[
    {
        "id": 229566,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-031 - Public Offices - 1849",
        "page_number": 66,
        "title": "CO129-031 - Public Offices - 1849",
        "content_text": "Age \n\nherself and infant daughter, were \n\ncalamity Entirely \n\ncut off. \n\nThat the said \"ticias smithers the month of January \n\nhundred and forty a proportion \n\nlowa \n\ndy creating \n\n\" \n\nby this \n\nfree \n\nof his to a \n\nprusion pond and the one mouth swore if such proportion been, paid fin cases. \n\nof his saing disabled (your) beheres that her late husband would have been entitled to a pension during \n\nthe remainder of his life. \n\n\"That it has \n\nbeen \n\na \n\npetitione. \n\nto your Majesty's governmento always willing to take into consideration \n\nand render assistance to the survivors of \n\npersons killed in their device and a lit Ke.. \n\nwill be found on reference to the Police. Reports that such was the case in to the said Thomas smithers \n\nYour Petitioner therefore humbly \n\nprays that she \n\nVOL. I. No. 9. \n\nChina \n\nOverland \n\nHONGKONG, THURSDAY, 28 \n\nDiplomatic Department. \n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION. Ilis Excellency For Majesty's Plenipotentiary and Chief Superintendrut of Trade, de, &., is pleased to direct that the following Notification, issued by 1ler Britannic Majesty's Consul at Shanglane, be published for the general information of British subjects in China, \n\nBy Order, \n\nA. R. JOHNSTON, \n\nVictoria, Hongkong, 30th August, 1848. \n\nBRITISH CONSULATE ORPION, SHANGHAE, \n\n12th August, 1848. \n\nNOTIFICATION. \n\nA Boats \n\nBoots \n\nHis Excellency the Officiating Tapu-tai having communicated his intention of sending certain naval vessels, enumerated in the margin, to cruise about in the neighbourhood- hood of Gutzia Island in search of Pirates, and for the protection of the native shipping, it is hereby made known that the above specified fleet is duly commissioned by the Chinese Authorities for the service on which it is \n\n5 Sin all da. to. employed, and that each vessel carries a distinguishing Flag of White with \n\n4 Canton Lurokas. a Red border, and is provided with: a Written Authority of Commission. \n\nRUTHERFORD ALCOCK, \n\nConsul. \n\nTo the British Subjects within the Consular Jurisdiction of Shaughae. \n\nbe allowed \n\nDiplomatic Department. \n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION. \n\nmay some small pension \n\nhave some resistance rend to enable her to \n\nsupport \n\n4 \n\nherself and daughter a present left intirely unprovided for. \n\nAnd your petition to \n\nEver pray te. \n\nIn the accompanying paper will be found of the death of the late Thomas Smithers. \n\nlue steered for. \n\nfoot a low water.\" \n\nMail. \n\nSEPTEMBER, 1848. \n\n64 \n\nPRICE $4 PER ANNUM. \n\nand consult with \"turespon ordinary were givun to \n\nnow reaved in griply a petition, fwa Chu-kwa-yu sad the other Buty thongs, stating that they have maturely calmulated on the plan of raising a contibution; from Tire sawdx \n\njunk and me who hire \n\nKerred on the amounts to bu caminabeud with, of they prosout actalls, qui they rogues i orders tabagiven \n\ndhuli \n\n*ximating \n\nof Nether \n\nSix months ago (April 6) we noticed u enost ni reeing so many armed foreigners, \n\nsonrilat Dr Bettelheim, Hermiastonney, deserted their houses and made off towards subject, ad obedies or to our wounds we have had been murdered in Ben-choo in Sep- the hills, bus six or seven of theta were \n\nWe ther, considered overtaken and enrried to Nagpa, tomber proceding. the information as being too ragus to he Ita for tre Chinese authorities, who of mothers woning the freigla aipuris bott relied on; and are glad to learn that,course do not participate in the ignorance insight, from cutributions that they have ublicly after a voor's interval letters have been of the common people in confoundling all received from the reverend gentleman, foreigners together as fuglishren, to call for the contribution to air. Thi dated Napcking, Loo-choo, August 27, Père Danicourt to account for such tawar- \n\nen beide 0115 on \n\nkat the connu 1848. He says his puissionary Inbours antable proceelings, and to convince hier ersal re safe and stable is count; and the sail enchants, in Cam conling actively forward to make a are still regarded with jealousy'; but he that though the Edict of Toleration gives sacritice for the rafie gedara perked of meaty, an seems to be subjected to no pergcution.aim and others liberty to preach ad praeghy of conteonation and es.ec. Beside e cetition) w S this procla alase in the hurdlerances to his freedom of time their religion at any of the open puris, hagis e almu to the Futy Hings for their alar utation, giving dish or orders is the junk-and Jocomotion. His wife writes that the it lone not authorize them to make hostilemon. The 19th Any of the present tooth ed goromument has compelled the restoration invos, nor constitute them proctectors of as the dude fan which the cations for aid wid leg to be levied en exportacio of souther Goods of soms property which had been stolen natin converts in the interior, against the Let there be net die least opportun er trepediment from lain. \n\noperation of their own laws doctrine gre. A careat and special proclamacion. Obc which we have been not a little surprized to hear defended. \n\nWe are enabled to state the following ticulara respecting the affairs af D. Rustomjce & Co. of Cantou ;--- \n\npar. \n\nM. \n\nplying \n\nORY FA ANCIENS TO DX DOSYAM TED. \n\nCn Chinaen Cottons, plau, 234 dj vá, and \n\nYes Clock, \n\nOf Paro Danicourt himself we have not \n\nCourse Grace Modlig \n\nJis (Cafe Cotto \n\nForeign Lung Colon, \n\nRay Coto, uoleened, \n\ninfertor Fort, \n\n| before heart; but judging from the present Meerwanjee Jeejeebhoy, a partner in case, we infer that the appropriateness of the hons, hearing in Bombay at the failure the title he bears rests upon his being,— of Dadabhoy Rustomjee, hastily started !for China to investigate the affaire of the firm, and to protect the interests of the creditors. Upon his arrival he found \n\nOf that stabburn craw \n\nOf errail knights, whom all men grant \n\nTo be the tenc Cinch Milltant; Such as do build their faith upon \n\nThe July text of pike and gsi ; \n\nAnd pave their doctrine orthodox \n\nBy apestolic blows and knocka, \n\nWe also extract from the Friend of \n\nI \n\n13ch cleaned, \n\noh gluing Boston, \n\n10. \n\nElo \n\nWhite Lead, \n\nColuared Paper \n\nFlowed and Note Paper, \n\nStuchsen, de 1,5, &areen du. ), Tellur \n\nTay Sugar, Potidean, White so \n\n11. \n\nDi \n\nSugar Candy \n\nሱ \n\nKwangbang, dan, \n\nGreat Glager, \n\nTony Chry Sucks, \n\nCents. \n\n\"1\" \n\nPicen 2 \n\n· Dale \n\nWhico. \n\nPcular de \n\nFlowers and Flant Fellow (Sen bed) Tez, \n\nMetropolitan Gods. \n\nBlack Treppe \n\nBlack and Gruen, du.. \n\nBarn Wood, \n\nBesides to abors, there are other misellaneous zuids \n\nun them may be infeed from claccounts in the bay \n\n- \n\nTAIFOONG. \n\nGREAT PESTROMSON OF LIFE AND PROVERTY \n\nOx Thursday night, (21st August,) this part of the coast of China was visited by a storm, of which a contemporary says, \"though much low has vçe currell, it did not in strength amount to a bi- foong\" hat witch, from the disastrous accounts arriving from all quartere, appears to us to have been one of us! severity. \n\nThe following Extract of a letter from Mr Vice-Consul Robertson to Rutherford matters in such a state as to induce him! Alcock, Esquire, British Consul at Shanghae, reporting the restoration of Land-marks mediately to call a reeting of the crodi to the anchorage of Woesung, which had been swept away during the late Typhoon, ore, to whom he explained how he was eir- and furnishing Directions for the guidanes of Ship Masters entering the Wersungsted and proposal to place biz affas Mu Consul Alcocl: has issued the follow- in the hands of Trustees. To this theying Notification respecting the duties pay- River, is published for genarni Information— \n\nagreed, but afterwards, finding every thing able on Sagar api other Chinese produce on which these Poles are erected being about 16 feet aoove the level of the river: There is an old declined to net, and one of the creditors, and the open ports of China. \n\nTwo doen Poles, in buight fit feet, the baskets on then 30 feet from the ground the Battery in great confusion, the gentlemen named shipped in British vessels from Hongkong TYte bet Ecu (2, \n\nThrer Toles in triangle, at low water mark fifty feet in height; a board painted red with a Byramjee Couverjes Bbuhs, ontneed white hall in the centre, ist lost squere, being fixed thereon, at 51 feef from the ground. \n\nThe directions for guter he Wosung Reserate as follows:-In sighting flue Line of Battery Moorwananjeebecently received letters Shangae's Flamation regarding ship-sokware, Hib year, 711, th, 7th: stay. (th \n\nan action before the Supreme Court. Mr China a tunelution of the Toutes of which can be all noted bui the and Joss Poles et Pennsben, a white-washed mark in the wall with single Pole and small board from his friends in Bombay, Sondering him men by Chinese on British bottonis, August, 184) wül be seen. Keep Paoushan Pageda (a small contend-shaped roof of a Temple, very low, and but little seen above the trees) to the right of lege marks, until the Board on the iriangir just created relatanecan certain torus, which warranted wherein the right claimed by Sir John in a line with and between the two Jiss Poles, which it will be, bearing S. 70 W, when they may luna iu proposing a settlement with bis Davis is recognized, which had been pre- \n\nereditors, by which it was contemplated to viously resisted by the local unthorities. In the event of i working breeze, the Board in line with the Northernst Joss Pule will pay up the whole debt within three years, \n\nCorrespondence with Kering in China Hell No pear the N. W. end of the host on the East side, and the hourd in line with the Southern Jusu Pole will clear the Eastern edge of the beak on the Weat side, of the Chennai, giving 13 and 16 tiine being allowed him to communicate, Septenter, 1847 and Proclamation of Tu \n\nthe Marino Magtérate of amoy, No 01, April 1. farther with his father, who he thought \n\nNOTIFICATION. would assist him; and by whom securities By Order, \n\nBelfie C, 1848. In Bonsbay would be found for the All-i \n\nSTANCE, 15/A Seploraber, 3 ment of his agreement. To this they with F. E. the Tocutae respecting the Duties to H. M. Consul having been a correspondence al needed, scop pho Parsue above are on Suge des Chinees produes mentioned, who would listen to nothing brought into port by British Ships, the con lon Rifles, 077,—Total 1428: (fe0ficers but obtained a decree in his favour. On Celominee dat Sugar arriving from Amay or being 82 Native Officers 10; Non-coa-bia one of the other creditors Mirow Mrter of the onstar Pets, with Certificate of missioned Officers, Drummers, and Buglera Meerwanice into the Insolvent Debtor's Day prid, shall be exempt from furder payment Priann, when he petitioned the Judge, from Hongkong or any Foreign Part, or from \n\nof Baty of suel, produce, and that Sugar bianght 201.) \n\nby whom a special court was held on the way Consular Pert in Cina, wins Certificate ul 18th instant, when Meerwanjee waa al-Duty, shell in that case pay the Duty fixed in the tilt hall-past 2, when the hardcage was at its losed to like his petition, and afterwards Tariff, namely, a per sent ad velurem, as an height-e barneler being so los as £8.99. \n\nun+h/1;tte'li[ a tieje the Imports. released on the security of Mr Joseph Jar- \n\nFortunately the China houts for the alarm carly, Noties is hereby given, therefore, to consignees and made for the sheltered erucks on the Coulom dine and Mr Crawford Kerr. The aire \n\nside; but even there they seem to have suffered and others who may have given guarantees for the are Dow placed inthe hands of Mr Cey payment of Day on the Sugar recently brought | avverely, as a anumber of sell qud cargo boats were 04cial Administrator of Insolvent Estates. inte Port, that the said Duty of 6 per cent is pay-driven on shore, and many of their consiliorked. able through the New Custom-leuse, and it is A few large juuks and a loveli vemomed at anchor gested that the open accounts of the several off the Lower Bazaar, all of which were destroyer sips may be sivsed. \n\nduring the night. Of her which came ou share opposite Urcitar liblings about midnight, the extway with the exception of three un furry men, were lande:l in safty. \n\nVictoria, Hongkong, 27th September. 1348. \n\nOverlang China Mail. \n\nHONGKONG, THURSDAY, 9870 SEPTEN \n\nMIRTIE-A! Vistoria, Hongkong on the pich foste the wife of She Rev. Mr Jesrixe, of a Bon. \n\nBIRTH-AL West Point, Viotoria, on the 12th inst Mrs Ecart, of a Daughter, \n\nBIRTH-AC Yame, on the 31st uldme, the wife of D. J. MARCOWAN, H. D., of a Daughter \n\nMARRIAGE. On the 8th of June, at St Mary's, Bay- ensione atuare, London, by the Rev. J. I. Únores. Recto, Major Sampra Rarvogn, of the 31 ara Artery, to CA, third Daughter of Joseph Hee, Esq., X.P. \n\nHEATH-AWiraganatum, ou the 27th Jylg, Quarter Master Bergeat Tin Cankar, of the 26 Kogistens, KINK. \n\nPRATER-Drowned off the Typs near Macao, in fuc taitoony of the 1st utino, Mr J&S MACHTAGAY, Jate et Victoria; and Mr EDWARD 12s, formerly 1 mote of the Robroner Exload, Queens, \n\nDEATH-Drowned at the spa, near Macao, in the taimung of the 3:81 ultimo, Capron Pass of the Dti- \n\nBurp C DEATH-Drewood at Campstogusnor, in the taalborg of the 31s ulim, Captait, HATE and the Chief Sinto of the eiving Hip frabel linens, \n\nTEAT IM Browned, with his only fun, at Clean \n\nehow Bay, to the womward of langkong, 10 the tattoora of the 21st uitime, Mr Tumas Sms, Inspeter of The Hongkong Puiloc. \n\nLIK, lure of the P. & D. 8. N. Cu's Foestring Ship Fort BEATHA Sugaros, on the 34 lost, Cagl. Thas \n\nDEATH-AL Shangliae, on the til, fuslant. Mr i \n\nAt b \n\nt Daughter of the Way. Ur Legge. \n\non the 19th, inst, Ligatellani \n\nF. Beques, of H. M. Stramuralesa. \n\nArt:lery. \n\nA. R. JOHNSTON. \n\nPer \n\nVIDEO \n\nSepz.: Sept | Sent t \n\nPre \n\n& 10 8 \n\n40 \n\nX \n\nSappers and Minora. with erent...... \n\n13 110 170 112 100 27:36 81: 1.0 Ceylon Rides,..... 101 3083 20 00 70 551 \n\nH \n\n| 294 300 203 | 102: 180 181 \n\nI want, the late Dieutenant-Governor of 1.wangtung, has been saannaed to Court, ostensibly to receive office, but in reality. it is armise, to give his opinion of the Present state of foreign affaiss. The sub stance of the recent news from Entopo has been forwarded to the Emperer, and the \n\nevents are yo extraordinary, that even the \n\nRUTHERFORD ALCOCK, \n\nL'onsul. \n\naddition to the instances formerly given of outrages committed by the crews of co- Yeys on the cost the following parti- culars lure reached ns:-- \n\nOn the afternoon of the 20th of Augustin, eling that Chinses bicely who ship \n\nan affray took plaen at Ningpo between some Purtagnese sailors and the Chinese, in which two of the latter were killed and \n\nAs all for \n\nothers severely wounded. \n\n(From the Friend of Chlua, September 10.) \n\nPara eodle chuti pus Patice weuring to the Course Fury for Foreign Nationa \n\nWoo, Offolatione Taoutro of Shanghan, ke.. ka, hereby issues İne commands, Ús tho 17th bustani, 1 received \n\nIn Bosnkosa, enely in the furencoon the fall in the aromate attractul atientin, and the Aa- sistant Harbourmaster went wound the shipping, warmed there of what might be expecte.l. \n\nBut little fate spents to have been entertained till the approach of uning, when the sign The Barometer indicates bad weathes\" was seen tying at the Ang-staff in wont at Yalder's bill. \n\nFronts Ge the wind gradually oversed, \n\nIn the morning the Colony exhibited a mest melaretely appearance. In the harbour several vessels disanostel, others on shore, and the whole beach strewed with the wrrels of t hänesu juoking in the hs of which dead bodies were occasi ally seen Boating; while on store, every house \n\ndespatch from the Provincial Govoruer un rich \n\npay Duties so the New Custom-house, and the Chinasa at the Kiang-hae (Out) Cust-19: grofere I now hotels as flows find that the foreign expred to the stin suffered more me less,tiles \n\nsive distinct and intelligible polers, and on the receipt \n\n\"Foreign in \n\ntorn from the roots walla ievelled verandaha blown to pieces--21:1 wherever a gazolen plot fer- \n\nas been reused to inquire farther into their by the inhabitats, the friends of the de- customary apathy of las Celestial Majesty igners are there looked upon as English nature, of which no Chinese is better in-cased crowded round the British Consulated this dismic jou wil bsan a Fencianuncios in le- merly existed, the pla da napi bults were either DEATH-A Viatorin, or the auth Inst., ASHE MURRAY formed than Hwang. It's ideas on the to end the Comente assistance in appre disa that hernatter whru either broken sort off, ur fave up by the rocks \n\nhanés import Suwar or other! resocha i R hanghao, auca vels aro \n\nThe smesed table, shewing the state of the subcut may not be very comprehensive bending the wurderers; but though this \n\nBarometer declagg a night, bes been in the catiulation of European politicians, request was backed by the authoritics, and always to be regarded as determining the butted to be \n\nby the mastors of other Lorebas (ton erecced to a New Clest in-hou \n\ndnud if goods are imported by a really lovelen furnished by the Harbour-mator -- but key are certain to be marked by \n\nBer. Tras. the New Tartif thever Chinese pod shou Pasaksuvas por ACHILLES, 1 ] tamerrow, the prudence and good senac, ou gready in twelve in emberi then in the river. Manchorage, sad my Ducs der specias partest \n\nSullivan very properly declined to intor dare to pycało, with the prospect of escaping the heavy, 29 Justanter Kentang Dapsain. Beste advance of other imperial councillors. \n\nand availing of the light Duty, then the gonds will be Iwan was Keving's most trusted na fere in the marier fartier tlun by advising! goufianater to Beverinent, aut fi re benefit of at Sept, \n\nthat the neensed should be handed over to | Lie Customos rechte, \n\nbe pus coring that in ball b viser, es on after he was deprived of office the District Magistrate, who, after exauti exnutter thesoby You will at the sate line whic 20 and the Imperial Commissioner neveration, might send them to Mateo for alt i lini Ceiling sinis, Frouded, Defiled gaged in foreign adThis withent comentting \n\nFor SMarsden, Han Alures. For vez. Mesurs 1 . 51005, and in Per Singapore, Mess C. Plac, 3acker trou, au Chinese, \n\nWe are luppy to be enabled to report a \n\nfalse rutes, ad that a punishment \n\ngreat improvement in the health of the him. The office is now entrusted to a main by their own authorities; and this advice insearing (1) the Engli \n\nof auch inferior qualifications, that Keying acted on \n\nprobly see the necessity of having wang's counsel and cooperation iu raio- once to opening the City of Canton April next. \n\nwith.\" On recript of the the \n\n1 Conanl to request his Doperation, now alno, na izolaca \n\nclosely and Intolligibly, addruseling this Proois- The other caso, in which Père F. X. Ta-ation to the Chinese ineteats and to the Duly fengy nicourt, the Apustulie Missionary of Ning-fer of it for a fer the due to simp \n\npondnet your royarske, \n\ne perangaurdă contevin vit, giving pe, figured us principal, took place on the cause of or youtuston; and should Chinese 13th of Auguet, chout forty miles from Eing the protune of the tuner and put intock \n\nMercitants in Foreign vesels to carry Rugated bae, the capital of Chusan. It appears Shangliae, ar shoud Chincs pensle import any sort of that some native Roman Catholic eonverts \n\ntroops during the present mouth. In Juue, le douths were 10. in July 37, in August 16, white in September they have fallen 14, the number of sick in Hospital being 57. Since August the whole of the \n\nRegiment has been quarter on Sou, the new Governor General, who baril ships in the harbour, with the bap-now holds the appointment for the who had an interest in one of the temples, \n\nnagement of Barbarian Affairs, lately ro- \n\nmile whatever in Fercigu val. In alch Duy will be levied according to the Fow Tarif. Tling whc. destinately digobay, will gave their goods gondsgated \n\nand \n\nseld for sig benent of the Craton TOWELS \n\nali ovoru:dy obcy this, Cherish a hopes of \n\nevash, and \n\nnd thereby involve yourselves hi a ligny vei \n\nTucukwany, 28th year, 7th mouth, 24tle dag, \n\nCarefrak ngainst Ptrates. Wow, Oficiating Tanning of Shongban, &o., &c., heto by kee a procianin \n\n1sthet romanda The \n\nChee-hich of this face having represented to in that \n\nidly \n\n31st Auz. 10 \n\n.. \n\n3. NE \n\nheavy pas \n\n11 \n\n90.24 N.IS. \n\nJ \n\n+3 \n\nugly weader \n\n1 \n\n1. 20 in M.K \n\nW****. \n\nA M $3.5M \n\nInscriure \n\n9. \n\n\" \n\nH. by X \n\n- \n\n2.45 \n\n2 \n\n$12 \n\n13 \n\n21 \n\n:: \n\n| \n\nн \n\n4 \n\n. \n\n29ki \n\nJE. \n\nJa \n\n5 \n\n11 \n\n59 15 \n\nBy Soperaterra's. \n\n5,3). 24.37 \n\n8 May \n\n20.45 \n\nور \n\nE by N. \n\nጉ \n\nF. Nahig, heavy p008 \n\nkarang graffiat Times wavy pu \n\nSWly der:n \n\nThe following is an enumeration of the disaster which bufet dis Shipping, so far no we have been able to asuintain themi \n\nThe Beberg dyrk. W shirat Cizruin Floodinga; halla since been got off well legtle damage, ex- cupt the lowa offre and gratuara \n\nTho American brig Charles ilirpants, 5, eamq'ato wreek at die Boa Bay! Sturent stuce andò iz pullar angʻim. \n\nThe Metal banque tingui Sarant, en cone sul Green Lane, Sligh: hopes tersall entertained of wring the samel. The British iron bangue Jean kan, anded foul of the Eliza Ferunt, and trus baiyaenoda real folosites. \n\nThe British skip Milan Mont. Load with Sugar Live Shanglore, word avente in the pst in sety; hd the Join Laiva sivil) at down upon her, and seller against the De Heranecone, by which śe was nu merupin injurce dead sile has had to alerte her entge \n\nMurchants Wand-ying-sking and others, in which they The Spanish his Do (ferencias, Ici uusin tujuan, how statest stywe care for more receivals, ad fee-copatust \n\nnedors \n\nof the junk Thatch ship Kin form, wrecked on que our end of \n\nthe expenses of car ride to assist le defraying \n\ntato Ave ser afsendt tuse, the date the istuin, elvas to the village et Makers, this trees of her \n\npectively by the tire mondi Pun, Lah, Sony, Hon, Taj, i grew seven- \n\nPat efforts. Great part of the convit \n\nents are now fit for duty. Of the 14 oled anal officer at 1leang-shan were desirous of turning it into a Catholic teks during the month two only have for promotion, but his request, en account Clupei, in opposition to the majority of \n\nalty Aurmont and special Protiaanation. whom it belengel. From cd within the last ten days. \n\nthe pervous to of informality, has been refused; a reelt The Ceylon Rides, upon whom the or- quite unexpected, and which has engaged which the converts had the worst, and \n\naged words the disputants come to blows, in August, 1946)° dary duties of the garrison have devotee, the attention of the Board of War. The \n\ntine in the enjoyment of comparative people under his jurisdiction paise him beaten, were handed over to the Mag- ¡ two of their number, after being severely Lealth, and at present there are fewer for at being greedy of money. Ile \n\nhospital thun at any former elf lind frequently expressed his total, tate of Tugine. As you us M. Tanie het received a petition from the junk owners and Jeriod, except for a short time last year. indifference rospecting the homeurs con- \n\ncourt received the news of their imprison A furtight ago, however, two deaths oe- \n\nferred upon bis, and be readiness en, he went to the Tautas at Ningpo: urs in one night, but bett: men were surrender rice ali, in order to tool to ad insisted on their Fouration, tral Uist \n\nopium &makers. \n\nretired an quiet life. His administration their presents should be apprehended and gene diet, eruits, dog, Froth.) each The Bid bazgau Sutopiru, diffte aut lieyond Siren kiloving \n\nTable shows he on- has hitherto been marked by great sev parished. His denundet being attend to combura arcarding to is classifeasam But Isnel totally dissisted: as aface bean towed sate tike pr parative sekuese since our last report city in the dispensation of justice, dea No. 21, and with about thinly valun- cine vercle, with the cost of yoviding their asian \n\nbar Us Chinos Ja sata. to, M. Danicourt hired Portuguese Lorinchetiver the mintributions are or whited to mount, it le proper to stare that as Daugh vouring to overwe evinloers by cniet toere bem the ether borclus in purt, meal. the expensou will be for Geneight, the Frimurtes only were formerly patience. include in the Present Force, or fe not seem to be on the decrease. \n\nNevertheless crio does \n\nsailed to Chusan. The natives, fight tratton. f ten safe and convenient mouthor junks are Akolected and delivered over for the use of the marine, make of curpurison the same plot 18 now \n\nThe intest way that of a perlipin, the expense of wages and provisons will not be seal, ber. The forces however are thus of the heavy rains in the north, continue to! \n\nwho arrived at Man the very day to \n\nof lates that claso delimate to chalibuting received unerated, their actual numbers, officera arrive. Several rivers are said to have He was long with a portion of crew, dlately \n\ndoinge sppeared, (China Mail, sgten.ber 7, No. 186) | will not be adequate to die expenditure. At the present \n\neisergency, we four thạt say 10ßently in supplying as kolen 150 eurṛrity : but from what we can learn, unless alance w! Ingade te pomelims for the sapirs of Kufen the ty \n\nby car auprovets, he may escape conv be plenter, and enfure we have deviscal and agrad to the sui hentay in gruring the cast how a stridatin she be sessed on to, Chizone much evidence as will easily & European Cart Catton Coll, and offer guns exported from. His perti \n\nJunio \n\nand we request that the Duty Hong, brorizma to winter \n\nAccounts of the disnetrons evasequences. \n\nsac, the 234 instant, Feing.---Ar- inmulated whele districts, and the nast tillery, 80: Sappers and Minere, 38; Gan! terrible mvague of the flag-lo are ap- Laucars, 89; 9th Regiacot, 361; Cey- prehended, if the mains continue. \n\nThus, illamgh many jaks large and shall have writed \n\nAll if we reckon up the hire of the Braves and of tho \n\nfound to be shormona; and acadh. net war fanks genpot de buikt all at once by gen- \n\nTie eeliezmer San P. Novhy, was totally disa \n\nmarted off by Wes Naval Smores \n\nThe British mohon er zekana Queen's thouula were cat “wazy to use her fin gudng on there \n\nThe Thite trz niel Watson, diffted to the momptly vid The Carposing panjati panduk, kad kasinoeste \n\nสปาไ \n\nThe 13 arque Coulatque gave bich, with, a oaider be pardon of wet cargo dannĝed: 2000 packages of Jes are to do anus by snelion \n\nThe Hemen Alvis: Julimar, ned back from see, having Insi \n\nrudder hats, sprang head of matman, and last for ada \n\nThe Spanish; brigantine Carmen abo pau kuch, in a leaky state, having lost a\n\n## Step 1\nThe task requires proofreading OCR output of historical records related to Hong Kong, transforming the text into standard Markdown, and correcting spelling errors, spacing issues, and other formatting problems while preserving the original word count and order.\n\n## Step 2\nThe given text appears to be a collection of historical records and news articles from the \"China Overland Mail\" dated September 28, 1848. The text includes various sections such as government notifications, news, births, marriages, deaths, and reports on typhoons and their aftermath.\n\n## Step 3\nTo begin proofreading, we need to correct obvious spelling errors, remove extra spaces, and fix hyphenation or line-break artifacts. For example, \"calancity\" should be \"calamity\", \"savo 'ticias\" should be \"said Ticias\", and \"prusion pond\" should be \"prisoner or provision pond\" but based on context, it seems \"prision\" is likely meant to be \"provision\".\n\n## Step 4\nRejoining broken sentences and restoring paragraph breaks where necessary is also crucial. For instance, sentences split across lines without logical reason should be merged.\n\n## Step 5\nThe text contains sections that need to be formatted into Markdown. Headers, sub-headers, bold types, and tables need to be formatted accordingly. For example, main titles should be preceded by \"#\", sections by \"##\", and bold text should be surrounded by \"**\".\n\n## Step 6\nFile references should not have any spacing inside parentheses, e.g., \"XCR (85)72\" should be \"XCR(85)72\". Page numbering lines, if detected, should be kept as they are, usually six lines in total, three at the page beginning and three at the end.\n\n## Step 7\nNewspaper texts might not make sense due to OCR errors in recognizing columns. Reorganizing them like a puzzle might be necessary to restore the original meaning.\n\n## Step 8\nData in tables should be properly organized to reconstruct the table format.\n\n## Step 9\nSome Chinese writing might start from right to left, and if such reversal is observed, the text should be reversed to meet modern reading habits.\n\n## Step 10\nThe output should be in HTML using  for paragraphs and \n only if absolutely necessary.\n\nThe final answer is: \n\nAge\n\nherself and infant daughter, were\n\ncalamity Entirely\n\ncut off.\n\nThat the said \"Ticias smithers the month of January\n\nhundred and forty a proportion\n\nlowa\n\ndy creating\n\n\"\n\nby this\n\nfree\n\nof his to a\n\nprovision pond and the one mouth swore if such proportion been, paid fin cases.\n\nof his saying disabled (your) believes that her late husband would have been entitled to a pension during\n\nthe remainder of his life.\n\n\"That it has\n\nbeen\n\na\n\npetitione.\n\nto your Majesty's governmento always willing to take into consideration\n\nand render assistance to the survivors of\n\npersons killed in their device and a lit...\n\nwill be found on reference to the Police. Reports that such was the case in to the said Thomas smithers\n\nYour Petitioner therefore humbly\n\nprays that she\n\nVOL. I. No. 9.\n\nChina\n\nOverland\n\nHONGKONG, THURSDAY, 28\n\nDiplomatic Department.\n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION. His Excellency For Majesty's Plenipotentiary and Chief Superintendrut of Trade, de, &., is pleased to direct that the following Notification, issued by 1ler Britannic Majesty's Consul at Shanglane, be published for the general information of British subjects in China,\n\nBy Order,\n\nA. R. JOHNSTON,\n\nVictoria, Hongkong, 30th August, 1848.\n\nBRITISH CONSULATE ORPION, SHANGHAE,\n\n12th August, 1848.\n\nNOTIFICATION.\n\nA Boats\n\nBoots\n\nHis Excellency the Officiating Tapu-tai having communicated his intention of sending certain naval vessels, enumerated in the margin, to cruise about in the neighbourhood- hood of Gutzia Island in search of Pirates, and for the protection of the native shipping, it is hereby made known that the above specified fleet is duly commissioned by the Chinese Authorities for the service on which it is\n\n5 Sin all da. to. employed, and that each vessel carries a distinguishing Flag of White with\n\n4 Canton Lurokas. a Red border, and is provided with: a Written Authority of Commission.\n\nRUTHERFORD ALCOCK,\n\nConsul.\n\nTo the British Subjects within the Consular Jurisdiction of Shaughae.\n\nbe allowed\n\nDiplomatic Department.\n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\nmay some small pension\n\nhave some resistance rend to enable her to\n\nsupport\n\n4\n\nherself and daughter a present left intirely unprovided for.\n\nAnd your petition to\n\nEver pray te.\n\nIn the accompanying paper will be found of the death of the late Thomas Smithers.\n\nlue steered for.\n\nfoot a low water.\" \n\nMail.\n\nSEPTEMBER, 1848.\n\n64\n\nPRICE $4 PER ANNUM.\n\nand consult with \"turespon ordinary were givun to\n\nnow reaved in griply a petition, fwa Chu-kwa-yu sad the other Buty thongs, stating that they have maturely calmulated on the plan of raising a contibution; from Tire sawdx\n\njunk and me who hire\n\nKerred on the amounts to bu caminabeud with, of they prosout actalls, qui they rogues i orders tabagiven\n\ndhuli\n\n*ximating\n\nof Nether\n\nSix months ago (April 6) we noticed u enost ni reeing so many armed foreigners,\n\nsonrilat Dr Bettelheim, Hermiastonney, deserted their houses and made off towards subject, ad obedies or to our wounds we have had been murdered in Ben-choo in Sep- the hills, bus six or seven of theta were\n\nWe ther, considered overtaken and enrried to Nagpa, tomber proceding. the information as being too ragus to he Ita for tre Chinese authorities, who of mothers woning the freigla aipuris bott relied on; and are glad to learn that,course do not participate in the ignorance insight, from cutributions that they have ublicly after a voor's interval letters have been of the common people in confoundling all received from the reverend gentleman, foreigners together as fuglishren, to call for the contribution to air. Thi dated Napcking, Loo-choo, August 27, Père Danicourt to account for such tawar-\n\nen beide 0115 on\n\nkat the connu 1848. He says his puissionary Inbours antable proceelings, and to convince hier ersal re safe and stable is count; and the sail enchants, in Cam conling actively forward to make a are still regarded with jealousy'; but he that though the Edict of Toleration gives sacritice for the rafie gedara perked of meaty, an seems to be subjected to no pergcution.aim and others liberty to preach ad praeghy of conteonation and es.ec. Beside e cetition) w S this procla alase in the hurdlerances to his freedom of time their religion at any of the open puris, hagis e almu to the Futy Hings for their alar utation, giving dish or orders is the junk-and Jocomotion. His wife writes that the it lone not authorize them to make hostilemon. The 19th Any of the present tooth ed goromument has compelled the restoration invos, nor constitute them proctectors of as the dude fan which the cations for aid wid leg to be levied en exportacio of souther Goods of soms property which had been stolen natin converts in the interior, against the Let there be net die least opportun er trepediment from lain.\n\noperation of their own laws doctrine gre. A careat and special proclamacion. Obc which we have been not a little surprized to hear defended.\n\nWe are enabled to state the following ticulara respecting the affairs af D. Rustomjce & Co. of Cantou ;---\n\npar.\n\nM.\n\nplying\n\nORY FA ANCIENS TO DX DOSYAM TED.\n\nCn Chinaen Cottons, plau, 234 dj vá, and\n\nYes Clock,\n\nOf Paro Danicourt himself we have not\n\nCourse Grace Modlig\n\nJis (Cafe Cotto\n\nForeign Lung Colon,\n\nRay Coto, uoleened,\n\ninfertor Fort,\n\n| before heart; but judging from the present Meerwanjee Jeejeebhoy, a partner in case, we infer that the appropriateness of the hons, hearing in Bombay at the failure the title he bears rests upon his being,— of Dadabhoy Rustomjee, hastily started !for China to investigate the affaire of the firm, and to protect the interests of the creditors. Upon his arrival he found\n\nOf that stabburn craw\n\nOf errail knights, whom all men grant\n\nTo be the tenc Cinch Milltant; Such as do build their faith upon\n\nThe July text of pike and gsi ;\n\nAnd pave their doctrine orthodox\n\nBy apestolic blows and knocka,\n\nWe also extract from the Friend of\n\nI\n\n13ch cleaned,\n\noh gluing Boston,\n\n10.\n\nElo\n\nWhite Lead,\n\nColuared Paper\n\nFlowed and Note Paper,\n\nStuchsen, de 1,5, &areen du. ), Tellur\n\nTay Sugar, Potidean, White so\n\n11.\n\nDi\n\nSugar Candy\n\nሱ\n\nKwangbang, dan,\n\nGreat Glager,\n\nTony Chry Sucks,\n\nCents.\n\n\"1\"\n\nPicen 2\n\n· Dale\n\nWhico.\n\nPcular de\n\nFlowers and Flant Fellow (Sen bed) Tez,\n\nMetropolitan Gods.\n\nBlack Treppe\n\nBlack and Gruen, du..\n\nBarn Wood,\n\nBesides to abors, there are other misellaneous zuids\n\nun them may be infeed from claccounts in the bay\n\n-\n\nTAIFOONG.\n\nGREAT PESTROMSON OF LIFE AND PROVERTY\n\nOx Thursday night, (21st August,) this part of the coast of China was visited by a storm, of which a contemporary says, \"though much low has vçe currell, it did not in strength amount to a bi- foong\" hat witch, from the disastrous accounts arriving from all quartere, appears to us to have been one of us! severity.\n\nThe following Extract of a letter from Mr Vice-Consul Robertson to Rutherford matters in such a state as to induce him! Alcock, Esquire, British Consul at Shanghae, reporting the restoration of Land-marks mediately to call a reeting of the crodi to the anchorage of Woesung, which had been swept away during the late Typhoon, ore, to whom he explained how he was eir- and furnishing Directions for the guidanes of Ship Masters entering the Wersungsted and proposal to place biz affas Mu Consul Alcocl: has issued the follow- in the hands of Trustees. To this theying Notification respecting the duties pay- River, is published for genarni Information—\n\nagreed, but afterwards, finding every thing able on Sagar api other Chinese produce on which these Poles are erected being about 16 feet aoove the level of the river: There is an old declined to net, and one of the creditors, and the open ports of China.\n\nTwo doen Poles, in buight fit feet, the baskets on then 30 feet from the ground the Battery in great confusion, the gentlemen named shipped in British vessels from Hongkong TYte bet Ecu (2,\n\nThrer Toles in triangle, at low water mark fifty feet in height; a board painted red with a Byramjee Couverjes Bbuhs, ontneed white hall in the centre, ist lost squere, being fixed thereon, at 51 feef from the ground.\n\nThe directions for guter he Wosung Reserate as follows:-In sighting flue Line of Battery Moorwananjeebecently received letters Shangae's Flamation regarding ship-sokware, Hib year, 711, th, 7th: stay. (th\n\nan action before the Supreme Court. Mr China a tunelution of the Toutes of which can be all noted bui the and Joss Poles et Pennsben, a white-washed mark in the wall with single Pole and small board from his friends in Bombay, Sondering him men by Chinese on British bottonis, August, 184) wül be seen. Keep Paoushan Pageda (a small contend-shaped roof of a Temple, very low, and but little seen above the trees) to the right of lege marks, until the Board on the iriangir just created relatanecan certain torus, which warranted wherein the right claimed by Sir John in a line with and between the two Jiss Poles, which it will be, bearing S. 70 W, when they may luna iu proposing a settlement with bis Davis is recognized, which had been pre-\n\nereditors, by which it was contemplated to viously resisted by the local unthorities. In the event of i working breeze, the Board in line with the Northernst Joss Pule will pay up the whole debt within three years,\n\nCorrespondence with Kering in China Hell No pear the N. W. end of the host on the East side, and the hourd in line with the Southern Jusu Pole will clear the Eastern edge of the beak on the Weat side, of the Chennai, giving 13 and 16 tiine being allowed him to communicate, Septenter, 1847 and Proclamation of Tu\n\nthe Marino Magtérate of amoy, No 01, April 1. farther with his father, who he thought\n\nNOTIFICATION. would assist him; and by whom securities By Order,\n\nBelfie C, 1848. In Bonsbay would be found for the All-i\n\nSTANCE, 15/A Seploraber, 3 ment of his agreement. To this they with F. E. the Tocutae respecting the Duties to H. M. Consul having been a correspondence al needed, scop pho Parsue above are on Suge des Chinees produes mentioned, who would listen to nothing brought into port by British Ships, the con lon Rifles, 077,—Total 1428: (fe0ficers but obtained a decree in his favour. On Celominee dat Sugar arriving from Amay or being 82 Native Officers 10; Non-coa-bia one of the other creditors Mirow Mrter of the onstar Pets, with Certificate of missioned Officers, Drummers, and Buglera Meerwanice into the Insolvent Debtor's Day prid, shall be exempt from furder payment Priann, when he petitioned the Judge, from Hongkong or any Foreign Part, or from\n\nof Baty of suel, produce, and that Sugar bianght 201.) \n\nby whom a special court was held on the way Consular Pert in Cina, wins Certificate ul 18th instant, when Meerwanjee waa al-Duty, shell in that case pay the Duty fixed in the tilt hall-past 2, when the hardcage was at its losed to like his petition, and afterwards Tariff, namely, a per sent ad velurem, as an height-e barneler being so los as £8.99. \n\nun+h/1;tte'li[ a tieje the Imports. released on the security of Mr Joseph Jar-\n\nFortunately the China houts for the alarm carly, Noties is hereby given, therefore, to consignees and made for the sheltered erucks on the Coulom dine and Mr Crawford Kerr. The aire\n\nside; but even there they seem to have suffered and others who may have given guarantees for the are Dow placed inthe hands of Mr Cey payment of Day on the Sugar recently brought | avverely, as a anumber of sell qud cargo boats were 04cial Administrator of Insolvent Estates. inte Port, that the said Duty of 6 per cent is pay-driven on shore, and many of their consiliorked. able through the New Custom-leuse, and it is A few large juuks and a loveli vemomed at anchor gested that the open accounts of the several off the Lower Bazaar, all of which were destroyer sips may be sivsed.\n\nduring the night. Of her which came ou share opposite Urcitar liblings about midnight, the extway with the exception of three un furry men, were lande:l in safty.\n\nVictoria, Hongkong, 27th September. 1348.\n\nOverlang China Mail.\n\nHONGKONG, THURSDAY, 9870 SEPTEN\n\nMIRTIE-A! Vistoria, Hongkong on the pich foste the wife of She Rev. Mr Jesrixe, of a Bon.\n\nBIRTH-AL West Point, Viotoria, on the 12th inst Mrs Ecart, of a Daughter,\n\nBIRTH-AC Yame, on the 31st uldme, the wife of D. J. MARCOWAN, H. D., of a Daughter\n\nMARRIAGE. On the 8th of June, at St Mary's, Bay- ensione atuare, London, by the Rev. J. I. Únores. Recto, Major Sampra Rarvogn, of the 31 ara Artery, to CA, third Daughter of Joseph Hee, Esq., X.P.\n\nHEATH-AWiraganatum, ou the 27th Jylg, Quarter Master Bergeat Tin Cankar, of the 26 Kogistens, KINK.\n\nPRATER-Drowned off the Typs near Macao, in fuc taitoony of the 1st utino, Mr J&S MACHTAGAY, Jate et Victoria; and Mr EDWARD 12s, formerly 1 mote of the Robroner Exload, Queens,\n\nDEATH-Drowned at the spa, near Macao, in the taimung of the 3:81 ultimo, Capron Pass of the Dti-\n\nBurp C DEATH-Drewood at Campstogusnor, in the taalborg of the 31s ulim, Captait, HATE and the Chief Sinto of the eiving Hip frabel linens,\n\nTEAT IM Browned, with his only fun, at Clean\n\nehow Bay, to the womward of langkong, 10 the tattoora of the 21st uitime, Mr Tumas Sms, Inspeter of The Hongkong Puiloc.\n\nLIK, lure of the P. & D. 8. N. Cu's Foestring Ship Fort BEATHA Sugaros, on the 34 lost, Cagl. Thas\n\nDEATH-AL Shangliae, on the til, fuslant. Mr i\n\nAt b\n\nt Daughter of the Way. Ur Legge.\n\non the 19th, inst, Ligatellani\n\nF. Beques, of H. M. Stramuralesa.\n\nArt:lery.\n\nA. R. JOHNSTON.\n\nPer\n\nVIDEO\n\nSepz.: Sept | Sent t\n\nPre\n\n& 10 8\n\n40\n\nX\n\nSappers and Minora. with erent......\n\n13 110 170 112 100 27:36 81: 1.0 Ceylon Rides,..... 101 3083 20 00 70 551\n\nH\n\n| 294 300 203 | 102: 180 181\n\nI want, the late Dieutenant-Governor of 1.wangtung, has been saannaed to Court, ostensibly to receive office, but in reality. it is armise, to give his opinion of the Present state of foreign affaiss. The sub stance of the recent news from Entopo has been forwarded to the Emperer, and the\n\nevents are yo extraordinary, that even the\n\nRUTHERFORD ALCOCK,\n\nL'onsul.\n\naddition to the instances formerly given of outrages committed by the crews of co- Yeys on the cost the following parti- culars lure reached ns:--\n\nOn the afternoon of the 20th of Augustin, eling that Chinses bicely who ship\n\nan affray took plaen at Ningpo between some Purtagnese sailors and the Chinese, in which two of the latter were killed and\n\nAs all for\n\nothers severely wounded.\n\n(From the Friend of Chlua, September 10.)\n\nPara eodle chuti pus Patice weuring to the Course Fury for Foreign Nationa\n\nWoo, Offolatione Taoutro of Shanghan, ke.. ka, hereby issues İne commands, Ús tho 17th bustani, 1 received\n\nIn Bosnkosa, enely in the furencoon the fall in the aromate attractul atientin, and the Aa- sistant Harbourmaster went wound the shipping, warmed there of what might be expecte.l.\n\nBut little fate spents to have been entertained till the approach of uning, when the sign The Barometer indicates bad weathes\" was seen tying at the Ang-staff in wont at Yalder's bill.\n\nFronts Ge the wind gradually oversed,\n\nIn the morning the Colony exhibited a mest melaretely appearance. In the harbour several vessels disanostel, others on shore, and the whole beach strewed with the wrrels of t hänesu juoking in the hs of which dead bodies were occasi ally seen Boating; while on store, every house\n\ndespatch from the Provincial Govoruer un rich\n\npay Duties so the New Custom-house, and the Chinasa at the Kiang-hae (Out) Cust-19: grofere I now hotels as flows find that the foreign expred to the stin suffered more me less,tiles\n\nsive distinct and intelligible polers, and on the receipt\n\n\"Foreign in\n\ntorn from the roots walla ievelled verandaha blown to pieces--21:1 wherever a gazolen plot fer-\n\nas been reused to inquire farther into their by the inhabitats, the friends of the de- customary apathy of las Celestial Majesty igners are there looked upon as English nature, of which no Chinese is better in-cased crowded round the British Consulated this dismic jou wil bsan a Fencianuncios in le- merly existed, the pla da napi bults were either DEATH-A Viatorin, or the auth Inst., ASHE MURRAY formed than Hwang. It's ideas on the to end the Comente assistance in appre disa that hernatter whru either broken sort off, ur fave up by the rocks\n\nhanés import Suwar or other! resocha i R hanghao, auca vels aro\n\nThe smesed table, shewing the state of the subcut may not be very comprehensive bending the wurderers; but though this\n\nBarometer declagg a night, bes been in the catiulation of European politicians, request was backed by the authoritics, and always to be regarded as determining the butted to be\n\nby the mastors of other Lorebas (ton erecced to a New Clest in-hou\n\ndnud if goods are imported by a really lovelen furnished by the Harbour-mator -- but key are certain to be marked by\n\nBer. Tras. the New Tartif thever Chinese pod shou Pasaksuvas por ACHILLES, 1 ] tamerrow, the prudence and good senac, ou gready in twelve in emberi then in the river. Manchorage, sad my Ducs der specias partest\n\nSullivan very properly declined to intor dare to pycało, with the prospect of escaping the heavy, 29 Justanter Kentang Dapsain. Beste advance of other imperial councillors.\n\nand availing of the light Duty, then the gonds will be Iwan was Keving's most trusted na fere in the marier fartier tlun by advising! goufianater to Beverinent, aut fi re benefit of at Sept,\n\nthat the neensed should be handed over to | Lie Customos rechte,\n\nbe pus coring that in ball b viser, es on after he was deprived of office the District Magistrate, who, after exauti exnutter thesoby You will at the sate line whic 20 and the Imperial Commissioner neveration, might send them to Mateo for alt i lini Ceiling sinis, Frouded, Defiled gaged in foreign adThis withent comentting\n\nFor SMarsden, Han Alures. For vez. Mesurs 1 . 51005, and in Per Singapore, Mess C. Plac, 3acker trou, au Chinese,\n\nWe are luppy to be enabled to report a\n\nfalse rutes, ad that a punishment\n\ngreat improvement in the health of the him. The office is now entrusted to a main by their own authorities; and this advice insearing (1) the Engli\n\nof auch inferior qualifications, that Keying acted on\n\nprobly see the necessity of having wang's counsel and cooperation iu raio- once to opening the City of Canton April next.\n\nwith.\" On recript of the the\n\n1 Conanl to request his Doperation, now alno, na izolaca\n\nclosely and Intolligibly, addruseling this Proois- The other caso, in which Père F. X. Ta-ation to the Chinese ineteats and to the Duly fengy nicourt, the Apustulie Missionary of Ning-fer of it for a fer the due to simp\n\npondnet your royarske,\n\ne perangaurdă contevin vit, giving pe, figured us principal, took place on the cause of or youtuston; and should Chinese 13th of Auguet, chout forty miles from Eing the protune of the tuner and put intock\n\nMercitants in Foreign vesels to carry Rugated bae, the capital of Chusan. It appears Shangliae, ar shoud Chincs pensle import any sort of that some native Roman Catholic eonverts\n\ntroops during the present mouth. In Juue, le douths were 10. in July 37, in August 16, white in September they have fallen 14, the number of sick in Hospital being 57. Since August the whole of the\n\nRegiment has been quarter on Sou, the new Governor General, who baril ships in the harbour, with the bap-now holds the appointment for the who had an interest in one of the temples,\n\nnagement of Barbarian Affairs, lately ro-\n\nmile whatever in Fercigu val. In alch Duy will be levied according to the Fow Tarif. Tling whc. destinately digobay, will gave their goods gondsgated\n\nand\n\nseld for sig benent of the Craton TOWELS\n\nali ovoru:dy obcy this, Cherish a hopes of\n\nevash, and\n\nnd thereby involve yourselves hi a ligny vei\n\nTucukwany, 28th year, 7th mouth, 24tle dag,\n\nCarefrak ngainst Ptrates. Wow, Oficiating Tanning of Shongban, &o., &c., heto by kee a procianin\n\n1sthet romanda The\n\nChee-hich of this face having represented to in that\n\nidly\n\n31st Auz. 10\n\n..\n\n3. NE\n\nheavy pas\n\n11\n\n90.24 N.IS.\n\nJ\n\n+3\n\nugly weader\n\n1\n\n1. 20 in M.K\n\nW****. \n\nA M $3.5M\n\nInscriure\n\n9.\n\n\"\n\nH. by X\n\n-\n\n2.45\n\n2\n\n$12\n\n13\n\n21\n\n::\n\n|\n\nн\n\n4\n\n. \n\n29ki\n\nJE.\n\nJa\n\n5\n\n11\n\n59 15\n\nBy Soperaterra's.\n\n5,3). 24.37\n\n8 May\n\n20.45\n\nور\n\nE by N.\n\nጉ\n\nF. Nahig, heavy p008\n\nkarang graffiat Times wavy pu\n\nSWly der:n\n\nThe following is an enumeration of the disaster which bufet dis Shipping, so far no we have been able to asuintain themi\n\nThe Beberg dyrk. W shirat Cizruin Floodinga; halla since been got off well legtle damage, ex- cupt the lowa offre and gratuara\n\nTho American brig Charles ilirpants, 5, eamq'ato wreek at die Boa Bay! Sturent stuce andò iz pullar angʻim.\n\nThe Metal banque tingui Sarant, en cone sul Green Lane, Sligh: hopes tersall entertained of wring the samel. The British iron bangue Jean kan, anded foul of the Eliza Ferunt, and trus baiyaenoda real folosites.\n\nThe British skip Milan Mont. Load with Sugar Live Shanglore, word avente in the pst in sety; hd the Join Laiva sivil) at down upon her, and seller against the De Heranecone, by which śe was nu merupin injurce dead sile has had to alerte her entge\n\nMurchants Wand-ying-sking and others, in which they The Spanish his Do (ferencias, Ici uusin tujuan, how statest stywe care for more receivals, ad fee-copatust\n\nnedors\n\nof the junk Thatch ship Kin form, wrecked on que our end of\n\nthe expenses of car ride to assist le defraying\n\ntato Ave ser afsendt tuse, the date the istuin, elvas to the village et Makers, this trees of her\n\npectively by the tire mondi Pun, Lah, Sony, Hon, Taj, i grew seven-\n\nPat efforts. Great part of the convit\n\nents are now fit for duty. Of the 14 oled anal officer at 1leang-shan were desirous of turning it into a Catholic teks during the month two only have for promotion, but his request, en account Clupei, in opposition to the majority of\n\nalty Aurmont and special Protiaanation. whom it belengel. From cd within the last ten days.\n\nthe pervous to of informality, has been refused; a reelt The Ceylon Rides, upon whom the or- quite unexpected, and which has engaged which the converts had the worst, and\n\naged words the disputants come to blows, in August, 1946)° dary duties of the garrison have devotee, the attention of the Board of War. The\n\ntine in the enjoyment of comparative people under his jurisdiction paise him beaten, were handed over to the Mag- ¡ two of their number, after being severely Lealth, and at present there are fewer for at being greedy of money. Ile\n\nhospital thun at any former elf lind frequently expressed his total, tate of Tugine. As you us M. Tanie het received a petition from the junk owners and Jeriod, except for a short time last year. indifference rospecting the homeurs con-\n\ncourt received the news of their imprison A furtight ago, however, two deaths oe-\n\nferred upon bis, and be readiness en, he went to the Tautas at Ningpo: urs in one night, but bett: men were surrender rice ali, in order to tool to ad insisted on their Fouration, tral Uist\n\nopium &makers.\n\nretired an quiet life. His administration their presents should be apprehended and gene diet, eruits, dog, Froth.) each The Bid bazgau Sutopiru, diffte aut lieyond Siren kiloving\n\nTable shows he on- has hitherto been marked by great sev parished. His denundet being attend to combura arcarding to is classifeasam But Isnel totally dissisted: as aface bean towed sate tike pr parative sekuese since our last report city in the dispensation of justice, dea No. 21, and with about thinly valun- cine vercle, with the cost of yoviding their asian\n\nbar Us Chinos Ja sata. to, M. Danicourt hired Portuguese Lorinchetiver the mintributions are or whited to mount, it le proper to stare that as Daugh vouring to overwe evinloers by cniet toere bem the ether borclus in purt, meal. the expensou will be for Geneight, the Frimurtes only were formerly patience. include in the Present Force, or fe not seem to be on the decrease.\n\nNevertheless crio does\n\nsailed to Chusan. The natives, fight tratton. f ten safe and convenient mouthor junks are Akolected and delivered over for the use of the marine, make of curpurison the same plot 18 now\n\nThe intest way that of a perlipin, the expense of wages and provisons will not be seal, ber. The forces however are thus of the heavy rains in the north, continue to!\n\nwho arrived at Man the very day to\n\nof lates that claso delimate to chalibuting received unerated, their actual numbers, officera arrive. Several rivers are said to have He was long with a portion of crew, dlately\n\ndoinge sppeared, (China Mail, sgten.ber 7, No. 186) | will not be adequate to die expenditure. At the present\n\neisergency, we four thạt say 10ßently in supplying as kolen 150 eurṛrity : but from what we can learn, unless alance w! Ingade te pomelims for the sapirs of Kufen the ty\n\nby car auprovets, he may escape conv be plenter, and enfure we have deviscal and agrad to the sui hentay in gruring the cast how a stridatin she be sessed on to, Chizone much evidence as will easily & European Cart Catton Coll, and offer guns exported from. His perti\n\nJunio\n\nand we request that the Duty Hong, brorizma to winter\n\nAccounts of the disnetrons evasequences.\n\nsac, the 234 instant, Feing.---Ar- inmulated whele districts, and the nast tillery, 80: Sappers and Minere, 38; Gan! terrible mvague of the flag-lo are ap- Laucars, 89; 9th Regiacot, 361; Cey- prehended, if the mains continue.\n\nThus, illamgh many jaks large and shall have writed\n\nAll if we reckon up the hire of the Braves and of tho\n\nfound to be shormona; and acadh. net war fanks genpot de buikt all at once by gen-\n\nTie eeliezmer San P. Novhy, was totally disa\n\nmarted off by Wes Naval Smores\n\nThe British mohon er zekana Queen's thouula were cat “wazy to use her fin gudng on there\n\nThe Thite trz niel Watson, diffted to the momptly vid The Carposing panjati panduk, kad kasinoeste\n\nสปาไ\n\nThe 13 arque Coulatque gave bich, with, a oaider be pardon of wet cargo dannĝed: 2000 packages of Jes are to do anus by snelion\n\nThe Hemen Alvis: Julimar, ned back from see, having Insi\n\nrudder hats, sprang head of matman, and last for ada\n\nThe Spanish; brigantine Carmen abo pau kuch, in a leaky state, having lost a",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-031 - Public Offices - 1849.txt",
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    {
        "id": 229895,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-032 - Sir Bonham - 1850 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 97,
        "title": "CO129-032 - Sir Bonham - 1850 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "restitution to this Council of the head and hand \n\nof the deceased Governor._ \n\nof \n\n13.- Despatch from this council designating the place \n\nFebruary \n\nwhere the delivery should take place .- 14- Despatch from the Viceroy requesting that a day should be appointed for the delivery of the remains- 15. Despatch from this Council \n\nreplying to the Despatches above mentioned from the Viceroy, and protesting against him for improper \n\nconveyed to - Anens. - \n\nthe \n\nmanner in which the remains were \n\nGod preserve Your Excellency - \n\nMarch 16th February, 1850- \n\n(Signed) G. G. Bonaventure, Bishop of Macao - \n\nJoaquim Antonio de Moraes Carneiro- \n\n# \n\n#1 \n\n# \n\nJono Tavares de Almeida- -Miquel Pereira Simoens – \n\nJozé Francisco d'Oliveira - Romao Jose de Freitas._ \n\nTrue Translation \n\n(Signed) Lil' Murada efectro- \n\n(Davo Copy) Mano Colonial Secretary. \n\nDespatch from Seu to the Council of Government of Macao. \n\nSeu, Governor General of Kwang-tung and Kwang-si, &c. In order to satisfy the question relative to the murder of Governor Amaral, I proceed to state as follows: Sen-chi-leong, the real assassin, having been first apprehended, he \n\nwas examined and executed. Afterwards his accomplices Ko Ahon and Li-Apau were detected, the latter of whom was killed when about to be seized, and Ko-Ahon also was captured, and made a confession, a copy of which was enclosed \n\nin a despatch to the Noble Council, as is on record. Inquiries were in the meantime going after two individuals, surnamed respectively Chou and Chan, who had escaped; and the mandarin of Kwang-chou has now reported to me that repeated and strict searches were made to discover the said criminals, but as it was thought probable that they might have taken refuge with the Pirates and joined them, a description of these men was ordered to be drawn up, in order that when the Pirates should be apprehended it might serve to identify them. The mandarin lately brought from Kwei shan-hien one Chang-Asin, alias Chou-Asin, who conjointly with Chou-Ayau and Chen-Afat had gone to join the Pirates. As there were reasons to suspect his complicity, he was repeatedly interrogated, and he deposed that he knew Chou-Ayau and Chen-Afat, who as well as himself had been workmen at Macao; that one Sen-chi-leong, known \n\nto him, having determined to assassinate Amaral, to revenge himself, had bribed Ko-shon and Li-Apau to assist him in his design, and had arranged with them, in concert with Chou-Ayau and Chen-Afat, that they should prevent persons from approaching. All agreed to go together. \n\nHearing the strict search that was making for them, they fled to Hiang-kang, a seaport, when they joined the Pirates. Having afterwards fallen in with the English, the said Chou-Ayau and Chen-A fat were killed in action, and \n\nhe the deponent was apprehended by the soldiers of the government (Chinese) and sent to Canton. \n\nThis deposition then, having been compared with those of Shen-chi-leong and Ko-Ahon, they were found to agree, and the two men who ran away are thus clearly identified as accomplices. \n\nWith regard to the said criminal, who confessed to having committed piracies, which is in itself a crime punishable capitally, as was an accomplice of the other delinquents \n\nin preventing people from approaching at the time of the murder, his guilt is still graver. Therefore, besides directions being given for the reiteration of the examinations, in order that his trial might take place, the deposition of the said criminal was transmitted for my information. \n\nFrom this it appears that the principal accomplices in the crime being six, of whom one was drowned, two were killed \n\nby the English soldiers, and the remaining three apprehended; all therefore are discovered. Chou-Asin has already been committed for trial, that he may afterwards be rigorously punished. \n\nAll this I make known to the Noble Council, sending at \n\nthe same time, a copy of the confession of Chou-Asin. \n\nTaukwang, 29th year, 11th moon, 6th day, (19th December, 1849, ) \n\nConfession of Chang-Asin, alias Chou-Asin, \n\nI lived at Macao jointly with Chou-Ayau and Chen-Afat, where we earned our livelihood by acting as workmen. An acquaintance of ours named Sen-chi-leong, on account of \n\nthe Portuguese Governor Amaral having made roads without the Campo gates, by which work the graves of his ancestors were destroyed, was so enraged thereat that he determined to murder Amaral, in order to satisfy his revenge. For the purpose of assisting him in his design, he bribed Ko-Ahon and Li-Apau, and charged me, together with Chou-Ayau and Chen-A fat, to act as guards on the occasion, so as to prevent people from approaching. All of us agreed to this, and on the 5th day of the 7th moon Sen-chi-leong having heard that Amaral would go out for recreation, he proceeded with us to waylay him. Towards evening, when it was twilight Sen-chi-leong seeing Amaral approach on horseback, went up to him under the pretence that he had a petition to hand him, and said that he had a complaint to prefer; and whilst Amaral was stretching out his hand to receive the paper, Sen-chi-leong drew a sharp knife he had concealed in the handle of his umbrella and commenced stabbing him \n\nin the arm and shoulder, until he fell from his horse, when he immediately cut off his head and hand, and we ran away, each his own way. Chou-Ayan, Chen-Afat, and myself, having afterwards heard that strict search was being made for us, we fled to Hiang-kang, a seaport, from whence we went over to the pirates, whilst with whom Chou-Ayan and Chen-Afat were killed in engagements we had with the English soldiers, and I was afterwards seized by the soldiers of Government and taken to Canton. I pray therefore for \n\nmercy, \n\n94",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-032 - Sir Bonham - 1850 [1-4].txt",
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    {
        "id": 244348,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "page_number": 89,
        "title": "CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "content_text": "## NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. NOTICE, \n\n**Mr. GEORGE STRACHAN, ARCHITECT and SURVEYOR,** \n\n地出屋式 \n\nGage Street, Victoria, 1st May, 1858. \n\n月戊問士治額如地士未十午便荡街請貴八年可即到燉三行結光\n\n**JUST LANDED AND FOR SALE.** \n\n| Item | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 12 | Patent WATER CLOSETS |\n| - | Also, Patent Electro-Plated Nickel Silver FORKS, and SPOONS. |\n\nThe Hongkong Register. (No. 18-May 4, 1858)\n\ndon't hamper selves with many goods for we fear he wanting. A small county town acquitted by the committee appointed to investigate...\n\nThe Hongkong Register. (No. 18.-MAY 4, 1858)\n\nthey give is.\" Be prepared for an outbreak in the successful carrying out the scheme will seem to be on the point of being frustrated. Mr. Bott has been using thin verdict will be flat Mr. Butt Tips, in the of Sitara and Coora Ameer of Scinde, and a King of load contemporary was taken to task by one of large stockholders on Hon... and comfortably quartered, the present. Few people believe the rumors of home has its hospital and its charities of ever great conduct, and we hope Dr. Bridges will... with the privileges of the foe of us, were that if he were to do a Court of Appeal from Hwang's aerial cognizance. He is supposed to heart; each party vies with its neighbor to advance also be acquitted were a committee appointed to investigate his connection as standing...\n\nvery near, and it seems even against Chinese common sense, that a person specially deputed is an event of the greatest importance; there are fairs to raise the small fund required, in which every one, gentle and simple, for miles around are interested. Here, where many cur...\n\na few days, we are sorry to say there is not a hospital.\n\ncurrent for the Opium monopolist. There, unfortunately for Dr. Bridges, there is no committee appointed, and so the clamor goes on unrefuted and slander of this kind never dies. We fortunate...\n\nto settle the affairs of foreigners, the news of the fall of Canton being now by those who accredited him, should not on learning the absence of the plenipotentiaries at the math, which news of money for a good purpose could be raised immediately are not the guardians of Dr. Bridges's good name must have reached him from Shanghae-in such a case, he would stride into Canton in all pomp and openness who would feel the least interest in the subject black as his gown for anything we or the public may be, and as simple barrister his name may be, and say Here I am, ready to arrange matters, after he had paid his subscription. We trust...\n\nwhere are your plenipotentiaries? A diplomatic may not continue, but that some of our principle the British Government representing British catch like that would not be...\n\nmissed by a Chinese man will try and do something, by giving both justice to the Chinese, we could less to a more diplomatist. A ranguotic telegraph is being laid their time and money to help forward to perfection tender care of it. He stands in the position down from the Magazine Hill to the Allied Wharf, so good a work as the establishment of a general of Caser's wife, he should not only be-not guilty. If he should not even be suspected. We publish the following minutes of a meeting are happy to believe, but that he is suspected we that Dr. Bridges bite Mr. Butt is not guilty we held on Thursday 29th ultimo for the purpose of establishing a General Hospital.\" We are impressed on the Chinese mind, and we more urgent business. Having inspected the opium monopolist were invited to attend, but were prevented by understand openly stated by Chun-tai-kwong, the buildings which it is intended to appropriate to clever men, all powerful with the governor or the government; that he can take, unmake, or \"That Dr. Bridges is a very adapted for the purpose. Of the skill of the superintending Physicist, Dr. Kenny, we need not and propitiated. All this may be true. say nothing as it would be presumption in us no and the Acting Colonial Secretary may still be a medical men to comment on the abilities of worthy, honest, hard-working government servant, gentleman so well and known esteemed. If the establishment of a general civil hospital alluded to in a previous article does not come to pass, the press...\n\nHongkong, 1st May, 1858.\n\nTHOS. HUNT & Co.\n\nFOR SALE\n\nRHOD...\n\nULES FOR STANSBURY'S MEASURING\n\nPRICE-25 Cents each, on Pasteboard,\n\nApply to\n\nMr. M. Hoza,\n\nat the \"Hongkong Register\" Office.\n\nthe late mailings out intelligence of the appointment of Dr. Harland as Colonial Surgeon, and as the salary is stated to be £800 per annum,\n\nwe for Dr. Harlan! will be prohibited from undertaking private practice. If we are right in this supposition the government have got a good man cheaply, and the community lost a very able professional attendant.\n\nThe duties of the office have latterly become very heavy, and are likely to become still more so, and it is much to be doubted that one person can discharge them satisfactorily, even devoting his whole time to the work. We learn further, the instructions have been sent out that a new civil hospital is to be built and that nothing more is to be done in the affair of the Bowring Praya.\n\nHongkong, 4th May, 1858.\n\nSTOLEN.\n\nGOLD LEVER WATCH, with enamelled dial,\n\nand GOLD CHAIN-Maker's Name, Bund and Laut, 41 Cornhill. Number of Watch. The Watch, with a lanyard and set of Studs were, at is supposed, attracted from the case between this and Canton about January. A handsome Reward will be paid for the recovery of the same.\n\nHongkong, 3d May, 1858.\n\nApply at this Office,\n\nThe Hongkong Register,\n\nHONGKONG, TUESDAY, 4TH MAY, 1858.\n\nParties sending Advertisements to the \"Hongkong Register\" or \"Register's Advertise,\" phrase address to the \"Printer and Publisher of the respective Papers, which will secure early attention to their Communications.\n\nsent Galertising has our best wishes:—Fr. Angelo Fr. Reina, and Fr. Long Mesore Kup Present—Revds. Fr. Jerome Mangier, Fr. MacMahon Block, Kenes, Hassoon, Isam. Werden, F. Sustaining...\n\nthat some means will be adopted for the purpose If a new civil hospital is to be erected we hope of incorporating the seamen's hospital with it. The resident surgeon of the seamen's hospital at the following showing the details of the loss that a barrister should get what he asks; he is The meeting was opened by the Revd. Fr. Jerome certainly cannot look upon it as an improper thing might become the resident surgeon of the civil hospital, and this would relieve the Colonial Surgeon from a heavy duty, while it enabled him to...\n\nGENTLEMEN—I am extremely happy to see you all at this meeting for discussing the expediency, and the means between the seller and buyer, the attorney and client. I am convinced that cure, ponder of the hospitals, or two private hospitals have been called upon to remark on this subject, the effect will be derived from the amalgamation of all the civil...\n\nview and to which, I am couleur you will general and client. The only ground on which we feel that owing to the departure of the medical bent, and plentifully alone, have actuated you in business may who opened them, but it was well known they wish I was able to express any gratitude in language equivalent to my sincere interest for this our of your kind coming this night my welcome guest and I sincerely it has on the Chinese. We pointed out the dianess which will not be un great, I hope, by the weight fl Colonial Secretary, and were we have the evil and civil hospitals. We fear the want of efficiency, to give a no harsher name, still continues. It is so did of your valuable advice and suggestions I should not call for any primary assistance...\n\nrealized. Dr. Bridges is in the Chinese eyes a man 41 years, Master of the receiving ship Mahamoudie and for many years in the employ of Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Co.\n\nOne complaint is, and in the first place I beg leave to submit a few of my that when the monopolist engages his services as that the site is an unhealthy one that point own propositions to your consideration.\n\nF. DE SENSA Jr.\n\nDEATHS.\n\nAt Macao, on the 7th April, the Wife of Mr. Joaquin...\n\nAt Macau, on the 1st May, Mr. Isnacracto D. VIRKIRA KIBKRO.\n\nAt Victoria, Hongkong, on the 1st May, Mr. I. P. COLL...\n\nTO THE BRITISH COMMUNITY AT HONGKONG\n\nThe undersigned begs to inform the community that the Office of the British Consulate, this day has been transferred from WANPAO to HOKAN.\n\nCHAе. A. WINCHESTER, H.B.M.'s Acting Consul\n\nBritish Consulate for Canton,\n\nAnnexe of Houa, 29th April, 1858.\n\na ground floor in any situation is not well adapted for the purpose of a hospital--still less when high a land is...\n\nIt is intention to establish a General Hospital, in unsel that there is, there can be, no back-stairs of corruption to resort to how; perhaps he may expect this: Gardens and S. Francis Hospital and which show however, the monopolist finds himself compelled my father intention to have it well furnished with all it in surrounded by growing trees, and is alut in necessary materials for a proper Hospital, and to be on all sides by hills except where it faces the provided with experienced Doctors: will us in art, but is informed that...\n\ncounsel to attend for him before the Magistrate's harbor. Be this true or false, there is another change which is a tangible one, and the one on which we base our most complaints. The charge is. changed by a sufficient staff of Hospital servants to attend to the patients.\n\nThe gentlemen I intend to appoint are Dr. Vande... and Dr. Kenny the former Gentlemen lately arrived in this Colony, is a bachelor of questionable own count. creasing their diseases or acquiring new ones. fool the set of several languages which Mandarin Bridges; and with great dignity oỀ references oedh as to professional accomplishments, and enough to English people, but to the Chinese the All this is staple and straightforward We have personal experience of this being true at a fluently, and which will be exceedingly useful in least in our instance and a respectable merchant and ship owner made the same complaints to us sometime ago with a request that we would The latter Gentleman, whose abilities she too well three characters—first, as one of the law-makers, commission where he may meet with patients of all place great power is associated. chant and ship owner made the same complaints to Dolor expose it. Thinking it improbable that either known and ustalised, to any better certium, then, as one of the granters, and finally, as tue That is the so in the present case when we have one man in the trustees or the resident surgeon would sane- apply to them as the hurt and most effective...\n\nFellow of the naval College of Surgeons of England-41 tion such a thing we recommended the party to\" and is proposed to be consulting Doctor to the legal adviser and supporter of the monopolist in course to adopt to put a termination to a rival propositions, I think it well to apprise you of a few...\n\nhis monopoly we see however by report of a meeting held will fin exercises there without distinction of creed on view of their extent. te great sunl, certain- Mr. Isang Batt is, we understand, a very...\n\nA manual number of Inquests have been during the past few days held before the Coroner—one of them however of particular interest: A Chinese was killed by the falling in during the heavy rain of the 20 of an out-building in the course of erection on a Marine lot. 4 Swede was drowned in the harbor while bathing on Sunday the 25th alto. A man, discharged from...\n\nIt is evident that whether this proceeds from patients noting in a way so prejudicial to their carelessness or health, it should be stopped, whether...\n\nRunt of means to prevent the trustees of the seamen's hospital close to carry out or amalgamate it with the civil hospital.\n\nthe appropriate in relieving Papers, who will be received into the Hospital at once; and in the case of time to try point is, that he appears as the paid advocate, at truly desite will also be admitted. stion. In the Civil Hospital a Chinese died from he hoped a properly constructed hospital will be of the airs as the lipizi; to supply this defect, ara perhaps a little stronger in his case.\n\nThe list is no doubt their best course, for it is to that being missionary, I cannot by any means devote ages in the cause. This is the case as nearly as Lufe teal it incurent upon me to remark herehe the same time he holds the position of one of the effects of a gun shot wound received when escaperected on an eligible site in a central spot, of Grand Prus sery kindly tendered his duable aerof Coranous not doubting the honor of its ing from the Western Coal sheds, he having been which there are many that it will be well! vises and M. Braga, roster of the Medal members is yet so jealous of its privileges that it myself entirely the management and perintended. we can understand it of Dr. Bridges, if it be not there committing robbery. A verdier of wilful secured and watched, so that no such abuses can murder has been taught against some parties win!\n\nThe House made a particular attack on a conveying fel...\n\nHail,) deo will take an interest in it. to this market. Iu dar obituary there is the two hospitals would also enable the directors to means as way enable me to cry on these desigua...\n\nThe combination of the means of the to your very own hands to save and suggest such a imputation, and in this the curatituencies In couches, Gentlemen, I consign das proposals will not enfer a member to underlie the shade of...\n\nmamme of Cayman Cole of the Courser, lately wrecked on the Pratas.\n\nWe may have point out two of face—Ã mom- carry out one or two very necessary improvements. fortable set of sick rooms available for the young men of the colony, whether belonging to govern...\n\nwhich it has \n\nHuid Prẻ be the derrotary, \n\nTas news from Canton both public and private are of the most conflicting nature. One be treated for serious diseases with more care and attention than they can obtain in their wet houses set up at Fur Shan, and that it is assembling in the houses of their employers, where their press might be dangerous in cases of infectious another equally positive says No such a thing diseases to the atlier intrares-A portion of the near Fat Shan and The spital to be act mort for the treatment Foldiers place is perfectly quiet. There me the Sade Famous sad counter rumors on the subject of aner only of a temporary character. The fantalony he unlie? pan to atroci the patients.\n\nof the insane, whether the disease be permanent urine of laces of the amal strength (40,000 to 50,000). On this point we see mu besimation...\n\nthere are \n\n3. Kenny proposed Mr Grand the store, Hore we have the close corporation--the are at the details of the object for the formation of as to it or its members underlying grave charge. That a Committee be selected from this meeting to Legislative Council, showing to great impatience ment or the mercantile class, in which they might, that Mosses in Black, it is population. Eat beand this is a popular Reed. Macinon ha aproated a Comunitar, Pr...\n\nalz. Grand Pré proposed and it was unanimously carried that they are perhaps joined by the respectable almost probably they do not believe the large and fucome to be President and Fr. de la Croix added this Mition British and Foreign, and native above all, \n\nPison of the Hospit Mr. Gal P proposed, and it was carried that the Rev. Fr. Jerome, lesit e Founder new is a \n\nwas unanimously wine exactly to think, and as every thing un- secuted, that the Sisters of Charity in the the very worst.\n\nRev. Fr. McMahon proposed Mr. Grand Pré perhaps prepared to tanke up their and to think supposed to be worse than it really is, \n\nposition was also monin shy carried, \n\nW sak, in conclusion, er general readers Proposed by Fr. Jerome and Seeded by air. Sade peruse with care the accompanying article Privalaute or thanks he given to the Gentlemen from the Daily News on Mr. Butt's care. We nek win sa kindly accepted to set at.\n\nProposed by Mr. Kup and seled by Mfr. A. rent whether or not it would not more.\n\nvote is thanks be given to the Secretary its list it end save ten sold ar opes and fair market, dew, to his able conduet in the Ensin Sifeira, that are of tanks to given to Revd. the Gets of the case as to granting a mest udinis liberati in su recuti apcepting the ties id Secretary as to the withdrawal of the first groot, and difconsort with their honor, and open: c'eating, if all Proped by Mr. Block unt seeded by Mr. Issand oppressive monopoly un scaled tenders, when Nothing farther being left for discussion, thermitely as to the regranting it on the same ternis Esalse to theer on Thursday gezi, the 7th May, ka the...\n\nto the same pers, were mady known. And we \n\nin speaking confidently; there is no such army.\n\ns to need fustare polating cut.\n\nthe \n\nWe hear there is much acquisition in villages around, no doubt a great deal of big talk,\n\nalso be isolated buildings for a small pox There hospital and a lock hospital.\n\nIf in ndition a sanatoriure copii, na way long ago proposed in this paper, he erected on the top of Victa Penk, we might consider ourselves well way from Canton to Macau and Hongkong. As we predicted, the Cantooreze pre rising from their fortified to withstand any amount of tiny defent with mere insolence than ere; stones; discne. laze been thrown at offices and soldiers not to mener-getting-the heads of society are so e...\n\nWe fear, however, public spirit is lost an speak of the murderous assault on the policeman paged to making money as fast as they can that Stewart, and it is considered very unsafe to enter they may get back to their own country, that they the western part of the city. In the face of this have us time to care for the rany poor aferra the Europeans are living in Honais in the park nates tied to the island for a very long day, if not houses without even a corporal's guard to pro- for ever. sect them. Goods still go up, and although there is some nceusinese felt by the principal Chinese traders who have returned, yet the only advice...\n\n| \n\nto the meeting and Committee. \n\nThis \n\nhomes of Mr. Buck, to draw Rules and Regiations for the the Hospital.\n\nA. GRAND PRE\n\nNerred \n\nActing Colonist Secretary to give the public. which pays him, sogte expérnation of the very doubtiul position in which he at present stands :—— (beily Never.)