \n4. British and Chinese trade agents, or consuls, of equal status to be stationed at the trade marts, which shall include Chiando, for the purpose of looking after the interests of and exercising jurisdiction over their respective nationals (which in the case of the Chinese would not include Thibetans), and of maintaining consular relations with the local Thibetan officials. \n5. Apart from the above, no British or Chinese troops, or civil or military officials to be allowed in Thibet except with the concurrence of all three contracting parties. Chinese garrisons to be withdrawn from Eastern Thibet and Kham within three months. Neither Great Britain nor China to interfere in any way with the internal administration of Thibet, nor to found colonies of their nationals in Thibet. \n6. Ex-territorial rights for British and Chinese nationals in Thibet; British subjects to have the same rights of freedom and trade as Chinese; most-favoured-nation clause for British and Chinese commerce. \n7. Thibet not to be represented in the Chinese Parliament. \n8. Provisions in existing conventions, &c., inconsistent with or repugnant to present convention to lapse. \n9. Treaty to be published at the trade markets throughout Thibet and Chinese Thibet. Great Britain engages to keep China fully informed of any negotiation or agreement she may enter into with Thibet. \n\nPage 178 \nļ",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-451 - Public Offices - 1918.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 482805,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-459 - Individuals - 1919",
        "page_number": 227,
        "title": "CO129-459 - Individuals - 1919",
        "content_text": "225\n\nJ\n\nshared\n\nmotes and\n\nconcrifated ad\n\nwwwy were off, but I\n\nprofessed to re-dits the immediate call, and I am\n\nsin\n\nany report the steps, regardless of the\n\nmogaus malment.\n\nKoen made\n\nOL\n\n-་\n\n+\n\nThe\n\nIf\n\nmay\n\nace I\n\number of applications\n\nis that matang\n\n38°) xen row found is easy my came\n\ninsime of the brows baloniin\n\narmy\n\napplied for\n\nin London agents off\n\nGirm, who binary\n\nها\n\nmy and praction, demonicisation auton ey took place, and is changes uporanen\n\nwww\n\nsoon fallow, and\n\nfine untive scarsad tany Komy, had this granteded could have managed fancy were assumed mey ར་པ\n\n37\n\ninpoloyment,\n\nficeed in a\n\nemps renting this wissed unsvicined in thong t\n\napplia\n\nmay\n\ninfasoned\n\nlate 10, am nosilised hem, I have aleached reply for informacion, als for a reply from the\n\nم\n\nLetous, I applied to the committe menti\n\nКолу",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-459 - Individuals - 1919.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 487731,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 84,
        "title": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "## \n| ha | Puitials Sex | Cigo kin, bonjandi | Correal glandy |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 145 | C | S | A |\n\n## \n|  |  | \n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Right Lung | Brondejonmove all deba | Cumpran than fatis any meatafucced fee blog Hansen #13, fær mammu. |\n|  | Interimdong Tommolar pressemeroma med lobes Äuma as right” het dina vode k bythmy | \n\n## \n|  | \n| --- | --- |\n| Mediastinal glands | Rel |\n| Hecrutini glands |  |\n\n## \n| Consorti forma | Manglayı conatid glaud ar Lulua o afari favouring |\n| --- | --- |\n| (ladę walnut)ta ng matang mit Cdbanimes perform |  |\n\nPilna hot implem might a collar mund te finale; patio tum r Evalangal reassen vigtí ́andi, kuna ma Carsac at larm akarod ne zamanda Healary jou MA Jiken Bros. Kau dua, min/kmar Manité- Urinary forms of carcalin Isamaj tralarged sometaining zamemo fiti, vart mådevent. Hitchinny few From Awar 83 Intra-camurial Remarks Pray f JA\n\n## \n|  | \n| --- | --- |\n| becisam egynyard or ran along deploran jamuru afpore at | کیا کہ کمی |\n| Esclangal | remove lost wide |\n|  | Added all with Salonged renome, appar fare quite for In a large Wilenny thi ALondon face | Lagwer br. Hanale majka pre right mode sukemalling Prank coffer post natal. |\n\n## \n| 119 C | /10 S.W | \n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Janvas (clapry) + 4. meclions of mater | Miliang 1.2. | Janisteras right side |\n|  | ufuscodman bu pr”, turky vlcerative | On right, but amati tarvita MA. |\n| Cascated atright\" hitun Alterar upp pralythng | Slight congestion, no devisions leeberandore, |  |\n| Kiley kidonda aggregat de Miliony aggregated at brace, thema viothe num & antral Inusipir | Castle gioueballar Lumes, plus Juumikit nga ba | \n\n## \nTuberculous Aronske presume mun, no fores forendif retus hulser girard \"I afmat Very gruvalind, original jurial oculiq derbijut Long from appland vidiet. Длин m acuti; fematical abuz y gland machinamp\n\n## \n| 119 | 110 | 12/ A | + | 4 | 121 | 5.7.7 | M 44 | T |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Gray interte Koughout | Laura lagja a dangu kan man view, in apparat me cibilian million man hajat, fol in Enlarged + santner at Tolan bat eskia, u tranlas. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n\nUnder the of the Lady Kam curtiințalantului; randy mama na kja fillariter kalimu Pantone armall for Talaga og farajan, bubapical ecen: fourth comune Adlines all the time ou veghe a little surku verages, hores sulauged at all. the same skerpart. Avg Technatas Kinglow were funny Lily Chat zal judet palmal kem Turistany a quay monftre The Aurte Fontati dall\n\n## \n| Opfaculty emisioned in decupo escape por lens indrets dathy Houlding from, doneď telourou, 12.1 | Through drafinu. |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  | hare, extus lungs suck und wohani red dvou comminug glands, bonustan ni | ILL |\n| vajaation, for molekuulama ve telimme a piedistal emptorita amandemba, what dosage mandy álmaolináj Chanted encali grup lukweli, without many attivato me | - Linga porrbnata, puissandy them with \"healing Intiimal condition maradumayeed a 16 gourmet diny bears agová adichi nokits dimrük politike, but no rushin pacat cloud | 123 |\n\nAsianty lindoriautoan, mens in defor (28 CF # ↓ Acacia Impala paremman kaka 114 buk M T markcom'ka nekliu manqua trausta lammu Kims can infatil stalnoise zinathi, Cavikálna (ladina le beau ofin! 1,2, Adlonis gently time Lighthou hay shasson any swollrey. the gland right side ventaged occupied, no sign Wodine dofita L. I thank M | 40 Huling pay Conglour Humilusti ngis su Carlyllus fick i adhuruti |2.0, alrevolim ina manly otáque strudia na Home Iron & call speed ho glands enlarged โ FLO J + J forty' alter Cockapital quay Victorok | Carly([d! dubapical, bribu\"red\" Adam bol spice murphy of Grey Future .. Camera Prader-brmedial glande na night, no a left\" With Faith stagest mmad causen-free- ΣΕ 127 M M A 112 H 712- 129 C 130 4.Y.N # 4\n\n## \n| Par fi me\" kadang menatang yg vanade ge my 12.50, format panas. 19. 16, | Frase \"pa), plating moved ib. Mal in trust, | Het is 18. Kong Krajk van de kl |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | Picktory finu ve 6, mert ma la paremmit Count (antina) 14, maar dis al by quaq Kabuki Vison; untilator vos cavity Enlarged a conquest, right Lalam, muna, na lift mili |  |  |\n\ntushin nga ba tay go for ipsa e lavandas, Kids of pay some d ! le ghovalý mu je jaal 5 5 M | Miliary, ferret, femme, woue in huncheong a pay, gray Kimayilmatig ( 2. sau af sancating printi Cartoon lost wide 152 55 7 'Cauitq, uchron! esabafocal de po\" marija; Cardiffwall,ku, banjut not gisting Oddernes altame segíti duet | Ending an cuisms in right, non fange het'nasa | Briting olur – Upper amin corean (added hitra tasks, mharaben, ujþar þastiqué u carly melamatóru in ML. 1335.5 60 baldai vetőm, ki nouaké narok'in pill Kong), What more text. Kad van 19 To demo Buscade tavid és teljes port til. | Alki polijt, mecdetur og beti. | canons on Aight\" Lage medly tanult maga a ulocation adlerims allow i divider lagen The übernatone slants found Tubaden scedired war vetessing, jou oë hase, vabler 125\" Jew ruching on caufasada que tan Aivars m Prancha portat 220 Hot O Kayle, barng generally officent, enforce found 127 ko. age, var planıdı 919, asas usual la Consign 220 124 130 Two milioni me avaluse Few malay In alcony, sumug at han « alsaq debesis, jauna, for a min kumdhangat bat Pulminary approved of rider standing. Pagishing enunties of moly for lothe - ― Plolun bot abuse of aloud wwthancu +",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 487737,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 90,
        "title": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "## Page 90\nNo Bestiale des Age Akin, Gwen, [pd\" Cuical glande \n\n140 \n\n3 \n\nM \n\nJ \n\nRight Lung \n\nLeft Lung \n\nSebagai seamana best | Whole Lung granite vi oppimised form | Carry Kviz qa and Tamporna nanoj \n\nplay inclusalting, byt | chady studded incltaną i gang filialia \n\nrappus naariulda que, gong kanilang sa \n\nfall frequen \n\nthighhigh \n\n4th styling + \n\nPlum \n\nRecerantial glance \n\nThink a sšlemak toe hy bang, Sulanged varme all groups, but this mught me wwith funtem Excl'argsta tindingy & aktu, hati suratly dumati \n\ncandal, fubuela, an upper feli \n\nuntuk lift \n\nIntestinia \n\nLiver \n\nAptem \n\n| does not adam me quedó – has wrong, tly upficial hakum, hit kanini Thon Victorian & kampanet) an \n\n89 \n\nIntracraniet \n\nRemarks \n\nko. \n\nVing weduped njection, probable when: 1 konung (lift rapportée), « Instinction, & Lung, von biang, \n\n240 \n\nDINNE \n\noffensool giant more focal glandular affention gaunatly \n\nJ \n\nEndogat ramanan að vigti dilan \n\n| U., Kaligran quran fake) = M \n\nKumar \n\n| Deucent along bayon | the bli vija jua musail form, wett a casandro fiunt \n\nshift side maky \n\nLALISK \n\n37 \n\nTabernalia keralafummamman vl'ausilio | large canf(imageriala kund anuntur \n\n(piline) via st. That tage of folate, be to \n\nAM! \n\nJatt bebe, ale oral cave forslandai M. \n\nthat gland më right litus ventumpul se i vraquotat, sedang- \n\nmust stijft, a vsa kubistine of sexy canalim \n\nte per fing Tra glauch zuloqué szarow \n\nmali ukilin \n\nAH.S + 35 \n\nfor there are most of hiring \n\n14 LI M 36 \n\n| Chattig masklar aukapera)”, B-qqosant autheran \n\noh wow upper Lexy plungime, une hept Sukmalum irmaolofonammmans it, mosting Adlivin one cipta spjau Enlarge mange til at det 100% vida. Koľa \n\nMiglia li czoláčím 1. \n\nHi ha aquad' thi vis, qui de praktorent \n\nML \n\n| Cortigċaralimus) was \"mchorasi'mon hortarlaps won Constige Tinigteren) M. “Indigovalam banda. Qolovima ir aptas vou type ingested a sustine gland at night Likes, nat \n\nVudy shumtim số the \n\nAnd entered reason, bad mer and extend for \n\n-\"bas Kochuvelen (kumpuest \n\nAnd whe \n\n11 Life calia + dutta | Miliang tindirila ogging sold at 10 kan ske almy dylanzamen | porbonić upatta qangir dalang \n\nin front pad of paid en of \n\nLisboa due implanto \n\nwał w płacis \n\n|| Cichqon of migla hidung tinat \n\nHow muliery \n\n241 \n\nLAL \n\nLas \n\nلين عيكم لي \n\nV \n\nAufmen putredial castpos me \n\nmyli wide. \n\nThe miliony, all suproficial Keany story on ever \n\nMany auchany out base along Subarinn fincere \n\n[WL \n\nHal 3-12 May \n\n14 I \n\n+ \n\n- \n\nMalay grey more as any guy pocasional image in internetinktas mashatit me unghi Centerque, segist wich, nath\" forest\" ja vastatin \n\nGulayed, aural adlines, many cantau \n\n1447 J \n\nM.$/ \n\n|18 karamą, Kibarko zrakový di tratt frin; condom heilspy & quay hi lampaced Kong int \n\nLeben \n\nbvimo farine del cavan in tight side \n\n14. \n\nL + \n\nK \n\nFondit qua\" ka taga of fathom Fistinction by deed off incurvaria and lobe, kantonalefnammmata in film, hittila on night, Häckened i \n\nal' at line. \"Communia kellőkevitščini, ma zasty stīga \n\nCollar & Fabermalas glands as upper part of \n\n| Bus tulangist Trang of pics srautas, (ku vna cumikas \n\nkutiny mauendi comme forent\" \n\nMoraitis fenteen peper que simin seederqui, coolme, norus. \n\nHow mustang, mcorby all m \n\nHuomat warging from widiary recommcmont large. \n\nKim to dish of a fore \n\nfrom Kan I wear me the dismaltrate, forms on this \n\nsagana 150 mme quer Cassati tufanda \n\nHarry untion on tonal timungk \n\nProbably benuary alimentary \n\n| hänga mamak belitian, \n\nthyl) {utadvent] ba đ \n\nZaw meshing, a manje poly Viri olarga (laen in Karten | 18 18. oblige skatera kabinama lang sa kan \n\nin unter d \n\nCher metasing is con \n\ntug \n\nR \n\nنے یہ \n\nCarinis glaub, kita, opentraalial mogli sams \n\nshes of bone she met \n\n150. \n\nD \n\nने \n\n2 \n\nClarity studded all through with grey \n\nLester \n\n| Oman from opperial purmat kasking In \n\nStyle cuda egen mot of su gland at lidu, m \n\nne značku, gang fibiades olidated. Kray! Ka \n\nmiling \n\nnight\" sada, veoma or digit \n\nfor w \n\n251 \n\nDS \n\nN 40 \n\n| Covilų (manga) 61, Kaburutan bosofo bilay ago Along Court, mert ein to \n\nAtterret might upper life Exalongadu zanzman põhiline le pidu, honest \n\nAfL \n\nM \n\n> \n\n1 \n\n25 J \n\nM \n\nfrontenditious busad of penemasta. V. 18. \n\n\"Then camemus feu (beanojota), milion haiding meadhied (Gray) for lobe, \n\nMirough Hunt\" of loung \n\nagny \n\nmandal glandin a fun tatmortem mulli” wighti \n\nConcan ventsuget framarracheal growth night side \n\nKa Patil y Futuretan bere aliquamnand Phonics on regis vide \n\nJones of prime up for fred of the \n\n154 \n\n+ \n\nJ \n\nАряне довед \n\nKacharak, pil bīm, us forum foray into the for What's in Flaniere lytside \n\nL \n\nbrida, a fraskať tuloged remanem bre, nelin \n\n## Page 91\n1 \n\nHas any \n\n2481 \n\nJAY \n\nLuar \n\nand admired. possibly by regrating trails from gloved at upper spasi qetë media, ar \n\nbut must post l'avante \n\nکی دیگر کے \n\nThis Jong rundy Both sys \n\nLug \n\nLungs primarily most affected freat me tenang ball ice corelated glaced. \n\n250 \n\nof fruity nggugat fiskaln \n\nK \n\nSarunas Time \n\nla comung widermy a mas su prima datang shown use. Make the item bi dampreet, for at home, won ne vomical mening \n\nalim safada a l'hongand be to f Age of and \n\nucaí en bjť\" auftume past! quin \n\n| Apane munting listemeke, at have recei \n\n247 \n\nHow suition \n\n252 \n\nFotos Kanin Püree sadık \n\nServet veilang di from head \n\nHow melonry at have \n\ntexts lung inthischt hat had \n\nexpanding gend \n\n253 \n\nTractory do prowhead, \n\nKaum low \n\nsusan. | Har midlaany in cortical aven \n\nhango offrand to be older art”, Kine Kå porth math may hawn Lagu Minang. K. dialing \n\n454 \n\nC \n\nof sight' bað mig \n\nI brouss generated in funtarum munakry, na waitinal or mountain games affecettes forad \n\nMo Imitig die tye. Min kangjesi tautat daude \n\nLAS M M2 \n\nRight Lenny \n\nLythm \n\nPleura \n\nHessiastical glands \n\nTakamalam, bosankafesinintman, all Lobis, maan taivastaa berada jaunumu, bett béka, Čabinet Lane Caj, oj right sides. Folia » jointrastral nadangel z omten, menght matt Jaunt bonus 10, a sanga na (filler) a",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 487742,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 95,
