[
    {
        "id": 239059,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-057 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [7]",
        "page_number": 21,
        "title": "CO129-057 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [7]",
        "content_text": "18\n\nto interference which\n\nT\n\nsem invincible.\n\n\"What, however, must never\n\nbe lost sight of, is the position of this Blom in relation to our vast interest in China. Kese reonue that all I legislation could be looked to in its ultra-local consequences, and the consideration of troue consequences\n\nit is of course\n\nmy\n\nbounden duty\n\nas\n\nPlemibotentiary and Chief Superintendat\n\ninvitually to keep in view.\n\n& Finde\n\nconeur in Mz\n\nI entially Bridges' affirmation of the value\n\nF\n\nhor Exldwills devices, and shall be\n\ngian to see him reinstaten in the service of the Foramment.\n\nAnd though not agreein yo\n\nwith Urr Midges as to the modus\n\nbrocedende in the\n\nvery grave\n\naut\n\n\"entandled question, I recognize-\n\nzeal\n\nhis representation evidence of his\n\nand attention to the subject.\n\nI have the honor to be,\n\nWith the highest respect,\n\nWatt\n\nمنزل\n\nfour mat sortient Aumble Servant,\n\nJohn Biums\n\nreference to the averment of Mr Bridges that \"every day in there lie alongside the\n\n\"the\n\nyear\n\ni",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-057 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [7].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 304971,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-186 - Public Offices & Others - 1879",
        "page_number": 228,
        "title": "CO129-186 - Public Offices & Others - 1879",
        "content_text": "# Straditions \n\nAre made on Chinese territory, & H. M. forces cannot control the acts of the cruisers outside Hong Kong waters and that Capt. Elliot's proclamation promising the freedom of the fort must not be interpreted in the sense that it would bind H. M. to use force to ensure it on any grounds other than those indicated.\n\nThe establishment of their stations is allowed by the terms of it.\n\nMr. Justice Kerr may do; Morning Dr.\n\n70. Commissioners of Customs and Cruisers which were sent 4/10 before sending away 6 of the defectives.\n\nThere is no doubt, strong probability \"so proved\".\n\nIt is an invincible objection to appointing a Chinese collector of customs to perform his duty in British territory.\n\nHimmong \n\nBut Mr. worked hard under difficulties which are full of irritating dispatch should be sent to soothe and to show reasonable views of We Loveall & principles of trade.\n\nA withholding down will do them good on Oct 6.\n\nJefti ...\n\n## 219.\n\nLo, Cayall 15182 79 EC REN 224 FReen office Sept amb or 23/09/79.\n\nI am directed by Her Majesty's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to transmit to you to be laid before Sir J. Beach, a copy of a despatch from Her Majesty's Minister at Peking, in regard to the Hongkong Blockade question.\n\nYour most obedient, humble Servant,\nJulian Pauncefote\nThe Secretary of State\nColonial Office",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-186 - Public Offices & Others - 1879.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 323658,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "page_number": 89,
        "title": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "content_text": "88\n\n\"armed with Rifles, and it is very essential, for many reasons, that they should be a drilled and disciplined body capable, when required, of united action. These reasons arise partly from the nature and ordinary functions of the Hong Kong Police, partly from the duties which might fall to their share during a time of emergency.\n\n(3) In dealing with this force it would be well to dismiss all recollection of the corresponding body in England. The Hong Kong Police, however, presents a close analogy to the Royal Irish Constabulary. Like them, they are an armed force; like them, much of their duties lies amid a passively, or actively, hostile population, while the \"Lily\" and \"Triad\" secret societies are organizations more widely spread than even the Fenian Brotherhood, or the band of invincibles.\n\nThe Hong Kong Police are often called on to cope with, not only individual criminals, but with bodies of armed men from the mainland, organized for the sake",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 323662,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "page_number": 93,
        "title": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "content_text": "187\n\n19 92\n\nL\n\nEase at the present time; that large numbers of ruffians, including, it is believed, several of the ring leaders of the late riots at Canton, have taken refuge here from the pursuit of the Chinese authorities, and that the Chinese secret Societies analogous to the Fenians and \"Invincibles\" in Ireland, and to the Nihilists in Russia, are actively at work. An attempt was made not long ago to attack an armed band from the neighbouring mainland on a house in the centre of this city; and one night last week, a gang of thirty-five Chinese, armed for the most part with rifles and revolvers, and evidently bent on some unlawful enterprise, was arrested on one of the wharfs. Again, the Report of the Commissioners appointed, in consequence of certain proceedings, states that nearly 20 criminals have been recently claimed by the Viceroy of Canton under Treaty of Extradition, and their cases are now before the Police Magistrate.\n\nThese men were brought up before the Police Magistrate, but, as they had committed no overt act, they were only fined, in accordance with the local law, for illegally bearing arms, and their weapons were forfeited.\n\n\"Transmitted with my despatch No. 298 of November 10, 1883.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 323763,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "page_number": 194,
        "title": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "content_text": "64.\n\n193\n\n\"make distinction between foreign nations, but that to them all those who are not Chinese are barbarians, as foreigners were to a Greek; and their expulsion of all barbarians, often asserted, is the fond dream of Chinese patriots. The wildest rumours as to the immediate arrival of Truk troops are credited by all the people, and the excitement has no doubt been much increased by the recent arrival of numbers of soldiers, who are popularly supposed to have come here to kill all foreigners. I must do these men the justice of bearing witness to their perfect quietness and good behaviour. I have not heard a complaint against them. But the men furnished by householders in the city, and who are being drilled outside, are very ill-disposed. Of course, the people fully believe that their own troops are invincible. A proclamation lately widely sold in the streets, and the authenticity of which has been distinctly denied by the Viceroy, but which I believe was drawn up by Fung (Pan), has also had a mischievous effect, as the populace consider it to authorize attacks on foreigners. Still",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 323828,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "page_number": 259,
        "title": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "content_text": "COMPARATIVE RATE OF PAY.\n\n$\n\n$\n\nHONGKONG.\n\nAT PRESENT.\n\n$\n\nPROPOSED,\n\n  \n    Rank.\n    SHANG-HAI, per month.\n    HONG-KONG, per month.\n    No. of Officers.\n    Amount.\n    No.\n    Per month.\n    Amount.\n  \n  \n    Chief Inspector, 1st Class\n    150.00\n    120.00\n    1\n    1,440.00\n    1\n    160.00\n    1,800.00\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    100.00\n    4\n    4,800.00\n    4\n    100.00\n    4,800.00\n  \n  \n    2nd\n    85.00\n    80.00\n    3\n    2,880.00\n    3\n    \"\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    85.00\n    \n    31\n    \n    \n    85.00\n    3,060.00\n  \n  \n    1-3rd\n    75.00\n    60.00\n    4\n    2,880.00\n    4\n    75.00\n    3,600.00\n  \n  \n    Sergeant,\n    60.00\n    45.00\n    11\n    5,940.00\n    11\n    60.00\n    \n  \n  \n    3rd\n    55.00\n    \n    10\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Constables,\n    45.00\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Allowance to 10 P.C.\n    10.00\n    2.50\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Actg. Sergeants,\n    \n    \n    \n    42,240.00\n    \n    300.00\n    \n  \n  \n    Corporals\n    52.00\n    48.00\n    78\n    6,864.00\n    \n    5,760.00\n    \n  \n  \n    \n    45.00\n    \n    \n    42,120.00\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    1st\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    60,480.00\n  \n\nDRAFT.\n\n\"Hongthing no.\n\n39\n\nSir G. T. Bowen §.6.M.§.\n\nMINUTE. 13 Feb.\n\nMr. Johnson 14\n\nMr.\n\n$ 68,004.00\n\nT. C. DEMPSTER, Captain, Acting Captain Superintendent of Police.\n\n(2.)\n\nCENTRAL POLICE BARRACKS, HONGKONG, 21st November, 1883.\n\nI have the honour to bring to your notice some points concerning the efficiency of the Hongkong Police Force, to which it seems desirable to draw early and serious attention.\n\n2. The European and Indian portion of the Force number nearly 300 strong, they are armed with rifles, and it is very essential for many reasons that they should be a drilled and disciplined body capable, when required, of united action. These reasons arise partly from the nature and ordinary functions of the Hongkong Police, partly from the duties which might fall to their share during a time of emergency.\n\n3. In dealing with this force it would be well to dismiss all recollections of the corresponding body in England. The Hongkong Police, however, presents a close analogy to the Royal Irish Constabulary. Like them they are an armed force; like them much of their duties lie amid a passively or actively hostile population, while the Lily and Triad secret societies organisations are more widely spread even than the Fenian Brotherhood, or the band Invincibles. The Hongkong Police are, moreover, often called on to cope with not only individual criminals, but with bodies of armed men organised for the sake of crime. A short time ago a shop in the centre of the town was attacked by a large band of men and everyone acquainted with Hongkong knows how frequently the Police have been called upon to encounter armed gangs of pirates and smugglers.\n\nDe Robeck 1/4\n\nMr. Wingfield.\n\nMr. Bramston.\n\nXM\n\nMr. Meade.\n\nSir R. Herbert.\n\nMr. Ashley\n\n16.\n\nLord Derby. ~16.\n\n353\n\n183 Hongkong 1972/84\n\nSir,\n\n258\n\n17 Feb. 84\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch No. 353 of the 26th of December last, reporting that you had decided for the future, and except in cases of urgency or of special instructions from Her Majesty's Government, all votes of public money in Hongkong should as a general rule forthwith be...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 324219,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "page_number": 251,
        "title": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "content_text": "12\n\ndes vaincus par le spectacle de ces atroces supplices dont le code annamite nous donne un terrible aperçu.\n\nLorsque nous fûmes amenés au Tonkin, nous trouvâmes ce malheureux pays courbé sous le joug de la tyrannie la plus cruelle, de l'oppression la plus insupportable et la plus savamment organisée. Les Tonkinois étaient systématiquement exclus de toutes les charges. Réduits au rang d'ilotes, ils ne pouvaient commercer en liberté; leur industrie était gênée par des prohibitions excessives; ils ne purent même plus continuer l'exploitation des mines et des carrières. On ne voulait pas que, de quelque façon que ce fût, ils pussent se relever, montrer l'incontestable supériorité qu'ils ont sur leurs vainqueurs dans les arts et dans l'industrie.\n\nOn laissa cependant aux Tonkinois l'agriculture. C'était pour l'Annam une nécessité absolue, par ce moyen seul il pouvait assurer sa propre subsistance; mais en cela même l'oppresseur ne laissa au malheureux vaincu que ce qu'il ne put pas lui ôter. Les Tonkinois purent et même durent cultiver; mais ils ne récoltaient pas ce qu'ils avaient semé. La plus grosse part était prélevée à titre d'impôt; sur le surplus, on prenait encore une portion à titre de vente forcée; on laissait au malheureux une part mesurée avec parcimonie et le reste, l'Annam le gardait en quelque sorte en réserve dans les greniers du laboureur lui-même, qui ne pouvait le vendre au dedans où la demande manquait et auquel des lois draconiennes défendaient l'exportation.\n\nLes Tonkinois se voyaient ainsi enserrés dans une savante et continuelle persécution, condamnés à travailler pour leurs oppresseurs en assurant leur subsistance ou accablés de corvées pour édifier contre eux-mêmes les moyens de domination. Heureux encore, ces pauvres opprimés, lorsqu'ils ne voyaient pas enlever leurs femmes et leurs filles qu'on allait vendre en Chine pour servir comme esclaves ou pour devenir, enfants encore, les lamentables victimes de la lubricité du maître.\n\nAussi, Messieurs, quels trésors de haine s'étaient accumulés au cœur des opprimés! Et c'est dans cette haine qu'il faut chercher l'une des causes de la merveilleuse et rapide conquête de Garnier.\n\n13\n\nN° 1889\n\nmulés au cœur des opprimés! Et c'est dans cette haine qu'il faut chercher l'une des causes de la merveilleuse et rapide conquête de Garnier.\n\nLorsque ces petites troupes de cinq ou six hommes s'avançaient intrépides sous les ordres de leurs jeunes chefs et sommaient de se rendre des citadelles défendues par deux mille soldats bien pourvus, bien munis, bien armés, cachés derrière de hautes et solides murailles bien bastionnées, et que ces citadelles se rendaient;\n\nLorsqu'à Ninh Binh dix-sept cents hommes vinrent déposer leurs armes aux pieds de l'élève Hautefeuille qu'escortaient deux matelots, n'est-ce pas parce que les Annamites savaient que derrière ces vaillants, il y avait tout un peuple qui les saluait comme des chefs et des libérateurs?\n\nLes mêmes causes existent encore aujourd'hui, et les faits récents prouvent qu'ils doivent produire les mêmes effets.\n\nLes traités de 1874 n'ont en effet pas mis fin à la savante persécution dont nous venons de parler et sous laquelle gémissent les Tonkinois. Aussi ont-ils toujours la même haine implacable, invincible; aussi veulent-ils toujours briser tout lien entre eux et le séculaire oppresseur; aussi, malgré cet affreux souvenir de Philastre, attendent-ils encore de nous leur libération, prêts à se jeter dans nos bras, mais prêts aussi, il faut bien le dire, à se donner à quiconque, à notre défaut, leur promettra la délivrance.\n\nCet état des choses et des esprits au Tonkin est constaté par tous ceux qui ont vu de près, et la presse de toute nationalité en Chine, au Japon et dans toutes ces régions ne se fait pas faute de le reconnaître. «Les Tonkinois sont bien décidément pour la France, dit un journal anglais de Shanghaï, citant son confrère de Hong-kong, les mandarins d'Hué sont cruels et rapaces; les soi-disant libérateurs chinois sont arrivés comme une bande de voleurs, prêts à faire cause commune avec les pirates. Sans contredit, dans ces circonstances, la partie est actuellement gagnée par la France; toute indé-\n\n4\n\n247",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883.txt",