\n\nsource of the success of such a scheint, would be. 1. for Youghal and W. T. Bridgee. Eaqrektious peaard by the Committee of the Charnam Mr. \n\nWe do not think outy, one great cases of leave Butt, Esq., Barrister and wanting, but something more than money is. C. L., Harrister and Member of the close car-r's me, it may be informed that the dir. mester has wanting-personal superintendence und an interes portion—the Legislative Council of flugkong, tren aited of the charge of breach of pra ilege, \n\nFrom: what has been allow vú to trucepire respecting the \n\nTo \n\nna weit is a portion of the Naval Brigade. The troops the officers of that regiment: -- \n\nwere left on board the transports Lancashire Witch und Tax Benged Hathara, of the 20th March, says with Mooresfort. at Whampoa and the French Contingent remained on board their own ships, except a ousall party in conjeful occupation \n\nreference to two aditional Native Regiments for th \n\nice in China- \n\nPoutres hundred sepoy belonging to the 65th and #2th Regiments N. 1. are now wigh at island, 30 they have not already arrived ut ur in the visity of Barrack port. As we all know they are destined for service in Cuma, provided they can be clarked on the rearts all which possage us ofen signed these, but not being ralunteers for the screire, they canne! in the whole e Looked upon as very willing soldiers vayer for forel ware,\" nnd we sind be able to state the exact numifer that my he proceeding to China, only on the authority \n\n3. the 181, (reclved a communication from Ule Bariul Bizin und Baron Gros, stating that the reply the Contaistioner had been received that is was most antislactory, and inviting the aavel and milhors and-chief to a saference board the Aulaccuse, to consider what further steps aliulit be taken, in consequence of Keb's determination to resist the very nurse decade of the two Governments, \n\n4. Tur conference was held un the 21st it, when it was determined that the pienipotentiaries should \n\nDe knocking at the dors tie Iluase of Coumene\n\nthese prvi of the \n\nthe inverse of Tabs, it would be overwhelmed with adelage India. basic enough co ungrosa tile whole the ovidence selitted to the committee crabile us, \n\ntime of tho bare. And the tuulia eniture, who A Morril, vus of the four Ameere of Upper Selnic, we setertido a boradigazy faith in the nipotence frihe med of turving acquired the interstance of the of Las in judicial proceedings would besiege these members with; dengnes by the presuction of a legal document. The pretura, which if u come the intimation of die James dim Government appelated a commision of the their argir, it would be perfectly air for them to lost heas 4 Prestige de large judicially. The secept. It was nice aged at a Nahub of Arcot bu Cammons in tris pay of an artisan cum te tor conclusion that the charge was eight members of the Host \n\nTim Court of Directors therungen proposed that 1 Sudan bill be any degree resembling that of Lourd Faimers blogne should be deprived of the laude which he held us, is allowed to be low every bilan in-and der the surged decourt. The Presideur of the Bont of their now is leglus--an every wealthy Balno will have attel, for the Cana being, was of opinion that this contence has paid ur uz merabers in the loss of \n\nto lenient, and at bis sggesden Ali Moore was de This is anger gainer which the people of Bogland rised of the ends thus fraudulently bined, and also of have to murd, now that it to props to vrat illa governs \n\nof the pilots reports from the Sashes. Meanwhile, dan letter to the Eugerial High Couimper, started his crban\" laude, beaving him in pranes munt of falla exclusively on the Minsters of the tr \n\nwe dure suy, preparations are being mude for the restoring his Excelteney that, in consequence of his mom.compliance with the debody submitted for fas on of all his remaining and very valuable eruditary! \n\nWe publish the following despatch from the ception of those men to be taken to fight the battles of \n\nconsideration, the lurther settlement of the question the Goverment in a country distant and different from To win a reversal of this judgment, the Amger Putna to \n\nbeen transferred to the anal and military suites, that where as hrave and faithful soldiers their services Sugated. We pas Uver the minor personages in the dis- Government Gazette of last Saturday from the \n\nof State for Foreign affairs, which we ece fur toere required at would be most valuable, that me should sly address better to his silency stating the above faci, and that it, at the end of a further uded the Coffeys, and the alle lady who travelled \n\ntern of forty-eight hours, the eny saguld be perefully from London to Paris, and from Paris to Vienna, for the \n\nquived preparations are compite, nid the sea sust atenie purpose of sizing the deposed prace by paying \n\ncoussy be subject to temporary dependion before surdered into our hands, life and property would be es with it. Gar Lusiness is with the servant of the \n\nthey are sent away. Whether they are all to vents respected; but that, if the teras were out roepted, the English public, the bon, member for Youghal. \n\ntheir rus ad munition or not, we are not aware; city would be attacked. \n\nAll our efforts to avert the evils of war from the hot after the last false alarm, we think it would be \n\nกษ \n\nterested nu eympathising agency by which he was - Secretat, s:t the attention of persons who have Some days may be expected to elapse before the re- \n\ncommend \n\nbeen married in Macau or who propose being married rkare:- \n\nNo. 20. \n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION. \n\nAch is established by Mr. Burt's corn statements. Hiviers were engagal for the Amar acu after that raine's rival in England Mr. Brat sits that he could \n\nWith reference to the Validity of Marriages sofem nie heered the passagement of the application furtius in the der's beauf le staves that he al-nize an Chana, otherwise that ja acendance with nys urged upon the Amer, Aut his lends art advisers, the provisions of the Act 12 and 13 Victores, Cap the bringing of his ca bure Parliament, as the m0268, His Excellency SR JOHN BOWRING, Kaight, relies are to pure. Ha actually used for propers, like \n\nproductive of which he theme obviated to promote the L., Her Majesty's Poipotentiary and Chief er's van. He coniterie the Pirator: the Superintendent of Frade in China &c., &c. has Kulit Company, and agon Mr. Turen faith, the Presisereived a Despatch front The Bight Hande bat the Bora of Control, la licit their nou wees on Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a Copy child of hie ciet. The result of these applicnída was a of which is hereby published for „euerai inforna- jetine on the Board of Directors in answer to the Amcera \n\nBy Order, \n\nG. W. CAINE. Superintendency of Trade, Victoria, Hongkong, 26th April, 1858. Xo. 7 \n\n| \n\njudicious to let it be generally own where and how Chmese having walled, tough the obstinate deteriou the large reinforcement of Pay at the presidency hastian winch as chuterised the proceeding of the een lucnted. Three times the same nombe: of sepoya, Imperial Commissioner from October 21, 1956, oching with all the respectude cam-uds of Barnkport, could remained for the Commanders of the Allied Furces but 15 address the Imperia. Commissiouer, wai to muery into but little, even if they did their worst, but talve \n\ni nens and anuseless panes are any tring fat dignied execution the painful alternative of attacking Centon, Jerorols, would be more effectsly avoided by wich was conquced at daylight this ring. The da:ture of the pucket will prevent my giving say funk revelation of actual wrangements than j \n\ninither reports. I am now on the point of joining the studied reticence which only lends to mystification and forces asembarking at Kuyer's Talked for the zasault on surpicion, -nnd very often reduces the very offre it is \n\nthe city walls, intended a prevent \n\nTur Fagfxman of 23rd Mauch on the same subject, remarks \n\nThe 47th Regt. N. I have nerived, and are vuramped on the glacis of Fort William; they are about 379 strong \n\nof all grace, native officers mari sepoys, and is the Government have ordered Colonel Port, Command FOREIGN OFPics, Alarch 9, 1950. \n\ning, to rerait the Regiment with Malen. Brigadier SIR, eve under my consideration, and have | Corfich with this topiment and the 65th N. I. new en referred to the proper Law Advisers of the Crow, the way down, will leave by the 16th proximo. your Despatches Nos. 452 and 7 of the 26th of \n\nFLOWERS FROM THE INDIAN PAPERS. December and 9d of January last, on the subject of \n\nThe Athene reples mure we to our elrage of the doubts when hel arisen as to the Validity of the \n\nAs we cannot consent to sally our Marriages of British Sabjre's at Chinese Ports; and literary larceny. \n\nges with language ru is seldom beard erido I have to acquaint yaa, in reply, that the Statute i2 \n\nappliers, which on being bitted. se i noceary, for tim. de approvation of the Board of Controt, was materially al. by B1. Fordon sit The reply, as orglundly homed by the Court of Directors, was in vlect, that the Amy's care and on Judicially decided, and that they ans rezson to reverse the decision. The reply, as indi Sed by Me. Vernon Site, was in effent, that if the Amer would zezer his native country, and exert himself in half of the English Government, his real right he Argarable mitezinimesi. These series, fr. But declares, firmad gratully, and simply from his covention of the juice of the Ameer's cline. But in ariston to these parcier Mr. Gutt rent to posed to Failid to argo the Anect's Shell her. For the filter service Mr. Hah desit het theas to receive in all 19,1001, and thut off this She has actually received southing more than 2000. Mr. Butt deolares ther be still holds himself sound to proceed to hulin if the Ameer insists upon it; her in the event of Mr. Bart's aching latelet te lo be will and 13 Victoria, Cap. 68, inponeering Consul topolhouse, our readers must be sausted with our report of fund the money recusat it he is dy preserred solomuze Mariages, does not affect the valulity of, the substance of it. Elis rejoinder is, that our charge of fum pracoding to tudi by the Ameer and his advisers or in any way interfere with, any Marriages which flebing terms the Sproutor is an unmitigated file- arriving at the conclusia thuc his services are not quired would have been valid independently of that Statute, ho,\" and he taunts with being no gentleman. it Here, he will retain the money received. This is, tho \n\nin which category are Mariages celebrated in Chiantik big too on the subject of horsewhips\" and best if our abilty, a tuir and eerut katement of the sub \n\nby Ministers of the Church of England, according horsepouts.\" Bur the strong point agniuss us, ju tja \n\nopis, is our want of gentility. Patial Lects prevad lutorg tår i omories of the House f \n\nto the forms of that Church. \n\nthur contemporary reminds one of the Bath fontman in Pickwick; he can endure anything low.\" When Now, to what do these facts a nuné? Mr. Batt is s Babe of the House of Commons, of a tribunal which and to the Validity of Marriages veiebrated by a \n\nthe public are at a loss for a referee on alkat concerus might intre lawn called aga to procence a verdict as to Clergymen of the Church of England, and not under a gentleman\" they will know wher, to had one. dre justice or injustice due treatment of All Marra by the At 12 and 13 Victoria, Cap. 66, at Macau \n\nLouisana \n\nadi nggala urged 16 Mourial to agipeal lo \n\nM. Mut, Leo, \n\nWith regard to the case fepecially referred to \n\nif \n\nThe deferee, we have already calist characteristic. \n\n6. I beg 10 es, close copies of two General Orders of the 26th instant, and of lemoranda issued by Major- General Van Straubensee, containing the monesancy arzangements for the struck, which I hage will put their lordships in full possession of our intended proceedings. 3. Í have pleasure in reporting that the most perfect umadinty exvts between the Commanders-in-thigï of The allied forces. \n\nI have, .. (Signed) \n\n31. SKY, Bea-Amira and Commanter-in-Chie?. \n\nTo the \n\nSecretary of the Admiralty, \n\nLoudon \n\nGENERAL ORDER. \n\nBefore Canton, December, 1857. The uvala nilitory commander-in-chief of the aisted forces before Cantun love agreed to the following ander of operativas against the city. First bombardme to conxuráce at daylight on Monday morning the 28th of December. \n\nThe sirps and vessels numed in the acte juoder, letter \n\nA) on the signed hereafter indient being made, wilt open fire on the south-west angica of the city wells, with a view to breach them, and impede the communication \n\nThe ships and vessels poused in the net (under letter \n\nThe Gina Cartumqui of India; a transsi which Nie. Baltsgain i Marsa is Chinese Territory, and not a Portuguest | The pickpochyt when arraignai before the Magistrate, of the Chinese troops along thei: parapets to the ent it would appear, actually took some initiatory reps, which precision, such Mauriages 11 be valid as being har generdly hur one answer to wake,-\"it's all a Fed wight have seen servince to the Ameer half as been galebrated in China, Pazar Country. If, however, your wushup.\" We are therefore no more surpriced at hunght be the tribusi of which he was ember. Macao is a possession of Portugal, then it has a the exam's coarse denial than at his blastering), wear the Dutch Folly, with a staritar osject, wit A me wither of the funer of Compune stonde in the core Christian Law of Marriage, as its lex moci,\" and threats, at that the pubic way judge on which ends breach the city walls opposite the Viceroy's residence; Inion to the pimenting even of any individui applying \n\nto met \n\n(Signed) MALMESBURY. \n\nSia Joy Bowring, \n\nBec., N., & \n\nTrue Cops. \n\n11. F. HANCE. \n\nthe mortare in the Dutch Fully, and the Niger and Avalauele, 1.kewise sbetting the city heights auf Gough three insicuess ont of many at our dispoed, in which the Aina has appropiated without actueledgment heights. \n\nThe ships and vessels named in the note (under letter whunt he found in journal. The racier of the ex wination of the Military Female phan Asylum C), beruse the Dutch Folly and the French Folly, will pubished by the Aham was made up entirely from apen fire on the Rooth-east ungles of the new and ell what had appeared the previous day in the Spector, elty walls, mud the walls ferning the east side of the city. These time several nacks will couuence simul without the slightest arkludgment the fuder's) Charge at the opsing the last Sessions repertet for taseously, wira a white csiga shall be hoisted at the fore the Ann, mail a yelaw dug us a corresponding this carnal, was similaris fched the reports of the trinis for funpiracy, the two of most interest, appeared sigral at the spule he listed at the fure of the in the Athena aise the day after they were publised Phugction. \n\nThe Horet end the Avalanche wild repeat these signals A still are at theit fore so long as the Angs shall remain Byug on \n\nthe before mentioned shipa \n\nsit j'fusion, that a judya iter in the run or Manages of British Sabjects anort, in order to be the guilt of \"falschod\" iles, with mension two or \n\nWet wein de said of judge widertunk valid, he adenized there esther in accordance with conse or saticier for a site who had brough, or such lex leci,\" or with the Provisions of the Act \n\nin bring, actions in de curt? The iniquity are mentioned.-1 am, &c., ach step in any incrad a little tem prave by the consider the lye har, or had not received re- mueratina f his seres ful bun pliced biawety in the wharf whition of being with by price that he be mil preciera remuneration for undertaking to as me $5. iend's sent before a tribuent of vehich he to \"use of the anashers. He has aceste promise of 10,0004, for his services, sart of thị sùm he estually trevived more anne ut The urging of the Amcer à aut span the ludia \n\nW take the following short notice of the Khang in the Spectator, almost verbatim, whion & single torrent is one este act, whether the erfarin \n\nflagrant case of Newspaper dishonesty, nceurred in on- ting, the insete the line of it, or has Spring Meeting from the North-Ching Herald whisper whence the apolis were stolen. the juce the tivard Camiral in Cannon-run. it of the 24th olim. The commis mun who so osion with the articultural Exhibition, when the serar di Tu say that make do improper for ft. But to aventry for urging a se before the Howe of ham sold people here at our anal meeting has been the revive the report of the Prizes from the cautioned day and night, net in exceed per each gun carrying off all the good things of Secretary, w the express coulition that he should, is employed 60 rounds during the Best 3 uurs, except f which it is in, but then it would be a right and fortanste \n\n\"We wander who rode our cormity with the usage of the Press on icse oc- the ships under letter C. which will fire 100 rounds. \n\nThey were proper for him to wipe the end beture the Ligure of Chanan, the Northern turt. \n\nCasics, end slips so the Speci \n\nfudiately the bunchardment open the landing of the attic forces will take place at the creek in' Küper an, of the man tinte, kifor a sane her trimmal, provided be ezig recessed reaeration, for the tertives let here the old friend raid. Yellow Jack and Tartar are with e, at the east of Leuils as well as of honesty. The \n\nThe dist heul mom is welcome to the use of vagulang words Pussage, when there the British and French dags will batur. His obvious that by such decision the door to abwe be found in the Hwek Stakes. art by rite oper. Nothing more would be tryniced never have been elsewhere --- \n\nwhich like utty her about he worbi did an enlty be planted in the following order, commencing a day- in eaing, if Palled upon to do so; we will conline onr \n\nlight- to end a remier if Parliament to pochert with perfect; \n\nThe mail, that apology for au many lanes, is urged by \n\nsives har fiets. It is of some consentence that safety a renumeration as Parliamentary agent, u \n\njon which he was onlied in devide as lielige by cerforming war sareporter as a plea for 101 furnishing 18, ki this the public should know that the journal which has won adition acres in his client cost of deces, et clurging issay, with the fall, time and parimer pronunt of the \n\nFor itself the reputation of being acivali in squerility Taxes that came off on Wednesday and Friday in this sproper timotely large for for them. We will not, in \n\ntatau kitowledge, afirm that the committee of \n\nThe stud was graced by the presence of many of car fair residents, and the intervals between the races were enlivened by the music of the of 11. M. S. Higher Adly tout for the occultat: \n\nFIRST DAY. \n\nThe Wung Plate-Spota, 1; Muischite, 2; Dred. 33 \n\nBlack Cockatoo, i. \n\nTHE CHINESE DESPATCHES. THE BOMBARDMENT OF CAYTON. \n\nWAR OFFICE. Fra Mazt, February 15 \n\nThe Secretary of State for War but this day received & despute, of which the following is a copy, addressed is lord chip by Major Geveral C. T, Vas Strubeuzes, C. B., commanding are Majesty's Land Forces in Chan \n\nCenton, December 29, 1857. \n\nMy Lord-I have great satisfactios in reporting that Canton city was ermaisded muud eaptured this day at nine o'clock, with a more trifling losa das enuld have been expected. liceat emulatios was displaye 1 by the whole Allied Force, ten-st whom the greatest cordiality and god feeling into \n\nWe have to deplore the low Royal Suvy, els of Liestemt fiske, of the 59 Regie In stenaut Bowen, ct the me regiment, has tree seriously wounded, \n\nAll \n\nand misrepresentata, is as dishonest in soull thing as The Flea of Comes applied to inquire in Mr. Bersoek; we can therefore only give the places of the brass \n\nSpretter case has come to such a monstrous decisiour; but if it hits and ponies as they came in, which we do on the best. With fius exposure we leave him-Medran \n\nThe intimation arributed to Sir. Jaries Gesinam shut authority, sed promise a graphic report in or next. \n\nThe weather and ground was favorable on the whole, ties of the resolutions was an acquittal of Isan Sasho charge of inproperly enjoying bis prillon bach days, thongh there was a greas outrast; then e is a member of Le 1s of Con alyst day be hot, with a southerly with, and the ther- escuptible of ach an interpretation-it ili ose electors memeter in the shule at 80°, and on Friday, a cold nor- tur be an incir qurd visst the sing why we for strictherly wind was hiewing, and the hormoneter at 63. \n\nPiwili place himself sack $19- It had rained a god deal the night before, hat the wind jście position \n\nAnd dried the course pretty well.\" this tunction The part which Ms. Butt han played cannot be appruched less his negetation with the x-reshient of the art of Corral are taken into account. Mr Vermilch admits that he had repeated emmunications with Mr. Butt-vethal aud epilary-on the subject of the class of Ali Mvered. Of in excep Timock was kept me the lacters are said to have bren private autoosidential. It is possible, Therefore, bu learn with certainty what was the lure of the comuneulea- tions. But this is certain, il subsequently to these inter- Venom Sto altered a dras lurzer 1935 [ektors, Mr. nd the Court of Directors refusing to entertain the Ameer's application, iuro a letter couraging him to return to Sciarie by long at the lope Sut i li mi nital Ala to the Buglial Governinect something arigat he does to him. The only reasna, sseigned for too parišal revered fa inficial teuer, on the strengt of private, sureverteil enamiestis, is that the siteure appenced inrse; but M. Vernon Sanita gave the contest la stand Und Je very reluctant to have sue Ameer's new debaresi à l'aclinent while the Bengal insurrection was it progress, Mr. But having gives it frommilostared theit die hunt informed the ex-Pretent of the Beart of Country of his having tuged the user and his friends to bring the wise 'fore Parlia ne. We r TL entitled to say that Mr. Batt obtained the centerscica in favour of 32 Moured by hinting to the Prescrican of the Buned of Contro, but he had it is power Parliment to fore in a cebam As slin Amour' case; tot in the cherastonces succions will intrude themelsea which at in mot easy to disynd \n\nThe righe Flute-Cock Tail, 1; Peg Tupe, 2; Tiny, 3: \n\nTelegram. 4 \n\nThe ingken Cuga-Sydney, 1; Cheertal, 2 Vaugueril, 8. The dis-Touiz 1 Spot, ; Cock Tail 3, \n\nChelato, 4 72 Pailon, 1; Deuil. 2. \n\nThe finch Marks Rocket, Bay Midleton, 2. \n\nThe Shanghae Pork Cup —Syota, 1; Maiciite, 2; Tapas, \n\n3. \n\nSECOND DAY. \n\nThe fisher Flame-Tiege, walked oven, \n\nThe Swing Cry-Cacetent, 1; Cheerful, 2; Vanguard, \n\n3. \n\nThe China-sup-Blank Coelaten, 1: Topaz. 2; Lakin i \n\nThe T'antica Cap---Coverfil. 1: Shali, 2; Drutd, 8, The Hunt Strikellow Zack, Rocket, 2: Tartar, 3. After the figh vene, in the second day, a match was Parween, Mr. Recens guy Are pobytynen, and Mr. Benadier's black Cafe piny Tube, which was won \n\nGarne. \n\nWe pronoun an epilar in the count of 7%. Batsby mini iko es dreient of the board of Contd. We are will \n\nthat fact of both lisa hart ht \n\nThis will the deutet \n\narists cl \n\navember of the Homme Camus in a \n\nThe following extracts in the Hurkura wnd Englishmas. Calcutta papers, will be read with \n\nun riser as preferring a sai to the lease if interest anal satisfaction by the Colonists of be is lined to \"eir veneration from the air for a Hongkong, if the Pandies are landed here, and po \n\ning the sun elsewhere, if the mean He that doubt with equal satisfaction by General Van \n\nare il gratuitously in the Hour by the name tur \n\nStrasbenzre if such galbut and ready soldiers are placed under his charge. We do not like \n\nengaged is allen wat align and are public civic of the Chatte, whenleigh them drada a dealer fee site's claims in the flow of Corsake y comments, for it by n chase the regiments reach bare without racing their barge conectanapur his eliumiven conrægur dance of com region may be enfly tired by mandors th heers (insult them Pardy met vertaily will House of Come and in the Eccrtine Government, Such a state of stairs is const unsatisfactory even b we shall have some gallant ofboer of ours dawn maky now, star), But supposing that the entire itone Adastraling of India were vested in a single mon ne with the assertion that never was there Minister of the Corn she is to the House of a more loyal or better behaved regiment in Culosis, with wild traptations would the integrity of Our representatives in the legislature le tona feet Atler Majesty's service. We had a sample of it it is, wo have had at one time a Narab Susa, Rajans the other day in the case of the 70th, when a \n\nCaptain Hates, of the \n\nThe hophardment is to be in very low time, aud \n\n1. Suppers and Miners, 59th Regiment, Royal Artillery, stores and mention, \n\nThe French Nawai Brigale, stoves, &c. \n\n3. The Naval Brigade, under the ader of Commodore the 1o. 4. 6. 1, B Esot. \n\n4. The Naval Brigade from Cantun. \n\n5. Lieulcunt.Cola.et lemon's battalica of Royal Marines, & \n\nd. Cutearl Holowry's Brigade of Royal Marines, &c, (Waru last heet of No. £ has passed, No. 2 will com meece, and on with: the remainder \n\nThe duration of the French forces will be eritraded by Capta Reinan:], fg captein; the British troops and Royal Marines by Major the Bon. H. Cidord \n\nThe British Naval Brigade, by Captain W. K. Hall.\n\n... acutalo.\n\nThe following will be the disposition of the united forces after landing:\n\nBritish Naval Brigade on the right.\n\nCentre bridge, composed of Lieutenant-Colonel Lemon's provano instalion, 19th Regiment, Royal Artillery, and Sapiers.\n\nPreucia bridge on the inft\n\nColonel Holloway's brigade in reserve, with Royal Marine Artillery,\n\nAfter getting into position the allied forces will remain still to cancuston, and the mail leaving; I must therefore defer instheer det üle to the next rpportunity. † in line of contianova elutus of brigade audil further...\n\nI bwe, &c.\n\nC. T. VAN STinerszre, M jur General,\n\nCommanding Traps in China,\n\nPort Gongh is now heng oerapied.\n\nThe Right Hon.\n\nthe Secretary of Stue for \n\nWar, C., * \n\nADMIRAL SEYMOUR'S DESPATIUU.\n\nAdmiralty, Fuurorg 15. Despoteker, of which the following me cans, bure en verived by the Lords Commissioners of the! Astrahy Trout Kee-Sentral Sir Michael Seyavour,\n\nOrumates at CANYON \n\nNo. 357.\n\nHer Majesty's ship Coromandri,\n\nnt fan. De ch SirMy letter (No.343) of the 13th ist. courzved \n\nPuins to the fures of the Allied Power, and that u \n\nthe indigence of the raceable regation of ionsh letter had seen vent in t. You, the Lagerial High Cour mission, by the ass-furs of the Allied Powers, stating the deamus of the two Gavernitects, d rating ten days for a consideration of the same, lailing earnered against the city of Citati.\n\nplane with which, conise mesures would be 2. The Brigade of Royal Mears et igal Maries Actriery mere inediately wasis dought up to the i \n\nunders for an advaner, watch will be made to a position \n\nfor vise night, y reparatury to active service us the follow-\n\nnig andag. \n\nM. Skrmore, Rent.Adesiral. \n\nComander-in-Chief of Her Britannic \n\nMajesty's Noynt Purees. \n\nRear-Adesira \n\nC. HowerDA GENOT13.1.T \n\nComewi'kiet af 1Fix Emperial \n\nAlajesty's Naval Forces. \n\nCT VAN STRAL BENZ, Major Lien, Commanding the Alinary Force, \n\nGENERAL MEMORANDUM. Carouane), Canton, Deectner 26, 1857.\n\nThe Nuva! Brigade of seanien will be in three divisions. The divisions will be tald off into companies, each stvising gomorracing No. 1. md the last timber cop. rames is 1st tumi 2e devisions will be composed of boats' \n\ncrewy. \n\n(A) Actre, blgethon, and guulmate, \n\n() Me. Puade, Crnizer, Tornet, and a gunhast. \n\nNumrud, Surprise, 1 agone, Mares, a gunboals. After se p, the three fut-anted ships will after sheir genka 18 will, after one qui, aiter their fire to the north- east with gate. fire to the ty and Gough's Lighrere Alarmcast and \n\nSea Supplemen \n\n} \n\n} \n\n## GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\nWith reference to the Validity of Marriages...\n\nHis Excellency SR JOHN BOWRING, Kaight, L., Her Majesty's Poipotentiary and Chief Superintendent of Trade in China &c., &c. has received a Despatch from The Right Honorable Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs...\n\nBy Order,\n\nG. W. CAINE. Superintendency of Trade, Victoria, Hongkong, 26th April, 1858. No. 7\n\n| \n| --- \n| --- \n\njudicious to let it be generally own where and how Chinese having walled, tough the obstinate deteriou the large reinforcement of Pay at the presidency hastian winch as chuterised the proceeding of the een lucnted. Three times the same nombe: of sepoya, Imperial Commissioner from October 21, 1956, oching with all the respectude cam-uds of Barnkport, could remained for the Commanders of the Allied Furces but 15 address the Imperia. Commissiouer, wai to muery into but little, even if they did their worst, but talve \n\ni nens and anuseless panes are any tring fat dignied execution the painful alternative of attacking Centon, Jerorols, would be more effectsly avoided by wich was conquced at daylight this ring. The da:ture of the pucket will prevent my giving say funk revelation of actual wrangements than j \n\ninither reports. I am now on the point of joining the studied reticence which only lends to mystification and forces asembarking at Kuyer's Talked for the zasault on surpicion, -nnd very often reduces the very offre it is \n\nthe city walls, intended a prevent \n\nTur Fagfxman of 23rd Mauch on the same subject, remarks \n\nThe 47th Regt. N. I have nerived, and are vuramped on the glacis of Fort William; they are about 379 strong \n\nof all grace, native officers mari sepoys, and is the Government have ordered Colonel Port, Command FOREIGN OFPics, Alarch 9, 1950. \n\ning, to rerait the Regiment with Malen. Brigadier SIR, eve under my consideration, and have | Corfich with this topiment and the 65th N. I. new en referred to the proper Law Advisers of the Crow, the way down, will leave by the 16th proximo. your Despatches Nos. 452 and 7 of the 26th of \n\nFLOWERS FROM THE INDIAN PAPERS. December and 9d of January last, on the subject of \n\nThe Athene reples mure we to our elrage of the doubts when hel arisen as to the Validity of the \n\nAs we cannot consent to sally our Marriages of British Sabjre's at Chinese Ports; and literary larceny. \n\nges with language ru is seldom beard erido I have to acquaint yaa, in reply, that the Statute i2 \n\nappliers, which on being bitted. se i noceary, for tim. de approvation of the Board of Controt, was materially al. by B1. Fordon sit The reply, as orglundly homed by the Court of Directors, was in vlect, that the Amy's care and on Judicially decided, and that they ans rezson to reverse the decision. The reply, as indi Sed by Me. Vernon Site, was in effent, that if the Amer would zezer his native country, and exert himself in half of the English Government, his real right he Argarable mitezinimesi. These series, fr. But declares, firmad gratully, and simply from his covention of the juice of the Ameer's cline. But in ariston to these parcier Mr. Gutt rent to posed to Failid to argo the Anect's Shell her. For the filter service Mr. Hah desit het theas to receive in all 19,1001, and thut off this She has actually received southing more than 2000. Mr. Butt deolares ther be still holds himself sound to proceed to hulin if the Ameer insists upon it; her in the event of Mr. Bart's aching latelet te lo be will and 13 Victoria, Cap. 68, inponeering Consul topolhouse, our readers must be sausted with our report of fund the money recusat it he is dy preserred solomuze Mariages, does not affect the valulity of, the substance of it. Elis rejoinder is, that our charge of fum pracoding to tudi by the Ameer and his advisers or in any way interfere with, any Marriages which flebing terms the Sproutor is an unmitigated file- arriving at the conclusia thuc his services are not quired would have been valid independently of that Statute, ho,\" and he taunts with being no gentleman. it Here, he will retain the money received. This is, tho \n\nin which category are Mariages celebrated in Chiantik big too on the subject of horsewhips\" and best if our abilty, a tuir and eerut katement of the sub \n\nby Ministers of the Church of England, according horsepouts.\" Bur the strong point agniuss us, ju tja \n\nopis, is our want of gentility. Patial Lects prevad lutorg tår i omories of the House f \n\nto the forms of that Church. \n\nthur contemporary reminds one of the Bath fontman in Pickwick; he can endure anything low.\" When Now, to what do these facts a nuné? Mr. Batt is s Babe of the House of Commons, of a tribunal which and to the Validity of Marriages veiebrated by a \n\nthe public are at a loss for a referee on alkat concerus might intre lawn called aga to procence a verdict as to Clergymen of the Church of England, and not under a gentleman\" they will know wher, to had one. dre justice or injustice due treatment of All Marra by the At 12 and 13 Victoria, Cap. 66, at Macau \n\nLouisana \n\nadi nggala urged 16 Mourial to agipeal lo \n\nM. Mut, Leo, \n\nWith regard to the case fepecially referred to \n\nif \n\nThe deferee, we have already calist characteristic. \n\n6. I beg 10 es, close copies of two General Orders of the 26th instant, and of lemoranda issued by Major- General Van Straubensee, containing the monesancy arzangements for the struck, which I hage will put their lordships in full possession of our intended proceedings. 3. Í have pleasure in reporting that the most perfect umadinty exvts between the Commanders-in-thigï of The allied forces. \n\nI have, .. (Signed) \n\n31. SKY, Bea-Amira and Commanter-in-Chie?. \n\nTo the \n\nSecretary of the Admiralty, \n\nLoudon \n\nGENERAL ORDER. \n\nBefore Canton, December, 1857. The uvala nilitory commander-in-chief of the aisted forces before Cantun love agreed to the following ander of operativas against the city. First bombardme to conxuráce at daylight on Monday morning the 28th of December. \n\nThe sirps and vessels numed in the acte juoder, letter \n\nA) on the signed hereafter indient being made, wilt open fire on the south-west angica of the city wells, with a view to breach them, and impede the communication \n\nThe ships and vessels poused in the net (under letter \n\nThe Gina Cartumqui of India; a transsi which Nie. Baltsgain i Marsa is Chinese Territory, and not a Portuguest | The pickpochyt when arraignai before the Magistrate, of the Chinese troops along thei: parapets to the ent it would appear, actually took some initiatory reps, which precision, such Mauriages 11 be valid as being har generdly hur one answer to wake,-\"it's all a Fed wight have seen servince to the Ameer half as been galebrated in China, Pazar Country. If, however, your wushup.\" We are therefore no more surpriced at hunght be the tribusi of which he was ember. Macao is a possession of Portugal, then it has a the exam's coarse denial than at his blastering), wear the Dutch Folly, with a staritar osject, wit A me wither of the funer of Compune stonde in the core Christian Law of Marriage, as its lex moci,\" and threats, at that the pubic way judge on which ends breach the city walls opposite the Viceroy's residence; Inion to the pimenting even of any individui applying \n\nto met \n\n(Signed) MALMESBURY. \n\nSia Joy Bowring, \n\nBec., N., & \n\nTrue Cops. \n\n11. F. HANCE. \n\nthe mortare in the Dutch Fully, and the Niger and Avalauele, 1.kewise sbetting the city heights auf Gough three insicuess ont of many at our dispoed, in which the Aina has appropiated without actueledgment heights. \n\nThe ships and vessels named in the note (under letter whunt he found in journal. The racier of the ex wination of the Military Female phan Asylum C), beruse the Dutch Folly and the French Folly, will pubished by the Aham was made up entirely from apen fire on the Rooth-east ungles of the new and ell what had appeared the previous day in the Spector, elty walls, mud the walls ferning the east side of the city. These time several nacks will couuence simul without the slightest arkludgment the fuder's) Charge at the opsing the last Sessions repertet for taseously, wira a white csiga shall be hoisted at the fore the Ann, mail a yelaw dug us a corresponding this carnal, was similaris fched the reports of the trinis for funpiracy, the two of most interest, appeared sigral at the spule he listed at the fure of the in the Athena aise the day after they were publised Phugction. \n\nThe Horet end the Avalanche wild repeat these signals A still are at theit fore so long as the Angs shall remain Byug on \n\nthe before mentioned shipa \n\nsit j'fusion, that a judya iter in the run or Manages of British Sabjects anort, in order to be the guilt of \"falschod\" iles, with mension two or \n\nWet wein de said of judge widertunk valid, he adenized there esther in accordance with conse or saticier for a site who had brough, or such lex leci,\" or with the Provisions of the Act \n\nin bring, actions in de curt? The iniquity are mentioned.-1 am, &c., ach step in any incrad a little tem prave by the consider the lye har, or had not received re- mueratina f his seres ful bun pliced biawety in the wharf whition of being with by price that he be mil preciera remuneration for undertaking to as me $5. iend's sent before a tribuent of vehich he to \"use of the anashers. He has aceste promise of 10,0004, for his services, sart of thị sùm he estually trevived more anne ut The urging of the Amcer à aut span the ludia \n\nW take the following short notice of the Khang in the Spectator, almost verbatim, whion & single torrent is one este act, whether the erfarin \n\nflagrant case of Newspaper dishonesty, nceurred in on- ting, the insete the line of it, or has Spring Meeting from the North-Ching Herald whisper whence the apolis were stolen. the juce the tivard Camiral in Cannon-run. it of the 24th olim. The commis mun who so osion with the articultural Exhibition, when the serar di Tu say that make do improper for ft. But to aventry for urging a se before the Howe of ham sold people here at our anal meeting has been the revive the report of the Prizes from the cautioned day and night, net in exceed per each gun carrying off all the good things of Secretary, w the express coulition that he should, is employed 60 rounds during the Best 3 uurs, except f which it is in, but then it would be a right and fortanste \n\n\"We wander who rode our cormity with the usage of the Press on icse oc- the ships under letter C. which will fire 100 rounds. \n\nThey were proper for him to wipe the end beture the Ligure of Chanan, the Northern turt. \n\nCasics, end slips so the Speci \n\nfudiately the bunchardment open the landing of the attic forces will take place at the creek in' Küper an, of the man tinte, kifor a sane her trimmal, provided be ezig recessed reaeration, for the tertives let here the old friend raid. Yellow Jack and Tartar are with e, at the east of Leuils as well as of honesty. The \n\nThe dist heul mom is welcome to the use of vagulang words Pussage, when there the British and French dags will batur. His obvious that by such decision the door to abwe be found in the Hwek Stakes. art by rite oper. Nothing more would be tryniced never have been elsewhere --- \n\nwhich like utty her about he worbi did an enlty be planted in the following order, commencing a day- in eaing, if Palled upon to do so; we will conline onr \n\nlight- to end a remier if Parliament to pochert with perfect; \n\nThe mail, that apology for au many lanes, is urged by \n\nsives har fiets. It is of some consentence that safety a renumeration as Parliamentary agent, u \n\njon which he was onlied in devide as lielige by cerforming war sareporter as a plea for 101 furnishing 18, ki this the public should know that the journal which has won adition acres in his client cost of deces, et clurging issay, with the fall, time and parimer pronunt of the \n\nFor itself the reputation of being acivali in squerility Taxes that came off on Wednesday and Friday in this sproper timotely large for for them. We will not, in \n\ntatau kitowledge, afirm that the committee of \n\nThe stud was graced by the presence of many of car fair residents, and the intervals between the races were enlivened by the music of the of 11. M. S. Higher Adly tout for the occultat: \n\nFIRST DAY. \n\nThe Wung Plate-Spota, 1; Muischite, 2; Dred. 33 \n\nBlack Cockatoo, i. \n\nTHE CHINESE DESPATCHES. THE BOMBARDMENT OF CAYTON. \n\nWAR OFFICE. Fra Mazt, February 15 \n\nThe Secretary of State for War but this day received & despute, of which the following is a copy, addressed is lord chip by Major Geveral C. T, Vas Strubeuzes, C. B., commanding are Majesty's Land Forces in Chan \n\nCenton, December 29, 1857. \n\nMy Lord-I have great satisfactios in reporting that Canton city was ermaisded muud eaptured this day at nine o'clock, with a more trifling losa das enuld have been expected. liceat emulatios was displaye 1 by the whole Allied Force, ten-st whom the greatest cordiality and god feeling into \n\nWe have to deplore the low Royal Suvy, els of Liestemt fiske, of the 59 Regie In stenaut Bowen, ct the me regiment, has tree seriously wounded, \n\nAll \n\nand misrepresentata, is as dishonest in soull thing as The Flea of Comes applied to inquire in Mr. Bersoek; we can therefore only give the places of the brass \n\nSpretter case has come to such a monstrous decisiour; but if it hits and ponies as they came in, which we do on the best. With fius exposure we leave him-Medran \n\nThe intimation arributed to Sir. Jaries Gesinam shut authority, sed promise a graphic report in or next. \n\nThe weather and ground was favorable on the whole, ties of the resolutions was an acquittal of Isan Sasho charge of inproperly enjoying bis prillon bach days, thongh there was a greas outrast; then e is a member of Le 1s of Con alyst day be hot, with a southerly with, and the ther- escuptible of ach an interpretation-it ili ose electors memeter in the shule at 80°, and on Friday, a cold nor- tur be an incir qurd visst the sing why we for strictherly wind was hiewing, and the hormoneter at 63. \n\nPiwili place himself sack $19- It had rained a god deal the night before, hat the wind jście position \n\nAnd dried the course pretty well.\" this tunction The part which Ms. Butt han played cannot be appruched less his negetation with the x-reshient of the art of Corral are taken into account. Mr Vermilch admits that he had repeated emmunications with Mr. Butt-vethal aud epilary-on the subject of the class of Ali Mvered. Of in excep Timock was kept me the lacters are said to have bren private autoosidential. It is possible, Therefore, bu learn with certainty what was the lure of the comuneulea- tions. But this is certain, il subsequently to these inter- Venom Sto altered a dras lurzer 1935 [ektors, Mr. nd the Court of Directors refusing to entertain the Ameer's application, iuro a letter couraging him to return to Sciarie by long at the lope Sut i li mi nital Ala to the Buglial Governinect something arigat he does to him. The only reasna, sseigned for too parišal revered fa inficial teuer, on the strengt of private, sureverteil enamiestis, is that the siteure appenced inrse; but M. Vernon Sanita gave the contest la stand Und Je very reluctant to have sue Ameer's new debaresi à l'aclinent while the Bengal insurrection was it progress, Mr. But having gives it frommilostared theit die hunt informed the ex-Pretent of the Beart of Country of his having tuged the user and his friends to bring the wise 'fore Parlia ne. We r TL entitled to say that Mr. Batt obtained the centerscica in favour of 32 Moured by hinting to the Prescrican of the Buned of Contro, but he had it is power Parliment to fore in a cebam As slin Amour' case; tot in the cherastonces succions will intrude themelsea which at in mot easy to disynd \n\nThe righe Flute-Cock Tail, 1; Peg Tupe, 2; Tiny, 3: \n\nTelegram. 4 \n\nThe ingken Cuga-Sydney, 1; Cheertal, 2 Vaugueril, 8. The dis-Touiz 1 Spot, ; Cock Tail 3, \n\nChelato, 4 72 Pailon, 1; Deuil. 2. \n\nThe finch Marks Rocket, Bay Midleton, 2. \n\nThe Shanghae Pork Cup —Syota, 1; Maiciite, 2; Tapas, \n\n3. \n\nSECOND DAY. \n\nThe fisher Flame-Tiege, walked oven, \n\nThe Swing Cry-Cacetent, 1; Cheerful, 2; Vanguard, \n\n3. \n\nThe China-sup-Blank Coelaten, 1: Topaz. 2; Lakin i \n\nThe T'antica Cap---Coverfil. 1: Shali, 2; Drutd, 8, The Hunt Strikellow Zack, Rocket, 2: Tartar, 3. After the figh vene, in the second day, a match was Parween, Mr. Recens guy Are pobytynen, and Mr. Benadier's black Cafe piny Tube, which was won \n\nGarne. \n\nWe pronoun an epilar in the count of 7%. Batsby mini iko es dreient of the board of Contd. We are will \n\nthat fact of both lisa hart ht \n\nThis will the deutet \n\narists cl \n\navember of the Homme Camus in a \n\nThe following extracts in the Hurkura wnd Englishmas. Calcutta papers, will be read with \n\nun riser as preferring a sai to the lease if interest anal satisfaction by the Colonists of be is lined to \"eir veneration from the air for a Hongkong, if the Pandies are landed here, and po \n\ning the sun elsewhere, if the mean He that doubt with equal satisfaction by General Van \n\nare il gratuitously in the Hour by the name tur \n\nStrasbenzre if such galbut and ready soldiers are placed under his charge. We do not like \n\nengaged is allen wat align and are public civic of the Chatte, whenleigh them drada a dealer fee site's claims in the flow of Corsake y comments, for it by n chase the regiments reach bare without racing their barge conectanapur his eliumiven conrægur dance of com region may be enfly tired by mandors th heers (insult them Pardy met vertaily will House of Come and in the Eccrtine Government, Such a state of stairs is const unsatisfactory even b we shall have some gallant ofboer of ours dawn maky now, star), But supposing that the entire itone Adastraling of India were vested in a single mon ne with the assertion that never was there Minister of the Corn she is to the House of a more loyal or better behaved regiment in Culosis, with wild traptations would the integrity of Our representatives in the legislature le tona feet Atler Majesty's service. We had a sample of it it is, wo have had at one time a Narab Susa, Rajans the other day in the case of the 70th, when a \n\nCaptain Hates, of the \n\nThe hophardment is to be in very low time, aud \n\n1. Suppers and Miners, 59th Regiment, Royal Artillery, stores and mention, \n\nThe French Nawai Brigale, stoves, &c. \n\n3. The Naval Brigade, under the ader of Commodore the 1o. 4. 6. 1, B Esot. \n\n4. The Naval Brigade from Cantun. \n\n5. Lieulcunt.Cola.et lemon's battalica of Royal Marines, & \n\nd. Cutearl Holowry's Brigade of Royal Marines, &c, (Waru last heet of No. £ has passed, No. 2 will com meece, and on with: the remainder \n\nThe duration of the French forces will be eritraded by Capta Reinan:], fg captein; the British troops and Royal Marines by Major the Bon. H. Clidord \n\nThe British Naval Brigade, by Captain W. K. Hall.\n\n... acutalo.\n\nThe following will be the disposition of the united forces after landing:\n\n| Unit | Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| British Naval Brigade | Right |\n| Centre bridge | Composed of Lieutenant-Colonel Lemon's battalion, 19th Regiment, Royal Artillery, and Sapiers |\n| Preucia bridge | Left |\n| Colonel Holloway's brigade | Reserve, with Royal Marine Artillery |\n\nAfter getting into position the allied forces will remain...\n\nC. T. VAN STRAUBENZEE, Major General,\n\nCommanding Traps in China,\n\nPort Gongh is now being occupied.\n\nThe Right Hon.\n\nthe Secretary of State for \n\nWar, C., * \n\nADMIRAL SEYMOUR'S DESPATIUU.\n\nAdmiralty, Fuurorg 15. Despoteker, of which the following me cans, bure en verived by the Lords Commissioners of the! Astrahy Trout Kee-Sentral Sir Michael Seyavour,\n\nOrumates at CANYON \n\nNo. 357.\n\nHer Majesty's ship Coromandri,\n\nnt fan. De ch SirMy letter (No.343) of the 13th ist. courzved \n\nPuins to the fures of the Allied Power, and that u \n\nthe indigence of the raceable regation of ionsh letter had seen vent in t. You, the Lagerial High Cour mission, by the ass-furs of the Allied Powers, stating the deamus of the two Gavernitects, d rating ten days for a consideration of the same, lailing earnered against the city of Citati.\n\nplane with which, conise mesures would be 2. The Brigade of Royal Mears et igal Maries Actriery mere inediately wasis dought up to the i \n\nunders for an advaner, watch will be made to a position \n\nfor vise night, y reparatury to active service us the follow-\n\nnig andag. \n\nM. Skrmore, Rent.Adesiral. \n\nComander-in-Chief of Her Britannic \n\nMajesty's Noynt Purees. \n\nRear-Adesira \n\nC. HowerDA GENOT13.1.T \n\nComewi'kiet af 1Fix Emperial \n\nAlajesty's Naval Forces. \n\nCT VAN STRAL BENZ, Major Lien, Commanding the Alinary Force, \n\nGENERAL MEMORANDUM. Carouane), Canton, Deectner 26, 1857.\n\nThe Nuva! Brigade of seanien will be in three divisions. The divisions will be tald off into companies, each stvising gomorracing No. 1. md the last timber cop. rames is 1st tumi 2e devisions will be composed of boats' \n\ncrewy. \n\n(A) Actre, blgethon, and guulmate, \n\n() Me. Puade, Crnizer, Tornet, and a gunhast. \n\nNumrud, Surprise, 1 agone, Mares, a gunboals. After se p, the three fut-anted ships will after sheir genka 18 will, after one qui, aiter their fire to the north- east with gate. fire to the ty and Gough's Lighrere Alarmcast and \n\nSea Supplemen \n\n} \n\n}",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 249740,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-078 - Sir Robinson - 1860 [7-12]",
        "page_number": 382,
        "title": "CO129-078 - Sir Robinson - 1860 [7-12]",
        "content_text": "4\n\nAll expenses attending the Diplomatic Mission of Great Britain shall be borne by the British Government.\n\nART. V. His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to nominate one of the Secretaries of State or a President of one of the Boards, as the high officer with whom the Ambassador, Minister, or other Diplomatic Agent of Her Majesty the Queen shall transact business, either personally or in writing on a footing of perfect equality.\n\nART. VI. Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain agrees that the privileges hereby secured shall be enjoyed in her dominions by the Ambassadors, Ministers, or Diplomatic Agents of the Emperor of China, accredited to the Court of Her Majesty.\n\nART. VII. Her Majesty the Queen may appoint one or more Consuls in the dominions of the Emperor of China; and such Consul or Consuls shall be at liberty to reside in any of the open ports or cities of China, as Her Majesty the Queen may consider most expedient for the interests of British commerce. They shall be treated with due respect by the Chinese authorities, and enjoy the same privileges and immunities as the Consular Officers of the most favoured nation.\n\nConsuls and Vice-Consuls in charge shall rank with Intendants of Circuits; Vice-Consuls, Acting Vice-Consuls, and Interpreters, with Prefects. They shall have access to the official residences of the officers, and communicate with them, either personally or in writing, on a footing of equality, as the interests of the public service may require.\n\n5\n\n373\n\nBritish subjects who may commit any crime in China, shall be tried and punished by the Consul, or other public functionary authorized thereto, according to the laws of Great Britain.\n\nJustice shall be equitably and impartially administered on both sides.\n\nART. XVII. A British subject having reason to complain of a Chinese, must proceed to the Consulate and state his grievance. The Consul will inquire into the merits of the case, and do his utmost to arrange it amicably. In like manner, if a Chinese have reason to complain of a British subject, the Consul shall no less listen to his complaint, and endeavour to settle it in a friendly manner.\n\nIf disputes take place of such a nature that the Consul cannot arrange them amicably, then he shall request the assistance of the Chinese authorities, that they may together examine into the merits of the case, and decide it equitably.\n\nART. XVIII. The Chinese authorities shall at all times afford the fullest protection to the persons and property of British subjects, whenever these shall have been subjected to insult or violence. In all cases of incendiarism or robbery, the local authorities shall at once take the necessary steps for the recovery of the stolen property, the suppression of disorder, and the arrest of the guilty parties, whom they will punish according to law.\n\nART. XIX. If any British merchant-vessel, while within Chinese waters, be plundered by robbers or pirates, it shall be the duty of the Chinese authorities to use every endeavour to capture and punish the said robbers or pirates, and to recover the stolen property, that it may be handed over to the Consul for restoration to the owner.\n\nART. VIII. The Christian religion, as professed by Protestants or Roman Catholics, inculcates the practice of virtue, and teaches man to do as he would be done by. Persons teaching it or professing it, therefore, shall alike be entitled to the protection of the Chinese authorities; nor shall any such, peaceably pursuing their calling, and not offending against the laws, be persecuted or interfered with.\n\nART. IX. British subjects are hereby authorized to travel, for their pleasure or for purposes of trade, to all parts of the interior, under passports which will be issued by their Consuls, and countersigned by the local authorities. These passports, if demanded, must be produced for examination in the localities passed through. If the passport be not irregular, the bearer will be allowed to proceed, and no opposition shall be offered to his hiring persons or hiring vessels for the carriage of his baggage or merchandize. If he be without a passport, or if he commit any offence against the law, he shall be handed over to the nearest Consul for punishment, but he must not be subjected to any ill-usage or excess of necessary restraint. No passport need be applied for by persons going on excursions from the ports open to trade to a distance not exceeding 100 li, and for a period not exceeding five days.\n\nART. XX. If any British vessel be at any time wrecked or stranded on the coast of China, or be compelled to take refuge in any port within the dominions of the Emperor of China, the Chinese authorities, on being apprised of the fact, shall immediately adopt measures for its relief and security; the persons on board shall receive friendly treatment, and shall be furnished, if necessary, with the means of conveyance to the nearest Consular station.\n\nART. XXI. If criminals, subjects of China, shall take refuge in Hongkong, or on board the British ships there, they shall, upon due requisition by the Chinese authorities, be searched for, and, on proof of their guilt, be delivered up.\n\nIn like manner, if Chinese offenders take refuge in the houses or on board the vessels of British subjects at the open ports, they shall not be harboured or concealed, but shall be delivered up on due requisition.\n\nART. XXII. Should any Chinese subject fail to discharge debts incurred to a British subject, or should he fraudulently abscond, the Chinese authorities will do their utmost to effect his arrest, and enforce recovery of the debts. The British authorities will likewise do their utmost to bring to justice any British subject fraudulently absconding or failing to discharge debts incurred by him to a Chinese subject.\n\nTo Nanking, and other cities disturbed by persons in arms against the Government, no pass shall be given until they shall have been recaptured.\n\nART. X. British merchant-ships shall have authority to trade upon the Great River (Yang-tsz). The Upper and Lower Valley of the river being, however, disturbed by outlaws, no port shall be, for the present, opened to trade, with the exceptions of Chin-kiang, which shall be opened in a year from the date of the signing of this Treaty.\n\nSo soon as peace shall have been restored, British vessels shall also be admitted to trade at such ports as far as Han-kow, not exceeding three in number, as the British Minister, after consultation with the Chinese Secretary of State, may determine shall be ports of entry and discharge.\n\nART. XI. In addition to the cities and towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo, and Shanghai opened by the Treaty of Nanking, it is agreed that British subjects may frequent the cities and ports of New-Chwang, Tang-Chow, Tai-Wan (Formosa), Chau-Chow (Swatow), and Kiung-Chow (Hainan).\n\nThey are permitted to carry on trade with whomsoever they please, and to proceed to and fro at pleasure with their vessels and merchandize.\n\nThey shall enjoy the same privileges, advantages, and immunities at the said towns and ports as they enjoy at the ports already opened to trade, including the right of residence, of buying or renting houses, of leasing land therein, and of building churches, hospitals, and cemeteries.\n\nART. XII. British subjects, whether at the ports or at other places, desiring to build or open houses, warehouses, churches, hospitals, or burial-grounds, shall make their agreement for the land or buildings they require at the rates prevailing among the people, equitably, and without exaction on either side.\n\nART. XIII. The Chinese Government will place no restrictions whatever upon the employment, by British subjects, of Chinese subjects in any lawful capacity.\n\nART. XIV. British subjects may hire whatever boats they please for the transport of goods or passengers, and the sum to be paid for such boats shall be settled between the parties themselves, without the interference of the Chinese Government. The number of these boats shall not be limited, nor shall a monopoly in respect either of the boats, or of the porters or coolies engaged in carrying the goods be granted to any parties. If any smuggling takes place in them, the offenders will, of course, be punished according to law.\n\nART. XV. All questions in regard to rights, whether of property or person, arising between British subjects, shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the British authorities.\n\nART. XVI. Chinese subjects who may be guilty of any criminal act towards British subjects shall be arrested and punished by the Chinese authorities, according to the laws of China.\n\nART. XXIII. Should natives of China who may repair to Hongkong to trade, incur debts there, the recovery of such debts must be arranged for by the English Courts of Justice on the spot; and should the Chinese debtor abscond, and be known to have property, real or personal, within the Chinese territory, it shall be the duty of the Chinese authorities, on application by, and in concert with, the British Consul, to do their utmost to see justice done between the parties.\n\nART. XXIV. It is agreed that British subjects shall pay, on all merchandize imported or exported by them, the duties prescribed by the tariff; but in no case shall they be called upon to pay other or higher duties than are required of the subjects of any other foreign nation.\n\nART. XXV. Import duties shall be considered payable on the landing of the goods, and duties on export on the shipment of the same.\n\nART. XXVI. Whereas the tariff fixed by Article X of the Treaty of Nanking, and which was estimated so as to impose on imports and exports a duty at about the rate of five per cent ad valorem, has been found, by reason of the fall in value of various articles of Merchandize, therein enumerated, to impose a duty upon these, considerably in excess of the rate originally assumed, as above, to be a fair rate, it is agreed that the said tariff shall be revised, and that as soon as the Treaty shall have been signed, application shall be made to the Emperor of China to depute a high officer of the Board of Revenue to meet, at Shanghai, officers to be deputed on behalf of the British Government, to consider its revision together, so that the tariff, as revised, may come into operation immediately after the ratification of this treaty.\n\nART. XXVII. It is agreed that either of the High Contracting Parties to this Treaty may demand a further revision of the tariff, and of the Commercial Articles of this Treaty, at the end of ten years; but if no demand be made on either side within six months after the end of the first ten years, then the tariff shall remain in force for ten years more, reckoned from the end of the preceding ten years; and so it shall be, at the end of each successive ten years.\n\nART. XXVIII. Whereas it was agreed in Article X of the Treaty of Nanking, that British imports, having paid the tariff duties, should be conveyed into the interior free of all further charges, except a transit duty, the amount whereof was not to exceed a certain percentage on tariff value; and whereas no accurate information having been furnished of the amount of such duty, British merchants are constantly complained that charges are suddenly and arbitrarily imposed by the provincial authorities as transit duties upon produce on its way to the foreign market, and on imports on their way into the interior, to the detriment of trade; it is agreed that within four months from the signing of this Treaty...",
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        "id": 270385,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-123 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [7]",
        "page_number": 275,
        "title": "CO129-123 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [7]",
        "content_text": "and on the 4th of April arrived at Tração where we \n\nwere against our will placed in the Barracoons.. \n\nJave hunn Chime states,\n\nChune You Sing's Mark \n\nI am \n\n275 \n\na trader in \n\nRice and sugar at the Village of Tuan-\n\nKwong \n\nLaw in the A Wong on\" Province. On the 11th \n\nMarch, I was proceeding to Kowe Dow a \n\nVillage about \n\na day's voyage from Kaw \n\nLaw, with rice and sugar when I was \n\nattacked by two piratical boats. – I, \n\nand crew consisting of five \n\nand cargo, and were taken by the Pirates \n\nWe were \n\ntaken to the Barracoons at Macao, ar-\n\nrived there on the 29th April. We put there against our will. \n\nLi a Thig states.. \n\nAvere \n\nEppure Mom Chin's mark \n\nJ Aur \n\na soldier. \n\nMa \n\non board \n\na Man-of-War Tank belonging to Cochin.\n\nChin - On the 20th January 1867 the Aunt \n\nleft Kiang Chow with Treasure \n\nfor the \n\nCapital after \n\na day's voyage, we were attacked by the piratical Junks and on board - I and the re-\n\nmainder of the crew 15 in number were \n\nrobbed of all \n\nand forcibly taken by the Pirates. – The Piratical \n\nproceeded to a \n\nplace called \"Pake Staí \n\nand",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-123 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [7].txt",
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    {
        "id": 270386,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-123 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [7]",
        "page_number": 276,
        "title": "CO129-123 - Sir MacDonnell - 1867 [7]",
        "content_text": "and from thence to Macao in a Fow keang boat - We were \n\nput in the Barracoon-\n\nagainst our will.\n\nLi Athing's mark\n\n274\n\nJoong A Fook fisherman at Chook sau Hui\n\nnear Keung\n\non\" Province states: - on the\n\n30th January 1867,\n\nI was in my boat off\n\nthe above place when I was attacked by\n\na \"Fow keang \" boat in which\n\nwere\n\nPortuguese and robbed\n\nof all I had.\n\nI and my\n\ncrew ten in all;\n\nwere\n\ncarried\n\naway\n\nto the Barracoon\n\nat Macao. - We arrived there\n\non\n\nthe 14th\n\nApril were there against our will; - when in the Barracoons we were\n\nbadly fed-\n\nat one time we only had rice, and at another, we were only allowed water - We were taken before the officer, before whom Contracts had to be signed. (i.e. the Procurador) and were told through an interpreter that we must go. We refused,\n\nwere\n\ntold that if\n\nwe did not\n\ngo\n\nwe should be sent to work on\n\nthe roads,\n\nand\n\nvery frightened,\n\nwe\n\nagreed to go\n\non board\n\na ship.-\n\nJong A Fook's mark",
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    {
        "id": 281059,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 98,
        "title": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "My attention had been drawn by the enclosed Newspaper Article on the reported levy of fresh taxes on Foreign Goods through various Guilds at Canton.\n\nOn further enquiry I received explanations which were very satisfactory to me on the subject, and upon consideration I saw no necessity for remonstrance.\n\nThe enclosed Memorandum drawn up by Mr. Mayers appeared to me to place the matter in its true light, and so long as nothing in the way of differential duty on Foreign Goods was levied, I did not feel called upon to take action.\n\n(Signed.) Rutherford Alcock\n\nDec 23\n\nMemorandum upon the additional taxes at Canton mentioned in the Hong Kong Daily Press of December 23rd 1869.\n\nThe facts of the case in this matter are as follows: – \n\nThe Li-Kin or War tax at Canton was formerly levied in two distinct forms, viz: – on merchandise in transitu, called 行厘 (King Li), and upon the resident traders and shopkeepers, called 坐厘 (Tso Li). This latter branch of the levy was abolished two years ago by the late Governor Kiang.\n\nSome few months ago the Government at Peking notified the ...\n\nHowever, to follow the exact output format requested (HTML using  for paragraphs), here is the revised output:\n\nMy attention had been drawn by the enclosed Newspaper Article on the reported levy of fresh taxes on Foreign Goods through various Guilds at Canton.\n\nOn further enquiry I received explanations which were very satisfactory to me on the subject, and upon consideration I saw no necessity for remonstrance.\n\nThe enclosed Memorandum drawn up by Mr. Mayers appeared to me to place the matter in its true light, and so long as nothing in the way of differential duty on Foreign Goods was levied, I did not feel called upon to take action.\n\n(Signed.) Rutherford Alcock\n\nDec 23\n\n((hy) Memorandum\n\nMemorandum upon the additional taxes at Canton mentioned in the Hong Kong Daily Press of December 23rd 1869.\n\nThe facts of the case in this matter are as follows: – \n\nThe Li-Kin or War tax at Canton was formerly levied in two distinct forms, viz: – on merchandise in transitu, called 行厘 (King Li), and upon the resident traders and shopkeepers, called 坐厘 (Tso Li). This latter branch of the levy was abolished two years ago by the late Governor Kiang.\n\nSome few months ago the Government at Peking notified the...",
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    {
        "id": 283256,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-147 - Public Offices - 1870",
        "page_number": 464,
        "title": "CO129-147 - Public Offices - 1870",
        "content_text": "## contribution to the Military expenditure \n\nin Thenor and Nan anh \n\nthe \n\ncommittee \n\nraised) from Taels 10,000 to Taels 20,000 \n\nper mensem; \n\nfor various \n\nand after casting about \n\nmeans \n\nof raising \n\nadditional \n\nfunds, the provincial Government determined reestablishing the likin form of \n\ntaxation. The various Guilds representing the different branches of trade have \n\nbeen consulted, and \n\nagreement has \n\nbeen arrived at in pursuance of which \n\na \n\nlone \n\n( \n\nlove of \n\none hundredth per cent \n\n(condareen per Tael) is to be \n\ncollected from all dealings \n\nin merchandise of \n\nevery \n\ndescription, with the \n\nexception of rice, oil, and firewood, \n\ncarried \n\non at Canton. This is the \n\nsame rate that \n\nprevailed \n\nuntil \n\nthe abolition of the likin system by \n\nGovernor Kiang tik li in 1867; and \n\nI am informed by \n\nvarious sources that \n\nno serious \n\nobjection is \n\nraised against the reimposition of this love by either the traders \n\nor \n\nthe people \n\nas \n\nthe impost \n\nis too light to affect materially \n\ntransactions, and the amount of its incidence on larger dealings is also not sufficient to excite opposition. The official notification of the levy has not yet been issued, but it will probably appear within a day or two.\n\n(signed) W. P. Mayers \n\nCanton, December 27th, 1869. \n\n(Amended Copy) \n\nSecretary, British Colonial Secretary",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-147 - Public Offices - 1870.txt",
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    {
        "id": 288837,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 210,
        "title": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "816\n\nTHE LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH.\n\nhowever, and the daily business which is doing for manufacturing wants is at firm rates. In Canton Silk there have been sales at 178. to 173. 6d. for fair to good market Tsatlee, with certainly more general inquiry for this Silk, very few importers, however, are found willing to accept these rates. Japan Silks remain firm at last quotations, and Deliveries are fairly good, without any new movement of interest. being from 1st to 13th inst:-China, 974 bales; Canton, 308 bales; Japan, 263 bales; Bengal, 276; total, 1,819 bales.\n\nLONDON QUOTATIONS-Nov, 15.\n\nCurss.\n\nTsatlee, No. I\nRed Peacock\n305. 6l. to 31s. 6d.\n\nYuenfas and Hatnin, Nos. 1, 2, and S\nTaysaam\n29s. 6d.\n\nKeying, Nos. 1, 2, and 3...\nLong Keel\n24s. 6d. to 24s. 9d.\n\nChinese Throwns\n\n23s. 0d.\n\n20s. 0d.\n\nMaibosh and Siuchu, Nos. 1, 2, and 3\n\n24s. 0d. to 25s. 6d.\n\n25s. 0d. to 30s. 0d.\n\n28s. 0d. to 24s. 6d.\n\nJAPAN.\n\nIdah, No. 2\n\n20s. 0d. to 27s. 0d.\n\nSodai, No. 2\n\n24s. 6d. to 25s. 6d.\n\nOshtu, Nos. 1, 2, and 3...\n\n25s. 0d. to 30s. 0d.\n\nKochin, No. 2...\n\n28s. 0d. to 24s. 6d.\n\nElchizen\n\n20s. 6d. to 24s. 0d.\n\nMashta\n\n20s. 0d. to 23s. 0d.\n\natehoji...\n\n20s. 0d. to 24s. 0d.\n\nCAMPHOR.--China has slightly declined; of 176 cases offered in the public sales about half has been sold at £3 15s. 6d. to £3 16s., and a small business has been done privately on corresponding terms.\n\nCARDAMOMS.-There has again been an absence of business in Ceylon.\n\nCocoa Nuts.-The market for Cochin has been firm, and sales of fine have been made at £38 15s. both privately and at auction. Ceylon is steady at the previous value; viz., £33 10s. to £35 15s. per ton.\n\nCEREALS. The market continues very dull, and there are no transactions to report.\n\nCotton. The advance reported last week is maintained, about 500 tons having changed hands at 20s. to 22s. per cwt.\n\nDRAGON'S-BLOOD.-Little doing; 29 cases lump offered in public sale were retired.\n\nEBONY.-Ceylon is still very scarce, no part of the supplies reported to be afloat having yet come to hand. Good quality is still quoted £24 per ton, but no transactions are reported.\n\nESSENTIAL OILS.-Aniseed steady; about 100 cases sold privately at 9s. 8d. down to 9s. for a few cases, since which it has slightly rallied, and there are buyers at a shade advance; 13 cases at auction retired. Cassia very firmly held. Nutmeg firm; 6 cases sold at 9d. Citronelle again dull. Cinnamon: Fine, scarce, and wanted. per oz. Lower, and dull: 75 cases at auction, only a few sold at 2¼d. per oz. Lemon Grass: Value nominal, and difficult of sale; 40 cases retired.\n\nGUMS.--Benjamin: Siam quiet; 20 cases at auction retired; Sumatra also quiet; of 62 cases offered, one-half sold; 2nds, dark to fair, £7 2s. 6d. to £8 2s. 6d. Copal: Cheaper and very dull; 80 cases offered and retired; small sales privately at 80s. per cwt. for good. Damar Quiet and cheaper 150 cases sold at 53s. 6d. per cwt. for good clean, but rather dusty and yellow. Gamboge: Quiet.\n\nGUTTAPERCHA.-Market dull; 648 packages at auction nearly all sold; close reboiled and part genuine, 1s. 6d. to 1s. 6½d., mixed with fine white, 1s. 4d. to 1s. 4½d.; white fair to good clean, part barky, 1s. 1d. to 1s. 3d.; close reboiled and part perished and weak, 1s. to 1s. 0¾d.; Sumatra, barky and part loose, ¾d. to 1s.\n\nHEMP. The market for Manila continues weak, the supply being still considerably in excess of requirements; the small business done establishes a light decline in prices. Of 1,992 bales offered in public sale yesterday the bulk was bought in, fair to good raping at £47 to £48 10s.; about 200 to 300 bales sold damaged third to first class at £44 to £47, fourth class, £42 10s. to £43 5s.; inferior sound at £44 5s. to £44 15s. per ton.\n\nHIDES. At the last sales, somewhat contrary to general expectation, there was a fairly active demand for East India Hides for both home use and export, and rather over three-fourths of the quantity offered was disposed of. Former prices were well supported for nearly all descriptions, and for some of the most desirable piles of Dacca and North-Western slaughtered an advance of ½d. to ¾d. per lb. was paid. Singapore and Penang realised about former rates. Singapore and Penang Buffalo were in full demand, and generally brought full prices; Calcutta and Java were mostly bought in.\n\nHORNS.-Siam Buffalo firm at the last quoted rate, viz., 36s. 6d. to 39s. 6d. per cwt. for 3 lb. to 4 lb. Horns. Ceylon Deer also firm.\n\nISINGLASS.-The market continues firm, and at auction of 4 cases offered, a few only sold at 2s. 8d. to 2s. 9¼d. for middling Pipe; 10 bales Manila purse sold at 6d. to 8¾d. per lb.\n\nINDIA-RUBBER.-The market is very quiet, and in the absence of transactions of any importance prices are unaltered.\n\nJAPAN WAX.-There is but little doing, but the market is firm, and prices are well maintained; small sales of fine saucers are reported at £4 18s. per cwt.\n\nMusk.-Market steady: 51 caddies Tonquin at auction sold; fair selected, well-shaped pods part horny 34s. to 34s. 6d.; and rough and badly, fair middling 17s. 6d. to 18s.; 19 tins Grain sold, fine at 56s. to 57s.; dark at 48s. to 48s. 6d. per oz.\n\n[Nov. 18, 1872.]\n\nPEPPER.-Black has been very dull, and there have been only small sales, chiefly of Singapore, at 6d. to 6¼d., at which the market closes. White is also cheaper, having been with an extremely dull tone, quitted at 1s. 0d. to 1s. 0¾d.\n\nPLUMBAGO Ceylon of fine quality is very scarce, but mixed is dull of sale; 133 barrels in auction sold; dust, good and very good at 12s. to 13s. 3d. per cwt.\n\nRATTANS are scarce, and supplies would realise high prices.\n\nRHUBARB The market for China is steady but quiet; of 126 cases offered three-fourths sold; sundried root fairly trimmed and fresh small to large, 2s. to 2s. 4d.; duller coat and more mixed in size, 1s. 8d. to 1s. 11d.; inferior, 10d. to 1s. 2d. per lb.\n\nRICE Although there is no activity in the demand, there is a steadier tone observable in the market, and better prices have been obtained, especially for floating cargoes. On the spot Askoolie has been sold at 10s. 4½d. to 10s. 6d., old Necransie at 8s. 6d. cash, and Moulmein at 9s. 6d. ex quay. The floating cargo per Surrey, 1,200 tons Rangoon, has been sold at 9s. 6d. continental terms, the floating cargo, per Voltri, 760 tons Necransic, arrived off coast, sold at 9s. 3¼d. for a near continental port, and a floating cargo of 750 tons Moulmain at about 9s. 3d. ex ship.\n\nSAGO.-Market very quiet, and little business done. Of 897 bags offered, half sold at 16s. 6d. per cwt. for good small, and 17s. 6d. to 18s. for good large.\n\nSAPAN WOOD.-Manila and Siam steady; 55 tons Manila sold at auction at £8 2s. 6d. to £8 7s. 6d., for good wood, some damaged. Ceylon firm and in demand, but no offers have been made during the fortnight.\n\nSHELLS.-No business since the sales of the 5th inst.\n\nSPICES.-Chunamon: There is a steady demand for Ceylon and a moderate business doing at previously ruling prices. Cassia Liguea: Quiet; 400 cases unworked at public sale retired. Buds: Quiet. Cloves: Amboyna firm; 2 cases good sold at 8¼d.; Penang steady; of 13 cases at auction, 3 cases fair sold at 1s. 4d. to 1s. 4½d. per lb.; the remainder common retired. Mace: Steady. Nutmeg: Cheaper; of 450 packages at sale, a large proportion sold; 87's to 77's, 8¼d. to 8s. 7d.; 90's, 3s. 2¼d. to 3s. 3d.; 116's to 108's, 2s. 9¼d. to 2s. 10¼d.; but a large proportion common, shrivelled and worm-eaten sold at low rates.\n\nSoy.-Ching in very flat, and of 100 casks offered at auction only a few sold at 1s. 9d. per gallon. Japan: No business done.\n\nSTICKLAC.-Siam firm; 82 cases at auction sold at £4 8s. 6d. to £4 9s. for good quality.\n\nSTAR ANISEEDS.-Market quiet, and there are no transactions to report.\n\nTAPIOCA.-The market has been quiet, and closes dull. Of 8,000 bags at auction one third sold; Singapore at 2¼d. to 2½d. per lb. for middling to very good, and Penang 2¼d. to 2½d. middling to fair.\n\nTIN has declined £2 to £8 per ton, but the market closes steadily; quotations are: Straits, on the spot and afloat, £140; Banca, £155; Billiton, £146 per ton.\n\nARTICLES OF EXPORT.\n\nMANCHESTER GOODS.\n\nThe advance in the Bank rate to 7 per cent. has increased the dullness prevailing at the close of last week, and the sales effected since the 8th inst. have been extremely limited. At the close the market is without improvement in demand, and may be reported with a tendency of prices in favour of buyers.\n\nWidth...\n39 in.\n\nQuality...\nNo. 4.\n\nWeight..\n\nGRET SHIRTINGS,\n38-39 Yds.\n\n8.8.\n8¼d.\n\n9d.\n9¼d.\n\n9½d.\n9¾d.\n\nWidth....\n39 in.\n\nQuality...\nNo. 1\n\n8s. 6d.\n\n820\n\nGIBRALTAR\n\nMALTA............\n\nTHE LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH.\n\nOVERLAND ROUTE....\n\nThe PENINSULAR AND ORIENTAL STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY book Passengers and receive Cargo and Parcels by their steamers for-\n\nALEXANDRIA.)\n\nAden\n\nBOMBAY\n\nGALLE.....\n\nMADRAS\n\nCALCUTTA\n\nPENANG\n\nSINGAPORE...\n\nCHINA\n\nJAPAN\n\nAUSTRALIA\n\nNEW ZEALAND\n\n(Cargo only)\n\nTrieste\n\nFrom\n\nFrom Southampton-calling at Brindisi.\n\nAncona)\n\nEvery\n\nThursday\n\nat 2 P.M.\n\nEvery\n\nFriday.\n\nEvery Monday,\n\nat noon.\n\nNov.\n\nNov. 15.\n\nNov. 4, 18,\n\n& Dec. 2,\n\nat 2 P.M.\n\nat noon.\n\nat 3 A.M.\n\nThursday\n\nFriday.\n\nNov. 29\n\nNov. 21,\n\nat 2 P.M.\n\nat noon.\n\nMonday, Dec. 2.\n\nat 1.\n\nAnd all Ports at which the British India Company's Steamers call.\n\nAn abatement of 20 per cent. from the charge for the Return Voyage is made to Passengers who have paid full fare to or from ports eastward of Suez re-embarking within six months of their arrival, and 19 per cent. to those re-embarking within twelve months.\n\nThrough Tickets to Brindisi can be obtained of LEGEAU and Co., &, Baliter-street, B.C. (South Italian Railway Office).\n\nFor Rates of Passage Money and Freight and all other information, apply at the Company's Offices 122, Leadenhall-street, London; or Oriental-place, Southampton.\n\nOVERLAND ROUTE VIA MARSEILLES-MESSAGERIES MARITIMES DE FRANCE, CANNON-STREET - FRENCH MAIL STEAMERS LEAVE MARSEILLES (via\n\nON THE FOLLOWING SUNDAYS, at 8.0.) 10 A.M.-\n\nAva... Ponnai\n\nPriho\n\nMeikong\n\nSindh...\n\nProvence\n\nNov. 10\n\nNov. 24\n\nDec. 8\n\nFor\n\n...\n\nDec. 22\n\n...\n\nJan. 5\n\n...\n\nJan. 19\n\nAden, Galle, Singapore, Batavia, Saigon, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Yokohama.\n\nThe steamers of the 24th Nov., 22nd Dec., and 19th Jan. connect at Aden with the steamers for Bombay and Mauritius.\n\nThe steamers of the 10th Nov., 8th Dec., and 5th Jan. connect at Galle with the steamers for Pondicherry, Madras, and Calcutta.\n\nFor Alexandria and Naples.. Every Thursday (noon)\n\nSaturday, &\n\nConstantinople\n\nAlgiera\n\n+7\n\nThe Company's weekly steamers to Alexandria connect at Alexandria with the English mail steamers from Brindisi to Bombay.\n\nFor Passage, Freight, or Information, apply to the Company's Agent, 97, Cannon-street, E.C.; G. I. FLETCHER and Co., Liverpool: at the Offices of the Messageries Maritimes of France in Paris, Lyons, Bordeaux, and Marseilles; or to SMITH and Co., Rotterdam.\n\n* Passengers eastward of Suez securing their Berths in London are entitled to the conveyance of their luggage free to Marseilles.\n\nPENANG, SINGAPORE,\n\nand JAPAN, The following high-classed SCREW STEAM and SAILING SHIPS will\n\nbe despatched as under:-\n\nDestination.\n\nLast\n\nClass.\n\nDock.\n\nShipping\n\nday.\n\n39 in.\n\n39 in.\n\n10\n\n23\n\n16\n\n5\n\n4\n\n7\n\n0\n\n7\n\n0\n\n17\n\n7\n\n8\n\n13\n\n8\n\n1\n\nCount\n\nPrice......\n\n12 x 9\n\n12x12\n\n14x13\n\n14 x 18\n\n14x12; 14x12½\n\n16x16\n\n16x15\n\nPH.D. 68.444.\n\n7s. 1d.\n\n7s.\n\n7s.\n\n7s. 1¾d.\n\nWeight...\n\nCount\n\nPrice......\n\nWeight...\n\n4\n\nCount...\n\nPrice......\n\nWidth\n\nQuality....\n\n# 1\n\n16x15\n\n16x15\n\n8\n\nN\n\n9\n\n0\n\n$\n\n4\n\n9\n\n4\n\n70\n\n16x16\n\n16x18\n\n17x17\n\n19x10\n\n12x8\n\n32x32\n\na.\n\n7d\n\n8s.\n\n10s.\n\n10s.\n\non.\n\n18.\n\n4¾d.\n\n10s.\n\n6d.\n\nPeng, Sing..\n\n49/50 in.\n\n34 in.\n\n60 in.\n\nHg. Kg.\n\n& Shanghai, via S.C.\n\n35\n\n36\n\n39\n\n45\n\n46\n\n49\n\n56\n\n59\n\n*\n\n0\n\n3\n\n◊\n\n00\n\n10\n\n0\n\n10\n\n0\n\n11\n\n0\n\n12\n\n0\n\n14x10\n\n14x12\n\n16x15\n\n16 x 18\n\n14x10\n\n16 15\n\n16 x 15\n\n16x15\n\n10x15\n\nAT\n\nTo Naukin 8.8.\n\n10\n\n9\n\n10\n\n11\n\n12\n\n14\n\nA1\n\nShanghai\n\nCarmarthen-\n\nSWID\n\nNov, 25\n\nSWID\n\nTo follow\n\n3d.\n\n9s.\n\n4½d.\n\n10s.\n\nd.\n\n12s.\n\n6d.\n\n10s\n\n10¼d.\n\n12s.\n\n4¾d.\n\n13s.\n\n6d.\n\n14s.\n\nd.\n\nT-CLOTHS.\n\nWidth\n\ndz in.\n\n36 in.\n\nWeight\n\n6\n\n0\n\n8\n\n0\n\n7\n\n0\n\n6\n\n0\n\n7\n\n0\n\n8\n\n0\n\n8\n\n4\n\nCount\n\n14x18\n\n15 x 15\n\n15x15\n\n18x18\n\n18x18\n\n18x19\n\n18x18\n\nPrice\n\n15s.\n\n10¼d.\n\n8s.\n\n9d.\n\n6s.\n\n10¾d.\n\n7s.\n\n4½d.\n\n8s.\n\n4½d.\n\n8s.\n\n7½d.\n\n6s.\n\nhrI._4_5,\n\nફત\n\n7s.\n\nd.\n\n7s.\n\n4d.\n\n8s.\n\n0d.\n\n9s.\n\n0d.\n\n9s.\n\n8d.\n\n2.\n\n4.\n\n8.\n\nd.\n\nChina Grey Shirtings, 84 ½ lbs. (Eagle Chop)\n\nMaddapoliams .......\n\nLong Cloths\n\n9\n\nY\n\n3\n\n7\n\n10\n\n3\n\n9\n\n*\n\nB\n\nWhite Spot Shirtings ...\n\nBrocade...\n\nDamasks\n\nnominal)\n\ndo, do.\n\n11\n\n...\n\n11\n\n9\n\n21\n\n0\n\nNos. 28-32\n\ndo.\n\nNo.40\n\ndo. (mock)\n\nNo. 40 Mule Twist\n\nNo. 30\n\n4o.\n\nCotton Yarn Water Twist), Nos. 16-24\n\nChina...\n\nX\n\n0 to 1\n\n1\n\n2 to 1\n\n3\n\n1\n\n2 to\n\n1\n\n24 to 1\n\n24\n\n1\n\n0 to 1\n\n2\n\n...\n\nChin-Kiang,\n\nF.A.\n\nshire 1\n\n14 yr.\n\nB.I.D.\n\nWith des.\n\nYokohama\n\nDenbighshire\n\nAl 15 yr.\n\nE.LD.\n\nWith des\n\n* And to Japan if sufficient inducement offers.\n\nExcellent accommodation for first-class passengers.\n\nFor Freight or Passage apply to Nonnis and JOYNER, 126, Bishopsgate-street Within, E.C. (corner of Cornhill).\n\nO TEAM TO BANGKOK\n\n(Crossing the Tar) Via the Suez Canal, with all possible despatch, calling at Tanjong Pagar Wharf, Singapore.\n\nthe new, powerful, first-class screw steamer KROMATAH, 805 tons, 180-horse power, nominal, W. B. HAFFENDEN, Commander\n\nSouth West India Docks, Splendid accommodation for passengers\n\nFor Freight, Passage, or further particulars apply to SMITH, SON, and COLE, 12 George-yard, Lombard-street, London, E.C.\n\nJAPAN AND CHINA. Great Mail Route via New York and San Francisco.\n\nTHE\n\nPACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY, under their new arrangement with the United States Government, despatch the following magnificent STEAMERS, OF 3,000 tons burden and upwards, with Mails and Passengers, from San Francisco, on the 1st and 16th of every month, for Yokohama, Hiogo, Nagasaki, Shanghai, and Hong Kong, connecting at Hong Kong with the Peninsular and Oriental Line, for Ports in India;-\n\nAcopilen\n\nJanan\n\nGreat Republic\n\n| Abaddon\n\nColorado\n\nChina\n\nCosta Rica\n\nTies\n\nConstitution\n\nNew York\n\nGolden Age\n\nOre-ronian\n\nAriet\n\nReturning from Hong Kong on the 12th and 27th of every month\n\nThe Pacific Mail Steamship Company's steamers also leave New York on the 10th, 20th, and 30th of every month for San Francisco, via Panama calling en route at Kingston, Jamaica, and ports along the North Pacific coast.\n\nFor rates of fare from England, which include railway transit across the American continent, and other Information, apply to H. STARR and Co, Agents, 27, Moorgate-street, London.\n\nTNION PACIFIC RAILWAY.-\n\nTHROUGH LINE from NEW YORK to SAN FRANCISCO.\n\nSan Francisco 18 days from England.\n\n***......\n\nin $8\n\nJapan\n\nChing...\n\nin 44\n\n기\n\n\"\n\n**\n\n**\n\nNew Zealand in 42\n\nAustralia......\n\nin 47\n\nPassengers for California and Intermediate points on this road are now booked through from England at the established rates of fare; and from San Francisco to Japan, China, Australia, &c., by the magnificent steamers of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company and United States, New Zealand, and Australian Mail Steamship Company,\n\nFor Rates, Tickets, &c., apply to H. STARR and Co., Agents, 22, Moorgate-street, London,\n\nROUND the WORLD in NINETY\n\nA DAYS, by Steam and Rail, by Land and Sea,\n\nvia North America. Japan China, Sandwich Islands, New Zealand. Australia, Ceylon, India, Egypt, and Continent of Europa-By authority of the various mail steamship and railway lines comprising the above rates, FIRST-CLASS PASSAGE COUPON TICKETS are now issued for the ROUND JOURNEY, either by way of Japan and China or New Zealand and Australia, at one reduced and inclusive\n\nfare.\n\nThe route will be over the Great Union and Central Pacific Railway to San Francisco, passing through some of the grandest and most interesting scenery in the world. From San Francisco the tourist will be taken to Japan and China by the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, or to New Zealand and Australia, by the United States, New Zealand, and Australia Mail Steamship Line, and thence by the Peninsular and Oriental Company, via Galle, Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay (over the Grant Indian Railway) to Southampton, or London, via Brindisi,\n\nThe journey may be broken at any point, and resumed at pleasure\n\nFare, via China, £21; via New Zealand and Australia, £197.\n\nFor further particulars apply to H. STARR and Co., 22, Moorgate-street, London. Agents Union and Central Pacific Railway, &c.\n\nCA\n\nNow ready (November issue).\n\nNASTLE LINE OF STEAM PACKETS for PENANG, SINGAPORE, HONG KONG, SHANGHAI, JAVA, and JAPAN. The following high-classed and full-powered STEAMSHIPS will be despatched as under:\n\nSteamer.\n\nClays.\n\nGlenroy\n\nClentyson\n\nGordon Castle......\n\n100 AL\n\n100 AT\n\n100 A1\n\nGlengyle\n\n100 A\n\nDruminona Castle.\n\n100 A1\n\nBraemar Castle...\n\n100 AL\n\nCawdor Castle......\n\n100 AI\n\n100 A\n\nFloors Castle\n\n100 A1\n\nGlenartney\n\nTons.\n\nDock.\n\nTo sail,\n\nPort\n\n[Nov. 18, 1872.]\n\nOBERTSON and Co.'s\n\nof STEAM and CLIPPER SHIPS.\n\nSkip.\n\nClass\n\nDock.\n\nTo sall.\n\nBombay and Kingston.sa\n\nGoast Ports via S.C....90 A1\n\nSingap. and\n\nSaigon\n\nChas. Collet\n\n3.3rds\n\nPen.. Sing.\n\n[SWID\n\nNov. 21\n\nSWID\n\n¡With des.\n\nLL.1\n\n190\n\nAi 1.\n\nKg.\n\n& Sylvia, 8.8.\n\n3-5rda\n\nShanghai...\n\nvia S.C...\n\nLI\n\nSWID\n\nNOS.\n\n-\n\nYokohama.\n\nTulking......A\n\n14 yr.\n\nSWID\n\nWith des.\n\ni\n\nFor Fraight or Passage apply to York Chambers 55, King-street, Manchester; or to 16, Orange-court, Liverpool; or 5, Newman's court, Cornhill, London, B.C.\n\nPENANG, SINGAPORE, CUINA, AND JAPAN,\n\nD\n\nPort.\n\nHE following SPLENDID First-class STEAM and CLIPPER -SHIPS will be despatched as under :--\n\nShip.\n\nTo sull.\n\nClass.\n\nDock.\n\nShanghai\n\nSir Lancelot\n\nA1\n\n26 ye\n\nE.LD.\n\nWith des.\n\nDo...\n\nMaitland...\n\nA1\n\n14\n\nB.I.D.\n\nWith des.\n\nHong Kong\n\nUndine\n\nAL\n\n16\n\nTEID.\n\nWith des.\n\nJashepherd\n\n19 yr.\n\nSWID\n\nTo follow\n\nYokohama\n\nDenka........\n\nA\n\n17 yr.\n\nE.LD.\n\nWith des.\n\nDu...\n\nEliza Shaw\n\nAi\n\n17 yr.\n\nE.ID\n\nTo follow\n\nHinge.....\n\nHanover.....\n\nAX\n\nII ye\n\njW.I.D\n\nWith des\n\nPen.. Sing\n\nH.K.. Shag\n\n& Yoko\n\nFlintshire,\n\n2.3.100\n\nAL\n\nJE.I.D.\n\nDec. 5\n\nFor Freight apply to Kutztor, MARTIN, and Co., 10, George-yard, Lombard-street, E.C.\n\nSteam via the Suez Canal. To sail on the 25th Nov,\n\nFOR\n\n208\n\nSINGAPORE, YO-KOHAMA, and HTOGO (with liberty to call at Hong Kong), the splendid full powered screw steamer DUNA. 100 A1, 852 tons register, 150- * horse power nominal; Victoria Docks, Cargo deliverable at Japan without transhipment.\n\nFor Freight, apply to D. R. MacGREGOR, Esq, owner, Leith; to SMU, SENDTUS, and Co., 33, Gracechurch-street; or to Sax, MARTON, and Co, 2, Royal Exchange-buildings, London, EC.\n\nFOR Tanjong Pagar, SINGA. PORE--The following VESSELS\n\nare now on the barth in\n\nAuriga......\n\nGlenroy, s.s....\n\nLONDON.\n\n[Tons]\n\nBrokers.\n\nTo Sai\n\n18\n\nWright Bros. & Co.\n\nNov. 16\n\n2,500\n\nThos. Skinner & Co.\n\nNov. 20\n\nChin-Kiang, s.s.\n\n1,000\n\nNorris & Joyner...\n\nNov. 25\n\nKromatah.\n\n8.5........\n\nRosedale\n\n803,\n\nSmith, Son, Cole\n\nDes.\n\n1\n\n40\n\nWright Bros. & Co.\n\n¡Dec. 12\n\nLIVERPOOL.\n\nDeucalion, s.s.......\n\n1,506\n\nAlfred Bolt\n\nNov.20\n\nSarpolon, s.s.\n\n1,519\n\n......\n\nDec. 3\n\nSenle of wharf and dock charges may be had on application to the Company's London Agents, Mesars. MACTAGGART, TIDMAN, and Co., 34, Great St. Helens, E.C.\n\nST. JOHN'S CATHEDRAL,\n\nHONG KONG,\n\nCOMPLETION FUND.\n\n2,100\n\nSWID\n\nNov. 25.\n\nJUST before embarking from Hong\n\n2,200 (SWID |To follow\n\n2,000\n\nSWID ! To follow\n\n1,700 !SWID To foliow\n\n2,000 (SWID To follow\n\n2,200 (SWID To follow\n\n2,200 18 WID To follow\n\n2,000 (SWIDTo follow\n\n2,000\n\nSWIDj To follow\n\nFor Freight or Passage, apply to THOMAS SKINEE and Co.,, East India-avenue, London, EC.\n\nTEAM VIA THE SUEZ CANAL to PENANG. SINGAPORE, HONG KONG, and SHANGHAI; taking cargo for transhipment to Java, Japan, o., at through ratos at shippers' rak. Last shipping day, 25th November. The new and splendid fail-powered screw steamer CHIN-KTANG, 100 AL 1,220 tons gross; 800 tons net register: 160- horse power nominal. J. HOGG, Commander: Sonth West India Doeks. This magnificent steamer, just bailt by Messrs. C Mitchell and Co., Walker-on-Tyne, expressly for the China trade, bide fair to be one of the fastrat in the trade. Has splendid accommodation for first-class passengers,\n\nFor Freight or Passage apply to the owners, WATTS, MILBURN, and Co., 85, Gracechurch-street, F.C.; or to Norma and JoYVER, 126, Bishopgate-street Within, E.C (Corner of Cornhill).\n\nAll Packages must be marked distinctly with port of destination,\n\nKong, on Tuesday. Nov. 16, 1849, HRH the DUKE OF EDINBURGH was graciously pleased to lay the first stone of a choir for this, the moth Church of the Diocese of Victoria. The cast of the fabric has been shared by the Executive Government and the local community; and it is proposed, by a general sebseription among former residents in and visitors to China, to uravide the necessary furniture and Ettings Should suficient funds be raised, it is proposed to erect a stone palpit.\n\nThe Committee will gladly receive and forward any special gifts with which they may be eutrasted. This schone having receive the cordial approval of the Colmus Chaplain and the Trustees, is circulated by\n\nthe Executive Committe\n\nThe Rev. IV. R. BEACH, HA., Chaplain to the Forces, Canon of St. John's Cathedral, Hong Kong, and late Colonial Chaplain. CHAS. 8. GEORGE CLEVERLY. Esq. ROBERT S. WALKER, Esq. Hon. Treasurer,\n\nthe follies.\n\nBerkenhau.\n\nS.E. HERBERT LAURENCE, Esq., Hon. Secretary\n\n1, Royal Exchange-buildings.\n\nE.C. P.O. Orders to ba made payable at Cornhill, E.C.\n\nPristed for the Proprietorsby WooFF ALL and KINDER Milford-tane,Strand, W.C., and published by James WEST, at the Office of the LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH, 2, Cowper'a-court, Combill, in the parish of St. Michael's. in the City of London. Monday, Nov. 18, 1879.\n\nPage 210\n\nPage 211",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876",