        "title": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "## IGS LY \nM 25 \nGAY.ST | 14 \n1952.2 \n196 M \n147 CS \n\nMy \nH \n3 \n716 \n195 L 5.3NJ 199 Kuck \n100 \n14 \nMJO \nJ \n1 \n1 \nT \n1 \n\nRights Long \nLeft Lung \nPlum \nMediastinal glands \nhumanas armall carcinoma cup lamina gifilbert) ileapartin e early cavitation 101, Joly- Primary large kakay naming Calanquet in right, but planning, paid va \n\nPakaian, is almalim brancalaf andersons of long || LA. \n\nQuebrada \n\nI \nTudorska va cafii piltuva \n\nforvente only \n\nGelininu mer rigte sa stránce Ansethu gland miʻrightclubus, but no meu of \n\nsón valgčasti until s play \n\nIndolan affection of t \n\nEndargrál gliade mgli bulma, nos cansaling \n\nMentiria glands \n\nINFESTUNEE \n\nLiver \nAptee \n\nLand- ummary \nThe maching me acreface out that has an Bateria is par \n\n↑ 1000 lote mudy, Kabinendras Juraaka- \n||unamma King), bet, with curly \n\nmiratima za upper. \n| Fran{clem) inatown tha, gray aborda tray iborala Kongarak \n\nme mid of loung \n\nCREW,1 ME E L \n-11 un solanged, but only to mega of a fiú, cranimo \n\nform Implete doen in from Liftack glanti dagur [ú cum musfandy caneMA \n\nInbrendan, bunul oporcionemsen Kosuglant, inca comtése in 1, and, as dogmat bed, for allerlows the velonged at right handen a zesekamming a forme of \n\nMidiary this raglost? \n\ncarolim fine mitj \n\nCaritation (pren la walnut)a.sk, Pomaka, į Cavilikum Körgl sha, daught sig og walls Adhwant othe shamed on ngit\" the gland nu ngis rankinged, but not thrinely \n\n- mit der ta, da stage of metal sank \n\nsith; indirilika i ufilmnarna het videa Vicherantes. \n\nComramfrema(bemu) (owner part of a Miliary in \n\ncha milsong in stan, kauan ke Pol \n\n## 94 \nIntracranial \n\n## Remarks \nha \n193 \nТибетована на низкоторы \n\nNAMANTAT \nHilary of muruinque, but nume \n\nLion Lome matka, koud wat very \n\nIGH \n195 \nFow miliary meningeal Visentu \n\nGrommet je mala m \n156 \nShow at ea quat Kabinska sen vagas käiku u berkingual Cubmato brez on Some \n\nAllin, aged pagan, ginud puidorssat alight (veti alia si offries, sili & Aut of gratui \n\n197 \nof you. \nNew mem \n\nKunding at have \n\nNo forms found. \n\nigs \n| Mulang lubuska roavat at ban nolong Superformer, | \"Phitlun, but practical scheine of gland subseal, 1981, canal was monaputte, \n\nap M \n199 \nSputum stragical glanda cudurgik reasonar m \n\nngit sit au m \n„Mes te size of a pus stared a manns frai \n\nmuition fees, ne mudist may same as two \n\nÉ melon madis \n| Many makang dubina, albona alay Iyanımı pornos, \n\nacorral e internal \n\nIngars of sentirai Lemfonts. feus r \n\nharap mani\" affected o formmarily, teraconed to encounced affect too \n\n200 \nthesi \n\" \n201 \n* \n| Contattatymo 14. litija of fat. “Todo manting tormandy – † “Frakt voolum la þat ke kola, sanity (Iran) \n\nHamman yan kanssa, \n\nImricher in Jigs Fang \n\nbuforged glaud að kyt kilos, hatine 'canteme \n\nLL \nI \n201 A \n1 \nComitif Cancelling Farmer for 1), vas tinding lith. \"Fille fut all Krogh \n\nCharly (band) & \"Tak'la þort, vistigting but n \n\nLife » Masson. Oni GIUL \n\nbatang on wright,” food an Hy \n\nKalarat za sightinīta, algo mankan Pulang Pannu ngand, arkyrkitu Anged thing all égentes Jopen \n\n201 \nΣ \nH \n5 \nMilsamy maadóná Jóng) att lek \n\nJame \nvas right\" \n\n204 flud H aik L \nJor T \n\n## LOG \nA \n207 LK \n\n= \nM 41 \nH \n7 \nI \nLadil, Subangla a plan \n\ndispersed Korugh all l'obs \n\nasher (bean) will oftly Imagender, am, the \n\n| Kingli Angland Primar chita, va da, \n\nm \n| Inst. on a group of michany z gory Fibrock \n\nding Piskurinn generally disalindrated, but him in Canyo gry Millwroles ins W. rely, a hors \n\nJHL \nMare in right frvang. \n\nM \nMilna stradal subanged best zidar. Di Gjertelen man anatoa \n\nceltiqul gland. \"Sa monaflu case si 12 sepper glaude atright hitun \n\nse an sulargal gland erotismong \n\na carte \nMito 1-Prestial giando caezan sa rigli” sida \n\nat amat postage, which, has sust mál | Pyromány ne legyʻmat\"| Asing was craftened a matig légute se Pha\" K ||Blues – Papuanovičama kakő elving \n\nJudly super pa \n\"glaicha in Barʻsadi, congé nabi tefinity net pat \n\n201 \nriting uten durerat a korda catangas, met die sújt of a fiúborat \n\nProse present\" rietumandapan, working his milesting \n\nJan Karanfi \n\nHow machiney at the Fam \n\nPrisscary setasunsong \n\n201 \n1 Ča \n\nlarge, to brighted. \n\nfire, selungal to viņa iş alan nalang dinal comme \n\nAram then 1 felmaks an \n\nEstar Indore ulpa ucmungsten, kam vistettindaj kan worden, at le \n\nimplant. \n\n## 405 \n4 \n$ \n· Torun, aut a little snalargada-metra enc \n\nKammerman madugung Gülcarte \n| Mechanges shared of wilting Siebarokia, neart, my verdy Kam beque \n\n204 \n(imleri\") focus of sometime \n\nEntrance Faberemban fognak massorny! Th; theme fabordes de i practita ij, \n\n• gepleid \n\nThe mo \n\nPeak fun Tabrakan minangila \n\nZor \nAunore at here aroung to priam summa, alas na rekama sintern \n\npodien fra in vertic \n\n406 \nKam mammal mutsen in den Hins veidukny \n\nbang, Parquety from muiling Bathing How for \n\nli amalijan, asternt amcAW \n\nIriding a gray Kabrake for 1 bladdery",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 489023,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 171,
        "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "## 1 \n\n201 \n\n\n-3 \n\n169 \n\n* Gaining a preference which was always refused to the cable companies in the past, and have thus effectively \"ousted the latter from the position which they had built up during a period of close relationship with the Chinese Government dating from 1870\".\n\n6. When this loan was first concluded, its terms were kept secret, but various reports gained circulation that under its provisions the Ministry of Communications controlled the erection of wireless stations at certain places in China, among others at Batang on the Thibetan border. Lord Curzon took this matter up with the Japanese Ambassador, and let it be clearly understood that Great Britain would not acquiesce in the creation of such a station by Japan, and Viscount Chinda, on behalf of his Government, eventually stated officially that the Batang station would not be proceeded with.\n\nHere the position \n\n7. Wireless Tolarambe and Relayhung :- is very involved. The earlier phases have been summarized in two departmental memoranda, of which copies are enclosed herewith.\n\nFive definite agreements have been made with China dealing with wireless matters. Those are :- \n\n| Agreement | Date |\n| --- | --- |\n| The Larnen Contract | November 16th, 1917 |\n| The Mitsui Wireless Contract | February 21st, 1919 |\n| The Morcosi Wireless Kolgahana Contract | August 17th, ... |\n| The Gordoni Wireless Tolgecanh Contract | Gotch eg ... |\n| The Chinese National Wireless Telegraph Company | ... |\n\n(1) Larnen Contract:- This was negotiated by the Minister of War, a notorious pro-German, with the Danish subject Larsen. It was a maneuver for a contract with a German firm, and in consequence of the objections lodged by the British and Japanese Legations, the contract was finally disallowed by the Chinese Government.\n\n10. (2) Mitsui Wireless Contract:- Is practically identical with the Larsen contract. To all intents and purposes, the agreement was filched by the Japanese, who knew that we claimed a prior right for Marconi in view of an undertaking given by the Chinese on April 8th, 1914, to the latter.\n\n11. The main provisions are the erection of one large wireless station in China (Tungchow, near Peking, has since been selected) capable of communicating direct with Japan or America; and the term is 30 years, during which period China bound herself by a supplementary declaration of March 5th not to permit the construction by any one other than Mitsui of a wireless station for communication as above, nor might China herself erect such a station. The rights of the cable companies up to 1931 were specifically safeguarded, but it was clearly indicated that immediately that date was reached, Japan meant to claim the right to unrestricted wireless communication abroad. In reporting on this agreement, Sir John Jordan made the following comment:- \n\n\"While the publication of the full text of the agreement does not materially increase our previous knowledge of the details of the transaction and throws little additional light on the obscure question of the position of the cable companies, it has revealed the all-important fact...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 489034,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 182,
        "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "# od red of bice 28: JasmGE' \n\nanted ani anitate edt \n\n.jkc \n\n100. \n\nA nnot ligozza let \n\nprad on birdəqə Aidi \n\nedt at vad de \n\n+ \n\ncopy of the memorandum thereon by the Ministry of Communications, and it is on this memorandum, apparently, that Sir J. Jordan relies for his far-reaching conclusions as to Japanese aims in regard to the control of the telegraph system in China. This memorandum indicates the construction of wireless stations at Ch'ih-feng (Jehol), Taku (Chihli), Ch'ang An (i.e., Hsianfu), Chungking (Szechuan), and Batang (on the Szechuan-Thibetan marches). The cost of these five stations will be about 1,500,000 dollars. With regard to the material, Sir J. Jordan, in his despatch No.104 of the 15th March, 1919, says that the present Kalgan station (Telefunken) will be removed to Ch'ang An (Hsianfu), and for the other four the German Telefunken material will be used, which was contracted for in January 1914, and delivered secretly in 1917, and the existence of which the Chinese Government had long denied.\n\nOther provisions of the Telegraph Loan relate to the construction and reparation of seven land lines, five of which are situated in outlying provinces, at a total cost of some 6,000,000 dollars. Sir J. Jordan in his despatch No.285 of the 17th June, 1918 (when he was still under the impression that Japan had secured a practical monopoly of wireless telegraphy in China) wrote that by these two loan agreements Japan had largely attained her aim, revealed six years ago, of securing the eventual control of the telegraph policy of China. The money to be advanced by Japan, it may safely be concluded that the Telegraph Loan contemplated Japanese supervision of the maintenance and extension of the land line system throughout China, and Sir J. Jordan, in June 1918, drew attention to the fact that the agreement laid special stress on the repair and extension of telegraph lines in the frontier provinces, and expressed the opinion that the use of Japanese money and engineers for this purpose in outlying portions of the country like...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 489035,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 183,
        "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "## 081 \n\n1 \n\nI \n\n181 \n\nILV \n\n*toto Hau \n\nci bua** aði \n\nC \n\n500, (trurio@al) qatışarı \n\nLa Juan b . Jodor \n\njamalte, nan,608, \n\nto burok 200 \n\n(1) makinta maş[A] Ben \n\n25 701 S \n\nA US \n\n་ \n\n' \n\nBIL \n\na boruse; b \n\nule rol bent-* \n\nmaru of ysñol n. \n\nvabast 15 21 \n\nqe hial ornaments and dæid Jon \n\nel call di stiwaleč lo nolaneja \n\nAl panjang CNG HEA \n\nThe New Dominion, and Outer Mongolia, connoted a not altogether comfortable extension of Japanese influence to regions where it had hitherto been unknown. He now writes that he has been unable to discover how much of the Telegraph Loan proceeds have been devoted to the execution of the telegraph programme, outlined above, but that it is highly probable that the greater portion has been used for other purposes.\n\nThe Director of Military Intelligence in a note to the Foreign Office, dated the 4th September, 1918, regretted the control of Chinese telegraphs thus passing into the hands of Japan, especially the establishment of a Telefunken wireless station at Batang, which would open facilities for communications with Tibet not possessed by India, and of the land line to Cheng tu.\n\n## Marconi Company's Negotiations\n\nThe Marconi negotiations, which had been carried on spasmodically since 1909, had been broken off in 1917 on the signing of the Larsen Agreement. In requesting His Majesty's Government's assistance at that time, the Japanese Government had most disingenuously overlooked the Marconi Company's claim and had virtually asked us to recognise a Japanese monopoly of wireless business in China, which they claimed as being a \"German concession\", basing their claim on a non-existent secret agreement between the Chinese Government and the Telefunken Company.\n\nThe Secretary of State (despatch No.7 of the 30th January, 1918, to Tokyo) draws attention to this somewhat novel doctrine that Japan would not witness with equanimity the establishment of wireless telegraphy in China by any other power than Japan itself.\n\nAs Sir J. Jordan pointed out in his Memorandum to the Japanese Chargé d'Affaires (Peking despatch No.108 of the 5th March)",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 489040,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 188,
        "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "## 281\n\n\n## 186 \n\nA \n\nThe matter relates to the negotiations with the Chinese Government regarding the establishment of a wireless telegraph factory, and the involvement of the National Wireless Telegraph Company, presumably for the setting up and working of the above-mentioned wireless factory.\n\n\"The Japanese\", writes Sir J. Jordan, \"are paying very close attention to the above-mentioned negotiations, which, if successful, should materially diminish the Japanese hold over wireless telegraphy in the internal communications of China\".\n\nThis last despatch of Sir J. Jordan's, which I had not seen at the time of the meeting of the Eastern Committee on the 1st July, appears to establish a point in regard to which I felt considerable misgivings, viz., that the hold acquired by the Japanese over the wireless telegraphy system of China is by no means as far-reaching as we were at first led to believe. In fact, so far as we can judge, the prospects of the Marconi Company are just as good, if not better.\n\nThere remains, however, the fact that the Japanese Telegraph Loan comprises the establishment of a wireless station at Batang, and it was the establishment of this station which, in the opinion of the India Office (see their letter of the 4th October, 1918, `167211`), placed the Chinese Government in a position of great advantage over the Indian Government as regards facilities for telegraphic communication with Eastern Tibet and caused them to suggest, as a means of countering the Japanese project, the connection by wireless of Lhasa and Gyantse with some suitable spot in Eastern Tibet, which resulted in the proposal of the Indian Government to present the Tibetan Government with two wireless installations, one for Lhasa and one for use in Eastern Tibet.\n\nIn spite of the fact that we are now in possession through secret channels of the text of the Mitsui Agreement, and of a memorandum which accompanied the Japanese Telegraph Loan Agreement, though not of the agreement itself, I still consider the...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 489175,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 323,