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    {
        "id": 415045,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-349 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 334,
        "title": "CO129-349 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "# 328\n\nto this Colony, after a long official training in another Colony, could not fail to form; after a little while I found that it coincided with an already existing opinion in the Colony, and my present very strong views are shared by many who know the circumstances. Your Excellency's predecessor used to say that he \"hated law, and thought lawyers a nuisance\", and I was then often tempted to think that this spirit governed the relations of the Government with the Judicial Department. At times before Your Excellency's arrival these relations have seemed to me to be so bad that I have been inclined to request the Secretary of State to appoint a Commission to enquire into the matter. But my tendency is always to make the best of things, to avoid causing trouble except where absolutely necessary, and so I have shrugged my shoulders and allowed the matter to slumber. There is too a social aspect of the question which is peculiarly exasperating, but I do not intend to trouble Your Excellency with any special reference to it.\n\n2. Your Excellency will do me the justice of recognising that very soon after your arrival in the Colony I hinted that matters were not in a very satisfactory condition; and since that time I have repeatedly alluded to it, urging Your Excellency to discuss the question in conversation in a friendly and informal manner. An hour's talk, with a belief on Your Excellency's side that I was discussing a matter with which I was fully conversant, that I had no ulterior motive in bringing it to Your Excellency's notice save the promotion of a better understanding, and the consequent saving of much correspondence, would have put Your Excellency in the possession of the facts, and would have, I am certain, convinced Your Excellency that better understanding was necessary and could easily have been arrived at. Your Excellency has expressed an almost invincible aversion to such a conversation as I have desired; and therefore Your Excellency has but an imperfect knowledge of the whole circumstances which I have in my mind.\n\n3.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-349 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [10-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 415059,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-349 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 348,
        "title": "CO129-349 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "# \n342 \n\n## COPY\n\nDear Sir Francis Piggott,\n\nGovernment House, \nHongkong, 13th November, '08\n\nIn your official letter of November \n6th you say that I have expressed an almost invincible aversion to a conversation with yourself, at which in a friendly and informal manner you might have been able to put me in possession of facts which would convince me that a better understanding was necessary and could easily be arrived at.\n\nI have no aversion to such a conversation, and I should indeed be most happy if it brought about the results you anticipate. My view has been that where there was some definite controversial point it was better to have it in writing, so that I could inform myself as to antecedent conditions and precedents, or correspondence.\n\nMany such points have formed the subject of what has become in the aggregate a very voluminous correspondence. If you would desire to have the conversation you refer to I will endeavour to arrange an early date.\n\nYours very truly,\n**(Sd) P.D. LUGARD.**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-349 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [10-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 428180,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 105,
        "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "20\n\n2\n\nhowever much the Central Government may affect to disregard them, and the account received of the above assembly confirms the general impression that the strong local patriotism of these representative bodies will tend to weaken the authority of the Peking Government over the provinces. This authority is none too strong at present, and might well find itself in difficulties should it conflict with, for example, the assembly at Changsha, which, through its leading member, has declared its determination to secure the fullest advantage for Hunan, regardless apparently of the interests of the other provinces or of the Empire. By means of a body called the Political Association, the Hunan parliament has made it clear to the provincial authorities that it intends to be consulted on every question, whether political or municipal, and the Customs Taotai has informed His Majesty's consul that he dare not take any action which might promote foreign interests without the permission of this body, even if the foreign demand be strictly in accordance with treaty provisions. The association has already prevented the settlement of two cases, while the president of the parliament is taking the foremost place in the agitation against the foreign railway loan. There seems therefore reason to fear that, however distasteful in some respects the attitude of the provincial assemblies may prove to the Central Government, the latter may in future find themselves in the happy position of being enabled to produce parliamentary resolutions proving invincible local opposition to claims, however justified by treaty or equity, presented by foreign Governments.\n\nIt should be noted in this connection that the assembly at Nanking is providing for unceasing watchfulness over the action of the executive authorities by the permanent residence in the capital of a committee of twenty-five deputies who will act as a supervisory council when the assembly is not in session. The legation has as yet received no information as to whether any other assemblies have adopted this measure.\n\nEducational.\n\nThe following particulars concerning Tsingtao University may be of interest, as this institution is generally regarded as a successful effort on the part of the Germans towards meeting the wishes of the Chinese Government, and is often quoted with approval as against the scheme of Lord William Cecil to found a university for Chinese on what is described as Oxford and Cambridge lines.\n\nThe great feature of the university, and one on which the Chinese Government particularly insisted, is that religious instruction, of any kind whatever, is strictly prohibited. Chinese influence is further safeguarded by the stipulation which provides for the appointment by the Chinese authorities themselves not only of all Chinese teachers, but also of a Chinese Director of Studies, who is to be independent of the Head of the University. Both the Central Board of Education and the Shantung authorities will inspect the college from time to time, while the former will send a deputy to assist in holding the examinations. Students who, after completing their course, enter a Chinese university, are to receive official rank on the same terms as other students in China, but the degrees conferred by the Tsingtao University do not of themselves entitle the holders to official recognition.\n\nOn the whole it appears that the arrangement is by no means so favourable to the Germans as was at first supposed. The dual control involved by the appointment of an independent Chinese director is an awkward point; but more troublesome still will probably prove to be the stipulation that students who wish to enter official life must undergo the delay and expense of a second university course in China. The German press has raised vigorous protests against this clause, which certainly promises to hamper the institution. In spite, however, of the above concessions to Chinese pride, native opinion is very largely one of suspicion as to the German motives, and the wrong-headed ingenuity of the native press critics finds no difficulty in criticising the best-meant efforts to consider Chinese susceptibilities. Though, for example, native educational establishments have never been remarkable for studying the physical welfare of their pupils, one of the accusations hurled against the Germans is that they have of set purpose given bodily training no very prominent place in the curriculum, with the object of lowering the Chinese national physique.\n\nApart from the efforts of the Germans at Tsingtao, Shantung has for some time past been a scene of enthusiastic educational activity, but the province has lately suffered a keenly felt humiliation in that out of seventy students sent to Peking for examination not a single one qualified. This province therefore may probably not be allowed to send the four students to America, for which purpose a sum of 600,000 taels had been earmarked on behalf of Shantung out of the portion of the Boxer indemnity returned by the United States.\n\nAs regards the students who return to China after finishing their course of study in America, a native newspaper has recently published an attack on this class of young men, who, it states with some justice, are, on the whole, far from fulfilling expectations. They are accused of returning to China either notoriously idle and dissipated or imbued with an unscrupulous greed for dollars. The journal does not add, as well it might, that these students are in many cases characterised by that fatal conceit which proceeds from semi-education.\n\nJudicial.\n\nThe question has been raised both at Newchwang and Tientsin as to the rights of foreign consulates to be represented by an assessor in all mixed cases dealt with by the new tribunals known as Shen Pan Ting. This is no new question as far as the Tientsin court is concerned, where it had to all appearance been satisfactorily settled early in the current year, the British assessor being given a seat on the bench and exercising the right to intervene in the proceedings. The Taotai has recently, however, circularised the Tientsin consular body to the effect that the assessors must in future occupy seats behind the magistrate, and refrain from putting questions to, or receiving statements from, plaintiffs or defendants. In short, the procedure is to revert to what the Taotai, in words which recall the terms employed in Chinese documents when the foreigners were still officially \"barbarians,\" declares to have been the practice at the time the Shen Pan Ting was established, namely, that \"the Chinese magistrate alone carried out the examination and delivered judgment, after which the foreign assessor humbly took his departure.\" This statement can be proved incorrect by the records of His Majesty's consulate-general.\n\nPending settlement of this question cases will have to stand over at the Tientsin court even as in Newchwang, where the consular body have taken the matter up, and where His Majesty's consul still adheres to his attitude, reported in my last summary, of ignoring the Shen Pan Ting, and referring all cases to the Taotai himself for settlement. Judging from all accounts received, the Shen Pan Ting would appear to be, except for a few isolated instances of recovery of debts owing to foreigners by Chinese, a complete failure, according to the European standard of justice. Those tribunals are, however, in some respects a considerable improvement on the old Chinese system. The facts that the public are admitted into the courts and that reports of the decisions are inserted in the press act as a wholesome deterrent against injustice, while press criticisms not infrequently elicit from the magistrates letters of excuse or explanation similar to those which a certain well-known London periodical extorts from the victims of its \"Legal Pillory.\"\n\nAmongst the many improvements which the Government of Shantung are endeavouring to introduce, judicial reform is by no means the least important. It has often been said that the great obstacle to improvements in Chinese administration lies in the fact that in most cases reforms have to be carried into practice by unreformed officials; but in Shantung, at any rate, the governor seems to have realised that the establishment of new law courts ought to be conditional on the existence of a body of officials competent to administer the law and, if possible, uninfluenced by the corrupt traditions of the past. With this principle in view, the work of reorganising the provincial school of jurisprudence has been taken in hand in a manner which, if persisted in, may lead to good results, the axiom—not often considered in Chinese educational establishments—being laid down that only good salaries will attract good professors. It is to be hoped that the influence of the students passed out of this regenerated school will be strong enough to overcome the traditions of Chinese officialdom, and that the new Shantung courts will not share the fate of the Shen Pan Ting at Newchwang, which has already fallen from its original clean standard, and is now becoming notorious for the rapacity of its subordinate officials.\n\nFrontier Affairs.\n\nReports from Batang show that considerable military preparations are being pushed forward in that district, presumably with a view towards the subjection of some of the unruly tribes in the Tibetan marches of Szechuan. Great secrecy is observed by the local officials in regard to the Viceroy's plans, but the Batang\n\n3\n\nFRECO\n\n2765\n\n104",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910.txt",