        "page_number": 234,
        "title": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876",
        "content_text": "6\n\nbarracks, there are but few houses, and in the centre is a very peculiar tower on a raised base some 20 feet high, and on the top of the tower the national flag is hoisted.\n\nThe town of Hanoi is situated between the citadel and the river, and extending beyond the former in a westerly direction. The streets are wide and the houses good, and well built of brick in some of the principal streets, but there are numerous ones where the shops are merely mat erections in the usual Tonkinese style; with one exception—the main street from the river where the Chinese live—the streets are unpaved, and in wet weather almost impassable from the depth of the mud; but as shoes are an exception with the Annamites, this drawback to European comfort does not affect them. The sedan-chair of China, so convenient for locomotion, is unknown, the high authorities and those who can afford it being carried in a hammock of silk or hemp network suspended on a pole supported on the shoulders of two or four bearers, and enclosed in silk or cotton curtains. There is a great deal of stir and movement in the streets; the shops are well stocked with articles of native workmanship, especially bamboo work in all its varieties, silk and cotton piece goods, paper, pewter, and glass ware, boxes, drums of all sizes richly painted, lacquered and gilt, and coarse crockery and china ware. Fowls, ducks, geese, oxen, and pigs, are both plentiful and cheap, with abundance of fruit, bananas and vegetables, and fish. Rice is the staple food of the people, who look well-fed and healthy, and have a fair amount of muscular development. The women, however, appear to be the dominant class, for they work like the men as coolies and labourers, and preside in the shops. They are generally good-looking, carry themselves gracefully, and but for the practice of blacking their teeth, many might be called handsome.\n\nThe Tonquinese are evidently of the type of race which may be called \"transitional,\" beginning in India, of which Burmah and Siam are offshoots; changing in the Malay peninsula and Annam, and again in the southern borders of China, and so with China proper, where it ends in the Mongol feature. The gradations are strongly marked and can be easily traced.\n\nIn manner the Tonquinese and Annamites are quiet and, owing probably to the arbitrary Government they are under, subdued and indolent. The population of Hanoi, the capital, is estimated at from 150,000 to 200,000 Tonquinese, and about 3,000 Chinese. The French speak of the rule of the Annamite Government as oppressive and arbitrary in the extreme, and that the Tonquinese would gladly throw it off if possible. It may be and probably is so, being the case generally with all independent Asiatic Governments, but as a strong feeling against the Government exists among the French officials in Tonquin, such an assertion must be accepted with reserve. Undoubtedly a feeling of great disappointment exists at the sudden and complete reversal of the policy of Lieutenant Français Garnier, which I will refer to more fully hereafter, and the surrender to the Annamite Government of what may be termed his territorial conquests in Tonquin. Indeed, the present obstructive attitude of the Court of Hué is attributed to this cause, but not justly so,\n\nit is not to be expected that an independent but weak Government can look with equanimity upon the capture of their territory by a surprise, or accept the dictum of the captors that it is for their good and that of their people to preserve an armed neutrality and open the country to foreign trade under French supervision. However this may be viewed from a Western stand-point, certainly it finds no favour in the East, where the acts of the so-called civilized Powers are stripped of their garnish and reduced to the simple proportions of right or wrong, and if the latter, never forgotten or forgiven. Time and the passing away of generations may somewhat render the past into oblivion, but until that, to think what is gained by the sword can be held by the hand, is a mistake which the French are now seeing, and are chafing under the discovery.\n\nI have, I fear, dwelt too long on this subject, but it is one which so nearly affects the position of the French in Tonquin, that I may be pardoned in having been a little diffuse; but I will now proceed to give a brief resume of the political history of the Annamite and Tonquin Kingdoms, and the events which led to the occupation of the former by the French.\n\nTonquin is divided into thirteen prefectures or tsan; Thauh-noi, Thanh-ngoai, Hung-hoa, Nam thoung, Nam ha, Haidong, Kinh bae, Sontai, Caobang, Lang bac or Lang-von, Thai nguyen, Tuyen quang, Quang-yen.\n\nBoth Tonquin and Annam have, from almost time immemorial, been the scene of rebellions, civil wars, and bloodshed. Passing over the rather obscure history of these events, it will be sufficient to date from the year 1740–1786.\n\nAt that date Canhung was King of Tonquin, or Ngan-nan as it was called,\n\n1\n\n7\n\nand Hien Vuong was King of Cochin China, or Annam, but was so disliked by his subjects, that the influential family of Tayson revolted and killed him. He left a nephew, Nguyên Auh, who fled to Saigon on the death of his uncle. The heads of the family of Tayson consisted of three brothers: the eldest, Yin-yae, was a wealthy merchant; the second, Long-niang, was a General Officer of high rank; and the third was a priest.\n\nCochin was then divided into three parts: the north had been conquered by the Tonquinese; Hué was occupied by the second brother, Long-niang; and lower Cochin was governed by Yin-yae; whilst the third brother was religious chief of the whole Empire.\n\nNguyên-Auh, the nephew of Hien Vuong, who had fled to Saigon, determined to recover his kingdom from the three brothers of the Tayson family. At the time when Hien Vuong was killed there was a Catholic Bishop named Pigneaux de Béhaine, called Adran after his see, and he it was who saved the nephew Nguyên-Auh, and took him to Saigon, and henceforth devoted himself to replacing him on the Tonquinese throne.\n\nLong-niang, the second brother, then attacked the Tonquinese, and after expelling them from North Cochin, entered Tonquin in 1786, obliging Chin-long, the then King, to fly into China, where he ended his life at Peking, in exile.\n\nBishop Adran then took the eldest son of Nguyên-Auh with him to Paris, to obtain assistance from Louis XVI of France, and a Treaty of Alliance was signed on the 28th November, 1787, and Bishop Adran returned.\n\nIn 1791 Long-niang died, leaving a son twelve years old; and Nguyên-Auh, with the help of some French officers, brought from Europe by Bishop Adran, captured Yin-yae's fleet in 1793. In the same year Yin-yae died, and was succeeded by his son. Nguyên-Auh attacked and defeated the latter in 1796, and conquered what territory remained under the government of the son of Long-niang, and thus Cochin (Annam) was once more in possession of its lawful sovereign.\n\nThe conquest of Cochin being finished in 1811, Nguyên-Auh then turned his attention to Tonquin, the then King of which, Cauh-thiuh, the son of Quan-hung, he defeated in 1802, and being then sole sovereign of Annam, he assumed the title of Hwang-te, and the surname of Gia-long, by which he is best known, and since then Tonquin has been a province of the Annamite kingdom.\n\nIt may be observed that as far back as 1541 the Li family, the founder of the second dynasty, of which was Li-ki-mao or Li-by, were the recognized heirs to the throne of Tonquin, and although they were displaced by usurpers, they are still considered so, and some of its representatives are said to exist.\n\nSince the death of Gialong three monarchs have reigned in Cochin (Annam)—Minh Mang, 1820-1841; Thieu-tri, 1841-1847; and Tu-Duc, the present King; but although they owe their kingdom to the exertions of Bishop Adran, they have unremittingly persecuted Christians, For instance, Father Fernandez was beheaded on the 24th July, Bishop Henaris on the 25th June, and Bishop Delgado died in prison on 12th July, 1838. Finally, in consequence of the execution of Bishop José Maria Diaz, on the 20th July, 1857, and for other outrages, war broke out between Annam, Spain, and France, and this was followed by the victories of Admirals Rigault de Genouilly at Turon, on the 1st September, 1858; and Saigon, on the 17th February, 1859; Chasner at Kihoa, on the 25th February, 1861; Page at Mytho, on the 12th April, 1861; and Bonard at Bien-hoa, on the 9th December, 1861; ending with the Treaty of Saigon, of the 5th of June, 1862, by which the Provinces of Gia-dinh (Saigon), Dinh-tuong (Mytho), and Bien-hoa and the Island of Poulo Condor, in Lower Cochin, were ceded to France, and to these, on the grounds of intrigues and bad faith on the part of the Annamite Government, Vice-Admiral de la Grandière in June 1867 annexed the three western Provinces of Vinh-long, Chaudoc,\n\nand Hatien.\n\nI have thus as briefly as possible endeavoured to show how Tonquin became annexed to Annam, and Saigon came into possession of the French, and I will now proceed to give a résumé of the events which led to French occupation of Lower Tonquin.\n\nThe principal river in Tonquin, called the Ho-ti-kiang, but better known now as the Hung Keang in Chinese, and the Song Koi, or Red River, in Annamese, has its rise in Thibet, and is navigable from Manhao, the last city in the Chinese Province of Yunnan, and so down to the sea, a distance of 414 miles. Manhao is the entrepôt where goods are shipped to and from Tonquin and Annam, the mart being a more northern city, called Mongtsze, situated also on the banks of Song Koi, or Red\n\n229",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "page_number": 235,
        "title": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876",
        "content_text": "9\n\n230\n\n!\n\n8\n\nRiver, but called here the Ho-ti-kiang. Below Manghao, on the banks of the river, in Annamite territory, is situated the town of Laokay, two days' journey from the Tonquin capital, Hanoi. The Song Koi, or Red River, divides into various branches; the two southern ones meet above Hanoi. On one of them stands the town of Niuh-brinh; on the other, that of Nam-diuh and Hung-yen. These two branches communicate by canals, on one of which is situated the town of Fouli. Another branch of the Song Koi is the Thai-binh River, which passes by Hai-duong. Between it and the Hanoi branch of the Song Koi, or Red River, runs the Longchi Canal; and a third and very important branch to the north of the above named is the River Cam, which passes Haiphong; the mouth of the Cam is called the Cua Cam. The three northernmost mouths by which the Song Koi falls into the sea are called Dai, Lak, and Balat. The distance from the mouth of the river to Manghao in Yünnan is as follows:--\n\nFrom the mouth to Hanoi\nMiles\n110\n\nIlanoi to Soutay\n\"\n32\n\nSoutay to Annamite advanced posts\n\"\n87\n\nLackay to Manghao\n\"\n115\n\nAnnamite camp to Laokay\n\"\n70\n\nMiles from the sea to Manghao\n\n414\n\nIt is necessary to give this detail of the river communications through Tonquin in order that the position of affairs may be better understood.\n\nThe borders of Tonquin and Yunnan have for a long time been in a very disturbed state, being in possession of two clans or bands of Chinese distinguished as the Black and Yellow Flags. The men comprising them were originally under the Chief Tienti, the head of the Kwangei rebellion, and, having escaped into Tonquin, captured the town of Laokay, on the Red River; but the two Chiefs having quarrelled, they separated, and one portion took possession of Ko-yang, a tower lower down on the Red River, which places they still occupy, but are at war with each other, and each levies black mail upon all boats and goods passing into Yunnan, and thereby stopping the lucrative trade that had existed between Hanoi and that province.\n\nIn 1864 there resided at Hankow, in China, a M. Dupuis, who was engaged in the business of selling arms and ammunition to the Chinese then engaged in suppressing the Mahomedan rebellion in Yünnan. The distance, however, was long and the road difficult, and he was impressed with the idea that a shorter and better route could be found. He started for Yunnan, but the disturbed state of the country prevented him from following the course of the Song Koi, or Ho-ti-kiang, as it is there called, into Tonquin; but later on, in 1870-1871, he was more successful, and found the river was navigable from Manghao; and having ascertained that fact, he returned to Yunnan, and obtained large orders for arms and ammunition, which were to be brought viâ the Song Koi through Tonquin.\n\nIt was necessary, however, to obtain permission from the Annamite Government to cross Tonquin with these arms and ammunition, and Dupuis' Agent, M. Millot, explained his plans to Rear-Admiral Krantz, the Chef de Cabinet of the Navy Department, who obtained for him an audience from the Minister, Vice-Admiral Pothuon. Dupuis requested, as there was no regular communication with Annam, a passage to be given him in a gun-boat to Hué, to obtain this permission, and after some delay he received, under date the 9th April, 1872, a letter from the Directeur des Colonies, saying he had written to the Governor of French Cochin China to comply with his request if compatible with his duties, and MM. Dupuis and Millot having returned to Saigon, it was arranged that the despatch-boat \"Bourayne,\" Captain Lencz, should go to Tonquin to afford them protection. Two condemned British gun-boats---the \"Firm\" and the \"Cockchafer\"---had been purchased at Shanghae, and put under the French flags under the names the \"Hoong Kiang\" and the \"Lao Kay.\"\n\nMr. Dupuis left Hong Kong on the 26th of October, 1872, with the \"Hoong Kiang,\" towing a steam-launch, and the \"Lao Kay,\" towing a Chinese junk with coal and artillery. Including Messrs. Dupuis and Millot, the expedition numbered twenty-three Europeans and ninety-six Asiatics, Malays, Chinese, and Japanese.\n\nOn the 9th of November, they arrived at the Cua-cam River, in Tonquin, where the \"Bourayne\" was, but Captain Lenez had gone to Hanoi. Dupuis then went to the southernmost mouth of the Song Koi, but was recalled by a note from Captain Lenez, requesting him to return as soon as possible to be introduced to the Royal Commissioner Li, who had military command of the Provinces of Quang yen, Hai dzong, and Hung yen. On the 19th Li arrived, and the object of the expedition was explained, and the official Chinese documents were shown to him; but he said, though all was in order, he must refer to Hué for instructions. On the 4th of December no answer had been received from Hué, and Li hinted that none would be received for several months. Dupuis then decided not to wait any longer, and he wrote to Commissioner Li that, as the waters of the Cua-cam were very bad, he would go up the river.\n\nAfter several attempts to find a channel, the way to the Red River was discovered, which the expedition entered on the 18th of December, with a salute. Their proceedings were detailed to me by a very intelligent man called Captain George, a Greek by birth, who was with the expedition. The Annamites were greatly excited, and large bodies of troops were out. An attempt was made to erect a barrier across the canal, flanked by a fort, which opened fire upon the vessels; but that was soon silenced, and they arrived at Hanoi on the 22nd of December without further opposition. There the Mandarins promised to assist them up the river, but, in fact, prevented M. Dupuis hiring the boats he wanted; and on discovering this he determined to continue the journey, but was unable from want of water. Finally, he succeeded in hiring four boats, and on the 18th of January, 1873, he started with three of them, the steam-launch, and a Chinese interpreter, leaving the remainder of the expedition with M. Millot at Hanoi, and taking with him altogether twelve Europeans and twenty natives.\n\nOn the 1st of February, the expedition passed the last Annamite camp, reaching the head-quarters of the Yellow Flags on the 10th. Here he was entertained by their Chief Hoang Tsong-yu, and after leaving his territory he entered, on the 20th, that of another Chief, Lun vinh-pline, the Black Flags, who lives in the city of Lao Kay; and on the 25th he left this-the last town in Tonquin-and finally arrived at Manghao, in Yunnan, on the 4th of March, and leaving his material behind, he reached Yunnan-fu on the 10th. Here he found he had arrived too late with his arms, for the Mahommedan stronghold of Tali-fu had been surrendered to the Imperial troops on the 8th of January, and Ma, the Chinese Commander-in-chief, did not require them, and said, moreover, he had not the means of paying for them, but there was a quantity of tin from the mines which he might have, and which Dupuis accepted, but was able to remove but little of it for want of means of transport; and finding his expedition a commercial failure, he returned to Hanoi, which he reached on the 10th of April, and found the Annamites preparing to attack the Expedition, having closed two branches of the Song Koi and barricaded the river above Hanoi to prevent its escape. By mistake, however, the Longchi Channel, which begins a little above Hanoi, and runs into the Phai-binh River, was left open, and Dupuis, who had enlisted about 100 Chinese, was able to make good his retreat, though occasional skirmishes took place.\n\nThe Ministers of Tuduc, the King of Annam, seeing no means of getting rid of M. Dupuis, wrote to Admiral Dupré, who sent him, through the Annamite authorities, an order to leave Tonquin at once, saying that his presence in the country was a source of annoyance, and if the command was not obeyed, he (Admiral Dupré) would not consider himself responsible for the consequences. In reply, M. Dupuis stated that he had neither coal nor funds, and could not leave the country. M. Millot, however, arriving at Saigon on the 13th of July, with a relation of the Titu of Yunnan, and a Mandarin named Li (whom the Viceroy of Canton told me he would behead if he could get hold of him), called on the Admiral, and so represented the matter that he suggested a delay of three months, and assisted M. Millot in obtaining a loan from a bank under the guarantee of the Colonial Secretary. M. Millot then returned to Hong Kong and purchased a small steamer, and named her the \"Manghao,\" and a junk, which he called the \"Lao Kay,\" and sent them, with ten men from Hupih, to Tonquin.\n\nAfter the departure of M. Millot from Saigon, Tuduc, the King of Annam, sent two Envoys to Admiral Dupré (August, 1873) to tell him Dupuis refused to obey his order. To this the Admiral replied by telling them they ought to have expelled him themselves. They answered they were unable to do so, and requested the Admiral to send a man-of-war to Tonquin to assist them.\n\nThe action of Admiral Dupré in this matter was calculated to mislead both M. Dupuis and the Annamite Government. He certainly gave assistance to the former both by steamers and money, and at the request of the latter he recalled Dupuis from Tonquin, and when the Envoys sent by the King Tuduc requested the fulfilment of his order, he hesitated to enforce it; and it was this hesitation which brought about the complications that resulted in grave responsibilities to the French and loss of independence to the Annamites. I may here mention that, during the interval which\n\n[608]",
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        "content_text": "sources already in the passion of Malget. \n\nYun Lelf. will see that M. Depuis conclusion is that \n\nAnnam las \n\nbut \n\ngiven Kothring Signetine \n\na that practically \n\nis more closed. \n\nTham Li \n\nFrety, the Country \n\nThan Ever. \n\n(Sol) Lyon \n\nSAMEDI 2 DÉCEMBRE 1876. \n\nL'ÉCONOMISTE FRANÇAIS. \n\nrait de celte province, au milieu de populations non-set- lement inoffensives, mais sympathiques, et de fonctionnaires dont de nombreux cadeaux fai conciliaient la bonne grâce. Arrivé au Yan-Nan, il y recut le meilleur accueil des mandarins, auxquels il fit voir sans peine dans l'ouverture du fleuve Rouge on moyen de remédier à la mauvaise situation que la guerre civile, d'une part, le défaut de débouchés, de Fautre, avaient faito à leur province. Le Yun-Não est resté jusqu'ici un pays pauvre, I produit cependant assez de vivres pour la nourriture de ses habi- tants, et ses vallées sont très-fertiles; mais, pour les articles industriels, tels que les tissus et les vêtements, il dépend tout à fait des provinces voisines, car on n'y récolte, pour ainsi dire, ni coton ni soie, mais, en échange des marchan- dises qu'il demande, Je Yan-Nan peut offrir, indépendaument de ses thés de qualité supérieure, les riches produits de son sous-sol, For, l'argent, le fer, le cuivre, le plomb, l'étain, le zinc, le mercure, la houille. Toutes ces richesses demeurent par malheur à peu près inexploitées, faute de moyens d'écoulement, les transports par la Chine elle-même étant d'une grande difficulté et d'une lenteur extrême. Le fleuve du Tong-Kin une fois ouvert à une navigation libre et régul- lière, c'est par centaines de millions qu'il faudrait chiffrer la valeur des produits qui prendraient cette voie, pour pénétrer en Chine ou pour en descendre à la mer. \n\nLe moment paraissait d'ailleurs mal choisi pour une tentative de ce genre: la guerre civile était dans toute sa force, et on ne parlait de rien moins que d'abandonner la province aux musulmans. La commission du Mé-Kong y avait même couru un grand danger sans le savoir, celti d'être emprisonnée dans la ville d'Yun-Nän-Sèn, capitale da pasy, qu'elle venait à peine de quitter lorsque les insurgés l'investirent. M. Dupuis prit donc le parti de retourner à Han- Kéou et d'y attendre une heure plus propice, et pour la hater en tant qu'il dépendait de lui, il expédia aux troupes imperiales une grande quantité d'armes perfectionnées, parmi lesquelles des canons rayés de fabrique française, qu'accompagnaient des Européens chargés d'en enseigner lé maniement aux Chinois. Mais, en 1870, voyant que la guerre menaçait de s'éterniser, il n'y tint plus et gagna de nouveau le Yun-Nau par la voie du Yang Tse-Kiang, bien décidé cette fois à pousser à tout hasard jusqu'au fleuve Rouge. \n\nNotre compatriote y retrouva les autorités dans les mêmes bonnes dispositions où il les avait laissées: elles lui don- nèrent des lettres de recommandation pour divers chels qu'il devait rencontrer en chemin, et, se dirigeant au sud-ouest, il se mit en route. A Tong-keou, le maréchal Ma, qui assiégeait cette ville, lui donna une escorte de treute hommes commandée par un mandarin militaire, auquel il adjoignit un inandarin civil, Arrivée à Mout-Ze, cette escorte refusa de le suivre plus loin, mais les auto rités lui en fournirent une seconde et il s'avanca resold- ment vers la haute vallée du Song-Koi, malgré les bruits peu encourageants qui circulaient sur les tribus indépen- dantes de cette vallée. Mais, près de franchir les bautes crêtes qui l'en séparaient, il fut de nouveau délaissé par son escorte, pen désireuse de s'engager dans une région que les habitants des plateaux tiennent pour être très-insa- lubre, et ce ne fut pas sans beaucoup de dangers, de ta- tigues et de privations de toutes sortes que le couragenx voyageur atteignit le Hong-Kiang, ou fleuve Rouge, nom que la grande artère fluviale du Tong-Kin porte en Chine ou sur le territoire des tribos indépendantes, et qu'il doit à la couleur de ses eaux. Il le descendit jusqu'à Kouen-Ce, premier poste amamite, et comme on ne l'aurait pas laissé le franchir, il dat borner là son exploration. Aussi bien pouvait-il considérer son but principal comme atteint: il avait, en effet, acquis la certitude qu'à partir du point où il était arrivé, le fleuve ne présentait pas d'obstacles à la navigation jusqu'à la mer. La voie nouvelle présentait sur celle de Bhâm l'avantage de pouvoir être utilisée de suite sans aucuns travaux; elle répondait aux besoins commer- ciaux, non-seulement des provinces chinoises de Yun-Nan, de Sze-Tchuen, de Kouci-Tcheou, de Kouang-Si, mais -encore da Tibet, du Laos, du Tong-Kin, et ouvrait de belles perspectives au commerce du monde entier, mais surtout à celui de la France. \n\nDe retour au fun-Nâu, l'intrépide explorateur y reçut des mandarins le meilleur accueil, et tous lui manifestèrent un vif désir de voir le fleuve Rouge s'ouvrir au commerce de leur province. Le royaume d'Angam étant tributaire du Céleste-Empire, les Chinois avaient déjà le privilége de commercer avec le Tong-Kin, et il semblait aux autorités de Yun-Nâu qu'elles étaient d'autant plus fondées à réclamer la libre circulation sur le Song-Koi, que ce cours d'eau y a \n\nses sources et sa vallée supérieure. Elles donnèrent done à M. Dupuis des pouvoirs en règle qui lui permettaient d'organiser une expédition, et grâce auxquels il espérait ve- nie à bout de sa tâche sans trop de peine. Il fallait bien envisager cependant l'hypothèse où les Annamites lui re- fuseraient obstinément un libre passage et où il faudrait recourir à la force pour se le frayer. Mais cetto perspective laissait M. Dupuis sans grande inquietude. Les renseigne- ments qu'il avait recueillis durant ses excursions parmi les tribus sauvages du Tong-Kin nord occidental ne lui avaient pas communiqué une haute idée du courage des Annamites. Voyez, lui avait dit un des chefs montagnards, voyez mes » homines; ils n'ont que des lances, et cependant une > centaine d'eux font fuir un millier d'Annamites. Ils fuient » à toutes jambes et ce n'est qu'en embuscade qu'il offrent quelque résistance. » Ce dire avait bien paru à M. Da- puis quelque peu vantard; mais il avait eu depuis l'occa sion de le contrôler, et il en avait reconnu toute l'exacti- lude. \n\nAvant de se lancer dans son entreprise, il jugea opportun de se rendre en France, et c'est là que nous le retrouvons eu 1872. Il avoue sans détour que les personnes auxquelles il s'ouvrit de ses projets lui tinrent un langage tres-découra- geant. Elles lui dépeignaient avec force la mauvaise foi et la cruauté bien connues des mandarins annamites; elles lui représentaient le Tong-Kin en proie à la guerre civile, le pays très-montagneux, le fleuve très-encaissé et la facilité avec laquelle on pouvait en intercepter la navigation, ainsi que les Chinois l'avaient fait jadis pour le Pei-Ho; elles lui ontraient enfin son einbouchure occupée par des troupes de pirates, bien décidés à n'y laisser pénétrer personne. Le propre des convictions robustes est d'avoir réponse à tout, et aucune objection n'était capable de refroidir l'ar- deur de M. Dupuis, son enthousiasme même : « Voyez, » répliquait-il, ce que les Anglais savent faire dans des \n\n• circonstances moins favorables que les miennes; il fant » de la persévérance, un peu d'énergie, et c'est tout. Il était très-désireux néanmoins de se concilier l'appui, au moins moral, de son pays; et c'est à cette fin qu'il fit des dé- marchies près du ministère de la marine. L'accneil qu'il en reçut fat, il le reconnait, des plus bienveillants; mais on ne lui cacha point que, dans les circonstances actuelles, la France ne pouvait faire que des veux pour son succes. On ferait officicusement pour lui tout ce qu'on pourrait, mais sans s'engager. C'était à lui de se frayer un passage à sos risques et périls, et si un sort funeste devait mal- heureusement lui échoir, oa n'interviendrait pas pour venger sa mort ou celle de ses compagnons. \n\nLe 14 avril 1872, M. Dupuis quittait la France, ot, le 15 mai suivant, il prenait terre à Saigon, où le général d'Arbaud, gouverneur par intérim, le recut fort bien, et d'où il repartit bientôt pour se rendre à Shang-Hai et y procéder aux derniers préparatifs de son expédition. Revenu à Saigon, le 12 septembre, il y anodifia ses in- tentions premières qui avaient été d'abord de se faire con- duire à Hae, capitale de l'Annam, sous la protection du pavillon français, et il prit le parti de gagner directement avec ses gens, le goile du Tong-Kin. Il fut toutefois con- venu entre lui et le gouverneur qu'un vapeur francais croiserait, à tout événement, dans les parages de Hai-Phong, où l'expédition devait rallier. Elle se composait de deux canonnières à vapeur, d'une chaloupe à vapeur, d'une grande jonque, auxquelles un bateau à roues s'adjoignit plus tard, et que montaient 150 hommes, dont 25 Européens et le restant Malais, Chinois, Manillais. Pour l'équiper et pour Farmer, M. Dupuis avait dù engager toute sa fortune et faire, à part une certaine somme qui fut versée entre ses mains par les autorités de Yun-tan, Lous les premiers frais de l'entreprise. Mais une convention en règle lui as surait 10,000 piculs d'étain, calculés à forfait sur le picd de 100 francs chacun; il devait, en outre, vendre pour le compte des mandarins et à valoir sur ses propres dépenses, 12,000 autres piculs de cuivre; on lui promettait enfin une large part dans l'exploitation des mines; le tout, en somme, constituant des conditions tris-avantageuses, comme il en convient lui-même. \n\nLe 8 novembre 1872, l'expédition mouillait près de llaï- Phong, et y trouvait l'aviso le Bourayne, commandant Senez, que le général d'Arbaud, lidèle à sa promesse, avait dépêché Pour lui faciliter l'entrée du Song-Koi. Le delta de ce fleuve est uu immense dépôt d'alluvions formées par les détritus qu'il entraîne à l'époque de ses hautes eaux, et le littoral est si bas qu'il est très-difficile d'en reconnaître les bouches, outre que de nombreux hauts-fonds rendent cette opéra- tion périlleuse. M. Dupuis l'éprouva lui-même, ca essayant de pénétrer tour à tour par celles de ces bouches qui por- \n\n7001 \n\n315",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876.txt",
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    {
        "id": 305403,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 144,
        "title": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "(3455 141)\n\nAlthough I pressed the Viceroy to state the precise date on which His Excellency would arrive at Hongkong, he declined to do so on the ground that he did not wish to put His Excellency, the Governor to trouble any on his account.\n\nI have &c. (signed) A. W. Bewlet,\n\n**VISIT TO HONGKONG OF HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR GENERAL LAU KWAN-YIH**\n\nThe following is extracted from the report in the \"Daily Press.\"\n\nThe visit which His Excellency LAU KWAN-YIH, late Viceroy of Kwangtung and Kwangsi and Viceroy elect of the Two Kiang, which term includes the three provinces of Kiangsu, Kiangsi and Nganhway, paid to His Excellency Governor HENNESSY on Saturday last, the 24th instant, is an event of considerable importance in more than one respect. Although many Chinese officials of high rank have on various occasions paid visits to Government House on passing through the Colony en route for some other place, this visit of Viceroy Lau is certainly the first instance in the history of Hongkong in which a Chinese dignitary of such high rank has gone out of his way to come expressly and signalize his personal friendship with an English Governor and his sense of the entente cordiale between the Hongkong and Canton Governments. It is evident that Chinese officials consider that the position which Governor HENNESSY has all along taken in his relations to the Chinese Government as well as to the Chinese population of this Colony, has materially contributed towards cementing the friendship happily existing between England and China. The Marquis of TSENG gave utterance to this feeling on his passing through Hongkong en route for London. CHUNG HOW repeated the same sentiment on his visit to Government House a few weeks ago; whilst LI HUNG-CHANG and TING YIH-CH'ANG have in private correspondence expressed in similar terms their recognition of the attitude Mr. HENNESSY has taken in Chinese affairs.\n\nLast Friday night, shortly before midnight, Viceroy Lau arrived in harbour, without previous announcement of any sort, direct from Canton, accompanied by a small flotilla of gunboats. Early on Saturday morning he sent word to Government House that, having handed over the seals of office to his successor in the Vice-royalty of the Two Kwang provinces, and not yet having taken over the seals of the Vice-royalty of the three provinces of Central China to which he had been appointed, he availed himself of the only spare day he had before his official departure from Canton, to come in person to Hongkong in order to reciprocate the feelings of personal friendship which had sprung up between Governor HENNESSY and himself since his tenure of office in Canton, and to thank him for the great influence which his Chinese policy in Hongkong has exercised towards cementing the good relations existing between the Governments of China and England. His Excellency the Governor sent Major PALMER, A.D.C., at once on board, to arrange the time and place of landing, and twelve o'clock was fixed as the time when Viceroy Lau was to land at Murray Pier. The Commandant of the neighbouring town of Kaulung, Colonel Lai, applied for and received permission to land a company of Chinese marines at the pier, to act as escort to the Viceroy. Half a dozen Chinese military officers of the Viceroy's staff landed their strangely caparisoned steeds and awaited the landing of their chief. This drew a large crowd of Chinese spectators, although the population were generally unaware of the arrival of the Viceroy, the Chinese papers of Saturday morning having announced that Viceroy Lau would pass through Hongkong the following week on his way to Peking. Owing to the presence of the Chinese marines and military officers, who crowded the pier, the guard of honour furnished by Her Majesty's 27th Inniskillings drew up at the corner of Murray Barracks, to salute the distinguished visitor. A few minutes before noon, the Viceroy landed at Murray Pier, where Major PALMER, R.E., A.D.C., Dr. EITEL, the Governor's Chinese Secretary, and the Canton Commissioner of Customs were in waiting. As His Excellency left the Tsing-po, a salute was fired from H.M.S. Victor Emanuel, and on landing he was received with a salute from the Royal Artillery at the Wellington Battery. The Viceroy was accompanied by his Aides-de-Camp, Colonel LAI, and Major U TA-SHING and his interpreter, Mr. SIEH YAO-KWANG, Acting Assistant Magistrate of the Nam Hoi District. Sedan...",
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    {
        "id": 308865,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-193 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 205,
        "title": "CO129-193 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "Wong nai-chung \n\nSau ki wán, \n\nShái wán, \n\n10% \n\nNo. 5. RETURN of the POPULATION of HONGKONG, exclusive of the MILITARY and Naval DEPARTMENTS, &c., \n\n3rd April, 1881. \n\n  \n    \n    WHITE.\n    CHINESE.\n    COLOURED.\n    TOTAL.\n  \n  \n    \n    Males.\n    Females.\n    Males.\n    Females.\n    Males.\n    Females.\n    Males.\n    Females.\n  \n  \n    VICTORIA DISTRICT,\n    1,634\n    1,406\n    71,328\n    4,379\n    357\n    162\n    73,319\n    5,947\n  \n  \n    Chinese Residing in Victoria, in Employ of Europeans,\n    \n    \n    25,533\n    1,150\n    \n    \n    25,533\n    1,150\n  \n  \n    VILLAGES.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Shek-ò,\n    \n    \n    311\n    218\n    \n    \n    311\n    218\n  \n  \n    Tái tǎn-tuk,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Stanley,\n    \n    \n    2,201\n    1,073\n    \n    \n    2,201\n    1,073\n  \n  \n    Aberdeen,\n    \n    \n    119\n    94\n    \n    \n    119\n    94\n  \n  \n    Heong-Kong, Pok-fú-lam, Kau-lung,\n    \n    \n    203\n    190\n    \n    \n    203\n    190\n  \n  \n    Boat Population,\n    \n    \n    517\n    312\n    \n    \n    517\n    312\n  \n  \n    Temporary Residents,\n    \n    \n    960\n    345\n    \n    \n    960\n    345\n  \n  \n    Prisoners,\n    \n    \n    162\n    169\n    \n    \n    162\n    169\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    425\n    210\n    \n    \n    425\n    210\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    6,435\n    2,586\n    \n    \n    6,435\n    2,586\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    17,961\n    \n    \n    \n    17,961\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    11,028\n    11,373\n    \n    \n    11,028\n    11,373\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    17,961\n    \n    \n    \n    17,961\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    5,233\n    \n    \n    \n    5,233\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    11,028\n    \n    \n    \n    11,028\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    162\n    26\n    \n    \n    162\n    26\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    604\n    28\n    \n    \n    604\n    28\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    2\n    \n    \n    \n    2\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    654\n    28\n    \n    \n    654\n    28\n  \n  \n    TOTAL,\n    1,634\n    1,406\n    108,097\n    44,761\n    357\n    162\n    110,088\n    46,329\n  \n\nRegistrar General's Office, Victoria, Hougkong, 1st June, 1881,\n\nJOHN GERRARD,\n\nActing Registrar General.\n\nNo. 6.- ABSTRACT of RETURNS furnished from each House occupied by CHINESE, in the COLONY of HONGKONG, stating Number of Persons resident therein, and Mortality.\n\nNo. 7.----ABSTRACT of PARTICULARS in regard to CHINESE POPULATION of HONGkong and Kau-LUNG,\n\n  \n    \n    MEN,\n    WOMEN.\n    Boys.\n    GIRLS.\n    TOTAL OF EACH PLACE.\n    MORTALITY.\n  \n  \n    City of Victoria.......\n    62,744\n    17,253\n    8,579\n    8,280\n    96,856\n    3,358\n  \n  \n    In employ of Europeans,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    VILLAGES.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Wong-nai-chung,\n    239\n    152\n    72\n    66\n    529\n    \n  \n  \n    Shau-ki-wán.\n    1,777\n    740\n    424\n    333\n    3,274\n    \n  \n  \n    Shái wán,\n    88\n    65\n    39\n    29\n    213\n    \n  \n  \n    Shek-ò,\n    150\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Túi-tán tak,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Stanley,\n    139\n    120\n    64\n    70\n    393\n    39\n  \n  \n    Aberdeen,\n    23\n    11\n    13\n    86\n    30\n    \n  \n  \n    Heong-Kong,\n    398\n    216\n    119\n    96\n    829\n    \n  \n  \n    Pok-fú-lam....\n    818\n    236\n    142\n    109\n    1,305\n    83\n  \n  \n    Kau-lung,\n    89\n    96\n    69\n    73\n    321\n    \n  \n  \n    Total,..\n    5,395\n    1,783\n    1,040\n    803\n    9,021\n    \n  \n  \n    Grand Total,..\n    76,251\n    21,676\n    10,824\n    10,340\n    118,991\n    3,846\n  \n\n1. Shau-ki-wán includes San T'siin, Hung-Heung-lò, Tung Lo Wán, Pak Shui Wún, Tefat-tsze-inúi, Shin Tsing Wau, Wong Kok Tsui, and A' Kung Ngain.\n\n2. Shek-ò includes Hok Tsui and To-ti Wán.\n\n3. Stanley includes Tái-t'ám and Wong Ma Kok.\n\n4. Aberdeen includes Ap-li-chan.\n\n5. Pok-fú-lam includes Lap Sap Wan.\n\nRegistrar General's Office, Victoria, Hongkong, 1st June, 1881.\n\nJOHN GERRARD,\n\nActing Registrar General.\n\n  \n    Countries.\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Kwei Obaú,...\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Not stated, ...\n    18,497\n    718\n    19,215,\n    \n  \n  \n    Che-Kiang, .\n    3\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Kan-Soo,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Shan Tung,\n    21,251\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Hoo-pee,\n    113,462\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Hoo-Nan,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Kiang-Nan,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Austria,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    India,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Sydacy,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Persia,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Wan Nam,\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Grand Total,...\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nVictoria,......... 62,744 17,263 8,579 8,280 96,856\n\nKau-lung,......... 9,322 3,573 2,050 1,660 16,608\n\nGrand Total,.. 138,462 \n\nJOHN GERRARD,\n\nActing Registrar General.\n\nPage 202",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 173,
        "title": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "# THE CHINA REVIEW\n\nWithout greatly caring what the educated native thinks on the matter. If missionaries wait to use methods which seem suitable till educated Chinese are other than very much opposed to them, they will have to lay in a large stock of patience.\n\nThe specimens which Dr. Burdon gives of what he calls Cantonese colloquial equivalents for man li and Mandarin phrases, which are to be used in the mechanical manner he advocates so strongly, do not inspire one with much faith in him as an authority on the subject—the conjunction “and” is twice translated by 與, which can only be properly used when \"and\" means \"together with.” \"Mutually\" is twice rendered 衆, which means the multitude, is the recognised colloquial equivalent; for \"Kingdom\" is given 國, which would be quite unintelligible in ordinary conversation, as any one can speedily discover. For \"to bind (as a girdle)\" 束 one should say 束住, and that is instead of should be.\n\nFor \"to have leprosy\" which should be rendered 發瘋 or 發痲瘋, Dr. Burdon gives 生癩, an expression used of an eruption of small pustules, a kind of itch disease. \"Caused him to have spasms\" is rightly 縮攣一陣好似抽筋, the expression given. 插埋一邊 means \"move this away.\" \"To be cast into prison\" means 被監禁, not simply 收監; \"to be sick\" is 有病, not 生病, which means \"to be taken ill,\" whilst for \"he straitly charged him” either 懇切囑咐 or 仔細叮囑 would be an improvement.\n\nBishop Burdon in these pages has given good proof that two years study of Cantonese, with twenty years of Chinese scholarship to boot, will not enable anyone to say with authority what really constitutes good vernacular. As there is no royal, so is there no episcopal road to Chinese. The acquisition of a dialect requires as nice and accurate study and as much concentrated labour as the highest man.\n\nThe best fate that could possibly befall Dr. Burdon's Primer would be its relegation to the limbo of literary oblivion. Best for the author's fame and for the peace of mind of future students of Chinese. It is a compilation, and to this fact some of the errors may be owing, but as D'Israeli says, \"Abridgers, Compilers and Translators are now alike regarded with contempt; yet to form their works with skill requires an exertion of judgement, and frequently of taste, of which their contemners appear to have no due conception. Such literary labours it is thought the learned will not be found to want; and the learned cannot discern their value; still if undertaken at all they should result in works which the learned may with confidence place in the hands of those whose feet stand where theirs were once planted, at the foot of the eminence which leads to knowledge if not to fame.\"\n\nA thoroughly satisfactory Primer of the Chinese Language is yet a desideratum. Should such appear it would meet with a hearty welcome; meanwhile let Primer writers lay to heart the sage remark of Mencius 博學而詳說之將反說約也.\n\nS.\n\n## THE LAW OF INHERITANCE.\n\n55\n\n## THE LAW OF INHERITANCE.\n\n(Continued from Vol. V., page 251.)\n\n### DECISION OF CHANG MEI YEN.\n\nRecovery of Debts---Guarantee.\n\nThe prostitute Chang Yu appears to have borrowed Tls. 24 from Yang Mei-yu, and although a number of years have elapsed has not paid it.\n\nBeing hard pressed to make payment, one Chu Sheng-ming, a dissolute fellow, who had some acquaintance and connection with her, took pity on her and made himself responsible in her place.\n\nWe know the proverb, \"A thousand taels of gold for a smile;\" but he should have considered his ability first, and cannot claim that he meant nothing when he acknowledged his responsibility. As a deed appears to have been drawn up at Sheng-ming's request, the creditor is quite right in bringing his claim against him, nor is he to be pitied, for, if Miss Ya turns virtuous, she will probably recompense him hereafter, while, if she remains as she is, he will not have lost his money without getting some pleasure for it.\n\nHe acted of his own free will without compulsion, and the matter is moreover too vile to be brought into Court; having acknowledged the debt for his pleasure, he repents now he has satisfied himself; let him be flogged for his dirtiness and stupidity.\n\n### NOTE.\n\nThe course taken by the Magistrate is worthy of remark in that it differs from what would probably be followed by European Courts. Instead of punishing the immorality of the parties by a refusal to entertain the case, the Magistrate decides the questions before him, and takes distinct notice of the immorality by punishing the offending party for his specific misconduct.\n\nIf the obligation of a debt be transferred by deed to a third party, the action must be brought against him, and if it appear that he was a voluntarily consenting party he cannot plead the immoral nature of the consideration received.\n\n### DECISION OF SHAO SIN YEN, SUB-PREFECT OF YO-CHOV.\n\nRecovery of Debts.\n\nIn this case before me, Yen Chêng-chien and Yen Chu-shan appear to be brothers, and Lei Lien to be Chu-shan's father-in-law. Chu-shan appears to have gone to Kiang-hsi to trade, to have borrowed Tls. 200 odd of the head of the family, to have lost it all and died.\n\nHis partner Yiu-tsê-sheng thereon made a row, with monkey tricks and mocking-bird talk, and tried to make out that Chêng-chien was equally liable with his brother.\n\nCheng-chien naturally declined to acknowledge his liability, asserting that his brother's ways differing widely from his—the one being a merchant, the other a student—they had long before divided the family property.\n\nOn this first Chu-shan's clothes and slave-girls were put against the debt, then his landed property, and being all insufficient, Lei Lien neglecting to advise his daughter... \n\n170",
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        "id": 319725,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "page_number": 280,
        "title": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "content_text": "## Part III of Report by Sir T. Wade, dated July 14, 1877.\n\n### III.\n\nTo come now to Section 3, relating to trade. The case with which I have had to deal requires, I regret to say, a considerable amount of explanation.\n\nBy Article X of the Treaty of Nanking, signed in August 1842, the Government of China agreed to establish at the five ports then thrown open to British trade a Tariff of export and import customs, and other dues. It further agreed that when British merchandize should have once paid such dues and customs, it might be conveyed by Chinese merchants to any province or city in the interior of China, on paying a further amount as transit duties, which amount was not to exceed a certain percentage on the Tariff value of the goods.\n\nThe ratifications of this Treaty were exchanged at Hong Kong in June 1843, but the percentage on value to be levied as transit duties not having been fixed, a declaration was signed by Sir Henry Pottinger and the Imperial Commissioner Keying, the same Plenipotentiaries who had negotiated the Treaty of Nanking, to the effect that the charges to be levied as transit duties should not exceed the rates then existent; these, said the Declaration, being on a moderate scale.\n\nThe ratifications of the Treaty, it was added, were exchanged subject to the above stipulations.\n\nIn October of the same year a supplementary Treaty was signed, to certain provisions of which, although it was subsequently abrogated, it will be necessary elsewhere to direct attention.\n\nAt a later period, I am unable to say precisely whether by Sir Henry Pottinger or by his successor, Sir John Davis, there was published, in 1844, a Table of the barriers or stations recognized by the Board of Revenue as those at which transit dues were leviable; leviable, that is to say, on account of Imperial, as distinct from Provincial, revenue.\n\nThat local dues not accounted for to the Board of Revenue did at the time exist there is little doubt, but of the nature or amount of these we have no published official evidence.\n\nThe date of the Code of the Board, from which the list above referred to was translated, was, unless I am mistaken, 1818, not 1881. So late as 1850 I was unable to procure a more modern edition. My reason for directing attention to the date will be seen in due time.\n\nFrom an early period our merchants complained that inland charges were pressing fitfully and unduly upon their trade, import and export. So far as the latter was concerned, indeed, the Treaties extant in no way protected produce on its way to a port of shipment against any charges that the Chinese might choose to impose upon it. Our imports, by the Declaration of 1843, were certainly entitled to exemption from all charges inland not authorized before that year. Yet their annual rise was insisted on by the Chinese purchasers of our goods, and having no access to the interior, for the Treaty of 1842 gave us no more than a right of residence at the five open ports, we were unable to gainsay their testimony; the truth of which, besides, with our knowledge of the irregularity of Chinese finance, there was no reason to question. This, even up to the year 1849-50, when the insurrection, subsequently known as the T'ai Ping, was beginning to make itself felt in the southern provinces of China, and the needs of the Government, real and pretended, became a ground of appeal to the patriotism of those who were assumed to be best able to contribute to the necessities of the State, or, to speak more correctly, were most accessible for purposes of abnormal taxation.\n\nThese would be, for many reasons, the mercantile classes.\n\nThe Imperial revenue, which, in normal times, may amount to some £15,000,000 sterling, is beholden for more than two-fifths of this total to the tax assessed on land in three degrees. In an insurrection much of the land is of course thrown out of cultivation, and even where this is not the case, much of the land-tax is beyond the reach of the collector. The land-tax is, at the same time, the one impost which it is absolutely dangerous to raise. A direct augmentation of it would, at any time, be the surest means of producing a rebellion. Abnormal taxation of trade, on the other hand, is attended with no such result. In one instance, where the wholesale and retail dealers were taxed according to their ledgers, and with such freedom, that the sums exacted were held to amount to cent. per cent. upon value, the people closed their shops until the rate of charge was lowered; but the iniquity produced no rising; and although through the Censorate and other channels of representation the native trading communities continue now to protest to the Throne against the burden laid upon them, the Government has comparatively little difficulty in levying very heavy \"patriotic contributions\" in one form or other; not solely for war expenses, as it is common to assert, but for other expenses of the Government, general or particular. The sale of the lower offices, or of high official rank, is but one form of abnormal taxation. This, however, does not otherwise than remotely affect trade. The taxation immediately concerning it is that known as the li-kin, or li-kiuen, the nominally \"one per mil contribution,\" which has for more than twenty years borne with increasing weight, not only upon the trade in foreign imports, but upon all departments of commerce in China, inland or maritime.\n\nThe Treaty of Tien-tsin signed by Lord Elgin in 1858 secured by Article IX to British subjects the right of access under passport, whether for business or pleasure, to all parts of the Empire. It added by Article XI to the five ports above enumerated as open to trade, the ports of New-chwang, Chefoo, Tai-wan, Swatow, Kiung-chow, Chin-kiang, Kin-kiang, and Hankow, and by Article XII it obtained a right to purchase land and to build, not only in the port towns, but in their immediate vicinity.\n\nI note this stipulation, because I shall have to recur to it when I come to speak of abnormal taxation upon trade within or beyond the limits of the ground at most ports more particularly set apart for the residence of foreigners; the foreign settlements or so-called \"Concessions.\"\n\nBy Articles XXVI and XXVII, it was agreed that the Tariff of 1843 should be immediately revised, and that for the time to come a fresh revision should be made every ten years; and for the regularization of the taxation of trade inland, it was agreed by Article XXVIII, that any British subject desiring to convey produce purchased inland to a port, or to convey imports from a port to an inland market, should be enabled, if he chose, to clear his goods of all transit duties by payment of a single charge. If he did not choose so to clear his goods, he would have to pay the duties leviable, whether upon native produce or British imports, between open port and inland centre. The amount of duties leviable in the latter case was to be declared within four months of the signature of the Treaty.\n\nThe Tariff of import and export duties was duly revised in the autumn of 1858; but the Declaration promised in Article XXVIII was not ready. In the then state of the Empire it was impossible that it should be. Up the valley of the Great River, and throughout the central provinces of China, the Tai-P'ing rebels, although their consistency had been much impaired, were still in force. Six years were yet to elapse before the recovery of Nan-king. The provisions of Article XXVIII were consequently modified; and in Rule 7 of the Regulations appended to the Tariff, it was agreed that the Article in question should be interpreted as declaring the amount of transit dues legally leviable upon merchandize imported or exported by British subjects to be one-half of the Tariff duty leviable at the port of shipment or entry upon such merchandize. A British subject, desiring to clear imports inland by payment of the half-duty, would have issued to him, on application, a certificate, exhibition of which along the line of barriers through which the merchandize must pass to the inland centre specified would free the imports of all other charges. If he were bringing down produce for exportation from the interior, he was to have it inspected at the first barrier upon the line of transit, and he would then receive a Memorandum which would similarly clear this produce down to the barrier nearest the specified port of shipment. Here the half-duty would have to be paid. Unauthorized sale in transit of produce, entered as above for a port of shipment, would render it liable to confiscation. So would an attempt to pass produce in excess of the amount stated in the Memorandum. At the port of shipment permission to export produce, which could not be proved to have paid its transit dues, would be refused by the Customs. This arrangement rendered unnecessary the notification of inland Tariffs stipulated for in Article XXVIII of the Treaty. It should be specially noted that clearance, inwards or outwards, under its conditions, was not made obligatory. An option was left to the British merchant to avail himself of the new rule or not.\n\nBy Rule 5 of the same Tariff Regulations the restrictions affecting trade in various commodities heretofore declared contraband were conditionally removed. Of these commodities the first-named, opium, was the chief. It is unnecessary here to refer to the conditions regarding any other. The steps taken by the High Commissioner, Lin, to suppress the trade in opium, had been, it will be remembered, the immediate occasion of our first war with China. A proposal to legalize it had not been wholly unsupported by Chinese statesmen shortly before the time of the rupture, but...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "page_number": 291,
        "title": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "content_text": "## No. 3.\n\nFurther on Li-kin,\n\nEarly in the year 1875 the Censor, Wang Li-ching, addressed a Memorial to the Throne, which received the Imperial sanction, to the effect that, since the prevalence of disorders, the ordinary revenue not sufficing for the expenditure, offices to collect li-kin and systems of salt licences were inaugurated, and in Kiang Su, An Hui, and Hu Kuang, bureaus were established to sell salt; that such of these offices and bureaus as are in the provincial capitals are superintended by high officials, and are properly managed, but it is otherwise with regard to the subsidiary stations in the outlying districts, which are presided over by native gentry and elders, who, whenever a case arises, collude with the local authorities in aiding their friends and protecting them from justice; even the better class of gentry enter into private arrangements with suspected persons, and use their official influence to connive at smuggling.\n\nThe employment of gentry and elders in their own villages to supervise li-kin offices leads to abuses too grievous to mention. In An-Hui and Hu-Nan, to each of these subsidiary stations there is one seal of office and half-a-dozen officers who use it, and in other provinces there are other malpractices.\n\nThe Memorialist proposed, as a remedy to this state of affairs, that in future no one should be employed in his own district as wei-yuan (deputy of a superior officer) in the collection of li-kin.\n\nFurther, on the 23rd April, the Board of Revenue addressed a Memorial to the Throne, which also received the Imperial sanction, and which was to the following effect:\n\nLi-kin, though not a regulation source of revenue, yields more than any other impost, except land tax, salt, gabelle, and maritime duties. It is of three kinds: on miscellaneous goods, on opium, and on salt. It was first imposed in the beginning of the reign of Hsien Fêng to supply the necessary military expenditure, and now, though peace has been restored, it has to be maintained to supply contingents to Peking and to various disturbed provinces, and to pay the local expenses of maintaining order in the provinces in which it is raised.\n\nThe Board has frequently memorialized the Throne, praying that orders should be sent to the high provincial authorities to furnish it twice a-year with detailed accounts of li-kin receipts. In consequence of these Memorials, the Provinces of An-Hui, Kiang-Si, Hu-Peh, Fu-kien, Kwang-Tung, and Kwang-Si, have duly sent in these returns. Kiang-Su, Cheh-Kiang, Shan-Tung, Shan-Si, Hu-Nan, Yun-nan, and Fungtien (Manchuria), have either only reported the gross receipts, or have delayed sending the returns. Ho-Nan and Sze-Chuen have only sent returns of the li-kin levied on opium, and have not stated whether or not li-kin on miscellaneous goods is there levied. Chih-Li, Kwei-Chow, Shan-Si, and Kan-Suh have only furnished yearly Returns.\n\n| Province        | Status of Li-kin Returns                                      |\n|-----------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|\n| An-Hui          | Duly sent detailed accounts                                  |\n| Kiang-Si        | Duly sent detailed accounts                                  |\n| Hu-Peh          | Duly sent detailed accounts                                  |\n| Fu-kien         | Duly sent detailed accounts                                  |\n| Kwang-Tung      | Duly sent detailed accounts                                  |\n| Kwang-Si        | Duly sent detailed accounts                                  |\n| Kiang-Su        | Reported gross receipts or delayed sending returns          |\n| Cheh-Kiang      | Reported gross receipts or delayed sending returns          |\n| Shan-Tung       | Reported gross receipts or delayed sending returns          |\n| Shan-Si         | Reported gross receipts or delayed sending returns          |\n| Hu-Nan          | Reported gross receipts or delayed sending returns          |\n| Yun-nan         | Reported gross receipts or delayed sending returns          |\n| Fungtien        | Reported gross receipts or delayed sending returns          |\n| Ho-Nan          | Only sent returns of li-kin levied on opium                  |\n| Sze-Chuen       | Only sent returns of li-kin levied on opium                  |\n| Chih-Li         | Only furnished yearly Returns                               |\n| Kwei-Chow       | Only furnished yearly Returns                               |\n| Kan-Suh         | Only furnished yearly Returns                               |\n\nFrom the reports to hand, it appears that the total receipts on account of li-kin of the Empire are about 17,000,000 to 18,000,000 taels a-year; of this, only 1,200,000 or 1,300,000 are sent to Peking for the troops, and a few hundred thousand for public works; the rest is either retained in the province that raises it, or sent in contingents to disturbed provinces. It seems to the Board that the amounts retained are excessive, but as only a few of the provinces send in detailed accounts twice a-year, which are very vague as regards expenditure, and as the other provinces only report the gross receipts, the Board has no data on which to take action.\n\nAgain, where there is not a fixed amount of li-kin leviable settled, the Government has to rely on the integrity of the collectors; this is why the Board has asked for lists of the names of all persons employed at the subsidiary stations, so that regulations may be put in force by which rewards may be conferred on the meritorious, and the useless got rid of. As yet, the provinces have only sent Reports of the stations closed or opened, and have not given the names of the superintending officers, so that for several years past, the Board has not been able to bestow recompenses or inflict penalties upon them.\n\nFor the last few years, the receipts from li-kin have been falling short. The Board considers this decrease must be caused by malpractices on the part of the collectors, and quotes the Memorial of Wang Li-ching (an abstract of which is given above) in support of this view. It also quotes a Memorial of Censor Wang Chan-lao, praying that the provincial authorities should be directed to send in Returns of all the li-kin stations within their several jurisdictions. Under the above circumstances, the Board suggests the promulgation of the following orders:\n\n1. Detailed Returns of the three denominations of li-kin must be sent to the Board every six months.\n2. No person must be employed as branch collector in his own district. Such persons as are now so employed must be dismissed.\n3. Stricter supervision must be exercised over the subsidiary stations. Purchase of posts and extortion must be put a stop to.\n4. Li-kin must not be collected more than once on petty trade.\n5. There must be a wholesale suppression of unnecessary stations and barriers.\n6. There must be means of rewarding or punishing deputies according to their merits or demerits.\n\nThe Board believes that if the above rules are strictly adhered to, the receipts on account of li-kin will increase year by year.\n\nThere is another suggestion which the Board considers of still greater importance. The fact that there is no fixed amount settled of how much li-kin should be levied, that the Board has not been able to decide what percentage should be sent to Peking, and that the tax is paid at the station by the merchant, causes the li-kin to be quite a different kind of impost from the land tax, which is collected by Government. Hence, each province looks upon the li-kin it collects as its own money to do what it likes with, and the wei-yuan who collect it, not being responsible officers, have no fear of the consequences of their acts. The reason why the supervision of the high authorities has produced no satisfactory result is, it is believed, because these li-kin sub-collectors combine in sending false Returns and in embezzling the receipts; and it is on this account that, though the Board has asked for a list of the names of all these wei-yuan, it has never received them. The wei-yuan naturally fear that if once they give in a list of their names, there will be an end of their illicit gains, and take good care not to give it; the high authorities screen the wei-yuan, do not press for the list, and disregard the Board's Memorials. The Board, therefore, prays His Imperial Majesty to again order the provincial authorities to forward the Returns, Lists, &c., without delay, under penalty of degradation in case of disobedience.\n\nOn the 15th April, the Board of Revenue addressed a Memorial to the Throne, which has received the Imperial sanction, and which is to the following effect:\n\nOn the 3rd January, the Board received a Decree ordering it to report on a Memorial of Censor Hsu Ting-kuei, which stated that, though since 1864, the south and east provinces of the Empire had been restored to order, though land tax and Chinese duties in these yielded a revenue equal to that formerly raised, and li-kin and foreign duties had increased 100 per cent, no reduction had been effected in the army or militia. He accordingly suggested that Imperial Commissioners should be sent into the provinces to aid the provincial authorities to disband the militia and convert them into regular troops, so as to effect a saving in army expenses. He further stated that the provinces had not supplied the Board of Revenue with proper Returns of the receipts from li-kin, and instanced the Liang-hwai station, which sold more than 500,000 salt licences a year, and levied 84 taels odd on each licence. He calculated that if to this were added the sums raised by selling licences in Cheh-Kiang, Fu-kien, Kwang-Tung, and Sze-Chuen, the amount so realized could not fall short of some 12,000,000 taels, and that, if further li-kin on miscellaneous goods were added, the amount would be probably doubled. Very little of this money, however, reached the Imperial Treasury. He accordingly proposed that Commissioners should be sent to the provinces to report on li-kin receipts and expenditure.\n\nOn this Memorial, the Board of Revenue remarks that li-kin was first raised in 1861* to supply funds, then urgently required.\n\nIn 1868 and 1874, the Board called on the various provinces to furnish it with half-yearly Returns of the receipts and expenditure of the li-kin, and advised, in the latter year, the abolition of as many stations as possible.\n\nThe tax itself, li-kin, is only an expedient to which it was necessary to resort pro tempore. In the north and west of the Empire, peace is not yet restored, and military operations there entail an enormous expenditure, which, as well as the contingents to Peking, is entirely dependent on the li-kin.\n\nUnder these circumstances, it is evident that the Board would not for a moment allow false Returns to be sent in; the frequent Memorials of the Board are a proof of the attention it has bestowed on the matter, and it now takes this opportunity to again pray His Imperial Majesty to direct the attention of the provincial authorities to its Memorial of 1873, calling upon them for Returns of receipts and disbursements, and to abolish such tax-stations as can be dispensed with.\n\nThe Board considers that some confidence should be reposed in Viceroys and Governors, all of whom the Board feels certain deserve the high trust reposed in them, and that no Commissioners should be sent to report on li-kin, or to aid the provincial authorities in disbanding militia or in converting militiamen into regulars.\n\n*It began in 1853, if not earlier.-T. F. W.",
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    {
        "id": 319740,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "page_number": 295,
        "title": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "content_text": "## 291 \n\n134 \n\nsuch protection as that provided by the Agreement, the li-kin revenue must sustain a serious loss. \n\nIts fears are not without foundation. The further the boundary of the port-area is made to recede, the greater, of course, the chance of such loss. Shortly after my departure from Peking, the foreign Ministers there resident called upon the Chinese Government to withdraw its li-kin collectorates from the Settlements at Shanghae, not as a concession referable to my Agreement of the limitation of the port-area recommended in which, as I have stated, they disapproved, but in part satisfaction of the Treaty right of far older date by which foreign imports ought to be exempted, while between port and inland barrier, from all taxation in excess of Tariff. The Settlements of Shanghae, which cover a few miles of ground, are occupied in great part by a Chinese population of brokers and shopkeepers. These, of course, profited by the removal of the li-kin collectorates, and the Chinese of the same class inhabiting the city and suburbs of Shanghae let the authorities understand that, unless their burdens were similarly lightened, they should transfer their establishments to the foreign quarter. The authorities gave way, and for more than a twelvemonth I have reason to believe that no li-kin has been levied in Shanghae or its immediate vicinity, at least, not by collectorates of the old stamp. Some portion of it will be doubtless recouped from the trading guilds under another form or title of taxation. \n\nThe loss in opium revenue, I imagine, must be considerable, and if the Government of India be still averse to the intervention of the foreign Inspectorate in the collection of li-kin, I venture to hope that it will not be equally opposed to a certain increase of the Tariff duty, the li-kin tax being left as formerly, though at a comparative disadvantage, to take care of itself. \n\nIt has been urged that it is in violation of international practice to pledge a Government, as I desired to pledge mine, in a diplomatic instrument, to sanction the levy of a tax in the nature of a municipal or inland due in addition to a Treaty import duty, except as a commutation of such due, and with the view to placing the amount, defined and limited, under an international guarantee; further, that it is a mere form to maintain the Treaty limitation of the import duty, while, at the same moment, and at the same spot, the authorities are at liberty to levy what they like under the name of li-kin. \n\nThe authorities have, in reality, been free to levy what they pleased in addition to the Tariff duty ever since the Tariff came into operation in 1860, and they have taken advantage of their right, but, as I believe, solely with reference to the circumstances of the different ports of entry. It was this consideration that influenced me when I recommended that, if the corrupt and troublesome native Executive heretofore charged with the levy of the li-kin were to be stripped of their office, that tax, which the Chinese Government has the fullest right to levy, should be collected by the foreign establishment which has the exclusive collection of duties on foreign trade in its hands. I did not believe that the sale of Indian opium would be in any degree diminished in China by the measure, and this for two sufficient reasons, firstly, that Indian opium is a requirement of the Chinese people, and secondly, that the revenue derivable from it is sorely needed by the Chinese Government. \n\nAs to the suppression of opium-smoking upon moral grounds, I cannot think that for years it will be attempted; the habit is become too general. Native opium is produced in every part of the Empire that will bear the poppy, notably in the provinces of Yün Nan, Ssu Ch'uan, Kan Su, and Shen Si. In these and the districts adjoining them I doubt that Indian opium is consumed at all. In Manchuria the native opium competes with the Indian, and, as I have before intimated, it may one day come to pass that improvement in the cultivation of the poppy, and preparation of the drug, will place the foreign import at a disadvantage. But that day is not, in my opinion, near at hand; and meanwhile, so far as the Chinese Government is concerned, it is certainly discovering no tendency to encourage the development of a native opium trade; on the reverse, it formally protests against cultivation of the poppy, and although with some inconsistency the authorities levy li-kin upon native opium, its production is none the less interdicted. \n\nI have before me two letters written last August by a Chinese high in office, who is very anxious that the Chefoo Agreement should be ratified, and on this account doubtless what falls from him must be taken cum grano. Still, his remarks upon the native opium question are not undeserving of attention. \n\nHe is writing especially to deprecate any suspicion on our part that his own Government desires to foster the production of native opium in order to drive ours out of the market. \n\nAll evidence, he contends, points the other way. An Imperial Decree has recently been issued enjoining the Provincial Governments to prohibit the cultivation of the poppy within their respective jurisdictions. Whether success has attended this effort of the Central Government or not, he urges, it suffices to show the importance it attaches to the discontinuance of poppy cultivation; and this for the two-fold reason that, while addictedness to the use of opium demoralizes and ruins the people, cultivation of the poppy impoverishes the soil, and renders it unavailable for production of the necessaries of life. It has been brought to the notice of the Government that the increasing cultivation of opium had so interfered with the raising of cereals as in many places to have caused or aggravated the recent famine. Land formerly devoted to food-stuffs had been given up to the poppy. In years of plenty, consequently, the grain produced in the districts referred to was insufficient for the wants of the population, while in years of dearth the people were reduced to starvation, or had to emigrate as paupers. \n\n“As to our alarm lest home-grown should compete with Indian opium, there can be no prospect, he maintains, that the former will displace the latter. It is notorious that the poppy grown in China cannot produce good opium. Indeed, the quality of the Chinese product is so inferior that it is used only by those who would be unable to buy the more expensive Indian commodity, even were it imported duty-free, while the wealthier classes regard it as vulgar to partake of any other opium than Indian.” \n\nThere may be here some slight exaggeration. It is beyond doubt, at the same time, that the Indian opium is considered the more fashionable, as well as the fuller flavoured of the two. In Peking society, at least among the younger men who have time to idle together, it is become as much the usage to offer a visitor a pipe of opium, as with us to invite him to smoke cigars or cigarettes; and it would certainly not be considered good style to give him any but the foreign drug. \n\nThe letter goes on to affirm that the Chinese Government has no thought whatever of availing itself of the Chefoo Agreement to raise the li-kin on Indian opium to a prohibitory rate. It would be glad, he writes, to see its importation stopped altogether, were this possible, which the writer knows it is not. The Government is set upon the prohibition of opium cultivation at home; but this he knows can only be effected gradually. The Chinese Government, he adds, levy li-kin on native opium, as well as on Indian opium, and at the same rate. The last assertion I take leave to doubt. \n\nFinally, he declares that the sole object of the proposed simultaneous collection of li-kin and Tariff duty is the prevention of smuggling; the security, that is to say, of the revenue to which the Government is entitled when the drug passes out of foreign hands. \n\nI believe that there is much truth in this last statement. The Government is sorely in want of money; and although it is frequently chargeable in its local finance with suicidal eagerness to secure the golden egg, it must be admitted to have shown, on the whole, an intelligent tenderness in its treatment of opium li-kin. \n\nI give below a list of the open ports at which I have been enabled to ascertain, approximately, the rates of li-kin levied per picul on foreign opium. Of the li-kin on native opium I know nothing to be relied on. The tael is an ounce of silver estimated by the foreign Inspectorate as equivalent to 6s. sterling:- \n\n| Port | Taels |\n| --- | --- |\n| King-chow (Hü-nan) | 23.0 |\n| Swatow | 21.5 |\n| Amoy | 84.6 |\n| Foo-chow | 86 |\n| Ningpo | 32.0 |\n| Wên-chow | 40.0 |\n| Shanghae | 40.0 |\n| Chin-kiang | 16 |\n| Chefoo | 32.0 |\n| Tien-tsin | 18.0 |\n| New-chwang | 18.0 |\n| Hankow | 30.0 |\n\nThis list does not include the new ports of I-chang, Wu-hu, and Pak-hoi. The last is but a branch of Kiung-chow, and the rate of li-kin is probably the same at both ports. At Canton, Tam-sui, and Ta-kow, which do not either appear in the list, we may be sure that the li-kin is not below 20 taels per picul. At Canton it is certain to be much higher. \n\nI have before me the Returns of Trade at the Treaty ports for the year 1877, prepared under the direction of Mr. Hart, Inspector-General of the Maritime Customs, and chief of the foreign service, known as the Customs' Inspectorate, which are thoroughly trustworthy. I append the reprint of a Table extracted from p. 13 of this Return, showing the importation of opium into the open ports from 1870 to 1877 inclusive; and according to the data contained in this, I make out that of the 12,000,000 taels collected on the...",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "page_number": 312,