        "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "# 321 \n\n2 \n\nCompanies were prolonged until 1910, and the proviso made that no other party will be allowed without the consent of both the said parties to land telegraph cables on the coast of China and islands belonging thereto or to work such cables in connection with the Chinese lines or otherwise to establish telegraph connections which might create competition with or injure the interests of the existing lines belonging to China or to the cable companies.\" In 1900, this proviso was extended till December 1930, and it was further confirmed in an agreement of 1913, and in an exchange of letters between the companies and the Chinese Government in August 1914, supplementary to the Landing Rights Agreement of 1913 between China and Japan. Fuller details of these arrangements could no doubt be obtained from the companies if required.\n\n9. The companies' monopoly has not been rigidly enforced. By an arrangement in 1904, an American company (Pacific Cable Company) and a German company (the Deutsch-Niederländische Telegraphen-Gesellschaft) were admitted to the Joint Purse Agreement and now have landing rights at Shanghai, and Japan acquired landing rights in 1913.\n\n10. In 1911 the Chinese Government took over control of all officially managed land telegraphs in China, and to meet the expenditure thus involved, they borrowed 500,000l from the British and Danish cable companies, who were given a lien on certain classes of land telegraph traffic as security. It is to this lien that reference is made in the recent Telegraph Loan with Japan, to which allusion will be made later in this memorandum.\n\n## (B) Wire Telegraphy\n\n11. In this there would in ordinary circumstances be no direct British interest. But in April, 1918, Japan concluded her so-called \"Telegraph Loan\" with China for 20,000,000 yen (2,000,000 at normal exchange) for a term of five years, secured on the whole wired telegraph system of China. China's obligations to the cable companies were expressly recognised, but there is the significant provision (articles 10 and 11) that if China alters her arrangements with the cable companies or the Chinese Telegraph Administration contracts any further loans abroad, China will first consult Japan. In forwarding this agreement Sir J. Jordan's comment was as follows:-\n\nWhile the prior liens of the Eastern Extension and Great Northern companies on the telegraph revenues under the agreements of 1900 and 1911 are specifically recognised by article 9, the Japanese obtain by article 11 a first option on all future foreign loans required by the Chinese Telegraph Administration for wire telegraph purposes, and by Annex 2 a first option on the nomination of foreign experts and on the supply of imported telegraph material. By obtaining these options the Japanese have succeeded in gaining a preference which was always refused to the cable companies in the past, and have thus effectively ousted the latter from the position which they had built up during a period of close relationship with the Chinese Government dating from 1870.\n\n12. When this loan was first concluded its terms were kept secret but various reports gained circulation. One of these was that under its provision the Ministry of Communications contemplated the erection of wireless stations at certain places in China, amongst others at Batang on the Tibetan border. Lord Curzon took this up with the Japanese Ambassador and let it be clearly understood that Great Britain could not acquiesce in the erection of such a station by Japan, and Viscount Chinda, on behalf of his Government, eventually stated officially that it would not be proceeded with.\n\n## (C) Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony\n\n13. Here the position is extremely intricate.\n\n14. Five definite agreements have been made with China dealing with wireless matters. These are (1) the Larsen Contract, the 16th November, 1917; (2) the Mitsui Wireless Contract, the 21st February, 1918; (3) the Marconi Wireless Telephone Contract, the 27th August, 1918; (4) the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Contract, October 1918; (5) the Chinese National Wireless Telegraph Company, the 24th May, 1919.\n\n3\n\n15. (1) Larsen Contract. Was negotiated by the Minister of Marine, a notorious pro-German, with the Danish subject, Larsen. It was a mere screen for a contract with a German firm, and in consequence of the objections lodged by the British and Japanese Legations the contract was finally disallowed by the Chinese Government.\n\n16. (2) Mitsui Wireless Contract. Is practically identical with the Larsen contract. To all intents and purposes the agreement was filched by the Japanese, who knew that we claimed a prior right for Marconi in view of an undertaking given the latter on the 8th April, 1914.\n\n17. The main provisions are the erection of one large wireless station in China (Tungchow, near Peking, has since been selected), capable of communicating direct with Japan, and Europe or America. The amount of the loan is 536,267l, and the term thirty years, during which period China binds herself, by a supplementary declaration of the 5th March, not to permit the construction by anyone other than Mitsui of a wireless station for communication as above, nor may China herself erect such a station. The rights of the cable companies up to 1931 are specifically safeguarded, but it is clearly indicated that immediately that date is reached Japan means to claim the right to unrestricted wireless communication abroad. In reporting on this agreement, Sir J. Jordan made the following indignant comment:\n\n18. While the publication of the full text of the agreement does not materially increase our previous knowledge of the details of the transaction, and throws little additional light on the obscure question of the position of the cable companies, it has revealed the all-important fact that the Japanese obtained on the 5th March, 1918—a fortnight after the signature of the agreement—a monopoly of China's external wireless communications for thirty years.\n\n19. It will be remembered that on the 20th February, 1918, I handed to the Japanese Legation a memorandum placing on record the fact that the only wireless telegraph concession which could be said to exist in China at that date was that of the British Marconi Company. It now appears that a fortnight later the Japanese forced the Chinese Government to enter into an undertaking to abrogate the British rights accruing under that concession by giving a monopoly for thirty years to the Mitsui Company, and binding themselves not to erect any other high-power station during that period.\n\n20. Not only is the description of the Japanese Government's action contained in the penultimate paragraph of my despatch No. 108 of the 5th March, 1918, fully borne out by the official information now available, but it is evident that that description did not go far enough. The Japanese Government did not confine themselves to snatching the enemy-tainted Larsen Agreement for the Mitsui Company, but they proceeded immediately to make use of the information imparted by me to Mr. Yoshizawa in order to erect a secret barrier in the shape of the monopoly declaration of the 5th March—against any further competition from the prior rights of the British company.\n\n21. \"I trust that His Majesty's Government will decide to inform the Japanese Government that they regard the monopoly declaration of the 5th March, 1918, as an infringement of undertakings previously given to the Marconi Company on the 8th April, 1914, and will authorise me to inform the Chinese Government at the same time that the validity of the declaration cannot be recognised.\"\n\n22. (3) Marconi Wireless Telephone Contract (Annex 2, Enclosure 1) for the purchase of 200 telephone sets. The loan was for 600,000l, of which about half was to be spent on the sets themselves, the remaining 300,000l being in the nature of a loan to the Ministry of War. In return, China agreed to adopt exclusively the Marconi wireless telephone system for the duration of the loan, and Marconi was to have first claim to establish in China a factory for the manufacture of wireless equipment. (This has since materialised—see (5) below.)\n\n23. (4) Marconi Wireless Telegraph Contract (Annex 2, Enclosure 4) for the establishment of wireless communication between Kashgar and Sianfu. There are to be three stations (Kashgar, Urumchi and Lanchow) and the cost is 200,000l.\n\n24. (5) Chinese National Wireless Telegraph Company (Annex 3), a joint stock Anglo-Chinese company, formed by the Chinese Government and Marconi Company.\n\n[56517 \n\nB 2",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 490013,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 504,
        "title": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "# Report on a Journey of Investigation into the Cultivation of the Opium Poppy in South Fukien, jointly with Officials appointed by the Chinese Government, by Mr. Turner.\n\nThe delegates selected by the Central and Provincial Governments respectively were Mr. Sou Gee Chuang, an official of the Board of the Interior, and Mr. Chan I'ai Kong, Taotai of Foochow and President of the Anti-Opium Bureau of Fukien. Mr. E. Cheers, of the Straits Settlement Police Service, acted as interpreter in the Amoy dialect, which is current in all the districts visited except Hing Hua, Sien Yu, and Hok Ching, south of Foochow.\n\nA rough map is attached showing the route taken, which embraced all the former principal poppy-growing centres of South Fukien. The distance covered was approximately 1,600 li, or 530 English miles, the journey occupying twenty-five days - from the 23rd February to the 19th March. In all, seventeen districts were examined out of a total of thirty-two comprised in the lower portion of the province.\n\nIn the first district visited, that of Hai Teng, the vigorous measures taken in the autumn by the local authorities checked extensive sowing, though a certain amount was discovered by the opium inspector in January and uprooted. In the spring of 1913, Captain Connelly, of the Hong Kong garrison, whilst on a shooting expedition, found large areas under poppy cultivation in the vicinity of Chhe Nia and the authorities taking no apparent action, but a local convert of Kang Boe, a neighbouring village, informed me that this region is now quite free. From reports of native pastors, I also learned that no poppy now existed in the broad belt of coast land south of Amoy and Hai Teng. (I have since heard from a missionary that he travelled through the whole of this country at the beginning of March without finding a trace of poppy.)\n\nForeigners who had recently made the journey from Changpu to Amoy having reported that the main route via O Sai had been cleared of poppy, I chose the northern road from Hai Teng, which branches off due west at T'eh Chui Ying, turning south again at Koan Jim through the Tng Kio and Kio Lai. As far as could be judged, this part of the country was now almost entirely given up to rice cultivation, the Nan Ch'i River and its tributaries affording an abundant water supply. Between Tng Kio, where we were met by a military officer in charge of 700 soldiers sent to uproot the poppy, and Changpu several fields where opium had been pulled up were passed, these being readily distinguished from the fact that, having been confiscated, they were now overgrown with weeds. Last spring, this region was one of the chief poppy-growing centres of the district. As far as I could gather, the soldiers arrived in December, meeting with no little resistance before the plant was eventually all destroyed.\n\nThe Changpu authorities appear to have counterbalanced their indifference of last spring, when there was extended cultivation throughout the district, by extreme severity in the autumn. Mr. Watson, of the English Presbyterian Mission at Changpu, told me that he was prepared to state positively that not a plant remained in the whole country between Changpu and Hai Teng, with the possible exception of a small patch hidden in a secluded valley near Toa Pu, of which he had heard many vague rumours. Mr. Watson's opinions were based partly on the declarations of the native pastors of his district at a recent conference at O Sai, and partly on personal observation during his periodical visits to native mission stations.\n\nFrom Changpu to Yunsiao, the road lies for some 8 or 9 miles over a broad, sandy, barren plain up to a range of hills some 1,200 feet high, crossed by a low pass, with a fertile valley producing rice, sugar-cane, barley, and beans on the other side. From Pan To Hsu to Tunsiao, the country is too hilly to suit the poppy, which requires the rich soil of the plains and a sheltered situation to thrive to perfection, and the task of the local authorities has accordingly been comparatively light. I learned that the district opium inspector had conducted a very strict examination in October and November last, whilst the magistrate himself informed me that of the thirty days he had been in office, twenty had been spent in scouring the country for any heads that might have eluded the observation of the inspector and his staff. Native reports confirmed the magistrate's assurance that no poppy was now left in the district.\n\nAt Chao An, I called on Father David de Miguel of the Roman Catholic Mission, who informed me that it was possible that a small quantity of poppy might still remain in the second tu or division of the magistracy, though the magistrate had a few weeks previously, on hearing of the tour of inspection, made a journey in person through this region and had a thorough uprooting. He was unable to say for certain if all had been removed, but assured me that the rest of the district was free, the people having been thoroughly scared by the arrival of the northern soldiers. The present magistrate, Mr. Chang Tseng Pa, has held office for six months. His predecessor took no steps to put a stop to the cultivation of the poppy, for which and for general maladministration he was eventually arrested and sent to Foochow for trial. Mr. Chang, on the other hand, has the reputation of being a very keen suppressionist and an able official; at the beginning of his campaign, he was placed in a difficulty by the opposition of the gentry, of whom a few leading members were financially interested in the cultivation of the drug, and were supporting the farmers in resisting the authorities. Mr. Chang promptly arrested two of the most influential, and has since had the support of the remainder. He told me that barley and tobacco were largely replacing the former opium crops. This applies in fact to the whole of the country west of Changchow, the large areas under tobacco, the leaf of which is, however, of an inferior quality, being particularly noticeable.