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    {
        "id": 435034,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 448,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# [This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n18\n\nother than those of the transport required for ordinary administrative operations during the open season. The threat of a British boycott appears to have been staved off for the present, but it is evident that under existing conditions the Chinese hold a strong position in regard to the supply of mules for purposes of transport, administrative or military, in the districts of Upper Burmah.\n\n## Conclusion\n\nThe events of the past year, and more especially of the last two months, have been of the greatest interest in affording some clue to the probable attitude of the Chinese in the future towards this frontier of Yunnan. They have raised this new army, which is full of enthusiasm and self-confidence, and it seems to have given them an exaggerated view of their own powers and possibilities. The fact that they have managed to press their way through the Thibetan border States and on to Lhassa inspired for a moment a belief in their invincible power, and has doubtless had much to do with the strong and unfriendly attitude which was so constantly manifested towards British interests during the past year. Even after the advance of the column from Myitkyina they appear to have had no doubts as to their eventual success in forcing the hand of Burmah, and with the aid of a British boycott of compelling us to accept their terms, an attitude of mind which was well illustrated by the taotai at Namkham. I believe that the Lweje manoeuvres were the real turning point; they were astounded and really alarmed at the reports of big guns, cavalry, and a force which would have overwhelmed even that new modern garrison, and so their opposition collapsed at once. I have no definite information in regard to the position around Hpimaw beyond the telegram from Mr. Hertz reporting the rumour of an occupation by 300 Chinese. Both the taotai and the frontier deputy, however, have frequently assured me that there are no Chinese troops to the west of the watershed, or indeed north of Yungchang, and their statements appear to be confirmed by the rumours of passing travellers. The frontier deputy tells me that he will leave for Hpimaw early in April to try and negotiate with Mr. Hertz, if he is still there, or presumably to try and improve the situation if the district is no longer occupied by British troops. My information throughout the season and my own strong conviction has been to the effect that the Chinese will not risk hostilities with us, and circumstances appear to indicate that, in the words of the Abbé Hue, they will continue to be \"Strong to the weak and weak to the strong.\" It is for this reason that a speedy settlement appears desirable, whilst a local settlement would probably bring these Chinese frontier officials to a reasonable mind. They are full of courage and ideas when they can sit in their yamêns and telegraph plausible suggestions to their superiors, but I anticipate a more healthy and sounder frame of mind when they are themselves face to face with the hard geological realities of the actual frontier, with a little physical hardship and direct personal relations.\n\nAs long as they are convinced that His Majesty's Government is in earnest in forbidding Chinese interference beyond the watershed, and that the Government of Burmah is ready to enforce this decision by a display of arms if necessary,\n\nI feel confident that the Chinese will be ready to negotiate with us on reasonable terms, and to settle once for all the long-standing question of this frontier line.\n\nI fear that this report has reached an undue length, but the conditions of this isolated post lie so far apart from those of a consul's customary line of activity, that I have been tempted to record the results of my experience before leaving the frontier, whilst submitting my views on those points where local conditions may possibly throw some light on the solution of the great question of India's Chinese neighbour, and, in submitting this report, I trust that the unusual nature of my task may win for me forgiveness if an excess of zeal has sometimes led me beyond the borders of my legitimate and recognised sphere.\n\nTangyueh, February 25, 1911.\n\n**ARCHIBALD ROSE**\n\n## AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n\n18097\n\n[April 11.]\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n`REC2`\n\n&\n\n## SECTION 2\n\n`RESP 16 JUN 11`\n\n### No. 1\n\n[13436]\n\n**India Office to Foreign Office.—(Received April 11.)**\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for India presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, by direction of Viscount Morley, forwards herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State, copy of enclosures in a letter from the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, dated the 23rd March, 1911, relative to the Pien-ma expedition.\n\nIndia Office, April 10, 1911.\n\n**(Confidential.)**\n\nSir,\n\n### Enclosure 1 in No. 1\n\n**Government of Burmah to Government of India**\n\nRangoon, March 13, 1911. WITH reference to the correspondence ending with your telegram dated the 2nd March, 1911, regarding the delimitation of the northern section of the Burmah--China boundary beyond Manangpum, I am directed to submit, for the information of the Government of India, a note on the undelimited portion of the frontier dated the 24th February, 1911, by Mr. W. A. Hertz, deputy commissioner, written by him at Bamyaw, near Htawgaw.\n\n2. The note gives a clear account of the extent to which Chinese claims to territory west of the main watershed have been found to be well-established, and Mr. Hertz makes detailed suggestions as to the terms on which negotiations with China for the determination of the frontier line may suitably be based.\n\nThe examination made by Mr. Hertz of the territory in question has shown that, as was stated by Mr. Litton in 1905, there is no foundation in fact for the territorial claims made by the Tientan headman to the Chipwi valley, by the Tatang fuyi to the Gawyawm and Chikgaw villages in the middle Ngawchang valley, and by the Mingkwang fuyi to Ipare and other villages in the Hkansheng valley, In a few cases presents of small value have been exchanged periodically, but the villages concerned deny that they have paid tribute or are in any way subject to the Chinese chiefs, and there is no evidence that any attempt has been made by the Chinese to administer these tracts. The lieutenant-governor considers that in the negotiations with China the alleged claims to these villages by the Chinese Government or by the local chiefs should be definitely and finally repudiated.\n\n3. There remain the claims of the Tengkeng fuyi to the Hpimaw group of villages, to Gawlam and to other villages on the upper waters of the Ngawchang River. According to Mr. Hertz these villages were at one time under the Lung-pang chief.\n\nIn consequence of a quarrel with this chief they called upon the Tengkeng fuyi for assistance, and have since for many years paid tribute to the Tengkong fuyi, There would seem to have been no active or continued administration of the villages by the fuyi, but they have to some extent adopted Chinese habits and customs, and the lieutenant-governor is disposed to accept Mr. Hertz's view that in so far as these villages are concerned the Chinese claim should be acknowledged.\n\n4. Mr. Hertz suggests three alternative courses for dealing with the tract. They are-\n\n| Course | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (1.) | That we should compensate the fuyi for the loss of the tract by a lump sum payment of money; |\n| (2.) | That we should lease the tract either from the Chinese Government or from the fuyi himself; or |\n| (3.) | That the boundary line should be modified and should include in Chinese territory the tract to the west of the watershed in which these villages are situated. |\n\n[1974 -2]\n\nB\n\n443\n\n事",
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    {
        "id": 459745,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-430 - Others & Individuals - 1915",
        "page_number": 600,
        "title": "CO129-430 - Others & Individuals - 1915",
        "content_text": "these measures do not mean War, and that we shall continue to negotiate for the welfare of our two countries and the universal peace which is so dear to our hearts................\n\n\"\n\nThat was conciliatory, was it not? Apparently Berlin wishes however to make out that this and the other telegrams of the Czar were not sincere. The title of the White-Book clearly implies this. Russia's Ruler is stated to have betrayed Germany's confidence.\n\nOf course, Germany's peremptory demand for Russia to stop:\n\n\"every measure of War against Germany and Austria-Hungary within 12 hours and to notify her definitely to this effect\"\n\ncould have only one possible effect, namely War- which Germany declared upon Russia on the following day (in the afternoon of the 1st of August). I ask again, as in the case of the Austrian ultimatum to Servia, did and could Germany expect of Russia to stop every measure of War against Austria?\n\nThe Imperial Chancellor is reported to have stated in the Reichstag on the 4th of August:\n\n\"It is true that the French Government has declared at Brussels that France is willing to respect the neutrality of Belgium, so long as her opponent respects it. We knew, however, that France stood ready for the invasion.\n\ncould wait, but we could not.\"\n\nFrance\n\nWas it perhaps Germany's impatience, coupled with the knowledge of a ready and hitherto invincible Army, which caused the war? That would be an alternative.\n\nIf so, and right as it was that Germany should have as large an Army and Navy as she cared to, in order to prevent possible aggression by her neighbours, then those people who held that the temptation to use these forces for other than preventive purposes might one day prove too strong for Germany, have after all\n\n26\n\nbeen right. Germany's war-machine was indeed so perfect and powerful that the slightest jar was apt to start it!\n\nX... writes that he does not know what Prussian militarism is. In my letters, I differentiated between the individual peaceful German and the Prussian militarist. If X. has read Prince von Bülow's \"Imperial Germany,\" he will know that this Prince makes almost the same distinction. He describes Prussia as: \"this rude and thoroughly prosaic State\" which \"is still (in 1913) in all essentials a State of soldiers and officials\"; whilst, according to this German high authority: \"German intellectual life is the work of the Southern and Western German domains.\" You see, I am in good company.\n\nThese are at any rate the honest conclusions-- come to after a study of Germany's own White-Book- of one who would be only too glad to see the German people re-installed in the respect of all those who, like him, have admired their great attainments when, in patient pursuit and study, bent upon developing the industries and arts of peace; of one, who continues in his regret that the German Emperor, with all his manifold virtues and proved desire for peace, has after all been unable to escape the traditions of the Prussian Kings. Men cannot escape their fate! and, of all the tragedies of this lamentable War, this is perhaps one of the greatest.\n\nI\n\nagree with X... that some of our papers have been printing a good deal of nonsense. However, printers' ink is cheap and one only reflects how some people like to be fed with sensational news. This does not necessarily mean that they believe what they read, X... must not overlook however the German papers (and the pro-German ones in America), particularly their preaching of Hatred; most inconsistent for a people who are so confident of their superior Kultur, and whose Ruler invokes (and claims) the\n\n27\n\n579\n\nPage 600\n\nPage 601",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]",