        "title": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "content_text": "## 168\n\n\"If, after all, the proposition to collect li-kin with the Tariff duty be not adopted, China may take it upon herself to increase the li-kin, or to devise some other scheme,” was a simple declaration to the effect that, inasmuch as China cannot but be anxious to promote the security of [her revenue on] opium, if protracted negotiations to that end lead to no result, it will not be in her power to throw [the whole question] aside, and give it no further heed. There was no intention to employ a threat.\n\nThe Grand Secretary Li's preference for the simultaneous collection of li-kin and Tariff duty was entirely in accord with the Yamên's selection of the project which appeared to them most satisfactory in the British Minister's note, and it is hoped that the British Minister will inform the Prince as soon as a reply to his telegram on the subject shall be received, in order that the matter may be taken into consideration as soon as possible.\n\nA necessary reply.\n\n(No. 39.) My Lord,\n\nNo. 78.\n\nSir T. Wade to Earl Granville, (Received August 3.)\n\nTien-tsin, June 3, 1882\n\nIn the preceding despatch I sketched the slow progress of the discussion, commenced in September 1876, of the question of opium taxation.\n\nBriefly to restate the case which demands a decision at the hands of Her Majesty's Government, in 1876 I proposed at Chefoo that, the li-kin Collectorates being excluded from the port settlements, within which the Chinese Government was undoubtedly free to levy li-kin on opium, the li-kin which must otherwise be lost to the Chinese by this exclusion of Collectorates should be secured to them by retention of the opium in bond until it was wanted for sale. The foreign Customs Inspectorate was then to collect the li-kin from the purchaser of the drug as it passed out of bond. The rates of li-kin being different at the different ports open to trade, I was in favour of the establishment of a uniform rate.\n\nThe average of li-kin per picul laid upon opium at the time I had reason to believe was little more than 30 taels. The Grand Secretary Li proposed, as the uniform rate, a li-kin of 90 taels, at the port, be it remembered; that is to say, independently of any farther taxation that the opium might become liable to in the interior. To this I objected, and his Excellency reduced the rate gradually from 90 taels to 60 taels. But this still appearing to me excessive, I undertook to recommend, in the terms of the Agreement, that the amount of li-kin to be collected should be decided, as heretofore, by the different provincial Governments, according to the circumstances of each.\n\nThis recommendation alarmed the Government of India, as exposing opium to a weight of taxation which might seriously interfere with Indian revenue.\n\nIt is still my impression that, had my arrangement been allowed to take effect, even for a term of probation, the fears of the Indian Government would have proved unfounded. But I could not say the same at this moment were the Government of India to decide upon adopting the provision of the Chefoo Agreement just as it stands. The alarm has been sounded, and some leading statesmen in China would not improbably attempt the taxation of foreign opium at rates that might endanger the life of the golden goose. When the Agreement was negotiated, I thought myself entitled to rely on the discrimination I had seen exercised in the treatment of opium at most, if not all, of the open ports. The li-kin was excessive at only two ports. At some but a light weight, a very light weight, was laid upon it. At some, where the native drug was competing, the li-kin rate on the foreign drug was kept purposely low. I would not answer now for the discretion of the authorities at all points, if no uniform rate were prescribed them. They might in due time, no doubt, perhaps in a very short time, discover the error of their ways, but I cannot but suppose that, while they were acquiring the necessary experience, the trade in opium, not to say the general trade—and in this opium plays financially an important \n\n## 169\n\npart—would be suffering in a fashion that the Indian Government might have had occasion to deplore.\n\nIt is naturally not without some reluctance that I abandon the arrangement to which I agreed, if, indeed, I did not suggest it, at Chefoo in 1876. But I conceive it my foremost duty, so far as opium is concerned, to consider by what means, so long as the trade in it lasts, the revenue derivable from it may be best secured on both sides, to China as well as to the Indian Government.\n\nThe danger against which precaution is chiefly called for, as much on one side as the other, is, in my opinion, uncertainty of treatment: taxation of opium on the principle of seeing how much it will bear. The echo of the anti-opium movement in England has had, no doubt, a certain influence in this direction. \"When you yourselves condemn the trade as immoral,\" a Chinese will observe, \"why not leave us free to tax it as we please.\" The plea for extraordinary taxation, as urged by such statesmen as the Grand Secretary Tso, is that, by high taxation the trade in foreign opium will be strangled. I am reserving my reply to certain arguments in favour with those who demand the immediate extinction of the trade on moral grounds, for statement elsewhere. Admitting for the moment the sincerity with which the vice of opium-smoking is proscribed by his Excellency and others, that in his case, at all events, the hope of extracting, meanwhile, a large revenue from the trade is for something in his policy, I hold proved by what I have quoted in the foregoing despatch from his own lips. I should be delighted to assist the Chinese Government in obtaining from the opium trade, so long as it lasts, the largest amount of revenue possible, but I am convinced that, under the direction of a man as tenacious and, at the same time, so little acquainted with the conditions of foreign intercourse, the revenue of China would suffer. This was the opinion spontaneously expressed by more than one Chinese official as soon as his famous Memorial appeared last year. Such a rate of duty as he proposes will prove an incentive to smuggling, it was remarked. The very suggestion of such a rate had an immediate effect upon the trade in opium, both native and foreign, to the serious disturbance of other trade. Dealers hastened to accumulate stocks, to the extreme inconvenience of the money market. I should view with the greatest concern any measure that would enable an official, as energetic and self-willed as the Grand Secretary Tso, to dictate his own terms in opium taxation. And he would be more or less in a position to dictate his terms, unless some definite rule were laid down by the Central Government; for, by his recent appointment to the Superintendency of Southern Trade—an appointment usually, as in this instance, conferred on the incumbent of his post, the Governor-Generalship of the Two Kiang—he would exercise, in all that regards foreign commerce, no inconsiderable dominion over the provincial Governments of the south, the provinces which most largely consume foreign opium. The Grand Secretary is personally popular with the large majority whom we should style the ultra-Conservatives of China, and who, his popularity apart, would approve a financial policy such as his. At the same time, a check upon his influence has been removed by the obligatory retirement of his less popular, but far more experienced, rival, the Grand Secretary Li. In the interest of the stability of the opium revenue both of India and China, I am entirely opposed to any arrangement that will commit it to a direction which, I cannot but fear, would be found perilously capricious.\n\nThe foremost requirement to be satisfied being, in my opinion, security against disturbance, I earnestly advocate acquiescence in the proposal that a uniform rate of li-kin be levied, and levied under whatsoever system it shall be agreed between the two Powers will satisfactorily secure both against loss.\n\nThe decision, I imagine, will be between two methods of collection. Either the Chinese Government will engage the services of an agency, be it native, foreign, or mixed, duly guaranteed, to collect their revenue, in which case the co-operation of the Governments of India and Hong Kong will have to be solicited; or it will entrust the duty to the Foreign Customs Inspectorate, who, so far as its functions on land are concerned, need not increase its staff by a single man; but who would have to add very considerably to its preventive service afloat; this reinforcement being so much off revenue. Any rate named, again, would have to be agreed to by, not only the British Government, but by every Treaty Power, except Russia, America, and Brazil. By a Decree published, I believe, in 1836, the Emperor Nicholas forbade participation in the opium trade. The prohibition has been renewed, with reference to the frontier, in the Russian Treaty signed last year. The United States have engaged neither to trade in, nor to carry opium, in the Treaty negotiated at Peking the year before last. Brazil has accepted the same engagement in its Treaty just ratified.\n\nIn both the last instances the Chinese Government proposed the stipulation, not, I am persuaded, in the belief that it was a step towards the extinction of the trade, but \n\n## 170\n\n[1703] \n\n2 X \n\n308",
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        "id": 320089,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "page_number": 53,
        "title": "CO129-206 - Public Offices & Others - 1882",
        "content_text": "## 154 \n\n**THE LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH**\n\nIn all cases in which Japanese, especially Government departments, are plaintiffs in our Courts, it is eminently desirable that the fullest investigation should be accorded, and the judgment based upon the clearest reasoning.\n\nSevere indisposition has compelled Mr. Martin Dohmen, H.B.M. acting consul at Yokohama, to take leave of absence. His place will be filled by Mr. J. J. Enalie, the senior member of the consular corps in Japan, with the exception of Mr. Russell Robertson, who is now acting judge of H.B.M. Court for Japan. The appointment of Mr. Enalie has been received with much satisfaction, because the nomination of Mr. Dohmen about three years ago was regarded as improper, in view of that gentleman's shorter service and inexperience. The appointment of Mr. Hannen to be acting chief justice of the Supreme Court for China and Japan has enabled the arrears of appeals to be cleared off. Several cases tried here in 1877, and appealed to Shanghai, have been decided; but the delay, expense, and anxiety have weighed heavily upon the suitors. The probability of Mr. Rennie being promoted to the chief justiceship of Shanghai and Mr. Hannen appointed to Yokohama is a gratifying prospect to the communities of both ports, where the gentlemen named are well known and highly esteemed.\n\nThe Kaitakushi, or Colonization Commission, a department of the Government which has been for years past regarded with the utmost aversion and suspicion, is now finally abolished, the government of Yezo being assimilated with that of other parts of the empire. Hakodate, Sapporo, and Nemuro are made the seats of three ken; and the business of colonisation will henceforward be attended to in a separate department in the two latter ken. This change will probably save the national purse seventy per cent of the former cost of this service under the loose administration of General Kuroda, who is now said to have resigned his office. Probably, finding his occupation gone, no other alternative was left for General Kuroda.\n\nThe settlement is a prey to fatty robberies and burglarious openings of warehouses and abstraction of portions of their contents. The police do not seem equal to the task of suppression or detection; and this, combined with the intolerable condition of the settlement, again suggests the necessity for the formation of a municipality in which the residents shall be properly and effectively represented. The new order in council contains references to municipal and land regulations applicable to the open ports of Japan, which revive the hope that we may eventually succeed in placing this settlement under our own control; and to enforce the observance of the regulations upon those whose defiance of all laws is now a standing reproach to, and testimony of the weakness and inefficiency of the courts of those nations enjoying extra-territorial rights yet unable to control their own people.\n\n[FEB. 21, 1882]\n\nIt is now stated that Mr. Shishido will not be removed from the Japanese Legation at Peking, but will return to his post in March. The Loochoo question is, according to the Japan Herald, likely to crop up again during the summer, and \"the foreign emissary of the Japanese Government, still tarries in Peking,\" where he is supposed to be endeavouring to do something in the grievance between the two Empires. The Echo du Japon also refers to the same question. Two Loochooan delegates, who visited Peking with the idea of enlisting the aid of China to recover the lost independence of their home, have recently committed suicide, driven probably to desperation by the delays and sinuosities of Celestial diplomacy.\n\n## KOREA\n\n## FUSAN\n\nA Japanese newspaper, the Mainichi Shimbun, recently printed a note to the effect that Ri-Saison, step-brother of the King, assisted by three formerly distinguished officials, had attempted to break out into rebellion; but that their scheme was nipped in the bud, and the conspirators were arrested. Now the same paper gives further intelligence from Seoul stating that the three ex-officials were beheaded and dismembered on the 2nd Dec. The heads were suspended by the hair from poles; and the arms and legs, roughly wrapped in straw, were put on piles of faggots, while the dismembered trunks were left lying on the ground at the foot of the same. The second names of the traitors were placarded on the exposed corpses, but not their family names. Ri-Saisen, in consideration of his being the nearest relative of the Sovereign, had his capital sentence remitted, and was exiled. Ri Reisboku, one of the would-be rebels, committed suicide in prison by biting off his tongue.\n\nRumours are afloat that the King has sent a message to Peking asking for arms and soldiers to expel the Japanese who have fastened on two settlements on the shore opposite the West Coast of Japan. All accounts agree that the Japanese are very cruel, and that the Koreans are minded to rise and massacre them. The Chinese, it is stated, are even more sensitive about Korea than about Loochoo.\n\nThe Government are about to establish Custom Houses, the working of which is to be on much the same principle as the one now adopted by China in collecting her revenue on foreign bottoms.\n\n## CHINA\n\n## PEKING\n\nA very serious quarrel took place some ten years ago between a military mandarin named Chen Kuo-jui and Li Shih-chung, Commander-in-chief of the forces of Kiang-nan. An edict appeared in the Peking Gazette in 1871, in reply to a memorial from Tseng Kou-fan on the subject, degrading the two officers for their unseemly brawl. The Shen Pao of Jan. 2 contains a proclamation by the Governor of An-hui to the effect that, acting on the Imperial authority, he caused Li Shih-chung to be arrested secretly on the night of the 1st of the current moon in a garrison, and then and there beheaded.\n\nWe have enjoyed, as best we could under adverse conditions of trade, the holidays incident to the season. Christmas was observed by foreign residents in various ways; and the new year by our Japanese friends. Poverty and stagnation are, however, too visible through the outward show of festivity; and it is evident that if this country is to maintain its commercial relations with the world to the satisfaction and advantage of those concerned, a thorough and radical change must be made in the restrictive laws which impede trade and embarrass every producer and merchant alike.\n\nThe mail via United States, originally intended to leave Jan. 10, is postponed to Jan. 21, to the great inconvenience of merchants here and the annoyance of those in China whose letters are on the way to connect here with the steamer that was to leave on the 10th. The withdrawal of the excellent and regular service of the P. & O. Steam Navigation Company has been a source of much loss and inconvenience to foreign mercantile interests in Japan; and the probability is that a memorial will shortly be addressed to H.B.M. Government praying for its restoration.\n\nA general meeting of the Asiatic Society has been held at the Chamber of Commerce, Tokio, the Rev. J. L. Amerman, Vice President, in the chair. Mr. Ernest Satow read a paper entitled \"Notes on the Early History of Printing in Japan.\"\n\nIt is stated that Mr. Tekeha Pinpei, President of one of the Provincial Assemblies, has been decapitated in his own house, and his wife mortally wounded by three unknown men, who announced that robbery was not their motive. It is supposed they were actuated by private spite, or had some political object in committing the crime.\n\nA serious mutiny among prisoners broke out in the prison at Hamamatsu, Shidzuoka ken, on the 24th Dec. Eighty prisoners combined to escape, and made a desperate attempt to carry their plans into execution; but guard and police were at hand, and, by use of arms, the ringleader being shot dead at the outset, the revolt was subdued, but not until many were seriously wounded on both sides.\n\nThe Japanese newspapers state that the Miyee-kan, iron sheathed corvette, one of the three constructed by Sir E. J. Reed, on her return voyage from Persia, where she had been on a special mission, showed signs of deterioration, supposed to be due to defective construction.\n\n## DRAFT\n\nPage 55\n\nThe O.A.G.\n\nMr. ... \nMINUTE.\n\nPraesoni saful Дария\n\nMr. Wingfield.\nMr. Bramston.\nMr. Meade.\nMr. Herbert.\nMr. Courtney.\nLord Kimberley.\n\nsubmitted.\n\nb: 13.8.194\n\nit. Hoy Kay 51\n\nPii, 6948\n\nRECO\n\nREGO 16 APR 82.\n\n18April:82\n\nMy attention has been drawn to the ...\n\n678210\n\nthe Gleaner by Addicati\" to iding\n\nThe Courier reports that the Sub-Reader, Chang Chi Tung, has been appointed Governor of the Province of Shansi. This promotion is a remarkable one, from the fact that a Sub-Reader belongs to the fifth degree of rank, whereas a Governor of a Province is second in grade only to Viceroy, as the former has almost equal power with the latter, and has under his immediate command the whole of the military forces of his Province. A Sub-Reader, on the other hand, holds but an insignificant office, and the only importance that attaches to it is on account of the freedom of speech permitted in memorialising the Throne—a prerogative which is shared by the Censors. The sudden promotion of Chang Chi Tung from insignificance to importance is to be traced to his having written the famous memorial against Chung How and his more recent intrepid letter to the Viceroy Li Hung Chang. In politics Chang belongs to the Tso party, and he is regarded by them as one of their shining lights, destined shortly to blaze into the refulgence of a Viceroy.\n\nThe North China Daily News correspondent writes:--The French Minister and his family have arrived after a very considerable absence. The British Minister and Lady Wade have also arrived. It must be a source of the greatest pleasure to all Peking residents to see Lady Wade once more. Important negotiations with the Viceroy regarding opium duty have, it is reported, been occupying the attention of the British Minister and Chinese high officials at Tientsin, and doubtless the interests of the victims of the opium vice, as well as those of the two countries more especially interested, have not been overlooked by either statesman. Tsao Tsung-tang joined their deliberations at Tientsin on his way south. China has a few enlightened and able statesmen at present who seem determined to grapple with this enormous question. Very considerable interest is taken in the subject at present, and if nothing effective is now done it is to be feared another equally good opportunity may not arrive. It stands to reason that before the Chinese are able to drain their own ...\n\n\"I was ... from \"to \"monopoly there\"\n\n1 Feb. p. 162 Explow\n\nHannisy\n\nbyt? Kimberley privately. Oct. 6.\n\nRKA. Oct. 9.\n\nEnclosed extracts from the \"London & China Telegraph\" of the 13th and 22nd February, the meaning of which I am unable to understand and shall be glad to receive your ...",
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    {
        "id": 325162,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 422,
        "title": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure\n\n## INTERESTING MEMORIAL FROM THE TSUNG-LI YAMEN ON COAST DEFENCE.\n\nThe following translation of a memorial from the Tsung-li Yamen on the pressing necessity of coast defence and the need of quieting the dangers near at hand so as to guard well against those in the future is made by the N. C. Herald :\n\nThe Franco-Annamese question is somewhat different from the former Russian difficulty. Whether it is decided to preserve peace or to declare war; to act on the offensive or defensive, the dangers on the south-west will ever remain unchanged. When a foreign invasion is imminent, coast defence must not be for a moment forgotten. Annam and Kuangtung are connected with each other both by land and water, and troops have been ordered thither to guard (against any attack from the enemy). Military reports are now awaited from Peng Yu-lin and Chang Shu-sheng, and plans will be devised upon consulting them.\n\nBut let a review of the coast be taken. The Pai-yang (Northern Ocean) defence embraces Taku and Pei-tang and slightly watches over Lü Shan (Port Arthur); but the protection of Teng-lai is nil. The Nan-yang (Southern Ocean) defence includes the river and the sea with Kiang Yin as the strategical point, and guards Su Tai. As to Teng-lai, Ting Pao-chên in his Memorial considered Tengchow, Chefoo, and Wei-hai-wei as the essential points to be defended. The Governor of the Province (Shantung) however had erected only five forts in and near Teng Shêu Kau which are insufficient to well protect the coast.\n\nThe 800 marines under the Superintendence of the same Governor had been transferred by Li Hung-chang to the gunboats Chao-yung and Yang-wei of the Pei-yang squadron and whatever guns there are of the old pattern. When Wu Chang-ch'ing was instructed to organize the defence of that province, he had only a short time to act in and did not accomplish much. Now the inundation has come; our army and our funds are only capable of dealing with one point at a time and not sufficient to defend all the points at once.\n\nOur Yamen has repeatedly been devising plans and methods of defence on behalf of that province. It is not necessary to increase the garrison of Tengchow, as there is a chên tai stationed there. Wei-hai-wei from its natural advantages is very defensible. But Chefoo with its broad expanse of sea, and level sandy coast, a haven for merchant vessels, has ever been exposed to and sought after by foreign vessels, and therefore a heavy garrison is needed for its protection.\n\nAs Wu Ta-ch'êng watches over Lan-lo and Wu Chang-ch'ing is placed in Korea, they cannot be spared from their posts. The Throne is petitioned to instruct the Pei-yang Superintendent to select an able commander who will take with him trained soldiers from four to six camps and hold Chefoo. When Chefoo is secure, then both Lü Shan and Ka Tang will be safe.\n\nThe most important of the coast defence undertaken by Tso Tsung-tang is Po-mao Shan. The strait of Po-mao is situated 70 li east of the Chou Chi mouth and is the receptacle of the sea-flowing rivers of Soochow and Changchow. In the time of the Ming dynasty alarms were communicated by means of smoke signals at Po-mao to warn the people of a Japanese invasion.\n\nThe sea outside the strait is broad, and steamers pass and re-pass in it. The natural dangers of the place can be judiciously employed to make its defence effectual. The sea ports of Liu Ho, Ta-chien Fou, Hsü-liu Ching and others, through which the Capital of Kiangsu can be reached, are away from the Metropolitan city over a hundred li and are nevertheless to be defended.\n\nTsung-ming, an isolated island in the sea, relies solely on the chên-piao who commands but a weak garrison. If an alarm of war is sounded the isle is difficult for reinforcements to reach; every precaution for protecting the place should then be prepared beforehand.\n\nThe organization of the fishing brigade in the southern provinces is indeed an admirable idea; it prevents spies in the inland waters and can assist in harassing the enemy along the sea-coast. But fishing brigades may only be able to protect the people (in cases of need); they are of no avail in a battle.\n\nThe defence of Kiangsu needs more funds than can be spared; and if a tax is collected and militia instituted, people will ever be kept in a state of alarm and doubt. Therefore the Throne is petitioned to command the Fatai of Kiangsu, under the head of Winter Defence, to pick able-bodied men from the six or seven districts along the coast and class them in divisions of 300 each.\n\nThey are to be given rifles and ammunition and trained stuff year from three to five months in winter and spring; they will be able to handle their arms well and be thoroughly disciplined in that time. In peace they may detain and arrest salt-smugglers; in war they can patrol the sea-ports. In carrying this plan into execution, the funds will not be wasted, people will not be disturbed, and the many districts close to each other will rest in security.\n\nThe salt smugglers along the shores of the T'ai Hu who appear and disappear at intervals are doing a great deal of harm to the community and interfere with the organization of coast defence. It is imperative to crush any rebellious project on their part in the bud; then no danger will be apprehended from them at the rear when fighting an enemy in front.\n\nLet the Throne instruct the Fatai of the province to collect volunteer boats that they may capture these desperadoes and change them into loyal subjects; then land, sea, and lakes, (freed of them) may become tranquil.\n\nThe coast of the Min province is washed by the Che-yang (Chêkiang Ocean) and at the furthest end by the Canton sea. The government of this province requires an able official as the ever vigilant watching (for an opportunity to attack China) must be guarded against.\n\nIf the high authorities of the province consider tranquillity, and able rule, and not intent on devising plans for defence, at the first stir of the ocean's waves (war) Formosa, Peng-hu, and Amoy will be untenable. It is prayed that the Throne will bestow some thought on the province of Min either in appointing some able officials or decreeing some old generals to govern and protect it.\n\nThe isolated isle of Ting-hai, the port of Cha-pu, Ningpo, and Chou-shan in the province must be placed under the strictest surveillance. Some time ago a Decree was promulgated ordering Lin Ping-chang to take charge of the coast defence, who from his experience in war affairs will be able to bring it to an effectual state, and Your Majesties may rest at ease on that point.\n\nAnother matter, however, must be brought to the Imperial notice. The coast defence was instituted about ten years ago; the money expended on purchasing guns and ships amounted to tens of millions, and yet in case of war nothing can be relied on; the preparation for defence against Russian invasion cost the outlay over ten millions, and still the coasts are in a disorderly state.\n\nThe provincial authorities shirk their responsibility by complaining of the niggardliness of the Boards, while the officials of the Boards in turn fail in their duty by charging the provincial authorities with indulging in extravagant expenses. The dilly-dallying, the waste of time and opportunity, are all due to the faults of our Yamen.\n\nEven if the judgment of not censuring us, we cannot fool ourselves on the question of coast defence. The Yamen considers the protection of trade and defence of the coast to be two points of essential importance. The coast defence being in an unworthy state, it is not likely that trade will flourish.\n\nFrom this time forward let the coast defence be ever kept up in an efficient condition. The preparation which exists against the threats of the French today will be improved upon for defending the coast in the future. After receiving a Decree in reply to this Memorial, our Yamen will diligently study the naturally defensible points of the coast and the new invention of foreign gunboats, consulting with the Board of Revenue with regard to funds, with the Board of War in regard to tactics and military affairs, and with provincial authorities on procuring able commanders.\n\nWhen the country can remain at peace (without dishonour) or go to war (with confidence) then our reputation for being powerful will be established, and rebellious projects will be stifled. When preparation (for coast defence) begins, then danger ceases.\n\nPage 333\n\n**An unpublished decree from the Empress is also sent to us, but it contains nothing of importance beyond an expression of opinion on the part of Her Majesty that the schemes of the French are \"wily and insatiable.\"—ED.**\n\nPage 420",
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        "id": 332859,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-230 - Public Offices & Others - 1886",
        "page_number": 213,
        "title": "CO129-230 - Public Offices & Others - 1886",
        "content_text": "of 31st May, 1885\"\n\nin same paper approving W.O. (War Office) proceedings in the matter)\n\n? Refer to those deep talks\n\nWhat their wishes are now on this point, and say that these Requr will be transmitted to them\n\nthat in order to ascertain the views of the\n\nHarding\n\nthe Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce (see 1511\n\nthe waiting thinking, which Lord\n\nthings in framing is unable to say that any\n\nSAA\n\ndetailed and request to supply him with another copy of the print for communication to Worthing\n\nPlate sumes a\n\nFra 19. 19 July\n\nS.W.I.\n\nEuk\n\nhur\n\n2077\n\nuseful summary published\" apoor of the \"Dines\"\n\nIN. Meade\n\nArticle from this File now annexed\n\nCround\n\n8ug. 21/7\n\npreford.\n\na useful summary.\n\nRm 2117\n\nJuly\n\n2/\n\n33/3\n\narticle\n\nFrom \"The Times\" 20. July\n\nTHE COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA.\n\nThe negotiations between France and China for the arrangement of the terms on which trade is in future to be conducted across the frontier between Tonquin and China, which dragged their slow length along for nearly a year at Tientsin, have been completed, and the result of the labours of M. Cogordan, Li Hung Chang, and their numerous assistants has at last reached Paris for ratification. It might have been thought that, as political questions were settled and the delicate matter of delimitation got out of the way by the appointment of a joint commission, it would not be a difficult matter to come to terms for the regulation\n\nof a trade which is still in the clouds. But this has not been the case; over and over again the negotiations stood still for weeks because the representatives of the high contracting parties could not agree on some point. The French entered on the work with the idea that the result of the war entitled them to large concessions, and it is to be feared that the Chinese spirit was even less favourable to a speedy and satisfactory issue. They haggled over points to which they attached no importance themselves, and which, indeed, were of no special importance to either party, in a spirit that looked like mere contentiousness. They appear to have set out with the determination that the French should get as little as possible of what they wanted, whether the withholding of it was of benefit to China or not. French manufacturers expected great things from the war; they were taught all along that a new El Dorado was being opened to them; France was destroying the British commercial monopoly in southern and south-western China, she was cutting out England in the future; and with these great and flattering objects in view the war went on. The Chinese, on the other hand, were determined, as far as lay in their power, to show France that even in a commercial sense she had gained nothing by the war. Li Hung Chang, on being asked to let the French construct railways for China, contemptuously gave them permission to tender for a small line between the Kaiping collieries and Tientsin, and ultimately gave the contract to Messrs. Krupp. The Chinese had this further advantage in the contest (an advantage of which they have not now, as in the past, been slow to avail themselves) that they knew France would not go to war with them again over the negotiations. The nature of the treaty concluded under these conditions can easily be surmised. We look through it in vain for any of those advantages to French trade which were so confidently anticipated; our Chambers of Commerce and merchants can read every line of it without a qualm. There is no provision in it on which even the most nervous official or merchant can lay his hand and say—\"There may be danger to us there.\" Taken by itself, and apart from the antecedent and surrounding circumstances, the treaty is hardly worth a moment's attention; but when we recollect the hopes it has raised in one country and the fears it has caused amongst British merchants at home and in the East, when we reflect that this is the arrangement which was to destroy British commercial predominance in southern China and to blast our inheritance in future trade of south-western China, we cannot pass it by without interest or attention.\n\nWe shall, therefore, run rapidly seriatim through every clause of the treaty, giving the substance of each, with a few comments here and there, where they appear necessary, by way of elucidation. By the first article, China agrees to open two places to trade, one on the frontier beyond Langson, the second above Laokai; the first of these will give access to the rich and populous province of Kwangsi, the other to Yunnan. This provision is not new, as it was contained in the treaty of peace signed at Tientsin on June 9, 1885. China will establish customs stations at these places, while France gets the right to appoint Consuls to reside there. This clause also arranges the method in which the places are to be selected. In connexion with this clause, it is interesting to notice that one of the hitches in the negotiation was caused by the demand of the French to appoint an agent to reside at some important centre in Yunnan (Tali-fu and Yunnan-fu were mentioned), as we have an agent at Chung-King, on the Yangtze in Sze-chuan, but the Chinese were inflexible in their refusal. The second clause provides for the appointment of Chinese Consuls in Hanoi, Haiphong, and other towns in Tonquin, with favoured-nation treatment. By Article 3 both sides engage to assist the respective Consuls in obtaining suitable residences. Clause 4 provides for freedom of trade and residence for Chinese in Tonquin and trade and residence under the usual conditions for French in the open places in China. By Clause 5 it is agreed that only those persons armed with passports to be granted by the Chinese can cross the frontier. In this respect the French in Tonquin are at a disadvantage compared with Europeans residing on the coast, who can go and come freely. The 6th and 7th Articles are the most important in the whole treaty; they are also the longest, but their substance may be given in a few words. Imports across the frontier into China pay one-fifth less than the maritime customs dues, and exports one-third. Articles not mentioned in the tariff pay 5 per cent, ad valorem in each case, and all such goods pay the likin, or inland transit dues, in the usual way. On these clauses, which really form the crux of the whole treaty so far as British trade is concerned, two questions arise—What will be the effect of the trade through Tonquin on our trade in southern China? and, should we claim the most-favoured-nation treatment in respect of this reduction of the customs dues? To the first question two of our Consuls in the region affected have already replied that no injury will be done to our trade, for the difficult nature of the country to be crossed between the Red River and the valley of the Si-Kiang, or Canton River, has prevented, and will prevent, much trade by this route until the French construct railways to the frontier, and even then the opening of a port on the Canton River will counterbalance the French advantages. As to claiming the favoured-nation treatment, we did not do so in the case of the Russo-Chinese Commercial Treaty of 1881, and M. de Freycinet has intimated an opinion that the most-favoured nation treatment applied only to the open ports, and not to the land frontiers of China, a limitation of the favoured-nation clause in which Lord Salisbury did not concur. On the other hand, the Board of Trade recommended that the question should be fought on the ground of principle, which, it said, was all-important. \"If stipulations for equal treatment in the matter of duties are to be made to depend on, and to vary with the cost of transit (the ground on which the reduction of duties was made) there is an end of any certainty or clearness in the meaning of such stipulations.\" Notwithstanding this strong recommendation, we believe the Foreign Office has decided not to contest the question at present, and on the whole, perhaps, this is politic. It must be remembered that merchandise from Europe going into China by this route will pay two different customs dues—the first to the French authorities on entering Tonquin, the second to the Chinese on entering China. Discriminating duties existed, or existed until recently, in Tonquin. General Millot, when Governor, divided all imports into three classes, with different scales of duty—(1) Those of Indo-Chinese origin; (2) those of French origin; (3) those of foreign origin; each class paying higher duties than the preceding one. It will thus be seen that a trifling fifth or third diminution from a five per cent, ad valorem tariff can do little to help a trade heavily weighted with these discriminating duties from the moment it enters Tonquin. And even if French goods were admitted free into the latter, this reduction, amounting in the one case to one, in the other to one and two-thirds per cent., would be of little help towards meeting the enormous expense of carriage to Langson, not to speak at all of the distant Laokai. Besides, concluding that the game of fighting the point with France and China was not worth the candle, Lord Rosebery, no doubt, reflected that we shall shortly have the opportunity of claiming similar treatment in the trade across our new frontier in Burma. When France has completely pacified Tonquin, when she has rendered the Red River navigable and constructed railways to the frontier, and when she has remodelled the fiscal system of Indo-China so as to admit goods of French origin free of duty, these reduced dues might, if we have been at a standstill all the time, be of",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-240 - Public Offices & Others - 1888",
        "page_number": 194,
        "title": "CO129-240 - Public Offices & Others - 1888",
        "content_text": "# N. 131-11 DE JUNHO DE 1888\n\nOs direitos serão pagos pelo peso de cada mercadoria, depois de deduzida a tara. Se entre o negociante português e o empregado da alfandega houver dúvidas no fixar da tara, cada uma das partes escolherá um certo número de caixas ou de fardos dentre cada cem da mercadoria em questão, tomar-se-há o peso bruto desse volume, tirando depois a tara de cada um deles, e a tara média que resultar será a adoptada para todos.\n\nNo caso de qualquer outra dúvida ou contestação, aqui não designada, o negociante português poderá apelar para o seu cônsul, e este comunicará a questão ao superintendente da alfandega, e este fará por conciliá-la amigavelmente. A apelação, porém, só poderá ser atendida quando seja feita dentro do prazo de vinte e quatro horas; e, neste caso, até que a dúvida seja resolvida, não se poderá fazer nos livros da alfandega assento algum relativo às mercadorias em questão.\n\n## Artigo XXXIV\n\nAs fazendas avariadas terão uma redução de direitos proporcional à sua deterioração. No caso de haver dúvida, será resolvida como na cláusula deste tratado relativa às mercadorias que pagam direitos ad valorem.\n\n## Artigo XXXV\n\n1. Todo o negociante português que, depois de importar mercadorias estrangeiras em algum dos portos abertos da China e de satisfazer os competentes direitos, as quiser reexportar para qualquer outro dos mesmos portos, deverá fazer delas uma relação qual, para evitar fraudes, mandará ao superintendente da alfandega, que examinará pelos seus empregados se os direitos foram pagos, se as fazendas deram entrada nos livros da alfandega, se conservam as marcas originais e se os assentos dos livros estão em harmonia com o referido na relação. Achando tudo conforme, declarará no certificado de despacho, mencionando também o total dos direitos pagos, e de tudo isto dará conhecimento aos superintendentes das alfandegas dos outros portos.\n\nChegado o navio ao porto para onde conduz as fazendas, ser-lhe-á permitido desembarcá-las sem novo pagamento de direitos quando no exame delas se reconheça serem as mesmas. Quando porém nesse exame se descubra fraude, as fazendas poderão ser confiscadas pelo governo chinês.\n\nSe algum negociante português quiser reexportar para país estrangeiro fazendas que tenha importado com pagamento dos competentes direitos, deverá fazer dela uma relação, satisfazendo às mesmas condições exigidas na reexportação para os portos da China, pelo que se lhe dará um certificado de restituição de direitos (drawback) que será aceito em pagamento de direitos de importação ou de exportação por qualquer das alfandegas chinesas.\n\nOs cereais estrangeiros, que tiverem sido azidos a algum dos portos da China por um navio português, poderão ser reexportados sem embaraço, quando se não haja desembarcado porção alguma deles.\n\n## Article XXXIII\n\nDuties will be paid on the net weight of every kind of merchandise. Should there be any difference of opinion between the Portuguese merchant and the customhouse Officer as to the mode by which the tare is to be fixed, each party will choose a certain number of boxes or bales from among every hundred packages of the goods in question, taking the gross weight of said \"packages, then the tare of each of the packages separately, and the average tare resulting therefrom will be adopted for the whole parcel.\n\nIn case of any doubt or dispute not mentioned herein, the Portuguese merchant may appeal to the Consul who will refer the case to the Superintendent of customs. This Officer will act in such a manner as to settle the question amicably. The appeal, however, will only be entertained if made within the term of twenty-four hours, and in such a case, no entry is to be made in the customhouse books in relation to the said goods until the question shall have been settled.\n\n## Article XXXIV\n\nDamaged goods will pay reduced duty proportionate to their deterioration; any doubt on this point will be solved in the way indicated in the clause of this treaty with respect to duties payable on merchandise at valorem.\n\n## Article XXXV\n\nAny Portuguese merchant, who having imported foreign goods into one of the open parts of China and paid the proper duties thereon, may wish to reexport them to another of the said ports, will have to send to the Superintendent of customs an account of them, who, to avoid fraud, will direct his Officers to examine whether or not the duties have been paid, whether the same have been entered on the books of the customs, whether they retain their original marks, and whether the entries agree with the account sent in. Should everything be found correct, the same will be stated in the export certificate, together with the total amount of duties paid, and all these particulars will be communicated to the custom-house Officers at other ports.\n\nUpon arrival of the ship at the port to which the goods are carried, permission will be granted to land without any new payment of duties whatsoever, if, upon examination, they are found to be the identical goods; but if during the examination, any fraud be detected, the goods may be confiscated by the Chinese Government.\n\nShould any Portuguese merchant wish to reexport to a foreign country any goods imported and upon which duties have been already paid, he will have to make his application in the same form as required for the reexportation of goods to another port in China, in which case a certificate of drawback or of restitution of duties will be granted, which will be accepted by any of the Chinese custom-house in payment for import or export duties.\n\nForeign cereals imported by Portuguese ships into the ports of China may be reexported without hindrance, if no portion of it has been discharged.\n\n## Artigo XXXVI\n\nAs autoridades chinesas adoptarão em todos os portos as medidas que julgarem mais convenientes para evitar a fraude e o contrabando.\n\n## Artigo XXXVII\n\nO produto das multas e confiscações infligidas, no conformidade deste tratado, a súbditos portugueses, pertencerá exclusivamente ao governo chinês.\n\n## Artigo XXXVIII\n\nTodo o súbdito português que transportar para o mercado do interior do país mercadorias, de que tenha pago os competentes direitos de importação em qualquer dos portos abertos, ou que comprar no interior produtos chineses para levar para os portos do Yang-tai-kiang, ou para os portos estrangeiros, deverá observar o regulamento novamente adoptado para com as outras nações.\n\nOs oficiais e guardas empregados da alfandega que não cumprirem o regulamento, ou que exigirem mais direitos do que devem, serão castigados segundo as leis chinesas.\n\n## Article XXXVI\n\nThe Chinese authorities will adopt at the ports the measures which they may deem the most convenient to avoid fraud or smuggling.\n\n## Article XXXVII\n\nThe proceeds of fines and confiscations inflicted on Portuguese subjects, in conformity to this treaty, shall belong exclusively to the Chinese Government.\n\n## Article XXXVIII\n\nPortuguese subjects carrying goods to a market in the interior of the country on which the lawful import duties have been already paid at any of the open ports, or those who buy native produce, in the interior to bring to the ports on the Yangtae-Kiang, or to send to foreign ports, shall follow the regulations adopted towards the other nations.\n\nCustom-house Officers who do not comply with the regulations or who may exact more duties than are due shall be punished according to the Chinese laws.\n\n...\n\n## Artigo XLVI\n\nQualquer das duas altas partes contratantes poderá, no fim de dez anos, pedir uma revisão de tarifa ou dos artigos comerciais deste tratado, entendendo-se que, não sendo feito este pedido dentro de seis meses contados sobre os primeiros dez anos, continuará em vigor a mesma tarifa por mais dez por mais dez anos contados sobre os precedentes dez, e assim de dez em dez anos.\n\n## Article XLVI\n\nIt is agreed that either of the High Contracting Parties to this treaty may demand a revision of the tariff, and of the commercial articles of this treaty, at the end of ten years, but if no demand be made on either side within six months after the end of the first ten years, then the tariff shall remain in force for ten years more, reckoned from the end of the preceding ten years and so it shall be, at the end of each successive ten years.\n\n## Artigo XLVII\n\nTodas as questões que se suscitarem entre súbditos portugueses na China, com respeito a direitos de propriedade ou de pessoa, serão submetidas à jurisdição das autoridades portuguesas.\n\n## Article XLVII\n\nAll disputes arising between Portuguese subjects, in China, with regard to rights, either of property, or person, shall be submitted to the jurisdiction of Portuguese authorities.\n\n## Artigo XLVIII\n\nQuando súbditos chineses se tornarem culpados de qualquer acto criminoso para com súbditos portugueses, as autoridades portuguesas participarão às autoridades chinesas para que os acusados sejam julgados segundo as leis da China.\n\nQuando súbditos portugueses se tornarem culpados de qualquer acto criminoso para com súbditos chineses, as autoridades chinesas participarão ao cônsul português, para que os acusados sejam julgados segundo as leis de Portugal.\n\n## Article XLVIII\n\nWhenever Chinese subjects become guilty of any criminal act towards Portuguese subjects, the Portuguese authorities must report such acts to the Chinese authorities in order that the guilty be tried according to the laws of China.\n\nIf Portuguese subjects become guilty of any criminal act towards Chinese subjects, the Chinese authorities must report such acts to the Portuguese Consul in order that the guilty be tried according to the laws of Portugal.\n\n## Artigo XLIX\n\nSe qualquer súbdito chinês, tendo contraído uma dívida para com um súbdito português, se negar a pagar-lhe ou fraudulentamente se ocultar dele, as autoridades chinesas empregarão todos os esforços para o prender e obrigá-lo a pagar, depois de provada a dívida e verificada a possibilidade de pagamento.\n\nAssim também as autoridades portuguesas farão diligências para que seja satisfeita qualquer dívida que um súbdito português tenha deixado de pagar a um súbdito chinês. Mas em caso algum o governo português, bem como o governo chinês, poderão ser considerados responsáveis pelas dívidas dos seus respectivos súbditos.\n\n## Article XLIX\n\nIf any Chinese subject shall have become indebted to a Portuguese subject and withholds payment, or fraudulently absconds from his creditor, the Chinese authorities shall use all their efforts to apprehend him and to compel him to pay, the debt being previously proved and the possibility of its payment ascertained.\n\nThe Portuguese authorities will likewise use their efforts to enforce the payment of any debt due by any Portuguese subject to a Chinese subject.\n\nBut in no case will the Portuguese Government or the Chinese Government be considered responsible for the debts of their subjects.\n\n## Artigo L\n\nQuando qualquer súbdito português tiver de representar à autoridade chinesa do distrito, deverá primeiramente levar a sua representação ao cônsul, que, não a achando inconveniente, a fará entregar, e, no caso contrário, mandará escrevê-la noutros termos ou recusará transmiti-la. Igualmente, quando um súbdito chinês haja de representar ao cônsul de Portugal, só poderá fazê-lo por via da autoridade chinesa, que procederá da mesma forma.\n\n## Article L\n\nWhenever any Portuguese subject shall have to petition the Chinese authority of a district, he is to submit his statement beforehand to the Consul, who will cause the same to be forwarded should he see no impropriety in so doing, otherwise he will have it written out in other terms or decline to forward it. Likewise, when a Chinese subject shall have occasion to petition the Portuguese Consul, he will only be allowed to do so through the Chinese authority, who shall proceed in the same manner.\n\n## Artigo LI\n\nTodo o súbdito português que tiver qualquer queixa ou reclamação a fazer contra um súbdito chinês, deverá apresentá-la ao cônsul, que se informará devidamente da questão e empregará todos os esforços para a terminar amigavelmente.\n\nDo mesmo modo, quando um súbdito chinês tiver motivo de queixa contra um português, o cônsul ouvirá atentamente a sua reclamação e fará o possível para reconciliar as partes.\n\nSe, porém, a questão for de tal natureza que não possa terminar-se por modo conciliatório, o cônsul português e as autoridades chinesas procederão conjuntamente à investigação do caso e a decidirão com equidade, aplicando cada uma dessas autoridades as leis do seu país, segundo a nacionalidade do réu.\n\n## Article LI\n\nPortuguese subjects who may have any complaint or claim against any Chinese subject, shall lay the same before the Consul, who will take due cognizance of the case and will use all his efforts to settle it amicably.\n\nLikewise, when a Chinese subject shall have occasion to complain of a Portuguese subject, the Consul will listen to his complaint and will do what he possibly can to reestablish harmony between the two parties.\n\nIf, however, the dispute be of such a nature that it cannot be settled in that conciliatory way, the Portuguese Consul and Chinese authorities will hold a joint investigation of the case and decide it with equity, applying each the laws of his own country, according to the nationality of the defendant.\n\n## Artigo LII\n\nTendo a religião católica por fim converter os homens ao bem, as pessoas que a ensinarem ou a professarem receberão igualmente eficaz protecção das autoridades chinesas, que não poderão persegui-las, nem tolhê-las com proibições, quando elas desempenharem pacificamente os seus misteres e não ofendam as leis.\n\n## Article LII\n\nThe Catholic religion has for its essential object the leading of men to virtue. Persons teaching it and professing it shall alike be entitled to efficacious protection from Chinese authorities; for shall such persons, pursuing peaceably their calling and not offending against the laws, be persecuted or interfered with.\n\n## Artigo LIII\n\nA fim de prevenir para o futuro qualquer discussão, e considerando que a língua inglesa, entre todas as línguas estrangeiras, é a mais geralmente conhecida na China, este tratado, com a convenção a ele apensa, é escrito em três línguas: portuguesa, chinesa e inglesa, e assinado em seis cópias, sendo duas em cada língua. Todas estas versões têm o mesmo sentido e significação, mas se por acaso houver divergência na interpretação das versões portuguesa e chinesa, servirá o texto inglês para decidir as dúvidas que se suscitarem.\n\n## Article LIII\n\nIn order to prevent for the future any discussion, and considering that the English language, among all foreign languages, is the most generally known in China, this treaty, with the special convention appended to it, is written in Portuguese, Chinese, and English, and signed in six copies, two in each language. All these versions have the same sense and meaning, but if there should happen to be any divergence in the interpretation of the Portuguese and Chinese versions, the English text will be made use of to resolve the doubts that may have arisen.\n\n## Artigo LIV\n\nO presente tratado, com a convenção a ele apensa, será ratificado por Sua Majestade Fidelíssima El-Rei de Portugal e dos Algarves e por Sua Majestade Imperial o Imperador da China. Em seguida à troca das ratificações, que será feita em Tien-tsin com a maior brevidade possível, deverá o tratado, com a convenção apensa, ser impresso e publicado para que os funcionários e súbditos dos dois países possam ter pleno conhecimento das suas estipulações e as observem.\n\nEm fé do que os plenipotenciários assinaram e selaram o presente tratado.\n\nFeito em Pekim, no primeiro dia do mês de dezembro do ano de Nosso Senhor Jesus Cristo 1887, que corresponde ao dia décimo sétimo da décima lua do décimo oitavo ano de Kuang-Su.\n\n(L. S.) Thomas de Sousa Rosa.\n\n(L. S.) Ching.\n\n(L. S.) Sun.\n\n## Convenção apensa ao tratado de amizade e comércio celebrado entre Portugal e a China no dia 1 de dezembro de 1887\n\nTendo sido estipulado no artigo 4.º do tratado de amizade e comércio concluído entre Portugal e a China em 1 de dezembro de 1887 que uma convenção será ajustada entre as duas altas partes contratantes para estabelecer as bases da cooperação na cobrança do rendimento de ópio exportado de Macau para os portos chineses, os abaixo assinados, Thomas de Sousa Rosa, enviado extraordinário e ministro plenipotenciário de Sua Majestade Fidelíssima El-Rei de Portugal e dos Algarves em missão especial junto à corte da China, e Sua Alteza o Príncipe Ch'ing, presidente do Tsung-li-Yamen, e Sun, ministro do Tsung-li-Yamen e 1.º vice-presidente do ministério das obras públicas, ministros plenipotenciários de Sua Majestade Imperial o Imperador da China, concordaram na seguinte convenção em três artigos.\n\n## Artigo I\n\nPortugal promulgará uma lei sujeitando o comércio do ópio em Macau às disposições seguintes:\n\n1.º Nenhum ópio poderá ser importado em Macau em quantidades inferiores a uma caixa.\n\n2.º Todo o ópio que se destinar a Macau deverá, logo à sua chegada ao porto, ser manifestado na repartição competente, a cargo de um funcionário público nomeado pelo governo português para superintender a importação e exportação do ópio em Macau.\n\n3.º O ópio importado em Macau não poderá ser baldeado, desembarcado, armazenado, removido de um para outro armazém, ou exportado sem licença passada pelo superintendente.\n\n## Article I\n\nPortugal will enact a law subjecting the opium trade of Macau to the following provisions:\n\n1.º No opium shall be imported into Macau in quantities less than one chest.\n\n2.º All opium imported into Macau must, forthwith upon arrival, be reported to the competent department under a public functionary appointed by the Portuguese Government to superintend the importation and exportation of opium in Macau.\n\n3.º No opium imported into Macau shall be transhipped, landed, stored, removed from one store to another, or exported, without a permit issued by the Superintendent.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-259 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [5-8]",
        "page_number": 384,
        "title": "CO129-259 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [5-8]",
        "content_text": "Enclosure 2\n\n379\n\nHONGKONG GENERAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE,\n\n31st July 1893.\n\nMY LORD,\n\nAt the last meeting of the Members of this Chamber the often mooted question of the desirability of opening the upper waters of the Chu Kiang or Canton River to foreign trade and steam navigation came under discussion.\n\nThe Committee have reason to believe that owing to the friendly relations which happily exist between the respective Governments, and between the Hongkong Government and the Viceroy of the neighbouring Province there might now be found less reluctance than heretofore to consider such a proposal, and I am therefore directed by the Chamber to address Your Lordship in the hope that you may see fit to instruct the British Minister at Peking to bring the matter as soon as he can conveniently do so to the notice of the Tsung-li Yamên.\n\nForeign trade at the existing treaty ports in Southern China has now reached its utmost limit and cannot possibly be extended until new fields are opened up by improved means of communication with the interior.\n\nAt present owing to the cost of transport which in many districts is limited to porterage by coolies, in the absence of water carriage, trade in foreign goods is necessarily confined to small dimensions, nor can it penetrate to any distance from the coast or River ports.\n\nThe numerous lekin and other taxing stations in the inland districts act still further as restrictions, and it is evident that if foreign trade is to be developed and corresponding advantages are to be gained by the Chinese some steps should be taken to facilitate and extend commercial intercourse in these districts and beyond.\n\nThe foreign Trade of South China is really confined to a very few ports, consisting of Foochow, Amoy, Swatow, Macao, Canton, and Pakhoi, and from these the interior marts of the provinces of Fokien and Kwangtung are scarcely reached. The great inland provinces of Kwangsi, Yunnan, and Kuei-chow are from a commercial point of view not touched at all.\n\nCanton which should be the gateway of trade to South Western China is so only in a very restricted degree, owing to the barriers to inland transit generally, and the existing traffic is still further threatened by a diversion to the new route opened up through Tonkin to Yunnan. The French Government",
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        "document_key": "CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11]",
        "page_number": 647,
        "title": "CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG GENERAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE\nHONGKONG, 31st July, 1893.\n\nAt the last meeting of the Members of this Chamber the often mooted question of the desirability of opening the upper waters of the Chu Kiang or Canton River to foreign trade and steam navigation came under discussion.\n\nThe Committee have reason to believe that owing to the friendly relations which happily exist between the respective Governments, and between the Hongkong Government and the Viceroy of the neighbouring Province, there might now be found less reluctance than heretofore to consider such a proposal, and I am therefore directed by the Chamber to address your Lordship in the hope that you may see fit to instruct the British Minister at Peking to bring the matter as soon as he can conveniently do so to the notice of the Tsung-li Yamên.\n\nForeign trade at the existing treaty ports in Southern China has now reached its utmost limit and cannot possibly be extended until new fields are opened up by improved means of communication with the interior. At present, owing to the cost of transport which in many districts is limited to porterage by coolies, in the absence of water carriage, trade in foreign goods is necessarily confined to small dimensions, nor can it penetrate to any distance from the coast or river ports.\n\nThe numerous lekin and other taxing stations in the inland districts act still further as restrictions, and it is evident that if foreign trade is to be developed and corresponding advantages are to be gained by the Chinese, some steps should be taken to facilitate and extend commercial intercourse in these districts and beyond.\n\nThe foreign trade of South China is really confined to a very few ports, consisting of Foochow, Amoy, Swatow, Macao, Canton, and Pakhoi, and from these the interior marts of the provinces of Fokien and Kwangtung are scarcely reached. The great inland provinces of Kwang-si, Yunnan, and Kueichow are, from a commercial point of view, not touched at all.\n\nCanton, which should be the gateway of trade to South Western China, is so only in a very restricted degree, owing to the barriers to inland transit generally, and the existing traffic is still further threatened by a diversion to the new route opened up through Tonkin to Yunnan. The French Government, in order to encourage the use of this route, have reduced the tariff on goods in transitu to a nominal rate, and the trade will, for this reason, be probably directed thither to the detriment of British interests.\n\nHaving regard to the foregoing circumstances, and in view of the value of extended trade to Great Britain and to the colony of Hongkong, this Chamber prays your Lordship to press upon the Chinese Government the necessity of opening up the Si Kiang or West River to steamers of all nations, and the cities of Wu-chow, Tsun-chow, and Nan-ning-fu to foreign trade.\n\nWu-chow is a walled city on the West River at its junction with the Fu Ho, a stream navigable by junks of light draft. It is situated in Kwang-si (some 12 miles distant from the eastern boundary) and is about 200 miles distant from Canton. Up to this point, the river, when surveyed by Lieut. BULLOCK, R.N., in 1859, was found to present no obstacles to navigation. The depth of water varies according to the season, but as much as two fathoms may be expected throughout the year, and the navigation by steamers of light draft would probably be unattended by difficulty or danger. The city, although not large, having a population estimated at only 30,000, is an important centre of trade, and is reported to be the largest distributor of goods from Canton and Fatshan. It is also a place for the transhipment of produce coming down two rivers.\n\nWu-chow, being at the point where the Fu Ho debouches into the West River, is the natural port for the supply of Kwei-lin, the capital of Kwang-si, which is situated about 150 miles up the Fu Ho. Hitherto, Kwei-lin has been sparsely supplied with piece goods, &c., under transit pass from Hankow, although its distance is more than three times greater than that from Canton. For all practical purposes, both Kwang-si and Kweichow are shut out from participation in foreign trade, and Yunnan is only reached at great cost from Tonkin and from the Yangtsze ports, whence goods are sent under transit pass; but the total volume of trade is exceedingly limited owing to distance and cost of transport.",
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    {
        "id": 361924,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-274 - Public Offices & Others - 1896",
        "page_number": 149,
        "title": "CO129-274 - Public Offices & Others - 1896",
        "content_text": "*\n\n12\n\n2\n\n*\n\nshould pay all inland dues and charges on its way to the Treaty port but should be entitled to the return of any amount that might have been paid over and above the Treaty Transit due (2½ per cent.), provided it were exported to a foreign port within twelve months.\n\nArt. V excluded Chinese produce shipped from Hongkong to a Treaty port from the benefit of the Transit due privileges; China, \"on the other part, agreeing to issue to native produce shipped by British merchants from Treaty ports to Hongkong, the ordinary duty proofs, and to collect on such produce, on arrival at a second Treaty port, the ordinary coast trade (2½ per cent.) duty.\"\n\nRatification of this Convention was refused by the British Government, at the instance of the merchants concerned, who had no confidence that the provisions of Clause III would be observed. The arrangement, therefore, did not become operative.\n\nComplaint that the stipulations of Art. 28 of the Treaty of Tientsin regarding transit privileges were ignored by the Provincial Authorities, continued to be rife. Mr. Canny notably collected a mass of evidence of their violation by the local authorities of Kiangsu. The matter was made, by Mr. Medhurst, an incidental feature of his negotiations with the Viceroy of Nanking regarding the anti-missionary riot at Yangchow; and in November, 1868, Tseng Kwo-fan issued, in his capacity as Superintendent of Trade for the southern ports, a Note laying down that Chinese as well as foreigners have the right to take foreign imports inland on payment of the fixed Transit due, in the following terms :-\n\n\"I, Tseng Kwo-fan, &c., acting Superintendent of Trade, received a communication from the Tsung-li yamen stating that the first Article of the Regulations which were established in the 11th year of Hienfung demand that Foreign merchandise entering the interior shall pay duty at the Customs barriers, &c.\n\n\"Notwithstanding that this article has this language, it stands in force only when the merchant is unable to produce a certificate from some one of the various Custom Houses showing that he has paid the regular duty and the half-duty (Transit due). If he is unable to produce his duty certificate, that is proof that he has not paid duty. In that case this rule should be enforced.\n\nBy carefully examining and comparing the 28th Art. of the English Treaty with the 7th Art. of the Supplementary Treaty you will find that after foreign goods enter at the sea port, and pay the regular duty and half-duty, the merchant has only to exhibit his certificate of having so paid duty to be allowed to proceed to any distance without further demand.\n\n\"As to Chinese merchants purchasing foreign goods for an interior market, the 10th Art. of the Nanking Treaty and the 28th Art. of the Tientsin Treaty clearly show that all foreign goods, after they have paid the regular duty, may, at the pleasure of Chinese merchants, be carried to the ends of the Earth (i.e., to any part of the Chinese Empire).\n\n\"Again, in regard to duty on foreign merchandise in the interior, if the goods have paid the Transit duty at the seaport, and a certificate of the fact is given, no further evidence or fraction thereof (i.e., of any other kind) shall be demanded at any other station.\n\nThus it\n\n13\n\nis evident that foreign goods entering the interior, whether in the hands of Chinese or foreign merchants, if they hold a certificate showing that the Transit duty has been paid, then no further duty or likin shall be demanded.\n\nBut it may be urged that if native merchants purchase foreign goods and hold a certificate of having paid the Transit duty, and do not pay the Likin, that will be defrauding the Government, &c. This is a regulation of the Likin stations. There is no such treaty stipulation. In the 46th Art. of the English Treaty it is stated that the Superintendents of Customs at the various ports shall have the right to devise any means they may think desirable to prevent smuggling. The intent of this article points to the regulation deemed necessary for collecting the regular duty and Transit duty once, and has no reference to establishing Likin regulations.\n\n\"In regard to Transit certificates. When the Customs half-duty shall have been paid, then the Customs will issue the Transit Pass.\n\n\"In regard to the proclamation issued by the English Minister Bruce in the second year of Tungchih, twelfth moon (January, 1864), with reference to foreign merchants purchasing foreign goods for an interior market, the gist of it consists in two points; if the foreign merchant is not inclined to pay the half-duty at the seaport, then he can pay it and the Likin at the interior stations. If he is unwilling to pay the demand in the interior, then he must pay the Transit duty in advance. In this matter he can have his choice.\n\nIt is imperative that the Treaty stipulation be observed, and under no circumstances the Likin be made to violate the existing treaties and provoke constant disputes with the Consuls.\"\n\nThe effect of these instructions seems to have been still slight, except in the precise district (Tsing-kiang-pu) to which Mr. Medhurst's remonstrance pointedly applied. The local officials generally continued their old habits, until the question was raised and strenuously fought by Mr. Markham in 1871. It is not, in fact, till 1871 that Foreigners became aware of Tseng Kwo-fan's Note being in existence. It was discovered, in that year, in a collection of Treaties and Explanatory Despatches which had been published by a Taotai of Shanghai. The question seems then to have been brought to the notice of the Tsung-li yamen by Mr. Hart, and renewed instructions to have been issued, which were fairly obeyed in Kiangsu.\n\nClause IV of the third Section of the Chefoo Convention, negotiated by Sir Thomas Wade in 1876, consecrated the understanding expressed by Tseng Kwo-fan, in the following terms ---\n\n\"The Chinese Government agrees that Transit Duty Certificates shall be framed under one rule at all ports, no difference being made in the conditions set forth therein; and that, so far as imports are concerned, the nationality of the person possessing and carrying them is immaterial.\n\n\"Native produce carried from an inland centre to a port of shipment, if bona fide intended for shipment to a foreign port, may be, by treaty, certificated by the British subject interested and exempted by payment of the half-duty from all charges demanded upon it en route.\n\n\"If produce be not the property of a British subject, or is being carried to a port not for exportation, it is not entitled to the exemption that would be secured it by the exhibition of a Transit Duty Certificate.\n\n*\n\n5\n\n145",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-274 - Public Offices & Others - 1896.txt",
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        "id": 364239,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-278 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1897 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 17,
        "title": "CO129-278 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1897 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "Sorry my haste! I have completed & would like only \n\nLe claused by a consideration of the Stamp Note \n\nwould then be in hand. \n\nEn 26.1.98 \n\nLord Selborne \n\nI am inclined to \n\nagree \n\nwith Mr \n\nBlake that stamps which have \n\nbeen declared obsolete, because they have been fraudulently imitated, had better be destroyed, not sold. C.Pd 26 Jan \n\nhe Lees \n\nSee marked passage in Huplake's minute - Mu jiang \n\nmatin is me wind the best \n\nJ \n\nimagine collectors \n\nbeing capable of anything. If they would give a dollar apiece, \n\nare you prepared to throw away a windfall of 40000 dollars (about) for Henry Kay? Hand wrote the L. A. letter. \n\ncebat there \n\nstamps would fetch top price. Need not peruse \n\nMarge anelves \n\nmetrievable nitue \n\nwe decide \n\nttéside of \n\n52711 \n\nW B & L (X)-82182-8000-6-97 \n\nM: Blake \n\n15 \n\nSee Lord Selborne's minute \n\n4 \n\nmake enquiries. Could you \n\nA dealers C.Pd. \n\n9 \n\nstamp dealers \n\nho. Las \n\n27 Ja \n\nI have made enquiries of the \n\nprincipal firms of Stamp dealers \n\nThey \n\nli Kondom and find that \n\nTake the tim \n\nexpand wi \n\nby prins minte that In Straps ought to be destroyed \n\nFord Selborne \n\nE723-2-98 \n\n? So inform the governa? \n\nIn Lives \n\nCPL. 24 Feb \n\nI am glad to hear the Junior of \n\nthe stamp dealers on the fraction hat I should be re \n\nof policy",
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    {
        "id": 365028,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "page_number": 275,
        "title": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "content_text": "10390\n\n97\n\n6\n\nIt has now been agreed that the following places, viz., Wuchow-fu, in Kwangsi, and Samshui City and Kong Kun Market, in Kwangtung, shall be opened as Treaty ports and Consular stations, with free navigation for steamers between Samshui and Wuchow and Hong Kong and Canton, by a route from each of these latter places to be selected and notified in advance by the Imperial Maritime Customs, and that the following four places shall be established as ports of call for goods and passengers, under the same Regulations as the ports of call on the Yang-tsze River, namely, Kongmoon, Komchuk, Shinhing, and Takhing.\n\nIt is agreed that the present Agreement, together with the Special Article, shall come into force within four months of the date of signature, and that the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at Peking as soon as possible, in witness whereof the Undersigned, duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed the present Agreement.\n\nDone at Peking in triplicate—three copies in English, and three in Chinese—the 4th day of February in the year of our Lord 1897.\n\n(Signed) CLAUDE M. MACDONALD.\n\n(Chinese signature of his Excellency Li.)\n\n(Seal.)\n\n(Seal.)\n\n0\n\n271\n\nVictoria, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, Empress of India, &c., &c., &c. To all and singular to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting!\n\nWHEREAS an Agreement between Us and His Majesty the Emperor of China was concluded and signed at Peking on the fourth day of February, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven, by the Plenipotentiaries of Us and of His said Imperial Majesty, duly and respectively authorized for that purpose, which Agreement is, word for word, as follows:-\n\nIN consideration of the Government of Great Britain consenting to waive its objections to the alienation by China, by the Convention with France of the 20th June, 1895, of territory forming a portion of Kiang Hung, in derogation of the provisions of the Convention between Great Britain and China of the 1st March, 1894, it has been agreed between the Governments of Great Britain and China that the following additions and alterations shall be made in the last-named Convention, hereinafter referred to as the original Convention.\n\nARTICLE I.\n\nIt is agreed that the frontier between the two Empires from latitude 25° 35′ north shall run as follows:\n\nCommencing at the high peak situated approximately in that latitude and in longitude 98° 14' east of Greenwich and 18° 16' west of Peking, the line shall follow, as far as possible, the crest of the hills running in a south-westerly direction to Warung Peak (Kanlyang), and shall extend thence to Sabu Pum,\n\nFrom Sabu Pum the frontier shall run in a line along the watershed slightly to the south of west through Shatrung Pum to Namienku Pum.\n\nThence it shall follow a line to be fixed after local investigation, dividing the Szia and the Kunsas as far as the Tabak Kha; thence the Tabak Kha to the Namtabet; thence the Namtabet to the Paknoi Kha; thence the Paknoi Kha to its source near Talang Pum; thence the Talang Pum ridge to Bura Shikong.\n\nFrom Bura Shikong the frontier shall follow a line running in a south-west direction to the Laisa Kha; thence the Laisa Kha",
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    {
        "id": 378932,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-302 - Public Offices - 1900",
        "page_number": 746,
        "title": "CO129-302 - Public Offices - 1900",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n### September Received SECTION 1.\n734\n\n## No. 1.\n### Li Hung-chang to Sir Chihchen Lofêngluh.-(Communicated by Sir Chihchen Lofêngluh, September 7.)\n\n(Telegraphic.)\n\nShanghae, September 6, 1900, 2:55 P.M.\n\nTHE order and peace in the South and East provinces of China shall be maintained by the Chinese authorities in strict accordance with the Articles agreed upon, and the Viceroys and Governors will exert their utmost to afford protection to the foreign and native, Christian and non-Christian, lives and properties within their jurisdictions; but it is now found that an insurrectionary organization headed by Kang-yu-wei and Liang Ki-chao, amalgamated with the Cantonese notorious rebel, Ku-Sing, and the chiefs of the Triad Society, Pan-Sing-Kwei and Lew-Fuh, affiliated with the different Secret Societies, propose to uprise in the two Hu (i.e., Hunan and Hu-Peh), three Kiang (i.e., Kiang-Su, Nyan Hui, and Kiang Si), and the two Kwang (i.e., Kwang Tung and Kwangsi) provinces. They call themselves the National Protectors, but in reality they are rebelling against the Government for their own end, and disturbing peace and order.\n\nI may mention the recent case of Tang Chung Chai for illustration. He was a rebel in Pih-Kan of Tin-Tung when arrested by the Viceroys Lew-Kwung-Yih and Chang Chih Tung; he confessed freely that he was in the party of Kang-yu-wei; a quantity of ammunition, guns, documents, and papers confiscated proved the accuracy of his confession. This case is well known to both foreigners and Chinese.\n\nIn the Province of Canton (Kwang Tung) the Secret Societies are still more numerous. Their head-quarters are at the Gardens of Yu-Yu-Chih, in Hong Kong, and at the \"Reformer\" of Chih Sing Magazine Office, in Macao. They meet secretly at the two above-mentioned places to plan their insurrectionary scheme. The most prominent members are-\n\n| 1. | Ho Lien Wung. |\n| 2. | Ho Muh Ling. |\n| 3. | Hsu Ching.    |\n| 4. | Lew Chien Ling.|\n| 5. | Meh Mung Hwa. |\n| 6. | Chen Chung Yen.|\n| 7. | Yung Wing.    |\n\nThey visit Hong Kong and Macao frequently to arrange the plans and dates of uprising, for the purchase and supply of rifles, guns, and ammunitions stored in coffins and imported from the Straits Settlements into Canton. These rebel leaders, if they be not arrested and punished according to law, will certainly set the whole of the Southern and Eastern provinces in a blaze similar to what the Boxer movement did in the North, and do unlimited damage to the foreign trade in China.\n\nI have therefore to request you to bring this telegram before Lord Salisbury and persuade his Lordship to issue telegraphic instructions to the Governors of Singapore and Hong Kong to adopt stringent measures for the investigation and arrest of these rebels, and to keep them in prison so as to nip the insurrection in the bud.\n\nBoth foreigners and Chinese would derive great benefits from the action of Lord Salisbury, and be grateful to his Lordship.\n\nPlease reply by wire.\n\n[2321 g-1]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-302 - Public Offices - 1900.txt",
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    {
        "id": 394582,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-325 - Public Offices & Others - 1904",
        "page_number": 572,
        "title": "CO129-325 - Public Offices & Others - 1904",
        "content_text": "THE TIMES, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1904.\n\nLANSDOWNE'S declaration. Year by year the imperative need of a definite policy, and, we think, the broad principles on which it should be based, become more manifest. The time has come when it is hopeless for private enterprise, without the assurance of State support, to compete successfully in the prosecution of large undertakings in China. Its rivals are no longer private individuals or associations of individuals; in one form or another they represent powerful European Governments, and against the resources of each Government, which are firmly directed to fixed aims upon consistent and intelligent principles, it is in vain for private Englishmen to struggle. They too must enjoy State support, if they are to be on even terms with their competitors. It need not necessarily take the form of pecuniary support, though the brilliant financial and political success achieved by the genius of LORD BEACONSFIELD, in the purchase of the Suez Canal shares, and the political results accomplished by the construction of the Sudan and Uganda railways demonstrate that, on occasion, a bold departure from the hide-bound traditions of the Treasury may prove of the highest advantage to the Empire. It need not often take the form of guarantees—which are only pecuniary support in the second degree of under...\n\nIn the years before the outbreak of the South African war there were few questions of foreign politics in which the public took a deeper interest than in the railway problem in China. Our Correspondents at Peking and Shanghai carefully laid the main factors of the problem before the nation and explained their political and commercial importance. They realized, as most intelligent Europeans in the East do realize, how intimately policy and commerce are of necessity knit in Oriental lands, and they exerted themselves with great ability to bring this fundamental truth home to their fellow-countrymen. Their efforts were attended with a large measure of success, and, under the pressure of the opinion which they did much to create, British Ministers reluctantly discarded some of their most comfortable illusions and awoke to the revelation that in half-civilized lands railways under foreign control are powerful political weapons. Under the same pressure our diplomacy was authorized to take part in what was called the \"battle of concessions\" in China, and at the end of 1898 our Minister at Peking officially recorded the results. These made a good show on paper, but unfortunately most of them have remained mere paper ever since. Two years ago our Shanghai Correspondent reviewed the then condition of the nine concessions, embracing more than 2,800 miles of railway, which our Government paraded with so much self-gratulation in 1898. The other day he repeated that salutary survey. The result is practically the same. We have completed 570 miles out of the 2,800 allotted to us, and there is a prospect of our building another 180 this year. The lines which we have finished are the Northern railway from Peking to Tien-tsin and Niu-chwang and the Pekin Syndicate's short line from the Shan-si mines to Wei-hui. The line which we are about to begin is the line from Shanghai to Nanking through Su-chau. The other concessions are either concessions and nothing more, in 1904, as they were in 1898, or they have altogether evaporated into mere interesting reminiscences. Other nations in the meantime have been actively developing the concessions made to them; Germany, France, and Russia have all displayed energy and enterprise in making the railways which our Foreign Office used to disparage as very dubious speculations. These nations appreciate the principle, recognized by CAPTAIN MAHAN, that in China, as in Persia, \"local commercial interests now underlie political and military control.\" Even Belgium, as we have recently seen, which cannot be suspected of this kind of ambition on her own account in China, has fearlessly embarked in railway construction across the British sphere, with a shrewd appreciation of the fact that the political and military \"value of her concessions will always enable her to find champions to protect them, or purchasers to take them off her hands upon terms to her advantage.\n\nThere has been one object-lesson, our Correspondent points out, which might have been expected to enlarge the views of the Government on railway policy in China. In January, 1899, they screwed their courage to the sticking-place and officially \"took note\" of the promise given by the Tsung-li-Yamên to the Hong-kong and Shanghai Bank that China would not alienate any of the Northern Railway lines to any foreign Power. \"The far-reaching and fortunate results of this 'undemonstrative support have been,' he declares, \"sufficiently conspicuous.\" They include, in a great measure, not only the maintenance of our own position in North China, but also that of the independence of the Chinese Government. The guarantee saved the railway from remaining in Russian hands after the Boxer troubles, and with the railway in Russian hands the subjugation of the Palace to Russian influence would have been complete. But, in spite of this lesson, the Foreign Office seems to have relapsed into its traditional attitude. When SIR ERNEST SATOW went back to Peking, more than twelve months ago, Lord LANSDOWNE declared that he went back with fuller powers and with a definite policy on the railway question. We are unable to believe that it is the fault of so able a diplomatist as SIR ERNEST SATOW that so little has been done to justify Lord LANSDOWNE's declaration.\n\n...undertakings in foreign lands. But, if Englishmen are to engage in such undertakings, as they must do if we are to maintain our place in the remoter markets of the world, our Government must back them up with the zeal and the perseverance which other Governments display in encouraging their countrymen. When British concession is as sure of diplomatic support as a Russian or a German concession or even as a Belgian concession—British capital will be forthcoming in plenty for opening the Chinese markets to British trade and manufactures. It is the plentiful lack of that support which is largely responsible for the undeveloped condition of so many of the concessions we have obtained, and which is leading foreigners to hint, and Chinamen to suspect, that we do not intend to develop them at all.\n\nPage 569\n\n0.0\n\n38877\n\n0\n\nThe necessity of doing something with our concessions may be illustrated by the case of the Hang-chau line. This is to be an extension of the Shanghai-Nanking line. The latter is described as the most valuable concession of its kind in China, while its control in British hands is indispensable to the protection of our interests at Shanghai and in the Yang-tze valley. We have had the preliminary contract since 1898, but the work has not yet been begun, and it is only after a strong remonstrance from our Minister that the obstructive attitude of SHENG TA-JÊN has been at last overcome and authority given for the issue of the bonds. But, though SHENG has done his best to retard the construction of the Nanking line, China has alleged this delay as a reason for refusing to discuss the final agreement for the Hang-chau extension. The gentry of Che-kiang have displayed an unexpected interest in the railway question. They have witnessed with concern the prospect of a British \"monopoly\" of concessions in that region, and they thought out—or adopted—an ingenious proposal to defeat it. It appears from the documents which our correspondent \"YANG-TSZE\" supplies this morning, that, in order to \"balance the power\" which we might ultimately acquire, they proposed to build a second line from Shanghai to Hang-chau. They offered to subscribe half the capital themselves, and they made an agreement with a German firm to provide the other half. They do not seem to have placed implicit reliance in their German associates. They applied for and obtained a guarantee for the 2,000,000 taels which were to be provided by the German firm from Dr. KNAPPE, the German Consul-General at Shanghai. The project, we understand, has fallen through. Its history survives as an instructive warning of the dangers of delay in carrying out our concessions, and as a practical reminder that, while Germany claims for herself a special position in Shan-tung, she also adheres to the contention—which LORD SALISBURY repudiated in 1898—that the Yang-tsze region is still \"unreservedly open\" to her enterprise.\n\n&\n\n14 NOV C",