\n\nThe country between Chao An and Ping Ho, on the borders of Kuangtung province, is little frequented by foreigners, and no reports had been received regarding the opium measures in force there. Consequently, although this part of the province has never had the reputation of being a large opium-producing centre, I was anxious to discover whether as clean a sweep had been made as in those districts nearer to the control of the high provincial authorities. Practically the whole of the 60 miles between Chao An and Ping Ho is mountainous, but the hill slopes are mostly under terrace cultivation and the valleys rich with a vast variety of native crops, rice, barley, sugar-cane, and sweet potatoes being the staple products.\n\nAfter leaving Chao An, we passed through the second tu of the district, where I had been informed there was a possibility of finding poppy, but I discovered neither traces of it nor signs of recently disturbed fields. This is probably explained by the fact that in practice, confiscated land is frequently sold back to the village or clan to which it belonged, the penalty for growing the forbidden plant being thus a double fine.\n\nAs regards the Ping Ho district, little pressure was required to induce the farmers to abandon cultivation, and it had not been found necessary to call for troops. At Sio Khe, a local missionary informed me that suppression measures had been most severe, and that, so far as the strict enquiries he had made went, the district was quite free from poppy. A native pastor had, however, informed him that a small patch was being grown in a secluded spot 20 miles north of Lung Shan; but Mr. Vosknil was confident that, if such were indeed the case, it was not being grown with the connivance of the opium inspector, of whom he spoke very highly. I was unable to ascertain the exact locality of the field.\n\nFrom native sources at Lam Ching, I learned that young poppy had been freely uprooted in December, the owner of one field being fined 800 dollars. On the whole, however, the autumn sowing had not been excessive. A reward of 100 dollars was being offered for information of any poppy still growing instead of the usual percentage of the fine imposed. Here, as elsewhere, all sorts of rumours with regard to the inspection of the province were current, the country people firmly believing that if any opium were discovered, both the grower and the district magistrate would be shot and a fine of several hundred thousand dollars demanded by the British Government.\n\nAt Changt'ai, from all accounts, the magistrate, Mr. Sou Gee Chen, a brother of the metropolitan delegate, appears to have cleared his district thoroughly. I passed through the chief former opium-growing region, and found it now almost entirely under barley.\n\nFrom Changt'ai, I took a by-road through Be Iun and Pho Tan to Koan Khau, where no traces of a former large poppy-field were now visible. The aspect of the country here changes, the hills of the west giving way to a broad plain, across which a clear view of several miles is obtained on all sides. Between Koan Khau and Ch'uan Chow lies the largest poppy-producing district of Fukien, the yield of former years in the Tong An district, according to semi-official Chinese estimates, being 50 per cent of that of the whole province.\n\nThe zone of greatest activity lies immediately south of Teng An itself, particularly in the neighbourhood of Mahang. For this reason, Teng An has been...\n\nPage 27\n\n... \n\nPage 503",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 493273,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-477 - Public Offices - 1922",
        "page_number": 181,
        "title": "CO129-477 - Public Offices - 1922",
        "content_text": "181\n\nG\n\nare more or less equally divided and engrossed with their own rivalries. Shensi and Kueichow and Kuangsi are unimportant provinces, dependent on and influenced by their more powerful surroundings. The only inaccessible province that matters is Szechuan, which is secure in its own isolation, and possibly could only be brought into subjection by a boycott of its exports. As my recent experiences are connected with Szechuan, I feel that this province requires the most delicate handling; the feeling of restlessness may pass away with the struggle of contending factions, and the rise of a strong man to power. There is always the danger, however, of some imprudent action by a foreigner diverting the unrest to a movement against the white man, and causing a trouble which no one can foresee.\n\nSir,\n\nChengtu, December 14, 1921.\n\nEnclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nConsul-General Hewlett to Sir B. Alston.\n\n11\n\nG. PEREIRA.\n\nChengtu, December 24, 1922.\n\nIN my despatch No. 29 of the 21st November I mention \"disappointment at the results of the Pacific Conference as among the causes which might lead to popular movements against foreigners.\n\nOn the 19th December I was warned privately that all the schools, including the Union University, intended to go out on strike on the 21st December as a protest against the decision of the Powers, as reported in telegram which had been received by the student body here, to supervise the finances of China and to allot Tibet to Great Britain and Mongolia to Japan.\n\nOn the 20th December I called on the Deputy for Foreign Affairs, who confessed complete ignorance of the movement, and who asked me to keep Liu Yu-Chiu duly informed if the students carried out their intentions.\n\nThere was no need, however, for any such action on my part, as the students published the whole of their programme, including the route to be followed, in the native press. In addition to the student agitation, the Chamber of Commerce issued an appeal to the heads of every trade guild summoning them to a meeting. \"According to a telegram,\" ran the appeal, \"the Powers have discussed the supervision of China. Our Northern and Southern delegates there are divided in opinion. To the final extermination of our country lies before our very eyes..... We mean to rouse to action all the people here.\n\nThe students issued two letters, one to their teachers, the other to all scholars. In the former, after stating that they are frequently in receipt of letters and telegrams from home and abroad reporting that all their most ardent hopes are being destroyed at the Pacific Conference, they continue: \"We want to rouse the people and to form a foreign relations defence society. The matter involves the prestige of our country, so we ask you for one day's leave, and beg you to grant your students absolute freedom of action.\n\nI understand the leave was not actually granted, but no steps were taken to stop the demonstrations. In the latter letter they again reiterate their intention to rise and form the defence society, as the \"Pacific Conference, in so far as the reconstruction of China is concerned, has completely destroyed all our hopes,\" and they appeal for united action among themselves.\n\nThe processions were perfectly orderly, and foreigners passing them were in no way insulted or molested.\n\nSpecial students had been selected to give addresses during the parade through the streets. These students entered the tea-shops and harangued the people. Weeping copiously, they explained how China was on the verge of extermination, how after an existence of 5,000 years as a nation the Chinese people were now to become slaves of the Powers, no better than beasts of burden, and they urged their audiences to combine against foreign aggression.\n\nIn addition to these speeches, pamphlets were scattered broadcast. A few extracts will suffice to show the nature of these documents :-\n\n\"Arise quickly, stir up your merchant guilds, your farmer guilds, your labour organisations and every class of guild or society, and follow our example.\"\n\nThe middle school of the Union University, of which Yang Shao-ch'uan is the principal, issued the following:-\n\n\"The conference has decided to hand over Manchuria and Mongolia, an area of several million square li, to the control of Japan; Tibet, a territory which produces gold, to Great Britain. Tibet adjoins Batang, Litang and Tachientu and is practically a part of Szechuan. If all China arises to oppose these measures, we may still have a little hope.\"\n\nThe French school is responsible for the following :-\n\n\"China's administrative and financial control are both to be handed over to the Powers.\n\nThe eastern provinces go to Japan. The western provinces, such as Szechuan, Tibet and Yunnan and Kueichow, go to Great Britain. Southern and northern provinces will be divided between France, America and Russia, according to their propinquity. Here we have out-and-out the division of China.”\n\nThe \"Public\" School gives eight demands which are to be telegraphed to their representatives at the conference, Yü Jih-chang and Chiang, with the bidding that they be firmly pressed for:-\n\n1. Equality for all countries.\n\n2. Negotiations between countries must be public, not secret.\n\n3. China's territory, administrative powers, mines, railways and every kind of trading rights must never be wrested from her by force.\n\n4. Tsingtau must be restored without negotiations\n\n5. China's Parliament having been dissolved, no secret treaties made since the dissolution can be recognised.\n\n6. All leased territories and special privileges acquired by the Powers to be abrogated.\n\n7. Abolition of extra-territorial jurisdiction.\n\n8. Revision of the customs tariff.\n\nTheir pamphlet ends: \"All provinces, students and assemblies, officials and gentry must be requested by telegram to ask the Northern and Southern Governments to fix a limit of time within which we will make our internal affairs at one, so that we may oppose the foreigner.\"\n\nThe agricultural college is the most outspoken: Who would have thought when the conference started that heart and gall could have been so utterly poisonous, and that Powers who deserve to be absolutely exterminated root and branch should avail themselves of this opportunity to discuss the partition of our territory, the control of our finances? Matters grow worse from day to day.\"\n\nAlthough nothing untoward occurred, the pamphlets and speeches are bound to bear fruit. I had men out listening to the speeches, and the weeping students produced a decided effect. Tea-shop comment was: Yes, it is quite true: these foreigners are too brutal for words.\"\n\nThe use of Chinese characters, although coming naturally in this place, is worthy of notice. I am convinced that the comment made in my despatch No. 34 of the 5th December is correct, and that the day has come when all the various societies are combining under this society.\n\nThis society, wishing for political ends to bind together certain factions in north and south, has seized on either false rumours or deliberate fabrications regarding decisions arrived at in Washington to start a movement, which now cannot be checked and which will probably spread rapidly. Once more they find that any appeal to resist the foreigner is the rallying cry, and this fact should cause those who maintain anti-foreign feeling on a certain scale does not exist to weigh their opinions more carefully.\n\nIn Szechuan, in any case, the fact may be bluntly stated, and had better be fearlessly faced, “generally speaking, the foreigner is absolutely hated.”\n\nI have, &c.\n\nW. M. HEWLETT.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-477 - Public Offices - 1922.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 494504,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-479 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 49,
        "title": "CO129-479 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "In the first place classes in wound-dressing, and in first aid were established in several towns, as for instance in Batavia, Buitenzorg, Soekaboemi and Bandoeng, and also voluntary ambulance-brigades were formed. This was done in 1914.\n\nIn the next year the Central Committee of the Society realised, that, if the Society intended to work more actively, it had to be re-organized.\n\nTill that time the Society consisted only of a Central Committee in Batavia, the members of which were appointed by Government, without regular contributors, to which in the year before were added \"delegated members\" in different towns.\n\nNow many local branches were formed, which had their own committees, and raised contributions from their members. So were established branches in: Batavia, Semarang, Padang, Kota-Radja, Buitenzorg, Medan, Malang, Makassar, Magelang and afterwards also in Sourabaya.\n\nAnother change in the articles of the Society was, that social work was also made one of its objects, as well as relief in epidemics, accidents and other natural disasters.\n\nThe social work till now consists of establishing policlinics and public health nursing,\n\nI wish to give you some data regarding this work.\n\nA policlinic was established in Batavia, and the number of patients, who were attended there, increased as this table shows you:\n\nFrom 8th March 1915 till ultimo December 1915758\n1st May 1916, 1st May 19171852\nIn the year 191827312\n191938995\n192056078\n192142741\n\nThis mighty increase of patients shows more than long descriptions can do, the popularity of this Red-Cross-Policlinic! Also in Buitenzorg a policlinic was established in 1916, and there also the number of patients increased from 707 in first year to 22696 in 1920.\n\nThe Red-Cross-Branch in Buitenzorg was the first to start public health nursing, and in the beginning not without success, but afterwards, as the work at the policlinic and in the Hospital, Buitenzorg was the first place in the Dutch Indies, where the Red Cross managed one-, was extending in such a rapid manner, while the staff of nurses was not enlarged proportionately, the out-door-work decreased.\n\nThe Malang Red Cross Branch did splendid work at Taloen after the Kloet-eruption of 1918.\n\nIn Batavia the Branch organized a well-equipped Red Cross-brigade, divided into a transport-section and a nursing-section which were to join the army in times of war.\n\nThe popularity of the policlinic in Batavia, caused a second policlinic to be opened in another district of this town and also at Mr. Cornelis, a town which borders upon Batavia, where in the second year of its existence (1920) already 24402 patients, and in the third year 32967 patients were attended to.\n\nBesides all this work, the Dutch East Indies Section of the Red Cross continues also, what it was accustomed to do in earlier times, before the re-organisation: namely to send money to the Dutch Red Cross, to help in relieving the sufferings caused by the Anglo-Boer war and other wars, and afterwards it sent money to the Dutch Consuls in places through which, after the Great War, released prisoners-of-war passed.\n\nIn this short sketch I have tried to give you an idea of the work, which the Dutch East Indies Section of the Netherlands Red Cross has done during its existence.\n\nThis is really not so little, but social work forms only a small portion of its activities.\n\nWhy? This is one of the questions on which our report should dwell.\n\nWhen the Red Cross was re-organized, it found here the Government as well as other voluntary agencies doing similar work, as, for instance, the \"Orange Cross\", battling with leprosy; the \"Green Cross\" and the \"Wijkverpleging\", which does public health nursing; the Central Association for\n\n4€",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-479 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [1-3].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 495443,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 113,