        "page_number": 490,
        "title": "CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11]",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure 15.\n\nEXTRACT.\n\nParis, Sept. 7— M. Pierre Mille, in a striking article in the \"Times\" describes a visit paid by some French visitors to the British fleet, and gives his countrymen some idea of the immensity of British supremacy.\n\nIt may be stated that the irresistible naval power of Great Britain will remain inaccessible to the enemy until Britain pleases and engages in the final victorious battle.\n\nBritish naval strength is more than formidable, it is invincible through the number and greatness of its vessels. Admiral Jellicoe, who commands the Fleet in being, has no less than 5,000 ships of all sorts under his orders. All this power lies with steam up, ready for instant action, the so-activity is perpetual, and immobility of the Fleet de officiers is mobility.\n\nAs immense dry-dock and a whole organisation of workshops and machinery for the repair and armament of super-Dreadnoughts have risen along the banks of the Forth, where Admiral Lowry has under his orders 6,000 workmen. Forty locomotives are at work incessantly bearing away the mud dragged from the river every day.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-435 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1916 [9-11].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 484911,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-463 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 289,
        "title": "CO129-463 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "Page 282\n\nhas to contend with in the Japanese shipping, that unless sufficient inducements are shown to British shipping enterprises the same cannot be expected to flourish. The owners consider that British shipping companies should not be penalised in these times when Japanese shipping companies are building up enormous reserves, and will, unless British shipping is well fostered, become invincible competition in the not distant future, especially in the Far East.\n\nIn view of the working accounts enclosed herewith, in respect of which the owners invite full and complete investigation, the owners hope that His Excellency the Governor will see his way to very substantially increase the remuneration now offered.\n\nThe owners, whilst being desirous of assisting the Government in every possible way at this serious juncture, consider that their present request is not only reasonable, but such as they are justified in putting forward and pressing under the present circumstances.\n\nThe owners desire to make a further request which they also deem of vital importance to their interests, which is that a representative from amongst their ranks be appointed by His Excellency the Governor to the sub-committee of the London Shipping Controller, and of his Deputy in the Far East.\n\nThis letter is written without prejudice to the owners' rights in every respect, and must not be construed as an admission in any way.\n\nWe have, etc.\n\nDeacon, Looker, Descon & Harston.",
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    {
        "id": 492808,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 161,
        "title": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "14\n\nWe are instructed by the owners of the Steamships \"Telemachus\", \"Pheumpenh\", \"Haimon\", \"Brisbane\", \"Wollowra\", \"Manapouri\", \"Castlefield\" and \"Patriot\" to represent their interests generally, and particularly as to the remuneration which the Government propose to pay under the above scheme.\n\nThe owners have now had the advantage of considering the information which was imparted by the Assistant Colonial Secretary at the Meeting at the Sanitary Board Office held on the 28th March last, when they were informed that the Government propose to pay tramp Blue Book rates, as to one third thereof at an exchange of 2/- to the pound, and as to the balance at the rate of exchange of the day of payment, plus 2/8 per ton for Eastern service, and 5% on the net profits in consideration of the services of the owners in running the ships on behalf of the Government.\n\nThe owners instruct us they have also had a number of Meetings amongst themselves, at which the Government's proposals have been most carefully considered and discussed.\n\nThe owners have come to the conclusion that the remuneration offered by the Government is not only wholly inadequate but must result in a heavy loss to the owners.\n\nEach of the owners has, in respect of his ship, made out a working account, based on the previous working expenses of his ship, and each individual item, although approximate only, can be substantiated by the owners' books, which books the owners are prepared to produce for inspection to the Government at any time.\n\n17\n\nWe enclose herewith working accounts of the steamships \"Telemachus,\" \"Pheumpenh,\" \"Haimun,\" \"Brisbane,\" \"Wollowra,\" \"Manapouri,\" \"Castlefield\" and \"Patriot.\"\n\nFrom a perusal of such working accounts it will be seen that when the remuneration proposed to be paid by the Government is placed against the working expenses, the result is a very substantial monthly loss in each individual case.\n\nUnless the Government are prepared to very substantially increase the remuneration, bankruptcy or liquidation will be the inevitable outcome.\n\nFrom a perusal of the working accounts, the result appears to be as follows:\n\nS.S. Telemachusa monthly loss of $3,211.65\n\"Pheumpenh\"$4,735.73\n\"Haimun\"$2,849.69\n\"Brisbane\"$997.00\n\"Wollowra\"$4,295.50\n\"Manapouri\"$948.00\n\"Castlefield\"$595.75\n\"Patriot\"a very substantial loss in view of the requisition of the S.S. \"Wollowra.\"\n\nThe owners feel certain that His Excellency will appreciate the extraordinary competition which British shipping has to contend with in the Japanese shipping, that unless sufficient inducements are shown to British shipping enterprise the same cannot be expected to flourish. The owners consider that British shipping Companies should not be penalised in these times when Japanese shipping Companies are building up enormous reserves, and will, unless British shipping is well fostered, become invincible competitors in the not distant future, especially in the Far East.\n\nIn view of the working accounts enclosed herewith, in respect of which the owners invite full and complete investigation, the owners hope that His Excellency the Governor will see his way to very substantially increase the remuneration now offered.\n\nThe owners, whilst being desirous of assisting the Government in every possible way at this serious juncture, consider that their present request is not only reasonable, but such as they are justified in putting forward and pressing under the present circumstances.\n\nThe owners desire to make a further request which they also deem of vital importance to their interests, which is that a representative from amongst their ranks be appointed by His Excellency the Governor to the sub-committee of the London Shipping Controller, and of his Deputy in the Far East.\n\nThis letter is written without prejudice to the owners' rights in every respect, and must not be construed as an admission in any way.\n\nWe have the honour to be, Sir,\n\nYour obedient servants,\n\n(Sd.) DEACON, LOOKER, DEACON & HARSTON.\n\nThe Hon. COLONIAL SECRETARY.\n\n3. On the 19th day of April 1918 our said Solicitors addressed the following letter to the Honourable Colonial Secretary:\n\n19th April, 1918.\n\nWe have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 15th instant, No.13456/1916.\n\nWe have placed the above letter before our clients who are the owners of the ships referred to in our letter of the 11th instant.\n\nOur clients much regret that His Excellency cannot see his way to increase the proposed remuneration, because, as you state, His Excellency is at present bound by instructions from home, but our clients note with pleasure that His Excellency is prepared to assist our clients in every possible way.\n\n159",
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    {
        "id": 492870,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 223,
        "title": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "We are instructed by the owners of the Steamships \"Telemachus\", \"Haimun\", \"Brisbane\", \"Wollowra\", \"Manapouri\", \"Castlefield\" and \"Patriot\" to represent their interests generally, and particularly as to the remuneration which the Government propose to pay under the above scheme.\n\nThe owners have now had the advantage of considering the information which was imparted by the Assistant Colonial Secretary at the Meeting at the Sanitary Board Office held on the 28th March last, when they were informed that the Government propose to pay tramp Blue Book rates, as to one third thereof at an exchange of 2/- to the pound, and as to the balance at the rate of exchange of the day of payment, plus 2/8 per ton for Eastern service, and 5% on the net profits in consideration of the services of the owners in running the ships on behalf of the Government.\n\nThe owners instruct us they have also had a number of Meetings amongst themselves, at which the Government's proposals have been most carefully considered and discussed.\n\nThe owners have come to the conclusion that the remuneration offered by the Government is not only wholly inadequate but must result in a heavy loss to the owners.\n\nEach of the owners has, in respect of his ship, made out a working account, based on the previous working expenses of his ship, and each individual item, although approximate only, can be substantiated by the owners' books, which books the owners are prepared to produce for inspection to the Government at any time.\n\nWe enclose herewith working accounts of the steamships \"Telemachus\", \"Haimun\", \"Brisbane\", \"Wollowra\", \"Manapouri\", \"Castlefield\" and \"Patriot\".\n\nFrom a perusal of such working accounts it will be seen that when the remuneration proposed to be paid by the Government is placed against the working expenses, the result is a very substantial monthly loss in each individual case.\n\nUnless the Government are prepared to very substantially increase the remuneration, bankruptcy or liquidation will be the inevitable outcome.\n\nFrom a perusal of the working accounts, the result appears to be as follows:-\n\n  \n    \"Telemachus\"\n    a monthly loss of $3,211.65\n  \n  \n    \"Haimun\"\n    $2,849.69\n  \n  \n    \"Brisbane\"\n    $997.00\n  \n  \n    \"Wollowra\"\n    $4,295.50\n  \n  \n    \"Manapouri\"\n    $948.00\n  \n  \n    \"Castlefield\"\n    $595.75\n  \n  \n    \"Patriot\"\n    $4,735.73\n  \n\nIt is well known and has often been pronounced by His Excellency the Governor that the shipping at Hongkong is the life blood of the Colony, that without shipping this Colony cannot exist.\n\nThe owners feel certain that His Excellency will appreciate the extraordinary competition which British shipping has to contend with in the Japanese shipping, that unless sufficient inducements are shown to British shipping enterprise the same cannot be expected to flourish.\n\nThe owners consider that British shipping Companies should not be penalised in these times when Japanese shipping Companies are building up enormous reserves, and will, unless British shipping is well fostered, become invincible competitors in the not distant future, especially in the Far East.\n\nIn view of the working accounts enclosed herewith, in respect of which the owners invite full and complete investigation, the owners hope that His Excellency the Governor will see his way to very substantially increase the remuneration now offered.\n\nThe owners, whilst being desirous of assisting the Government in every possible way at this serious juncture, consider that their present request is not only reasonable, but such as they are justified in putting forward and pressing under the present circumstances.\n\nThe owners desire to make a further request which they also deem of vital importance to their interests, which is that a representative from amongst their ranks be appointed by His Excellency the Governor to the sub-committee of the London Shipping Controller, and of his Deputy in the Far East.\n\nThis letter is written without prejudice to the owners' rights in every respect, and must not be construed as an admission in any way.\n\nWe have the honour to be, Sir,\n\nYour obedient servants,\n\n(Sd.) Deacos, Looker, Deacos & Harstos.\n\nThe Hon. COLONIAL SECRETARY.\n\n3. On the 19th day of April 1918 our said Solicitors addressed the following letter to the Honourable Colonial Secretary :—\n\n19th April, 1918.\n\nSir,\n\nRe Hongkong Shipping Control Scheme,\n\nWe have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 15th instant, No. 13456/1916.\n\nWe have placed the above letter before our clients who are the owners of the ships referred to in our letter of the 11th instant.\n\nOur clients much regret that His Excellency cannot see his way to increase the proposed remuneration, because, as you state, His Excellency is at present bound by instructions from home, but our clients note with pleasure that His Excellency is prepared to assist our clients in every possible way.\n\nPage 219\n\n \n\nPage 219 \n\nPage 219",