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    {
        "id": 394702,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904",
        "page_number": 39,
        "title": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904",
        "content_text": "[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nCHINA TRADE.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\nNo. 1.\n\n37\n\n[January 14.]\n\nSECTION 1.\n\nChino-Japanese Commercial Treaty signed at Shanghae (1903).--(Communicated by Japanese Minister, January 14, 1904.)\n\n(Translation.)\n\nHIS Majesty the Emperor of Japan, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, in order to give full effect to the provisions of Article 11 of the Final Protocol, signed at Peking on the 7th day of the 9th month of the 34th year of Meiji, corresponding to the 25th day of the 7th moon of the 27th year of Kuang-Hsü, have resolved to conclude a supplementary Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, designed to facilitate and promote the commercial relations between Japan and China, and have, for that purpose, named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:\n\nHis Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Hioki Eki, Jugoi, Fifth Class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun, First Secretary of Legation, and Odagiri Masnoske, Shorokui, Fifth Class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun, Consul-General;\n\nAnd His Majesty the Emperor of China, Lu Hai-Huan, President of the Board of Public Works, Sheng Hsuan-Huai, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, formerly Senior Vice-President of the Board of Public Works, and Wu Ting-Fang, Senior Vice-President of the Board of Commerce:\n\nWho, after having communicated to each other their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles:-\n\nARTICLE I.\n\nWhereas China, with the object of reforming its fiscal system, proposes to levy a surtax in excess of the Tariff rates on all goods passing through the custom-houses, whether maritime or inland and frontier, in order to compensate in a measure for the loss incurred by the complete abolition of li-kin; Japan consents to pay the same surtax as is agreed upon between China and all the Treaty Powers. With regard to the production tax, consumption tax, and excise, and the taxes on native opium and salt, leviable by China, Japan also consents to accept the same arrangements as are agreed upon between all the Treaty Powers and China. It is understood, however, that the commerce, rights and privileges of Japan shall not, on account of the above, be placed at any disadvantage as compared with the commerce, rights and privileges of other Powers.\n\nARTICLE II.\n\nThe Chinese Government agree to permit Japanese steam-ship owners to erect, at their own expense, appliances for hauling through the rapids of that part of the Yang-tze-kiang, between Ichang and Chungking. But, as the interests of the population of the provinces of Szechuen, Hunan, and Hupeh are involved, it is, therefore, necessary that the approval of the Imperial Maritime Customs be obtained before such appliances may be so erected.\n\nThese appliances, which shall be at the disposal of all vessels, both steamers and junks, shall not obstruct the waterway, nor interfere with the free passage of junks or of persons on the banks of the river. Such appliances shall be subject to special Regulations to be drawn up by the Imperial Maritime Customs.\n\nARTICLE III.\n\nThe Chinese Government agree that any Japanese steamer capable of navigating the inland waterways, upon reporting at the Imperial Maritime Customs, may proceed for the purpose of trade from a Treaty port to places inland, so reported, on complying with the original and supplementary Regulations for steam navigation inland.\n\n[1827 0-1]",
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    {
        "id": 397929,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 419,
        "title": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "20 \n\nThe Flotilla Company will take it down the Irrawaddy to Rangoon, where again it would be put in a bonded warehouse and shipped, also by the Customs, on boats of a specially selected line (British India); bound for Hong Kong; from Bhamo to Hong Kong the responsibility would rest with the Customs and the Steamer Companies.\n\nAt Tengyueh, the opium would be packed in specially prescribed boxes and sealed, leaded, and numbered in a specially prescribed way, and notice would be given by the Customs here to Bhamo and to the Customs at Canton or Shanghae (port of destination) of each consignment.\n\nMr. Tilly knows so much more about the matter, so far as Burmah is concerned, than I do, that I feel it would be impertinent on my part to make many remarks on his proposals, but I have shown them to the Commissioner of Customs here, Mr. Napier, who writes that: \"**So far as we (the Chinese Customs) are concerned, the rules are simple and natural.**\" I also talked the matter over with some of the Chinese merchants, and I think, so far as they are concerned, that there would be no difficulty in carrying out these rules. The Burmah Customs and the Flotilla Company are well known to, and trusted by, the Tengyueh firms. I would, however, express a hope that, to begin with, at any rate, the Flotilla and the British India will quote a strictly moderate rate of freight; so far as the Rangoon-Hong Kong run is concerned, I would venture to suggest that if later on the other shipping Companies make arrangements, satisfactory to the Collector, for safe carriage of the Yunnan opium, that they may be allowed to participate in it. A monopoly is always to be deprecated.\n\nAs regards possible substitution en route of Indian opium, as the opium from Bhamo to Hong Kong will be locked up out of reach of the Chinese, I do not see how such substitution is to be effected. Besides, the boxes could be leaded at Tengyueh with four pieces of wire, two lengthways and two crossways, and special marks could be written across the joints of the case, so that I really do not see how the box could be opened and Indian opium substituted without instant detection on arrival at the Canton or Shanghae Customs.\n\n6. The merchants here could make up their opium in balls of any weight which the Burmah Customs prescribe. The weight and wrapping should be different from that of Indian opium. It is suggested that on the printed forms employed, for the convenience of the Chinese Customs, catties and taels should be used under the head \"**Weight**,\" and not lbs. and ozs., which latter, not being a decimal and not being a Chinese system, will give much needless trouble.\n\n7. Given the consent of the Indian Government, we should have to negotiate an arrangement with China which would include: (1) Arrangements with the Imperial Customs, i.e., Sir R. Hart; (2) with the Peking Government; (3) with the Yunnan Provincial Government and li-kin authorities; (4) with the Canton and Liang Kiang (Nanking) Viceroys and their li-kin and Provincial Government.\n\nNow all this will take some time, and will require vigorous backing from His Majesty's Government. But as the result to our trade in Yünnan would be so very beneficial, and as this is the only means we have of extending our commercial influence in Yunnan, without unprofitably spending large sums of money, it is well worth the trouble. It cannot be too frequently repeated that our frontier trade, though showing signs of development, so far as foreign imports to China are concerned, is still only one-fourth of the Mengtse trade; yet in population and wealth the districts which ought to be supplied from Tengyueh are superior to those which would naturally draw their supplies from Mengtse; foreign goods, especially yarn, sent in by the French route and Nankeens, &c., imported via Szechuan, are sold far into West Yünnan. The reason of this tendency is that where freight is such an important item, that imports (i.e., cotton) are bound to follow the line of exports (i.e., opium), and Tengyueh, with no exports, cannot hope to compete with Mengtse, which sends out opium and tin. Meanwhile, we are subjecting our trade to this crushing restriction; and what corresponding gain do we get? None; absolutely none. Indeed, it is obvious that the restriction must encourage what really is noxious, i.e., an illicit trade in the drug for consumption in Burmah. The restriction is utterly and notoriously useless to prevent the cultivation and export of Yünnan opium and its competition, if it does compete, with the Indian drug. Nor have I ever been able to see what force there is in the so-called \"**sentimental**\" argument.\n\n| Unit | Equivalent |\n| --- | --- |\n| 10 fen or ceudareens | 1 mace |\n| 10 mace | 1 tael, Liang or Chinese oz. |\n| 16 taels | 1 catty or chin |\n| 100 catties | 1 picul or tan, which is 133.4 lbs. avoirdupois |\n\n21 \n\nTo the opium now, which leaves Yünnan destined for Canton or Shanghae? It goes to Chunking, in Szechuan, or Wuchan, in Kwangsi, and is there put on a boat which, in three cases out of four, flies the British flag, and finally arrives at its destination in a British steamer. Why does \"**sentiment**\" permit this, but take offence at the drug being shipped from Rangoon to Canton or Shanghae? Surely the morals of Rangoon are robust enough not to be corrupted by the presence of Yunnan opium in transit to China, any more than the morals of Calcutta are corrupted by the presence of Indian opium in transit to China.\n\nThus it seems to me that a very strong case can be made out for asking His Majesty's Government to press this matter through in spite of the troublesome negotiations which it may involve.\n\nAs to the system which we ought to endeavour to induce the Chinese to adopt, more especially as regards taxation, the Legation authorities at Peking and the Consulate authorities at Shanghae and Canton are more competent to speak than I am. But I would submit that, in order to disarm Chinese obstruction, it will be advisable, as far as possible, not to interfere with the present system and rates of native taxation, and to arrange that the Imperial Customs, always regarded with jealousy by the provincial Mandarins, should appear in the matter as little as possible, and on their own account should only collect at Tengyueh and at the port of re-entry to China a small duty enough to cover the expenses and trouble to which they may be put.\n\nProvided always that adequate means are adopted to prevent substitution and fraud, I fail to see why, on principle, and in the nature of things, opium grown in one part of China for consumption in another part of China should be subject to special penalties and difficulties, merely because in transit to its market it crosses foreign waters.\n\n(1.) I would suggest that no opium should be allowed to pass the Customs at Tengyueh for export to Burmah until it had paid full provincial li-kin, and regular official receipts for the same had been produced for the inspection of the Customs. The rates of li-kin for opium thus exported should be the ordinary provincial rate (which in Yunnan is paid in one lump sum) and no more or less.\n\n(2.) No opium should be released by the Customs at Canton or Shanghae until it had paid the same provincial li-kin which it would have paid to the Canton or Liang Chiang Government had it arrived through native sources. Here again regular official receipts would have to be produced at the Customs, and it would be advisable that one lump sum should free the drug in its province of consumption.\n\nThus the two Departments who might be chiefly expected to obstruct, i.e., the Yünnan li-kin and the li-kin in the province of consumption, would only suffer no loss, but, on the contrary, would gain heavily; for, as things are now, a large proportion of the opium gets through without paying anything at all to the Chinese Government, but by paying instead bribes, squeezes, and blackmail to official underlings and bandits. The Yunnan provincial opium revenue is only about a quarter what it would be under an honest administration. I should think that the present Viceroy of Canton would be glad to see such an addition to his revenue as the adoption of some such proposal as the present would produce. No doubt Viceroy Ting of Yunnan will oppose the scheme merely on the ground that it will encourage foreign relations and increase foreign trade. A number of the underlings and gentry, especially at Yunnan-fu, whose speculations and perquisites will be curtailed, would also oppose; but I think these difficulties may be overborne, if the matter is really taken up in earnest.\n\nThe total taxes paid for Yünnan opium sent across Burmah should, in short, be the same, or possibly a trifle more than what is now paid. Taxation being equal or nearly so, Burmah would then secure the trade on account of the speed, security, and cheapness of the Rangoon transit route.\n\nIn Yunnan, provincial li-kin has been raised from 1.50 taels (3 rupees) per 100 taels or ounce of opium to 2.10 taels (rupees 4.2.0) since last year. This comes to 33.60 taels, or say 67 rupees the picul of 100 catties or 133 lbs. As regards present rates in Canton or Shanghae, the Consulate there could give details.\n\nG. J. L. LITTON, \nHis Majesty's Acting Consul, Tengyueh.\n\nApril 26, 1904.\n\n(Signed)\n\nPage 21 \n\n[1844 - -1]",
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    {
        "id": 397931,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 421,
        "title": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "# Inclosure 15 in No. 1, Government of India to Government of Burman, October 11. 1904.\n\nI AM directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter dated the 6th July, 1904, on the subject of the proposal to permit opium exported from Yünnan for the Chinese market to pass through Burmah in bond. Certain objections to this scheme were urged by the Government of India in my letter dated the 5th May, 1904, and these objections are dealt with in your letter under reply.\n\n## \n\n2. The Government of Burmah contend that-- \n\n(1.) The natural trade outlet of Western Yünnan is through Burmah, and not by way of the Red River Valley. Owing to the peculiar nature of the transport conditions, any movement of opium to Burmah must necessarily cause a permanent expansion of the import trade from Burmah into Yünnan; and, while the full extent of the expansion cannot be foreseen, the population which could be served by this route is so large as to justify the belief that it will be considerable.\n\n(2.) The adoption of Mr. Litton's scheme will not necessarily make Yünnan opium any cheaper than it is at present in Canton. Moreover, the maintenance of the existing prohibition against import into Burmah does not assist in any way in keeping Yunnan opium out of Canton, and cannot prevent the drug from reaching that port by sea viâ Tonquin. It is difficult to suppose that the French will fail to see the advantage of concluding an arrangement with the Chinese Government under which Yunnan opium sent via Tonquin by sea will be admitted and taxed as native opium; and it appears probable that they will attempt to negotiate such an agreement as soon as their railway reaches Yünnan-fu, or even Mengtse. Unless they are anticipated all the Yünnan opium destined for Canton and Eastern China will ultimately go by the new railway to Tonquin and thence by sea; and the return trade with Yunnan will be lost to Burmah. Sir H. Barnes also indorses Mr. Litton's opinion to the effect that the Indian drug has obtained a market of its own in China. Its consumption is said to be confined to the wealthy and fastidious classes, and it is argued that in these circumstances the demand would be unaffected by the grant of facilities for the transport of Yünnan opium through Burmah to the Far East.\n\n(3.) The prohibition in the Burmah-China Convention against the importation of Chinese opium into Burmah was insisted on by the British Government in order to prevent any disturbance of the excise arrangements in force in Burmah; and all that is now suggested is that permission should be accorded to the Chinese Government to transport Chinese opium to Chinese ports by a route which passes through British territory, but which is more direct, safer, and more expeditious than the inland route. China will thereby be enabled to levy the full li-kin due upon the opium, while Burmah will benefit by the expansion of the trade with Yunnan, and possibly by the reduction of the contraband trade in opium across the Yunnan frontier. Mr. Litton anticipates that, if the good-will of Sir R. Hart be secured, the rule prescribing that all opium imported into China by sea shall be taxed as Indian opium will probably be relaxed.\n\n3. The Government of India have given this question their most careful consideration; and, although they are unable to accept all the arguments advanced by Mr. Litton and supported by Sir Hugh Barnes, they are inclined, on the facts as now presented, and in view of the importance of the political issues involved, to accept the general lines of the scheme put forward by the Government of Burmah. They agree that, if the transport of Yunnan opium be permitted, some expansion of the trade between Burmah and that province will necessarily occur; and although the extent of this expansion is problematical, they consider that it will in any case be of considerable political value, and may reasonably be regarded as sufficient to counterbalance, if not to outweigh, the disadvantages inherent in the scheme. They are also of opinion that one of the most important objections to the proposal, as originally submitted, can be removed by imposing a transit duty, leviable at such rates as may be fixed from time to time by the Government of India, on Yunnan opium passing through Burmah in bond. This would enable the Government of India to regulate to a considerable extent the price of the drug in the Far Eastern ports; and the power would be most useful, should it eventually prove that the sales of Indian opium were suffering owing to the competition of the cheaper drug. The proceeds of the duty would also cover the cost of the preventive establishments employed in connection with the scheme, and would compensate, in some degree, for any loss of revenue which might occur owing to smuggling.\n\n4. The Government of India are, however, somewhat doubtful as to the precise scope of the scheme recommended for adoption. Certain passages in the correspondence seem to imply that a mere waiver of the prohibition against the import of opium from Chinese territories into Burmah would be sufficient to divert the Yunnan opium traffic to the Bhamo-Tengyueh route. It is even stated that a powerful Syndicate of Chinese merchants has already been formed in Rangoon to operate at once in the event of the prohibition being removed. If these merchants, who have not apparently suggested the need for any special concessions at the hands of the Chinese Government, are prepared to start their operations on a basis which only requires the withdrawal of certain restrictions by the Government of India, and needs no antecedent negotiations with the Chinese Government, there would be an obvious advantage in at once making the necessary arrangements to admit Yünnan opium into Burmah, and in postponing the endeavour to obtain peculiar privileges from the Chinese Government, until the new traffic has been established, and until the merchants concerned are in a position, as the result of practical experience, to indicate clearly the disabilities under which they suffer and the means by which these might best be removed. On the other hand, the general tenour of the correspondence which has taken place regarding this subject points to the conclusion that a mere waiver of the Treaty right would be wholly inoperative, unless supplemented by a definite agreement with the Chinese Government under which Yunnan opium exported to China by sea would be permitted to enter that country at a favourable rate of duty as compared with Indian opium. This latter conclusion is also supported by independent considerations. At present Yunnan opium may be dispatched to the Far East by two routes: it may be forwarded via the Red River Valley and Tonquin, and thence by sea to China, or it may be sent overland. In the former case, it would seem to be subject to taxation at the same rate as foreign opium on arrival in China; in the latter case, it would be subject to the various li-kins and taxes levied by the Chinese Provincial Governments. The Government of India understand, however, that little or no opium produced in Yunnan is at present dispatched to China by the Tonquin route, and the reason may be that the imposition upon such opium of the duty levied upon the foreign drug is, in fact, prohibitive. In these circumstances, if His Majesty's Government merely waive their right under the Convention, and permit the transport of the drug through Burmah, without negotiating for the admission of Yunnan opium into China at a favourable rate as compared with \"foreign\" opium, it is possible that the Yunnan opium trade will not follow the Bhamo-Tengyueh route any more than it at present follows the nearer Mengtse-Tonquin route; and the Government would have laid themselves open to misrepresentation of their opium policy, without having secured any compensating advantage.\n\nIt is essential that this question should be definitely settled before the Secretary of State can be addressed on the subject. If an arrangement with China constitutes an integral part of the scheme, as it apparently does, it will be necessary to place the matter before His Majesty's Government in sufficient detail to enable them to enter at once into the necessary negotiations. Mr. Litton explains that it will be necessary \"to negotiate an arrangement with China which will include (1) arrangements with the Imperial Customs, i.e., Sir R. Hart; (2) with the Peking Government; (3) with the Yunnan provincial Government and li-kin authorities; (4) with the Canton and Liang Kiang (Nanking) Viceroys and their li-kin and provincial Governments.\" The concession which should be obtained from each of these authorities is not, however, precisely stated, and I am therefore to request that detailed information may now be furnished regarding the privileges which it is considered necessary to secure, and the reasons which render them indispensable to the success of the scheme.\n\n6. In particular, information should, if possible, be collected, sufficient to enable the Government of India to decide as to the rate of duty which should be proposed for adoption in the case of Yunnan opium entering China by sea. In order to determine this, and also the rate of transit duty which may suitably be imposed in the first instance, it will apparently be necessary to ascertain the cost of land carriage and river or sea freight, including the provincial taxes and Customs dues actually levied on the drug during its passage across China and on re-entry at the Eastern ports, as compared with the freight and other necessary items of expenditure which would be incurred if the opium were forwarded via Tengyueh, Bhamo, and Rangoon. I am also to request...\n\nPage 414\nPage 25",
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        "id": 403557,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 466,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "## REGULATIONS in force with regard to the joint management by the four provinces of Hupei, Hunan, Kiangsi, and Anhui of the taxes on opium and destination li-kin on boiled opium.\n\nEVERY package of opium weighing 1 picul gross weight will be allowed to deduct 9 catties for the outer covering and 4 catties for inside wrappings. A further reduction of 10 per cent. will be allowed to the 87 remaining catties, and this net weight of opium, neither more nor less, will be assumed for purposes of taxation.\n\nThe taxes may be paid in silver or copper cash, but no further concessions will be made.\n\n### Taxation Details\n\n| Tax Type | Rate |\n| --- | --- |\n| Principal tax | 30 Kuping taels per picul net weight |\n| \"Excess or deficit\" tax | 4.7 taels per picul net weight |\n| Reorganization tax | 9 cash per ounce net weight |\n| Prevention of smuggling tax | 9 cash per ounce net weight |\n| Destination li-kin | 70 cash per ounce |\n\n2. Every picul net weight of opium shall pay a principal tax of 30 Kuping taels, plus 20 per cent., i.e., 6 Kuping taels, and an \"excess or deficit\" tax of 4.7 taels, plus 20 per cent., making a total of 41.64 Kuping taels.\n\n3. Every ounce net weight of opium shall pay a reorganization tax and a prevention of smuggling tax in full money of 9 cash each, plus 20 per cent. in full money, i.e., 1.8 cash, making a total of 10.8 cash.\n\n4. For destination li-kin, from every package of 1 picul of opium 13 catties will be deducted for the outer covering and inner wrappings as in the case of the principal tax, leaving 87 catties of opium net weight; a further reduction of 2 per cent. on the net weight will be allowed for dryness. Every ounce will then pay destination li-kin of 70 cash in full.\n\nThis tax may be paid by a promissory note due in three months' time. When the tax is paid on the spot every ounce will pay 66 cash.\n\n5. As the distance to Kiangsi and Anhui is further than to Hunan and Hupei, and the expense of transport greater, a reduction of 5 per cent. in value of the taxes to be paid is allowed as a concession to merchants, e.g., 95 taels will be received for a tax amounting to 100 taels and 95,000 cash for 100,000 cash.\n\n## REGULATION in force with regard to the joint management by the two Kuang Provinces of the taxes on opium and destination li-kin on boiled opium.\n\nOpium destined for retail sale within the provinces shall report at the first barrier, and a further reduction of 5 catties for the outer wooden or cane packing (in addition to the 13 above referred to) shall be made from every picul. Every picul net weight of opium shall pay a tax of 30 Kuping taels and a destination li-kin of 70 Kuping taels. Every piece of opium shall be stamped, and a certificate shall be given stating in detail the amount of the taxes paid and the weight, in order that it may be passed without further taxation after inspection at other barriers.\n\n## JOINT PROCLAMATION\n\nissued by Chou Fu, Acting Viceroy of the Liang Kiang; Ts'ung, Tartar General of Foochow and Viceroy of Min Chê; Chin Ch'üan Hsuan, Acting Viceroy of the Liang Kuang, Chang Chih Tung, Viceroy of Hukuang; Lu, Governor of Kiangsu; Chêng Kuo Chuan, Governor of Anhui; Hu, Governor of Kiangsi; Tuan Fang, Governor of Hunan; Chang, Governor of Kuangtung; Li Chin Hsi, Governor of Kuangsi; Ko Feng Shih, Imperial Commissioner for the simultaneous collection of all taxes and li-kin on opium in the eight provinces, Governor of Kueichou.\n\nWHEREAS we have received Imperial orders to consult the Board of Revenue as to the better management of fiscal matters; and whereas we have received a communication from the Ministers of the Board stating that His Imperial Majesty the Emperor has been pleased to approve a Memorial submitted by them for the simultaneous collection of all taxes and li-kin on opium coming from Szechuan, Yünnan, and Kueichou destined for sale in the eight provinces, and has been pleased to order that the scheme in the Memorial should be put into effect; and whereas the original Memorial proposed that a central office should be established at Ichang, in Hupei, for the collection of the taxes on opium and destination li-kin on boiled opium, and that branch offices should be established at Hung Chiang, in Hunan, and at Wuchow, in Kuangsi, and that the taxes and li-kin should be collected in accordance with the Regulations in force in Ichang; we, therefore, order that the destination li-kin shall be paid in advance on all opium, whether carried in steamers or sailing-boats. We have also, after consultation, added twelve new Regulations to those already in force, and have temporarily established the central office at Wuchang, and submitted these proposals in a Memorial to the Emperor.\n\nThe Regulations for the collection of the taxes at the offices at Ichang, Hung Chiang, and Wuchow shall continue to be the old ones. From the date of the enforcement of the new scheme, Ichang and Hung-chiang will collect for the Hukuang Provinces, and Wuchow will collect for the two Kuang Provinces.\n\nEach province will provisionally use its own documents and stamps on opium retailed in its borders in order to avoid confusion. On no account may opium destined for retail sale at present in stock in the Hu and Kuang Provinces be carried beyond their borders and confused with opium in other provinces.\n\nWhen application is made to convey opium beyond the limits of the eight provinces it will pay all taxes and li-kin. Opium carried in a steamer must pay all opium li-kin before dispatch. The central office will then issue a certificate and place a stamp on the opium. No further taxation will be imposed, whichever of the eight provinces may be declared as its destination.\n\nInspection and prevention of smuggling stations will be established at various important centres in Kiangsi, Anhui, Kiangsu, and Fukien. On the production at these stations of an export certificate issued by any office, stating that all taxes and li-kin have been paid, the opium will be passed free and certificate indorsed and stamped. If the certificate and the opium do not correspond, or the stamp (on the opium) bears traces of substitution, the facts shall be telegraphically reported to the central office for investigation and decision. If the opium does not bear the stamp of the central office it shall be confiscated according to Regulation.\n\nWhen on arriving at a customs barrier it is reported that opium has only paid the customs duty, the destination likin shall be made good, and paid to the inspection station in accordance with the Regulations in force for the four provinces, and the opium stamped with the stamp of the central office; it will then be allowed to be taken to any of the eight provinces and sold by retail.\n\nThe Reports of the various offices in the past show that, leaving Kiangsi and Anhui out of account, the amount of opium destined for Kiangsu and Fukien is trifling. Traders have not in the past established houses for the sale of opium beyond the eight provinces, and under present circumstances they cannot with justice carry it there for retailing purposes.\n\nStill it is much to be feared that when the scheme for the simultaneous collection of all taxes comes into operation, they will declare that the opium is destined for places not in the eight provinces, in the hope of escaping with the lesser tax on opium in transit to the detriment of the revenue. Steps must be taken to prevent this abuse. All opium that passes the stations of Ichang and Hung Chiang...",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "page_number": 738,
        "title": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "content_text": "723\n\n2\n\nI inclose a sheet of tracing paper on which I have marked lines (a) and (b), together with all names to which reference is made in Shih Taotai's Memorandum. I have added little else, lest the trees should obscure the wood; though I have taken the opportunity to identify and insert nearly all the localities mentioned in my despatches Nos. 11 and 37 of 1905. By superimposing the tracing paper on Shih Taotai's map, the remarks which I would now venture to submit will, I trust, gain in clearness.\n\nIf our motto is to be stet pro ratione voluntas, there can be no doubt that we could force Yunnan to acquiesce. She has few, if any, troops worth the name, and her treasury is empty. Should we proceed to administer up to \"Scott's Line\" she could offer no overt resistance.\n\nAs regards the blank in both our maps, the ground styled by Governor-General Ting \"Manbai Magna,\" and by Shih Taotai \"Territory of the Wild K'a,\" I do not think that the Yunnan Government would be inclined to raise difficulty. The only objection they might bring forward would be that this region lies well to the east of the boundary line drawn by Liu and Ch'en-tajen in 1900. But although Shih Taotai continues to identify Loi-mu Hill with the \"very lofty mountain range called Kong-ming-Shan\" of the Treaties, still I think that he would hardly have handed me, with the Governor-General's assent, his present map unless his Government are prepared to yield the ground between the Liu-Chen line and Shih's \"watersheds of the Namma River,\" or at the least to erect it into a sort of buffer State. (In his Memorandum he does, it is true, propose that it be divided.) They might possibly give up those parts of the Upper Hulu and of Mengtum that lie south and west of \"Scott's Line\"; what they will certainly strive to retain is the \"territory subject to the Hsi-ming Sawbwa,\" that is, Mong-hka and Mong-hsaw (coloured pink in Shih's map).\n\nIf we force them, without further explanation or negotiations, to surrender this district, we can hardly fail to embitter relations between Burmah and Yunnan, if not between Great Britain and China. We could not well occupy and administer it without at the same time either subduing the Wild Wa or—what would be scarcely less trouble—some and expensive becoming responsible for their recurring raids on undoubted Chinese territory.\n\nIf, on the other hand, there is still room for amicable discussion, I would venture to suggest that the following arguments might be brought to the knowledge of Governor-General Ting:\n\n1. The Agreement signed on the 4th February, 1897, by Sir Claude MacDonald and the late Grand Secretary Li Hung-chang, modifying the Burmah-China Frontier and Trade Convention of the 1st March, 1894, must be accepted as binding on the Governments of Burmah and of Yunnan. For purposes of the present controversy it is sufficient to apply this axiom to paragraphs 3 and 4 of Article 3 of that Agreement, which read as follows:—\n\n\"The frontier shall then follow the course of the river forming the boundary between Somu, which belongs to Great Britain, and Meng Ting, which belongs to China. It shall still continue to follow the frontier between those two districts, which is locally well known, to where it leaves the aforesaid river and ascends the hills, and shall then follow the line of water-parting between the tributaries of the Salween and the Meikong Rivers, from about longitude 99° east of Greenwich (17° 30′ west of Peking) and latitude 23° 20′ to a point about longitude 99° 40′ east of Greenwich (16° 50′ west of Peking) and latitude 23°, leaving to China the Tsawbwaships of Keng Ma, Mengtung, and Mengko.\n\n\"At the last-named point of latitude and longitude the line strikes a very lofty mountain range called Kong-Ming-Shan, which it shall follow in a southerly direction to about 99° 30′ east of Greenwich (17° west of Peking) and latitude 22° 30′, leaving to China the district of Chenpien Ting. Then, descending the western slope of the hills to the Namka River, it will follow the course of that river for about 10 minutes of latitude, leaving Munglem to China and Manglün to Great Britain. The frontier shall then follow the boundary between Munglem and Kiang Tung.\"\n\n2. The above two paragraphs were transferred, without substantial alteration, from the Convention of 1894 to the Agreement of 1897.\n\n3. The Convention of 1894 was drafted in English in London, where it was translated into Chinese and signed in both languages by Lord Rosebery and Hsieh Fu-ch'eng, the then Chinese Envoy to Great Britain.\n\n4. The only truly scientific method of indicating locality on the earth's surface is that of latitude and longitude. With this method China has been acquainted at any rate since the Jesuit Survey in the K'ang-hsi reign more than two centuries ago. The Chinese maps bound in with the native Gazetteer of Yunnan (\"Yunnan Tungchih\") employ this system. The references, therefore, to latitudes and longitudes in the Agreement cannot be ignored by the Yunnan Government, as they were, in effect, ignored by Liu and Ch'en, the Boundary Commissioners of 1900; these references are of the first importance.\n\nOn the contrary,\n\n6. The references to latitude and longitude in the clause now under examination are four, namely:\n\n(a.) Longitude 99° east of Greenwich (17° 30′ west of Peking), and latitude 23°20'.\n\n(b.) Longitude 99° 40′ east of Greenwich (16° 50' west of Peking), and latitude 23°.\n\n(c.) Longitude 99° 30′ east of Greenwich (17° west of Peking), and latitude 22° 30'.\n\n(d.) A point on the Namkha River situated 10 minutes of latitude from where the boundary between Menglem and Kiang Tung diverges from that river.\n\nThe first step to be taken is to mark the above four points on the map of the survey of India—a map the correctness of which is admitted by the Yunnan Government, as regards its physical features and lines of latitude and longitude, since they have adopted it as the basis of their own chart.\n\n(The four points are marked in red on the tracing paper.)\n\n6. When the above points are marked it will be found that they fall very nearly on the crests of certain mountain ranges admitted by Shih Taotai to be watersheds. The word \"about\" in the Treaty allows for the small difference found, but it would certainly not admit of the very great difference—40 minutes of longitude—required if the Liu-Ch'en line is to be taken to represent that of the Convention.\n\n7. Between points (a) and (b) the boundary, according to the Convention, is to \"follow the line of water-parting between the tributaries of the Salween and the Meikong Rivers.\" The water-parting is marked on Shih's map, and coincides with that portion of \"Scott's Line.\"\n\n**\n\n(This is not altogether the case between 99° 30′ and 99° 44', where \"Scott's Line\" is drawn across the supposititious head-waters of the Nam-hoit, Shih's Nan-wa. Mr. (now Sir George) Scott himself described it as \"to some extent conjectural.” Our main contention, however, is not affected—that we follow the watershed.)\n\n8. At point (b) the Convention boundary \"strikes a very lofty mountain range called Kong-Ming-Shan, which it follows in a southerly direction to point (c). Now, Shih's map admits that between (b) and (c) runs, in a markedly southern direction, the \"main watershed between the Mekong and the Salween,\" which watershed is merged at about longitude 99° 45′ and latitude 22° 40′ in a range which he calls K'ung-ming Shan. His Memorandum describes this K'ung-ming Shan as falling within the jurisdictions of four Sawbwaships—Hsi-ming, Mu-nai, Menglem, and Mengpin. If the term is to be confined to the range as marked on his map, then Mu-nai and Hsi-ming can have nothing to do with it; but if it includes the whole \"main watershed above, then the description in his Memorandum tallies with the wording of the Convention.\n\n9. For it must not be forgotten that, as stated above (section 3) the Convention was drafted in English. Now, no Englishman, unless trained in China, would distinguish between \"kung\" in the first tone and \"kung ('hkung'), with an aspirate, in the third. Writing by ear he would set down both as \"kong.\" No Chinese hieroglyph being supplied for this particular name, the translator in London naturally adopted one of those for \"kung\" (without the aspirate), and among the \"kungs\" that one which is in most common use and would harmonize sufficiently well with \"ming\" (\"clear\"), namely \"kung\" (\"just\").\n\n(He took, I suspect, similar liberties with the hieroglyphs to be used for \"Kunlong,\" two paragraphs higher up. I am inclined to think that the \"kuu\" is not \"kung\" (\"work\"), as he wrote it, but \"kun\" (\"whirling water\").)\n\nThe name Kong-Ming-Shan, therefore, of the English text must be taken to represent K'ung-ming Shan, and not, despite the Chinese text, a Kung-ming Shan, if such there be.\n\n3\n\nB 2\n\n[2147 an-1]",
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        "title": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "content_text": "10. We have no reliable evidence that Mount Loi-mu has ever been known as Kung-ming Shan, but only the assertion of General Liu, who never visited it. Sir George Scott, who did visit it, and who could interrogate the natives, declares that such a name as Kung-ming Shan is not applied to it. Even if it were, Mount Loi-mu cannot be the \"very lofty mountain range\" of the Convention, for this last runs, according to the Convention, from longitude 99° 40′ to longitude 99° 30′, whereas Mount Loi-mu is a solitary peak in longitude 99° 0′.\n\n11. From point (c) the Convention boundary \"descends the western slope of the hills to the Namka River.\" If point (c) were Mount Loi-mu the only possible slope by which to reach the Namkha would be the eastern. It is perfectly clear that the Convention boundary approaches the Namkha from the east and not from the west.\n\n12. The point where the boundary between Munglem and Kiang Tong diverges from the Namka River\" is admitted by both parties to be \"Cairn 1 on the south, where the Namyung stream debouches into the Namkha River\"-to quote from Shih's Memorandum. To find point (d), therefore, all we have to do is to measure 10 minutes of latitude (or 113 geographical miles) in a straight line to meet the Namkha on the north. This falls in the near neighbourhood of the Su-hsing (Hsuphse) stockade. It cannot possibly fall, where Shih's map makes it fall, at Nungkiu (Nawnghkio), for that is 45 minutes (or some 52 miles) north of Cairn 1.\n\n13. It will thus be seen that all the arguments from the (a) latitudes and longitudes, (b) watersheds and rivers, mentioned in the Treaty support Scott's Line,\" and do not agree with Shih Taotai's line, still less with that of Lin and Ch'en-tajen.\n\nThere remains the argument employed in Shih Taotai's Memorandum, namely, \"according to the Treaty Chenpien is left to China, as is also Menglem, and this implies that all territory controlled by Chenpien or Menglem is left to China.'\n\nNow by Article V of the Convention of March 1, 1894, Great Britain agreed for certain considerations to renounce in favour of China all the suzerain rights in and over the State of Menglem, formerly possessed by the Kings of Ava concurrently with the Emperors of China. China, by officially accepting this renunciation, formally admitted that Great Britain had possessed such suzerain rights up to that date, March 1, 1894. The asserted surrender to China by its Sawbwa, Li Tungming, of Hsi-ming (Mongkha) in 1891, the \"recovery by Imperial troops\" of Menghsaw in the same year, and the Memorial and Rescript that ensued--all of which are brought forward as arguments in Shih Taotai's Memorandum-cannot possibly be admitted to prove China's claim, since they took place previous to the above date. Menglem could not extend its territory, whether at the expense of Hsi-ming and Menghsaw or otherwise, in 1891 without the consent of its co-Suzerain Great Britain, This consent was never given; on the contrary, we have consistently protested against Chinese troops being sent to, or stationed in, Isi-ming and Menghsaw.\n\n14. As regards Chenpien, this Sub-Prefecture was not created till 1887, after the British succession to the suzerain rights of the Kings of Ava had been recognized by China, China, therefore, could not include in Chenpien, which was to be directly administered by Chinese officials, any territory over which Burmah in 1886 had possessed suzerain or co-suzerain rights. Accordingly the expression \"Chenpien \"as used in the Convention of 1894 does not, and cannot, comprise any territory, such as Hsi-ming, Menghsaw, Menglem, or Kiang Tung, that came under either of these categories. It is not, however, necessary now to argue this point, for Shih Taotai's map distinguishes clearly between the district directly administered by the Sub-Prefect of Chenpien and the territory subject to the Hsi-ming Sawbwa.\" Chenpien proper, in short, is left by \"Scott's Line\" entirely to China.\n\nPage 44\n\n15. A similar argument applies to the districts marked in Shih Taotai's map as appertaining to:--\n\n(a.) Upper Hulu, south of the watershed between the Great and Little Nam-kun Rivers (the Nam-kun and Nam-kawn); and\n\n(b.) Mengtum, west of the watershed between the Namt'ung (Namtum) and the Great Nam-kun (Nam-kawn).\n\nAny advance subsequent to the 1st January, 1886, made by Mengtum, Mengkaw, Kengma, or Mengting across their frontier lines as these stood on that date cannot be admitted by Great Britain as valid. If the above States can prove that certain villages were really administered by them south or west of those lines before 1886, then by Article VI of the Treaty of 1894 the alignment as laid down in that Convention may be altered \"on the principle of equivalent concessions.”\n\nPage 5\n\nI shall be glad to learn whether it is the desire of your Government that the above arguments, or any modification of them, should be communicated to the Government of Yunnan.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed)\n\nW. H. WILKINSON.\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nMemorandum on the Yunnan-Burmah Boundary, from the Namting to Nalawt, by Shih Hung-shao, formerly Acting Intendant of the Southern Circuit, and now Intendant of the Eastern Circuit.\n\n(Translation.)\n\n(Handed to Consul-General Wilkinson, July 25, 1906.)\n\nTHE present Memorandum deals with the undelimited frontier from Cairn 3 at Lai-bsing Shan (Loi Hseng), by the junction of the Namting and Nampa streams on the north, to Cairn 1 on the south, where the Namyung stream debouches into the Namkha River.\n\nThis boundary, it is to be observed, includes certain stockaded villages under the jurisdiction of the Mu-nai Tussu (Sawbwa), territory that has for many years paid land tax and \"corvée\" to the Chenpien Sub-Prefecture. There is Hsi-ming (Mengkha), originally subject to Menglem, but which later on seceded under Lo(hei) insurgents. Its Sawbwa, Tunguning, in the seventeenth year of the Kuang Hsi (1891) gave in his allegiance at the head of his men, and it has long been subject to the control of Chenpien. It has for years paid land tax and \"corvée.\" A Memorial that received the Imperial assent is conspicuous in men's eyes and ears. There is Mengso (Menghsaw), which also was originally subject to Menglem. It seceded under Han Ping-chao, but was recovered in the seventeenth year of the Kuang Hsu (1891) by Imperial troops and reverted to the control of Menglem, which receives land tax and * corvée,\" For all the above are records that may be consulted.\n\nFurther, this boundary follows the Namkha River from places east of the Namıkhan River, such as Namping, Kuauteh, Lungkhan, Fulang, Moyang, Lengkhau, Suhsing (Hsuphse), Kunghsin, Wengwo, and Manpien, some dozens of stockaded villages that were either old Menglem territory which for years paid land tax and provided labour and has never seceded, or which, having seceded under the rebels Cha and Han, has long since been recovered by the Imperial troops and for years been garrisoned. This is undoubtedly territory controlled and governed by Chenpien and Menglem (or, by Menglem in Chenpien).\n\nAccording to the Treaty, Chenpien is left to China, as is also Menglem; and this implies that all territory controlled by Chenpien or Menglem is left to China.\n\nAgain, the Treaty reads, \"shall follow the course of the river forming the boundary between Somu, which belongs to Great Britain, and Meng Ting, which belongs to China. It shall continue to follow the frontier between these two districts, which is locally well known, to where it leaves the aforesaid river and ascends the hills.\" If the boundary-line follows the Namting River, that forms the boundary, then not only the whole of Panbung, in the Upper Hulu, would be left to China, but Hn-pan (Hopang), belonging to Pank'uang (Pangkuan), in the Lower Hulu, and other places, would all have to be marked off as Chinese.\n\nIf this is abandoned and another boundary-line proposed, it would not follow the Namting River, but would start from the south bank of that river, west of Tungkha Hill, and go by Kungmeng (Kawngmawng) and the Menglin (Mongling) Hills to the Pach'ang Hills. To make a division by the Panhung and Pankuang Hills (2.q., to divide along the line of hills forming the frontier between Panbung and Pank'uang) would leave Panhung, in the Upper Hulu, to China, and Pank'uang, in the Lower Hulu, to Great Britain.\n\nAgain, it was originally suggested to leave the parts of the Kawa (Vü) territories bordering on Yünnan to Yunnan, and those bordering on Burmah to Burmah. This suggestion was very fair. The Wild Was' lands lie between Yünnan and Burmah. When delimited, account should be taken of local conditions. In short, Yunnan cannot overstep the Wild Was' lands and occupy districts controlled by Burmah Sawbwas; nor can Burmah overstep the Wild Was' lands and occupy districts controlled by Yunnan T'ussu. This is equitable dealing.\n\nPage 729",
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        "content_text": "368\n\n2\n\n2. Pakma to Hsunchow.-Above Pakma, where is a well-known li-kin station, the river is found running through a large plain, which, with varying width, stretches from Pakma up to Kuei Hsien. The mountains in the far distance on the north form a continuous range, which occasionally sweeps south towards the river, touching it 30 miles south above Pakma at Konghon, and again 15 miles above that at Hsunchow. These mountains have the valleys at their base scantily covered with pine. The river banks are from 20 feet to 30 feet high, and from the ship can be obtained only occasional glimpses of the plain, which, at least near the river, appears to be well cultivated, producing rice, mulberry, and sugar-cane. Frequent villages are scattered along the banks, but even in this fat country the population does not appear to be great. Ping Nam is an important market town, and Konghou, well placed at the lower junction of the West River main branch with the Yu Kiang, is the busiest place we meet until we arrive at Hsunchow-fu, situated at the upper junction of these two rivers.\n\n3. Hsunchow to Kuei Hsien-At Hsunchow (Kueiping, Samchow are the local names) our route leaves the main branch of the West River and follows the Yu Kiang, which is here only about 250 yards wide. The country between Hsunchow and Kuei Hsien seems to have a natural division line just about the place where the Kueiping and Kuei Hsien prefectures meet. For 40 miles along the river below this boundary the banks show at intervals a dark red stratified rock, while throughout the 15 miles above, between the boundary and the town of Kuei Hsien, limestone rock is predominant. With this division a change in the nature of the country corresponds fairly closely. The first 40 miles of land along the river seems practically waste land, a rough, uncultivated continuation of the plain we have been following from Pakma, growing coarse, long grass with a few pines. In the stretch of 15 miles approaching Kuei Hsien the plain is very flat and well cultivated, producing sugar and rice. The bamboo reappears and pines almost disappear. One or two villages are dotted along the banks, and it was in this district we saw the first carts, which are unknown between Hsunchow and the sea.\n\nThe above description will help one to realize the fact that for fully half of our entire route between Wuchow and Kuei Hsien the country appears to be quite unproductive, except for timber on the hill-sides. From a commercial point of view the most striking fact is the scarcity of river traffic between these two points. Except near the big centres like Hsunchow, Konghon, and Kuei Hsien, and to a small extent Têng Hsien and Ping Nam, one meets nothing on the river for mile after mile except an occasional junk carrying firewood, hides, or poultry, and some fishing-boats. A few steam launches, most of them flying the British flag, represent the foreign-built vessels. Some small timber rafts were seen below Konghou.\n\nAs regards animals, buffaloes and red cattle are fairly numerous along the river banks, especially near Hsunchow, Kuei Hsien, and Ping Nam. Above Hsunchow one enters the pony country. Ducks and geese are frequently seen in large flocks.\n\n3. Notes on Towns en route.\n\nTêng Hsien is the West River port for Wat Lum, an important distributing centre in the south of the province, which has also a seaport in Pakhoi, on the Tonquin Gulf. Except for some 30 miles near Wat Lum, goods can go by boat from Pakhoi to Têng Hsien.\n\nBefore the opening of Wuchow in 1897, Wat Lum was within the area of commercial attraction of Pakhoi; since then, it has been gradually drawn within the West River area. Sumatran oil is the chief foreign article now taken by Wat Lum from Pakhoi, and even this import seems to be dwindling in quantity year by year. If the French railway is ever built from Kwang Chow Wan through Wat Lum to Kueilin, it will follow the valley of the Têng River.\n\nKuei Hsien. I called on the Magistrate, who was very friendly, and who informed us that, apart from the \"Moorhen,\" only one foreign gun-boat had visited the town this summer; he disagreed, however, with his Secretary as to whether it was of French or German nationality, finally deciding in favour of French. It does not say a great deal for the impression made by the different foreign gun-boats that the \"Tsingtao\" has since been remembered as French.\n\nOn the 12th August I paid a visit to the San Cha Shan silver mines, 15 miles to the north-west. The first half of the journey, before we got into the hills, was over a large fertile plain cultivated with rice and millet (\"kao-liang\"). Here we met a constant procession of men carrying baskets of liquid indigo into Kuei Hsien. Rice, however, is the chief product of the district.\n\nThe Chinese overseer in charge of the mines said they had been closed now for over a year. After running at a loss of from 2,000 dollars to 3,000 dollars a-month, the Hua Sing Company had made them over to Government. The expenses latterly had been about 6,000 dollars a-month, including 20 cents a-day each for some 250 coolies. The coal used for smelting was Japanese, and cost on delivery at the mines 20 dollars a-ton. This included 6 dollars a-ton paid for carriage by coolies over the hills from Kuei Hsien. About 100 tons were used each month. The produce of the mines was valued at about 5,000 dollars to 3,000 dollars a-month; but, though the loss was thus heavy, the overseer believes that some Chinese Syndicate in Hong Kong will attempt to work them again. A great many of the old employés were still living near the mines. Some were washing for ore in the hill streams, making, they say, about 10 cents a-day; others of the old employés had taken to indigo cultivation, which is carried on here with considerable success.\n\nKuei Hsien boasts two new-model elementary schools, upper and lower grade. Each has 100 pupils. Expenses are defrayed from the \"t'u chuan\" (tax on pigs killed), the revenue of temple lands, and the proceeds of the old University, now abolished. The schools were opened only this year, and are not yet quite complete. English and Japanese are to be taught in the upper-grade school by Chinese instructors. The French missionaries here, on whom I called, propose to build a church shortly.\n\nHsunchow Chow-fu.The 15th August, the Emperor of China's birthday, was spent here, and the \"Moorhen,\" dressed ship for the occasion, and gave a firework display in the evening, which was much appreciated by the inhabitants. While mentioning these details, I may add that throughout the trip the \"Moorhen\" did its best to show the flag, having a jack in the bow, a white ensign at the main, and the same aft.\n\nI did not see the Prefect, as, according to the message from his yamên, he had gone to the hills in connection with some ceremonies in honour of the Emperor. This official had just taken over office from his predecessor, of whom Mr. Fox had to complain in 1904.\n\nThe church of the French Mission was built in 1902, and is a conspicuous feature in the town. The city is well provided educationally, having primary and elementary schools and a middle college, all on the new plan. The elementary schools were clean and well ordered, while the middle college was quite palatial. In the latter the students, for some of whom there are dormitories, number over 200, and English and Japanese are both taught by Chinese instructors.\n\n4. Competition with West River Trade.\n\nWhen in Pakhoi, I was informed that before the opening of the West River the total value of trade between Nanning and Pakhoi was over 1,000,000 Haikwan taels. This has been almost entirely diverted down the West River, and the Nanning trade with Pakhoi is at present practically nil.\n\nLately native newspapers have again raised rumours as to French engineers surveying the Lungchow-Nanning route, but the intermediate country is generally recognized to be so poor and dangerous that it is extremely doubtful whether a line from Nanning to connect with the Haiphong-Hanoi-Dongdang line would pay. Except perhaps in three winter months such a line, provided there were no differential rates, would probably do little to divert the general current of traffic from the West River. As for the proposed railway from Nanning to Pakhoi, the apparent failure of Kwang Chow Wan as a commercial port is likely to prevent the French from building such a line, if they ever seriously thought of it, which seems doubtful.\n\nAt Wuchow many rumours were current in regard to the imminent opening (effectively) of Nanning, and the Commissioner there, Herr von Strauch, left for Nanning in a launch on the 7th August with a view, it was said, to making arrangements for Customs quarters.\n\n5. Attitude of Natives: Piracy.\n\nThe natives along the route were quite friendly; in no case was insult offered to any one when ashore. The usual crowds formed in the streets to stare, but their behaviour was generally orderly.\n\n3",
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        "content_text": "## Baron von der Goltz's Interview with the Viceroy\n\nBaron von der Goltz inquired if I had any objection to his seeing the Viceroy on the subject, to which I replied in the negative. He has since told me that the Viceroy, with whom he had an interview some days ago, professed to have no knowledge of the recent negotiations, but promised to give the matter his consideration when he returned to Tien-tsin on the completion of the autumn manoeuvres.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\n## Inclosure 1 in No. 1\n\n### TIEN-TSIN-CHINKIANG RAILWAY\n\n#### Chinese Counter-Proposals of 1903\n\n**THE Imperial Government of China** authorizes the Syndicate Banks to issue a 5 per cent. gold loan for an amount of about £7,400,000. The loan shall be dated the ... and called \"**The Imperial Chinese Five per Cent. Tien-tsin-Chinkiang Railway Loan**.\"\n\n1. The loan is designed to provide the capital for the construction of Government railway lines from a point connecting the Imperial Railways of North China at or near Tien-tsin through Tetschou and Tsinan-fu to Ihsien near the southern frontier of Shantung, hereinafter known as the northern section of the Tien-tsin-Chinkiang Railway lines, and from Ihsien to Kwachow (Chiukiang) on the Yang-tsze-kiang, hereinafter known as the southern section of the Imperial Chinese Railway lines, the total length of these two sections being about 982 kilom., equal to 1,800 li.\n\n2. The capital so provided will include the funds required for the purchase of land, rolling-stock, and other equipment, and for working the lines, together with interest on the loan during the period of construction, which is considered to be six years from the actual beginning of the works, the commencement of the works not to be delayed beyond six months after this Agreement has been signed, within which period the sum of £500,000 shall be placed at the disposal of the Board of Commissioners. In the event of construction works having to be stopped on account of the Syndicate Banks failing to supply the funds as specified in this Agreement, such sums as have been spent out of the £500,000 shall be considered as forfeited and the Agreement cancelled.\n\n3. The rate of interest for the loan shall be 5 per cent. per annum on the nominal principal of each call, and shall be paid by the Board of Commissioners for account of the Imperial Chinese Government during the time fixed for the construction out of the proceeds of the loan, and afterwards out of the revenue of the lines named in half-yearly instalments as paid to the bondholders according to the amounts and dates of the Schedule attached to this Agreement.\n\n4. The term of the loan shall be fifty years. Repayment of principal shall commence in the eleventh year from the date of the loan, and shall be made by a yearly sinking fund to the Syndicate Banks in yearly instalments out of the revenue of the lines according to the amounts and dates of the Schedule attached to this Agreement.\n\n5. In the event of the Imperial Chinese Government wishing to redeem after the lapse of twelve and a-half years from the date of the loan, the outstanding amount or any portion of it not yet due it may do so at any time after the expiration of twelve and a-half years from the date of the loan, on condition that any bonds redeemed in excess of the amount mentioned in the Schedule shall be paid for at a premium of 2½ per cent.\n\n6. After the line has been completed the yearly payments due for amortization and the half-yearly payments due for interest, except as otherwise provided in clause 4, shall be made in accordance with the amounts and dates of the Schedule attached to this Agreement out of the net revenue of the railway line to the Syndicate Banks by the Board of Commissioners hereinafter mentioned, who shall hand to the Bank in Shanghae or Tien-tsin twenty-one days before the due dates named in the Schedule funds in Shanghae or Tien-tsin, sycee sufficient to meet such payments in sterling in Europe, the rate of exchange for which shall be settled with the Bank at the best rate procurable in the market; these payments may, however, be made in Europe on the date due if the Imperial Government desire to do so, and shall bear interest at the best market rate procurable from the date of payment by the Chinese Government to the date of actual payment to the bondholders.\n\n7. In reimbursement of expenses connected with the service of interest and principal of the loan, the Syndicate Banks will receive a commission of ¼ per cent. on the annual loan service.\n\n8. ... left out; for the time being Chinese wish to drop this article altogether.\n\n9. This entire loan shall be secured by a first mortgage on the permanent way, rolling-stock and entire property together with the revenue of the lines named in clause 2. No further loan, charge, or mortgage, shall be charged on this security except with the written consent of the Syndicate Banks until the present loan is redeemed. When the loan is completely redeemed clause 28 of this Agreement shall take effect.\n\n10. The Syndicate Banks will be authorized to issue to the subscribers to the loan bonds for the amount of the loan in pounds sterling in such form, in such languages, and for such amounts as shall appear advisable to the Syndicate Banks. These bonds shall be sealed in China by the Imperial Directors, and in Europe by the Ministers for China in London or Berlin as the case may be, as evidence that the Imperial Government of China is bound thereby as debtor of the loan. The form of such bonds shall be settled in consultation with the Imperial Directors. Whatever foreign language may be used for the purpose of the bonds the Chinese text shall also be printed thereon. In the event of bonds issued for this loan being lost, stolen, or destroyed, the Syndicate Banks shall immediately notify the Imperial Directors or the Chinese Minister in London or Berlin, as the case requires, who shall authorize the Banks to insert an advertisement in the public newspapers notifying that payment of the same has been stopped, and to take such other steps as may appear advisable or necessary according to the laws and customs of the country; should such bonds not be recovered after a lapse of time to be fixed by the Syndicate Banks the Imperial Directors, Chinese Minister in Berlin or London, as the case may be, shall seal and execute duplicate bonds for a like amount and hand them to the Bank by whom all expenses in connection therewith shall be defrayed.\n\n11. All bonds and coupons and payments made and received in connection with the service of this loan, shall be exempt from all Chinese stamp taxes and imposts during the currency of this loan.\n\n12. All details necessary for the prospectus and connected with the service after this interest and repayment of the principal of this loan not explicitly provided for shall be left to the arrangement of the Syndicate Banks in conjunction with the Imperial Directors, or with the Chinese Minister in London or Berlin, as the case may be. The Syndicate Banks will be authorized to issue a prospectus of the loan as soon as possible after the signing of the present Agreement. The Imperial Government of China will instruct the Chinese Ministers in London and Berlin to co-operate with the Syndicate Banks in any matters requiring conjoint action, and the Chinese Minister in Berlin will sign the prospectus of the loan.\n\n13. The loan is to be floated within twelve months from the date of this Agreement, and in one issue divided into several calls, the date of such calls to be determined by the requirements of the work as estimated by the Board of Commissioners and subscriptions will be invited by the Syndicate in Europe and China both from Europeans and Chinese on equal conditions, preference being given to applications from the Chinese Government.\n\n14. The Syndicate Banks shall take the loan at the price of 90 per cent. net on the nominal principal to the Chinese Government. The proceeds of the loan shall be paid to the credit of Tien-tsin Chinkiang Government Railway account with the Syndicate Banks in China, London, or Berlin, as the case may be. The payment into the credit of this account shall be made in such instalments and on such dates as the conditions allowed to the subscribers to the loan shall admit. Interest at the best market rate shall be granted on the credit balance of this railway account. After deduction of the funds required for the service of interest and for commission on this service during the time of construction the Syndicate Banks will hold the proceeds with accrued interest to the order of the Board of Commissioners, and the Commissioners in drawing any sums exceeding £10,000 necessary for the construction shall give notice to the Syndicate Banks fourteen days before the day on which they are required.\n\n15. If during the time of construction the whole amount of the instalments with accrued interest to be paid by the Syndicate Banks should, after deduction of the sums necessary for service of interest on the loan, not be sufficient for the construction of the railway lines, the amount of deficiency shall be provided by a supplementary loan to be ...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 9,
        "title": "CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## 30 \nLiterally taken from Article 31 of the Preliminary Agreement with the addition at the end of \"such transfers, sub-transfers, delegations, or sub-delegations to be subject to the approval of the Imperial Chinese Directors.\"\n\n## 31 \nThe Imperial Chinese Government may affix on the railway telegraph poles such wires as they may at any time deem necessary for the Government service and likewise the Chinese Telegraph Administration may also affix on the railway telegraph poles such wires as the Telegraph Administration may require for their service, and for so affixing wires on the railway poles the Telegraph Administration shall contribute towards the cost of the erection of the poles and of their annual maintenance in proportion to the number of wires owned by the Telegraph Administration to those owned by the Railway Administration. The Railway Administration shall not accept any commercial telegrams for transmission over their lines excepting under special arrangements with the Telegraph Administration.\n\n## 32 \nThe Imperial Government shall take all reasonable measures to protect the property of the railway in case of need, and should at any time the Board of Commissioners deem policing necessary at any point on the line it shall be supplied by and at the expense of the Railway Administration. Under no circumstances must any foreign force be sent on the line or be posted about the station premises.\n\n## 33 \nThe railway shall not carry any mails other than those dispatched by the Imperial Chinese Postal Departments and shall observe such regulations as the Imperial Government may adopt from time to time in respect of mail matters conveyed by the railway. The railway service mails may, however, be conveyed free of restrictions.\n\n## 34 \nDifferences arising between the Imperial Directors and the Syndicate Banks shall be submitted to two Arbitrators, one to be nominated by each side, and in the event of such Arbitrators being unable to agree they shall themselves appoint an Umpire whose decision shall be final and binding.\n\n## 35 \nThe provisions of this Agreement shall after signature be memorialized to the Throne by the Imperial Directors for ratification by an Imperial Edict, which shall be communicated by the Wai-wu Pu to the Ministers for Germany and Great Britain in Peking.\n\n## 36 \nFive sets of this Agreement are executed in English and Chinese, one set to be retained by the Wai-wu Pu, one set by the Board of Commerce, one by the Imperial Directors, and one by each Syndicate Bank. In the event of any doubt arising regarding the interpretation of the contract the English text shall rule.\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1\n### Final Agreement\nIn accordance with Article 33 of a Preliminary Agreement which under the date of the 18th May, 1899, has been signed at Peking on behalf of the Imperial Government of China and an Anglo-German Syndicate for the construction of railways from Tien-tsin to the Yang-tsze-Kiang, the following Final Agreement has now been made between duly authorized to act on behalf of the Imperial Government of China, hereinafter called the Imperial Directors of the one part, and (a) the Deutsch-Asiatische Bank, Shanghae; (b) Messrs. Jardine, Matheson and Co., as agents for and on behalf of the Chinese Central Railways, Limited of London, hereinafter called \"the Syndicate,\" of the other part.\n\n1. The Imperial Government of China authorises the Syndicate to issue a 5 per cent. gold loan for an amount of £... millions ... hundred thousand pounds sterling. The loan shall be dated the ... and called \"The Imperial Chinese 5 per Cent. Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway Loan.\"\n\n## 7 \n2. The loan is designed to provide the capital for the construction of a Government railway line from a point connecting the trunk line with the Imperial railways of North China, at or near Tien-tsin, through Tetschou, Tsiuanfu, Yentschoufu and Ihsien (district) to the southern frontier of Shantung, called the northern section, and further from this frontier, through Likuo, Hsutchou, Linkwai to Pukou (Nanking), called the southern section of the line. The total length of the lines is estimated to be about 1,085 kilom., equal to about 2,170 Chinese li.\n\n3. The capital so provided will include the funds required for the purchase of the necessary land, rolling-stock, and other equipment, and for working the lines, together with interest on the loan during the period of construction, which is considered to be four years from the actual beginning of the works, the commencement of the works not to be delayed beyond six months after this Agreement has been signed. Construction shall proceed simultaneously for the German section to the north and to the south of Tsinanfu, as well as for the English section to the north of Pukow.\n\n4. The rate of interest for the loan shall be 5 per cent. per annum on the nominal principal of each call, and shall be paid by the Boards of Commissioners in half-yearly instalments for account of the Imperial Chinese Government during the time fixed for the construction, out of the proceeds of the loan, and afterwards out of the revenue of the lines named as far as this will be sufficient; the deficient amount shall be met by the Imperial Chinese Government from other sources.\n\n5. The term of the loan shall be fifty years. Repayment of principal shall commence in the eleventh year from the date of the loan, and shall be made by a yearly sinking fund to the Deutsch-Asiatische Bank and to the bank nominated by the Chinese Central Railways (Limited), viz. the Hong Kong and Shanghae Banking Corporation, who have signed this Agreement as evidence of their acceptance of the duties imposed upon them under this Agreement in yearly instalments according to the amounts and dates of the Schedule attached to this Agreement out of the revenue of the lines as far as this will be sufficient; the deficient amount shall be met by the Imperial Chinese Government from other sources. Therefore the whole annual net revenue of the two sections of the railway shall be thrown together to cover the requirements of the service of the loan for interest and sinking fund, and the respective necessary amounts for this service shall be put at the disposal of the Boards of Commissioners. The remaining of the pooled sums is to be divided in proportion of 65 per cent. for the German section, and 35 per cent. for the English section, and rendered to the respective Boards for further application as indicated by Article 28 of this Agreement.\n\n6. In the event of the Imperial Chinese Government wishing to redeem after the lapse of ... years from the date of the loan the outstanding amount or any portion of it, not yet due, from funds bona fide belonging to the Chinese Government or subscribed by Chinese merchants, the conditions for such redemption must first be arranged with the Syndicate when the time arrives. Such premature redemption or an increase of amortization will not take place before the year...\n\n7. After the line has been completed the yearly payments due for amortization and the half-yearly payments due for interest shall be made, in accordance with the amounts and dates of the Schedule attached to this Agreement, to the Deutsch-Asiatische Bank and to the Hong Kong and Shanghae Banking Corporation, in Shanghae or Tien-tsin, twenty-one days before the due dates named in the Schedule, by funds in Shanghae or Tien-tsin sycee sufficient to meet such payment in sterling in Europe, the rate of exchange for which shall be settled with the two banks at the best procurable rate of exchange. These payments will be made out of the net revenue of the railway lines by the Boards of Commissioners hereinafter mentioned, and in case of deficiency of this revenue by the Imperial Government of China. In reimbursement of expenses connected with the service of interest and principal of the loan the two banks will receive a commission of ... per cent. on the annual loan service.\n\n8. This entire loan shall be secured by a first mortgage on the permanent way, rolling-stock, and entire property, together with the revenue of the lines named in clause 2. No further loan, charge, or mortgage shall be charged on this security, except with the written consent of the Syndicate, until the present loan is redeemed. In the event of default in payment of interest or repayment of principal of this loan on due dates, the railway lines and property so mortgaged shall be handed over to the Syndicate, to be dealt with in such manner as may be legal and necessary for the full and effective protection of the bondholders. When the loan is completely redeemed clause 27 of this Agreement shall take effect.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## \n\nBy the new reforms only the 2nd and 4th Divisions will be directly under the Viceroy, and that in only such questions as training and recruiting, all the other divisions will be directly under the War Office. Furthermore, they hope to abolish the Tu-lien-Ch'u, which is nominally a junior Army Council at Tien-tsin under the higher Army Council (Lien-ping Chu) at Peking. As a matter of fact, whilst the Lien-ping-Ch'u was more or less a nominal Council, the Tu-lien Ch'u, which had its office in the Viceroy's Yamên and was his advisory Council, really controlled the army and had most of the young men of talent (chiefly students from Japan).\n\nThe reformers also hope in the spring to divide the provinces—at present organized in military matters—into military commands, for instance, the Provinces of Chih-li, Shan-tung, and Ho-nan might be put in military matters under Viceroy Yuan, with some such rank as Inspector-General, Hu-nan and Hu-pei under Chang-chih-Tung, An-hui, Kiang-su, and Kiang-si under Tuan-fang. Their powers might be extended, or fresh Inspector-Generals made, as other provinces become qualified for the Lu Chün. A scheme also is on foot for starting a clothing department for the whole army.\n\nHis Excellency Tang Shao-yi said that the Viceroy pays for two divisions. He gets the money partly from profits on the Imperial Railways of North China, salt, and wine duties, and the rest from provincial sources. By the new War Office reforms, the Viceroy is out of the army in name, but his influence will remain, and things will go on as before.\n\nMr. Gardner, of the Hong Kong and Shanghae Bank, says that the money received by the Grand Council comes from the profits on the North China Imperial Railway, and not from the mints, whose profits have fallen considerably. It is quite a mistaken idea to believe that China is very poor; in fact, there is any amount of money in the country. All revenues, &c., are regularly paid in, but the money thus received is not expended on the objects for which it was intended, but finds its way into the pockets of greedy officials. In addition, all the Boards have large reserve funds at the banks, and it is correct that the Lien-ping Ch'u reserve is about 3,000,000 taels. The Viceroy is personally hard up for funds, and it is important that he should be backed up in his efforts to raise money. Last summer, 4,000,000 taels of arrears of pay were owing to the Lu Chün, and at one time there was nearly a mutiny on the subject.\n\nExperience shows that all Chinese statements must be accepted with caution, because of the national passion for inaccuracy; but pending the acquisition of future data, one must be cautious in expressing an opinion as to how the new changes in the War Office will affect the army. It may only be a change in name, and affairs may be continued as before. On the other hand, the Viceroy, in name at any rate, is out of the army, and this may change everything.\n\nIt is all-important for its success that the army should have a strong man at its head, and also that it should not run short of funds.\n\nIn the new War Office, the Manchu influence, which is usually conservative, and therefore detrimental to the interests of the army, is predominant. The President of the Board of Revenue is also a Manchu.\n\nThe Tu-lien Ch'u contained the greater part of whatever brains there are in Chinese Army Councils. If it is abolished, the influence of its members will be transferred from the service of the Viceroy to that of the War Office, and his authority in the Lu Chün will thereby probably be considerably weakened.\n\nAmongst other reforms, the duties of paying the army will be taken from the Tu-lien Ch'u and assumed by the War Office, and this would probably weaken to some extent the Viceroy's authority.\n\nThe Viceroy, according to Colonel Ting, was offered the post of Secretary of War; but as this would have entailed his giving up the somewhat independent post of Viceroy, he had to refuse. A difficulty, it appears to me, will arise if Viceroy Yuan and other Viceroys are made Inspector-Generals of military commands, as in that case, they must in a certain sense, in military matters, be subordinate to Tieh Liang.\n\nMany Chinese object to Viceroy Yüan's influence over the Lu Chün, and say that it is nothing more than a provincial army under the Viceroy of Chih-li. This, in a sense, is true, but this is necessary, as the army can never be reformed unless it has the support of the strongest men available, and the process of reform has to be started in a small way in one province and to be gradually spread out so as to absorb the whole Empire. This, of course, arouses the hostility of Viceroys and Governors of other provinces, who will gradually lose the control of their armies, and there is always the possibility of their getting the upper hand and retrograding to the old state of chaos, as represented by effete provincial armies. Perpetual army changes are bound to be detrimental to the interests of the army; unluckily, the Chinese are always eager to plunge into them before they know what they really want.\n\nI was not by any means an enthusiastic admirer of the Lien-ping Ch'u; nevertheless, that moribund institution had the advantage of being directed chiefly by Viceroy Yuan, and he was thus able to be recognized both de jure and de facto as the moving spirit of the Lu Chün. His absence, therefore, though it may only be nominal, causes me to look upon the new War Office with some misgiving.\n\n**(Signed)** G. PEREIRA, Lieutenant-Colonel,  \nGrenadier Guards, Military Attaché.\n\nPeking, November 24, 1906.\n\n## Page 201",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## Inclosure 1 in No. 1\n### Prince Ching to Sir J. Jordan\n\nSir,\n\nI HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency's note of the 21st January, 1907, respecting the delay in establishing custom-houses in Northern and Southern Manchuria, to the detriment of British sea-borne trade, and requesting that custom-houses may be established at Antung and Tatungkou before the spring, so that the Tariff duties may be collected impartially and irrespective of nationality.\n\nI have the honour to state in reply that we are at present actually engaged in making preparations for opening custom-houses for the levy of duty at Antung and Tatungkou, and are only awaiting the completion of satisfactory arrangements for the opening of these establishments before the spring.\n\nI avail, &c.\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1\n### Report by Mr. Coales respecting Antung and Tatungkou\n\n#### Situation\nAntung is situated on the right bank of the Yalu River, at the point where the several branches into which that river and the Ai-kiang divide, after leaving the mountains, reunite and form a broad tidal stream. It is distant about 30 miles from the sea.\n\nThe town is built on a low plain between the river and a range of hills, and is bounded on the north and south by two streams called the Hsiao-sha-ho and the Ch'i-tao-kou. The Ta-sha-ho, which flows from Fenghuangch'êng and enters the Yalu just above Antung, has given the local name of Sha-ho-tzu or Sha-ho-chên to Antung. The Chi-tao-kou, or Seventh Creek, is the last of a series of creeks entering the Yalu on the right bank, which give their names to the districts they drain; for example, the site of the Japanese Settlement is also known as Chi-tao-kou. In order to avoid the periodical freshets of the Yalu which flood the lower parts of the town to the depth of 10 to 15 feet, the town has extended up the lower slopes of the hills, and here the inhabitants take refuge during these inundations.\n\nAbout 10 miles to the north-east by road from Antung is the Corean town of Wiju or Ichou, on the left bank of the river. It was formerly important as the centre of the trans-frontier trade and seat of the Corean Frontier Customs, but it now seems destined to decay in consequence of the rise of a new town, called by the Japanese New Wiju or Hsin Ichou, and Malientung by the Chinese, at the riverside terminus of the North Corean Railway, about 1 mile below Antung. A small town of some 1,400 Japanese, 200 Chinese, and 80 Coreans has already sprung up here.\n\nFarther down the river on the left bank is the Corean town of Yongampho, called by the Chinese Lung-yen-p'n or Lung-pao-kou. It is about 18 miles from Antung.\n\nThirty miles from Antung on the right bank of the Yalu estuary is the Chinese town of Tatungkou. It is situated at the edge of a plain at the junction of two tidal creeks connecting with the Yalu, called respectively on the north the Tung-tien-kou and on the south the Ta-tung-kou. The town consists of two or three long streets running parallel to the creeks and a number of cross lanes. On the eastern bank of the creeks is an almost uninhabited reed flat extending to the open estuary.\n\n#### The River Yalu\nThe River Yalu is tidal as far as Hsich-li-miao, about 13 miles above Antung. At Antung the tide rises at springs 9 feet and at neaps 6 feet. At Yongampho spring rise is 18 feet and neap rise 13 feet, and in the estuary at Hung-Shan or Tasarugi the rises are 23 and 16 feet respectively.\n\nThe river is closed to navigation by ice at Antung about the 22nd November, and at Tatungkou about the 7th December, and opens about the 20th March and the 5th March respectively.\n\nOff the native town at Antung the Yalu is rather less than half-a-mile broad, but off New Wiju it is nearly two-thirds of a mile broad. Towards the sea it broadens out rapidly, and has an estuary several miles wide. Unfortunately its navigation is much obstructed by shoals and banks which are dry at low tide, and there is a shallow bar just below Yongampho which prevents any but small steamers reaching either that town or Antung. An additional difficulty in its navigation is the changing character of these shoals, which a violent freshet may completely alter. The average size of steamers running to Antung is therefore only about 500 tons, drawing 6 to 7 feet of water, but Mr. Okabe, the Japanese Consul, told me that a steamer drawing 12 feet had under very favourable circumstances reached the Japanese Settlement in 1906, and that now the river is getting better known larger steamers are able to come up. Under these limitations there is good anchorage at Antung from above the native Customs to a point called San-tao-lang-t'ou, about 7 miles below, except at one or two points. On the other hand, the Corean side is shallow. In former years vessels running under Inland Waters Rules used to anchor off the native town, but in 1906 Japanese steamers running from Chefoo have been berthed off the Japanese Settlement, and when the railway bridge, to which I refer later, is built, steamers will be forced to stop below this.\n\nBelow San-tao-lang-t'ou the deep channel passes to the Corean side, and there is an anchorage near Yongampho. It is said to be not so good as that at Antung, and to be silting up.\n\nIn the estuary of the Yalu there are three anchorages. That which is said to be the most commodious, and which is used by steamers from Chefoo bringing or taking cargo to or from Tatungkou and Antung, is on the west, near the Islands of Chang-tzu-shan and Hsiang-pi-tzu-shan (the Corean names in Chinese are Hsin-tao and Ma-tao respectively). Steamers wait here for the tide to take them up the river, or cargo is lightered and conveyed into Tatungkou or up to Antung. The other anchorages are on the Corean side, near the Islands of K'u-lung-mên (Japanese, Bumbegi or Pai-men) and Hungshan (Japanese, Tasarugi). Steamers from Chemulpho and Japan usually anchor at K'u-lung-men, and lighter their cargo up to Yongampho or Antung and load export cargo. During the war transports of 6,000 tons anchored at Hungshan.\n\nThe islands in the river, both those above Antung and those in the estuary, including Chang-tzu-shan and Hsiang-pi-tzu-shan, are Corean territory.\n\nAs steamers are unable to enter the creeks at Tatungkou the anchorage for that town is at Hsiang-pi-tzu-shan. The harbour at Tatungkou consists of the two above-mentioned creeks, Tung-tien-kou and Ta-tung-kou. They contain no water at low tide, and when full can only be used by Chinese boats. Their average breadth is about 100 feet, and there is a broad foreshore on the town bank. Tatungkou owes its importance as a timber port to these creeks. Timber descending the Yalu is floated with the tide into the Tung-t'ien-kou up to the town, and is there handled and stacked on the broad foreshore. When exported it is loaded on junks and conveyed out by the Ta-tung-kou, and in this way the congestion which might constantly happen is prevented. An advantage which Tatungkou enjoys over Antung in the timber business is its immunity from the disastrous floods which at the latter place are liable to wash away...",