        "title": "CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "It appears that the input text is a jumbled collection of characters, words, and phrases that have been incorrectly recognized by an OCR (Optical Character Recognition) engine. The text contains a mix of languages, including English, Chinese, and possibly others, and is heavily distorted.\n\nTo follow the instructions provided, I will attempt to correct the text to the best of my abilities.\n\n## Step 1: Identify the Main Issues\nThe main issues with the input text are:\n- Jumbled and incorrect character recognition\n- Presence of multiple languages\n- Distorted formatting\n\n## Step 2: Correcting the Text\nUpon closer inspection, it becomes clear that the text is not coherent and does not form meaningful sentences or paragraphs in any single language. The OCR output seems to have failed to correctly recognize the original text, resulting in a mixture of characters and words.\n\n## Step 3: Applying the Rules\n1. **Format**: The original text does not have a clear structure, making it difficult to apply Markdown formatting directly.\n2. **Reasonable adding of words and re-ordering**: Due to the jumbled nature of the text, it's challenging to identify complete sentences or paragraphs to correct or re-order.\n3. **Correct spelling errors**: Many of the words are not recognizable, making it hard to correct spelling errors.\n4. **Fix spacing issues**: The text has irregular spacing, but correcting this without understanding the original content is challenging.\n5. **Rejoin broken sentences**: Sentences are not identifiable, making it difficult to rejoin them.\n6. **Restore paragraph breaks**: Paragraphs are not discernible.\n7. **Indicate missing words**: It's hard to determine where words are missing.\n8. **Do not rephrase or rewrite**: This rule is followed as the task is to correct errors, not to change the content.\n9. **Format in Markdown**: The output should be in HTML using `` for paragraphs.\n\n## Step 4: Analyzing the Content\nUpon analyzing the content, it appears that there are snippets or fragments of text that could be related to various topics, including historical records or statistical data. However, the text is too distorted to extract meaningful information.\n\n## Step 5: Outputting in HTML\nGiven the instructions to output in HTML and the state of the input text, the most appropriate action is to present the text in a basic HTML format without attempting to correct the content beyond recognition.\n\nC'ERPS\n\nElpompaar forume,\n\nPr... \n\n10- kanter Kellary. Tuberonkaj \n\nJa Tuberkoll free \n\nthe Oller didesnel valencia \n\nJl. Tukopeniaman af van Mgmt \n\nTalpadedant Isaamin \n\nMylapor \n\nqaj Simmelka \n\n10. Dapat | \"Çakersalmela \n\n(8) Unimekiri \n\nh--m- \n\n(0) Truebestier podertua \n\nDe Arte porn amat jal \n\nJmeman of His Morand merely \n\n1 Lane and only malig \n\nit Caves and allow mig \n\nJatrandam, mer. \n\nday qikes dalgaanklan \n\nT \n\n15 Cam med vekkang akartam t \n\n| mal stipa makaumut \n\ntagavad meher vegana an \n\nLA \n\nGM \n\nFum →→ \n\nal Chanan Nhamomgaanaryj \n\n4. Ukame naskah \n\nIN taky \n\nJa Distan \n\nSa Kampkaleda poštěn \n\n+ \n\nRETURN skriege SUMBER ! CALVES Y DEATHE Trans Afriky a Fiar (item; the Indian of Deanalar, 1999. \n\nCHINESE FOR NITY \n\nTemalar the forume Aux Palam \n\nАнтин \n\nPAUDAT \n\nHa D1. \n\nΗ \n\n! \n\n1 \n\nH \n\nH \n\nK-m \n\n| \n\nIT Irin \n\n! \n\nATLAN \n\nلاد \n\nLET \n\n121 \n\n16 \n\nPL \n\nบ \n\nH \n\nE \n\nMA \n\nde 4 \n\nTel \n\nPhun \n\n1- \n\n་\n\nTIPAR \n\nH \n\n100 \n\n軔 \n\n. \n\nบ \n\nW \n\n:4 \n\nL \n\n露 \n\nHr \n\nTHE \n\nBarmou \n\nCARRIA \n\nA \n\nC'YINLANT. \n\nBeranged fur unqual \n\n27 | Kammar) (manjka \n\n| vaipenteketeava. \n\n25 (e) Java Webelakiler \n\nDan Maragall \n\nc) Gmperat. Elpraktáknak, a \n\n3012) Cappened laget punarming \n\npay \n\n■ \n\n11. (1) Kamberagina! Yaan. \n\n12. Meadvuinen (MLA) - \n\nJAKU \n\n\"Aj 24 varaa upeojplan y Phila \n\nJeleng) \n\nCore Croplanć Manseringe \n\nM \n\nPurging \n\nat tagad Kalaja në tha (penga \n\nONLY Want at Monde Alema \n\n+ \n\nType Emerge | ama ng batang a \n\nIr \n\nNene A \n\nון \n\n.IJ \n\nRETURN skecing NUMBER, sond CAUSES » DEATHS Boland during the Year dibing the Hat day of Herialer, 1982. \n\nPITTVARI PODEPSITY \n\nINT \n\nJ. \n\nTHE \n\nрын \n\nAMHCA DIPECT \n\nגרנן \n\nKPTMET \n\nBad 11 \n\nwww \n\n4 \n\nمجدول \n\nF \n\nA \n\n474 \n\nH \n\n21 \n\nJa pla \n\nH \n\npomn \n\n108 \n\nTOYAR \n\nANA \n\n# \n\n4,100\n\nThe output is presented in HTML format as per the instructions, using `` tags for paragraphs. However, due to the nature of the input text, the output remains largely uncorrected and reflects the original jumbled content.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 495729,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 395,
        "title": "CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "His paper disallowance in 1923 1 in respect of Ordce No. 28 of 1928 of the legislature entitled \"An Ordce to apply not exceeding Nineteen million eight hundred and ninety seven thousand three hundred and twenty Dollars to the Public works of the year 1923.\"\n\nFROM Gov Stubbs FOR CIRCULATION :- Mr. Beneat, Mr. Cotten, Mr. Asst. U.S. of S.\n\nDATE November SUBJECT HONG KONG 58806 388 3 DEC 23 handed to Perm U.S. of S. with regard to Park U.S. of S.\n\n3. I have to request that I may be furnished with full information regarding the Mun Valley waterworks scheme, which, I observe, is estimated at $17,000,000.\n\n(Signed) DEVONSHIRE Copy G.P.O. scopy enres.\n\nPage 346\n\n14+ Feb 24 17th Feb. Aund. 59 com- 6. Mar 24 809925724 Easteri Secretary of State.\n\nPrevious Paper B2466 Creation of high power \"fp station any slife to Ins. copies of ev. fr. Marcone's Repue\n\nAck, whehe, there is Col. Govt. matang some agreement with Marconi Co. for erection. spouch station desires info, as to form which such agreement might het take.\n\nMINUTES (this has been delayed in depo 6 Straits wing or pressure of coom & stadt defpattins\n\nTo the Såbsequent Paper clo 3363/2.0 The matter in one in which Perry tute on unofficials ten interest this — Calist manifestation bring the cements hr Holyoak in the Edo. de bain-\n\nIf 4r see proceedings of Leg. Co. below pages 134-52149- I preowane this will have as be referred to S.P.0. for obson in the frist andtamen as then brought before the 2.CC., but frist Jall X 26th. E. & Harding for ((*) (367678) We 20112/38 Gp. 140 60,000 11-22 W & 8 Ltd,\n\nPage 347\n\nTo At once",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 499073,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-487 - Others & Individuals - 1924",
        "page_number": 182,
        "title": "CO129-487 - Others & Individuals - 1924",
        "content_text": "## Advertisements\n\nTelephone 88.  \nTelegrams: SWEETS.  \nTea, American Ice Cream, G.H. Tiffins, Cakes. Scones, Candy, Chocolates.\n\n**CAMPBELLS LIMITED**  \n6-b Battery Road, Singapore  \nLatest Suitings for Home and Tropical Wear.  \n**FIT AND WORKMANSHIP GUARANTEED.**  \nShirts, Hosiery, Hats and Sun Helmets and everything for Men's Wear.\n\nThe Finest Drug Store East of Suez.  \nCold Drinks.  \nFresh Stocks of all well-known British, Continental and American Patent and Proprietary Medicines:  \nAgents for ANSCO CAMERAS, MORNY'S PRODUCTS, AND MCBRINE'S LUGGAGE\n\n**Maynard & Co., Ltd.,**  \nOpposite Cook's :: 16 Battery Road  \nESTABLISHED 1870  \n**THE LARGEST INDIAN SILK STORE IN THE EAST**  \nWassiamull Assomull & Co.  \nRequisites for Visitors and Direct Special Importers of all kinds Indian, Chinese, Japanese and Burmese Silk Goods, Curios, Gold Jewellery and Silverware, Javanese Goods and Curiosities, Ladies' Manila Hats, etc., etc.  \nOur Motto: Courtesy. Your inspection of our goods is kindly elicited.\n\nTelephone 1144.  \n56 & 57, High Street, Singapore.  \nBranches: Sikkim New (INDIA) YOKOHAMA BANGALORE  \nSURABAYA, MALANG,  \nBekkapok (JAVA)  \nWedding Cakes a Speciality.  \n\"INSIDE THE ARCHWAY.\"  \n6, Battery Road SINGAPORE  \nS. Berth\n\n## Sub enclosure to Enclosure No. 1 to Straits Confidential Despatch dated 12 May, 1924\n\nBoots and Shoe Maker  \nNew Fashionable Boots and Shoes for Ladies and Gentlemen, Orders promptly executed.  \nEuropean Trade Especially Solicited. American and English Sole Leather used Finest Workmanship Guaranteed  \n**OUR PRICES ARE RIGHT-TRY US.**\n\n### BOMBAY MERCHANTS  \nK. A. J. Chotirmall & Co.  \nThe Cheapest Silk Store in Town  \n7  \nOur Watchwords: Civility, Cheapness, Genuineness. A visit will convince you.  \nTelephone 1957  \nYAP HENG  \n23 Queen Street  \nSingapore.\n\n### Map of Singapore Island\n\n|  |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| ... | ... |\n\nCopyrighted by the Methodist Publishing House, Singapore  \nScale: Inch - Mile  \nEnglish Miles Furlongs  \nAbbreviations: S. = Sungai, Tanjong = Cape, P. = Police Station, Pulan = Island\n\n## Other Advertisements\n\nFor Up-to-Date Photographs Go To The Eastern Studio  \n1 & 2, Armenian Street (Corner Stamford Road)  \nSpecialists IN Portraits, Groups and Enlargements.  \nTelephone 1900.\n\n### THE ADMIRAL LINE  \nHONGKONG TO EUROPE Via AMERICA.  \nAdmiral Line across Pacific  \nChoice of Rail Lines across America  \nChoice of Steamers across Atlantic  \nFor further information call or write The Admiral Oriental Line  \nRoom 9, St. Helens' Court, Singapore.\n\n### Tour Descriptions\n\nTour No. 3.  \nTime 14.2 hours.  \nDistance from town and return 20 miles.  \nAlong Grove Road to Tanjong Katong, past the Sen View Hotel, and along First floor Road through beautiful groves of coconut palms along the sea coast. Inland along Bedok Road and back toward town on Changi Road, passing through hills planted with coconut and rubber trees. Gelang Road or Beach Road.\n\nTour No. 4.  \nTide: about hours from Johnston's Pier. Distance: about 30 ml.  \nThe Mesa Tour No. 3, but continuing out Changi Road from Bedok, to the 11th mile, then along Tampines Road to Serangoon Road, then via Yio Chu Kang Road past the Admiralty Wireless Station to Thomson Road, stopping at the Reservoir a few minutes, returning via Thomson, Cavenagh and \"Orchard Road.\n\nTour No. 5.  \nTime: upon hours from Johnston's Pier, Distance: about 30 miles.  \nVia Thompson Road, pausing at the Reservoir, to Mandai Road, through a bit of dense forest to Bukit Timah Road, and along same back to town; or, if returning to a steamer and not desiring to drive through the town, turn off Bukit Timah Road into Reformatory Road for a due drive, a good bit of it along the West Coast via Pasir Panjang Road to the Wharves.\n\nTour No. 6.  \nTime: about 14 hours from Johnston's Pier. Distance: about 15 miles.  \nFrom the town or the wharves along Pasir Panjang Road to Alexandra Road, thence via Ayer Rajah Road past the Admiralty tanks, to \"THE GAP,\" Singapore's scenic climax; thence via Buena Vista, Pasir Panjang, Reformatory, Ulu Pandan, and Holland Road, through the Botanic Gardens and right through the town to hotels or wharves.\n\n### GOODYEAR TYRES\n\nGOOD YEAR  \nGoodyear Cord Tyres have a reputation for quality all over the world. They are better tyres to-day than ever before, and their price is lower.  \n**GOODYEAR MEANS GOOD WEAR.**  \nObtainable from Stockists and Dealers throughout Malaya, ORIENT COMPANY, LIMITED.  \nDirect Factory Representatives for S.S., F.M.S. and Siam, Incorporated in Singapore.\n\n### P. RELOMALL & CO.  \nJewellers, Silk and Curios Merchants,  \nNo. 1. HIGH STREET.  \nDealers in Indian, Japanese, Chinese, Bukhara and Cashmere Silks.  \nCurios-Ivory Ware, Damascine Ware, Satsuma Ware, Cloisonne Ware and immense variety of World's Curios  \nRemember This! **Small Profit Quick Return is Our Motto**\n\nThe Admiral Line  \nSailings every twelfth day from HONGKONG TO SEATTLE 19 days en route via SHANGHAI-KOBE YOKOHAMA  \nVICTORIA ETC.  \nStop over Privileges.  \nLet us arrange your side trips through NORTH CHINA AND JAPAN.  \nThe Admiral Oriental Line  \nRoom, St. Helens' Court, Singapore.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-487 - Others & Individuals - 1924.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 531069,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-535-3 Nguyen ai Quoc- request for extradition to Indo-China by French authorities 29-6-1931 - 26-1-1932",
        "page_number": 55,
        "title": "CO129-535-3 Nguyen ai Quoc- request for extradition to Indo-China by French authorities 29-6-1931 - 26-1-1932",
        "content_text": "C. O.\n\nMr. Tomlinson.\n\nSir C. Bottomley.\n\nSir J. Shuckburgh.\n\nSir G. Grindle.\n\nPermt. U.S. of S.\n\nParly. U.S. of S.\n\nSecretary of State.\n\nDRAFT.\n\ngrounds both of publicity and of delay, to letting\n\nso\n\nthat the matter should be...\n\n55\n\nthe Leg Co... the Finance Council.\n\nthat would result\n\nHallinty to his girl\n\nMaytions regarding tissunde\n\nadmin...\n\ncharges w...\n\nucing\n\nthe itains Got of\n\nto de if station machinery as\n\nan alt... tive to extiteri\n\nbuy desirability of further datang\n\nshould also be pointed out that the\n\nfed chuld be spy ached to\n\nthat the\n\nthe ment\n\nf the form is the\n\nHe\n\nR... might also be exposed You might express regret\n\nthat it has not be possible\n\nthe\n\nto ensure\n\ndeportation to...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-535-3 Nguyen ai Quoc- request for extradition to Indo-China by French authorities 29-6-1931 - 26-1-1932.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 531647,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-536-1 Estimates- 1932 3-9-1931 - 16-6-1933",
        "page_number": 139,
        "title": "CO129-536-1 Estimates- 1932 3-9-1931 - 16-6-1933",