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        "document_key": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 231,
        "title": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "226\n\nTEE\n\nThe owners instruct us they have also had a number of meetings amongst themselves, at which the Government's proposals have been most carefully considered and discussed.\n\nThe explanation is the fall in exchange, which affected the accounts in every department of the Government service. The estimates for 1921 were based on a rate of 3s. 4d., and the average for the year is 2s. 8d.\n\nI might mention that, against this sum of $1,001,262.12 is offset a considerably larger saving of some $2 million in the five main heads of expenditure which are not shown in this Bill.\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL seconded, and the Bill was read a first time.\n\nTHE INDEMNITY BILL.\n\nPETITION PRESENTED BY LOCAL SHIPOWNERS.\n\nThe ATTORNEY GENERAL moved the second reading of the Bill intituled An Ordinance to restrict the taking of legal proceedings in respect of certain acts and matters done during the war and to provide in certain cases remedies in substitution therefor.\n\nThe COLONIAL SECRETARY seconded.\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL: Sir, certain interested persons wish to be heard by counsel upon this Bill and I beg to move that they now be so heard.\n\nThe Hon. MR. PARR: I second that.\n\nThe resolution was carried.\n\nMr. C.-G. ALABASTER, O.B.E., barrister-at-law, then addressed the Council. He said: May it please Your Excellency, and honourable members of the Legislative Council, I propose, with your permission, to follow the practice that was adopted when counsel was heard on the Rents Bill and to read the petition which has been presented to-day, supplementing it, if necessary, by commenting on it as I read it.\n\nThe owners have come to the conclusion that the remuneration offered by the Government is not only wholly inadequate but must result in a heavy loss to the owners.\n\nEach of the owners has, in respect of his ship, made out a working account, based on the previous working expenses of his ship, and each individual item, although approximate only, can be substantiated by the owners' books, which books the owners are prepared to produce for inspection to the Government at any time.\n\nWe enclose herewith working accounts of the steamships Telemachus, Pheuni-penh, Haimun, Brisbane, Wollowra, Manapouri, Castlefield and Patriot.\n\nFrom a perusal of the working accounts, it will be seen that when the remuneration proposed to be paid by the Government is placed against the working expenses, the result is a very substantial monthly loss in each individual case.\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL: ...\n\n[Page break: Page 227]\n\n...\n\nShould the above scheme have been brought into operation under the powers referred to in (a) above it is obvious from the decision in The China Mutual Steam Navigation Co., Ltd. v. Maclay reported in 1918, L.R.B. page 331 that although the Board of Arbitration referred to in the Proclamation of the 3rd August, 1913, might have powers to assess the remuneration on a requisition basis it clearly has no power to assess the remuneration and compensation under the above scheme; consequently whether the above scheme has been brought into operation under the legislation referred to in (a) above or under other legislation not referred to in this letter or merely by mutual agreement between the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty and the owners, or failing such agreement, by the Award of a Board of Arbitration to be constituted and appointed for the purpose.\n\nBy a Proclamation in the London Gazette of the 3rd August, 1914, the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty by Warrant under the hand of their Secretary, or under the hand of any Flag Officer of His Majesty's Navy holding any appointment under the Admiralty, are entitled to requisition and take for service any British ship or British vessel as defined in the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, within the British Isles or the waters adjacent thereto, for such period or time as may be necessary, on condition that the owners of all ships and vessels so requisitioned shall receive pay for their use and for services rendered during their employment in the Government service and compensation for loss or damage thereby occasioned according to the terms to be arranged as soon as possible after the said ship has been taken up.\n\nBy an Order-in-Council dated the 28th of June, 1917, by way of amendment to the Regulations called \"the Defence of the Realm Regulations\" under the Defence of the Realm (Consolidation) Act 1914, it is provided by Regulation 39 that:\n\n1. The Shipping Controller may make orders regulating and giving directions in respect of the nature of the trades in which ships are to be employed, the traffic to be carried therein, and the terms and conditions on which the trade is to be carried, the ports at which cargo is to be loaded or discharged or passengers embark or disembark (including directions requiring ships to proceed to specified ports for the purpose of loading or unloading cargo or embarking or disembarking passengers) the ports at which consignees of cargo are to take delivery thereof, the rates (maxima or minima) to be charged for freight or hire of ships and the carriage of passengers, the form of bills of lading and passenger certificates, and other matters affecting shipping where it appears to the Controller necessary or expedient to make such order for the purpose of making shipping available to the needs of the country, in such manner as to make the best use thereof having regard to the circumstances of the time.\n\n2. Any Order made under this Regulation may contain such provisions as to inspection of books and documents or otherwise as may appear to the Controller necessary or expedient for the purpose of his duties.\n\nThe owners desire us to represent as strongly as possible to His Excellency the Governor that it is most inequitable that the shipping trade of this Colony should be selected as the only industry to be taxed.\n\nIt is well known and has often been pronounced by His Excellency the Governor that the shipping at Hongkong is the life blood of the Colony, that without shipping this Colony cannot exist.\n\nThe owners feel certain that His Excellency will appreciate the extraordinary competition which British shipping has to contend with in the Japanese Shipping, that unless sufficient inducements are shown to British shipping enterprise the same cannot be expected to flourish.\n\nThe owners consider that British shipping companies are building up enormous reserves and will, unless British Shipping is well fostered, become invincible competitors in the not distant future, especially in the Far East.\n\nThe enclosed letter received the consideration of the Committee of the Ship Owners Protection Association of Hongkong this morning who have instructed us to state that in view of your letter of the 24th April last No. 216 1918 they very substantially increase the remuneration now offered.\n\nThe owners, whilst being desirous of assisting the Government in every possible way at this serious juncture, consider that their present request is not only reasonable, but such as they are justified in putting forward and pressing under the present circumstances.\n\nOur clients desire to state that they do not consider that the present members of the Sub-Committee here of the S.B. London Shipping Controller are in a position to fully or adequately represent our clients' interest or that they should be called upon to do so.\n\nFurthermore, our clients feel that a local Board of Arbitration is essential as local conditions must be taken into consideration.\n\nOur clients desire us to state that it is not their desire or intention to oppose or hinder the Government in any way, but to secure for themselves a just and adequate remuneration, under the circumstances.\n\nFrom a perusal of the working accounts, the result appears to be as follows:-\n\nS.S. Telemachus a monthly loss of $3,211.65\n\nS.S. Pheumpenh $4,735.75\n\nS.S. Haimun $2,949.69\n\nS.S. Brisbane $997.00\n\nS.S. Wollowra $4,205.30\n\nS.S. Manapouri $948.00\n\nS.S. Castlefield $395.75\n\nS.S. Patriot a very substantial loss in view of the requisition of the S.S. Wollowra.\n\nUnless the Government are prepared to very substantially increase the remuneration, bankruptcy or liquidation is the inevitable outcome.\n\nOur clients desire to state that they do not consider that the present members of the Sub-Committee here of the S.B. London Shipping Controller are in a position to fully or adequately represent our clients' interest or that they should be called upon to do so.\n\nCounsel then read the salient paragraphs of the following petition:\n\nTo the Hon. Mr. CLAUD SEVERN, LL.D.,\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government of the Colony of Hongkong for the time being and to the Members of the Legislative Council of the Colony of Hongkong.\n\nThe humble Petition of:-\n\nThe owners of the steamships Telemachus, Pheumpenh, Haimun, Brisbane, Wollowra, Manapouri, Castlefield and Patriot.\n\nSheweth as follows.\n\n1. On or about the month of March, 1918, the Government of Hongkong notified your Petitioners of their decision to bring the said steamships under Hongkong Government control.\n\n2. On the 11th day of April, 1918, our Solicitors Messrs. Deacon, Looker, Deacon and Harston addressed the following letter to the Honourable Colonial Secretary:-\n\n[Letter dated 11th April 1918]\n\nRe Hongkong Shipping Control Scheme.\n\nWe have the honour to address you with reference to the bringing under Government control of all steamers flying the British flag which have not yet been requisitioned for Imperial service, and whose ports of registry are either Hongkong or Shanghai.\n\nWe are instructed by the owners of the steamships Telemachus, Pheumpenh, Haimun, Brisbane, Wollowra, Manapouri, Castlefield and Patriot to represent their interests generally, and particularly as to the remuneration which the Government propose to pay under the above scheme.\n\nThe owners have now had the advantage of considering the information which was imparted by the Assistant Colonial Secretary at the Meeting at the Sanitary Board Office held on the 28th March last, when they were informed that the Government propose to pay the tramp Blue Book rates, as to one third thereof at an exchange of 2/- to the pound, and as to the balance at the rate of exchange of the day of payment, plus 2/8 per ton for Eastern service, and 5 per cent. on the net profits in consideration of the services of the owners in running the ships on behalf of the Government.\n\nAs far as we ourselves are aware, there are only two legislative authorities under which such a scheme could possibly be brought into operation, and a Proclamation published in the Hongkong Government Gazette on the 5th August, 1914, bringing into operation the Order-in-Council of the 26th October, 1896, it is provided-\n\n6. The Governor may require any person to supply any animals, vehicles, ships, boats, or other personal property belonging to or under the control of such person to the Government, if such property be required in aid of or in connection with the defence of the Colony, and, in default of the person supplying the same, may seize and take possession of and retain such animals, vehicles, boats or other personal property for such purposes.\n\n12. The Governor shall, out of the public funds of the Colony, pay to every person who shall be required to do any personal service by virtue of this Order such remuneration and to every person whose property shall be taken or temporarily taken possession of or removed or destroyed by virtue of this Order such compensation as shall be agreed on between the Governor and such person, and in default of agreement, such remuneration or compensation as shall be awarded by the Board hereinafter mentioned whose award shall be final.\n\n13. For the purpose of determining the amount of any remuneration or compensation payable under this Order, the Governor shall appoint a Board consisting of five persons, of whom one shall be a Judge or Stipendiary Magistrate, two shall be officers either in the Civil Government of the Colony or in His Majesty's naval or military service and the other two shall be inhabitants of the Colony.\n\n[Page break: Page 228]\n\n...\n\nThe PRESIDENT: I think, perhaps, as a printed copy of the petition is in the hands of hon. members it will be unnecessary to read every word.\n\nMr. ALABASTER: That will perhaps shorten it, but my instructions are to read it.\n\nPETITION.\n\nThe humble Petition of:-\n\nMessrs. The Douglas Steamship Co., Ltd.,\n\nMessrs. Moller & Co. (Shanghai), Ltd.,\n\nMessrs. Carmichael and Clarke of Hongkong, representing the owners of the steamship Brisbane.\n\nThe Luen Hing Steamship Co., Ltd., of Hongkong, the owners of the steamship Pheumpenh.\n\nThe Lai Hing Steamship Co., Ltd., of Hongkong, the owners of the steamship Telemachus.