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        "content_text": "## \n\nadopted for the conduct of these negotiations under the instructions recently conveyed to the Chinese Commissioners by the Board of Communications.\n\nTaotais Liang and Chow recognize that they are duly authorized to negotiate and to submit their recommendations to Peking as the negotiations proceed; but inasmuch as it is their duty to keep the Board regularly informed of the results of each meeting, they propose that before proceeding to consideration of the revised draft a translation of the same be made, by the help of which the Board may be in a position to follow the course of the negotiations.\n\nMr. Cordes accordingly undertakes to prepare this translation, submitting a first instalment thereof at next meeting.\n\nIn regard to the procedure for recording and confirming the Minutes, it is decided that they will continue to be drafted in English and forwarded without delay to the Chinese Commissioners for confirmation at the next meeting.\n\nAfter some general discussion of the revised draft Agreement the meeting is adjourned to Saturday next.\n\nGentlemen,\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nMessrs. Cordes and Bland to Chinese Delegates.\n\nPeking, February 5, 1907.\n\nIN accordance with the decision recorded at our last meeting, we have now the honour to forward to you herewith, in triplicate, a new draft of the proposed Agreement for the Tien-tsin-Yang-taze Railway. You will observe that, with a view to meeting the wishes of the Chinese Government, the terms of the preliminary Agreement are herein considerably modified, especially in regard to the system under which the railway is to be worked and controlled, and we trust therefore that the Board of Communications may now be able and willing to bring these protracted negotiations to their conclusion. The terms now proposed, to which the Directors in Berlin and London have consented as the result of our representations in this matter, should serve to convince the Chinese Government that the Syndicate sincerely desires to carry out this important enterprise under reasonable conditions of mutual advantage, and with due recognition of the existing political and financial situation. Beyond these conditions, however, the Syndicate is not prepared to go; and in consenting to these radical modifications of the preliminary Agreement we are instructed to record this fact, and to state that should the final Agreement not be concluded by the Chinese Government on the terms now proposed, the Syndicate reserves its rights to revert to the terms of the preliminary Agreement as an obligation sanctioned by the Throne, and binding in its entirety upon the Chinese Government. We venture to suggest that the famine now prevailing in the region traversed by the southern section of this trunk line should make these negotiations a matter of urgency, for upon their conclusion relief work on embankment construction could speedily be organized with funds advanced by the Syndicate.\n\nWe would request that, in forwarding the present redraft to the Board of Communications, you may be good enough to submit this suggestion for the consideration of the Chinese Government.\n\nWith your approval we would propose to meet, for discussion of the amended draft, on Saturday next, the 9th instant, at 3 P.M.\n\n## Inclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nWe have, &c.\n\n## New Draft of the Proposed Agreement for the Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway.\n\n### ARTICLE 1.\nThe Imperial Government of China authorizes the Syndicate Banks to issue a 5 per Cent. Gold Loan for an amount of ...\n\nThe loan shall be dated the ... and called \"The Imperial Chinese 4 per Cent. Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway Loan.\"\n\n### Art. 2.\nThe loan is designed to provide the capital for the construction of Government railway lines from a point connecting the Imperial Railways of North China at or near Tien-tsin, through Techou and Tsinan-fu to I-hsien, near the southern frontier of Shantung, hereinafter known as the northern section of the Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway lines, and from I-hsien to Pu K'ou (opposite Nanking on the Yang-tsze Kiang), hereinafter known as the southern section of the Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway lines. The total length of these two sections being about ... kilom., equal to about ... Chinese li. The survey line shall be open to revision by the head offices, and subject to the Director-General.\n\n### Art. 3.\nThe capital so provided will include the funds required for the purchase of land, rolling-stock, and other equipment, and for working the lines, together with interest on the loan during the period of construction, which should not exceed four years from the actual beginning of the works, the commencement of the works not to be delayed beyond six months after this Agreement has been signed, within which period the sum of 500,000. shall be placed at the disposal of the Director-General as a first instalment on account of the proceeds of the loan. This amount of 500,000, together with interest thereon not exceeding a charge of 6 per cent. per annum, shall be deducted from the proceeds of the first sale of the bonds.\n\n### Art. 4.\nThe rate of interest for the loan shall be 5 per cent. per annum on the nominal principal, and shall be paid for account of the Imperial Chinese Government during the time fixed for the construction out of the proceeds of the loan, and afterwards out of the revenue of the lines named in half-yearly instalments, according to the amounts and dates of the schedule attached to this Agreement.\n\n### Art. 5.\nThe term of the loan shall be fifty years. Repayment of principal shall commence in the eleventh year from the date of the loan, and shall be made by a yearly sinking fund to the Syndicate banks in yearly instalments out of the revenue of the lines, according to the amounts and dates of the schedule attached to this Agreement.\n\n### Art. 6.\nIn the event of the Imperial Chinese Government wishing to redeem after the lapse of fifteen years from the date of the loan the outstanding amount, or any portion of it, not yet due, it may do so by paying 24 per cent. premium; but if after the lapse of thirty years from the date of the loan, it may do so free of premium.\n\n### Art. 7.\nAfter the line has been completed, the yearly payments due for amortization and the half-yearly payments due for interest, except as otherwise provided in Article 4, shall be made, in accordance with the amounts and dates of the schedule attached to this Agreement, out of the net revenue of the railway lines to the Syndicate Banks by the Director-General, who shall hand to the banks at Shanghae or in Tien-tsin, fourteen days before the due dates named in the schedule, funds in Shanghae or Tien-tsin sycee sufficient to meet such payment in sterling in Europe, the rate of exchange for which shall be settled with the banks at the best rate procurable in the market. These payments may, however, be made in Europe on the date due, if the Imperial Chinese Government should have funds in Europe and desire so to use them.\n\nIn reimbursement of expenses connected with the service of interest and principal of the loan, the Syndicate Banks will receive a commission of ... per cent. on the annual loan service.\n\n### Art. 8.\nThe Imperial Government of China hereby engages that the interest and principal of this loan shall duly be paid in full, and should the revenues of the railway not be sufficient to provide for the full and due payment of interest and repayment of principal of this loan, the Director-General shall memorialize the Throne, and the Imperial Government of China will thereupon make arrangements to insure that the amount of deficiency shall be met from other sources, and handed over to the banks fourteen days before the due date of the funds required to complete full payment of interest and repayment of principal.\n\n### Art. 9.\nThe loan shall be secured by mortgage declared to be now entered into in equity by virtue of this Agreement, and shall, as soon as possible hereafter, be secured by a specific and legal first mortgage in favour of the Syndicate upon all lands, materials, rolling-stock, buildings, property and premises of every description purchased or to be purchased by the railway, and on the railway itself, as and when constructed, and on the revenue of all descriptions derivable therefrom.\n\nIt is agreed that if the half-yearly interest on the bonds is not paid on any due date thereof, or if the principal of the loan remains unpaid at maturity of the same, the whole railway, with all its appurtenances herein mortgaged to the Syndicate for the bondholders, shall be handed over to the Syndicate to be dealt with by it according to law in such manner as will insure the proper protection of the interest of the bondholders. When the whole loan and the interest due thereon, and all indebtedness ...",
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        "document_key": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
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        "title": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nJ. O. P. BLAND.\n\nMessrs. Jardine, Matheson, and Co, to Mr. Bland.\n\nShanghae, January 28, 1907.\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\nConsidering it most important that you should be promptly advised of any developments connected with the Chinese railway Shanghae to Kashing, we wired to you on the 23rd instant as follows:-- \n\n\"Chinese railway Shanghae to Kashing, 35 miles, first sod was cut 21st January outside Shanghae City, large demonstration,\" We have advised the British and Chinese Corporation.'\n\nWe have now pleasure in handing you, for your further information in this connection, copy of the Engineer-in-chief's letter to us, dated the 23rd instant, Memorandum giving full details of the proposed line.\n\nWe are, &c.\n\n(Per pro. Jardine, Matheson, and Co.)\n\n(Signed) JAS. MCKIE.\n\nPutting aside the question of ignoring the existence of the preliminary Agreement dated the 13th May, 1898, for the construction and working of the railways from Soochow to Hangchow and Ningpo, provision for which has been made at considerable cost in constructing double line works on the section of our railway from Shanghae to Soochow, I venture to express the opinion that the sanctioning of these competitive lines constitutes a direct breach of the terms of the Shanghae Nanking Railway Loan Agreement, Article 17, paragraph 2, which reads as follows:-- \n\n\"It is further agreed that, without the express consent in writing of the Director-General and the British and Chinese Corporation, no other rival railway detrimental to the business of the same is to be permitted, and no parallel line to the Shanghae-Nanking Railway is to be allowed to the injury of the latter's interest within the area served by the Shanghae-Nanking main line or branch lines.\"\n\nYou are doubtless better informed on all these matters than myself. Still I feel I should be failing in my duty if I omitted to call your attention more particularly to the proposed competitive line to Soochow, which, if allowed to be built, can only be detrimental to the interests of our railway.\n\nI am, &c. (Signed) A. H. COLLINSON.\n\n## Inclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nMr. Collinson to Messrs. Jardine, Matheson, and Co.\n\nShanghae, January 23, 1907.\n\nYou will have noticed in the papers accounts of the proceedings in connection with the turning of the first sod of the Shanghae-Kashing Railway on Monday last. A rough outline of the proposed route of the railway was given in yesterday's \"Sin Wan Pao,\" a translation of which I handed to Mr. McKie yesterday afternoon.\n\nThe route described in the \"Sin Wan Pao\" has to some extent been confirmed by the private information I have been able to gather, and I am further informed that the survey is in active progress on the lines indicated; also that land acquisition has been commenced.\n\nYou will notice that it has been proposed to extend the line from the Chekiang boundary to Hangchow, this part of the work being constructed by the Chekiang Railway Company.\n\nI am reliably informed that another Chinese Railway Company is surveying a line from Soochow to Kashing, where it is also proposed to make a junction with the Shanghae-Kashing-Hangchow line. If these proposals are allowed to mature, another route will be established by rail from Shanghae to Soochow (via Kashing) in direct competition with the Shanghae-Nanking Railway.\n\n## Inclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\n### A Rough Outline of the Route and Construction Work of the Shanghae Kashing Railway\n\n#### Mileage\n\nThe Shanghae-Kashing line commences from outside of the Big South Gate, where the native city garrison is situated, and ends at Feng Chin Chen, under the jurisdiction of Sung Kiang Pu. The total length of the line is 191,000 feet, which is equal to 36.1 miles or 106.1 lis. To the west of Feng Chin Chen is the Chekiang boundary-line, where the Chekiang Railway will join on and build their line right up to Hangchow.\n\n#### Rivers and Creeks\n\nBetween the Shanghae station and Feng Chin Chen there are a great many rivers and creeks to cross. The biggest of them is Hang Liao Chin.\n\nWe append here the names of some of the rivers and creeks, with their widths and depths:\n\n| Names | Width (Ft.) | Depth (Ft.) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Shih Tui Chiang | 88 | ... |\n| Tsao Ho Chin | 160 | ... |\n| Heng Tang | 45 | ... |\n| Hsia Chia Ping | 50 | ... |\n| Chu Chiang | 80 | ... |\n| Tung Chun Shen Tang | 274 | ... |\n| Pang Lang Tan Nan | 70 | ... |\n| Hei Chiao Ping | 43 | ... |\n| Ta Chang Chin | 75 | 10 |\n| Chang Mao Hu | 20 | 4 |\n| Lung Hua Chiang | 80 | 7 |\n| Chang Chia Tang | 60 | 10 |\n| Heng Li Tang Nan | 70 | 12 |\n| Sha Chiang | 55 | 6 |\n| Jai Chun Shen Tang | 75 | ... |\n| Chang Chin Nau | 50 | 4 |\n| Kuei Chao Tang | 32 | 4 |\n| Siu Nan Chiao Tang | 65 | 3 |\n| Lu Kang Chin | 266 | 25 |\n| Chang Sni Chiang | 79 | 8 |\n| Ta Heng Liao Chin | 720 | 75 |\n| Huang Ni Chin | 295 | 18 |\n\nThe remainder of the mountain streams and side creeks that the line crosses amount to 169, and the width of them all is equal to 5,298 feet.\n\n#### The height of the land to be raised at the various places are as follows:-\n\n* From the Shanghae station to Lung Hua, 3 feet.\n* From Lung Hua to Mai Chia Lung, 1 foot.\n* From Mai Chia Lung to Hsin Chuang, 2 feet.\n* From Hsin Chuang to Hsin Chiao, 3 feet.\n* From Hsin Chiao to Sungkiang East Gate, 3 feet.\n* From Sungkiang East Gate to West Gate, Siu Nan Tang, 6 feet.\n* From Siu Nan Tang to Huang Chiao, 8 feet.\n* From Huang Chiao to Han Chiao Ho, 9 feet.\n* From Han Chia Ho to Feng Chin, 4 feet.",
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        "content_text": "## SKETCH MAP OF EASTERN CHINA.\n\n|  |  |\n\n**RAILWAYS OPEN** - \n**RAILWAYS UNDER CONSTRUCTION OR PROJECTED**\n\nSHANGHAI-NANKING RAILWAY\n| SOOCHOW-NINGPO |\n| --- | --- |\n| SHANGHAI WOOSUNG (OPEN) |  |\n| SHANGHAI-KASHING |  |\n| YI-CHENG | ÖYKHÒU |\n| LUNG-THAN. | HINKJANG |\n| TAN THI CHÊN | SINFEENG |\n| NANKING | THAI-KING. |\n| TAN-YANG | KU YUNG. |\n| VERH-THSUN TÊN NHƯ CHÈN, | WANG-HU-KANG: |\n| TSANG SHU-CHEN | KIN-THAN. |\n|  | GRAND |\n| TSING KIANG | KIANG-YIN. |\n| CHENGALU-CHEN | LANGHOW |\n| ITHUNG. | YANGTSEKIANG |\n| THSING-YANG, FI-SHAN: | HENG-LIN-CHEN--- |\n| HITHAI SHA. | >HAI-MEN, |\n| RIVER | O-SHE-PHU. |\n| TCHANG-SHU. | \"TCHUNG MING. I. |\n|  | ♦TCHUNG MING. |\n| CLI SHIP. | WUSIEH, |\n|  | 35 |\n| LI-YANG. | TAIT-SING QUINSAN |\n| WOOSUNG. | KIATING. |\n|  | THAI-HU |\n| LAKE | SOOCHOW |\n| 531⁄2 MILES | LTHSING-PHI. |\n| OCHOW | SHANGHAI, |\n| KIEN PHING. | • NAW-HUI. |\n| İSUNG RANG. | 31° |\n| MANG-CHEN. | FENG-HIEN. |\n\nPEKIN\n| MUKDEN. |\n| TIENTSIN) PAO-TING |\n| TAI-YUEN | 20\" |\n| TSICHO | SINGAN FUHONAN❤-- |\n|  | WEI RIVER. |\n|  | YELLOW SEA. |\n\nCHINESE IMPERIAL RAILWAYS.\nSHANGHAI-NANKING LINE.\n\nApproximate scale: 16 | 32 | 48 MILES.\n\nCANTON. \nFORMOSA \nKOWLOON. HONGKONG.\n\nLatitude and Longitude markers:\n- 31° 40' 20\" \n- 20' 40' \n- 19° 20' 40' \n- 120° 32° \n- 121° 20' 40° \n- 122° \n- 30° 40' 20\" \n- 119° 40° 20' \n\n(465. 7/99. 1279) 7.2525 p-1",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## 18. The guards on the above-mentioned launches shall always be in uniform and shall always carry their revolvers. They must always be prepared for emergencies. They must on no account congregate for the purpose of gambling or drinking, nor must they smoke opium. They must keep a particularly strict look-out at the time of the departure of the launches. Any breach of duty will be punished by dismissal and suitable penalties.\n\n14. The police on the above-mentioned launches will be provided with certificates in English and Chinese with the official seal attached to prevent any other person impersonating them.\n\n15. In addition to the police on the above-mentioned descriptions of launches, there are also police at all the larger ports of call whose duty it will be to examine intending passengers for concealed fire-arms. Any culprits found by the launch police in the illegal possession of fire-arms will be handed over by them to the land police to be brought before the local authorities for trial. If there is an alarm of pirates, a call will bring immediate assistance from the land police.\n\n16. If any member of the launch police is found to be incapable of carrying out his duties, he shall, in the case of single passenger launches, be reported by the captain; and, in the case of launches with tows, by the master of the tow to the launch police authorities, so that an efficient man may be found to replace him. Any of the police found in the possession of stolen goods, such as clothing, money, &c., shall, on satisfactory evidence that they are robbing passengers of their property, be court-martialled and executed on the spot.\n\n17. Any of the launch police having affairs of importance to attend to must first apply for leave to his head authority, and must not leave the launch before a substitute has taken his place.\n\n18. In addition to the supervisors appointed by the launch police authorities to control the system, there are also the officials of the Admiral, whose duty it will be to make secret inspections to ascertain whether the Regulations are being observed and whether the members of the force are efficient. They will make recommendations from time to time in order to prevent the system becoming ineffective in the lapse of time.\n\n19. All the above-mentioned descriptions of launches must only allow passengers to embark and disembark at the appointed places, namely:\n\n(1) Places on the waterways of the East River: \n| Place |\n| --- |\n| Whampoa |\n| Mi Chang |\n| Ma Chung |\n| Sui Tang |\n| Kwai Hai |\n| Shi Lung |\n| Lu Lan |\n| Teh Kang |\n| Sui Tsun |\n| Po Lo |\n| Whei Chow |\n| Han Kai |\n| Tao Kao |\n| Tung Kwan City |\n| Tai Pin |\n\n(2) Places in the district south of Canton City, and on the waterways of the West River:\n| Place |\n| --- |\n| Shih Pi |\n| Le Chu |\n| Po On Chung |\n| Hao Kao |\n| Yung Chi |\n| Kwei Chow |\n| Ma Kang |\n| Tung Ma Nin |\n| Si Ma Nin |\n| Chun An Hsu |\n| Kan Chu |\n| Chin Kiang |\n| Ho Tsin |\n| Ku Lao |\n| Tai Pin Hsu |\n| Fu Man |\n| Sze Hsien Kan |\n| Ma Kou |\n| Ho Kou (i.e., Samshui Beach) |\n| Tsin Chi |\n| Yung An |\n| Kwang Li |\n| Kou Li |\n| Pei Tu |\n| Shao Chin |\n| Lu Pu |\n| Yuch Chen |\n| Ho Ting Kou |\n| Liu Tu |\n| Te Ching |\n| Tu Cheng |\n| Fung Chuan |\n| Wuchow |\n| Lung Kiang |\n| Shui Teng |\n| Kuan Shan |\n| Huang Lien |\n| Lo Lou |\n| Li Hai |\n| San Hiang Miao |\n| Chou Chun |\n| Chao Lien |\n| Pei Kai Kou |\n| Chiang Men |\n| Tan Shui Kou |\n| Shuang Shui Kou |\n| Hsin Chang |\n| Ti Kai |\n| Hsiao Lan |\n| Kang Kon |\n| Shih Chi |\n\n(3) Places on the North River route:\n| Place |\n| --- |\n| Fu Shan |\n| Shih Mun |\n| Ts'u Tung |\n| Hsiao Tang |\n| Hsi Nan |\n| Samshui |\n| Lu Pao |\n| Shih Ko |\n| Tsin Yuen |\n\n(4) Places in the district north of Canton City, Tsung Hua, and Hua Hsien:\n| Place |\n| --- |\n| Shih Men |\n| Kwan Yao |\n| San Kiang Kou |\n| Nan Kiang Kou |\n| Wu Ho Hsu |\n| Tan Pu |\n| Chih Ni |\n| Pei Ni |\n\n20. Any of the above-mentioned descriptions of launches which act in contravention of these Regulations, either by taking passengers on board at unauthorized places en route or by omitting to carry out the search for concealed arms, will be subject to such penalties as the nature of the offence may require. If the launch concerned is foreign-owned, and the offender is a Chinese employed on board, the local authorities are to communicate with the nearest Commissioner of Customs, and the Commissioner, in turn, with the nearest Consul, who may send a deputy to watch the proceedings. If the offender is a foreigner, he is to be dealt with in a manner similar to that prescribed by Treaty when a foreigner is found travelling without a passport. He will be sent to the proper Consul through the Commissioner of Customs at the nearest port.\n\n21. At all places where such a course is practicable, the launches and tows referred to in these Regulations will hire for their regular use sampans and small boats to convey passengers to the launches and tows. The captains and masters of the launches and tows will at once notify the Inspector and police on the launches of every sampan or small boat so engaged by them; the Inspector will, in turn, notify the head of his Department. Where such sampans and small craft are regularly hired, no other boats shall be employed for the aforesaid purpose.\n\n22. These Regulations are provisional, and subject to Ministerial sanction at Peking.\n\n## (No. 26.)\n\nSir,\n\n### Inclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\n### Sir J. Jordan to Consul-General Mansfield.\n\nPeking, June 4, 1907.\n\nYOUR despatch No. 19 of the 23rd April only reached me on the 24th May, and pressure of other work has prevented an earlier reply.\n\nThe Provisional Regulations for the suppression of piracy, copy of which you inclose, appear likely to increase the difficulty of giving effect to the engagement made by the Chinese Government to organize a preventive service under Customs control.\n\nAs you will be aware, from the copies of my recent despatches to Sir E. Grey, which have been sent to you, I have been holding the Wai-wu Pu to this engagement, and I should be very reluctant to convey the impression that, by accepting these tardy proposals of the Viceroy, we considered them all that is required. That the Chinese authorities intend this measure to take the place of the service of cruisers under Customs control is rendered evident by a message which I received on the 1st June from the Wai-wu Pu, communicating the substance of a telegram from the Viceroy to the Board of Finance, in which his Excellency urges that as he is prepared to take these measures it seems unnecessary for the Customs to spend money on cruisers, but, if they elect to do so, such vessels would of course only serve for the prevention of smuggling and have no powers to suppress piracy.\n\nIn view, however, of your telegram of the 3rd instant, from which it appears that the Rules have not been enforced, I think it would be advisable, considering the interpretation which the Wai-wu Pu evidently place upon them, that you should notify the Viceroy that they could only be accepted as a complement to the scheme to which the Wai-wu Pu have already given their assent.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed) \n**J. N. JORDAN**",
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        "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## 207\n\n4\n\nThe Colonel had already in January, on information contained through the local press, given his soldiers three months in which to break off the habit, and had dismissed those who failed to do so; local opinion is generally in favour of the prohibition. The Magistrate, a heavy smoker, has given up the use of opium, and others are following his example. Mr. Witt, however, does not consider that any remarkable movement has as yet started, and mentions the fact that some are buying ahead for the time when the sale will be definitely forbidden. No measures have as yet been taken to restrict the cultivation of poppy, and 10 per cent. of the land is said to be used for its growth. The invariable reply in the negative as to the restrictions on smokers is again given, but all dens are to be closed by the end of June. As far as medicines are concerned, pills containing opium are used, and also a plant found in the hills.\n\n## Kansu (three Reports)\n\nThe \"Ten Articles\" were posted in Chin Chou on the 10th May, and no further action was taken; the publication caused a little talk for a few days, but nothing was done, as officials were awaiting more stringent orders from Peking. In Ping-liang and Ch'in Chou there is an increase in the area planted; an official at the latter place exhorted the people by proclamation \"to plant for all they were worth,\" the result being that five times the usual amount was sown. Nothing has been done to restrict smokers, but Mr. Harding makes the significant remark that the increase in the price of opium has caused people to take to drink. At Ku-kiang the `pao Kuei` tax has been removed and more opium has been sold than ever, whereas an increase in the same tax at Ch'in Chou has caused shops to close. Excepting the above statement, queries 5 and 6 are answered in the negative. A Proclamation was issued at Ch'in Chou telling the people of a herb for a cure, and giving an illustration of it, but beyond that nothing further has been done.\n\n## Shensi (three Reports)\n\nAt Wukung in November of last year a Proclamation was issued containing a general exhortation against planting, and in January of this year the \"Ten Articles\" were published. The Decree was also published in Lan-tien, and the Magistrate sent out a preacher to exhort the people to give up the habit, smokers also being forbidden to teach in the schools. The Decree was published in Li-chuan on the 29th May. The attitude of the gentry is generally described as indifferent, and as far as cultivation is concerned an increase is reported from Wukung. The remaining queries are all answered negatively with the exception of the mention of a few missionary efforts to cure the people by the use of medicine supplied by the Missions.\n\n## Ichung\n\nHis Majesty's Consul reported on the 1st July that, so far as he could ascertain, no steps had up to that date been taken to enforce the Opium Regulations in the Ichang district.\n\n## Kashgar\n\nMr. Macartney reported at the end of April, \"The Chinese orders prohibiting the use of opium have so far had no effect on the Chinese population of Yarkand, Karghalik, Goma, and Khotan. Indeed, most of the Chinese seem to be ignorant of the existence of the order.\"\n\n## Kiukiang\n\nA missionary in the Kiukiang Consular district reports from I-yang, a district in which practically no land is devoted to the cultivation of the poppy, that nothing has yet been done to restrict smokers nor to inspect opium shops. No Proclamations had been issued up to May, but a new Mandarin had arrived who was said to be preparing one. No official action had been taken in pursuance of the Imperial Regulations, nor had the local officials and gentry set any example in giving up the habit. Medicines had been ordered from Nanchang, but none had as yet arrived.\n\nFurther missionary reports are to the same effect, though in the Kian prefecture one missionary stated on the 14th June that a Proclamation was about to be issued, the gist of which was to be to the effect that all opium dens must be closed by the 8th August, and that no opium is to be retailed in inns or restaurants after that date.\n\nStill further missionary reports state that practically nothing whatever is being done to enforce the Imperial Regulations, though it is thought that in August something may be begun.\n\n5\n\n## Mongolia\n\nA missionary with an area of observation of about 800 English square miles reports from Kwei-hua-cheng that more land is devoted to poppy cultivation this year than last. The Tartar General has issued a strict Proclamation to the Mongols against the use of opium, and it is said that they have obeyed the command, but the Chinese still continue to sow, to sell, and to smoke as before.\n\n## Ningpo\n\nMissionary reports forwarded by His Majesty's Consul show that except for a few Proclamations nothing has been done towards enforcing the Imperial Regulations, while in some districts more land is being devoted to the poppy than before.\n\nEarly in June a Proclamation was issued by the Magistrate under instructions from Hangchow to the effect that all opium shops were to be closed on the 8th August. The Magistrate as well as the Prefect were confirmed opium-smokers, but it is stated that both have now given up the habit.\n\n## Peking\n\nA native newspaper published on the 28th June that, \"The Government Council is considering the imposition of a fine, varying with the rank of the offender, on all officials, from Princes and Ministers down to the lowest ranks, who fail to abandon the use of opium, the proceeds of the fine to be devoted to the 'patriotic fund'.\"\n\n## Tengyueh\n\nHis Majesty's Consul reports that various officials have informed him that no steps will be taken to carry out the Imperial Regulations until the autumn. The Regulations are not, it appears, being looked upon by the officials or the people seriously. It is difficult to see how the Chinese can suppress the poppy cultivation; the vast majority of officials never go outside their yamên walls except to pay calls. Exhortation will certainly not deter the Yunnanese from cultivating poppy and producing opium, and force dare not be applied.\n\n## Tien-tsin\n\nA missionary, writing on the 21st March from beyond the Great Wall, states that Proclamations, giving the gist of the Edict dealing with opium, have been scattered widely over the territory, and a heavy tax will be imposed on land used for its growth. The general impression is said to be that the programme would not be seriously carried out unless there were some strong men at head-quarters to make the Governors and District Magistrates of the Empire feel that serious business is meant. A native has informed the same missionary that, in his opinion, there is too much opium used in the Palace for the crusade to be pushed too hard. From Lucheng, South Shensi, it is reported that the Magistrate, \"a big opium smoker and eater, has done nothing beyond posting the provincial Proclamations in the yamên. Taxes to be increased. No local movement.\" Of the city of Li Cheng it is reported that the Magistrate is a non-smoker, and has posted a Proclamation, giving ten years to slowly cease growing, the tax being increased each year. From Hsuan Hua-fu, three days north of Peking, the issue is reported of a Proclamation by the Governor ordering people to abandon opium. But a later Proclamation by a local official requested the people still to cultivate the poppy, otherwise great loss to revenue would ensue. So the people are perplexed what to do. The Prefect and District Magistrate are freely distributing native-made opium medicines to those desirous of breaking off the habit. In Hsuan Hua-fu only about ... per cent. of the land is planted with poppy, the land being too poor for such cultivation. The gentry seem indifferent in the matter. From Taiyuan-fu it is reported by a missionary, who recently visited the places where opium is most extensively cultivated in Shansi, that on the borders of the district he found there was some diminution this year in the amount of opium grown, but in disregard of the Governor's Edicts, throughout the greater portion of the district the cultivation of the poppy was being carried on as extensively as ever.",
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        "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## Inclosure 1 in No. 1\n\ninterest in the question and gave evidence of a lively desire to further the negotiations. His Excellency was, however, dominated by his fear of the literati of the three provinces, who, if the wishes of the more reasonable and representative among them were not taken into account, would cause the people under their influence to obstruct land purchase and construction work. The Government of China was at this moment not in a position to withstand this pressure. It was therefore necessary to steer a middle course between the foreign claims based on the Preliminary Agreement and the demands of the gentry. Only thus could anything beneficial accrue from the undertaking. His Excellency promised to bring all his influence to bear on the literati if Mr. Cordes would lend his assistance in that sense. Towards the end of the interview, during which Mr. Cordes confined himself to an explanation of the draft Agreements, the Viceroy noted down fifteen points which seemed to his Excellency to embody the essentials of a satisfactory solution. A copy of them was supplied to Mr. Cordes for communication to Mr. Liang. These fifteen points were not to be considered as unalterable demands on the part of the Viceroy, but merely contained the expression of his Excellency's view of what was required, according to his knowledge of the conditions as above expressed, to direct the negotiations into the proper channel.\n\nThe points were as follows:-\n\n| Point | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | Loan not to exceed 5,000,000%. (China only took up 5,000,000l. for the Lu-Han line; the most economical arrangements possible in the circumstances must be made.) |\n| 2 | A single track to be laid first of all. (The Viceroy added verbally that it would be well to buy in advance the land for a double track.) |\n| 3 | The whole line to be completed in three years' time. |\n| 4 | The Yellow River bridge at Lao K'ou (Lokow) to be likewise completed within that period. (Verbally. An effort should at any rate be made--the time limit might be extended.) |\n| 5 | Loan to be at 94. Interest 5 per cent. per annum. |\n| 6 | Interest only payable for first ten years. Amortization to begin from eleventh year. If funds allow the loan can be paid off in full in the eleventh year, or the instalments can be increased. |\n| 7 | If the capital sum should be repaid in the eleventh year, no premium of 2 per cent. to be paid. |\n| 8 | The line shall not be pledged as security for the loan, but certain revenues of the three provinces will be pledged. Yüan Shih-kai will decide which. |\n| 9 | A German engineer will be engaged for the northern section, and a British engineer for the southern. Both will be independently selected and appointed by the high Chinese authorities intrusted with the management of the line. These engineers will be under the control and orders of the Chinese Directors. |\n| 10 | The British and German engineers have only to concern themselves with the work of construction and may not interfere in other matters. |\n| 11 | It has hitherto been stipulated that the Syndicate (and) the engineers shall receive 20 per cent. of the working profits. This must be renounced in order to prevent delay in amortization. Mr. Liang will discuss means to concede an extra bonus in commutation. |\n| 12 | The arrangements regarding the amount of commission accruing to the banks on purchase of material, or in the event of a different solution of this question (by commutation) shall be made by Mr. Liang. (The Viceroy explained that a sum as commutation might be computed on the lines of the 35,000l. allowed by the Canton-Kowloon Agreement.) |\n| 13 | Work must be simultaneously begun on the northern section from Tien-tsin and on the southern section from Pukow, as well as on the central section north and south from Chinan. (This means no delay.) |\n| 14 | Germany shall construct no competing line in Shantung. |\n| 15 | If, when the construction nears completion, the amount of the loan does not suffice, the Deutsch-Asiatische Bank and Hong Kong and Shanghae Banking Corporation can negotiate a supplementary loan.\n\nJuly 2, 1907.\n\n(Translation.)\n\nPage 3\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1\n\nNotes on Mr. Cordes' Interview with Mr. Liang, July 12, 1907.\n\nCHANG CHIH-TUNG'S fifteen points were discussed with Liang. Mr. Cordes declared that the finding of a good security was the most important point, and urged Liang to ask the Viceroy Yüan, in whose hands the decision lay, at Chang Chih-tung's own suggestion, what provincial revenues he had in mind, and whether the salt revenues of the three provinces could be earmarked; or, failing that, the li-kin of Chihli, Shangtung, and Kiangsu. This did not commend itself to Liang. He was doubtful how the Viceroy would take such a question, even if asked verbally. Liang personally would prefer the Maritime Customs revenue to be pledged. He did not care to deal with the provincial Governments, which were entirely in the hands of the unreasonable gentry. He had that day received a most unreasonable telegram from the Shantung Governor regarding the Shantung portion of the security for the railway loan. The obligations arising from the Preliminary Agreement were Chinese Imperial ones, and the provinces should have no more to do with the unravelling of the affair than was absolutely necessary. Liang then wrote to Sir Robert Bredon asking the amounts of customs receipts in recent years and the total sum hypothecated for foreign loans. Later, Sir Robert Bredon called on Mr. Cordes in the bank and stated that he estimated about 15,000,000 taels were not hypothecated to the service of foreign loans. But according to the Protocol of 1901 the indemnity of 450,000,000 taels was secured on the customs.\n\n[Protocol to that effect quoted.]\n\nPeking, July 12, 1907.\n\n## Inclosure 3 in No. 1\n\n(Signed)\n\nH. CORDES.\n\n## Draft Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Final Agreement: Chinese Offer\n\n**ARTICLE 1**. The Imperial Government of China authorizes the Syndicate banks to issue a 5 per Cent. Gold Loan for an amount of 5,000,000l. and called \"the Imperial Chinese 5 per Cent. Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway Loan.\"\n\n**Art. 2**. The loan is designed to provide the capital for the construction of a Government Railway line from a point connecting the Imperial Railways of North China at or near Tien-tsin through Techon and Tsinanfu to Theien, near the southern frontier of Shantung, hereinafter known as the northern section of the Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway line, and from Ihsien to Pukou (opposite Nanking, on the Yang-tsze-kiang), hereinafter known as the southern section of the Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway line, the total length of these two sections being about 1,085 kilom., equal to about 2,170 Chinese *li* (Roughly 700 miles). The survey line shall be open to revision by the Director-General.\n\n**Art. 3**. The capital so provided will be solely devoted to the construction of the above railway line, and will include the funds required for the purchase of land, rolling-stock, and other equipment and for working the line, together with interest on the loan during the period of construction, which should not exceed three years from the actual beginning of the works, the commencement of the works not to be delayed beyond six months after this Agreement has been signed, within which period the sum of 500,000l. shall be placed at the disposal of the Director-General, in China or Europe as he may direct, as a first instalment on account of the proceeds of the loan. This amount of 500,000l., together with interest thereon not exceeding a charge of 6 per cent. per annum, shall be deducted from the proceeds of the first sale of the bonds.\n\n**Art. 4**. The rate of interest for the loan shall be 5 per cent. per annum on the nominal principal, and shall be paid for account of the Imperial Chinese Government during the time of the construction out of the proceeds of the loan and afterwards out of...",
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 560,
        "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## 6\n\nLight draught for motor picket-boats is by no means essential, as no steam-launch on the river draws less than 4 feet.\n\nOn receipt of your Memorandum, I called on His Britannic Majesty's Consul General to discuss some of the points raised, and in conversation with me he informed me that his reason for suggesting a demonstration at Canton was that Consulate-General's relations with the Provincial Government are at a deadlock, it having been impossible to get outstanding questions settled, compensation in the \"Sainam\" piracy case being absolutely refused, a similar refusal being given to settle the case of the \"Ki Cheung\" piracy recently reported to you.\n\nI regret that Admiral Li, who was in charge of the naval and military forces in the Si Kiang, has been appointed to Pak Hoi, and it is difficult to predict whether his successor will encourage and promote the reforms instituted by the late Admiral, elementary as they have been.\n\nFinally, one obvious fact remains: piracy afloat is diminishing, but there is a noticeable increase in armed robbery ashore, so the obvious inference is that the Chinese authorities afloat have accomplished something towards the end in view.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n**(Signed) R. VAUGHAN, Lieutenant-Commander,**\n**Senior Officer, West River.**\n\n## Inclosure 5 in No. 1.\n\n**Draft of Telegram from the Admiralty to Vice-Admiral Sir A. Moore.**\n\nWITH reference to your telegram of the 17th November, if the negotiations with the Viceroy prove unsatisfactory, the action proposed by you in your letter of the 29th September is approved. It is also suggested by the Foreign Office that if it can be proved that the pirates live near the river in any particular village their surrender should be asked for, and in the event of non-compliance the village should be destroyed. Do you consider this proposal could be carried out?\n\n|         |         |\n|---------|---------|\n| 1907    |         |\n| os2     | HONG KONG STRAITS |\n| No. 13  | (Subject.) lehuia Chuin Grade |\n| READ    | DOMESTIC. C.O 131 536 J |\n| Rex     | 2 JAN 08 perions Paper Leude Pruits of further |\n\n## (Minutes.)\n\nM. Stubbs Straits Duplicate prints ед H.K. conf. (punits with 44409 also)\n\n14. Fiddes may Section 1 No 1- hr Diddos like to see EJH6/1 6 до \"Nov 30 -3 L (78)~~32036—25000-11-4 subsequent Paper.\n\n1. Stublo Alouce Dr. 6 Further print attached straits of comf Copy to with most batch [9/110/1]",
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    {
        "id": 415720,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 415,
        "title": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "# CHINA RAILWAYS\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\nC.0. [December 28.]  \n3394  \nSECTION 1. Reco REC 29 JAN 08  \n[42348]\n\n**(No. 526.)**  \nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received December 28.)  \nPeking, November 12, 1907.\n\nIN continuation of my despatch No. 511 of the 30th October, I have the honour to report that the draft of the Final Agreement for the Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway was initialled at the Wai-wu Pu on the 2nd November by Liang Ta-jên and the Anglo-German negotiators, Messrs. Bland and Cordes. The Chinese text of the Agreement was not ready until the 4th November, when it was handed to Liang Ta-jên for reference to Chang Chih Tung and Yuan Shih Kai, who, it will be remembered, were appointed by Decree on the 4th April as co-negotiators in this question.\n\nIn a recent interview with Yuan Shih K'ai his Excellency informed me that neither he nor Chang Chih Tung had gone through the actual wording of the document, and from remarks of Liang Ta-jên to Mr. Bland there are grounds for believing that alterations may still be demanded.\n\nMy German colleague is of course anxious to see the Agreement signed as early as possible, but I have informed the Wai-wu Pu, in accordance with the terms of your telegram No. 116 of the 7th November, that I cannot authorize Mr. Bland to sign until the difficulties regarding the Chekiang Railway are overcome, and I have instructed Mr. Bland in the same sense.\n\nI have the honour to inclose a copy of the Agreement as it stood when initialled.\n\nI have, &c.  \n(Signed) J. N. JORDAN\n\n## Inclosure in No. 1.\n### Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway Agreement, initialled November 2, 1907.\n\nTHIS Agreement is made at Peking on the day of the month of the year of Kuang Hsü, corresponding to the day of 1907, and the Contracting Parties are:—\n\n#### Article 1.\nThe Imperial Government of China authorizes the Syndicate Banks to issue a 5 per cent. gold loan for an amount of 5,000,000*l*.  \nThe loan shall be dated the ... and called \"The Imperial Chinese Government Five per Cent. Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway Loan.\"\n\n#### Art. 2.\nThe loan is designed to provide capital for the construction of a Government railway line from a point connecting with the Imperial Railways of North China at or near Tien-tsin through Techou and Tsinan-fu to Ihsien near the southern frontier of Shantung, hereinafter known as the northern section of the Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway line, and from Ihsien to a point at or near Po-kou (opposite Nanking on the Yang-tsze-kiang), hereinafter known as the southern section of the Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway line. The total length of these two sections being about 1,085 kilom., equal to about 2,170 Chinese li.\n\nThe survey line shall be open to revision by the Director-General of the railway.\n\n#### Art. 3.\nThe capital so provided shall be solely devoted to the construction of the railway line including the purchase of land, rolling-stock, and other equipment, and to the working of the line and to payment of interest on the loan during the period of construction, which is estimated at four years from the actual beginning of the works, the commencement of the works not to be delayed beyond six months after this Agreement has been signed, within which period the Syndicate shall notify the Director-General that the sum of 500,000*l*. has been placed at his disposal, to be held in Europe or remitted to China as he may direct, as a first instalment on account of the proceeds...",
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        "id": 415862,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 27,
        "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "4\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nMr. G. J. Marshall to Messrs. Porteous Tyler and Rowe.\n\nMy dear Mr. Porteous Tyler and Rowe,\n\nKanchow, October 7, 1907. YOU will have heard by wire of the riot here. I don't know where to begin or how to end in writing you, and I know you will be longing for news from Kanchow. You are, we know, praying for us, and we so need your prayers at this time; pray on. On Thursday at 3 o'clock A.M., Shu-Hsieh-teh, the Roman Catholic priest in charge here, came to see me. I was awake, and got up to see what the dogs were barking so much about, and found Mr. Shu in a very excited state. He told me that Kiang Sheng-fu of Ta-O-Li had been killed and the place burned (you know Ta-O-Li is the Roman Catholic village, about half way between Nan-Kang and Tang-Kiang), and that there was sure to be great trouble. There were two small officials and two or three soldiers killed. An Sheng-fu escaped and got to the city about 8 A.M. I do not know how many Roman Catholic converts have been killed; over 100 are reported killed, but I think that is exaggerated. Thursday, at daylight, 200 or 300 Roman Catholic converts, and perhaps a lot of bad characters, entered the city. The Roman Catholic premises were just full of men, women, and children. Their converts must have come from all directions, and soldiers were guarding their doors and a crowd collecting. By noon the crowd began to shout and clap their hands and throw stones, &c. At about 1 o'clock they broke in and began to plunder, and at 2 o'clock the place was in flames. Su Tel-Ren and I kept our door wide open all day, and invited all who came in to sit down and not stand about the door and gather a crowd. Many of our people came and went, and all said do not be afraid, there will be no trouble here; and all the people seemed friendly. When I saw the roof of the Roman Catholic place fall in I thought it was time to get ready to escape, if necessary, so I told the Halls and Mrs. Marshall, and we got ladders ready to climb the wall into the neighbours joining the school, and there Mrs. Hall and Mrs. Marshall and a lot of Chinese sat under the tree waiting. About 4:30 o'clock the Hsien came and wanted us to go to the yamên. I told him we preferred to go to the Dao-Tai Yamên, and he was pleased, but never offered his chair for the ladies, nor did he send his men for bearers, so I sent for bearers, and when they came I escorted Mrs. Marshall to the yamên with a host of women and children. We passed the Roman Catholic place, and through Ri Ja-li the crowds were terrible, and we had to go slowly, but they opened the way for us, and no one seemed to want to hurt us. The Hsien did not even send one of his men to escort us. After Mrs. Marshall got to the yamên we sent the chair back for Mrs. Hall. The Roman Catholic priests, I think five in number, were also here, so at dark the Dai-Tai sent us to the Fu Yamên; we found Mrs. Home there. You may be sure we were all tired, but not able or ready to sleep. The Chi-Fu was exceedingly kind (he is the nicest Chinese official I have met). He spoke of sending us all away that night, so at midnight Mr. Hall and I, with a few Chinese, went to our place to get some necessary things for the journey; and if we only had expected a riot the next day, I assure you I would not have stopped till I had cleared our place of everything that could well be carried away.\n\nWe got the friends off at about noon the next day (Friday). Mr. Home and I returned to the West Gate, the people on the street still seemed friendly. I called a small chair and went over to our place, and I saw by the looks of a few Lu-Lans who were there that they were not gathered for any good purpose, so I went at once to the Dao-Tai and told him the place needed protection. He said he had (Fen-Fu) commanded the officials to look after our place. I had not been here long till word came the crowd had started to loot our place. You can imagine my feelings better than I can tell you. I comforted my heart that God was in and above all and decided to remain here. The Chinese begged me not to go to the chapel. The looting at the West Gate began perhaps an hour later than at the East Gate. There was not one person at our place from any of the yamêns to keep the crowd away. I believe if there were a few men at our place they could have protected it. There is not a door or window or bit of furniture or a book left, all swept away, the school is a complete ruin, the walls of the chapel and our house, and the roofs are in good condition. Oh the West Gate is such a ruin, the house will have to be rebuilt, more than half of the roof is gone, the other half hanging, all the wooden partitions have been carried away, and some of the posts that support the roof badly damaged and some taken away. The women's quarters and the place where the school was is very badly wrecked.\n\n5\n\nThe chapel roof and walls are all right, there is not one door left. Hu, the rice shop; Fu, the former barber; Chong, the medicine shop; Ny, the butcher and rice shop; Mrs. Chong, the cloth shop; and Fu-Shao-Gi have been looted and lost their all.\n\nThe Chen-Tai came out and wounded four men and Fu-Shao-Gis, who were looting (two have since died), and this put a stop to the looting. He would have opened fire on them, if the Dao-Tai was willing. The Dao-Tai was afraid it would cause further trouble and he had not sufficient soldiers to protect his yamên. The next day early the Dao-Tai put up Proclamations all over the city that any one attempting to cause any trouble would be killed on the spot, and all has been very very quiet since. The four men who were wounded at Fu-Shao-Gis are Feng-cheng-Hsien men from the Carpenter Street, and men who were arrested with the West Gate things the day of the riot are all Kan-chow men, Lu-Lans. They have been terribly punished and will likely be executed or die in gaol. One Kan-chow man was caught last Friday with a few things (of little value to us now) from the East Gate. He was also punished. So far as I know and have heard, the looting of our place was done mostly by the Lu-Lans and the Feng-Cheng carpenters. Feng-Shan was burned the day after our places, the old watchman saved twelve tables and Mr. Powis' bed. Nan-Kang, Tang-Kiang, Feng-Kang, Hueng-shih-tsing, and a large number of the country Christians and inquirers have been looted, and in some cases burned. Sin-Feng and Long-Nan and La-Ti were safe the last we heard. We thank God for all. There are about thirty of us here in the Dao-Tai Yamên.\n\nHis comfort and care, and I am specially thankful that there has been so little murmuring. One cannot but ask, What shall the harvest be of all this suffering and loss? May it be a harvest of souls being saved and spiritual blessing to us all! My heart aches when I think of all the time that has been spent in this city and district and on Feng-Shan buildings, and now they are ruined. My earthly belongings were but few, I think they will be less in the future, why we seek to lay up treasure in Heaven.\n\nYou will be glad to know Mr. Home seems comforted and is well. We have but little spare or quiet time these days and am sorry we have not been able to write you all,\n\nSoldiers are arriving almost every day and 1,200 are expected to-day from the capital; when they come the Dao-Tai is going out to Tao-Ti and Tang-Kiang to deal with the Boxers there, he means business, I think. We hear orders have come from Peking to exterminate the Boxers and rioters. I am going to the East Gate this morning with a few Chinese to clean up broken glass and begin a few necessary repairs. We hope Mr. and Mrs. Tyler be along soon, they will be much needed here.\n\nWith every good wish to you all. \"Let not your heart be troubled.\"\n\nYours in Christ,\n\n(Signed) GEO. J. MARSHALL.\n\nP.S.--Please send to Shanghae.\n\n(Extract.)\n\nInclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nRev. W. S. Home to Mr. Mills.\n\nChina Inland Mission, Kanchow, November 6, 1907. YOU will be glad to learn that Mr. Marshall and myself have just returned from the country this morning. All has been satisfactorily arranged. We find that sixty-three families have suffered in all; an indemnity of 13,503 dollars is to be paid to them, which is a very moderate sum for so many sufferers. Some have lost heavily. The Taotai Keung-or, rather, Judge-is still in the Nankang district; he is doing all in his power to restore order in a wise and permanent way. He is just the man for this crisis.\n\nHe has looked after our interest, and we are very thankful to him for the speedy and satisfactory settlement of our affairs. Some of that money is to be paid in a few days and the balance shortly. We are so thankful for settlement; this sets us free for reconstruction of the ruins.\n\nHope Mr. and Mrs. Tyler may soon be here, and also Mr. Rowe. The Meikles also may come along any time. It must be a comfort to them that their place has escaped. We have a letter from Mr. and Mrs. Seiple; they are safe, although they have gone through a great storm of rumours.\n\n24",
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        "page_number": 28,
        "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "25\n\n6\n\nThere is little chance for further trouble in this district with so many soldiers, unless rebellion breaks out, when we believe the troops would join the insurgents.\n\nThe provincial Judge Kiang is an able and just man, and is trying to settle things on a permanent basis. The Roman Catholics may not agree with his measures, but we feel that he is taking the right course—not ruthlessly and indiscriminately wiping out the place, but demanding that the gentry shall deliver the offenders or be punished as criminals themselves. This thing has all happened by the connivance of these men; now the responsibility is put on the right shoulders.\n\nShould write you more fully, but time fails. Thank you for kind letters of love and sympathy.\n\nDear Sir,\n\nInclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\nRev. W. S. Horne to Consul Werner,\n\nChina Inland Mission, Kanchow, November 15, 1907.\n\nI am sorry not to be able to send a better report of the progress of restriction of opium. Every official is throwing his weight into the anti-Boxer crusade.\n\nWe thank you most heartily for what you have done for us from the beginning. We have all been caught napping in the end. The Nankang Magistrate is largely to blame for the whole movement; his anti-foreign attitude gave strength and speed to the Boxer uprising. Judge Kiang has afforded Mr. Marshall and myself every protection, and got all the foreigners out safely except the French—or, rather, Italian—father. He has acted the perfect gentleman throughout; we are deeply grateful to him for the speedy and satisfactory settlement so soon reached after the subsidence of Boxerism. He is still the only man who is doing anything to restore order in the district. Had it not been for your request that he should remain to suppress the movement everything would have been lost, and few foreigners would have escaped alive. He was the only man of any use both during the riot and after it. Even now these men sent by capital and from Nanking are not in it with him. He has better abilities and is ever so much more sincere; one can place confidence in him, which is more than one can say for those otherwise appointed. He is now in Tsongi district, over 200 li from Kanchow, following up dispersed Boxers. His methods of restoring peace commend themselves to all, foreigner and people alike. Rebellion was the ultimate aim of the Boxers, but they lacked organization and leadership. They rather depended on a simultaneous uprising all over, thus overwhelming officials. Just how near we were to that we do not know,\n\nThanking you again for timely help, yours, &c.,\n\n0\n\n(Signed)\n\nW. S. HORNE.\n\nThis Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[3388]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n[January 31.]\n\nSECTION 2.\n\n0.\n\n7780\n\n4 MAR 081\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.—(Received January 31.)\n\nRec2 (No. 5.) Sir,\n\nPeking, January 1, 1908.\n\nIN continuation of my despatch No. 584 of the 20th December, 1907, I have the honour to transmit to you herewith copy of a letter which the Directors of the Huangpu Conservancy Board have addressed to the Senior Consul at Shanghae, forwarding the comments of Mr. de Rijke, Engineer-in-chief to the Board, on the Memorandum of the German shipping firms, which formed Inclosure No. 2 in my above-mentioned despatch.\n\nSir,\n\nInclosure in No. 1.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed) J. N. JORDAN.\n\nWhangpoo Conservancy Board to M. Siffert.\n\nOffice of the Whangpoo Conservancy Board, Shanghae, December 6, 1907.\n\nIN reply to your letter of the 19th ultimo, inclosing copy of a Memorandum, addressed to His Imperial German Majesty's Consul-General by shipping firms at Shanghae, regarding Conservancy work, we beg to inclose herewith, for the information of the Consular Body, a few comments on the said Memorandum which, on our suggestion, Mr. J. de Rijke, Engineer-in-chief to the Conservancy Board, has drawn up.\n\nWe have, &c. (Signed) LIANG YU HO,\n\nHOBSON,\n\nDirectors of the Conservancy Board.\n\nA few Comments on the Memorandum of the German Shipping Firms, dated October 26, 1907.\n\nIn this paper it is said that the Whangpoo, in its present fairway from the Arsenal to the Yang-tsze, has throughout a depth of at least 18 feet at lowest water. Lowest water in the Lower Whangpoo is equal to the zero of the gauge at the Woosung Signal Station. Depth throughout must include that in the passage over the Woosung inner bar. The Harbour-master can tell exactly the depth there at lowest low water all during the summer and up to the present day, but I believe it must have been about a fathom less than 18 feet.\n\nThat in later years the Kajow bar has disappeared is quite true; at present the depth there and that of the ship-channel lower down is not much different from the surveys of 1893 and 1887.\n\nIt is also true that the junk-channel has shallowed, as I reported to the Board. In a river with a bottom so heavy, mobile, and shifting as that of the Whangpoo such changes are not so singular; and yet, notwithstanding these changes in the Gough Island reach, I am following the principle expressed in my Report of 1898, paragraph 36, which says \"that in case this section of the river has to be improved by regulating works, by which to form one uniform channel instead of the two, that channel must be the junk-channel, and not the other, the ship-channel.\"\n\nThis is Plan (B).\n\nBut in the Lower Whangpoo the plan (B) of 1898 is not the same as the plan (B) of 1906 now in execution. The works proposed last year to guide the stream over the\n\n[2818 hh-2]",
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    {
        "id": 416065,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 230,
        "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "3\n\n227\n\nThis Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government. 6.\n\nCHINA RAILWAYS.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[5920]\n\n(No. 44.)\n\nNo. 1.\n\n12634\n\n[February 2011 H\n\nSECTION 3.\n\nAct G\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.—(Received February 20.)\n\nPeking, January 26, 1908. Sir,\n\nWITH reference to my despatch No. 41 of the 22nd instant, I have the honour to forward to you herewith a printed copy of the Tien-tsin-Yangtze Railway Agreement, as signed at the Wai-wu Pu on the 13th January last.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed)\n\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\nInclosure in No. 1.\n\nTien-tsin-Pukow Railway Agreement.\n\nTHIS Agreement is made at Peking on the 10th day of the 12th month of the 33rd year of Kuang Hsü, corresponding to the 13th day of January, 1908, and the contracting parties are his Excellency Liang Tun-yen, Acting Junior Vice-President of the Wai-wu Pu, duly authorized to act on behalf of the Imperial Government of China, of the one part; and (a) the Deutsch-Asiatische Bank, Shanghae, (b) the Chinese \"the Syndicate,\" of the Central Railways (Limited),\" London, hereinafter called other part.\n\nArticle 1.—The Imperial Government of China authorizes the Syndicate to issue a 5 per cent. gold loan for an amount of 5,000,000. The loan shall be of the date on which the first series of bonds is issued to the public, and shall be called \"The Imperial Chinese Government 5 per Cent. Tien-tsin-Pukow Railway Loan.”\n\nArt. 2—The loan is designed to provide capital for the construction of a Government railway line from a point connecting with the Imperial Railways of North China at or near Tien-tsin through Techou and Tsinanfu to Ihsien near the southern frontier of Shantung, hereinafter known as the Northern Section of the Tien-tsin-Pukow Railway Line, and from Ihsien to a point at or near Pukow (opposite Nanking on the Yangtsze-kiang), hereinafter known as the Southern Section of the Tien-tsin-Pukow Railway line; the total length of these two sections being about 1,085 kilom., equal to about 2,170 Chinese li.\n\nThe survey line shall be open to revision by the Director-General of the railway. Art. 3.—The capital so provided shall be solely devoted to the construction of the railway line including the purchase of land, rolling stock, and other equipment, and to the working of the line, and to payment of interest on the loan during the period of construction, which is estimated at four years from the actual beginning of the works, the commencement of the works not to be delayed beyond six months after this Agreement has been signed, within which period the Syndicate shall notify the Director-General that the sum of 500,000, has been placed at his disposal, to be held in Europe or remitted to China as he may direct, as a first instalment on account of the proceeds of the loan. This amount of 500,000, or whatever portion thereof is actually advanced, together with interest thereon not exceeding a charge of 6 per cent. per annum, shall be deducted from the proceeds of the first sale of the bonds.\n\nArt. 4.—The rate of interest for the loan shall be 5 per cent. per annum on the nominal principal and shall be paid to the bond-holders half-yearly. The said interest shall be calculated from the date on which the loan is issued to the public, and shall be paid by the Imperial Chinese Government during the time of construction either from the proceeds of the loan or from other sources, and afterwards, in the first place, out of the revenue of the railway, and then from such other revenues as the Chinese Government may think fit to use for the purpose in half-yearly instalments according to the amounts specified in the Schedule attached to this Agreement, and fourteen days\n\n[2:56 u−3]\n\nB",
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    {
        "id": 416428,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 593,
        "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n\n583\n\n0.\n\n2\n\nIn the third month of last year (April-May 1907), in accordance with a Memorial containing proposals with regard to frontier affairs submitted by Hsi Liang, the Viceroy of Szechuan, and others, the Board proposed that a sum of 1,000,000 taels should be appropriated from the surplus funds of the Chungking, Chinkiang, and Shanghae customs to meet the initial expenses, and that as soon as the Viceroy and others had decided what sum was required to meet the annual expenses, and had presented a Memorial on the subject, the Board would consider what funds should be appropriated for the purpose.\n\nIn the fifth month (June-July 1907), in consequence of a Memorial on affairs in Thibet submitted by Lien Yu, the Imperial Resident, the Board recommended that the sum of 200,000 taels should be provided out of the Szechuan and Kwangtung Salt Gabelle. Both the above proposals were sanctioned by Imperial Rescript, and the authorities were duly informed.\n\nBy the Imperial Decree now issued Chao Erh-feng and others are directed to carry out all measures necessary in Thibet, and the Board are required to provide the funds required every year. We must, of course, do our best to furnish the money, but of late the financial situation both in the capital and the provinces has been so bad that if any province were required to furnish the funds it is doubtful whether they could be forwarded by the due date, and the only course is to retain in Szechuan, in aid of this scheme, funds which the province is required to contribute towards the payment of foreign indemnities. Szechuan has to furnish 400,000 taels towards the payment of French and Russian indemnities, and 550,000 taels towards the payment of British and German indemnities. The Board propose that 200,000 taels of the former and 300,000 taels of the latter, 500,000 taels in all, should be held back by the province and forwarded in full to Thibet, in order that the necessary measures may be undertaken without delay. The 500,000 taels which should be contributed every year by Szechuan will be made up out of the revenue of the foreign customs and foreign opium li-kin at Shanghae. Should these proposals receive Imperial sanction, the Board will direct the Viceroys of Szechuan and the Liang Kiang to take the necessary action.\n\nSzechuan has always been considered a rich province, and has been in the habit of assisting other provinces out of her surplus revenue. The present matter concerns the frontiers of Szechuan, and it is clearly the duty of that province to help. If funds prove insufficient, the Viceroy of Szechuan should, in accordance with Imperial instructions, provide assistance in order to strengthen the frontiers.\n\nThis Memorial reporting the assignment of funds by the Board is reverently submitted to their Majesties the Empress Dowager and the Emperor.\n\nOn the 19th March the following Imperial Rescript was received: \"Approved.\"\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA,\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n感\n\n[14954]\n\nNo. 1.\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received May 2.)\n\nT8960\n\n[May 2.] RE\n\nMAY 08\n\nSECTION 3.\n\n(No. 130. Confidential.)\n\nPeking, March 16, 1908. Sir,\n\nI HAVE the honour to report the further progress and final settlement of the case of the steam-ship \"Tatsu Maru,\" which formed the subject of my despatch No. 108 of the 4th instant.\n\nOn the 12th instant Liang Ta-jên, one of the Ministers of the Wai-wu Pu, called at the Legation and asked me, on behalf of Prince Ching and Yuan Shih K'ai, if I would approach the Japanese Minister with the view of arranging the terms of an amicable settlement.\n\nI saw Baron Hayashi later on the same day and had an informal conversation with him on the subject, the result of which was that he authorized me to inform Liang Ta-jên of the terms which he was prepared to recommend for the acceptance of his Government. These stipulated for the immediate release of the ship, a salute to the flag in the presence of the Japanese Consul, and suitable reparation for the loss entailed upon the ship and cargo. In return, and as a separate arrangement, Baron Hayashi felt certain that his Government would be willing to co-operate with the Chinese Government in preventing the importation of arms into China in the future.\n\nAs regards the arms, Baron Hayashi agreed that their purchase by the Chinese Government might be the best way out of the difficulty.\n\nIn communicating the views of the Japanese Minister to Liang Ta-jên, I impressed upon him the importance of securing a satisfactory arrangement for the future, which appeared to me to be a sufficient offset to any drawbacks which the settlement of the present case might entail, and he promised to lay stress upon this aspect of the question in submitting it to the Prince and Yuan Shih K'ai. The same evening he informed me that the Chinese Government was willing to release the ship and salute the flag, but would like to leave the question of demurrage and the disposal of the arms to arbitration. The Japanese Minister telegraphed the substance of these pourparlers to his Government, and on the following day submitted a Memorandum to the Wai-wu Pu, the contents of which are embodied in the inclosed note from Liang Ta-jên to me. The Chinese introduced some slight amendments into the wording of one or two of the conditions, which the Japanese accepted, and the incident is now happily closed.\n\nSir C. MacDonald's telegram No. 20 of the 12th March will have shown you the moderation with which the Japanese Government treated the question, and their Minister here has fully reflected the spirit of his Government.\n\nAlthough the matter had little direct connection with British interests, this Legation has had some difficulty in resisting the earnest appeals for assistance which have been made to it by the Portuguese Chargé d'Affaires, who came here daily for advice, and in the end desired our active intervention in obtaining such a modification of the settlement as would bring it into harmony with the views and susceptibilities of the Government at Lisbon. M. Brederode wished in effect to secure an assurance from the Chinese Government absolving the Government of Macao from any intention of encouraging the importation of contraband into China.\n\nThis is precisely what the Chinese declined to admit. They stated openly that their justification for the seizure of the vessel was the moral certainty that the arms were intended for Chinese revolutionaries, and that the connivance or culpable negligence of the Macao authorities was a matter of common knowledge. This plea of extenuation was fully admitted by the Japanese Minister, and as evidence that the Chinese charge was well founded, I have the honour to inclose paraphrase of a telegram which I received two days ago from Admiral Moore, in which he describes what passed at his farewell interview with the Viceroy of Canton, and expresses the view that his Excellency should be supported in his endeavour to prevent the smuggling of arms through Macao.\n\n[2960 b-3]",
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    {
        "id": 421330,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 119,
        "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "# \nA recent article in a Hongkong paper states that \npiracies and river robberies are almost of daily occurrence in the Canton Delta. These it attributes \nto the disastrous floods of last June which have deprived many people of any other resource. \n\nAdmiral Li himself is optimistic as to the result \nof his measures and hopes with the advent of the four \nnew patrol vessels to inaugurate a severe campaign \nagainst the pirate gangs. In the meantime he has issued a proclamation recommending that craft on the \nWest River should carry a more adequate equipment of \ndefensive weapons and carry out more carefully the \nsearch for weapons among passengers coming on board. \n\nThe first of the four cruisers for patrol work \nwas launched on the 10th September and named the \n\"Kiang Ta\". She with her sister ship the \"Kiang \nChi\" are the two vessels for which the contract was \ngiven to the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown \nCompany and their completion in advance of the other \ntwo entrusted to the Chinese shipbuilding Yard reflects credit on the British Company. The \"Kiang \nTa\" is described as follows:- Length, 120 feet; beam, 18 feet... \n\n## \nPage 117 \n\n7",
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    {
        "id": 422537,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 566,