        "content_text": "166\n\nTHE BLUE FUNNEL LINE\n\nREGULAR AND FAST \"PASSENGER SERVICES FREIGHT AND LONDON SERVICE\n\nBLUE FUNNEL LINE\n\nLIVERPOOL SERVICE CRUHLUS\n\nFor part fail, blueponi, Karm, T'kam & Hamborg Par Port Nauč, Tärnepool & blavzi\n\nNEW YORK SERVICE\n\nCICKOJ\n\ntutor\n\n» York & Nemeč\n\nsta Pilipponen langen\n\nPACIFIC SERVICE\n\nTM Robe mod. Takohem)\n\nFRITHILA ON IRION\n\n**411\n\nINWARD SERVICE\n\nPie Faria, Van'rre à Monani\n\nBet Finans. Van'vor & Selle\n\nKEENEA D\n\nrahu, Kobu & Tokohama\n\nOLTRES Dus der For Mangiai, Kobe & Yekekrana\n\nLik megy Manman artą landed pestskapar segon macalarn\n\nspomaly rudsand furni\n\nPar fright, manage ena nad mačkemaluan apply sa tạo waedne.\n\n4:1 karkiam per abjani, tu så peersings of the Compania 'a\n\nBul al Coding\n\nBUTTERFIELD & SWIRE\n\nJEPA\n\nBARBER-WILHELMSEN LINE.\n\nTHE PREMIER ALL WATER ROUTE 10 NEW YORK and other U.S. Atlantic Purta via Pam\n\nAli Vessels call at SAN FRANCISCO and L.OS ANGELES route\n\nPassengers desiring to travel, by this interesting Route will Nad the accommodation provider! well to to their nicpeovations, up at a cost TRDNÍ reasonable\n\nPar Passenger and Freight information pinnas apply —\n\nDODWELL & CO., LTD.\n\nQuan Blingy\n\nAge\n\nTelephone 2002:\n\nNY.K.\n\nLINE\n\nREDUCED THROTONTEES TO COLORE VIL VIA\n\nVAITING PRON JETA 10 ZIMO-ON BALE\n\nMAN VILAMÓCA vu Bhanghai, Japan Porte à Bouvindo\n\nWednesday, 28th Chalobar Cheboku Hagu\n\nWednesday, 11th Nov.\n\nPaula Maru\n\nBATTLE, FANCHEVET TA Mazgirt à Japon Potte\n\nHiye Mucu\n\nHan Mar\n\n...\n\nTuesday, November\n\nTue, 10% Kovanciar\n\nDAMBAN, MARSHOLES, ANTWERP & COTTURkkar via Bergspare.\n\nno & Semi\n\nKabar\n\nKe Mau\n\nSaturday, 30th Coleber\n\nSaturday, 14th November\n\nSTONET & MELBAUENI Can Kamila à Marse\n\nKamu Maru\n\nKado Mar\n\nBang, 24th October\n\nSaturday, 21st Novačakar\n\nDAWNĀTOS Mincipars. Fotang Daimle\n\nMam Mar\n\nToki HA\n\nr\n\nSunday, Schaber\n\nFriday, 10th Cetaker\n\nBANE ARBOGA. – Tan Ömat) Tin Japan. Hapalulu Gora je spadea,\n\nProda\n\nOTO Mar\n\nNEW YORK & Benson via Panama\n\nTAUT Haru\n\nTueday, 30th November\n\nWednesday, 11th Nov.\n\nLIMPERIAL na Pars zinad. Binnekami «Canolamiragley, 4 frames de\n\nToyok Mare\n\nFriday, 14th November\n\nCALCUTTA A Sumpspoes, Pmany 4 Koljone\n\nMalers Maru\n\n+Macera M\n\nSHANKKI, KAR & YOKURASA\n\n*me Maru.\n\nYe Men\n\nha Maru\n\n12\n\n1\n\nBaturday, 7th Novembar\n\nThursday 2 Peter\n\nMAP October\n\nVeda, 5 th Chekkur\n\nYOUTH CHINA MORNING POST. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1931.\n\nRIVETLESS SHIPS.\n\nWelding Processes at Olympia.\n\nSTRIKING EXHIHITA\n\nSeveral sinking exhibita si Thư Exhibém, ut Olympia, den: with\n\nKADING QUERIES.\n\nHarbour Master Gives Full Details.\n\nWORK IN TYPHOON.\n\ncomathe\n\nreldme sal show how the woman Harbor Master zero fall detalla an The Strat, wolded ming the Zyllgur, Phim 34 mmững kết Legislative\n\nakk han kom made pratīb\n\npertise with Kosen, T. in d. Berki ris and Hala Hania to be renamed | Shika by Du Brunk Colombia Co\n\nPue further (afvenation apply to—XIPPON TUSEN KABHA\n\nPlana bella (Peivave sachange be all Degin)\n\nmenu Ch. of Victoria. She has had\n\n• few accidenta, bent no hall Jenk\n\nRegister agrees to a ten-ysing a Med at an annual verity. Than A - it roi ma by the\n\nLa Manasa ndition to CAN CA\n\nakar mal the ing on the day in die Thịthe serenor of Mr. Tonies. The graphing were, saker en jou behalf, by the Bank Str. 8. W. Tu\n\n1931.\n\nSOVIET BOYCOTTED.\n\nGerman Owners Decide to Send No More Ships\n\nSTRIKES PERMITTED.\n\nBari, Qet, It\n\nto\n\nThe German Ship-owners' Asunc|4- sslystig barerell ngulmet the Soviel sad decided not to send ship Soviet Russia in the ground chas the murikin which harta kökurred cantly\n\nGerman skipa parkiet by the Soviet amikoritas Den and Galenus war wit wly but even supported by the\n\nAt the prime moment, the crewe ur 43 Guests visuale lying la. Han Thor karbours sex mirskiing IN SYMPANY\n\nwith the kṣaven's maziem vāch' they reft we doelwit\n\nbullets to hava benken met lej vazala the bid fastenber\n\nparty of Germany, The German nag- RE DE Kaming frame-(a) WA\n\nRigtig Ponderand have Taubered t\n\nLA VILAs med ia taka proseed- Inga kënnt shem for mutiny. Valon-\n\ntar wat all the Khaninger\n\nI, I'sw mu rơi Trên Merc\n\ntyka Tha Arm has one of the ad for Enzweer Offen fer, anlatanca” Informative, welding stande ko khai char passo on to the Kanday? thu camibiting hi sera mander 10 ha, a these mig prora af ketina - Per at wilding vela and several of\n\nthe taal pingen an view papriest the\n\nWhich Lloyd's Router\n\nBruk forpočutien pano keir Approval for welded by mana' Hà. -\n\nActual Coperation. Two lena than 15\n\n* \n\nThe\n\nmay be applied to marke Notinoble spally azn the axleb\n\n¦ \n\n|| \n\nTruch bark the Grepen proseka.\n\npaliaty repertoir Portal Ligt same\n\nKabina Janka had book Wreaked mm\n\nThe Lema Talange in plaase Trai wasy. Uwing in a temporary delvet\n\nin Kansing's wirekes selegraph it was\n\npeynd improbavit to get a moD-AACO through bé bet and Du Naval Authori M.A Vary kindly\n\nFlak a fact that the Kaming Anchored in Kowloon Bay sharing aftersama at til Sostenker when Pak woon vonk in various pazia Di uchet de Hackerel 12 in, between what\n\nMuch Haval analatanes_m-cloud_vy_ the Naval Authorslin the NË\n\nfe \n\nBritish Oxygen Co., Ltd, Surat Tikka Une Processes, Ld, the Trampen\n\nSturmelend in ourzy wet – Lie rasense of takartak M Wing, after the 1790NT CONDE DEL\n\nThere are en lí types of myth 2. 14 Are the bative of the Priding and WXy-pentylane, making Kuualle during the patentada vampestada en Que stand of the Bellah – tyskeren in Du Celery!\n\nAl-Litovidgr. Lal), and\n\nran da açan in the shoud be actual, or dong the Master ket na bin iuttle\n\nHive!\n\nMaren Weltor Procent, lik|15 ta the Kooning esly intended to Kina daplay very posesont émet kalp Tanja vaakain at may alas of that work. This fem imetrymates | requiring amul\n\n110. What act of quariamen Alley Waldine. Praenza, 104, and\n\nThe Men Cdr. Bole zepřed\n\nThuar have ve výew at the exhibition = | 1yphons at the 204 September 2 including the Inkarl slemen of stor Deletions are generator w elven dally in the vớt of their psein? victrade, and include the welding at variom vindalada acaria And Alleys on The market\n\nkitt\n\ndil\n\nTWO trading, Jordan, A third towed seina Gaine Sal the tangkan escher parked my was CUG. | The Jafar in sumpseted bronne the Kawat teer At very low Abecher striking mand, with a Ho the rank people complain SEAL Tsawa (on fait, Á V TH sland made the Kaina je Phalkek, zerials farther notable de thee ja fourth june but withough volemme le Brak wolkig werk, CHENG,a ni made feat. (3) Mana ker rangu beats. Approach\n\n10 le pegnized by Brides Belated | kids by Bruning, mere found in vend KARATAN THE 14 salomatic ball\n\n| welder introduced some SOUTH 189, AN\n\n mote well vstablished in mak branchen of anginaaring, TE IN WAR IN That\n\n4. Po from Island where two small andma wyan offered ansistance\n\nIm. Tiku mlecznam tenky\n\n| yard for wekking Hanges du bë piga mano v Du\n\nwagle rette of all the scriptions.\n\nBy maing ane sling maablont 1 wʻqaimed that up to bò per eat, in\n\nStormċjail to larostirnin. Árling an A ZDIEL Opalvol Irsat the Shie\n\nHarbour Magar seat VAI TRA kuang 48 104 magang si September i ta CRETS PEL - Tantanga akech. Th PRng arrived baca IN THE OVARIE having Innensa 12 persons. No repočí kam kean rubVAR KE ANy masalty karing weary on Lammin läiked.\n\n7.\n\nTrpha Ozitza.\n\nA copy at the volens for the\n\n| denwa, up in July 1ướ by the fourrura Mater Lider Harbour [Ukakama†, J. Sutherland, Esquece, 1. N. Ikan, kajuite, raprasasting the Cinare Chament at ĻOBLEMON, | Lajtad 1. 2. Muta, ka ZADACIA- Ca. 166, Lapagim 1. Erika, Kansa\n\nWaaronger, nigkong and Kawam Yaari and Godena Vas in Savel\n\nThe Master pruria under the pener baltkatika\n\nL\n\nBahar Olsa Ezo posed to him sa\n\nThe Earbour Master účĩa khi gangg mingilega from the Katheer MASAT\n\ndesi mačke bit to cha patantivi nad Judgment of the messer who in the\n\nsa Jaden Lie ospatukone of the ha\n\nCung In One winskar somalizima_slan\n\nin na alle.\n\n1. All ců), megardene of the\n\nthe Xevieon Gadows Compeer | alone gevonder và THE SEVERE, NE MOR\n\nle the knez la bow some igraci\n\nB. Thu + Đmorpgd by Em Apr\n\nel of rhw marial may free of Kambour Wharf to Thumati in quantión 1. with ern spong conta Ime machining.\n\nredelana\n\nTxa praped to Kayang\n\n- man Ünkan as there m\n\nAchanak Teken moldin bad pound to be we funger to Un-Tr ter wh rentage, it le paly in receść zamia Duất jagat then testam has been paint 10 AM mandkod mechai et production\n\nLA MA MD mer beim Wanted so tha joining tagalber of mariale in cerpen\n\nen with some athar promo, más se blind soaking, Wite drawing, timmati work we in the handgere ledsaker, hit now in a large number af maven 14 in sand for joining machined parta to !cow which personly, wady saked * the sewal mechanical methods at PETANCAT Expense.\n\nSHANGHAI SEARCH.\n\nKusor\n\nthem\n\nwww.ime.\n\n3 regami wka zuenivad fr\n\npng to Luwee kg\n\nPo Yamal Ad by Kaung had precended La La Li end of the harbour 16 WAL vedere se les reprenanties that pers\n\nAlba won having had Qur saaneity be le samed to sing it Saat la back in cook the Kawsang team - 20 and so deprime BAT cuft n the Bart, who might be in wood lakkór, at their upper- tatuit, la mareal, townge. The request vas ins passed to Khadkng.\n\nCel A report was received that some : ehters belonging to Bablerbeda and 5wiem were in trouble\n\nAs the Kang ked Batons plewçunded to the Ext for the panami ke set Cart\n\n07.\n\nCONSIGNEES' NOTICE.\n\nHAMBURG ANKOIA LIVIR\n\nThe Metacramel,\n\nRAMSES-\n\nbering weervol Demognem of Cago kee karaby metaled that their precis Las Mong Sasam and pissed at the Thik in The Baghyng and Ho Whalf and Orari CompTRY'S DA Appena al kamjone, whom deltary zam he abschonë se the menda kou JAKÉNT\n\nCybiškai vaga will be inGOS, KR- Jana\" Matiče ka jaus given prisë sa Beemer s karval.\n\nEngineer Jumps Overboard art weet med lathe Kings Gouda kave left the Undemia an\n\nOf Woosung.\n\nAn I'd uk, Grupert was received From the Green Gland Cement Co. Saat moun laukters more in diatreon of Hak Your Region Bay). Thit mogę www popond to Kuning Un riyal ké dák Thon kung sa bad member, rondle the Master decided that k\n\nOBSYED AN IMPULSE.\n\nHangkal police warn laat most Jooksum fer á fecoigner, who, it was believed, was comming Wessang renda,\n\nThe expian để she mammer Dalero be an ardua risk to take the\n\nMain Imported sa tha, karbon master's son shortly after ka arrival from being this pac af kla ungimo Sammad vrachaard si Wevelg. Tha\n\nrarily A\n\nKuning to Lo Qia lighters & dimension with Wheck the Bubou Xiater rura\n\nPOT A Tapart was received that a bale wenn sie king inaade Källeti TalÊN. Thai Muangt visa paanud va Kuumugo\n\n10Wemen Dan Marine Woman On smaller Kellele faland en sign\n\nThe exscale deal. Taken this fellow | Bich funk could\n\ncamda tinning from his quarters wage Hamm di net aanich knalde Kabeli\n\nNo will be nakled after\n\nkit perda remaining vadadvend dur the 28th October, 1931, will be subject\n\nAll broken, chafod, and damaged Gaola ara sa be left in the Gelerta when they will be staminad en meth Gaber, 1931 na 16 mm by our San veporn, Masara. Goddard mad. Dongma\n\nAll Flame must reach me hoćeni sku Ende zeroeder, 1931, je vezan na\n\nHe Israe\n\nVVACATION\n\n18\n\nPHILIPPENSES\n\nLADO-CHINA\n\nTEAM\n\nNAVIGATION CO., LTD.\n\nHAFLINGEN SCHURF VEERATION.\n\nSOUTH CHINA MORNING POST. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1931.\n\nCONSIGNEES NOTICES.\n\nTHE WEATHER.\n\nYesterday's Advices and Evening Forecast.\n\nGLOYD TRIESTINO SAY CO.\n\nProM TRIESTE, VENICE, BLINDI, PORT HARD, ADER.\n\nBOMBAY, COLOMBO\n\nSINGAPOR\n\nThe Steamer.\n\n\"PILSNAT\n\nCONSIGNEES' NOTICE CHINA\n\nNORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD, BREMEN.\n\nThe Acamer\n\n\"DREFFLINGK\"\n\n23\n\nNAVIGATION COMPANY, LIMITED.\n\n...\n\nSZECHUEN\n\nS\n\nOok. 25, 10 m ........KWANGCHOW Det, 25ch, 20m.m.\n\nBOOCHOW\n\nUm 271, 10 m\n\nOn 26th, 5p.k.\n\nFor\n\nHous En, Pam à HAIBONG... KINGYUANTO-DAY, 3 bp-m Aany HwAMAL\n\nTAIYUAN ...I-LAY. haring and from Broman, Bam Swami Shamanął\n\n↓ P. XITSOCHOW..ah Bià, la berg, and peči, romignese if enegs | Amor, Swatum & bixmarama |ma|kunky_peille Mat their mi Swazow, Biciscanu à Tauro Langyċude of Hongkong, 114′′ 17′′ 17′′\n\nAls lesbig landed it their rự Labida Hongkong, 12' 1\" Coalguem of Curse see hereby in- Komikoa Wharf and Godown Chu Lag SWATO, SASA & Tins\n\nthe godown at The Smaking sal\n\nHwarow a Basuvok firmed that sil Good as being, Kawings, wheece delvery Shaxandi, Nowenwang lonzed at thole Tini. Hits the Onde chiame of the Hanging and Xylem Whart Noom Dether 994. 18%, AskThe anti Godow Company, at Kww-the -Dentha watow, Wangen, Charou\n\nAmor & FrapoRAI Gonnesara ser further pačißel that cyclone i now central, wona Paking it, whonen sadise from the velarves at Hambre Bemm through and in spranding east-north-amat! delivers may be illained,\n\n* Opcional parts will not be sanded ka. \"Ovtar Jarl,\" na \"Gencer, SWATIN, Haanama & Tu BRANTUNG NOT pago lay hanghang o sa “Bignit\" H&K There are inflation of a typkanı – Jara, malena metien kan han geran, METAISM\" un \"ka. \"Herewe\" from\n\nbours prior sa vaderl's wife), but hey, Eregea sai Wang,\n\nAWATON & Hamaros N.W. NOW. Yania warsing. 29, DA, DAS-TY- Mead part or will to which is optics after the zich af October, 1931, wil - Hwaton, Shanukala TRING\n\nFoto, Passon & Hairloge... Na Piza Inweer will be efcand|| Framw, Hassanan & TeproTAO\n\nSwamwe. Wouwką. Charno\n\nway.\n\nTHE\n\nD\n\nT⚫ TSINGTAU vin SWATOW\n\n* SHANGHAI\n\nTO SINGAPORE, PENANG\n\n4 CALCUTTA\n\nTO OSAKA TI AMOY, SHAI.\n\nNORE\n\nKlekomers\n\nFailing DAVIKEN Hum, 264) Beta. KWAIBANG Wəl.. 2013 CHILL, HOTELANGE\n\nJet Kay.. YAISHING Wed, tih Nov.. YVENSANG MƐun. 206k Del KUMSANO Fn.. Mi Nor.. BUIBANG Fri., Nov.,\n\nRak 104 Det\n\nWed, 15th Nov.,\n\nTu DRAMA win AMOY & KOBE HOSANO Fo. 37 Now\n\nFINBASO TO KANDAKAN\n\nPr. Cel KAUBANG Wed.. Lith Nov, CHIPSNIO Trum, 295 Cek..\n\nA\n\nTIM\n\n7LM. 74.m\n\nSOUTH 4 NOT KUTANO\n\n& p.m.\n\nTam\n\n74.2.\n\nTA.M.\n\nNoon-\n\nmarine N.N.W. Bod. The P. DE 3p.. Skangkat warning. 114, 306. 1a) Tynkoen nú vażkown intona ly with-\n\nHompitong kabufall einen January 14, 24 85 Juden, muRTRAG AN AYUTART of 7 inches.\n\nbefore the 7th Neved 19 (len priodolog to the mid-ra\n\nwill not be recognised,\n\nS.S. \"PRES. CLEVELAND\"\n\nMANILA\n\nH\n\n6.00 p.m.\n\nKENDAT, OC 13.\n\nDOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINES AMERICAN MAIL LINE\n\nNORD\n\nDEUTSCHER\n\nLLOYD\n\nFAR EASTERN PAILENDER & FATIGHT SEVICE.\n\nThema HoskinJA AR London Cabin Clase only. Tarragh kontunya sa AMERIÇA ca Budd1⁄2 and baKUROPE vs AMARICA\n\nNEXT SAILING TO EUROPE\n\n+-\n\nPASS AN\n\nFre\n\nPAY\n\nHATA\"\n\nSEEFLIYER\" - KALBARLICKAN\n\nKLEN\n\nbeparveen ich 2 member\n\ndag/km 124 December\n\n- 2pm, 200g\n\n*Contem\n\n* Culting me Lubern. Passager dearen emang re Monita med Pond Glava Battainde,\n\nAlberta. Betgandam, Handbourg und Bremen\n\nAmsterdam Betuwdim, Hepburg und Bruma.\n\nNEXT ARRIVALS FROM EUROPE:\n\nBAILINGS TO SHANGILA I & II SRL ISSZA MARUY\n\nFreight 18 19\n\nZAM 16 ORA AMOR ÜLEKEN PASS, SACOBLENZ\"\n\nZuzkare Bar Upsalag\n\nder het With Kovember\n\nHoge Hak 1-anambar\n\nHONGKONG-NEW GUINEA.\n\nNext BABAUL ad Porin.\n\n4.E, HAREMBAN (VEN” on or shout ded penamber 1981.\n\nMELCHERS & CO..\n\nAgusta, Manglong\n\nBill of Lading will be conntersign- ed by the unde\n\nJINSIN & Co.