\n\nThe Po Shun Steamship Co., Ltd., of Hongkong, the owners of the steamship Haimun.\n\nThe Wollowra Steamship Co., Ltd., of Shanghai, the owners of the steamship Wollowra.\n\nMan Cheun of Hongkong, the owners of the steamship Lien Shing.\n\nSheweth as follows.\n\n1. On or about the month of March, 1918, the Government of Hongkong notified your Petitioners of their decision to bring the said steamships under Hongkong Government control.\n\n2. On the 11th day of April, 1918, our Solicitors Messrs. Deacon, Looker, Deacon and Harston addressed the following letter to the Honourable Colonial Secretary:-\n\n[Letter dated 11th April 1918]\n\nSIR,-\n\nRe The Hongkong Shipping Control Scheme.\n\nWe have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 15th instant, No. 13456/1916.\n\nOur clients much regret that His Excellency cannot see his way to increase the proposed remuneration, because, as you state, His Excellency is at present bound by instructions from home, but our clients note with pleasure that His Excellency is prepared to assist our clients in every possible way.\n\nOur clients are at present unaware what legislative authority the above scheme is being carried out, and would be grateful for some enlightenment on the subject.\n\nAs far as we ourselves are aware, there are only two legislative authorities under which such a scheme could possibly be brought into operation, and they are as follows:-\n\n(a) By a Proclamation published in the Hongkong Government Gazette on the 5th August, 1914, bringing into operation the Order-in-Council of the 26th October, 1896, it is provided-\n\n6. The Governor may require any person to supply any animals, vehicles, ships, boats, or other personal property belonging to or under the control of such person to the Government, if such property be required in aid of or in connection with the defence of the Colony, and, in default of the person supplying the same, may seize and take possession of and retain such animals, vehicles, boats or other personal property for such purposes.\n\n12. The Governor shall, out of the public funds of the Colony, pay to every person who shall be required to do any personal service by virtue of this Order such remuneration and to every person whose property shall be taken or temporarily taken possession of or removed or destroyed by virtue of this Order such compensation as shall be agreed on between the Governor and such person, and in default of agreement, such remuneration or compensation as shall be awarded by the Board hereinafter mentioned whose award shall be final.\n\n13. For the purpose of determining the amount of any remuneration or compensation payable under this Order, the Governor shall appoint a Board consisting of five persons, of whom one shall be a Judge or Stipendiary Magistrate, two shall be officers either in the Civil Government of the Colony or in His Majesty's naval or military service and the other two shall be inhabitants of the Colony.\n\n...\n\n[Page break: Page b]\n\n5. The Ship Owners Protection Association of Hongkong which was and is an Association for the protection of our interests with reference to the aforesaid Government control scheme were never permitted to have a representative on the Shipping Control Committee nor were we the individual shipowners represented whereas the Committee in question was substantially composed of representatives of Shipping Companies in direct opposition to us.\n\n6. The said Steamships were then and are now on the Hongkong or Shanghai registers. The position being as follows:\n\nS.S. Telemachus Hongkong Register.\n\nS.S. Phoumpenh\n\nS.S. Haimun\n\nS.S. Brisbane\n\nS.S. Wollowra\n\nS.S. Lienshing\n\nS.S. Manapouri Shanghai Register.\n\nS.S. Castlefield\n\n7. Thereafter the said Steamships were taken under the said control and the Hongkong Government received in respect of their earnings large sums of money which sums the Government still retain against the will and consent of your Petitioners.\n\n8. The said sums were not required in aid of or in connection with the defence of the Colony or of the Empire or used for the purposes of the prosecution of the war now happily ended.\n\n9. In the Financial Statement for the Hongkong Government Gazette of the 5th month of February, 1921, published in the Gazette of the 27th May, 1921, under \"Liabilities is the item \"Shipping Control Account $2,231,204.11.\"\n\n10. The retention of the said sum by the Government is not warranted by any Act of Parliament, Ordinance, Order-in-Council, Royal Prerogative or other law or authority.\n\nThe PRESIDENT: ...\n\nHONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, AUGUST 12th, 1921.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 313,
        "title": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1922.\n\nNOTICE.\n\n305 3\n\nHIRE YOUR CARS from the DRAGON MOTOR CAR CO., LTD. TOURING AND SEDAN CARS FOR HIRE. PROMPT SERVICE. CAPABLE CHAUFFEURS. REASONABLE RATES. GARAGES IN HONGKONG AND KOWLOON. Telephones-HONGKONG Central 482 & 3552. KOWLOON Kowloon 226\n\nHONGKONG HOTEL AMERICAN SODA FOUNTAIN NOW OPEN OVER 100 VARIETIES OF ICES, PUNCHES, SUNDAES and FROZEN SPECIALITIES. Also ICE CREAM BRICKS MAIN ENTRANCE ON DES VOEUX ROAD.\n\nE HING & CO. SHIPBUILDING MATERIALS, SHIPCHANDLERS AND HARDWARE MERCHANTS. 25, WING WOO ST. 'PHONE CENTRAL NO. 1110. CENTRAL.\n\nFRENCH LESSONS. C. MOUSSION, 15, Morrison Hill Road.\n\nBRUNSWICK NEWS LEOPOLD GODOWSKY MASTER PIANIST RECORDS EXCLUSIVELY FOR BRUNSWICK. THE BRUNSWICK STUDIO, Bank of China Bldg. (1st Floor) entrance DUDDELL STREET\n\nDON'T Wear cheap colored glasses YVANOVICH & CO. DISTRIBUTORS Tel. Central No. 4035 SAVE YOUR EYES. CHINESE OPTICAL CO will give you the BEST ADVICE regarding your eyesight. 67, Queen's Road Central.\n\nSPEED! International Amateur Typewriting Championship won on Remington No.10 142 WORDS PER MINUTE New York Oct. 7. 1921 International Typewriting Contest won by Miss Marion C.Waner on Remington No.10 142 gross. 127 net words per min for 30 minutes\n\nRemington M Lightening speed, lightness of touch, accuracy and sturdy construction are principles which are built in the Remington.\n\nMUSTARD & CO. 22 Museum Road, Shanghai Exclusive Representatives for China (including Hongkong & Macao) Branches-Hongkong, Canton, Hankow, Tientsin.\n\nLEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (Continued from Page 23) in service. That has been remedied and the Government now has before it the general question of extending motor bus services in the New Territories. We want in future to complete road making before the services are started.\n\nThe Hon. Mr. Lang: Will the owners of these busses be responsible for part of the upkeep of these roads?\n\nThe Chairman: Well, the whole question is under consideration and we are not embarking immediately on any scheme for that reason. There is another point about these roads. From Au Tau the approach is merely a road through paddy fields and the result is that with the weight of the traffic the foundations of the road spread. It ought to have been made of stone in the first instance. I think the Director of Public Works will agree.\n\nThe Director of Public Works: It would have been better if it had been formed as a causeway.\n\nThe Hon. Mr. Bud: If they reinforce the road would that help?\n\nThe Director of Public Works: No, the road falls away from the reinforcement.\n\nThe Hon. Mr. Bird: Will the busses be made to have pneumatic instead of solid tyres?\n\nThe Chairman: Undoubtedly. That is the intention.\n\nEARLIER TELEGRAMS.\n\nTHE LEAGUE OF NATIONS ASSEMBLY. Geneva, Sept. 21. D. Nansen's Near East proposal invites the Assembly to request the Council to consider steps, by the offer of its good office to the belligerents or otherwise, to secure an immediate cessation of hostilities. The proposal was referred to the Political Commission.\n\nJapan alone escaped adverse criticism from the mandatory Powers when the Assembly resumed the discussion on the mandate reports. On the contrary, at the meeting of the Permanent Mandate Commission, the Chairman, Marquis Theodoli, expressly complimented Japan on the way in which she had carried out her duties and the excellence of her reports.\n\nH. M. S. PETERSFIELD. London, Sept. 21. The minesweeper Petersfield is commissioning at Portsmouth as a despatch vessel for the China Station Commander.\n\nU.S. SOLDIERS' BONUS BILL. Washington, Sept. 21. The Senate, by 44 votes to 28 failed to pass the Soldiers' Bonus Bill over President Harding's veto.\n\nContinued on Page 41\n\nmotor car for use of Medical Officer in Kowloon and New Territories. Kowloon British School, provision of new class rooms.\n\nThe Chairman: The vote was $5,000 and this is $500 extra for the furniture.\n\nThe Chairman: There is an increasing demand upon the cars by several departments and the $7,000 in aid of the vote medical officer has to go to Lai Chi Kok daily so that it is necessary to buy another car.\n\n$5,700 in aid of the following votes:--Fire Brigade. Other Charges:-Clothing, $3,500; incidental expenses, $200; stores, $1,500; other charges, coal.\n\nThe Chairman: The vote is $139,650. It was based on an exact number of tons it the monthly consumption is slightly higher and the strike traffic was heavy.\n\n$1,500 in aid of the following votes:-Governor, Other Charges:-Incidental expenses, $750; electric fans and light.\n\nThe votes for $15,000 in aid of the vote Public Works. Extraordinary, Hongkong, Government House, additions and reconstruction of kitchen and garage blocks.\n\nThe Chairman: The estimate was $5,000 but there has been an increase in the number of men and the extra expense was to cover the increased personnel and establishment generally. Approved.\n\n$750. $15,000 on account of Public Works. Extraordinary, New Territories, diaphone fog signalling installation, Waglan.\n\nThe Chairman: $13,400 in aid of the vote Public Works. Extraordinary, Hong Kong. alteration of Harbour View Police Training School.\n\nThe Chairman: $20,000 was voted in 1921 and when the estimates for 1922 were prepared it was not certain how far the vote would be exhausted and $15,000 was put in. The revised estimate of total costs is less than this.\n\n$10,000 in aid of the vote Public Works. Recurrent, Hongkong. improvements to buildings.\n\nThe Chairman: The Police Training School, as you know is being built eventually on Kowloon City Reclamation but in the meantime Harbour View is an entirely suitable position for it. This money is required to make the necessary alterations.\n\n$17,000 on account of Public Works, Extraordinary, Kowloon, conversion of the China Light and Power Company's premises into a Government garage.\n\nThe Hon. Mr. Lang: I am afraid I do not know where it is.\n\nThe Chairman: It is at Breezy Point, the old German Mission. The Government's intention is to resume that land and pay the proceeds over to the mission and in the meantime while the other Police Training School is building, we have to use these premises.\n\n$5,000 in aid of the vote Harbour Master's Department, other charges, raising and renewing moorings of ocean steamships.\n\nThe Chairman: The vote is $20,000 and we find that this extra sum is required.\n\n$2,402 on account of Miscellaneous Services, purchase of a motor car for use of Medical Officer in Kowloon and New Territories.\n\n$500 in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, Kowloon.\n\nThe Chairman: The Government is increasing the number of cars and fire engines and lorries. These are repaired at the old premises of the China Light and Power Company.\n\nCaruso said:\"My VICTOR RECORDS shall be my biography.\" MOUTRIES:-ole Victor Agents.\n\n20% September 16th. to October 16th. HABANA CIGARS **CORONAS** Coronas Obeliscos Hall A-Corona 25s $22.75 25s 13.25 25s 11.75 Celestiales Chicos 25s 10.75 Londres Finos 50s 18.50 \"BOCK Y CA\" Emperadores 258 22.75 25$ 12.50 258 9.75 506 16.50 258 19.00 258 15.75 Perfectos Elegantes Regalia Santiago Panetelas \"HENRY CLAY\" Torpedoes Invincibles Finos Jockey Club... 255 9.75 TABAQUERIA FILIPINA 38. Queen's Road Central. Phone 3559.\n\nBATH TOWELS THERE IS NOTHING LIKE THAT FINE ENERGETIC FEELING OBTAINED BY A BRISK RUB DOWN WITH A GOOD TOWEL. WE HAVE TOWELS FOR THIS VERY PURPOSE MAKE YOUR SELECTION FROM OUR NEW STOCK. THE SINCERE CO., LTD.\n\nHALL'S DISTEMPER The KING of Water Paints Its Sanitary, washable, and high disinfecting qualities make it the ideal wall covering for your home or office. Handled by all Contractors and Painters. Write for our Brochure on \"How to decorate your Home\" to WILLIAM C. JACK & CO., LTD. Sole Agents HONGKONG & SOUTH CHINA.\n\nTHE CAMERAS & LENSES that can do WONDERS are GOERZ Sole agents in China HALL, LAW & CO. Telephone Central $217. 10, Des Voeux Road, C. Above Bank of East Asia, Ltd.\n\nTHE WING FAT PRINTING CO., LTD. PAPER SELLERS, STATIONERS. Printers, SALE ROOM Photo Engravers, Paper-Box Makers and Bookbinders. PRINTING OFFICE No. 149. Wing Lok Street No. A. WHITFIELD Rd. TELEPHONE CENTRAL 2257 TELEPHONE CENTRAL 1910\n\nSCIENTIFIC MASSAGE. Mr. Nankwatsu Akaji, a Graduate of the Tokyo Massage School, has opened a massage room on the First Floor of 2 Queen's Road. Central. Office hours from 10.30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Mr. Akaji gives massage on scientific lines, based on instruction in anatomical physiology. Fee for treatment :-$2.00 per visit.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-499-5 Canton situation- governor's despatches 11-3-1927 - 11-3-1927",
        "page_number": 27,