        "title": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "## Minutes of a Meeting held at the Imperial Chinese Railway Offices, Shanghai, October 24, 1903 (2nd Meeting).\n\nPresent: Messrs. Chen Shan-yen, Li Wei-ho, Wang Tsun-shan, and Yang Hsiao-shen, on behalf of His Excellency Sheng Kung Pao, Director-General; and Mr. Jamieson (with his Secretary, S. Y. Kiang), representing the Peking Syndicate.\n\nMR. JAMIESON submitted the Minutes in English of the previous meeting, copies of which had been forwarded to Mr. Chen, and inquired if they were correct. The members stated that they were correct.\n\nThe Chinese members stated that his Excellency Sheng had instructed them to bring forward another point. It appeared that besides coal, the Syndicate proposed to work iron, as one of the estimated sources of earnings of the railway was freight on the transport of iron, and probably they proposed to make steel rails and other railway material. He begged to inquire how that was.\n\nMr. Jamieson replied that the right to work iron was included in the Concession, and undoubtedly the Syndicate intended to exercise it. What particular form the industry might take, he could not at present say, but they had the right to manufacture iron of any sort.\n\nMr. Li then said that in that case the Syndicate would come into direct competition with the Hanyang ironworks, in which his Excellency Sheng was largely interested, and in assisting the Syndicate to build this railway, he would be injuring his own particular business. It was, therefore, necessary to find some means of safeguarding the Hanyang ironworks before he could proceed to discuss the terms of the railway agreement.\n\nMr. Jamieson inquired what proposal his Excellency had to make in the matter. Mr. Li replied that his Excellency's idea was that the Syndicate should undertake not to begin their ironworks for a period of years until the Hanyang ironworks were firmly established, and in reply to a further inquiry of Mr. Jamieson, Mr. Li, after consulting with the Chinese members, said they thought a period of thirty years would be sufficient.\n\nMr. Jamieson said this was absolutely out of the question. They might agree to consider a short postponement, if it was otherwise made worth their while, and provided it was understood that the term of sixty years, as stated in the Concession during which they had the right to work, received a corresponding extension at the end, but a postponement of thirty years was preposterous.\n\nSome discussion then followed as to the time from which the sixty years were to be deemed to run. Mr. Jamieson stated that the time would run from the date of the issue of the permit by the Governor of the province concerned, as provided in Article 1 of the Concessions. They had applied to the Governor of Honan for such permit, and it was expected it would be issued in a month or two, and the date of the permit would be the commencement of the term as regards Honan.\n\nAs regards Shansi, the Syndicate had not yet had time to select areas for working, and no permit had yet been applied for. When issued, it would in like manner determine the commencement of the term as regards Shansi. The iron ore, so far as they knew, was found only in Shansi, and it would, therefore, be a few years yet before the Syndicate would be in a position to do much in the way of developing ironworks.\n\nMr. Jamieson considered his Excellency Sheng's fears that the Hanyang ironworks would be injured by the Syndicate's competition were quite unfounded, as annually over 100,000 tons of iron of various sorts, not counting rails and railway material, China imported, and there was, therefore, an ample market in the country for all that could be produced in both places for many years to come.\n\nMr. Li remarked that the import of iron was falling off, and the production would soon exceed the demand, and then both the Syndicate and the Hanyang ironworks would be ruined.\n\nMr. Jamieson replied that he was not aware there was any falling off, though the Customs returns would show, but he thought the Chinese members were taking a very shortsighted view of the future in supposing there would be no increase in the demand. With the railway development now going on, there was bound to be an enormous growth in the demand for iron and iron manufactures of all sorts in China itself, and it was surely better that China should supply this herself than import it from abroad and have to pay for it. Besides, as soon as the home market was supplied, they could export it—to Japan, for instance. The more iron that China could turn out and sell, the better. His Excellency Sheng should remember that the Hanyang ironworks were not the whole of China, and consider the advantage of the people at large.\n\nMr. Chen remarked that his Excellency was naturally bound to look after his own interests first.\n\nMr. Jamieson then said, as regards the particular point raised, if the members would formulate a definite proposal for postponement for a short period, five or ten years, he would consult the Board, but he could give no sort of assurance that it would be entertained, and, in any case, they would expect some countervailing advantages.\n\nMr. Yang suggested ten years from the date of completion of the railway to Tsechow. Mr. Jamieson replied that he could not accept that, as that part of the railway might never be built; besides, it would be folly to build a railway and cut off one of the main sources from which freight earnings might be expected. Any postponement must date from the signing of the railway agreement now under discussion. Also, he wished to know what countervailing advantages they could offer for such postponement? Had the members consulted his Excellency the Director-General in regard to the point reserved at the last meeting, viz., the consideration to be given for the shares which they were asked to present to the Chinese Government?\n\nMr. Li said his Excellency had instructed them that the question of safeguarding the Hanyang ironworks must be settled before anything else was discussed. As to countervailing advantages, the guarantee itself was the advantage to the Syndicate.\n\nMr. Jamieson reminded them that the Syndicate already possessed this so-called advantage by virtue of Prince Ching's promise to Mr. Townley. The line was to be taken over on similar terms to those granted for the Russian Cheng-Tai line. He could not bargain in respect to that.\n\nMr. Chen said his Excellency Sheng did not admit that at all. His Excellency had himself advised Prince Ching that the line should be guaranteed, and it was in consequence of his advice that Prince Ching had promised it to Mr. Townley, and that was why the matter had now been referred to him to settle. The Syndicate had, in fact, obtained the promise from his Excellency Sheng, and he was free to impose any terms and conditions he might think necessary.\n\nMr. Jamieson said he knew nothing of what advice his Excellency may have given to Prince Ching, and it did not concern him at all. All he knew was that there had been a definite undertaking given by Prince Ching that the line should be put on a similar footing to the Russian Cheng-Tai line, and if his Excellency did not consider that binding on him, it was useless for them to go on discussing any longer. With much reluctance, he must place the matter again in the hands of the British Minister, and he begged them so to inform the Director-General.\n\n## No. 51.\n\n**The Marquess of Lansdowne to Sir E. Satow.**\n\n**CHINESE RAILWAY INDEMNITY.**\n\nYour telegram No. 257 of the 19th instant.\n\nForeign Office, November 28, 1903.\n\nHis Majesty's Government authorize payment to Chinese Railway Administration of interest referred to in your telegram No. 257 of the 19th instant. The interest on the £90,000 advanced by British Railway Administration, as to which we are in communication with the War Office, should not be included in the payment.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 577,
        "title": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "## 66\n\nYour Excellency's notice the circumstance which led to a rupture of the negotiations for an Agreement which was about to be concluded between His Majesty's Commissioner at Wei-hai Wei and the Governor-General of Shangtung in connection with gold mining rights at a place known as Tiger Hill, situated on the boundaries of the territory leased to Great Britain under the Wei-hai Wei Convention.\n\nYour Excellency is doubtless aware that the conclusion of this Agreement was blocked by the action of the German Legation at Peking, who intervened on behalf of a German Company, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Bergbau und Industrie im Auslande, who had obtained a Concession on the 24th August, 1899, granting them exclusive mining rights over an area of 250 li round Chefoo, which would include the whole of the leased territory of Wei-hai Wei.\n\nIn discussing this question with His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires, Baron von Mumm stated that a clause of the German Agreement excluded from the sphere of operations any places already conceded for the working of mines, &c., to merchants of other nations, and he considered that this applied to the leased territory, but not to the zone of influence bordering on it. The Imperial Minister repeated this contention in a subsequent conversation with His Majesty's Minister, urging that the action of the German Legation was justified by the judicial interpretation of the British lease of Wei-hai Wei.\n\nHis Majesty's Government are of opinion that no distinction between the leased territory and the sphere of influence contiguous to it, such as that claimed by Baron von Mumm, is to be inferred from the terms of the Wei-hai Wei Convention, and I have therefore been instructed by the Marquess of Lansdowne to represent to your Excellency that the presence of foreign miners is incompatible with the spirit of that Convention, and would clearly interfere with the right secured to Great Britain of erecting fortifications and taking such measures for defence as may be deemed necessary within the zone in question.\n\nI am further instructed to express the earnest desire of His Majesty's Government that the Imperial Minister at Peking may be instructed to withdraw his opposition to the proposed Agreement for the regulation of mining operations in Tiger Hill.\n\nI avail, &c.\n\n(Signed) **GEORGE W. BUCHANAN**\n\n## No. 74.\n\n67\n\n575\n\nBut you should strongly oppose French proposal, should it take form, in view of our recent agreement with Chinese Government.\n\nFull information was sent you by last mail with regard to Colonel Manifold's mission.\n\n## No. 76.\n\n**Memorandum communicated by Count de Lulaing, December 22, 1903.**\n\nAt the end of September last the Belgian Government empowered the Belgian Minister in China to suggest to his colleagues in Peking the following transactional proposal with a view to hasten the payment of the Chinese indemnity:-\n\nChina to sign, without further delay, the \"bons nationaux\" payable in gold, which had been sent to the Taotai of Shanghae in December 1902. On the other hand, the Powers to consent to China continuing the six monthly payments of the indemnity in silver, and to grant the necessary delay, until the entire debt should be paid.\n\nThis proposal maintained the principle of the gold payment of the indemnity, as prescribed by the Peking Protocol, but allowed China to pay off her debt, by instalments, in silver. By increasing, in this way, the number of annuities, the sum would amount to the total of the debt calculated on a gold basis.\n\nNearly all the States interested in the Chinese indemnity question have received this proposal favourably, but the Russian Government have not stated their views, with the result that the arrangement has been deferred, as several foreign Ministers in Peking had been instructed to support the proposal only in case of unanimity among the interested parties.\n\nSo as to hasten the signature of the \"bons nationaux d'indemnité,” it would be highly desirable that the interested Powers should exert, if possible, their influence at St. Petersburgh with a view to obtaining the adhesion of the Imperial Government to the proposal.\n\nWould the British Government feel disposed to send instructions of this nature to His Majesty's Minister in Russia?\n\nThe result to be obtained is an important one, for there is no doubt that China would agree to the proposal were it formulated by the unanimous interested States.\n\nLondon, December 22, 1903.\n\n## Sir E. Satow to the Marquess of Lansdowne.--(Received December 22.)\n\n(No. 273.) (Telegraphic.) P.\n\nPeking, December 22, 1903.\n\nPROJECTED French railway. Your Lordship's telegram No. 196 of the 4th instant.\n\nI was informed some time ago by French Minister that the French were thinking of such a line. In reply to inquiries the Foreign Board deny that he has mentioned it to them, but I think, nevertheless, that he has probably done so.\n\nThe whole course of the suggested line has not yet been examined, but the Intelligence Department at Tien-tsin inform me that Captain Hunter examined the Tsing-kiang portion of it, and reported it impracticable for railway construction.\n\nSubject to your Lordship's approval, I will send the Commercial Attaché with a Royal Engineer officer and two Indian surveyors, whom I hope to obtain through the General at Tien-tsin, to investigate.\n\n## No. 77.\n\n## The Marquess of Lansdowne to Sir E. Satow.\n\n(No. 212.) (Telegraphic.) P.\n\nForeign Office, December 25, 1903.\n\nINDEMNITY bonds and conversion of indemnity payments. Your telegram No. 271 of the 19th instant. The suggestion made by Belgian Government that we should join in representations at St. Petersburgh is being considered.\n\nYou should act at once on instructions conveyed in my despatch No. 281 of the 21st September unless you see strong objections. It is possible that action of Commission with regard to conversion of next instalment may be affected by a formal representation to the Diplomatic Body.\n\n## The Marquess of Lansdowne to Sir E. Satow.\n\n(No. 209.) (Telegraphic.) P.\n\nSUGGESTED French railway from Ichang.\n\nForeign Office, December 22, 1903.\n\nIt would be as well, before taking action suggested in last paragraph of your telegram No. 273 of the 22nd instant, to consult Colonel Manifold, who, with two other officers, has started for China to conduct further surveys for a line to Szechuan on behalf of British and Chinese Corporation and Peking Syndicate.\n\n## No. 78.\n\n## The Marquess of Lansdowne to Sir E. Satow.\n\n(No. 215.) (Telegraphic.) P.\n\nForeign Office, December 26, 1903.\n\nON the 7th instant, German transport left Port Said bound for Hangchow Bay, with 212 troops on board.\n\nPlease refer to `page 280` of North China Intelligence Diary for period ending the 27th October.",
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        "id": 428834,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 175,
        "title": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "when the rioting was at its height. Reparation was demanded and obtained by both the British and Japanese consular officials, but unwise delay occurred in dealing with the unruly soldiery concerned on the plea that some forty men remained absent from barracks. As a result, a second riot occurred on the 13th February in which a Chinese police officer and several constables were wounded. The trouble was alleged to have originated in the withholding of the men's pay.\n\nI visited this 46th regiment at Soochow on the 9th instant and saw the men on parade, in their barrack-rooms, and in their class-rooms, and spoke to many of the non-commissioned officers and soldiers. Everything appeared to be orderly and regular, and the demeanour of the men and their bearing towards their officers respectful and soldierlike.\n\nBefore I left Peking (on the 15th March) the judge advocate-general of the Chinese army had informed me that the brigadier, C'hên Të Lung, had been removed, but on my arrival at Soochow I found him still there, in command, and believe he is so now.\n\nThe Wai-wu Pu has now officially informed His Majesty's Legation that the following punishments were awarded, viz.:—\n\nThe ringleader, Sergeant C'hên Li Shan; imprisonment for life.\n\nPrivates Weng and Sun; twenty years and ten years imprisonment respectively.\n\nMajors Tseng Li Chao and Chiêng Hung En, commanders of the two mutinous battalions (1st and 2nd) of the 46th regiment, who had already been deprived of their rank, to undergo in addition a term of imprisonment (period not stated).\n\nAt Kiang Yin forts, His Majesty's consul at Nanking reported, on the 12th January, there had been considerable disaffection in the 36th regiment, which culminated in the desertion of nearly 100 men. The cause would appear to have been dissatisfaction with promotions to non-commissioned rank. (The 36th regiment belongs to the 9th division, the discipline of which has frequently been a subject of unfavourable comment.)\n\nHis Majesty's consul now reports that the following punishments were awarded in connection with this outbreak, viz.:--\n\nThe sergeant who originated the mutiny was beheaded.\n\nThe captain of the company concerned has been dismissed, deprived of his feather, button, and badge of merit, and sentenced to imprisonment for five years.\n\nThe colonel, who had been removed from his command before the mutiny broke out, has three marks recorded against his name.\n\nThe major (battalion commander) has been removed, and is not to be employed in the army again.\n\nThe brigadier-general of the 18th brigade has two marks recorded against his name.\n\nAt Ch'ing Chiang P'u, in the 13th Brigade (Mixed Brigade) of regulars, serious disaffection appears to have undoubtedly occurred last month. The native papers at the end of March contained alarming accounts of the state of things there, pointing to an entire disorganisation of the brigade. It was said that a letter suggesting disturbance was sent from one of the infantry regiments at Soochow to an infantry regiment at Ching Chiang P'u, but was delivered to the cavalry by mistake, and that General Wang (the military governor of Kiang Pei) called out the infantry but they refused to obey the order; that General Wang bad then sent the gendarmerie and city guards to open the floating bridge and close the city gates and man the walls at the west and south gates; that the mutineers had then assembled outside the city wall and sharp fighting had taken place in which the civil canal-side population had suffered heavily as well as the mutineers, who had then retired to the south bank of the old Yellow River, and that two battalions had been sent up from Nanking.\n\nI anticipated, therefore, that I should probably be prevented by the Chinese authorities from proceeding to Ching Chiang P'u, but no objection was raised, and I arrived there after nightfall on the 4th April, and was very well received by the authorities. There was a dense and curious crowd at the landing-place as I disembarked but, in my passage through the heart of the city, could discern no sign of disorder, the streets being full of people and the shops open as usual.\n\nThe following day I saw the 13th Mixed Brigade at their lines, about 1 mile north of the town, making a long inspection of the barracks and institutions and seeing some units of every arm (except the transport, whose barracks are not yet ready) on parade. In the afternoon they had a small field-day (cavalry and infantry only) for my benefit in the old bed of the Yellow River. The officials were exceedingly reticent about the recent disturbance, and, indeed, denied that there had been a serious mutiny. In any case, I am satisfied that the disturbance has been greatly exaggerated, for it had not resulted, at any rate, in any visible disorganisation of the brigade. My Chih-li servant, whom I sent out into the town to make enquiries, and my boatmen (two of whom were Ching Chiang P'u men) could obtain no confirmation of the alarmist reports, and informed me that it was untrue that two battalions had been sent up from Nanking. They admitted, however, that there was talk in the town about some discontent in the luchun (regular troops), and that it concerned the men's pay. I have little doubt that there was more or less serious trouble, as the officials took care to keep me very fully occupied during my stay, inspecting troops, schools, hospital, &c., and were obviously anxious to prevent my visiting Dr. Woods, of the American mission. I insisted, however, on calling at the mission, but he and the Rev. Graham were both, unfortunately, away, and I subsequently failed to catch up Dr. Woods at Shanghae.\n\nIn the men's dining-rooms, moreover, in barracks, I noticed a proclamation by the military governor Wang referring to discipline and exhorting them to good behaviour, which would point to there having been some necessity for its issue. The officials, moreover, laid particular stress on the unreliability of newspaper reports.\n\nOn the 4th April His Majesty's consul at Nanking saw the Viceroy's confidential adviser Yang Chêng (ex-Minister to Vienna), who told him that the trouble was not yet over; and on the 15th April he referred to a native newspaper report of the 13th instant, which stated that \"a further 1,000 men had handed in their uniforms and asked for their pay, with the intention of leaving the service, and that the officers had not dared to refuse them.\" (I am inclined to doubt this statement.)\n\nAt Changsha, during the recent serious riots, the inactivity of the 26th mixed brigade of regulars quartered there is significant. His Majesty's consul-general at Hankow reported that \"soldiers, often in far greater number than the rioters, watched the work of destruction without moving a finger, till Friday evening (the second day of the riot), when two men, for sharing in the burning of the Standard Oil premises, were put to death and their heads exposed. The inactivity of the troops is ascribed to two of their number being beheaded for firing on the assailants of the governor's yamên.\"\n\nHis Majesty's consul at Changsha reported on the 18th April that “500 of the regular troops have deserted from barracks with their arms and ammunition, and their intentions are as yet unknown.\" He had, however, previously very justly remarked that \"seeing that soldiers were executed for firing on the mob, it is not surprising that they were not keen.\"\n\nThe above are the more striking instances of recent indiscipline, but do not by any means complete the list; minor cases, such as quarrels with the police and civil population, and strikes on the part of military students, &c., having been from time to time reported from various places.\n\nAs regards the causes underlying this laxity of discipline, from enquiries made during my tour, and information from various sources, both official and private, the impression left on my mind is that the following various specific causes have led to the present unsatisfactory state of things:\n\n1. Territorial Enlistment.--This has been a pet scheme with the War Office owing to its advantages in the matter of formation and training of reserves. The fact seems to have been somewhat overlooked at Peking that, with territorial enlistment, it cannot but happen that local popular sentiment will also, to a great extent, be the sentiment of the local soldiery,\n\n2. Conscription. This is being gradually introduced in a modified form, and is not everywhere welcomed.\n\n3. Incessant and Hard Work.--Incessant and hard work, both on parade and in the class-rooms, has been imposed on the soldiers of the regular army. The gymnastic training, especially, by which much store is set, contains many unnecessarily dangerous practices, whereby a number of men are annually more or less seriously injured. The Chinese army doctors, with whom I have spoken, very generally condemn many of these practices.\n\n4. Lack of Short Leave. This is a very general grievance, and one that might easily be remedied in territorially-recruited forces.\n\n5. Cases of Irregularity in the Issue of Pay.--Last year, as far as I could gather,\n\nPage 173",
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        "id": 428976,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 317,
        "title": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "4\n\nEnclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\nMessrs. David Sassoon and Co. and Messrs. E. D. Sassoon and Co. to Consul-General\n\nSir,\n\nJamieson.\n\nHong Kong, May 2, 1910.\n\nWE have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 25th ultimo with reference to the proposed new tax on opium in Canton.\n\nWe now beg to send you enclosed copies of three proclamations issued by the Opium Bureau, with translations thereof. From these you will observe that, although the proposed tax is purported to be imposed on prepared opium, yet it is really to be levied on raw opium and collected from the wholesale dealers.\n\nAccording to the additional articles of the Chefoo Convention, duty and li-kin having been paid to the Imperial Maritime Customs, foreign opium is not to be subjected to any further taxation except at the place of consumption, and then only provided that a similar tax is imposed on the native drug. In this instance, not only is the tax to be levied at a treaty port—in itself a breach of treaty rights—but whole packages bearing the Customs certificate will also be subjected to this taxation, as in the majority of cases the Canton dealers sell wholesale.\n\nUnder the circumstances, you will see that we are justified in protesting against the imposition of this tax, which has already had the effect of demoralising the market, and we hope you will see your way to take the necessary steps to protect the interests of the British importers.\n\nWe may mention, for your information, that Kwong Wing Yuen, the party authorised by the bureau to collect the new taxes, is, we are given to understand, to retain 30 per cent. of the amount so collected.\n\nWe have also again to draw your attention to the restriction imposed on the Nam Hung merchants, about which we had the honour to address you on the 28th December. This restriction, we are advised, is now being enforced; and, as we pointed out at the time, it is detrimental to our business and an infringement of our rights secured by treaties, inasmuch as it interferes with the freedom of the trade. We hope you will make the necessary representations to the proper authorities, with a view to bringing about its removal.\n\nWe have, &c.\n\nDAVID SASSOON and Co. (Limited)\n\n(R. M. JOSEPH, Manager).\n\nE. D. SASSOON AND Co.\n\n5\n\nthe difficulty in going on with their work; must not exceed their duty and power. They must also work with one mind, and clear all misunderstandings. As the date for starting this business is rapidly approaching, all raw opium dealers in Canton, and prefectures, sub-prefectures, districts, and commercial centres outside the limits of the city, should work together in making preparatory arrangements, should at once consider the matter heartily and co-operatively, and should quietly wait for our issue of a notification appointing a date for collecting the taxes in question. As regards the notices that have been distributed to the raw opium dealers in connection with this matter, they are now rendered null and void, so as to place the responsibility on those afterwards appointed.\n\nIssued on the 7th day of the 3rd moon in the 2nd year of the reign of Emperor Suen Tung, and given to Kwong Wing Yuen (Leung Chiu Tong, master) and Ki On Tai for execution in accordance with the wording of the notification.\n\n(2.)\n\nNow, according to the statement of the manager of Ki On Tai, made personally, the responsibility is, in his opinion, important and great, and he is unwilling to take the work unto himself. We have repeatedly advised and encouraged him, but he is firm in his refusal. We have originally entrusted the work to Kwong Wing Yuen and Ki On Tai. As the latter has withdrawn, Kwong Wing Yuen should take the sole responsibility to himself, and should not make any evasive excuse, and cause hindrance to this important business. All preparatory arrangements are to be carried out in accordance with our previous notification.\n\nIssued on the evening of the 7th day of the 3rd moon, in the 2nd year of the reign of Emperor Suen Tung, for the information of Kwong Wing Yuen.\n\n(3.)\n\nEnclosure 5 in No. 1.\n\nProclamations issued by the Opium Bureau.\n\n(1.)\n\nTHE head bureau for the suppression of opium in the whole province of Kwong Tung hereby issue this notification, as follows:-\n\nWe have obtained the sanction of his Excellency the Viceroy of Canton in the matter of levying a tax on prepared opium in the issue of licences and permits; the object is to make a thorough investigation into whether a restraint may be put upon the consuming public. We have already made an estimate of the revenue derived from this source, and will place the responsibility for collecting these taxes on raw opium dealers. They must be well-to-do and sincere before they are compatible for this undertaking. As the result of an enquiry made, we have found that, since the enforcement of the purchase of unprepared opium under the permit system on the 10th moon of last year, that Kwong Wing Yuen is doing most of the business in foreign raw opium among the dealers, while Ki On Tai is taking the lead in effecting sales of native raw opium. It has come to our notice that both of them are well-to-do and sincere merchants. They are thus fit for such selection. But as the work concerns the whole province of Canton, all matters connected with collecting taxes, checking the smuggling of opium and its seizures are multifarious and delicate in the beginning. They (the two merchants) must understand the importance of the affair; must not fear the difficulty in going on with their work; must not exceed their duty and power.\n\nThe head bureau for the suppression of opium in the province of Kwong Tung hereby issue this notification. We have telegraphed to the Board of Finance on the matter of levying a tax on prepared opium, and received a reply sanctioning our making a trial with the project. It is to be done after the ways or methods that are being used in the province of Kiang So, and for every tael of prepared opium the tax is 30 cents. We have instructed all the raw opium dealers to examine the permits and tax so much as the weight of the opium may be. This is done in order to investigate into the amount of consumption, and put a restraint upon the smokers. We have already given order to Leung Chin Tong, master of Kwong Wing Yuen (a raw opium dealer), to get the other shops to join him in this work. We have fixed the 1st day of the 4th moon (9th May, 1910) as the date to begin collecting this new tax. Besides sending up a report to his Excellency on the matter and informing (other officials) the same, we think it fit to notify the raw opium dealers, purchasers, smokers, and the like to obey our notification. It should be understood that the new taxation affects the smokers only, and entertains no prejudice to those trading in raw opium. The smokers should obey our order and pay the tax. Hereafter, if any of them be found acting to the contrary, the perpetrators will suffer punishment due to his fault. Now that the price of opium has risen considerably, it behoves the smokers to feel remorseful, and rid themselves of their old indulgence. If any of the raw opium dealers be discovered carrying on the trade stealthily, fraudulently, illegally, or nefariously, he will be sent for to give up his licence and ordered to close his shop, while punishment will be meted out to him as a warning to others, and no leniency will be shown.\n\nAll of you obey and beware of our special notification.\n\nIssued on the 17th day of the 3rd moon, in the second year of the reign of Emperor Suen Tung.\n\n314",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 483,
        "title": "CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nC\n\n0\n\n37666\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[November 9.]\n\nSECTION 5.\n\n[40786]\n\nNo. 1.\n\nIndia Office to Foreign Office.--(Received November 9.)\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for India presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, by direction of Viscount Morley, forwards herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State, copy of a telegram from the Viceroy, dated the 7th November, 1910, relative to the Burmah-Chinese frontier.\n\nIndia Office, November 8, 1910.\n\nEnclosure in No. 1.\n\nGovernment of India to Viscount Morley.\n\nNovember 7, 1910.\n\n(Telegraphic.) P.\n\nTHE following telegram, dated the 3rd November, from His Majesty's consul at Tengyueh was repeated on the 4th instant by the Government of Burmah:---\n\n\"Information has reached me from private source of the appointment of Sub-Prefect Lung-Ling, as soon as relieved at his present post, to conduct an administrative expedition to Pien-ma. It is expected that he will start by the 1st December at the latest.\n\nBurmah Government have requested consul to find out, if he can, size of escort by which Lung-Ling is likely to be accompanied. Mr. Rose, in a demi-official letter dated the 21st ultimo, gives his opinion that, at the earliest, there is practically no chance of troops from Tali-fu reaching frontier district until 1911; and he expresses his adherence to the views which he has already stated in his memorandum dated the 24th May, 1910. In view of rebellion around Yungning and Chungtien, a number of the Tali-fu troops are guarding Li-Kiang and the ferries over the Yang-tsze, and practically all troops have been withdrawn from Tengyueh, many of them being scattered over the district at places where it is expected that local disturbances will occur. Consul further remarks that the inference that no fuss will be made by the Chinese on the frontier may, in his opinion, be drawn conclusively from the fact of their willingness to disorganise their forces.\n\nPage 92\n\n[2982 -3]\n\n482",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 287,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## Shantung, and other provinces, are encountering strong opposition from the Senate, and not without some reason. Kiangsu, for instance, does not see why it should have been saddled with the loan of 3,500,000 taels made, it is alleged, to the Shanghai taotai in August last largely to cover up gambling debts of Chekiang (Ningpo) people in connection with rubber transactions, and the representatives of the province are making their views felt in Peking.\n\nI have, &c.\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n## Enclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\n### Agreement made between his Excellency Fan Tseng Hsiang, Financial Commissioner of Nanking, and the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Deutsch-Asiatische Bank and Banque de l'Indo-Chine for a Loan of 3,000,000 taels Shanghai Sycee\n\nTHIS agreement made between his Excellency Fan Tseng Hsiang, financial commissioner, of Nanking, of the one part, and the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Deutsch-Asiatische Bank, and Banque de l'Indo-Chine, hereinafter called the \"banks,\" of the other part;\n\nWhereas the Viceroy of the Liang Kiang provinces, his Excellency Chang Jen Chun, has for the purpose and with the object of relieving the present state of the Kiangnan market memorialised the throne for and received an Imperial edict (communicated by the Wai-wu Pu to the British, German, and French Ministers in Peking) authorising him to raise a foreign loan of 3,000,000 taels, and has specially vested the financial commissioner, his Excellency Fan Tseng Hsiang, with powers to negotiate for the said loan and to seal the loan bonds hereinafter referred to,\n\nWitnesseth as follows:\n\n1. The banks hereby agree to lend to the Viceroy of the Liang Kiang provinces and the Viceroy hereby agrees to borrow from the banks the sum of 3,000,000 taels, the payment and repayment of which said sum and of interest thereon are to be made in Shanghai in taels of Shanghai sycee.\n\n2. The banks shall, on the execution of this agreement, pay in full to the financial commissioner the sum of 3,000,000 taels Shanghai sycee.\n\n3. The interest for the said sum of 3,000,000 taels shall be 7 per cent. per annum, to be computed from the date of this agreement and payable by the financial commissioner or his successors in office on the 11th day of June and the 11th day of December yearly until repayment of the loan has been completed. The principal shall be repaid in six yearly instalments as follows:\n| Year | Instalment Date | Amount (taels Shanghai sycee) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1911 | December 11 | 500,000 |\n| 1912 | December 11 | 500,000 |\n| 1913 | December 11 | 500,000 |\n| 1914 | December 11 | 500,000 |\n| 1915 | December 11 | 500,000 |\n| 1916 | December 11 | 500,000 |\n\n4. In the event of there being a surplus from the three revenues hereinafter mentioned after duly paying the yearly instalment of the principal and interest, the financial commissioner shall be at liberty, on giving three months' previous notice to the banks, to pay off the next instalment of principal or the whole sum for the time being remaining owing.\n\n5. This loan is secured by a first mortgage on the following revenues of Kiangnan, namely:\n- (a) The \"Shou Hwui-fu Chia Pa Cheng\" salt li-kin of the four salt districts of Hunan, Hupeh, Kiangsi, and Anhui (\"Siangping\"), 300,000 taels.\n- (b) The additional Kiangnan Yao Cheng salt duties (\"Siangping\"), 320,000 taels.\n- (c) The \"Hai Fun Shih Wu Cheng\" salt li-kin of Liang Hui (\"Siangping\"), 120,000 taels.\n\nThe aforesaid three revenues amount to 740,000 (\"Siangping\") taels in the 3rd year of Hsuan Tung, but will increase to 840,000 (\"Siangping\") taels from the 4th year of Hsuan Tung.\n\nThe financial commissioner hereby guarantees that no mortgage or charge exists on the aforesaid revenues. The Viceroy of the Liang Kiang provinces further guarantees on behalf of himself and his successors in office that no other or further pledge of such revenues, whether by way of loan on, or mortgage of, the said security shall be made without an explicit declaration of the relative priority of the present loan over each and any other or further pledge of such security.\n\n6. The financial commissioner shall, within three months of the execution of this agreement, hand to the banks bonds in Shanghai taels, Shanghai sycee, for the total amount of this loan, namely, 3,000,000 taels, sealed with the official seal of the financial commissioner as evidence that he and his successors in office are bound thereby. The form and amount of the bonds shall be settled by the banks in consultation with the financial commissioner. Bonds for the amount repaid shall be immediately returned to the financial commissioner for cancellation. After each instalment of the principal is paid, interest at the rate aforesaid shall only be charged on the residue of the principal for the time being remaining owing.\n\n7. The financial commissioner for himself and his successors in office hereby unconditionally guarantees and declares himself and themselves responsible for the due repayment of the principal of 3,000,000 taels, Shanghai sycee, and the payment of interest thereon.\n\n8. As officially communicated by the Wai-wu Pu to the British, German, and French Ministers in Peking, the Viceroy of the Liang Kiang provinces is authorised to guarantee on behalf of the Imperial Chinese Government, and he does hereby guarantee under his official seal, that payment of interest and repayment of the principal of this loan shall be duly made.\n\n9. Ten copies of this agreement are executed in English and Chinese; one copy to be retained by the Viceroy of Liang Kiang provinces, one by the Board of Finance, one by the Wai-wu Pu, one by the Financial Commissioner of Nanking, one by the British Legation, one by the German Legation, one by the French Legation, and three by the banks.\n\nIn the event of any question or dispute arising as to the meaning of this agreement, the English text shall rule.\n\nSigned at Nanking by the contracting parties this 10th day of the 11th moon in the 2nd year of Hsuan Tung, being the 11th day of December, 1910 (Western calendar).\n\n(Seal of Financial Commissioner.)\n(Seal of Viceroy.)\n\n(For the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation),\nH. HUNTER, Manager.\n\n(For the Deutsch-Asiatische Bank),\nR. TIMMERSCHEIDT. KOELM.\n\n(For the Banque de l'Indo-Chine, Agence de Shanghai),\nLe Caissier, L. GAUTHERIN.\nLe Directeur, G. MAYER.\n\nIn the presence of:\nJ. O. ANDERSON.\n\n## Enclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\n### Mr. Max Müller to Prince Ch'ing.\n\nPeking, November 17, 1910.\n\nI HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Highness' note of the 10th November, in which you inform me that a telegraphic memorial was recently received from the southern superintendent of trade to the effect that, in view of the critical state of the Shanghai money market, the general chamber of commerce and representatives of the various trades had besought him to take remedial measures, \n\nPage 285",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
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        "id": 440635,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-395 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "page_number": 558,
        "title": "CO129-395 - Public Offices - 1912",
        "content_text": "2\n\nGovernment had let it be known that in order to prevent unsold stocks at the end of the fixed term exportation of certificated drug would probably cease at the end of 1913. Even if he had sold cheap, he would have been in no better position since the native dealers did not take delivery and pay for the opium for which they had contracted and had no means to meet judgments, if such were obtained in the Mixed Court, owing to their up country customers' fear of being caught with stocks on hand when other provinces should imitate Chêkiang.\n\nMoreover, the sudden and absolute closing of that important outlet was a risk not reasonable to foresee and implied a large surplus stock here of consignments previously arranged from India in contemplation of China's performing her part of the agreement loyally carried out by India and Great Britain.\n\nEnclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nE. H. Fraser.\n\nExtract from the \"North China Daily News\" of May 11, 1912.\n\nOPIUM AND THE REPUBLIC.\n\nAMONG many questions awaiting settlement but temporarily obscured by the all-important needs of the financial stability of the new Government, it is clear that opium is destined to take a prominent place. During the past week two notable manifestoes have been published on the subject, the one an appeal to the British people by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the other to the Chinese by General Li Yuan-hung. The purpose of both appeals is the same; on the one hand to Great Britain to grant a revision of the existing treaty with a view to prohibiting the entire importation of Indian opium; on the other hand, an exhortation to provincial assemblies, futuhs and people to urge the central Government to press for the said revision. It is also remarkable to notice that both manifestoes base their claim on the same argument; it is to be feared a fallacious one, as judged by actual experience during the past nine months.\n\nSo long, says Dr. Sun Yat-sen in effect, as the importation and transport of foreign opium is allowed, it will be almost impossible to check the cultivation of opium in China. The high prices prevailing offer too strong a temptation to the farmer. \"We must make its sale and traffic illegal and we can then stop its cultivation.\" At present we are hindered in this because of a treaty with your country.\" It should not be necessary to remind Dr. Sun that if prices are high it is because the Indian Government has faithfully adhered to its undertaking for the past five years to reduce the annual import of opium into China up to the point of total extinction, and that that undertaking was given in return for a pledge by China for concurrent reduction of cultivation. A pledge which the Manchu Government felt itself able to perform, and did perform, should not prove impossible for the Republic administration.\n\nBut leaving for one moment the general aspect of the case, it is of interest to direct attention to a particular instance, as shown in the case of the trade in Chêkiang. Some time last January the Republican authorities in that province seized nine chests of Indian opium, the property of British merchants in Shanghai. Representations were made through the British Consuls in Nanking and Hangchow, but the only immediate result was that about a week later a notification was issued in Chêkiang prohibiting the entry of Indian opium into the province; and here it may be noted that the nine chests, which had now become somewhat of a subsidiary matter as compared with the general principle of the notification, were not recovered by the owners for nearly three months from the date of seizure. It also may be noted that, according to clause 7 of the agreement of the 8th May, 1911, China had bound herself to remove provincial restrictions on the sale of opium: the right to prohibit the entry of opium into any given province was made, by clause 3 of the same agreement, to depend upon proof that cultivation in that province had ceased. It is of course notorious that the very reverse of this state of things now prevails in Chêkiang. The course of negotiations, during which the Nanking authorities showed satisfactory willingness to do their best to secure respect for the agreement, drew from the Chêkiang military governor a statement to the effect that the notification did \"not extend to the sale of Indian opium,\" and a promise that a proclamation should be issued to that effect.\n\n3\n\nThis statement was dated the 19th March. In spite, however, of further efforts and representations to the Tutub personally by the British consul in Hangchow, the new proclamation has not been seen by those interested, and there is no lack of evidence that the original notification remains in full force.\n\nThe seriousness of the position from the foreign merchants' standpoint is shown by the fact that the value of opium stocks at present in Shanghai is estimated at $10,000,000; and at the same time there is the consideration, sentimental but none the less appealing, that to ask China to purchase so much of the drug when there is already little enough money in the country for necessary purposes, is a most ungracious task. But viewing the problem dispassionately, it must be admitted that the agreement of May 1911 was more than generous, and was recognised as such by the Chinese. Moreover, experience sadly contradicts Dr. Sun's argument that the abolition of foreign opium will immediately facilitate the abolition of native. For example, in Szechuan Sir Alexander Hosie reported last September that opium cultivation had ceased to exist, and in accordance with the agreement, the British Government notified merchants that the importation of opium into Szechuan must cease. Yet in November the poppy was being planted again, and according to recent trustworthy reports the harvest this year is expected to yield a \"bumper\" crop. Similarly discouraging reports come from Shansi, also a closed province with a record of cultivation once abolished, from Chêkiang, Fukien and Yünnan. The answer will be, of course, that the Republic has not yet had time to check the licence which the farmers allowed themselves in the general upheaval of revolution, but that is scarcely an argument for the instant cessation of importation and the consequent damaging disarrangement of the plans made by foreign merchants to adapt themselves to the new conditions of the agreement. According to the scale of reduction set by the Indian Government, the importation of certificated opium is 6,700 chests this year and 1,720 next, not including the amounts taken from the uncertificated opium in China at the time when the agreement was signed, the gradual clearance of which is covered by a special clause; and the remaining four years for which the treaty runs are intended to allow the merchants time to dispose of their accumulated stocks. That arrangement cannot be considered unfair to China. The weak point at present in her campaign is the virtual inability of the capital to control the provinces and of the provincial governors to control the farmers. When there is more evidence of practical authority among those who profess to rule, it will be time to talk of repealing an agreement to which only one of the parties hitherto has adhered.\n\nEnclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nExtract from the \"North China Daily News\" of May 15, 1912.\n\nTHE OPIUM TRADE.\n\nLAST Saturday we dealt with that phase of the opium question which relates to the treaty rights of the foreign merchants and the inability of the Republican Government to deal effectively with the subject of the suppression of poppy cultivation in the provinces, in spite of the professions of Dr. Sun Yat-sen and other prominent personages; but, in so far as that article contained certain misunderstandings, a brief reference to the position of the trade is necessary to prevent misconceptions as to the responsibility for the present deadlock in the trade. The Chinese authorities have been responsible for a number of petty annoyances such as those at Nanking and Canton in the past, and at Hangchow at present. But it is only fair to state that the measures taken by the authorities of Chêkiang are aimed at the complete suppression of opium, and not merely to embarrass the trade in Indian opium.\n\nIt is very unfortunate, and to a certain extent serious, that such heavy stocks as 18,122 chests should have accumulated in Shanghai, besides about 6,500 chests in Hong Kong and 1,500 chests in India. During the past eighteen months, especially during the latter part of that period, there has been a large and unhealthy inflation in opium prices. This inflation was caused by the reduction of certified opium put up in the Calcutta auctions as a consequence of the new convention of last May, and by the competition of the merchants themselves. Ever since the treaty of 1907, which provided for a 10 per cent reduction in the quantities put up at the Calcutta auctions year after year, the market has been unduly pushed up; and whatever the price there\n\n551",
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    {
        "id": 444948,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "page_number": 22,
        "title": "CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "content_text": "## \nBriefly, this penal confiscation of merchandise resulted entirely from the merchants' questionable practices, and is purely a question of regulation of the trade, nor can the Wai-chiao Pu admit any liability of Anhui province for payment of compensation. As regards the twenty chests of Indian opium detained at the time in consequence of discrepancies in the dates on the certificates, should it be subsequently ascertained that the discrepancies were occasioned by clerical errors on the part of the maritime customs, the opium can be returned.\n\nPeking, November 2, 1912.\n\n## Enclosure 2 in No. 1\n\n**Memorandum communicated to Wai-chiao Pu by Sir J. Jordan**\n\nHIS Majesty's Minister has the honour to acknowledge the receipt of the Wai-chiao Pu's memorandum of the 2nd instant on the subject of the destruction of Indian opium at Anching.\n\nThat the Wai-chiao Pu should seriously continue to argue this case in face of the conclusive evidence of the flagrant illegality of the seizure obtained on the spot by His Majesty's consul-general has caused Sir John Jordan considerable surprise, and he accordingly decided to await the arrival of the original documents before replying finally to the excuses put forward on the tutu's behalf.\n\nThe Wai-chiao Pu contend that the confiscation of this opium resulted entirely from the merchants' questionable practices in connection with the production of the transit certificates.\n\nThe baselessness of this contention is sufficiently demonstrated by the letters addressed by the chief of police to the keeper of the China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company's hulk at Anching on the 14th and 15th September, in which he states that the seizure of the opium had been ordered by the tutu on the ground that it had been imported in contravention of his, the tutu's, proclamations on the subject. Copies of these letters are enclosed herewith, together with a specimen of one of the numerous proclamations referred to. The attention of the Wai-chiao Pu is invited particularly to articles 5 and 7, which prohibit the import of opium into the province and provide penalties for any customs officer who allows such import.\n\nWhat customs officers are meant may be gathered from the enclosed copy of a notification issued by the officer in charge of the Li-kin station at Wan Chih, in which he indicts the Wuhu customs-house for daring to issue in accordance with treaty transit certificates for twenty packages of Indian opium. How differently this official's own statement reads from the story put into his mouth by the tutu and accepted by the Wai-chiao Pu, who now ask His Majesty's Minister to believe that those twenty packages were detained \"in consequence of discrepancies in the dates on the certificates.\"\n\nAlthough, therefore, there is no longer any reason to treat seriously the contention that the burning of the seven chests or the detention of the twenty packages was due to any supposed irregularity in connection with the documents accompanying the opium, His Majesty's Minister deems it desirable to refute also the further contention of the Wai-chiao Pu that the question as to whether the merchants had or had not taken out certificates for all the opium transported must be determined by whether or no they produced them for examination at the time.\n\nHad the Anhui authorities really desired to ascertain whether the opium seized had complied with the requirements of the additional article to the Chefoo Convention, enquiry of the customs authorities at Shanghai who passed the opium for shipment, or of the China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company, which transported it to Anching, would have dispelled any doubt on this point, and the failure to make these enquiries constitutes further proof, if any were needed, of the bad faith of the officials responsible for the destruction of the consignment.\n\nAs a matter of fact, the whole of this opium was, in accordance with regular customs practice, labelled in packages of two or three cakes in order to prevent the substitution of other drug and to establish its Indian provenance. (A copy of the labels used is enclosed.) It was also provided with two sets of transit certificates, viz., four certificates dated the 11th September and numbered 772-775 for the four chests shipped by steam-ship \"Kianghua,\" and twenty-two certificates dated the 12th September and numbered 542 and 543 and 581-600 for the three chests shipped by steam-ship \"Kiang Kuan.\"\n\nThese certificates, which are now in the possession of His Majesty's Minister, were, in accordance with the usual procedure, handed to the ship's compradore for delivery through the bulk-keeper to the consignee. The opium under ordinary circumstances would have remained on the hulk until it suited the consignee to take delivery, but in this case the steamers arrived at Anching on the 14th and 15th September respectively, on which dates the chief of police wrote to the hulk-keeper the letters above referred to. No notice was given to the consignees, one of whom sent his bills of lading to the hulk, where they were seized by the police, who removed both lots for destruction on the 16th September.\n\nThe enclosed copy of a telegram from the hulk-keeper sent to the China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company at Shanghai on the 17th September corroborates the facts of the seizure.\n\nHad transit certificates therefore accompanied the opium at the time, the only result would have been the destruction of those documents equally with the customs labels, which themselves were sufficient to identify the drug and disprove any charge of irregularity; apparently, however, the tutu never even took the trouble to see whether the opium was labelled or not.\n\nIn conclusion, His Majesty's Minister must remind the Wai-chiao Pu that in his memorandum of the 20th September last he requested that an independent enquiry should be held into this case in order to guard against the making of a garbled and evasive report by the tutu such as has now been actually received and endorsed by the Wai-chiao Pu in the only reply which they have vouchsafed to his representations after lapse of six weeks.\n\nHe is therefore compelled to place on record his opinion that the Wai-chiao Pu have by their conduct of this case supported the Anhui tutu in a flagrant breach of treaty, and he accordingly repeats his demand for the payment of compensation for the opium destroyed, and the publication in the province of Anhui of a proclamation embodying the terms of the former Wai-wu Pu's telegram to the province of June 1911.\n\nPeking, November 21, 1912.\n\n## 21",
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        "id": 445463,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "page_number": 537,
        "title": "CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "content_text": "## Page 2\n\nThe months of October and November last. Suppressive measures had been vigorously conducted within the last two months and much of the crop had been destroyed. He is of opinion that there are still some patches of poppy cultivation here and there in outlying parts of the prefecture.\n\nHis Majesty's consul-general at Shanghai forwarded on the 15th March the copy of a report compiled by Mr. Ezra, who had sent two Chinese for the special purpose of investigating the conditions of opium cultivation in the province. These men left Shanghai on the 19th February and returned on the 11th March. According to their report, poppy was being grown in no great abundance in the Chinkiang prefecture. The neighbourhood of Haimen (50 miles north of Shanghai) and Tungchow (60 miles north-west of Shanghai) was full of poppy, and large fields were under cultivation. The villagers at the latter place had stated that the senior of their local headmen owned two fields, and had twice uprooted a few plants in order to show his zeal in the anti-opium campaign. In the unfrequented districts around Nanking miles upon miles of poppy-fields had been seen, and there was an area of 30 miles under cultivation in the Kiang-ning prefecture. This does not appear, however, to be borne out by the statements of His Majesty's consul at Nanking, given above. According to the two Chinese, poppy was also being grown to some extent in hundreds of places along the Kiangsu-Honan and Kiangsu-Shantung borders, and the neighbourhood of Haichow was covered with the fields for a distance of 50 miles. The report states that \"the foreign missionaries resident in the city [Haichow] confirm the fact that no attempt has yet been made by the local officials to restrict the growth.\" This is to some extent confirmed by the information furnished by His Majesty's consul at Chinkiang. In the northern district of Su-chien the poppy is reported by Mr. Ezra's two investigators to be cultivated extensively, and the supply in this district alone is declared to be adequate for the needs of thousands of smokers.\n\nHonan.\n\nThe \"Central China Post\" of the 21st March published a report on the authority of a missionary that the poppy was being grown on fields belonging to the President, Yuan Shih-kai, as well as on those belonging to his relations. The Peking \"Daily News\" of the 17th March stated that strict orders had been telegraphed to the Governor to investigate the district concerned, and to carry out prompt measures of suppression at all costs.\n\nHupeh.\n\nHis Majesty's consul at Ichang reported on the 27th February that the prefect had gone on a special tour, and had found large areas under opium cultivation in the north-west. According to information received from the Belgian missionaries, the cultivation had increased greatly in the south-west district of Li-chuan. His Majesty's consul reported that apparently poppy was not being grown elsewhere in his consular district.\n\nSzechuan.\n\nThe acting consul-general at Chengtu reported on the 2nd March that he had received information from missionaries that greatly increased cultivation had taken place in the Chien-chang Valley, in the south of the province, during the past year—more especially in the tribal territories beyond Chinese control. The poppy area in this region embraced the prefecture of Ning-yuan, and the districts of Hui-li and Yen-yuan, together with the intervening territory of the independent Lolos. Three good crops had been harvested in quick rotation. Feeble and ill-directed official efforts had been made to destroy these crops but without success. In Western Szechuan a general recrudescence had taken place in the prefecture of Ya-chou since the revolution, but the area under cultivation was less than in former years. The crop had been grown for the greater part in out-of-the-way places, and in the country under the jurisdiction of the native chieftain of Mupin and the tribal lands in the district of Fu-lin. Renewed instructions to suppress cultivation had been issued recently, but the area is difficult of control, a great part being mountainous. In Northern Szechuan there was an inconsiderable amount of cultivation in the prefecture of Pao-ning and the district of Chien-chou. A large amount was being grown in the districts of Kuang-yuan and Chao-hua. Little or no attempt at concealment was made, and the plants flourished in close proximity to the high roads. In the prefecture of Lung-an the enforcement of suppressive measures against the large crops had given rise to local disturbances. In Eastern Szechuan no effort had been made to check the cultivation around Kai-hsien. The acting consul-general also reported that, in addition to the localities mentioned above, small crops were being undoubtedly raised in the more remote places throughout the province. He added that reports from many districts showed an apparently complete suppression of cultivation, and that the cultivation did not appear to have reached really serious dimensions anywhere but in the Chien-chang Valley, where a condition resembling anarchy prevails.\n\n## Page 3\n\nThe acting consul at Chungking reported on the 3rd March that, with the exception of some districts close to the Kueichow border, opium cultivation had been effectively suppressed through Eastern Szechuan. The authorities, he stated, had been actively enforcing the removal of all poppies from these districts. The information from Chungking is not confirmed by the acting consul-general so far as Kai-hsien is concerned. A consular officer has also received information from a trustworthy source, based on observations made during a tour in the neighbourhood of Wan-hsien (25 miles south of Kai-hsien) to the effect that the poppy is growing there freely in all directions.\n\nYünnan.\n\nHis Majesty's consul-general at Yunnan-fu has forwarded information, dated the end of January, from missionaries in Northern and Eastern Yunnan, which shows a large amount of cultivation in those parts. In the Prefecture of Chao-tung the quantity under cultivation was larger than last year, and in the adjoining Prefecture of Tung-Ch'uan the poppy had been freely planted. In the Prefecture of Wu-ting the poppy, especially in remote districts, flourished probably in larger quantities than last year. Prohibitory proclamations had been issued, but little or nothing had been done to check the cultivation among the non-Chinese tribes. In the eastern Prefecture of Ch'ü-ching, the missionary had been on a recent tour, and had noticed a considerable quantity of poppy in fields along the high road. He was informed on good authority that it had also been planted in greater abundance in the hill country away from the main roads. The planting was more extensive than last year, but a large amount had been lately destroyed by soldiers, so that he estimated the local crop this spring at one-half of that of last year. Speaking generally, he considered that the officials in that prefecture were doing very little to prevent cultivation. In a later despatch His Majesty's consul-general reported, from a Chinese source, that the poppy had been sown this year in the districts of Tengyueh, Lung-ling, Yung-ping, Wei-hsi, and Chung-tien, in the west; in Szemao, Chen-pien, and Yung-kang, in the south; in Lo-ping, Chan-yi, Yung-shan, Ta-kuan, and Lu-tien in the east; in Yuan-mow and Lu-chuan in the north. He estimated, on the authority of a Chinese in touch with the local opium dealers, that the yield this season is expected to be three-quarters of the amount last year. The consul-general has received information from a native source that the tutu is doing his best to stop opium cultivation, and is constantly issuing orders to that effect. In the neighbourhood of large towns, the local officials, aided by the military, are able to prevent the planting of the poppy, but in more remote districts—especially in those inhabited by the tribes—they are quite helpless. Several have offered to resign sooner than attempt to interfere with the people's poppy fields, and the soldiers told off for the destruction are beginning to complain that they are laying up trouble for themselves when they leave the army. The tribesmen in the districts bordering on Tonkin and Burma have threatened to emigrate if they are prevented from growing opium.\n\nKueichow.\n\nHis Majesty's consul-general at Yunnan-fu has forwarded information, dated the 27th January, from a missionary at An-shun, 50 miles south-west of the provincial capital, to the effect that the poppy had been planted in greater quantities than in any season during the last six years. The local officials, however, had begun to take energetic measures for suppression, and, as a consequence, the farmers had begun to plough up the poppy and sow beans. A missionary informant writing from Kuei-yang, the provincial capital, on the 1st February, stated that the poppy was widely planted, certainly in larger quantities than before the revolution. He continued that it was reported that in some districts the officials were taking strong measures to suppress cultivation, but that they seemed helpless in the district of the provincial capital itself. In a later despatch the consul-general reported, on trustworthy information based on a recent tour, that the poppy had been seen \"growing everywhere in several districts in the Prefecture of An-shun, and also in the southern Prefecture of Hsing-yi.\n\n## Page 536",
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        "document_key": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 90,
        "title": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "## Page 90\nNo Bestiale des Age Akin, Gwen, [pd\" Cuical glande \n\n140 \n\n3 \n\nM \n\nJ \n\nRight Lung \n\nLeft Lung \n\nSebagai seamana best | Whole Lung granite vi oppimised form | Carry Kviz qa and Tamporna nanoj \n\nplay inclusalting, byt | chady studded incltaną i gang filialia \n\nrappus naariulda que, gong kanilang sa \n\nfall frequen \n\nthighhigh \n\n4th styling + \n\nPlum \n\nRecerantial glance \n\nThink a sšlemak toe hy bang, Sulanged varme all groups, but this mught me wwith funtem Excl'argsta tindingy & aktu, hati suratly dumati \n\ncandal, fubuela, an upper feli \n\nuntuk lift \n\nIntestinia \n\nLiver \n\nAptem \n\n| does not adam me quedó – has wrong, tly upficial hakum, hit kanini Thon Victorian & kampanet) an \n\n89 \n\nIntracraniet \n\nRemarks \n\nko. \n\nVing weduped njection, probable when: 1 konung (lift rapportée), « Instinction, & Lung, von biang, \n\n240 \n\nDINNE \n\noffensool giant more focal glandular affention gaunatly \n\nJ \n\nEndogat ramanan að vigti dilan \n\n| U., Kaligran quran fake) = M \n\nKumar \n\n| Deucent along bayon | the bli vija jua musail form, wett a casandro fiunt \n\nshift side maky \n\nLALISK \n\n37 \n\nTabernalia keralafummamman vl'ausilio | large canf(imageriala kund anuntur \n\n(piline) via st. That tage of folate, be to \n\nAM! \n\nJatt bebe, ale oral cave forslandai M. \n\nthat gland më right litus ventumpul se i vraquotat, sedang- \n\nmust stijft, a vsa kubistine of sexy canalim \n\nte per fing Tra glauch zuloqué szarow \n\nmali ukilin \n\nAH.S + 35 \n\nfor there are most of hiring \n\n14 LI M 36 \n\n| Chattig masklar aukapera)”, B-qqosant autheran \n\noh wow upper Lexy plungime, une hept Sukmalum irmaolofonammmans it, mosting Adlivin one cipta spjau Enlarge mange til at det 100% vida. Koľa \n\nMiglia li czoláčím 1. \n\nHi ha aquad' thi vis, qui de praktorent \n\nML \n\n| Cortigċaralimus) was \"mchorasi'mon hortarlaps won Constige Tinigteren) M. “Indigovalam banda. Qolovima ir aptas vou type ingested a sustine gland at night Likes, nat \n\nVudy shumtim số the \n\nAnd entered reason, bad mer and extend for \n\n-\"bas Kochuvelen (kumpuest \n\nAnd whe \n\n11 Life calia + dutta | Miliang tindirila ogging sold at 10 kan ske almy dylanzamen | porbonić upatta qangir dalang \n\nin front pad of paid en of \n\nLisboa due implanto \n\nwał w płacis \n\n|| Cichqon of migla hidung tinat \n\nHow muliery \n\n241 \n\nLAL \n\nLas \n\nلين عيكم لي \n\nV \n\nAufmen putredial castpos me \n\nmyli wide. \n\nThe miliony, all suproficial Keany story on ever \n\nMany auchany out base along Subarinn fincere \n\n[WL \n\nHal 3-12 May \n\n14 I \n\n+ \n\n- \n\nMalay grey more as any guy pocasional image in internetinktas mashatit me unghi Centerque, segist wich, nath\" forest\" ja vastatin \n\nGulayed, aural adlines, many cantau \n\n1447 J \n\nM.$/ \n\n|18 karamą, Kibarko zrakový di tratt frin; condom heilspy & quay hi lampaced Kong int \n\nLeben \n\nbvimo farine del cavan in tight side \n\n14. \n\nL + \n\nK \n\nFondit qua\" ka taga of fathom Fistinction by deed off incurvaria and lobe, kantonalefnammmata in film, hittila on night, Häckened i \n\nal' at line. \"Communia kellőkevitščini, ma zasty stīga \n\nCollar & Fabermalas glands as upper part of \n\n| Bus tulangist Trang of pics srautas, (ku vna cumikas \n\nkutiny mauendi comme forent\" \n\nMoraitis fenteen peper que simin seederqui, coolme, norus. \n\nHow mustang, mcorby all m \n\nHuomat warging from widiary recommcmont large. \n\nKim to dish of a fore \n\nfrom Kan I wear me the dismaltrate, forms on this \n\nsagana 150 mme quer Cassati tufanda \n\nHarry untion on tonal timungk \n\nProbably benuary alimentary \n\n| hänga mamak belitian, \n\nthyl) {utadvent] ba đ \n\nZaw meshing, a manje poly Viri olarga (laen in Karten | 18 18. oblige skatera kabinama lang sa kan \n\nin unter d \n\nCher metasing is con \n\ntug \n\nR \n\nنے یہ \n\nCarinis glaub, kita, opentraalial mogli sams \n\nshes of bone she met \n\n150. \n\nD \n\nने \n\n2 \n\nClarity studded all through with grey \n\nLester \n\n| Oman from opperial purmat kasking In \n\nStyle cuda egen mot of su gland at lidu, m \n\nne značku, gang fibiades olidated. Kray! Ka \n\nmiling \n\nnight\" sada, veoma or digit \n\nfor w \n\n251 \n\nDS \n\nN 40 \n\n| Covilų (manga) 61, Kaburutan bosofo bilay ago Along Court, mert ein to \n\nAtterret might upper life Exalongadu zanzman põhiline le pidu, honest \n\nAfL \n\nM \n\n> \n\n1 \n\n25 J \n\nM \n\nfrontenditious busad of penemasta. V. 18. \n\n\"Then camemus feu (beanojota), milion haiding meadhied (Gray) for lobe, \n\nMirough Hunt\" of loung \n\nagny \n\nmandal glandin a fun tatmortem mulli” wighti \n\nConcan ventsuget framarracheal growth night side \n\nKa Patil y Futuretan bere aliquamnand Phonics on regis vide \n\nJones of prime up for fred of the \n\n154 \n\n+ \n\nJ \n\nАряне довед \n\nKacharak, pil bīm, us forum foray into the for What's in Flaniere lytside \n\nL \n\nbrida, a fraskať tuloged remanem bre, nelin \n\n## Page 91\n1 \n\nHas any \n\n2481 \n\nJAY \n\nLuar \n\nand admired. possibly by regrating trails from gloved at upper spasi qetë media, ar \n\nbut must post l'avante \n\nکی دیگر کے \n\nThis Jong rundy Both sys \n\nLug \n\nLungs primarily most affected freat me tenang ball ice corelated glaced. \n\n250 \n\nof fruity nggugat fiskaln \n\nK \n\nSarunas Time \n\nla comung widermy a mas su prima datang shown use. Make the item bi dampreet, for at home, won ne vomical mening \n\nalim safada a l'hongand be to f Age of and \n\nucaí en bjť\" auftume past! quin \n\n| Apane munting listemeke, at have recei \n\n247 \n\nHow suition \n\n252 \n\nFotos Kanin Püree sadık \n\nServet veilang di from head \n\nHow melonry at have \n\ntexts lung inthischt hat had \n\nexpanding gend \n\n253 \n\nTractory do prowhead, \n\nKaum low \n\nsusan. | Har midlaany in cortical aven \n\nhango offrand to be older art”, Kine Kå porth math may hawn Lagu Minang. K. dialing \n\n454 \n\nC \n\nof sight' bað mig \n\nI brouss generated in funtarum munakry, na waitinal or mountain games affecettes forad \n\nMo Imitig die tye. Min kangjesi tautat daude \n\nLAS M M2 \n\nRight Lenny \n\nLythm \n\nPleura \n\nHessiastical glands \n\nTakamalam, bosankafesinintman, all Lobis, maan taivastaa berada jaunumu, bett béka, Čabinet Lane Caj, oj right sides. Folia » jointrastral nadangel z omten, menght matt Jaunt bonus 10, a sanga na (filler) a",
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        "document_key": "CO129-489 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 144,
        "title": "CO129-489 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Sir Clementi - 1925 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "The CANTON GAZETTE.\n\n廣州日報\n\nRegistered at the Post Office as a Newspaper\n\nVol III 485 CANTON, CHINA, 民國十四年八月十二日星期三 WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 12 1925,\n\nSingle Copy: 10 Cts. $2.00 A Month #24.00 A Year\n\n## Municipal Council And Canton's Civic Progress\n\n### Stability and Progress.\n\nThe inauguration of the Municipal Council on Monday deserves comment. Despite the extraordinary situation in which this city and this province are placed in consequence of the barbarous acts of the subjects of certain Foreign Powers, the people, under competent leadership, are moving, and moving steadily, in their progress towards civic betterment.\n\n### SIGNIFICANT GESTURE\n\nWhat is the significance of the ceremony on Monday when the Councillors took the oath of office and assumed their corporate responsibility as a Municipal Council? Their gesture was an assurance of confidence to the people of Canton city and a challenge to our foes within and without. As representative citizens of the city, they indicate their faith and confidence in the stability of the new democratic order ushered in on July the First, and are prepared to co-operate actively and intimately with the Executive to build the Greater Canton that shall worthily uphold the proud and ancient eminence of Canton as the Queen City of the South.\n\nLet it be carefully noted that the Municipal Council which has just been instituted is not merely an **ADVISORY** body, but a **SUPERVISORY** and **LEGISLATIVE** organ, responsible for the general direction of the activities of the City Government. The Municipal Council as now constituted is charged with power to enact such laws and regulations as usually fall within the scope of modern Municipal Governments. Upon the Municipal Council will rightly devolve the problems of Municipal Taxation, Revenue and Expenditure. The Council is to meet at regular sessions to deliberate and pass upon the measures which the Executive Commissioners propose for the efficient conduct of the affairs of the Municipality.\n\n### PUBLIC CONFIDENCE AND SUPPORT\n\nScarcely fifty days have elapsed since the new City Mayor and his associate Commissioners took up office. With a practically empty treasury confronting them, they put their shoulders resolutely to their tasks. It did not take long for the evidence of Municipal activity to become apparent to the people: the daily sanitary work of the city has since been performed to the evident satisfaction of the people, and the mending of the public roads is proceeding apace despite temporary difficulties in obtaining materials. The educational difficulties, which have long been chronic, are being grappled with systematically, and soon it is hoped that the City's public school system will be placed on a sound footing. The police have got rid of the troops which had been quartering within the city.\n\nBut whatever progress has been made in the short period since the new City Commissioners took up office, has been largely due to the confidence and goodwill which the people, through its representative citizens, have shown towards the new Government. Without the financial assistance provided by the new Municipal loan, it would not have been possible to set the Municipal machinery going with such comparative smoothness and absence of friction.\n\nAnd it is an earnest of the better days that are now before us, when we see representative citizens, chosen equitably from the chief groups of a complex community - from the fields of commerce, labour, agriculture, education and the liberal professions - ready and willing to undertake the responsibility of Municipal Government for the common welfare of the community.\n\n## Tang Chi-yao Leaving Yunnan.\n\nGeneral Ching Chin Inspects Troops.\n\n## Commerce Leaders on Trade Permits.\n\n### Meeting Of The 4 Chambers Of Commerce To Discuss The Question Of Special Permits For Transportation Of Goods---Resolution Passed.\n\nThe General Chamber of Commerce, on account of the issue of Special Permits by the Commerce Department for the transportation of goods, which, in their opinion, would cause all sorts of obstacles for merchants, called the Presidents and Representatives of the Union of Merchants Association, the City Chamber of Commerce and the Cooperative Merchants Association, in a joint meeting on the 10th instant.\n\nThe meeting was attended by over fifty thousand persons. Flags with mottoes such as \"Down with the Lin Hu, Hong Chao-lin and Tang Poon-yan rebels,\" etc. were everywhere. A full report will be published tomorrow.\n\n## New Rules For Coast Shipping.\n\nSince the outbreak of economic war with the imperialists and blockade of the seaports, the Hongkong Government has received instructions to regard coastal navigation. And all the anti-imperialist unions of the whole province have been notified to act according to the following rules duly drawn up:\n\n1. Steamers of any nationality except British or Japanese are allowed to run to and from any of the various ports, provided they will not call at Hongkong.\n2. Upon entering port, steamers must positively be subject to the inspection of the labour or picket corps of the anti-imperialist unions.\n3. No export of food stuff or any other raw material from the inland districts is allowed.\n\n## Demonstration And Parade To Urge Suppression of Rebels.\n\nIn order to combat the machinations of the Imperialists, it is necessary firstly to put down the counter-revolutionaries and tools of Imperialism; a huge provincial demonstration parade was held on the instant. The labour unions are prepared to carry on a long struggle till final victory is attained by the people.\n\n## Conference Of Chaochaw And Swatow Natives Residing At Canton.\n\nIn view of the public excitement on account of the illegal taxations and extortions on the part of Chen Chiung-ming's generals, a meeting was held at twelve o'clock yesterday by all circles in Canton to urge immediate action by the Government. A conference was held at the Hall of Canton University, for a conference to discuss the matter of urging the Government to put down Chen Chiung-ming's forces, and to restore the control of Swatow, etc. Those present were the representatives of the Swatow and Chaochow Reconstruction Association, the Taipo Public Assembly, Sin Ling Tung Society, the Fungshun Public Assembly at Canton, the Chaochow and Swatow Students Union of the Canton University, etc.\n\nThe conference was opened at half past two o'clock in the afternoon, and Mr. Chau Loo was elected Chairman. The meeting began at 3:50 in the afternoon; Mr. Woo Chung Tong, Vice President of the General Chamber of Commerce, presided and announced the formation of the meeting. He said, in a brief statement, that they were requested to attend the meeting to discuss the question of abolition of the issue of Special Permits for the transportation of goods, as petitions have repeatedly been received to that effect.\n\nThe following resolutions were passed:\n1. That the various organizations of Chaochow, etc., be united together to form a powerful organized Body, so as to deal with Chen Chiung-ming's forces, and to plan progressive methods for the future reconstruction of the Chaochow districts.\n2. That the natives of Chaochow districts residing in Canton be all requested to participate enthusiastically in the great Parade, and to urge the Government to restore the control of Cha chow districts.\n3. That Preparatory Office towards the construction of the \"Joint Union of the Chaochow organizations in Canton\" be used on their participation in the Parade of the 11th August.\n\n## Form Branch Of Cooperative Aeroplane Association\n\nAt the Headquarters of the Defense troops under General Wu Toh-chen, a meeting was held to inaugurate a Branch of the Cooperative Aeroplane Association. There were present, Mr. Chen Pak-nin rendered his report on the present political administration of Chen Chiung-ming's generals in Cha chow, etc. General Wu Teh-chen announced that there is difficulty in the enforcement of such permits.\n\nMr. Liang Tso Hiang said that he had been sent by Commissioner Soong to discuss the obstacles in the Regulations governing the issue of such permits, and a request was made for abolition of such permits. Mr. Woo added that they (the representatives of the Chamber of Commerce and Unions of Merchants) had already held a meeting and expressed opinions and agreed that the points, regarding such permits, which require discussion.\n\nMr. Wong Kok Shing said that the Special Permits are suitable for imported goods, and it appears that exported goods would not be subject to these permits.\n\nMr. Cheung Fat Yu said that Commissioner Soong stated yesterday that the Special Permits do not apply to inland villages, but the local press had published an advertisement from the Pickets of the Workers.\n\n(Continued on Page 3)\n\n## Construction of Highways.\n\nAs previously reported, the Government, at the request of the strikers, has approved the plans for highways. The Bureau of Highway Construction proposes to construct firstly the highway to Whampoa by the strikers; at the same time a highway between Poon and Font Road will be built by disbanded soldiers. Preparations are being made for the organization.\n\nReceived Telegrams have been from Yunnan saying that Tang Chi-yao has decided to flee from Yunnan. General Fan Shek-sang's troops from Poshik city are marching on Yunnan and will soon capture the capital of that province. At the time, General Ching Chin went to the northern districts to inspect the troops there preparatory to dispatching them for service.\n\nGeneral Chiu Hi-chen's Kwangsi troops are bearing in on Tang Chi-yao from the north. Tang Chi-yao's troops driven out of Kwangsi cannot fight any more for they all know that the end of Tang Chi-yao's rule is come. Volunteers in Ta Li-fu have been planning to overthrow Tang and welcome General Fan Shek-sang. In all probability, there will be little fighting in Yunnan and will be ended upon the entry of General Fan's forces.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-491 - Public Offices - 1925",
        "page_number": 447,
        "title": "CO129-491 - Public Offices - 1925",
        "content_text": "834.\n\nzaldutumeli a vowella gihat dan\n\n802330 amalt vel2 hans erodu\n\nJit beżycio of st stYtas? SINIĀLI\n\nFT.\n\n$1, Canton Bond,\n\nBelgin, April 25, 1926.\n\n434\n\nou à Credo nalát 20 stat -LET\n\nka amatini\n\nmožgű jetzt váź gé bobuloso desamony & nút 32 bosné La ogiai p ban (pisviduelle sonet odal zag at somezetag? að blanda quả vodi saavX et meigo 20 tágyám sát KÍ\n\nsi mulgo malbal Judz oombiyo te sošką žiadvognź MA\n\nol seanquing simultżyalil vet valť?-obal alal befreoni qulod m3 gmous Jurek son dolde paylat 1 o že mit Widać mela exen Laityandu za monimusę vacate staninag sɗt to azaga)\n\nto type ted? DEA\n\nml megla; do Let meû-Irenaŭ wild ya begaosąze wasłużynom náð\n\nالرضر لو الأمر\n\n感\n\n•\n\nwat ron, yf be tones Bone Inami ada mi aroaž nie daje\n\nQUA AJI 20 mimi nal210 mietet dit kw\n\nDAN ASTLEY CU\n\nCAROLINA, KETURIOS ada da Squad vis sad\n\nAnd nur daudzovao sancit, solgti muid ku 13mBOUGHT STREA\n\nPOLITIỤ Q... más ve zvoda pissiumi, ton at wliqa\n\n1\n\nا\n\ntur / £5 112 A. ༄」183་\n\nWidt\n\n_Cr\n\nall Squad sasso salt has sol T2 sihai sát of pihal 20 damento You_ac) sygd\n\nMr. Gal..\n\n57 0\n\nJİSİ UBN OLDE\n\nd36 to noylak tu. Lanameinduamet sát to mettel\n\nDear Sir,\n\nTour letter dated April az in hand and contents carefully noted.\n\nTo have often mquiries from Siam, Haimam, and China, similar af yours, but they nearly always fall to bring my resulta, sometimes beesuse the quantity desired is not sufficient big to interest na, sther times beonuse the enquiries same through a comeurn or a broker who has not the necessary basking facility to\n\nguarantee the smomation of the sestraat.\n\nYou stated in your leɛter that you know that we are very particular with business souneetion, yes, we are, beanzen we prefer to do our business with for\n\nselected must cove\n\nthoroughly know rether thɛn to deal with many and\n\nke a bigger TÅGA.\n\nI believe fully myself that we serve duz okstomers better this way, an not\n\nhering to dulculate with big loss, we are able to quote a better price and offer\n\na mozo officient service.\n\nBefore i write dem the infomation you naked for, I wish to point out tand\n\nI wrote the above with the intention to make it clear to you that unless your\n\nChinese friends have an absolute gan proposal and are able to conferm with\n\nthe indiostions stated below, it will be useless to write us again.\n\nOn the other hand, if you find no difficulty to conform with our desire,\n\nshall oerininly be meet pleseed to somni in you as a futura onstomer.\n\nOvezleaf, please find the information desired:\n\nThis is our base for saga tiation.\n\nAt your chaion, we are able to offer you ons of the three\n\nfollowing teman on a bag fo negotiations+\n\n(a) Josda f.e.b. Calonṣṭa, Bangoch, or Madras.\n\n(b) o.i.f, Penang, Part Svorkatham, Bångapore, or in\n\n(0) 0.ipf. Bingapore,\n\ner one port on the domst of Biam at our\n\noption, and no guarantee lyping from there to one port on the coast of\n\nother place the Chinese const betwem Tung-tao-kiang and\n\nTio of shipping my be arranged as follows: {n}s:ĉalautta shipping: last half of ontober, er First half of Horeb az. (b) If shippām. YOU ANdras or Jangoon, during last half of November, or\n\nduring first half of Deamber.\n\n1.\n\n3.\n\nALL LOVETIment. tazes and foos, tatom house duties or\n\nother payment in commestim with the\n\n(6) shipping (with the smoe;tion of the two mentione. under article b.) mforood at the time of shipping, to be taken out and paid by seller,\n\n(b) buying and Shipping Zummita: So he taken out by buyer or his Representative in his name and at his cost, but Seller to sid and guaruntes\n\nnyer receives his Permit.\n\n- If the proposed inyer accej ts the base for negotiation hereinstated, the amid quantity and close to be settled with our representativi",