\n\nAgesta Hongkong, Th Chelaber, Luca,\n\nTelephone 162,\n\nCanon Again'\n\nJBSEN & CO.\n\nShameez, 8.0.\n\nAT A TER DORT Fer un padrone, Joped as there werent water CAPT. T. G. PURVIS\n\nHERALD THe how at the sang, Jing, der sata mariquile at the Kew-\n\nclared back at the hedge for a mai\n\nspot, and then proceeded to unbučiam\n\nkan slicked, while in perched en te nag as stated\n\ne taken in contained in the leg.\n\n***We hellered at \" me the ones of noth the Check Low and\n\ncaptain. \"hat, ka, wou'd pay w\n\nLestion, Ho Jimt kapt nufumiening the -\n\nWire Telegraph Log are produced.\n\n4A large number at Job\n\nMARINA ARTIs.\n\nSahlbiter, Repul Svciety of\n\nArtista and Reyni Hibernia Jandarmy\n\nif you require un 40 se Water\n\nColor Painting of Stammer,\n\nalicker. Piried toward the force basta matinated at show 100 Yacht, Sailing Salp or any of were lying lengide the proyek, ko mocha come sour Kim, ka Likew of 1 shame. Each sway we won the die Clippers, (Önnuk ar\n\n| wwed end of the hous, but bufera Bag\n\nTelephone 17867.\n\nim slicker a leaped over the klant ten van Same mat deemed sveću | Amen).\n\nAccording to the emplata, the wipe, Į Įgenstad, the siter. No TECIDÍ, THE maiken were ordered dressed at dete i pl. Az order has now been immund\n\n|ka weld coming the men with the\n\nPapelar\n\nrag under the water, Une tik buat\n\nup hope of mammitting\n\nPLANETARE of the Daly\n\nMüller dechend\" \"A sampa\n\nMIL\n\nwho had born looking on with Mr-\n\nBhat auth a verset with be kept in\n\nPraya Wall Donger.\n\nThe Kamwing dee_la_wanther\n\n+ \n\nKowloo Bà 1 AL 100 ya anchor was weighed but at 6-10 pay the Ex\n\nent, came when the mean: behar. | gnezda mother was again tramped wmil\n\nKuning remained at anchor\n\nwat\n\nWe had driftas down-ram when the weather modeling\n\nteam, but, seeing the gineer was hesin pat under way.\n\npału, we ristled in Ut elverline kitch\n\nand preceeded ja Shanghai.\n\nhave been made by Pe\n\nMost of the crab wank or broken\n\non Parkas Dja penyu wall met thri\n\nTate bmtween the piers to the west at\n\nThe Harbour Diler katmer: 234 pm\n\nAnd 430 pm. Had the Kaming Been Sadat alễ khône piers the mould\n\nLorrie koma cando Piran ta | Masa boom unable to jen kan kan them\n\nBeth Elmer of kinecovery of\n\nThe Peter P\n\n110 Pa\n\nPERTE DA SE MUa kesä kam rumNE\n\nja grove Haly of booming katanut ai\n\ndegree 50 N. 7 Wat, amit ca.\n\n199 paront bal gran bir 2-rk, 25\n\nDegrees At West. The blanda\n\nsaid to len very dangerous for shipping.\n\n...\n\nEn Repumber 3 w Che\n\nNg Mai being empleyst AMITY-\n\nand the Ger\n\nRAN\n\nD7\n\nTILAGE\n\nGO\n\nFONGKONG\n\nPRINCE LINE\n\nFRBODENT SERVICE\n\ntu\n\nBOSTON AND\n\nNEW YORK\n\nCALLING AT NAPLES\n\n\"CINGALESE PRINCE\"\n\n· JAVANESE PIINJE\"\n\n5th November\n\n1st Dober\n\nEnna leak Jegginsaciation for a limited number of Passer park s\n\nusadeemia a\n\nFare-Hongkong to Naples... £50\n\nFor other Pazarge mitos, Freight, eto,, apply to :—\n\nFIRNESS (FAR EAST) LIMITED.\n\nTO TIENTSIN via S'TW,\n\nFLUCHOW A CHE DO CHEONGSHIKU Sun, Nov., 7am.\n\nBut longba un passage apply s\n\nJARDINE MATHESON & CO., ITD.\n\nTalpmed.\n\nĶnopen) Měnangetu\n\nGLEN LINE\n\nPARES HONGZONG TO LONDON.\n\n10 June/ Harber\n\nLift Degenber/31 May\n\nALDEAK\n\nTO LONDON. ROTTERDAM & HANBULE VIR STRAITS & COLONNO.\n\n9tomer-b.p\n\nPULEN|FFER\"\n\nTO SHANGHAI, KÖNÉ, YOKOHAMA & YLÄPIYOSTOCK.\n\nMeter Vonal (GLENOGLE”\n\nMotor Vonne\n\nGLENBEG\"\n\nMoker Vignani “'IEBNAPP\n\nTEINAN.... Cel seth, Spa\n\nA TANTON BUCHOW.....Ol. 20, N\n\nKWEIYANG\n\nabout. 200 mľne nerik of Yaji mer varied so from pect to port to the AA rende remaining modelirana | Bananai, Nekelwang & DALY CEFERAN\n\nA 2, m\n\nما امام بن\n\nNy thêm yê hy sinha Altar Che (inch hem left the End then i say one whatever. 19th October, 1892, will k\n\nrumclnlng undzivala sather tha | Dunaren pachagua must be Jud's in thjort to the godown for excɔination by the |consignem, and the Company\",\"be matvejen, Ne Anderson and Alle shay - 1932\n\n• 10 .. the led el Dobokar, Ka dalam bell be adult star All broken, ekataga Lamangai. The gunda kawa left the puddies pa Goods are to be left bị lập Cambodia, al dimana senat de pensantal W where they will be we pled on the two wooks, of the chip's arrival het, The Ulegram quoted below was p. 29th October 1951, at 15 2 by our | khan which date Pasy wil met be her\n\nandred Truthe Manila Obwalory survogars Stari ting eller and anguinot, at the Amarisan Commulate Gensen! | Douglas,\n\nMaxila Yarulog.\n\nCraiguen nece requested to man No Fire Insurance her baan ollastad, render Dale Men of Lading to the Billo of Laglegg will be sousarviga, unattalgiai čec countersignatur.\n\n130°, Lang. E, AS IT FALK, alky moving NW,\n\nBrembur BarkBol\n\nOut. 21, 6 –The typhoon for patt then 200 selles N. of Yap, ENNE M.W.\n\nThe anti-ggelama sa sentral she the\n\nworth of Korea,\n\nDODWELL & CO., LTU\n\nÄgenu\n\nBRITISH INDIA SN, DO, ITU From CALCUTTA RANDBOOM. PENANG KINGAPORE\n\nLatal forectal-E winds, fraki | The Simm TALNA\"\n\nMETEOROLOGICAL.\n\n20h Nervesaba\n\nBir tebe\n\n5th November\n\n10th November\n\n4th December\n\nBagland DearYLINE), VİNE DAker\n\nJay\n\n201\n\nPre Pretti, pomaga und freiber parkiaulien spjoj bo\n\nJARDINE, MATHESON GO., LTD.\n\nAEP THE GLEN LIKE, LTD\n\nTRAVEL A.-O. LINE.\n\nENTRALIA, Calling så Mamiễn (P. l.). Thursday L..\n\nCharna, Tawpavilla, Beshana, Bydony and Malbearna. BUTIK STEAMERE CHANGTE-TAIPING (...) PARTEFT MORT TE TO DATE STEAMERS IN THE SERVICE KLECTRIC LAL MORY, BARBER SHOP, BUMATON U\n\nFELWARDEN OKK\n\nD\n\nM\n\nr\n\nJun\n\nн\n\nJ\n\nhatine arrived from the shoes par Kamagra of Corps me hanby j formed that Chetr Guade 120 bring the Hongkong und Kowlem. When and Gedown Oomane's Galewno al —\n\n14h hay H chained de soju ja\n\nGrodkar Thöded\n\n1231, will be subjekt 1. rent.\n\nNice vil se ofonbed\n\nby the jah hay man whatever.\n\nTamegri Parkagen must be left in\n\nF\n\n\"\n\n1\n\ncha Getaman tur 2men by the\n\n·\n\nmuaj nga me Zemperaboen van de kan je\n\nat 10 ham on Masdays and TheDENJE. home Man to presented with-\n\n1. The days of the espapa's merival ¦herr, after why mat\n\nbe repemand\n\nMELORERS & CO.\n\nAgwia Norddeuwcher Laaye, Bing Hongkong, Th Ortaber, 1921.\n\nNOTICE\n\nPROF. I. KETO'S, Massage staklenogors moved from 1. Queer's Head, G\n\nU. Hamer Load, Maschall\n\nTelephine 220SE (Pacing Orient Building..\n\nASAHI BEER\n\nBal Agents\n\nITSUI\n\nBUSSAN\n\nKAISHA\n\nLTD.,\n\nHAUKINNON MAUL, 202 & Co.\n\nHONGKONG\n\nAgrsta\n\n--\n\nHONGKONG TIDE TABLE.\n\nTAINL GERANG TE.. The 11th Der k TAIPING\n\nJan. 17\n\nIng 15th\n\nNow 201\n\n1 Dee Bab\n\nMb Fab. d\n\n15w\n\nFor MIT KING\n\nvha ♬\n\nEnjoy Your Sher! Laany in Australia and Nave Loviand. Hong Kong Sydney 19 Daya. FIRST VLABS FARE TO AYONET, 276 METUUN\n\nLONDON 194 Australia; from 11:36:13\n\nqur lekese Taira l'hora Lacuna donna. Dea Beypa\n\nOBANCTE\n\n10\n\nAUSĪGALIAN- ORIENT L LIKE LIMITED BUCKSIDE MONTILE. Again HOND INDI\n\nO. S. K.\n\nANTHON BANDWID\n\nAND ANTWERP DEL Bog\n\nJANELİNİ KANTES R IRENES ALEKS\n\n-7\n\nMULIACENE VILISANE SARMAY\n\nTÄCCKLAND & WELLINGTON\n\nMar\n\nmanda AY\n\nMOMBASA ZANZIBAR. PANTS SALAAN. APIRA 19URANCE KARATES, BLAIAN PORT EL. ZABETH & CAFETERN 1 chên 121 BX JANRING BANTING J BUENAS AIRES\n\nmen\n\nCALAUTTA VIAMonpapan, Kalymns\n\nDe Bang\n\nNEW YOK, in Japan pod l\n\nAngelie a Panama Call Trimetal Bom Phila alge in d. Maltalk. JAPAN PORTS (Prequent Harved |\n\nKAIPHONG Som Top & Fakha\n\nCEILING L Batam ad\n\n(day 1\n\nTATAI V Sundew and Away.\n\nTetaphily (10\n\nW\n\nMonada Moru\n\nblue sky, imelendz, d=dziugļu, ==folghtning, ist, The Lionde hai jadi ing (odpora Gravelcard, perpasaling showera, equatio, so, sathunder.\n\nALIURATHA\n\nkt: ne\n\nthn\n\nS\n\n: !!!\n\nFr\n\nT'h Ker\n\nTues Non\n\nWed\n\n1st Nat\n\nToda Mari\n\nFr\n\nShed Cri\n\nMito\n\nThu, 29th Chel\n\nB 25 Öel\n\nThum, 5th No\n\nsalon M\n\nTh∙li har..\n\nFor further particulars please apply to:-\n\nOSAKA SHOSEN KAISHA.\n\nTel.\n\nTHE EAST ASIATIC CO., LTD., COPENHAGEN.\n\nThe M.S. \"SIAM\"\n\non or about 24th October\n\nIne\n\nPORT SAID, HAVRE, MARSEILLES, ANTWERS ROTTERDAM, AMSTERDAM BAMBURG COPENHAGPS & OTHER RCANDINAVIAN & BALTIC POS\n\n1.\n\nPAWA\n\nMIATA\n\nANNA JU\n\nMAILING LIT\n\nthe f\n\nDet\n\nThe 3 of Lolk er um from the na GW Ila ka baba zaporini.\n\n\"GLEN\" LINE (DIFTED.\n\n7 Motory AAA,\n\nPELENOGI I And fre Cumerenees of mange b;\n\nint that\n\nTar Ind me ther risk tr\n\n-\n\nwer extre bargado,\n\nDen Bmekan\n\nH Kiedmans\n\nwe por\n\n¡ MTC Ping\n\nhaxard\n\nGodmen at Toon What\n\nlimited\n\nmp and a fewn the whačem, de\n\nAng may kaszaimed\n\nASAHI\n\n1971, at 10\n\nin th\n\nLAGER\n\nALE PONgg Inrindag these\n\npolice by Mr G. 1. Ger, the provvind, and muit ako se rabattil seand beer, who lakimakes that the day of meriv... elhel weapon mas handed in the Chinese, they will not be redigini il martermastar to theum on October 1, No Flee Intard wat be effeted;\n\nwas dismissed at Switem, Sa\n\nBit of Lang wiD He\n\nmapected að karlng inken. Che revolver of l\n\nThe what discover: JARDINE, MATHESON & CO., LTD notil the ship'n gemak was checked saarival in Hongkong.\n\nweek, the Dutybar, IM1.\n\nExport\n\nCOM\n\nBANK LINE LTD.\n\nAGENTS FOR\n\nELLERMAN & BUCKNALL 5.8.\n\nCO., LTD.\n\nKATLINGS. STIRJEST TO ALTERATION WITHOLT FOTICE. UNITED KINGDOM & CONTINENT\n\n8.6. \"ITY OF WINDSOR\"\n\n8.8. \"CITY OF HOUBAL\"\n\nFAST\n\nOD\n\nLITY\n\nELLER WAN LINE.\n\nLondon, Katteplam, Bamburg & Glasgow.. Havre, London, Rotterdam & Hamburg\n\nH p + Tith Yember\n\nNEW YORK, BOSTON & BALTIMORE AMERICAN & MANCHURIAN LINE.\n\nALSO WOINTI POR\n\nANDREW\n\nWEIR & CO.\n\nHER FACT tho\n\nAMERICAN & ORIENTAL LINE.\n\nMV. \"IRIKBANK\"\n\nat Now\n\nI'\n\nBeaton. Now Yark & Baltimaa MY POYLEBANK\" Boston, New York & Ballimato MAGRITIUS & SOUTH AFRICA\n\nSTINEOW-\n\n\"ob Jam 14'?\n\nBANGXING BANGVON SKILICE MAPITAINED BY THE FAST BATON RESSAL V.\n\nPINTANDO\n\nW\n\nKnee Booting.\n\nTriophene 2505,\n\nIelegram. \"Fumanc-e\n\nThiepveno 14871.\n\n;\n\n\"\n\nLer\n\nES OUTÖRER. 1951.\n\npirate apple te JOHN MANKENS & CA LH.\n\n...\n\nBehaven.*.\n\nich Navebuv\n\nORIENTAL AFRICAN LINE.\n\na dlak Chak ber Ma \"etla.. Kantan, Prologoa day. Exat 1-8d – Ak Day Fort Mnet àlay, anzi Capriona Through Hub of Jamag mind to Bary, quicus me. To Peet Atverk. Mozambique, Code. Ixhaminas, Zanabar. Monsassa, Kundra, Id Nagok, Tum Bay, Wade Pay apd Hedagow.\n\nfraight phanage on xay of the abera lisel\n\nMeranie Bank Baldin.\n\nTelephone 7.\n\nTHE BANK LINE, Ltd.\n\n10\n\n...\n\nNOT\n\nI 10.\n\nKAYIKO SUITANG\n\n„Kov. Si, Ap\n\nKey E EUROCHOW Now, Hà. 110 p. BUNNING\n\n*,, Nov. 8th, LUPA. TISTS XOXICROW Nov 19th 10m 10.\n\n* Caling at Away for Pasoengues only\n\nBalinge Bunjach to Alteration\n\nFor Fregul or Fanvagn apply to—BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE\n\nTalophon 3)\n\nAgrate\n\nChers and keppage san lor Enement at ima Ullared Vottarhald\n\nHAMBURG-AMERIKA LINIE\n\nYAPPEL.\n\nFAR EASTER MAIL-FREIGHT- = PARBENGER SERVICE between. JAPAN, CHINA, BOSALONG, PAI LIPPINES, STRAITS SETTLEHENIS. COLOMBO and BUROPE.\n\nSAILINGS 10 UROPE.\n\nMIT KHADELAND\"\n\nMT\n\nKANGRA\n\nAV-LEVERS FEN\"\n\n39\n\nRAARLAND\n\nDEITINATION.\n\nTees, Kastırdım i\n\n(3) Oman, Mattosklen, Kostarda\n\nLEAVING\n\nING\n\nHamburg Ni Novencher\n\nBird Nesebar\n\nGia Dovember\n\nBreedtem, Mosterdam\n\n+ Hamburg\n\n(1) Gam, Matsuším, Recordem\n\n4 Balang\n\nmikku ja varapova 1NI JEUNG JA Goj arīkoj\n\nARNIVALS FROM EUROPE,\n\n· LEVERKUSEN\n\nNYELMELLAND'\n\nTh\n\nBAJOČNOM ME\n\nD\n\nMY\n\nKM SAARLAND\"\n\n176\n\nBjects ratios tulkost. Nolum (T) Exellent Acunmodation fur Passenger, Qualiħad Burgwom\n\norczled.\n\n25 Limited Passenger Abgommedaliva, Qulided Surgeca saznION (3) Cargo Brat\n\nFaraghodig in Semon from £70.0.0. Par (tylko particulars please apply to diguda ——\n\nJEBSEN & CO.,\n\n37. Poddar ásamt, Hongkong.\n\nAGJENTA\n\nTad iz\n\nLLOYD TRIESTINO\n\nPertuightly Pasangan and Freight Hervice for\n\nBRINDISI, VENICE & TRIESTE\n\nris Žagapers, Columbs, Bombay, Jules, Bam, and Port Bald.\n\nTak Curges through Hilla of Lading to Fitaner, Gans, Al HallAN,\n\nAdelaide, Liries, Blask doa sud Dumbo Parla\n\nFamasgera to LONDON (Overh\n\nNEXT BAILINGS FROM HONGKONG\n\nB.B. MONCALIEKI (Cargo boek, NN, CARIONANO (Carga bouti\n\n5.8. PILNA\n\n8. GANG\n\n(Pamerogor mos\n\n[Passenger boat)\n\n5.8 VENEZIA L (Pam & enzym konto\n\nMV. BILDA\n\n(Large boat)\n\n8.8. CRACOVIA || Passenger busty\n\n* Ünļmayıl vayaju se Kamples vały.\n\nthad Sut\n\n315 Ok\n\n2012 Del\n\nInh Em .. Bộ GT\n\n18th Mar\n\n2003 Hea\n\n14 Der 17th Jan> \n\nLa The\n\nLariamlar Attentam in called in shaka “GARGET MAANA MAI Makhu thu veg zân Hongkong/Hade em 30 days, than sibering passengers to nuk benda\n\n♫k duya ən koma for the Chelatarna Heli dogr Badung Duam vekjes së akomadian pikkeni merusa\n\nFor Fartendere, simae sapit ka v\n\nQueen's Belshing\n\nPol Speci\n\nDODWELL & CO., LTD.\n\nAgenu\n\nKLAVENESS LINE\n\nPACIFIC\n\nCUAST ASIATI\n\nSERVICE,,\n\n..EGI LAR TRANS-PACIFIC SERVICE\n\nPALEOAL est for LOS ANGELES,\n\nSAR FRAMASCŲ, PORTLAND INEGON, PREET SOUND BATTLE TACOMA\n\n3BNFVILLE\n\nBaling ni Kar\n\nm. Lần making paper::: 'I: ANUKLA64 by Herat nypornAMŲ SOUTH BOUND\n\nYL1E\" dow Hlong lịch minh lên th Adressing cargo, la MINDAPURA AJAYA PORTA\n\nLantagh Funnger Amummaanting kallakka bar Fragma Paangs Haim and all sikar tabernet\n\npe\n\nTHORESEN & CO. LTD.\n\nkam v Benám.\n\nAparta\n\nTN\n\nMES.\n\n. Lop đưa\n\n147\n\nE",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-536-1 Estimates- 1932 3-9-1931 - 16-6-1933.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 548843,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "page_number": 1,
        "title": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "content_text": "53595\n\n1935\n\nHONG KONG\n\nCLOSED UNTIL\n\nRATING ORDINANCE (Amendt:)\n\nNo 10 of 1935\n\nPrevious\n\nSubsequent\n\nR83\n\nLily Legal\n\nMm Cestas\n\nMr. Dule\n\n26\n\n27/46\n\n4.5\n\n815\n\nMr. Yent\n\n&\n\nR-50\n\n9.\n\n1575\n\n299 Rom. 83.\n\nLly\n\n16/5 Legal 18/5\n\nRoPS!\n\nсо\n\n129/554/2\n\nFILE A.\n\n(27159) Wt. 24455-46 11,000 in 2 sorts\n\n1/35 P.st. G.645/17\n\n53595\n\n+",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 548844,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "page_number": 2,