        "title": "CO129-499-5 Canton situation- governor's despatches 11-3-1927 - 11-3-1927",
        "content_text": "27 \n\nThe present strength of our Revolutionary Army is far inferior to that of the Imperialist Powers, and that the resumption of the concessions at present would be too extreme an action to take. Should we have to resort to military force against the Imperialist Powers, could we be certain of a victory over them? But in reality, we have no need to be anxious about this. Why? As I have just mentioned, the real enemies of China are the International Imperialists, and in our present struggle, it clearly emerges that on the one side are ranged the International Imperialists and on the other are the Chinese masses and the masses of all oppressed peoples in the world. Though a small clique of militarists is oppressing our Revolutionary Army at the front, they are not our real foes, and indeed can scarcely be considered our foes at all, since once they have been brought to their senses, they will be glad to join us and show a solid front against the Imperialists. Our real enemies are the Imperialists who stand behind them. The Kuomintang in its revolutionary work based on the \"Three Democratic Principles\" is convinced that the strength of our masses is gigantic and unrivalled, and their principles, which have as their object the promotion of the welfare of our people, will prove invincible. Though the course of history shows how powerful and deeply-rooted is the influence of Imperialists, yet they will be defeated in the long run if they attempt to fight with our revolutionary masses. The Imperialists have devised all sorts of schemes to thwart China, aiming principally at the economic victimisation of our Chinese race. This has been the end of all their schemes; anything which was not to their economic benefit they would consider not worthwhile. Look at what happened at Hankow. They have more than ten gun-boats at Hankow, yet why have they not dared go ashore and retake the concession? Because they... \n\nLet us...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-499-5 Canton situation- governor's despatches 11-3-1927 - 11-3-1927",
        "page_number": 108,
        "title": "CO129-499-5 Canton situation- governor's despatches 11-3-1927 - 11-3-1927",
        "content_text": "# (Four)\n\nWe can have confidence in the security that the British Government has been able to offer to our citizens, their trade and investments. It has now been demonstrated that we can withstand the severest attack that could be made by employment of the so-called \"invincible\" economic weapon and it has proved to be of no avail against us. Moreover, the British Government has stated that it has no intention to give back the Colony to China.\n\nThese two facts will greatly increase the sense of security which Hong Kong can give. It is, therefore, safe to view the future with confidence and look forward to an era of development and prosperity such as we have not yet approached. But we are here to trade with China and what we specially desire and need are stable conditions in South China where merchants and others can follow their lawful avocations in safety and peace, and these we trust will be realised at an early date. (Lord applause.)\n\nI have no further remarks to make and now beg to propose the adoption of the Report and Statement of Accounts and when this has been seconded I shall be pleased to answer to the best of my ability any question which members may desire to ask.\n\n## MR. W. L. PATTENDEN\n\nSeconded the motion. He said: - Your Excellency, Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen, - We have followed with close interest the able speech just delivered and, if I may be permitted to do so, I should like to endorse the Chairman's remarks with regard to recent events in China. I should like, if I may be allowed to do so, to congratulate the Committee on the manner in which this comprehensive report has been drawn up, and particularly Mr. Key, our able secretary, on whose shoulders, I understand, the work of compilation has largely fallen. We are glad to have Mr. Key with us again after his well-earned holiday. (Applause.)\n\nWe have learned with satisfaction of the stern but necessary measures taken by the Naval authorities in dealing with the almost impossible situation that has arisen owing to the lack of any real attempt by the Chinese authorities to cope with the continual piratical depredations, and it is to be hoped that the measures taken will have a salutary effect. Our sympathies go out to the men of the Naval force who had - what is not perhaps realised by all - a very unpleasant duty to perform, but one which was carried out in difficult circumstances in a spirit of true chivalry.\n\nI was particularly glad to notice the reference made to the Sunning piracy and the great appreciation shown of the gallant action of the Officers and Engineers in recovering their ship against almost overwhelming odds.\n\n### A Break In The Clouds\n\nAs you rightly say, Sir, we have been through difficult and anxious times during the past two years but the sound lines on which the trade of the Colony is conducted, have been evidenced by the manner in which, in spite of the chaotic state of affairs in the neighbouring provinces, and the insensate boycott proclaimed against British goods, business has been carried on. (Applause.). It is to be hoped that saner and wiser counsels among those in control of this great country, in which we are so deeply interested, will prevail, and the futility of the use of this economic weapon, the boycott, of which we have heard so much recently, will be realised, affecting as much, if not more, those using it, as it does those against whom it is directed. Given peace and quietness in the country, and a wise and progressive Government, I am convinced we shall see a prosperity in China such as we have never realised, and linked up as we are in Hong Kong with Canton and the surrounding districts - for we are interdependent one on another - this prosperity will be reflected on Hong Kong. While it may yet be a long time to the peaceful conditions we all desire there are, I am inclined to think, signs of a break in the clouds. (Applause).\n\n### The Chamber's Annual Report\n\nThe annual report that has recently been circulated is, in my opinion, a striking testimony to the work of the Chamber. I am glad to notice, included in the report, are various memoranda, dealing with the present situation in China and His Excellency's speech in the Legislative Council on October 15th last year.\n\nI venture to suggest that members send copies of the report to their various friends in other parts of the world, drawing special attention to these memoranda, which, I think, explain clearly and concisely the attitude of the British Government in regard to recent events in China.\n\n108",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-499-5 Canton situation- governor's despatches 11-3-1927 - 11-3-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 507257,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-499-5 Canton situation- governor's despatches 11-3-1927 - 11-3-1927",
        "page_number": 110,
        "title": "CO129-499-5 Canton situation- governor's despatches 11-3-1927 - 11-3-1927",
        "content_text": "## (Six)\n\nA comparison is drawn with the foreigners along the Yang-tsze and in the South, while northern China was in turmoil. The northerners then learned that Boxers were not invulnerable and that to exterminate all foreigners was less easy than they had supposed. Remembering this, the northerners today are not attempting to destroy foreign treaty-rights by violence, but are willing to negotiate a friendly settlement. It is the southerners this time who believe themselves to have found an invincible weapon wherewith to drive all foreigners out of China. They miscall it \"the economic weapon,\" meaning thereby strikes, boycotts, labour unrest, mob violence, -all excited by lying propaganda,- piracy, brigandage, and every other means of making trade in China unprofitable to the foreigner and residence in China disagreeable to him. A better name for this weapon would be **the Bolshevik bludgeon**, and those who brandish it have been taught by their Russian \"high advisers\" that with this weapon they can so bedevil the foreigner that of his own accord he will after a while pack up his traps and leave China for good. But the true name of this weapon is \"the Bolshevik boomerang,\" because it will most certainly curl back and deliver its shrewdest blow at those who endeavour to wield it. Already, none suffer from it more than do the Chinese themselves, and it will sooner or later knock out every bolshevized Chinese in the country. (Applause.)\n\n## Defeatist Attitude Will Not Help\n\nLying propaganda of the most virulent type gives the initial impetus to all these Bolshevik machinations: and, gentlemen, we must counter it by telling the truth and exposing the falsehoods. There are many who, like Coventry Patmore, would sit down and say that for lack of them the world's course will not fail.\n\n| Original Quote |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| \"When all its work is done, the lie shall rot. | The truth is great and will prevail, |\n| When none cares whether it prevail or not.\" |  |\n\nSuch a defeatist attitude will not help us now. We must be up and doing. We must see to it that the lie shall rot before, not after, its poisonous work is done, and that the truth is widely told all over China now when the victory of truth is the best means of averting the Bolshevik menace. The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce as well as the Chinese Chamber of Commerce should give most serious consideration to this matter.\n\n## Light On The Horizon\n\nGentlemen, it is always the darkest hour that comes before the dawn; and already I seem to see a glimmer of light on the horizon. The Chinese Nationalist Party is at last struggling to rid itself of the taint of Bolshevism and is discarding Comrade Borodin and other demagogues who deliriously direct chaos and who are prophets of communism and \"world-revolution.\" It now looks as if measures, similar to the emergency regulations made by the Hong Kong Government to save this Colony from the tyranny of Bolshevized Labour, have also been enforced by Chinese Nationalist generals both in Shanghai and at Canton and in other large cities, although Chinese generals have had to use the mailed fist where I fortunately was able to use the velvet glove. We may, therefore, be on the verge of a renewal of the friendly relations which are traditional between this Colony and the neighbouring provinces of China. With all my heart, I hope that it is so. I have complete faith in the future of this Colony. I do not believe that the day of British influence in China is drawing to a close. On the contrary, I believe that, when the spasm of madness now convulsing China is spent, Great Britain and the British Colony of Hong Kong will be recognized throughout the Eighteen Provinces as the most potent, the most beneficent, and the most congenial friends and coadjutors of the Chinese people in this era of its renaissance. (Applause.)\n\n110",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-499-5 Canton situation- governor's despatches 11-3-1927 - 11-3-1927.txt",
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    {
        "id": 511251,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-505-12 Estimates of expenditure 1928 1-9-1927 - 12-1-1928",
        "page_number": 45,
        "title": "CO129-505-12 Estimates of expenditure 1928 1-9-1927 - 12-1-1928",