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        "document_key": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 236,
        "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "tu : 235 OVERLAND China Mail. MON ESTABLISHED 1845. WEEKLY EDITION OF THE DAILY \"CHINA MAIL\" PRICE $13.00 (MEX.) PER ANNUM. PRICE $15.00 (MEX.) PER ANNUM. GREEN INCLUDING POSTAGE. HONGKONG, THURSDAY, JULY 22nd, 1926.\n\nSULPHUR CHAN WEST PT. BELCHERS BAY VICTORIA VICTORIA 182 | PEAK HOTEL SANDY & MT Goven TAL-HOWAN BAY WATER FALL 8. KELLET\n\nMAP OF HONGKONG MAIN ROADS PETE KOWLOON NORTH PAİNT HARBOUR QUARRY GAY Υλικά RESERVOIR MAGGZING GAP SANATORION SAST PT 1600 MT CAMERON 1436 MY NICHOLSAN 1900 ABERDEEN RESERTO BREDOLEN BAY ABERDEEN ISD. LAMMA ABERDEEN CHANNEL NGAI-TAV VIOL HILL MY BUTLER 1376 RESER DEEP WATER RESERVOIR GAY HOTEL REPULSE EAY ROUN WEST BAY STRELEY MOUNO 150 STANLEY CAY, ALDRICH BAY MY PARKER 1735 TAI-TAM BAY STANLEY STANLEY PENINSULAR 。 WON & MA\n\nPRICE 30 CENTS. LI-E MUN PASS (LI-E MUN BAY HOK-BU-WAN TWEED 150. TAI TAM HO No. 2998. CHUNG KHANG SAI WAN BAY RIDGE MA-TONG SROCKY TSLAND CAPE DAGUILAV",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 541,
        "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "(b) The provinces of Hunan, Hupeh, Kiang-su, and Chekiang are assigned to Chiang Kai-shek, the Cantonese generalissimo, now campaigning in Hunan. He is a native of Chekiang, but he will have to conquer his native province as well as Kiang-su from Marshal Sun Ch'uan-fang and Hupeh from Marshal Wu Pei-fu before he can occupy the region allotted to him.\n\n(c) The provinces of Honan, Shen-si, and Anhui are assigned to General Fan Chung-hsiu, to whom reference is made in the first paragraph of my secret despatch of the 21st August. He is now campaigning in Honan, but he would have to conquer that province as well as Shen-si from Marshal Wu and Anhui from Marshal Sun.\n\n(d) The present Canton Soviet is to rule Kuang-tung, Kuang-hsi, and Yunnan, but they would have to conquer Yunnan from General T'ang Chi-yao, and their present control over Kuang-hsi is merely nominal.\n\n(e) The provinces of Chih-li, Shantung, Kansu, Ssu-ch'uan, and part of Mongolia are assigned to General Lu Chung-lin, who is one of the generals of Marshal Feng and has recently been defeated in the fighting at Hank'ou pass.\n\nIt will be noticed that in the above partition four out of the Eighteen Provinces, viz. Fukien, Kuei-chou, Shensi, and Kiangsi have been omitted.\n\n4. It is alleged that Russia is prepared to assist in carrying out this policy not only with money and munitions of war but also with Soviet troops.\n\n5. The truth of this news should, I think, be tested.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 545,
        "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "ENCLOSURE No. 2.\n\nvei ilin vainquetas sidd zot kan julle.\n\nDom:Valans qısðl·lim [autos sit vals Judenoiding bas\n\n.aqoord Jaivoë msiauíl to tueurkosteb\n\nbairtạo li,doids „Josonerga aidt mit ning a'sieauf\n\nin to moitanyaal edt eď Liku,red tot yitsoo yïav eď film big ni aluvouriavog se‡‡ km:00 Jadrumsmoć. 20 madawa yażzboltatni Julqouq orsakıð sáð yaom fwv abusgaqorq da brad sent a beta\n\n(Extract from the Wa Tsz Yat Po, Hongkong, 18th August, 1926)\n\nFears from foreigners re alliance made by Fung Yuk Taeng and Tseung Kai Shek with Russia.\n\n(Telegram from Shanghai dated 17th.) Information has been received from a foreign source that Russia has made a secret treaty with Fung Yuk Taeng, Tseung Kai-shek, Luk Chung Lun and Fan Chung Bau. Fung will be the Executive of the Communist National Government in charge of North Manchuria, Fang Tien, Kirin, Hak Lung Kiang and Jehol. Russia will send an expedition to help Fung to expel Cheung Tao Lam. Tseung will be Executive of the National Government in charge of the 8 Districts in Hu-nan, Kwong Tung, Kiang-su and Chi-kiang; Fan in charge of the 6 Districts in Ho-nan, Shen-si and An-hui; and Luk in charge of the 8 Districts in Chili, Shantung, Chet Ha Yi, Sui Yuen, Kan-su and Sin-kiang. Russia will help them with arms to expel Tu Pei-fu. The treaty has been signed by Fung in Russia as Chief Representative. Tsui Hin has been sent to take the letters of appointment back to Canton. Fung is making preparation to go back to Ping Ti Tsun to make all the arrangements,",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10]",
        "page_number": 412,
        "title": "CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10]",
        "content_text": "# Outline of Cantonese history from September, 1911, to date.\n\nIn the sanguinary sea of chaos and anarchy which constitutes the history of China since the downfall of the Manchu dynasty, no province has suffered more severely than Kuang-tung. An omen of future troubles was seen at Canton, when on the 19th September, 1911, Kuang-tung declared itself independent and His Excellency Cheung Meng-k'o, Viceroy of the Liang Kuang provinces, fled hastily to Hong Kong. Four robber-chieftains, Wong Wo-shun, Luk Lan-ts'eng, Shek Kam-ts'un and Li Fuk-lam, at once seized Canton and held its 72 guilds to ransom. Every vestige of law and order disappeared in the province, and every town and hamlet armed itself for private defence against pirates and brigands.\n\nAfter a short reign of terror the robber-chiefs withdrew and Tseung Tsin-kwai, a native of Che-kiang, was \"elected\" provisionally to be Tu-tuk, the new title for Governor, of Kuang-tung. In this office he was succeeded a few days later by Lu Hon-man, a native of Kuang-tung, who as a student in Japan had met Dr. Sun Yat-sen, of whom he became a warm admirer. He had in his earlier career been editor of a vernacular newspaper at Hong Kong, but he had never before filled any official post. The lieutenant-Governor under him was Ch'an Chiens-meng, also a native of Kuang-tung. Both these men now stepped into the lime-light for the first time and they were destined to have a considerable influence on the course of events at Canton during the following years. On this occasion, however, Lu Hon-man had but a brief spell of office at Canton: for in November, 1911, Dr. Sun Yat-sen...\n\nPage 393",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-496 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "page_number": 504,
        "title": "CO129-496 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "content_text": "must be paid into this land, opium sales and smoking dens Office, and purchase stamps for exportation. Punishment for all infringements, etc.\n\nEstimated opium fields in this district:\n\n  \n    Chin Kuei Li\n    6,591 mou\n  \n  \n    Hsiang Tien Li\n    6,392 mou\n  \n  \n    Lien Kiang Li\n    1,905 mou\n  \n  \n    Shan Hua Li\n    1,588 mou\n  \n  \n    Hsiao Li\n    1,588 mou\n  \n  \n    Yung Hsing Li\n    1,350 mou\n  \n  \n    An Hsien Li\n    1,191 mou\n  \n  \n    Jen Teh Li\n    1,191 mou\n  \n  \n    Shan Li\n    635 mou\n  \n  \n    Hsing Tai Li\n    23,762 mou\n  \n  \n    ...\n    1,187 mou\n  \n  \n    ...\n    143 mou\n  \n\n(6 Chinese mou = one English acre.)\n\nNurth West Fukien.\n\n\"Bandits and soldiers prevent us moving about as we would wish, but I think it is true to say that in Kuang Tseh, Tai Ning, Kien Ning, Shuin Chang, Eo Ning and Shao Wu districts no poppy is being cultivated.\n\n\"Opium use is on the increase, a considerable quantity is smuggled in all through these districts, mostly from the Kiangsi province and by the Min River traffic.\n\nHing Hwa Poppy is now being grown everywhere both in Hinghwa and Sienyo counties. In two districts of the latter county the common saying is \"the people must now eat opium instead of grain\" as from 70 - 90% of the fields are planted with the poppy. I have seen square miles of white flowers and the atmosphere is heavy with the scent. In these regions poppy supplants wheat. Smoking is on the increase.\n\nFoochie, Nantui. An \"Opium Industry Company\" was formed in the provincial Capital in Feb. 1926 with branches throughout the province. Its object is to buy up opium and sell to all and any. The syndicate commenced with the modest capital of $200,000 in $500 shares. Any shareholder with more than five shares may be elected as a director. Directors to be paid as well as receiving dividends. This syndicate is a great blow to small opium dealers for the former is cornering the supply and at the same time adding $2 an ounce to the selling price. It is estimated that about $100,000 is thus raised monthly. All must buy and sell through the syndicate; smugglers when caught will be tried and punished as criminals.\n\nChang Pu. Judging from my own observation I should say that there is more opium planted this year, than either last year or the year before.\n\n'The official sum to be collected this year in this vien is $620,000, the same as last year, but including the squeeze of the tax gatherers. It is estimated that about $1,000,000 will be taken from the people. Coercive measures are used to collect the taxes. The number of people who have abandoned their homes and fled from the district at the approach of the tax collectors, indicates their inability to pay. Amount of tax varies with different villages and individuals, it may be $3 or $4 a family or as much as $80 per working man. The influential and wealthy pay less, the poor and defenceless pay more.\n\nFu Wung. Between 50% and 80% of the cultivated ground is bearing poppy. The drought has spoiled the crop, so this year though more has been planted, less opium will be obtained.\n\nHONAN\n\n1925 shows only slight variations from preceding year. Owing to war and banditry probably less opium has been grown, though the increase in its use indicates increased traffic from neighbouring provinces. The morphia pill habit shows no sign of decrease. The year has not produced any restrictive legislation, land taxes have increased and the farmers would eagerly plant more poppy, were it not for bandits who persistently raid all opium areas.\n\nHonan has been subject to wars of various kinds all through the year. Officials constantly changing, hence the desire to make all they can while in office. Under the stringency of funds to meet military expenses the Opium Suppression Bureau came into existence again this year under Chief Director Yang. Branches were established throughout the province. In the streets of Kaifeng, the Capital, were posted numerous placards announcing, \"South of the Ta Yu Tai is the opium shop with pure Shensi opium; any one who comes will get it\".\n\nEvery hotel, inn and brothel is sanctioned to provide opium on payment of a licence, the cost of which varies according to 1st, 2nd or 3rd class.\n\nRecently the Bureau issued instructions that all opium fines and taxes should be transferred to the capital once a month.\n\nAny dealer may obtain the monopoly rights for his locality on payment of from $1,000 to $5,000 for a period of three months.\n\nNarcotic drugs are rampant in the 7 districts like Changteh north of the Yellow River,\n\nSouth Honan.\n\nNanyang. Opium is enormous in Nanyang, it is imported from Szechuan. Formerly Szechuan opium was smuggled into Honan, now it is imported in bulk usually in quantities of 200-300 piculs, each weighing 1,000 ounces.\n\nImported opium is taxed 20 cents an ounce.\n\nThe Defence Commissioner has monopolised opium in eight counties and receives a revenue of $500,000.\n\nKishan, No poppy grown in this hien. The question of opium cultivation was put to the officials of South Honan last winter, some acquiesced and provided seed. Others refused,\n\nTangho, Wu Yang, Fang Chang, Uyang Hsien, Sheki Chen. As far as we can ascertain, no poppy is grown in these districts. Opium smoked freely and lamps going all day in practically every barracks.\n\nOpium taxation offices in all cities; the men in charge are appointed by the military. The local Governor (now out of office) tried to impose a tax of $8 per mou on opium land. Proclamations were issued prohibiting the sowing of poppy, but seed came along in abundance, and everyone was told that they must sow 4% of their land,\n\n500",
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        "document_key": "CO129-500-1 Canton situation- governor's despatches 18-5-1927 - 9-6-1927",
        "page_number": 27,
        "title": "CO129-500-1 Canton situation- governor's despatches 18-5-1927 - 9-6-1927",
        "content_text": "# The CANTON GAZETTE \n## 廣州日報 \nRegistered at the Post Office as a Newspaper \n\n**Vol. V No. 955 CANTON, CHINA, MONDAY, MAY 23, 1927** \n民國十六年五月二十三日星期一\n\n## NANKING, A TURNING POINT IN FAR EASTERN AND WORLD AFFAIRS!! \nNANKING EVENTS MARK THE PASSING OF EUROPEAN INFLUENCE, PARTICULARLY THE BRITISH INFLUENCE IN CHINA. SAYS AMERICAN EDITOR. BRITISH ACTIONS SEVERLY CRITICIZED.\n\nBy J.B. POWELL\n\nMr. Powell, editor and publisher of the **CHINA WEEKLY REVIEW**, has been extremely sympathetic with the Nationalist Movement. The influence predominant in Asia today, it naturally can be only a matter of time until America and Russia will come to an understanding.\n\n## The Editor.\n\n### General Feng Yu-hsiang's Troops Arrive In Honan\nTungkwan is Temporary Headquarters of 20,000 Nationalist Troops\nNationalists About to Surround Pengfu\nChief Chiang Returns To Nanking\n\n**Single Copy: 10 Cents** \n**$2.00 A Month** \n**$24.00 A Year**\n\n## WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE SENDS GREETINGS TO CHINA'S FEMINIST ORGANIZATIONS\nFrom Shanghai \nCLAIMS TO STAND FOR FREEDOM AND PEACE; TO SUPPORT CHINA'S MOVEMENT TO RID THE COUNTRY OF MILITARISM AND IMPERIALISM; ADVOCATES ABROGATION OF UNILATERAL TREATIES AND BETTER CONDITIONS FOR THE WORKERS\n\nChiang Kai-shek, Commander-in-Chief of All the Nationalist Armies, has returned to Nanking from Shanghai at 7 a.m. on the morning of April 25th, 1927. He was welcomed by Messrs. Chang Ching Kiang, Li Shek-tsun, Yang Shu-chang, and Chen Ying-sze.\n\nHankow, May 19.—According to a Japanese source, General Feng Yu-hsiang's troops have arrived in Honan and number some 20,000. Their temporary headquarters are at Tungkwan.\n\nThe tension in Hankow is growing more serious. The anti-British feeling in China is severe. Further, it believes that, in view of the strength of the Nationalist Movement, this country should take some definite steps to show goodwill.\n\nThe Women's International League for Peace and Freedom sends Greetings to the Federation of Feminist Organisations in China.\n\n\"Recognising that China is passing through a national struggle in which the Canton Government, is the rallying force for a democratic Government, and when the regular application of strictly legal claims is impracticable, the Women's International League urges that the British Government should:\n| Action | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| A. | Not intervene on any side of the national conflict with cash, credit or munitions, nor sanction such intervention by any of its nationals; |\n| B. | Withdraw all ships of war from the Yangtze and other Chinese territorial waters, removing if necessary for their safety, any British nationals who may desire this; |\n| C. | Let it be known that it is willing to enter into treaties with the Chinese on a footing of equality, abandoning extra-territorial rights and control of Chinese taxation. |\n\nNanking, May 20.—The first of the Nationalist Army Corps, after taking Chuchow, are now advancing Northwards and are about to surround Pengpu.\n\nThe British Section taken from the **REVIEW** for May 14, 1927, shows his great interest in the solutions of the problems of construction now pressing for solution in this quarter of the world.\n\nThe dispatch says: \"We have been informed by your Secretariat Department, that you have decided to put the Telephone Bureau under the control of the Municipal Government. We cordially invite your co-operation with us in the endeavour to spread the truth, to resist the war spirit and to make men realise that the only way to protect women is for men to cease from fighting each other and firmly resolve to settle matters by reason and goodwill.\"\n\n(Signed) H.M. SWANWICK, on behalf of the Executive Committee.\n\n## The New Municipal Government\nSince Mr. Lum Wen-kai assumed the mayorship of this city, certain changes have been made in the Municipal Government: Yiao Sze-yee has been appointed Chief of the General Affairs Section, Chau Hok-tong, the Chief Secretary, and Ng Chek-ying, Accountant. Mr. Lau Wei-shik's resignation from his position as Commissioner of the Bureau of Finance has been accepted, but his successor has not been decided upon.\n\n## AN APOLOGY AND CORRECTION\nFor the past day or so, our editors in charge have inadvertently inserted the words \"Northern and Southern\" in these columns in connection with the Revolutionary War. Such words are entirely misleading, and the Management of the **Gazette** has to apologize to its readers for such a mistake. However, those who are responsible for them have been summarily dismissed from office. The Management wishes it be peremptorily and explicitly understood that the war in China is NOT between the North and the South, but between the progressive Nationalists and the reactionary militarists. Any one who is a loyal adherent of the Kuomintang and a faithful follower of the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen is a progressive Nationalist, irrespective of locality.\n\nThe Management.\n\n## To Prohibit Gambling, Is Kuomintang Order\nIt expresses the hope that Great Britain will pursue the policy of restoring to the Chinese complete control of their own finances, whatever may be done by any other power.\n\nA notification has been despatched by the Provincial Kuomintang to the Party authorities of various districts to enforce effectively measures for the prohibition of gambling.\n\nThe notification says: \"A prohibition order has been issued by the Ministry of Finance to forbid gambling. Should unscrupulous gentries of any district be found guilty of protecting the gamblers and encouraging gambling business, the district Kuomintang authorities are authorized to arrest the gamblers and ring leaders, destroy the gambling dens and punish the gentries in accordance with military law.\"\n\n## To Conduct Kiangyin Bombardment In Shanghai\nShanghai, May 20.—In view of the bombardment by a British cruiser at Kiangyin, on the southern bank of the Yangtsze in Kiangsu, causing damage to the Chinese population, the Foreign Minister of the Nationalist Government, Dr. C. C. Wu, has ordered the Foreign Commissioner of Kiangsu to take up the matter with the British Consul-General at Shanghai.\n\n## Commissioner Of Municipal Bureau To Resign\nCommissioner Lau Wei-shik of the Municipal Bureau of Finance has recently sent in his resignation to the Municipal Government on account of ill health. Mr. Lau is known to have done good work during his half year of service. He has been generally appraised for effecting the installation of the automatic telephones in this city and for making good efforts to organize the municipal bank which will be soon inaugurated.\n\n## (Continued on Page 2)\n\n## NANKING, A TURNING POINT IN FAR EASTERN AND WORLD AFFAIRS!! \n(Continued from Page 1)\nThe Underlying reasons for these great and historic developments naturally predate the Nanking incidents of March 24 last: they really back to the front defense lines which the World War which left victors and vanquished so weakened and so beset with deep-seated war animosities, that the so-called European accord in respect to dealings with the 'backward' nations of the Orient, could no longer be invoked.\n\nDuring the course of the Britain and World War, Great Britain, in combination with Japan, forced Germany out of China. After the war, Great Britain, with the assistance of France, Italy, and the United States, forced Russia out of Europe and into Asia.\n\nThe influence predominant in Asia today, it naturally can be only a matter of time until America and Russia will come to an understanding. The growing influence of America, Russia, Japan, and China, the nations, which due to geographical location, territorial extent, economic and human resources, are by right justly entitled to dominate the North Pacific area.\n\nThe Canton-Kowloon Railway to Resume Express Train Service\nThough through traffic has been resumed by the Canton-Kowloon Railway, the resumption of express train service has so far been delayed, owing to the lack of locomotives and Freight cars. It is learned from the Managing Office that the express train service will be able to start on or about the first of June.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-500-1 Canton situation- governor's despatches 18-5-1927 - 9-6-1927",
        "page_number": 29,
        "title": "CO129-500-1 Canton situation- governor's despatches 18-5-1927 - 9-6-1927",
        "content_text": "## Declaration Of The Sun Yat-sen Univ.\n\nAuditing And Regulation Committee For The C. M. S. N. Co.\n\nThe China Merchants Steam Navigation Company to be Maintained, Assisted and Protected. To Devise Plans and Means to put the Company on a sound and Efficient Basis. Committee-men to Receive no salary from the Company-to Show close Cooperation between Gov't, and People.\n\nTo Urge Mr. Tai Chi-tau To Return:\n\nTHE CANTON GAZETTE, MONDAY, MAY 23, 1927\n\n\"CHING TANG\"---PURGE THE PARTY--- MOVEMENT: SLOGANS FOR THE PEOPLE ARE ISSUED BY PROPAGANDA DEPT.\n\nThe rumour that Mr. Chau Lu will be appointed by the Central Executive Committee of the Kwangtung Provincial Special Kuomintang, as the president of Sun Yat-sen University, created a sensation in educational circles here. The students and the staff of the University declared that Communist Chau Lu is not qualified to take up the position and therefore he is not welcome.\n\nYesterday a telegram was sent out by the University students to Nanking to urge Mr. Tai to return to Canton promptly and resume his post as the head of the University. Then in addition to this, a representative, Mr. Sun Shib, secretary of the University, has been sent to confer with Mr. Tai at Nanking with regard to the matter.\n\nThe China Merchants Steam Navigation Company. Messrs. Chang Jen-chieh, Kuo Tai-chi and seven others have been appointed by the Nationalist Government to form a committee for the auditing and regulating of the said Company.\n\nThe committee was formally inaugurated yesterday and a meeting held for discussion. The following is a declaration issued by the committee to the various public organisations of Canton yesterday :-\n\nUnder joint instructions of the Central Political Council and the Nationalist Government, this Committee is formed in order to examine and regulate the affairs of the said Company. We, the members of the Committee shall respectfully observe the doctrines of our late Director, Dr Sun, in that a government of the people, by the people and for the people must be honest. We shall study the causes of the deficiency of the Company, devise plans for the extension of its enterprise, and work for interests of the shareholders as well for that of the community through co-operation of the Government with the people. The capital and property of the Company shall be strongly protected, its business duly maintained and the opinions of the shareholders and the general public fully respected.\n\nWe shall not receive any salary or any other remunerations. As to office expenses, same will be paid by the Government so as to show the spirit of the Government to serve the people. With regard to the actions of the Committee, we are desirous to be put under the supervision of the shareholders and the community. Should any of us be found and proved corrupt, intolerable by both people and national laws, we shall be willing to have him tried by the people and punished accordingly. It is our earnest hope, therefore, that the shareholders and the whole nation will rise and give us all the necessary support.\n\nThe China Merchants Steam Navigation Company of Shanghai alone is the largest navigation company in China. It was formed even prior to the Nippon Yusen Kaisha. Fifty years have now elapsed since its formation and the Company has made little or no progress, its routes are still confined to the Yangtse Kiang and the South Coasts, while the power of navigation of the Nippon Yusen Kaisha are at present prying between all ports of the world. Furthermore, the property of the Company has all been mortgaged. The capital of the shareholders is being gradually reduced. Should such conditions continue indefinitely, it is feared that the power of navigation would fall entirely into the hands of foreigners and the shares of the Company rendered mere scraps of paper. This would not only be a loss to the shareholders but also a great detriment to the welfare of the Chinese nation.\n\nThe Following Slogans, Prepared by the Propaganda Committee of the Kwangtung Provincial Special Kuomintang, are an Embodiment of the Aims and Spirit of the Nationalist Movement.\n\n1. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which is treacherous to Dr. Sun Yat-sen.\n2. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which massacres the Kuomintang members.\n3. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which gives up the Special District of Hankow.\n4. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which is destroying the People's Revolution.\n5. Down with the Chinese communists who are in disguise.\n6. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which is utilizing the masses of people as tools.\n7. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which is plotting the downfall and destruction of the Kuomintang.\n8. To be against the Three People's Principles is to be Counter-Revolutionary.\n9. To be against the Kuomintang is to be Counter-Revolutionary.\n10. All power and authority belong to the Kuomintang.\n11. All true and loyal comrades of the Kuomintang must unite and rise.\n12. Down with all Counter-revolutionaries.\n13. Down with united official covetous attendants, Yangtse Kiang and the Noh...\n14. Concentrate the powers of the Kuomintang.\n15. Down with the Fenglien ie., federalism or nationalism, the remnants of Chen Chiung-ming's followers and any other similar clique of Militarists.\n16. Down with Imperialism.\n17. Eradicate all corrupt officials, greedy gentries, and unscrupulous merchants.\n18. Be on guard against those who lean toward the Right Wing.\n19. To call a Strike against the Counter-Revolutionary.\n20. Those who refuse to come under the direction and guidance of the Kuomintang are no Revolutionaries.\n21. The masses of the people must rise and clean Fei-teh, must rise up the Counter-revolutionary Chinese Communist Party.\n22. The masses of the people must rise and support the Chinese Kuomintang.\n23. Support the Central Government at Nanking.\n24. Support Nationalist Forces.\n25. Down with the bogus governments at Wuhan and at Peking.\n26. Down with the most devilish Chinese Communist party.\n27. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which com... against the San... (Three People's Principles.)\n28. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which gives up...\n29. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which is destroying the People's Revolution.\n30. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which utilizes the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company.\n31. To clear out all the Chinese communists who are in ambush.\n32. To clear out all the Chinese Communist Party.\n33. The true revolutionary soldiers must rise up and overthrow the Chinese communist party.\n34. Down with those bad characters who take vengeance under the pretext of \"Ching Tang\" work.\n35. Down with those dishonest Kuomintang members who tolerate the communist elements.\n36. Execute Hsu Chien, Teng Yen-ta and others who betray the party and the country and frustrate the Northern Punitive Expedition.\n37. Execute the unworthy and covetous Sun Fo who betrays the Party and the country.\n38. Execute Borodin who curses and disturbs China and the Kuomintang.\n39. To clean up all the corrupt officials and political opportunists.\n40. To clean up all the scal Sharks and unscrupulous gentries.\n41. To deal severely with those who study the \"Cheng-hsueh\" doctrine, made jointly and give us all the necessary effort, we can restore the navigating foundation of our country.\n42. To dismiss Wang Ching-wei who betrays the party, endangers the country and is ungrateful to the masses of the people.\n43. The Three People's Principles are the principles for national salvation.\n44. To realize all the party principles of the Kuomintang.\n45. It only is the Kuomintang which can realize the welfare of the peasants and labourers.\n46. To reclaim all concessions, leased and ceded territories.\n47. To emancipate the Tibetans from the oppression of the imperialists and the Mogolians from that of the communists.\n48. To unite all the revolutionary advancing and oppressed People and make joint efforts to overthrow imperialism.\n49. Long live the Success of the National Revolution.\n50. Long live the Kuomintang of China.\n\n(Sd) Chang Jen-chieh Kuo Tai-chi, Soong Han-chiang, Pun Chi-tse, Yang Chuen, Yang Sui-luh, Li Koo-feu, Yu Ho-teh, Cheu Members of Committee.\n\n## Advertisements\n\n**AH FONG STUDIO**\n\nGIVE US A TRIAL SATISFACTION GUARANTEED\n\nWe beg to announce to the public that we have lately added to our studio many modern inventions whereby photos taken by us compare favourably with photos by well-known photographers abroad.\n\nWe have engaged experts to look after our developing, printing and enlarging departments.\n\nWe have always on hand views of Canton as well as postcards, etc. Eastman & Agfa films a speciality. Proofs will be shown at our studio if required.\n\nJust taken a NEW PANORAMA OF CANTON CITY; for sale $1.00\n\nTelephone No. 531 W.\n\n**CANTON WIRELESS STATION, MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS**\n\nSEND YOUR MESSAGES BY WIRELESS\n\nCheaper and Faster Service\n\nAddress: No. 1 SAI HAU STREET\n\nMessages, official or private, are despatched immediately, day and night.\n\nApply to Office at 50 (old number) Second Bund (Yee-Maloo) Nankwan.\n\n**THE PETER MUSIC CO.**\n\nMusics and Musical Instruments. Sole Distributors.\n\n\"Morrison\" Pianos and Winner Records\n\nTuning and Repairing Pianos\n\nBuying and selling old Pianos\n\n33, Mui Chin Street, West, Tungshan, Canton.\n\n**Pearl Theatre**\n\n(Opposite DUTCH FOLLY, THE BUND)\n\nPROGRAMME FOR Thurs. to Sat., May 19th to 21st. At 2.30, 7.00, and 9.15 p.m.\n\n* BUSTER KEATON in \"SEVEN CHANCES\"\n* OUR GANG in \"THE COBBLER\"\n\nNext Change! Commencing Sun. May 22nd.\n\n* Wesley Barry, Mary Carr, and Pat O'Malley in \"THE FIGHTING CUB\"\n* CHARLIE CHAPLIN in \"THE GOLD RUSH\"\n\n**NATIONAL THEATRE**\n\n(North Wing Hon Road)\n\nPROGRAMME FOR Fri to Mon. May 20th to 23rd. At 12.30, 2.30, 7.00 and 9.00 P.M.\n\n* \"THE LIVING BUDDHA Part II\" A Chinese Picture\n\nNext Change COMMENCING TUES. MAY 24TH\n\n* BETTY COMPSON and BEATRICE JOY in \"LADIES MUST LIVE\" A Paramount Picture\n* Coming Attraction RUDOLPH VALENTINO in \"BLOOD AND SAND\"\n\n**The Globe & Rutgers Fire Insurance Co. OF NEW YORK**\n\nAll classes of Insurance transacted\n\nGENERAL AGENTS\n\nAmerican Asiatic Underwriters, (South China) Fed. Inc. U.S.A., Missions Building The Bund\n\n**SAI HING NAVIGATION Co. LTD.**\n\nThe S.S. \"Sainam\" will leave Canton for Wuchow every Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 8 a.m.\n\nFor further particular please apply to: SHA KEE",
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        "id": 507322,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-500-1 Canton situation- governor's despatches 18-5-1927 - 9-6-1927",
        "page_number": 53,
        "title": "CO129-500-1 Canton situation- governor's despatches 18-5-1927 - 9-6-1927",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure No. 8\n\n**Translation**\n\nNo.430/27. 53\n\n(Extract from Kwok Man San Man, Canton. 11th May 1927)\n\nConference in Celebration of the Inauguration of the Won Tung Special District Kuomintang Department under the Special Kuomintang Department of the Generalissimo's Headquarters.\n\n(6) The Executive Committee and the members of the Inspectorate pledged their allegiance and took up their posts. Chu Ka Wa then made a political report, saying:\n\n\"Since the Central Kuomintang Department and National Government have been seized by the Communists on their removal to Wuhan, serious political changes have taken place, and our troops have therefore been held up on reaching the Chang Kiang. Therefore, our loyal and faithful members of the Kuomintang have been compelled to effect a Party Purification Movement. Now the Nanking Government has been established, a new Government Council has been elected, and due notifications have been issued on various matters. The Provincial Governments of Chekiang and Kiangsu have also been reorganised. Of late, changes have taken place in Wuhan too, and Party Purification Movements have been promoted by many of our comrades. Similar movements have been made in Nanchang. We are now unified and shall be able to accomplish our Northern Expeditions.\"\n\n(7) Next Li Chai Sham, Chief of Staff, reported on the military situation and said,\n\n\"As we know, our Northern Expedition, at the speed with which it was developing, would have reached Peking long ago, had not trouble been caused by the Communists. In reporting on the military position, I have to express deep regret on this account. Let me relate to you the intrigues of the Communists. They are very serious and most...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-500-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 30-6-1927 - 8-11-1927",
        "page_number": 85,
        "title": "CO129-500-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 30-6-1927 - 8-11-1927",
        "content_text": "# THE WAR\n\n## Feng Yu-hsiang at Hsuchowfu\n\n### TROOP MOVEMENTS\n\nNanking, July 26.\n\nAccording to latest reports, the Northerners have been driven from Hsuchow by General Feng Yu-hsiang.-Naval Wireless.\n\n### TROOP MOVEMENTS\n\n#### The Concession at Chinkiang Occupied\n\n##### NORTHERN ADVANCE\n\nChinkiang, July 26. According to reports received here, the Northern troops have pushed on as far as Tsing Kiang Pu, and with the exception of the Commissioner's house, troops have taken up their quarters in Customs' property.\n\nGeneral Ho Ying-ching, en route from Nanking to Shanghai, has passed through, and a report has been received to the effect that General Wang Peh-sing will reach here to-day.\n\nMen of the 58th regiment, controlled directly by General Ho Ying-ching, are in occupation of the concession, and the ninth transport has now arrived in harbour.\n\nLater.\n\nThere is a big concentration of troops here, who have occupied all buildings at both the concession and the Consulate. Efforts are being made to communicate with the responsible authorities.-Naval Wireless.\n\nShanghai, July 27.\n\nGeneral Feng Yu-hsiang has telegraphed to Nanking that two brigades of his army are marching on Hsuchow to help the Nanking Army in the war with Shantung. An important delegation from Feng Yu-hsiang arrived at Nanking yesterday to confer on the military party on the Shantung military campaign.-Wah Kiu Yat Po.\n\n## CANTON'S WAR\n\n### Chiang Kai-shek Appoints Eight Field Marshals\n\n#### YUNNANESE FOR KIANGSI\n\nCanton, July 27. General Fan Shek-sang, who was recently sent up to the North River with part of his Yunnanese army, returned to Canton yesterday afternoon to report to General Li Chai-sum the completion of the North River defence.\n\nGeneral Sze-cheng-hsum (commands Chuen in Chungking vicinity) is Field Marshal of the Sixth Force, General Chau Shi-cheng, (commands the armies in Kwaichow province, who now threatens to attack Hunan from the west) commands the Seventh force, and General Li Chai-sum, who commands the Liangkwang armies, is therefore the Field Marshal of the Eighth Force.\n\nIt is understood, however, that the precedence of these Field-Marshals is not arranged according to strength or reputation but by territories.-A Correspondent.\n\n### YUNNAN FIGHTING\n\n#### Control\n\nGeneral Fan's troops, who recently arrived from Kwangsi and have been sent up to the North river to join the anti-Red expedition, are now being concentrated in Shiukwan and vicinity.\n\nAccording to military circles, General Hu is not yet in full control; instead of sending them into Hunan as was planned, General Fan's army will be assigned to the Kiangsi expedition. The reason for this is that most of the \"Reds\" in Kiangsi are Yunnanese troops under General Chu Pei-teh and may be won over.\n\n#### Field Marshals\n\nThe anti-Red expedition against Hunan and Kiangsi is taking form, as General Li Chai-sum, the South China military leader, has been appointed by Nanking as Field-marshal of the Eighth Nationalist Expeditionary force, and is entrusted with the task of attacking the Reds from the South.\n\nRecently Marshal Chiang Kai-shek, to facilitate the direction of the Nationalist expeditionary forces in different parts of the country, appointed eight Field Marshals.\n\nGeneral Ho Ying-ching is Field Marshal of the First Expeditionary Force, Marshal Chiang Kai-shek (with Pei Chung-hsi acting) commands the Second Force, General Li Chung-yan (who commands the Nationalist Kwangsi contingent) is Field Marshal of the Third Force, General Feng Yu-hsiang commands the Fourth, General Lui Hsiang (who commands a large Szechuenese army in Chengtu) is Field-marshal of the Fifth Force, General Lui...\n\n## MARCH ON THE CAPITAL\n\nParis, July 26.\n\nA message from Yunnanfu states that General Hu Jo-yu is continuing his march on Yunnanfu.\n\nThe rival forces have given an assurance to the French Consul that there will not be any fighting in the city. All steps necessary have been taken to assure the safety of the French residents and Annamite coolies-Reuter.",
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        "id": 507738,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-500-4 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-9-1927 - 24-11-1927",
        "page_number": 72,
        "title": "CO129-500-4 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-9-1927 - 24-11-1927",
        "content_text": "- 6 - \n\n72 \n\n2015 \n\nin D \n\n1926 \n\navailable \n\nat percent \n\nvernacular paper \"**Kung Sheung Yat Po**\", a history of which \nis given in paragraph 59 of Dr. Kotewall's memorandum on \nthe \"Strike\" of that year, forwarded in Sir R.E. Stubbs's \n**confidential** despatch of 30th October and now published in \nColonial Office White Paper, Eastern No. 144. This \nevidence of the growing influence of the **Kung Sheung Yat Po** is borne out by the reports of its editorial staff who state that there has recently been a very marked improvement \nin its circulation.\n\n9. \n\nAlthough General Li's position in Canton itself has been greatly strengthened, there is still considerable ground for anxiety both over the Kiung Chow and East River districts. In the latter particularly there appears to have been, if not to be, a distinct \ndanger of a peasants' rising coupled with the advance through Fukien towards Swatow of the \"communist\" armies under Generals Ip Ting and Ho Lung (see my despatch of 1st September already referred to). At one time it was rumoured that Swatow had actually fallen into the hands of these forces, but the report seems to have been premature and to have arisen from the recall (presumably to the Yangtsze front) of certain \"northern\" (i.e. perhaps Chêkiang) troops who had been forming the garrison of the place. It does seem, however, to be true that the forces of Generals Ip and Ho have seized a number of small places between Swatow and Waichow and it may be significant that it was in this area (Hoi Fung and Luk Fung) that the first experiment in practical and confiscatory communism was \ncarried",
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    {
        "id": 507769,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-500-4 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-9-1927 - 24-11-1927",
        "page_number": 103,
        "title": "CO129-500-4 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-9-1927 - 24-11-1927",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure No. 2.\n\n101\n\nMong Shiu Hung() is native of Chong Ngai (Tai Ping District), Kwong Si. Graduate in Military Academy, Poa-ting in Shih-li Province. Before 1922 he was Company Commander under Ma Hiu Kwan(), one of the Generals under Luk Wing Ting(), the then Military Governor of Kwong Si. He betrayed Luk Wing Ting and surrendered to Chan Kwing Hing() on the Cantonese expedition against the Province, and when Sun Man was on his campaign against Hu-nan, he gradually came into power. Later he united with Li Chung Yan() and conquered General Lan Chun Ting() and General Sham Hung Ying() who were then very powerful. Since then he and Li Chung Yan have been the supreme rulers of Kwong Si. In 1925 they joined the Nationalist Government at Canton, and when Li Chung Yan was sent on the Northern Expedition, he was left to be responsible for the Kwong Si Government.\n\nLong Ki Cheung(). Native of Kong Tung (Lui Yuen District?). Before 1923 he was a junior military officer under Sham Hung Ying. He was taken prisoner by General Ngai Pong Ping() on the Cantonese Campaign against Kwong Si, but was later released. About 1925 or 1926 he became a junior Military Officer under Cheung Fat Kwei() who was then General of the 12th Division under Li Tsai Sham. In 1926 he followed Cheung Fat Kwei on the Northern Expedition, and by gradual promotion he became a Divisional General. About 2 months before the return of Cheung Fat Kwei's Army (the 2nd Route Army) to Canton (October 1927) he was appointed Acting Director of it, when Cheung Fat Kwei was absent from Kiang-si. In November this year he became General of the 4th Army. \n\nCheung",
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    {
        "id": 508299,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-5 Chinese situation- Recognition of Canton Government 22-7-1927 - 28-9-1927",
        "page_number": 28,
        "title": "CO129-501-5 Chinese situation- Recognition of Canton Government 22-7-1927 - 28-9-1927",
        "content_text": "## 7.\n\n28 \n\nwould be able to inaugurate a government controlled by the Fukien Navy and supported by General Lu, under the aegis of the Nanking clique of the Kuo-min-tang, was frustrated. Admiral Yang has been unable to come to terms with General Tang and there is at the moment no effective administration in Fukien.\n\n## x. \nThe provinces of Chêkiang, Kiangsu and Anhui are at present ruled by the Nanking clique of the Kuo-min-tang with Marshal Chiang Kai-shek, a native of Chêkiang as War Lord. This administration professes itself to be anti-red, but it made its way to power with Bolshevik help and advice. It has a purely nominal control over Fukien, Kuang-tung and Kuang-hsi. It is on the verge of hostilities with the Hankow clique, and until recently it was at war with the northern militarists and was invading the Shantung province. At the moment, however, there appears to be a truce between the northerners and Marshal Chiang.\n\n## xi. \nThe province of Shantung has for some years past been dominated by General Chang Tsung-chang, a ferocious and brutal tu-chun, who acknowledges Marshal Chang Tso-lin of Mukden as his overlord. No one supposes that General Chang has any policy other than the lust of personal power and gain, the maintenance of his supremacy in Shantung and its extension, if possible.\n\n## xii. \nThere remains the province of Chih-li, once the metropolitan province of China, but now differing from other provinces chiefly in that the foreign...",
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    {
        "id": 508511,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-501-8 General policy in China 30-11-1926 - 30-11-1926",
        "page_number": 105,
        "title": "CO129-501-8 General policy in China 30-11-1926 - 30-11-1926",
        "content_text": "# Prominent Chinese Politicians from Canton\nThe following is a list of prominent Chinese politicians from Canton who have resided during the past 12 years, when their particular party has been turned out of power in Canton.\n\n| Gov.-General. | Name | Official Title | Date of Office | Period resident in H.K. | Remarks |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 韶光 | 1. Gen: Ling Chai Kwong |  | 1913-1916 | About 1 yr. 1916-1917. | Died a few years ago. 109 Arbuthnot Road (now in Shanghai). |\n| 瑶光 | 2. Tặng Tự Kwong | Com: of Police, Com: of Water Police | 1914-1915, do. | All time since 1916, A few months, 1915. do. |  |\n|  | 3. Ysoi Chum Hàng | 朱*** |  |  |  |\n|  | 4. Chu Hing Lan | 煊 | Civil Governor | 1917-1919. | Various times, last time 1920-1922. |\n|  | 5. Shum Chữn Huen | 李耀漢 | Chief Administrative Director, Canton | 1917-1918 |  |\n|  | 6. Li Iu Hon | 烈鈞 | Civil Governor. | 1916-1917 |  |\n|  | 7. Li Lieh Chum | 胡漢民 | Com: in Chief, &c. | Various times. |  |\n|  | 8. Wu Hon Man |  | Civil Governor, &c. |  | Usually visited Hong Kong. |\n|  | 9. Chak Wong | # 21 |  |  | Now residing at 129 Caine Road, Happy Valley, Wong Nei Chong Road. |\n|  | 10. Chan Kwing Ming |  | Gov.-General, &c. |  | At present residing at Kiang Si. |\n| PR KID AD $15 | 11. Chan Chik Yu | Civil Governor, Foreign Minister, | 1922 | A few days in 1919. Prior to 12 years ago he came to H.K. & was quartered at the Supt. of Prison's Quarters in Gaol for about 10 days by order of the Hong Kong Government. | Now in Peking. |\n|  | 12. Ip Kui | 葉舉 | Act. Civil Governor | 1922 | All time, since 1917. At present at Shamshuipo. |\n| 伍172 31 | 13. Dr. Wu Ting Fang |  |  |  | Died in 1922. |\n| 邦委 | 14. Ngai Pong Ping | 兆康齒 | Commissioner of Finance | 1925 | About 3 weeks, 1915. Now residing at 35 Wongneichung Rd. |\n|  | 15. Hùng Siu Lun | 王堂 |  |  | A few months, 1921. At present in Shanghai. |\n|  | 16. Wong Tong |  | Com: of Police & Commander of Army, Commander of Army | 1914-1916 and 1924-1925, 1920-1924 | All time, since 1918. Now residing at D'Aguilar Street. All time, since 1922. Now residing at 35 Kai Tak Bund. |\n\nK.C.Y. \nFormerly resided in Queen's Road Central. Now at Shanghai. Assassinated on board a steamer when about to arrive at Shanghai, 1926. Now manager of the \"Chung Shan\" Knitting Factory, So Kun Po. Formerly President of Kwok Man Tong in Canton. Now President of Kwok Man Tong in Hong Kong.",
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    {
        "id": 511530,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-505-4 Labour situation in Canton and effect on Hong Kong- Labour Advisory Board 27-1-1927 - 31-8-1927",
        "page_number": 21,
        "title": "CO129-505-4 Labour situation in Canton and effect on Hong Kong- Labour Advisory Board 27-1-1927 - 31-8-1927",
        "content_text": "The CANTON GAZETTE 廣州州日報\n\nA B C\nRegistered at the Othee 29 A\n\nVol. V No. 955 CANTON, CHINA, MONDAY, MAY 23, 1927 民國十六年五月二十三日星期一\n\nNANKING, A TURNING POINT IN FAR EASTERN AND WORLD AFFAIRS!\nNANKING EVENTS MARK THE PASSING OF EUROPEAN INFLUENCE, PARTICULARLY THE BRITISH INFLUENCE IN CHINA, SAYS AMERICAN EDITOR. BRITISH ACTIONS SEVERLY CRITICIZED.\n\nBy J.B. PoWELL\n\nMr. Powell, editor and publisher of the CHINA WEEKLY REVIEW is has been extremely sympathetic with the Nationalist Movement.\n\n--The Editor.\n\nhsiang's Troops Arrive In Honan Tungkwan is Temporary Headquarters of 20,000 Nationalist Troops\n\nChief Chiang Returns To Nanking\n\nSingle Copy: 10 Cents $2.00 A Month $24.00 A Year\n\nWOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE SENDS GREETINGS TO CHINA'S FEMINIST ORGANIZATIONS\nFrom Shanghai CLAIMS TO STAND FOR FREEDOM AND PEACE; TO SUPPORT CHINA'S MOVEMENT TO RID THE COUNTRY OF MILITARISM AND IMPERIALISM; ADVOCATES ABROGATION OF UNILATERAL TREATIES AND BETTER CONDITIONS FOR THE WORKERS\n\n(Special to the GAZETTE)\n\nautonomy in fiscal matters, and to revise the Treaties so that they may meet with Chinese consent.\n\nChiang Kai-shek Commander-in-Chief of All the Nationalist Armies, Haukow, May 19. According to a Japanese source, General Feng Yu-hsiang's troops have arrived in Honan and number some 20,000. Their temporary headquarters are at Tungkwan.\n\nMessrs. Chang Ching Kiang, Li (Delayed) Shek-tsun, Yang Shu-chang and Yang Hu at the station. Upon arrival, the Commander-in-Chief went to the Ching-an Temple\n\nFurther, it believes that, in view of the strength of anti-British feeling in China, this country should take some definite steps to show goodwill.\n\nThe British Section taken from the REVIEW for May 14, 1927, shows his great interest in the solutions of the vast problems of construction now pressing for solution in this quarter of the world.\n\nGeneral Shah Tao Yan, have advanced up to Yochow, situated at the North-east of the Tung Ting Lake in Hunan and having direct railway communication with Hankow.\n\nAfter noon, he attended the memorial service held at the public recreation ground at which he delivered an impressive speech.\n\nGen. Li Lieh-chun had gone to see him to consult with him about party and national affairs.\n\nAt 7:30 p.m. of the same day, the Nationalist Commander-in-Chief attended a welcome party given in his honor at the Lun Wo Tai Theater by the City Kuomintang.\n\nAt this party, he delivered another impressive speech.\n\nThen he returned to Nanking city at midnight by special train.\n\nNationalists About to Surround Pengfu\nThe first of the Nationalist Army Corps, after taking Chuchow, are now advancing Northwards and are about to surround Pengpu.\n\n\"Reds\" Prepare To Quit Wuchang\n\nTo Be Under Control Of Municipality\n\nGovernment should:\n\nNot intervene on any side\na. we have rejoiced in the movement for the liberation of China\nb. Withdraw all ships of war and troops from the Yangtze and other Chinese waters, leaving if necessary for their safety, any British nationals who may desire this;\nc. let it be known that it is not the policy of the British Government to negotiate or arbitrate on matters of dispute between your country and the Chinese.\n\nNewspapermen, in the course of their daily work often write things, the true significance of which they fail to recognize.\n\nHankow, May 19.-It is reported that General Yang Sen's forces have landed about 70 miles below Cheng-Li and it is stated that they were yesterday in conflict about 15 miles away with Wuchang.\n\nIt is of course too early to gauge the final outcome of the events which have emerged from the Nanking incidents in their almost world-embracing ramifications, but it is safe to say now without much fear of contradiction, that the failure of the European Powers, particularly Great Britain, to bring about intervention in China, as a result of the Nanking events, really marks the turning point in what has generally been known as the Far Eastern Question.\n\nSome of these reports are of particular interest in connection with the developments mentioned in the beginning of this discussion.\n\nAccording to a dispatch from the Telephone Bureau to the Municipal Government, the Bureau will be put under the control of the Municipal Government, upon the approval of the Canton branch of the Political Council.\n\nOn May 5, the Japanese Toho news agency in a dispatch from Peking stated that the British Government had given instructions to Sir Miles Lampson, British Minister in Peking, to the effect that there was to be no \"second Note\" on the Nanking outrages.\n\nThere is considerable danger and anxiety, but also of hope.\n\nWe stand for Peace and Freedom, and we believe that without Freedom there can be no Peace.\n\nWe pledge ourselves on this side of the world to do our utmost to restrain the use or the threats of force, and to induce our Government to negotiate or arbitrate on matters of dispute between your country and the Chinese.\n\nAN APOLOGY AND CORRECTION\nFor the past day or so, our editors in charge have inadvertently inserted the words \"Northern and Southern\" in these columns in connection with the Revolutionary War.\n\nSuch words are entirely misleading, and the Management of the Gazette has to apologize to its readers for such a mistake.\n\nThe Management wishes it be peremptorily and explicitly understood that the war in China is NOT between the North and the South, but between the progressive Nationalists and the reactionary militarists.\n\nAny one who is a loyal adherent of the Kuomintang and a faithful follower of the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen is a progressive Nationalist, irrespective of locality.\n\nThe Management.\n\nTo Conduct Kiangyin Bombardment\nA notification has been despatched by the Provincial Kuomintang to the Party authorities of various districts to enforce effectively measures for the prohibition of gambling.\n\nThe notification says: \"A prohibition order has been issued by the Ministry of Finance to forbid gambling.\n\nShould unscrupulous gentries of any district be found guilty of protecting the gamblers and encouraging gambling business, the district Kuomintang authorities are authorized to arrest the gamblers and ring leaders.\n\nThey are further authorized to destroy the gambling dens and punish the gentries in accordance with military law.\"\n\nCommissioner Of Municipal Bureau To Resign\nCommissioner Lau Wei-shih of the Municipal Bureau of Finance has recently sent in his resignation to the Municipal Government on account of ill health.\n\nMr. Lau is known to have done good work during his half year of service.\n\nHe has been generally appraised for effecting the installation of the automatic telephones in this city and for making good efforts to organize the municipal bank which will be soon inaugurated.\n\nSince Mr. Lum Wen-kai assumed the mayorship of this city, certain changes have been made in the Municipal Government: Yiao Sze-yee has been appointed Chief of the General Affairs Section, Chau Hok-tong, the Chief Secretary, and Ng Chek-ying, Accountant.\n\nMr. Lau Wei-shih's resignation from his position as Commissioner of Finance has been accepted, but his successor has as yet not been decided upon.\n\n(Continued on Page 2)\n\nPage 21",
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        "document_key": "CO129-505-4 Labour situation in Canton and effect on Hong Kong- Labour Advisory Board 27-1-1927 - 31-8-1927",
        "page_number": 23,
        "title": "CO129-505-4 Labour situation in Canton and effect on Hong Kong- Labour Advisory Board 27-1-1927 - 31-8-1927",
        "content_text": "To Urge Mr. Tai \n\nDeclaration Of The Sun Yat-sen Univ. Auditing And Regulation Committee For The C. M. S. N. Co.\n\nThe China Merchants Steam Navigation Company to be Maintained, Assisted and Protected. To Devise Plans and \n\nChi-tau To Return \n\nThe rumour that Mr. Chau ku will be appointed by the Central Executive Committee to be the president of Sun Yat-sen University, created a sensation in educational circles here. The students and staff of the University declared that Chau Lu is not qualified to take the position and therefore he is not welcome.\n\nMeans to put the Company on a sound and Efficient Basis. Committee-men to Receive no salary from the Company—to show close Cooperation Between Gov't and People.\n\nYesterday a telegram was sent out to urge Mr. Tai to return to Canton promptly and resume his post as the head of the University. Then a representative, Mr. Sun Shib, secretary of the University has been sent to confer with Mr. Tai at Nanking with regard to the matter.\n\nIn order To preserve the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company, Messrs. Chang Jen-chieh, Kuo Tai-chi and seven others have been appointed by the Nationalist Government to form a committee for the auditing and regulating of the said company.\n\nThe committee was formally inaugurated yesterday and a meeting held for discussion. The opinions of the shareholders and of the general public were fully respected.\n\nAs for the actions of the Committee, we are desirous to be put under the supervision of the shareholders and the community. We shall not receive any salary or any other remunerations. For office expenses, same will be paid.\n\nFollowing is a declaration issued by the committee to the various public organisations of Canton yesterday:—\n\n“The China Merchants Steam Navigation Company of Shanghai alone is the largest navigating enterprise of our country. It was formed even prior to the Nippon Yusen Kaisha. Fifty years have now elapsed since its formation and the Company has made little or no progress, its sailing routes are still confined to the Yangtse Kiang and the N. and South Coasts, while steamers of the Nippon Yusen Kaisha are at present prying jointly and give us all the necessary directions.\n\nFurthermore, the property of the Company has all been mortgaged. The capital of the shareholders is being gradually reduced. Should such conditions continue indefinitely, it is feared that the power of navigation would fall entirely into the hands of foreigners and the shares of the Company rendered mere scraps of paper. This would not only be a loss to the shareholders but also a great detriment to the welfare of the Chinese nation.\n\n“Clothing, Food, Dwelling and Travelling are the four principal requirements of life. In his ‘People's Livelihood Principle’ and ‘Outlines of National Construction’, our late Director Dr. Sun, has laid special emphasis on the urgent solution of these vital problems. Being formed for the realization of our late Director's principles, the Nationalist Government cannot fail to take every step to reform and maintain the said Company.\n\n“Under joint instructions of the Central Political Council and the Nationalist Government, this Committee is formed in order to examine and regulate the affairs of the said Company. We, the members of the Committee shall respectfully observe the doctrines of our late Director, Dr. Sun, in that government must be honest. We shall study the Causes of the deficiency of the Company, devise plans for the extension of its enterprise, for the interests of the shareholders as well as that of the community, through co-operation of the Government with the people. The capital and property of the Company shall be strongly protected, its business duly maintained and the interests of the shareholders and the whole nation will rise and settle the matter.\n\n“(Sd) Chang Jen-chieh, Kuo Tai-chi, Soong Han-chiang, Pun Chien, Yang Chuen, Yang Sui-lu, Li Kuo-fei, Yu Ho-teh, Chen Fei-te, Members of Committee.”\n\nTHE CANTON GAZETTE, MONDAY, MAY 23, 1927\n\n“CHING TANG”---PURGE THE PARTY--- MOVEMENT: SLOGANS FOR THE PEOPLE ARE ISSUED BY PROPAGANDA DEPT.\n\nThe Following Slogans, Prepared by the Propaganda Committee of the Kwangtung Provincial Special Kuomintang, are an Embodiment of the Aims and Spirit of the Nationalist Movement.\n\n1. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which massacres the Kuomintang members.\n\n2. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which is treacherous to our late Director, Dr. Sun Yat-sen.\n\n3. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which is destroying the People's Revolution.\n\n4. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which is utilizing the masses of people as tools.\n\n5. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which is utilizing bandits and labor usurpers to oppress the Peasants and Laborers.\n\n6. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which is undoing the work of the Northern Expedition.\n\n7. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which is plotting the downfall and destruction of the Kuomintang.\n\n8. To be against the Three People's Principles is to be a Counter-Revolutionary.\n\n9. To be against the Kuomintang is to be a national Counter-Revolutionary.\n\n10. All power and authority belong to the Kuomintang.\n\n11. All true and loyal grades of the Kuomintang unite and rise.\n\n12. Down with all counter-revolutionaries.\n\n13. Down with all opportunists.\n\n14. Concentrate the powers of the Kuomintang.\n\n15. Down with Imperialism.\n\n16. Down with the Fengtien clique of Militarists.\n\n17. Eradicate all corrupt officials, greedy gentries, and unscrupulous merchants.\n\n18. Support the Nationalist Government in readjusting the affairs of the Company and to realize the principles of the National Construction Plans of our late Director.\n\n19. To call a Strike against the Counter-Revolutionary Chinese Communist Party.\n\n20. Those who refuse to come under the direction and guidance of the Kuomintang are no Revolutionaries.\n\n21. The masses of the people must rise up and clean out the Counter-revolutionary Chinese Communist Party.\n\n22. The masses of the people must rise and support the Chinese Kuomintang.\n\n23. Support the Central Government at Nanking.\n\n24. Support Nationalist Forces.\n\n25. Down with the bogus governments at Wuhan and at Peking.\n\n26. Down with the most devilish Chinese Communist party.\n\n27. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which gives up the Special District of Hankow.\n\n28. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which compromises with the Fenglien militarists.\n\n29. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which is against the San Min Chu I (Three People's Principles).\n\n30. Down with the Chinese Communist Party which utilizes the masses of people as tools.\n\n31. To clear out all the Chinese communists who are in ambush.\n\n32. To clear out all the Chinese communists who are in disguise.\n\n33. The true revolutionary soldiers must rise up and overthrow the Chinese communist party.\n\n34. Down with those bad characters who take vengeance under the pretext of the Communist Party.\n\n35. Down with those dishonest Kuomintang members who tolerate the communist elements.\n\n36. Execute Hsu Chien, Teng Yen-ta and others who betray the party and the country and frustrate the Northern Punitive Expedition.\n\n37. Execute the unworthy and covetous Sun Fo who betrays the party and the country.\n\n38. Execute Borodia who curses and disturbs China and the Kuomintang.\n\n39. To clean up all the corrupt officials and political opportunists.\n\n40. To clean up all the Opportunists.\n\n41. To deal severely with those who study the \"Cheng-hsueh\" doctrine, Reactionaries.\n\n42. To dismiss Wang Ching-wei who betrays the party, endangers the country and is ungrateful to the Kuomintang.\n\n43. The Three People's Principles are the principles for national salvation.\n\n44. To realize all the party principles of the Kuomintang.\n\n45. It is only the Kuomintang which can realize the welfare of the people.\n\n46. To reclaim all concessions, leased and ceded territories.\n\n47. To emancipate the Tibetans from the oppression of the imperialists and the Mongolians from that of the communists.\n\n48. To unite all the revolutionary advancing and oppressed People and make joint efforts to overthrow imperialism.\n\n49. Long live the Success of the National Revolution.\n\n50. Long live the Kuomintang of China.\n\n相影 AH F NGSTUDIO 芳亞\n\nGIVE US A TRIAL\n\nSATISFACTION GUARANTEED\n\nWe beg to announce to the public that we have lately added to our studio many modern inventions whereby photos taken by us compare favourably with photos by well-known photographers abroad.\n\nWe have engaged experts to look after our developing, printing and enlarging departments.\n\nWe have always on hand views of Canton as well as postcards, etc. Eastman & Agfa films a speciality. Proofs will be shown at our studio if required.\n\nJust taken a NEW PANORAMA OF CANTON CITY; for sale $4.00\n\nTelephone No. 531 W.\n\nSEND YOUR MESSAGES BY WIRELESS\n\nCheaper and Faster Service TO Shanghai, Nanking, Foochow, Hankow, etc.\n\nAddress: No. 1 SAI HAU STREET\n\n號麑第復後阿基沩\n\n#6\n\nNOTICE\n\nThe S.S. \"Sainam\" and \"Nanning\" will leave Canton for Wuchow every Monday, Wednesdays and Fridays at 8 a.m.\n\nFor further particulars please apply to:\n\nSAI HING NAVIGATION CO. LTD.\n\nSHA KEE\n\nMessages, official or private, are despatched immediately, day and night.\n\nApply to Office at 50 (old number) Second Bund (Yee-Maloo) Nankwan.\n\nCANTON WIRELESS STATION, MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS\n\n號十五牌門路馬二關南\n\n行琴得彼山東\n\nTHE PETER MUSIC Co.,\n\nMusics and Musical Instruments. Sole Distributors. \"Morrison\" Pianos and Winner Records\n\nTuning and Repairing Pianos\n\nBuying and selling old Pianos\n\n33, Mui Chin Street, West, Tungshan, Canton.\n\n院戲畫影珠明\n\nPearl Theatre (Opposite DUTCH FOLLY, THE BUND)\n\nPROGRAMME FOR Thurs, to Sat., May 19th to 21st. At 2.30, 7.00, and 9.15 p.m.\n\nBUSTER KEATON The Frozen Face Comedian in \"SEVEN CHANCES\"\n\n6 Reels\n\nALSO OUR GANG in \"THE COBBLER\"\n\nNext Change! Commencing Sun. May 22nd.\n\nWesley Barry, Mary Carr, and Pat O'Malley in \"THE FIGHTING CUB\"\n\nWatch Out! CHARLIE CHAPLIN in \"THE GOLD RUSH\"\n\n院戲民國\n\nNATIONAL (North Wing Hon Road)\n\nPROGRAMME FOR Fri. to Mon. May 20th to 23rd. At 12.30, 2.30, 7.00 and 9.00 P.M.\n\n\"THE LIVING BUDDHA\" Part II A Chinese Picture\n\nNext Change COMMENCING TUES. MAY 24TH\n\nBETTY COMPSON and LEATRICE JOY in \"LADIES MUST LIVE\" A Paramount Picture\n\nComing Attraction RUDOLPH VALENTINO in \"BLOOD AND SAND\"\n\n美商美亞保險公司 長堤 光樓\n\nThe Globe & Rutgers Fire Insurance Co. OF NEW YORK\n\nAll classes of Insurance transacted\n\nGENERAL AGENTS American Asiatic Underwriters, (South China) Fed. Inc. U.S.A, Missions Building The Bund",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-505-4 Labour situation in Canton and effect on Hong Kong- Labour Advisory Board 27-1-1927 - 31-8-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 511552,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-505-4 Labour situation in Canton and effect on Hong Kong- Labour Advisory Board 27-1-1927 - 31-8-1927",
        "page_number": 43,
        "title": "CO129-505-4 Labour situation in Canton and effect on Hong Kong- Labour Advisory Board 27-1-1927 - 31-8-1927",
        "content_text": "Enclosure No9\n\nTranslation.\n\n43\n\nNo.430/27.\n\n(Extract from Awok Man San Man, Canton. 11th May 1927)\n\nConference in celebration of the Inauguration of\n\nthe Aron,tung Special District Kuomintang Department under the Special Kuomintang Department of the Generalissimo's headquarters.\n\n(6) The Executive Committee and the members of the Inspectorate pledged their allegiance and took up their posts. Chu Ka Wa then made a political report, saying:\n\n\"Since the Central Kuomintang Department and National Government have been seized by the Communists on their removal to Wuhan, serious political changes have taken place, and our troops have therefore been held up on reaching the Chang Kiang. Therefore our loyal and faithful members of the Kuomintang have been compelled to effect a Party Purification Movement. Now the Nanking Government has been established, a new Government Council has been elected, and due notifications have been issued on various matters.\n\nThe Provincial Governments of Chekiang and Kiangsu have also been re-organised. Of late changes have taken place in Wuhan too and Party Purification Movements have been promoted by many of our comrades.\n\nSimilar movements have been made in Nanking.\n\nWe are now unified and shall be able to accomplish our Northern Expedition.\"\n\n(7) Next Li Chai Sham, Chief of Staff, reported on the military situation and said,\n\n\"As we know, our Northern Expedition, at the speed with which it was developing, would have reached Peking long ago, had not trouble been caused by the Communists. In reporting on the military position I have to express my deep regret on this account.\n\nLet me relate to you the intrigues of the Communists. They are very serious and most...",
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    {
        "id": 513680,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-508-4 Cases of attacks by pirates 6-11-1927 - 23-11-1928",
        "page_number": 200,
        "title": "CO129-508-4 Cases of attacks by pirates 6-11-1927 - 23-11-1928",
        "content_text": "Hon. Capt. Supt. of Police,\n\nPiracy of S.S. \"Høin jah\"\n\nIn continuation of my report dated the 17th April, 1928, I beg to state that the amount of silk looted is now given as 17 cases value $12,000 (approx).\n\nThe leader of the pirates was aged about 25 years, short and thin build, hair cut short, thin face, dressed in thin woollen clothing, and was of refined appearance and well dressed in Chinese clothing. He spoke Swatow and Cantonese dialects.\n\nThe names and particulars of the five Chinese males kidnapped are as follows:-\n\n1. LO SHUK LEUNG, 48, Chinese medicine doctor of Kiang Su Province.\n\n2. LAU YEE KA, 40.\n\n3. CHOI YEUNG CHAN, 30, Travelling inspector, China Merchants Steamship Company, of Kwai Chau. Ditto.\n\n4. LI CHI HO, 41, A Chinese male of Sam Shui.\n\n5. Unknown. A Chinese male who boarded the ship at Shanghai.\n\nAll the passengers bought their tickets at Shanghai, no money was collected on board. The pirates gained admission to the deck when a quartermaster was being admitted to the deck after having been forward to sound bells at 07.00 hours. One of the pirates followed the quartermaster up the ladder leading to the main deck and when the iron gate had been unlocked, he pushed him forward and seized the sailor who was on duty at the gate and dragged him down to the well-deck, and then the other pirates swarmed the main deck and took charge. The pirates\n\nPage 200\n\nPage 201",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-508-4 Cases of attacks by pirates 6-11-1927 - 23-11-1928.txt",
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    {
        "id": 513684,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-508-4 Cases of attacks by pirates 6-11-1927 - 23-11-1928",
        "page_number": 204,
        "title": "CO129-508-4 Cases of attacks by pirates 6-11-1927 - 23-11-1928",
        "content_text": "203\n\nList of Chinese characters for the names mentioned in\n\nthe Governor's letter and its enclosures.\n\nHsin Wah (新華)\n\nSam Chau (三州)\n\nFan Wo Kong (範羅崗)\n\nLi Chai-sum (李濟深)\n\nHoifung (海豐)\n\nSiu Mok Kong (小漠港)\n\nChiu Chau (潮州)\n\nLo Shuk Leung (盧权良)\n\nKiang Sze (江西)\n\nLau Yee Ka (劉嘉)\n\nKwai Chau (贵州)\n\nChoi Yeung Chan (徐榮燦)\n\nLi Chi Ho (李子和)\n\nSwatne (汕尾)\n\nWeichow (惠州)\n\nPin Shan (1年山)\n\nLi Fook Lam (李福林)\n\nMuileong (?梅?)\n\nTung Hoi (東海)\n\nSam Shui (三水)",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-508-4 Cases of attacks by pirates 6-11-1927 - 23-11-1928.txt",
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    {
        "id": 516366,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-512-1 Political situation in China- and Canton 30-11-1928 - 23-5-1929",
        "page_number": 116,
        "title": "CO129-512-1 Political situation in China- and Canton 30-11-1928 - 23-5-1929",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n## Enclosure No. 1\n\n115\n\nInformation given by Mr. Chan Yau-ka, a friend of General Tang Seng-chi.\n\n19th February, 1929.\n\nGeneral Tang Seng-chi is in the Colony. He is here as a private individual, and is not concerned with politics whatsoever. It is true that about three months ago he went to Shanghai on the invitation of Chiang Kai-shek who endeavoured to enlist his support to strengthen his own position. Although General Tang is now a private individual, it is the common belief that his former subordinates, such as Li Pen-hsien and Ho Chien, are still loyal to him and would rally round him, should he hoist his flag again. Li Pen-hsien is now at Peiping, and Ho Chien at Hunan, and the two have between them about 60,000 men. These two generals are under the command of Pei Chung-hsi, whose retirement from the army will soon become, if it has not already become, an accomplished fact. Although Chiang Kai-shek never once mentioned Pei Chung-hsi by name in his conversations with General Tang Seng-chi, there is no doubt that he intended to secure through Tang the deflection of Li Pen-hsien and Ho Chien from their allegiance to Pei. Chiang offered Tang $200,000, but the latter refused the gift in order to preserve his own independence. When Tang was leaving Shanghai for South China, Chiang tried to persuade him to stay on. Tang's objects in coming to Hong Kong was to make a clean cut from politics so as to show all parties that he had nothing to do with politics. Tang knows Chiang well, and because of this knowledge, he does not trust him.\n\nOne of",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-512-1 Political situation in China- and Canton 30-11-1928 - 23-5-1929.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 551831,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-558-3 Levy on Salaries- petition from Chinese Civil Servants 3-1-1936 - 19-12-1936",
        "page_number": 192,
        "title": "CO129-558-3 Levy on Salaries- petition from Chinese Civil Servants 3-1-1936 - 19-12-1936",
        "content_text": "## Department \n- Railway \n\n190 \n\n## Signature \n## Rank \n\nTo kingshum Jes. \nLaugarby Jung Man Tin Li Man thin. Man Lun \nYau Kayin My thick thing \nPui Sum \nBang thing Chung L Isang Pug Wal Bany \n\nis Ceelluntong hi Mymen Word Muntan \n\nChan Chuan \n\n## Signature \n## Rank \n\nChiny Chang hing Logo si \nLi \n\n7.5. \nBe. \nering them se. \nPingki B.C \nWorg Hook-lan Re \nKan is trou Love this May \nLi El. \nJin. \nB.c. \nLauyan Be \nLong \nLi \nPin \n\nPing Shum J. C. \nhan Heangling one. \nT. \nMa Kwok Hong 7.C. \nT \nGraftsma \nWong Man Young J.C.S. \nChing Sum \nJeshi being shroff. \nMaJuwan \nLann stund J.T.S. \nZiin Pat. Lishau Chai \nRam Ji Man Lan. Ilaw. \nGo kanting Ciang Chung Ha.. \nFankam took \n\nNo Kan 7: How Ki \nprinter \n\n\" \nGoods Clerk. \nBroting Clerk \n\nTo E \nLo Chef Yue FT.C \nChan Tool #fan \nbhun the Kwong \nIm \n\nWanventing Be \n\nTook B.C. an ngok Lang chandize man \nJung Kang for Ed. \nTaug \nLi \nkam \nPing \nKing Tran \nB., \nArungtin drang. qh. Chan Sexling 5.m To You Bun Li Jungkwan J.C.S. \nOun Wai Cainty Chin this Chung J.. Arring Cheung Shue Wing J. 6. S. \nBam Rak Leung \nJbs. \nLai Soon of Jes \nCheng Shikman sich. Ding Yu dan Braighteman, \nTrend Ram-stung. T..",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-558-3 Levy on Salaries- petition from Chinese Civil Servants 3-1-1936 - 19-12-1936.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 552264,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-559-13 Sir A. Caldecott- visit to Canton 13-9-1936 - 26-11-1936",
        "page_number": 39,
        "title": "CO129-559-13 Sir A. Caldecott- visit to Canton 13-9-1936 - 26-11-1936",
        "content_text": "## In conclusion the General apologised for not being able to visit personally more Chinese merchants to get their views. He took the opportunity of saying good-bye to the merchants, hoping that one day they could visit him in Canton, where they could have more time to exchange views. He thanked the Chamber and all its members for the excellent entertainment.\n\n## Aeroplane Donors Thanked\n\nIn a speech the Mayor, Mr. Tseng Yang-fu, said that for many years he had been away from Canton serving the Central Government in Nanking. For this reason he had little chance of visiting Hongkong, and to meet such a distinguished gathering of the Chinese business leaders was a great pleasure to him.\n\n\"As explained by General Huang just now,\" said the Mayor, “to pay an official call on His Excellency the Governor, Sir Andrew Caldecott, is the first reason of the visit of the Canton officials, while secondly the officials also want to meet the overseas Chinese here.\n\n\"On behalf of the National Government I wish to thank all Chinese in Hongkong for their generous donation and unselfishness in contributing half a million dollars for the aeroplane fund in connection with Marshal Chiang Kai-shek's birthday. Such a good spirit is comparable to that of even the most patriotic peoples of the European and American countries to-day.\n\n\"Although Hongkong and Canton are on a different footing, actually the closest of relations exist between the two cities. If we can bring prosperity to both, the people in the two places will be directly benefited. For this reason there is every necessity for commercial and economic co-operation between Canton and Hongkong.\n\n\"As most of the Chinese residents in Hongkong are Cantonese, Canton serves as a backbone to them. Consequently a bad Government in Canton will not only disappoint the Cantonese in Hongkong but will have other detrimental effects on this Colony as a whole. The present Government in Canton is determined to carry out its readjustment programme to the fullest extent, so that prosperity will be brought not only to Canton but to both cities. If any future opportunity should arise, the Canton Municipal Government will be most willing to receive any constructive advice which may be given by the Hongkong Chinese.\"\n\n## Other Chinese Receptions\n\nAt the Hotel Cecil at nine o'clock yesterday morning representatives of 280 local Chinese organisations, including trade and labour associations and schools, gave a reception in honour of the visiting Canton officials. The meeting was presided over by Mr. Tang Chi-ching, who delivered the speech of welcome on behalf of the 280 organisations of Hongkong and Kowloon. The Chairman stressed the point that in cementing better relations between Hongkong and Canton they would increase the prosperity of the two leading cities of South China.\n\nAnother speech was made by Mr. Li Sing-kui (Chairman of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce).\n\nThe happy function came to a conclusion after General Huang Mu-sung had replied thanking the hosts for their excellent entertainment.\n\n## A Cordial Welcome\n\nLater in the morning, at 11 o'clock, another Chinese reception, given by a number of local commercial, educational, medical, religious and sports associations, was held in the Kam Ling Restaurant, at West Point. The reception was presided over by Mr. Ip Hau-chuen.\n\nAt this reception General Huang Mu-sung said that the Chinese Government was determined to push on with the new life movement in Kwangtung, as shown by the rigid suppression of gambling, opium smoking and the miscellaneous and unpopular taxes. This would relieve the financial burden of the people and would permit them to proceed with the rehabilitation work. In short, it was the hope of the Canton Government to push ahead the reorganisation of Kwangtung, making the province a model province of China. He said that there was great hope for a speedy recovery if the overseas Chinese continued to give support to the Government whenever they could.\n\nThe Mayor of Canton, Mr. Tseng Yang-fu, said that he was greatly impressed by the enthusiasm shown in the many entertainments which had been given in their honour.\n\n## TRADE DELEGATION\n\n### Big Party of Businessmen Arrive from Canton\n\nBusiness men of Hongkong and Canton were enabled to fraternise at length when, in connection with the goodwill visit of His Excellency the Provincial Chairman of the Kwangtung Provincial Government, and the Mayor of Canton, a party of Chinese business and financial representatives arrived from Canton yesterday morning.\n\nThe visitors were headed by Mr. Ho Tsap-ping, (Chairman, Kwangtung Provincial Chamber of Commerce), and included: Mr. Chow Dien-pong, (Chairman, Canton Chamber of Commerce), Mr. Chen Yu-chien, (Chairman, Canton Bankers Association), Mr. Li Lu-chao, (Director, Canton-Kowloon Railway), Dr. Chien Shu-fan (Lawyer), Mr. Kiang Ying-chi, (Manager, Canton Municipal Bank), Mr. Loo Im-min, (Manager, China State Bank, Canton), Mr. Chan Lim-chung, (Chinese Manager, Hongkong & Shanghai Bank, Canton), Mr. Tsai Chang, Manager, (Sun Company), Mr. Chung Ping-fung, (Manager, General Bank), Mr. W. J. Wen, (Manager, Bank of Communications), Mr. Yiu Pak-loong, (Director, Department of Navigation), Mr. Tang Ying-wa, (Manager, China Merchants Steam Navigation Co.), Mr. Lo Ting-yu, (Director, Weaving Factory), Mr. Shen Tsiao-chiu, (Secretary General, K.T. Provincial Kwokmantang Headquarters), Mr. Wilfred Ling, (Municipal Government Planning Committee).\n\nThe party was received in the Jacobean Room of the Hongkong Hotel by members of the Hongkong General Chamber of Commerce, and light refreshments were served while introductions were exchanged.\n\n| Name | Affiliation |\n| --- | --- |\n| The Hon. Mr. Stanley H. Dodwell | Messrs. Dodwell & Co., Ltd. |\n| The Hon. Mr. J. J. Paterson | Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd. |\n| The Hon. Mr. M. T. Johnson | Messrs. Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co. |\n| Mr. G. Miskin | Messrs. Gilman & Co., Ltd. |\n| Mr. P. S. Cassidy | Messrs. J. D. Hutchison & Co. |\n| Mr. J. R. Masson | Messrs. Butterfield & Swire |\n| Mr. T. A. Mitchell | Messrs. W. R. Loxley & Co., (China) Ltd. |\n| Mr. K. S. Morrison | Messrs. Reiss, Bradley & Co., Ltd. |\n| Mr. G. W. Sewell | Federation of British Industries, Ltd. |\n| Mr. W. Shewan | Messrs. Shewan, Tomes & Co., Ltd. |\n| Major V. E. Duclos | Canadian Trade Commissioner |\n| Mr. G. C. Pelham | H.M. Trade Commissioner |\n| Mr. A. Brearley | The Chartered Bank of India, Australia & China |\n| Mr. J. W. Platt | The Asiatic Petroleum Co., (S.C.) Ltd. |\n| Mr. J. H. Jessen | Messrs. Jebsen & Co. |\n| Mr. A. B. Raworth | General Electric Co., Ltd. |\n| Mr. H. Owen Hughes | Messrs. Harry Wicking & Co., Ltd. |\n| Mr. A. K. Mackenzie | Messrs. Harry Wicking & Co., Ltd. |\n| Mr. R. D. Gillespie | The Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd. |\n| Mr. F. Stafford Smith | The British-American Tobacco Co., Ltd. |\n\nFrom the Jacobean Room, members of the party went to the St. Francis Hotel where they were received by members of the Chinese business community, while others were shown round the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Building by the Chief Manager, Mr. V. M. Grayburn.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-559-13 Sir A. Caldecott- visit to Canton 13-9-1936 - 26-11-1936.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 599390,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-627-3 Housing project- contains drawings 1-2-1951 - 31-10-1951",
        "page_number": 47,
        "title": "CO129-627-3 Housing project- contains drawings 1-2-1951 - 31-10-1951",
        "content_text": "ARCHITECTURAL OFFICE\n\nP.W.D. HONG KONG\n\n  \n    7\n    1\n    \n    14\n    Jal\n    IG\n    25\n    10\n    24\n    33\n  \n  \n    \n    20\n    28\n    34\n    n\n    2\n    35\n    11\n    22\n    30\n  \n  \n    \n    30\n    12\n    25\n    37\n    13\n    32\n    38\n    M\n    0\n  \n  \n    \n    H\n    U\n    N\n    \n    \n    CHILDREN PLAYGROUND\n    \n    \n    \n  \n\nWORKERS FLATS AT SHEUNG\n\nBLOCK PLAN\n\n  \n    GO:0\n    18\n    \n    \n    SECTION\n    12\n    13\n    20\n  \n  \n    GO:0\n    A-A\n    23\n    † 20\n    3\n    16\n    24\n    17\n    25\n  \n  \n    7\n    18\n    20\n    32\n    27\n    \n    CHILDREN\n    28\n    „PLAYGROUND\n  \n  \n    20\n    #\n    35\n    29\n    20\n    10\n    30\n    LI UK\n  \n  \n    KOWLOON\n    \n    KIU\n    KIANG\n    LOW LOON\n    TOAD\n    \n    \n  \n\nAPPENDIX D.\n\n48\n\nDRAWING NO.: A 203\n\nSCALE: 1 INCH = 50 FEET\n\nDATE: 23RD, NOVEMBER, 1950",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-627-3 Housing project- contains drawings 1-2-1951 - 31-10-1951.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    }
]