        "title": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "content_text": "Cid\n\n(1) Yn 167\n\n18.3.35\n\n2\n\nR.\n\nSubmission regarding Ordinance No. 10: Rating (Amendment) Ordinance 1935, relating to the New Territories.\n\nIt is merely equitable that as certain districts in the New Territories come under the benefits of urban public services, they should be called upon to pay rates in return.\n\nA modified rating system based on a graduated scale of rates according to the value of the building assessed is hereby introduced for these new urban areas.\n\nI observe that amongst the powers under the Ordinance to be exercised by the District Officer, North and South of the New Territories, it is confirmed by Sect. 34 that recovering arrears in the Supreme Court is subject to legal reasons.\n\nNo legal objections being raised.\n\nGLC SIGNED\n\n4/5/35\n\nM8 William\n\n8.5\n\nPage information is kept as is, but since there is no clear \"Page XX\" format in the given text, no specific action is taken regarding page numbering.\n\nThe original text has been corrected for spelling, spacing, and some reordering to form coherent sentences while maintaining the original content and tone.\n\nFile references are checked, but none are present in the given text to correct.\n\nMarkdown formatting is not applied as per the output requirement to use HTML.\n\n \n\nHowever, to strictly follow the given output format (HTML using  for paragraphs), the revised response is:\n\nCid\n\n(1) Yn 167\n\n18.3.35\n\n2\n\nR.\n\nSubmis Ordenance no 10 SPARES TO LIBRARY. 1935, Rating (Amalt.). of Tegus, allüch teen expry of Cretmed It 北 districts is menely equitable that as centain the New Temnitimuus come under benefits & urban public sevences They should be called upch to pay rates iù return.\n\nThe here introduced for based on Varying recerching modified syslain & rating These new urban areas graduated scale worth rates to the lotul value A the building vissessedt .\n\nI observe that simongst the the haling Ordinance to be powers under to be exercised Led by by the DO Northe South the New Teamilines is that confirmed by Sect. But, of 34, of recovering Conve Arrears in the Supreme ? Julyect to tegal Asons, now- Awallow G3 M8 Witam 4/5/35 No legal obsons beijaan.\n\nGLC SENE who 8.5",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 548845,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "page_number": 3,
        "title": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "content_text": "3\n\nm Bell\n\nNoled\n\nتاک\n\n(2) o alleis\n\nLibrary.\n\n8/5/35\n\nfour copy of Cachurce\n\nне\n\n2283.\n\n2 To #. Kong - 165 (No.1 Ansa) / -15 MAY 1936\n\n5 is rewritten as \n\n3\n\nm Bell\n\nNoted\n\n(2) on affairs\n\nLibrary.\n\n8/5/35\n\nfour copy of Catalogue\n\n2283.\n\n2 To H. Kong - 165 (No.1 Area) / 15 MAY 1936\n\nHowever, to follow the exact instruction of outputing HTML and not including any explanation or markdown, the rewritten response will be adjusted accordingly.\n\n3\n\nm Bell\n\nNoted\n\n(2) on affairs\n\nLibrary.\n\n8/5/35\n\nfour copy of Catalogue\n\n2283.\n\n2 To H. Kong - 165 (No.1 Area) / 15 MAY 1936",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 548846,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "page_number": 4,
        "title": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "content_text": "No: 167.\n\nGOVERNMENT HOUSE,\n\nHONG KONG.\n\n18th March, 1935.\n\nZSAK 1935\n\nC. O. PEGL\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to submit for\n\nthe signification of His Majesty's pleasure the\n\nfollowing Ordinance intituled:-\n\n2.\n\n\"An Ordinance to amend the\n\nRating Ordinance, 1901.\"\n\nThe enclosed report by the Attorney\n\nGeneral explains the objects and reasons of the\n\nOrdinance.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour most obedient, humble servant,\n\n[Signature]\n\nGovernor, &c.\n\nTHE RIGHT HONOURABLE\n\nSIR P. CUNLIFFE-LISTER, G.B.E., M.C., M.P.,\n\n&c.,\n\n&c.,\n\n&c.,\n\n4",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 548847,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "page_number": 5,
        "title": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "content_text": "ATTORNEY GENERAL'S CHAMBERS,\n\nHong Kong, 15th March, 1935.\n\nREPORT ON ORDINANCE No. 19 of 1935.\n\nI have examined the accompanying Ordinance, intituled an Ordinance to amend the Rating Ordinance, 1901, and I am of opinion that the Ordinance is one which is not contrary to the Governor's instructions.\n\n2. Despite the fact that there is no provision in the Rating Ordinance, 1901, excluding the New Territories from the operation of that Ordinance, no assessment or collection of rates has hitherto been made outside the boundaries of the island of Hong Kong and of Kowloon and New Kowloon.\n\n3. With the granting of certain benefits in the way of street lighting, street maintenance, drainage, water supply, scavenging, etc., to such areas as Taipo Market, Un Long, and Tsuen Wan, it is considered that some form of rating should be applied in the case of such urban areas in the New Territories.\n\n4. Accordingly, this amending Ordinance adds to the Rating Ordinance, 1901, a new section (Section 49) in eight sub-sections establishing in the New Territories (other than New Kowloon) a modified system of rating of which the salient features are as follows:-\n\n5",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 548848,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "page_number": 6,
        "title": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "content_text": "(a) The District Officers in their respective districts are given the powers and duties of the Assessor of Rates and the Colonial Treasurer under the principal Ordinance (s.s.1);\n\n(b) Rates are to be imposed upon such parts of the Territories as are declared by the Governor in Council to be urban areas and in respect of buildings only (s.s.2);\n\n(c) Buildings are to be classified according to their value as assessed from year to year by the District Officers (s.s.3);\n\n(d) s.s. 4 imposes an annual rate on buildings, graded according to the classification thereof, the rate for a building that enjoys the benefit of a Government water supply being double the rate for one which does not. This annual rate may be altered, as under section 31(1) of the principal Ordinance, by resolution of the Legislative Council.\n\n(e) s.s.5 requires all rates to be paid quarterly in advance to the District Officer. The times appointed for payment will be notified in the districts and not in the Gazette as provided by section 32 of the principal Ordinance;\n\n(f) In the event of default in the payment of rates the District Officers are given by s.s. 6 the same power in order to recover the same as the Collector of Crown Rent is given in respect of such rent by the Crown Rent regulations made under the New Territories Regulation Ordinance, 1910;\n\n(g) s.s.7 makes special provision for the refund of rates in respect of non-occupation of part of a building;\n\n(h) by s.s. 8 such modifications may be made in the Schedule forms as the District Officers deem necessary.\n\n6\n\n5. In my opinion this is an Ordinance to which His Excellency the Governor may properly assent in the name of His Majesty and on His behalf.\n\nAttorney General.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 548849,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "page_number": 7,
        "title": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "content_text": "HONG KONG.\n\nNo. 10 of 1935.\n\nI assent.\n\nW. PEEL,\n\nL.S.\n\nGovernor.\n\n15th March, 1935.\n\nAn Ordinance to amend the Rating Ordinance, 1901.\n\n[15th March, 1935.]\n\nBe it enacted by the Governor of Hong Kong, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows:-\n\n1. This Ordinance may be cited as the Rating Amendment Ordinance, 1935.\n\n2. The Rating Ordinance, 1901, is amended by the addition of the following heading and section at the end thereof:--\n\nModifications in New Territories (other than New Kowloon).\n\nAmendment of Ordinance No. 6 of 1901 by addition of new s. 49 and heading.\n\nSpecial\n\n49. In their application to the New Territories, other than New Kowloon, the provisions of this Ordinance shall be subject to the following modifications:-\n\nfor rating in the New Territories,\n\nNew\n\n(1) The powers and duties of the Assessor and of the Treasurer shall be exercised and carried out by the District Officer, North, in respect of the Northern District, and by the District Officer, South, in respect of the Southern District of the said Territories. The office of the appropriate District Officer shall be substituted for the Treasury in Section 14.\n\n(2)(a) Rates shall be assessed, imposed and levied in respect of buildings only, and in such areas only, as may be declared by the Governor in Council to be urban areas. The words \"urban area\" shall be substituted for the word \"district\" in lines 2 and 5 of section 15.\n\n(b) Every such urban area shall be delineated and shown on a plan approved by the Governor in Council and deposited in the office of the District Officer of the district in which such area is situated.\n\n(3)—(a) Rateable buildings shall be classified as follows:\n\nSpecial class...Buildings which are valued by the assessing officer at over $4,000.\n\nFirst class.. Buildings which are valued by the assessing officer at over $2,000 but not over $4,000.\n\nSecond class...Buildings which are valued by the assessing officer at over $750 but not over $2,000.\n\n7",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 548850,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "page_number": 8,
        "title": "CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935",
        "content_text": "Third class.....Buildings which are valued by the assessing officer at over $200 but not over $750.\n\n(b) No rate shall be imposed in respect of any building of which the value, in the opinion of the assessing officer, is $200 or under.\n\n(c) The assessing officer shall note in every assessment and valuation list made out by him the buildings which he finds neither to have nor to use Government Waterworks water.\n\n(d) The word \"tenement\" throughout the Ordinance shall mean a building rateable under this section and the words \"rateable value\" in sections 16 (1) (a) and (d) and 28 (1) shall be read as if the words \"true value\" were substituted.\n\n(4)(a) In respect of every building enumerated in the assessment and valuation lists for the New Territories, other than New Kowloon, and according to the classification thereof, and after the time for appealing under section 16 or section 28 has expired, there shall be payable as rates from the 1st July in each year or, in the case of an interim assessment, from the first day of the month next following the assessment, or from such other day as may be fixed by the Governor in Council, the sums or amounts specified in or ascertained under the following scale.\n\nClass of building.\n\nThird class. If noted in the list as neither having nor using Government Waterworks water\n\n  \n    Annual Rate\n    $2\n  \n\nPage 8\n\n3\n\n(b) The annual rate provided for in paragraph (a) of this sub-section may be altered by resolution of the Legislative Council.\n\n(c) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to repeal or affect any of the provisions of the Waterworks Ordinance, Ordinance No. 16 of 1903, or the New Territories Regulation Ordinance, 1910, or any other Ordinance amending or extending the same.\n\n  \n    \n    If not so noted.....\n    Second class. If noted in the list as neither having nor using Government Waterworks water\n    $6\n    $12\n    If not so noted.\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    First class. If noted in the list as neither having nor using Government Waterworks water\n    $8\n    $16\n    If not so noted...\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    Special class. If noted in the list as neither having nor using Government Waterworks water\n    $2 per $1000 of the valuation.\n    $4 per $1000 of the valuation,\n    If not so noted...\n  \n\n(5) The above rates shall be paid quarterly in advance at the office of the District Officer of the district and the times appointed for payment shall not be notified in the Gazette, but shall be published by him in each urban area in his district.\n\n(6) Where default has been made by any person in payment of any rate, the District Officer shall have the same powers as the Collector of Crown Rent under the Crown Rent regulations made under the New Territories Regulation Ordinance, 1910, and the said Regulations (necessary changes being made) shall apply to the recovery of rates.\n\n(7) Refund of rates may be made by a District Officer on the same terms and subject to the same conditions and right of appeal as those set out in sections 35, 36, 37 and 38: Provided that in the case of a building let to more than one tenant, one or more of the floors of which is unoccupied during one or more entire months of any quarter, it shall be lawful for a District Officer to grant in respect of such non-occupation a refund not exceeding twenty per cent of the rates payable for that quarter.\n\n(8) The forms in the schedule may be adapted and modified as the District Officers may find necessary.\n\nPassed the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, this 14th day of March, 1935.\n\nR. A. C. NORTH,\n\nDeputy Clerk of Councils.\n\nPage 9\n\nEND",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-2 Rating Amendment Ordinance 1935 15-3-1935 - 18-3-1935.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 581435,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "page_number": 3,
        "title": "CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946",
        "content_text": "## To Si M. Joung\n\n13.4.46\n14.4.46\nFrom Sim.\nJou\nMincher\nJ\n150\n14\n9.4.86\nBada\ng\nHo gore Malang & \n16.5.46\nFrom \nProf. Hiilön\n20.5.46\nMine of the king\nWe \n(Huaxes by 1=Sless)\n28.5.46\nཆ་ཡི་ཆ་\nHo\nд\n13\nは\n(made by Mo-sloss)\nhunder of the 111 Meeting\nthee lug\n11.6.46\n(s)\nA tooth\nmaking of the Comthe\ntil\nga 16.746\nbus\ni\nPrecis\nدلة\nuucimulez.\n\nThis file ex has\nArliens",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-3 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University. For extracted photographs see CN 3-45- Advisory Committee- minutes of... 18-1-1946 - 9-4-1946.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 592295,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-613-4 Transfer of registration of China Companies from the United Kingdom to Hong Kong 16-4-1946 - 3-2-1948",
        "page_number": 60,
        "title": "CO129-613-4 Transfer of registration of China Companies from the United Kingdom to Hong Kong 16-4-1946 - 3-2-1948",
        "content_text": "## \nWt. 41936/587. 1/47. 50m. S. & S. Ltd.  \nWt. 47799/614. 2/47, 30m. S. & S. Ltd.\n\nC. O.  \nMr.  \nMr.  \nMr.  \nMr.  \nMr.  \nMr.\n\n52296447  \nPermt. U.S. of S.  \nParly. U.S. S.  \nSecretary of State.\n\nYour Reference.... 3.\n\nDRAFT.\n\nG. E. Marchell Esq...\n\nDear Mitchell,\n\nWith reference to the registration of \"China\" Comfame Honey Wing under Malang Proclamation No.27, the suggestion has been made that the date specified in Article 4, para 2 of the China Order shall be fixed at 30th Sept 1947.\n\nThe Consul General at Shanghai reports that 245 China Companies have now been registered and 175 remain that have not. He adds that it is in accordance with the Order that applications for registration be made to the Council.\n\n[copy of despatch No. 33]\n\n## \nPage 60\nPage 61",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-613-4 Transfer of registration of China Companies from the United Kingdom to Hong Kong 16-4-1946 - 3-2-1948.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    }
]