        "content_text": "Hon. Mr. D. G. M. Bernard said: Your Excellency,-As the Senior European Unofficial Member of this Council, I wish to associate my colleagues and myself with the address which has just been delivered by the Senior Unofficial Member. This is the first occasion on which the views of the Unofficial Members have been presented by a Chinese Member, and I wish to take the opportunity of congratulating my honourable friend on the able manner in which he has performed this very important duty. In his concluding remarks he drew attention to the necessity of co-operation between British and Chinese which I think is generally recognized as being essential for the well-being and progress of the Colony. It is therefore especially gratifying to find that to-day the Unofficial Members have been happy to leave the expression of their collective views on the Budget in the hands of the Senior Chinese Member and on their behalf I want to thank him for the able way in which he has presented them. (Applause).\n\n4\n\nCH\n\nReservoir. If this was the one referred to during the Budget debate nearly a year ago as having an estimated capacity of 200 million gallons, we cannot think that this will do much towards meeting the growing needs of the island as it would increase our storage capacity by less than 10 per cent. At that debate your Excellency stated that you hoped before long to lay on the table of this Council a sessional paper giving very full information on every aspect of our water supply problem, and furnishing all the data necessary for formulating our future policy in this respect, and that a Commission would be appointed to study it. The importance of an adequate supply of fresh water for the island of Hong Kong and Kowloon cannot be over-emphasized and we trust, Sir, that we can assure you, Sir, with all confidence, that you can count upon the same measure of loyalty and co-operation in that future to which we are looking with steadfast hope and unshaken faith. (Applause.)\n\nThe proposal to build an aerodrome, to which your Excellency alluded in your speech at the last meeting of this Council, affords pleasing evidence that the Colony is keeping fully abreast of the times. When the aerodrome is completed Hong Kong will have an important new asset, and will take its place as a link in the chain of airways with which the Imperial Government is binding the Empire yet closer together. The community's satisfaction with the prospect of this new acquisition to our commercial and social amenities is increased by the knowledge that the Secretary of State for the Colonies has proposed that the Imperial Government shall bear three-quarters of the cost, and the Colony one-quarter. It is sincerely to be hoped that this proposal will receive the approval of His Majesty's Government.\n\nAerodrome.\n\nConcluding Remarks. Before concluding, Sir, I wish to express our entire agreement with the sound policy you are pursuing in husbanding the financial resources of the Colony while at the same time pushing ahead essential public works that can be undertaken without undue financial strain. Hong Kong, to-day, with all its troubles, is still one of the greatest ports in the world, and may look to regain the premier position one day. A Colony like this cannot stand still, for to stop is to go back. Hong Kong does not intend to go back. The vitality it has shown in the face of every trial in recent years more than justifies our faith in the future. Your Excellency has referred to the wonderful results that can be achieved when Britons and Chinese collaborate in the development of a country. An example of this is to be seen in the present splendid co-operation between the British and Chinese sections of the Kowloon-Canton Railway. The Colony needs only the loyalty and co-operation which were displayed by all sections of the community in the face of the big crisis of 1925 to make it invincible against all attempts to check its progress and we trust, Sir, that this sessional paper will not be unduly delayed.\n\n48",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-505-12 Estimates of expenditure 1928 1-9-1927 - 12-1-1928.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 512141,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-506-4 Public Works Loan Ordinance- 1927 23-9-1927 - 28-2-1928",
        "page_number": 64,
        "title": "CO129-506-4 Public Works Loan Ordinance- 1927 23-9-1927 - 28-2-1928",
        "content_text": "HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL.\n\n95\n\nnecessary for formulating our future policy in this respect,\" and that a Commission would be appointed to study it. The importance of an adequate supply of fresh water for the island of Hong Kong and Kowloon cannot be over emphasized and we trust, Sir, that this sessional paper will not be unduly delayed.\n\nThe proposal to build an aerodrome, to which your Excellency alluded in your speech at the last meeting of this Council, affords pleasing evidence that the Colony is keeping fully abreast of the times. When the aerodrome is completed Hong Kong will have an important new asset, and will take its place as a link in the chain of airways with which the Imperial Government is binding the Empire yet closer together. The community's satisfaction with the prospect of this new acquisition to our commercial and social amenities is increased by the knowledge that the Secretary of State for the Colonies has proposed that the Imperial Government shall bear three-quarters of the cost, and the Colony one-quarter. It is sincerely to be hoped that this proposal will receive the approval of His Majesty's Government.\n\nBefore concluding, Sir, I wish to express our entire agreement with the sound policy you are pursuing in husbanding the financial resources of the Colony while at the same time pushing ahead essential public works that can be undertaken without undue financial strain. Hong Kong, to-day, with all its troubles, is still one of the greatest ports in the world, and may look to regain the premier position one day. A Colony like this cannot stand still, for to stop is to go back. Hong Kong does not intend to go back. The vitality it has shown in the face of every trial in recent years more than justifies our faith in the future. Your Excellency has referred to the wonderful results that can be achieved when Britons and Chinese collaborate in the development of a country. An example of this is to be seen in the present splendid co-operation between the British and Chinese sections of the Kowloon-Canton Railway. The Colony needs only the loyalty and co-operation which were displayed by all sections of the community in the face of the big crisis of 1925 to make it invincible against all attempts to check its progress; and we can assure you, Sir, with all confidence, that you can count upon the same measure of loyalty and co-operation in that future to which we are looking with steadfast hope and unshaken faith. (Applause.)\n\nHon. Mr. D. G. M. BERNARD said—Your Excellency,—As the Senior European Unofficial Member of this Council, I wish to associate my colleagues and myself with the address which has just been delivered by the Senior Unofficial Member. This is the first occasion on which the views of the Unofficial Members have been presented by a Chinese Member, and I wish to take the opportunity of congratulating my honourable friend on the able manner in which he has performed this very important duty. In his concluding remarks he drew attention to the necessity of co-operation between British and Chinese which I think is generally recognized as being essential for the well-being and\n\n64",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-506-4 Public Works Loan Ordinance- 1927 23-9-1927 - 28-2-1928.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 556770,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-566-14 Union of Democratic Control forwards copy of Notes from China 14-12-1938 - 14-12-1938",
        "page_number": 6,
        "title": "CO129-566-14 Union of Democratic Control forwards copy of Notes from China 14-12-1938 - 14-12-1938",
        "content_text": "༦、\n\n- 2 -\n\nREALITIES\n\nAND\n\nAPPEASEMENT\n\nIN THE FAR\n\nEAST\n\nAfter 16 months of war, the armies of China are intact and actually strengthened. Preparations are going steadily ahead for the counter-offensive of the Third Stage of the war, aimed to drive out the invader.\n\nSix months of intimate contact with leaders and rank and file workers in Hong Kong, Canton, Hankow, Sian, North China and on the Yangtze front, gave me renewed faith in the coming victory of democracy. The people have accepted the loss of the great coastal and river cities and railways with unshaken courage. They recognise that these losses are being turned to account in the general strategy of China's war of defence. Confidence in China's final victory is undimmed. The more cautious envisage a struggle that may continue several more years. Perhaps the main political danger in China today is born from an excess of optimism among certain groups who think that the beginning of the end will come with Japan's financial collapse within six months.\n\nTo offset her losses, China registers substantial gains. One of the most important of these gains is this confidence of final victory in the army, the people, and the Government. National unity is being consolidated and extended to include outlying provinces like Chinghai and Tibet, where lamas are today praying for a Chinese victory. The spread of the new culture of democracy lays a basis for the true renaissance of the East.\n\nThe rapid and invincible spread of democratic institutions in China is the firmest guarantee of her freedom. The importance of the People's Advisory Council steadily increases. The creation of the Special Border Region of Shensi-Kansu-Ninghsia is an irrevocable proof of the democratic influences at work in the Central Government. In this region a million people enjoy complete democratic rights, freedom of speech, election and organisation. All officials are directly responsible to the electorate. The democratic principles of the Special Region are spread through the North up to the gates of Peiping. They have made the Japanese \"conquest of North China\" wholly ineffective.\n\nThere is no lack of volunteers to replenish the ranks of the regular armies even after the terrible losses they have sustained from gas and high explosive. The number of partisan and guerrilla fighters increases daily. There are",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-566-14 Union of Democratic Control forwards copy of Notes from China 14-12-1938 - 14-12-1938.txt",
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    {
        "id": 559757,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-57 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [7]",
        "page_number": 21,
        "title": "CO129-57 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [7]",
        "content_text": "18\n\nto interference which\n\nT\n\nsem invincible.\n\n\"What, however, must never\n\nbe lost sight of, is the position of this Blom in relation to our vast interest in China. Kese reonue that all I legislation could be looked to in its ultra-local consequences, and the consideration of troue consequences\n\nit is of course\n\nmy\n\nbounden duty\n\nas\n\nPlemibotentiary and Chief Superintendat\n\ninvitually to keep in view.\n\n& Finde\n\nconeur in Mz\n\nI entially Bridges' affirmation of the value\n\nF\n\nhor Exldwills devices, and shall be\n\ngian to see him reinstaten in the service of the Foramment.\n\nAnd though not agreein yo\n\nwith Urr Midges as to the modus\n\nbrocedende in the\n\nvery grave\n\naut\n\n\"entandled question, I recognize-\n\nzeal\n\nhis representation evidence of his\n\nand attention to the subject.\n\nI have the honor to be,\n\nWith the highest respect,\n\nWatt\n\nمنزل\n\nfour mat sortient Aumble Servant,\n\nJohn Biums\n\nreference to the averment of Mr Bridges that \"every day in there lie alongside the\n\n\"the\n\nyear\n\ni",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-57 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [7].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 590326,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949",
        "page_number": 128,
        "title": "CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949",
        "content_text": "220/45 II.\n\n141 51\n\nSAVINGRAM\n\n**RES**\n\nTo the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\n6- JUL 1948\n\nC..\n\nFrom the Governor, Hong Kong.\n\nDate 20th June 1948. No.44\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL.**\n\nAmad\n\n4-4 & 45\n\n$250,973\n\nYour telegrams 638 and 639 of the 7th June, 1948.\n\nHong Kong University.\n\n1. I am much perturbed that objections may be raised against a grant to the University from Colonial Development and Welfare Funds.\n\n2. The main developments of the University now contemplated are for local needs. Money is required for\n\n3. a teaching hospital\na school of Architecture\nprovision for the training of teachers\na hostel for women students\nhousing for staff.\n\nNone of these items can be regarded as rehabilitation. All were projected long before the war but had to be deferred because of the lack of funds. It is a matter of urgency for the Colony that the supply of doctors, dentists, engineers, architects, and teachers should be increased to meet the Colony's own needs and to implement the policy of White Paper No. 197. It is estimated that capital expenditure for projects mentioned in paragraph 2 would amount to about £250,000 at present costs and it is essential that an early beginning be made on all of them. The grant by this Government of $4 millions from local funds will only meet the cost of necessary rehabilitation. Without aid from Colonial Development and Welfare Funds it will be impossible to do for an increased population what was done before the war.\n\n4. Objection to the proposed grant on the ground that students from China may profit as a result of the development of this University constitutes repudiation of the policy for the University set forth in the Preamble to Ordinance No. 10 of 1911. The fact that students from Siam and Indonesia are likely to profit from the proposed University of Malaya would hardly be regarded as a bar for assistance to Malaya from Colonial Development and Welfare Funds. The spread of British ideas from a Colonial University in Hong Kong does not make it the less a Colonial institution.\n\n5. The assertion that the establishment of a Malayan University will end the connection of this University with Malayan Chinese is not accepted here because of the invincible Chinese desire for education in a Chinese environment. The number of Malayan Chinese will be reduced but will still be substantial.\n\n6. I strongly urge that the grant of £250,000, as part of the general settlement of war debts should not be made a pretext for the refusal of a grant from Colonial Development and Welfare Funds which is undoubtedly needed if the University is to fulfil its function in the Colony. The free grant from His Majesty's Government will lose all grace if it comes\n\nAr.\n\nto/",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-610-2 Rehabilitation of Hong Kong University 9-1-1948 - 18-1-1949.txt",
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